Wiktionary zhwiktionary https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5 MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.1 case-sensitive Media Special Talk User User talk Wiktionary Wiktionary talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Appendix Appendix talk Transwiki Transwiki talk Rhymes Rhymes talk Thesaurus Thesaurus talk Citations Citations talk Reconstruction Reconstruction talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 8 951 9959642 3784705 2026-11-02T23:10:10Z Maintenance script 41826 Use thumb.wikimedia.org for thumbnails ([[phab:T427465]], Operator: Ladsgroup) 9959642 css text/css /* {{TOC右}} == 字体 == === 自动包绕 === <pre> */ #globalWrapper {font-size: 130%;} /* </pre> === 字的大小定为115% === <pre> */ #bodyContent {font-size:115%;} /* </pre> === 强制读者的浏览器以[[:w:Unicode|统一码]]显示 === <pre> */ #bodyContent { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans','Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande','Doulos SIL','Arial Unicode MS','Charis SIL','TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Code2000','MV Boli',sans-serif; 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MediaWiki版本 | {{CURRENTVERSION}} |- ! 詞條數量 | [[Special:Statistics|'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''']] |- ! 總頁面數 | {{NUMBEROFPAGES}} |- ! 已編碼的語言數量 | {{#invoke:list of languages|count}} |- ! 檔案數量 | {{NUMBEROFFILES}} |- ! 註冊用戶數 | {{NUMBEROFUSERS}} |- ! 活躍用戶數 | {{NUMBEROFACTIVEUSERS}} |- ! 管理員數量 | {{NUMBEROFADMINS}} |- ! 全站頁面編輯次數 | {{NUMBEROFEDITS}} |} 其他資料請參考[[Special:Statistics]]。 ==頁面== 本表是中文维基詞典詞條数依日期到達的里程碑，以每一万个词条为单位计数。<!-- 以下內容已不再更新 * 近期統計圖表（區分機器人與一般用戶，選擇zhwiktionary_p，每日自動更新）：[https://tools.wmflabs.org/wmcharts/wmchart0001.php 編輯次數]{{·}}[https://tools.wmflabs.org/wmcharts/wmchart0002.php 新增詞條數量]--> * 目前的詞條數：'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'''（{{重新整理|更新}}）。 {{Milestone}} ==与相邻语言版本的比较== 中文维基词典词条收录量为'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'''，在所有语言版本的詞典中[[meta:Wiktionary#List of Wiktionaries|'''位列第4''']]。 {{autoStat | 2026-10-01 | fr | mg | zh | th | el | 7019522 | 6071464 | 2392934 | 2207248 | 1677499 | 7019915 | 6074591 | 2393234 | 2207248 | 1677514 | 7020418 | 6075819 | 2393498 | 2207269 | 1677536 | 7020745 | 6076647 | 2393734 | 2207269 | 1678556 | 7021263 | 6078363 | 2394334 | 2207269 | 1694705 | 7021761 | 6079669 | 2394797 | 2207270 | 1694715 | 7022135 | 6081374 | 2395131 | 2207285 | 1694735 | 7022421 | 6082822 | 2395395 | 2207286 | 1694742 | 7022749 | 6084244 | 2395809 | 2207307 | 1694754 | 7023029 | 6085469 | 2396125 | 2207307 | 1694767 | 7023176 | 6085681 | 2396558 | 2207307 | 1694773 | 7023317 | 6085877 | 2397255 | 2207308 | 1699333 | 7023900 | 6086291 | 2397602 | 2207309 | 1699342 | 7024328 | 6086724 | 2398044 | 2207321 | 1702334 | 7024750 | 6087335 | 2398530 | 2207321 | 1710491 | 7025173 | 6087492 | 2398878 | 2207329 | 1712609 | 7025855 | 6087554 | 2399155 | 2207311 | 1712627 | 7026829 | 6087991 | 2399519 | 2207341 | 1712638 | 7027363 | 6090805 | 2400005 | 2207331 | 1712658 | 7028574 | 6099453 | 2400434 | 2207329 | 1712677 | 7029425 | 6107977 | 2400894 | 2207332 | 1712693 | 7030337 | 6115132 | 2401200 | 2207338 | 1712698 | 7030982 | 6125124 | 2401564 | 2207325 | 1712782 | 7031166 | 6132222 | 2401890 | 2207325 | 1712797 | 7031435 | 6140816 | 2402531 | 2207331 | 1712824 | 7031635 | 6149463 | 2403120 | 2207339 | 1712853 | 7032142 | 6158019 | 2403826 | 2207339 | 1712865 | 7032612 | 6166164 | 2404315 | 2207370 | 1712978 | 7032974 | 6173436 | 2404872 | 2207411 | 1712992 | 7033472 | 6179429 | 2405228 | 2207411 | 1713002 | 7033828 | 6187691 | 2405613 | 2207411 | 1713011 | 7034352 | 6193880 | 2406254 | 2207427 | 1713017 | 7035062 | 6196965 | 2406732 | 2207429 | 1720189 | 7035708 | 6203882 | 2407244 | 2207435 | 1758168 | 7036371 | 6210969 | 2407610 | 2207446 | 1779802 }} * 来源：[https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/display.php?t=wt Wikistats] 统计的具体时间为当日1时（UTC）左右，近似表示前一天的数据 * 关于里程碑，参见[[Wiktionary:宣告]] ==页面访问统计== 历史数据参见：[[Wiktionary:统计/存档]] ===总页面浏览量=== {{Collapse2|header=最近一年中文維基詞典的存取量|float=right |{{Graph:PageViews| 365 | _ |scale=sqrt}} }} {{Chart | chart = ZhWiktionary_Monthly_Pageviews_Since_2016.chart | align = center | title = 中文維基詞典歷年瀏覽量 }} 数据来源：[https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wiktionary.org/reading/total-page-views/normal|table|1-year|~total|monthly Total page views] ===热词=== 页面浏览量最高的词条： {{Wiktionary:統計/熱詞 |year=2024 |month=6 |t1=尛 |cat1=[[:Category:漢字|漢字]] |v1=5,385 |m1=82.8 |t2=。 |cat2=[[:Category:標點符號|標點符號]] |v2=5,355 |m2=94.4 |t3=! |cat3=[[:Category:標點符號|標點符號]] |v3=3,407 |m3=74.2 |t4=凪 |cat4=[[:Category:和製漢字|和製漢字]]|v4=3,120 |m4=62.0 |t5=雫 |cat5=[[:Category:和製漢字|和製漢字]] |v5= 3,114 |m5=64.6 |t6=又双叒叕 |cat6=[[:Category:漢語副詞|漢語副詞]] |v6=2,528 |m6=73.4 |t7=你好 |cat7=[[:Category:漢語感嘆詞|漢語感嘆詞]] |v7=2,513 |m7=41.1 |t8=昶 |cat8=[[:Category:漢字|漢字]] |v8=2,412 |m8=56.7 |t9=肉便器 |cat9=[[:Category:漢語名詞|漢語名詞]] |v9=2,345 |m9=78.4 |t10=辻 |cat10=[[:Category:和製漢字|和製漢字]] |v10=2,150 |m10=71.8 }} 数据来源：[https://pageviews.toolforge.org/topviews/?project=zh.wiktionary.org&platform=all-access&date={{CURRENTYEAR}}-{{CURRENTMONTH}}&excludes= Topviews Analysis - Most viewed pages of a project] ==收录词条== {{also|Wiktionary:统计/各语言词条}} ==参看== *[[Special:Statistics|基本统计]] [[Category:維基詞典統計]] efmeqqay6z3b8blf9nauebndajimz4m 0 17314 9959957 9360940 2026-11-03T11:39:41Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|apple|äpple}} ==英語== ===讀音=== * {{enPR|ă'pəl}}, {{IPA|en|/ˈæ.pəl/}} * {{hyphenation|en|Ap|ple}} ===專有名詞=== {{en-proper noun|~}} # {{lb|en|與「the」並用}} [[紐約市]]的[[綽號]]，通常用“the [[Big Apple]]”。 # {{lb|en|商標}} 一家[[公司]]/[[機構]]。 ## 如果指[[公司]]，則代表{{w|蘋果公司}}，曾稱「Apple Computer」，生產電腦和其他[[數碼]]設備，並銷售和生產多媒體事物。 ## 如果指[[多媒體]][[機構]]，則代表由披頭四樂團創立的（{{w|lang=en|Apple Corps|蘋果總公司}}）和[[唱片]][[公司]]（{{w|蘋果唱片}}）。 ##* {{quote-av|en|date=Mar 13 2016|title=w:Last Week Tonight with John Oliver|season=3|number=5|episode=Encryption|network=HBO|text=Listen, '''Apple'''’s not perfect. You need proof? We made the Newton. We made that one Mac that looks like a toaster. We actually thought the Apple Watch was cool.<br>Wait, this isn’t cool?<br>Oh, fuck no.<br>Shit!<br>We put a YouTube album on your phones. You know, the one you’ve been struggling to delete. That thing keeps coming back, huh? And we can’t even make out battery last more than, like, a day!}} # {{lb|en|rare|countable}} {{given name|en|女性|from=英語}}。 # {{lb|en|countable}} {{surname|en}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # 由蘋果公司生產的[[電腦]] #* {{RQ:Adams So Long|passage=Arthur bought the '''Apple''' anyway. Over a few days he also acquired some astronomical software, plotted the movements of stars, drew rough little diagrams of how he seemed to remember the stars to have been {{...}}}} ===統計數據=== * 根據2010年美國人口普查，「Apple」是美國第5,050常見的姓氏，共有6,948人使用，其中白人（89.45%）最多。 ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=aelpp|Appel|appel|pepla}} {{c|en|蘋果公司|行動電話|組織}} [[Category:來自普通名詞的英語姓氏]] ==宿霧語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|ceb|en|apple}}。 ===名詞=== {{head|ceb|名詞}} # {{given name|ceb|女性}} ==波蘭語== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|pl|en|Apple}}。 ===讀音=== {{pl-pr|epl|h=Apple}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|pl|專有名詞|g=m}} # [[w:蘋果公司|蘋果公司]] ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.anml.sg.acc:Apple.loc:Apple'u.voc:Apple>}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{C|pl|蘋果公司|行動電話}} ==西班牙語== ===專有名詞=== {{head|es|專有名詞}} # [[w:蘋果公司|蘋果公司]] i7rh45jvy9rnx539ue7yi3q4k6ixmd1 0 24395 9959643 6012868 2026-11-03T00:47:58Z Chihunglu83 87715 9959643 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英语== {{wp}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈsɛ.ɹɪb.ɹəl ˈkɔːtɛks/|/səˈɹiː.bɹəl ˈkɔːtɛks/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|/səˈɹiː.bɹəl ˈkɔɹtɛks/|/ˈsɛɹ.əb.ɹəl ˈkɔɹtɛks/|a=GA}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cerebral cortex.wav|a=Southern England}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun|cerebral cortices|+}} #大脑[[皮质]] [[Category:英语]] [[Category:動物學專有名詞]] [[Category:英语名词]] 5wdejf5zpox0s73ba26x07gdeq2o04l 0 25963 9959650 8037255 2026-11-03T05:25:38Z InternetArchiveBot 95668 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 9959650 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== {{wikipedia}} ===詞源=== {{prefix|en|hyper|text}}；{{coin|en|Q62852|in=1965|nocap=1}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈhaɪpəɹˌtɛkst/}} * {{hyphenation|en|hy|per|text}} * {{audio|en|en-us-hypertext.ogg|音頻（美國）}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun|~}} # {{lb|en|不可數}} [[超文字]]，[[超文本]] #* '''2009''', Christian Vandendorpe, Phyllis Aronoff, and Howard Scott (Phyllis Aronoff, Howard Scott, transl.), ''源自Papyrus to Hypertext: Toward the Universal Digital Library'', University of Illinois Press, {{ISBN|0252076257}}, p 1: #*: {{quote|en|We do not read '''hypertext''' the same way we read a novel, and browsing the Web is a different experience from reading a book or newspaper.}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1999|author=Ray McAleese|title=Hypertext: Theory into Practice|publisher=Intellect Books|isbn=9781871516289|pageurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=Z3rD8vVS2mAC&printsec=frontcover#PPA2,M1|page=2 |passage=Further, '''hypertext''' systems, because of their ease of construction, are very rich in text, graphics and visual illustrations.}} #* '''1995''', Gary Wolf, "The Curse of Xanadu", [https://web.archive.org/web/20051204104716/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.06/xanadu.html?pg=9&topic= WIRED] #*: {{quote|en|Did Nelson realize at the time that he had met Xanadu's second parent? Probably not. The inventor scattered his ideas as widely as possible, with little care about where they landed. But as the decades passed, it would be Gregory who oversaw the attempt to transform Xanadu into a real product. He never received much public notice, but through all the project's painful deaths and rebirths, Gregory's commitment to Nelson's dream of a universal '''hypertext''' library never waned. If Ted Nelson is Xanadu's profligate father, Roger Gregory is Xanadu's devoted mother, and in retrospect, his role appears to have been intertwined with a terrible element of sacrifice.}} # {{lb|en|可數}} [[超文件]] #* '''1969''', S. Carmody, W. Gross, T. Nelson, D. Rice, and A. van Dam, “A Hypertext Editing System for the /360”, in Michael Faiman and Jurg Nievergelt, ''Pertinent Concepts in Computer Graphics: Proceedings'', University of Illinois Press, p 296: #*: {{quote|en|A '''hypertext''' system, then, is a memex-like device for creating and manipulating '''hypertexts''', both for on-line browsing, and for reducing selected portions of such texts to.}} ====近義詞==== * {{l|en|non-linear text}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|en|Hypertext Transfer Protocol}}、{{l|en|HTTP}} * {{l|en|Hypertext Markup Language}}、{{l|en|HTML}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|en|hyperlink}} 3z2lcacm9k3xdceki1qcy224wtn65uf 0 28888 9959923 8745550 2026-11-03T11:38:29Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|moj|môj}} ==下索布语== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|dsb|moj||已被取代}} ===词源=== 源自{{inh|dsb|sla-pro|*mojь}}。 ===发音=== * {{IPA|dsb|/mɛj/|[mej]}} ===限定词=== {{head|dsb|限定詞|cat2=所有格限定詞}} # 我的 ====变格==== {{dsb-decl-det-50|mó|j}} ==古捷克语== ===词源=== 源自{{inh|zlw-ocs|sla-pro|*mojь}}。 ===限定词=== {{head|zlw-ocs|限定词|cat2=所有格限定詞}} # 我的 ====变格==== {{zlw-ocs-decl-adj |snomm=mój |snomf=má, mojě |snomn=mé, moje |sgenm=mého, méh |sgenf=mé, mej |sgenn=mého, méh |sdatm=mému, mém |sdatf=mej, mé |sdatn=mému, mém |saccm=mój, mého |saccf=mú (mou), moju |saccn=mé, moje |slocm=mém |slocf=mej, mé |slocn=mém |sinsm=mým |sinsf=mú (mou) |sinsn=mým |dnomm=má |dnomfn=moji |dgen=mú (mou), mojú |ddat=mýma |daccm=má |daccfn=moji |dloc=mú (mou) |dins=mýma |pnomm=moji, mí |pnomf=mé, mojě |pnomn=má, mojě |pgen=mých, mojich |pdat=mým, mojim |paccm=moji, mí |paccf=mé, mojě |paccn=má, mojě |ploc=mých, mojich |pins=mými, mojimi }} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|cs|můj}} ==波兰语== ===词源=== {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*mojь}}，源自{{der|pl|ine-pro|*h₁mo-yo}}。 ===发音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-mój.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-mój.wav;LL-Q809 (pol)-Krokus-mój.wav|mp=#}} ===代词=== {{head|pl|代詞|g=m}} # 我的 ====变格==== {{pl-adecl|<irreg.pos:pronoun>}} ====衍生词汇==== {{col3|pl|title=叹词|mój Boże}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} ==上索布语== ===词源 1=== 源自{{inh|hsb|sla-pro|*mojь}}。 ====限定词==== {{head|hsb|限定詞|cat2=所有格限定詞}} # 我的 =====变格===== {{hsb-decl-poss-pron|mój|moj}} ===词源 2=== 与{{cog|dsb|mej}}有关。 ====代词==== {{head|hsb|代詞|cat2=人稱代詞}} # 我们俩，我们两个（双数） =====变格===== {{hsb-decl-pron-58}} l0ce07faljk5y8xqa6q1lrcjit4b881 0 29428 9959927 8745648 2026-11-03T11:38:36Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959927 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{suffix|pl|tenis|owy}} ===發音=== * {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-tenisowy.wav}} ===形容詞=== {{pl-adj|-|adv=-}} # [[網球]]的 ====變格==== {{pl-adecl}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:PWN}} 4acvo8s2a4pvcwi4i0e6v3goytkxqb8 0 38522 9959964 9708119 2026-11-03T11:39:55Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959964 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英语== {{wp|lang=en}} ===其他形式=== * {{alt|en|adamaunt||obsolete}} ===詞源=== 源自{{inh|en|enm|adamant}}、{{m|enm|adamaunt}}，源自{{der|en|la|adamantem||}}，{{m|la|adamās||金剛石}}的賓格單數形式，源自{{der|en|grc|ἀδάμας||不可征服的}}，源自 {{m|grc|ἀ-||不}} + {{m|grc|δαμάζω||我馴服}}，或是閃米特語起源。{{doublet|en|diamond}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈæd.ə.mənt/|/ˈæd.ə.mænt/}} * {{audio|en|En-us-adamant.ogg|a=US}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Simplificationalizer-adamant.wav|a=New Jersey}} ===形容詞=== {{en-adj}} # [[堅定不移]]的、[[堅決]]的、[[不屈]]的、[[動搖]]不了的。 #* {{quote-book|en|title=Wildcatters: The True Story of how Conspiracy, Greed and the IRS ...|page=195|author=Charles Moncrief|year=2002|passage=Broiles and Kirkley were '''adamant''' about getting out of the lawsuit, but Mike and Dee were equally '''adamant''' about not wanting to sign a letter of apology}} #* {{quote-book|en|title=Confessions of the Dyslexic Virgin|page=275|author=Cara E. C. Vermaak|year=2006|passage=Johan is determined to play the field and '''adamant''' about never committing.}} #* {{quote-book|en|title=Maid to Match|page=94|author=Deeanne Gist|year=2010|passage=What good would such foolishness do a mountain man? But Pa had been '''adamant'''. Just as he'd been '''adamant''' about their reading, writing, numbers, geography, and languages. Just as he'd been '''adamant''' about using proper grammar}} #* {{quote-journal|en|journal=The Christian Science Monitor|date=2025-04-08|author1=Whitney Eulich|author2=Andrea Salcedo|titleurl=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Americas/2025/0408/trump-panama-canal-control-reclaim|title=For Panamanians, the canal is theirs. But who profits from it?|passage=Most Panamanians are '''adamant''' that the canal, completed in 1914, will not return to U.S. control.}} # [[堅硬無比]]的、[[堅不可摧]]的。 #* {{quote-text|en|year=1956|author=w:Arthur C. Clarke|title=The City and the Stars|page=34 |passage=Unprotected matter, however '''adamant''', would have been ground to dust ages ago.}} ====近義詞==== * 參見「[[類義詞庫:obstinate]]」 ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # {{senseid|en|imaginary}} [[精金]]。 #* {{quote-book|en|year=1582|author=[[w:en:Robert Parsons (Jesuit)|Robert Parsons]]|chapter=VIII|title=The First Booke of the Christian Exercise, Appertayning to Resolution|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gvbik25DcCgC&pg=PT144|location=|publisher=G. Flinton|page=|passage=This then is and alwayes hath ben the fashion of Worldlinges, & reprobate persons, to harden their hartes as an '''adamant''' stone, against anye thinge that shalbe tolde the for amendement of their lives, and for the savinge of their soules.}} #* {{RQ:King James Version|Ezekiel|3|9|passage=As an '''adamant''' harder than flint have I made thy forehead {{...}}}} #* {{RQ:Landon Romance|volume=I|page=162|passage=But this was a finale she ever avoided: an offer, like the rock of '''adamant''' in {{w|Sinbad}}'s voyages, finishes the attraction by destroying the vessel; {{...}}}} ## {{lb|en|historical|or|poetic}} 後指：[[鑽石]]、[[金剛石]]。 ## {{lb|en|poetic|archaic}} 後指：[[磁石]]、[[吸鐵石]]。 ##* {{RQ:Shakespeare Midsummer|passage=You draw me, you hard-hearted '''adamant''': / But yet you draw not iron, for all my heart / Is true as steel. Leave you your power to draw, / And I shall have no power to follow you.}} ## {{lb|en|obsolete|except|historical}} [[中和]]磁石之物。 ##* {{quote-book|en|year=1657|origyear=1608|author=Jean de Renou|translator=Richard Tomlinson|title=A Medicinal Dispensatory{{nb...}}|page=418|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBNmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA418|passage=An '''Adamant''' hinders the attractive vertue, as also Garlick rubbed on the Magnet; for its attractive faculty is not so valid, but it may be easily deluded, obscured, and superated {{...}}}} ##* {{quote-book|en|year=2012|author=Daryn Lehoux|title=What Did the Romans Knows? An Inquiry into Science and Worldmaking|isbn=9780226471143|page=139|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=inarWLt_-G0C&pg=PA139|passage=But we know from book 37 of the ''Natural History'' that '''adamant''' works on magnets in exactly the same way that garlic does: robbing them of their power to attract.}} # {{lb|en|figurative}} ## [[堅固性]]、不透性、攻不破性；(人的) [[冷靜]]、不[[動搖]]、[[無動於衷]]。 ##: {{syn|en|impassivity|impenetrability|impregnability|unmovability}} ##* {{RQ:Forster Longest Journey|chapter=XV|passage=Actual life might seem to her so real that she could not detect the union of shadow and '''adamant''' that men call poetry.}} ## {{lb|en|obsolete}} 具吸引力的人或物；磁石、磁鐵。 ====參見==== * {{sense|理想的坚硬材料}} {{l|en|unobtainium}} ===派生詞=== {{col|en |adamance<pos:n> |adamantane<pos:n> |adamantean<pos:a> |adamantine<pos:a> |adamantly<pos:adv> |adamantium<pos:n> }} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:OneLook}} * {{R:Webster 1913}} {{C|en|虛構物質}} ==康沃爾語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|kw|/ˈadamant/}} ===名詞=== {{kw-noun|m|r|}} # [[鑽石]] # 鑽石做的[[寶石]] ==愛爾蘭語== ===名詞=== {{ga-noun|f|adamainte|adamaintí}} # {{alternative form of|ga|adhmaint|t=精金，金刚石；磁石，磁铁}} ====變格==== {{ga-decl-f2|a|damant|damainte|pl=damaintí}} ===詞首音變=== {{ga-mut}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:ga:Ó Dónaill}} ==拉丁語== ===動詞=== {{head|la|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|la|adamō||3|p|pres|actv|indc}} ==中古英語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|enm|adamaunde|adamaunt|adamawnte|ademand|athamaunt}} ===詞源=== {{lbor|enm|la|adamantem}}，{{m|la|adamās}} 的賓格，源自{{der|enm|grc|ἀδάμας}}。{{dbt|enm|dyamaunt|adamas}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|enm|/adəˈmant/|/adəˈmau̯nt/|/ˈadəmant/|/ˈadəmau̯nt/}} ===名詞=== {{enm-noun}} # [[精金]]；[[金剛石]] # [[堅不可摧]]的物體 # [[天然]][[磁鐵]]；[[磁鐵礦]] ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|enm|adamantine}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|en|adamant}} * {{desc|sco|adamant}} {{qualifier|棄用}} ====延伸閱讀==== * {{R:MED Online|entry=adama(u)nt|pos=n|id=MED445 |accessdate=2018-05-11}} {{C|enm|寶石|礦物}} ==古法語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|fro|adamante|adamaunt|aimand|aimande|aimant|äimant|aimante|aymant|aimaunt|aimont|aamant|amant|amand|aimas}} ===詞源=== {{rfe|fro}} ===名詞=== {{fro-noun}} # [[精金]]；[[金剛石]]，[[鑽石]] # [[磁石]]，[[磁鐵]] ===延伸閱讀=== {{R:AND}} ==波蘭語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|pl|adamas|adament||Middle Polish}} ===詞源=== {{lbor|pl|la|adamās}}，源自{{der|pl|grc|ἀδάμας||堅不可摧的}}。<ref>{{R:pl:SXVII|ADAMANT|2134|KS|08.03.2012}}</ref>{{etydate|1525}}。{{ref|{{R:pl:SXVI|adamas|5214}}}} {{dbt|pl|diament}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|mp=#}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} # [[精金]]；[[金剛石]] #* {{quote-book|1=pl|publisher=Świat Książki|year=2008|author=Zygmunt Kubiak|title=Mitologia Greków i Rzymian|url=http://nkjp.uni.lodz.pl/ParagraphMetadata?pid=81c90f1ed2c27cbed0bd3f0fd496d54c&match_start=759&match_end=767&wynik=19#the_match|text=A pojawił się też opiekun wędrowców, Hermes, i wręczył młodzieńcowi sierp z '''adamantu'''.|t=流浪者的守护神赫尔墨斯也现身了，并给了年轻人一把'''精金'''做的镰刀}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.inan.sg>}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} # {{lb|pl|Middle Polish|mineral}} [[鑽石]] #: {{syn|pl|diament}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<lect:mpl.nom:adamant.gen:adamantu.acc:adament.nompl:adamanty>}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=形容詞|adamantowy}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=形容詞|adamantynowy}} {{col|pl|title=名詞|adamantan|adamantyn}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:SXVII|ADAMAS|2137|KS|08.03.2012}} * {{R:pl:SJP1900||7|1}} {{C|pl|誕生石}} ==羅馬尼亞語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|ro|cu|адамантъ}}。 ===名詞=== {{ro-noun|n|adamante}} # {{lb|ro|過時}} [[鑽石]] #: {{syn|ro|diamant}} ====變格==== {{ro-noun-n}} 54d17re9836ka7xoasnyousu7ftirpo 0 44751 9959631 6558831 2026-11-02T20:52:40Z 列维劳德 79702 9959631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|visít}} ==英文== ===詞源=== {{root|en|ine-pro|*weyd-}} 源自{{inh|en|enm|visiten}}，源自{{der|en|fro|visiter}}，源自{{der|en|la|vīsitō}}，{{m|la|vīsō||注視、考察}} 的頻動詞，源自 {{m|la|videō||看見}}<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=v|id=1871746711}}</ref>。與{{cog|osx|wīsōn|t=拜訪；侵襲}}、[[德語]]古詞 {{m|de|weisen|t=拜訪；侵襲}} 同源。取代了[[古英語]]本土詞{{m|ang|sēċan||拜訪}} 與 {{m|ang|sōcn||造訪}}。 The noun is from {{bor|en|fr|visite}} or the verb.<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=7308969320}}</ref> {{doublet|en|visite}}. ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈvɪzɪt/}} * {{audio|en|en-us-visit.ogg|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|ɪzɪt|s=2}} * {{hyphenation|en|vis|it}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[探望]]、[[慰問]] (病人或傷患) {{defdate|from 13th c.}} # {{lb|en|transitive|intransitive}} [[拜訪]]、[[看望]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #: {{ux|en|She decided to '''visit''' her grandparents for Christmas.|t=她決定在聖誕節時去'''看望'''祖父母。}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指上帝) [[顯聖]]、[[降臨]] {{defdate|from 13th c.}} #* {{RQ:KJV|Luke|1|68|passage=[God] hath '''visited''' and redeemed his people.}} #* {{RQ:King James Version|Ruth|1|6|passage=Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the {{smallcaps|Lord}} had '''visited''' his people in giving them bread.}} # {{lb|en|transitive|now|rare}} [[懲罰]]、[[加害]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{RQ:Gibbon Roman Empire|volume=68 |passage=Her life was spared by the clemency of the emperor, but he '''visited''' the pomp and treasures of her palace.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指疾病、悲劇等) [[侵襲]]、[[折磨]]、[[降臨]]於 {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1890|author=w:James George Frazer|title=w:The Golden Bough |passage=There used to be a sharp contest as to where the effigy was to be made, for the people thought that the house from which it was carried forth would not be '''visited''' with death that year.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[報復]]、[[懲戒]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{quote-video game|en|developer=Bungie|authorlink=Bungie|title=w:Halo 3|publisher=w:Microsoft Game Studios|date=25 September 2007|system=w:Xbox 360|level=[https://www.halopedia.org/Terminal_(Halo_3)#The_terminals Terminal Six (Legendary)]|passage=05-032 was right about one thing: there is only one way to defeat the enemy, and that is to '''visit''' utter annihilation on it.}} #* {{quote-journal|en|author=John Mullan|journal=The Guardian|date=2 Dec 2011 |passage=If this were an Ibsen play, we would be thinking of the sins of one generation being '''visited''' upon another, he said.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[參拜]]、[[朝聖]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[造訪]]、[[遊覽]]、[[光顧]] {{defdate|from 15th c.}} #* {{RQ:Maxwell Mirror and the Lamp|chapter=19|passage=Nothing was too small to receive attention, if a supervising eye could suggest improvements likely to conduce to the common welfare. Mr. Gordon Burnage, for instance, personally '''visited''' dust-bins and back premises, accompanied by a sort of village bailiff, going his round like a commanding officer doing billets.}} #* {{quote-web|en|year=2018|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/china-s-melting-glacier-brings-visitors-concern-over-climate-change/4627742.html|title=VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns |site=learningenglish.voanews.com |passage=Each year, millions of people '''visit''' the 4,570-meter-high Baishui Glacier in southern China. [[File:Each year, millions of people visit.ogg]]}} ====變位==== {{en-conj|old=1}} ====近義詞==== * {{sense|拜訪、看望}} {{l|en|call on}} ====派生詞==== {{col|en|visit a spell|intervisit|previsit|visitability|visitable|visitee|visitment}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # [[拜訪]]、[[造訪]] #: {{ux|en|Next time you're in Manchester, give me a '''visit'''.|t=下次你來曼徹斯特時，前來'''拜訪'''我一下吧。}} #: {{ux|en|We paid a quick '''visit''' to James on the way up to Scotland.|t=我們在前往蘇格蘭的路上，順道短暫'''拜訪'''了詹姆士。）}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1899|author=w:Stephen Crane |title=s:Twelve O'Clock|chapter=1 |passage=There was some laughter, and Roddle was left free to expand his ideas on the periodic '''visits''' of cowboys to the town. “Mason Rickets, he had ten big punkins a-sittin' in front of his store, an' them fellers from the Upside-down-F ranch shot 'em up […].”}} # {{lb|en|medicine|insurance}} [[就診]]、[[看診]]、[[出診]]；[[看醫生]] ====派生詞==== {{col|en|home visit|closed visit|educational visit|open visit|pay a visit|state visit|visit a spell|conjugal visit|flying visit|visitation|visitor|working visit|intervisit|intravisit|previsit|televisit}} ===相關詞彙=== * {{l|en|unvisited}} * {{l|en|visitation}} * {{l|en|visitor}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} 002edmoaawvhrqlg397q5q08tsbh6sb 9959632 9959631 2026-11-02T20:53:45Z 列维劳德 79702 9959632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|visít}} ==英文== ===詞源=== {{root|en|ine-pro|*weyd-}} 源自{{inh|en|enm|visiten}}，源自{{der|en|fro|visiter}}，源自{{der|en|la|vīsitō}}，{{m|la|vīsō||注視、考察}} 的頻動詞，源自 {{m|la|videō||看見}}<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=v|id=1871746711}}</ref>。與{{cog|osx|wīsōn|t=拜訪；侵襲}}、[[德語]]古詞 {{m|de|weisen|t=拜訪；侵襲}} 同源。取代了[[古英語]]本土詞{{m|ang|sēċan||拜訪}} 與 {{m|ang|sōcn||造訪}}。 名詞形式源自{{bor|en|fr|visite}}，或直接來自動詞本義<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=7308969320}}</ref>。{{doublet|en|visite}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈvɪzɪt/}} * {{audio|en|en-us-visit.ogg|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|ɪzɪt|s=2}} * {{hyphenation|en|vis|it}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[探望]]、[[慰問]] (病人或傷患) {{defdate|from 13th c.}} # {{lb|en|transitive|intransitive}} [[拜訪]]、[[看望]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #: {{ux|en|She decided to '''visit''' her grandparents for Christmas.|t=她決定在聖誕節時去'''看望'''祖父母。}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指上帝) [[顯聖]]、[[降臨]] {{defdate|from 13th c.}} #* {{RQ:KJV|Luke|1|68|passage=[God] hath '''visited''' and redeemed his people.}} #* {{RQ:King James Version|Ruth|1|6|passage=Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the {{smallcaps|Lord}} had '''visited''' his people in giving them bread.}} # {{lb|en|transitive|now|rare}} [[懲罰]]、[[加害]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{RQ:Gibbon Roman Empire|volume=68 |passage=Her life was spared by the clemency of the emperor, but he '''visited''' the pomp and treasures of her palace.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指疾病、悲劇等) [[侵襲]]、[[折磨]]、[[降臨]]於 {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1890|author=w:James George Frazer|title=w:The Golden Bough |passage=There used to be a sharp contest as to where the effigy was to be made, for the people thought that the house from which it was carried forth would not be '''visited''' with death that year.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[報復]]、[[懲戒]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{quote-video game|en|developer=Bungie|authorlink=Bungie|title=w:Halo 3|publisher=w:Microsoft Game Studios|date=25 September 2007|system=w:Xbox 360|level=[https://www.halopedia.org/Terminal_(Halo_3)#The_terminals Terminal Six (Legendary)]|passage=05-032 was right about one thing: there is only one way to defeat the enemy, and that is to '''visit''' utter annihilation on it.}} #* {{quote-journal|en|author=John Mullan|journal=The Guardian|date=2 Dec 2011 |passage=If this were an Ibsen play, we would be thinking of the sins of one generation being '''visited''' upon another, he said.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[參拜]]、[[朝聖]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[造訪]]、[[遊覽]]、[[光顧]] {{defdate|from 15th c.}} #* {{RQ:Maxwell Mirror and the Lamp|chapter=19|passage=Nothing was too small to receive attention, if a supervising eye could suggest improvements likely to conduce to the common welfare. Mr. Gordon Burnage, for instance, personally '''visited''' dust-bins and back premises, accompanied by a sort of village bailiff, going his round like a commanding officer doing billets.}} #* {{quote-web|en|year=2018|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/china-s-melting-glacier-brings-visitors-concern-over-climate-change/4627742.html|title=VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns |site=learningenglish.voanews.com |passage=Each year, millions of people '''visit''' the 4,570-meter-high Baishui Glacier in southern China. [[File:Each year, millions of people visit.ogg]]}} ====變位==== {{en-conj|old=1}} ====近義詞==== * {{sense|拜訪、看望}} {{l|en|call on}} ====派生詞==== {{col|en|visit a spell|intervisit|previsit|visitability|visitable|visitee|visitment}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # [[拜訪]]、[[造訪]] #: {{ux|en|Next time you're in Manchester, give me a '''visit'''.|t=下次你來曼徹斯特時，前來'''拜訪'''我一下吧。}} #: {{ux|en|We paid a quick '''visit''' to James on the way up to Scotland.|t=我們在前往蘇格蘭的路上，順道短暫'''拜訪'''了詹姆士。）}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1899|author=w:Stephen Crane |title=s:Twelve O'Clock|chapter=1 |passage=There was some laughter, and Roddle was left free to expand his ideas on the periodic '''visits''' of cowboys to the town. “Mason Rickets, he had ten big punkins a-sittin' in front of his store, an' them fellers from the Upside-down-F ranch shot 'em up […].”}} # {{lb|en|medicine|insurance}} [[就診]]、[[看診]]、[[出診]]；[[看醫生]] ====派生詞==== {{col|en|home visit|closed visit|educational visit|open visit|pay a visit|state visit|visit a spell|conjugal visit|flying visit|visitation|visitor|working visit|intervisit|intravisit|previsit|televisit}} ===相關詞彙=== * {{l|en|unvisited}} * {{l|en|visitation}} * {{l|en|visitor}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} qb1vezx7lhyxxazg3qjso3wh7vhxw13 9959633 9959632 2026-11-02T20:54:02Z 列维劳德 79702 9959633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|visít}} ==英文== ===詞源=== {{root|en|ine-pro|*weyd-}} 源自{{inh|en|enm|visiten}}，源自{{der|en|fro|visiter}}，源自{{der|en|la|vīsitō}}，{{m|la|vīsō||注視、考察}} 的頻動詞，源自 {{m|la|videō||看見}}<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=v|id=1871746711}}</ref>。與{{cog|osx|wīsōn|t=拜訪；侵襲}}、[[德語]]古詞 {{m|de|weisen|t=拜訪；侵襲}} 同源。取代了[[古英語]]本土詞{{m|ang|sēċan||拜訪}} 與 {{m|ang|sōcn||造訪}}。 名詞涵義源自{{bor|en|fr|visite}}，或直接來自動詞本義<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=7308969320}}</ref>。{{doublet|en|visite}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈvɪzɪt/}} * {{audio|en|en-us-visit.ogg|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|ɪzɪt|s=2}} * {{hyphenation|en|vis|it}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[探望]]、[[慰問]] (病人或傷患) {{defdate|from 13th c.}} # {{lb|en|transitive|intransitive}} [[拜訪]]、[[看望]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #: {{ux|en|She decided to '''visit''' her grandparents for Christmas.|t=她決定在聖誕節時去'''看望'''祖父母。}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指上帝) [[顯聖]]、[[降臨]] {{defdate|from 13th c.}} #* {{RQ:KJV|Luke|1|68|passage=[God] hath '''visited''' and redeemed his people.}} #* {{RQ:King James Version|Ruth|1|6|passage=Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the {{smallcaps|Lord}} had '''visited''' his people in giving them bread.}} # {{lb|en|transitive|now|rare}} [[懲罰]]、[[加害]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{RQ:Gibbon Roman Empire|volume=68 |passage=Her life was spared by the clemency of the emperor, but he '''visited''' the pomp and treasures of her palace.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指疾病、悲劇等) [[侵襲]]、[[折磨]]、[[降臨]]於 {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1890|author=w:James George Frazer|title=w:The Golden Bough |passage=There used to be a sharp contest as to where the effigy was to be made, for the people thought that the house from which it was carried forth would not be '''visited''' with death that year.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[報復]]、[[懲戒]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{quote-video game|en|developer=Bungie|authorlink=Bungie|title=w:Halo 3|publisher=w:Microsoft Game Studios|date=25 September 2007|system=w:Xbox 360|level=[https://www.halopedia.org/Terminal_(Halo_3)#The_terminals Terminal Six (Legendary)]|passage=05-032 was right about one thing: there is only one way to defeat the enemy, and that is to '''visit''' utter annihilation on it.}} #* {{quote-journal|en|author=John Mullan|journal=The Guardian|date=2 Dec 2011 |passage=If this were an Ibsen play, we would be thinking of the sins of one generation being '''visited''' upon another, he said.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[參拜]]、[[朝聖]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[造訪]]、[[遊覽]]、[[光顧]] {{defdate|from 15th c.}} #* {{RQ:Maxwell Mirror and the Lamp|chapter=19|passage=Nothing was too small to receive attention, if a supervising eye could suggest improvements likely to conduce to the common welfare. Mr. Gordon Burnage, for instance, personally '''visited''' dust-bins and back premises, accompanied by a sort of village bailiff, going his round like a commanding officer doing billets.}} #* {{quote-web|en|year=2018|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/china-s-melting-glacier-brings-visitors-concern-over-climate-change/4627742.html|title=VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns |site=learningenglish.voanews.com |passage=Each year, millions of people '''visit''' the 4,570-meter-high Baishui Glacier in southern China. [[File:Each year, millions of people visit.ogg]]}} ====變位==== {{en-conj|old=1}} ====近義詞==== * {{sense|拜訪、看望}} {{l|en|call on}} ====派生詞==== {{col|en|visit a spell|intervisit|previsit|visitability|visitable|visitee|visitment}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # [[拜訪]]、[[造訪]] #: {{ux|en|Next time you're in Manchester, give me a '''visit'''.|t=下次你來曼徹斯特時，前來'''拜訪'''我一下吧。}} #: {{ux|en|We paid a quick '''visit''' to James on the way up to Scotland.|t=我們在前往蘇格蘭的路上，順道短暫'''拜訪'''了詹姆士。）}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1899|author=w:Stephen Crane |title=s:Twelve O'Clock|chapter=1 |passage=There was some laughter, and Roddle was left free to expand his ideas on the periodic '''visits''' of cowboys to the town. “Mason Rickets, he had ten big punkins a-sittin' in front of his store, an' them fellers from the Upside-down-F ranch shot 'em up […].”}} # {{lb|en|medicine|insurance}} [[就診]]、[[看診]]、[[出診]]；[[看醫生]] ====派生詞==== {{col|en|home visit|closed visit|educational visit|open visit|pay a visit|state visit|visit a spell|conjugal visit|flying visit|visitation|visitor|working visit|intervisit|intravisit|previsit|televisit}} ===相關詞彙=== * {{l|en|unvisited}} * {{l|en|visitation}} * {{l|en|visitor}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} i7bdxev62rjgcymnm77czhilwubnbd3 9959634 9959633 2026-11-02T20:54:23Z 列维劳德 79702 9959634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|visít}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{root|en|ine-pro|*weyd-}} 源自{{inh|en|enm|visiten}}，源自{{der|en|fro|visiter}}，源自{{der|en|la|vīsitō}}，{{m|la|vīsō||注視、考察}} 的頻動詞，源自 {{m|la|videō||看見}}<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=v|id=1871746711}}</ref>。與{{cog|osx|wīsōn|t=拜訪；侵襲}}、[[德語]]古詞 {{m|de|weisen|t=拜訪；侵襲}} 同源。取代了[[古英語]]本土詞{{m|ang|sēċan||拜訪}} 與 {{m|ang|sōcn||造訪}}。 名詞涵義源自{{bor|en|fr|visite}}，或直接來自動詞本義<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=7308969320}}</ref>。{{doublet|en|visite}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈvɪzɪt/}} * {{audio|en|en-us-visit.ogg|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|ɪzɪt|s=2}} * {{hyphenation|en|vis|it}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[探望]]、[[慰問]] (病人或傷患) {{defdate|from 13th c.}} # {{lb|en|transitive|intransitive}} [[拜訪]]、[[看望]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #: {{ux|en|She decided to '''visit''' her grandparents for Christmas.|t=她決定在聖誕節時去'''看望'''祖父母。}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指上帝) [[顯聖]]、[[降臨]] {{defdate|from 13th c.}} #* {{RQ:KJV|Luke|1|68|passage=[God] hath '''visited''' and redeemed his people.}} #* {{RQ:King James Version|Ruth|1|6|passage=Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the {{smallcaps|Lord}} had '''visited''' his people in giving them bread.}} # {{lb|en|transitive|now|rare}} [[懲罰]]、[[加害]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{RQ:Gibbon Roman Empire|volume=68 |passage=Her life was spared by the clemency of the emperor, but he '''visited''' the pomp and treasures of her palace.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指疾病、悲劇等) [[侵襲]]、[[折磨]]、[[降臨]]於 {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1890|author=w:James George Frazer|title=w:The Golden Bough |passage=There used to be a sharp contest as to where the effigy was to be made, for the people thought that the house from which it was carried forth would not be '''visited''' with death that year.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[報復]]、[[懲戒]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{quote-video game|en|developer=Bungie|authorlink=Bungie|title=w:Halo 3|publisher=w:Microsoft Game Studios|date=25 September 2007|system=w:Xbox 360|level=[https://www.halopedia.org/Terminal_(Halo_3)#The_terminals Terminal Six (Legendary)]|passage=05-032 was right about one thing: there is only one way to defeat the enemy, and that is to '''visit''' utter annihilation on it.}} #* {{quote-journal|en|author=John Mullan|journal=The Guardian|date=2 Dec 2011 |passage=If this were an Ibsen play, we would be thinking of the sins of one generation being '''visited''' upon another, he said.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[參拜]]、[[朝聖]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[造訪]]、[[遊覽]]、[[光顧]] {{defdate|from 15th c.}} #* {{RQ:Maxwell Mirror and the Lamp|chapter=19|passage=Nothing was too small to receive attention, if a supervising eye could suggest improvements likely to conduce to the common welfare. Mr. Gordon Burnage, for instance, personally '''visited''' dust-bins and back premises, accompanied by a sort of village bailiff, going his round like a commanding officer doing billets.}} #* {{quote-web|en|year=2018|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/china-s-melting-glacier-brings-visitors-concern-over-climate-change/4627742.html|title=VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns |site=learningenglish.voanews.com |passage=Each year, millions of people '''visit''' the 4,570-meter-high Baishui Glacier in southern China. [[File:Each year, millions of people visit.ogg]]}} ====變位==== {{en-conj|old=1}} ====近義詞==== * {{sense|拜訪、看望}} {{l|en|call on}} ====派生詞==== {{col|en|visit a spell|intervisit|previsit|visitability|visitable|visitee|visitment}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # [[拜訪]]、[[造訪]] #: {{ux|en|Next time you're in Manchester, give me a '''visit'''.|t=下次你來曼徹斯特時，前來'''拜訪'''我一下吧。}} #: {{ux|en|We paid a quick '''visit''' to James on the way up to Scotland.|t=我們在前往蘇格蘭的路上，順道短暫'''拜訪'''了詹姆士。）}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1899|author=w:Stephen Crane |title=s:Twelve O'Clock|chapter=1 |passage=There was some laughter, and Roddle was left free to expand his ideas on the periodic '''visits''' of cowboys to the town. “Mason Rickets, he had ten big punkins a-sittin' in front of his store, an' them fellers from the Upside-down-F ranch shot 'em up […].”}} # {{lb|en|medicine|insurance}} [[就診]]、[[看診]]、[[出診]]；[[看醫生]] ====派生詞==== {{col|en|home visit|closed visit|educational visit|open visit|pay a visit|state visit|visit a spell|conjugal visit|flying visit|visitation|visitor|working visit|intervisit|intravisit|previsit|televisit}} ===相關詞彙=== * {{l|en|unvisited}} * {{l|en|visitation}} * {{l|en|visitor}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} tu534syfq8shm0dxlbq81wvouegpfjg 9959635 9959634 2026-11-02T20:54:51Z 列维劳德 79702 9959635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|visít}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{root|en|ine-pro|*weyd-}} 源自{{inh|en|enm|visiten}}，源自{{der|en|fro|visiter}}，源自{{der|en|la|vīsitō}}，{{m|la|vīsō||注視、考察}} 的頻動詞，源自 {{m|la|videō||看見}}<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=v|id=1871746711}}</ref>。與{{cog|osx|wīsōn|t=拜訪；侵襲}}、[[德語]]古詞 {{m|de|weisen|t=拜訪；侵襲}} 同源。取代了[[古英語]]本土詞 {{m|ang|sēċan||拜訪}} 與 {{m|ang|sōcn||造訪}}。 名詞涵義源自{{bor|en|fr|visite}}，或直接來自動詞本義<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=7308969320}}</ref>。{{doublet|en|visite}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈvɪzɪt/}} * {{audio|en|en-us-visit.ogg|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|ɪzɪt|s=2}} * {{hyphenation|en|vis|it}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[探望]]、[[慰問]] (病人或傷患) {{defdate|from 13th c.}} # {{lb|en|transitive|intransitive}} [[拜訪]]、[[看望]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #: {{ux|en|She decided to '''visit''' her grandparents for Christmas.|t=她決定在聖誕節時去'''看望'''祖父母。}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指上帝) [[顯聖]]、[[降臨]] {{defdate|from 13th c.}} #* {{RQ:KJV|Luke|1|68|passage=[God] hath '''visited''' and redeemed his people.}} #* {{RQ:King James Version|Ruth|1|6|passage=Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the {{smallcaps|Lord}} had '''visited''' his people in giving them bread.}} # {{lb|en|transitive|now|rare}} [[懲罰]]、[[加害]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{RQ:Gibbon Roman Empire|volume=68 |passage=Her life was spared by the clemency of the emperor, but he '''visited''' the pomp and treasures of her palace.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指疾病、悲劇等) [[侵襲]]、[[折磨]]、[[降臨]]於 {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1890|author=w:James George Frazer|title=w:The Golden Bough |passage=There used to be a sharp contest as to where the effigy was to be made, for the people thought that the house from which it was carried forth would not be '''visited''' with death that year.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[報復]]、[[懲戒]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} #* {{quote-video game|en|developer=Bungie|authorlink=Bungie|title=w:Halo 3|publisher=w:Microsoft Game Studios|date=25 September 2007|system=w:Xbox 360|level=[https://www.halopedia.org/Terminal_(Halo_3)#The_terminals Terminal Six (Legendary)]|passage=05-032 was right about one thing: there is only one way to defeat the enemy, and that is to '''visit''' utter annihilation on it.}} #* {{quote-journal|en|author=John Mullan|journal=The Guardian|date=2 Dec 2011 |passage=If this were an Ibsen play, we would be thinking of the sins of one generation being '''visited''' upon another, he said.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[參拜]]、[[朝聖]] {{defdate|from 14th c.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[造訪]]、[[遊覽]]、[[光顧]] {{defdate|from 15th c.}} #* {{RQ:Maxwell Mirror and the Lamp|chapter=19|passage=Nothing was too small to receive attention, if a supervising eye could suggest improvements likely to conduce to the common welfare. Mr. Gordon Burnage, for instance, personally '''visited''' dust-bins and back premises, accompanied by a sort of village bailiff, going his round like a commanding officer doing billets.}} #* {{quote-web|en|year=2018|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/china-s-melting-glacier-brings-visitors-concern-over-climate-change/4627742.html|title=VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns |site=learningenglish.voanews.com |passage=Each year, millions of people '''visit''' the 4,570-meter-high Baishui Glacier in southern China. [[File:Each year, millions of people visit.ogg]]}} ====變位==== {{en-conj|old=1}} ====近義詞==== * {{sense|拜訪、看望}} {{l|en|call on}} ====派生詞==== {{col|en|visit a spell|intervisit|previsit|visitability|visitable|visitee|visitment}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # [[拜訪]]、[[造訪]] #: {{ux|en|Next time you're in Manchester, give me a '''visit'''.|t=下次你來曼徹斯特時，前來'''拜訪'''我一下吧。}} #: {{ux|en|We paid a quick '''visit''' to James on the way up to Scotland.|t=我們在前往蘇格蘭的路上，順道短暫'''拜訪'''了詹姆士。）}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1899|author=w:Stephen Crane |title=s:Twelve O'Clock|chapter=1 |passage=There was some laughter, and Roddle was left free to expand his ideas on the periodic '''visits''' of cowboys to the town. “Mason Rickets, he had ten big punkins a-sittin' in front of his store, an' them fellers from the Upside-down-F ranch shot 'em up […].”}} # {{lb|en|medicine|insurance}} [[就診]]、[[看診]]、[[出診]]；[[看醫生]] ====派生詞==== {{col|en|home visit|closed visit|educational visit|open visit|pay a visit|state visit|visit a spell|conjugal visit|flying visit|visitation|visitor|working visit|intervisit|intravisit|previsit|televisit}} ===相關詞彙=== * {{l|en|unvisited}} * {{l|en|visitation}} * {{l|en|visitor}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ot6joyvlj1o63z04tlpmsa0zyzapn1m 9959636 9959635 2026-11-02T20:58:08Z 列维劳德 79702 9959636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|visít}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{root|en|ine-pro|*weyd-}} 源自{{inh|en|enm|visiten}}，源自{{der|en|fro|visiter}}，源自{{der|en|la|vīsitō}}，{{m|la|vīsō||注視、考察}} 的頻動詞，源自 {{m|la|videō||看見}}<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=v|id=1871746711}}</ref>。與{{cog|osx|wīsōn|t=拜訪；侵襲}}、[[德語]]古詞 {{m|de|weisen|t=拜訪；侵襲}} 同源。取代了[[古英語]]本土詞 {{m|ang|sēċan||拜訪}} 與 {{m|ang|sōcn||造訪}}。 名詞涵義源自{{bor|en|fr|visite}}，或直接來自動詞本義<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=7308969320}}</ref>。{{doublet|en|visite}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈvɪzɪt/}} * {{audio|en|en-us-visit.ogg|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|ɪzɪt|s=2}} * {{hyphenation|en|vis|it}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[探望]]、[[慰問]] (病人或傷患){{defdate|自 13 世紀}} # {{lb|en|transitive|intransitive}} [[拜訪]]、[[看望]]{{defdate|自 14 世紀}} #: {{ux|en|She decided to '''visit''' her grandparents for Christmas.|t=她決定在聖誕節時去'''看望'''祖父母。}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指上帝) [[顯聖]]、[[降臨]]{{defdate|自 13 世紀}} #* {{RQ:KJV|Luke|1|68|passage=[God] hath '''visited''' and redeemed his people.}} #* {{RQ:King James Version|Ruth|1|6|passage=Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the {{smallcaps|Lord}} had '''visited''' his people in giving them bread.}} # {{lb|en|transitive|now|rare}} [[懲罰]]、[[加害]]{{defdate|自 14 世紀}} #* {{RQ:Gibbon Roman Empire|volume=68 |passage=Her life was spared by the clemency of the emperor, but he '''visited''' the pomp and treasures of her palace.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指疾病、悲劇等) [[侵襲]]、[[折磨]]、[[降臨]]於{{defdate|自 14 世紀}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1890|author=w:James George Frazer|title=w:The Golden Bough |passage=There used to be a sharp contest as to where the effigy was to be made, for the people thought that the house from which it was carried forth would not be '''visited''' with death that year.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[報復]]、[[懲戒]]{{defdate|自 14 世紀}} #* {{quote-video game|en|developer=Bungie|authorlink=Bungie|title=w:Halo 3|publisher=w:Microsoft Game Studios|date=25 September 2007|system=w:Xbox 360|level=[https://www.halopedia.org/Terminal_(Halo_3)#The_terminals Terminal Six (Legendary)]|passage=05-032 was right about one thing: there is only one way to defeat the enemy, and that is to '''visit''' utter annihilation on it.}} #* {{quote-journal|en|author=John Mullan|journal=The Guardian|date=2 Dec 2011 |passage=If this were an Ibsen play, we would be thinking of the sins of one generation being '''visited''' upon another, he said.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[參拜]]、[[朝聖]]{{defdate|自 14 世紀}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[造訪]]、[[遊覽]]、[[光顧]]{{defdate|自 15 世紀}} #* {{RQ:Maxwell Mirror and the Lamp|chapter=19|passage=Nothing was too small to receive attention, if a supervising eye could suggest improvements likely to conduce to the common welfare. Mr. Gordon Burnage, for instance, personally '''visited''' dust-bins and back premises, accompanied by a sort of village bailiff, going his round like a commanding officer doing billets.}} #* {{quote-web|en|year=2018|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/china-s-melting-glacier-brings-visitors-concern-over-climate-change/4627742.html|title=VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns |site=learningenglish.voanews.com |passage=Each year, millions of people '''visit''' the 4,570-meter-high Baishui Glacier in southern China. [[File:Each year, millions of people visit.ogg]]}} ====變位==== {{en-conj|old=1}} ====近義詞==== * {{sense|拜訪、看望}} {{l|en|call on}} ====派生詞==== {{col|en|visit a spell|intervisit|previsit|visitability|visitable|visitee|visitment}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # [[拜訪]]、[[造訪]] #: {{ux|en|Next time you're in Manchester, give me a '''visit'''.|t=下次你來曼徹斯特時，前來'''拜訪'''我一下吧。}} #: {{ux|en|We paid a quick '''visit''' to James on the way up to Scotland.|t=我們在前往蘇格蘭的路上，順道短暫'''拜訪'''了詹姆士。）}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1899|author=w:Stephen Crane |title=s:Twelve O'Clock|chapter=1 |passage=There was some laughter, and Roddle was left free to expand his ideas on the periodic '''visits''' of cowboys to the town. “Mason Rickets, he had ten big punkins a-sittin' in front of his store, an' them fellers from the Upside-down-F ranch shot 'em up […].”}} # {{lb|en|medicine|insurance}} [[就診]]、[[看診]]、[[出診]]；[[看醫生]] ====派生詞==== {{col|en|home visit|closed visit|educational visit|open visit|pay a visit|state visit|visit a spell|conjugal visit|flying visit|visitation|visitor|working visit|intervisit|intravisit|previsit|televisit}} ===相關詞彙=== * {{l|en|unvisited}} * {{l|en|visitation}} * {{l|en|visitor}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} dlp50299i3zcpx5ijqpmfja3ku96int 9959637 9959636 2026-11-02T20:58:30Z 列维劳德 79702 /* 名詞 */ 9959637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|visít}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{root|en|ine-pro|*weyd-}} 源自{{inh|en|enm|visiten}}，源自{{der|en|fro|visiter}}，源自{{der|en|la|vīsitō}}，{{m|la|vīsō||注視、考察}} 的頻動詞，源自 {{m|la|videō||看見}}<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=v|id=1871746711}}</ref>。與{{cog|osx|wīsōn|t=拜訪；侵襲}}、[[德語]]古詞 {{m|de|weisen|t=拜訪；侵襲}} 同源。取代了[[古英語]]本土詞 {{m|ang|sēċan||拜訪}} 與 {{m|ang|sōcn||造訪}}。 名詞涵義源自{{bor|en|fr|visite}}，或直接來自動詞本義<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=7308969320}}</ref>。{{doublet|en|visite}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈvɪzɪt/}} * {{audio|en|en-us-visit.ogg|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|ɪzɪt|s=2}} * {{hyphenation|en|vis|it}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[探望]]、[[慰問]] (病人或傷患){{defdate|自 13 世紀}} # {{lb|en|transitive|intransitive}} [[拜訪]]、[[看望]]{{defdate|自 14 世紀}} #: {{ux|en|She decided to '''visit''' her grandparents for Christmas.|t=她決定在聖誕節時去'''看望'''祖父母。}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指上帝) [[顯聖]]、[[降臨]]{{defdate|自 13 世紀}} #* {{RQ:KJV|Luke|1|68|passage=[God] hath '''visited''' and redeemed his people.}} #* {{RQ:King James Version|Ruth|1|6|passage=Then she arose with her daughters in law, that she might return from the country of Moab: for she had heard in the country of Moab how that the {{smallcaps|Lord}} had '''visited''' his people in giving them bread.}} # {{lb|en|transitive|now|rare}} [[懲罰]]、[[加害]]{{defdate|自 14 世紀}} #* {{RQ:Gibbon Roman Empire|volume=68 |passage=Her life was spared by the clemency of the emperor, but he '''visited''' the pomp and treasures of her palace.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} (指疾病、悲劇等) [[侵襲]]、[[折磨]]、[[降臨]]於{{defdate|自 14 世紀}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1890|author=w:James George Frazer|title=w:The Golden Bough |passage=There used to be a sharp contest as to where the effigy was to be made, for the people thought that the house from which it was carried forth would not be '''visited''' with death that year.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[報復]]、[[懲戒]]{{defdate|自 14 世紀}} #* {{quote-video game|en|developer=Bungie|authorlink=Bungie|title=w:Halo 3|publisher=w:Microsoft Game Studios|date=25 September 2007|system=w:Xbox 360|level=[https://www.halopedia.org/Terminal_(Halo_3)#The_terminals Terminal Six (Legendary)]|passage=05-032 was right about one thing: there is only one way to defeat the enemy, and that is to '''visit''' utter annihilation on it.}} #* {{quote-journal|en|author=John Mullan|journal=The Guardian|date=2 Dec 2011 |passage=If this were an Ibsen play, we would be thinking of the sins of one generation being '''visited''' upon another, he said.}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[參拜]]、[[朝聖]]{{defdate|自 14 世紀}} # {{lb|en|transitive}} [[造訪]]、[[遊覽]]、[[光顧]]{{defdate|自 15 世紀}} #* {{RQ:Maxwell Mirror and the Lamp|chapter=19|passage=Nothing was too small to receive attention, if a supervising eye could suggest improvements likely to conduce to the common welfare. Mr. Gordon Burnage, for instance, personally '''visited''' dust-bins and back premises, accompanied by a sort of village bailiff, going his round like a commanding officer doing billets.}} #* {{quote-web|en|year=2018|url=https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/china-s-melting-glacier-brings-visitors-concern-over-climate-change/4627742.html|title=VOA Learning English > China's Melting Glacier Brings Visitors, Adds to Climate Concerns |site=learningenglish.voanews.com |passage=Each year, millions of people '''visit''' the 4,570-meter-high Baishui Glacier in southern China. [[File:Each year, millions of people visit.ogg]]}} ====變位==== {{en-conj|old=1}} ====近義詞==== * {{sense|拜訪、看望}} {{l|en|call on}} ====派生詞==== {{col|en|visit a spell|intervisit|previsit|visitability|visitable|visitee|visitment}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # [[拜訪]]、[[造訪]] #: {{ux|en|Next time you're in Manchester, give me a '''visit'''.|t=下次你來曼徹斯特時，前來'''拜訪'''我一下吧。}} #: {{ux|en|We paid a quick '''visit''' to James on the way up to Scotland.|t=我們在前往蘇格蘭的路上，順道短暫'''拜訪'''了詹姆士。}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1899|author=w:Stephen Crane |title=s:Twelve O'Clock|chapter=1 |passage=There was some laughter, and Roddle was left free to expand his ideas on the periodic '''visits''' of cowboys to the town. “Mason Rickets, he had ten big punkins a-sittin' in front of his store, an' them fellers from the Upside-down-F ranch shot 'em up […].”}} # {{lb|en|medicine|insurance}} [[就診]]、[[看診]]、[[出診]]；[[看醫生]] ====派生詞==== {{col|en|home visit|closed visit|educational visit|open visit|pay a visit|state visit|visit a spell|conjugal visit|flying visit|visitation|visitor|working visit|intervisit|intravisit|previsit|televisit}} ===相關詞彙=== * {{l|en|unvisited}} * {{l|en|visitation}} * {{l|en|visitor}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} gi0prnmfw4ybwz1x2scdva8btqvo205 0 84055 9959630 6616840 2026-11-02T20:36:42Z 列维劳德 79702 9959630 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈvɪzɪtɪd/}} * {{audio|en|en-us-visited.ogg|a=US}} * {{hyphenation|en|vis|it|ed}} ===動詞=== {{head|en|verb form}} # {{past participle of|en|visit|nocat=1}} ===形容詞=== {{en-adj}} # 受訪的、有人[[造訪]]的、被[[拜訪]]過的 ====派生詞==== {{col|en|nonvisited|overvisited|undervisited |unvisited}} s9oszdbu85t1u40tkepsjkou2zbto83 0 111979 9959592 8435736 2026-11-02T16:47:52Z TongcyDai 53191 9959592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Monseigneur}} ==英語== {{wp|en:}} ===其他形式=== * {{alter|en|Monseigneur}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|en|frm|monseigneur}}。