Wikipedia zh_min_nanwiki https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A2u-ia%CC%8Dh MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.23 first-letter Mûi-thé Tek-pia̍t Thó-lūn Iōng-chiá Iōng-chiá thó-lūn Wikipedia Wikipedia thó-lūn tóng-àn tóng-àn thó-lūn MediaWiki MediaWiki thó-lūn Pang-bô͘ Pang-bô͘ thó-lūn Pang-chān Pang-chān thó-lūn Lūi-pia̍t Lūi-pia̍t thó-lūn Portal Portal talk TimedText TimedText talk 模組 模組討論 Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 22939 3132893 2200397 2022-08-08T01:47:24Z 2001:4451:110A:9200:A8A1:9349:3025:63F1 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} [[tóng-àn:SBSP logo.png|縮圖|Logo]] '''''SpongeBob SquarePants''''' sī [[Bí-kok]] ê tiān-sī [[tōng-oē]], goân chok-chiá sī [[Stephen Hillenburg]], siāng chá sī tī [[Nickelodeon]] hòng-sàng. Chit-ê tōng-oē ê chú-iàu kak-sek sī hái-té kok chióng seng-bu̍t, chú-kak sī chi̍t chiah hō "SpongeBob SquarePants" ê "[[hái-mî]]". {{stub}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok bûn-hòa]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Bàng-gah iáⁿ-chi̍p]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Nickelodeon]] evudtyy9ehca7l91p4qq2oexc70u3y9 3132894 3132893 2022-08-08T01:47:48Z 2001:4451:110A:9200:A8A1:9349:3025:63F1 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} [[tóng-àn:SBSP logo.png|縮圖|Logo]] [[tóng-àn:Bob esponja logotipo.png|縮圖|Logo]] '''''SpongeBob SquarePants''''' sī [[Bí-kok]] ê tiān-sī [[tōng-oē]], goân chok-chiá sī [[Stephen Hillenburg]], siāng chá sī tī [[Nickelodeon]] hòng-sàng. Chit-ê tōng-oē ê chú-iàu kak-sek sī hái-té kok chióng seng-bu̍t, chú-kak sī chi̍t chiah hō "SpongeBob SquarePants" ê "[[hái-mî]]". {{stub}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok bûn-hòa]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Bàng-gah iáⁿ-chi̍p]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Nickelodeon]] e0xzw6jgwt58jpaij9yrv0w22215qeb 0 25380 3132889 1526531 2022-08-07T22:47:12Z 2001:E68:5432:C508:951A:6ED0:D3B:D74E wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Newton HokkienMee.JPG|thumb|Hok-kiàn mī]] [[Freda_'_Fox_(15110194425).jpg]] '''Hok-kiàn mī''' sī [[Hok-kiàn]]-sek [[chhá-mī]] tī [[Tang-lâm-a]] kap se-iûⁿ ê kiò-hoat, tī [[Sin-ka-pho]] kap [[Má-lâi-se-a]] téng só͘-chāi chin liû-hêng. Má-lâi-se-a chāi-tē it-poaⁿ siá chò '''Hokkien mee'''. a.k.a. hù-lì mī. {{stub}} [[Category:Mī]] exapcxjgpmblqikl3pyabftub52uum5 3132890 3132889 2022-08-07T22:47:31Z 2001:E68:5432:C508:951A:6ED0:D3B:D74E wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Newton HokkienMee.JPG|thumb|Hok-kiàn mī]] [[Freda'Fox(15110194425).jpg]] '''Hok-kiàn mī''' sī [[Hok-kiàn]]-sek [[chhá-mī]] tī [[Tang-lâm-a]] kap se-iûⁿ ê kiò-hoat, tī [[Sin-ka-pho]] kap [[Má-lâi-se-a]] téng só͘-chāi chin liû-hêng. Má-lâi-se-a chāi-tē it-poaⁿ siá chò '''Hokkien mee'''. a.k.a. hù-lì mī. {{stub}} [[Category:Mī]] 2oh7yjtnkx3v2n80zpziow1tfv4qh7n 3132891 3132890 2022-08-07T22:54:28Z Praxidicae 33626 Chhú-siau 2001:E68:5432:C508:951A:6ED0:D3B:D74E ê siu-kái, kái tńg khì A-lú-mih siōng bóe ê siu-tēng-pún wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Newton HokkienMee.JPG|thumb|Hok-kiàn mī]] '''Hok-kiàn mī''' sī [[Hok-kiàn]]-sek [[chhá-mī]] tī [[Tang-lâm-a]] kap se-iûⁿ ê kiò-hoat, tī [[Sin-ka-pho]] kap [[Má-lâi-se-a]] téng só͘-chāi chin liû-hêng. Má-lâi-se-a chāi-tē it-poaⁿ siá chò '''Hokkien mee'''. {{stub}} [[Category:Mī]] gulzdnzmhesep77c59lximun4k8m3qb 0 173651 3132854 2385804 2022-08-07T17:52:57Z WikiRomaWiki 54115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune |name = Trevi |image_skyline = Trevi (Umbria)- Panorama.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Trevi ê kéng-sek |image_flag = |flag_size = |wappen = |regioni = [[Umbria]] |provincia = [[Perugia Séng|Perugia]] |elevation = |area = |population = 8007 |latd = 42 |latm = 53 |lats = 36 |longd = 12 |longm = 45 |longs = 42 |website = }} '''Trevi''' ([[Italia-gí]]: {{lang|it|''Comune di Trevi''}}) sī [[Italia]] [[Umbria|Umbria Tōa-khu]] [[Perugia Séng]] ê chi̍t-ê ''[[comune]]'' (chhī-tìn). == Tē-lí == Tī Trevi ê sì-ûi ū [[Campello sul Clitunno]], [[Castel Ritaldi]], [[Foligno]], [[Sellano]], [[Spoleto]], kap [[Montefalco]] téng siâⁿ-chhī he̍k-chiá chng-siā. [[File:Map of comune of Trevi (province of Perugia, region Umbria, Italy).svg|thumb|none|{{Color box|#da271d}} Trevi ùi séng lāi ê hoān-ûi.]] == Jîn-kháu == {{Demografia/Trevi (PG)}} == Chham-chiàu == {{reflist}} == Liân-kiat == * [http://www.comune.trevi.pg.it/ Bāng-chām] {{Umbria-geo-stub}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Perugia Séng ê kong-siā]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Umbria ê siâⁿ-chhī]] thmij0bv5ptby7n30d8qudg41qtsfm7 0 666441 3132895 1928571 2022-08-08T01:48:35Z 2001:4451:110A:9200:A8A1:9349:3025:63F1 wikitext text/x-wiki [[tóng-àn:Dora the Explorer (4843948597).jpg|縮圖|Image]] '''''Dora Thàm-hiám-ka''''' ([[Eng-gí]]: ''Dora the Explorer'') sī [[Bí-kok]] ê chi̍t-ê kàu-io̍k tōng-ōe [[tiān-sī]] chi̍p. Chhòng-chō-chiá sī [[Chris Gifford]], [[Valerie Walsh]], kap [[Eric Weiner]]. Che tōng-ōe-chi̍p chū 2000 nî khai-sí kò͘-tēng hòng-sàng, tāi-seng sī chhut ùi [[Nickelodeon]] ê tiān-sī bāng-lō͘. {{stub}} [[Category:Bí-kok bûn-hòa]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-sī]] 2oiopwz6az3ywvbsasuayoet7bmamkt 0 1022307 3132892 3124949 2022-08-08T01:46:41Z 2001:4451:110A:9200:A8A1:9349:3025:63F1 wikitext text/x-wiki {{italic title}} [[tóng-àn:Barney & Friends logo.svg|縮圖|Logo]] '''''Barney & Friends''''' sī [[PBS Kids]] ê [[tiān-sī]] chiat-bo̍k, choân-bûn pian hō ji̍p-ha̍k chêng ê gín-á khoàn. {{phí}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Bí-kok iáⁿ-chi̍p]] ekgw4akb5wws62npq8kzwxdcl0b1z5f 0 1044656 3132896 2956571 2022-08-08T06:59:10Z Gliwi 29406 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Wappen Schwanheim Pfalz.PNG]] → [[File:DEU Schwanheim COA.svg]] PNG → SVG wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |name = Schwanheim |settlement_type = [[Tek-kok ê kong-siā|Kong-siā]] |image_skyline = Schwanheim-12-Hauptstr 17-2019-gje.jpg |image_shield = DEU Schwanheim COA.svg |image_map = Schwanheim in PS.svg |subdivision_type = [[Kok-ka]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|Tek-kok}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Tek-kok ê chiu|Liân-pang-chiu]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Rheinland-Pfalz]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Tek-kok ê kūn|Kūn]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Südwestpfalz Kūn|Südwestpfalz]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Tek-kok ê hiong|Hiong]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Hauenstein Hiong|Hauenstein]] |area_total_km2 = 6.96 |population_total = 611 |elevation_m = 237 |pushpin_map = Germany |pushpin_label_position = bottom |latd = 49 |latm = 10 |lats = 1.74 |latNS = N |longd = 7 |longm = 52 |longs = 47.88 |longEW = E |timezone = [[Tiong-iong Au-chiu Sî-kan|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = [[Tiong-iong Au-chiu Sî-kan|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 }} '''Schwanheim''' sī [[Tek-kok]] [[Rheinland-Pfalz|Rheinland-Pfalz Chiu]] [[Südwestpfalz Kūn]] [[Hauenstein Hiong]] ê chi̍t ê [[Tek-kok ê kong-siā|kong-siā]] (''Gemeinde'').<ref>[http://www.statistik.rlp.de/de/regional/geowebdienste/bevoelkerung/ "Bevölkerungsstand 2019, Kreise, Gemeinden, Verbandsgemeinden"]. ''Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz'' (Tek-gí). 2020.</ref> ==Chham-oa̍t== *[[Tek-kok ê kong-siā]] ==Chham-khó== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:Rheinland-Pfalz ê kong-siā]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Südwestpfalz Kūn]] oy0atcqo0lp9nd3jl99w2ncosxwf2mu 0 1074471 3132867 3129730 2022-08-07T20:32:42Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Iáñ-phìñ === [[File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|thumb|center|300px|<div align="center">Ginny tē-it pái hui-hîng iáñ-phìñ<br />（2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19-li̍t）</div>]] === Hué-tsheñ hui-hîng tshik-tshì=== {{multiple image |header = Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter tests |align = center |direction = horizontal |caption_align = center |total_width = 1200 |image1 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption1 = Flight zone and rover locations |image2 = PIA24494-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-FlightZoneMap-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Flight zone map |image3 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption3 = Rover view of flight zone |image4 = PIA24496-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-FlightZoneActivities-20210323.jpg |caption4 = Flight zone activities |image5=Perseverance rover track and Ingenuity Helicopter Flight Zone.jpg |caption5=''Perseverance'' rover track and ''Ingenuity'' helicopter flight zone seen after rover had reached Van Zyl Overlook }} ===Hué-tsheñ tíng-kuân ê hui-hîng tshau-tsok=== {{multiple image |header = Flights on Mars |align = center |direction = horizontal |caption_align = center |total_width = 700 |image1=Ingenuity Helicopter's 1st Flight.gif |caption1=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight captured by MastCam-Z aboard Mars 2020 ''Perseverance'' rover |image2=Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png |caption2=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data. The sudden increase in the graph indicates the flight period. |image3=Ingenuity Helicopter after 1st flight.png |caption3=''Ingenuity'' safe after first flight }} ===''Ginny'' hip ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Images from ''Ingenuity'' helicopter{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are taken from black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera or horizon-facing terrain camera}} | align = center | direction = horizontal | width = | perrow = 4 | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter's first color image after deployment on April 4, 2021{{efn|name=Legs|''Ingenuity'' legs on both sides of the image along with wheels in top corners}} | width1 = 243 | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter's Shadow On 1st flight.jpg | caption2 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first black-and-white image from the air on its first flight, showing its shadow | width2 = 250 | footer = }} {{clear}} ===''Perseverance'' hip ê tôo-siōng === {{multiple image | header = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter deployment: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover and pre-flight testing operations | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Successful deployment on Mars | width1=118 | image2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46.png | caption2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46 | width2=87 | image3 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter rotor blades unlocked for flying | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity on Sol 48.png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' on Sol 48{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} | width4=195 | image5 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption5 = ''Ingenuity'' gives its blades a slow-speed spin up test or 50 rpm test spin on sol 48 | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption6 = ''Ingenuity helicopter'' just after its blades completed a high-speed spin up test or 2400 rpm test spin on Sol 55{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} |width6=153 }} {{multiple image|header= |align=center |dirsctipon=horizontal |width= | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' in shield under rover | width1=160 | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield removed | width2=155 | image3 = Ingenuity on Perseverance rover's belly (cropped).jpg | caption3 = Rover moves away | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption4 = Deployment begins | width4=80 | image5 = Ingenuity vertical under Perseverance rover (cropped).jpg | caption5 = Fully vertical | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption6 = Legs deployed | width6=156 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] 6cuu5ptkcbpx9fvk6ebi5k15zmz6wo4 3132868 3132867 2022-08-07T20:33:47Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Iáñ-phìñ === [[File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|thumb|center|300px|<div align="center">Ginny tē-it pái hui-hîng iáñ-phìñ<br />（2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19-li̍t）</div>]] === Hué-tsheñ hui-hîng tshik-tshì=== {{multiple image |header = Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter tests |align = center |direction = horizontal |caption_align = center |total_width = 1200 |image1 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption1 = Flight zone and rover locations |image2 = PIA24494-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-FlightZoneMap-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Flight zone map |image3 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption3 = Rover view of flight zone |image4 = PIA24496-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-FlightZoneActivities-20210323.jpg |caption4 = Flight zone activities |image5=Perseverance rover track and Ingenuity Helicopter Flight Zone.jpg |caption5=''Perseverance'' rover track and ''Ingenuity'' helicopter flight zone seen after rover had reached Van Zyl Overlook }} ===Hué-tsheñ tíng-kuân ê hui-hîng tshau-tsok=== {{multiple image |header = Flights on Mars |align = center |direction = horizontal |caption_align = center |total_width = 700 |image1=Ingenuity Helicopter's 1st Flight.gif |caption1=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight captured by MastCam-Z aboard Mars 2020 ''Perseverance'' rover |image2=Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png |caption2=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data. The sudden increase in the graph indicates the flight period. |image3=Ingenuity Helicopter after 1st flight.png |caption3=''Ingenuity'' safe after first flight }} ===''Ginny'' hip ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Images from ''Ingenuity'' helicopter{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are taken from black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera or horizon-facing terrain camera}} | align = center | direction = horizontal | width = | perrow = 4 | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter's first color image after deployment on April 4, 2021{{efn|name=Legs|''Ingenuity'' legs on both sides of the image along with wheels in top corners}} | width1 = 243 | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter's Shadow On 1st flight.jpg | caption2 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first black-and-white image from the air on its first flight, showing its shadow | width2 = 250 | footer = }} {{clear}} ===''Perseverance'' hip ê tôo-siōng === {{multiple image | header = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter deployment: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover and pre-flight testing operations | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Successful deployment on Mars | width1=118 | image2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46.png | caption2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46 | width2=87 | image3 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter rotor blades unlocked for flying | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity on Sol 48.png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' on Sol 48{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} | width4=195 | image5 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption5 = ''Ingenuity'' gives its blades a slow-speed spin up test or 50 rpm test spin on sol 48 | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption6 = ''Ingenuity helicopter'' just after its blades completed a high-speed spin up test or 2400 rpm test spin on Sol 55{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} |width6=153 }} {{multiple image|header= |align=center |dirsctipon=horizontal |width= | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' in shield under rover | width1=160 | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield removed | width2=155 | image3 = Ingenuity on Perseverance rover's belly (cropped).jpg | caption3 = Rover moves away | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption4 = Deployment begins | width4=80 | image5 = Ingenuity vertical under Perseverance rover (cropped).jpg | caption5 = Fully vertical | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption6 = Legs deployed | width6=156 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] qohbclyk9c2shaxyllxhu4t4jphwjb5 3132869 3132868 2022-08-07T20:37:48Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-phìñ */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === [[File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|thumb|center|300px|<div align="center">Ginny tē-it pái hui-hîng iáñ-phìñ<br />（2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19-li̍t）</div>]] === Hué-tsheñ hui-hîng tshik-tshì=== {{multiple image |header = Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter tests |align = center |direction = horizontal |caption_align = center |total_width = 1200 |image1 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption1 = Flight zone and rover locations |image2 = PIA24494-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-FlightZoneMap-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Flight zone map |image3 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption3 = Rover view of flight zone |image4 = PIA24496-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-FlightZoneActivities-20210323.jpg |caption4 = Flight zone activities |image5=Perseverance rover track and Ingenuity Helicopter Flight Zone.jpg |caption5=''Perseverance'' rover track and ''Ingenuity'' helicopter flight zone seen after rover had reached Van Zyl Overlook }} ===Hué-tsheñ tíng-kuân ê hui-hîng tshau-tsok=== {{multiple image |header = Flights on Mars |align = center |direction = horizontal |caption_align = center |total_width = 700 |image1=Ingenuity Helicopter's 1st Flight.gif |caption1=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight captured by MastCam-Z aboard Mars 2020 ''Perseverance'' rover |image2=Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png |caption2=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data. The sudden increase in the graph indicates the flight period. |image3=Ingenuity Helicopter after 1st flight.png |caption3=''Ingenuity'' safe after first flight }} ===''Ginny'' hip ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Images from ''Ingenuity'' helicopter{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are taken from black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera or horizon-facing terrain camera}} | align = center | direction = horizontal | width = | perrow = 4 | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter's first color image after deployment on April 4, 2021{{efn|name=Legs|''Ingenuity'' legs on both sides of the image along with wheels in top corners}} | width1 = 243 | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter's Shadow On 1st flight.jpg | caption2 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first black-and-white image from the air on its first flight, showing its shadow | width2 = 250 | footer = }} {{clear}} ===''Perseverance'' hip ê tôo-siōng === {{multiple image | header = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter deployment: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover and pre-flight testing operations | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Successful deployment on Mars | width1=118 | image2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46.png | caption2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46 | width2=87 | image3 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter rotor blades unlocked for flying | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity on Sol 48.png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' on Sol 48{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} | width4=195 | image5 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption5 = ''Ingenuity'' gives its blades a slow-speed spin up test or 50 rpm test spin on sol 48 | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption6 = ''Ingenuity helicopter'' just after its blades completed a high-speed spin up test or 2400 rpm test spin on Sol 55{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} |width6=153 }} {{multiple image|header= |align=center |dirsctipon=horizontal |width= | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' in shield under rover | width1=160 | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield removed | width2=155 | image3 = Ingenuity on Perseverance rover's belly (cropped).jpg | caption3 = Rover moves away | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption4 = Deployment begins | width4=80 | image5 = Ingenuity vertical under Perseverance rover (cropped).jpg | caption5 = Fully vertical | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption6 = Legs deployed | width6=156 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] 82hu3oxa408sgc7rumuhmx115pmv6gy 3132870 3132869 2022-08-07T20:39:12Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Iáñ-phìñ */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{multipleimage |header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} === Hué-tsheñ hui-hîng tshik-tshì=== {{multiple image |header = Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter tests |align = center |direction = horizontal |caption_align = center |total_width = 1200 |image1 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption1 = Flight zone and rover locations |image2 = PIA24494-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-FlightZoneMap-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Flight zone map |image3 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption3 = Rover view of flight zone |image4 = PIA24496-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-FlightZoneActivities-20210323.jpg |caption4 = Flight zone activities |image5=Perseverance rover track and Ingenuity Helicopter Flight Zone.jpg |caption5=''Perseverance'' rover track and ''Ingenuity'' helicopter flight zone seen after rover had reached Van Zyl Overlook }} ===Hué-tsheñ tíng-kuân ê hui-hîng tshau-tsok=== {{multiple image |header = Flights on Mars |align = center |direction = horizontal |caption_align = center |total_width = 700 |image1=Ingenuity Helicopter's 1st Flight.gif |caption1=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight captured by MastCam-Z aboard Mars 2020 ''Perseverance'' rover |image2=Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png |caption2=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data. The sudden increase in the graph indicates the flight period. |image3=Ingenuity Helicopter after 1st flight.png |caption3=''Ingenuity'' safe after first flight }} ===''Ginny'' hip ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Images from ''Ingenuity'' helicopter{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are taken from black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera or horizon-facing terrain camera}} | align = center | direction = horizontal | width = | perrow = 4 | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter's first color image after deployment on April 4, 2021{{efn|name=Legs|''Ingenuity'' legs on both sides of the image along with wheels in top corners}} | width1 = 243 | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter's Shadow On 1st flight.jpg | caption2 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first black-and-white image from the air on its first flight, showing its shadow | width2 = 250 | footer = }} {{clear}} ===''Perseverance'' hip ê tôo-siōng === {{multiple image | header = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter deployment: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover and pre-flight testing operations | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Successful deployment on Mars | width1=118 | image2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46.png | caption2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46 | width2=87 | image3 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter rotor blades unlocked for flying | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity on Sol 