{{doublet|en|monsieur|monsignor}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˌmɒnsɛˈnjəː/|a=UK}} * {{IPA|en|/mɒnˈsinjəɹ/|a=US}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun|s|messeigneurs}} # {{lb|en|古舊}} {{non-gloss|法國對顯要人物的[[尊稱]]，尤指[[舊制度]]時期}} # {{lb|en|古舊}} {{lb|en|特指}} {{non-gloss|法國[[王太子]]的頭銜}} ==荷蘭語== {{wp|nl:}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|nl|fr|monseigneur}}。 ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-monseigneur.ogg}} * {{hyphenation|nl|mon|seig|neur}} ===名詞=== {{nl-noun|m|-s|+}} # [[蒙席]]{{gloss|主教的尊稱}} # {{lb|nl|比利時}} [[殿下]]{{gloss|比利時王室部分男性成員的尊稱}} {{C|nl|羅馬天主教|稱謂}} ==法語== {{wp|fr:}} ===其他形式=== * {{alter|fr|Monseigneur}} ===詞源=== 源自{{uder|fr|fro|mon||我的}} + {{m|fr|seigneur||大人}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|Fr-monseigneur.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|m|messeigneurs,nosseigneurs}} # [[大人]]，[[閣下]] #* {{RQ:Hugo Misérables|volume=1|book=1|chapter=2|passage=—La salle à manger de '''monseigneur'''! s'écria le directeur stupéfait.|t=「『'''大人'''』的飯廳！」驚愕的院長喊道。}} # [[蒙席]] ====近義詞==== * {{l|fr|[[Mgr|M^gr]]}}{{gloss|縮寫}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|fr|monseigneuriser}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|fr|monsieur}} ====參見==== * {{l|fr|nosseigneurs}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} {{C|fr|稱謂}} ==印尼語== ===名詞=== {{head|id|名詞}} # {{alt sp|id|monsinyur}} h5g9mt6h2spe5pw3z3p1f2pq1c8bfms 0 142269 9959645 9507675 2026-11-03T01:46:02Z Chihunglu83 87715 9959645 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波斯語== ===詞源=== 來自{{bor|fa|ar|مُسْلِم}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|fa|[mosælˈmɒn]|[musælˈmɒn]}} ===名詞=== {{fa-noun|tr=mosalmân|pl=مسلمانان|pltr=mosalmânân|pl2=مسلمان‌ها|pl2tr=mosalmân-hâ}} # [[穆斯林]] ====變格==== {{fa-basic-c|mosalmân|an}} {{fa-pred-c|mosalmân}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|fa|مسلمانی|tr=mosalmâni}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|az|müsəlman|bor=1}} * {{desc|ba|мосолман|bor=1}} * {{desc|kk|мұсылман|bor=1}} * {{desc|ky|мусулман|bor=1}} * {{desc|lbe|бусурман|bor=1}} * {{desc|mn|мусульман|bor=1}} * {{desc|tt|мөселман|bor=1}} ** {{desc|be|мусульма́нін|bor=1}} ** {{desc|ru|мусульма́нин|bor=1}} ** {{desc|uk|мусульма́нин|bor=1}} * {{desctree|ota|مسلمان|bor=1}} * {{desc|ur|مسلمان|bor=1}} * {{desc|ug|مۇسۇلمان|bor=1}} * {{desc|uz|musulmon|bor=1}} {{分類|波斯語 伊斯蘭教}} ==烏爾都語== {{wikipedia|lang=ur}} ===詞源=== 源自{{bor|ur|fa|مسلمان|tr=mosalmân}} ← {{der|ur|ar|مُسْلِم}}。 ===發音=== * {{ur-IPA|musalmān}} ===名詞=== {{ur-noun|m|head=مُسَلْمان|hi=मुसलमान}} # [[穆斯林]] {{分類|烏爾都語 伊斯蘭教}} ==鄂圖曼土耳其語== ===詞源=== 源自{{bor|ota|fa|مسلمان|tr=mosalmân}} ← {{der|ota|ar|مُسْلِم}}。 ===名詞=== {{head|ota|名詞|tr=müsliman}} # [[穆斯林]] ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|tr|Müslüman}} * {{desc|sq|musliman|bor=1}} * {{desc|crh|musulman|bor=1}} * {{desc|it|musulmano|bor=1}} ** {{desc|de|Muselman|bor=1}} *** {{desc|et|musulman|bor=1}} *** {{desc|sv|muselman|bor=1}} ** {{desc|fr|musulman|bor=1}} ** {{desc|gl|musulmán|bor=1}} ** {{desc|en|Mussulman|bor=1}} ** {{desc|mt|musulman|bor=1}} ** {{desc|pt|muçulmano|bor=1}} ** {{desc|ro|musulman|bor=1}} ** {{desc|es|musulmán|bor=1}} * {{desc|bg|мюсюлма́нин|bor=1}} * {{desc|el|μουσουλμάνος|bor=1}} * {{desc|mk|муслиман|bor=1}} * {{desc|sh|муслѝма̄н|bor=1}} / {{l|sh|muslìmān}} * {{desc|sl|muslimȃn|bor=1}} {{分類|鄂圖曼土耳其語 伊斯蘭教}} ru52zqnt6vhp60sycg9f49ugp70sos0 0 149172 9959229 9812416 2026-11-02T12:27:50Z Fglffer 55252 9959229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=86|rad=火|as=09|sn=13|four=28334|canj=NKF|ids=⿱𭣦灬}} ====衍生字==== * {{charlist|sc=Hani|𠿼𢅑𢢴𢶞㬠𣛶𤐑𥋧繺𰳠𨭝𢎓𢨓}} ====來源==== * {{Han ref|kx=0677.180|dkj=19210|dj=1088.060|hdz=32221.040|ch=8530005.04|sbgy=489.37|uh=715E}} ==漢語== ===字源=== {{Han etym}} ===詞源1=== {{zh-forms}} 來自{{zh-l|殺}}。 ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=shā |c=saat3 |h=pfs=sat/so̍t |h_note=so̍t - “結束；完成” |md=sák |mn=ml,ta,tw,ph:soah/xm,zz:sah/qz:sòa/sat |mn_note=soah - 白讀（結束；完成；終止；被邪靈傷害）; sah/sòa - 白讀（呼出意料，驚訝；如何）; sat - 文讀 |w=sh:7saq;sz:7saeq |mc=y |oc=y |cat=v }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{alt form|zh|殺}} # [[停止]] #: {{zh-co|煞{shā}車}} # [[損壞]]，[[減損]] #: {{zh-co|煞{shā}風景}} # [[緊縮]] # {{lb|zh|Northern Wu}} [[滿足]]，[[圓滿]]；[[心滿意足]] #: {{zh-co|煞念頭|tr=sh:7saq+6gni deu|'''滿足'''渴望|SH}} # [[結束]]，[[終止]]；[[完成]] #: {{zh-co|煞{shā}尾|收尾}} # {{n-g|用作誇張加強語氣的補語。}} #: {{zh-x|房間 裡 熱 煞 哉！|tr=sz:2vaon ke1 li6&8gniq saeq7 tse0|房間好熱！|W-SZ}} #: {{zh-x|我 真 是 急 煞 了！|tr=sh:6ngu&1tsen+6zy&7ciq saq7 leq8|我真是急死了！|SH}} #* {{zh-x|秋風 秋雨 愁 煞{shā} 人||ref='''1907'''年，{{w|秋瑾}}斬首前的遺言，原出自清朝詩人陶宗亮《秋暮遣懷》}} # {{lb|zh|Hokkien}} [[放棄]]，[[作罷]]，[[到此為止]] # {{lb|zh|Hokkien}} [[阻止]]，[[制止]]；[[抑制]]，[[壓抑]]；[[壓制]] # {{lb|zh|Taiwanese Hokkien}} 被[[邪靈]]、[[妖怪]]、[[怪物]][[傷害]] ====同義詞==== * {{s|停止}} {{syn-saurus|zh|停止}} * {{s|結束}} {{syn-saurus|zh|完結}} * {{s|放棄}} {{zh-l|算了}} ====組詞==== {{col3|zh|大煞風景|一筆抹煞|碟煞|煞尾|煞風景|煞車|沒不煞|煞氣|抹煞|碟式煞車|煞氣騰騰|煞住|沒亂煞|氣煞車|煞性子}} ===詞源2=== {{zh-forms}} ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=shà |c=saat3 |h=pfs=sat |mn=soah/sat |cat=n,adv,conj }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # [[惡靈]]；[[邪靈]]；[[妖怪]]，[[怪物]] #: {{zh-co|凶神惡煞}} #* {{quote-song|zh |date=2016-08-19 |lyricist={{w|黃明志}} |composer={{w|黃明志}} |artist={{w|黃明志}} |feat={{w|玖壹壹}} |title=Oh My God |album=亞洲通車 |text=風水說我家裡'''煞'''很大 把香爐擦一擦 }} # {{n-g|謂語前置加強：}} [[極]]，[[甚]] #: {{zh-co|煞費苦心}} # {{lb|zh|Hokkien}} [[出乎意料]]，[[令人]][[驚訝]]；[[居然]] # {{lb|zh|Hokkien}} [[怎麼]]，[[難道]]{{gl|用於反問句}} # {{lb|zh|Xiamen|Quanzhou|&|Zhangzhou}} [[立即]]，[[馬上]] # {{lb|zh|obsolete}} [[雖然]] ====同義詞==== * {{s|惡靈}} {{syn-saurus|zh|妖怪}} * {{s|居然}} {{syn-saurus|zh|居然}} {{zh-dial|居然}} * {{s|怎麼}} {{zh-l|豈}}、{{zh-l|哪}}、{{{zh-l|莫非}} * {{s|立即}} {{syn-saurus|zh|立刻}} {{zh-dial|馬上}} ====組詞==== {{col3|zh|喪煞|地煞|回煞|惡煞|凶神惡煞|忒煞|慌張勢煞|可煞作怪|可煞|勢煞|七煞|大煞|凶煞|來煞|煞筆|歸煞|煞費苦心|沒收煞|生煞煞|特煞|沒搭煞|煞白|沒撻煞|煞有介事|煞費周章|煞神|煞是|煞星|煞強如|沒合煞|收煞|殃煞|鱉煞|避煞|躲煞|關煞|結煞|羨煞|霧煞煞}} ===詞源3=== {{zh-forms}} 與{{m|zh|啥|tr=shá, shà}}相關。 ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=shà |cat=pron }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{lb|zh|早期|Mandarin}} [[什麼]]，[[啥]] ===詞源4=== {{zh-forms|alt=趿}} ====發音==== {{zh-pron |mn=sahⁿ |cat=v }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{lb|zh|Hokkien}} [[產生]][[強烈]]的[[感情]]；[[迷戀]]；[[渴望]] #* {{quote-song|nan-hbl|year=2020|lyricist=蔡湘宜|composer=蔡宜汝|artist=w:洪榮宏 ; 張瀞云|title=駟馬難追|album=《腳步慢慢》|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GuIN8cGhEjg}} #*: {{zh-q|想 妳 想 妳 日{li̍t} 連 暝{mî}　煞{sahⁿ}~到{tio̍h} 妳 愛~到{tio̍h} 妳|從早到晚不斷一直一直想妳，'''迷戀'''妳，愛上妳|TW}} ===來源=== * {{R:yue:Hanzi}} ==日語== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=火09}} # {{rfdef|ja|sort=火09}} ====讀法==== {{ja-readings |on=さつ, さい, せつ |kun=ころ-す }} ==朝鮮語== ===漢字=== {{ko-hanja|살}} # {{rfdef|ko|sort=火09}} ==越南語== ===漢字=== {{vi-readings|rs=火09|hanviet=sát |nom=}} # {{rfdef|vi|sort=火09}} 58b5m4u18ex7fiqxv6yt1zb85o74vgr 9959230 9959229 2026-11-02T12:31:27Z Fglffer 55252 /* 釋義 */ 9959230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=86|rad=火|as=09|sn=13|four=28334|canj=NKF|ids=⿱𭣦灬}} ====衍生字==== * {{charlist|sc=Hani|𠿼𢅑𢢴𢶞㬠𣛶𤐑𥋧繺𰳠𨭝𢎓𢨓}} ====來源==== * {{Han ref|kx=0677.180|dkj=19210|dj=1088.060|hdz=32221.040|ch=8530005.04|sbgy=489.37|uh=715E}} ==漢語== ===字源=== {{Han etym}} ===詞源1=== {{zh-forms}} 來自{{zh-l|殺}}。 ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=shā |c=saat3 |h=pfs=sat/so̍t |h_note=so̍t - “結束；完成” |md=sák |mn=ml,ta,tw,ph:soah/xm,zz:sah/qz:sòa/sat |mn_note=soah - 白讀（結束；完成；終止；被邪靈傷害）; sah/sòa - 白讀（呼出意料，驚訝；如何）; sat - 文讀 |w=sh:7saq;sz:7saeq |mc=y |oc=y |cat=v }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{alt form|zh|殺}} # [[停止]] #: {{zh-co|煞{shā}車}} # [[損壞]]，[[減損]] #: {{zh-co|煞{shā}風景}} # [[緊縮]] # {{lb|zh|Northern Wu}} [[滿足]]，[[圓滿]]；[[心滿意足]] #: {{zh-co|煞念頭|tr=sh:7saq+6gni deu|'''滿足'''渴望|SH}} # [[結束]]，[[終止]]；[[完成]] #: {{zh-co|煞{shā}尾|收尾}} # {{n-g|用作誇張加強語氣的補語。}} #: {{zh-x|房間 裡 熱 煞 哉！|tr=sz:2vaon ke1 li6&8gniq saeq7 tse0|房間好熱！|W-SZ}} #: {{zh-x|我 真 是 急 煞 了！|tr=sh:6ngu&1tsen+6zy&7ciq saq7 leq8|我真是急死了！|SH}} #* {{zh-x|秋風 秋雨 愁 煞{shā} 人||ref='''1907'''年，{{w|秋瑾}}斬首前的遺言，原出自清朝詩人陶宗亮《秋暮遣懷》}} # {{lb|zh|Hokkien}} [[放棄]]，[[作罷]]，[[到此為止]] # {{lb|zh|Hokkien}} [[阻止]]，[[制止]]；[[抑制]]，[[壓抑]]；[[壓制]] # {{lb|zh|Taiwanese Hokkien}} 被[[邪靈]]、[[妖怪]]、[[怪物]][[傷害]] ====同義詞==== * {{s|停止}} {{syn-saurus|zh|停止}} * {{s|結束}} {{syn-saurus|zh|完結}} * {{s|放棄}} {{zh-l|算了}} ====組詞==== {{col3|zh|大煞風景|一筆抹煞|碟煞|煞尾|煞風景|煞車|沒不煞|煞氣|抹煞|碟式煞車|煞氣騰騰|煞住|沒亂煞|氣煞車|煞性子}} ===詞源2=== {{zh-forms}} ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=shà |c=saat3 |h=pfs=sat |mn=soah/sat |cat=n,adv,conj }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # [[惡靈]]；[[邪靈]]；[[妖怪]]，[[怪物]] #: {{zh-co|凶神惡煞}} #* {{quote-song|zh |date=2016-08-19 |lyricist={{w|黃明志}} |composer={{w|黃明志}} |artist={{w|黃明志}} |feat={{w|玖壹壹}} |title=Oh My God |album=亞洲通車 |text=風水說我家裡'''煞'''很大 把香爐擦一擦 }} # {{n-g|謂語前置加強：}} [[極]]，[[甚]] #: {{zh-co|煞費苦心}} # {{lb|zh|Hokkien}} [[出乎意料]]，[[令人]][[驚訝]]；[[居然]] # {{lb|zh|Hokkien}} [[怎麼]]，[[難道]]{{gl|用於反問句}} # {{lb|zh|Xiamen|Quanzhou|&|Zhangzhou}} [[立即]]，[[馬上]] # {{lb|zh|obsolete}} [[雖然]] ====同義詞==== * {{s|惡靈}} {{syn-saurus|zh|妖怪}} * {{s|居然}} {{syn-saurus|zh|居然}} {{zh-dial|居然}} * {{s|怎麼}} {{zh-l|豈}}、{{zh-l|哪}}、{{{zh-l|莫非}} * {{s|立即}} {{syn-saurus|zh|立刻}} {{zh-dial|馬上}} ====組詞==== {{col3|zh|喪煞|地煞|回煞|惡煞|凶神惡煞|忒煞|慌張勢煞|可煞作怪|可煞|勢煞|七煞|大煞|凶煞|來煞|煞筆|歸煞|煞費苦心|沒收煞|生煞煞|特煞|沒搭煞|煞白|沒撻煞|煞有介事|煞費周章|煞神|煞是|煞星|煞強如|沒合煞|收煞|殃煞|鱉煞|避煞|躲煞|關煞|結煞|羨煞|霧煞煞}} ===詞源3=== {{zh-forms}} 與{{m|zh|啥|tr=shá, shà}}相關。 ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=shà |cat=pron }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{lb|zh|早期|_|Mandarin}} [[什麼]]，[[啥]] ===詞源4=== {{zh-forms|alt=趿}} ====發音==== {{zh-pron |mn=sahⁿ |cat=v }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # {{lb|zh|Hokkien}} [[產生]][[強烈]]的[[感情]]；[[迷戀]]；[[渴望]] #* {{quote-song|nan-hbl|year=2020|lyricist=蔡湘宜|composer=蔡宜汝|artist=w:洪榮宏 ; 張瀞云|title=駟馬難追|album=《腳步慢慢》|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GuIN8cGhEjg}} #*: {{zh-q|想 妳 想 妳 日{li̍t} 連 暝{mî}　煞{sahⁿ}~到{tio̍h} 妳 愛~到{tio̍h} 妳|從早到晚不斷一直一直想妳，'''迷戀'''妳，愛上妳|TW}} ===來源=== * {{R:yue:Hanzi}} ==日語== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=火09}} # {{rfdef|ja|sort=火09}} ====讀法==== {{ja-readings |on=さつ, さい, せつ |kun=ころ-す }} ==朝鮮語== ===漢字=== {{ko-hanja|살}} # {{rfdef|ko|sort=火09}} ==越南語== ===漢字=== {{vi-readings|rs=火09|hanviet=sát |nom=}} # {{rfdef|vi|sort=火09}} jwbc3km5949fu5hygnmz0m5967bvggk 0 301648 9959707 9559598 2026-11-03T09:23:40Z TongcyDai 53191 9959707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Frisch}} ==荷蘭語== ===形容詞=== {{nl-adj}} # {{obsolete spelling of|nl|fris}} ====變格==== {{nl-decl-adj}} ==德語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|de|gmh|vrisch}}，{{inh+|de|goh|frisc}}，{{inh+|de|gmw-pro|*frisk}}，{{inh+|de|gem-pro|*friskaz}}，源自{{der|de|ine-pro|*preysk-}}。 對照{{cog|nl|vers}} and {{m|nl|fris}}、{{cog|en|fresh}}、{{cog|da|-}} and {{cog|no|fersk}}、{{cog|sv|färsk}}。{{doublet|de|Freske|Fresko}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fʁɪʃ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frisch.ogg}} * {{audio|de|De-frisch2.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-at-frisch.ogg|a=Austria}} ===形容詞=== {{de-adj|comp.sup:+est:+st}} # [[新鮮]]的；[[清新]]的 # [[最近]]的 ====變格==== {{de-adecl|comp.sup:+est:+st}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|de|Frischluft}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|hu|friss|bor=1}} * {{desc|en|frasi-|bor=1}} ===副詞=== {{de-adv}} # [[最近]]地 # [[新近]]地 ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{R:de:DWDS}} ==瑞典語== ===形容詞=== {{head|sv|形容詞}} # {{obsolete form of|sv|frisk}} mtm4vbckb13ted16to0rdq1o85tr0d8 0 316657 9959638 9663388 2026-11-02T22:12:57Z Quansudian 135460 /* 漢語 */ I'm PRETTY sure that that's not right. 9959638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info/new}} {{漢}} * {{总笔画|14}} * {{部首|骨|4}} {{字形拆解|0568|1718}} === 参考 === * {{大字源|1974|20}} * {{汉语大字典|7|4408|11}} * {{康熙字典|1448|1448|20}} * {{宋本广韵|214|30}} * {{辞海|1513|1|4}} * {{Unihan数据|9AB0}} === 编码 === {{汉字编码|仓颉=BBHNE|四角号码=7724₇|Unicode|十进制=39600|UTF8=E9 AA B0 |UTF16=9AB0|UTF32=00009AB0|Big5=BBEB|CCCII=216154|CNS1986=1-6B74|CNS1992=1-6B74|EACC=216154|GB80=8727|GB90=8727|JISX=8177|KPS2000=8AAE|KS1991=8168|中文电码|中国大陆=7544|台湾=7544}} ==漢語== :{{huge|{{Lang|zh|骰}}|250%}} {{百科}} ===讀音=== * [[Wiktionary:汉语拼音索引|汉语拼音]]：shǎi, tóu * [[w:粵拼|粵拼]]：sik1, tau4 ===翻譯=== {{翻譯-頂}} *英语：[[die]], [[dice]] {{翻譯-底}} ===组词=== {{组词}} ==日語== {{huge|{{Lang|ja|骰}}|220%}} ===讀音=== {{ja-readings |goon=ず |kanon=とう |kun=さい-, さいころ- }} ==朝鮮語== :{{huge|{{Lang|ko|骰}}|220%}} ===讀音=== {{朝字音||[[투]] (thwu)}} {{異體字}} :{| class="wikitable" width=60% border="2" |- |align="center"| <span style="font-size: x-large;"> [http://chardb.iis.sinica.edu.tw/meancompare/9ab0/80a1 股]</span> |} {{異體字注}} [[Category:待分類的漢語詞]] [[Category:漢語|骨04]] [[分類:汉语汉字|骨04]] [[Category:待分類的日語詞]] [[Category:日語]] [[Category:待分類的朝鮮語詞]] [[Category:朝鮮語]] iq37v904tt3alg60fnm802opocgwnmt 9959639 9959638 2026-11-02T22:18:54Z Quansudian 135460 /* 漢語 */ Ok, so it lists a character pronounced that way as a character that this is a variant of on english wiktionary,, so whatever. 9959639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info/new}} {{漢}} * {{总笔画|14}} * {{部首|骨|4}} {{字形拆解|0568|1718}} === 参考 === * {{大字源|1974|20}} * {{汉语大字典|7|4408|11}} * {{康熙字典|1448|1448|20}} * {{宋本广韵|214|30}} * {{辞海|1513|1|4}} * {{Unihan数据|9AB0}} === 编码 === {{汉字编码|仓颉=BBHNE|四角号码=7724₇|Unicode|十进制=39600|UTF8=E9 AA B0 |UTF16=9AB0|UTF32=00009AB0|Big5=BBEB|CCCII=216154|CNS1986=1-6B74|CNS1992=1-6B74|EACC=216154|GB80=8727|GB90=8727|JISX=8177|KPS2000=8AAE|KS1991=8168|中文电码|中国大陆=7544|台湾=7544}} ==漢語== :{{huge|{{Lang|zh|骰}}|250%}} {{百科}} ===讀音=== * [[Wiktionary:汉语拼音索引|汉语拼音]]：shǎi, tóu, gǔ * [[w:粵拼|粵拼]]：sik1, tau4, gu2 ===翻譯=== {{翻譯-頂}} *英语：[[die]], [[dice]] {{翻譯-底}} ===组词=== {{组词}} ==日語== {{huge|{{Lang|ja|骰}}|220%}} ===讀音=== {{ja-readings |goon=ず |kanon=とう |kun=さい-, さいころ- }} ==朝鮮語== :{{huge|{{Lang|ko|骰}}|220%}} ===讀音=== {{朝字音||[[투]] (thwu)}} {{異體字}} :{| class="wikitable" width=60% border="2" |- |align="center"| <span style="font-size: x-large;"> [http://chardb.iis.sinica.edu.tw/meancompare/9ab0/80a1 股]</span> |} {{異體字注}} [[Category:待分類的漢語詞]] [[Category:漢語|骨04]] [[分類:汉语汉字|骨04]] [[Category:待分類的日語詞]] [[Category:日語]] [[Category:待分類的朝鮮語詞]] [[Category:朝鮮語]] dlhm2d23zn12qmsu538p8jbto89ng1n 9959651 9959639 2026-11-03T06:12:25Z TongcyDai 53191 9959651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=188|rad=骨|as=04|sn=14|four=77247|canj=BBHNE|ids=⿰骨殳}} ====參考資料==== {{Han ref|kx=1448.200|dkj=45127|dj=1974.200|hdz=74408.110|uh=9AB0|sbgy=214.30|ch=15130001.04}} ==漢語== ===字源=== {{Han etym}} ===詞源1=== {{zh-forms|alt=投}} 源自{{ltc-l|投}}。也經常作為{{ltc-l|色}} 的訓讀。 ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=tóu,shǎi,1nb=中國大陸和臺灣標準,2nb=常見變體 |m_note=shǎi - {{zh-l|*色}} 的訓讀 |c=tau4,sik1 |c_note=sik1 - {{zh-l|*色}} 的訓讀 |g= |h=pfs=n:tàu/s:thèu;hrs=h:dau/h:teu;gd=têu2;ct=teu2 |j= |mb=dě |md=dàu |mn=tâu/xm,zz:tô͘/qz:tiô |mn_note=tâu - 白讀; tô/tiô - 文讀 |mn-t=dao5 |px=pt,xy:dao2 |w=sh:6deu;sz,cm,sj,sx,tx,yx:2deu;hy,ks:2de;fy:2dei;cs:4deu;xs:2dio;jd:2doe |x= |mc=y |oc=y |ma= |cat=n }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # [[博弈]]或[[遊戲]]工具，多作[[正立方體]]或其他[[正多面體]]，用於產生隨機[[數字]]或[[符號]] =====近義詞===== {{zh-dial|骰子}} ====複合詞==== {{col3|zh|十八骰仔|骰仔|撚骰仔|骰九|擲骰子|藥骰|骰子}} ===詞源2=== {{zh-see|股|v}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:yue:Hanzi}} * {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|2531}} * {{thcwd|16657}} * {{R:hak:Zhou 2023|||658}} ==日語== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=骨04}} # {{lb|ja|遊戲}} [[骰子]]<ref>{{R:Kanjipedia|0005222100}}</ref> ====讀音==== {{ja-readings |goon=ず |kanon=とう |kun=さい-, さいころ- }} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ==朝鮮語== ===漢字=== {{ko-hanja|투}} # {{rfdef|ko|sort=骨04}} ==越南語== ===漢字=== {{vi-readings|rs=骨04|reading=đầu}} # {{rfdef|vi|sort=骨04}} ====參考資料==== * [http://nomfoundation.org/common/nom_details.php?codepoint=9ab0 Nom Foundation] j1c6ytquwxe0cbgoe60w7shb9b0qzew 9959691 9959651 2026-11-03T09:07:16Z TongcyDai 53191 9959691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{character info}} ==跨語言== ===漢字=== {{Han char|rn=188|rad=骨|as=04|sn=14|four=77247|canj=BBHNE|ids=⿰骨殳}} ====參考資料==== {{Han ref|kx=1448.200|dkj=45127|dj=1974.200|hdz=74408.110|uh=9AB0|sbgy=214.30|ch=15130001.04}} ==漢語== ===字源=== {{Han etym}} ===詞源1=== {{zh-forms|alt=投}} 源自{{ltc-l|投}}。也經常作為{{ltc-l|色}} 的訓讀。 ====發音==== {{zh-pron |m=tóu,shǎi,1nb=中國大陸和臺灣標準,2nb=常見變體 |m_note=shǎi - {{zh-l|*色}} 的訓讀 |c=tau4,sik1 |c_note=sik1 - {{zh-l|*色}} 的訓讀 |g= |h=pfs=n:tàu/s:thèu;hrs=h:dau/h:teu;gd=têu2;ct=teu2 |j= |mb=dě |md=dàu |mn=tâu/xm,zz:tô͘/qz:tiô |mn_note=tâu - 白讀; tô/tiô - 文讀 |mn-t=dao5 |px=pt,xy:dao2 |w=sh:6deu;sz,cm,sj,sx,tx,yx:2deu;hy,ks:2de;fy:2dei;cs:4deu;xs:2dio;jd:2doe |x= |mc=y |oc=y |ma= |cat=n }} ====釋義==== {{head|zh|漢字}} # [[博弈]]或[[遊戲]]工具，多作[[立方體]]或其他[[正多面體]]，用於產生隨機[[數字]]或[[符號]] =====近義詞===== {{zh-dial|骰子}} ====複合詞==== {{col3|zh|十八骰仔|骰仔|撚骰仔|骰九|擲骰子|藥骰|骰子}} ===詞源2=== {{zh-see|股|v}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:yue:Hanzi}} * {{R:zh:cbgycdxdb|2531}} * {{thcwd|16657}} * {{R:hak:Zhou 2023|||658}} ==日語== ===漢字=== {{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=骨04}} # {{lb|ja|遊戲}} [[骰子]]<ref>{{R:Kanjipedia|0005222100}}</ref> ====讀音==== {{ja-readings |goon=ず |kanon=とう |kun=さい-, さいころ- }} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ==朝鮮語== ===漢字=== {{ko-hanja|투}} # {{rfdef|ko|sort=骨04}} ==越南語== ===漢字=== {{vi-readings|rs=骨04|reading=đầu}} # {{rfdef|vi|sort=骨04}} ====參考資料==== * [http://nomfoundation.org/common/nom_details.php?codepoint=9ab0 Nom Foundation] bmfop5kcjf1in4eqfy4qwicw91jxedm 0 320263 9959615 9085457 2026-11-02T18:51:31Z TongcyDai 53191 9959615 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== ===詞源=== {{ubor|en|fr|au revoir}}，其語氣較為正式但含義相同，可能是因為其英語的對應詞本身就較為冗長。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˌəʊ.ɹə ˈvwɑː/|nocount=1|a=UK}} 或 {{IPA|en|/ɔːɹ ˈvwɑː/|nocount=1}}，也有來自法語的發音，{{IPA|en|/o.ʁə ˈvwaʁ/}} or {{IPA|en|/ɔʁ ˈvwaʁ/}}。 * {{IPA|en|/ˌoʊ.ɹə ˈvwɑɹ/|nocount=1|a=US}} 或 {{IPA|en|/ˌɑ.ɹə ˈvwɑɹ/|nocount=1}}。 * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-au revoir.wav|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|ɑː(ɹ)|s=3}} ===感嘆詞=== {{en-interj|head=au revoir}} # [[再會]] #: {{syn|en|Thesaurus:goodbye}} #* '''2000''' January 22, Philipp Goedicke, Carl Kasell (announcer), “Listener Limerick Challenge”, ''Wait, Wait...Don’t Tell Me!'', National Public Radio #*: Though about it the South used to brag / I’m afraid it’s become such a drag / We should say '''au revoir''' / To the old stars and bars #* '''2001''' November 23, Jack Hassell, “'''Au Revoir!'''”, Object Management Group, mail archive, {{monospace|www.omg.org}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20050123185851/http://www.omg.org/archives/dtc/msg03667.html] #*: After about 40++ TC meetings and over seven years, it's time to say "'''au revoir'''" - at least for now. {{cln|en|告別}} ==法語== ===詞源=== {{compound|fr|au|revoir}}，字面意思為“直到重逢”。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|+|qual2=口語|orvoir}} * {{audio|fr|Au revoirF.ogg|a=France}} * {{audio|fr|Qc-Au revoir.oga|a=Quebec}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-au revoir.wav|a=孚日}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-au revoir.wav|a=里昂}} ===感嘆詞=== {{fr-intj}} # [[再見]]，[[再會]] #: {{syn|fr|salut<q:非正式>|;|à plus tard<q:非正式>|;|à plus<q:非正式>|;|bye<q:非正式>|;|bye-bye<q:非正式>|;|ciao<q:非正式>|;|à la revoyure<q:非正式>}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|lou|aréwa}} * {{desc|ht|orevwa}} * {{desc|mfe|orevwar}} * {{desc|crs|orevwar}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|ouvrerai}} {{cln|fr|告別}} bz9d0by25pi80fpq90la5jnvba9s9rb 9959626 9959615 2026-11-02T18:56:29Z TongcyDai 53191 9959626 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== ===詞源=== {{ubor|en|fr|au revoir}}，其語氣較為正式但含義相同，可能是因為其英語的對應詞本身就較為冗長。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˌəʊ.ɹə ˈvwɑː/|nocount=1|a=UK}} 或 {{IPA|en|/ɔːɹ ˈvwɑː/|nocount=1}}，也有來自法語的發音，{{IPA|en|/o.ʁə ˈvwaʁ/}} or {{IPA|en|/ɔʁ ˈvwaʁ/}}。 * {{IPA|en|/ˌoʊ.ɹə ˈvwɑɹ/|nocount=1|a=US}} 或 {{IPA|en|/ˌɑ.ɹə ˈvwɑɹ/|nocount=1}}。 * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-au revoir.wav|a=US}} * {{rhymes|en|ɑː(ɹ)|s=3}} ===感嘆詞=== {{en-interj|head=au revoir}} # [[再會]] #: {{syn|en|Thesaurus:goodbye}} #* '''2000''' January 22, Philipp Goedicke, Carl Kasell (announcer), “Listener Limerick Challenge”, ''Wait, Wait...Don’t Tell Me!'', National Public Radio #*: Though about it the South used to brag / I’m afraid it’s become such a drag / We should say '''au revoir''' / To the old stars and bars #* '''2001''' November 23, Jack Hassell, “'''Au Revoir!'''”, Object Management Group, mail archive, {{monospace|www.omg.org}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20050123185851/http://www.omg.org/archives/dtc/msg03667.html] #*: After about 40++ TC meetings and over seven years, it's time to say "'''au revoir'''" - at least for now. {{cln|en|告別}} ==法語== ===詞源=== {{lit|直到再次見面}}。最終源自{{m+|la|ad}} + {{m+|la|illum}} + {{m+|la|re-}} + {{m+|la|videō}}。和{{m+|it|arrivederci}}、{{cog|ro|la revedere}} 及{{cog|ca|a reveure}} 同源。 對照{{cog|es|hasta la vista}}，以及平行與關係較遠的同源詞{{cog|bg|довиждане}}、{{cog|ru|до свида́ния}}、{{cog|uk|до побачення}}、{{cog|pl|do zobaczenia}} 及{{cog|ar|إلى اللقاء}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|+|qual2=口語|orvoir}} * {{audio|fr|Au revoirF.ogg|a=法國}} * {{audio|fr|Qc-Au revoir.oga|a=魁北克}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-au revoir.wav|a=孚日}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-au revoir.wav|a=里昂}} ===感嘆詞=== {{fr-intj}} # [[再見]]，[[再會]] #: {{syn|fr|salut<q:非正式>|;|à plus tard<q:非正式>|;|à plus<q:非正式>|;|bye<q:非正式>|;|bye-bye<q:非正式>|;|ciao<q:非正式>|;|à la revoyure<q:非正式>}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|lou|aréwa}} * {{desc|ht|orevwa}} * {{desc|mfe|orevwar}} * {{desc|crs|orevwar}} ===異序詞=== * {{l|fr|ouvrerai}} {{cln|fr|告別}} l77u1lrt4hc0y1yio92o2nhzmo599f9 0 383739 9959694 5239395 2026-11-03T09:13:21Z TongcyDai 53191 9959694 wikitext text/x-wiki ==朝鮮語== ===詞源=== {{ko-etym-sino|多面體}}。 ===發音=== {{ko-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hanja=多面體}} # {{lb|ko|幾何學}} [[多面體]] hf84xzcbsbgee2m13cu07mg9wlg9hux 0 459285 9959686 5254604 2026-11-03T08:59:23Z TongcyDai 53191 9959686 wikitext text/x-wiki ==朝鮮語== {{wp|ko:}} ===詞源=== {{ko-etym-sino|實存主義}}。 ===發音=== {{ko-IPA|com=1|ui=4}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hanja=實存主義}} # {{lb|ko|哲學}} [[存在主義]] h5recl2gj8e34i81ir701458acv8sxx 0 512056 9959695 5262357 2026-11-03T09:13:28Z TongcyDai 53191 9959695 wikitext text/x-wiki ==朝鮮語== ===詞源=== {{ko-etym-sino|正多面體}}。 ===發音=== {{ko-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hanja=正多面體}} # {{lb|ko|幾何學}} [[正多面體]] bqs2o4ch70u5o5c9hbi19hsi34tjlel 0 596110 9959681 7638718 2026-11-03T08:55:00Z TongcyDai 53191 9959681 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=存在主义|type=22}} {{wp}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=cúnzài zhǔyì |c=cyun4 zoi6 zyu2 ji6 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # 20世紀的一種[[哲學]][[運動]]和[[社會]][[思潮]]，[[強調]]每個人在[[自由]]做出[[自我]][[定義]]的[[選擇]]時其[[存在]]的[[獨特性]] ## {{lb|zh|泛指}} 強調存在先於[[本質]]的哲學 ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|哲學運動}} * 阿拉伯語：{{t|ar|وُجُودِيَّة|f}} * 亞美尼亞語：{{t|hy|էքզիստենցիալիզմ}} * 孟加拉語：{{t+|bn|অস্তিত্ববাদ}} * 保加利亞語：{{t|bg|екзистенциализъм|m}} * 緬甸語：{{t|my|ဖြစ်တည်မှုပဓာနဝါဒ}} * 加泰羅尼亞語：{{t+|ca|existencialisme|m}} * 捷克語：{{t|cs|existencialismus|m}} * 丹麥語：{{t|da|eksistentialisme|c}} * 荷蘭語：{{t+|nl|existentialisme|n}} * 英語：{{t+|en|existentialism}} * 世界語：{{t|eo|ekzistadismo}} * 愛沙尼亞語：{{t|et|eksistentsialism}} * 芬蘭語：{{t+|fi|eksistentialismi}} * 法語：{{t+|fr|existentialisme|m}} * 加利西亞語：{{t+|gl|existencialismo|m}} * 格魯吉亞語：{{t+|ka|ეგზისტენციალიზმი}} * 德語：{{t+|de|Existentialismus|m}} * 希臘語：{{t+|el|υπαρξισμός|m}} * 冰島語：{{t|is|tilvistarstefna}} * 愛爾蘭語：{{t|ga|eiseachas|m}} * 意大利語：{{t+|it|esistenzialismo|m}} * 日語：{{t+|ja|実存主義|tr=jitsuzonshugi}} * 哈薩克語：{{t|kk|экзистенциализм}} * 朝鮮語：{{t|ko|실존주의(實存主義)}} * 拉脫維亞語：{{t|lv|eksistenciālisms|m}} * 立陶宛語：{{t+|lt|egzistencializmas|m}} * 馬其頓語：{{t|mk|егзистенцијали́зам|m}} * 馬來語：{{t|ms|eksistensialisme}}、{{t|ms|faham kewujudan}} * 馬拉雅拉姆語：{{t|ml|അസ്തിത്വവാദം}} * 馬爾他語：{{t|mt|eżistenzjaliżmu|m}} * 波斯語：{{t+|fa|اگزیستانسیالیسم|tr=egzistânsiâlism}}、{{t|fa|هستی‌گرایی|tr=hasti-gerâyi}} * 波蘭語：{{t+|pl|egzystencjalizm|m-in}} * 葡萄牙語：{{t+|pt|existencialismo|m}} * 旁遮普語：{{t+|pa|ਅਸਤਿਤਵਵਾਦ|m}} * 羅馬尼亞語：{{t+|ro|existențialism|n}} * 俄語：{{t+|ru|экзистенциали́зм|m}} * 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語： *: 西里爾字母：{{t|sh|егзистенцијалѝзам|m}} *: 拉丁字母：{{t+|sh|egzistencijalìzam|m}} * 斯洛伐克語：{{t|sk|existencializmus}} * 西班牙語：{{t+|es|existencialismo|m}} * 瑞典語：{{t+|sv|existentialism|c}}、{{t|sv|existentialfilosofi}} * 泰語：{{t|th|อัตถิภาวนิยม|tr=àt-tì-paa-wá-ní-yom}} * 土耳其語：{{t+|tr|egzistansiyalizm}}、{{t+|tr|varoluşçuluk}} * 烏克蘭語：{{t|uk|екзистенціалізм|m}} * 越南語：{{t|vi|chủ nghĩa hiện sinh}}、{{t|vi|thuyết hiện sinh}} * 威爾士語：{{t|cy|dirfodaeth|f}} {{trans-bottom}} ioz3d8x9qa3h6ca6aickoyxnvycbc56 9959685 9959681 2026-11-03T08:59:17Z TongcyDai 53191 9959685 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=存在主义|type=22}} {{wp}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=cúnzài zhǔyì |c=cyun4 zoi6 zyu2 ji6 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|哲學}} 20世紀的一種[[哲學]][[運動]]和[[社會]][[思潮]]，[[強調]]每個人在[[自由]]做出[[自我]][[定義]]的[[選擇]]時其[[存在]]的[[獨特性]] ## {{lb|zh|泛指}} 強調存在先於[[本質]]的哲學 ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|哲學運動}} * 阿拉伯語：{{t|ar|وُجُودِيَّة|f}} * 亞美尼亞語：{{t|hy|էքզիստենցիալիզմ}} * 孟加拉語：{{t+|bn|অস্তিত্ববাদ}} * 保加利亞語：{{t|bg|екзистенциализъм|m}} * 緬甸語：{{t|my|ဖြစ်တည်မှုပဓာနဝါဒ}} * 加泰羅尼亞語：{{t+|ca|existencialisme|m}} * 捷克語：{{t|cs|existencialismus|m}} * 丹麥語：{{t|da|eksistentialisme|c}} * 荷蘭語：{{t+|nl|existentialisme|n}} * 英語：{{t+|en|existentialism}} * 世界語：{{t|eo|ekzistadismo}} * 愛沙尼亞語：{{t|et|eksistentsialism}} * 芬蘭語：{{t+|fi|eksistentialismi}} * 法語：{{t+|fr|existentialisme|m}} * 加利西亞語：{{t+|gl|existencialismo|m}} * 格魯吉亞語：{{t+|ka|ეგზისტენციალიზმი}} * 德語：{{t+|de|Existentialismus|m}} * 希臘語：{{t+|el|υπαρξισμός|m}} * 冰島語：{{t|is|tilvistarstefna}} * 愛爾蘭語：{{t|ga|eiseachas|m}} * 意大利語：{{t+|it|esistenzialismo|m}} * 日語：{{t+|ja|実存主義|tr=jitsuzonshugi}} * 哈薩克語：{{t|kk|экзистенциализм}} * 朝鮮語：{{t|ko|실존주의(實存主義)}} * 拉脫維亞語：{{t|lv|eksistenciālisms|m}} * 立陶宛語：{{t+|lt|egzistencializmas|m}} * 馬其頓語：{{t|mk|егзистенцијали́зам|m}} * 馬來語：{{t|ms|eksistensialisme}}、{{t|ms|faham kewujudan}} * 馬拉雅拉姆語：{{t|ml|അസ്തിത്വവാദം}} * 馬爾他語：{{t|mt|eżistenzjaliżmu|m}} * 波斯語：{{t+|fa|اگزیستانسیالیسم|tr=egzistânsiâlism}}、{{t|fa|هستی‌گرایی|tr=hasti-gerâyi}} * 波蘭語：{{t+|pl|egzystencjalizm|m-in}} * 葡萄牙語：{{t+|pt|existencialismo|m}} * 旁遮普語：{{t+|pa|ਅਸਤਿਤਵਵਾਦ|m}} * 羅馬尼亞語：{{t+|ro|existențialism|n}} * 俄語：{{t+|ru|экзистенциали́зм|m}} * 塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語： *: 西里爾字母：{{t|sh|егзистенцијалѝзам|m}} *: 拉丁字母：{{t+|sh|egzistencijalìzam|m}} * 斯洛伐克語：{{t|sk|existencializmus}} * 西班牙語：{{t+|es|existencialismo|m}} * 瑞典語：{{t+|sv|existentialism|c}}、{{t|sv|existentialfilosofi}} * 泰語：{{t|th|อัตถิภาวนิยม|tr=àt-tì-paa-wá-ní-yom}} * 土耳其語：{{t+|tr|egzistansiyalizm}}、{{t+|tr|varoluşçuluk}} * 烏克蘭語：{{t|uk|екзистенціалізм|m}} * 越南語：{{t|vi|chủ nghĩa hiện sinh}}、{{t|vi|thuyết hiện sinh}} * 威爾士語：{{t|cy|dirfodaeth|f}} {{trans-bottom}} p579lws3fh44irfrtgc8l08rqfs7bbo 0 709518 9959233 8103348 2026-11-02T14:43:01Z InternetArchiveBot 95668 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 9959233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Akan|akán|àkan}} ==阿拉克語== ===名詞=== {{head|alk|名詞}} # {{qual|阿拉克}} [[女人]] ====其他寫法==== * [[kan]] {{qual|Harak}} ===拓展閱讀=== * Theraphan L. Thongkum, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220122124111/http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/theraphan1997place.pdf The place of Lawi, Harak and Tariang within Bahnaric]'' (1997), in ''The Mon-Khmer Studies Journal'', volume 27 ==芬蘭語== ===詞源1=== ====名詞==== {{head|fi|名詞變格形}} # {{fi-form of|case=genitive|pl=singular|akka|type=名詞}} ===詞源2=== {{百科|Akanin kieli|lang=fi}} ====其他寫法==== * {{l|fi|akani}} ====名詞==== {{fi-noun}} # [[阿坎語]] {{分類|芬蘭語 語言}} =====變格===== {{fi-decl-risti|n=sg|akan|||a|i=0}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|fi|a=aakn|-kaan|kana}} ==馬來語== ===副詞=== {{head|ms|副詞}} # [[將要]] ===介詞=== {{head|ms|介詞}} # [[關於]] ==印尼語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|id|/a.kan/}} ===副詞=== {{head|id|副詞}} # [[將要]] # [[要]] #: {{ux|id|[[aku|Aku]]'' '''akan''' ''[[membelikan]] [[ibu]] [[seikat]] [[bunga]].|我要去給我媽媽買一束花。}} ===介詞=== {{head|id|介詞}} # [[關於]] ==葡萄牙語== ===名詞=== {{pt-noun|m|-}} # [[阿坎語]] [[Category:葡萄牙語 語言]] ==克丘亞語== ===動詞=== {{head|qu|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|qu|[[akay]]||第三人稱|s|現在時|ind}} ==西班牙語== ===其他寫法=== * {{l|es|acano}} ===名詞=== {{es-noun|m|-}} # [[阿坎語]] [[Category:西班牙語 語言]] a970mqe5x7l6rfqb75r4gpg5dfpyjlg 0 776768 9959663 4830865 2026-11-03T08:41:14Z TongcyDai 53191 9959663 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|de|Existenzialismus}} ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:bor|fr:existentialisme}} {{bor+|de|fr|existentialisme}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnt͡si̯aˈlɪsmʊs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Existentialismus.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m.sg}} # [[存在主義]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m.sg}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} {{C|de|哲學}} 2xyuv6slw9lw5zdp6senzt8j9p28w36 0 776771 9959803 4929224 2026-11-03T10:45:23Z TongcyDai 53191 9959803 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛl/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiell.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-existenzielle Krise.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{de-adj|comp}} # {{alternative spelling of|de|existenziell}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl|comp}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} ==瑞典語== ===形容詞=== {{head|sv|形容詞}} # [[存在]]的，[[生存]]的 #: {{ux|sv|'''existentiell''' risk|'''生存'''風險}} ====變格==== {{sv-adj-peri}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|sv|existentiell kris||存在危機}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|sv|existens||existence}} * {{l|sv|existera||exist}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:svenska.se|so}} * {{R:svenska.se|saol}} rb10tx80gdewwd22r2mnxglcwitakzd 0 776775 9959665 4830870 2026-11-03T08:41:46Z TongcyDai 53191 9959665 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnt͡si̯aˈlɪsmʊs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Existenzialismus.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m.sg}} # {{alternative spelling of|de|Existentialismus}} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m.sg}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} {{C|de|哲學}} i6rdggnx37tvba66sb96q8jl48gs29o 0 776778 9959820 4929226 2026-11-03T10:46:59Z TongcyDai 53191 9959820 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|de|existentiell}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛl/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziell.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{de-adj|comp}} # [[存在]]的，[[生存]]的 ====變格==== {{de-adecl|comp}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} * {{R:de:Duden}} 63w7brrn76qr9rea458ua1rfxknvhei 0 822730 9959696 4846939 2026-11-03T09:17:27Z TongcyDai 53191 9959696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|polyeder}} ==德語== {{wp|de:}} [[Image:Snub disphenoid.png|thumb|Polyeder]] ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-Polyeder.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n:m}} # {{lb|de|幾何學}} [[多面體]] #: {{syn|de|Vielflächner}} #* {{quote-book|de |url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=lcM0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA97&dq=%22der+Polyeder+ist%22 |title=Handbuch Der Vergleichenden Histologie und Physiologie Der Haussaugethiere |author=W. Ellenberger |publisher=Verlag von Paul Parey |year=1887 |page=97 |passage=Der '''Polyeder''' ist von allen Seiten vieleckig; die polyedrische Platte ist dies nur, wenn sie von der Fläche gesehen wird. |t=多面體從各個方向看都是多角形的；而多面體板只有從表面看時才是如此。 }} #* {{quote-book|de |url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=FNbLZdzKMncC&pg=PA43&dq=%22der+Polyeder%22 |title=Die Architektur der Synthese: Entstehung und Philosophie der modernen Evolutionstheorie |author=Marcel Weber |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |series=Quellen und Studien zur Philosophie |isbn=9783110158939 |lccn=98134449 |year=1998 |page=43 |passage=Der '''Polyeder''' besitzt eine Anzahl von Gleichgewichtszuständen, die der Zahl seiner Flächen entspricht. Jeder andere Zustand des '''Polyeders''' als das Liegen auf einer seiner Flächen ist nicht stabil. Der '''Polyeder''' kann aber eine Zeitlang um einen Gleichgewichtszustand oszillieren. |t='''多面體'''擁有的平衡狀態數量與其面數相同。'''多面體'''除了平放在其中一個面上之外，任何其他狀態都是不穩定的。但'''多面體'''可以在一段時間內圍繞某個平衡狀態振盪。 }} #* {{quote-book|de |url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=qF9l5uwLf3cC&pg=PA165&dq=%22der+Polyeder%22 |title=Rudolf Jahns: Natur und Architektur : eine Untersuchung zu den "Lüchtringen"-Motiven |author=Katja Szymczak |publisher=Univerlagtuberlin |isbn=9783798320253 |oclc=1078720702 |year=2006 |page=165 |passage=An geometrischen Figuren ist der vom oberen Bildrand hängende durchsichtige '''Polyeder''' und ein kleines metallisch glänzendes Dodekaeder auf dem Kompendium von maßgeblicher Bedeutung. Letzteres soll nach Auffassung Pranges das Weltsymbol darstellen{{sup|301}}, während der '''Polyeder''' das Weltall symbolisiert. Prange bezieht mit diesem Gedanken auf Platons Deutung des '''Polyeders''', der in seinem Weltbild wiederum den Kristall als Grundelement der irdischen Elemente und des Universums sah.{{sup|302}} |t=在幾何圖形中，從畫面上緣懸垂的透明'''多面體'''，以及綱要上一顆帶有金屬光澤的微小十二面體具有至關重要的意義。根據普朗格的看法，後者代表著世界的象徵，而'''多面體'''則象徵宇宙。普朗格的這個想法源自柏拉圖對'''多面體'''的詮釋，柏拉圖在其世界觀中又將晶體視為塵世元素與宇宙的基本要素。 }} #* {{quote-book|de |url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=_hyKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA143&dq=%22der+Polyeder+ist%22 |title=Quod erat knobelandum: Themen, Aufgaben und Lösungen des Schülerzirkels Mathematik der Universität Regensburg |author=Clara Löh; Stefan Krauss; Niki Kilbertus |publisher=Springer-Verlag |isbn=9783662587256 |oclc=1089013263 |date=2019-02-25 |page=143 |passage=In Abbildung 12.9 ist ein Beispiel angegeben: Die Verbindungslinie zwischen den beiden markierten Punkten verläuft nicht komplett im '''Polyeder''', d.h. der '''Polyeder''' ist nicht konvex. |t=圖 12.9 給出了一個例子：兩個標記點之間的連線並未完全落在'''多面體'''內部，即該'''多面體'''不是凸多面體。 }} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n:m}} ====下位詞==== * {{l|de|Tetraeder}}、{{l|de|Oktaeder}}、{{l|de|Ikosaeder}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|de|polyedrisch}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} * {{R:de:Duden}} tgs4hexurg9mum4j70789ec3bhaooho 9959699 9959696 2026-11-03T09:19:21Z TongcyDai 53191 9959699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|polyeder}} ==德語== {{wp|de:}} [[Image:Snub disphenoid.png|thumb|Polyeder]] ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-Polyeder.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|n:m}} # {{lb|de|幾何學}} [[多面體]] #: {{syn|de|Vielflächner}} #* {{quote-book|de |url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=lcM0AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA97&dq=%22der+Polyeder+ist%22 |title=Handbuch Der Vergleichenden Histologie und Physiologie Der Haussaugethiere |author=W. Ellenberger |publisher=Verlag von Paul Parey |year=1887 |page=97 |passage=Der '''Polyeder''' ist von allen Seiten vieleckig; die polyedrische Platte ist dies nur, wenn sie von der Fläche gesehen wird. |t='''多面體'''從各個方向看都是多角形的；而多面體板只有從表面看時才是如此。 }} #* {{quote-book|de |url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=FNbLZdzKMncC&pg=PA43&dq=%22der+Polyeder%22 |title=Die Architektur der Synthese: Entstehung und Philosophie der modernen Evolutionstheorie |author=Marcel Weber |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |series=Quellen und Studien zur Philosophie |isbn=9783110158939 |lccn=98134449 |year=1998 |page=43 |passage=Der '''Polyeder''' besitzt eine Anzahl von Gleichgewichtszuständen, die der Zahl seiner Flächen entspricht. Jeder andere Zustand des '''Polyeders''' als das Liegen auf einer seiner Flächen ist nicht stabil. Der '''Polyeder''' kann aber eine Zeitlang um einen Gleichgewichtszustand oszillieren. |t='''多面體'''擁有的平衡狀態數量與其面數相同。'''多面體'''除了平放在其中一個面上之外，任何其他狀態都是不穩定的。但'''多面體'''可以在一段時間內圍繞某個平衡狀態振盪。 }} #* {{quote-book|de |url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=qF9l5uwLf3cC&pg=PA165&dq=%22der+Polyeder%22 |title=Rudolf Jahns: Natur und Architektur : eine Untersuchung zu den "Lüchtringen"-Motiven |author=Katja Szymczak |publisher=Univerlagtuberlin |isbn=9783798320253 |oclc=1078720702 |year=2006 |page=165 |passage=An geometrischen Figuren ist der vom oberen Bildrand hängende durchsichtige '''Polyeder''' und ein kleines metallisch glänzendes Dodekaeder auf dem Kompendium von maßgeblicher Bedeutung. Letzteres soll nach Auffassung Pranges das Weltsymbol darstellen{{sup|301}}, während der '''Polyeder''' das Weltall symbolisiert. Prange bezieht mit diesem Gedanken auf Platons Deutung des '''Polyeders''', der in seinem Weltbild wiederum den Kristall als Grundelement der irdischen Elemente und des Universums sah.{{sup|302}} |t=在幾何圖形中，從畫面上緣懸垂的透明'''多面體'''，以及綱要上一顆帶有金屬光澤的微小十二面體具有至關重要的意義。根據普朗格的看法，後者代表著世界的象徵，而'''多面體'''則象徵宇宙。普朗格的這個想法源自柏拉圖對'''多面體'''的詮釋，柏拉圖在其世界觀中又將晶體視為塵世元素與宇宙的基本要素。 }} #* {{quote-book|de |url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=_hyKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA143&dq=%22der+Polyeder+ist%22 |title=Quod erat knobelandum: Themen, Aufgaben und Lösungen des Schülerzirkels Mathematik der Universität Regensburg |author=Clara Löh; Stefan Krauss; Niki Kilbertus |publisher=Springer-Verlag |isbn=9783662587256 |oclc=1089013263 |date=2019-02-25 |page=143 |passage=In Abbildung 12.9 ist ein Beispiel angegeben: Die Verbindungslinie zwischen den beiden markierten Punkten verläuft nicht komplett im '''Polyeder''', d.h. der '''Polyeder''' ist nicht konvex. |t=圖 12.9 給出了一個例子：兩個標記點之間的連線並未完全落在'''多面體'''內部，即該'''多面體'''不是凸多面體。 }} ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|n:m}} ====下位詞==== * {{l|de|Tetraeder}}、{{l|de|Oktaeder}}、{{l|de|Ikosaeder}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|de|polyedrisch}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} * {{R:de:Duden}} s2v5d3oobvns5428i0vr3q5wkil7n4e 0 894430 9959886 7683507 2026-11-03T11:07:43Z TongcyDai 53191 9959886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|existénte}} ==加利西亞語== ===詞源=== {{ety|gl|:af|existir|-ente|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== {{gl-pr|ẹksistênte|ẹksistènte}} * {{hyph|gl|e|xis|ten|te}} ===形容詞=== {{gl-adj}} # [[存在]]的，[[實在]]的 ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:gl:DRAG}} ==因特語== ===分詞=== {{head|ia|分詞}} # {{ia-form of|exist|ente}} ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|existēns||abl|m//f//n|s}} ==葡萄牙語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|pt|existir|-ente|pos=形容詞}}。 ===發音=== {{pt-IPA|[x:z]}} * {{hyph|pt|e|xis|ten|te}} ===形容詞=== {{pt-adj}} # [[存在]]的，[[實在]]的 #: {{ant|pt|inexistente}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|pt|existir}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pt:Aulete}} * {{R:pt:Priberam}} ==西班牙語== ===詞源=== {{ety|es|:af|existir|-ente|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== {{es-pr|+<audio:LL-Q1321 (spa)-AdrianAbdulBaha-existente.wav<a:Colombia>>}} ===形容詞=== {{es-adj}} # [[存在]]的，[[現存]]的，[[實在]]的，[[真實]]的 #: {{alti|es|existiente}} #: {{ant|es|inexistente}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|es|existir|existencia}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:es:DRAE}} 372ianexk5oavfvfrdtr1uhgmzk6yd6 0 898782 9959585 7688017 2026-11-02T16:28:09Z TongcyDai 53191 9959585 wikitext text/x-wiki ==西班牙語== ===發音=== {{es-pr}} ===名詞=== {{es-noun|m}} # [[蒙席]] ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:es:DRAE}} {{C|es|羅馬天主教|稱謂}} otku479cpc8jg1d2fk970n9hq23qicu 0 978424 9959933 9422976 2026-11-03T11:38:49Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|gastronomía|gastronómia|gastronomią}} ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|ca|fr|gastronomie}}。{{surf|ca|gastro-|-nomia}}。 ===發音=== * {{ca-IPA}}<!-- no secondary stress per GDLC --> * {{audio|ca|LL-Q7026 (cat)-Marvives-gastronomia.wav|a=Barcelona}} * {{rhymes|ca|ia|s=5}} ===名詞=== {{ca-noun|f}} # [[美食學]]，[[烹調]]術 ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|ca|gastronòmic}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|ca|gastrònom}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:ca:DCVB}} * {{R:ca:DNV}} * {{R:ca:GDLC}} * {{R:ca:IEC2}} {{C|ca|飲食}} ==芬蘭語== ===發音=== {{fi-p|gastro-nomia}} ===詞源1=== 源自 {{af|fi|gastro-|-nomia}}。 ====名詞==== {{fi-noun}} # [[美食學]]，[[烹調]]術 =====變格===== {{fi-decl-kulkija|gastronomi|a}} =====相關詞彙===== {{col2|fi|gastronomi|gastronominen}} ====延伸閱讀==== * {{R:fi:KTSK|accessdate=2023-07-01}} ===詞源2=== {{nonlemma}} ====名詞==== {{head|fi|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|fi|gastronomi||par|s}} ==意大利語== {{wikipedia|lang=it}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|it|fr|gastronomie}}。{{surf|it|gastro-|-nomia}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|^ì}} ===名詞=== {{it-noun|f}} # {{lb|it|飲食}} [[美食學]]，[[烹調]]術 # [[熟食店]] ====相關詞彙==== {{col2|it|gastronomico|gastronomo}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Collins}} * {{R:it:Hoepli}} * {{R:it:Olivetti|gastronomìa}} * {{R:it:Treccani|gastronomìa}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aagimnoorst|trasogniamo}} {{C|it|飲食}} ==波蘭語== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ===詞源=== {{dercat|pl|grc}} {{bor+|pl|fr|gastronomie}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-gastronomia.wav}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f|adj=gastronomiczny|abbr=gastr.}} # [[美食業]]{{gl|酒吧、餐廳、自助餐廳和其他收費餐飲場所的行業}} # {{lb|pl|烹飪}} [[美食學]]，[[烹調]]術 ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<f.sg>}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=副詞|gastronomicznie}} {{col|pl|title=名詞|gastronom|gastronomik}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP||16150}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} * {{R:pl:PWN Encyclopedia}} {{C|pl|飲食|產業}} ==葡萄牙語== {{wikipedia|lang=pt}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|pt|fr|gastronomie}}，源自{{der|pt|grc|γαστρονομία}}。{{surf|pt|gastro-|-nomia}}。 ===發音=== {{pt-IPA}} * {{rhymes|pt|iɐ|s=5}} * {{hyph|pt|gas|tro|no|mi|a}} ===名詞=== {{pt-noun|f}} # {{lb|pt|不可數}} [[美食學]]，[[烹調]]術 # [[烹調]]法{{gloss|食物的特色風格}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col2|pt|gastronómico,gastronômico|gastrónomo,gastrônomo}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:Aulete}} * {{R:pt:Dicionário informal}} * {{R:pt:DAN}} * {{R:pt:Infopédia}} * {{R:pt:Michaelis}} * {{R:pt:Priberam}} {{C|pt|飲食}} ==斯瓦希里語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|sw|en|gastronomy}}。 ===發音=== * {{audio|sw|Sw-ke-gastronomia.flac|a=Kenya}} ===名詞=== {{sw-noun|n}} # [[美食學]]，[[烹調]]術 11x71up9il4mdksa2lierkcy96uecaf 0 984782 9959750 9928164 2026-11-03T09:59:42Z YeBoy371 43905 /* 派生詞彙 */ 9959750 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=标准时|type=21}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=biāozhǔnshí |c=biu1 zeon2 si4 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # 同一[[時區]]內不同[[地區]]共同採用的[[同步]][[時間]] ====近義詞==== * {{zh-l|標準時間}} {{zh-cat|時間}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ひょう|じゅん|じ|yomi=o}} {{swp|lang=ja}} ===詞源=== 源自 {{ja-compound|標%準|ひょう%じゅん|時|じ|t1=[[標準]]|t2=[[時]]|sort=ひょうじゅんじ}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|ひょうじゅんじ|acc=3|acc_ref=DJR,NHK,SMK5}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|ひょうじゅんじ|hhira=へうじゆんじ}} # [[標準時#漢語|標準時]] ====派生詞彙==== * {{ja-r|日%本%標%準%時|^に%ほん ^%ひょう%じゅん%じ}} * {{ja-r|万%国%標%準%時|^ばん%こく ^%ひょう%じゅん%じ}} ===參見=== * {{ja-r|標%準%時%間|ひょう%じゅん %じ%かん}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} {{C|ja|時間|sort=ひょうじゅんじ}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=표준시}} # {{hanja form of|표준시}} hvqt6g347tvad9xofmc3vnf2xrw8tp9 0 989503 9959751 7880305 2026-11-03T10:01:05Z YeBoy371 43905 /* 專有名詞 */ 9959751 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ばん|こく|ひょう|じゅん|じ|yomi=o}} ===名詞=== 源自 {{ja-compound|万%国|ばん%こく|標%準%時|ひょう%じゅん%じ|t1=國際}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|ばんこく ひょうじゅんじ}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-proper noun|^ばんこく ^ひょうじゅんじ|hhira=ばんこく へうじゆんじ}} # [[國際標準時]] {{c|ja|時間|sort=ばんこくひょうじゅんじ}} q2ry2rnaij64qetqgwm1pee6vv9yiwk 9959752 9959751 2026-11-03T10:01:47Z YeBoy371 43905 /* 專有名詞 */ 9959752 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ばん|こく|ひょう|じゅん|じ|yomi=o}} ===名詞=== 源自 {{ja-compound|万%国|ばん%こく|標%準%時|ひょう%じゅん%じ|t1=國際}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|ばんこく ひょうじゅんじ}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|ばんこく ひょうじゅんじ|hhira=ばんこく へうじゆんじ}} # [[國際標準時]] {{c|ja|時間|sort=ばんこくひょうじゅんじ}} gwgmng0105p1fckpi9nh36x8mzsh2eg 9959844 9959752 2026-11-03T10:53:22Z YeBoy371 43905 /* 詞源 */ 9959844 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|ばん|こく|ひょう|じゅん|じ|yomi=o}} ===詞源=== 源自 {{ja-compound|万%国|ばん%こく|標%準%時|ひょう%じゅん%じ|t1=國際}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|ばんこく ひょうじゅんじ}} ===專有名詞=== {{ja-pos|proper|ばんこく ひょうじゅんじ|hhira=ばんこく へうじゆんじ}} # [[國際標準時]] {{c|ja|時間|sort=ばんこくひょうじゅんじ}} ba9u8ic4bge3q5w4phog7cvujajv00y 0 1036790 9959939 8798908 2026-11-03T11:39:02Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959939 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波兰语== ===发音=== * {{pl-pr|a=Pl-wódka.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-wódka.wav}} ===名词=== {{pl-ndecl|<f>}} {{infl|pl|noun|g=f}} #伏特加酒 ====相关词汇==== *[[wódczany]]（形容词） [[Category:波蘭語 飲料]] jsgp189pijv0xu737oqh42b5683e52y 0 1037501 9959958 6024926 2026-11-03T11:39:43Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|sie|Sie}} ==波兰语== ===发音=== *{{IPA|pl|/ɕɛ/}} *{{audio|pl|pl-się.ogg|audio}} ===代词=== {{pl-ndecl|siebie<pron>|title=się 的變格}} {{infl|pl|pronoun}} #（反身代词）自己 #互相，相互 lgulfoyu2bkrv407i2uxt5wyj21rt1c 0 1177731 9959682 6670167 2026-11-03T08:57:15Z TongcyDai 53191 9959682 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== [[File:The French Philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre 1965 (JOKAHBL3E F08-7).tif|thumb|1965年7月，[[法國]][[哲學家]]{{w|讓-保羅·薩特}}於[[芬蘭]][[赫爾辛基]]。他被視為存在主義哲學的代表人物之一''（{{senseno|en|哲學運動}}）''。]] ===詞源=== {{ety|en|:af|existential|-ism<pos:{{lg|後綴}}，用於構成思想學派、體系或理論名稱>|text=+|tree=1|nodot=1}}，仿照{{cog|de|Existentialismus}}。該詞由法國哲學家{{w|讓-保羅·薩特}}（1905–1980）在其著作《{{w|存在主義是一種人道主義}}》（{{m|fr||L’existentialisme est un humanisme}}，1946年）中推廣普及。<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=1134550475|date=July 2023|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|pos=n|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704131331/https://www.lexico.com/definition/existentialism}}</ref> ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəlɪz(ə)m/|/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃlɪz(ə)m/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|/ˌɛɡzəˈstɛn(t)ʃəˌlɪzəm/|/ˌɛk-/|a=GA}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-existentialism.wav|a=GA|IPA=/ˌɛkzəˈstɛnʃəˌlɪzəm/}} * {{rhymes|en|ɛnʃəlɪzəm|s=6}} * {{hyphenation|en|ex|ist|ent|i|al|i|sm}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun|~}} {{tlb|en|哲學}} # {{senseid|en|哲學運動}}{{lb|en|不可數}} [[存在主義]] #: {{ant|en|noumenalism}} #: {{ux|en|The heyday of '''existentialism''' occurred in the mid-twentieth century.|'''存在主義'''的全盛期出現在二十世紀中葉。}} #* {{quote-journal|en|year=1933|month=January|author=w:en:Arthur Liebert|article_tlr=[[w:en:George Holland Sabine|George H[olland] Sabine]]|title=Contemporary German Philosophy|editors=Frank Thilly; G. Watts Cunningham; George H. Sabine|journal=w:en:The Philosophical Review|location=Lancaster, Pa.; New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:en:Longman|Longmans, Green, and Company]]|volume=XLII|issue=1 (number 247 overall)|page=32|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/sim_philosophical-review_1933-01_42_1/page/32/mode/1up|issn=0031-8108|jstor=2180255|oclc=1037622728|passage=This {{quote-gloss|方言}} theology takes sides against idealism and for ‘'''existentialism'''’, in other words, for a philosophy which makes being its starting-point. But in the idealists there are already highly significant elements of '''existentialism''', as [[w:en:Eduard Spranger|{{quote-gloss|Eduard}} Spranger]] convincingly urges.|t=這種神學反對唯心主義，支持「'''存在主義'''」，換言之，支持一種以存在為起點的哲學。但在唯心主義者那裡，正如愛德華·斯普蘭格令人信服地主張的那樣，已經存在著極為顯著的'''存在主義'''元素。}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1956|month=September|author=w:en:Jean-Paul Sartre|chapter=Sartre: Existentialism [4. {{w|lang=en|Existentialism is a Humanism}}]|translator=[[w:en:Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|Walter Kaufmann]]|title=Existentialism from [[w:en:Fyodor Dostoevsky|Dostoevsky]] to Sartre{{nb...|Edited, with an Introduction, Prefaces, and New Translations by Walter Kaufmann}}|location=Cleveland, Oh.|publisher=Meridian Books, {{w|lang=en|World Publishing Company}}|year_published=November 1969|pages=288 and 290|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/existentialismfr0000unse/page/288/mode/1up|oclc=4708643|passage={{quote-gloss|[https://archive.org/details/existentialismfr0000unse/page/288/mode/1up page 288]}} [W]e can begin by saying that '''existentialism''', in our sense of the word, is a doctrine that does render human life possible; a doctrine, also, which affirms that every truth and every action imply both an environment and a human subjectivity. {{...}} {{quote-gloss|[https://archive.org/details/existentialismfr0000unse/page/290/mode/1up page 290]}} Atheistic '''existentialism''', of which I am a representative, declares with greater consistency that if God does not exist there is at least one whose existence comes before its essence, a being which exists before it can be defined by any conception of it. That being is man or, as [[w:Martin Heidegger|{{quote-gloss|Martin}} Heidegger]] has it, the human reality. What doe we mean by saying that existence precedes essence? We mean that man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the world—and defines himself afterwards.|t=〔第288頁〕首先我們可以說，在我們所理解的詞義上，'''存在主義'''是一種使人類生活成為可能的學說；這也是一種肯定每一項真理與每一次行動都同時蘊含著環境與人類主體性的學說。……〔第290頁〕作為其代表人物之一的無神論'''存在主義'''更為連貫地宣稱，如果上帝不存在，那麼至少有一種存在的存在先於其本質，這種存在在其能被任何概念定義之前就已經存在了。這種存在就是人，或者如馬丁·海德格所言，即人類實在。我們說存在先於本質是什麼意思？意思是人首先存在、與自身相遇、在世界中湧現——然後才定義自己。}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1978|last=Kołakowski|first=Leszek|authorlink=Leszek Kołakowski|title=w:en:Main Currents of Marxism|volume=I: The Founders|origlang=pl|original=Główne nurty marksizmu: powstanie|translator=P[aul] S[teven] Falla|origyear=1976|publisher=w:en:Clarendon Press|location=w:en:Oxford|isbn=9780198245476|oclc=181789472|page=163|passage=This is a matter of coincidence rather than historical continuity; there is, however, a link between Stirner and modern '''existentialism''' through Nietzsche, who had read Stirner's work though he nowhere expressly refers to it.|t=這是巧合而非歷史的延續；然而，施蒂納與現代'''存在主義'''之間確實透過尼采產生了聯繫，尼采讀過施蒂納的著作，儘管他從未明確提及過。}} # {{lb|en|可數}} 與存在主義運動相關的特定[[思想家]]的[[哲學]][[觀點]] #: {{ux|en|Sartre’s '''existentialism''' is atheistic, but the '''existentialism''' of Marcel is distinctly Christian.|沙特的'''存在主義'''是無神論的，但馬塞爾的'''存在主義'''卻帶有明顯的基督教色彩。}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1952|author=[[w:en:Kurt F. Reinhardt|Kurt F[rank] Reinhardt]]|chapter=Introduction: The Crisis of Human Existence|title=The Existentialist Revolt: The Main Themes and Phases of Existentialism{{nb...|Kirkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Jaspers, Sartre, Marcel}}|location=Milwaukee, Wis.|publisher=[[w:en:RCL Benziger|The Bruce Publishing Company]]|page=5|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/the-existentialist-revolt-the-main-themes-and-phases-of-kurt-f-reinhardt/The%20existentialist%20revolt_%20the%20main%20themes%20and%20phases%20of%20--%20Kurt%20F_%20Reinhardt%20(2)/page/5/mode/1up|oclc=902349202|passage=In the "'''existentialisms'''" of [[w:Martin Heidegger|{{quote-gloss|Martin}} Heidegger]], [[w:Karl Jaspers|{{quote-gloss|Karl}} Jaspers]], [[w:Jean-Paul Sartre|{{quote-gloss|Jean-Paul}} Sartre]], [[w:Gabriel Marcel|{{quote-gloss|Gabriel}} Marcel]], etc., no less than in the "dialectal" or "crisis" theology of {{w|Karl Barth}} and his associates, [[w:Søren Kierkegaard|{{quote-gloss|Søren}} Kirkegaard]]'s thought lives on as a challenge to the twentieth century.|t=在馬丁·海德格、卡爾·雅斯培、尚-保羅·沙特、加布里埃爾·馬塞爾等人的各種「'''存在主義'''」中，正如在卡爾·巴特及其同僚的「辯證」或「危機」神學中一樣，索倫·齊克果的思想依然作為對二十世紀的挑戰而延續著。}} #* {{quote-journal|en|year=1965|month=September|author=w:en:Mikel Dufrenne|title=Existentialism and Existentialisms|editor=w:en:Marvin Farber|journal=w:en:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research|location=Buffalo, N.Y.|publisher=[F]or the International Phenomenological Society by the [[w:en:University of Buffalo|University of Buffalo Foundation]]|volume=XXVI|number=1|page=51|issn=0031-8205|jstor=2105468|oclc=797937789|passage=Instead of '''Existentialism''', we should speak of '''Existentialisms'''. {{...}} [M]y contention is that to speak of '''Existentialism''' means something, but that every one of the so-called Existentialists treads now his own path in his own direction.|t=我們應該談論各種「'''存在主義'''」，而不是單一的「'''存在主義'''」。……我的觀點是，談論「'''存在主義'''」是有其意義的，但每一位所謂的存在主義者如今都在朝著自己的方向走自己的路。}} # {{lb|en|不可數|historical}} {{synonym of|en|structuralism|t=[[結構主義]]}} #* {{quote-journal|en|year=1922|month=January|author=[[w:en:Edward B. Titchener|E[dward] B[radford] Titchener]]|title=Functional Psychology and the Psychology of Act: II|editor=Edward Bradford Titchener|journal=[[w:en:American Journal of Psychology|The American Journal of Psychology]]|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:en:Morrill Hall (Cornell University)|Morrill Hall]], {{w|lang=en|Cornell University}}|volume=XXXIII|issue=1|section=footnote 160|page=81|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/jstor-1413752/page/n39/mode/1up|issn=0002-9556|jstor=1413752|oclc=1118218866|passage=I sought to 'psychologise' [[w:Franz Brentano|{{quote-gloss|Franz}} Brentano]]'s act as being, existentially, the temporal factor intrinsic to psychological subject-matter. {{...}} My attempt sprang, indeed，源自a rather desperate desire somehow to bring intentionalism and '''existentialism''' together at close quarters, and to transcend the mere calling of names.|t=我試圖將弗朗茲·布倫塔諾的「意動」『心理學化』，視其在存在層面上是心理學研究對象所固有的時間因素。……我的嘗試確實源於一種相當迫切的渴望，希望在某種程度上使意向主義與'''存在主義'''近距離結合，並超越單純的互相攻訐。}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1943|author=[[w:en:Coleman Griffith|Coleman R[oberts] Griffith]]|chapter=The Principles of Experimental Method|title=Principles of Systematic Psychology|location=Urbana, Ill.|publisher=w:en:University of Illinois Press|section=¶&nbsp;339|page=438|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/principlesofsyst0000cole/page/438/mode/1up|oclc=878321298|passage=[T]here was the argument of '''existentialism''' that the qualities of experience, or of the contents of gnomic mind, rather than acts constitute the subject matter of psychology.|t=當時有一種'''存在主義'''的論點認為，構成心理學研究對象的是經驗的特質或理智心靈的內容，而非意動。}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|en|resistentialism}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col3|en |exist |existence |existential |existentialist |existentially |nonexistential }} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{pedia|lang=en}} 4o24p2pcq4rkpf2kljvx4nfoydd7yga 9959683 9959682 2026-11-03T08:58:18Z TongcyDai 53191 9959683 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== [[File:The French Philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre 1965 (JOKAHBL3E F08-7).tif|thumb|1965年7月，[[法國]][[哲學家]]{{w|讓-保羅·薩特}}於[[芬蘭]][[赫爾辛基]]。他被視為存在主義哲學的代表人物之一''（{{senseno|en|哲學運動}}）''。]] ===詞源=== {{ety|en|:af|existential|-ism<pos:{{lg|後綴}}，用於構成思想學派、體系或理論名稱>|text=+|tree=1|nodot=1}}，仿照{{cog|de|Existentialismus}}。該詞由法國哲學家{{w|讓-保羅·薩特}}（1905–1980）在其著作《{{w|存在主義是一種人道主義}}》（{{m|fr||L’existentialisme est un humanisme}}，1946年）中推廣普及。<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=1134550475|date=July 2023|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|pos=n|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704131331/https://www.lexico.com/definition/existentialism}}</ref> ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəlɪz(ə)m/|/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃlɪz(ə)m/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|/ˌɛɡzəˈstɛn(t)ʃəˌlɪzəm/|/ˌɛk-/|a=GA}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-existentialism.wav|a=GA|IPA=/ˌɛkzəˈstɛnʃəˌlɪzəm/}} * {{rhymes|en|ɛnʃəlɪzəm|s=6}} * {{hyphenation|en|ex|ist|ent|i|al|i|sm}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun|~}} {{tlb|en|哲學}} # {{senseid|en|哲學運動}}{{lb|en|不可數}} [[存在主義]] #: {{ant|en|noumenalism}} #: {{ux|en|The heyday of '''existentialism''' occurred in the mid-twentieth century.|'''存在主義'''的全盛期出現在二十世紀中葉。}} #* {{quote-journal|en|year=1933|month=January|author=w:en:Arthur Liebert|article_tlr=[[w:en:George Holland Sabine|George H[olland] Sabine]]|title=Contemporary German Philosophy|editors=Frank Thilly; G. Watts Cunningham; George H. Sabine|journal=w:en:The Philosophical Review|location=Lancaster, Pa.; New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:en:Longman|Longmans, Green, and Company]]|volume=XLII|issue=1 (number 247 overall)|page=32|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/sim_philosophical-review_1933-01_42_1/page/32/mode/1up|issn=0031-8108|jstor=2180255|oclc=1037622728|passage=This {{quote-gloss|dialectal}} theology takes sides against idealism and for ‘'''existentialism'''’, in other words, for a philosophy which makes being its starting-point. But in the idealists there are already highly significant elements of '''existentialism''', as [[w:en:Eduard Spranger|{{quote-gloss|Eduard}} Spranger]] convincingly urges.|t=這種辯證神學反對唯心主義，支持「'''存在主義'''」，換言之，支持一種以存在為起點的哲學。但在唯心主義者那裡，正如愛德華·斯普蘭格令人信服地主張的那樣，已經存在著極為顯著的'''存在主義'''元素。}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1956|month=September|author=w:en:Jean-Paul Sartre|chapter=Sartre: Existentialism [4. {{w|lang=en|Existentialism is a Humanism}}]|translator=[[w:en:Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|Walter Kaufmann]]|title=Existentialism from [[w:en:Fyodor Dostoevsky|Dostoevsky]] to Sartre{{nb...|Edited, with an Introduction, Prefaces, and New Translations by Walter Kaufmann}}|location=Cleveland, Oh.|publisher=Meridian Books, {{w|lang=en|World Publishing Company}}|year_published=November 1969|pages=288 and 290|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/existentialismfr0000unse/page/288/mode/1up|oclc=4708643|passage={{quote-gloss|[https://archive.org/details/existentialismfr0000unse/page/288/mode/1up page 288]}} [W]e can begin by saying that '''existentialism''', in our sense of the word, is a doctrine that does render human life possible; a doctrine, also, which affirms that every truth and every action imply both an environment and a human subjectivity. {{...}} {{quote-gloss|[https://archive.org/details/existentialismfr0000unse/page/290/mode/1up page 290]}} Atheistic '''existentialism''', of which I am a representative, declares with greater consistency that if God does not exist there is at least one whose existence comes before its essence, a being which exists before it can be defined by any conception of it. That being is man or, as [[w:Martin Heidegger|{{quote-gloss|Martin}} Heidegger]] has it, the human reality. What doe we mean by saying that existence precedes essence? We mean that man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the world—and defines himself afterwards.|t=〔第288頁〕首先我們可以說，在我們所理解的詞義上，'''存在主義'''是一種使人類生活成為可能的學說；這也是一種肯定每一項真理與每一次行動都同時蘊含著環境與人類主體性的學說。……〔第290頁〕作為其代表人物之一的無神論'''存在主義'''更為連貫地宣稱，如果上帝不存在，那麼至少有一種存在的存在先於其本質，這種存在在其能被任何概念定義之前就已經存在了。這種存在就是人，或者如馬丁·海德格所言，即人類實在。我們說存在先於本質是什麼意思？意思是人首先存在、與自身相遇、在世界中湧現——然後才定義自己。}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1978|last=Kołakowski|first=Leszek|authorlink=Leszek Kołakowski|title=w:en:Main Currents of Marxism|volume=I: The Founders|origlang=pl|original=Główne nurty marksizmu: powstanie|translator=P[aul] S[teven] Falla|origyear=1976|publisher=w:en:Clarendon Press|location=w:en:Oxford|isbn=9780198245476|oclc=181789472|page=163|passage=This is a matter of coincidence rather than historical continuity; there is, however, a link between Stirner and modern '''existentialism''' through Nietzsche, who had read Stirner's work though he nowhere expressly refers to it.|t=這是巧合而非歷史的延續；然而，施蒂納與現代'''存在主義'''之間確實透過尼采產生了聯繫，尼采讀過施蒂納的著作，儘管他從未明確提及過。}} # {{lb|en|可數}} 與存在主義運動相關的特定[[思想家]]的[[哲學]][[觀點]] #: {{ux|en|Sartre’s '''existentialism''' is atheistic, but the '''existentialism''' of Marcel is distinctly Christian.|沙特的'''存在主義'''是無神論的，但馬塞爾的'''存在主義'''卻帶有明顯的基督教色彩。}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1952|author=[[w:en:Kurt F. Reinhardt|Kurt F[rank] Reinhardt]]|chapter=Introduction: The Crisis of Human Existence|title=The Existentialist Revolt: The Main Themes and Phases of Existentialism{{nb...|Kirkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Jaspers, Sartre, Marcel}}|location=Milwaukee, Wis.|publisher=[[w:en:RCL Benziger|The Bruce Publishing Company]]|page=5|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/the-existentialist-revolt-the-main-themes-and-phases-of-kurt-f-reinhardt/The%20existentialist%20revolt_%20the%20main%20themes%20and%20phases%20of%20--%20Kurt%20F_%20Reinhardt%20(2)/page/5/mode/1up|oclc=902349202|passage=In the "'''existentialisms'''" of [[w:Martin Heidegger|{{quote-gloss|Martin}} Heidegger]], [[w:Karl Jaspers|{{quote-gloss|Karl}} Jaspers]], [[w:Jean-Paul Sartre|{{quote-gloss|Jean-Paul}} Sartre]], [[w:Gabriel Marcel|{{quote-gloss|Gabriel}} Marcel]], etc., no less than in the "dialectal" or "crisis" theology of {{w|Karl Barth}} and his associates, [[w:Søren Kierkegaard|{{quote-gloss|Søren}} Kirkegaard]]'s thought lives on as a challenge to the twentieth century.|t=在馬丁·海德格、卡爾·雅斯培、尚-保羅·沙特、加布里埃爾·馬塞爾等人的各種「'''存在主義'''」中，正如在卡爾·巴特及其同僚的「辯證」或「危機」神學中一樣，索倫·齊克果的思想依然作為對二十世紀的挑戰而延續著。}} #* {{quote-journal|en|year=1965|month=September|author=w:en:Mikel Dufrenne|title=Existentialism and Existentialisms|editor=w:en:Marvin Farber|journal=w:en:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research|location=Buffalo, N.Y.|publisher=[F]or the International Phenomenological Society by the [[w:en:University of Buffalo|University of Buffalo Foundation]]|volume=XXVI|number=1|page=51|issn=0031-8205|jstor=2105468|oclc=797937789|passage=Instead of '''Existentialism''', we should speak of '''Existentialisms'''. {{...}} [M]y contention is that to speak of '''Existentialism''' means something, but that every one of the so-called Existentialists treads now his own path in his own direction.|t=我們應該談論各種「'''存在主義'''」，而不是單一的「'''存在主義'''」。……我的觀點是，談論「'''存在主義'''」是有其意義的，但每一位所謂的存在主義者如今都在朝著自己的方向走自己的路。}} # {{lb|en|不可數|historical}} {{synonym of|en|structuralism|t=[[結構主義]]}} #* {{quote-journal|en|year=1922|month=January|author=[[w:en:Edward B. Titchener|E[dward] B[radford] Titchener]]|title=Functional Psychology and the Psychology of Act: II|editor=Edward Bradford Titchener|journal=[[w:en:American Journal of Psychology|The American Journal of Psychology]]|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:en:Morrill Hall (Cornell University)|Morrill Hall]], {{w|lang=en|Cornell University}}|volume=XXXIII|issue=1|section=footnote 160|page=81|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/jstor-1413752/page/n39/mode/1up|issn=0002-9556|jstor=1413752|oclc=1118218866|passage=I sought to 'psychologise' [[w:Franz Brentano|{{quote-gloss|Franz}} Brentano]]'s act as being, existentially, the temporal factor intrinsic to psychological subject-matter. {{...}} My attempt sprang, indeed，源自a rather desperate desire somehow to bring intentionalism and '''existentialism''' together at close quarters, and to transcend the mere calling of names.|t=我試圖將弗朗茲·布倫塔諾的「意動」『心理學化』，視其在存在層面上是心理學研究對象所固有的時間因素。……我的嘗試確實源於一種相當迫切的渴望，希望在某種程度上使意向主義與'''存在主義'''近距離結合，並超越單純的互相攻訐。}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1943|author=[[w:en:Coleman Griffith|Coleman R[oberts] Griffith]]|chapter=The Principles of Experimental Method|title=Principles of Systematic Psychology|location=Urbana, Ill.|publisher=w:en:University of Illinois Press|section=¶&nbsp;339|page=438|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/principlesofsyst0000cole/page/438/mode/1up|oclc=878321298|passage=[T]here was the argument of '''existentialism''' that the qualities of experience, or of the contents of gnomic mind, rather than acts constitute the subject matter of psychology.|t=當時有一種'''存在主義'''的論點認為，構成心理學研究對象的是經驗的特質或理智心靈的內容，而非意動。}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|en|resistentialism}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col3|en |exist |existence |existential |existentialist |existentially |nonexistential }} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{pedia|lang=en}} rgxttd50g38oaua6mshcqxh9vv1gzk8 9959684 9959683 2026-11-03T08:58:34Z TongcyDai 53191 9959684 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== [[File:The French Philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre 1965 (JOKAHBL3E F08-7).tif|thumb|1965年7月，[[法國]][[哲學家]]{{w|讓-保羅·薩特}}於[[芬蘭]][[赫爾辛基]]。他被視為存在主義哲學的代表人物之一''（{{senseno|en|哲學運動}}）''。]] ===詞源=== {{ety|en|:af|existential|-ism<pos:{{lg|後綴}}，用於構成思想學派、體系或理論名稱>|text=+|tree=1|nodot=1}}，仿照{{cog|de|Existentialismus}}。該詞由法國哲學家{{w|讓-保羅·薩特}}（1905–1980）在其著作《{{w|存在主義是一種人道主義}}》（{{m|fr||L’existentialisme est un humanisme}}，1946年）中推廣普及。<ref>{{R:OED Online|pos=n|id=1134550475|date=July 2023|nodot=1}}; {{R:Lexico|pos=n|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704131331/https://www.lexico.com/definition/existentialism}}</ref> ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəlɪz(ə)m/|/ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃlɪz(ə)m/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|/ˌɛɡzəˈstɛn(t)ʃəˌlɪzəm/|/ˌɛk-/|a=GA}} * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-existentialism.wav|a=GA|IPA=/ˌɛkzəˈstɛnʃəˌlɪzəm/}} * {{rhymes|en|ɛnʃəlɪzəm|s=6}} * {{hyphenation|en|ex|ist|ent|i|al|i|sm}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun|~}} {{tlb|en|哲學}} # {{senseid|en|哲學運動}}{{lb|en|不可數}} [[存在主義]] #: {{ant|en|noumenalism}} #: {{ux|en|The heyday of '''existentialism''' occurred in the mid-twentieth century.|'''存在主義'''的全盛期出現在二十世紀中葉。}} #* {{quote-journal|en|year=1933|month=January|author=w:en:Arthur Liebert|article_tlr=[[w:en:George Holland Sabine|George H[olland] Sabine]]|title=Contemporary German Philosophy|editors=Frank Thilly; G. Watts Cunningham; George H. Sabine|journal=w:en:The Philosophical Review|location=Lancaster, Pa.; New York, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:en:Longman|Longmans, Green, and Company]]|volume=XLII|issue=1 (number 247 overall)|page=32|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/sim_philosophical-review_1933-01_42_1/page/32/mode/1up|issn=0031-8108|jstor=2180255|oclc=1037622728|passage=This {{quote-gloss|dialectal}} theology takes sides against idealism and for ‘'''existentialism'''’, in other words, for a philosophy which makes being its starting-point. But in the idealists there are already highly significant elements of '''existentialism''', as [[w:en:Eduard Spranger|{{quote-gloss|Eduard}} Spranger]] convincingly urges.|t=這種神學反對唯心主義，支持「'''存在主義'''」，換言之，支持一種以存在為起點的哲學。但在唯心主義者那裡，正如愛德華·斯普蘭格令人信服地主張的那樣，已經存在著極為顯著的'''存在主義'''元素。}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1956|month=September|author=w:en:Jean-Paul Sartre|chapter=Sartre: Existentialism [4. {{w|lang=en|Existentialism is a Humanism}}]|translator=[[w:en:Walter Kaufmann (philosopher)|Walter Kaufmann]]|title=Existentialism from [[w:en:Fyodor Dostoevsky|Dostoevsky]] to Sartre{{nb...|Edited, with an Introduction, Prefaces, and New Translations by Walter Kaufmann}}|location=Cleveland, Oh.|publisher=Meridian Books, {{w|lang=en|World Publishing Company}}|year_published=November 1969|pages=288 and 290|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/existentialismfr0000unse/page/288/mode/1up|oclc=4708643|passage={{quote-gloss|[https://archive.org/details/existentialismfr0000unse/page/288/mode/1up page 288]}} [W]e can begin by saying that '''existentialism''', in our sense of the word, is a doctrine that does render human life possible; a doctrine, also, which affirms that every truth and every action imply both an environment and a human subjectivity. {{...}} {{quote-gloss|[https://archive.org/details/existentialismfr0000unse/page/290/mode/1up page 290]}} Atheistic '''existentialism''', of which I am a representative, declares with greater consistency that if God does not exist there is at least one whose existence comes before its essence, a being which exists before it can be defined by any conception of it. That being is man or, as [[w:Martin Heidegger|{{quote-gloss|Martin}} Heidegger]] has it, the human reality. What doe we mean by saying that existence precedes essence? We mean that man first of all exists, encounters himself, surges up in the world—and defines himself afterwards.|t=〔第288頁〕首先我們可以說，在我們所理解的詞義上，'''存在主義'''是一種使人類生活成為可能的學說；這也是一種肯定每一項真理與每一次行動都同時蘊含著環境與人類主體性的學說。……〔第290頁〕作為其代表人物之一的無神論'''存在主義'''更為連貫地宣稱，如果上帝不存在，那麼至少有一種存在的存在先於其本質，這種存在在其能被任何概念定義之前就已經存在了。這種存在就是人，或者如馬丁·海德格所言，即人類實在。我們說存在先於本質是什麼意思？意思是人首先存在、與自身相遇、在世界中湧現——然後才定義自己。}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1978|last=Kołakowski|first=Leszek|authorlink=Leszek Kołakowski|title=w:en:Main Currents of Marxism|volume=I: The Founders|origlang=pl|original=Główne nurty marksizmu: powstanie|translator=P[aul] S[teven] Falla|origyear=1976|publisher=w:en:Clarendon Press|location=w:en:Oxford|isbn=9780198245476|oclc=181789472|page=163|passage=This is a matter of coincidence rather than historical continuity; there is, however, a link between Stirner and modern '''existentialism''' through Nietzsche, who had read Stirner's work though he nowhere expressly refers to it.|t=這是巧合而非歷史的延續；然而，施蒂納與現代'''存在主義'''之間確實透過尼采產生了聯繫，尼采讀過施蒂納的著作，儘管他從未明確提及過。}} # {{lb|en|可數}} 與存在主義運動相關的特定[[思想家]]的[[哲學]][[觀點]] #: {{ux|en|Sartre’s '''existentialism''' is atheistic, but the '''existentialism''' of Marcel is distinctly Christian.|沙特的'''存在主義'''是無神論的，但馬塞爾的'''存在主義'''卻帶有明顯的基督教色彩。}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1952|author=[[w:en:Kurt F. Reinhardt|Kurt F[rank] Reinhardt]]|chapter=Introduction: The Crisis of Human Existence|title=The Existentialist Revolt: The Main Themes and Phases of Existentialism{{nb...|Kirkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Jaspers, Sartre, Marcel}}|location=Milwaukee, Wis.|publisher=[[w:en:RCL Benziger|The Bruce Publishing Company]]|page=5|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/the-existentialist-revolt-the-main-themes-and-phases-of-kurt-f-reinhardt/The%20existentialist%20revolt_%20the%20main%20themes%20and%20phases%20of%20--%20Kurt%20F_%20Reinhardt%20(2)/page/5/mode/1up|oclc=902349202|passage=In the "'''existentialisms'''" of [[w:Martin Heidegger|{{quote-gloss|Martin}} Heidegger]], [[w:Karl Jaspers|{{quote-gloss|Karl}} Jaspers]], [[w:Jean-Paul Sartre|{{quote-gloss|Jean-Paul}} Sartre]], [[w:Gabriel Marcel|{{quote-gloss|Gabriel}} Marcel]], etc., no less than in the "dialectal" or "crisis" theology of {{w|Karl Barth}} and his associates, [[w:Søren Kierkegaard|{{quote-gloss|Søren}} Kirkegaard]]'s thought lives on as a challenge to the twentieth century.|t=在馬丁·海德格、卡爾·雅斯培、尚-保羅·沙特、加布里埃爾·馬塞爾等人的各種「'''存在主義'''」中，正如在卡爾·巴特及其同僚的「辯證」或「危機」神學中一樣，索倫·齊克果的思想依然作為對二十世紀的挑戰而延續著。}} #* {{quote-journal|en|year=1965|month=September|author=w:en:Mikel Dufrenne|title=Existentialism and Existentialisms|editor=w:en:Marvin Farber|journal=w:en:Philosophy and Phenomenological Research|location=Buffalo, N.Y.|publisher=[F]or the International Phenomenological Society by the [[w:en:University of Buffalo|University of Buffalo Foundation]]|volume=XXVI|number=1|page=51|issn=0031-8205|jstor=2105468|oclc=797937789|passage=Instead of '''Existentialism''', we should speak of '''Existentialisms'''. {{...}} [M]y contention is that to speak of '''Existentialism''' means something, but that every one of the so-called Existentialists treads now his own path in his own direction.|t=我們應該談論各種「'''存在主義'''」，而不是單一的「'''存在主義'''」。……我的觀點是，談論「'''存在主義'''」是有其意義的，但每一位所謂的存在主義者如今都在朝著自己的方向走自己的路。}} # {{lb|en|不可數|historical}} {{synonym of|en|structuralism|t=[[結構主義]]}} #* {{quote-journal|en|year=1922|month=January|author=[[w:en:Edward B. Titchener|E[dward] B[radford] Titchener]]|title=Functional Psychology and the Psychology of Act: II|editor=Edward Bradford Titchener|journal=[[w:en:American Journal of Psychology|The American Journal of Psychology]]|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|publisher=[[w:en:Morrill Hall (Cornell University)|Morrill Hall]], {{w|lang=en|Cornell University}}|volume=XXXIII|issue=1|section=footnote 160|page=81|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/jstor-1413752/page/n39/mode/1up|issn=0002-9556|jstor=1413752|oclc=1118218866|passage=I sought to 'psychologise' [[w:Franz Brentano|{{quote-gloss|Franz}} Brentano]]'s act as being, existentially, the temporal factor intrinsic to psychological subject-matter. {{...}} My attempt sprang, indeed，源自a rather desperate desire somehow to bring intentionalism and '''existentialism''' together at close quarters, and to transcend the mere calling of names.|t=我試圖將弗朗茲·布倫塔諾的「意動」『心理學化』，視其在存在層面上是心理學研究對象所固有的時間因素。……我的嘗試確實源於一種相當迫切的渴望，希望在某種程度上使意向主義與'''存在主義'''近距離結合，並超越單純的互相攻訐。}} #* {{quote-book|en|year=1943|author=[[w:en:Coleman Griffith|Coleman R[oberts] Griffith]]|chapter=The Principles of Experimental Method|title=Principles of Systematic Psychology|location=Urbana, Ill.|publisher=w:en:University of Illinois Press|section=¶&nbsp;339|page=438|pageurl=https://archive.org/details/principlesofsyst0000cole/page/438/mode/1up|oclc=878321298|passage=[T]here was the argument of '''existentialism''' that the qualities of experience, or of the contents of gnomic mind, rather than acts constitute the subject matter of psychology.|t=當時有一種'''存在主義'''的論點認為，構成心理學研究對象的是經驗的特質或理智心靈的內容，而非意動。}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|en|resistentialism}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col3|en |exist |existence |existential |existentialist |existentially |nonexistential }} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{pedia|lang=en}} nkvp97qm52h1gf4s7aobewuhe3vaag1 8 1365391 9959641 9113648 2026-11-02T23:10:09Z Maintenance script 41826 Use thumb.wikimedia.org for thumbnails ([[phab:T427465]], Operator: Ladsgroup) 9959641 javascript text/javascript // {{documentation}} // See also: MediaWiki:Gadget-HotCat.js/local defaults window.hotcat_translations_from_commons = true; /** HotCat V2.43 zh.wiktionary fork of en.wiktionary fork (with better support for zh.wiktionary templates) upstream: https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-HotCat.js&oldid=82324368 upstream: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Gadget-HotCat.js&oldid=818790002 The original script is hosted at [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki:Gadget-HotCat.js]. 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var charPYStr = '语尔亚萨马奥纳兰罗达东诺乌鲁圣来图卢维苏库兹内国犹莱乔话伦钦玛约凯岛腊爱贝汉锡门贡农济盖韦类刚劳纽缅赛迈闽侬壮几标欧温湾琼绍鲜麦齐别吕峡汤泼华万叶卫贵宾阳鞑顿冻区却园冈挝书槟冲泽瑶当窝红脱台与赞乡闪际龙杰优吴垅宫宁宽将仑屿干扪扬捞掸叙时晋会栏泾准沟满现禄种粤纪细绒绪线缕绳聪临兴诗论诸讲买费贾赖赣车辉辑逊远逻邹邓开阁阗陆云雾颇头余鹘丽龟锕皑蔼碍嗳嫒瑷暧霭谙铵鹌肮袄媪骜鳌坝罢钯摆败呗颁办绊钣帮绑镑谤剥饱宝报鲍鸨龅辈钡狈备惫鹎贲锛绷笔毕毙币闭荜哔滗铋筚跸边编贬变辩辫苄缏笾骠飑飙镖镳鳔鳖瘪濒滨摈傧缤殡膑镔髌鬓饼禀拨钵铂驳饽钹鹁补钸财参蚕残惭惨灿骖黪苍舱仓沧厕侧册测恻层诧锸侪钗搀掺蝉馋谗缠铲产阐颤冁谄谶蒇忏婵骣觇禅镡场尝长偿肠厂畅伥苌怅阊鲳钞彻砗尘陈衬伧谌榇碜龀撑称惩诚骋枨柽铖铛痴迟驰耻齿炽饬鸱冲虫宠铳畴踌筹绸俦帱雠橱厨锄雏础储触处刍绌蹰传钏疮闯创怆锤缍纯鹑绰辍龊辞词赐鹚葱囱从丛苁骢枞凑辏蹿窜撺错锉鹾哒带贷骀绐担单郸胆惮诞弹殚赕瘅箪挡党荡档谠砀裆捣祷导盗焘灯镫敌涤递缔籴诋谛绨觌镝颠点垫电巅钿癫钓调铫鲷谍叠鲽钉顶锭订铤丢铥动栋岽鸫窦犊独读赌镀渎椟牍笃黩锻断缎簖兑队对怼镦吨钝炖趸夺堕铎鹅额讹恶饿谔垩阏轭锇锷鹗颚颛鳄诶儿饵贰迩铒鸸鲕发罚阀珐矾钒烦贩饭访纺钫鲂飞诽废绯镄鲱纷坟奋愤粪偾丰枫锋风疯冯缝讽凤沣肤辐抚辅赋复负讣妇缚凫驸绂绋赙麸鲋鳆钆该钙赅杆赶秆尴擀绀钢纲岗戆镐睾诰缟锆搁鸽铬个纥镉颍给亘赓绠鲠龚巩钩苟构购够诟缑觏蛊顾诂毂钴锢鸪鹄剐挂鸹掴关观馆惯贯诖掼鹳鳏广犷规归闺轨诡刽匦刿妫桧鲑鳜辊滚衮绲鲧锅过埚呙帼椁蝈铪骇韩阚绗颉号灏颢阂鹤贺诃阖蛎横轰鸿黉讧荭闳鲎壶护沪户浒鹕哗画划骅桦铧怀坏欢环还缓换唤痪焕涣奂缳锾鲩黄谎鳇挥毁贿秽烩汇讳诲绘诙荟哕浍缋珲晖荤浑诨馄阍获货祸钬镬击机积饥迹讥鸡绩缉极级挤蓟剂计记继讦诘荠叽哜骥玑觊齑矶羁虿跻霁鲚鲫夹荚颊钾价驾郏浃铗镓蛲歼监坚笺间艰缄茧检碱硷拣捡简俭减荐槛鉴践贱见键舰剑饯渐溅涧谏缣戋戬睑鹣笕鲣鞯浆蒋桨奖酱绛缰胶浇骄娇搅铰矫侥脚饺缴绞轿较挢峤鹪鲛阶节洁结诫届疖颌鲒紧锦仅谨进烬尽劲荆茎卺荩馑缙赆觐鲸惊经颈静镜径痉竞净刭迳弪胫靓纠厩旧阄鸠鹫驹举据锯惧剧讵屦榉飓钜锔窭龃鹃绢锩镌隽觉决绝谲珏钧军骏皲剀垲忾恺铠锴龛闶钪铐颗壳课骒缂轲钶锞颔垦恳龈铿抠裤喾块侩郐哙脍狯髋矿旷况诓诳邝圹纩贶亏岿窥馈溃匮蒉愦聩篑阃锟鲲扩阔蛴蜡崃徕涞濑赉睐铼癞籁蓝拦篮阑澜谰揽览懒缆烂滥岚榄斓镧褴琅阆锒涝唠崂铑铹痨乐鳓镭垒泪诔缧篱狸离鲤礼厉励砾历沥隶俪郦坜苈莅蓠呖逦骊缡枥栎轹砺锂鹂疠粝跞雳鲡鳢俩联莲连镰怜涟帘敛脸链恋炼练蔹奁潋琏殓裢裣鲢粮凉两辆谅魉疗辽镣缭钌鹩猎邻鳞凛赁蔺廪檩辚躏龄铃灵岭领绫棂蛏鲮馏刘浏骝绺镏鹨聋咙笼垄拢陇茏泷珑栊胧砻楼娄搂篓偻蒌喽嵝镂瘘耧蝼髅芦颅庐炉掳卤虏赂录垆撸噜闾泸渌栌橹轳辂辘氇胪鸬鹭舻鲈峦挛孪滦乱脔娈栾鸾銮抡轮仑沦纶囵萝锣箩骡骆络荦猡泺椤脶镙驴铝侣屡虑滤绿榈褛锊呒妈码蚂骂吗唛嬷杩卖脉劢瞒馒蛮谩缦镘颡鳗猫锚铆贸麽没镁闷们焖懑钔锰梦眯谜弥觅幂芈谧猕祢绵渑腼黾庙缈缪灭悯闵缗鸣铭谬谟蓦馍殁镆谋亩钼呐钠难挠脑恼闹铙讷馁拟腻铌鲵撵辇鲶酿鸟茑袅聂啮镊镍陧蘖嗫颟蹑柠狞拧泞苎咛聍钮脓浓哝驽钕傩疟鸥殴呕沤讴怄瓯盘蹒庞抛疱赔辔喷鹏纰罴铍骗谝骈飘缥频贫嫔苹凭评钋扑铺朴谱镤镨栖脐骑岂启气弃讫蕲骐绮桤碛颀颃鳍牵钎铅迁签谦钱钳潜浅谴堑佥荨悭骞缱椠钤枪呛墙蔷强抢嫱樯戗炝锖锵镪羟跄锹桥侨翘窍诮谯荞缲硗跷窃惬锲箧亲寝锓轻氢倾顷请庆揿鲭穷茕蛱巯赇虮鳅趋躯驱龋诎岖阒觑鸲颧权劝诠绻辁铨鹊确阕阙悫让饶扰绕荛娆桡热韧认纫饪轫荣嵘蝾缛铷颦软锐蚬闰润洒飒鳃伞毵糁丧骚扫缫涩啬铯穑杀刹纱铩鲨筛晒酾删陕赡缮讪姗骟钐鳝墒伤赏垧殇觞烧赊摄慑设厍滠畲绅审婶肾渗诜谂渖声胜师狮湿蚀实识驶势适释饰视试谥埘莳弑轼贳铈鲥寿兽绶枢输赎属术树竖数摅纾帅闩双谁税顺说硕烁铄丝饲厮驷缌锶鸶耸怂颂讼诵擞薮馊飕锼诉肃谡稣虽随绥岁谇孙损笋荪狲缩琐锁唢睃獭挞闼铊鳎态钛鲐摊贪瘫滩坛谭谈叹昙钽锬顸烫傥饧铴镗涛绛讨韬铽腾誊锑题体屉缇鹈条粜龆鲦贴铁厅听烃铜统恸钭秃钍团抟颓蜕饨鸵驮驼椭箨鼍袜娲腽弯顽纨绾网辋违围为潍苇伟伪纬谓诿帏闱沩涠玮韪炜鲔闻纹稳问阌瓮蜗涡卧莴龌呜钨诬无芜坞务误邬庑怃妩骛鹉鹜牺袭习铣戏饩阋玺觋虾辖侠狭厦吓硖纤贤衔闲显险献县馅羡宪苋莶藓岘猃娴鹇痫蚝籼跹厢镶详响项芗饷骧缃飨萧嚣销晓啸哓潇骁绡枭箫协挟携胁谐写泻谢亵撷绁缬锌衅陉荥凶汹锈绣馐鸺虚嘘须许续诩顼轩悬选癣绚谖铉镟学谑泶鳕勋询寻驯训讯埙浔鲟压鸦鸭哑讶垭娅桠氩阉烟盐严岩颜阎艳厌砚彦谚验厣赝俨兖谳恹闫酽魇餍鼹鸯杨疡痒养样炀摇尧遥窑谣药轺鹞鳐爷页业靥谒邺晔烨医铱颐遗仪蚁艺亿忆义诣议谊译异绎诒呓峄饴怿驿缢轶贻钇镒镱瘗舣荫阴银饮隐铟瘾樱婴鹰应缨莹萤营荧蝇赢颖茔莺萦蓥撄嘤滢潆璎鹦瘿颏罂哟拥佣痈踊咏镛忧邮铀诱莸铕鱿舆鱼渔娱狱誉预驭伛俣谀谕蓣嵛饫阈妪纡觎欤钰鹆鹬龉鸳渊辕员圆缘橼鸢鼋跃钥悦阅钺郧匀陨运蕴酝晕韵郓芸恽愠纭韫殒氲杂灾载攒暂瓒趱錾赃脏驵凿枣责择则赜啧帻箦贼谮赠综缯轧铡闸栅诈斋债毡盏斩辗崭栈战绽谵张涨帐账胀赵诏钊蛰辙锗这谪辄鹧贞针侦诊镇阵浈缜桢轸赈祯鸩挣睁狰争帧症郑证诤峥钲铮筝织职执纸挚掷帜质滞骘栉栀轵轾贽鸷蛳絷踬踯觯钟终肿众锺诌轴皱昼骤纣绉猪诛烛瞩嘱贮铸驻伫槠铢专砖转赚啭馔颞桩庄装妆状锥赘坠缀骓缒谆着浊诼镯资渍谘缁辎赀眦锱龇鲻踪总纵偬诹驺鲰诅组镞钻缵躜鳟翱并卜沉丑淀迭斗范皋硅柜后伙秸诀夸里凌么霉捻凄扦尸抬涂洼喂污锨咸蝎彝涌游吁御愿岳灶扎札筑于志注凋讠谫郄勐凼坂垄垴埯垫苘荬荮莜莼菰藁揸吒吣咔咝咴噘噼谑幞岙嵴彷侥犸狍馇馓馕愣憷懔丬溆滟溷滥潴澹纟绔绱珉枧桊桉槔橥轱轷赍肷胨飚煳煅熘愍淼砜滚眍钚钷铘铞锃锍锎锏锘锝锪锫锿镅镎镢镥镩镲稆鹋鹛鹱疬疴痖癯裥襁耢颥螨麴鲅鲆鲇鲞鲴鲺鲼鳊鳋鳘鳙鞒鞴齄'; function simplified(string){ var str= '', j; for(var i = 0; i < string.length; i++){ if((j = ftPYStr.indexOf(string.charAt(i))) != -1) str += charPYStr.charAt(j); else str += string.charAt(i); } return str; } function regexpEscape(string) { return string.replace(/[-\/\\^$*+?.()|[\]{}]/g, '\\$&'); } function cleanUpText(wikitext) { return wikitext .replace( /<!--(\s|\S)*?-->/g, replaceByBlanks ) .replace( /<nowiki>(\s|\S)*?<\/nowiki>/g, replaceByBlanks ); } function zh_wiktionary_find_category_allMatches(regexp, wikitext, data_key, data) { var copiedtext = cleanUpText(wikitext); var result = []; var curr_match = null; while ((curr_match = regexp.exec(copiedtext)) !== null) { var obj = { match: curr_match }; obj[data_key] = data; result.push(obj); } result.re = regexp; return result.length ? result : null; } function zh_wiktionary_codeToCanonicalName(callback) { $.get({ "url": mw.util.wikiScript('index'), "data": { "action": "raw", "title": "Module:languages/code to canonical name.json" }, "cache": true }).then(function(r) { var parsedData; try { parsedData = JSON.parse(r); callback({ ok: true, data: parsedData }); } catch (e) { console.error(e); callback({ ok: false }); } }); } function zh_wiktionary_populate_langdata(data) { data.langnames = []; data.name_to_code = {}; for (var key in data.code_to_name) { if (data.code_to_name.hasOwnProperty(key)) { var value = data.code_to_name[key]; data.langnames.push(value); data.name_to_code[value] = key; } } var escaped = data.langnames.map(regexpEscape); // sort from longest to shortest to ensure greedy alternation escaped.sort(function (a, b) { return b.length - a.length; }); data.catlangnameRegexp = "^(" + escaped.join("|") + "[語言族])(.+)"; } var ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGUAGE_DATA_STORAGE_KEY = "HotCat-zh-wiktionary-language-data"; function zh_wiktionary_cache_langdata(callback) { if (!window.sessionStorage) { callback(); return; } if (window.sessionStorage.hasOwnProperty(ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGUAGE_DATA_STORAGE_KEY)) { try { var timeNow = new Date().getTime(); var data = JSON.parse(window.sessionStorage.getItem(ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGUAGE_DATA_STORAGE_KEY)); if (timeNow < data.expiry) { ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA = data.data; ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA_READY = true; ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA.catlangnameRegexpCompiled = null; callback(); return; } } catch (e) { } } zh_wiktionary_codeToCanonicalName(function (r) { if (r.ok) { ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA = {}; ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA.code_to_name = r.data; zh_wiktionary_populate_langdata(ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA); } ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA_READY = true; if (window.sessionStorage) window.sessionStorage.setItem(ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGUAGE_DATA_STORAGE_KEY, JSON.stringify({ expiry: new Date().getTime() + 30 * 60 * 1000, // expire in 30 minutes data: ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA })); callback(); }); } var ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA = null; var ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA_READY = false; var ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA_LOCK = false; var ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA_QUEUE = []; function zh_wiktionary_get_langdata(callback) { if (ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA_READY) { callback(); } else { if (!ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA_LOCK) { ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA_LOCK = true; zh_wiktionary_cache_langdata(function() { callback(); ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA_QUEUE.forEach(function(fn) { fn(); }); }); return; } ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA_QUEUE.push(callback); } } function ZH_WIKTIONARY_TOPICS_START(lang, bar_required) { return "\\{\\{\\s*(?:" + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TOPICS.join("|") + ")\\s*\\|\\s*" + lang + "\\s*\\|" + (bar_required ? "" : "?"); } function ZH_WIKTIONARY_CATLANGNAME_START(lang, bar_required) { return "\\{\\{\\s*(?:" + ZH_WIKTIONARY_CATLANGNAME.join("|") + ")\\s*\\|\\s*" + lang + "\\s*\\|" + (bar_required ? "" : "?"); } function ZH_WIKTIONARY_CATEGORIZE_START(lang, bar_required) { return "\\{\\{\\s*(?:" + ZH_WIKTIONARY_CATEGORIZE.join("|") + ")\\s*\\|\\s*" + (lang == true ? "(" : "") + "[a-z0-9-]+" + (lang == true ? ")" : "") + "\\s*\\|" + (bar_required ? "" : "?"); } var ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS = "[^}]*"; var ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_START_OF_PARAMETER = "?(?<=\\|)"; var ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_OF_PARAMETER = "(?=\\s*[\|\}])"; var ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END = "\\}\\}"; var ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_WITH_WHITESPACE = "\\s*\\}\\}\n?"; function zh_wiktionary_category_name_detect(category) { if (ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA) { var data = ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA; var topicsMatch = category.match(/^(.*[語言]) (.+)$/); if (topicsMatch) { return { type: "topics", lang: data.name_to_code[topicsMatch[1]], topic: topicsMatch[2] }; } var de_index = category.lastIndexOf("的"); var start_index = de_index + 1; for (let len = start_index + 1; len <= category.length; len++) { const prefix = category.slice(start_index, len); if (data.name_to_code.hasOwnProperty(prefix)) { return { type: "catlangname", lang: data.name_to_code[prefix], topic: category.slice(0, start_index) + category.slice(len) }; } } } return null; } function zh_wiktionary_find_category(wikitext, category, once) { if (!ZH_WIKTIONARY_CONTENT_NAMESPACE) return null; var catname = zh_wiktionary_category_name_detect(category); var data, matched; if (catname) { if (catname.type == "topics") { var topicTemplateRegex = new RegExp( ZH_WIKTIONARY_TOPICS_START(catname.lang, true) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_START_OF_PARAMETER + regexpEscape(catname.topic) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_OF_PARAMETER + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END, "g"); data = { lang: catname.lang, name: catname.topic }; if (once) { matched = topicTemplateRegex.exec(wikitext); if (matched) { matched.enWiktTopics = data; } return matched; } return zh_wiktionary_find_category_allMatches(topicTemplateRegex, wikitext, "enWiktTopics", data); } else if (catname.type == "catlangname") { var clnTemplateRegex = new RegExp( ZH_WIKTIONARY_CATLANGNAME_START(catname.lang, true) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_START_OF_PARAMETER + regexpEscape(catname.topic) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_OF_PARAMETER + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END, "g"); data = { lang: catname.lang, name: catname.topic }; if (once) { matched = clnTemplateRegex.exec(wikitext); if (matched) { matched.enWiktCatlangname = data; } return matched; } return zh_wiktionary_find_category_allMatches(clnTemplateRegex, wikitext, "enWiktCatlangname", data); } } var catTemplateRegex = new RegExp(ZH_WIKTIONARY_CATEGORIZE_START(true, true) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_START_OF_PARAMETER + regexpEscape(category) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_OF_PARAMETER + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END, "g"); var catTemplateMatches = wikitext.match(catTemplateRegex); if (catTemplateMatches) { data = { lang: catTemplateMatches[1], name: category }; if (once) { if (catTemplateMatches) { catTemplateMatches.enWiktCategorize = data; } return catTemplateMatches; } catTemplateRegex.lastIndex = 0; return zh_wiktionary_find_category_allMatches(catTemplateRegex, wikitext, "enWiktCategorize", data); } return null; } function zh_wiktionary_is_special_match(match) { return !!(match.enWiktTopics || match.enWiktCatlangname || match.enWiktCategorize); } function zh_wiktionary_three_to_two_split(wikitext, match) { var before, after, data, removeTopic; if (match.enWiktTopics) { // {{topics}}? data = match.enWiktTopics; before = wikitext.substring(0, match.match.index); after = wikitext.substring(match.match.index); var topicTemplateRegex = new RegExp( ZH_WIKTIONARY_TOPICS_START(data.lang, true) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_START_OF_PARAMETER + regexpEscape(data.name) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_OF_PARAMETER + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END + "\\s*?\n?"); removeTopic = function(inner) { // remove parameter from {{topics}} var remaining = inner.replace(new RegExp("\\|" + regexpEscape(data.name) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_OF_PARAMETER), ""); // if it is now empty, remove it remaining = remaining.replace(new RegExp( ZH_WIKTIONARY_TOPICS_START(data.lang, false) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_WITH_WHITESPACE), ""); return remaining; }; return [before, after.replace(topicTemplateRegex, removeTopic)]; } else if (match.enWiktCatlangname) { // {{cln}}? data = match.enWiktCatlangname; before = wikitext.substring(0, match.match.index); after = wikitext.substring(match.match.index); var clnTemplateRegex = new RegExp( ZH_WIKTIONARY_CATLANGNAME_START(data.lang, true) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_START_OF_PARAMETER + regexpEscape(data.name) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_OF_PARAMETER + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END + "\\s*?\n?"); removeTopic = function(inner) { // remove parameter from {{cln}} var remaining = inner.replace(new RegExp("\\|" + regexpEscape(data.name) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_OF_PARAMETER), ""); // if it is now empty, remove it remaining = remaining.replace(new RegExp( ZH_WIKTIONARY_CATLANGNAME_START(data.lang, false) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_WITH_WHITESPACE), ""); return remaining; }; return [before, after.replace(clnTemplateRegex, removeTopic)]; } else if (match.enWiktCategorize) { // {{cat}}? data = match.enWiktCategorize; before = wikitext.substring(0, match.match.index); after = wikitext.substring(match.match.index); var catTemplateRegex = new RegExp( ZH_WIKTIONARY_CATEGORIZE_START(data.lang, true) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_START_OF_PARAMETER + regexpEscape(data.name) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_OF_PARAMETER + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END + "\\s*?\n?"); removeTopic = function(inner) { // remove parameter from {{cln}} var remaining = inner.replace(new RegExp("\\|" + regexpEscape(data.name) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_OF_PARAMETER), ""); // if it is now empty, remove it remaining = remaining.replace(new RegExp( ZH_WIKTIONARY_CATEGORIZE_START(data.lang, false) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END_WITH_WHITESPACE), ""); return remaining; }; return [before, after.replace(catTemplateRegex, removeTopic)]; } before = wikitext.substring(0, match.match.index); after = wikitext.substring(match.match.index + match.match[0].length); return [before, after]; } function zh_wiktionary_remove_category(wikitext, match) { var before_after = zh_wiktionary_three_to_two_split(wikitext, match); return before_after[0] + before_after[1]; } function zh_wiktionary_find_insertionpoint(wikitext, category) { var catname = zh_wiktionary_category_name_detect(category); if (catname) { if (catname.lang) { var langname = catname.langname || (ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA ? ZH_WIKTIONARY_LANGDATA.code_to_name[catname.lang] : null); if (langname) { // try to put category under the language L2 var l2_heading_this = "^==\\s*" + regexpEscape(langname) + "\\s*==$"; var l2_heading_this_simp = "^==\\s*" + simplified(regexpEscape(langname)) + "\\s*==$"; var end_of_l2 = "\\n*(?:^----$)?\\n*^==(?!=)\\s*.*\\s*==$"; var clean_wikitext = cleanUpText(wikitext); var finalRegexp = "(" + l2_heading_this + "[\\s\\S]+?)" + end_of_l2; var finalRegexpSimp = "(" + l2_heading_this_simp + "[\\s\\S]+?)" + end_of_l2; var match = new RegExp(finalRegexp, "m").exec(clean_wikitext) || new RegExp(finalRegexpSimp, "m").exec(clean_wikitext); if (match) { var rawPoint = match.index + match[1].length; var noPreLine = false; if (wikitext.substring(rawPoint - 2, rawPoint) == "]]") { return { idx: rawPoint, onCat: true }; } var cookedPoint = rawPoint; if (wikitext.substring(cookedPoint - 3, cookedPoint) == "}}\n") { // if the preceding line has a topics/cln template, add noPreLine var i = cookedPoint - 2; while (i >= 0 && wikitext[i] !== '\n') { i--; } i += 2; var previousLine = wikitext.substring(i, cookedPoint - 1); if (previousLine.match(new RegExp("^\\{\\{(?:" + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TOPICS.join("|") + "|" + ZH_WIKTIONARY_CATLANGNAME.join("|") + ")\\|"))) { noPreLine = true; } } // hotfix: fix newline placement if (!noPreLine && wikitext.charAt(cookedPoint - 1) != "\n" && wikitext.substring(cookedPoint, cookedPoint + 2) == "\n\n") { ++cookedPoint; } return { idx: cookedPoint, onCat: false, noPreLine: noPreLine }; } else { var l2match = new RegExp(l2_heading_this, "m").exec(clean_wikitext); if (l2match) { // assuming there are no more L2s... var l2_regex = new RegExp("^==(?!=)\\s*.*\\s*==$", "gm"); l2_regex.lastIndex = l2match.index + l2match[0].length; var l2nextmatch = l2_regex.exec(clean_wikitext); if (!l2nextmatch) { // no more L2s return { idx: -1, onCat: false }; } } } } } } return null; // fallback } function zh_wiktionary_add_category_hook(wikitext, category, cat_point) { var catname = zh_wiktionary_category_name_detect(category); if (catname) { var match, splitPoint; if (catname.type == "topics") { // try to find the first language template that matches and // add the category there var topicTemplateRegex = new RegExp("(?:^|(?<=\\n))(" + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TOPICS_START(catname.lang, true) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ")" + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END); match = topicTemplateRegex.exec(cleanUpText(wikitext)); if (match) { splitPoint = match.index + match[1].length; return wikitext.substring(0, splitPoint) + "|" + catname.topic + wikitext.substring(splitPoint); } } if (catname.type == "catlangname") { // try to find the first language template that matches and // add the category there var clnTemplateRegex = new RegExp("(?:^|(?<=\\n))(" + ZH_WIKTIONARY_CATLANGNAME_START(catname.lang, true) + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_ANY_PARAMETERS + ")" + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TEMPLATE_END); match = clnTemplateRegex.exec(cleanUpText(wikitext)); if (match) { splitPoint = match.index + match[1].length; return wikitext.substring(0, splitPoint) + "|" + catname.topic + wikitext.substring(splitPoint); } } } return null; // fallback } function zh_wiktionary_add_category_string(category, onCat) { var catname = zh_wiktionary_category_name_detect(category); if (catname) { if (catname.type == "topics" && ZH_WIKTIONARY_PREFER_TOPICS_FOR_NEW_ADDITIONS && !onCat) { return "{{" + ZH_WIKTIONARY_TOPICS[0] + "|" + catname.lang + "|" + catname.topic + "}}"; } if (catname.type == "catlangname" && ZH_WIKTIONARY_PREFER_CATLANGNAME_FOR_NEW_ADDITIONS && !onCat) { return "{{" + ZH_WIKTIONARY_CATLANGNAME[0] + "|" + catname.lang + "|" + catname.topic + "}}"; } } return null; // fallback } // END OF en.wiktionary EXTRA CODE // Don't use mw.config.get() as that takes a copy of the config, and so doesn't // account for values changing, e.g. wgCurRevisionId after a VE edit var conf = mw.config.values, // when running on mobile domain - do not use wgServer. wgServer = window.location.host.indexOf('.m.') > -1 ? '//' + window.location.host : mw.config.get( 'wgServer' ); // Guard against double inclusions (in old IE/Opera element ids become window properties) if ( ( window.HotCat && !window.HotCat.nodeName ) || conf.wgAction === 'edit' ) // Not on edit mode return; // Configuration stuff. var HC = window.HotCat = { // Localize these messages to the main language of your wiki. messages: { cat_removed: 'removed [[Category:$1]]', template_removed: 'removed {{[[Category:$1]]}}', cat_added: 'added [[Category:$1]]', cat_keychange: 'new key for [[Category:$1]]: "$2"', // $2 is the new key cat_notFound: 'Category "$1" not found', cat_exists: 'Category "$1" already exists; not added.', cat_resolved: ' (redirect [[Category:$1]] resolved)', uncat_removed: 'removed {{uncategorized}}', separator: '; ', // Some text to prefix to the edit summary. prefix: '', // Some text to append to the edit summary. Named 'using' for historical reasons. If you prefer // to have a marker at the front, use prefix and set this to the empty string. using: ' using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]', // $1 is replaced by a number. If your language has several plural forms (c.f. [[:en:Dual (grammatical form)]]), // you can set this to an array of strings suitable for passing to mw.language.configPlural(). // If that function doesn't exist, HotCat will simply fall back to using the last // entry in the array. multi_change: '$1 categories', // Button text. Localize to wgContentLanguage here; localize to wgUserLanguage in a subpage, // see localization hook below. commit: 'Save', // Button text. Localize to wgContentLanguage here; localize to wgUserLanguage in a subpage, // see localization hook below. ok: 'OK', // Button text. Localize to wgContentLanguage here; localize to wgUserLanguage in a subpage, // see localization hook below. cancel: 'Cancel', // Localize to wgContentLanguage here; localize to wgUserLanguage in a subpage, // see localization hook below. multi_error: 'Could not retrieve the page text from the server. Therefore, your category changes ' + 'cannot be saved. We apologize for the inconvenience.', // Defaults to '[[' + category_canonical + ':$1]]'. Can be overridden if in the short edit summaries // not the standard category name should be used but, say, a shorter namespace alias. $1 is replaced // by a category name. short_catchange: null }, // Plural of category_canonical. categories: 'Categories', // Any category in this category is deemed a disambiguation category; i.e., a category that should not contain // any items, but that contains links to other categories where stuff should be categorized. If you don't have // that concept on your wiki, set it to null. Use blanks, not underscores. disambig_category: 'Disambiguation', // Any category in this category is deemed a (soft) redirect to some other category defined by a link // to another non-blacklisted category. If your wiki doesn't have soft category redirects, set this to null. // If a soft-redirected category contains more than one link to another non-blacklisted category, it's considered // a disambiguation category instead. redir_category: 'Category redirects', // The little modification links displayed after category names. U+2212 is a minus sign; U+2193 and U+2191 are // downward and upward pointing arrows. Do not use ↓ and ↑ in the code! links: { change: '(±)', remove: '(\u2212)', add: '(+)', restore: '(×)', undo: '(×)', down: '(\u2193)', up: '(\u2191)' }, changeTag: conf.wgUserName ? 'HotCat' : '', // if tag is missing, edit is rejected // The tooltips for the above links tooltips: { change: 'Modify', remove: 'Remove', add: 'Add a new category', restore: 'Undo changes', undo: 'Undo changes', down: 'Open for modifying and display subcategories', up: 'Open for modifying and display parent categories' }, // The HTML content of the "enter multi-mode" link at the front. addmulti: '<span>+⁺</span>', // Tooltip for the "enter multi-mode" link multi_tooltip: 'Modify several categories', // Return true to disable HotCat. disable: function () { var ns = conf.wgNamespaceNumber; var nsIds = conf.wgNamespaceIds; return ( ns < 0 || // Special pages; Special:Upload is handled differently ns === 10 || // Templates ns === 828 || // Module (Lua) ns === 8 || // MediaWiki ns === 6 && !conf.wgArticleId || // Non-existing file pages ns === 2 && /\.(js|css)$/.test( conf.wgTitle ) || // User scripts nsIds && ( ns === nsIds.creator || ns === nsIds.timedtext || ns === nsIds.institution ) ); }, // A regexp matching a templates used to mark uncategorized pages, if your wiki does have that. // If not, set it to null. uncat_regexp: /\{\{\s*[Uu]ncategorized\s*[^}]*\}\}\s*(<!--.*?-->\s*)?/g, // The images used for the little indication icon. Should not need changing. existsYes: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/P_yes.svg/20px-P_yes.svg.png', existsNo: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/P_no.svg/20px-P_no.svg.png', // a list of categories which can be removed by removing a template // key: the category without namespace // value: A regexp matching the template name, again without namespace // If you don't have this at your wiki, or don't want this, set it to an empty object {}. template_categories: {}, // Names for the search engines engine_names: { searchindex: 'Search index', pagelist: 'Page list', combined: 'Combined search', subcat: 'Subcategories', parentcat: 'Parent categories' }, // Override the decision of whether HotCat should help users by automatically // capitalising the title in the user input text if the wiki has case-sensitive page names. // Basically, this will make an API query to check the MediaWiki configuration and HotCat then sets // this to true for most wikis, and to false on Wiktionary. // // You can set this directly if there is a problem with it. For example, Georgian Wikipedia (kawiki), // is known to have different capitalisation logic between MediaWiki PHP and JavaScript. As such, automatic // case changes in JavaScript by HotCat would be wrong. capitalizePageNames: null, // If upload_disabled is true, HotCat will not be used on the Upload form. upload_disabled: false, // Single regular expression matching blacklisted categories that cannot be changed or // added using HotCat. For instance /\bstubs?$/ (any category ending with the word "stub" // or "stubs"), or /(\bstubs?$)|\bmaintenance\b/ (stub categories and any category with the // word "maintenance" in its title. blacklist: null, // Stuff changeable by users: // Background for changed categories in multi-edit mode. Default is a very light salmon pink. bg_changed: '#FCA', // If true, HotCat will never automatically submit changes. HotCat will only open an edit page with // the changes; users must always save explicitly. no_autocommit: false, // If true, the "category deletion" link "(-)" will never save automatically but always show an // edit page where the user has to save the edit manually. Is false by default because that's the // traditional behavior. This setting overrides no_autocommit for "(-)" links. del_needs_diff: false, // Time, in milliseconds, that HotCat waits after a keystroke before making a request to the // server to get suggestions. suggest_delay: 100, // Default width, in characters, of the text input field. editbox_width: 40, // One of the engine_names above, to be used as the default suggestion engine. suggestions: 'combined', // If true, always use the default engine, and never display a selector. fixed_search: false, // If false, do not display the "up" and "down" links use_up_down: true, // Default list size listSize: 10, // If true, single category changes are marked as minor edits. If false, they're not. single_minor: true, // If true, never add a page to the user's watchlist. If false, pages get added to the watchlist if // the user has the "Add pages I edit to my watchlist" or the "Add pages I create to my watchlist" // options in his or her preferences set. dont_add_to_watchlist: false, shortcuts: null, addShortcuts: function ( map ) { if ( !map ) return; window.HotCat.shortcuts = window.HotCat.shortcuts || {}; for ( var k in map ) { if ( !map.hasOwnProperty( k ) || typeof k !== 'string' ) continue; var v = map[ k ]; if ( typeof v !== 'string' ) continue; k = k.replace( /^\s+|\s+$/g, '' ); v = v.replace( /^\s+|\s+$/g, '' ); if ( !k.length || !v.length ) continue; window.HotCat.shortcuts[ k ] = v; } } }; // More backwards compatibility. We have a few places where we test for the browser: once for // Safari < 3.0, and twice for WebKit (Chrome or Safari, any versions) var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); var is_webkit = /applewebkit\/\d+/.test( ua ) && ua.indexOf( 'spoofer' ) < 0; var cat_prefix = null; var noSuggestions = false; function LoadTrigger( needed ) { // Define methods in a closure so that self reference is available, // also allows method calls to be detached. var self = this; self.queue = []; self.needed = needed; self.register = function ( callback ) { if ( self.needed <= 0 ) callback(); // Execute directly else self.queue.push( callback ); }; self.loaded = function () { self.needed--; if ( self.needed === 0 ) { // Run queued callbacks once for ( var i = 0; i < self.queue.length; i++ ) self.queue[ i ](); self.queue = []; } }; } // Used to delay running the HotCat setup until /local_defaults and localizations have been loaded. var loadTrigger = new LoadTrigger( 2 ); function load( uri, callback ) { var s = document.createElement( 'script' ); s.src = uri; var called = false; s.onload = s.onerror = function () { if ( !called && callback ) { called = true; callback(); } if ( s.parentNode ) { s.parentNode.removeChild( s ); } }; document.head.appendChild( s ); } function loadJS( page, callback ) { load( wgServer + conf.wgScript + '?title=' + encodeURIComponent( page ) + '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript', callback ); } function loadURI( href, callback ) { var url = href; if ( url.substring( 0, 2 ) === '//' ) url = window.location.protocol + url; else if ( url.substring( 0, 1 ) === '/' ) url = wgServer + url; load( url, callback ); } // Load local configurations, overriding the pre-set default values in the HotCat object above. This is always loaded // from the wiki where this script is executing, even if this script itself is hotlinked from Commons. This can // be used to change the default settings, or to provide localized interface texts for edit summaries and so on. loadJS( 'MediaWiki:Gadget-HotCat.js/local_defaults', loadTrigger.loaded ); // Load localized UI texts. These are the texts that HotCat displays on the page itself. Texts shown in edit summaries // should be localized in /local_defaults above. if ( conf.wgUserLanguage !== 'en' ) { // Lupo: somebody thought it would be a good idea to add this. So the default is true, and you have to set it to false // explicitly if you're not on Commons and don't want that. if ( window.hotcat_translations_from_commons === undefined ) window.hotcat_translations_from_commons = true; // Localization hook to localize HotCat messages, tooltips, and engine names for wgUserLanguage. if ( window.hotcat_translations_from_commons && wgServer.indexOf( '//commons' ) < 0 ) { loadURI( '//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=' + 'MediaWiki:Gadget-HotCat.js/' + conf.wgUserLanguage + '&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript', loadTrigger.loaded ); } else { // Load translations locally loadJS( 'MediaWiki:Gadget-HotCat.js/' + conf.wgUserLanguage, loadTrigger.loaded ); } } else { loadTrigger.loaded(); } // No further changes should be necessary here. // The following regular expression strings are used when searching for categories in wikitext. var wikiTextBlank = '[\\t _\\xA0\\u1680\\u180E\\u2000-\\u200A\\u2028\\u2029\\u202F\\u205F\\u3000]+'; var wikiTextBlankRE = new RegExp( wikiTextBlank, 'g' ); // Regexp for handling blanks inside a category title or namespace name. // See http://svn.wikimedia.org/viewvc/mediawiki/trunk/phase3/includes/Title.php?revision=104051&view=markup#l2722 // See also http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/category/Zs/list.htm // MediaWiki collapses several contiguous blanks inside a page title to one single blank. It also replace a // number of special whitespace characters by simple blanks. And finally, blanks are treated as underscores. // Therefore, when looking for page titles in wikitext, we must handle all these cases. // Note: we _do_ include the horizontal tab in the above list, even though the MediaWiki software for some reason // appears to not handle it. The zero-width space \u200B is _not_ handled as a space inside titles by MW. var wikiTextBlankOrBidi = '[\\t _\\xA0\\u1680\\u180E\\u2000-\\u200B\\u200E\\u200F\\u2028-\\u202F\\u205F\\u3000]*'; // Whitespace regexp for handling whitespace between link components. Including the horizontal tab, but not \n\r\f\v: // a link must be on one single line. // MediaWiki also removes Unicode bidi override characters in page titles (and namespace names) completely. // This is *not* handled, as it would require us to allow any of [\u200E\u200F\u202A-\u202E] between any two // characters inside a category link. It _could_ be done though... We _do_ handle strange spaces, including the // zero-width space \u200B, and bidi overrides between the components of a category link (adjacent to the colon, // or adjacent to and inside of "[[" and "]]"). // First auto-localize the regexps for the category and the template namespaces. var formattedNamespaces = conf.wgFormattedNamespaces; var namespaceIds = conf.wgNamespaceIds; function autoLocalize( namespaceNumber, fallback ) { function createRegexpStr( name ) { if ( !name || !name.length ) return ''; var regex_name = ''; for ( var i = 0; i < name.length; i++ ) { var initial = name.charAt( i ), ll = initial.toLowerCase(), ul = initial.toUpperCase(); if ( ll === ul ) regex_name += initial; else regex_name += '[' + ll + ul + ']'; } return regex_name .replace( /([\\^$.?*+()])/g, '\\$1' ) .replace( wikiTextBlankRE, wikiTextBlank ); } fallback = fallback.toLowerCase(); var canonical = formattedNamespaces[ String( namespaceNumber ) ].toLowerCase(); var regexp = createRegexpStr( canonical ); if ( fallback && canonical !== fallback ) regexp += '|' + createRegexpStr( fallback ); if ( namespaceIds ) { for ( var cat_name in namespaceIds ) { if ( typeof cat_name === 'string' && cat_name.toLowerCase() !== canonical && cat_name.toLowerCase() !== fallback && namespaceIds[ cat_name ] === namespaceNumber ) { regexp += '|' + createRegexpStr( cat_name ); } } } return regexp; } HC.category_canonical = formattedNamespaces[ '14' ]; HC.category_regexp = autoLocalize( 14, 'category' ); if ( formattedNamespaces[ '10' ] ) HC.template_regexp = autoLocalize( 10, 'template' ); // Utility functions. Yes, this duplicates some functionality that also exists in other places, but // to keep this whole stuff in a single file not depending on any other on-wiki JavaScripts, we re-do // these few operations here. function make( arg, literal ) { if ( !arg ) return null; return literal ? document.createTextNode( arg ) : document.createElement( arg ); } function param( name, uri ) { uri = uri || document.location.href; var re = new RegExp( '[&?]' + name + '=([^&#]*)' ); var m = re.exec( uri ); if ( m && m.length > 1 ) return decodeURIComponent( m[ 1 ] ); return null; } function title( href ) { if ( !href ) return null; var script = conf.wgScript + '?'; if ( href.indexOf( script ) === 0 || href.indexOf( wgServer + script ) === 0 || wgServer.substring( 0, 2 ) === '//' && href.indexOf( document.location.protocol + wgServer + script ) === 0 ) { // href="/w/index.php?title=..." return param( 'title', href ); } else { // href="/wiki/..." var prefix = conf.wgArticlePath.replace( '$1', '' ); if ( href.indexOf( prefix ) ) prefix = wgServer + prefix; // Fully expanded URL? if ( href.indexOf( prefix ) && prefix.substring( 0, 2 ) === '//' ) prefix = document.location.protocol + prefix; // Protocol-relative wgServer? if ( href.indexOf( prefix ) === 0 ) return decodeURIComponent( href.substring( prefix.length ) ); } return null; } function hasClass( elem, name ) { return ( ' ' + elem.className + ' ' ).indexOf( ' ' + name + ' ' ) >= 0; } function capitalize( str ) { if ( !str || !str.length ) return str; return str.substr( 0, 1 ).toUpperCase() + str.substr( 1 ); } function wikiPagePath( pageName ) { // Note: do not simply use encodeURI, it doesn't encode '&', which might break if wgArticlePath actually has the $1 in // a query parameter. return conf.wgArticlePath.replace( '$1', encodeURIComponent( pageName ).replace( /%3A/g, ':' ).replace( /%2F/g, '/' ) ); } function escapeRE( str ) { return str.replace( /([\\^$.?*+()[\]])/g, '\\$1' ); } function substituteFactory( options ) { options = options || {}; var lead = options.indicator || '$'; var indicator = escapeRE( lead ); var lbrace = escapeRE( options.lbrace || '{' ); var rbrace = escapeRE( options.rbrace || '}' ); var re; re = new RegExp( // $$ '(?:' + indicator + '(' + indicator + '))|' + // $0, $1 '(?:' + indicator + '(\\d+))|' + // ${key} '(?:' + indicator + '(?:' + lbrace + '([^' + lbrace + rbrace + ']+)' + rbrace + '))|' + // $key (only if first char after $ is not $, digit, or { ) '(?:' + indicator + '(?!(?:[' + indicator + lbrace + ']|\\d))(\\S+?)\\b)', 'g' ); // Replace $1, $2, or ${key1}, ${key2}, or $key1, $key2 by values from map. $$ is replaced by a single $. return function ( str, map ) { if ( !map ) return str; return str.replace( re, function ( match, prefix, idx, key, alpha ) { if ( prefix === lead ) return lead; var k = alpha || key || idx; var replacement = typeof map[ k ] === 'function' ? map[ k ]( match, k ) : map[ k ]; return typeof replacement === 'string' ? replacement : ( replacement || match ); } ); }; } var substitute = substituteFactory(); var replaceShortcuts = ( function () { var replaceHash = substituteFactory( { indicator: '#', lbrace: '[', rbrace: ']' } ); return function ( str, map ) { var s = replaceHash( str, map ); return HC.capitalizePageNames ? capitalize( s ) : s; }; }() ); // Text modification var findCatsRE = new RegExp( '\\[\\[' + wikiTextBlankOrBidi + '(?:' + HC.category_regexp + ')' + wikiTextBlankOrBidi + ':[^\\]]+\\]\\]', 'g' ); function replaceByBlanks( match ) { return match.replace( /(\s|\S)/g, ' ' ); // /./ doesn't match linebreaks. /(\s|\S)/ does. } function find_category( wikitext, category, once ) { var cat_regex = null; var result_hook = zh_wiktionary_find_category(wikitext, category, once); if (result_hook) { return result_hook; } if ( HC.template_categories[ category ] ) { cat_regex = new RegExp( '\\{\\{' + wikiTextBlankOrBidi + '(' + HC.template_regexp + '(?=' + wikiTextBlankOrBidi + ':))?' + wikiTextBlankOrBidi + '(?:' + HC.template_categories[ category ] + ')' + wikiTextBlankOrBidi + '(\\|.*?)?\\}\\}', 'g' ); } else { var cat_name = escapeRE( category ); var initial = cat_name.substr( 0, 1 ); cat_regex = new RegExp( '\\[\\[' + wikiTextBlankOrBidi + '(' + HC.category_regexp + ')' + wikiTextBlankOrBidi + ':' + wikiTextBlankOrBidi + ( initial === '\\' || !HC.capitalizePageNames ? initial : '[' + initial.toUpperCase() + initial.toLowerCase() + ']' ) + cat_name.substring( 1 ).replace( wikiTextBlankRE, wikiTextBlank ) + wikiTextBlankOrBidi + '(\\|.