48.png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' on Sol 48{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} | width4=195 | image5 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption5 = ''Ingenuity'' gives its blades a slow-speed spin up test or 50 rpm test spin on sol 48 | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption6 = ''Ingenuity helicopter'' just after its blades completed a high-speed spin up test or 2400 rpm test spin on Sol 55{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} |width6=153 }} {{multiple image|header= |align=center |dirsctipon=horizontal |width= | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' in shield under rover | width1=160 | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield removed | width2=155 | image3 = Ingenuity on Perseverance rover's belly (cropped).jpg | caption3 = Rover moves away | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption4 = Deployment begins | width4=80 | image5 = Ingenuity vertical under Perseverance rover (cropped).jpg | caption5 = Fully vertical | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption6 = Legs deployed | width6=156 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] t9wnj0mbm3r5k4ih4zgquyz1rwkufpb 3132871 3132870 2022-08-07T20:40:03Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Iáñ-phìñ */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} === Hué-tsheñ hui-hîng tshik-tshì=== {{multiple image |header = Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter tests |align = center |direction = horizontal |caption_align = center |total_width = 1200 |image1 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption1 = Flight zone and rover locations |image2 = PIA24494-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-FlightZoneMap-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Flight zone map |image3 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption3 = Rover view of flight zone |image4 = PIA24496-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-FlightZoneActivities-20210323.jpg |caption4 = Flight zone activities |image5=Perseverance rover track and Ingenuity Helicopter Flight Zone.jpg |caption5=''Perseverance'' rover track and ''Ingenuity'' helicopter flight zone seen after rover had reached Van Zyl Overlook }} ===Hué-tsheñ tíng-kuân ê hui-hîng tshau-tsok=== {{multiple image |header = Flights on Mars |align = center |direction = horizontal |caption_align = center |total_width = 700 |image1=Ingenuity Helicopter's 1st Flight.gif |caption1=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight captured by MastCam-Z aboard Mars 2020 ''Perseverance'' rover |image2=Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png |caption2=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data. The sudden increase in the graph indicates the flight period. |image3=Ingenuity Helicopter after 1st flight.png |caption3=''Ingenuity'' safe after first flight }} ===''Ginny'' hip ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Images from ''Ingenuity'' helicopter{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are taken from black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera or horizon-facing terrain camera}} | align = center | direction = horizontal | width = | perrow = 4 | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter's first color image after deployment on April 4, 2021{{efn|name=Legs|''Ingenuity'' legs on both sides of the image along with wheels in top corners}} | width1 = 243 | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter's Shadow On 1st flight.jpg | caption2 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first black-and-white image from the air on its first flight, showing its shadow | width2 = 250 | footer = }} {{clear}} ===''Perseverance'' hip ê tôo-siōng === {{multiple image | header = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter deployment: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover and pre-flight testing operations | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Successful deployment on Mars | width1=118 | image2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46.png | caption2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46 | width2=87 | image3 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter rotor blades unlocked for flying | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity on Sol 48.png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' on Sol 48{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} | width4=195 | image5 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption5 = ''Ingenuity'' gives its blades a slow-speed spin up test or 50 rpm test spin on sol 48 | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption6 = ''Ingenuity helicopter'' just after its blades completed a high-speed spin up test or 2400 rpm test spin on Sol 55{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} |width6=153 }} {{multiple image|header= |align=center |dirsctipon=horizontal |width= | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' in shield under rover | width1=160 | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield removed | width2=155 | image3 = Ingenuity on Perseverance rover's belly (cropped).jpg | caption3 = Rover moves away | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption4 = Deployment begins | width4=80 | image5 = Ingenuity vertical under Perseverance rover (cropped).jpg | caption5 = Fully vertical | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption6 = Legs deployed | width6=156 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] 84lyuut1r1tpmysczh4t7mraoccdlz7 3132872 3132871 2022-08-07T20:43:16Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Hué-tsheñ hui-hîng tshik-tshì */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{multiple images |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} ===Hué-tsheñ tíng-kuân ê hui-hîng tshau-tsok=== {{multiple image |header = Flights on Mars |align = center |direction = horizontal |caption_align = center |total_width = 700 |image1=Ingenuity Helicopter's 1st Flight.gif |caption1=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight captured by MastCam-Z aboard Mars 2020 ''Perseverance'' rover |image2=Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png |caption2=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data. The sudden increase in the graph indicates the flight period. |image3=Ingenuity Helicopter after 1st flight.png |caption3=''Ingenuity'' safe after first flight }} ===''Ginny'' hip ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Images from ''Ingenuity'' helicopter{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are taken from black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera or horizon-facing terrain camera}} | align = center | direction = horizontal | width = | perrow = 4 | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter's first color image after deployment on April 4, 2021{{efn|name=Legs|''Ingenuity'' legs on both sides of the image along with wheels in top corners}} | width1 = 243 | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter's Shadow On 1st flight.jpg | caption2 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first black-and-white image from the air on its first flight, showing its shadow | width2 = 250 | footer = }} {{clear}} ===''Perseverance'' hip ê tôo-siōng === {{multiple image | header = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter deployment: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover and pre-flight testing operations | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Successful deployment on Mars | width1=118 | image2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46.png | caption2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46 | width2=87 | image3 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter rotor blades unlocked for flying | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity on Sol 48.png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' on Sol 48{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} | width4=195 | image5 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption5 = ''Ingenuity'' gives its blades a slow-speed spin up test or 50 rpm test spin on sol 48 | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption6 = ''Ingenuity helicopter'' just after its blades completed a high-speed spin up test or 2400 rpm test spin on Sol 55{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} |width6=153 }} {{multiple image|header= |align=center |dirsctipon=horizontal |width= | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' in shield under rover | width1=160 | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield removed | width2=155 | image3 = Ingenuity on Perseverance rover's belly (cropped).jpg | caption3 = Rover moves away | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption4 = Deployment begins | width4=80 | image5 = Ingenuity vertical under Perseverance rover (cropped).jpg | caption5 = Fully vertical | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption6 = Legs deployed | width6=156 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] ljeglwaw8qzcwin9ia2sdkndnihqdn6 3132873 3132872 2022-08-07T20:44:07Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Pōo-sūs ūn-sī */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} ===Hué-tsheñ tíng-kuân ê hui-hîng tshau-tsok=== {{multiple image |header = Flights on Mars |align = center |direction = horizontal |caption_align = center |total_width = 700 |image1=Ingenuity Helicopter's 1st Flight.gif |caption1=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight captured by MastCam-Z aboard Mars 2020 ''Perseverance'' rover |image2=Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png |caption2=''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data. The sudden increase in the graph indicates the flight period. |image3=Ingenuity Helicopter after 1st flight.png |caption3=''Ingenuity'' safe after first flight }} ===''Ginny'' hip ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Images from ''Ingenuity'' helicopter{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are taken from black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera or horizon-facing terrain camera}} | align = center | direction = horizontal | width = | perrow = 4 | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter's first color image after deployment on April 4, 2021{{efn|name=Legs|''Ingenuity'' legs on both sides of the image along with wheels in top corners}} | width1 = 243 | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter's Shadow On 1st flight.jpg | caption2 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first black-and-white image from the air on its first flight, showing its shadow | width2 = 250 | footer = }} {{clear}} ===''Perseverance'' hip ê tôo-siōng === {{multiple image | header = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter deployment: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover and pre-flight testing operations | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Successful deployment on Mars | width1=118 | image2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46.png | caption2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46 | width2=87 | image3 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter rotor blades unlocked for flying | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity on Sol 48.png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' on Sol 48{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} | width4=195 | image5 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption5 = ''Ingenuity'' gives its blades a slow-speed spin up test or 50 rpm test spin on sol 48 | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption6 = ''Ingenuity helicopter'' just after its blades completed a high-speed spin up test or 2400 rpm test spin on Sol 55{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} |width6=153 }} {{multiple image|header= |align=center |dirsctipon=horizontal |width= | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' in shield under rover | width1=160 | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield removed | width2=155 | image3 = Ingenuity on Perseverance rover's belly (cropped).jpg | caption3 = Rover moves away | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption4 = Deployment begins | width4=80 | image5 = Ingenuity vertical under Perseverance rover (cropped).jpg | caption5 = Fully vertical | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption6 = Legs deployed | width6=156 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] l615whpqftcvpraie5jtwdh4qak2q0x 3132874 3132873 2022-08-07T20:46:11Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Hué-tsheñ tíng-kuân ê hui-hîng tshau-tsok */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Ginny'' hip ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Images from ''Ingenuity'' helicopter{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are taken from black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera or horizon-facing terrain camera}} | align = center | direction = horizontal | width = | perrow = 4 | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter's first color image after deployment on April 4, 2021{{efn|name=Legs|''Ingenuity'' legs on both sides of the image along with wheels in top corners}} | width1 = 243 | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter's Shadow On 1st flight.jpg | caption2 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first black-and-white image from the air on its first flight, showing its shadow | width2 = 250 | footer = }} {{clear}} ===''Perseverance'' hip ê tôo-siōng === {{multiple image | header = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter deployment: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover and pre-flight testing operations | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Successful deployment on Mars | width1=118 | image2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46.png | caption2 = Mars helicopter on sol 46 | width2=87 | image3 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter rotor blades unlocked for flying | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity on Sol 48.png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' on Sol 48{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} | width4=195 | image5 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption5 = ''Ingenuity'' gives its blades a slow-speed spin up test or 50 rpm test spin on sol 48 | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption6 = ''Ingenuity helicopter'' just after its blades completed a high-speed spin up test or 2400 rpm test spin on Sol 55{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on Sol 48, that is the image on Sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}} |width6=153 }} {{multiple image|header= |align=center |dirsctipon=horizontal |width= | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' in shield under rover | width1=160 | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield removed | width2=155 | image3 = Ingenuity on Perseverance rover's belly (cropped).jpg | caption3 = Rover moves away | width3=155 | image4 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption4 = Deployment begins | width4=80 | image5 = Ingenuity vertical under Perseverance rover (cropped).jpg | caption5 = Fully vertical | width5=156 | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption6 = Legs deployed | width6=156 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] lmx8nw5en87atqlhk93tyv97ha9ynki 3132875 3132874 2022-08-07T20:48:52Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Perseverance hip ê tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Ginny'' hip ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Images from ''Ingenuity'' helicopter{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are taken from black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera or horizon-facing terrain camera}} | align = center | direction = horizontal | width = | perrow = 4 | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter's first color image after deployment on April 4, 2021{{efn|name=Legs|''Ingenuity'' legs on both sides of the image along with wheels in top corners}} | width1 = 243 | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter's Shadow On 1st flight.jpg | caption2 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first black-and-white image from the air on its first flight, showing its shadow | width2 = 250 | footer = }} {{clear}} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] 03r0r6sl2kmnbmzasymhji14tm75esg 3132876 3132875 2022-08-07T20:51:26Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Perseverance ê tsū-phai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Ginny'' hip ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Images from ''Ingenuity'' helicopter{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are taken from black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera or horizon-facing terrain camera}} | align = center | direction = horizontal | width = | perrow = 4 | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = ''Ingenuity'' helicopter's first color image after deployment on April 4, 2021{{efn|name=Legs|''Ingenuity'' legs on both sides of the image along with wheels in top corners}} | width1 = 243 | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter's Shadow On 1st flight.jpg | caption2 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first black-and-white image from the air on its first flight, showing its shadow | width2 = 250 | footer = }} {{clear}} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ===Miscellaneous ''Ingenuity''-related images=== {{Multiple image | header = | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width=1000 | image1 = Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg | caption1 = Aircraft certification of ''Ingenuity'' to fly on Mars | image3 = PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg | caption3 = "Nominal Pilot's Logbook for Planets and Moons" | image4 = PIA24794-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-Flt9&10-20210816.jpg | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' logbook entries for flights 9 and 10 | image5 = Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png | caption5 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data showing the flight period<br />(19 April 2021) | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif | caption6 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s second flight test data{{efn|This is an animated gif containing sequence of images on second test flight. First image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s rotor power during flight two. Second image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s horizontal position relative to start during flight one hover. Third image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s collective control during flight one. Fourth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s lower cyclic control on flight one. Similar cyclic controls applied on the upper rotor. Fifth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s estimate of vertical velocity during flight two.}}<br />(22 April 2021) | image7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | caption7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia | footer = }} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] nopfxqd0hl2vurnftvo2ubho6a7cxch 3132877 3132876 2022-08-07T20:52:04Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Ginny hip ê tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ===Miscellaneous ''Ingenuity''-related images=== {{Multiple image | header = | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width=1000 | image1 = Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg | caption1 = Aircraft certification of ''Ingenuity'' to fly on Mars | image3 = PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg | caption3 = "Nominal Pilot's Logbook for Planets and Moons" | image4 = PIA24794-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-Flt9&10-20210816.jpg | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' logbook entries for flights 9 and 10 | image5 = Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png | caption5 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data showing the flight period<br />(19 April 2021) | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif | caption6 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s second flight test data{{efn|This is an animated gif containing sequence of images on second test flight. First image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s rotor power during flight two. Second image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s horizontal position relative to start during flight one hover. Third image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s collective control during flight one. Fourth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s lower cyclic control on flight one. Similar cyclic controls applied on the upper rotor. Fifth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s estimate of vertical velocity during flight two.}}<br />(22 April 2021) | image7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | caption7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia | footer = }} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] 8ambopnrb3dtn978mshgbb55y3ejafj 3132878 3132877 2022-08-07T20:54:29Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Perseverance ê tsū-phai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===Images by ''Ingenuity''=== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | header = First Images{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are from either its black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera<ref name="HELI_NAV">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_NAV#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (NAV images)</ref> or from horizon-facing color camera;<ref name="HELI_RTE">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_RTE#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (RTE images)</ref> landing legs are seen at the side edges of images}} | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = The first color image (April 4, 2021){{efn|name=Wheel|''Perseverance'' Rover wheels are clearly seen in top corners}} | image3 = Ingenuity's First Black-and-White Image From the Air.jpg | caption3 = In-flight image (19 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|1.2|m}}) | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter image just before landing after it's first flight.jpg | caption4 = Landing after the first flight (19 April 2021) | image5 = 1st aerial image on mars taken by Ingenuity.jpg | caption5 = First color aerial photo (22 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|5.2|m}}, flight 2) }} {{multiple images |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header=Flights 3-9 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425.jpg | caption1 = Flight 3, rover is seen left-up from the {{cvt|5.0|m}} height | image2 = PIA24628-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-AirfieldB-4thFlight-20210430.jpg | caption2 = Heading towards ''Airfield B'' (flight 4, 30 April 2021) | image3 = PIA24600-Ingenuity flight 6 22-05-2021 Seitah view.jpg | caption3 = Flight 6, view from {{cvt|10|m}} towards Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity Flight 9 over Seitah.png | caption4 = Flight 9, flying over the Séítah (July 5, 2021) }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg | caption1= ''Perseverance'' rover (left) viewed about {{cvt|85|m}} away from {{cvt|5.0|m}} height (April 25, 2021) }}{{multiple images |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | caption_align = center | header = Flights 10–13 | image1 = Ingenuity Flight 10 over the Raised Ridges.png | caption1 = Flight 10 over ridges | image3 = Ingenuity flight 12.png | caption3 = Flight 12 over Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity on sol 193.jpg | caption4 = Flight 13 rover view }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=500 | header = After conjunction: preflight tests and flights 14-16 | image5 = Ingenuity flight 16 sol 268 LMST 12h 34m 57s.png | caption5 = Flight 16 (21 November 2021) |image6=Slide-part-2-pia25021a-1041 01.jpg |caption6= Post-flight 16 rover view }} {{Multiple image | header = Entry-descent-landing debris |footer = ''Ingenuity'' photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 19) and other apparent EDL debris (April 3).