*?)?\\]\\]', 'g' ); } if ( once ) return cat_regex.exec( wikitext ); var copiedtext = wikitext .replace( /<!--(\s|\S)*?-->/g, replaceByBlanks ) .replace( /<nowiki>(\s|\S)*?<\/nowiki>/g, replaceByBlanks ); var result = []; var curr_match = null; while ( ( curr_match = cat_regex.exec( copiedtext ) ) !== null ) { result.push( { match: curr_match } ); } result.re = cat_regex; return result; // An array containing all matches, with positions, in result[ i ].match } var interlanguageRE = null; function change_category( wikitext, toRemove, toAdd, key, is_hidden ) { function find_insertionpoint( wikitext, category ) { var copiedtext = wikitext .replace( /<!--(\s|\S)*?-->/g, replaceByBlanks ) .replace( /<nowiki>(\s|\S)*?<\/nowiki>/g, replaceByBlanks ); // Search in copiedtext to avoid that we insert inside an HTML comment or a nowiki "element". var result = zh_wiktionary_find_insertionpoint( wikitext, category ); if (result) { return result; } var index = -1; findCatsRE.lastIndex = 0; while ( findCatsRE.exec( copiedtext ) !== null ) index = findCatsRE.lastIndex; if ( index < 0 ) { // Find the index of the first interlanguage link... var match = null; if ( !interlanguageRE ) { // Approximation without API: interlanguage links start with 2 to 3 lower case letters, optionally followed by // a sequence of groups consisting of a dash followed by one or more lower case letters. Exceptions are "simple" // and "tokipona". match = /((^|\n\r?)(\[\[\s*(([a-z]{2,3}(-[a-z]+)*)|simple|tokipona)\s*:[^\]]+\]\]\s*))+$/.exec( copiedtext ); } else { match = interlanguageRE.exec( copiedtext ); } if ( match ) index = match.index; return { idx: index, onCat: false }; } return { idx: index, onCat: index >= 0 }; } var summary = [], nameSpace = HC.category_canonical, cat_point = -1, // Position of removed category; keyChange = ( toRemove && toAdd && toRemove === toAdd && toAdd.length ), matches, noOnCatOverride = false; if ( key ) key = '|' + key; // Remove if ( toRemove && toRemove.length ) { matches = find_category( wikitext, toRemove ); if ( !matches || !matches.length ) { return { text: wikitext, summary: summary, error: HC.messages.cat_notFound.replace( /\$1/g, toRemove ) }; } else { var after = wikitext; for (var i = matches.length - 1; i > 0; i--) { after = zh_wiktionary_remove_category(after, matches[i]); } var before_after = zh_wiktionary_three_to_two_split(after, matches[0]); noOnCatOverride = zh_wiktionary_is_special_match(matches[0]); var before = before_after[0]; after = before_after[1]; if ( toAdd ) { // nameSpace = matches[ 0 ].match[ 1 ] || nameSpace; Canonical namespace should be always preferred if ( key === null ) key = matches[ 0 ].match[ 2 ]; // Remember the category key, if any. } // Remove whitespace (properly): strip whitespace, but only up to the next line feed. // If we then have two linefeeds in a row, remove one. Otherwise, if we have two non- // whitespace characters, insert a blank. var i = before.length - 1; while ( i >= 0 && before.charAt( i ) !== '\n' && before.substr( i, 1 ).search( /\s/ ) >= 0 ) i--; var j = 0; while ( j < after.length && after.charAt( j ) !== '\n' && after.substr( j, 1 ).search( /\s/ ) >= 0 ) j++; if ( i >= 0 && before.charAt( i ) === '\n' && ( !after.length || j < after.length && after.charAt( j ) === '\n' ) ) i--; if ( i >= 0 ) before = before.substring( 0, i + 1 ); else before = ''; if ( j < after.length ) after = after.substring( j ); else after = ''; if ( before.length && before.substring( before.length - 1 ).search( /\S/ ) >= 0 && after.length && after.substr( 0, 1 ).search( /\S/ ) >= 0 ) { before += ' '; } cat_point = before.length; if ( cat_point === 0 && after.length && after.substr( 0, 1 ) === '\n' ) after = after.substr( 1 ); wikitext = before + after; if ( !keyChange ) { if ( HC.template_categories[ toRemove ] ) { summary.push( HC.messages.template_removed.replace( /\$1/g, toRemove ) ); } else { summary.push( HC.messages.cat_removed.replace( /\$1/g, toRemove ) ); } } } } // Add if ( toAdd && toAdd.length ) { matches = find_category( wikitext, toAdd ); if ( matches && matches.length ) { // Already exists return { text: wikitext, summary: summary, error: HC.messages.cat_exists.replace( /\$1/g, toAdd ) }; } else { var hooked = zh_wiktionary_add_category_hook( wikitext, toAdd, cat_point ); if (hooked) { wikitext = hooked; summary.push( HC.messages.cat_added.replace( /\$1/g, toAdd ) ); } else { var onCat = false; var noPreLine = false; if ( cat_point < 0 ) { var point = find_insertionpoint ( wikitext, toAdd ); cat_point = point.idx; onCat = point.onCat; noPreLine = point.noPreLine; } else { onCat = true; } var newcatstring = zh_wiktionary_add_category_string(toAdd, onCat && !noOnCatOverride) || ('[[' + nameSpace + ':' + toAdd + ( key || '' ) + ']]'); if ( cat_point >= 0 ) { var suffix = wikitext.substring( cat_point ); wikitext = wikitext.substring( 0, cat_point ) + ( cat_point > 0 && !noPreLine ? '\n' : '' ) + newcatstring + ( !onCat ? '\n' : '' ); if ( suffix.length && suffix.substr( 0, 1 ) !== '\n' ) wikitext += '\n' + suffix; else wikitext += suffix; } else { if ( wikitext.length && wikitext.substr( wikitext.length - 1, 1 ) !== '\n' ) wikitext += '\n'; wikitext += ( wikitext.length ? '\n' : '' ) + newcatstring; } if ( keyChange ) { var k = key || ''; if ( k.length ) k = k.substr( 1 ); summary.push( substitute( HC.messages.cat_keychange, [ null, toAdd, k ] ) ); } else { summary.push( HC.messages.cat_added.replace( /\$1/g, toAdd ) ); } if ( HC.uncat_regexp && !is_hidden ) { var txt = wikitext.replace( HC.uncat_regexp, '' ); // Remove "uncat" templates if ( txt.length !== wikitext.length ) { wikitext = txt; summary.push( HC.messages.uncat_removed ); } } } } } return { text: wikitext, summary: summary, error: null }; } // The real HotCat UI function evtKeys( e ) { /* eslint-disable no-bitwise */ var code = 0; if ( e.ctrlKey ) { // All modern browsers // Ctrl-click seems to be overloaded in FF/Mac (it opens a pop-up menu), so treat cmd-click // as a ctrl-click, too. if ( e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey ) code |= 1; if ( e.shiftKey ) code |= 2; } return code; } function evtKill( e ) { if ( e.preventDefault ) { e.preventDefault(); e.stopPropagation(); } else { e.cancelBubble = true; } return false; } var catLine = null, onUpload = false, editors = [], commitButton = null, commitForm = null, multiSpan = null, pageText = null, pageTime = null, pageWatched = false, watchCreate = false, watchEdit = false, minorEdits = false, editToken = null, is_rtl = false, serverTime = null, lastRevId = null, pageTextRevId = null, conflictingUser = null, newDOM = false; // true if MediaWiki serves the new UL-LI DOM for categories function CategoryEditor() { this.initialize.apply( this, arguments ); } function setPage( json ) { var startTime = null; if ( json && json.query ) { if ( json.query.pages ) { var page = json.query.pages[ !conf.wgArticleId ? '-1' : String( conf.wgArticleId ) ]; if ( page ) { if ( page.revisions && page.revisions.length ) { // Revisions are sorted by revision ID, hence [ 0 ] is the one we asked for, and possibly there's a [ 1 ] if we're // not on the latest revision (edit conflicts and such). pageText = page.revisions[ 0 ][ '*' ]; if ( page.revisions[ 0 ].timestamp ) pageTime = page.revisions[ 0 ].timestamp.replace( /\D/g, '' ); if ( page.revisions[ 0 ].revid ) pageTextRevId = page.revisions[ 0 ].revid; if ( page.revisions.length > 1 ) conflictingUser = page.revisions[ 1 ].user; } if ( page.lastrevid ) lastRevId = page.lastrevid; if ( page.starttimestamp ) startTime = page.starttimestamp.replace( /\D/g, '' ); pageWatched = typeof page.watched === 'string'; if ( json.query.tokens ) editToken = json.query.tokens.csrftoken; if ( page.langlinks && ( !json[ 'query-continue' ] || !json[ 'query-continue' ].langlinks ) ) { // We have interlanguage links, and we got them all. var re = ''; for ( var i = 0; i < page.langlinks.length; i++ ) re += ( i > 0 ? '|' : '' ) + page.langlinks[ i ].lang.replace( /([\\^$.?*+()])/g, '\\$1' ); if ( re.length ) interlanguageRE = new RegExp( '((^|\\n\\r?)(\\[\\[\\s*(' + re + ')\\s*:[^\\]]+\\]\\]\\s*))+$' ); } } } // Siteinfo if ( json.query.general ) { if ( json.query.general.time && !startTime ) startTime = json.query.general.time.replace( /\D/g, '' ); if ( HC.capitalizePageNames === null ) { // ResourceLoader's JSParser doesn't like .case, so override eslint. // eslint-disable-next-line dot-notation HC.capitalizePageNames = ( json.query.general[ 'case' ] === 'first-letter' ); } } serverTime = startTime; // Userinfo if ( json.query.userinfo && json.query.userinfo.options ) { watchCreate = !HC.dont_add_to_watchlist && json.query.userinfo.options.watchcreations === '1'; watchEdit = !HC.dont_add_to_watchlist && json.query.userinfo.options.watchdefault === '1'; minorEdits = json.query.userinfo.options.minordefault === 1; // If the user has the "All edits are minor" preference enabled, we should honor that // for single category changes, no matter what the site configuration is. if ( minorEdits ) HC.single_minor = true; } } } var saveInProgress = false; function initiateEdit( doEdit, failure ) { if ( saveInProgress ) return; saveInProgress = true; var oldButtonState; if ( commitButton ) { oldButtonState = commitButton.disabled; commitButton.disabled = true; } function fail() { saveInProgress = false; if ( commitButton ) commitButton.disabled = oldButtonState; failure.apply( this, arguments ); } // Must use Ajax here to get the user options and the edit token. $.getJSON( wgServer + conf.wgScriptPath + '/api.php?' + 'format=json&action=query&rawcontinue=&titles=' + encodeURIComponent( conf.wgPageName ) + '&prop=info%7Crevisions%7Clanglinks&inprop=watched&rvprop=content%7Ctimestamp%7Cids%7Cuser&lllimit=500' + '&rvlimit=2&rvdir=newer&rvstartid=' + conf.wgCurRevisionId + '&meta=siteinfo%7Cuserinfo%7Ctokens&type=csrf&uiprop=options', function ( json ) { setPage( json ); doEdit( fail ); } ).fail( function ( req ) { fail( req.status + ' ' + req.statusText ); } ); } function multiChangeMsg( count ) { var msg = HC.messages.multi_change; if ( typeof msg !== 'string' && msg.length ) if ( mw.language && mw.language.convertPlural ) { msg = mw.language.convertPlural( count, msg ); } else { msg = msg[ msg.length - 1 ]; } return substitute( msg, [ null, String( count ) ] ); } function currentTimestamp() { var now = new Date(); var ts = String( now.getUTCFullYear() ); function two( s ) { return s.substr( s.length - 2 ); } ts += two( '0' + ( now.getUTCMonth() + 1 ) ) + two( '0' + now.getUTCDate() ) + two( '00' + now.getUTCHours() ) + two( '00' + now.getUTCMinutes() ) + two( '00' + now.getUTCSeconds() ); return ts; } function performChanges( failure, singleEditor ) { if ( pageText === null ) { failure( HC.messages.multi_error ); return; } // Backwards compatibility after message change (added $2 to cat_keychange) if ( HC.messages.cat_keychange.indexOf( '$2' ) < 0 ) HC.messages.cat_keychange += '"$2"'; // More backwards-compatibility with earlier HotCat versions: if ( !HC.messages.short_catchange ) HC.messages.short_catchange = '[[' + HC.category_canonical + ':$1]]'; // Create a form and submit it. We don't use the edit API (api.php?action=edit) because // (a) sensibly reporting back errors like edit conflicts is always a hassle, and // (b) we want to show a diff for multi-edits anyway, and // (c) we want to trigger onsubmit events, allowing user code to intercept the edit. // Using the form, we can do (b) and (c), and we get (a) for free. And, of course, using the form // automatically reloads the page with the updated categories on a successful submit, which // we would have to do explicitly if we used the edit API. var action; // Normally, we don't have to care about edit conflicts. If some other user edited the page in the meantime, the // server will take care of it and merge the edit automatically or present an edit conflict screen. However, the // server suppresses edit conflicts with oneself. Hence, if we have a conflict, and the conflicting user is the // current user, then we set the "oldid" value and switch to diff, which gives the "you are editing an old version; // if you save, any more recent changes will be lost" screen. var selfEditConflict = ( lastRevId !== null && lastRevId !== conf.wgCurRevisionId || pageTextRevId !== null && pageTextRevId !== conf.wgCurRevisionId ) && conflictingUser && conflictingUser === conf.wgUserName; if ( singleEditor && !singleEditor.noCommit && !HC.no_autocommit && editToken && !selfEditConflict ) { // If we do have an edit conflict, but not with ourself, that's no reason not to attempt to save: the server side may actually be able to // merge the changes. We just need to make sure that we do present a diff view if it's a self edit conflict. commitForm.wpEditToken.value = editToken; action = commitForm.wpDiff; if ( action ) action.name = action.value = 'wpSave'; } else { action = commitForm.wpSave; if ( action ) action.name = action.value = 'wpDiff'; } var result = { text: pageText }, changed = [], added = [], deleted = [], changes = 0, toEdit = singleEditor ? [ singleEditor ] : editors, error = null, edit, i; for ( i = 0; i < toEdit.length; i++ ) { edit = toEdit[ i ]; if ( edit.state === CategoryEditor.CHANGED ) { result = change_category( result.text, edit.originalCategory, edit.currentCategory, edit.currentKey, edit.currentHidden ); if ( !result.error ) { changes++; if ( !edit.originalCategory || !edit.originalCategory.length ) { added.push( edit.currentCategory ); } else { changed.push( { from: edit.originalCategory, to: edit.currentCategory } ); } } else if ( error === null ) { error = result.error; } } else if ( edit.state === CategoryEditor.DELETED && edit.originalCategory && edit.originalCategory.length ) { result = change_category( result.text, edit.originalCategory, null, null, false ); if ( !result.error ) { changes++; deleted.push( edit.originalCategory ); } else if ( error === null ) { error = result.error; } } } if ( error !== null ) { // Do not commit if there were errors action = commitForm.wpSave; if ( action ) action.name = action.value = 'wpDiff'; } // Fill in the form and submit it commitForm.wpMinoredit.checked = minorEdits; commitForm.wpWatchthis.checked = !conf.wgArticleId && watchCreate || watchEdit || pageWatched; if ( conf.wgArticleId || !!singleEditor ) { // Prepare change-tag save if ( action && action.value === 'wpSave' ) { if ( HC.changeTag ) { commitForm.wpChangeTags.value = HC.changeTag; HC.messages.using = ''; HC.messages.prefix = ''; } } else { commitForm.wpAutoSummary.value = HC.changeTag; } if ( changes === 1 ) { if ( result.summary && result.summary.length ) commitForm.wpSummary.value = HC.messages.prefix + result.summary.join( HC.messages.separator ) + HC.messages.using; commitForm.wpMinoredit.checked = HC.single_minor || minorEdits; } else if ( changes ) { var summary = []; var shortSummary = []; // Deleted for ( i = 0; i < deleted.length; i++ ) summary.push( '−' + substitute( HC.messages.short_catchange, [ null, deleted[ i ] ] ) ); if ( deleted.length === 1 ) shortSummary.push( '−' + substitute( HC.messages.short_catchange, [ null, deleted[ 0 ] ] ) ); else if ( deleted.length ) shortSummary.push( '− ' + multiChangeMsg( deleted.length ) ); // Added for ( i = 0; i < added.length; i++ ) summary.push( '+' + substitute( HC.messages.short_catchange, [ null, added[ i ] ] ) ); if ( added.length === 1 ) shortSummary.push( '+' + substitute( HC.messages.short_catchange, [ null, added[ 0 ] ] ) ); else if ( added.length ) shortSummary.push( '+ ' + multiChangeMsg( added.length ) ); // Changed var arrow = is_rtl ? '\u2190' : '\u2192'; // left and right arrows. Don't use ← and → in the code. for ( i = 0; i < changed.length; i++ ) { if ( changed[ i ].from !== changed[ i ].to ) { summary.push( '±' + substitute( HC.messages.short_catchange, [ null, changed[ i ].from ] ) + arrow + substitute( HC.messages.short_catchange, [ null, changed[ i ].to ] ) ); } else { summary.push( '±' + substitute( HC.messages.short_catchange, [ null, changed[ i ].from ] ) ); } } if ( changed.length === 1 ) { if ( changed[ 0 ].from !== changed[ 0 ].to ) { shortSummary.push( '±' + substitute( HC.messages.short_catchange, [ null, changed[ 0 ].from ] ) + arrow + substitute( HC.messages.short_catchange, [ null, changed[ 0 ].to ] ) ); } else { shortSummary.push( '±' + substitute( HC.messages.short_catchange, [ null, changed[ 0 ].from ] ) ); } } else if ( changed.length ) { shortSummary.push( '± ' + multiChangeMsg( changed.length ) ); } if ( summary.length ) { summary = summary.join( HC.messages.separator ); if ( summary.length > 200 - HC.messages.prefix.length - HC.messages.using.length ) summary = shortSummary.join( HC.messages.separator ); commitForm.wpSummary.value = HC.messages.prefix + summary + HC.messages.using; } } } commitForm.wpTextbox1.value = result.text; commitForm.wpStarttime.value = serverTime || currentTimestamp(); commitForm.wpEdittime.value = pageTime || commitForm.wpStarttime.value; if ( selfEditConflict ) commitForm.oldid.value = String( pageTextRevId || conf.wgCurRevisionId ); // Submit the form in a way that triggers onsubmit events: commitForm.submit() doesn't. commitForm.hcCommit.click(); } function resolveOne( page, toResolve ) { var cats = page.categories, lks = page.links, is_dab = false, is_redir = typeof page.redirect === 'string', // Hard redirect? is_hidden = page.categoryinfo && typeof page.categoryinfo.hidden === 'string', is_missing = typeof page.missing === 'string', i; for ( i = 0; i < toResolve.length; i++ ) { if ( i && toResolve[ i ].dabInputCleaned !== page.title.substring( page.title.indexOf( ':' ) + 1 ) ) continue; // Note: the server returns in page an NFC normalized Unicode title. If our input was not NFC normalized, we may not find // any entry here. If we have only one editor to resolve (the most common case, I presume), we may simply skip the check. toResolve[ i ].currentHidden = is_hidden; toResolve[ i ].inputExists = !is_missing; toResolve[ i ].icon.src = ( is_missing ? HC.existsNo : HC.existsYes ); } if ( is_missing ) return; if ( !is_redir && cats && ( HC.disambig_category || HC.redir_category ) ) { for ( var c = 0; c < cats.length; c++ ) { var cat = cats[ c ].title; // Strip namespace prefix if ( cat ) { cat = cat.substring( cat.indexOf( ':' ) + 1 ).replace( /_/g, ' ' ); if ( cat === HC.disambig_category ) { is_dab = true; break; } else if ( cat === HC.redir_category ) { is_redir = true; break; } } } } if ( !is_redir && !is_dab ) return; if ( !lks || !lks.length ) return; var titles = []; for ( i = 0; i < lks.length; i++ ) { if ( // Category namespace -- always true since we ask only for the category links lks[ i ].ns === 14 && // Name not empty lks[ i ].title && lks[ i ].title.length ) { // Internal link to existing thingy. Extract the page name and remove the namespace. var match = lks[ i ].title; match = match.substring( match.indexOf( ':' ) + 1 ); // Exclude blacklisted categories. if ( !HC.blacklist || !HC.blacklist.test( match ) ) titles.push( match ); } } if ( !titles.length ) return; for ( i = 0; i < toResolve.length; i++ ) { if ( i && toResolve[ i ].dabInputCleaned !== page.title.substring( page.title.indexOf( ':' ) + 1 ) ) continue; toResolve[ i ].inputExists = true; // Might actually be wrong if it's a redirect pointing to a non-existing category toResolve[ i ].icon.src = HC.existsYes; if ( titles.length > 1 ) { toResolve[ i ].dab = titles; } else { toResolve[ i ].text.value = titles[ 0 ] + ( toResolve[ i ].currentKey !== null ? '|' + toResolve[ i ].currentKey : '' ); } } } function resolveRedirects( toResolve, params ) { if ( !params || !params.query || !params.query.pages ) return; for ( var p in params.query.pages ) resolveOne( params.query.pages[ p ], toResolve ); } function resolveMulti( toResolve, callback ) { var i; for ( i = 0; i < toResolve.length; i++ ) { toResolve[ i ].dab = null; toResolve[ i ].dabInput = toResolve[ i ].lastInput; } if ( noSuggestions ) { callback( toResolve ); return; } // Use %7C instead of |, otherwise Konqueror insists on re-encoding the arguments, resulting in doubly encoded // category names. (That is a bug in Konqueror. Other browsers don't have this problem.) var args = 'action=query&prop=info%7Clinks%7Ccategories%7Ccategoryinfo&plnamespace=14' + '&pllimit=' + ( toResolve.length * 10 ) + '&cllimit=' + ( toResolve.length * 10 ) + '&format=json&titles='; for ( i = 0; i < toResolve.length; i++ ) { var v = toResolve[ i ].dabInput; v = replaceShortcuts( v, HC.shortcuts ); toResolve[ i ].dabInputCleaned = v; args += encodeURIComponent( 'Category:' + v ); if ( i + 1 < toResolve.length ) args += '%7C'; } $.getJSON( wgServer + conf.wgScriptPath + '/api.php?' + args, function ( json ) { resolveRedirects( toResolve, json ); callback( toResolve ); } ).fail( function ( req ) { if ( !req ) noSuggestions = true; callback( toResolve ); } ); } function makeActive( which ) { if ( which.is_active ) return; for ( var i = 0; i < editors.length; i++ ) if ( editors[ i ] !== which ) editors[ i ].inactivate(); which.is_active = true; if ( which.dab ) { // eslint-disable-next-line no-use-before-define showDab( which ); } else { // Check for programmatic value changes. var expectedInput = which.lastRealInput || which.lastInput || ''; var actualValue = which.text.value || ''; if ( !expectedInput.length && actualValue.length || expectedInput.length && actualValue.indexOf( expectedInput ) ) { // Somehow the field's value appears to have changed, and which.lastSelection therefore is no longer valid. Try to set the // cursor at the end of the category, and do not display the old suggestion list. which.showsList = false; var v = actualValue.split( '|' ); which.lastRealInput = which.lastInput = v[ 0 ]; if ( v.length > 1 ) which.currentKey = v[ 1 ]; if ( which.lastSelection ) { which.lastSelection = { start: v[ 0 ].length, end: v[ 0 ].length }; } } if ( which.showsList ) which.displayList(); if ( which.lastSelection ) { if ( is_webkit ) { // WebKit (Safari, Chrome) has problems selecting inside focus() // See http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=32865#c6 window.setTimeout( function () { which.setSelection( which.lastSelection.start, which.lastSelection.end ); }, 1 ); } else { which.setSelection( which.lastSelection.start, which.lastSelection.end ); } } } } function showDab( which ) { if ( !which.is_active ) { makeActive( which ); } else { which.showSuggestions( which.dab, false, null, null ); // do autocompletion, no key, no engine selector which.dab = null; } } function multiSubmit() { var toResolve = []; for ( var i = 0; i < editors.length; i++ ) if ( editors[ i ].state === CategoryEditor.CHANGE_PENDING || editors[ i ].state === CategoryEditor.OPEN ) toResolve.push( editors[ i ] ); if ( !toResolve.length ) { initiateEdit( function ( failure ) { performChanges( failure ); }, function ( msg ) { alert( msg ); } ); return; } resolveMulti( toResolve, function ( resolved ) { var firstDab = null; var dontChange = false; for ( var i = 0; i < resolved.length; i++ ) { if ( resolved[ i ].lastInput !== resolved[ i ].dabInput ) { // We didn't disable all the open editors, but we did asynchronous calls. It is // theoretically possible that the user changed something... dontChange = true; } else { if ( resolved[ i ].dab ) { if ( !firstDab ) firstDab = resolved[ i ]; } else { if ( resolved[ i ].acceptCheck( true ) ) resolved[ i ].commit(); } } } if ( firstDab ) { showDab( firstDab ); } else if ( !dontChange ) { initiateEdit( function ( failure ) { performChanges( failure ); }, function ( msg ) { alert( msg ); } ); } } ); } function setMultiInput() { if ( commitButton || onUpload ) return; commitButton = make( 'input' ); commitButton.type = 'button'; commitButton.value = HC.messages.commit; commitButton.onclick = multiSubmit; if ( multiSpan ) multiSpan.parentNode.replaceChild( commitButton, multiSpan ); else catLine.appendChild( commitButton ); } function checkMultiInput() { if ( !commitButton ) return; var hasChanges = false; for ( var i = 0; i < editors.length; i++ ) { if ( editors[ i ].state !== CategoryEditor.UNCHANGED ) { hasChanges = true; break; } } commitButton.disabled = !hasChanges; } var suggestionEngines = { opensearch: { uri: '/api.php?format=json&action=opensearch&namespace=14&limit=30&search=Category:$1', // $1 = search term // Function to convert result of uri into an array of category names handler: function ( queryResult, queryKey ) { if ( queryResult && queryResult.length >= 2 ) { var key = queryResult[ 0 ].substring( queryResult[ 0 ].indexOf( ':' ) + 1 ); var titles = queryResult[ 1 ]; var exists = false; if ( !cat_prefix ) cat_prefix = new RegExp( '^(' + HC.category_regexp + '):' ); for ( var i = 0; i < titles.length; i++ ) { cat_prefix.lastIndex = 0; var m = cat_prefix.exec( titles[ i ] ); if ( m && m.length > 1 ) { titles[ i ] = titles[ i ].substring( titles[ i ].indexOf( ':' ) + 1 ); // rm namespace if ( key === titles[ i ] ) exists = true; } else { titles.splice( i, 1 ); // Nope, it's not a category after all. i--; } } titles.exists = exists; if ( queryKey !== key ) titles.normalized = key; // Remember the NFC normalized key we got back from the server return titles; } return null; } }, internalsearch: { uri: '/api.php?format=json&action=query&list=allpages&apnamespace=14&aplimit=30&apfrom=$1&apprefix=$1', handler: function ( queryResult ) { if ( queryResult && queryResult.query && queryResult.query.allpages ) { var titles = queryResult.query.allpages; for ( var i = 0; i < titles.length; i++ ) titles[ i ] = titles[ i ].title.substring( titles[ i ].title.indexOf( ':' ) + 1 ); // rm namespace return titles; } return null; } }, exists: { uri: '/api.php?format=json&action=query&prop=info&titles=Category:$1', handler: function ( queryResult, queryKey ) { if ( queryResult && queryResult.query && queryResult.query.pages && !queryResult.query.pages[ -1 ] ) { // Should have exactly 1 for ( var p in queryResult.query.pages ) { var title = queryResult.query.pages[ p ].title; title = title.substring( title.indexOf( ':' ) + 1 ); var titles = [ title ]; titles.exists = true; if ( queryKey !== title ) titles.normalized = title; // NFC return titles; } } return null; } }, subcategories: { uri: '/api.php?format=json&action=query&list=categorymembers&cmtype=subcat&cmlimit=max&cmtitle=Category:$1', handler: function ( queryResult ) { if ( queryResult && queryResult.query && queryResult.query.categorymembers ) { var titles = queryResult.query.categorymembers; for ( var i = 0; i < titles.length; i++ ) titles[ i ] = titles[ i ].title.substring( titles[ i ].title.indexOf( ':' ) + 1 ); // rm namespace return titles; } return null; } }, parentcategories: { uri: '/api.php?format=json&action=query&prop=categories&titles=Category:$1&cllimit=max', handler: function ( queryResult ) { if ( queryResult && queryResult.query && queryResult.query.pages ) { for ( var p in queryResult.query.pages ) { if ( queryResult.query.pages[ p ].categories ) { var titles = queryResult.query.pages[ p ].categories; for ( var i = 0; i < titles.length; i++ ) titles[ i ] = titles[ i ].title.substring( titles[ i ].title.indexOf( ':' ) + 1 ); // rm namespace return titles; } } } return null; } } }; var suggestionConfigs = { searchindex: { name: 'Search index', engines: [ 'opensearch' ], cache: {}, show: true, temp: false, noCompletion: false }, pagelist: { name: 'Page list', engines: [ 'internalsearch', 'exists' ], cache: {}, show: true, temp: false, noCompletion: false }, combined: { name: 'Combined search', engines: [ 'opensearch', 'internalsearch' ], cache: {}, show: true, temp: false, noCompletion: false }, subcat: { name: 'Subcategories', engines: [ 'subcategories' ], cache: {}, show: true, temp: true, noCompletion: true }, parentcat: { name: 'Parent categories', engines: [ 'parentcategories' ], cache: {}, show: true, temp: true, noCompletion: true } }; CategoryEditor.UNCHANGED = 0; CategoryEditor.OPEN = 1; // Open, but no input yet CategoryEditor.CHANGE_PENDING = 2; // Open, some input made CategoryEditor.CHANGED = 3; CategoryEditor.DELETED = 4; // Support: IE6 // IE6 sometimes forgets to redraw the list when editors are opened or closed. // Adding/removing a dummy element helps, at least when opening editors. var dummyElement = make( '\xa0', true ); function forceRedraw() { if ( dummyElement.parentNode ) document.body.removeChild( dummyElement ); else document.body.appendChild( dummyElement ); } // Event keyCodes that we handle in the text input field/suggestion list. var BS = 8, TAB = 9, RET = 13, ESC = 27, SPACE = 32, PGUP = 33, PGDOWN = 34, UP = 38, DOWN = 40, DEL = 46, IME = 229; CategoryEditor.prototype = { initialize: function ( line, span, after, key, is_hidden ) { // If a span is given, 'after' is the category title, otherwise it may be an element after which to // insert the new span. 'key' is likewise overloaded; if a span is given, it is the category key (if // known), otherwise it is a boolean indicating whether a bar shall be prepended. if ( !span ) { this.isAddCategory = true; // Create add span and append to catLinks this.originalCategory = ''; this.originalKey = null; this.originalExists = false; if ( !newDOM ) { span = make( 'span' ); span.className = 'noprint'; if ( key ) { span.appendChild( make( ' | ', true ) ); if ( after ) { after.parentNode.insertBefore( span, after.nextSibling ); after = after.nextSibling; } else if (line) { line.appendChild( span ); } } else if ( line && line.firstChild ) { span.appendChild( make( ' ', true ) ); line.appendChild( span ); } } this.linkSpan = make( 'span' ); this.linkSpan.className = 'noprint nopopups hotcatlink'; var lk = make( 'a' ); lk.href = '#catlinks'; lk.onclick = this.open.bind( this ); lk.appendChild( make( HC.links.add, true ) ); lk.title = HC.tooltips.add; this.linkSpan.appendChild( lk ); span = make( newDOM ? 'li' : 'span' ); span.className = 'noprint'; if ( is_rtl ) span.dir = 'rtl'; span.appendChild( this.linkSpan ); if ( after ) { after.parentNode.insertBefore( span, after.nextSibling ); } else if ( line ) { line.appendChild( span ); } this.normalLinks = null; this.undelLink = null; this.catLink = null; } else { if ( is_rtl ) span.dir = 'rtl'; this.isAddCategory = false; this.catLink = span.firstChild; this.originalCategory = after; this.originalKey = ( key && key.length > 1 ) ? key.substr( 1 ) : null; // > 1 because it includes the leading bar this.originalExists = !hasClass( this.catLink, 'new' ); // Create change and del links this.makeLinkSpan(); if ( !this.originalExists && this.upDownLinks ) this.upDownLinks.style.display = 'none'; span.appendChild( this.linkSpan ); } this.originalHidden = is_hidden; this.line = line; this.engine = HC.suggestions; this.span = span; this.currentCategory = this.originalCategory; this.currentExists = this.originalExists; this.currentHidden = this.originalHidden; this.currentKey = this.originalKey; this.state = CategoryEditor.UNCHANGED; this.lastSavedState = CategoryEditor.UNCHANGED; this.lastSavedCategory = this.originalCategory; this.lastSavedKey = this.originalKey; this.lastSavedExists = this.originalExists; this.lastSavedHidden = this.originalHidden; if ( this.catLink && this.currentKey ) this.catLink.title = this.currentKey; editors[ editors.length ] = this; }, makeLinkSpan: function () { this.normalLinks = make( 'span' ); var lk = null; if ( this.originalCategory && this.originalCategory.length ) { lk = make( 'a' ); lk.href = '#catlinks'; lk.onclick = this.remove.bind( this ); lk.appendChild( make( HC.links.remove, true ) ); lk.title = HC.tooltips.remove; this.normalLinks.appendChild( make( ' ', true ) ); this.normalLinks.appendChild( lk ); } if ( !HC.template_categories[ this.originalCategory ] ) { lk = make( 'a' ); lk.href = '#catlinks'; lk.onclick = this.open.bind( this ); lk.appendChild( make( HC.links.change, true ) ); lk.title = HC.tooltips.change; this.normalLinks.appendChild( make( ' ', true ) ); this.normalLinks.appendChild( lk ); if ( !noSuggestions && HC.use_up_down ) { this.upDownLinks = make( 'span' ); lk = make( 'a' ); lk.href = '#catlinks'; lk.onclick = this.down.bind( this ); lk.appendChild( make( HC.links.down, true ) ); lk.title = HC.tooltips.down; this.upDownLinks.appendChild( make( ' ', true ) ); this.upDownLinks.appendChild( lk ); lk = make( 'a' ); lk.href = '#catlinks'; lk.onclick = this.up.bind( this ); lk.appendChild( make( HC.links.up, true ) ); lk.title = HC.tooltips.up; this.upDownLinks.appendChild( make( ' ', true ) ); this.upDownLinks.appendChild( lk ); this.normalLinks.appendChild( this.upDownLinks ); } } this.linkSpan = make( 'span' ); this.linkSpan.className = 'noprint nopopups hotcatlink'; this.linkSpan.appendChild( this.normalLinks ); this.undelLink = make( 'span' ); this.undelLink.className = 'nopopups hotcatlink'; this.undelLink.style.display = 'none'; lk = make( 'a' ); lk.href = '#catlinks'; lk.onclick = this.restore.bind( this ); lk.appendChild( make( HC.links.restore, true ) ); lk.title = HC.tooltips.restore; this.undelLink.appendChild( make( ' ', true ) ); this.undelLink.appendChild( lk ); this.linkSpan.appendChild( this.undelLink ); }, invokeSuggestions: function ( dont_autocomplete ) { if ( this.engine && suggestionConfigs[ this.engine ] && suggestionConfigs[ this.engine ].temp && !dont_autocomplete ) this.engine = HC.suggestions; // Reset to a search upon input this.state = CategoryEditor.CHANGE_PENDING; var self = this; window.setTimeout( function () { self.textchange( dont_autocomplete ); }, HC.suggest_delay ); }, makeForm: function () { var form = make( 'form' ); form.method = 'POST'; form.onsubmit = this.accept.bind( this ); this.form = form; var self = this; var text = make( 'input' ); text.type = 'text'; text.size = HC.editbox_width; if ( !noSuggestions ) { // Be careful here to handle IME input. This is browser/OS/IME dependent, but basically there are two mechanisms: // - Modern (DOM Level 3) browsers use compositionstart/compositionend events to signal composition; if the // composition is not canceled, there'll be a textInput event following. During a composition key events are // either all suppressed (FF/Gecko), or otherwise have keyDown === IME for all keys (Webkit). // - Webkit sends a textInput followed by keyDown === IME and a keyUp with the key that ended composition. // - Gecko doesn't send textInput but just a keyUp with the key that ended composition, without sending keyDown // first. Gecko doesn't send any keydown while IME is active. // - Older browsers signal composition by keyDown === IME for the first and subsequent keys for a composition. The // first keyDown !== IME is certainly after the end of the composition. Typically, composition end can also be // detected by a keyDown IME with a keyUp of space, tab, escape, or return. text.onkeyup = function ( evt ) { var key = evt.keyCode || 0; if ( self.ime && self.lastKey === IME && !self.usesComposition && ( key === TAB || key === RET || key === ESC || key === SPACE ) ) self.ime = false; if ( self.ime ) return true; if ( key === UP || key === DOWN || key === PGUP || key === PGDOWN ) { // In case a browser doesn't generate keypress events for arrow keys... if ( self.keyCount === 0 ) return self.processKey( evt ); } else { if ( key === ESC && self.lastKey !== IME ) { if ( !self.resetKeySelection() ) { // No undo of key selection: treat ESC as "cancel". self.cancel(); return; } } // Also do this for ESC as a workaround for Firefox bug 524360 // https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=524360 self.invokeSuggestions( key === BS || key === DEL || key === ESC ); } return true; }; text.onkeydown = function ( evt ) { var key = evt.keyCode || 0; self.lastKey = key; self.keyCount = 0; // DOM Level < 3 IME input if ( !self.ime && key === IME && !self.usesComposition ) { // self.usesComposition catches browsers that may emit spurious keydown IME after a composition has ended self.ime = true; } else if ( self.ime && key !== IME && !( key >= 16 && key <= 20 || key >= 91 && key <= 93 || key === 144 ) ) { // Ignore control keys: ctrl, shift, alt, alt gr, caps lock, windows/apple cmd keys, num lock. Only the windows keys // terminate IME (apple cmd doesn't), but they also cause a blur, so it's OK to ignore them here. // Note: Safari 4 (530.17) propagates ESC out of an IME composition (observed at least on Win XP). self.ime = false; } if ( self.ime ) return true; // Handle return explicitly, to override the default form submission to be able to check for ctrl if ( key === RET ) return self.accept( evt ); // Inhibit default behavior of ESC (revert to last real input in FF: we do that ourselves) return ( key === ESC ) ? evtKill( evt ) : true; }; // And handle continued pressing of arrow keys text.onkeypress = function ( evt ) { self.keyCount++; return self.processKey( evt ); }; $( text ).on( 'focus', function () { makeActive( self ); } ); // On IE, blur events are asynchronous, and may thus arrive after the element has lost the focus. Since IE // can get the selection only while the element is active (has the focus), we may not always get the selection. // Therefore, use an IE-specific synchronous event on IE... // Don't test for text.selectionStart being defined; $( text ).on( ( text.onbeforedeactivate !== undefined && text.createTextRange ) ? 'beforedeactivate' : 'blur', this.saveView.bind( this ) ); // DOM Level 3 IME handling try { // Setting lastKey = IME provides a fake keyDown for Gecko's single keyUp after a cmposition. If we didn't do this, // cancelling a composition via ESC would also cancel and close the whole category input editor. $( text ).on( 'compositionstart', function () { self.lastKey = IME; self.usesComposition = true; self.ime = true; } ); $( text ).on( 'compositionend', function () { self.lastKey = IME; self.usesComposition = true; self.ime = false; } ); $( text ).on( 'textInput', function () { self.ime = false; self.invokeSuggestions( false ); } ); } catch ( any ) { // Just in case some browsers might produce exceptions with these DOM Level 3 events } $( text ).on( 'blur', function () { self.usesComposition = false; self.ime = false; } ); } this.text = text; this.icon = make( 'img' ); var list = null; if ( !noSuggestions ) { list = make( 'select' ); list.onclick = function () { if ( self.highlightSuggestion( 0 ) ) self.textchange( false, true ); }; list.ondblclick = function ( e ) { if ( self.highlightSuggestion( 0 ) ) self.accept( e ); }; list.onchange = function () { self.highlightSuggestion( 0 ); self.text.focus(); }; list.onkeyup = function ( evt ) { if ( evt.keyCode === ESC ) { self.resetKeySelection(); self.text.focus(); window.setTimeout( function () { self.textchange( true ); }, HC.suggest_delay ); } else if ( evt.keyCode === RET ) { self.accept( evt ); } }; if ( !HC.fixed_search ) { var engineSelector = make( 'select' ); for ( var key in suggestionConfigs ) { if ( suggestionConfigs[ key ].show ) { var opt = make( 'option' ); opt.value = key; if ( key === this.engine ) opt.selected = true; opt.appendChild( make( suggestionConfigs[ key ].name, true ) ); engineSelector.appendChild( opt ); } } engineSelector.onchange = function () { self.engine = self.engineSelector.options[ self.engineSelector.selectedIndex ].value; self.text.focus(); self.textchange( true, true ); // Don't autocomplete, force re-display of list }; this.engineSelector = engineSelector; } } this.list = list; function button_label( id, defaultText ) { var label = null; if ( onUpload && window.UFUI !== undefined && window.UIElements !== undefined && UFUI.getLabel instanceof Function ) { try { label = UFUI.getLabel( id, true ); // Extract the plain text. IE doesn't know that Node.TEXT_NODE === 3 while ( label && label.nodeType !== 3 ) label = label.firstChild; } catch ( ex ) { label = null; } } if ( !label || !label.data ) return defaultText; return label.data; } // Do not use type 'submit'; we cannot detect modifier keys if we do var OK = make( 'input' ); OK.type = 'button'; OK.value = button_label( 'wpOkUploadLbl', HC.messages.ok ); OK.onclick = this.accept.bind( this ); this.ok = OK; var cancel = make( 'input' ); cancel.type = 'button'; cancel.value = button_label( 'wpCancelUploadLbl', HC.messages.cancel ); cancel.onclick = this.cancel.bind( this ); this.cancelButton = cancel; var span = make( 'span' ); span.className = 'hotcatinput'; span.style.position = 'relative'; span.appendChild( text ); // Support: IE8, IE9 // Put some text into this span (a0 is nbsp) and make sure it always stays on the same // line as the input field, otherwise, IE8/9 miscalculates the height of the span and // then the engine selector may overlap the input field. span.appendChild( make( '\xa0', true ) ); span.style.whiteSpace = 'nowrap'; if ( list ) span.appendChild( list ); if ( this.engineSelector ) span.appendChild( this.engineSelector ); if ( !noSuggestions ) span.appendChild( this.icon ); span.appendChild( OK ); span.appendChild( cancel ); form.appendChild( span ); form.style.display = 'none'; this.span.appendChild( form ); }, display: function ( evt ) { if ( this.isAddCategory && !onUpload && this.line ) { // eslint-disable-next-line no-new new CategoryEditor( this.line, null, this.span, true ); // Create a new one } if ( !commitButton && !onUpload ) { for ( var i = 0; i < editors.length; i++ ) { if ( editors[ i ].state !== CategoryEditor.UNCHANGED ) { setMultiInput(); break; } } } if ( !this.form ) this.makeForm(); if ( this.list ) this.list.style.display = 'none'; if ( this.engineSelector ) this.engineSelector.style.display = 'none'; this.currentCategory = this.lastSavedCategory; this.currentExists = this.lastSavedExists; this.currentHidden = this.lastSavedHidden; this.currentKey = this.lastSavedKey; this.icon.src = ( this.currentExists ? HC.existsYes : HC.existsNo ); this.text.value = this.currentCategory + ( this.currentKey !== null ? '|' + this.currentKey : '' ); this.originalState = this.state; this.lastInput = this.currentCategory; this.inputExists = this.currentExists; this.state = this.state === CategoryEditor.UNCHANGED ? CategoryEditor.OPEN : CategoryEditor.CHANGE_PENDING; this.lastSelection = { start: this.currentCategory.length, end: this.currentCategory.length }; this.showsList = false; // Display the form if ( this.catLink ) this.catLink.style.display = 'none'; this.linkSpan.style.display = 'none'; this.form.style.display = 'inline'; this.ok.disabled = false; // Kill the event before focussing, otherwise IE will kill the onfocus event! var result = evtKill( evt ); this.text.focus(); this.text.readOnly = false; checkMultiInput(); return result; }, show: function ( evt, engine, readOnly ) { var result = this.display( evt ); var v = this.lastSavedCategory; if ( !v.length ) return result; this.text.readOnly = !!readOnly; this.engine = engine; this.textchange( false, true ); // do autocompletion, force display of suggestions forceRedraw(); return result; }, open: function ( evt ) { return this.show( evt, ( this.engine && suggestionConfigs[ this.engine ].temp ) ? HC.suggestions : this.engine ); }, down: function ( evt ) { return this.show( evt, 'subcat', true ); }, up: function ( evt ) { return this.show( evt, 'parentcat' ); }, cancel: function () { if ( this.isAddCategory && !onUpload ) { this.removeEditor(); // We added a new adder when opening return; } // Close, re-display link this.inactivate(); this.form.style.display = 'none'; if ( this.catLink ) this.catLink.style.display = ''; this.linkSpan.style.display = ''; this.state = this.originalState; this.currentCategory = this.lastSavedCategory; this.currentKey = this.lastSavedKey; this.currentExists = this.lastSavedExists; this.currentHidden = this.lastSavedHidden; if ( this.catLink ) if ( this.currentKey && this.currentKey.length ) { this.catLink.title = this.currentKey; } else { this.catLink.title = ''; } if ( this.state === CategoryEditor.UNCHANGED ) { if ( this.catLink ) this.catLink.style.backgroundColor = 'transparent'; } else { if ( !onUpload ) { try { this.catLink.style.backgroundColor = HC.bg_changed; } catch ( ex ) {} } } checkMultiInput(); forceRedraw(); }, removeEditor: function () { if ( !newDOM ) { var next = this.span.nextSibling; if ( next ) next.parentNode.removeChild( next ); } if (this.span && this.span.parentNode) { this.span.parentNode.removeChild( this.span ); } for ( var i = 0; i < editors.length; i++ ) { if ( editors[ i ] === this ) { editors.splice( i, 1 ); break; } } checkMultiInput(); }, rollback: function ( evt ) { this.undoLink.parentNode.removeChild( this.undoLink ); this.undoLink = null; this.currentCategory = this.originalCategory; this.currentKey = this.originalKey; this.currentExists = this.originalExists; this.currentHidden = this.originalHidden; this.lastSavedCategory = this.originalCategory; this.lastSavedKey = this.originalKey; this.lastSavedExists = this.originalExists; this.lastSavedHidden = this.originalHidden; this.state = CategoryEditor.UNCHANGED; if ( !this.currentCategory || !this.currentCategory.length ) { // It was a newly added category. Remove the whole editor. this.removeEditor(); } else { // Redisplay the link... this.catLink.removeChild( this.catLink.firstChild ); this.catLink.appendChild( make( this.currentCategory, true ) ); this.catLink.href = wikiPagePath( HC.category_canonical + ':' + this.currentCategory ); this.catLink.title = this.currentKey || ''; this.catLink.className = this.currentExists ? '' : 'new'; this.catLink.style.backgroundColor = 'transparent'; if ( this.upDownLinks ) this.upDownLinks.style.display = this.currentExists ? '' : 'none'; checkMultiInput(); } return evtKill( evt ); }, inactivate: function () { if ( this.list ) this.list.style.display = 'none'; if ( this.engineSelector ) this.engineSelector.style.display = 'none'; this.is_active = false; }, acceptCheck: function ( dontCheck ) { this.sanitizeInput(); var value = this.text.value.split( '|' ); var key = null; if ( value.length > 1 ) key = value[ 1 ]; var v = value[ 0 ].replace( /_/g, ' ' ).replace( /^\s+|\s+$/g, '' ); if ( HC.capitalizePageNames ) v = capitalize( v ); this.lastInput = v; v = replaceShortcuts( v, HC.shortcuts ); if ( !v.length ) { this.cancel(); return false; } if ( !dontCheck && ( conf.wgNamespaceNumber === 14 && v === conf.wgTitle || HC.blacklist && HC.blacklist.test( v ) ) ) { this.cancel(); return false; } this.currentCategory = v; this.currentKey = key; this.currentExists = this.inputExists; return true; }, accept: function ( evt ) { // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise this.noCommit = ( evtKeys( evt ) & 1 ) !== 0; var result = evtKill( evt ); if ( this.acceptCheck() ) { var toResolve = [ this ]; var original = this.currentCategory; resolveMulti( toResolve, function ( resolved ) { if ( resolved[ 0 ].dab ) { showDab( resolved[ 0 ] ); } else { if ( resolved[ 0 ].acceptCheck( true ) ) { resolved[ 0 ].commit( ( resolved[ 0 ].currentCategory !== original ) ? HC.messages.cat_resolved.replace( /\$1/g, original ) : null ); } } } ); } return result; }, close: function () { if ( !this.catLink ) { // Create a catLink this.catLink = make( 'a' ); this.catLink.appendChild( make( 'foo', true ) ); this.catLink.style.display = 'none'; this.span.insertBefore( this.catLink, this.span.firstChild.nextSibling ); } this.catLink.removeChild( this.catLink.firstChild ); this.catLink.appendChild( make( this.currentCategory, true ) ); this.catLink.href = wikiPagePath( HC.category_canonical + ':' + this.currentCategory ); this.catLink.className = this.currentExists ? '' : 'new'; this.lastSavedCategory = this.currentCategory; this.lastSavedKey = this.currentKey; this.lastSavedExists = this.currentExists; this.lastSavedHidden = this.currentHidden; // Close form and redisplay category this.inactivate(); this.form.style.display = 'none'; this.catLink.title = this.currentKey || ''; this.catLink.style.display = ''; if ( this.isAddCategory ) { if ( onUpload && this.line ) { // eslint-disable-next-line no-new new CategoryEditor( this.line, null, this.span, true ); // Create a new one } this.isAddCategory = false; this.linkSpan.parentNode.removeChild( this.linkSpan ); this.makeLinkSpan(); this.span.appendChild( this.linkSpan ); } if ( !this.undoLink ) { // Append an undo link. var span = make( 'span' ); var lk = make( 'a' ); lk.href = '#catlinks'; lk.onclick = this.rollback.bind( this ); lk.appendChild( make( HC.links.undo, true ) ); lk.title = HC.tooltips.undo; span.appendChild( make( ' ', true ) ); span.appendChild( lk ); this.normalLinks.appendChild( span ); this.undoLink = span; if ( !onUpload ) { try { this.catLink.style.backgroundColor = HC.bg_changed; } catch ( ex ) {} } } if ( this.upDownLinks ) this.upDownLinks.style.display = this.lastSavedExists ? '' : 'none'; this.linkSpan.style.display = ''; this.state = CategoryEditor.CHANGED; checkMultiInput(); forceRedraw(); }, commit: function () { // Check again to catch problem cases after redirect resolution if ( ( this.currentCategory === this.originalCategory && ( this.currentKey === this.originalKey || this.currentKey === null && !this.originalKey.length ) ) || conf.wgNamespaceNumber === 14 && this.currentCategory === conf.wgTitle || HC.blacklist && HC.blacklist.test( this.currentCategory ) ) { this.cancel(); return; } this.close(); if ( !commitButton && !onUpload ) { var self = this; initiateEdit( function ( failure ) { performChanges( failure, self ); }, function ( msg ) { alert( msg ); } ); } }, remove: function ( evt ) { // eslint-disable-next-line no-bitwise this.doRemove( evtKeys( evt ) & 1 ); return evtKill( evt ); }, doRemove: function ( noCommit ) { if ( this.isAddCategory ) { // Empty input on adding a new category this.cancel(); return; } if ( !commitButton && !onUpload ) { for ( var i = 0; i < editors.length; i++ ) { if ( editors[ i ].state !== CategoryEditor.UNCHANGED ) { setMultiInput(); break; } } } if ( commitButton ) { this.catLink.title = ''; this.catLink.style.cssText += '; text-decoration : line-through !important;'; try { this.catLink.style.backgroundColor = HC.bg_changed; } catch ( ex ) {} this.originalState = this.state; this.state = CategoryEditor.DELETED; this.normalLinks.style.display = 'none'; this.undelLink.style.display = ''; checkMultiInput(); } else { if ( onUpload ) { // Remove this editor completely this.removeEditor(); } else { this.originalState = this.state; this.state = CategoryEditor.DELETED; this.noCommit = noCommit || HC.del_needs_diff; var self = this; initiateEdit( function ( failure ) { performChanges( failure, self ); }, function ( msg ) { self.state = self.originalState; alert( msg ); } ); } } }, restore: function ( evt ) { // Can occur only if we do have a commit button and are not on the upload form this.catLink.title = this.currentKey || ''; this.catLink.style.textDecoration = ''; this.state = this.originalState; if ( this.state === CategoryEditor.UNCHANGED ) { this.catLink.style.backgroundColor = 'transparent'; } else { try { this.catLink.style.backgroundColor = HC.bg_changed; } catch ( ex ) {} } this.normalLinks.style.display = ''; this.undelLink.style.display = 'none'; checkMultiInput(); return evtKill( evt ); }, // Internal operations selectEngine: function ( engineName ) { if ( !this.engineSelector ) return; for ( var i = 0; i < this.engineSelector.options.length; i++ ) this.engineSelector.options[ i ].selected = this.engineSelector.options[ i ].value === engineName; }, sanitizeInput: function () { var v = this.text.value || ''; v = v.replace( /^(\s|_)+/, '' ); // Trim leading blanks and underscores var re = new RegExp( '^(' + HC.category_regexp + '):' ); if ( re.test( v ) ) v = v.substring( v.indexOf( ':' ) + 1 ).replace( /^(\s|_)+/, '' ); v = v.replace(/\u200E$/, ''); // Trim ending left-to-right mark if ( HC.capitalizePageNames ) v = capitalize( v ); // Update the input field if needed, manually restoring the cursor afterwards // (but not the whole selection, so that further typing does not overwrite anything) if ( this.text.value !== null && this.text.value !== v ) { var cursorPos = this.text.selectionStart; this.text.value = v; this.text.setSelectionRange( cursorPos, cursorPos ); } }, makeCall: function ( url, callbackObj, engine, queryKey, cleanKey ) { var cb = callbackObj, e = engine, v = queryKey, z = cleanKey, thisObj = this; function done() { cb.callsMade++; if ( cb.callsMade === cb.nofCalls ) { if ( cb.exists ) cb.allTitles.exists = true; if ( cb.normalized ) cb.allTitles.normalized = cb.normalized; if ( !cb.dontCache && !suggestionConfigs[ cb.engineName ].cache[ z ] ) suggestionConfigs[ cb.engineName ].cache[ z ] = cb.allTitles; thisObj.text.readOnly = false; if ( !cb.cancelled ) thisObj.showSuggestions( cb.allTitles, cb.noCompletion, v, cb.engineName ); if ( cb === thisObj.callbackObj ) thisObj.callbackObj = null; cb = undefined; } } $.getJSON( url, function ( json ) { var titles = e.handler( json, z ); if ( titles && titles.length ) { if ( cb.allTitles === null ) cb.allTitles = titles; else cb.allTitles = cb.allTitles.concat( titles ); if ( titles.exists ) cb.exists = true; if ( titles.normalized ) cb.normalized = titles.normalized; } done(); } ).fail( function ( req ) { if ( !req ) noSuggestions = true; cb.dontCache = true; done(); } ); }, callbackObj: null, textchange: function ( dont_autocomplete, force ) { // Hide all other lists makeActive( this ); // Get input value, omit sort key, if any this.sanitizeInput(); var v = this.text.value; // Disregard anything after a pipe. var pipe = v.indexOf( '|' ); if ( pipe >= 0 ) { this.currentKey = v.substring( pipe + 1 ); v = v.substring( 0, pipe ); } else { this.currentKey = null; } if ( this.lastInput === v && !force ) return; // No change if ( this.lastInput !== v ) checkMultiInput(); this.lastInput = v; this.lastRealInput = v; // Mark blacklisted inputs. this.ok.disabled = v.length && HC.blacklist && HC.blacklist.test( v ); if ( noSuggestions ) { // No Ajax: just make sure the list is hidden if ( this.list ) this.list.style.display = 'none'; if ( this.engineSelector ) this.engineSelector.style.display = 'none'; if ( this.icon ) this.icon.style.display = 'none'; return; } if ( !v.length ) { this.showSuggestions( [] ); return; } var cleanKey = v.replace( /[\u200E\u200F\u202A-\u202E]/g, '' ).replace( wikiTextBlankRE, ' ' ); cleanKey = replaceShortcuts( cleanKey, HC.shortcuts ); cleanKey = cleanKey.replace( /^\s+|\s+$/g, '' ); if ( !cleanKey.length ) { this.showSuggestions( [] ); return; } if ( this.callbackObj ) this.callbackObj.cancelled = true; var engineName = suggestionConfigs[ this.engine ] ? this.engine : 'combined'; dont_autocomplete = dont_autocomplete || suggestionConfigs[ engineName ].noCompletion; if ( suggestionConfigs[ engineName ].cache[ cleanKey ] ) { this.showSuggestions( suggestionConfigs[ engineName ].cache[ cleanKey ], dont_autocomplete, v, engineName ); return; } var engines = suggestionConfigs[ engineName ].engines; this.callbackObj = { allTitles: null, callsMade: 0, nofCalls: engines.length, noCompletion: dont_autocomplete, engineName: engineName }; this.makeCalls( engines, this.callbackObj, v, cleanKey ); }, makeCalls: function ( engines, cb, v, cleanKey ) { for ( var j = 0; j < engines.length; j++ ) { var engine = suggestionEngines[ engines[ j ] ]; var url = wgServer + conf.wgScriptPath + engine.uri.replace( /\$1/g, encodeURIComponent( cleanKey ) ); this.makeCall( url, cb, engine, v, cleanKey ); } }, showSuggestions: function ( titles, dontAutocomplete, queryKey, engineName ) { this.text.readOnly = false; this.dab = null; this.showsList = false; if ( !this.list ) return; if ( noSuggestions ) { if ( this.list ) this.list.style.display = 'none'; if ( this.engineSelector ) this.engineSelector.style.display = 'none'; if ( this.icon ) this.icon.style.display = 'none'; this.inputExists = true; // Default... return; } this.engineName = engineName; if ( engineName ) { if ( !this.engineSelector ) this.engineName = null; } else { if ( this.engineSelector ) this.engineSelector.style.display = 'none'; } if ( queryKey ) { if ( this.lastInput.indexOf( queryKey ) ) return; if ( this.lastQuery && this.lastInput.indexOf( this.lastQuery ) === 0 && this.lastQuery.length > queryKey.length ) return; } this.lastQuery = queryKey; // Get current input text var v = this.text.value.split( '|' ); var key = v.length > 1 ? '|' + v[ 1 ] : ''; v = ( HC.capitalizePageNames ? capitalize( v[ 0 ] ) : v[ 0 ] ); var vNormalized = v; var knownToExist = titles && titles.exists; var i; if ( titles ) { if ( titles.normalized && v.indexOf( queryKey ) === 0 ) { // We got back a different normalization than what is in the input field vNormalized = titles.normalized + v.substring( queryKey.length ); } var vLow = vNormalized.toLowerCase(); // Strip blacklisted categories if ( HC.blacklist ) { for ( i = 0; i < titles.length; i++ ) { if ( HC.blacklist.test( titles[ i ] ) ) { titles.splice( i, 1 ); i--; } } } titles.sort( function ( a, b ) { if ( a === b ) return 0; if ( a.indexOf( b ) === 0 ) return 1; // a begins with b: a > b if ( b.indexOf( a ) === 0 ) return -1; // b begins with a: a < b // Opensearch may return stuff not beginning with the search prefix! var prefixMatchA = ( a.indexOf( vNormalized ) === 0 ? 