<ref name="NYT-20220427">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Sees 'Otherworldly' Wreckage on Mars With Ingenuity Helicopter - The debris was part of the equipment that helped the Perseverance mission safely land on the red planet in 2021. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/27/science/nasa-mars-wreckage-photo.html |date=27 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2022 }}</ref> | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1100 | image1 = PIA25219-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Backshell-20220419.jpg | image2 = PIA25218-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg | image3 = PIA25217-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg |image4=EDL hardware debris captured by Ingenuity.gif |width4=100 | image5= Skycrane captured by Ingenuity Helicopter 02.jpg }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=300 | header = Crater Ridgeline |image1=PIA25220-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-27-FortunRidge-20220423.jpg|caption1=Flight 27 − Fortun Ridge<br />(23 April 2022) }} ====Animations==== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | header = Miscellaneous animations | image3 = PIA24649-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FifthFlightLanding-20210507.gif | caption3 = Landing after fifth flight at Airfield B (7 May 2021) | image4 = Colour Images Taken During Ingenuity's 9th Flight.gif | caption4 = Flight 9, animation from the flight images | image5 = HSF 0163 0681410921 308ECM N0110001HELI00000 000085J Perseverance Spotted By Ingenuity's colour camera On Its 11th Flight.gif | caption5 = Flight 11 rover | image6 = Ingenuity flight 11 route slideshow (10 color frames).gif | caption6 = Flight 11 ten slides }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ===Miscellaneous ''Ingenuity''-related images=== {{Multiple image | header = | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width=1000 | image1 = Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg | caption1 = Aircraft certification of ''Ingenuity'' to fly on Mars | image3 = PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg | caption3 = "Nominal Pilot's Logbook for Planets and Moons" | image4 = PIA24794-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-Flt9&10-20210816.jpg | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' logbook entries for flights 9 and 10 | image5 = Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png | caption5 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data showing the flight period<br />(19 April 2021) | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif | caption6 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s second flight test data{{efn|This is an animated gif containing sequence of images on second test flight. First image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s rotor power during flight two. Second image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s horizontal position relative to start during flight one hover. Third image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s collective control during flight one. Fourth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s lower cyclic control on flight one. Similar cyclic controls applied on the upper rotor. Fifth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s estimate of vertical velocity during flight two.}}<br />(22 April 2021) | image7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | caption7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia | footer = }} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] i4tjsu4pvl8kt7u6qiajlhnviwomm68 3132879 3132878 2022-08-07T20:54:49Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Images by Ingenuity */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===Images by ''Ingenuity''=== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | header = First Images{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are from either its black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera<ref name="HELI_NAV">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_NAV#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (NAV images)</ref> or from horizon-facing color camera;<ref name="HELI_RTE">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_RTE#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (RTE images)</ref> landing legs are seen at the side edges of images}} | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = The first color image (April 4, 2021){{efn|name=Wheel|''Perseverance'' Rover wheels are clearly seen in top corners}} | image3 = Ingenuity's First Black-and-White Image From the Air.jpg | caption3 = In-flight image (19 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|1.2|m}}) | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter image just before landing after it's first flight.jpg | caption4 = Landing after the first flight (19 April 2021) | image5 = 1st aerial image on mars taken by Ingenuity.jpg | caption5 = First color aerial photo (22 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|5.2|m}}, flight 2) }} {{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header=Flights 3-9 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425.jpg | caption1 = Flight 3, rover is seen left-up from the {{cvt|5.0|m}} height | image2 = PIA24628-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-AirfieldB-4thFlight-20210430.jpg | caption2 = Heading towards ''Airfield B'' (flight 4, 30 April 2021) | image3 = PIA24600-Ingenuity flight 6 22-05-2021 Seitah view.jpg | caption3 = Flight 6, view from {{cvt|10|m}} towards Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity Flight 9 over Seitah.png | caption4 = Flight 9, flying over the Séítah (July 5, 2021) }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg | caption1= ''Perseverance'' rover (left) viewed about {{cvt|85|m}} away from {{cvt|5.0|m}} height (April 25, 2021) }}{{multiple images |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | caption_align = center | header = Flights 10–13 | image1 = Ingenuity Flight 10 over the Raised Ridges.png | caption1 = Flight 10 over ridges | image3 = Ingenuity flight 12.png | caption3 = Flight 12 over Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity on sol 193.jpg | caption4 = Flight 13 rover view }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=500 | header = After conjunction: preflight tests and flights 14-16 | image5 = Ingenuity flight 16 sol 268 LMST 12h 34m 57s.png | caption5 = Flight 16 (21 November 2021) |image6=Slide-part-2-pia25021a-1041 01.jpg |caption6= Post-flight 16 rover view }} {{Multiple image | header = Entry-descent-landing debris |footer = ''Ingenuity'' photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 19) and other apparent EDL debris (April 3).<ref name="NYT-20220427">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Sees 'Otherworldly' Wreckage on Mars With Ingenuity Helicopter - The debris was part of the equipment that helped the Perseverance mission safely land on the red planet in 2021. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/27/science/nasa-mars-wreckage-photo.html |date=27 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2022 }}</ref> | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1100 | image1 = PIA25219-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Backshell-20220419.jpg | image2 = PIA25218-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg | image3 = PIA25217-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg |image4=EDL hardware debris captured by Ingenuity.gif |width4=100 | image5= Skycrane captured by Ingenuity Helicopter 02.jpg }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=300 | header = Crater Ridgeline |image1=PIA25220-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-27-FortunRidge-20220423.jpg|caption1=Flight 27 − Fortun Ridge<br />(23 April 2022) }} ====Animations==== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | header = Miscellaneous animations | image3 = PIA24649-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FifthFlightLanding-20210507.gif | caption3 = Landing after fifth flight at Airfield B (7 May 2021) | image4 = Colour Images Taken During Ingenuity's 9th Flight.gif | caption4 = Flight 9, animation from the flight images | image5 = HSF 0163 0681410921 308ECM N0110001HELI00000 000085J Perseverance Spotted By Ingenuity's colour camera On Its 11th Flight.gif | caption5 = Flight 11 rover | image6 = Ingenuity flight 11 route slideshow (10 color frames).gif | caption6 = Flight 11 ten slides }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ===Miscellaneous ''Ingenuity''-related images=== {{Multiple image | header = | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width=1000 | image1 = Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg | caption1 = Aircraft certification of ''Ingenuity'' to fly on Mars | image3 = PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg | caption3 = "Nominal Pilot's Logbook for Planets and Moons" | image4 = PIA24794-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-Flt9&10-20210816.jpg | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' logbook entries for flights 9 and 10 | image5 = Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png | caption5 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data showing the flight period<br />(19 April 2021) | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif | caption6 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s second flight test data{{efn|This is an animated gif containing sequence of images on second test flight. First image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s rotor power during flight two. Second image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s horizontal position relative to start during flight one hover. Third image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s collective control during flight one. Fourth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s lower cyclic control on flight one. Similar cyclic controls applied on the upper rotor. Fifth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s estimate of vertical velocity during flight two.}}<br />(22 April 2021) | image7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | caption7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia | footer = }} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] 99why9hliftfaoxahqeqnshwpfompz0 3132880 3132879 2022-08-07T20:55:27Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Images by Ingenuity */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===Images by ''Ingenuity''=== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | header = First Images{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are from either its black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera<ref name="HELI_NAV">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_NAV#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (NAV images)</ref> or from horizon-facing color camera;<ref name="HELI_RTE">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_RTE#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (RTE images)</ref> landing legs are seen at the side edges of images}} | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = The first color image (April 4, 2021){{efn|name=Wheel|''Perseverance'' Rover wheels are clearly seen in top corners}} | image3 = Ingenuity's First Black-and-White Image From the Air.jpg | caption3 = In-flight image (19 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|1.2|m}}) | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter image just before landing after it's first flight.jpg | caption4 = Landing after the first flight (19 April 2021) | image5 = 1st aerial image on mars taken by Ingenuity.jpg | caption5 = First color aerial photo (22 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|5.2|m}}, flight 2) }} {{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header=Flights 3-9 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425.jpg | caption1 = Flight 3, rover is seen left-up from the {{cvt|5.0|m}} height | image2 = PIA24628-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-AirfieldB-4thFlight-20210430.jpg | caption2 = Heading towards ''Airfield B'' (flight 4, 30 April 2021) | image3 = PIA24600-Ingenuity flight 6 22-05-2021 Seitah view.jpg | caption3 = Flight 6, view from {{cvt|10|m}} towards Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity Flight 9 over Seitah.png | caption4 = Flight 9, flying over the Séítah (July 5, 2021) }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg | caption1= ''Perseverance'' rover (left) viewed about {{cvt|85|m}} away from {{cvt|5.0|m}} height (April 25, 2021) }}{{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | caption_align = center | header = Flights 10–13 | image1 = Ingenuity Flight 10 over the Raised Ridges.png | caption1 = Flight 10 over ridges | image3 = Ingenuity flight 12.png | caption3 = Flight 12 over Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity on sol 193.jpg | caption4 = Flight 13 rover view }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=500 | header = After conjunction: preflight tests and flights 14-16 | image5 = Ingenuity flight 16 sol 268 LMST 12h 34m 57s.png | caption5 = Flight 16 (21 November 2021) |image6=Slide-part-2-pia25021a-1041 01.jpg |caption6= Post-flight 16 rover view }} {{Multiple image | header = Entry-descent-landing debris |footer = ''Ingenuity'' photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 19) and other apparent EDL debris (April 3).<ref name="NYT-20220427">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Sees 'Otherworldly' Wreckage on Mars With Ingenuity Helicopter - The debris was part of the equipment that helped the Perseverance mission safely land on the red planet in 2021. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/27/science/nasa-mars-wreckage-photo.html |date=27 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2022 }}</ref> | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1100 | image1 = PIA25219-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Backshell-20220419.jpg | image2 = PIA25218-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg | image3 = PIA25217-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg |image4=EDL hardware debris captured by Ingenuity.gif |width4=100 | image5= Skycrane captured by Ingenuity Helicopter 02.jpg }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=300 | header = Crater Ridgeline |image1=PIA25220-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-27-FortunRidge-20220423.jpg|caption1=Flight 27 − Fortun Ridge<br />(23 April 2022) }} ====Animations==== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | header = Miscellaneous animations | image3 = PIA24649-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FifthFlightLanding-20210507.gif | caption3 = Landing after fifth flight at Airfield B (7 May 2021) | image4 = Colour Images Taken During Ingenuity's 9th Flight.gif | caption4 = Flight 9, animation from the flight images | image5 = HSF 0163 0681410921 308ECM N0110001HELI00000 000085J Perseverance Spotted By Ingenuity's colour camera On Its 11th Flight.gif | caption5 = Flight 11 rover | image6 = Ingenuity flight 11 route slideshow (10 color frames).gif | caption6 = Flight 11 ten slides }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ===Miscellaneous ''Ingenuity''-related images=== {{Multiple image | header = | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width=1000 | image1 = Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg | caption1 = Aircraft certification of ''Ingenuity'' to fly on Mars | image3 = PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg | caption3 = "Nominal Pilot's Logbook for Planets and Moons" | image4 = PIA24794-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-Flt9&10-20210816.jpg | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' logbook entries for flights 9 and 10 | image5 = Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png | caption5 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data showing the flight period<br />(19 April 2021) | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif | caption6 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s second flight test data{{efn|This is an animated gif containing sequence of images on second test flight. First image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s rotor power during flight two. Second image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s horizontal position relative to start during flight one hover. Third image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s collective control during flight one. Fourth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s lower cyclic control on flight one. Similar cyclic controls applied on the upper rotor. Fifth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s estimate of vertical velocity during flight two.}}<br />(22 April 2021) | image7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | caption7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia | footer = }} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo== {{Features and artificial objects on Mars}} {{Features and memorials on Mars}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] 9erwzy49rhgtq5qsgn6oxh2w9jl5xus 3132881 3132880 2022-08-07T20:56:06Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Hué-tsheñ ting-lio̍k tē-tiám-tôo */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===Images by ''Ingenuity''=== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | header = First Images{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are from either its black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera<ref name="HELI_NAV">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_NAV#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (NAV images)</ref> or from horizon-facing color camera;<ref name="HELI_RTE">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_RTE#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (RTE images)</ref> landing legs are seen at the side edges of images}} | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = The first color image (April 4, 2021){{efn|name=Wheel|''Perseverance'' Rover wheels are clearly seen in top corners}} | image3 = Ingenuity's First Black-and-White Image From the Air.jpg | caption3 = In-flight image (19 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|1.2|m}}) | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter image just before landing after it's first flight.jpg | caption4 = Landing after the first flight (19 April 2021) | image5 = 1st aerial image on mars taken by Ingenuity.jpg | caption5 = First color aerial photo (22 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|5.2|m}}, flight 2) }} {{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header=Flights 3-9 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425.jpg | caption1 = Flight 3, rover is seen left-up from the {{cvt|5.0|m}} height | image2 = PIA24628-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-AirfieldB-4thFlight-20210430.jpg | caption2 = Heading towards ''Airfield B'' (flight 4, 30 April 2021) | image3 = PIA24600-Ingenuity flight 6 22-05-2021 Seitah view.jpg | caption3 = Flight 6, view from {{cvt|10|m}} towards Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity Flight 9 over Seitah.png | caption4 = Flight 9, flying over the Séítah (July 5, 2021) }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg | caption1= ''Perseverance'' rover (left) viewed about {{cvt|85|m}} away from {{cvt|5.0|m}} height (April 25, 2021) }}{{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | caption_align = center | header = Flights 10–13 | image1 = Ingenuity Flight 10 over the Raised Ridges.png | caption1 = Flight 10 over ridges | image3 = Ingenuity flight 12.png | caption3 = Flight 12 over Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity on sol 193.jpg | caption4 = Flight 13 rover view }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=500 | header = After conjunction: preflight tests and flights 14-16 | image5 = Ingenuity flight 16 sol 268 LMST 12h 34m 57s.png | caption5 = Flight 16 (21 November 2021) |image6=Slide-part-2-pia25021a-1041 01.jpg |caption6= Post-flight 16 rover view }} {{Multiple image | header = Entry-descent-landing debris |footer = ''Ingenuity'' photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 19) and other apparent EDL debris (April 3).<ref name="NYT-20220427">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Sees 'Otherworldly' Wreckage on Mars With Ingenuity Helicopter - The debris was part of the equipment that helped the Perseverance mission safely land on the red planet in 2021. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/27/science/nasa-mars-wreckage-photo.html |date=27 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2022 }}</ref> | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1100 | image1 = PIA25219-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Backshell-20220419.jpg | image2 = PIA25218-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg | image3 = PIA25217-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg |image4=EDL hardware debris captured by Ingenuity.gif |width4=100 | image5= Skycrane captured by Ingenuity Helicopter 02.jpg }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=300 | header = Crater Ridgeline |image1=PIA25220-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-27-FortunRidge-20220423.jpg|caption1=Flight 27 − Fortun Ridge<br />(23 April 2022) }} ====Animations==== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | header = Miscellaneous animations | image3 = PIA24649-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FifthFlightLanding-20210507.gif | caption3 = Landing after fifth flight at Airfield B (7 May 2021) | image4 = Colour Images Taken During Ingenuity's 9th Flight.gif | caption4 = Flight 9, animation from the flight images | image5 = HSF 0163 0681410921 308ECM N0110001HELI00000 000085J Perseverance Spotted By Ingenuity's colour camera On Its 11th Flight.gif | caption5 = Flight 11 rover | image6 = Ingenuity flight 11 route slideshow (10 color frames).gif | caption6 = Flight 11 ten slides }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ===Miscellaneous ''Ingenuity''-related images=== {{Multiple image | header = | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width=1000 | image1 = Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg | caption1 = Aircraft certification of ''Ingenuity'' to fly on Mars | image3 = PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg | caption3 = "Nominal Pilot's Logbook for Planets and Moons" | image4 = PIA24794-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-Flt9&10-20210816.jpg | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' logbook entries for flights 9 and 10 | image5 = Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png | caption5 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data showing the flight period<br />(19 April 2021) | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif | caption6 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s second flight test data{{efn|This is an animated gif containing sequence of images on second test flight. First image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s rotor power during flight two. Second image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s horizontal position relative to start during flight one hover. Third image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s collective control during flight one. Fourth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s lower cyclic control on flight one. Similar cyclic controls applied on the upper rotor. Fifth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s estimate of vertical velocity during flight two.}}<br />(22 April 2021) | image7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | caption7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia | footer = }} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] sjhqyod02g44h0os9b6zgykdjb0ndxp 3132882 3132881 2022-08-07T20:57:00Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsù-kái */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===Images by ''Ingenuity''=== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | header = First Images{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are from either its black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera<ref name="HELI_NAV">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_NAV#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (NAV images)</ref> or from horizon-facing color camera;<ref name="HELI_RTE">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_RTE#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (RTE images)</ref> landing legs are seen at the side edges of images}} | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = The first color image (April 4, 2021){{efn|name=Wheel|''Perseverance'' Rover wheels are clearly seen in top corners}} | image3 = Ingenuity's First Black-and-White Image From the Air.jpg | caption3 = In-flight image (19 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|1.2|m}}) | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter image just before landing after it's first flight.jpg | caption4 = Landing after the first flight (19 April 2021) | image5 = 1st aerial image on mars taken by Ingenuity.jpg | caption5 = First color aerial photo (22 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|5.2|m}}, flight 2) }} {{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header=Flights 3-9 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425.jpg | caption1 = Flight 3, rover is seen left-up from the {{cvt|5.0|m}} height | image2 = PIA24628-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-AirfieldB-4thFlight-20210430.jpg | caption2 = Heading towards ''Airfield B'' (flight 4, 30 April 2021) | image3 = PIA24600-Ingenuity flight 6 22-05-2021 Seitah view.jpg | caption3 = Flight 6, view from {{cvt|10|m}} towards Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity Flight 9 over Seitah.png | caption4 = Flight 9, flying over the Séítah (July 5, 2021) }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg | caption1= ''Perseverance'' rover (left) viewed about {{cvt|85|m}} away from {{cvt|5.0|m}} height (April 25, 2021) }}{{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | caption_align = center | header = Flights 10–13 | image1 = Ingenuity Flight 10 over the Raised Ridges.png | caption1 = Flight 10 over ridges | image3 = Ingenuity flight 12.png | caption3 = Flight 12 over Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity on sol 193.jpg | caption4 = Flight 13 rover view }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=500 | header = After conjunction: preflight tests and flights 14-16 | image5 = Ingenuity flight 16 sol 268 LMST 12h 34m 57s.png | caption5 = Flight 16 (21 November 2021) |image6=Slide-part-2-pia25021a-1041 01.jpg |caption6= Post-flight 16 rover view }} {{Multiple image | header = Entry-descent-landing debris |footer = ''Ingenuity'' photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 19) and other apparent EDL debris (April 3).<ref name="NYT-20220427">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Sees 'Otherworldly' Wreckage on Mars With Ingenuity Helicopter - The debris was part of the equipment that helped the Perseverance mission safely land on the red planet in 2021. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/27/science/nasa-mars-wreckage-photo.html |date=27 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2022 }}</ref> | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1100 | image1 = PIA25219-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Backshell-20220419.jpg | image2 = PIA25218-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg | image3 = PIA25217-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg |image4=EDL hardware debris captured by Ingenuity.gif |width4=100 | image5= Skycrane captured by Ingenuity Helicopter 02.jpg }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=300 | header = Crater Ridgeline |image1=PIA25220-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-27-FortunRidge-20220423.jpg|caption1=Flight 27 − Fortun Ridge<br />(23 April 2022) }} ====Animations==== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | header = Miscellaneous animations | image3 = PIA24649-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FifthFlightLanding-20210507.gif | caption3 = Landing after fifth flight at Airfield B (7 May 2021) | image4 = Colour Images Taken During Ingenuity's 9th Flight.gif | caption4 = Flight 9, animation from the flight images | image5 = HSF 0163 0681410921 308ECM N0110001HELI00000 000085J Perseverance Spotted By Ingenuity's colour camera On Its 11th Flight.gif | caption5 = Flight 11 rover | image6 = Ingenuity flight 11 route slideshow (10 color frames).gif | caption6 = Flight 11 ten slides }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ===Miscellaneous ''Ingenuity''-related images=== {{Multiple image | header = | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width=1000 | image1 = Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg | caption1 = Aircraft certification of ''Ingenuity'' to fly on Mars | image3 = PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg | caption3 = "Nominal Pilot's Logbook for Planets and Moons" | image4 = PIA24794-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-Flt9&10-20210816.jpg | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' logbook entries for flights 9 and 10 | image5 = Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png | caption5 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data showing the flight period<br />(19 April 2021) | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif | caption6 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s second flight test data{{efn|This is an animated gif containing sequence of images on second test flight. First image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s rotor power during flight two. Second image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s horizontal position relative to start during flight one hover. Third image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s collective control during flight one. Fourth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s lower cyclic control on flight one. Similar cyclic controls applied on the upper rotor. Fifth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s estimate of vertical velocity during flight two.}}<br />(22 April 2021) | image7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | caption7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia | footer = }} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Tsù-sik== {{Reflist}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] lcl213ovbkx7yj589qjs14vox28x15a 3132883 3132882 2022-08-07T20:57:25Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsù-sik */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===Images by ''Ingenuity''=== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | header = First Images{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are from either its black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera<ref name="HELI_NAV">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_NAV#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (NAV images)</ref> or from horizon-facing color camera;<ref name="HELI_RTE">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_RTE#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (RTE images)</ref> landing legs are seen at the side edges of images}} | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = The first color image (April 4, 2021){{efn|name=Wheel|''Perseverance'' Rover wheels are clearly seen in top corners}} | image3 = Ingenuity's First Black-and-White Image From the Air.jpg | caption3 = In-flight image (19 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|1.2|m}}) | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter image just before landing after it's first flight.jpg | caption4 = Landing after the first flight (19 April 2021) | image5 = 1st aerial image on mars taken by Ingenuity.jpg | caption5 = First color aerial photo (22 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|5.2|m}}, flight 2) }} {{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header=Flights 3-9 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425.jpg | caption1 = Flight 3, rover is seen left-up from the {{cvt|5.0|m}} height | image2 = PIA24628-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-AirfieldB-4thFlight-20210430.jpg | caption2 = Heading towards ''Airfield B'' (flight 4, 30 April 2021) | image3 = PIA24600-Ingenuity flight 6 22-05-2021 Seitah view.jpg | caption3 = Flight 6, view from {{cvt|10|m}} towards Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity Flight 9 over Seitah.png | caption4 = Flight 9, flying over the Séítah (July 5, 2021) }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg | caption1= ''Perseverance'' rover (left) viewed about {{cvt|85|m}} away from {{cvt|5.0|m}} height (April 25, 2021) }}{{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | caption_align = center | header = Flights 10–13 | image1 = Ingenuity Flight 10 over the Raised Ridges.png | caption1 = Flight 10 over ridges | image3 = Ingenuity flight 12.png | caption3 = Flight 12 over Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity on sol 193.jpg | caption4 = Flight 13 rover view }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=500 | header = After conjunction: preflight tests and flights 14-16 | image5 = Ingenuity flight 16 sol 268 LMST 12h 34m 57s.png | caption5 = Flight 16 (21 November 2021) |image6=Slide-part-2-pia25021a-1041 01.jpg |caption6= Post-flight 16 rover view }} {{Multiple image | header = Entry-descent-landing debris |footer = ''Ingenuity'' photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 19) and other apparent EDL debris (April 3).<ref name="NYT-20220427">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Sees 'Otherworldly' Wreckage on Mars With Ingenuity Helicopter - The debris was part of the equipment that helped the Perseverance mission safely land on the red planet in 2021. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/27/science/nasa-mars-wreckage-photo.html |date=27 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2022 }}</ref> | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1100 | image1 = PIA25219-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Backshell-20220419.jpg | image2 = PIA25218-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg | image3 = PIA25217-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg |image4=EDL hardware debris captured by Ingenuity.gif |width4=100 | image5= Skycrane captured by Ingenuity Helicopter 02.jpg }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=300 | header = Crater Ridgeline |image1=PIA25220-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-27-FortunRidge-20220423.jpg|caption1=Flight 27 − Fortun Ridge<br />(23 April 2022) }} ====Animations==== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | header = Miscellaneous animations | image3 = PIA24649-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FifthFlightLanding-20210507.gif | caption3 = Landing after fifth flight at Airfield B (7 May 2021) | image4 = Colour Images Taken During Ingenuity's 9th Flight.gif | caption4 = Flight 9, animation from the flight images | image5 = HSF 0163 0681410921 308ECM N0110001HELI00000 000085J Perseverance Spotted By Ingenuity's colour camera On Its 11th Flight.gif | caption5 = Flight 11 rover | image6 = Ingenuity flight 11 route slideshow (10 color frames).gif | caption6 = Flight 11 ten slides }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ===Miscellaneous ''Ingenuity''-related images=== {{Multiple image | header = | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width=1000 | image1 = Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg | caption1 = Aircraft certification of ''Ingenuity'' to fly on Mars | image3 = PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg | caption3 = "Nominal Pilot's Logbook for Planets and Moons" | image4 = PIA24794-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-Flt9&10-20210816.jpg | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' logbook entries for flights 9 and 10 | image5 = Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png | caption5 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data showing the flight period<br />(19 April 2021) | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif | caption6 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s second flight test data{{efn|This is an animated gif containing sequence of images on second test flight. First image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s rotor power during flight two. Second image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s horizontal position relative to start during flight one hover. Third image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s collective control during flight one. Fourth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s lower cyclic control on flight one. Similar cyclic controls applied on the upper rotor. Fifth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s estimate of vertical velocity during flight two.}}<br />(22 April 2021) | image7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | caption7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia | footer = }} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] sjhqyod02g44h0os9b6zgykdjb0ndxp 3132884 3132883 2022-08-07T20:58:18Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsù-kái */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===Images by ''Ingenuity''=== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | header = First Images{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are from either its black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera<ref name="HELI_NAV">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_NAV#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (NAV images)</ref> or from horizon-facing color camera;<ref name="HELI_RTE">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_RTE#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (RTE images)</ref> landing legs are seen at the side edges of images}} | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = The first color image (April 4, 2021){{efn|name=Wheel|''Perseverance'' Rover wheels are clearly seen in top corners}} | image3 = Ingenuity's First Black-and-White Image From the Air.jpg | caption3 = In-flight image (19 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|1.2|m}}) | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter image just before landing after it's first flight.jpg | caption4 = Landing after the first flight (19 April 2021) | image5 = 1st aerial image on mars taken by Ingenuity.jpg | caption5 = First color aerial photo (22 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|5.2|m}}, flight 2) }} {{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header=Flights 3-9 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425.jpg | caption1 = Flight 3, rover is seen left-up from the {{cvt|5.0|m}} height | image2 = PIA24628-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-AirfieldB-4thFlight-20210430.jpg | caption2 = Heading towards ''Airfield B'' (flight 4, 30 April 2021) | image3 = PIA24600-Ingenuity flight 6 22-05-2021 Seitah view.jpg | caption3 = Flight 6, view from {{cvt|10|m}} towards Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity Flight 9 over Seitah.png | caption4 = Flight 9, flying over the Séítah (July 5, 2021) }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg | caption1= ''Perseverance'' rover (left) viewed about {{cvt|85|m}} away from {{cvt|5.0|m}} height (April 25, 2021) }}{{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | caption_align = center | header = Flights 10–13 | image1 = Ingenuity Flight 10 over the Raised Ridges.png | caption1 = Flight 10 over ridges | image3 = Ingenuity flight 12.png | caption3 = Flight 12 over Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity on sol 193.jpg | caption4 = Flight 13 rover view }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=500 | header = After conjunction: preflight tests and flights 14-16 | image5 = Ingenuity flight 16 sol 268 LMST 12h 34m 57s.png | caption5 = Flight 16 (21 November 2021) |image6=Slide-part-2-pia25021a-1041 01.jpg |caption6= Post-flight 16 rover view }} {{Multiple image | header = Entry-descent-landing debris |footer = ''Ingenuity'' photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 19) and other apparent EDL debris (April 3).<ref name="NYT-20220427">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Sees 'Otherworldly' Wreckage on Mars With Ingenuity Helicopter - The debris was part of the equipment that helped the Perseverance mission safely land on the red planet in 2021. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/27/science/nasa-mars-wreckage-photo.html |date=27 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2022 }}</ref> | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1100 | image1 = PIA25219-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Backshell-20220419.jpg | image2 = PIA25218-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg | image3 = PIA25217-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg |image4=EDL hardware debris captured by Ingenuity.gif |width4=100 | image5= Skycrane captured by Ingenuity Helicopter 02.jpg }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=300 | header = Crater Ridgeline |image1=PIA25220-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-27-FortunRidge-20220423.jpg|caption1=Flight 27 − Fortun Ridge<br />(23 April 2022) }} ====Animations==== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | header = Miscellaneous animations | image3 = PIA24649-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FifthFlightLanding-20210507.gif | caption3 = Landing after fifth flight at Airfield B (7 May 2021) | image4 = Colour Images Taken During Ingenuity's 9th Flight.gif | caption4 = Flight 9, animation from the flight images | image5 = HSF 0163 0681410921 308ECM N0110001HELI00000 000085J Perseverance Spotted By Ingenuity's colour camera On Its 11th Flight.gif | caption5 = Flight 11 rover | image6 = Ingenuity flight 11 route slideshow (10 color frames).gif | caption6 = Flight 11 ten slides }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ===Miscellaneous ''Ingenuity''-related images=== {{Multiple image | header = | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width=1000 | image1 = Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg | caption1 = Aircraft certification of ''Ingenuity'' to fly on Mars | image3 = PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg | caption3 = "Nominal Pilot's Logbook for Planets and Moons" | image4 = PIA24794-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-Flt9&10-20210816.jpg | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' logbook entries for flights 9 and 10 | image5 = Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png | caption5 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data showing the flight period<br />(19 April 2021) | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif | caption6 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s second flight test data{{efn|This is an animated gif containing sequence of images on second test flight. First image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s rotor power during flight two. Second image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s horizontal position relative to start during flight one hover. Third image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s collective control during flight one. Fourth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s lower cyclic control on flight one. Similar cyclic controls applied on the upper rotor. Fifth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s estimate of vertical velocity during flight two.}}<br />(22 April 2021) | image7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | caption7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia | footer = }} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Tsù-sik== {{notelist}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] 35f11f4ckz8d3ce3lo0yg5yqgsutuon 3132885 3132884 2022-08-07T21:00:18Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Sing-pîn */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===Images by ''Ingenuity''=== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | header = First Images{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are from either its black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera<ref name="HELI_NAV">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_NAV#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (NAV images)</ref> or from horizon-facing color camera;<ref name="HELI_RTE">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_RTE#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (RTE images)</ref> landing legs are seen at the side edges of images}} | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = The first color image (April 4, 2021){{efn|name=Wheel|''Perseverance'' Rover wheels are clearly seen in top corners}} | image3 = Ingenuity's First Black-and-White Image From the Air.jpg | caption3 = In-flight image (19 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|1.2|m}}) | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter image just before landing after it's first flight.jpg | caption4 = Landing after the first flight (19 April 2021) | image5 = 1st aerial image on mars taken by Ingenuity.jpg | caption5 = First color aerial photo (22 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|5.2|m}}, flight 2) }} {{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header=Flights 3-9 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425.jpg | caption1 = Flight 3, rover is seen left-up from the {{cvt|5.0|m}} height | image2 = PIA24628-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-AirfieldB-4thFlight-20210430.jpg | caption2 = Heading towards ''Airfield B'' (flight 4, 30 April 2021) | image3 = PIA24600-Ingenuity flight 6 22-05-2021 Seitah view.jpg | caption3 = Flight 6, view from {{cvt|10|m}} towards Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity Flight 9 over Seitah.png | caption4 = Flight 9, flying over the Séítah (July 5, 2021) }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg | caption1= ''Perseverance'' rover (left) viewed about {{cvt|85|m}} away from {{cvt|5.0|m}} height (April 25, 2021) }}{{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | caption_align = center | header = Flights 10–13 | image1 = Ingenuity Flight 10 over the Raised Ridges.png | caption1 = Flight 10 over ridges | image3 = Ingenuity flight 12.png | caption3 = Flight 12 over Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity on sol 193.jpg | caption4 = Flight 13 rover view }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=500 | header = After conjunction: preflight tests and flights 14-16 | image5 = Ingenuity flight 16 sol 268 LMST 12h 34m 57s.png | caption5 = Flight 16 (21 November 2021) |image6=Slide-part-2-pia25021a-1041 01.jpg |caption6= Post-flight 16 rover view }} {{Multiple image | header = Entry-descent-landing debris |footer = ''Ingenuity'' photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 19) and other apparent EDL debris (April 3).<ref name="NYT-20220427">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Sees 'Otherworldly' Wreckage on Mars With Ingenuity Helicopter - The debris was part of the equipment that helped the Perseverance mission safely land on the red planet in 2021. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/27/science/nasa-mars-wreckage-photo.html |date=27 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2022 }}</ref> | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1100 | image1 = PIA25219-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Backshell-20220419.jpg | image2 = PIA25218-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg | image3 = PIA25217-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg |image4=EDL hardware debris captured by Ingenuity.gif |width4=100 | image5= Skycrane captured by Ingenuity Helicopter 02.jpg }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=300 | header = Crater Ridgeline |image1=PIA25220-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-27-FortunRidge-20220423.jpg|caption1=Flight 27 − Fortun Ridge<br />(23 April 2022) }} ====Animations==== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | header = Miscellaneous animations | image3 = PIA24649-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FifthFlightLanding-20210507.gif | caption3 = Landing after fifth flight at Airfield B (7 May 2021) | image4 = Colour Images Taken During Ingenuity's 9th Flight.gif | caption4 = Flight 9, animation from the flight images | image5 = HSF 0163 0681410921 308ECM N0110001HELI00000 000085J Perseverance Spotted By Ingenuity's colour camera On Its 11th Flight.gif | caption5 = Flight 11 rover | image6 = Ingenuity flight 11 route slideshow (10 color frames).gif | caption6 = Flight 11 ten slides }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ===Miscellaneous ''Ingenuity''-related images=== {{Multiple image | header = | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width=1000 | image1 = Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg | caption1 = Aircraft certification of ''Ingenuity'' to fly on Mars | image3 = PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg | caption3 = "Nominal Pilot's Logbook for Planets and Moons" | image4 = PIA24794-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-Flt9&10-20210816.jpg | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' logbook entries for flights 9 and 10 | image5 = Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png | caption5 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data showing the flight period<br />(19 April 2021) | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif | caption6 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s second flight test data{{efn|This is an animated gif containing sequence of images on second test flight. First image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s rotor power during flight two. Second image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s horizontal position relative to start during flight one hover. Third image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s collective control during flight one. Fourth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s lower cyclic control on flight one. Similar cyclic controls applied on the upper rotor. Fifth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s estimate of vertical velocity during flight two.}}<br />(22 April 2021) | image7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | caption7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia | footer = }} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Tsù-sik== {{notelist}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] o2de9tqscvop9kgxlox6vbvbrrq7x1d 3132886 3132885 2022-08-07T21:00:42Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Sing-pîn */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===Images by ''Ingenuity''=== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | header = First Images{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are from either its black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera<ref name="HELI_NAV">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_NAV#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (NAV images)</ref> or from horizon-facing color camera;<ref name="HELI_RTE">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_RTE#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (RTE images)</ref> landing legs are seen at the side edges of images}} | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = The first color image (April 4, 2021){{efn|name=Wheel|''Perseverance'' Rover wheels are clearly seen in top corners}} | image3 = Ingenuity's First Black-and-White Image From the Air.jpg | caption3 = In-flight image (19 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|1.2|m}}) | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter image just before landing after it's first flight.jpg | caption4 = Landing after the first flight (19 April 2021) | image5 = 1st aerial image on mars taken by Ingenuity.jpg | caption5 = First color aerial photo (22 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|5.2|m}}, flight 2) }} {{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header=Flights 3-9 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425.jpg | caption1 = Flight 3, rover is seen left-up from the {{cvt|5.0|m}} height | image2 = PIA24628-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-AirfieldB-4thFlight-20210430.jpg | caption2 = Heading towards ''Airfield B'' (flight 4, 30 April 2021) | image3 = PIA24600-Ingenuity flight 6 22-05-2021 Seitah view.jpg | caption3 = Flight 6, view from {{cvt|10|m}} towards Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity Flight 9 over Seitah.png | caption4 = Flight 9, flying over the Séítah (July 5, 2021) }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg | caption1= ''Perseverance'' rover (left) viewed about {{cvt|85|m}} away from {{cvt|5.0|m}} height (April 25, 2021) }}{{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | caption_align = center | header = Flights 10–13 | image1 = Ingenuity Flight 10 over the Raised Ridges.png | caption1 = Flight 10 over ridges | image3 = Ingenuity flight 12.png | caption3 = Flight 12 over Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity on sol 193.jpg | caption4 = Flight 13 rover view }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=500 | header = After conjunction: preflight tests and flights 14-16 | image5 = Ingenuity flight 16 sol 268 LMST 12h 34m 57s.png | caption5 = Flight 16 (21 November 2021) |image6=Slide-part-2-pia25021a-1041 01.jpg |caption6= Post-flight 16 rover view }} {{Multiple image | header = Entry-descent-landing debris |footer = ''Ingenuity'' photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 19) and other apparent EDL debris (April 3).<ref name="NYT-20220427">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Sees 'Otherworldly' Wreckage on Mars With Ingenuity Helicopter - The debris was part of the equipment that helped the Perseverance mission safely land on the red planet in 2021. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/27/science/nasa-mars-wreckage-photo.html |date=27 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2022 }}</ref> | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1100 | image1 = PIA25219-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Backshell-20220419.jpg | image2 = PIA25218-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg | image3 = PIA25217-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg |image4=EDL hardware debris captured by Ingenuity.gif |width4=100 | image5= Skycrane captured by Ingenuity Helicopter 02.jpg }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=300 | header = Crater Ridgeline |image1=PIA25220-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-27-FortunRidge-20220423.jpg|caption1=Flight 27 − Fortun Ridge<br />(23 April 2022) }} ====Animations==== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | header = Miscellaneous animations | image3 = PIA24649-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FifthFlightLanding-20210507.gif | caption3 = Landing after fifth flight at Airfield B (7 May 2021) | image4 = Colour Images Taken During Ingenuity's 9th Flight.gif | caption4 = Flight 9, animation from the flight images | image5 = HSF 0163 0681410921 308ECM N0110001HELI00000 000085J Perseverance Spotted By Ingenuity's colour camera On Its 11th Flight.gif | caption5 = Flight 11 rover | image6 = Ingenuity flight 11 route slideshow (10 color frames).gif | caption6 = Flight 11 ten slides }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ===Miscellaneous ''Ingenuity''-related images=== {{Multiple image | header = | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width=1000 | image1 = Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg | caption1 = Aircraft certification of ''Ingenuity'' to fly on Mars | image3 = PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg | caption3 = "Nominal Pilot's Logbook for Planets and Moons" | image4 = PIA24794-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-Flt9&10-20210816.jpg | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' logbook entries for flights 9 and 10 | image5 = Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png | caption5 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data showing the flight period<br />(19 April 2021) | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif | caption6 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s second flight test data{{efn|This is an animated gif containing sequence of images on second test flight. First image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s rotor power during flight two. Second image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s horizontal position relative to start during flight one hover. Third image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s collective control during flight one. Fourth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s lower cyclic control on flight one. Similar cyclic controls applied on the upper rotor. Fifth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s estimate of vertical velocity during flight two.}}<br />(22 April 2021) | image7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | caption7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia | footer = }} ==Huat-tén== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Tsù-sik== {{notelist}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] 35f11f4ckz8d3ce3lo0yg5yqgsutuon 3132887 3132886 2022-08-07T21:02:22Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Huat-tén */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox individual space vehicle | name = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki<br>{{small|(Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki)}} | other_names = {{unbulleted list|[[Mars 2020]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]|''Ginny''}} | names_list = | image = File:PIA23882-MarsHelicopterIngenuity-20200429 (trsp).png | caption = ''Ingenuity'' ti̍t-sing-ki ê [[Contre-jour|tsén-íng]] | image_size = 345px | mission = [[Mars 2020]] | type = [[Bû-jîn hâng-khong-ki|BHK]] [[ti̍t-seng-ki]] | manufacturer = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] | launch_date = 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 30-li̍t, 11:50:00 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] | launch_rocket = [[Atlas V]] 541 (AV-088) | launch_site = [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station|Cape Canaveral]], [[Cape Canaveral Space Launch Complex 41|SLC-41]] | launch_contractor = [[United Launch Alliance]] | landing_mass = {{Unbulleted list | Tsóng-kiōng: {{cvt|1.8|kg}}<ref name="landing press kit">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf|title=Ingenuity Mars Helicopter Landing Press Kit |publisher=NASA|date=January 2021|access-date=14 February 2021|archive-date=18 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218072916/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/mars_2020/download/ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | [[Tiān-tî|Tēn-tî]]: {{cvt|273|g}} }} | dimensions = {{Unbulleted list | [[Ki-sin]]: {{cvt|13.6|x|19.5|x|16.3|cm}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> | Tsiūñ-lio̍k kha-kè: {{cvt|0.384|m}}<ref name='landing press kit' /> }} | diameter = [[Soan-e̍k|Suan-i̍k]]: {{cvt|4|ft|order=flip}}<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name='Aung May2018'>{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/05/14/helicopter-to-accompany-nasas-next-mars-rover-to-red-planet/|title=Helicopter to accompany NASA's next Mars rover to Red Planet|first=Stephen|last=Clarke |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=14 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="fact sheet"/> | height = {{cvt|0.49|m}}<ref name='landing press kit'/> | power = 350-[[Óa|uá]]<ref name='landing press kit'/><ref name="official website">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter|website=mars.nasa.gov|publisher=NASA|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ |access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416082901/https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/|archive-date=16 April 2020}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> | landing_date = 2021-nî 2-gue̍h 18-li̍t, 20:55 UTC | landing_site = {{coord|18.4447|N|77.4508|E|globe:Mars}},<br/>[[Jezero lòng-kek-kheⁿ|Jezero lòng-kik-khen]] | instruments = {{Hlist|[[Inertial measurement unit|Inertial sensors]]|[[Lidar|Laser altimeter]]|[[Navcam]] × 2}} | insignia = File:Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | insignia_caption = [[Phùn-siā Chhui-chìn Si̍t-giām-sek|PTS]] [[Hóe-chheⁿ|hué-tsheñ]] ti̍t-sing-ki ê hui-tsiong | insignia_size = 200px }} '''Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]]''' ([[Gōa-hō|guā-hō]]: Ginny; Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-sing-ki, Sió tsing-lîng; [[POJ|poj]]: Ki-tì-hō ti̍t-seng-ki, Sió cheng-lêng; [[eng-gí]]: Ingenuity (helicopter), Ginny<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射成功，还携带了一架直升机！_科技_腾讯网|url=https://tech.qq.com/a/20200730/017912.htm|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=tech.qq.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA“毅力”号核动力火星车发射升空，还带了一架直升机|url=https://tech.sina.cn/2020-07-30/detail-iivhuipn5955450.d.html|accessdate=2020-08-11|date=2020-07-30|last=sina_mobile|work=tech.sina.cn}}</ref>) sī tsi̍t tsiah hué-tsheñ bô-lîn ti̍t-sing-ki.<ref name="NASA-20200429a">{{cite news|last1=Hautaluoma|access-date=2020-04-29|language=|accessdate=|publisher=|author=|url-status=|archive-date=2020-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430003052/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|work=NASA|first1=Grey|date=2020-04-29|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7650|title=Alabama High School Student Names NASA's Mars Helicopter|first3=D.C.|last3=Agle|first2=Alana|last2=Johnson|format=}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kè-uē teh Mars 2020 ê līm-bū lāi-té iōng-lai tsìn-hîng huih-in ki-su̍t giām-tsìng; i ē-sái thê-kiong bo̍k-tsiân kuí-tō uī-tsheñ ia̍h-sī tē-bīn thàm-tshik-tshia kah ting-lio̍k-khì bô-huat-tōo thê-kiong ê ti̍k-pia̍t kak-tōo. Uî thàm-tshik-khì hi̍k lîn-luī thê-kiong ko tshing-sik-tōo tôo-siōng kah tsing-tshat, pīng sú-iōng thàm-tshik-tshia ē-sái tsìn-ji̍p pháiñ kiâñ-kàu ê tē-hîng.<ref name="Leone heli">{{cite news|last=Leone|first=Dan|url=http://spacenews.com/elachi-touts-helicopter-scout-for-mars-sample-caching-rover/|title=Elachi Touts Helicopter Scout for Mars Sample-Caching Rover|work=|date=2015-11-19|access-date=2015-11-20|author=|publisher=|accessdate=|language=|format=}}</ref> Ingenuity tit-beh tio̍h-lio̍k liáu-āu 60 tsì 90-kang uì [[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]] ê [[Pak-tó͘|pak]]-{{le|Siong-tùi hong-ūi|Body relative direction|hā}} hun-lî.<ref name="NASA-20200623">{{cite news|last1=Agle|first1=DC|last2=Hautaluoma|first2=Gray|last3=Johnson|first3=Alana|title=How NASA's Mars Helicopter Will Reach the Red Planet's Surface|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nws.php?feature=7684|date=2020-06-23|publisher=[[NASA]]|access-date=2020-06-23}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Kah Petseverance hun-lî liáu-āu tit-beh tsìn-hîng uî-kî 30-kang ê hui-hîng tshik-tshì. Hui-hîng kuan-tōo lī tē-bīn 3 tsì 5-bí, hui-hîng kī-lī ē-sái kàu 300-bí (980 ing-tshioh); ta̍k-pái bē tshiau-kuè 3 hun-tsing, siōng-ke hui-hîng 5 pèn.<ref>[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=2019-04-01|title=}}. (PDF) J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; January 8–12, 2018, Kissimmee, Florida. {{doi|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Ingenuity [[ti̍t-seng-ki|ti̍t-sing-ki]] ē-sái teh hui-hîng tiong tsìn-hîng tsū-tsú khòng-tsè, ta̍k-piàn kàng-lo̍h liáu-āu, i-e̊ ti̍t-tsiap kah Perseverance thong-sìn. Tse tō beh-sī lîn-luī siú-tshù si̍t-hiān hui-hîng-khì teh kî-thañ sing-kiû ê siū-khòng hui-hîng.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Flight on Another Planet! - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhsZUZmJvaM|accessdate=2020-08-05|work=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Nā-sī Ingenuity siú-pue sîng-kong, tō beh teh 30-ê hué-tsheñ li̍t (liōng-kî-iok-á 31-ê tē-kiû li̍t) ê thang-á-kháu kî lāi tsip-hîng āu-suà 4-pèn tshì-pue līm-bū. Līm-bū thuân-tuī teh-beh thong-kuè Ingenuity giām-tsìng teh hué-tsheñ tuā-khuì-tsân hui-hîng sóo su-iàu ê ki-su̍t; uī tiû-pī bī-lâi ke-khì-lîn ia̍h-sī lîn-luī thàm-soh hué-tsheñ ê sî-tsūn tsah-ê sian-tsìn hui-hîng-khì phah ki-tshóo. Tsia-ê ti̍t-sing-ki tō ē-sái teh bī-lâi ê thàm-tshik līm-bū tiong tam-līm hú-tso̊o ê kak-sik; pí-lû: Tsò-uî ke-khì-lîn tsing-tshâ-guân, uì tíng-kuân khàm-tshik tē-hîng ia̍h-sī tsò-uî to̍k-li̍p khoh-ak hui-hîng-khì lai-tsah [[Chhek-liông gî-khì|gî-khì]] (measuring instrument).<ref name="Balaram 2018">[https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401121747/https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf|date=1 April 2019}} J. (Bob) Balaram, Timothy Canham, Courtney Duncan, Matt Golombek, Håvard Fjær Grip, Wayne Johnson, Justin Maki, Amelia Quon, Ryan Stern, and David Zhu. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), SciTech Forum Conference; 8–12 January 2018, Kissimmee, Florida {{DOI|10.2514/6.2018-0023}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> ==Siat-kè== [[File:Anatomy of the Mars Helicopter.png|thumb|upright=1.2|right|''Ginny ''ê tsoo-sîng guân-kiāñ tôo]] {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:85%; margin:0.2em 0em 1em 1.5em;" |+ ''Ginny '' ê hui-hîng ti̍k-sìng |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Rotor speed | 2400 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="fact sheet">{{cite web|title=Mars Helicopter Fact Sheet|publisher=NASA|date=February 2020 |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322202751/https://mars.nasa.gov/files/mars2020/Mars2020_Helicopter_Fact_Sheet.pdf|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Blade tip speed | <0.7 [[Mach number|Mach]]<ref name="distance">[https://www.uasvision.com/2016/09/06/nasa-chooses-helicopter-for-mars-drone/ Mars Helicopter Scout]. video presentation at Caltech {{PD-notice}}</ref> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Operational time | 1 to 5 flights within 30 sols<ref name="landing press kit"/><ref name="official website"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Flight time | Up to 90 seconds per flight<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, flight | {{cvt|50|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum range, radio | {{cvt|1000|m}}<ref name="Balaram 2018"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum planned altitude <!-- this is NOT a MaxAltitude for the helicopter in the Martian atmosphere; it is merely the greatest distance above the ground that NASA/JPL currently is planning to fly the helicopter, per the Febeuary 2021 press kit source --> | {{cvt|5|m}}<ref name="landing press kit"/> |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Maximum speed | {{Unbulleted list | Horizontal: {{cvt|10|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> | Vertical: {{cvt|3|m/s}}<ref name='Witold 2018'/> }} |- | {{rh}} class="table-rh" | Battery capacity | {{cvt|35|-|40|Wh}}<ref name="veritasium20190810"/> |} ==Huih-ing tshing-tuañ== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Hō-má !Li̍t-kî<br/>(UTC) !Tī-khong sî-kan<br />(bió) !Hui-hîng ko-tōo<br />(bí/ing-tshioh) !Ket-kó |- |<div style="text-align: center;">1<ref>{{Cite web|title=NASA to Attempt First Controlled Flight on Mars As Soon As Monday|url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-to-attempt-first-controlled-flight-on-mars-as-soon-as-monday}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">2021-nî 4-gue̍h 19 teh 07:30</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">39.1</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">{{cvt|3|m}} (tāi-iok)</div> |{{success}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mars helicopter's first flight could happen on Monday|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/17/world/mars-helicopter-ingenuity-flight-monday-scn-trnd/index.html|website=CNN|quote=Ingenuity could fly four days after the first flight, then three days after the second flight and so on.}}</ref></div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 23</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">3</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 26</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">4</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 4-gue̍h 29</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |- |<div style="text-align: center;">5</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">NET 2021-nî 5-gue̍h 02</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |<div style="text-align: center;">TKK</div> |{{planned}} |}<small>TKK: Tsiah-koh kuat-tīng</small> ==Tôo-phìñ== ===Sing-pîn=== [[File:Sounds-of-Mars -Helicopter Flying on Mars.ogg|thumb|left|Mars helicopter ''Ingenuity,'' heard flying on Mars on its fourth flight]] {{clear}} ===Iáñ-phìñ === {{Multiple image|header=Mars ''Ingenuity'' helicopter – test flights – April 2021 |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 |image1=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm |caption1=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightVideo-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(video; 00:57; 19 April 2021)]]</div> |width1=195 |image2=PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm |caption2=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24588-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FirstFlightAnimation-20210419.webm|First test flight<br />(animated; video; 01:19)]]</div> |width2=185 |image3=Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm |caption3=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:Enhanced Video Shows Dust During Ingenuity's Flight alongside flight time in upper left corner.webm|Dust seen during first flight with timer (enh video; 00:46)]]</div> |width3=195 |image4=NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |caption4=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-SecondTestFlight-20210422.webm |Second test flight<br /> (00:21; 22 April 2021)]]</div> |width4=195 |image5=JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm| caption5=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:JPL-20210425 Perseverance Rover's Mastcam-Z Captures Ingenuity's Third Flight.webm|Third test flight<br />(01:16; 25 April 2021)<br /><!---([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q75-HetU57A 3D-version])--->]]</div> |width5=195 |image6=NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm |caption6=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:NASA's Perseverance Captures Video, Audio of Fourth Ingenuity Flight.webm|Fourth test (video+audio)<br />(02:44; 30 April 2021)]]</div> |width6=195 |image7= PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|caption7=<div style="text-align:center">[[:File:PIA24978a - annotated closeup of Flight 13 - sol 193 MCZ sol 193 MCZ L026 N Tracked 02 (1).webm|Thirteenth test (video)<br />(01:55; 4 September 2021)]]</div> |width7=195|footer= }} ===Pōo-sūs ūn-sī=== {{Multiple image |total_width=800 |direction=horizontal |align = center |image1 = Jezero crater on Mars, sol 38 of Perseverance mission.png |caption1= March 29, 2021: after ''Ingenuity'' was extended vertically into place after being rotated outward from its horizontal position on the belly of the rover, ''Perseverance'' takes photos for the panorama, catching in its field of view the debris shield which protected ''Ingenuity'' during landing and was dropped on March 21, 2021 }} {{Multiple image|header=''Ingenuity'' helicopter: out from under the ''Perseverance'' rover |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=1000 | image1 = Ingenuity Stowed Inside Debris Shield.jpg | caption1 = Before releasing ''Ingenuity'' the rover had to get rid of the pan which protected the feasible [[RIMFAX]] equipment during the landing stage | image2 = Perseverance rover drops its debris shield (cropped).jpg | caption2 = Debris shield released and dropped | image3 = Ingenuity unfolding 202103298.png | caption3 = ''Ingenuity'' swings down, with two of its four legs extended | image4 = Ingenuity Helicopter with fully deployed legs (cropped).png | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' with all legs extended }} {{Multiple image | header = Pre-flight testing | align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width =800 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ingenuity Helicopter Deployment Successful.png | caption1 = Before tests | image2 = Ingenuity Helicopter Rotor Blades Unlocked for Flying.gif | caption2 = Rotor blades are unlocked for tests and flying | image3 = Ingenuity gives it's blades a test spin.gif | caption3 = The slow-speed (50 rpm) spin up test on sol 48 | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter after its high speed spin up test.png | caption4 = The high-speed (2400 rpm) spin up test on sol 55<!