1 : 0 ); var prefixMatchB = ( b.indexOf( vNormalized ) === 0 ? 1 : 0 ); if ( prefixMatchA !== prefixMatchB ) return prefixMatchB - prefixMatchA; // Case-insensitive prefix match! var aLow = a.toLowerCase(), bLow = b.toLowerCase(); prefixMatchA = ( aLow.indexOf( vLow ) === 0 ? 1 : 0 ); prefixMatchB = ( bLow.indexOf( vLow ) === 0 ? 1 : 0 ); if ( prefixMatchA !== prefixMatchB ) return prefixMatchB - prefixMatchA; if ( a < b ) return -1; if ( b < a ) return 1; return 0; } ); // Remove duplicates and self-references for ( i = 0; i < titles.length; i++ ) { if ( i + 1 < titles.length && titles[ i ] === titles[ i + 1 ] || conf.wgNamespaceNumber === 14 && titles[ i ] === conf.wgTitle ) { titles.splice( i, 1 ); i--; } } } if ( !titles || !titles.length ) { if ( this.list ) this.list.style.display = 'none'; if ( this.engineSelector ) this.engineSelector.style.display = 'none'; if ( engineName && suggestionConfigs[ engineName ] && !suggestionConfigs[ engineName ].temp ) { if ( this.icon ) this.icon.src = HC.existsNo; this.inputExists = false; } return; } var firstTitle = titles[ 0 ]; var completed = this.autoComplete( firstTitle, v, vNormalized, key, dontAutocomplete ); var existing = completed || knownToExist || firstTitle === replaceShortcuts( v, HC.shortcuts ); if ( engineName && suggestionConfigs[ engineName ] && !suggestionConfigs[ engineName ].temp ) { this.icon.src = ( existing ? HC.existsYes : HC.existsNo ); this.inputExists = existing; } if ( completed ) { this.lastInput = firstTitle; if ( titles.length === 1 ) { this.list.style.display = 'none'; if ( this.engineSelector ) this.engineSelector.style.display = 'none'; return; } } // (Re-)fill the list while ( this.list.firstChild ) this.list.removeChild( this.list.firstChild ); for ( i = 0; i < titles.length; i++ ) { var opt = make( 'option' ); opt.appendChild( make( titles[ i ], true ) ); opt.selected = completed && ( i === 0 ); this.list.appendChild( opt ); } this.displayList(); }, displayList: function () { this.showsList = true; if ( !this.is_active ) { this.list.style.display = 'none'; if ( this.engineSelector ) this.engineSelector.style.display = 'none'; return; } var nofItems = ( this.list.options.length > HC.listSize ? HC.listSize : this.list.options.length ); if ( nofItems <= 1 ) nofItems = 2; this.list.size = nofItems; this.list.style.align = is_rtl ? 'right' : 'left'; this.list.style.zIndex = 5; this.list.style.position = 'absolute'; // Compute initial list position. First the height. var anchor = is_rtl ? 'right' : 'left'; var listh = 0; if ( this.list.style.display === 'none' ) { // Off-screen display to get the height this.list.style.top = this.text.offsetTop + 'px'; this.list.style[ anchor ] = '-10000px'; this.list.style.display = ''; listh = this.list.offsetHeight; this.list.style.display = 'none'; } else { listh = this.list.offsetHeight; } // Approximate calculation of maximum list size var maxListHeight = listh; if ( nofItems < HC.listSize ) maxListHeight = ( listh / nofItems ) * HC.listSize; function viewport( what ) { if ( is_webkit && !document.evaluate ) { // Safari < 3.0 return window[ 'inner' + what ]; } var s = 'client' + what; if ( window.opera ) return document.body[ s ]; return ( document.documentElement ? document.documentElement[ s ] : 0 ) || document.body[ s ] || 0; } function scroll_offset( what ) { var s = 'scroll' + what; var result = ( document.documentElement ? document.documentElement[ s ] : 0 ) || document.body[ s ] || 0; if ( is_rtl && what === 'Left' ) { // RTL inconsistencies. // FF: 0 at the far right, then increasingly negative values. // IE >= 8: 0 at the far right, then increasingly positive values. // Webkit: scrollWidth - clientWidth at the far right, then down to zero. // Opera: don't know... if ( result < 0 ) result = -result; if ( !is_webkit ) result = scroll_offset( 'Width' ) - viewport( 'Width' ) - result; // Now all have webkit behavior, i.e. zero if at the leftmost edge. } return result; } function position( node ) { // Stripped-down simplified position function. It's good enough for our purposes. if ( node.getBoundingClientRect ) { var box = node.getBoundingClientRect(); return { x: Math.round( box.left + scroll_offset( 'Left' ) ), y: Math.round( box.top + scroll_offset( 'Top' ) ) }; } var t = 0, l = 0; do { t += ( node.offsetTop || 0 ); l += ( node.offsetLeft || 0 ); node = node.offsetParent; } while ( node ); return { x: l, y: t }; } var textPos = position( this.text ), nl = 0, nt = 0, offset = 0, // Opera 9.5 somehow has offsetWidth = 0 here?? Use the next best value... textBoxWidth = this.text.offsetWidth || this.text.clientWidth; if ( this.engineName ) { this.engineSelector.style.zIndex = 5; this.engineSelector.style.position = 'absolute'; this.engineSelector.style.width = textBoxWidth + 'px'; // Figure out the height of this selector: display it off-screen, then hide it again. if ( this.engineSelector.style.display === 'none' ) { this.engineSelector.style[ anchor ] = '-10000px'; this.engineSelector.style.top = '0'; this.engineSelector.style.display = ''; offset = this.engineSelector.offsetHeight; this.engineSelector.style.display = 'none'; } else { offset = this.engineSelector.offsetHeight; } this.engineSelector.style[ anchor ] = nl + 'px'; } if ( textPos.y < maxListHeight + offset + 1 ) { // The list might extend beyond the upper border of the page. Let's avoid that by placing it // below the input text field. nt = this.text.offsetHeight + offset + 1; if ( this.engineName ) this.engineSelector.style.top = this.text.offsetHeight + 'px'; } else { nt = -listh - offset - 1; if ( this.engineName ) this.engineSelector.style.top = -( offset + 1 ) + 'px'; } this.list.style.top = nt + 'px'; this.list.style.width = ''; // No fixed width (yet) this.list.style[ anchor ] = nl + 'px'; if ( this.engineName ) { this.selectEngine( this.engineName ); this.engineSelector.style.display = ''; } this.list.style.display = 'block'; // Set the width of the list if ( this.list.offsetWidth < textBoxWidth ) { this.list.style.width = textBoxWidth + 'px'; return; } // If the list is wider than the textbox: make sure it fits horizontally into the browser window var scroll = scroll_offset( 'Left' ); var view_w = viewport( 'Width' ); var w = this.list.offsetWidth; var l_pos = position( this.list ); var left = l_pos.x; var right = left + w; if ( left < scroll || right > scroll + view_w ) { if ( w > view_w ) { w = view_w; this.list.style.width = w + 'px'; if ( is_rtl ) left = right - w; else right = left + w; } var relative_offset = 0; if ( left < scroll ) relative_offset = scroll - left; else if ( right > scroll + view_w ) relative_offset = -( right - scroll - view_w ); if ( is_rtl ) relative_offset = -relative_offset; if ( relative_offset ) this.list.style[ anchor ] = ( nl + relative_offset ) + 'px'; } }, autoComplete: function ( newVal, actVal, normalizedActVal, key, dontModify ) { if ( newVal === actVal ) return true; if ( dontModify || this.ime || !this.canSelect() ) return false; // If we can't select properly or an IME composition is ongoing, autocompletion would be a major annoyance to the user. if ( newVal.indexOf( actVal ) ) { // Maybe it'll work with the normalized value (NFC)? if ( normalizedActVal && newVal.indexOf( normalizedActVal ) === 0 ) { if ( this.lastRealInput === actVal ) this.lastRealInput = normalizedActVal; actVal = normalizedActVal; } else { return false; } } // Actual input is a prefix of the new text. Fill in new text, selecting the newly added suffix // such that it can be easily removed by typing backspace if the suggestion is unwanted. this.text.focus(); this.text.value = newVal + key; this.setSelection( actVal.length, newVal.length ); return true; }, canSelect: function () { return this.text.setSelectionRange || this.text.createTextRange || this.text.selectionStart !== undefined && this.text.selectionEnd !== undefined; }, setSelection: function ( from, to ) { // this.text must be focused (at least on IE) if ( !this.text.value ) return; if ( this.text.setSelectionRange ) { // e.g. khtml this.text.setSelectionRange( from, to ); } else if ( this.text.selectionStart !== undefined ) { if ( from > this.text.selectionStart ) { this.text.selectionEnd = to; this.text.selectionStart = from; } else { this.text.selectionStart = from; this.text.selectionEnd = to; } } else if ( this.text.createTextRange ) { // IE var new_selection = this.text.createTextRange(); new_selection.move( 'character', from ); new_selection.moveEnd( 'character', to - from ); new_selection.select(); } }, getSelection: function () { var from = 0, to = 0; // this.text must be focused (at least on IE) if ( !this.text.value ) { // No text. } else if ( this.text.selectionStart !== undefined ) { from = this.text.selectionStart; to = this.text.selectionEnd; } else if ( document.selection && document.selection.createRange ) { // IE var rng = document.selection.createRange().duplicate(); if ( rng.parentElement() === this.text ) { try { var textRng = this.text.createTextRange(); textRng.move( 'character', 0 ); textRng.setEndPoint( 'EndToEnd', rng ); // We're in a single-line input box: no need to care about IE's strange // handling of line ends to = textRng.text.length; textRng.setEndPoint( 'EndToStart', rng ); from = textRng.text.length; } catch ( notFocused ) { from = this.text.value.length; to = from; // At end of text } } } return { start: from, end: to }; }, saveView: function () { this.lastSelection = this.getSelection(); }, processKey: function ( evt ) { var dir = 0; switch ( this.lastKey ) { case UP: dir = -1; break; case DOWN: dir = 1; break; case PGUP: dir = -HC.listSize; break; case PGDOWN: dir = HC.listSize; break; case ESC: // Inhibit default behavior (revert to last real input in FF: we do that ourselves) return evtKill( evt ); } if ( dir ) { if ( this.list.style.display !== 'none' ) { // List is visible, so there are suggestions this.highlightSuggestion( dir ); // Kill the event, otherwise some browsers (e.g., Firefox) may additionally treat an up-arrow // as "place the text cursor at the front", which we don't want here. return evtKill( evt ); } else if ( this.keyCount <= 1 && ( !this.callbackObj || this.callbackObj.callsMade === this.callbackObj.nofCalls ) ) { // If no suggestions displayed, get them, unless we're already getting them. this.textchange(); } } return true; }, highlightSuggestion: function ( dir ) { if ( noSuggestions || !this.list || this.list.style.display === 'none' ) return false; var curr = this.list.selectedIndex; var tgt = -1; if ( dir === 0 ) { if ( curr < 0 || curr >= this.list.options.length ) return false; tgt = curr; } else { tgt = curr < 0 ? 0 : curr + dir; tgt = tgt < 0 ? 0 : tgt; if ( tgt >= this.list.options.length ) tgt = this.list.options.length - 1; } if ( tgt !== curr || dir === 0 ) { if ( curr >= 0 && curr < this.list.options.length && dir !== 0 ) this.list.options[ curr ].selected = false; this.list.options[ tgt ].selected = true; // Get current input text var v = this.text.value.split( '|' ); var key = v.length > 1 ? '|' + v[ 1 ] : ''; var completed = this.autoComplete( this.list.options[ tgt ].text, this.lastRealInput, null, key, false ); if ( !completed || this.list.options[ tgt ].text === this.lastRealInput ) { this.text.value = this.list.options[ tgt ].text + key; if ( this.canSelect() ) this.setSelection( this.list.options[ tgt ].text.length, this.list.options[ tgt ].text.length ); } this.lastInput = this.list.options[ tgt ].text; this.inputExists = true; // Might be wrong if from a dab list... if ( this.icon ) this.icon.src = HC.existsYes; this.state = CategoryEditor.CHANGE_PENDING; } return true; }, resetKeySelection: function () { if ( noSuggestions || !this.list || this.list.style.display === 'none' ) return false; var curr = this.list.selectedIndex; if ( curr >= 0 && curr < this.list.options.length ) { this.list.options[ curr ].selected = false; // Get current input text var v = this.text.value.split( '|' ); var key = v.length > 1 ? '|' + v[ 1 ] : ''; // ESC is handled strangely by some browsers (e.g., FF); somehow it resets the input value before // our event handlers ever get a chance to run. var result = v[ 0 ] !== this.lastInput; if ( v[ 0 ] !== this.lastRealInput ) { this.text.value = this.lastRealInput + key; result = true; } this.lastInput = this.lastRealInput; return result; } return false; } }; // end CategoryEditor.prototype function initialize() { // User configurations: Do this here, called from the onload handler, so that users can // override it easily in their own user script files by just declaring variables. JSconfig // is some feature used at Wikimedia Commons. var config = ( window.JSconfig !== undefined && JSconfig.keys ) ? JSconfig.keys : {}; HC.dont_add_to_watchlist = ( window.hotcat_dont_add_to_watchlist !== undefined ? !!window.hotcat_dont_add_to_watchlist : ( config.HotCatDontAddToWatchlist !== undefined ? config.HotCatDontAddToWatchlist : HC.dont_add_to_watchlist ) ); HC.no_autocommit = ( window.hotcat_no_autocommit !== undefined ? !!window.hotcat_no_autocommit : ( config.HotCatNoAutoCommit !== undefined ? config.HotCatNoAutoCommit : // On talk namespace default autocommit off ( conf.wgNamespaceNumber % 2 ? true : HC.no_autocommit ) ) ); HC.del_needs_diff = ( window.hotcat_del_needs_diff !== undefined ? !!window.hotcat_del_needs_diff : ( config.HotCatDelNeedsDiff !== undefined ? config.HotCatDelNeedsDiff : HC.del_needs_diff ) ); HC.suggest_delay = window.hotcat_suggestion_delay || config.HotCatSuggestionDelay || HC.suggest_delay; HC.editbox_width = window.hotcat_editbox_width || config.HotCatEditBoxWidth || HC.editbox_width; HC.suggestions = window.hotcat_suggestions || config.HotCatSuggestions || HC.suggestions; if ( typeof HC.suggestions !== 'string' || !suggestionConfigs[ HC.suggestions ] ) HC.suggestions = 'combined'; HC.fixed_search = ( window.hotcat_suggestions_fixed !== undefined ? !!window.hotcat_suggestions_fixed : ( config.HotCatFixedSuggestions !== undefined ? config.HotCatFixedSuggestions : HC.fixed_search ) ); HC.single_minor = ( window.hotcat_single_changes_are_minor !== undefined ? !!window.hotcat_single_changes_are_minor : ( config.HotCatMinorSingleChanges !== undefined ? config.HotCatMinorSingleChanges : HC.single_minor ) ); HC.bg_changed = window.hotcat_changed_background || config.HotCatChangedBackground || HC.bg_changed; HC.use_up_down = ( window.hotcat_use_category_links !== undefined ? !!window.hotcat_use_category_links : ( config.HotCatUseCategoryLinks !== undefined ? config.HotCatUseCategoryLinks : HC.use_up_down ) ); HC.listSize = window.hotcat_list_size || config.HotCatListSize || HC.listSize; if ( conf.wgDBname !== 'commonswiki' ) HC.changeTag = config.HotCatChangeTag || ''; // The next whole shebang is needed, because manual tags get not submitted except of save if ( HC.changeTag ) { var eForm = document.editform, catRegExp = new RegExp( '^\\[\\[(' + HC.category_regexp + '):' ), oldTxt; // Returns true if minor change var isMinorChange = function () { var newTxt = eForm.wpTextbox1; if ( !newTxt ) return; newTxt = newTxt.value; var oldLines = oldTxt.match( /^.*$/gm ), newLines = newTxt.match( /^.*$/gm ), cArr; // changes var except = function ( aArr, bArr ) { var result = [], lArr, // larger sArr; // smaller if ( aArr.length < bArr.length ) { lArr = bArr; sArr = aArr; } else { lArr = aArr; sArr = bArr; } for ( var i = 0; i < lArr.length; i++ ) { var item = lArr[ i ]; var ind = $.inArray( item, sArr ); if ( ind === -1 ) result.push( item ); else sArr.splice( ind, 1 ); // don't check this item again } return result.concat( sArr ); }; cArr = except( oldLines, newLines ); if ( cArr.length ) { cArr = $.grep( cArr, function ( c ) { c = $.trim( c ); return ( c && !catRegExp.test( c ) ); } ); } if ( !cArr.length ) { oldTxt = newTxt; return true; } }; if ( conf.wgAction === 'submit' && conf.wgArticleId && eForm && eForm.wpSummary && document.getElementById( 'wikiDiff' ) ) { var sum = eForm.wpSummary, sumA = eForm.wpAutoSummary; if ( sum.value && sumA.value === HC.changeTag ) { // HotCat diff // MD5 hash of the empty string, as HotCat edit is based on empty sum sumA.value = sumA.value.replace( HC.changeTag, 'd41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e' ); // Attr creation and event handling is not same in all (old) browsers so use $ var $ct = $( '<input type="hidden" name="wpChangeTags">' ).val( HC.changeTag ); $( eForm ).append( $ct ); oldTxt = eForm.wpTextbox1.value; $( '#wpSave' ).one( 'click', function () { if ( $ct.val() ) sum.value = sum.value.replace( ( HC.messages.using || HC.messages.prefix ), '' ); } ); var removeChangeTag = function () { $( eForm.wpTextbox1 ).add( sum ).one( 'input', function () { window.setTimeout( function () { if ( !isMinorChange() ) $ct.val( '' ); else removeChangeTag(); }, 500 ); } ); }; removeChangeTag(); } } } // Numeric input, make sure we have a numeric value HC.listSize = parseInt( HC.listSize, 10 ); if ( isNaN( HC.listSize ) || HC.listSize < 5 ) HC.listSize = 5; HC.listSize = Math.min( HC.listSize, 30 ); // Max size // Localize search engine names if ( HC.engine_names ) { for ( var key in HC.engine_names ) if ( suggestionConfigs[ key ] && HC.engine_names[ key ] ) suggestionConfigs[ key ].name = HC.engine_names[ key ]; } // Catch both native RTL and "faked" RTL through [[MediaWiki:Rtl.js]] is_rtl = hasClass( document.body, 'rtl' ); if ( !is_rtl ) { if ( document.defaultView && document.defaultView.getComputedStyle ) { // Gecko etc. is_rtl = document.defaultView.getComputedStyle( document.body, null ).getPropertyValue( 'direction' ); } else if ( document.body.currentStyle ) { // IE, has subtle differences to getComputedStyle is_rtl = document.body.currentStyle.direction; } else { // Not exactly right, but best effort is_rtl = document.body.style.direction; } is_rtl = ( is_rtl === 'rtl' ); } } function can_edit() { var container = null; switch ( mw.config.get( 'skin' ) ) { case 'cologneblue': container = document.getElementById( 'quickbar' ); /* fall through */ case 'standard': case 'nostalgia': if ( !container ) container = document.getElementById( 'topbar' ); var lks = container.getElementsByTagName( 'a' ); for ( var i = 0; i < lks.length; i++ ) { if ( param( 'title', lks[ i ].href ) === conf.wgPageName && param( 'action', lks[ i ].href ) === 'edit' ) { return true; } } return false; default: // all modern skins: return document.getElementById( 'ca-edit' ) !== null; } } // Legacy stuff function closeForm() { // Close all open editors without redirect resolution and other asynchronous stuff. for ( var i = 0; i < editors.length; i++ ) { var edit = editors[ i ]; if ( edit.state === CategoryEditor.OPEN ) { edit.cancel(); } else if ( edit.state === CategoryEditor.CHANGE_PENDING ) { edit.sanitizeInput(); var value = edit.text.value.split( '|' ); var key = null; if ( value.length > 1 ) key = value[ 1 ]; var v = value[ 0 ].replace( /_/g, ' ' ).replace( /^\s+|\s+$/g, '' ); if ( !v.length ) { edit.cancel(); } else { edit.currentCategory = v; edit.currentKey = key; edit.currentExists = this.inputExists; edit.close(); } } } } function setup_upload() { onUpload = true; // Add an empty category bar at the end of the table containing the description, and change the onsubmit handler. var ip = document.getElementById( 'mw-htmlform-description' ) || document.getElementById( 'wpDestFile' ); if ( !ip ) { ip = document.getElementById( 'wpDestFile' ); while ( ip && ip.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== 'table' ) ip = ip.parentNode; } if ( !ip ) return; var reupload = document.getElementById( 'wpForReUpload' ); var destFile = document.getElementById( 'wpDestFile' ); if ( ( reupload && !!reupload.value ) || ( destFile && ( destFile.disabled || destFile.readOnly ) ) ) { return; // re-upload form... } // Insert a table row with two fields (label and empty category bar) var labelCell = make( 'td' ); var lineCell = make( 'td' ); // Create the category line catLine = make( 'div' ); catLine.className = 'catlinks'; catLine.id = 'catlinks'; catLine.style.textAlign = is_rtl ? 'right' : 'left'; // We'll be inside a table row. Make sure that we don't have margins or strange borders. catLine.style.margin = '0'; catLine.style.border = 'none'; lineCell.appendChild( catLine ); // Create the label var label = null; if ( window.UFUI && window.UIElements && UFUI.getLabel instanceof Function ) { try { label = UFUI.getLabel( 'wpCategoriesUploadLbl' ); } catch ( ex ) { label = null; } } if ( !label ) { labelCell.id = 'hotcatLabel'; labelCell.appendChild( make( HC.categories, true ) ); } else { labelCell.id = 'hotcatLabelTranslated'; labelCell.appendChild( label ); } labelCell.className = 'mw-label'; labelCell.style.textAlign = 'right'; labelCell.style.verticalAlign = 'middle'; // Change the onsubmit handler var form = document.getElementById( 'upload' ) || document.getElementById( 'mw-upload-form' ); if ( form && ip && ip.insertRow ) { var newRow = ip.insertRow( -1 ); newRow.appendChild( labelCell ); newRow.appendChild( lineCell ); form.onsubmit = ( function ( oldSubmit ) { return function () { var do_submit = true; if ( oldSubmit ) { if ( typeof oldSubmit === 'string' ) { // eslint-disable-next-line no-eval do_submit = eval( oldSubmit ); } else if ( oldSubmit instanceof Function ) { do_submit = oldSubmit.apply( form, arguments ); } } if ( !do_submit ) return false; closeForm(); // Copy the categories var eb = document.getElementById( 'wpUploadDescription' ) || document.getElementById( 'wpDesc' ); var addedOne = false; for ( var i = 0; i < editors.length; i++ ) { var t = editors[ i ].currentCategory; if ( !t ) continue; var key = editors[ i ].currentKey; var new_cat = '[[' + HC.category_canonical + ':' + t + ( key ? '|' + key : '' ) + ']]'; // Only add if not already present var cleanedText = eb.value .replace( /<!--(\s|\S)*?-->/g, '' ) .replace( /<nowiki>(\s|\S)*?<\/nowiki>/g, '' ); if ( !find_category( cleanedText, t, true ) ) { eb.value += '\n' + new_cat; addedOne = true; } } if ( addedOne ) { // Remove "subst:unc" added by Flinfo if it didn't find categories eb.value = eb.value.replace( /\{\{subst:unc\}\}/g, '' ); } return true; }; }( form.onsubmit ) ); } } var cleanedText = null; function isOnPage( span ) { if ( span.firstChild.nodeType !== Node.ELEMENT_NODE ) return null; var catTitle = title( span.firstChild.getAttribute( 'href' ) ); if ( !catTitle ) return null; catTitle = catTitle.substr( catTitle.indexOf( ':' ) + 1 ).replace( /_/g, ' ' ); if ( HC.blacklist && HC.blacklist.test( catTitle ) ) return null; var result = { title: catTitle, match: [ '', '', '' ] }; if ( pageText === null ) return result; if ( cleanedText === null ) { cleanedText = pageText .replace( /<!--(\s|\S)*?-->/g, '' ) .replace( /<nowiki>(\s|\S)*?<\/nowiki>/g, '' ); } result.match = find_category( cleanedText, catTitle, true ); return result; } var initialized = false; var setupTimeout = null; function findByClass( scope, tag, className ) { var result = $( scope ).find( tag + '.' + className ); return ( result && result.length ) ? result[ 0 ] : null; } function errorAMC() { alert( 'An error occurred. Unable to setup HotCat' ); } function enableAMC() { var api = new mw.Api(); return api.saveOption( 'mf_amc_optin', '1' ).then( function ( r ) { if ( !r || r.options !== 'success' ) { errorAMC(); return; } if ( window.confirm( 'Please reload your page to use hotcat.' ) ) { location.reload(); } }, function () { errorAMC(); } ); } function showWarning( text ) { var warning = document.createElement( 'div' ); warning.setAttribute( 'style', 'padding: 20px; background: orange; color: #333; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 20px;' ); warning.textContent = text; var btn = document.createElement( 'button' ); btn.classList.add( 'mw-ui-button', 'cdx-button' ); btn.style.display = 'block'; btn.textContent = 'Enable HotCat and AMC mode on this page'; btn.addEventListener( 'click', function () { enableAMC(); } ); warning.appendChild( btn ); document.getElementById( 'mw-content-text' ).appendChild( warning ); } function setup( additionalWork ) { if ( initialized ) return; initialized = true; if ( setupTimeout ) { window.clearTimeout( setupTimeout ); setupTimeout = null; } // Find the category bar, or create an empty one if there isn't one. Then add -/+- links after // each category, and add the + link. catLine = // Special:Upload catLine || document.getElementById( 'mw-normal-catlinks' ); var hiddenCats = document.getElementById( 'mw-hidden-catlinks' ); if ( !catLine ) { // Workaround for T24660 if ( mw.config.get('skin') === 'minerva' ) { if ( document.body.classList.contains('mw-mf-amc-disabled') ) { showWarning( 'HotCat requires AMC mode.' ); } } var footer = null; if ( !hiddenCats ) { footer = findByClass( document, 'div', 'printfooter' ); if ( !footer ) return; // Don't know where to insert the category line } catLine = make( 'div' ); catLine.id = 'mw-normal-catlinks'; catLine.style.textAlign = is_rtl ? 'right' : 'left'; // Add a label var label = make( 'a' ); label.href = conf.wgArticlePath.replace( '$1', 'Special:Categories' ); label.title = HC.categories; label.appendChild( make( HC.categories, true ) ); catLine.appendChild( label ); catLine.appendChild( make( ':', true ) ); // Insert the new category line var container = ( hiddenCats ? hiddenCats.parentNode : document.getElementById( 'catlinks' ) ); if ( !container ) { container = make( 'div' ); container.id = 'catlinks'; footer.parentNode.insertBefore( container, footer.nextSibling ); } container.className = 'catlinks noprint'; container.style.display = ''; if ( !hiddenCats ) container.appendChild( catLine ); else container.insertBefore( catLine, hiddenCats ); } // end if catLine exists if ( is_rtl ) catLine.dir = 'rtl'; // Create editors for all existing categories function createEditors( line, is_hidden ) { var i; var cats = line.getElementsByTagName( 'li' ); if ( cats.length ) { newDOM = true; line = cats[ 0 ].parentNode; } else { cats = line.getElementsByTagName( 'span' ); } // Copy cats, otherwise it'll also magically contain our added spans as it is a live collection! var copyCats = new Array( cats.length ); for ( i = 0; i < cats.length; i++ ) copyCats[ i ] = cats[ i ]; for ( i = 0; i < copyCats.length; i++ ) { var test = isOnPage( copyCats[ i ] ); if ( test !== null && test.match !== null && line ) { // eslint-disable-next-line no-new new CategoryEditor( line, copyCats[ i ], test.title, test.match[ 2 ], is_hidden ); } } return copyCats.length ? copyCats[ copyCats.length - 1 ] : null; } var lastSpan = createEditors( catLine, false ); // Create one to add a new category // eslint-disable-next-line no-new new CategoryEditor( newDOM ? catLine.getElementsByTagName( 'ul' )[ 0 ] : catLine, null, null, lastSpan !== null, false ); if ( !onUpload ) { if ( pageText !== null && hiddenCats ) { if ( is_rtl ) hiddenCats.dir = 'rtl'; createEditors( hiddenCats, true ); } // And finally add the "multi-mode" span. (Do this at the end, otherwise it ends up in the list above.) var enableMulti = make( 'span' ); enableMulti.className = 'noprint'; if ( is_rtl ) enableMulti.dir = 'rtl'; catLine.insertBefore( enableMulti, catLine.firstChild.nextSibling ); enableMulti.appendChild( make( '\xa0', true ) ); // nbsp multiSpan = make( 'span' ); enableMulti.appendChild( multiSpan ); multiSpan.innerHTML = '(<a>' + HC.addmulti + '</a>)'; var lk = multiSpan.getElementsByTagName( 'a' )[ 0 ]; lk.onclick = function ( evt ) { setMultiInput(); checkMultiInput(); return evtKill( evt ); }; lk.title = HC.multi_tooltip; lk.style.cursor = 'pointer'; } cleanedText = null; if ( additionalWork instanceof Function ) additionalWork(); mw.hook( 'hotcat.ready' ).fire(); // Execute registered callback functions $( 'body' ).trigger( 'hotcatSetupCompleted' ); } function createCommitForm() { if ( commitForm ) return; var formContainer = make( 'div' ); formContainer.style.display = 'none'; document.body.appendChild( formContainer ); formContainer.innerHTML = '<form id="hotcatCommitForm" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" action="' + conf.wgScript + '?title=' + encodeURIComponent( conf.wgPageName ) + '&action=submit">' + '<input type="hidden" name="wpTextbox1">' + '<input type="hidden" name="model" value="' + conf.wgPageContentModel + '">' + '<input type="hidden" name="format" value="text/x-wiki">' + '<input type="hidden" name="wpSummary" value="">' + '<input type="checkbox" name="wpMinoredit" value="1">' + '<input type="checkbox" name="wpWatchthis" value="1">' + '<input type="hidden" name="wpAutoSummary" value="d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e">' + '<input type="hidden" name="wpEdittime">' + '<input type="hidden" name="wpStarttime">' + '<input type="hidden" name="wpDiff" value="wpDiff">' + '<input type="hidden" name="oldid" value="0">' + '<input type="hidden" name="wpIgnoreBlankSummary" value="1">' + '<input type="submit" name="hcCommit" value="hcCommit">' + '<input type="hidden" name="wpEditToken">' + '<input type="hidden" name="wpUltimateParam" value="1">' + '<input type="hidden" name="wpChangeTags">' + '<input type="hidden" value="ℳ𝒲♥𝓊𝓃𝒾𝒸ℴ𝒹ℯ" name="wpUnicodeCheck">' + '</form>'; commitForm = document.getElementById( 'hotcatCommitForm' ); } function getPage() { // We know we have an article here. if ( !conf.wgArticleId ) { // Doesn't exist yet. Disable on non-existing User pages -- might be a global user page. if ( conf.wgNamespaceNumber === 2 ) return; pageText = ''; pageTime = null; setup( createCommitForm ); } else { var url = wgServer + conf.wgScriptPath + '/api.php?format=json&callback=HotCat.start&action=query&rawcontinue=&titles=' + encodeURIComponent( conf.wgPageName ) + '&prop=info%7Crevisions&rvprop=content%7Ctimestamp%7Cids&meta=siteinfo&rvlimit=1&rvstartid=' + conf.wgCurRevisionId; var s = make( 'script' ); s.src = url; HC.start = function ( json ) { setPage( json ); setup( createCommitForm ); }; document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[ 0 ].appendChild( s ); setupTimeout = window.setTimeout( function () { setup( createCommitForm ); }, 4000 ); // 4 sec, just in case getting the wikitext takes longer. } } function setState( state ) { var cats = state.split( '\n' ); if ( !cats.length ) return null; if ( initialized && editors.length === 1 && editors[ 0 ].isAddCategory ) { // Insert new spans and create new editors for them. var newSpans = []; var before = editors.length === 1 ? editors[ 0 ].span : null; var i; for ( i = 0; i < cats.length; i++ ) { if ( !cats[ i ].length ) continue; var cat = cats[ i ].split( '|' ); var key = cat.length > 1 ? cat[ 1 ] : null; cat = cat[ 0 ]; var lk = make( 'a' ); lk.href = wikiPagePath( HC.category_canonical + ':' + cat ); lk.appendChild( make( cat, true ) ); lk.title = cat; var span = make( 'span' ); span.appendChild( lk ); if ( !i ) catLine.insertBefore( make( ' ', true ), before ); catLine.insertBefore( span, before ); if ( before && i + 1 < cats.length ) parent.insertBefore( make( ' | ', true ), before ); newSpans.push( { element: span, title: cat, key: key } ); } // And change the last one... if ( before ) before.parentNode.insertBefore( make( ' | ', true ), before ); for ( i = 0; i < newSpans.length; i++ ) { // eslint-disable-next-line no-new new CategoryEditor( catLine, newSpans[ i ].element, newSpans[ i ].title, newSpans[ i ].key ); } } return null; } function getState() { var result = null; for ( var i = 0; i < editors.length; i++ ) { var text = editors[ i ].currentCategory; var key = editors[ i ].currentKey; if ( text && text.length ) { if ( key !== null ) text += '|' + key; if ( result === null ) result = text; else result += '\n' + text; } } return result; } function really_run() { zh_wiktionary_get_langdata(function() { initialize(); if ( !HC.upload_disabled && conf.wgNamespaceNumber === -1 && conf.wgCanonicalSpecialPageName === 'Upload' && conf.wgUserName ) { setup_upload(); setup( function () { // Check for state restoration once the setup is done otherwise, but before signalling setup completion if ( window.UploadForm && UploadForm.previous_hotcat_state ) UploadForm.previous_hotcat_state = setState( UploadForm.previous_hotcat_state ); } ); } else { if ( !conf.wgIsArticle || conf.wgAction !== 'view' || param( 'diff' ) !== null || param( 'oldid' ) !== null || !can_edit() || HC.disable() ) return; getPage(); } }); } function run() { if ( HC.started ) return; HC.started = true; loadTrigger.register( really_run ); } // Export legacy functions window.hotcat_get_state = function () { return getState(); }; window.hotcat_set_state = function ( state ) { return setState( state ); }; window.hotcat_close_form = function () { closeForm(); }; HC.runWhenReady = function ( callback ) { // run user-registered code once HotCat is fully set up and ready. mw.hook( 'hotcat.ready' ).add( callback ); }; // Make sure we don't get conflicts with AjaxCategories (core development that should one day // replace HotCat). mw.config.set( 'disableAJAXCategories', true ); // Run as soon as possible. This varies depending on MediaWiki version; // window's 'load' event is always safe, but usually we can do better than that. if ( conf.wgCanonicalSpecialPageName !== 'Upload' ) { // Reload HotCat after (VE) edits (bug T103285) mw.hook( 'postEdit' ).add( function () { // Reset HotCat in case this is a soft reload (e.g. VisualEditor edit), unless the categories // were not re-rendered and our interface is still there (e.g. DiscussionTools edit) if ( document.querySelector( '#catlinks .hotcatlink' ) ) { return; } catLine = null; editors = []; initialized = false; HC.started = false; run(); } ); } // We can safely trigger just after user configuration is loaded. // Use always() instead of then() to also start HotCat if the user module has problems. $.when( mw.loader.using( 'user' ), $.ready ).always( run ); }( jQuery, mediaWiki ) ); // </nowiki> 8e9y3pmehxcsnmfqqt2nl01aramsz9j 0 1379982 9959644 5571454 2026-11-03T01:19:04Z Chihunglu83 87715 +詞源 9959644 wikitext text/x-wiki ==吉爾吉斯語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|ky|trk-pro|*tebe}}。 ===名詞=== {{head|ky|名詞}} # [[駱駝]] d3viiaprsgr4tb3jf246it6bdgjf1uq 9959672 9959644 2026-11-03T08:48:22Z TongcyDai 53191 9959672 wikitext text/x-wiki ==吉爾吉斯語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|ky|trk-pro|*tebe}}。 ===名詞=== {{ky-noun}} # [[駱駝]] {{C|ky|駱駝科動物}} la7gafz3qykx39hglwv51budywazj0x 0 1382737 9959950 9587322 2026-11-03T11:39:25Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959950 wikitext text/x-wiki ==捷克語== ===發音=== * {{cs-IPA}} * {{cs-IPA|[én]}} ===名詞=== {{cs-noun|m-in}} # [[甲苯]] {{c|cs|有機化合物}} ====變格==== {{rfinfl|cs|名詞}} ==書面挪威語== {{wikipedia|lang=no}} ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|nb|tolubalsam|-en}}。 ===名詞=== {{nb-noun-nu}} # {{lb|nb|organic compound}} [[甲苯]] ===參考資料=== * {{R:nb:NAOB}} ==新挪威語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|nn|tolubalsam|-en}}。 ===名詞=== {{nn-noun-nu}} # {{lb|nn|organic compound}} [[甲苯]] ==波蘭語== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-toluen.wav}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} # [[甲苯]] ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.inan>}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|pl|title=名詞|aminotoluen}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{C|pl|有機化合物}} ==羅馬尼亞語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|ro|fr|toluène}}。 ===名詞=== {{ro-noun|n|-}} # [[甲苯]] {{c|ro|有機化合物}} ====變格==== {{ro-noun-n|n=sg}} 55ktuglq5wn6inoxd78j6stz7wo7zp4 0 1383472 9959954 9871723 2026-11-03T11:39:34Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|indie|indy|Indië}} ==捷克語== ===發音=== * {{cs-IPA|Indyje}} * {{audio|cs|Cs-Indie.ogg|音頻}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|cs|專有名詞|g=f}} # [[印度]] ====相關詞彙==== * [[Ind]] * [[Indka]] * [[indický]] ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:cs:PSJC}} * {{R:SSJC}} [[Category:捷克語 國家]] ==波蘭語== ===發音=== * {{pl-pr|a=Pl-Indie.ogg}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|pl|專有名詞|g=p}} # [[印度]] ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|India<f.pl.nomple.genpl:Indii:Indyj[古舊]>}} ====派生詞==== * {{l|pl|Hindus|g=m}}, [[Hinduska]] {{gf}} * 形容詞: [[indyjski]] [[Category:波蘭語 國家]] ==低地蘇格蘭語== ===專有名詞=== {{head|sco|專有名詞}} # [[印度]] [[Category:低地蘇格蘭語 國家]] p7nnp4ir8t3ghs130xunush9h8h3wt9 0 1391283 9959953 8799032 2026-11-03T11:39:32Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959953 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== [[Image:Coccidioidomycosis_granulomas_on_forehead.png|thumb|czoło]] ===詞源=== 源自{{inh|pl|sla-pro|*čelo}}。 ===發音=== * {{pl-pr|a=Pl-czoło.ogg|mp=#|kuj=#}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|n|dim=czółko}} # [[額頭]] ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<n>}} =====派生詞===== * {{qualifier|名詞}} {{l|pl|czelność}}, {{l|pl|czołówka}} * {{qualifier|形容詞}} {{l|pl|czelny}}, {{l|pl|czołowy}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|n}} # [[前方]]；[[前沿]] #: ''Na '''czele''' pochodu szli zasłużeni dla partii działacze.'' ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<n.sg.loc:czele>}} ====近義詞==== * {{sense|前方}} {{l|pl|przód}} * {{sense|前沿}} {{l|pl|awangarda}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:PWN}} [[Category:波蘭語 解剖學]] 450fj4azjkbix9zn7r812nx7jgvsok6 0 1391370 9959935 8799035 2026-11-03T11:38:55Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959935 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== 源自{{inh|pl|sla-pro|*čeľustь}}。 ===發音=== * {{pl-pr|a=Pl-czeluść.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f}} # {{文}} [[空洞]]；[[深淵]] #: {{uxi|pl|piekielne czeluści|地獄的深淵}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<f.nomple:->}} ====近義詞==== * {{sense|深淵}} {{l|pl|bezdenność}}, {{l|pl|otchłań}}, {{l|pl|przepaść}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:PWN}} mr04wuozob3rmekcjgoebu4yc432q8c 0 1403473 9959956 8799254 2026-11-03T11:39:39Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959956 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ===發音=== * {{pl-pr|a=Pl-Trypolis.ogg}} ===专有名词=== {{infl|pl|proper noun|g=m}} #[[的黎波里]]（利比亞首都） ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.inan.sg>}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:PWN}} [[Category:波兰语 首都]] fe3owlqr9q4o94wi6zvtnt3jb0mw87t 8 1403988 9959640 5718432 2026-11-02T23:10:07Z Maintenance script 41826 Use thumb.wikimedia.org for thumbnails ([[phab:T427465]], Operator: Ladsgroup) 9959640 javascript text/javascript // <nowiki> /* Generic code */ window.customizeToolbar = function( customizer ) { /* Check if we are in edit mode and the required modules are available and then customize the toolbar */ if ( $.inArray( mw.config.get( 'wgAction' ), ['edit', 'submit'] ) !== -1 ) { if ( mw.user.options.get('usebetatoolbar') ) { mw.loader.using( 'ext.wikiEditor', function () { $(document).ready( function() { customizer.call( $( '#wpTextbox1' ) ); } ); } ); } } } /* If the user manually chose this gadget */ if ( mw.user.options.get('gadget-Edittools-vector') ) { customizeToolbar( function() { this.wikiEditor('addToToolbar', { 'section': 'main', 'group': 'insert', 'tools': { 'category': { label: '分类', type: 'button', icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Tag.svg/24px-VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Tag.svg.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "[\[Category:", post: "]]" } } } } } ); this.wikiEditor('addToToolbar', { 'section': 'advanced', 'group': 'format', 'tools': { 'bolditalic': { label: '粗斜体', type: 'button', icon: '//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Toolbaricon_bolditalic_A.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "'''''", periMsg: '粗斜体文字', post: "'''''" } } }, 'strikethrough': { label: '删除线', type: 'button', icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Strikethrough-s.svg/24px-VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Strikethrough-s.svg.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "<s>", post: "</s>" } } }, 'underline': { label: '下划线', type: 'button', icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Underline-u.svg/24px-VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Underline-u.svg.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "<u>", post: "</u>" } } }, 'quote': { label: '块引用', type: 'button', icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Block-quote.svg/24px-VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Block-quote.svg.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "<blockquote>", post: "</blockquote>" } } }, 'justify-left': { label: '左对齐', type: 'button', icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/OOjs_UI_icon_alignLeft.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_alignLeft.svg.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "<div style=\"text-align: left;\">", post: "</div>" } } }, 'justify-center': { label: '居中', type: 'button', icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/OOjs_UI_icon_alignCenter.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_alignCenter.svg.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "<div style=\"text-align: center;\">", post: "</div>" } } }, 'justify-right': { label: '右对齐', type: 'button', icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/OOjs_UI_icon_alignRight.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_alignRight.svg.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "<div style=\"text-align: right;\">", post: "</div>" } } }, 'source': { label: '源代码', type: 'button', icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Source.svg/24px-VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Source.svg.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "<syntaxhighlight lang=\"text\">", post: '</syntaxhighlight>' } } } } } ); this.wikiEditor('addToToolbar', { 'section': 'advanced', 'group': 'insert', 'tools': { 'math': { label: '数学公式', type: 'button', icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Equation.svg/24px-VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Equation.svg.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "<math>", periMsg: '插入数学公式', post: "</math>" } } }, 'hidden': { label: '注释或隐藏文字', type: 'button', icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Comment.svg/24px-VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Comment.svg.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "<!-- ", post: " -->" } } }, 'hline': { label: '水平线', type: 'button', icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Remove-item.svg/24px-VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_Remove-item.svg.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "----", ownline: true } } }, 'hans-hant': { label: '繁简转换', type: 'button', icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Chinese_conversion_black.svg/24px-Chinese_conversion_black.svg.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "-{", periMsg: '转换文字', post: "}-" } } }, 'references': { label: '参考文献区', type: 'button', icon: '//thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_References.svg/24px-VisualEditor_-_Icon_-_References.svg.png', action: { type: 'encapsulate', options: { pre: "\n==参考文献==\n{\{reflist}}\n", } } } } } ); } ); } // </nowiki> lxm48b4xszkl6nesava4f2vsj358zo7 828 1416279 9959907 9938445 2026-11-03T11:16:01Z TongcyBot 83009 同步英語維基詞典 Module:inflection utilities（enwt 93431792）：嵌入連結的加速檢查已移至 Module:links 9959907 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local m_links = require("Module:links") local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities") local m_table = require("Module:table") local put = require("Module:parse utilities") local headword_data_module = "Module:headword/data" local script_utilities_module = "Module:script utilities" local pages_module = "Module:pages" local template_parser_module = "Module:template parser" local is_callable = require("Module:fun").is_callable local split = m_str_utils.split local ufind = m_str_utils.find local usub = m_str_utils.sub local ucfirst = m_str_utils.ucfirst local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility local dump = mw.dumpObject local new_title = mw.title.new local insert = table.insert local concat = table.concat local insert_if_not = m_table.insertIfNot local shallow_copy = m_table.shallowCopy local function track(page) require("Module:debug/track")("inflection utilities/" .. page) return true end local footnote_abbrevs = { ["a"] = "古舊", ["c"] = "口語", ["d"] = "方言", ["fp"] = "民歌", ["l"] = "書面", ["lc"] = "低級口語", ["p"] = "詩歌化", ["pej"] = "貶義", ["r"] = "罕用", } --[==[ intro: The following code is used in building up the inflection of terms in inflected languages, where a term can potentially consist of several inflected words, each surrounded by fixed text, and a given slot (e.g. accusative singular) of a given word can potentially consist of multiple possible inflected forms. In addition, each form may be associated with a manual transliteration and/or a list of footnotes (or qualifiers, in the case of headword lines). The following terminology is helpful to understand: * A '''term''' is a word or multiword expression that can be inflected. A multiword term may in turn consist of several single-word inflected terms with surrounding fixed text. A term belongs to a particular '''part of speech''' (e.g. noun, verb, adjective, etc.). * An '''inflection dimension''' is a particular dimension over which a term may be inflected, such as case, number, gender, person, tense, mood, voice, aspect, etc. * The '''lemma''' is the particular form of a term under which the term is entered into a dictionary. For example, for verbs, it is most commonly the infinitive, but this differs for some languages: e.g. Latin, Greek and Bulgarian use the first-person singular present indicative (active voice in the case of Latin and Greek); Sanskrit and Macedonian use the third-person singular present indicative (active voice in the case of Sanskrit); Hebrew and Arabic use the third-person singular masculine past (aka "perfect"); etc. For nouns, the lemma form is most commonly the nominative singular, but e.g. for Old French it is the objective singular and for Sanskrit it is the root. * A '''slot''' is a particular combination of inflection dimensions. An example might be "accusative plural" for a noun, or "first-person singular present indicative" for a verb. Slots are named in a language-specific fashion. For example, the slot "accusative plural" might have a name `accpl`, while "first-person singular present indicative" might be variously named `pres1s`, `pres_ind_1_sg`, etc. Each slot is filled with zero or more '''forms'''. * A '''form''' is a particular inflection of a slot for a particular term. Note that a given slot may (and often does) have more than one associated form; these different forms are termed '''variants'''. An example is {{m+|de|Bug||bow (of a ship)}}, which has two genitive singular forms ''Buges'' and ''Bugs''; two plural forms in all cases, e.g. nominative plural ''Buge'' and ''Büge''; and two dative singular forms ''Bug'' and rare/archaic ''Buge''. The form variants for a given slot are ordered, and generally should have the more common and/or preferred variants first, along with rare, archaic or obsolete variants last (if they are included at all). * Forms are described using '''form objects''', which are Lua objects taking the form `{form="``form_value``", translit="``manual_translit``", footnotes={"``footnote``", "``footnote``", ...}}`. (Additional '''metadata''' may be present in a form object, although the support for preserving such metadata when transformations are applied to form objects isn't yet complete.) ``form_value`` is a '''form value''' specifying the value of the form itself in the term's script. ``manual_translit`` specifies optional manual transliteration for the form, in case (a) the form value is in a different script; and (b) either the form's automatic transliteration is incorrect and needs to be overridden, or the language of the term has no automatic transliteration (e.g. in the case of Persian and Hebrew). ``footnote`` is a footnote to be attached to the form in question, and should be e.g. {"[archaic]"} or {"[only in the meaning 'to succeed (an officeholder)']"}, i.e. the string must be surrounded by brackets and should begin with a lowercase letter and not end in a period/full stop. When such footnotes are converted to actual footnotes in a table of inflected forms, the brackets will be removed, the first letter will be capitalized and a period/full stop will be added to the end. (However, when such footnotes are used as qualifiers in headword lines, only the brackets will be removed, with no capitalization or final period.) Note that only ``form_value`` is mandatory. * A list of zero or more form objects is termed a '''form object list''', or usually just a '''form list'''. Such lists are ordered and go into form tables (see below). * A '''form table''' is a Lua table (i.e. a dictionary) describing all the possible inflections of a given term. The keys in such a table are slots (strings) and the values are form lists. '''NOTE:''' All inflection code assumes and maintains the invariant that no two slots, and no two forms in a single slot, share the same form object (by reference, i.e. the Lua object describing a form object should never be shared in two places). This allows for safely side-effecting form objects in certain sorts of operations. This same invariant necessarily applies to the Lua list objects containing the form objects, but does '''NOT''' apply to metadata inside of form objects. In particular, a list of footnotes may well be shared among different form objects. This means it is '''NOT''' safe to side-effect such lists, and in fact no code in this module that manipulates footnote lists will ever side-effect such lists; they are treated as immutable. * Some functions, to save memory, accept and work with abbreviated forms of form objects and/or form lists. Specifically, an '''abbreviated form object''' is either a form object or a string, the latter corresponding to a form object whose form value is the string and all other properties are nil. Similarly, an '''abbreviated form list''' is either a single abbreviated form object or a list of such objects, i.e. any of a string, form object or list of strings and/or form objects. Functions that do not accept such abbreviated structures may be said to insist on being passed form objects in '''full form''', or form lists in '''full list form'''. * Each slot is associated with an '''accelerator tag set''', which is a list of inflection tags that are used when generating an accelerator entry for the forms in the slot (see [[WT:ACCEL]]). For example, the first singular present indicative of a verb might have slot name `pres_1sg` and corresponding accelerator tag set `1|s|pres|ind`. As shown, the accelerator tag set is a string consisting of inflection tags (as used in {{tl|inflection of}}) separated by `|`. Despite the terminology ''tag set'', the tags in a tag set are ordered, although the same tag should never occur twice. * Some inflected terms are '''multiword''', i.e. they consist of multiple '''words''', where each word is generally separated by spaces or sometimes hyphens. In such a term, some of the words inflect, while others remain fixed. Words that inflect are termed '''inflecting words''' (or more correctly '''inflecting parts''', since in some circumstances, parts of a word can inflect). The '''fixed text''' is all the parts of a multiword term that do not inflect. * The descriptor that describes how a given term inflects is called an '''inflection spec''', and consists of the lemma form of the term itself, annotated with an '''angle bracket spec''' after each inflecting word. As the name implies, an angle bracket spec is surrounded by angle brackets (`<...