--{{efn|name=Difference|Please see the difference between the image on high-speed spin up test and the one on sol 48, that is the image on sol 48 has the upper blade in diagonal position while the high-speed spin up test has lower blade in diagonal position}}--> }} === Hui-hîng tē-tôo === {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 |header = The flight zone of the technical demonstration and transitional stage |caption_align = center |image2 = PIA24435-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-VanZylOverlook-20210323.jpg |caption2 = Wright Brothers Field and the overlook location |image4 = PIA24495-Mars-IngenuityHelicopter-RoverFlightZoneView-20210323.jpg |caption4 = View of the field from the rover |image6 = HiRISE's View of Ingenuity's Fourth Flight Path Paving the Way for it to move to second Airfeild.jpg |caption6 = Second helipad{{efn|HiRISE's view of ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s fourth flight path paving the way for it to move to second airfield on its fifth flight}} }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header = Flights' paths of the operational demonstration stage and HiRise images of ''Ingenuity'' |image5 = 26339 PIA24977 Flight Profile for Ingenuity's Flight 15.jpg |caption5 = Flight profile for ''Ingenuity'''s Flight 15 |image6 = 26396 PIA24980-webTopography an Between Mars Helicopter and Rover for Flight 17.jpg |caption6 = Topography between Mars helicopter and rover for Flight 17 |image7=Perseverance and Ingenuity wait out the solar conjunction.png |caption7=Positioning before the 2021 solar conjunction<br />'''R'''²¹⁰ is the rover position on sol 210;<br />'''H'''{{sup sub |163|1}}, '''H'''{{sup sub |174|2}} and '''H'''{{sup sub |193|3}} means 1st, 2nd and 3rd landing sites of ''Ingenuity'' on the Field '''H''' on sols 163, 174 and 193 respectively |image8=PIA25174 Ingenuity captured by Hirise camera on mars reconaissance orbiter.jpg |caption8=''Ingenuity'' captured by Hirise camera on [[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]] at Airfield M on Feb. 26, 2022 }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tôo-siōng=== {{Multiple image | header = Flights 1–4 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 800 | image1 = Ingenuity's Second Flight As Seen by Perseverance.png | caption1 = Flight 2 (22 April 2021) | image2 = 1-PIA24624-MarsPerseveranceRoverViewsIngenuityHelicopter-ThirdFlight-20210425.png | caption2 = Flight 3 (25 April 2021) | image4 = PIA24642-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FourthTestFlight-20210430.png | caption4 = Flight 4 (30 April 2021) }} {{Multiple image | header = Flights 5–8 viewed by the ''Perseverance'' rover | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1000 | image1 = Ingenuity's Successful Fifth Flight To Airfield B.jpg | caption1 =Flight 5 (7 May 2021) | image2 = Mastcam-Z Views Ingenuity After Fifth Flight 01.jpg | caption2 =Landed after flight 5 at ''Airfield B'' (7 May 2021) | image3 = Ingenuity after 6th flight.png | caption3 = One day after sixth flight (Sol 92) | image4 = Ingenuity after 7th flight.png | caption4 = Four days after 7th flight (Sol 111) | image5 = Mars Perseverance NLF 0127 0678218487 243ECM N0041860NCAM03127 01 195J.png | caption5 = Seven days after 8th flight (Sol 127) }} ===Images by ''Ingenuity''=== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | header = First Images{{efn|name=Imaging|All images taken by ''Ingenuity'' are from either its black-and-white downward-facing navigation camera<ref name="HELI_NAV">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_NAV#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (NAV images)</ref> or from horizon-facing color camera;<ref name="HELI_RTE">{{cite web|title=Raw Images From Ingenuity Helicopter|url=https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/?af=HELI_RTE#raw-images|website=NASA|date=30 April 2021|access-date=10 May 2021}} (RTE images)</ref> landing legs are seen at the side edges of images}} | image1 = Ingenuity helicopter first colour image.jpg | caption1 = The first color image (April 4, 2021){{efn|name=Wheel|''Perseverance'' Rover wheels are clearly seen in top corners}} | image3 = Ingenuity's First Black-and-White Image From the Air.jpg | caption3 = In-flight image (19 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|1.2|m}}) | image4 = Ingenuity helicopter image just before landing after it's first flight.jpg | caption4 = Landing after the first flight (19 April 2021) | image5 = 1st aerial image on mars taken by Ingenuity.jpg | caption5 = First color aerial photo (22 April 2021, altitude {{cvt|5.2|m}}, flight 2) }} {{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 |header=Flights 3-9 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425.jpg | caption1 = Flight 3, rover is seen left-up from the {{cvt|5.0|m}} height | image2 = PIA24628-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-AirfieldB-4thFlight-20210430.jpg | caption2 = Heading towards ''Airfield B'' (flight 4, 30 April 2021) | image3 = PIA24600-Ingenuity flight 6 22-05-2021 Seitah view.jpg | caption3 = Flight 6, view from {{cvt|10|m}} towards Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity Flight 9 over Seitah.png | caption4 = Flight 9, flying over the Séítah (July 5, 2021) }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=800 | image1 = PIA24625-MarsIngenuityHelicopterViewsPerseveranceRoverFromAir-20210425a.jpg | caption1= ''Perseverance'' rover (left) viewed about {{cvt|85|m}} away from {{cvt|5.0|m}} height (April 25, 2021) }}{{multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | caption_align = center | header = Flights 10–13 | image1 = Ingenuity Flight 10 over the Raised Ridges.png | caption1 = Flight 10 over ridges | image3 = Ingenuity flight 12.png | caption3 = Flight 12 over Séítah | image4 = Ingenuity on sol 193.jpg | caption4 = Flight 13 rover view }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=500 | header = After conjunction: preflight tests and flights 14-16 | image5 = Ingenuity flight 16 sol 268 LMST 12h 34m 57s.png | caption5 = Flight 16 (21 November 2021) |image6=Slide-part-2-pia25021a-1041 01.jpg |caption6= Post-flight 16 rover view }} {{Multiple image | header = Entry-descent-landing debris |footer = ''Ingenuity'' photographed the spacecraft backshell and parachute (April 19) and other apparent EDL debris (April 3).<ref name="NYT-20220427">{{cite news |last=Chang |first=Kenneth |title=NASA Sees 'Otherworldly' Wreckage on Mars With Ingenuity Helicopter - The debris was part of the equipment that helped the Perseverance mission safely land on the red planet in 2021. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/27/science/nasa-mars-wreckage-photo.html |date=27 April 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=28 April 2022 }}</ref> | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 1100 | image1 = PIA25219-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Backshell-20220419.jpg | image2 = PIA25218-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg | image3 = PIA25217-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-LandingGear-20220419.jpg |image4=EDL hardware debris captured by Ingenuity.gif |width4=100 | image5= Skycrane captured by Ingenuity Helicopter 02.jpg }} {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=300 | header = Crater Ridgeline |image1=PIA25220-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-27-FortunRidge-20220423.jpg|caption1=Flight 27 − Fortun Ridge<br />(23 April 2022) }} ====Animations==== {{Multiple image |align=center |direction=horizontal |total_width=600 | header = Miscellaneous animations | image3 = PIA24649-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-FifthFlightLanding-20210507.gif | caption3 = Landing after fifth flight at Airfield B (7 May 2021) | image4 = Colour Images Taken During Ingenuity's 9th Flight.gif | caption4 = Flight 9, animation from the flight images | image5 = HSF 0163 0681410921 308ECM N0110001HELI00000 000085J Perseverance Spotted By Ingenuity's colour camera On Its 11th Flight.gif | caption5 = Flight 11 rover | image6 = Ingenuity flight 11 route slideshow (10 color frames).gif | caption6 = Flight 11 ten slides }} ===''Perseverance'' ê tsū-phai === {{multiple image | align= center | caption_align = center |total_width=300 |header=Mars 2020 in [[Jezero crater]] on [[Mars]] containing ''Ingenuity'' helicopter — self-portraits |image1= Mars 2020 selfie containing both perseverance rover and ingenuity.gif|caption1=''Ingenuity'' helicopter drop site, Wright Brothers Field<br />(April 2021) }} {{notelist}} ===Miscellaneous ''Ingenuity''-related images=== {{Multiple image | header = | align = center | caption_align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width=1000 | image1 = Aircraft certification of Ingenuity to fly on mars.jpg | caption1 = Aircraft certification of ''Ingenuity'' to fly on Mars | image3 = PIA24440-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-20210419.jpg | caption3 = "Nominal Pilot's Logbook for Planets and Moons" | image4 = PIA24794-MarsIngenuityHelicopter-Logbook-Flt9&10-20210816.jpg | caption4 = ''Ingenuity'' logbook entries for flights 9 and 10 | image5 = Ingenuity Helicopter 1st Flight Altimeter Data.png | caption5 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s first flight altimeter data showing the flight period<br />(19 April 2021) | image6 = Ingenuity Helicopter 2nd Flight Test Observation Datas.gif | caption6 = ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s second flight test data{{efn|This is an animated gif containing sequence of images on second test flight. First image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s rotor power during flight two. Second image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s horizontal position relative to start during flight one hover. Third image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s collective control during flight one. Fourth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s lower cyclic control on flight one. Similar cyclic controls applied on the upper rotor. Fifth image shows ''Ingenuity''{{'}}s estimate of vertical velocity during flight two.}}<br />(22 April 2021) | image7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia.svg | caption7 = Mars Helicopter JPL insignia | footer = }} ===Huat-tén=== {{wide image|Mastcam-Z's First 360-Degree Panorama.jpg|800px|align-cap=center|''[[Perseverance hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|Perseverance]]'' [[Hóe-chheⁿ-chhia|hué-tsheñ-tshia]] (Mars rover) kàng-lo̍h tē-tiám ê [[Choân-kéng-tô͘|tsuân-kíng-tôo]] (panorama).}} ==Tsù-sik== {{notelist}} ==Tsù-kái== {{Reflist|2}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *et al. (8-12 janvier 2018) « Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator [archive] » (pdf) dans 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference : 18 p.. — Caractéristiques techniques détaillées, description des études et des tests effectués. {{en}} *NASA, Ingenuity Mars Helicopter landing press kit, NASA[https://mars.nasa.gov/system/downloadable_items/45586_ingenuity_landing_press_kit.pdf], janvier 2021, 33 p. — Dossier de presse de la NASA sur l'hélicoptère Ingenuity. {{en}} *Andrew J. Ball, James R.C. Garry, Ralph D. Lorenz et Viktor V. Kerzhanovichl, Planetary Landers and entry Probes, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (ISBN 978-0-521-12958-9) {{en}} *Withrow-Maser Shannah, Koning, Witold, Kuang, Winnie, Johnson, Wayne R et al., « Recent Efforts Enabling Martian Rotorcraft Missions [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000788], Papier de conférence,‎ janvier 2020, p. 1-10)( Feasibility study of a second generation Martian helicopter (1st generation Ingenuity) {{fr}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} * [[Atmosphere of Mars]] * ''[[Dragonfly (spacecraft)|Dragonfly]]'' – Robotic [[rotorcraft]] mission to Saturn's moon [[Titan (moon)|Titan]], launching in 2027 * [[Vega program#Balloon|Vega]] – the program that included the first atmospheric flight on another planet, in 1985 {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{Commons category}} * [https://mars.nasa.gov/technology/helicopter/ NASA Mars Helicopter webpage] * [https://rotorcraft.arc.nasa.gov/Publications/files/Balaram_AIAA2018_0023.pdf Mars Helicopter Technology Demonstrator]. (PDF) – The key design features of the prototype drone. * [http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/ Mars 2020 official site] * [https://apkpure.com/mars-xplorer/com.myuniportal.android.apps.marsxplorer Mars Xplorer for Android - APK Download] {{Authority control}} [[Lūi-pia̍t:2021 nî hâng-thian]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 in the United States]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:2020 robots]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Coaxial rotor helicopters]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tiān-tōng ti̍t-seng-ki]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Tè-gōa hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Kò-pia̍t hâng-thian-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Mars 2020|*]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Missions to Mars]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA hui-hêng-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:NASA thài-khong thàm-chhek-khì]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Space probes launched in 2020]] [[Lūi-pia̍t:Unmanned helicopters]] 2wnj0eh2ck8f8v6ifdmshrpwtzpya3c 10 1078419 3132847 3120015 2022-08-07T14:20:21Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Internal_link_helper |lang=Türk-gú |lang-code=tr |1={{{1|}}} |2={{{2|}}} |d={{{d|{{{3|}}}}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Internal link helper/doc}} </noinclude> 32kr5t6zccdl72yf1rs0ssuhtx2dpf1 0 1079813 3132852 3132764 2022-08-07T17:45:35Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | name = PHL-16 tshia-tsài hué-tsìñ-phàu | image = | image_size = 300 | caption = PHL-16 MLRS | origin = [[Tiongkok]] | type = {{le|To-koán hóe-chìⁿ-phàu|Multiple rocket launcher|To-kuán hué-tsìñ-phàu}} (MRL) <!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged = | is_bladed = | is_explosive = | is_artillery = yes | is_vehicle = yes | is_UK = <!-- Service history --> | service = 2019–bo̍ktsên | used_by = {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng-kun lio̍k-kun|People's Liberation Army Ground Force}} | wars = <!-- Production history --> | designer = | design_date = | manufacturer = | production_date = | number = | variants = <!-- General specifications --> | weight = | length = | part_length = | width = | height = | crew = 3 <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->| cartridge = | caliber = {{convert|370|mm|in|abbr=on}} | barrels = 8 | action = | rate = | velocity = | range = | min_range = | feed = | sights = <!-- Artillery specifications --> | breech = | recoil = | carriage = | elevation = | traverse = <!-- Bladed weapon specifications --> | blade_type = | hilt_type = | sheath_type = | head_type = | haft_type = <!-- Explosive specifications --> | diameter = | filling = | filling_weight = | detonation = | yield = <!-- Vehicle specifications --> | armour = | primary_armament = | secondary_armament = | engine = Diesel | engine_power = | pw_ratio = | suspension = {{le|Pat-lûn khu-tōng|Eight-wheel drive|8×8 lûn-sik}｝ | vehicle_range = | speed = }} '''PHL-16 tshia-tsài hué-tsìñ-phàu''' ([[ing-gú]]: PHL-16<ref name="Verma_2020-04">{{cite magazine |last=Verma |first=Vivek |date=7 April 2020 |title=Appraisal of PLA Artillery Modernisation |url=https://www.claws.in/publication/appraisal-of-pla-artillery-modernisation/ |magazine=Issue Briefs |publisher=[[Centre for Land Warfare Studies]] |publication-date=April 2020 |issue=220 |access-date=8 September 2020 }}{{en}}</ref>, hi̍k '''PCL-191''' hîng) sī [[Tiong-hôa jîn-bîn kiōng-hô-kok]] gén-tsè ê tshia-tsài [[Chū-kiâⁿ tōa-phàu|tsū-hîng]] {{le|To-koán hóe-chìⁿ-phàu|Multiple rocket launcher|to-kuán hué-tsìñ-phàu}} (MRL) hē-thóng. ==Ên-sin phàu-hîng== ;AR-3: Ki-pún-hîng; tī 2010 tē-it pái tsiūñ-tshī.<ref name="gs_2019-10">{{cite web |title=AR3 / PHL-16 - 300/370 mm |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/ar-3.htm |website=[[GlobalSecurity.org]] |date=1 October 2019 |access-date=8 September 2020 }} {{en}}</ref> ;PHL-16: Uī [[Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng-kun]] sóo huat-tén<ref name="Verma_2020-04" /> ==Sú-iōng tan-uī== ;{{PRC}} * {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng-kun lio̍k-kun|People's Liberation Army Ground Force}} – tse̽t-tsí 2020-nî í-king ū tshiau-kuè 20 ê tan-uī sú-iōng.<ref name="IISS2021_p251">{{cite book |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title = The Military Balance 2021 | publisher = [[Routledge]] | year = 2021 | isbn = 978-1-03-201227-8 | author-link = International Institute for Strategic Studies | page = 251}} {{en}}</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *[[Hòe-ki]] (huè-ki; [[ing-gú]]: cargo aircraft; [[hàn-gú]]: 貨機) *[[Warsaw tiâu-iok cho͘-chit]] (Warsaw tiâu-iok tsoo-tsit; [[Lō͘-se-a-gí|Lōo-si-ia-gí]]: Организация Варшавского Договора; [[hàn-gú]]: 華沙公約組織) *{{le|Enteroctopus dofleini|Enteroctopus dofleini}} *{{le|Tylocidaris|Tylocidaris}} *{{le|Gaia ká-soat|Gaia hypothesis}} (Gaia ká-suat/Gaia hypothesis) *{{le|DF-17 tō-tān|DF-17}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://www.military-today.com/artillery/phl_16.htm PHL-16] {{en}} *[https://eurasiantimes.com/china-tests-himars-like-rocket-system-that-can-strike-high-altitude-indian/?amp With A Deadly 500 Km Range, China Tests 'HIMARS-Like Rocket System' That Can Strike High-Altitude Indian Bases Along The LAC] {{en}} *[https://militaryleak.com/2022/07/23/china-tests-new-pcl191-multiple-launch-rocket-system-near-disputed-border-with-india/?amp China Tests New PCL191 Multiple-launch Rocket System Near Disputed Border with India] {{en}} [[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 2010s]] [[Category:Modular rocket launchers]] [[Category:Multiple rocket launchers]] [[Category:Norinco]] [[Category:Self-propelled artillery of the People's Republic of China]] [[Category:Wheeled self-propelled rocket launchers]] q942z0qrrfms7xx07bct9t0jseg2b0e 3132853 3132852 2022-08-07T17:49:41Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox weapon | name = PHL-16 tshia-tsài hué-tsìñ-phàu | image = | image_size = 300 | caption = PHL-16 MLRS | origin = [[Tiongkok]] | type = {{le|To-koán hóe-chìⁿ-phàu|Multiple rocket launcher|To-kuán hué-tsìñ-phàu}} (MRL) <!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged = | is_bladed = | is_explosive = | is_artillery = yes | is_vehicle = yes | is_UK = <!-- Service history --> | service = 2019–bo̍ktsên | used_by = {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng-kun lio̍k-kun|People's Liberation Army Ground Force}} | wars = <!-- Production history --> | designer = | design_date = | manufacturer = | production_date = | number = | variants = <!-- General specifications --> | weight = | length = | part_length = | width = | height = | crew = 3 <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->| cartridge = | caliber = {{convert|370|mm|in|abbr=on}} | barrels = 8 | action = | rate = | velocity = | range = | min_range = | feed = | sights = <!-- Artillery specifications --> | breech = | recoil = | carriage = | elevation = | traverse = <!-- Bladed weapon specifications --> | blade_type = | hilt_type = | sheath_type = | head_type = | haft_type = <!-- Explosive specifications --> | diameter = | filling = | filling_weight = | detonation = | yield = <!-- Vehicle specifications --> | armour = | primary_armament = | secondary_armament = | engine = Diesel | engine_power = | pw_ratio = | suspension = {{le|Pat-lûn khu-tōng|Eight-wheel drive|8×8 lûn-sik}} | vehicle_range = | speed = }} '''PHL-16 tshia-tsài hué-tsìñ-phàu''' ([[ing-gú]]: PHL-16<ref name="Verma_2020-04">{{cite magazine |last=Verma |first=Vivek |date=7 April 2020 |title=Appraisal of PLA Artillery Modernisation |url=https://www.claws.in/publication/appraisal-of-pla-artillery-modernisation/ |magazine=Issue Briefs |publisher=[[Centre for Land Warfare Studies]] |publication-date=April 2020 |issue=220 |access-date=8 September 2020 }}{{en}}</ref>, hi̍k '''PCL-191''' hîng) sī [[Tiong-hôa jîn-bîn kiōng-hô-kok]] gén-tsè ê tshia-tsài [[Chū-kiâⁿ tōa-phàu|tsū-hîng]] {{le|To-koán hóe-chìⁿ-phàu|Multiple rocket launcher|to-kuán hué-tsìñ-phàu}} (MRL) hē-thóng. ==Ên-sin phàu-hîng== ;AR-3: Ki-pún-hîng; tī 2010 tē-it pái tsiūñ-tshī.<ref name="gs_2019-10">{{cite web |title=AR3 / PHL-16 - 300/370 mm |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/ar-3.htm |website=[[GlobalSecurity.org]] |date=1 October 2019 |access-date=8 September 2020 }} {{en}}</ref> ;PHL-16: Uī [[Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng-kun]] sóo huat-tén<ref name="Verma_2020-04" /> ==Sú-iōng tan-uī== ;{{PRC}} * {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-bîn kái-hòng-kun lio̍k-kun|People's Liberation Army Ground Force}} – tse̽t-tsí 2020-nî í-king ū tshiau-kuè 20 ê tan-uī sú-iōng.