>`). A simple example is {{m+|de|Feder||feather}}, whose inflection spec looks like `Feder<f>`, where `f` specifies the feminine gender. In this case, although there are several properties that could be specified between angle brackets, all except the gender are optional and have been left out, indicating that defaults should be used. Another example is {{m+|de|Baske|Basque person}}, whose inflection spec looks like `Baske<m.weak>`, where `m` specifies the masculine gender and `weak` specifies the weak inflection. Note that individual components of an angle bracket spec like `m` and `weak` are termed '''indicators''' and are separated by periods/full stops. A slightly more complex example is {{m+|de|Zeitgeist||zeitgeist}}, whose inflection spec looks like `Zeitgeist<m,es:s,er>` and which specifies three things in a single '''compound indicator''': `m` (the masculine gender); `es:s` (the genitive singular, which can end in either ''-es'' or ''-s''); and `er` (the nomininative plural, which ends in ''-er''). * If there are several inflecting words in a term, each one will be followed by its own angle bracket spec. An example is {{m+|de|schwarzes Loch||black hole}}, whose inflection spec looks like `schwarzes<+> Loch<n,es:s,^er>`. Here, the adjective ''schwarzes'' (the nominative neuter singular of {{m|de|schwarz||black}}) is followed by the angle bracket spec `<+>` specifying that it inflects as an adjective, and the noun ''Loch'' has the angle bracket spec `<n,es:s,^er>`, indicating (similarly to the above example) that it is neuter, has a genitive singular in either ''-es'' or ''-s'', and has a nominative plural in ''-er'' with umlaut, hence ''Löcher'' (the `^` specifies that the form requires umlaut). * Sometimes a given term has multiple ways of inflecting that differ in ways that can't be specified using a single angle bracket spec. This is supported using '''alternants''', which are specified using double parentheses. (This is so that terms that themselves contain parentheses can be specified without interference.) An example is {{m+|uk|русин||Rusyn}}, which can be stressed either as ''ру́син'' (stress on the first syllable and following accent paradigm ''a'', hence genitive singular ''ру́сина'') or ''руси́н'' (stress on the second syllable and following accent paradigm ''b'', hence genitive singular ''русина́''; note how the stress moves onto the ending, in accordance with the accent paradigm). This is specified using `((ру́син<pr>,руси́н<b.pr>))`, i.e. each separate the alternants with a comma and surround them with double parentheses. (Here, `pr` means that the terms belong to the personal animacy class, and `b` specifies the accent paradigm; paradigm ''a'' is the default and hence is omitted.) * Note that occasionally, parts of a single space-delimited word can inflect separately. An example is {{m+|la|rōsmarīnus||rosemary}}, which is a compound of {{m+|la|rōs||dew}} and {{m|la|marīnus||marine, of the sea}}. In this compound, both parts of the compound can inflect separately; hence genitive singular ''rōrismarīnī'', accusative singular ''rōremmarīnum'', etc. Alternatively, only the second part inflects; hence genitive singular ''rōsmarīnī'', accusative singular ''rōsmarīnum'', etc. This is specified as `((rōs/rōr<3.M>marīnus<2>,rōsmarīnus<2>))`. Here, the term {{m|la|rōs}} by itself would have inflection spec `rōs/rōr<3.M>` (indicating that it is third declension masculine with a non-nominative-singular stem ''rōr-'') and the term {{m|la|marīnus}} would have inflection spec `<2>` (indicating that it is second declension; the masculine gender is inferred from the ''-us'' ending). When combined in a single inflection spec, the doubly-inflecting alternant is written `rōs/rōr<3.M>marīnus<2>`, with each inflecting part followed by its corresponding angle bracket spec, and the singly-inflecting alternant is written `rōsmarīnus<2>`. As this example shows, the two alternants need not correspond in how many inflecting parts there are. It should also be noted that fixed text can surround an alternant and it is even possible to supply multiple alternants in a single inflection spec (e.g. if the term has two words in it and each word requires an alternant to inflect). * The result of parsing a single angle bracket spec is stored into a '''word spec'''. The structure of a word spec is fairly arbitrary and is determined by the user-written `parse_indicator_spec` function, but always contains a form table under the `forms` key that is populated during inflection (see below). A parameter or local variable that holds a word spec is conventionally named `base` for historical reasons. Word specs are grouped together into a structure termed a '''multiword spec''', which describes one or more word specs along with the fixed text in between and around the inflected words. Multiword specs are in turn grouped into structures termed '''alternant specs''', indicating the distinct alternants and the words in each alternant. Finally, multiword specs and alternant specs are grouped into an '''alternant multiword spec''', which is the top-level object describing an inflection spec. Each of these different specs has a form table in it stored in the `forms` key that is populated during the inflection process and contains the form objects that specify the inflections of this part of the full multiword term. (It should be noted that the term '''spec''' is overloaded to mean two different things: the user-specified descriptor that specifies the lemma form of the term and associated inflection, and the associated internal Lua object that encapsulates all information derived from the descriptor, along with later-generated information on how to inflect the term(s) being described.) * Among these various "spec" structures, the two most important are the top-level alternant multiword spec and the bottom-level word spec or "base". You will rarely find it necessary to manipulate the intermediate structures or concern yourself with the details of their formation. * The term ''form'' is unfortunately overloaded in various modules to mean several things. In particular, for historical reasons, the form value inside of a form object is stored using the key `form`; the form table inside of an alternant multiword spec, a word spec (or "base") and the intermediate structures is stored using the key `forms`; and the accelerator tag set is internally referred to in [[WT:ACCEL]] as a "form". To avoid confusion, the following conventions are followed in code in this module, and should be followed for code in invoking modules as well: *# Functions that accept form objects often name the relevant parameter `form` (if a single form object is required) or `forms` (if a list of form objects, aka form list, is required). *# Functions that accept abbreviated form objects should (but don't always) indicate this by naming the parameter `abform` (for a single abbreviated form object) or `abforms` (for an abbreviated form list). *# Functions that accept a form value (the native-script string portion of a form object, stored for historical reasons in the `.form` property) should '''not''' call such a parameter `form`, but instead use something that makes clear that a form value is required, such as `formval` or sometimes just `val`. *# Similarly, functions that accept a form table should '''not''' call such a parameter `forms` (although for historical reasons the form table in an alternant multiword spec is stored in the field `forms`). Instead, use `formtable` or `formtab`, or similar name that makes clear that the value is a form table (i.e. a map from slot to form list). ====Footnote handling==== Each form can have one or more attached footnotes. The form of a footnote as specified by the user and stored in form values is e.g. {"[archaic]"} or {"[only in the meaning 'to succeed (an officeholder)']"}, i.e. the string must be surrounded by brackets and should begin with a lowercase letter and not end in a period/full stop. When such footnotes are converted to actual footnotes in a table of inflected forms, the brackets will be removed, the first letter will be capitalized and a period/full stop will be added to the end. (However, when such footnotes are used as qualifiers in headword lines, only the brackets will be removed, with no capitalization or final period.) When merging two forms into one, such as when concatenating the form objects of two inflected words in a multiword term or deduplicating form objects sharing the same form value during `show_forms()`, the footnotes are generally combined as well. This means that if one form object has footnotes and the other doesn't, the resulting form object inherits the footnotes of the object that has them, and if both form objects have footnotes, the resulting form object gets all footnotes from both source form objects, with duplicates removed. However, when inserting a form into a form table slot that already has a form whose form value and translit are identical to the new form, the behavior is different. In under normal circumstances the footnotes of the new form are ''not'' incorporated into those of the existing form (if any), but are simply dropped. To understand why this makes sense, consider a term that has two possible forms of its lemma (e.g. two forms differing in stress or in vowel length), where the second form is archaic, rare, colloquial or the like, and has an attached footnote indicating this. An example of this is {{m+|ru|кожух||sheepskin coat; bullet shell}}, where the form ''кожу́х'' with accent pattern ''b'' is more common overall but the form ''ко́жух'' with accent pattern ''c(1)'' is more common among professionals. On first glance, this could be indicated using `((кожу́х&lt;b>,ко́жух<c(1).[professional usage only]>))`. But some forms of these two declensions are the same (in particular, the genitive, dative, instrumental and prepositional plural). If for these slots, the footnotes of the duplicate forms were combined (i.e. the footnotes of the second declension pattern were added to the already-existing form taken from the first declension pattern), these forms would wrongly be labeled as ''professional usage only''. For this reason, it makes more sense to drop the footnotes of the second form when deduplicating. The same sort of behavior makes sense when a single lemma can have two different declensions, the second of which requires a footnote and where some forms in the two declensions are shared. An example of this is {{m+|uk|окови́та||strong, high-quality liquor}}, which can be inflected adjectivally or (rarely) nominally. This would be indicated as `((окови́та<sg.+>,окови́та<sg.[rare]>))` where the `+` indicates adjectival declension and the `sg` indicates that this term only exists in the singular. Here, the two declensions differ in the genitive, dative/locative and vocative (respectively, adjectival ''окови́тої'', ''окови́тій'', ''окови́та'' vs. nominal ''окови́ти'', ''окови́ті'', ''окови́то'') but are the same in the accusative (''окови́ту'') and instrumental (''окови́тою''). Again, dropping the footnotes of the second form when deduplicating is correct and including them would be wrong. This behavior can be changed by attaching a '''footnote modifier''' to the footnote associated the second form. A footnote modifier is a symbol attached to the beginning of a footnote, directly following the opening bracket. The following modifiers are currently recognized: * `!` or `+`: If placed on a footnote of the second form, combine that footnote with those of the first form (if any) rather than dropping it. * `*`: If placed on a footnote of the first form, drop that footnote when merging a second form with any footnotes. An example where the `*` modifier makes sense is a modification of the above example with {{m+|ru|кожух}}. If we notated it as `((кожу́х<b.[more common among laymen]>,ко́жух<c(1).[more common among professionals]>))`, the shared forms would wrongly have the footnote ''more common among laymen'' when in fact they are the only possible forms. If instead we used `((кожу́х<b.[*more common among laymen]>,ко́жух<c(1).[more common among professionals]>))`, the shared forms would correctly have no footnote. ]==] local function extract_footnote_modifiers(footnote) local footnote_mods, footnote_without_mods = footnote:match("^%[([!*+]?)(.*)%]$") if not footnote_mods then error("Saw footnote '" .. footnote .. "' not surrounded by brackets") end return footnote_mods, footnote_without_mods end function export.deduplicate_footnotes(existing, new) if not new then return existing end -- Check to see if there are existing footnotes with *; if so, remove them. if existing then local any_footnotes_with_asterisk = false for _, footnote in ipairs(existing) do local footnote_mods, _ = extract_footnote_modifiers(footnote) if footnote_mods:find("%*") then any_footnotes_with_asterisk = true break end end if any_footnotes_with_asterisk then local filtered_footnotes = {} for _, footnote in ipairs(existing) do local footnote_mods, _ = extract_footnote_modifiers(footnote) if not footnote_mods:find("%*") then insert(filtered_footnotes, footnote) end end if #filtered_footnotes > 0 then existing = filtered_footnotes else existing = nil end end end -- The behavior here has changed; track cases where the old behavior might -- be needed by adding ! to the footnote. track("combining-footnotes") local any_footnotes_with_bang = false for _, footnote in ipairs(new) do local footnote_mods, _ = extract_footnote_modifiers(footnote) if footnote_mods:find("[!+]") then any_footnotes_with_bang = true break end end if any_footnotes_with_bang then if not existing then existing = {} else existing = shallow_copy(existing) end for _, footnote in ipairs(new) do local already_seen = false local footnote_mods, footnote_without_mods = extract_footnote_modifiers(footnote) if footnote_mods:find("[!+]") then for _, existing_footnote in ipairs(existing) do local _, existing_footnote_without_mods = extract_footnote_modifiers(existing_footnote) if existing_footnote_without_mods == footnote_without_mods then already_seen = true break end end if not already_seen then insert(existing, footnote) end end end end return existing end --[==[ Combine two sets of footnotes. If either is {nil}, just return the other, and if both are {nil}, return {nil}. ]==] function export.combine_footnotes(notes1, notes2) if not notes1 and not notes2 then return nil end if not notes1 then return notes2 end if not notes2 then return notes1 end local combined = shallow_copy(notes1) for _, note in ipairs(notes2) do insert_if_not(combined, note) end return combined end function export.combine_formobj_lists(list1, list2, metadata) if not list1 and not list2 then return nil end if not list1 then return list2 end if not list2 then return list1 end return export.insert_formobjs_into_list { existing_list = list1, formobjs = list2, metadata = metadata, } end function export.looks_like_formobj_list(list) if list == nil then return true end if type(list) ~= "table" then return false end for k, v in pairs(list) do if type(k) ~= "number" then return false end if type(v) ~= "table" then return false end if type(v.form) ~= "string" then return false end end return true end function export.looks_like_boolean(object) return object == nil or type(object) == "boolean" end function export.default_fallback_deduplicate_handler(_prop, existing, _new) return existing, true end function export.default_fallback_combine_handler(_prop, existing, new) if export.looks_like_formobj_list(existing) and export.looks_like_formobj_list(new) then return export.combine_formobj_lists(existing, new), true end if export.looks_like_boolean(existing) and export.looks_like_boolean(new) then return existing or new, true end if existing ~= nil then return existing, true end return new, true end --[=[ Default handler functions for working with form object metadata. The user-specific metadata structure has the same format. The key is a specific metadata field and the value is an object with fields specifying handlers and other properties of the metadata. The recognized per-metadata fields are: * `deduplicate`: Handler to deduplicate form objects when inserting a form object into an existing list (e.g. in a form table) and two form objects have the same form value and translit. It is passed two values, respectively the metadata property from the existing list object and the new object being inserted into the list. The default and most common behavior here is to preserve the property from the existing object, even if {nil}, and discard the value from the new object. This is what is done in footnotes, for example, unless the existing footnote is preceded by a * (meaning to discard both values) or the new one is preceded by a + (meaning to preserve and combine both values, which is not currrently used anywhere and may not make sense). This ensures, for example, that if a noun can be declined according to two paradigms and the second one is rare, the {"rare"} footnote on the second one gets discarded whenever the two paradigms coincide. * `combine`: Handler to combine form objects when deriving a new object from an existing one. This is conceptually very different from deduplication. In this situation, the existing and new objects may or may not match in form value and translit, and since the new form object is a derivative of the existing one, it should combine the metadata properties of both, preserving as much information as possible and not discarding anything. Combining footnotes, for example, means taking the footnotes from either one, and if both exising and new objects have footnotes, merging the two lists and removing duplicates. (The only exception is if a new footnote is preceded by !, which causes existing footnotes to be discarded. This is termed an ''override'', and allows e.g. for one form of a paradigm to override the footnote associated with the paradigm as a whole, as for example if a paradigm is archaic except for one of the forms.) The default `combine` strategy is as follows: *# If both the existing and new objects are {nil} or "look like" form object lists (i.e. are tables where all keys are numeric and all values are tables with a `form` key whose value is a string), combine them using `insert_formobjs_into_list`. *# If both the existing and new objects are {nil} or boolean, combine them using `A or B`. *# Otherwise, take the existing value if it is non-{nil}, and if not, take the new value. Note that this means that the existing value will be kept even if it is {false} (which would not happen if the new value were {true}); this allows for metadata where {false} is a special signal and keys are otherwise strings or objects. However, in general if the metadata objects are not boolean and not form object lists, they will need a custom combine handler. Some keys in the metadata handler object are special: * `*`: This provides "fallback" handlers. These handlers are called for all metadata fields without dedicated handlers. These handlers work similar to normal `deduplicate` and `combine` handlers except (a) they are passed three values, first the metadata property name and then the existing and new values; (b) they should return two values, first the appropriate merged value and second a boolean indicating whether the property was handled. (If {false} is returned, the first value is ignored and should be {nil}.) Dedicated and fallback handlers are called in the following order: (1) dedicated user-specified handlers; (2) dedicated default handlers; (3) fallback user-specified handlers; (4) fallback default handlers. This ensures that standard dedicated default handlers (particularly for footnotes) get run prior to the user-specified fallback handlers; otherwise, practically all such fallback handlers will need to check for and ignore footnotes. * `_side_effect_formobjs`: If true, existing form objects can be side-effected during deduplication or combining. This requires that two logically distinct form objects in a given form table never have the same reference. (Generally two such objects should be in different slots. If two references to the same object occur in different positions in the list of form objects under a single slot, it indicates an internal error in the deduplication mechanism.) This means that user code that generates form objects for insertion into a table must take care never to reuse existing form objects (e.g. when setting one slot equal to another slot), but must always shallow-copy the form objects. This is not the default for this reason, and in fact it's not clear that implementing this results in any efficiency gain (it may actually be the reverse, since form objects have to be copied that could otherwise be shared). ]=] local default_metadata_handlers = { footnotes = { deduplicate = export.deduplicate_footnotes, combine = export.combine_footnotes, }, ["*"] = { deduplicate = export.default_fallback_deduplicate_handler, combine = export.default_fallback_combine_handler, } } local function is_non_metadata_property(k) return k == "form" or k == "translit" end -- Call the appropriate handler for merging the metadata for property `prop` with values `existing_val` and `new_val`, -- using method `method` (either "deduplicate" or "combine"). `metadata` is the structure describing all properties of -- all metadata in a given form object. This looks for, in order: -- 1. A handler for the specific property in `metadata`. -- 2. A default handler for the specific property. -- 3. A fallback handler in `metadata`. -- 4. A default fallback handler. -- Return the new value. local function call_merge_metadata_handler(metadata, prop, method, existing_val, new_val) local function try_specific(handler_struct, prop) if handler_struct and handler_struct[prop] and handler_struct[prop][method] then return (handler_struct[prop][method](existing_val, new_val)), true end return nil, false end local function try_fallback(handler_struct, prop) if handler_struct and handler_struct["*"] and handler_struct["*"][method] then -- Two values are returned from the handler, the new value and whether the property was handled. return handler_struct["*"][method](prop, existing_val, new_val) end return nil, false end local retval, matched = try_specific(metadata, prop) if matched then return retval end retval, matched = try_specific(default_metadata_handlers, prop) if matched then return retval end retval, matched = try_fallback(metadata, prop) if matched then return retval end retval, matched = try_fallback(default_metadata_handlers, prop) return retval end -- Merge the metadata of two form objects using `method` (either "deduplicate" or "combine"). `metadata` is the -- structure describing all properties of all metadata in a given form object. Metadata is merged between -- `existing_formobj` (on the left) and `new_formobj` (on the right), and is normally stored into `existing_formobj`, -- but will be stored into `new_formobj` if `merge_into_new` is given. If `metadata` allows for side-effecting, the -- changes will be made by side-effecting the object to be changed; otherwise, a shallow copy of the object will be -- made if necessary (only if the new value is not equal to the existing value). Returns two values, the changed form -- object (which may be the same as one of the passed-in objects) and a flag which is true if a copy was made of a form -- object. local function merge_metadata(metadata, method, existing_formobj, new_formobj, merge_into_new) local props_of_either = nil for k, _ in pairs(existing_formobj) do if not is_non_metadata_property(k) then props_of_either = props_of_either or {} props_of_either[k] = true end end for k, _ in pairs(new_formobj) do if not is_non_metadata_property(k) then props_of_either = props_of_either or {} props_of_either[k] = true end end local store_object = merge_into_new and new_formobj or existing_formobj if props_of_either then if metadata._side_effect_formobjs then for k, _ in pairs(props_of_either) do store_object[k] = call_merge_metadata_handler(metadata, k, method, existing_formobj[k], new_formobj[k]) end else local need_to_copy = false local new_values = {} for k, _ in pairs(props_of_either) do local newval = call_merge_metadata_handler(metadata, k, method, existing_formobj[k], new_formobj[k]) if newval ~= store_object[k] and not m_table.deepEquals(newval, store_object[k]) then need_to_copy = true end new_values[k] = newval end if need_to_copy then store_object = shallow_copy(store_object) for k, _ in pairs(props_of_either) do store_object[k] = new_values[k] end end return store_object, need_to_copy end else return store_object, false end end --[==[ Insert a form object (see above) into a list of such objects. If the form is already present (i.e. both the form value and translit, if any, match), the footnotes of the existing and new form might be combined (specifically, footnotes in the new form beginning with `+` will be combined). ]==] function export.insert_formobj_into_list(data) local existing_list = data.existing_list local formobj = data.formobj -- Don't do anything if the form object is nil. if not formobj then return existing_list end for i, existing_formobj in ipairs(existing_list) do if existing_formobj.form == formobj.form and existing_formobj.translit == formobj.translit then local new_existing, copied = merge_metadata(data.metadata, "deduplicate", existing_formobj, formobj) if copied then local list_copy = shallow_copy(existing_list) list_copy[i] = new_existing return list_copy end return existing_list end end -- Form not found. insert(existing_list, formobj) return existing_list end --[==[ Insert a list of form objects (see above) into an existing list of such objects. ``forms`` can be {nil}, in which case nothing happens. This is equivalent to calling `insert_form_into_list` for each form object. ]==] function export.insert_formobjs_into_list(data) local existing_list = data.existing_list local formobjs = data.formobjs if not formobjs then return existing_list end for _, formobj in ipairs(formobjs) do existing_list = export.insert_formobj_into_list { existing_list = existing_list, formobj = formobj, metadata = data.metadata, } end return existing_list end --[==[ Insert a form object (see above) into the given slot in the given form table. On input, `data` is an object with the following fields: * `formtable`: A form table (see above). * `slot`: A slot in the form table, i.e. a key whose value is a form object list. * `formobj`: A form object to be inserted into the slot. Can be {nil}, in which case nothing happens. * `metadata`: The metadata structure describing how to combine user-specified metadata. Can be {nil} if there is no user-specified metadata or the default fallback metadata handlers are sufficient (which is usually the case if the all user-specified metadata is boolean). ]==] function export.insert_formobj_into_form_table(data) local formtable, slot, formobj, metadata = data.formtable, data.slot, data.formobj, data.metadata -- Don't do anything if the form object is nil. if not formobj then return end if not formtable[slot] then formtable[slot] = {} end formtable[slot] = export.insert_formobj_into_list { existing_list = formtable[slot], formobj = formobj, metadata = metadata, } end --[==[ Insert a list of form objects (see above) into the given slot in the given form table. On input, `data` is an object with the following fields: * `formtable`: A form table (see above). * `slot`: A slot in the form table, i.e. a key whose value is a form object list. * `formobjs`: A list of form objects (in "full list" form) to be inserted into the slot. Can be {nil} or an empty list, in which case nothing happens. * `metadata`: The metadata structure describing how to combine user-specified metadata. Can be {nil} if there is no user-specified metadata or the default fallback metadata handlers are sufficient (which is usually the case if the all user-specified metadata is boolean). ]==] function export.insert_formobjs_into_form_table(data) local formtable, slot, formobjs, metadata = data.formtable, data.slot, data.formobjs, data.metadata if not formobjs or not formobjs[1] then return end if not formtable[slot] then formtable[slot] = {} end formtable[slot] = export.insert_formobjs_into_list { existing_list = formtable[slot], formobjs = formobjs, metadata = metadata, } end --[==[ Flatmap a function over a list of form objects and return the (potentially flattened) results. Flatmapping is like a normal mapping operation except that the function being called may return a list, and all values returned are concatenated into a single flattened list. On input, `data` is an object with the following fields: * `formobjs`: A list of form objects to map over, in "full list form" (see above). * `fn`: The function to map over each form object. If a form object's value is {"?"}, the form object is preserved on output and the function is not called. Otherwise, the function is called with one argument, the form object, and should {nil} (equivalent to returning an empty list) or an abbreviated form list (i.e. anything that is convertible into a full list form, such as a single form value, a list of form values, a form object or a list of form objects). For each form object in the return value, the metadata of the object mapped over is combined with the metadata of the returned object, unless `no_combine_metadata` is given. The resulting form objects from all function calls are flattened into a list and deduplicated in the same fashion as `insert_formobj_into_list()` (in case two different form objects map to the same form value). * `metadata`: The metadata structure describing how to combine user-specified metadata. Can be {nil} if there is no user-specified metadata or the default fallback metadata handlers are sufficient (which is usually the case if the all user-specified metadata is boolean). * `no_combine_metadata`: See `fn` above. If given, metadata from objects mapped over will not be combined into the returned objects. NOTE: There is no `map_formobjs` function provided because `flatmap_formobjs` will correctly handle functions that return single form objects. ]==] function export.flatmap_formobjs(data) local formobjs, fn, metadata, no_combine_metadata = data.formobjs, data.fn, data.metadata, data.no_combine_metadata if not formobjs then return nil end local retval = {} for _, formobj in ipairs(formobjs) do local funret if formobj.form == "?" then if metadata and metadata._side_effect_formobjs then funret = shallow_copy(formobj) else funret = formobj end else funret = fn(formobj) end if funret then funret = export.convert_to_full_list_form(funret) for _, fr in ipairs(funret) do if not no_combine_metadata then fr = merge_metadata(metadata, "combine", formobj, fr, "merge_into_new") end retval = export.insert_formobj_into_list { existing_list = retval, formobj = fr, metadata = metadata, } end end end return retval end --[==[ Insert a form object (see above) into a list of such objects. If the form is already present (i.e. both the form value and translit, if any, match), the footnotes of the existing and new form might be combined (specifically, footnotes in the new form beginning with `!` will be combined). ]==] function export.insert_form_into_list(list, form) -- Don't do anything if the form object or the form inside it is nil. This simplifies -- form insertion in the presence of inflection generating functions that may return nil, -- such as generate_noun_vocative() and generate_noun_count_form(). if not form or not form.form then return end for _, listform in ipairs(list) do if listform.form == form.form and listform.translit == form.translit then listform.footnotes = export.deduplicate_footnotes(listform.footnotes, form.footnotes) return end end -- Form not found. insert(list, form) end --[==[ Insert a list of form objects (see above) into an existing list of such objects. ``forms`` can be {nil}, in which case nothing happens. This is equivalent to calling `insert_form_into_list` for each form object. ]==] function export.insert_forms_into_list(list, forms) if not forms then return end for _, form in ipairs(forms) do export.insert_form_into_list(list, form) end end --[==[ Insert a form object (see above) into the given slot in the given form table. ``form`` can be {nil}, in which case nothing happens. ]==] function export.insert_form(formtable, slot, form) -- Don't do anything if the form object or the form inside it is nil. This simplifies -- form insertion in the presence of inflection generating functions that may return nil, -- such as generate_noun_vocative() and generate_noun_count_form(). if not form or not form.form then return end if not formtable[slot] then formtable[slot] = {} end export.insert_form_into_list(formtable[slot], form) end --[==[ Insert a list of form objects (see above) into the given slot in the given form table. ``forms`` can be {nil}, in which case nothing happens. ]==] function export.insert_forms(formtable, slot, forms) if not forms then return end for _, form in ipairs(forms) do export.insert_form(formtable, slot, form) end end --[==[ Identity mapping function. ]==] function export.identity(formval, translit) return formval, translit end local function form_value_transliterable(formval) return formval ~= "?" and formval ~= "—" end local function call_map_function_str(str, fun) if str == "?" then return "?" end local newformval, newtranslit = fun(str) if newtranslit then return {form=newformval, translit=newtranslit} else return newformval end end -- FIXME: This doesn't correctly handle metadata. local function call_map_function_obj(form, fun) if form.form == "?" then return {form = "?", footnotes = form.footnotes} end local newformval, newtranslit = fun(form.form, form.translit) return {form = newformval, translit = newtranslit, footnotes = form.footnotes} end --[==[ Map a function over the form values in ``forms`` (a list of form objects in "full list form"; see above). If an input form value is {"?"}, it is preserved on output and the function is not called. Otherwise, the function is called with two arguments, the original form and manual translit; if manual translit isn't relevant, it's fine to declare the function with only one argument. The return value is either a single value (the new form) or two values (the new form and new manual translit). The footnotes (if any) from the input form objects are preserved on output. Uses `insert_form_into_list()` to insert the resulting form objects into the returned list in case two different forms map to the same thing. FIXME: Expand this to correctly handle metadata, or create a variant that correctly handles metadata. ]==] function export.map_forms(forms, fun) if not forms then return nil end local retval = {} for _, form in ipairs(forms) do export.insert_form_into_list(retval, call_map_function_obj(form, fun)) end return retval end --[==[ Map a list-returning function over the form values in ``forms`` (a list of form objects in "full list form"; see above). If an input form value is {"?"}, it is preserved on output and the function is not called. Otherwise, the function is called with two arguments, the original form and manual translit; if manual translit isn't relevant, it's fine to declare the function with only one argument. The return value of the function can be {nil} or an abbreviated form list (i.e. anything that is convertible into a full list form, such as a single form value, a list of form values, a form object or a list of form objects). For each form object in the return value, the footnotes of that form object (if any) are combined with any footnotes from the input form object, and the result inserted into the returned list using `insert_form_into_list()` in case two different forms map to the same thing. ]==] function export.flatmap_forms(forms, fun) if not forms then return nil end local retval = {} for _, form in ipairs(forms) do local funret = form.form == "?" and form or fun(form.form, form.translit) if funret then funret = export.convert_to_general_list_form(funret) for _, fr in ipairs(funret) do local newform = { form = fr.form, translit = fr.translit, footnotes = export.combine_footnotes(form.footnotes, fr.footnotes) } export.insert_form_into_list(retval, newform) end end end return retval end --[==[ Map a function over the form values in ``abforms`` (an abbreviated form list). If the input form value is {"?"}, it is preserved on output and the function is not called. If ``first_only`` is given and ``abforms`` is a list, only map over the first element. Return value is of the same form as ``abforms``, unless ``abforms`` is a string and the function returns both form value and manual translit (in which case the return value is a form object). The function is called with two arguments, the original form value and manual translit; if manual translit isn't relevant, it's fine to declare the function with only one argument. The return value is either a single value (the new form value) or two values (the new form value and new manual translit). The footnotes (if any) from the input form objects are preserved on output. FIXME: This function is used only in [[Module:bg-verb]] and should be moved into that module. ]==] function export.map_form_or_forms(abforms, fun, first_only) if not abforms then return nil elseif type(abforms) == "string" then return call_map_function_str(abforms, fun) elseif abforms.form then return call_map_function_obj(abforms, fun) else local retval = {} for i, abform in ipairs(abforms) do if first_only then return export.map_form_or_forms(abform, fun) end insert(retval, export.map_form_or_forms(abform, fun)) end return retval end end --[==[ Expand a given footnote (as specified by the user, including the surrounding brackets) into the form to be inserted into the final generated table. If ``no_parse_refs`` is not given and the footnote is a reference (of the form {"[ref:...]"}), parse and return the specified reference(s). Two values are returned, `footnote_string` (the expanded footnote, or nil if the second value is present) and `references` (a list of objects of the form `{text = ``text``, name = ``name``, group = ``group``}` if the footnote is a reference and ``no_parse_refs`` is not given, otherwise {nil}). Unless ``return_raw`` is given, the returned footnote string is capitalized and has a final period added. ]==] function export.expand_footnote_or_references(note, return_raw, no_parse_refs) local _, notetext = extract_footnote_modifiers(note) if not no_parse_refs and notetext:find("^ref:") then -- a reference notetext = notetext:gsub("^ref:", "") local parsed_refs = require("Module:references").parse_references(notetext) for i, ref in ipairs(parsed_refs) do if type(ref) == "string" then parsed_refs[i] = {text = ref} end end return nil, parsed_refs end if footnote_abbrevs[notetext] then notetext = footnote_abbrevs[notetext] track("footnote-whole-abbrev") else local split_notes = split(notetext, "<(.-)>") for i, split_note in ipairs(split_notes) do if i % 2 == 0 then split_notes[i] = footnote_abbrevs[split_note] track("footnote-angle-bracket-abbrev") if not split_notes[i] then -- Don't error for now, because HTML might be in the footnote. -- Instead we should switch the syntax here to e.g. <<a>> to avoid -- conflicting with HTML. split_notes[i] = "<" .. split_note .. ">" track("footnote-unrecognized-angle-bracket-abbrev") --error("Unrecognized footnote abbrev: <" .. split_note .. ">") else track("footnote-recognized-angle-bracket-abbrev") end end end notetext = concat(split_notes) end return return_raw and notetext or ucfirst(notetext) .. "。" end --[==[ Convert a list of foonotes to qualifiers and references for use in [[Module:headword]] or similar. Returns two values, a list of qualifiers (possibly {nil}) and a list of reference structures (possibly {nil}), following the structure defined in [[Module:references]]). ]==] function export.convert_footnotes_to_qualifiers_and_references(footnotes) if not footnotes then return nil end local quals, refs for _, qualifier in ipairs(footnotes) do local this_footnote, this_refs = export.expand_footnote_or_references(qualifier, "return raw") if this_refs then if not refs then refs = this_refs else for _, ref in ipairs(this_refs) do insert(refs, ref) end end else if not quals then quals = {this_footnote} else insert(quals, this_footnote) end end end return quals, refs end --[==[ Combine an abbreviated form object (either a string or a table) with additional footnotes, possibly replacing the form value and/or translit in the process. Normally called in one of two ways: (1) `combine_form_and_footnotes(``form_obj``, ``addl_footnotes``, ``new_form``, ``new_translit``)` where ``form_obj`` is an existing abbreviated form object; ``addl_footnotes`` is either {nil}, a single string (a footnote) or a list of footnotes; ``new_formval`` is either {nil} or the new form value to substitute; and ``new_translit`` is either {nil} or the new translit string to substitute. (2) `combine_form_and_footnotes(``form_value``, ``footnotes``)`, where ``form_value`` is a form value (a string) and ``footnotes`` is either {nil}, a single string (a footnote) or a list of footnotes. In either case, a form object is returned, preserving as many properties as possible from any existing form object in ``abform``. Do the minimal amount of work; e.g. if ``abform`` is a form object and ``addl_footnotes``, ``new_formval`` and ``new_translit`` are all {nil}, the same object as passed in is returned. Under no circumstances is the existing form object side-effected. '''FIXME:''' This does not correctly preserve metadata. ]==] function export.combine_form_and_footnotes(abform, addl_footnotes, new_formval, new_translit) if type(addl_footnotes) == "string" then addl_footnotes = {addl_footnotes} end if not addl_footnotes and not new_formval and not new_translit then return abform end if type(abform) == "string" then new_formval = new_formval or abform return {form = new_formval, translit = new_translit, footnotes = addl_footnotes} end abform = shallow_copy(abform) if new_formval then abform.form = new_formval end if new_translit then abform.translit = new_translit end if addl_footnotes then abform.footnotes = export.combine_footnotes(abform.footnotes, addl_footnotes) end return abform end --[==[ Convert an abbreviated form list (either a string, form object, or list of either) into full list form. This function does not side-effect any of the objects passed into ``abforms``, but will return ``abforms`` unchanged if already in full list form. ]==] function export.convert_to_full_list_form(abforms) if type(abforms) == "string" then return {{form = abforms}} elseif abforms.form then return {abforms} else -- Check if already in full list form and return directly if so. local must_convert = false for _, form in ipairs(abforms) do if type(form) == "string" then must_convert = true break end end if not must_convert then return abforms end end local retval = {} for _, form in ipairs(abforms) do if type(form) == "string" then insert(retval, {form = form}) else insert(retval, form) end end return retval end --[==[ Convert an abbreviated form list (either a string, form object, or list of either) into full list form. If ``footnotes`` is supplied, then for each form in the form list, combine the form's footnotes with ``footnotes``. This function does not side-effect any of the objects passed into ``abforms``, but will return ``abforms`` unchanged if already in full list form and ``footnotes`` is {nil}. '''FIXME:''' This does not correctly preserve metadata. ]==] function export.convert_to_general_list_form(abforms, footnotes) if type(footnotes) == "string" then footnotes = {footnotes} end if type(abforms) == "string" then return {{form = abforms, footnotes = footnotes}} elseif abforms.form then return {export.combine_form_and_footnotes(abforms, footnotes)} elseif not footnotes then -- Check if already in full list form and return directly if so. local must_convert = false for _, form in ipairs(abforms) do if type(form) == "string" then must_convert = true break end end if not must_convert then return abforms end end local retval = {} for _, form in ipairs(abforms) do if type(form) == "string" then insert(retval, {form = form, footnotes = footnotes}) else insert(retval, export.combine_form_and_footnotes(form, footnotes)) end end return retval end local function is_table_of_strings(forms) for k, v in pairs(forms) do if type(k) ~= "number" or type(v) ~= "string" then return false end end return true end local function lang_or_func_transliterate(func, lang, text) local retval if func then retval = func(text) else retval = (lang:transliterate(text)) end -- FIXME! Hack to work around bug in ...:transliterate(). Remove me as soon as this bug is fixed. if not retval and (text == " " or text == "-" or text == "-́" or text == "?" or text == "-∅") then retval = text end if not retval then error(("Unable to transliterate text '%s'"):format(text)) end return retval end --[==[ Combine ``stems`` and ``endings`` and store into slot ``slot`` of form table ``formtable``. Either of ``stems`` and ``endings`` can be {nil} or an abbreviated form list. The combination of a given stem and ending happens using ``combine_stem_ending``, which takes two parameters (stem and ending, each a string) and returns one value (a string). If manual transliteration is present in either ``stems`` or ``endings``, ``lang`` (a language object or a function of one argument to transliterate a string) along with ``combine_stem_ending_tr`` (a function for combining manual transliterations that works much like ``combine_stem_ending``) must be given. ``footnotes``, if specified, is a list of additional footnotes to attach to the resulting inflections (stem+ending combinations). The resulting inflections are inserted into the form table using `insert_form()`, in case of duplication. ]==] function export.add_forms(formtable, slot, stems, endings, combine_stem_ending, lang, combine_stem_ending_tr, footnotes) if stems == nil or endings == nil then return end local function combine(stem, ending) if stem == "?" or ending == "?" then return "?" end return combine_stem_ending(stem, ending) end local function transliterate(text) return lang_or_func_transliterate(is_callable(lang) and lang or nil, lang, text) end if type(stems) == "string" and type(endings) == "string" then export.insert_form(formtable, slot, {form = combine(stems, endings), footnotes = footnotes}) elseif type(stems) == "string" and is_table_of_strings(endings) then for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do export.insert_form(formtable, slot, {form = combine(stems, ending), footnotes = footnotes}) end else stems = export.convert_to_general_list_form(stems) endings = export.convert_to_general_list_form(endings, footnotes) for _, stem in ipairs(stems) do for _, ending in ipairs(endings) do local new_footnotes = nil if stem.footnotes and ending.footnotes then new_footnotes = shallow_copy(stem.footnotes) for _, footnote in ipairs(ending.footnotes) do insert_if_not(new_footnotes, footnote) end elseif stem.footnotes then new_footnotes = stem.footnotes elseif ending.footnotes then new_footnotes = ending.footnotes end local new_form = combine(stem.form, ending.form) local new_translit if new_form ~= "?" and (stem.translit or ending.translit) then if not lang or not combine_stem_ending_tr then error("Internal error: With manual translit, 'lang' and 'combine_stem_ending_tr' must be passed to 'add_forms'") end local stem_tr = stem.translit or transliterate(m_links.remove_links(stem.form)) local ending_tr = ending.translit or transliterate(m_links.remove_links(ending.form)) new_translit = combine_stem_ending_tr(stem_tr, ending_tr) end export.insert_form(formtable, slot, {form = new_form, translit = new_translit, footnotes = new_footnotes}) end end end end --[==[ Combine any number of form components and store into slot ``slot`` of form table ``formtable``. ``components`` is a list of abbreviated form lists which should be concatenated similarly to how `add_forms()` does it, and stored in ``slot`` along with any footnotes in ``footnotes``. More specifically: # If there are no components, nothing happens. # If there is one component, it is converted to full list form and `insert_forms()` called. # If there are two components, they are treated as stems and endings respectively and `add_forms()` is called. # If there are three or more components, they are concatenated left-to-right in the manner of a `reduce()` operation: the first two components are combined using `add_forms()` and stored into a temporary table, then the next component is combined with the result of the previous operation, etc. In the last combination, footnotes in `footnotes` are combined in, and the result stored into `formtable`. This should generally be used when you are likely to have three or more components, as in [[Module:ar-verb]] (prefixes, stems and endings) and [[Module:de-verb]] (which in some situations has five components combined together). ``combine_stem_ending``, ``lang``, ``combine_stem_ending_tr`` and ``footnotes`` are as in `add_forms()`. ]==] function export.add_multiple_forms(formtable, slot, components, combine_stem_ending, lang, combine_stem_ending_tr, footnotes) if #components == 0 then return elseif #components == 1 then local forms = export.convert_to_general_list_form(components[1], footnotes) export.insert_forms(formtable, slot, forms) elseif #components == 2 then local stems = components[1] local endings = components[2] export.add_forms(formtable, slot, stems, endings, combine_stem_ending, lang, combine_stem_ending_tr, footnotes) else local prev = components[1] for i=2, #components do local temptable = {} export.add_forms(temptable, slot, prev, components[i], combine_stem_ending, lang, combine_stem_ending_tr, i == #components and footnotes or nil) prev = temptable[slot] end export.insert_forms(formtable, slot, prev) end end local function iterate_slot_list_or_table(props, do_slot) if props.slot_list then for _, slot_and_accel_tag_set in ipairs(props.slot_list) do local slot, accel_tag_set = unpack(slot_and_accel_tag_set) do_slot(slot, accel_tag_set) end else for slot, accel_tag_set in pairs(props.slot_table) do do_slot(slot, accel_tag_set) end end end function export.default_split_bracketed_runs_into_words(bracketed_runs, data) -- If the text begins with a hyphen, include the hyphen in the set of allowed characters -- for an inflected segment. This way, e.g. conjugating "-ir" is treated as a regular -- -ir verb rather than a hyphen + irregular [[ir]]. local is_suffix = (not data or data.text_index == 1) and bracketed_runs[1]:find("^%-") local split_pattern = is_suffix and " " or "[ %-]" return put.split_alternating_runs(bracketed_runs, split_pattern, "preserve splitchar") end local function props_transliterate(props, text) return lang_or_func_transliterate(props.transliterate, props.lang, text) end local function parse_before_or_post_text(data) -- NOTE: data.text_index is also used (in `default_split_bracketed_runs_into_words`). local props, text, segments, lemma_is_last = data.props, data.text, data.segments, data.lemma_is_last -- Call parse_balanced_segment_run() to keep multiword links together. local bracketed_runs = put.parse_balanced_segment_run(text, "[", "]") -- Split normally on space or hyphen (but customizable). Use preserve_splitchar so we know whether the separator was -- a space or hyphen. local space_separated_groups if props.split_bracketed_runs_into_words then space_separated_groups = props.split_bracketed_runs_into_words(bracketed_runs) end if not space_separated_groups then space_separated_groups = export.default_split_bracketed_runs_into_words(bracketed_runs, data) end local parsed_components = {} local parsed_components_translit = {} local saw_manual_translit = false local lemma for j, space_separated_group in ipairs(space_separated_groups) do local component = concat(space_separated_group) if lemma_is_last and j == #space_separated_groups then lemma = component if lemma == "" and not props.allow_blank_lemma then error("Word is blank: '" .. concat(segments) .. "'") end elseif component:find("//") then -- Manual translit or respelling specified. if not props.lang then error("Manual translit not allowed for this language; if this is incorrect, 'props.lang' must be set internally") end saw_manual_translit = true local split_components = split(component, "//", "plain") if #split_components ~= 2 then error("Term with translit or respelling should have only one // in it: " .. component) end local translit component, translit = unpack(split_components) if props.transliterate_respelling then translit = props.transliterate_respelling(translit) end insert(parsed_components, component) insert(parsed_components_translit, translit) else insert(parsed_components, component) insert(parsed_components_translit, false) -- signal that it may need later transliteration end end if saw_manual_translit then for j, parsed_component in ipairs(parsed_components) do if not parsed_components_translit[j] then parsed_components_translit[j] = props_transliterate(props, m_links.remove_links(parsed_component)) end end end text = concat(parsed_components) local translit if saw_manual_translit then translit = concat(parsed_components_translit) end return text, translit, lemma end --[=[ Parse a segmented multiword spec such as "[[медичний|меди́чна]]<+> [[сестра́]]<*,*#.pr>" (in Ukrainian). "Segmented" here means it is broken up on <...> segments using parse_balanced_segment_run(text, "<", ">"), e.g. the above text would be passed in as {"[[медичний|меди́чна]]", "<+>", " [[сестра́]]", "<*,*#.pr>", ""}. The return value is a table of the form { word_specs = {``word_spec``, ``word_spec``, ...}, post_text = "``text-at-end``", post_text_no_links = "``text-at-end-no-links``", post_text_translit = "``manual-translit-of-text-at-end``" or nil (if no manual translit or respelling was specified in the post-text) } where ``word_spec`` describes an individual inflected word and "``text-at-end``" is any raw text that may occur after all inflected words. Individual words or linked text (including multiword text) may be given manual transliteration or respelling in languages that support this using ``text``//``translit`` or ``text``//``respelling``. Each ``word_spec`` is of the form returned by parse_indicator_spec(): { lemma = "``lemma``", before_text = "``text-before-word``", before_text_no_links = "``text-before-word-no-links``", before_text_translit = "``manual-translit-of-text-before-word``" or nil (if no manual translit or respelling was specified in the before-text) -- Fields as described in parse_indicator_spec() ... } For example, the return value for "[[медичний|меди́чна]]<+> [[сестра́]]<*,*#.pr>" is { word_specs = { { lemma = "[[медичний|меди́чна]]", overrides = {}, adj = true, before_text = "", before_text_no_links = "", forms = {}, }, { lemma = "[[сестра́]]", overrides = {}, stresses = { { reducible = true, genpl_reversed = false, }, { reducible = true, genpl_reversed = true, }, }, animacy = "pr", before_text = " ", before_text_no_links = " ", forms = {}, }, }, post_text = "", post_text_no_links = "", } ]=] local function parse_multiword_spec(segments, props, disable_allow_default_indicator) local multiword_spec = { word_specs = {} } if not disable_allow_default_indicator then if #segments == 1 then if props.allow_default_indicator then insert(segments, "<>") insert(segments, "") elseif props.angle_brackets_omittable then segments[1] = "<" .. segments[1] .. ">" insert(segments, 1, "") insert(segments, "") end end end -- Loop over every other segment. The even-numbered segments are angle-bracket specs while -- the odd-numbered segments are the text between them. for i = 2, #segments - 1, 2 do local before_text, before_text_translit, lemma = parse_before_or_post_text { props = props, text = segments[i - 1], text_index = i - 1, segments = segments, lemma_is_last = true } local base = props.parse_indicator_spec(segments[i], lemma) base.before_text = before_text base.before_text_no_links = m_links.remove_links(base.before_text) base.before_text_translit = before_text_translit base.lemma = base.lemma or lemma insert(multiword_spec.word_specs, base) end multiword_spec.post_text, multiword_spec.post_text_translit = parse_before_or_post_text { props = props, text = segments[#segments], text_index = #segments, segments = segments, lemma_is_last = false } multiword_spec.post_text_no_links = m_links.remove_links(multiword_spec.post_text) return multiword_spec end --[=[ Parse an alternant, e.g. "((родо́вий,родови́й))" or "((ру́син<pr>,руси́н<b.pr>))" (both in Ukrainian). The return value is a table of the form { alternants = {``multiword_spec``, ``multiword_spec``, ...} } where ``multiword_spec`` describes a given alternant and is as returned by parse_multiword_spec(). ]=] local function parse_alternant(alternant, props) local alternant_text = alternant:match("^%(%((.*)%)%)$") local segments = put.parse_balanced_segment_run(alternant_text, "<", ">") local comma_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs(segments, "%s*,%s*") local alternant_spec = {alternants = {}} for _, comma_separated_group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do insert(alternant_spec.alternants, parse_multiword_spec(comma_separated_group, props)) end return alternant_spec end --[==[ Top-level parsing function. Parse text describing one or more inflected words. `text` is the inflected text to parse, which generally has `<...>` specs following words to be inflected, and may have alternants indicated using double parens. Examples: * {"[[медичний|меди́чна]]<+> [[сестра́]]<*,*#.pr>"} (Ukrainian, for {{m|uk|меди́чна сестра́||nurse|lit=medical sister}}); * {"((ру́син<pr>,руси́н<b.pr>))"} (Ukrainian, for {{m|uk|русин||Rusyn}}, with two possible stress patterns); * {"पंचायती//पंचाय*ती राज<M>"} (Hindi, for {{m|hi|पंचायती राज||village council}}, with phonetic respelling in the before-text component); * {"((<M>,<M.plstem:फ़तूह.dirpl:फ़तूह>))"} (Hindi, for {{m|hi|फ़तह||win, victory}} when used on that page, where the lemma is omitted and taken from the pagename); * {""} (for any number of Hindi adjectives, where the lemma is omitted and taken from the pagename, and the angle bracket spec <> is assumed); * {"काला<+>धन<M>"} (Hindi, for {{m|hi|कालाधन||black money}}, showing that closed compounds where each part is declined can be correctly handled). `props` is an object specifying properties used during parsing, as follows: ```{ parse_indicator_spec = __function__(``angle_bracket_spec``, ``lemma``) `''(required)''`, lang = __lang object__, transliterate_respelling = __function__(``respelling_or_translit``) `''(optional)''`, split_bracketed_runs_into_words = __function__(``bracket_split_runs``) `''(optional)''`, allow_default_indicator = __boolean__, angle_brackets_omittable = __boolean__, allow_blank_lemma = __boolean__, }``` `parse_indicator_spec` is a required function that takes two arguments, a string surrounded by angle brackets and the lemma, and should return an arbitrary object containing properties describing the indicators inside of the angle brackets). This object is often called a '''base''' and given the argument name `base` in inflection code. `lang` is the language object for the language in question; only needed if manual translit or respelling may be present using `//`. `transliterate_respelling` is a function that is only needed if respelling is allowed in place of manual translit after `//`. It takes one argument, the respelling or translit, and should return the transliteration of any respelling but return any translit unchanged. `split_bracketed_runs_into_words` is an optional function to split the passed-in text into words. It is used, for example, to determine what text constitutes a word when followed by an angle-bracket spec, i.e. what the lemma to be inflected is vs. surrounding fixed text. It takes one argument, the result of splitting the original text on brackets, and should return alternating runs of words and split characters, or nil to apply the default algorithm. Specifically, the value passed in is the result of calling `parse_balanced_segment_run(``text``, "[", "]")` from [[Module:parse utilities]] on the original text, and the default version of this function calls `split_alternating_runs(``bracketed_runs``, ``pattern``, "preserve splitchar")`, where ``bracketed_runs`` is the value passed in and ``pattern`` splits on either spaces or hyphens (unless the text begins with a hyphen, in which case splitting is only on spaces, so that suffixes can be inflected). `allow_default_indicator` should be {true} if an empty indicator in angle brackets `<>` can be omitted and should be automatically added at the end of the multiword text (if no alternants) or at the end of each alternant (if alternants present). `angle_brackets_omittable` should be {true} if angle brackets can be omitted around a non-empty indicator in the presence of a blank lemma. In this case, if the combined indicator spec has no angle brackets, they will be added around the indicator (or around all indicators, if alternants are present). This only makes sense when `allow_blank_lemma` is specified. `allow_blank_lemma` should be {true} of if a blank lemma is allowed; in such a case, the calling function should substitute a default lemma, typically taken from the pagename. The return value is a table referred to as an '''alternant multiword spec''', and is of the form ```{ alternant_or_word_specs = {``alternant_or_word_spec``, ``alternant_or_word_spec``, ...