<ref name="IISS2021_p251">{{cite book |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title = The Military Balance 2021 | publisher = [[Routledge]] | year = 2021 | isbn = 978-1-03-201227-8 | author-link = International Institute for Strategic Studies | page = 251}} {{en}}</ref> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist|2}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *[[Hòe-ki]] (huè-ki; [[ing-gú]]: cargo aircraft; [[hàn-gú]]: 貨機) *[[Warsaw tiâu-iok cho͘-chit]] (Warsaw tiâu-iok tsoo-tsit; [[Lō͘-se-a-gí|Lōo-si-ia-gí]]: Организация Варшавского Договора; [[hàn-gú]]: 華沙公約組織) *{{le|Enteroctopus dofleini|Enteroctopus dofleini}} *{{le|Tylocidaris|Tylocidaris}} *{{le|Gaia ká-soat|Gaia hypothesis}} (Gaia ká-suat/Gaia hypothesis) *{{le|DF-17 tō-tān|DF-17}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== *[http://www.military-today.com/artillery/phl_16.htm PHL-16] {{en}} *[https://eurasiantimes.com/china-tests-himars-like-rocket-system-that-can-strike-high-altitude-indian/?amp With A Deadly 500 Km Range, China Tests 'HIMARS-Like Rocket System' That Can Strike High-Altitude Indian Bases Along The LAC] {{en}} *[https://militaryleak.com/2022/07/23/china-tests-new-pcl191-multiple-launch-rocket-system-near-disputed-border-with-india/?amp China Tests New PCL191 Multiple-launch Rocket System Near Disputed Border with India] {{en}} [[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 2010s]] [[Category:Modular rocket launchers]] [[Category:Multiple rocket launchers]] [[Category:Norinco]] [[Category:Self-propelled artillery of the People's Republic of China]] [[Category:Wheeled self-propelled rocket launchers]] p8vmwbmlkr21700vogv092f844vvfmt 0 1079819 3132819 3132818 2022-08-07T11:59:12Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-hong; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} sì-khoo-lián-tńg tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê kong-hái hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kiàn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] pxgapfxewh1t58aap0swln2ye6dvu4g 3132820 3132819 2022-08-07T12:03:41Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-hong; Drake hái-kiap teh {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê kong-hái hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kiàn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] blaymwzl1szigh4ditxfpy8w9gh08xz 3132821 3132820 2022-08-07T12:05:54Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-hong; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê kong-hái hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kiàn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 7kbi1rpy3hz40dk5est7ewphrqvs2p7 3132822 3132821 2022-08-07T12:11:10Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] nqm33jupqn5v4egt5hanw6996tng45z 3132823 3132822 2022-08-07T12:18:49Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiann|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] hnkx2ip9c48dsfqffp3zp5j5qcguq5f 3132824 3132823 2022-08-07T12:20:13Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 7y3wux3mw6xqv96ts3540chhfuhsaxa 3132825 3132824 2022-08-07T12:24:13Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsù-kái */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Strait of Magellan"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|The Strait of Magellan at dawn File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|A true-color [[MODIS]] satellite image of the strait File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[U.S. Navy]] carrier ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' in the strait </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 6gn9ukgldfszh4vr3b84crkyu6kt9ob 3132826 3132825 2022-08-07T12:27:34Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Strait of Magellan"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh phah-phú-kng sî-tsūn ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|A true-color [[MODIS]] satellite image of the strait File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[U.S. Navy]] carrier ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' in the strait </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] ahlo0gbbdvx8rm6bw40n49yg5ocxt7n 3132827 3132826 2022-08-07T12:30:05Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Strait of Magellan"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh phah-phú-kng sî-tsūn ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|A true-color [[MODIS]] satellite image of the strait File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 4ps3wt0f8s7fnorz9sr9zce5m7m0jzm 3132828 3132827 2022-08-07T12:37:34Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Strait of Magellan"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh phah-phú-kng sî-tsūn ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|A true-color [[MODIS]] satellite image of the strait File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] sbwquj57fo79qp1c5u867qtgkkyebmy 3132829 3132828 2022-08-07T12:37:55Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Strait of Magellan"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh [[Lê Bêng|phah-phú-kng]] sî-tsūn ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|A true-color [[MODIS]] satellite image of the strait File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] foakg63kenb2v2wqtj3brt3ry33p26j 3132830 3132829 2022-08-07T12:49:43Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Strait of Magellan"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn|phah-phú-kng]] sî-tsūn ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] dvd2hb95iipx8ieo0g4hqghqpg2sezv 3132831 3132830 2022-08-07T12:50:06Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Strait of Magellan"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn|phah-phú-kng]] sî-tsūn ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] ha2gvvbf1vpztf36822zwvgakq3yn23 3132832 3132831 2022-08-07T12:50:32Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Strait of Magellan"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn|phah-phú-kng}} sî-tsūn ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] ls2zagj2bs9nwvfjl3k2mxqxeonpego 3132833 3132832 2022-08-07T12:50:49Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Strait of Magellan"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} sî-tsūn ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 6lthd1a6v85n28mayppy4xxm7ur2lro 3132834 3132833 2022-08-07T12:51:16Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Strait of Magellan"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] nucic7j61qjbubdqmt2bvyie5rsgdue 3132835 3132834 2022-08-07T12:52:32Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Strait of Magellan"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] h17uvvqo4luit01t2uu4um1351aqp0z 3132836 3132835 2022-08-07T12:54:12Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] nyjd2c4hfjjf0glmxg1zt25gmchjbsi 3132837 3132836 2022-08-07T12:57:45Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê miâ-jī lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] tmxkrgzsy64ohc2folbsa49t2b34h75 3132838 3132837 2022-08-07T12:59:47Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi hō-miâ. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 2j9o2muu9791p9ep3w4t4n177aiqdw7 3132839 3132838 2022-08-07T13:00:49Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|Barcaza ''Melinka'' at Porvenir port, providing a [[ferry]] service across the strait between Punta Arenas and Porvenir File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 9obvqpfspx0kjdh8sibdg2lsnselwwa 3132840 3132839 2022-08-07T13:28:04Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" hō pok-á-chûn thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̍k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 4ish354cartyzy208igbussjlrc84m3 3132841 3132840 2022-08-07T13:28:48Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka-hō" pok-á-chûn thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̍k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] iomadhhf4i91hjtfsgxm4nk7cd8l4j6 3132842 3132841 2022-08-07T13:29:55Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka-hō" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̍k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] t4ce6edfw5v36g5n6bjhfl9e2t9m16i 3132843 3132842 2022-08-07T13:31:06Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̍k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 347s3vpbgnd93bm6hj4ktvv13doq7e3 3132844 3132843 2022-08-07T13:31:45Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tôo-siōng */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] dnqtcbgiieyuzoo42fwglqk9f4xx6ps 3132845 3132844 2022-08-07T13:54:42Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] thàm-hiám-ka [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 61g2cnx6tnbo19zci1vda60thqsso03 3132846 3132845 2022-08-07T14:18:16Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-tr|thàm-hiám-ka|Kâşif}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 6qpadq489xej06ppd37owmat2slfhrc 3132848 3132846 2022-08-07T17:33:15Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 7c59nwiamoz0g6fxklfkmg7fhv26mq2 3132855 3132848 2022-08-07T18:06:49Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k khe-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica){{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] gtkgh6rbzhzd54bd1umpadb4jmw5508 3132856 3132855 2022-08-07T18:07:05Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k khe-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] qtu8svyvo1rg5pdkb82k51b5h5wpxqy 3132857 3132856 2022-08-07T18:15:28Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k khe-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)){{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] ewr2zaekxtugq3ms1j60w2vn92xnggw 3132858 3132857 2022-08-07T18:16:29Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)){{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] kmmglmgvg57lqlfphml557sksjiqfdb 3132859 3132858 2022-08-07T18:36:54Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Magellan hái-kiap".<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] hioi5eajtimw3x9k405mbqomq1opfrg 3132860 3132859 2022-08-07T18:43:03Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap) tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Estrecho de Magallanes" (Magellan hái-kiap).<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̍k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̍k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] m18dddd7pcqdnp6yigkql6etywi0jan 3132861 3132860 2022-08-07T18:45:54Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap) tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Estrecho de Magallanes" (Magellan hái-kiap).<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] g5q4jwishdtwgsry68qj3jb3ci3xwfh 3132862 3132861 2022-08-07T19:08:57Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap) tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Estrecho de Magallanes" (Magellan hái-kiap).<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū la̍h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] nijkay6nxi8lby4sy86cppi96w0ecc2 3132863 3132862 2022-08-07T19:09:39Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap) tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Estrecho de Magallanes" (Magellan hái-kiap).<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 1qri08wfc5y781gkl9l9bn320y7i4om 3132864 3132863 2022-08-07T19:10:24Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap) tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Estrecho de Magallanes" (Magellan hái-kiap).<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 8hufrkw7lkcvhp5838ws3x84x4qvlo8 3132865 3132864 2022-08-07T19:50:32Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-khó bûn-hèn */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap) tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Estrecho de Magallanes" (Magellan hái-kiap).<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} *{{le|Comanche-gúlanguage|Comanche language}} (Comanche language/Comanche-gí) {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] tpy1j26fcd0qfabbt3gctpjxo0zza7m 3132866 3132865 2022-08-07T19:52:22Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap) tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Estrecho de Magallanes" (Magellan hái-kiap).<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} *{{le|Comanche-gúlanguage|Comanche language}} (Comanche language/Comanche-gí) {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] jh1t7kl3n0mnewb45j2ebwfqlrt0q43 3132888 3132866 2022-08-07T21:38:11Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap) tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Estrecho de Magallanes" (Magellan hái-kiap).<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} *{{le|Comanche-gúlanguage|Comanche language}} (Comanche language/Comanche-gí) {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] k2mn6hx96wogqg6rten9wc5ay3yqqnt 3132903 3132888 2022-08-08T07:43:40Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̽t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water | name = Magellan hái-kiap | image = StraitOfMagellan.jpg | caption = Magellan hái-kiap uī-tì teh [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] bué-āu-tsim | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | depth = | max-depth = | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = [[Chile]], [[Argentina]] | length = {{convert|570|km|abbr=on}} | width = | min_width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} | islands = | etymology = | location = [[Chile]] [[Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena (khu)|Magallanes tē-khu]] |pushpin_map=Chile | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|53|28|S|70|47|W|type:waterbody_scale:2500000|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | part_of = | alt = | type = [[Hái-kiap]] | cities = | area = }} [[File:Chile.estrechodemagallanes.png|thumb|right|Magellan hái-kiap]] '''Magellan hái-kiap''' ([[sepangâ-gú]]: Estrecho de Magallanes; [[ing-gú]]: Strait of Magellan) mā {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|kiò-tsò}} "Magellan hái-kiap kûn", sī [[Chile]] [[Lâm-pêng|lâm-pōo]] ê tsit-tiâu ē-tàng {{le|Khó thong-hâng|Navigability|ē-sái thong-hâng}} ê {{le|Hông-lō͘|Sea lane|hông-lōo}}, kā [[Pak-pêng|pak-pōo]] ê [[Lâm Bí-chiu|Lâm bí-tsiu]] [[Tāi-lio̍k|tāi-lio̽k]] hām lâm-pōo ê {{le|Hó-tē-tó|Tierra del Fuego|hué-tē-tó}} hun-tsò nn̄g-pîng. Magellan hái-kiap hông jīn-uî sī [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] hām [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] tsi-kan siōng tiōng-iàu ê [[Chū-jiân|tsū-jiân]] thong-tō. Tī 1520-nî, iû [[Phûtôgâ]] {{link-nl|thàm-hiám-ka|Ontdekkingsreiziger}} [[Fernão de Magalhães]] ê [[Habsburg Se-pan-gâ|Habsburg Sepangâ]] thàm-hiám-tūi tsi [[Au-chiu|Au-tsiu]]-[[jîn]] tē-it-pái tshuan-ua̽t, lî-tshiáñ iōng Magalhães ê [[Lâng-miâ|miâ-jī]] lâi {{le|Miâ-chhing|Name|hō-miâ}}. M̄-koh teh Magalhães ê thàm-hiám-tūi tshuan-ua̽t tsit-ê hái-kiap tsi [[Sî-kan|tsên]], pau-kua {{le|Kawésqar jîn|Kawésqa}} tsāi-lāi ê [[Goân-chū-bîn|guân-tsū-bîn]] pat-iōng {{le|to̍k-bo̍k-chiu|Dugout canoe|to̽k-bo̽k-tsiu}} teh tsit-ê hái-kiap hâng-hîng. Magellan hái-kiap ê guân-miâ sī "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap). {{le|Chàn-chō͘|Sponsor (commercial)|Tsàn-tsoo}} {{le|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám ê sî-kan-pió|Timeline of the Magellan expedition|Magellan-Elcano thàm-hiám}} ê [[Sepangâ]] [[kok-ông]] [[Karl 5-sè| Carlos 1-sè]] [[hông-tè]] uī-tio̍h kì-liām Magellan in-tshí kā "Estrecho de Todos los Santos" (Tsu-{{le|Sèng-jîn|Saint|sìng}} hái-kiap) tsit-ê {{le|Miâ-chheng|Name|miâ-tshing}} kái-tsò "Estrecho de Magallanes" (Magellan hái-kiap).<ref name="SM">{{cite web |last1=Crum |first1=Haley |title=The Man Who Sailed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-man-who-sailed-the-world-155994800/ |website=Smithsonianmag.com |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |access-date=23 October 2019}} {{en}}</ref> Iû-î pîn-huân {{le|chin e̍h|Narrows|tsin-e̍h}} ê tsuí-tō kah bô-huat-tōo ū-tshik ê [[Hong|hong-sè]] hām [[Chuí|tsuí-liû]], Magellan hái-kiap tsit-tiâu lōo-suàñ tsiàñ-phài tō-hâng. Teh hái-kiap {{le|Ín-tsiū-jîn|Maritime pilot|ín-hâng}} tsit-má sī kiông-tsè-sìng. Kah {{le|Drake hái-kiap|Drake Passage}} sio-pí, Magellan hái-kiap koh-khah té mā koh-khah pī-[[hong]]; Drake hái-kiap sī {{le|Horn kak|Cape Horn|}} guā-kháu ê sì-khoo lén-tńg hái-i̍k tiāñ-tiāñ ū {{le|Hong-pō|Storm|pō-hong-ú}} ê {{le|kong-hái|International waters}} hâng-suàñ, lî-tshiáñ Drake hái-kiap mā sù-siông siū-tio̽h {{le|Lia̍t-hong|Gale}} hām [[Peng-soaⁿ|ping-suañ]] ê khùn-jiáu.[2] Teh [[Panama ūn-hô]] kèn-tsō tsìn-tsîng, Magellan hái-kiap kah {{le|Beagle hái-kiap|Beagle Channel}} lóng-sī [[Thài-pêng-iûⁿ|Thài-pîng-iûñ]] kah [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ|Tāi-se-iûñ]] tsi-kan uī-sòo bô-tsè ê hái-siong hâng-suàñ tsi-it. ==Tôo-siōng== <gallery mode="packed" caption="Magellan hái-kiap"> File:BarcazaMelinka.jpg|"Melinka" {{le|pok-á-chûn|Barge|pok-á-tsûn}} thîng teh [[Porvenir|Porvenir káng]], thê-kiong tsām-kuè [[Punta Arenas]] hām [[Porvenir]] ê [[Tō͘-chûn|tōo-tsûn]] ho̽k-bū. File:Strait of magellan dawn.jpg|Teh {{le|phah-phú-á-kng|Dawn}} [[sî-kan|sî-tsūn]] ê Magellan hái-kiap File:StraitOfMagellan.jpg|Magellan hái-kiap teh {{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer|MODIS}} {{le|Ōe-tsheⁿ iáⁿ-siōng|Satellite imagery|uē-tsheñ iáñ-siōng}} tíng-kuân sóo hén-tshut ê tsin-[[Sek|sik-tshái]]. File:USSRONALDREAGANgoodshot.jpg|[[Bí-kok hái-kun]] [[Hâng-khong-bú-lām|hâng-bió]] ''[[USS Ronald Reagan]]'' teh Magellan hái-kiap </gallery> ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-khó bûn-hèn== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book | last = Barros Arana | first = Diego | author-link = Diego Barros Arana | title = Historia General de Chile | volume = V | url = http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7989.html | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1884| edition = 2 | publisher = [[Editorial Universitaria]] | location = Santiago, Chile | isbn = 978-956-11-1535-4 | language = es |chapter = Capítulo VI}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Laurence |last1=Bergreen |author-link1=Laurence Bergreen |title=Over the Edge of the World |publisher=[[Harper Perennial]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194 194] |isbn=978-0-06-621173-2 |date=October 14, 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/overedgeofworl00berg/page/194}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Gomes Eanes |last1=de Zurara |first2=Edgar |last2=Prestage |first3=C.R. |last3=Beazley |year=2010 |title=The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea |volume=2 |page=cxiv |publisher=Hayklut Society; [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-1-108-01390-1}} {{en}} *{{Cite book |first=Bill |last=Cumming | year=2009 |title=Gone: A chronicle of the seafarers & fabulous clipper ships of R. & J. Craig of Glasgow: Craig's "Counties" | publisher=Brown, Son, and Ferguson | location=Glasgow |isbn=978-1-84927-013-7}} {{en}} * {{cite book |first1=Robert Oliver |last1=Cunningham |orig-year=1871 |date=26 January 2012 |title=Notes on the Natural History of the Strait of Magellan and West Coast of Patagonia Made During the Voyage of H.M.S. Nassau in the Years 1866, 67, 68, & 69 |publisher=Printed by R. Clark for Edmonson & Douglas, Hamilton, Adams & Co., MacMillan & Co., M'Glashan & Gill, James Macalhose, [[Cambridge University Press]] |location=London, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Dublin, Glasgow, Cambridge |isbn=978-1-108-04185-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQgLAQAAIAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last1=Galvaão |first1=António |first2=Richard |last2=Hakluyt |author-link2=Richard Hakluyt |year=2004 |orig-year=1862 |title=The Discoveries of the World from their First Original unto the Year of Our Lord 1555 |series=Works issued by the Hakluyt Society |volume=Issue 30 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing |isbn=978-0-7661-9022-1 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-ZnlWAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1}} Based on the 1601 English translation, sub ann. 1428. {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-last1=Markham |editor-first1=Clements R. |orig-year=1911 |date=May 15, 2017 |title=Early Spanish Voyages to the Strait of Magellan |series=Hakluyt Society second series |volume=XXVII |location=London, U.K. |publisher=Routledge, Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-1-317-14670-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OAkkDwAAQBAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |editor-first1=Clements R. |editor-last=Markham |translator-first=Clements R. |translator-last=Markham |orig-year=1895 |year=2016 |title=Narratives of the voyages of Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to the Straits of Magellan |publisher=[[Hakluyt Society]]}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Mateo |last=Martinic |year=1977 |title=Historia del Estrecho de Magallines |language=es |publisher=Andres Bello |location=Santiago |isbn=978-956-16-0402-5 |url=http://www.memoriachilena.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0054341.pdf |access-date=October 16, 2019}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Richard C. |last=Mayne |author-link1=Richard Mayne (explorer) |year=1871 |title=Sailing Directions for Magellan Strait, and Channels Leading to the Gulf of Peñas |pages=37–84 |publisher=Hydrogaphic Office, Admiralty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U1MBAAAAYAAJ}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Morris |date=27 July 1989 |title=The Strait of Magellan |pages=68–104 |location=Dordrecht, Boston, Norwell, MA |publisher=M. Nijhoff (sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by [[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]) |isbn=978-0-7923-0181-3 |series=International Straits of the World}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Patrick J. |last1=Murphy |first2=Ray W. |last2=Coye |year=2013 |title=Mutiny and Its Bounty: Leadership Lessons from the Age of Discovery |location=New Haven, CT; London, UK |publisher=[[Yale University Press]] |isbn=978-0-300-17028-3}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first1=Jose Vargas |last1=Ponce |author-link1=José de Vargas Ponce |last2=de Córdoba |first2=Antonio |author-link2=Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona |first3=Dionisio |last3=Alcalá-Galiano |author-link3=Dionisio Alcalá Galiano |first4=Alejandro |last4=Belmonte |orig-year=1760–1821 |year=1820 |title=A Voyage of Discovery to the Strait of Magellan: With an account of the manners and customs of the inhabitants; and of the natural productions of Patagonia; undertaken, by order of the King of Spain |publisher=Neele & Son, Biblio Bazaar |edition=illustrated, reprint |isbn=978-1-371-28632-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/avoyagediscover00belmgoog}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |date=January 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=[[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |publisher=The Floating Press |pages=80–90 |ref={{harvid|Slocum|1900}}}} {{en}} *{{cite book |first=Joshua |last=Slocum |author-link=Joshua Slocum |editor-first=Rod |editor-last=Scher |date=March 1, 2009 |orig-year=1900 |title=The Annotated [[Sailing Alone Around the World]] |location=Dobbs Ferry, NY |publisher=Sheridan House |isbn=978-1-57409-275-2}} {{en}} *{{cite book |last=de Vea |first=Antonio |year=1886 |chapter=Expedición de Antonio de Vea |title=Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile |pages=539–596 |location=Valparaíso |language=es |chapter-url=http://www.bibliotecanacionaldigital.gob.cl/visor/BND:74532}} {{en}} *{{le|Comanche-gúlanguage|Comanche language}} (Comanche language/Comanche-gí) {{refend}} ==Ên-sin ua̽t-to̽k== {{refbegin|2}} *{{cite book |isbn=978-0-8195-6409-2 |title=Voyaging: Southward from the Strait of Magellan |first1=Rockwell |last1=Kent |date=March 10, 2000 |type=Hardcover |location=Hanover, New Hampshire |publisher=[[University Press of New England]]}} {{en}} *Parr, Charles McKew (1953) ''So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan'' New York: [[Thomas Y. Crowell]]. {{en}} *{{cite book |title=Magellan's Voyage Around the World |date=August 8, 2015 |first1=James Alexander |last1=Robertson |first2= Antonio |last2=Pigafetta |type=Hardcover |publisher=Andesite Press| isbn= 978-1-298-53871-0}} {{en}} {{refend}} ==Tsham-ua̽t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|2020 Gôlôsu Mil Mi-24 kek-lo̍h sī-kiāⁿ|2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown}} (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) *{{le|Air Tractor AT-802|Air Tractor AT-802}} *{{le|Tiong-hôa khai-hoat kim-iông khòng-kó͘|中華開發金融控股}} (Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo/中華開發金融控股) *{{le|Stéphane Dujarric|Stéphane Dujarric}} *{{link-zh|kheng-hûn hun-chiong|卿雲勳章}} (Khing-hûn hun-tsiong/卿雲勳章) *{{le|Bí-kok chûn-thok pîn-chèng|American depositary receipt}} (Bí-kok tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/American depositary receipt (ADR)) *{{le|Choân-kiû chûn-thok pîn-chèng|Global depository receipt}} (Tsuân-kiû tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/Global depository receipt (GDR)) *{{le|Tâi-oân chûn-thok pîn-chèng|臺灣存託憑證}} (Tâi-uân tsûn-thok pîn-tsìng/臺灣存託憑證 (TDR)) *{{le|Bí-kok kip lióng-tshe tu̍t-kik-kàm|America-class amphibious assault ship}} (America-class amphibious assault ship) *{{le|Credit Suisse|Credit Suisse}} *[[Huffman pian-bé]] ([[eng-gí]]: Huffman coding) *[[Morse tiān-bé têng-sū piau-chì]] (Morse tiān-bé tîng-sū piau-tsì; [[eng-gí]]: prosigns for Morse code, procedure signs for Morse code) *{{le|Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Chō-chûn Kong-si|National Steel and Shipbuilding Company}} (Kok-ka Kǹg-thih kah Tsō-tsûn Kong-si/National Steel and Shipbuilding Company) *{{le|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)|USNS Red Cloud (T-AKR-313)}} *{{le|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)|USNS Pililaau (T-AKR-304)}} *{{le|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)|USNS Watson (T-AKR-310)}} *{{le|Sam-it Ha̍k-īⁿ Tô͘-su-koán|Library of Trinity College Dublin}} (Sam-it Ha̍k-īñ Tôo-su-kuán/Library of Trinity College Dublin) *{{le|DF-26 tō-tān|DF-26}} *{{le|Pêng-kun gō͘-chha pòaⁿ-kèng|Circular error probable}} (Pîng-kun gōo-chha puàñ-kìng/Circular error probable) *{{le|Hóe-chìⁿ thui-chìn-chē|Rocket propellant}} (Hué-tsìnn thui-tsìn-tsē/Rocket propellant) *{{le|Chhāi-li̍p hoat-siā-khì ūn-chài-chhia|Transporter erector launcher}} (Tshāi-li̍p huat-siā-khì ūn-tsài-tshia/Transporter erector launcher (TEL)) *[[Antonov An-225 Mriia]] ([[Ukraina-gí]]: Ан-225 «Мрія»; [[hàn-gí]]: 安托諾夫安-225運輸機) *{{le|PCL-181 chhia-chai-phàu|PCL-181}} (PCL-181 tshia-tsài-phàu) *{{le|075-hêng lióng-chhe kong-kek-kàm|Type 075 landing helicopter dock}} (072-hîng lióng-tshe kong-kik-kàm/Type 075 landing helicopter dock) *{{le|Luî-ta̍t|Radar}} (Luî-ta̽t/Radar) *{{le|Liân-ha̍p ching-pi̍t té-kīn hām chiūⁿ-lio̍k hē-thóng|Joint precision approach and landing system}} (Liân-ha̍p tsing-pi̍t té-kīn hām tsiūñ-lio̍k hē-thóng/Joint precision approach and landing system) *{{le|Stingray khin-hêng tank|Stingray light tank}} (Stingray khin-hîng tank/Stingray light tank) *{{le|Khì-tiām teng-lio̍k-théng|Landing Craft Air Cushion}} (Khì-tiām ting-lio̽k-thíng/Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)) *[[Tupolev Tu-160]] (Tu-160 hong-tsà-ki; Tu-160 po̽k-kik-ki; [[ing-gú]]: Tupolev Tu-160; [[hàn-gú]]: 圖-160轟炸機) *[[Mark 48 hî-lûi]] ([[ing-gú]]: Mark 48 torpedo; [[hàn-gí]]: Mk 48型魚雷) *[[Mk 48 ki-chhèng]] ([Mk 48 ki-tshìng, Mk 48 ki-kuan-tshìng; [[ing-gú]]: Mk 48 machine gun; [[hàn-gú]]: Mk 48輕量化機槍) *[[Chhàng-kàm chok-chiàn]] (tshàng-kàm tsok-tsèn, tshàng-tsúi-kàm tsok-tsèn; Submarine warfare; 潛艦作戰) *[[971 hêng Chhàng-kàm]] (971 hîng tshàng-kàm, 971 hîng tshàng-tsúi-kàm; Akula-class submarine; 971型核潜艇) *[[USNS Eltanin (T-AK-270)]] *{{le|Kui-keh (ki-su̍t piau-chún)|Specification (technical standard)}} (Kui-keh (ki-su̽t piau-tsún)/Specification (technical standard)/tsu-guân/諸元) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{div col|2}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Strait of Magellan|Strait of Magellan}} * {{Commons-inline|Category:Lord Londsdale (ship)|Ship Lord Londsdale, a wreckship}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3972 The First Map of the Strait of Magellan, 1520] from 1800 {{en}} {{la}} * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/52 Map of the Strait of Magellan and Part of the Land of Fire, Prepared in 1786] {{en}} {{es}} via [[World Digital Library|World Digital Archive]] {{en}} * {{Citation |author = Ministerio de Obras Públicas de Chile |author-link = Ministry of Public Works (Chile) |year = 2012 |title = Cartas camineras 2010 in 200 dpi and 70 dpi resolution available |chapter = Maps of all regions of Chile |chapter-url = http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm |type = Maps |publisher = Government of Chile |language = es |access-date = 20 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120904060553/http://www.mapas.mop.cl/CARTAS%20CAMINERAS.htm|archive-date = September 4, 2012 |title-link = Dots per inch}} {{en}} *[https://worldhistoryproject.org/1520/11/1/ferdinand-magellan-discovers-and-explores-strait-of-magellan Nov 1 1520 to Nov 28 1520 Ferdinand Magellan discovers and explores Strait of Magellan] [[World History Project]] {{en}} *[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Strait+of+Magellan/@-53.0825315,-76.0931187,1378051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0xbdad5ffe81e44c75:0xa9099702e9f8ce57!8m2!3d-53.5888172!4d-70.759749 Satellite image, Strait of Magellan] via [[Google Maps]] {{en}} * [[United States Hydrographic Office]], [https://archive.org/details/southamericapil01offigoog South America Pilot] (1916) {{en}} {{div col end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Strait Of Magellan}} [[Category:Magellan hái-kiap| ]] [[Category:Chile ê hái-kiap|Magellan]] [[Category:Magallanes tē-khu ê chúi-e̍k]] 28ju8k29qjia6w6nsg5mlkiwnqy40pu 10 1079826 3132849 2022-08-07T17:34:39Z Andreicuax 54001 <includeonly>{{#invoke:ilh|main |lang-code=nl |1={{{1|{{{2|}}}}}} |2={{{2|}}} |d={{{d|{{{3|}}}}}} |nocat={{{nocat|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Internal link helper/doc}} </noinclude> ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:ilh|main |lang-code=nl |1={{{1|{{{2|}}}}}} |2={{{2|}}} |d={{{d|{{{3|}}}}}} |nocat={{{nocat|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Internal link helper/doc}} </noinclude> szgkpe03x4n97ahihvppbt2aatkxibn 3132850 3132849 2022-08-07T17:36:30Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:ilh|main |lang-code=nl |1={{{1|{{{2|}}}}}} |2={{{2|}}} |d={{{d|{{{3|}}}}}} |nocat={{{nocat|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation|Template:Internal link helper/doc}}</noinclude> mt2a2linyw0wgvyb47we501iazcga3d 3132851 3132850 2022-08-07T17:38:25Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{ill|{{{1}}}|lt={{{3|}}}|nl|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Always substitute|auto=yes}} <templatedata> { "params": { "Article title in the Southern Min Wikipedia": {}, "Article title in the English Wikipedia": {}, "Display text (in Southern Min)": {} }, "description": "Helper template to create a link to an article which exists in the Japanese Wikipedia but not yet on the Southern Min Wikipedia, using {{Interlanguage link}} instead of the deleted {{Internal link helper}}", "format": "inline" } </templatedata> </noinclude> egyp9fxzfwo0rrxwci0wjdnd6uz6s3g 0 1079827 3132897 2022-08-08T07:23:25Z Andreicuax 54001 '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本 }}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]… ê ia̍h í-keng kiàn-li̍p wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本 }}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} tíng-tíng khì-gia̍p kong-si. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] sqovi1gb4ibira0aoqdnpjxa9ume275 3132898 3132897 2022-08-08T07:25:54Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = China Development Financial Holding Corporation | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (chairman)|Steve Bertamini (president and CEO)}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = CDIB Capital Group<br />KGI Bank<br />KGI Securities<br />China Life | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本 }}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} tíng-tíng khì-gia̍p kong-si. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] qb5jv65vllwppeidcggezxvc9qdpwz5 3132899 3132898 2022-08-08T07:27:18Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (chairman)|Steve Bertamini (president and CEO)}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = CDIB Capital Group<br />KGI Bank<br />KGI Securities<br />China Life | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本 }}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} tíng-tíng khì-gia̍p kong-si. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 9w2ovm9t4520cd8fpsku5vyezjgp3ko 3132900 3132899 2022-08-08T07:33:43Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúnn; thîng-tsit)<ref>https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = CDIB Capital Group<br />KGI Bank<br />KGI Securities<br />China Life | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本 }}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} tíng-tíng khì-gia̍p kong-si. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] esehze7zadwmrq19re630xnzh681mz3 3132901 3132900 2022-08-08T07:37:48Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsù-kái */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúnn; thîng-tsit)<ref>https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = CDIB Capital Group<br />KGI Bank<br />KGI Securities<br />China Life | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本 }}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} tíng-tíng khì-gia̍p kong-si. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] hacvtj84pmv4tqh5kgagwxcmn6ydvoc 3132902 3132901 2022-08-08T07:42:40Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúnn; thîng-tsit)<ref>https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = CDIB Capital Group<br />KGI Bank<br />KGI Securities<br />China Life | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本 }}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} tíng-tíng khì-gia̍p kong-si. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] jtawb7q18lvk1rv3s9pq8yagdfgzw80 3132904 3132902 2022-08-08T07:45:52Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúnn; thîng-tsit)<ref>https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = CDIB Capital Group<br />KGI Bank<br />KGI Securities<br />China Life | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本 }}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} tíng-tíng khì-gia̍p kong-si. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] i0ux81g48ptb8p6e41c5v6wvcpre768 3132905 3132904 2022-08-08T08:22:47Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúnn; thîng-tsit)<ref>https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = CDIB Capital Group<br />KGI Bank<br />KGI Securities<br />China Life | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本 }}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} tíng-tíng khì-gia̍p kong-si. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] p14sxyzvj97u4jo3gwvzfoensllxiua 3132906 3132905 2022-08-08T08:25:00Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúnn; thîng-tsit)<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = CDIB Capital Group<br />KGI Bank<br />KGI Securities<br />China Life | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本 }}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} tíng-tíng khì-gia̍p kong-si. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] sd5ybps0xblzz53p2gj7a0o76k6e02y 3132907 3132906 2022-08-08T08:26:01Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúñ; thîng-tsit)<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = CDIB Capital Group<br />KGI Bank<br />KGI Securities<br />China Life | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本 }}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[tíng-tíng]] khì-gia̍p [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] fil48vx0cb6ou33ts4u3sipdis3hy8z 3132908 3132907 2022-08-08T08:27:10Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúñ; thîng-tsit)<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = CDIB Capital Group<br />KGI Bank<br />KGI Securities<br />China Life | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本 }}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] khì-gia̍p [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 24zp4cutow2c4i9dow9gln07ni4caae 3132909 3132908 2022-08-08T08:28:47Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúñ; thîng-tsit)<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = CDIB Capital Group<br />KGI Bank<br />KGI Securities<br />China Life | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本 }}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] khì-gia̍p [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 795nw62rfmkyrg3p81oehhvnxb3of1b 3132910 3132909 2022-08-08T08:30:49Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúñ; thîng-tsit)<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] khì-gia̍p [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 6a4ewqvk220ij4rivspipzoryltdl80 3132912 3132910 2022-08-08T08:34:03Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúñ; thîng-tsit)<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] khì-gia̽p [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 64dg53jh6pj8e5z0iuwd3qw6q2cgs4f 3132913 3132912 2022-08-08T08:35:19Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúñ; thîng-tsit)<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, kán-tshing "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] j5qheyskvw95zevlc49ly9pr4xgzsr4 3132914 3132913 2022-08-08T08:36:13Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúñ; thîng-tsit)<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "Khai-huat kim-khòng" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] rjt4kdm9zcgfmqtlis47ixymkm2unly 3132915 3132914 2022-08-08T08:36:45Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúñ; thîng-tsit)<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] ctwewq2hi01rlm0r6fsqhcblgoez4ld 3132916 3132915 2022-08-08T08:37:03Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|[[Chang Chia-juch]] (Táng-sū-tiúñ; thîng-tsit)<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] f289d3ki2rfaworu0shwoyej5tm4is0 3132917 3132916 2022-08-08T08:40:53Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} (Táng-sū-tiúñ; thîng-tsit)<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] gmcktbk4suhoenk4owlfut7q01vz6nw 3132918 3132917 2022-08-08T08:43:55Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} (Táng-sū-tiúñ; {{le|Thêng-chit|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620元 | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] mhymuxy4i5oydv2yxnmmkx4lruj75yk 3132919 3132918 2022-08-08T08:45:28Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} (Táng-sū-tiúñ; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 9hs6x7u2wkonon0lfy5awr9d250nyto 3132920 3132919 2022-08-08T08:46:06Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | founded = 28 December 2001 | hq_location = [[Songshan District, Taipei]], Taiwan | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] i26a0m4icr75amya886ib394hx8a3iz 3132921 3132920 2022-08-08T08:55:18Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>（2001年12月28日上市） | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TWN}} <br/>[[臺北市]][[松山區 (臺北市)|松山區]][[敦化北路 (台北市)|敦化北路]]135號 | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] kp5xiqayxnotvf5nxiifpzte2ipvosy 3132922 3132921 2022-08-08T08:56:59Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TWN}} <br/>[[臺北市]][[松山區 (臺北市)|松山區]][[敦化北路 (台北市)|敦化北路]]135號 | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 1vmvferquqsrg1018yf6m3grem71aqn 3132923 3132922 2022-08-08T08:57:45Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[臺北市]][[松山區 (臺北市)|松山區]][[敦化北路 (台北市)|敦化北路]]135號 | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 3zgaqy8676didxoquyyivpvib5eov1v 3132924 3132923 2022-08-08T09:01:32Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]]135號 | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 6e9hf46yo08a3410sfw3fymktn6tnun 3132925 3132924 2022-08-08T09:01:54Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Finance | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 3prypfoczakgf0h55c7n9xhp78axb9k 3132926 3132925 2022-08-08T09:02:25Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[New Taiwan Dollar|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] jhu9drxqk43te2yrfqvw3qbmqukzgg9 3132927 3132926 2022-08-08T09:03:01Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 | equity = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] m1d6rqyzgr20u0h3yu5lfu0p3wy31ty 3132928 3132927 2022-08-08T09:04:29Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 3xnrd8ngsxax4c3ipw9k7gc3t6px457 3132929 3132928 2022-08-08T09:06:52Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini (tsóng-tshâi hām tsóng-king-lí}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] e7pm261zb6g1owog5aihbpixku145ck 3132930 3132929 2022-08-08T09:09:21Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini ([[Chóng-chhâi|tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|tsóng-king-lí}}}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 3guz2tqnu6h2wtlq75qu7qxkrsgu46u 3132931 3132930 2022-08-08T09:09:46Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini ([[Chóng-chhâi|tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 80sabvca3o8hv5lge69bt7qclokj3rh 3132932 3132931 2022-08-08T09:20:50Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini ([[Chóng-chhâi|tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsi̍t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|khì-gia̽p kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] 08u2cqcra5co1le2stoxalmm6uexvjq 3132933 3132932 2022-08-08T09:25:43Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini ([[Chóng-chhâi|tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|Su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] opo37vz4c9poi08v6830w4ijwpwitdg 3132934 3132933 2022-08-08T09:25:57Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini ([[Chóng-chhâi|tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company}}. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] rszoz4sozx69x8huuh1cfhjkgtl12ir 3132935 3132934 2022-08-08T09:26:28Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok]}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini ([[Chóng-chhâi|tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company|su-jîn}} [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] raj8rje6pse56g46spxfu2w0y10x9o9 3132936 3132935 2022-08-08T09:27:09Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Steve Bertamini ([[Chóng-chhâi|tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company|su-jîn}} [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] tgmr3pnjl7082drsrczac75pq91xfji 3132937 3132936 2022-08-08T09:28:59Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Pông Ti̍k-bīng ([[Chóng-chhâi|tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company|su-jîn}} [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] arx4hifdfxtsfap3u09pn46m7jonft2 3132938 3132937 2022-08-08T09:29:53Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Pông Tik-bîng ([[Chóng-chhâi|tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company|su-jîn}} [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] saxb7ur8kkbsvdsv0mwue3l2n3x1wmw 3132939 3132938 2022-08-08T09:31:15Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]][[Siông-san-khu]][[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Pông Tik-bîng ([[Chóng-chhâi|Tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|Tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company|su-jîn}} [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] kaqr5khtjhum83t3xftt5vvmjvxq4wi 3132940 3132939 2022-08-08T09:31:39Z Andreicuax 54001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]] [[Siông-san-khu]] [[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Pông Tik-bîng ([[Chóng-chhâi|Tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|Tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company|su-jîn}} [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] covhr3uuk2yrd9pms6iztzf3opj22qn 3132941 3132940 2022-08-08T11:19:40Z Andreicuax 54001 /* Tsham-ua̍t */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = {{small|Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si}} | logo = | image = China Life Taipei College development construction site 20190901a.jpg | image_size = 230px | image_caption = CDF headquarters | type = Bank Holding Company, Public Company | industry = Kim-iông-gia̍p | traded_as = {{twse|2883}}<br>(2001-nî 12-gue̍h 28-ji̍t tsiūñ-tshī) | foundation = 2001年12月28日（{{age in years and days|2001|12|28|age=no}}） | location = {{ROC-TW}} <br/>[[Tâi-pak-chhī|Tâi-pak-tshī]] [[Siông-san-khu]] [[Tun-hòa pak-lō͘ (Tâi-pak-chhī)|Tun-huà pak-lōo]] 135-hō | key_people = {{ubl|{{link-zh|Tiong Ka-chiok|張家祝|Tiuñ Ka-tsiok}} ([[Táng-sū-tiúⁿ|Táng-sū-tiúñ]]; {{le|Thêng-chit (chhú-hoa̍t)|Suspension (punishment)|thîng-tsit}})<ref>"開發金將財、業務洩露給辜仲瑩 遭重罰2千萬、董事長停職半年、總經理減薪"[https://tw.stock.yahoo.com/news/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E9%87%91%E5%B0%87%E8%B2%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B4%A9%E9%9C%B2%E7%B5%A6%E8%BE%9C%E4%BB%B2%E7%91%A9-%E9%81%AD%E9%87%8D%E7%BD%B0-2-%E5%8D%83%E8%90%AC%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E9%95%B7%E5%81%9C%E8%81%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%81%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%93%E7%90%86%E6%B8%9B%E8%96%AA-081744466.html],Yahoo財經,2022-8-2日 Tue. {{zh}}</ref>|Pông Tik-bîng ([[Chóng-chhâi|Tsóng-tshâi]] hām {{le|chóng-keng-lí|General manager|Tsóng-king-lí}})}} | assets = [[Sin-tâi-phiò|NTD]]$3,498,255,860 guân | capital = NTD$149,763,033,620 guân | owners = Chin Wen Investment Co., LTD <br />Jing Kwan Investment Co., LTD.<br /> [[Bank of Taiwan]] | subsid = {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}<br />[[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]]<br />{{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}<br />{{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} | website = {{url|https://www.cdfholding.com/en}} }} '''Tiong-huâ khai-huat kim-iông khòng-kóo kóo-hūn iú-hiān kong-si''' ([[hàn-gú]]: 中華開發金融控股股份有限公司, [[Kán-chhing|kán-tshing]] "'''Khai-huat kim-khòng'''" (開發金控); [[ing-gú]]: China Development Financial Holding Corporation）sī [[Tiong-huâ bîn-kok]] ê tsı̽t-king {{le|kim-khòng kong-si|Bank holding company}}, khì-gia̍p hi̍k-sim uî {{link-zh|Tiong-huâ khai-huat tsu-pún|中華開發資本}}, [[Khái-ki siong-gia̍p gîn-hâng]], {{le|Khái-ki .chèng-koàn|凱基證券|Khái-ki tsìng-kuàn}}, {{le|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám (Tâi-oân)|China Life Insurance Company (Taiwan)|Tiong-kok jîn-siū pó-hiám}} [[Et cetera|tíng-tíng]] {{le|su-jîn kong-si|Privately held company|su-jîn}} [[kong-si]]. ==Tsù-kái== {{reflist}} ==Tsham-ua̍t== {{div col|2}} *[[Ko͘ Tiōng-êng]] *{{le|AIM-120 AMRAAM|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} *{{le|Antonov An-2|Antonov An-2}} *{{le|Bí-kok kok-ka kì-liām-khu|National monument (United States)}} (National monument (United States)) *{{le|Chio̍h-eng|Quartz}} (Tsio̍h-ing/Quartz) *{{le|Kham-ko|Crucible}} (Crucible/坩堝/iûñ-khòng-lôo) *{{le|Khim-tēng hiàn-hoat tāi-kong (1908)|Principles of the Constitution (1908)}} (Khim-tīng hèn-huat tāi-kong (1908)/Principles of the Constitution (1908)) *{{le|Hiàn-hoat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)|Nineteen Articles}} (Hèn-huat tiōng-tāi sìn-tiâu 19-tiâu (1911)/Nineteen Articles) *{{le|Pian-têng kang-kū|Programming tool}} (Pen-tîng kang-kū/Programming tool) *[[Contre-jour]] (tsián-íng (liap-iáñ); [[POJ|poj]]: chián-éng (liap-iáⁿ); [[eng-gí]]: contre-jour, photographic profile; [[hàn-gí]]: 剪影 (攝影), 逆光拍攝) *[[Sìn-sit]] (siau-sit; [[eng-gí]]: message; [[hàn-gí]]: 訊息, 消息) *[[NASA chhim-khong bāng-lō͘]] (NASA tshim-khong bāng-lōo, tshim-khong bāng-lōo; [[POJ|poj]]: chhim-khong bāng-lō͘; NASA Deep Space Network; 美國太空總署深空網路, 美國太空總署深太空網路, 深空網絡) *[[Ki-sin]] ([[eng-gí]]: fuselage (body); [[hàn-gí]]: 機身) *[[Gōa-hō]] (guā-hō, tshiok-hō; [[eng-gí]]: nickname; [[hàn-gí]]: 綽號, 外號, 暱稱) *{{le|Bōng-á-po͘|Cemetery}} (Bōng-á-poo/Cemetery) *{{le|Lí-iâ chîn kán|里耶秦简}} (Lí-iâ tsîn kán/里耶秦簡) *{{link-zh|Tō-hâm hoān-hái kiàn-bûn-lio̍k|道咸宦海見聞錄}} (Tō-hâm huān-hái kèn-bûn-lio̍k/道咸宦海見聞錄) *[[Eng-kok kok-hông-pō͘]] (Ing-kok kok-hông-pō͘; [[eng-gí]]: Ministry of Defence (MoD); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國防部) *[[Eng-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-koán]] (Ing-kok kok-ka tóng-àn-kuán; [[eng-gí]]: The National Archives (TNA); [[hàn-gí]]: 英國國家檔案館) *{{le|Chhut-pán-bu̍t|Publication}} (tshut-pán-bu̍t/Publication) *{{le|Pán-pún koân|Publication right}} (Pán-pún kuân/Publication right) *{{le|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)|USNS Howard O. Lorenzen (T-AGM-25)}} *{{linek-zh|Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē|唐朝行政區劃}} (Tông-tiâu hîng-tsìn khu-uē/唐朝行政區劃) *{{le|Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē|Roman assemblies}} (Lômá jîn-bîn tāi-huē/Roman assemblies) *{{le|Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan|List of countries by tax rates}} (Sè-kài kok-tē suè-lu̍t lia̍t-tan/List of countries by tax rates) *{{le|Ji̍t-pún hái-siong pó-an-thiañ|Japan Coast Guard}} (Japan Coast Guard) *{{le|Kok-tsè hái-siong pī-pōng kui-tsik kong-iok|International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea}} (International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea) *{{le|Tiong kái-sek-tō͘ sêng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè|Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer}} (Tiong kái-sik-tōo sîng-siòng hun-kong hok-siā-kè/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) *{{le|Pī kik|Aversive case}} (Aversive case) *{{le|Sin Tui|Xin Zhui}} (Xin Zhui) *{{le|RV Laurence M. Gould|RV Laurence M. Gould}} *{{le|Se-pō͘ lâm-ke̍k-tsiu|West Antarctica}} (West Antarctica) *{{le|Lâm-ke̍k kho-ha̍k gián-kiù-chām|Research stations in Antarctica}} （Research stations in Antarctica) *{{le|Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-koán|Museo Nao Victoria}} (Nao Victoria phok-bu̍t-kuán/Museo Nao Victoria) *{{le|Victoria hō|Victoria (ship)}} (Victoria (ship)) *{{le|Tián-thok Hiong-káng kài-chí choan-tiâu|Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory}} (Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory) *{{le|Chiong-ke̍k chiàn-sū: la̍h-bu̍t (2022 tiān-iáⁿ)}} (Tsiong-ki̍k tsèn-sū: la̽h-bu̍t (tēn-iáñ)/Prey (2022 film)) *{{le|Comanche-jîn|Comanche}} (Comanche- jîn/Comanche/Comanche-lâng) *{{link-zh|Siraya grammar|西拉雅語文法}} *{{link-ru|Tuā-mn̂g kàu-tn̂g|Надвратная церковь}} (Надвратная церковь) *{{le|Washington hêng-tō͘ Delaware-hô (1851 hōe-ōe)|Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)}} (Washington hîng-tōo Delaware-hô (1851 huē-uē)/Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)) *{{le|AIM-120 tō-tān|AIM-120 AMRAAM}} (AIM-120 AMRAAM) {{div col end}} ==Guā-pōo lên-ket== {{commons category|China Development Financial Holdings}} * [http://www.cdfholding.com 中華開發金融控股公司] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cdibh.com/ |date=20201122160100 }} * {{youtube|user=2883CDF|中華開發金控}} [[Category:2001 establishments in Taiwan]] [[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]] [[Category:Companies based in Taipei]] [[Category:Financial services companies established in 2001]] hxal605h6xuktw0hhh6nzjnjhpn7t1x 0 1079828 3132911 2022-08-08T08:31:41Z Andreicuax 54001 Choán khì [[Khái-ki Siong-gia̍p Gîn-hâng]] wikitext text/x-wiki #重新導向 [[Khái-ki Siong-gia̍p Gîn-hâng]] 55a4dyajbprz4eml36s3nl99zfugrht