}, post_text = "``text_at_end``", post_text_no_links = "``text_at_end_no_links``", post_text_translit = "``translit_of_text_at_end``" `(or nil)`, }``` where `alternant_or_word_spec` is either an '''alternant spec''' as returned by `parse_alternant()` or a '''multiword spec''' as described in the comment above `parse_multiword_spec()`. An alternant spec looks as follows: ```{ alternants = {``multiword_spec``, ``multiword_spec``, ...}, before_text = "``text_before_alternant``", before_text_no_links = "``text_before_alternant``", before_text_translit = "``translit_of_text_before_alternant``" `(or nil)`, }``` i.e. it is like what is returned by `parse_alternant()` but has extra `before_text` and `before_text_no_links` fields. ]==] function export.parse_inflected_text(text, props) if props.angle_brackets_omittable and not props.allow_blank_lemma then error("If 'angle_brackets_omittable' is specified, so should 'allow_blank_lemma'") end local alternant_multiword_spec = {alternant_or_word_specs = {}} local alternant_segments = split(text, "(%(%(.-%)%))") local last_post_text, last_post_text_no_links, last_post_text_translit for i = 1, #alternant_segments do if i % 2 == 1 then local segments = put.parse_balanced_segment_run(alternant_segments[i], "<", ">") -- Disable allow_default_indicator if alternants are present and we're processing -- the non-alternant text. Otherwise we will try to treat the non-alternant text -- surrounding the alternants as an inflected word rather than as raw text. local multiword_spec = parse_multiword_spec(segments, props, #alternant_segments ~= 1) for _, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do insert(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs, word_spec) end last_post_text = multiword_spec.post_text last_post_text_no_links = multiword_spec.post_text_no_links last_post_text_translit = multiword_spec.post_text_translit else local alternant_spec = parse_alternant(alternant_segments[i], props) alternant_spec.before_text = last_post_text alternant_spec.before_text_no_links = last_post_text_no_links alternant_spec.before_text_translit = last_post_text_translit insert(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs, alternant_spec) end end alternant_multiword_spec.post_text = last_post_text alternant_multiword_spec.post_text_no_links = last_post_text_no_links alternant_multiword_spec.post_text_translit = last_post_text_translit -- Save boolean properties from `props`. We need at least `allow_default_indicator` when implementing -- `reconstruct_original_spec()`. alternant_multiword_spec.allow_default_indicator = props.allow_default_indicator alternant_multiword_spec.angle_brackets_omittable = props.angle_brackets_omittable alternant_multiword_spec.allow_blank_lemma = props.allow_blank_lemma return alternant_multiword_spec end -- Inflect alternants in ``alternant_spec`` (an object as returned by parse_alternant()). -- This sets the form values in ```alternant_spec``.forms` for all slots. -- (If a given slot has no values, it will not be present in ```alternant_spec``.forms`). local function inflect_alternants(alternant_spec, props) alternant_spec.forms = {} for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_spec.alternants) do export.inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec(multiword_spec, props) iterate_slot_list_or_table(props, function(slot) if not props.skip_slot or not props.skip_slot(slot) then export.insert_forms(alternant_spec.forms, slot, multiword_spec.forms[slot]) end end) end end --[=[ Subfunction of `inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec()`. This is used in building up the inflections of multiword expressions. The basic purpose of this function is to append a set of forms representing the inflections of a given inflected term in a given slot onto the existing forms for that slot. Given a multiword expression potentially consisting of several inflected terms along with fixed text in between, we work iteratively from left to right, adding the new forms onto the existing ones. Normally, all combinations of new and existing forms are created, meaning if there are M existing forms and N new ones, we will end up with M*N forms. However, some of these combinations can be rejected using the variant mechanism (see the description of get_variants below). Specifically, `formtable` is a table of per-slot forms, where the key is a slot and the value is a list of form objects (objects of the form {form=``form``, translit=``manual_translit``, footnotes=``footnotes``}). `slot` is the slot in question. `forms` specifies the forms to be appended onto the existing forms, and is likewise a list of form objects. `props` is the same as in `inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec()`. `before_text` is the fixed text that goes before the forms to be added. `before_text_no_links` is the same as `before_text` but with any links (i.e. hyperlinks of the form [[``term``]] or [[``term``|``display``]]) converted into raw terms using remove_links() in [[Module:links]], and `before_text_translit` is optional manual translit of `before_text_no_links`. Note that the value "?" in a form is "infectious" in that if either the existing or new form has the value "?", the resulting combination will also be "?". This allows "?" to be used to mean "unknown". ]=] local function append_forms(props, formtable, slot, forms, before_text, before_text_no_links, before_text_translit) if not forms then return end local old_forms = formtable[slot] or {{form = ""}} local ret_forms = {} for _, old_form in ipairs(old_forms) do for _, form in ipairs(forms) do local old_form_vars = props.get_variants and props.get_variants(old_form.form) or "" local form_vars = props.get_variants and props.get_variants(form.form) or "" if old_form_vars ~= "" and form_vars ~= "" and old_form_vars ~= form_vars then -- Reject combination due to non-matching variant codes. else local new_formval local new_translit if old_form.form == "?" or form.from == "?" then new_formval = "?" else new_formval = old_form.form .. before_text .. form.form if old_form.translit or before_text_translit or form.translit then if not props.lang then error("Internal error: If manual translit is given, 'props.lang' must be set") end if not before_text_translit then before_text_translit = props_transliterate(props, before_text_no_links) or "" end local old_translit = old_form.translit or props_transliterate(props, m_links.remove_links(old_form.form)) or "" local translit = form.translit or props_transliterate(props, m_links.remove_links(form.form)) or "" new_translit = old_translit .. before_text_translit .. translit end end local new_formobj local new_footnotes = export.combine_footnotes(old_form.footnotes, form.footnotes) if new_formval == form.form and new_translit == form.translit then -- Automatically preserve metadata when possible. new_formobj = shallow_copy(form) new_formobj.footnotes = new_footnotes else new_formobj = {form=new_formval, translit=new_translit, footnotes=new_footnotes} if props.combine_metadata then props.combine_metadata { slot = slot, dest_form = new_formobj, form1 = old_form, form2 = form, between_text = before_text, between_text_no_links = before_text_no_links, between_text_translit = before_text_translit, } end end insert(ret_forms, new_formobj) end end end formtable[slot] = ret_forms end --[==[ Top-level inflection function. Create the inflections of a noun, verb, adjective or similar. `alternant_multiword_spec` is as returned by `parse_inflected_text` and describes the properties of the term to be inflected, including all the user-provided inflection specifications (e.g. the number, gender, conjugation/declension/etc. of each word) and the surrounding text. `props` indicates how to do the actual inflection (see below). The resulting inflected forms are stored into the `.forms` property of `multiword_spec`. This property holds a table whose keys are slots (i.e. ID's of individual inflected forms, such as "pres_1sg" for the first-person singular present indicative tense of a verb) and whose values are lists of the form `{ form = ``form``, translit = ``manual_translit_or_nil``, footnotes = ``footnote_list_or_nil``}`, where ``form`` is a string specifying the value of the form (e.g. "ouço" for the first-person singular present indicative of the Portuguese verb [[ouvir]]); ``manual_translit_or_nil`` is the corresponding manual transliteration if needed (i.e. if the form is in a non-Latin script and the automatic transliteration is incorrect or unavailable), otherwise nil; and ``footnote_list_or_nil`` is a list of footnotes to be attached to the form, or nil for no footnotes. Note that currently footnotes must be surrounded by brackets, e.g "[archaic]", and should not begin with a capital letter or end with a period. (Conversion from "[archaic]" to "Archaic." happens automatically.) This function has no return value, but modifies `multiword_spec` in-place, adding the `forms` table as described above. After calling this function, call show_forms() on the `forms` table to convert the forms and footnotes given in this table to strings suitable for display. `props` is an object specifying properties used during inflection, as follows: ```{ slot_list = {{"``slot``", "``accel``"}, {"``slot``", "``accel``"}, ...}, slot_table = {``slot`` = "``accel``", ``slot`` = "``accel``", ...}, skip_slot = nil `or` __function__(slot), lang = nil `or` __lang_object__, inflect_word_spec = __function__(base), get_variants = nil 'or` __function__(formval), combine_metadata = nil `or` __function__(data), include_user_specified_links = __boolean__, }``` `slot_list` is a list of two-element lists of slots and associated accelerator tags. ``slot`` is arbitrary but should correspond with slot names as generated by `inflect_word_spec`. ``accel`` is the corresponding accelerator tags; e.g. if ``slot`` is "pres_1sg", ``accel`` might be "1|s|pres|ind". ``accel`` is actually unused during inflection, but is used during `show_forms()`, which takes the same `slot_list` as a property upon input. `slot_table` is a table mapping slots to associated accelerator tags and serves the same function as `slot_list`. Only one of `slot_list` or `slot_table` must be given. For new code it is preferable to use `slot_list` because this allows you to control the order of processing slots, which may occasionally be important. `skip_slot` is a function of one argument, a slot name, and should return a boolean indicating whether to skip the given slot during inflection. It can be used, for example, to skip singular slots if the overall term being inflected is plural-only, and vice-versa. `lang` is a language object. This is only used to generate manual transliteration. If the language is written in the Latin script or manual transliteration cannot be specified in the input to parse_inflected_text(), this can be omitted. (Manual transliteration is allowed if the `lang` object is set in the `props` passed to parse_inflected_text().) `inflect_word_spec` is the function to do the actual inflection. It is passed a single argument, which is a ``word_spec`` object describing the word to be inflected and the user-provided inflection specifications. It is exactly the same as was returned by the `parse_indicator_spec` function provided in the `props` sent on input to `parse_inflected_text`, but has additional fields describing the word to be inflected and the surrounding text, as follows: ```{ lemma = "``lemma``", before_text = "``text-before-word``", before_text_no_links = "``text-before-word-no-links``", before_text_translit = "``manual-translit-of-text-before-word``" or nil (if no manual translit or respelling was specified in the before-text) -- Fields as described in parse_indicator_spec() ... }``` Here ``lemma`` is the word to be inflected as specified by the user (including any links if so given), and the `before_text*` fields describe the raw text preceding the word to be inflected. Any other fields in this object are as set by `parse_inflected_text`, and describe things like the gender, number, conjugation/declension, etc. as specified by the user in the <...> spec following the word to be inflected. `inflect_word_spec` should initialize the `.forms` property of the passed-in ``word_spec`` object to the inflected forms of the word in question. The value of this property is a table of the same format as the `.forms` property that is ultimately generated by inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec() and described above near the top of this documentation: i.e. a table whose keys are slots and whose values are lists of the form `{ form = ``form``, translit = ``manual_translit_or_nil``, footnotes = ``footnote_list_or_nil``}`. `get_variants` is either {nil} or a function of one argument (a string, a form value). The purpose of this function is to ensure that in a multiword term where a given slot has more than one possible variant, the final output has only parallel variants in it. For example, feminine nouns and adjectives in Russian have two possible endings, one typically in -ой (-oj) and the other in -ою (-oju). If we have a feminine adjective-noun combination (or a hyphenated feminine noun-noun combination, or similar), and we don't specify `get_variants`, we'll end up with four values for the instrumental singular: one where both adjective and noun end in -ой, one where both end in -ою, and two where one of the words ends in -ой and the other in -ою. In general if we have N words each with K variants, we'll end up with an explosion of N^K possibilities. `get_variants` avoids this by returning a variant code (an arbitary string) for each variant. If two words each have a non-empty variant code, and the variant codes disagree, the combination will be rejected. If `get_variants` is not provided, or either variant code is an empty string, or the variant codes agree, the combination is allowed. The recommended way to use `get_variants` is as follows: 1. During inflection in `inflect_word_spec`, add a special character or string to each of the variants generated for a given slot when there is more than one. (As an optimization, do this only when there is more than one word being inflected.) Special Unicode characters can be used for this purpose, e.g. U+FFF0, U+FFF1, ..., U+FFFD, which have no meaning in Unicode. 2. Specify `get_variants` as a function that pulls out and returns the special character(s) or string included in the variant forms. 3. When calling show_forms(), specify a `canonicalize` function that removes the variant code character(s) or string from each form before converting to the display form. See [[Module:hi-verb]] and [[Module:hi-common]] for an example of doing this in a generalized fashion. (Look for add_variant_codes(), get_variants() and remove_variant_codes().) `combine_metadata` is a function that is invoked when combining two form objects along along with in-between text and storing into a destination form object. When this happens, if the the form value and translit in the first form object is empty and the in-between text is likewise empty (which regularly happens when appending the form object describing the first word in a multiword expression to empty base text), the second form object is simply shallow-copied along with all of its metadata, and any footnotes are combined appropriately (normally the first form object is such a case won't have footnotes). Otherwise, a new form object is constructed by combining the form values, translit and footnotes from the two objects and in-between text, and calling `combine_metadata` to combine any other metadata. Leave this unspecified if there is no additional metadata or if you don't want any metadata carried over. (Examples of metadata that should generally not be carried over are glosses of individual words, sense ID's and similar word-level properties that can't easily be combined to generate a multiword equivalent. Examples of metadata that should be carried over and combined are qualifiers, labels and certain boolean properties such as an uncertainty flag indicating that a given form is uncertain. For some metadata, it is more complex; for example, if both source words have the same gender or part of speech, the destination should keep that value, but if they differ, it may be safest to leave the field blank.) This function, if specified, is called with a single argument as follows: ```{ slot = "__string__", dest_form = __formobj__, form1 = __formobj__, form2 = __formobj__, between_text = "__string__", between_text_no_links = "__string__", between_text_translit = "__string__" `or` nil }``` Here, `slot` is the slot whose forms are being constructed. `dest_form` is the destination form object into which the combined metadata should be written, and is pre-populated with appropriate `form`, `translit` and `footnotes` fields. `form1` and `form2` are the two source forms being combined, and `between_text` is the text to be inserted between the two source forms. `between_text_no_links` is the same as `between_text` but with double-bracket links removed, and `between_text_translit` is the manual transliteration of `between_text_no_links`, if specified. The function should return nothing, but should side-effect `dest_form` as appropriate. `include_user_specified_links`, if given, ensures that user-specified links in the raw text surrounding a given word are preserved in the output. If omitted or set to false, such links will be removed and the whole multiword expression will be linked. ]==] function export.inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec(multiword_spec, props) multiword_spec.forms = {} local is_alternant_multiword = not not multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs for _, word_spec in ipairs(is_alternant_multiword and multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs or multiword_spec.word_specs) do if word_spec.alternants then inflect_alternants(word_spec, props) else props.inflect_word_spec(word_spec) end iterate_slot_list_or_table(props, function(slot) if not props.skip_slot or not props.skip_slot(slot) then append_forms(props, multiword_spec.forms, slot, word_spec.forms[slot], (slot:find("linked") or props.include_user_specified_links) and word_spec.before_text or word_spec.before_text_no_links, word_spec.before_text_no_links, word_spec.before_text_translit ) end end) end if multiword_spec.post_text ~= "" then local pseudoform = {{form=""}} iterate_slot_list_or_table(props, function(slot) -- If slot is empty or should be skipped, don't try to append post-text. if (not props.skip_slot or not props.skip_slot(slot)) and multiword_spec.forms[slot] then append_forms(props, multiword_spec.forms, slot, pseudoform, (slot:find("linked") or props.include_user_specified_links) and multiword_spec.post_text or multiword_spec.post_text_no_links, multiword_spec.post_text_no_links, multiword_spec.post_text_translit ) end end) end end function export.map_word_specs(alternant_multiword_spec, fun) for _, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do for _, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do fun(word_spec) end end else fun(alternant_or_word_spec) end end end function export.create_footnote_obj() return { notes = {}, seen_notes = {}, noteindex = 1, seen_refs = {}, } end function export.get_footnote_text(footnotes, footnote_obj) if not footnotes then return "" end local link_indices = {} local all_refs = {} for _, footnote in ipairs(footnotes) do local refs footnote, refs = export.expand_footnote_or_references(footnote) if footnote then local this_noteindex = footnote_obj.seen_notes[footnote] if not this_noteindex then -- Generate a footnote index. this_noteindex = footnote_obj.noteindex footnote_obj.noteindex = footnote_obj.noteindex + 1 insert(footnote_obj.notes, '<sup style="color: var(--wikt-palette-red, red)">' .. this_noteindex .. '</sup>' .. footnote) footnote_obj.seen_notes[footnote] = this_noteindex end insert_if_not(link_indices, this_noteindex) end if refs then for _, ref in ipairs(refs) do if not ref.name then local this_refhash = footnote_obj.seen_refs[ref.text] if not this_refhash then -- Different text needs to have different auto-generated names, globally across the entire page, -- including across different invocations of {{it-verb}} or {{it-conj}}. The easiest way to accomplish -- this is to use a message-digest hashing function. It does not have to be cryptographically secure -- (MD5 is insecure); it just needs to have low probability of collisions. this_refhash = mw.hash.hashValue("md5", ref.text) footnote_obj.seen_refs[ref.text] = this_refhash end ref.autoname = this_refhash end -- I considered using "n" as the default group rather than nothing, to more clearly distinguish regular -- footnotes from references, but this requires referencing group "n" as <references group="n"> below, -- which is non-obvious. insert_if_not(all_refs, ref) end end end table.sort(link_indices) local function sort_refs(r1, r2) -- FIXME, we are now sorting on an arbitrary hash. Should we keep track of the order we -- saw the autonamed references and sort on that? if r1.autoname and r2.name then return true elseif r1.name and r2.autoname then return false elseif r1.name and r2.name then return r1.name < r2.name else return r1.autoname < r2.autoname end end table.sort(all_refs, sort_refs) for i, ref in ipairs(all_refs) do local refargs = {name = ref.name or ref.autoname, group = ref.group} all_refs[i] = mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("ref", ref.text, refargs) end local link_text if #link_indices > 0 then link_text = '<sup style="color: var(--wikt-palette-red, red)">' .. concat(link_indices, ",") .. '</sup>' else link_text = "" end local ref_text = concat(all_refs) if link_text ~= "" and ref_text ~= "" then return link_text .. "<sup>,</sup>" .. ref_text else return link_text .. ref_text end end --[==[ Add links around words in a term. If multiword_only, do it only in multiword terms. ]==] function export.add_links(form, multiword_only) if form == "" or form == " " then return form end if not form:find("%[%[") then if ufind(form, "[%s%p]") then --optimization to avoid loading [[Module:headword]] on single-word forms local m_headword = require("Module:headword") if m_headword.head_is_multiword(form) then form = m_headword.add_multiword_links(form) end end if not multiword_only and not form:find("%[%[") then form = "[[" .. form .. "]]" end end return form end --[==[ Remove redundant link surrounding entire term. ]==] function export.remove_redundant_links(term) return (term:gsub("^%[%[([^%[%]|]*)%]%]$", "%1")) end --[==[ Add links to all before and after text; for use in inflection modules that preserve links in multiword lemmas and include links in non-lemma forms rather than allowing the entire form to be a link. If `remember_original`, remember the original user-specified before/after text so we can reconstruct the original spec later. `add_links` is a function of one argument to add links to a given piece of text; if unspecified, it defaults to `export.add_links`. ]==] function export.add_links_to_before_and_after_text(alternant_multiword_spec, remember_original, add_links) add_links = add_links or export.add_links local function add_links_remember_original(object, field) if remember_original then object["user_specified_" .. field] = object[field] end object[field] = add_links(object[field]) end for _, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do add_links_remember_original(alternant_or_word_spec, "before_text") if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then for _, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do for _, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do add_links_remember_original(word_spec, "before_text") end add_links_remember_original(multiword_spec, "post_text") end end end add_links_remember_original(alternant_multiword_spec, "post_text") end --[==[ Reconstruct the original overall spec from the output of parse_inflected_text(), so we can use it in the language-specific acceleration module in the implementation of {{tl|pt-verb form of}} and the like. `props` is an optional table of properties. Currently only `preprocess_angle_bracket_spec` is recognized, and is an optional function of one argument that is called to process an angle-bracket spec before inserting into the reconstructed spec. ]==] function export.reconstruct_original_spec(alternant_multiword_spec, props) local parts = {} props = props or {} local function ins(txt) insert(parts, txt) end local function insert_angle_bracket_spec(spec) if props.preprocess_angle_bracket_spec then spec = props.preprocess_angle_bracket_spec(spec) end ins(spec) end for _, alternant_or_word_spec in ipairs(alternant_multiword_spec.alternant_or_word_specs) do ins(alternant_or_word_spec.user_specified_before_text) if alternant_or_word_spec.alternants then ins("((") for i, multiword_spec in ipairs(alternant_or_word_spec.alternants) do if i > 1 then ins(",") end for _, word_spec in ipairs(multiword_spec.word_specs) do ins(word_spec.user_specified_before_text) ins(word_spec.user_specified_lemma) insert_angle_bracket_spec(word_spec.angle_bracket_spec) end ins(multiword_spec.user_specified_post_text) end ins("))") else ins(alternant_or_word_spec.user_specified_lemma) insert_angle_bracket_spec(alternant_or_word_spec.angle_bracket_spec) end end ins(alternant_multiword_spec.user_specified_post_text) local retval = concat(parts) if alternant_multiword_spec.allow_default_indicator then -- As a special case, if we see e.g. "amar<>", remove the <>. Don't do this if there are spaces or alternants. if not retval:find(" ") and not retval:find("%(%(") then local retval_no_angle_brackets = retval:match("^(.*)<>$") if retval_no_angle_brackets then return retval_no_angle_brackets end end end return retval end --[==[ Convert the forms in ``formtable`` (a form table, whose keys are slots and whose values are lists of form objects, each of which is a table of the form `form = ``form``, translit = ``manual_translit_or_nil``, footnotes = ``footnote_list_or_nil``, no_accel = ``true_to_suppress_accelerators``, ... `) into strings. The form table is side-effected. Each form list turns into a string consisting of a comma-separated list of linked forms, with accelerators (unless `no_accel` is set in a given form object). If `include_translit` is specified, each string consists of a comma-separated list of form values (each formatted as a link), an HTML `&lt;br/>`, and a comma-separated list of transliterations. `props` is a table used in generating the strings, as follows: ```{ lang = __lang_object__, lemmas = {"``lemma``", "``lemma``", ...}, slot_list = {{"``slot``", "``accel``"}, {"``slot``", "``accel``"}, ...}, slot_table = {``slot`` = "``accel``", ``slot`` = "``accel``", ...}, include_translit = __boolean__, create_footnote_obj = nil `or` __function__(), canonicalize = nil or __function__(formval), preprocess_forms = nil `or` __function__(data), no_deduplicate_forms = __boolean__, combine_metadata_during_dedup = nil `or` __function__(data), transform_accel_obj = nil `or` __function__(slot, form, accel_obj), format_forms = nil `or` __function__(data), generate_link = nil `or` __function__(data), format_tr = nil `or` __function__(data), join_spans = nil `or` __function__(data), footnotes = nil or {"``extra_footnote``", "``extra_footnote``", ...}, }``` `lemmas` is the list of lemmas, used in the accelerators. `slot_list` is a list of two-element lists of slots and associated accelerator tag sets. ``slot`` should correspond to slots generated during `inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec()`. ``accel`` is the corresponding accelerator tag set; e.g. if ``slot`` is "pres_1sg", ``accel`` might be "1|s|pres|ind". ``accel`` is used in generating entries for accelerator support (see [[WT:ACCEL]]). `slot_table` is a table mapping slots to associated accelerator tag sets and serves the same function as `slot_list`. Only one of `slot_list` or `slot_table` must be given. For new code it is preferable to use `slot_list` because this allows you to control the order of processing slots, which may occasionally be important. `include_translit`, if given, causes transliteration to be included in the generated strings. The function works as follows: # Create an object to hold footnotes (customizable using `create_footnote_obj`). # Generate the comma-separated lemma form values and store in `.lemma` in the form table. # Loop over the slots specified using `slot_list` or `slot_table`. For each slot: ## Canonicalize the form values (customizable using `canonicalize`; by default does nothing). ## Preprocess the forms (customizable using `preprocess_forms`; by default does nothing). ## Unless `no_deduplicate_forms` is set, deduplicate forms in a slot sharing the same form value but possibly different transliteration. (This happens e.g. in Russian, where it is relatively common for a given form to have two possible transliterations, one reflecting a more nativized pronunciation where Cyrillic е triggers palatalization of the preceding consonant, and one reflecting a more "foreign" pronunciation where this palatalization does not happen. In such a case, the automatic transliteration would normally suffice for the more nativized pronunciation but the more "foreign" pronunciation will need manual transliteration.) As part of deduplication, footnotes will be combined using `combine_footnotes`; distinct manual transliterations will be combined into a list (meaning the `translit` field of form objects in some subsequent `props` functions may hold a list; this will be noted when possible); and any remaining metadata will be combined using the `combine_metadata_during_dedup` method, if provided. ## Add acceleration to all forms. The acceleration tag set associated with a given form comes from `slot_list` or `slot_table`, i.e. all forms in a given slot have the same tag set. However, different forms will have different associated transliterations stored into the accelerator object associated with the form, as well as possibly different lemmas. In particular, when there are multiple lemma forms, this is often due to alternative ways to pronounce the lemma (e.g. alternative stress positions or vowel lengths), and there are often associated non-lemma forms that match each lemma. An example given in the introduction is {{m+|uk|русин||Rusyn}}, stressed in the lemma as ''ру́син'' or ''руси́н'' with associated genitive singulars ''ру́сина'' and ''русина́''. We would like the auto-generated accelerator entry for {{m|uk|русина}} to show the variant ''ру́сина'' as having lemma ''ру́син'' and the variant ''русина́'' as having the lemma ''руси́н'', rather than showing both variants as having both lemmas, which is less accurate. As a result, the code that generates acceleration objects for forms matches up forms and lemmas one-to-one if possible. If this is not possible, the matching is usually one lemma to many forms, as in {{m+|uk|міст||bridge}} with genitive singular ''мо́сту'' or ''моста́'' (in which case all forms get the same lemma), or many lemmas to one form, as in {{m+|uk|черга||turn, queue}} stressed either ''че́рга'' or ''черга́'' with nominative singular only ''че́рги'' (in which case the single form gets assicated all lemmas). If there are multiple lemmas and multiple forms, the algorithm attempts to align them as evenly as possible (e.g. two lemma variants to four forms means the first two forms get assigned the first lemma variant and the last two forms get assigned the second lemma variant); this is often going to be incorrect, but (a) there's unlikely to be a single algorithm that works in all such circumstances, and (b) these cases are very rare. Finally, note the following: ##* No acceleration is assigned to a form if any of the following apply: (a) there are no lemmas given in `props.lemmas`; (b) the `no_accel` key in the form object has a non-falsy value; (c) the form value of the form is {"?"} or an em-dash ({"—"}); (d) the accelerator tag set is given as a hyphen {"-"}); or (e) the form value contains an internal link. ##* The accelerator code sets the `formval_for_link` key in each form object to the version of the form value that should be passed to `full_link()` in [[Module:links]]. This is usually the same as the passed-in form value, but differs when the entire form value is surrounded with a redundant internal link (which is removed). ##* The resulting accelerator object can be modified (or replaced entirely) by the `transform_accel_obj` function. This is used, for example, in [[Module:es-verb]], [[Module:pt-verb]] and other Romance-language verb conjugation modules (likewise [[Module:ar-verb]]) to replace the tag set with the original verb spec used to generate the verb, so that the accelerator code can generate the appropriate call to {{tl|es-verb form of}}, {{tl|pt-verb form of}} or the like, which computes the inflections, instead of directly listing the inflections. ## Format the forms into strings. The entire default process can be replaced using `format_forms`; otherwise the default algorithm works as follows: ### Generate the '''form value spans''', with one entry (a linked HTML-ized version of the form value) per form. This can be customized using `generate_link`. (Various modules do this. For example, the Arabic verb module includes qualifiers, labels, ID's and the like that can be specified by the user; the Portuguese and reintegrated Galician verb modules italicize certain superseded or otherwise less-desirable forms instead of linking them normally; the German verb module adds {{m|de|dass}} to subjunctive forms and optional pronouns to imperative forms; and the German adjective module adds articles to adjective forms normally accompanied by articles and the equivalent of "he/she is" etc. to predicate forms.) The default uses `full_link()` in [[Module:links]] (with transliteration generation disabled) concatenated with the appropriate footnote symbol(s) (if any). ### Generate the '''transliteration spans''', with one entry per distinct translit, auto-generated if manual translit isn't available. Note that, due to the earlier form value deduplication step, there may be multiple translits per form object. These translits are themselves deduplicated to get the list of spans. (Such duplication can happen, for example, in Arabic with terms containing a glottal stop in them; there may be multiple ways of spelling the glottal stop or ''hamza'' in Arabic, but only one way of transliterating it.) Each span consists of an object specifying the translit and the list of footnotes. These objects are then converted to formatted strings, either using `format_tr` if supplied or else calling `tag_translit()` in [[Module:script utilities]] and concatenating the appropriate footnote symbol(s) (if any). ### Combine the form value and transliteration spans. If `join_spans` is supplied, use it; otherwise, concatenate the form value spans (comma-separated) and (if available) transliteration spans (comma-separated), and (if appropriate) combine them using {<br />}. `create_footnote_obj` is an optional function of no arguments to create the footnote object used to track footnotes; see `create_footnote_obj()`. Customizing it is useful to prepopulate the footnote table using `get_footnote_text()`. `canonicalize` is an optional function of one argument (a form value) to canonicalize each form before processing; it can return nil for no change. The most common purpose of this function is to remove variant codes from the form value. See the documentation for `inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec()` for a description of variant codes and their purpose. `preprocess_forms` is an optional function of one argument (a table of properties) to preprocess the form objects as a whole. It runs after `canonicalize` (meaning that the form values passed in are canonicalized) and before deduplication and the addition of acceleration info. The property table passed in has the following properties: * `slot`: The slot being processed. * `forms`: The list of form objects for this slot. * `accel_tag_set`: The accelerator tag set for this slot, taken from `slot_list` or `slot_table`. * `footnote_obj`: The footnote object returned by the `create_footnote_obj` property or the default `create_footnote_obj()` function. `preprocess_forms` should return a list of preprocessed form objects, or {nil} to use the passed-in `forms`. If this function does deduplication, you should set `no_deduplicate_forms` to disable the default deduplication process. `no_deduplicate_forms`, if set, disables the deduplication step (see above). `combine_metadata_during_dedup` is an optional function of one argument (a table of properties) to combine the metadata of deduplicated form objects. The property table passed in has the following properties: * `slot`: The slot being processed. * `existing_form`: The existing form object into which a duplicated form is being combined. * `dup_form`: The duplicated form being combined into `existing_form`. * `existing_form_pos`: The one-based position of the existing form in the deduplicated form list (not necessarily its original position). * `dup_form_pos`: The one-based position of the duplicated form in its original list. The following should be noted about the form objects passed in: # The form values in `.form` have been canonicalized using `.canonicalize`, if provided. # The form values in `existing_form` and `dup_form` are always the same. # The footnotes in `existing_form` have already been combined with those in `dup_form`. # If there was manual translit either in `existing_form` (prior to deduplication) or in `dup_form`, there will be manual translit in `existing_form.translit` that is a list and combines any previous accumulated translits in `existing_form` as well as the translit in `dup_form` (even if one of them was specified as {nil} indicating an automatic translit). This means that the translit in `existing_form.translit` is always either {nil} or a list of strings (and the same applies to `dup_form.translit`). `transform_accel_obj` is an optional function of three arguments (``slot``, ``formobj``, ``accel_obj``) to transform the default constructed accelerator object in ``accel_obj`` into an object that should be passed to `full_link()` in [[Module:links]]. It should return the new accelerator object, or {nil} for no acceleration. (If {nil} is returned, the corresponding form has no acceleration; this is unlike most customization functions, where returning {nil} causes the default algorithm to be invoked.) The function can destructively modify the accelerator object passed in. '''NOTE''': This is called even when the passed-in ``accel_obj`` is {nil} (see the (a) through (e) reasons above why no acceleration may be assigned to a form). Thus, your code needs to do something sensible in this case. The description above of how `show_forms()` works inclues various examples of modules that supply a `transform_accel_obj` function and the reasons for doing so. `format_forms`, if supplied, is a function that entirely replaces the formatting portion of `show_forms()`. An example of why you might want to do this is to get a different layout than the default, e.g. one where translit is displayed next to each form value instead of the form values and translits grouped and displayed on separate lines. Under normal circumstances, you should not do this, but instead customize the functions that replace specific parts of the default formatting algorithm (see below). This function is passed one argument (a table of properties) and should return a string (the formatted forms, ready to store into the slot in the form table) or {nil} to proceed with the default algorithm (see above). The property table passed in has the following properties: * `slot`: The slot being processed. * `forms`: The list of form objects, deduplicated and with accelerator info added. * `footnote_obj`: The footnote object returned by the `create_footnote_obj` property or the default `create_footnote_obj()` function. The following should be noted about the form objects in `forms`: # There are extra fields `formval_for_link` and `accel_obj`. The first one is as described above under the paragraph beginning "Add acceleration to all forms" under "The function works as follows". The second one is the accelerator object in the format expected by [[Module:links]]. # The `translit` field, if non-{nil}, is a list of transliterations rather than a single transliteration; this is due to the form value deduplication step. `generate_link` is an optional function to generate the link text for a given form value. It is passed a single argument (a table of properties) and should return a string, the formatted link. If it returns {nil}, the default algorithm (see above) is invoked. The property table passed in has the following properties: * `slot`: The slot being processed. * `form`: The form to be converted to a formatted link. As with the `format_forms` function described above, the form objects passed in contain extra fields `formval_for_link` and `accel_obj` (both of which will normally be used), and the `translit` field, if non-{nil}, is a list. * `pos`: The one-based position of the form being processed, in the list of form value spans. Rarely used. * `footnote_obj`: The footnote object returned by the `create_footnote_obj` property or the default `create_footnote_obj()` function. Normally used in order to get the footnote symbol associated with any footnotes in `footnotes`. The description above of how `show_forms()` works inclues various examples of modules that supply a `generate_link` function and the reasons for doing so. `format_tr` is an optional function to generate the formatted text for a given transliteration. It is passed a single argument (a table of properties) and should return a string, the formatted transliteration text. If it returns {nil}, the default algorithm (see above) is invoked. The property table passed in has the following properties: * `slot`: The slot being processed. * `tr_for_tag`: The transliteration to process. * `pos`: The one-based position of the transliteration being processed, in the list of transliteration spans. Rarely used. * `footnotes`: The list of footnotes associated with all form objects with this transliteration. (If there were multiple form objects with the same transliteration, the list of footnotes will have been generated using `combine_footnotes()`.) * `footnote_obj`: The footnote object returned by the `create_footnote_obj` property or the default `create_footnote_obj()` function. Normally used in order to get the footnote symbol associated with any footnotes in `footnotes`. `join_spans` is an optional function to join the processed form value and transliteration spans into a formatted string. It is passed a single argument (a table of properties) and should return the final string to store into the form table slot. If it returns {nil}, the default algorithm (see above) is invoked. The property table passed in has the following properties: * `slot`: The slot being processed. * `formval_spans`: A list of strings, the formatted form value spans. * `tr_spans`: A list of strings, the formatted transliteration spans. If there is no transliteration, this will be an empty list. A custom `join_spans` is provided by [[Module:de-verb]], which concatenates the form value spans vertically (using {"<br />"}) instead of horizontally using a comma, as is normal; this is because there is no translit and the form values are often long, containing extra words attached during `generate_link()`. The only exception is the `aux` slot holding the auxiliaries, which is concatenated horizontally using {" or "}. [[Module:de-adjective]] similarly provides a custom `join_spans` function that concatenates the form value spans vertically. ]==] function export.show_forms(formtable, props) local footnote_obj = props.create_footnote_obj and props.create_footnote_obj() or export.create_footnote_obj() local function fetch_formval_and_translit(entry, remove_links) local formval, translit if type(entry) == "table" then formval, translit = entry.form, entry.translit else formval = entry end if remove_links then formval = m_links.remove_links(formval) end return formval, translit end local lemma_formvals = {} for _, lemma in ipairs(props.lemmas) do local lemma_formval, _ = fetch_formval_and_translit(lemma) insert_if_not(lemma_formvals, lemma_formval) end formtable.lemma = #lemma_formvals > 0 and concat(lemma_formvals, ", ") or mw.loadData(headword_data_module).pagename -- For safety, since we in-place modify `lemmas` usually before processing a given slot, make a copy. local props_lemmas = shallow_copy(props.lemmas) for i, lemma in ipairs(props_lemmas) do props_lemmas[i] = shallow_copy(lemma) end local function do_slot(slot, accel_tag_set) local formobjs = formtable[slot] if formobjs then if type(formobjs) ~= "table" then error("Internal error: For slot '" .. slot .. "', expected table but saw " .. dump(formobjs)) end -- Maybe canonicalize the form values (e.g. remove variant codes and monosyllabic accents). if props.canonicalize then for _, form in ipairs(formobjs) do form.form = props.canonicalize(form.form) or form.form end end -- Preprocess the forms as a whole if called for. if props.preprocess_forms then formobjs = props.preprocess_forms { slot = slot, forms = formobjs, accel_tag_set = accel_tag_set, footnote_obj = footnote_obj, } or formobjs end -- Maybe deduplicate form values (happens e.g. in Russian with two terms with the same Russian form but -- different translits). if not props.no_deduplicate_forms then local deduped_formobjs = {} for i, form in ipairs(formobjs) do local function combine_forms(existing_form, dup_form, pos) assert(existing_form.form == dup_form.form) -- Combine footnotes. existing_form.footnotes = export.combine_footnotes(existing_form.footnotes, dup_form.footnotes) -- If translit is being generated, and there's manual translit associated with either form, we -- need to generate any missing translits and combine them, taking into account the fact that a -- translit value may actually be a list of translits (particularly with the existing form if we -- already combined an item with manual translit into it). if props.include_translit and form_value_transliterable(existing_form.form) and ( existing_form.translit or dup_form.translit) then local combined_translit if not existing_form.translit then combined_translit = { props_transliterate(props, m_links.remove_links(existing_form.form)) } elseif type(existing_form.translit) == "string" then combined_translit = {existing_form.translit} else combined_translit = existing_form.translit end local dup_form_translit = dup_form.translit if not dup_form_translit then -- dup_form.form is the same as existing_form.form (see assert above), but this is -- defensive programming in case that changes dup_form_translit = {props_transliterate(props, m_links.remove_links(dup_form.form))} elseif type(dup_form_translit) == "string" then dup_form_translit = {dup_form_translit} end for _, translit in ipairs(dup_form_translit) do insert_if_not(combined_translit, translit) end existing_form.translit = combined_translit end if props.combine_metadata_during_dedup then props.combine_metadata_during_dedup { slot = slot, existing_form = existing_form, existing_form_pos = pos, dup_form = dup_form, dup_form_pos = i, } end end insert_if_not(deduped_formobjs, form, { key = function(formobj) return formobj.form end, combine = combine_forms, }) end formobjs = deduped_formobjs end -- Add acceleration info to form objects. for i, form in ipairs(formobjs) do local formval = form.form if not form_value_transliterable(formval) then form.formval_for_link = formval else local formval_for_link formval_for_link = formval -- remove redundant link surrounding entire form formval_for_link = export.remove_redundant_links(formval_for_link) form.formval_for_link = formval_for_link -------------------- Compute the accelerator object. ----------------- local accel_obj if props_lemmas[1] and not form.no_accel and accel_tag_set ~= "-" then -- If there is more than one form or more than one lemma, things get tricky. Often, there are -- the same number of forms as lemmas, e.g. for Ukrainian [[зимовий]] "wintry; winter (rel.)", -- which can be stressed зимо́вий or зимови́й with corresponding masculine/neuter genitive -- singulars зимо́вого or зимово́го etc. In this case, usually the forms and lemmas match up so -- we do this. If there are different numbers of forms than lemmas, it's usually one lemma -- against several forms e.g. Ukrainian [[міст]] "bridge" with genitive singular мо́сту or моста́ -- (accent patterns b or c) or [[ложка|ло́жка]] "spoon" with nominative plural ло́жки or ложки́ -- (accent patterns a or c). Here, we should assign the same lemma to both forms. The opposite -- can happen, e.g. [[черга]] "turn, queue" stressed че́рга or черга́ with nominative plural only -- че́рги (accent patterns a or d). Here we should assign both lemmas to the same form. In more -- complicated cases, with more than one lemma and form and different numbers of each, we try -- to align them as much as possible, e.g. if there are somehow eight forms and three lemmas, -- we assign lemma 1 to forms 1-3, lemma 2 to forms 4-6 and lemma 3 to forms 7 and 8, and -- conversely if there are somehow three forms and eight lemmas. This is likely to be wrong, but -- (a) there's unlikely to be a single algorithm that works in all such circumstances, and (b) -- these cases are vanishingly rare or nonexistent. Properly we should try to remember which -- form was generated by which lemma, but that is significant extra work for little gain. local first_lemma, last_lemma if #formobjs >= #props_lemmas then -- More forms than lemmas. Try to even out the forms assigned per lemma. local forms_per_lemma = math.ceil(#formobjs / #props_lemmas) first_lemma = math.floor((i - 1) / forms_per_lemma) + 1 last_lemma = first_lemma else -- More lemmas than forms. Try to even out the lemmas assigned per form. local lemmas_per_form = math.ceil(#props_lemmas / #formobjs) first_lemma = (i - 1) * lemmas_per_form + 1 last_lemma = math.min(first_lemma + lemmas_per_form - 1, #props_lemmas) end local accel_lemma, accel_lemma_translit if first_lemma == last_lemma then accel_lemma, accel_lemma_translit = fetch_formval_and_translit(props_lemmas[first_lemma], "remove links") else accel_lemma = {} accel_lemma_translit = {} for j=first_lemma, last_lemma do local this_accel_lemma, this_accel_lemma_translit = fetch_formval_and_translit(props_lemmas[j], "remove links") -- Do not use insert() especially for the translit because it may be nil and in -- that case we want gaps in the array. accel_lemma[j - first_lemma + 1] = this_accel_lemma accel_lemma_translit[j - first_lemma + 1] = this_accel_lemma_translit end end local accel_translit if props.include_translit and form.translit then if type(form.translit) == "table" then accel_translit = concat(form.translit, ", ") elseif type(form.translit) == "string" then accel_translit = form.translit else error(("Internal error: For slot '%s', form translit is not a table or string: %s"): format(slot, dump(form.translit))) end end accel_obj = { form = accel_tag_set, translit = accel_translit, lemma = accel_lemma, lemma_translit = props.include_translit and accel_lemma_translit or nil, } end -- Postprocess if requested. if props.transform_accel_obj then accel_obj = props.transform_accel_obj(slot, form, accel_obj) end form.accel_obj = accel_obj end end -- Format the form objects into a string for insertion into the table. local formatted_forms if props.format_forms then formatted_forms = props.format_forms { slot = slot, forms = formobjs, footnote_obj = footnote_obj, } end if not formatted_forms then -- Default algorithm: Separate form values and translits and concatenate on separate lines. -- Form values have already been deduplicated but we may need to deduplicate translits (this happens -- e.g. in Arabic where there may be multiple ways of spelling a hamza in the Arabic script but only -- one way in transliteration). local formval_spans = {} local tr_spans = {} for i, form in ipairs(formobjs) do local link if props.generate_link then link = props.generate_link { slot = slot, pos = i, form = form, footnote_obj = footnote_obj, } end if not link then link = m_links.full_link { lang = props.lang, term = form.formval_for_link, tr = "-", accel = form.accel_obj } .. export.get_footnote_text(form.footnotes, footnote_obj) end formval_spans[i] = link if props.include_translit then local translits = form.translit or props_transliterate(props, m_links.remove_links(form.form)) if type(translits) == "string" then translits = {translits} end for _, tr in ipairs(translits) do local tr_for_tag = tr -- formerly may have differed due to old-style footnote symbols insert_if_not(tr_spans, { tr_for_tag = tr_for_tag, footnotes = form.footnotes, }, { key = function(trobj) return trobj.tr_for_tag end, combine = function(trobj, newtrobj) -- Combine footnotes. trobj.footnotes = export.combine_footnotes(trobj.footnotes, newtrobj.footnotes) end, }) end end end for i, tr_span in ipairs(tr_spans) do local formatted_tr if props.format_tr then formatted_tr = props.format_tr { slot = slot, pos = i, tr_for_tag = tr_span.tr_for_tag, footnotes = tr_span.footnotes, footnote_obj = footnote_obj, } end if not formatted_tr then formatted_tr = require(script_utilities_module).tag_translit(tr_span.tr_for_tag, props.lang, "default", " style=\"color: var(--wikt-palette-grey-8,#888);\"") .. export.get_footnote_text(tr_span.footnotes, footnote_obj) end tr_spans[i] = formatted_tr end if props.join_spans then formatted_forms = props.join_spans { slot = slot, formval_spans = formval_spans, tr_spans = tr_spans, } end if not formatted_forms then local formval_span = concat(formval_spans, ", ") local tr_span if #tr_spans > 0 then tr_span = concat(tr_spans, ", ") end if tr_span then formatted_forms = formval_span .. "<br />" .. tr_span else formatted_forms = formval_span end end end formtable[slot] = formatted_forms else formtable[slot] = "—" end end iterate_slot_list_or_table(props, do_slot) formtable.footnote = concat(footnote_obj.notes, "<br />") end --[==[ Find the inflection spec for a given lemma by scraping the contents of the section for the lemma's language, looking for the appropriate inflection template (which may in some cases be a headword template with inflections specified in the headword, as for {{tl|en-verb}}). An inflection ID can be given; in that case, the value of the appropriate ID param (usually `id=`) must match the specified ID; otherwise, any inflection template call of the right name will work. If anything goes wrong in the process, a string is returned describing the error message; otherwise an object is returned, where `template` is the template found (an object of the form returned by `find_templates` in [[Module:template parser]]). There is one param, an object with the following fields: * `lemma`: The page to scrape for inflection calls. * `langname`: The name of the language of the lemma (e.g. {"English"} or {"Icelandic"}). Only that section is scraped. * `infltemp`: A string specifying the name of the template containing the inflections, or a function of one argument, the template object (an object of the form returned by `find_templates` in [[Module:template parser]]), which should return true if the given object specifies an appropriate inflection template. * `idparam`: The name of the parameter holding the inflection ID used to disambiguate lemmas with multiple inflections. * `inflid`: The inflection ID that must match the value of the `idparam` parameter specified by the inflection template. If not specified, there must be exactly one matching inflection template present, and it must not have a value given for the `idparam` parameter. Otherwise, all matching inflection templates must have a value specified for the `idparam` parameter of the template, and there must be exactly one template whose `idparam` parameter value is the same as the value of `inflid`. Find the inflection spec by scraping the contents of the Icelandic section of `lemma`, looking for `infltemp` calls (where template is e.g. "is-ndecl", "is-adecl" or "is-conj") If `inflid` is given, it must match the value of the |id= param specified to the inflection template; otherwise, any inflection template call will work. If anything goes wrong in the process, a string is returned describing the error message; otherwise a table of inflections is returned, each containing a field `infl` with the inflection spec. The inflection spec comes from the |deriv=, |deriv2=, etc. params in the inflection template if specified and `is_deriv` is given; otherwise from 1=, 2=, etc. If `allow_empty_infl` is given, a missing inflection spec in 1= is allowed and converted to an empty string; otherwise, an error is signaled. ]==] function export.scrape_inflection(data) local langname, lemma, infltemp, inflid, idparam = data.langname, data.lemma, data.infltemp, data.inflid, data.idparam local lang_lemma = ("%s base lemma '[[%s]]'"):format(langname, lemma) local title = new_title(lemma) if title then local content = title:getContent() if content then local langtext = require(pages_module).get_section(content, langname) if langtext then local inflobjs_by_id = {} local inflobjs_without_id = {} local ordered_seen_ids = {} for template in require(template_parser_module).find_templates(langtext) do local matches if type(infltemp) == "string" then matches = template:get_name() == infltemp else matches = infltemp(template) end if matches then local inflobj = {template = template} local args = template:get_arguments() local tid = args[idparam] if tid then if inflobjs_by_id[tid] then return ("For %s base lemma '[[%s]]', saw id='%s' twice"):format( langname, lemma, tid ) end inflobjs_by_id[tid] = inflobj insert_if_not(ordered_seen_ids, tid) else insert(inflobjs_without_id, inflobj) end end end local function concat_ordered_seen_ids() local quoted_seen_ids = {} for _, seen_id in ipairs(ordered_seen_ids) do insert(quoted_seen_ids, "'" .. seen_id .. "'") end return m_table.serialCommaJoin(quoted_seen_ids, {dontTag = true}) end local formatted_template = type(infltemp) == "string" and ("[[Template:%s]]"):format(infltemp) or "inflection template" local formatted_template_sing_article = type(infltemp) == "string" and ("[[Template:%s]]"):format(infltemp) or "an inflection template" local formatted_template_plural = type(infltemp) == "string" and "'s" or "s" if ordered_seen_ids[1] and inflobjs_without_id[1] then return ("For %s, saw %s %s%s with id=%s as well as %s %s%s without ID; this is not allowed; " .. "with multiple %s calls, all must have id= params"):format(lang_lemma, #ordered_seen_ids, formatted_template, ordered_seen_ids[2] and formatted_template_plural or "", concat_ordered_seen_ids(), #inflobjs_without_id, formatted_template, inflobjs_without_id[2] and formatted_template_plural or "", formatted_template) elseif not ordered_seen_ids[1] and not inflobjs_without_id[1] then return ("For %s, found %s section but couldn't find any calls to %s"):format( lang_lemma, langname, formatted_template_sing_article) elseif #inflobjs_without_id > 1 then return ("For %s, found %s %s%s without ID's; this is not allowed; with multiple %s calls, " .. "all must have id= params"):format(lang_lemma, #inflobjs_without_id, formatted_template, formatted_template_plural, formatted_template) elseif inflid then if inflobjs_by_id[inflid] then return inflobjs_by_id[inflid] elseif ordered_seen_ids[1] then return ("For %s, found %s section but couldn't find any inflections matching ID '%s'; " .. "instead found ID's %s; you may have misspelled the ID"):format(lang_lemma, langname, inflid, concat_ordered_seen_ids()) else return ("For %s, found %s section with a single %s without ID, but ID requirement '%s' " .. "specified; consider removing the ID requirement"):format(lang_lemma, langname, formatted_template, inflid) end elseif inflobjs_without_id[1] then -- only one infl template, and it doesn't have an id=; return it return inflobjs_without_id[1] elseif ordered_seen_ids[2] then return ("For %s, saw %s %s%s with id=%s but with a request to return the inflection without " .. "ID; consider adding an ID restriction to the scrape request, e.g. '@@:%s' for " .. "self-scraping or '@%s:%s' for scraping from another page"):format(lang_lemma, #ordered_seen_ids, formatted_template, formatted_template_plural, concat_ordered_seen_ids(), ordered_seen_ids[1], usub(lemma, 1, 1), ordered_seen_ids[1]) else return ("For %s, found %s section with a single %s with id=%s, but the scrape request didn't " .. "specify an ID; consider removing the id= param from the %s call unless you expect to add " .. "more such calls to the page in the future (in which case add the ID to the scrape request, " .. "e.g. '@@:%s' for self-scraping or '@%s:%s' for scraping from another page"):format(lang_lemma, langname, formatted_template, concat_ordered_seen_ids(), formatted_template, ordered_seen_ids[1], usub(lemma, 1, 1), ordered_seen_ids[1]) end else return ("For %s, page exists but has no %s section"):format(lang_lemma, langname) end else return ("For %s, couldn't fetch contents for page; page may not exist"):format(lang_lemma) end else return ("Bad %s; couldn't create title object"):format(lang_lemma) end end return export a48kv822ejru9p1jad6kscr9c3wa0ak 0 1423028 9959915 6313588 2026-11-03T11:24:41Z TongcyDai 53191 9959915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Appendix:"ia"的變體}} ==跨語言== ===詞源=== {{etymon|mul|id=詞綴|:der|la:-ia|grc:-ία}} 源自{{der|mul|la|-ia}} 和{{der|mul|grc|-ία}}、{{m|grc|-εια}}，用於構成陰性抽象名詞。 ===後綴=== {{head|mul|後綴|g=f}} {{tlb|mul|分類學}} # {{non-gloss|用於構成分類學名稱，尤其是附在人名（通常為科學家或贊助人）後以構成屬名}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|mul}} ==英語== ===詞源1=== {{etymon|en|:der|la:-ia<id:抽象名詞>|id=國名}} 源自{{der|en|la|-ia}} 和{{der|en|grc|-ία}}、{{m|grc|-εια}}，用於構成陰性抽象名詞。 ====後綴==== {{en-suffix|cat2=構成專有名詞的後綴|cat3=構成名詞的後綴}} # {{senseid|en|地名}} {{non-gloss|用於構成[[地名]]，尤其是[[國名]]}} # {{senseid|en|疾病}} {{non-gloss|用於構成[[病名]]（[[疾病]]名稱）}} # {{senseid|en|花卉}} {{non-gloss|用於構成[[花卉]]名稱}} # {{senseid|en|集合}} {{lb|en|rare}} {{non-gloss|用於構成事物的[[集合]]名}} #: {{syn|en|-ana|-ica}} #: {{m|en|militar'''ia'''}}、{{m|en|delet'''ia'''}}、{{m|en|Oriental'''ia'''}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|en|id=地名}} {{suffixsee|en|id=疾病}} {{suffixsee|en}} =====參見===== * {{l|en|-ian}} ===詞源2=== 源自相應的{{der|en|la|-}}與{{der|en|grc|-}}複數名詞詞尾。 ====後綴==== {{en-suffix|cat2=屈折後綴}} # {{senseid|en|複數}} {{n-g|用於構成以 {{m|en|-ium}} 和 {{m|en|-ion}} 結尾的名詞複數}} ===詞源3=== {{bor+|en|la|-ia}}，為 {{m|la|-ius}} 的陰性形，後者為構成形容詞的後綴，亦為多數古典拉丁語[[氏族名]]的結尾。 ====後綴==== {{en-suffix}} # {{senseid|en|女性名字}} {{non-gloss|用於構成[[女性]][[名字]]}} #: {{m|en|Crystall'''ia'''}}、{{m|en|Edmond'''ia'''}}、{{m|en|Edward'''ia'''}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|en|id=女性名字}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=ai|A-I|AI|Ai|a.i.|ai}} ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===後綴=== {{head|ca|後綴變格形|名詞|g=f}} # {{non-gloss|加在形容詞後構成名詞，表示[[狀態]]、[[情況]]或[[性質]]}} #: {{suffixusex|ca|covard|t1=懦夫|covardia|t2=怯懦}} # {{non-gloss|構成職位或職務名稱}} #: {{suffixusex|ca|comptador|t1=會計師|comptadoria|t2=會計職務}} # {{non-gloss|構成[[地名]]}} #: {{suffixusex|ca|occità|t1=奧克人|Occitània|t2=奧克西塔尼亞}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|ca}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:ca:GDLC}} * {{R:ca:DNV}} ==芬蘭語== ===詞源1=== {{ety|fi|id=動詞}} {{inh+|fi|urj-fin-pro|*-idak}}，{{inh+|fi|urj-pro|*-j-}}。 ====發音==== {{fi-p|*}} ====後綴==== {{fi-suffix|動詞|var=iä|stem=i}} # {{non-gloss|主要構成表示重複動作（[[頻動詞]]）或持續動作（[[持續動詞]]）的[[及物動詞]]}} =====變位===== {{fi-conj-sallia|-|||a}} 注意若詞幹有[[階變]]，（幾乎總是）會保留。 =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|fi|id=動詞}} ====延伸閱讀==== * {{R:fi:SKRK}} ===詞源2=== {{ety|fi|id=地名}} 源自{{der|fi|la|-ia}} 和{{der|fi|grc|-ία}}、{{m|grc|-εια}}。 ====發音==== {{fi-p}} ====後綴==== {{fi-suffix|名詞}} # {{lb|fi|見於外來語}} {{non-gloss|用於構成[[地名]]}} =====變格===== 通常： {{fi-decl-kulkija|-i|a|n=sg}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|fi|id=地名}} ===詞源3=== {{ety|fi|id=名詞}} 源自{{der|fi|la|-ia}} 和{{der|fi|grc|-ίᾱ}}。 ====發音==== {{fi-p}} ====後綴==== {{fi-suffix|名詞}} # {{lb|fi|見於外來語}} {{non-gloss|源自拉丁語或希臘語詞根，用於構成[[抽象名詞]]}} =====變格===== 通常： {{fi-decl-kulkija|-i|a}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|fi|id=名詞}} ===詞源4=== {{ety|fi|id=副詞}} {{inh+|fi|urj-fin-pro||*-jak}}，為 {{m|urj-fin-pro|*-ja|pos=名詞源地名後綴|id=地名}} 的古 *''k''-向格（{{m|fi|-∅|-(k)|id=k-向格}}）。 ====發音==== {{fi-p|(*)}} ====後綴==== {{fi-suffix|形容詞|var=iä}} # {{n-g|構成部分[[副詞]]，主要表示方向}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|fi|id=副詞}} ===詞源5=== {{ety|fi|id=形容詞}} 參見 {{m|fi|-ea}}。 ====發音==== {{fi-p}} ====後綴==== {{fi-suffix|形容詞|var=iä}} {{tlb|fi|方言}} # {{alternative form of|fi|-ea}} =====用法說明===== * 用法與標準形式 {{m|fi||-ea}} 相同：例如 {{m|fi||korkia|t=高}}，標準形式作 {{m|fi|korkea}}。 * 常見於北奧斯特羅博斯尼亞和南奧斯特羅博斯尼亞方言，亦為佩賴珀赫亞方言以及東南方言（又稱「卡累利阿方言」）的主要形式。 * 此形式在19世紀前曾是標準形式，後被現行標準形式 {{m|fi||-ea}} 所取代。 ====參考資料==== * Erkki Savolainen，1998年，為東芬蘭大學編寫（[https://web.archive.org/web/20210513174102/http://sokl.uef.fi/aineistot/aidinkieli/murteet/ea-yhtym.html 存檔頁面]） ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|fi|a=ai|ai}} ==英格里亞語== ===詞源1=== {{etymid|izh|持續動詞}} {{inh+|izh|urj-fin-pro|*-idak}}。同源詞包括{{cog|fi|-ia}}。 ====發音==== * {{izh-p}} ====後綴==== {{izh-suffix|-iä}} # {{n-g|加在其他動詞後構成[[持續動詞]]}} #: {{suffixusex|izh|hypätä|t1=跳|hyppiä|t2=跳躍}} # {{n-g|構成表示涉及某名詞之持續動作的[[及物動詞]]}} #: {{suffixusex|izh|nokka|t1=鳥喙|nokkia|t2=啄}} # {{n-g|構成表示產生某名詞的[[不及物動詞]]}} #: {{suffixusex|izh|kukka|t1=花|kukkia|t2=開花}} #: {{suffixusex|izh|poika|t1=幼崽|poikia|t2=產仔}} =====變位===== {{izh-conj/oppia||}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|izh|id=持續動詞}} ===詞源2=== {{inh+|izh|urj-fin-pro|*-ëda}}。同源詞包括{{cog|fi|-ea}} 和{{cog|et|-e}}。 ====發音==== * {{izh-p}} ====後綴==== {{izh-suffix|-iä}} # {{senseid|izh|形容詞}} {{n-g|加在名詞或動詞後構成[[形容詞]]}} #: {{suffixusex|izh|pöörä|t1=輪子|pööriä|t2=圓的}} =====變格===== {{izh-decl/kana|i|i}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|izh|id=形容詞}} ==因特語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|ia|en|-ia}}、{{bor|ia|fr|-ie}}、{{bor|ia|it|-ia}}、{{bor|ia|pt|-ia}}/{{bor|ia|es|-ía}}，皆最終源自{{der|ia|la|-ia}}，源自{{der|ia|grc|-ία}}、{{m|grc|-εια}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|ia|/ˈi.a/}} ===後綴=== {{ia-suffix|n}} # {{ng|加在[[族稱]]或人名後構成名詞，表示國家、省份或地區}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|arabe|t1=阿拉伯人|Arabia|t2=阿拉伯}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|scoto|t1=蘇格蘭人|Scotia|t2=蘇格蘭}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|bulgare|t1=保加利亞人|Bulgaria|t2=保加利亞}} # {{ng|加在名詞後構成名詞，表示性質、地位或管轄權}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|coarde|t1=懦夫|coardia|t2=怯懦}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|infante|t1=嬰兒|infantia|t2=幼年}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|abbate|t1=修道院長|abbatia|t2=修道院長管區}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|capitano|t1=隊長|capitania|t2=隊長職務}} # {{ng|加在名詞後構成名詞，表示技藝、學科、實踐或機構、場所}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|geologo|t1=地質學家|geologia|t2=地質學}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|radiotoxicologo|t1=放射毒理學家|radiotoxicologia|t2=放射毒理學}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|idolatra|t1=偶像崇拜者|idolatria|t2=偶像崇拜}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|bottinero|t1=鞋匠|bottineria|t2=製鞋業；鞋店}} ====用法說明==== * 注意後綴 {{l|ia|-ia}} 中的 i 帶重音。 ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|ia}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:ia:Gode1955}} ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== {{etymon|it|:der|la:-ia<id:抽象名詞>|id=國名}} 源自{{der|it|grc|-ία}}。 ====發音==== {{it-pr|-ìa}} ====後綴==== {{it-noun|f}} # {{senseid|it|重音}} {{n-g|加在形容詞或名詞後構成表示[[狀態]]或[[情況]]的抽象名詞}} #: {{suffixusex|it|allegro|t1=歡樂的、高興的|allegria|t2=歡樂、愉快}} #: {{suffixusex|it|tiranno|t1=暴君|tirannia|t2=暴政}} # {{n-g|構成表示集體或社會地位的抽象名詞}} #: {{suffixusex|it|compagno|t1=同伴|compagnia|t2=陪伴；群體}} #: {{suffixusex|it|borghese|t1=資產階級的|borghesia|t2=資產階級}} # {{n-g|加在[[族稱]]後構成地名}} #: {{suffixusex|it|andaluso|t1=安達盧西亞人|Andalusia|t2=安達盧西亞}} # {{n-g|用於構成科技與學術術語，尤源自[[古希臘語]]詞彙}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|it|head=-ia (重音)}} ===詞源2=== 源自{{der|it|la|-ia}}，最終源自上述相同來源。 ====發音==== {{it-pr|-i̇a|-a<pre:{{qualifier|在硬腭輔音後}}>}} ====後綴==== {{it-noun|f}} # {{senseid|it|非重音}} {{lb|it|no longer productive}} {{n-g|派生後綴}} {{rfc-sense|it}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|it|head=-ia (非重音)}} ===派生詞彙=== {{suffixsee|it}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani|ia|-ìa}} * {{R:it:Treccani|ia_res-5e1d7b3c-001f-11de-9d89-0016357eee51|-ia}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=ai|-ai|ai|ài}} ==拉丁語== ===詞源1=== {{ety|la|id=抽象名詞|:nom|-ius<id:構成形容詞的後綴>|:influence|grc:-ίᾱ|pos=後綴}} 形容詞後綴 {{m|la|-ius}} 陰性形式的[[名詞化]]，源自原始意大利語 {{m|itc-pro||*-(i)jos}}。<ref>{{R:la:OHCGL|page=276}}</ref> 對照作為構成名詞後綴的 {{m|la|-ium}}。 偶爾源自{{der|la|grc|-ίᾱ}}、{{m|grc|-ία}} 和 {{m|grc|-εια}}，因此最終源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*-eh₂|*-i-eh₂}}。 ====後綴==== {{la-suffix-noun|-ia<1>}} # {{senseid|la|抽象名詞}} {{n-g|用於構成[[抽象名詞]]，通常加在以 {{l|la|-us}} 或（在後續拉丁語中較罕見）以 {{l|la|-ius}} 結尾的[[形容詞]]後，或加在[[現在分詞]]詞幹後，偶爾加在[[根名詞]]後}} #: ''加在現在分詞後：'' #:: {{suffixusex|la|absēns|absentia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|dēmēns|dēmentia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|valēns|valentia}} #: ''加在形容詞後：'' #:: {{syn|la|-iēs|g1=f|id1=名詞|-itiēs|-itia|-tās|-tūdō}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|audāx|audācia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|angustus|angustia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|fācundus|fācundia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|ignāvus|ignāvia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|opulentus|opulentia}} #: ''加在名詞後：'' #:: {{suffixusex|la|custōs|custōdia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|mīles|mīlitia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|victor|victōria}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|gōgrāvius|gōgrāvia}} {{lb|la|Medieval Latin}} #: {{lb|la|rare}} {{non-gloss|加在動詞詞根或現在時詞幹後}} #:: {{syn|la|-iēs|g=f|id=名詞}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|effingo|effigia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|furō|furia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|corrigō|corrigia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|exsequor|exsequia}} # {{senseid|la|地名}} {{n-g|用於構成國名，通常對應以 {{m|la|-us}} 結尾的族稱或國籍形容詞/名詞}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Graecus|Graecia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Gallus|Gallia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Persa<id:波斯人>|Persia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Dācus|Dācia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Thrāx|Thrācia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Hispānus|Hispānia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Britannus|Britannia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Germānus|Germānia}} =====變格===== {{la-ndecl|-ia<1>}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|la}} =====派生語彙===== {{topN}} * {{desc|it|-ia|bor=1}} * {{desctree|fro|-ie|bor=1}} * {{desc|scn|-ia|bor=1}} * {{desc|es|-ia|bor=1}} {{bottomN}} ===詞源2=== {{ety|la|nl=1}} ====後綴==== {{head|la|後綴變格形|head=-ia}} # {{inflection of|la|-s||nom//acc//voc|n|p}} ===參考資料=== <references /> ==毛利語== ===後綴=== {{head|mi|後綴}} # [[被動]]詞尾 ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|mi}} {{cln|mi|被動後綴}} ==波蘭語== ===詞源1=== {{ety|pl|id=名詞|:lbor|grc:-ίᾱ<id:抽象名詞>|text=+|tree=1}} ====發音==== {{pl-pr|ja}} ====後綴==== {{head|pl|後綴|g=f}} # {{n-g|加在名詞後構成表示學術、技藝、行業或狀態等抽象名詞}} #: {{suffixusex|pl|akuszer|t1=產科醫生|akuszeria|t2=產科學、助產術}} =====變格===== {{pl-ndecl|<f.genpli:j[archaic]>}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|pl}} =====參見===== * {{l|pl|-stwo}} ===詞源2=== {{ety|pl|nl=1}} ====發音==== {{pl-pr}} ====後綴==== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|-io}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:PWN}} ==葡萄牙語== ===發音=== {{pt-IPA}} ===詞源1=== {{ety|pt|id=名詞後綴|:der|la:-ia|grc:-εία|tree=+|text=+}} ====後綴==== {{pt-noun|f|-,+}} # {{non-gloss|加在形容詞後構成名詞，表示[[狀態]]、[[情況]]或[[性質]]}} #: {{syn|pt|-idade|-ção}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|alegre|t1=快樂的|alegria|t2=快樂}} # {{lb|pt|醫學}} {{non-gloss|用於構成病名}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|acéfalo|t1=無頭的、無腦的|acefalia|t2=無頭畸形、無腦畸形}} # {{non-gloss|構成職位或職務名稱}} #: {{syn|pt|-ado|-ato}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|governador|t1=州長、總督|governadoria|t2=州長（或總督）的職位或職務}} # {{non-gloss|構成[[地名]]}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|Brasil|t1=巴西|Brasília|t2=巴西利亞}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|pt}} ===詞源2=== {{ety|pt|:inh|id=動詞後綴|roa-opt:-ia<ety:der<la:-ēbam><la:-ēbat>>|tree=+}} {{inh+|pt|roa-opt|-ia}}，{{inh+|pt|la|-ēbam}}（第一人稱）和 {{m|la|-ēbat}}（第三人稱）。同源詞包括{{cog|gl,es|-ía}}。 ====後綴==== {{pt-suffix form|動詞}} # {{n-g|表示以 {{m|pt|-er}} 和 {{m|pt|-ir}} 結尾動詞的[[直陳式]][[過去未完成時]][[第一人稱單數]]}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|comer|t1=吃|comia|t2=［我］過去常吃}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|unir|t1=聯合|unia|t2=［我］過去常聯合}} # {{n-g|表示以 {{m|pt|-er}} 和 {{m|pt|-ir}} 結尾動詞的[[直陳式]][[過去未完成時]][[第三人稱單數]]}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|comer|t1=吃|comia|t2=［他/她/它］過去常吃}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|unir|t1=聯合|unia|t2=［他/她/它］過去常聯合}} =====參見===== * {{l|pt|-ava}} ===詞源3=== {{ety|pt|id=有|:der|havia<ety:der<haver>>|tree=+}} {{m|pt|havia}} 的縮減形式，後者為 {{m|pt|haver}} 的過去未完成時形式。 ====後綴==== {{pt-suffix form|動詞}} # {{non-gloss|附加於動詞不定式後，構成動詞的[[第一人稱單數]]及[[第三人稱單數]][[條件式]]}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|comer|t1=吃|comeria|t2=我/他/她/它會吃}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pt:Aulete}} * {{R:pt:Priberam}} ==羅馬尼亞語== {{etymon|ro|:der|la:-ia<id:抽象名詞>|id=國名}} ===後綴=== {{ro-suffix}} # {{noun form of|ro|-ie||def|s}}，通常用於[[地名]] ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|ro}} ==西班牙語== ===詞源=== {{ety|es|:der|la:-ia|grc:-εία|tree=+|text=+}} ===發音=== {{es-pr|raw:/-ja/|rhyme=-|hyph=+}} ===後綴=== {{es-noun|f}} # {{non-gloss|出現在陰性名詞中，通常為抽象名詞，多數繼承自[[拉丁語]]}} #: {{suffixusex|es|eficaz|t1=有效的|eficacia|t2=效力}} # {{non-gloss|構成[[地名]]}} #: {{suffixusex|es|Brasil|t1=巴西|Brasilia|t2=巴西利亞}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|es}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:es:DRAE}} ==斯瓦希里語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|sw|[[-lia]]/[[-lea]]}} ===詞源=== {{etymon|sw|:inh|bnt-sab-pro:*-ila<alt:*-ila/*-ela>|text=++}} 在薩巴基語群中，與{{cog|zdj|-ia}}/{{m|zdj|-ea}} 和{{cog|nyf|-ira}}/{{m|nyf|-era}} 同源。其他班圖語同源詞包括{{cog|rw|-ira}}/{{m|rw|-era}} 和{{cog|zu|-ela}}。 ===後綴=== {{head|sw|後綴|中元音和諧變體|-ea}} # [[為]]、[[替]]{{gl|指向某對象、意在歸屬}}、{{n-g|[[應用後綴]]}} #: {{suffixusex|sw|lipa<alt:-lipa><t:支付>|lipia<alt:-lipia><t:為……支付>}} #: {{suffixusex|sw|jibu<alt:-jibu><t:回答>|jibia<alt:-jibia><t:向……回答、為……負責>}} #: {{suffixusex|sw|soma<alt:-soma><t:閱讀>|altaff=-ea|somea<alt:-somea><t:讀給……聽、為……閱讀>}} # {{senseid|sw|反義}} {{lb|sw|rare}} {{n-g|反義後綴}} #: {{suffixusex|sw|nuka<alt:-nuka><t:發臭>|nukia<alt:-nukia><t:散發香氣>}} #: {{suffixusex|sw|hama<alt:-hama><t:遷出、搬離>|hamia<alt:-hamia><t:遷入、搬到>}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|sw}} * {{catlink|斯瓦希里語應用動詞}} {{suffixsee|sw|head=-ia (反義)}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:Lodhi:2002|section=3.2.4|page=11}} 4355fy1qux7dr76rpkspbhy9ymeawsx 9959916 9959915 2026-11-03T11:25:42Z TongcyDai 53191 9959916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Appendix:"ia"的變體}} ==跨語言== ===詞源=== {{etymon|mul|id=詞綴|:der|la:-ia|grc:-ία}} 源自{{der|mul|la|-ia}} 和{{der|mul|grc|-ία}}、{{m|grc|-εια}}，用於構成陰性抽象名詞。 ===後綴=== {{head|mul|後綴|g=f}} {{tlb|mul|分類學}} # {{non-gloss|用於構成分類學名稱，尤其是附在人名（通常為科學家或贊助人）後以構成屬名}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|mul}} ==英語== ===詞源1=== {{etymon|en|:der|la:-ia<id:抽象名詞>|id=國名}} 源自{{der|en|la|-ia}} 和{{der|en|grc|-ία}}、{{m|grc|-εια}}，用於構成陰性抽象名詞。 ====後綴==== {{en-suffix|cat2=構成專有名詞的後綴|cat3=構成名詞的後綴}} # {{senseid|en|地名}} {{non-gloss|用於構成[[地名]]，尤其是[[國名]]}} # {{senseid|en|疾病}} {{non-gloss|用於構成[[病名]]（[[疾病]]名稱）}} # {{senseid|en|花卉}} {{non-gloss|用於構成[[花卉]]名稱}} # {{senseid|en|集合}} {{lb|en|rare}} {{non-gloss|用於構成事物的[[集合]]名}} #: {{syn|en|-ana|-ica}} #: {{m|en|militar'''ia'''}}、{{m|en|delet'''ia'''}}、{{m|en|Oriental'''ia'''}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|en|id=地名}} {{suffixsee|en|id=疾病}} {{suffixsee|en}} =====參見===== * {{l|en|-ian}} ===詞源2=== 源自相應的{{der|en|la|-}}與{{der|en|grc|-}}複數名詞詞尾。 ====後綴==== {{en-suffix|cat2=屈折後綴}} # {{senseid|en|複數}} {{n-g|用於構成以 {{m|en|-ium}} 和 {{m|en|-ion}} 結尾的名詞複數}} ===詞源3=== {{bor+|en|la|-ia}}，為 {{m|la|-ius}} 的陰性形，後者為構成形容詞的後綴，亦為多數古典拉丁語[[氏族]]名的結尾。 ====後綴==== {{en-suffix}} # {{senseid|en|女性名字}} {{non-gloss|用於構成[[女性]][[名字]]}} #: {{m|en|Crystall'''ia'''}}、{{m|en|Edmond'''ia'''}}、{{m|en|Edward'''ia'''}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|en|id=女性名字}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=ai|A-I|AI|Ai|a.i.|ai}} ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===後綴=== {{head|ca|後綴變格形|名詞|g=f}} # {{non-gloss|加在形容詞後構成名詞，表示[[狀態]]、[[情況]]或[[性質]]}} #: {{suffixusex|ca|covard|t1=懦夫|covardia|t2=怯懦}} # {{non-gloss|構成職位或職務名稱}} #: {{suffixusex|ca|comptador|t1=會計師|comptadoria|t2=會計職務}} # {{non-gloss|構成[[地名]]}} #: {{suffixusex|ca|occità|t1=奧克人|Occitània|t2=奧克西塔尼亞}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|ca}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:ca:GDLC}} * {{R:ca:DNV}} ==芬蘭語== ===詞源1=== {{ety|fi|id=動詞}} {{inh+|fi|urj-fin-pro|*-idak}}，{{inh+|fi|urj-pro|*-j-}}。 ====發音==== {{fi-p|*}} ====後綴==== {{fi-suffix|動詞|var=iä|stem=i}} # {{non-gloss|主要構成表示重複動作（[[頻動詞]]）或持續動作（[[持續動詞]]）的[[及物動詞]]}} =====變位===== {{fi-conj-sallia|-|||a}} 注意若詞幹有[[階變]]，（幾乎總是）會保留。 =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|fi|id=動詞}} ====延伸閱讀==== * {{R:fi:SKRK}} ===詞源2=== {{ety|fi|id=地名}} 源自{{der|fi|la|-ia}} 和{{der|fi|grc|-ία}}、{{m|grc|-εια}}。 ====發音==== {{fi-p}} ====後綴==== {{fi-suffix|名詞}} # {{lb|fi|見於外來語}} {{non-gloss|用於構成[[地名]]}} =====變格===== 通常： {{fi-decl-kulkija|-i|a|n=sg}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|fi|id=地名}} ===詞源3=== {{ety|fi|id=名詞}} 源自{{der|fi|la|-ia}} 和{{der|fi|grc|-ίᾱ}}。 ====發音==== {{fi-p}} ====後綴==== {{fi-suffix|名詞}} # {{lb|fi|見於外來語}} {{non-gloss|源自拉丁語或希臘語詞根，用於構成[[抽象名詞]]}} =====變格===== 通常： {{fi-decl-kulkija|-i|a}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|fi|id=名詞}} ===詞源4=== {{ety|fi|id=副詞}} {{inh+|fi|urj-fin-pro||*-jak}}，為 {{m|urj-fin-pro|*-ja|pos=名詞源地名後綴|id=地名}} 的古 *''k''-向格（{{m|fi|-∅|-(k)|id=k-向格}}）。 ====發音==== {{fi-p|(*)}} ====後綴==== {{fi-suffix|形容詞|var=iä}} # {{n-g|構成部分[[副詞]]，主要表示方向}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|fi|id=副詞}} ===詞源5=== {{ety|fi|id=形容詞}} 參見 {{m|fi|-ea}}。 ====發音==== {{fi-p}} ====後綴==== {{fi-suffix|形容詞|var=iä}} {{tlb|fi|方言}} # {{alternative form of|fi|-ea}} =====用法說明===== * 用法與標準形式 {{m|fi||-ea}} 相同：例如 {{m|fi||korkia|t=高}}，標準形式作 {{m|fi|korkea}}。 * 常見於北奧斯特羅博斯尼亞和南奧斯特羅博斯尼亞方言，亦為佩賴珀赫亞方言以及東南方言（又稱「卡累利阿方言」）的主要形式。 * 此形式在19世紀前曾是標準形式，後被現行標準形式 {{m|fi||-ea}} 所取代。 ====參考資料==== * Erkki Savolainen，1998年，為東芬蘭大學編寫（[https://web.archive.org/web/20210513174102/http://sokl.uef.fi/aineistot/aidinkieli/murteet/ea-yhtym.html 存檔頁面]） ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|fi|a=ai|ai}} ==英格里亞語== ===詞源1=== {{etymid|izh|持續動詞}} {{inh+|izh|urj-fin-pro|*-idak}}。同源詞包括{{cog|fi|-ia}}。 ====發音==== * {{izh-p}} ====後綴==== {{izh-suffix|-iä}} # {{n-g|加在其他動詞後構成[[持續動詞]]}} #: {{suffixusex|izh|hypätä|t1=跳|hyppiä|t2=跳躍}} # {{n-g|構成表示涉及某名詞之持續動作的[[及物動詞]]}} #: {{suffixusex|izh|nokka|t1=鳥喙|nokkia|t2=啄}} # {{n-g|構成表示產生某名詞的[[不及物動詞]]}} #: {{suffixusex|izh|kukka|t1=花|kukkia|t2=開花}} #: {{suffixusex|izh|poika|t1=幼崽|poikia|t2=產仔}} =====變位===== {{izh-conj/oppia||}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|izh|id=持續動詞}} ===詞源2=== {{inh+|izh|urj-fin-pro|*-ëda}}。同源詞包括{{cog|fi|-ea}} 和{{cog|et|-e}}。 ====發音==== * {{izh-p}} ====後綴==== {{izh-suffix|-iä}} # {{senseid|izh|形容詞}} {{n-g|加在名詞或動詞後構成[[形容詞]]}} #: {{suffixusex|izh|pöörä|t1=輪子|pööriä|t2=圓的}} =====變格===== {{izh-decl/kana|i|i}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|izh|id=形容詞}} ==因特語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|ia|en|-ia}}、{{bor|ia|fr|-ie}}、{{bor|ia|it|-ia}}、{{bor|ia|pt|-ia}}/{{bor|ia|es|-ía}}，皆最終源自{{der|ia|la|-ia}}，源自{{der|ia|grc|-ία}}、{{m|grc|-εια}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|ia|/ˈi.a/}} ===後綴=== {{ia-suffix|n}} # {{ng|加在[[族稱]]或人名後構成名詞，表示國家、省份或地區}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|arabe|t1=阿拉伯人|Arabia|t2=阿拉伯}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|scoto|t1=蘇格蘭人|Scotia|t2=蘇格蘭}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|bulgare|t1=保加利亞人|Bulgaria|t2=保加利亞}} # {{ng|加在名詞後構成名詞，表示性質、地位或管轄權}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|coarde|t1=懦夫|coardia|t2=怯懦}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|infante|t1=嬰兒|infantia|t2=幼年}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|abbate|t1=修道院長|abbatia|t2=修道院長管區}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|capitano|t1=隊長|capitania|t2=隊長職務}} # {{ng|加在名詞後構成名詞，表示技藝、學科、實踐或機構、場所}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|geologo|t1=地質學家|geologia|t2=地質學}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|radiotoxicologo|t1=放射毒理學家|radiotoxicologia|t2=放射毒理學}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|idolatra|t1=偶像崇拜者|idolatria|t2=偶像崇拜}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|bottinero|t1=鞋匠|bottineria|t2=製鞋業；鞋店}} ====用法說明==== * 注意後綴 {{l|ia|-ia}} 中的 i 帶重音。 ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|ia}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:ia:Gode1955}} ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== {{etymon|it|:der|la:-ia<id:抽象名詞>|id=國名}} 源自{{der|it|grc|-ία}}。 ====發音==== {{it-pr|-ìa}} ====後綴==== {{it-noun|f}} # {{senseid|it|重音}} {{n-g|加在形容詞或名詞後構成表示[[狀態]]或[[情況]]的抽象名詞}} #: {{suffixusex|it|allegro|t1=歡樂的、高興的|allegria|t2=歡樂、愉快}} #: {{suffixusex|it|tiranno|t1=暴君|tirannia|t2=暴政}} # {{n-g|構成表示集體或社會地位的抽象名詞}} #: {{suffixusex|it|compagno|t1=同伴|compagnia|t2=陪伴；群體}} #: {{suffixusex|it|borghese|t1=資產階級的|borghesia|t2=資產階級}} # {{n-g|加在[[族稱]]後構成地名}} #: {{suffixusex|it|andaluso|t1=安達盧西亞人|Andalusia|t2=安達盧西亞}} # {{n-g|用於構成科技與學術術語，尤源自[[古希臘語]]詞彙}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|it|head=-ia (重音)}} ===詞源2=== 源自{{der|it|la|-ia}}，最終源自上述相同來源。 ====發音==== {{it-pr|-i̇a|-a<pre:{{qualifier|在硬腭輔音後}}>}} ====後綴==== {{it-noun|f}} # {{senseid|it|非重音}} {{lb|it|no longer productive}} {{n-g|派生後綴}} {{rfc-sense|it}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|it|head=-ia (非重音)}} ===派生詞彙=== {{suffixsee|it}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani|ia|-ìa}} * {{R:it:Treccani|ia_res-5e1d7b3c-001f-11de-9d89-0016357eee51|-ia}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=ai|-ai|ai|ài}} ==拉丁語== ===詞源1=== {{ety|la|id=抽象名詞|:nom|-ius<id:構成形容詞的後綴>|:influence|grc:-ίᾱ|pos=後綴}} 形容詞後綴 {{m|la|-ius}} 陰性形式的[[名詞化]]，源自原始意大利語 {{m|itc-pro||*-(i)jos}}。<ref>{{R:la:OHCGL|page=276}}</ref> 對照作為構成名詞後綴的 {{m|la|-ium}}。 偶爾源自{{der|la|grc|-ίᾱ}}、{{m|grc|-ία}} 和 {{m|grc|-εια}}，因此最終源自{{der|la|ine-pro|*-eh₂|*-i-eh₂}}。 ====後綴==== {{la-suffix-noun|-ia<1>}} # {{senseid|la|抽象名詞}} {{n-g|用於構成[[抽象名詞]]，通常加在以 {{l|la|-us}} 或（在後續拉丁語中較罕見）以 {{l|la|-ius}} 結尾的[[形容詞]]後，或加在[[現在分詞]]詞幹後，偶爾加在[[根名詞]]後}} #: ''加在現在分詞後：'' #:: {{suffixusex|la|absēns|absentia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|dēmēns|dēmentia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|valēns|valentia}} #: ''加在形容詞後：'' #:: {{syn|la|-iēs|g1=f|id1=名詞|-itiēs|-itia|-tās|-tūdō}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|audāx|audācia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|angustus|angustia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|fācundus|fācundia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|ignāvus|ignāvia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|opulentus|opulentia}} #: ''加在名詞後：'' #:: {{suffixusex|la|custōs|custōdia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|mīles|mīlitia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|victor|victōria}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|gōgrāvius|gōgrāvia}} {{lb|la|Medieval Latin}} #: {{lb|la|rare}} {{non-gloss|加在動詞詞根或現在時詞幹後}} #:: {{syn|la|-iēs|g=f|id=名詞}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|effingo|effigia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|furō|furia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|corrigō|corrigia}} #:: {{suffixusex|la|exsequor|exsequia}} # {{senseid|la|地名}} {{n-g|用於構成國名，通常對應以 {{m|la|-us}} 結尾的族稱或國籍形容詞/名詞}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Graecus|Graecia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Gallus|Gallia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Persa<id:波斯人>|Persia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Dācus|Dācia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Thrāx|Thrācia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Hispānus|Hispānia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Britannus|Britannia}} #: {{suffixusex|la|Germānus|Germānia}} =====變格===== {{la-ndecl|-ia<1>}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|la}} =====派生語彙===== {{topN}} * {{desc|it|-ia|bor=1}} * {{desctree|fro|-ie|bor=1}} * {{desc|scn|-ia|bor=1}} * {{desc|es|-ia|bor=1}} {{bottomN}} ===詞源2=== {{ety|la|nl=1}} ====後綴==== {{head|la|後綴變格形|head=-ia}} # {{inflection of|la|-s||nom//acc//voc|n|p}} ===參考資料=== <references /> ==毛利語== ===後綴=== {{head|mi|後綴}} # [[被動]]詞尾 ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|mi}} {{cln|mi|被動後綴}} ==波蘭語== ===詞源1=== {{ety|pl|id=名詞|:lbor|grc:-ίᾱ<id:抽象名詞>|text=+|tree=1}} ====發音==== {{pl-pr|ja}} ====後綴==== {{head|pl|後綴|g=f}} # {{n-g|加在名詞後構成表示學術、技藝、行業或狀態等抽象名詞}} #: {{suffixusex|pl|akuszer|t1=產科醫生|akuszeria|t2=產科學、助產術}} =====變格===== {{pl-ndecl|<f.genpli:j[archaic]>}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|pl}} =====參見===== * {{l|pl|-stwo}} ===詞源2=== {{ety|pl|nl=1}} ====發音==== {{pl-pr}} ====後綴==== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|-io}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:PWN}} ==葡萄牙語== ===發音=== {{pt-IPA}} ===詞源1=== {{ety|pt|id=名詞後綴|:der|la:-ia|grc:-εία|tree=+|text=+}} ====後綴==== {{pt-noun|f|-,+}} # {{non-gloss|加在形容詞後構成名詞，表示[[狀態]]、[[情況]]或[[性質]]}} #: {{syn|pt|-idade|-ção}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|alegre|t1=快樂的|alegria|t2=快樂}} # {{lb|pt|醫學}} {{non-gloss|用於構成病名}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|acéfalo|t1=無頭的、無腦的|acefalia|t2=無頭畸形、無腦畸形}} # {{non-gloss|構成職位或職務名稱}} #: {{syn|pt|-ado|-ato}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|governador|t1=州長、總督|governadoria|t2=州長（或總督）的職位或職務}} # {{non-gloss|構成[[地名]]}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|Brasil|t1=巴西|Brasília|t2=巴西利亞}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|pt}} ===詞源2=== {{ety|pt|:inh|id=動詞後綴|roa-opt:-ia<ety:der<la:-ēbam><la:-ēbat>>|tree=+}} {{inh+|pt|roa-opt|-ia}}，{{inh+|pt|la|-ēbam}}（第一人稱）和 {{m|la|-ēbat}}（第三人稱）。同源詞包括{{cog|gl,es|-ía}}。 ====後綴==== {{pt-suffix form|動詞}} # {{n-g|表示以 {{m|pt|-er}} 和 {{m|pt|-ir}} 結尾動詞的[[直陳式]][[過去未完成時]][[第一人稱]][[單數]]}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|comer|t1=吃|comia|t2=［我］過去常吃}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|unir|t1=聯合|unia|t2=［我］過去常聯合}} # {{n-g|表示以 {{m|pt|-er}} 和 {{m|pt|-ir}} 結尾動詞的[[直陳式]][[過去未完成時]][[第三人稱]][[單數]]}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|comer|t1=吃|comia|t2=［他/她/它］過去常吃}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|unir|t1=聯合|unia|t2=［他/她/它］過去常聯合}} =====參見===== * {{l|pt|-ava}} ===詞源3=== {{ety|pt|id=有|:der|havia<ety:der<haver>>|tree=+}} {{m|pt|havia}} 的縮減形式，後者為 {{m|pt|haver}} 的過去未完成時形式。 ====後綴==== {{pt-suffix form|動詞}} # {{non-gloss|附加於動詞不定式後，構成動詞的[[第一人稱]][[單數]]及[[第三人稱]][[單數]][[條件式]]}} #: {{suffixusex|pt|comer|t1=吃|comeria|t2=我/他/她/它會吃}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pt:Aulete}} * {{R:pt:Priberam}} ==羅馬尼亞語== {{etymon|ro|:der|la:-ia<id:抽象名詞>|id=國名}} ===後綴=== {{ro-suffix}} # {{noun form of|ro|-ie||def|s}}，通常用於[[地名]] ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|ro}} ==西班牙語== ===詞源=== {{ety|es|:der|la:-ia|grc:-εία|tree=+|text=+}} ===發音=== {{es-pr|raw:/-ja/|rhyme=-|hyph=+}} ===後綴=== {{es-noun|f}} # {{non-gloss|出現在陰性名詞中，通常為抽象名詞，多數繼承自[[拉丁語]]}} #: {{suffixusex|es|eficaz|t1=有效的|eficacia|t2=效力}} # {{non-gloss|構成[[地名]]}} #: {{suffixusex|es|Brasil|t1=巴西|Brasilia|t2=巴西利亞}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|es}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:es:DRAE}} ==斯瓦希里語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|sw|[[-lia]]/[[-lea]]}} ===詞源=== {{etymon|sw|:inh|bnt-sab-pro:*-ila<alt:*-ila/*-ela>|text=++}} 在薩巴基語群中，與{{cog|zdj|-ia}}/{{m|zdj|-ea}} 和{{cog|nyf|-ira}}/{{m|nyf|-era}} 同源。其他班圖語同源詞包括{{cog|rw|-ira}}/{{m|rw|-era}} 和{{cog|zu|-ela}}。 ===後綴=== {{head|sw|後綴|中元音和諧變體|-ea}} # [[為]]、[[替]]{{gl|指向某對象、意在歸屬}}、{{n-g|[[應用後綴]]}} #: {{suffixusex|sw|lipa<alt:-lipa><t:支付>|lipia<alt:-lipia><t:為……支付>}} #: {{suffixusex|sw|jibu<alt:-jibu><t:回答>|jibia<alt:-jibia><t:向……回答、為……負責>}} #: {{suffixusex|sw|soma<alt:-soma><t:閱讀>|altaff=-ea|somea<alt:-somea><t:讀給……聽、為……閱讀>}} # {{senseid|sw|反義}} {{lb|sw|rare}} {{n-g|反義後綴}} #: {{suffixusex|sw|nuka<alt:-nuka><t:發臭>|nukia<alt:-nukia><t:散發香氣>}} #: {{suffixusex|sw|hama<alt:-hama><t:遷出、搬離>|hamia<alt:-hamia><t:遷入、搬到>}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|sw}} * {{catlink|斯瓦希里語應用動詞}} {{suffixsee|sw|head=-ia (反義)}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:Lodhi:2002|section=3.2.4|page=11}} db99eocmskfaellhd4pnekzfcyyna9x 0 1423946 9959798 9892766 2026-11-03T10:43:10Z TongcyDai 53191 9959798 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===詞源=== {{ety|fr|:lbor|la-lat:exsistentiālis}} {{lbor|fr|la-lat|exsistentiālis}}，源自{{der|fr|la|existentia|t=存在}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-existentiel.wav|a=里昂}} * {{homophones|fr|existentielle|existentielles|existentiels}} * {{hyphenation|fr|ex|is|ten|tiel}} ===形容詞=== {{fr-adj}} # 與人類[[存在]]、[[生存]]有關的 ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|fr|crise existentielle}} * {{l|fr|existentialisme}} * {{l|fr|existentialiste}} * {{l|fr|quantificateur existentiel}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|fr|existence}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} b0rpfq6orzf2gyu21j9zk4vhpyvhmq5 0 1423947 9959797 7583410 2026-11-03T10:42:16Z TongcyDai 53191 9959797 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== {{wp|fr:}} ===詞源=== {{ety|fr|:af|existentiel|-isme}} 源自 {{af|fr|existentiel|-isme}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-existentialisme.wav|a=里昂}} * {{rhymes|fr|ism}} * {{homophones|fr|existentialismes}} * {{hyphenation|fr|ex|is|ten|tia|lisme}} ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|m}} # {{lb|fr|哲學}} [[存在主義]] ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|fr|existentialisme athée}} * {{l|fr|existentialisme chrétien}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|fr|existentialiste}} ====派生語彙==== {{top2}} * {{desc|da|eksistentialisme|bor=1}} * {{desc|et|eksistentsialism|bor=1}} * {{desc|pl|egzystencjalizm|bor=1}} * {{desc|ro|existențialism|bor=1}} * {{desc|sv|existentialism|bor=1}} * {{desc|tr|egzistansiyalizm|bor=1}} {{bottom}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} 42yz4pf3fw54243u8712d14ar759jnb 0 1423948 9959667 8799559 2026-11-03T08:42:53Z TongcyDai 53191 9959667 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:bor|fr:existentialisme|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== * {{pl-pr|a=Pl-egzystencjalizm.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} # [[存在主義]] ====變格==== {{pl-decl-noun-m-in|tantum=s}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|pl|egzystencja}} * {{l|pl|egzystencjalista}} * {{l|pl|egzystować}} * {{l|pl|egzystencjalny}} dunib9zs8bphgvsq8o0kn5k28rpka6l 9959671 9959667 2026-11-03T08:43:59Z TongcyDai 53191 9959671 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:bor|fr:existentialisme|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-egzystencjalizm.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} # [[存在主義]] ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.inan.sg>}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|pl|egzystencja|egzystencjalista|egzystować|egzystencjalny}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{cln|pl|含有後綴-izm的詞}} r0gppedl2xe36zceu8yrpqgmsw6wa2l 0 1424272 9959946 7707268 2026-11-03T11:39:17Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959946 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日语== ===罗马字=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|オガネソン}} ==巴斯克语== {{Wikipedia|lang=eu}} {{elements|eu|Og|teneso|Ts||}} ===名词=== {{head|eu|名词}} # {{化}}[[鿫]]（第118号元素） ==朝鲜语== ===罗马字=== '''oganeson''' # [[오가네손]]的罗马字转写 ==拉脫維亞語== ===名词=== {{head|lv|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|lv|oganesons||voc|s}} ==波兰语== {{Wikipedia|lang=pl}} {{elements|pl|Og|tenes|Ts||}} ===名词=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} #{{化}}[[鿫]]（第118号元素） ====变格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.inan.sg>}} 7zvwkk5fb3yoj2rnt1gmnuinvsrf96o 0 1490541 9959647 9873546 2026-11-03T04:34:54Z Chihunglu83 87715 9959647 wikitext text/x-wiki ==捷克語== ===發音=== * {{cs-IPA}} * {{audio|cs|Cs-strkat.ogg|音頻}} ===動詞=== {{cs-verb|a=impf|pf=strčit}} # [[擠]]，[[推推搡搡]] ====變位==== {{cs-conj-děl-at|strk|aspect=i}} ===拓展閲讀=== * {{R:cs:PSJC|strkati}} * {{R:SSJC|strkati}} rk5mefxem5o8sjbofzkskqctpkrot4w 0 1495030 9959928 8799749 2026-11-03T11:38:38Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959928 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== * {{pl-pr|a=Pl-podstawowy.ogg}} ===形容詞=== {{pl-adj|-|adv=-}} # [[基本]]的，[[基礎]]的 ====變格==== {{pl-adecl}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:PWN}} 8us3tkm53mde0md1f5twte2h3xzpg84 0 1502488 9959937 8748170 2026-11-03T11:38:58Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959937 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== {{wiki|lang=pl}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*pěsnь}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-pieśń.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f|adj=pieśniowy|adj2=pieśniany<q:poetic, rare>}} # {{lb|pl|書面}} [[歌]]，[[謠]] ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<f.nompli>}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:PWN}} j6vqwywcdarvexlkdqodtt0jiwhd8cr 0 1514909 9959589 6047306 2026-11-02T16:31:10Z TongcyDai 53191 9959589 wikitext text/x-wiki ==印尼語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|id|nl|monseigneur}}，源自{{der|id|fr|monseigneur}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|id|[mɔnˈsi.ɲʊr]}} * {{hyphenation|id|mon|si|nyur}} ===名詞=== {{id-noun}} # {{lb|id|天主教}} [[蒙席]] ====其他形式==== * {{alt|id|monseigneur||未同化借詞}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:KBBI Daring}} t1lxa36mct5l39ldh2l3sypqz4ubxr2 0 1538889 9959805 6083485 2026-11-03T10:45:51Z TongcyDai 53191 9959805 wikitext text/x-wiki ==瑞典語== ===形容詞=== {{head|sv|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|sv|existentiell||def|s|;|p}} 02x4tnozmkohnzsr1o0atxpi8zq2mev 0 1538890 9959801 6083486 2026-11-03T10:43:25Z TongcyDai 53191 9959801 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-existentielle.wav|a=里昂}} * {{homophones|fr|existentiel|existentielles|existentiels}} * {{hyphenation|fr|ex|is|ten|tielle}} ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|existentiel}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlə/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentielle.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} ==瑞典語== ===形容詞=== {{head|sv|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|sv|existentiell||def|natm|s}} qi8sksivgjrqdzj1jv9xm3w8adjwwmx 0 1538891 9959804 6083487 2026-11-03T10:45:48Z TongcyDai 53191 9959804 wikitext text/x-wiki ==瑞典語== ===形容詞=== {{head|sv|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|sv|existentiell||indef|n|s}} a5qqlq9a2yjzjza2xj8hchwls9h35y8 0 1543522 9959922 8748256 2026-11-03T11:38:27Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959922 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*čьjь}}，源自{{der|pl|ine-pro|*kʷi-y-}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-czyj.ogg}} ===代詞=== {{head|pl|代詞|g=m}} # [[誰]]的{{gl|疑問代詞}} ====變格==== {{pl-adecl|<irreg.pos:pronoun>}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col3|pl|czyjś|czyjkolwiek}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} 5h49a2ox6lcvod2v9e5on8qto7owk2u 0 1603229 9959943 9820702 2026-11-03T11:39:10Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Skunks}} ==英語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/skʌŋks/}} * {{rhymes|en|ʌŋks|s=1}} ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|skunk}} ===動詞=== {{head|en|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|en|skunk||s-verb-form}} ==法語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|fr|sconce}} * {{alt|fr|scons}} * {{alt|fr|sconse||post-1990}} * {{alt|fr|scunse}} * {{alt|fr|skons}} * {{alt|fr|skongs}} * {{alt|fr|skuns}} ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|sconse}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï-skunks.wav|a=里昂}} ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|m}} # [[臭鼬]] #: {{syn|fr|mouffette<g:f>|;|bête-puante<q:路易斯安那><g:f>}} ====近義詞==== * {{l|fr|moufette}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|ro|sconcs|bor=1}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:fr:TLFi}} {{C|fr|臭鼬科動物}} ==波蘭語== {{wp|pl:}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|pl|en|skunks}}，{{m|en|skunk}} 的複數，源自一未見諸記載的新英格蘭地區南部阿爾岡昆語詞彙，與{{der|pl|abe|segôgw}} 同源，源自{{der|pl|alg-pro|*šeka·kwa}}，源自 {{m|alg-pro|*šek-}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-skunks.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-anml}} # [[臭鼬]] #: {{syn|pl|śmierdziel}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.anml>}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{C|pl|臭鼬科動物}} ==瑞典語== ===名詞=== {{head|sv|名詞變格形}} # {{noun form of|sv|skunk||indef|gen|s}} 8pc9j3kdffsrjbul6kt2ctizz6qfhbl 0 1685961 9959652 9945872 2026-11-03T06:31:46Z YeBoy371 43905 9959652 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日语== {{rfquote|ja}} {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|あし|alt=足こき,足扱き:罕用}} {{wikipedia|lang=ja}} ===詞源=== {{ja-compound|足|あし|扱き|こき|linkto2=-|t1=腳|pos2={{ja-etym-renyokei|扱く|こく|捋|nodot=1}}}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|あしコキ|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|あしコキ}} # [[足交]]，以[[腳掌]]刺激[[性器]] ====相關詞彙==== * {{ja-r|手コキ|てコキ}} * {{ja-r|脚コキ|あしコキ|[[腳交]]，以大腿、小腿刺激性器}} {{C|ja|性}} fy2k4avar36azff99hv824mqioy9vie 9959654 9959652 2026-11-03T06:33:11Z YeBoy371 43905 9959654 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日语== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|あし|alt=足こき,足扱き:罕用}} {{wikipedia|lang=ja}} ===詞源=== {{ja-compound|足|あし|扱き|こき|linkto2=-|t1=腳|pos2={{ja-etym-renyokei|扱く|こく|捋|nodot=1}}}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|あしコキ|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|あしコキ}} # [[足交]]，以[[腳掌]]刺激[[性器]] ====相關詞彙==== * {{ja-r|手コキ|てコキ}} * {{ja-r|脚コキ|あしコキ|[[腳交]]，以大腿、小腿刺激性器}} {{C|ja|性}} kwdfh9mhzg4rghc23vyaphon97ertro 9959658 9959654 2026-11-03T06:50:33Z YeBoy371 43905 /* 相關詞彙 */ 9959658 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日语== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|あし|alt=足こき,足扱き:罕用}} {{wikipedia|lang=ja}} ===詞源=== {{ja-compound|足|あし|扱き|こき|linkto2=-|t1=腳|pos2={{ja-etym-renyokei|扱く|こく|捋|nodot=1}}}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|あしコキ|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|あしコキ}} # [[足交]]，以[[腳掌]]刺激[[性器]] ====相關詞彙==== * {{ja-r|手コキ|てコキ}} * {{ja-r|脚コキ|あしコキ}} {{C|ja|性}} 8qndazgtn40xz1yucq2rj1nlai806jj 0 1686840 9959674 8458029 2026-11-03T08:52:05Z TongcyDai 53191 9959674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Appendix:"too"的變體}} ==愛沙尼亞語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|et|urj-fin-pro|*töö}}，{{inh+|et|fiu-pro|*tewe}}。 ===發音=== * {{et-IPA}} * {{rhymes|et|øː|s=1}} * {{hyph|et|töö}} ===名詞=== {{et-noun|töö|tööd}} # [[工作]] # [[作品]]，[[成果]] # {{lb|et|物理學}} [[功]] # [[工作]] ====變格==== {{et-decl-idee|töö}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|et|title=名詞 |tööline |tööndus |tööstus}} {{col|et|title=形容詞 |töine |töökas |töötu}} {{col|et|title=動詞 |töötama}} {{col|et|title=短語 |end töölt lahti võtma |ennast töölt lahti võtma |istuv töö |jõudu tööle |käed-jalad tööd täis |märg töö |paranduslik töö |puhast tööd tegema |selle töö juut |Sisyphose töö |tööd andma |tööd murdma |tööd tegema |töös olema |töösse minema |tühi töö ja vaimunärimine |üldkasulik töö}} ====複合詞==== {{col|et |abitöö |administratiivtöö |advokaaditöö |aednikutöö |agitatsioonitöö |ahjutöö |aiatöö |ajalehetöö |ajatöö |akordtöö |allmaatöö |allveetöö |ametiühingutöö |ametnikutöö |arendustöö |aretustöö |argipäevatöö |arhiivitöö |armatuuritööd |arstitöö |artellitöö |arvestustöö |auhinnatöö |avraaltöö |bakalaureusetöö |bakatöö |betoonitöö |brigaaditöö |brošeerimistöö |bürootöö |diplomitöö |doktoritöö |eeltöö |ehistöö |ehitustöö |eksamitöö |elavtöö |elutöö |ennetustöö |eratöö |esiktöö |ettevalmistustöö |farmitöö |filigraantöö |frontaaltöö |graveerimistöö |haridustöö |heakorrastustöö |heakorratöö |heegeldustöö |heinatöö |helitöö |hiigeltöö |hiiglatöö |hobutöö |hooajatöö |hoogtöö |hooldustöö |hoolekandetöö |hooletöö |hooratöö |hädaabitöö |hävitustöö |hõlptöö |hübriidtöö |ideoloogiatöö |igapäevatöö |individuaaltöö |inimtöö |inseneritöö |installatsioonitöö |istetöö |istumistöö |istutustöö |juhtimistöö |juhutöö |juudatöö |juuksuritöö |juveliiritöö |järeltöö |kaameratöö |kaardistustöö |kaastöö |kaevamistöö |kaevandamistöö |kaevetöö |kahatöö |kaitsetöö |kameraaltöö |kandidaaditöö |kantseleitöö |kapitaaltöö |kasvatustöö |katelsepatöö |katsetöö |kaugtöö |keevitustöö |kellassepatöö |kelneritöö |keretöö |kevadtöö |kihutustöö |kiirtöö |kindlustustöö |kingsepatöö |kirjanikutöö |kirjatöö |kirvetöö |kiviraiumistöö |klassitöö |klubitöö |kodutöö |kogumistöö |kolhoositöö |konkursitöö |kontoritöö |kontrolltöö |koolitöö |koostöö |koristustöö |korraldustöö |korrastustöö |kraavitöö |krohvitöö |kroonutöö |kudumistöö |kuivendustöö |kullassepatöö |kultuuritöö |kuluaaritöö |kunstitöö |kuritöö |kursusetöö |kursustöö |kustutustöö |kutsetöö |käsitsitöö |käsitöö |kätetöö |kääritöö |kõrgtöö |kõrvaltöö |köögitöö |köösneritöö |külvitöö |künnitöö |laadimistöö |laagritöö |laastamistöö |laastustöö |labidatöö |laboritöö |lastekaitsetöö |lastetöö |laudatöö |laudsepatöö |lavastajatöö |lehetöö |lepingutöö |leinatöö |leivatöö |lektoritöö |lihasetöö |lihttöö |lihunikutöö |linatöö |linditöö |linnukaitsetöö |lisatöö |lobitöö |looduskaitsetöö |loomatöö |loometöö |loomistöö |loovtöö |lossimistöö |lukksepatöö |lumekoristustöö |lunastustöö |lõhkamistöö |lõhketöö |lõikustöö |lõputöö |lööktöö |maakorraldustöö |maalritöö |maamõõdutöö |maaparandustöö |maatöö |magistritöö |majapidamistöö |masinakirjatöö |masinatöö |meeskonnatöö |meestetöö |mehetöö |meistritöö |melioratsioonitöö |metallitöö |metsatöö |ministritöö |misjonitöö |montaažitöö |montaažtöö |moonakatöö |muinsuskaitsetöö |mullaharimistööd |mullatöö |multitegumtöö |muskulaartöö |muuseumitöö |mäetöö |mõisatöö |mõrtsukatöö |mõttetöö |müügitöö |müüritöö |müürsepatöö |nahatöö |naistetöö |niidutöö |nikerdustöö |noatöö |noorsootöö |näitlejatöö |näputöö |nõelatöö |ootetöö |operaatoritöö |operatiivtöö |organiseerimistöö |orjatöö |osaajatöö |osapäevatöö |oskustöö |otsingutööd |paberitöö |pakketöö |palgatöö |paljandustöö |papitöö |parandustöö |parlamenditöö |parteitöö |patutöö |pealmaatöö |peatöö |pedagoogitöö |peentöö |peretöö |personalitöö |pioneeritöö |pisitöö |planeerimistöö |platvormitöö |plekitöö |plekksepatöö |pottsepatöö |praaktöö |projektitöö |proovitöö |puhastustöö |puidutöö |puistetöö |punumistöö |purustustöö |puurimistöö |puurtöö |puusepatöö |puutöö |päevatöö |päristöö |päästetöö |põhitöö |põllutöö |pürotöö |püsitöö |püttsepatöö |raadiotöö |rahvavalgustustöö |raietöö |raketisetöö |rauatöö |raudbetoonitööd |rekonstrueerimistöö |remonditöö |remonttöö |renditöö |renoveerimistöö |restaureerimistöö |riigitöö |ringitöö |rändtöö |rätsepatöö |röövlitöö |rühmatöö |rüüstetöö |sadamatöö |sadulsepatöö |sanitaarharidustöö |sarrusetöö |savitöö |sekretäritöö |selektsioonitöö |selgitustöö |sellitöö |seminaritöö |sepatöö |sepistöö |sillutustöö |sisetöö |soojusisolatsioonitöö |soojustustöö |sordiaretustöö |sotsiaaltöö |sporditöö |stuudiotöö |suletöö |sundtöö |sunnitöö |suvetöö |sõnaraamatutöö |sõnavaratöö |sügistöö |süvendustöö |taastamistöö |taastetöö |taastustöö |taimekaitsetöö |talgutöö |talutöö |tapatöö |taputöö |tasemetöö |teadlasetöö |teadlastöö |teadustöö |teatritöö |teavitustöö |teehooldustöö |teenindustöö |teenustöö |teeparandustöö |teetöö |tehasetöö |teletöö |tellimustöö |teotöö |tiimitöö |tikketöö |tikkimistöö |timukatöö |tisleritöö |toimetamistöö |toimetustöö |tootmistöö |traktoristitöö |traktoritöö |transporditöö |transporttöö |treeneritöö |treialitöö |treimistöö |treitöö |trükitöö |tunnitöö |turutöö |turvatöö |tuukritöö |täppistöö |tõlketöö |tõrjetöö |tükitöö |ulgtöö |uurimistöö |uurimustöö |vabrikutöö |vaegtöö |vaimutöö |valgustustöö |valmistöö |valutöö |veenmistöö |veotöö |veretöö |viimistlustöö |viljakoristustöö |vooderdustöö |voolimistöö |vägitöö |välistöö |välitöö |väljakaevamistöö |värvimistöö |võidutöö |võistlustöö |ässitustöö |õhkimistöö |õmblustöö |õpetajatöö |õpilastöö |õppetöö |õõnestustöö |öötöö |ühistöö |üksitöö |ülesehitustöö |ületunnitöö}} {{col|et |tööaadress |tööaasta |tööaeg |tööala |tööalane |tööamet |tööamps |tööampsaja |tööandja |tööarmastus |tööaruanne |tööarvestus |tööasend |tööasi |tööbörs |töödejuhataja |töödistsipliin |tööealine |tööeesrindlane |tööeestlus |tööekspertiis |tööelevant |tööelu |tööerakond |tööese |tööesi |tööettevõtja |tööettevõtt |tööfront |töögraafik |töögrupp |tööharjumus |tööharjutus |tööhobune |tööhoog |tööhoolik |tööhull |tööhullus |tööhuvi |tööhõive |tööhärg |tööhügieen |tööhüpotees |tööiga |tööind |tööinimene |tööinspektor |tööinspektsioon |tööintervjuu |tööinvaliid |tööisu |tööjaam |tööjalats |tööjaotus |tööjoonis |tööjuhataja |tööjuhend |tööjuht |tööjutt |tööjuubel |tööjõud |tööjõudlus |tööjärg |tööjätt |töökaaslane |töökabinet |töökaitse |töökangelane |töökaotus |töökarastus |töökaru |töökasvatus |töökatkestus |töökasvatus |töökategooria |töökava |töökeel |töökeeld |töökeskkond |töökiire |töökiirus |töökindel |töökinnas |töökittel |töökius |töökiusamine |tööklubi |töökoda |töökogemus |töökoht |töökohtumine |töökohus |töökohuslane |töökohustus |töökokkuvõte |töökollektiiv |töökonditsioon |töökonflikt |töökontakt |töökoodeks |töökool |töökoorem |töökoormus |töökoosolek |töökord |töökorraldus |töökorras |töökrobe |töökultuur |töökuub |töökulu |töökuulutus |töökõlblik |töökõlbmatu |töökäik |töökäsi |töökäsk |töölaager |töölaev |töölaius |töölamp |töölaud |töölaul |töölava |tööleminek |tööleht |tööleping |töölerakendatus |töölevõtt |tööliigutus |töölojus |töölkäija |tööloom |tööluba |töölust |tööluus |tööluusur |töölõik |töölähetus |töömaa |töömaandus |töömaht |töömahukas |töömasin |töömeeleolu |töömees |töömeetod |töömesilane |töömiljöö |tööministeerium |töömoraal |töömure |töömälu |töönarkomaan |töönorm |töönurk |töönädal |tööohutus |tööolud |tööoperatsioon |tööori |tööosa |tööosak |tööosav |tööoskus |tööots |tööotsija |tööotsimine |tööotsing |tööpaik |tööpaja |tööpakkuja |tööpakkumine |tööpakkumus |tööpataljon |tööpatt |tööpealkiri |tööpere |tööpiirkond |tööpind |tööpinge |tööpink |tööpintsak |tööplaan |tööpluus |tööpost |tööprintsiip |tööprotsess |tööpsühholoog |tööpsühholoogia |tööpuudus |tööpõhimõte |tööpõld |tööpõlgur |tööpäev |tööpäevik |tööpüksid |tööraamat |tööraha |töörahu |töörahulolu |töörahvas |tööravi |tööregi |tööreis |tööriided |tööriie |tööriietus |tööriist |töörinne |tööristsed |töörobot |töörohke |töörutiin |töörõhk |töörõivas |töörõivastus |töörõõm |töörändaja |tööränne |töörügaja |töörügamine |töörütm |töösaavutus |töösangar |tööseadus |tööseadis |tööseadustik |tööseisak |tööstaaž |tööstiil |tööstress |töösuhe |töösulg |töösundus |töösurm |töösuund |töösõltuvus |töösügavus |töötahe |töötakistus |töötakt |töötasapind |töötasu |töötatööline |töötee |tööteenistus |töötegu |töötemperatuur |tööteraapia |töötervishoid |töötihe |töötingimused |töötoimkond |töötuju |töötulu |töötund |töötunked |töötsoon |töötsükkel |töötuba |töötublidus |töötulu |töötund |tööturg |töötõend |töötüli |töövaba |töövaev |töövaheaeg |töövahekord |töövahend |töövahendus |töövahetus |töövaidlus |töövalgusti |töövalgustus |töövalmis |töövari |töövarjutama |tööveteran |töövigastus |töövihik |tööviisa |töövili |tööviljakus |töövilumus |töövisiit |töövoog |töövoorimees |töövorm |töövõime |töövõimeline |töövõimetu |töövõimetus |töövõimlemine |töövõistlus |töövõit |töövõitlus |töövõrdsus |töövõte |töövõtt |töövägi |töövägivald |tööväli |tööväline |tööväljavaade |tööväsimus |tööväärtusteooria |tööõhin |tööõhkkond |tööõigus |tööõnn |tööõnnetus |tööõpe |tööõpetus |töö-ökonomist |tööühik |tööülesanne |tööülikond |tööürp |tööobjekt |töövalmis}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:Sõnaveeb}} * {{R:et:EÕS}} * {{R:EKSS}} * {{R:et:SP}} {{C|et|工作}} ==英格里亞語== ===詞源1=== {{inh+|izh|urj-fin-pro|*töö}}，{{inh+|izh|urj-pro|*te}}。同源詞包括{{cog|fi|työ}} 和{{cog|vep|tö}}。 ====發音==== * {{izh-p}} ====代詞==== {{head|izh|代詞|cat2=人稱代詞}} # [[你們]] =====變格===== {{izh-decl-ppron|2}} ====參見==== {{izh-personal pronouns}} ===詞源2=== {{inh+|izh|urj-fin-pro|*töö}}，源自{{der|izh|fiu-pro|-}} {{m|urj-pro|*tewe}}。同源詞包括{{cog|fi|työ}} 和{{cog|et|töö}}。 ====發音==== * {{izh-p}} ====名詞==== {{head|izh|名詞}} # [[工作]] #* {{RQ:izh:Bukvari:1936|Papa mäni '''tööhö'''.|爸爸去'''工作'''了。|page=38}} =====變格===== {{izh-decl/maa}} =====近義詞===== * {{l|izh|raae}} =====派生詞彙===== {{col4|izh |tehä töötä|tööläin|käskytöö|koirantöö|tööasu|käsitöö|töötöin|töökäs|töönikka|peltotöö|pillatöö|päivätöö|koolleentöö|töömees|tööreki|tööriista|tööhepoin|tööpalkka|tööväki|kervestöö|keelitöö|maatöö}} ===詞源3=== {{nonlemma}} ====發音==== * {{izh-p}} ====動詞==== {{head|izh|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|izh|tulla||pres|ind|conn|;|2|sg|imp|;|2|sg|imp|conn}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:izh:Tumansky:1790|тюде|page=697}} * {{R:izh:Junus:1936|page=98}} * {{R:izh:Nirvi:1971|pages=618-619}} * {{R:izh:Konkova:2014|pages=12-13, 76}} ==沃特語== ===發音=== {{vot-p|C=+}} ===詞源1=== {{etymid|vot|work}} {{inh+|vot|urj-fin-pro|*töö}}，源自{{der|vot|fiu-pro|*tewe}}。 ====名詞==== {{vot-noun}} # {{alt form|vot|tüü||工作|id=工作}} =====屈折===== {{vot-decl/maa}} ===詞源2=== {{etymid|vot|代詞}} ====代詞==== {{head|vot|代詞}} # {{alt form|vot|tüü|id=代詞}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:vot:VKS|töö}} gikv71bwisju2f0sdfj1co3hg9haxxy 9959675 9959674 2026-11-03T08:52:17Z TongcyDai 53191 9959675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Appendix:"too"的變體}} ==愛沙尼亞語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|et|urj-fin-pro|*töö}}，{{inh+|et|fiu-pro|*tewe}}。 ===發音=== * {{et-IPA}} * {{rhymes|et|øː|s=1}} * {{hyph|et|töö}} ===名詞=== {{et-noun|töö|tööd}} # [[工作]] # [[作品]]，[[成果]] # {{lb|et|物理學}} [[功]] ====變格==== {{et-decl-idee|töö}} ====派生詞彙==== {{col|et|title=名詞 |tööline |tööndus |tööstus}} {{col|et|title=形容詞 |töine |töökas |töötu}} {{col|et|title=動詞 |töötama}} {{col|et|title=短語 |end töölt lahti võtma |ennast töölt lahti võtma |istuv töö |jõudu tööle |käed-jalad tööd täis |märg töö |paranduslik töö |puhast tööd tegema |selle töö juut |Sisyphose töö |tööd andma |tööd murdma |tööd tegema |töös olema |töösse minema |tühi töö ja vaimunärimine |üldkasulik töö}} ====複合詞==== {{col|et |abitöö |administratiivtöö |advokaaditöö |aednikutöö |agitatsioonitöö |ahjutöö |aiatöö |ajalehetöö |ajatöö |akordtöö |allmaatöö |allveetöö |ametiühingutöö |ametnikutöö |arendustöö |aretustöö |argipäevatöö |arhiivitöö |armatuuritööd |arstitöö |artellitöö |arvestustöö |auhinnatöö |avraaltöö |bakalaureusetöö |bakatöö |betoonitöö |brigaaditöö |brošeerimistöö |bürootöö |diplomitöö |doktoritöö |eeltöö |ehistöö |ehitustöö |eksamitöö |elavtöö |elutöö |ennetustöö |eratöö |esiktöö |ettevalmistustöö |farmitöö |filigraantöö |frontaaltöö |graveerimistöö |haridustöö |heakorrastustöö |heakorratöö |heegeldustöö |heinatöö |helitöö |hiigeltöö |hiiglatöö |hobutöö |hooajatöö |hoogtöö |hooldustöö |hoolekandetöö |hooletöö |hooratöö |hädaabitöö |hävitustöö |hõlptöö |hübriidtöö |ideoloogiatöö |igapäevatöö |individuaaltöö |inimtöö |inseneritöö |installatsioonitöö |istetöö |istumistöö |istutustöö |juhtimistöö |juhutöö |juudatöö |juuksuritöö |juveliiritöö |järeltöö |kaameratöö |kaardistustöö |kaastöö |kaevamistöö |kaevandamistöö |kaevetöö |kahatöö |kaitsetöö |kameraaltöö |kandidaaditöö |kantseleitöö |kapitaaltöö |kasvatustöö |katelsepatöö |katsetöö |kaugtöö |keevitustöö |kellassepatöö |kelneritöö |keretöö |kevadtöö |kihutustöö |kiirtöö |kindlustustöö |kingsepatöö |kirjanikutöö |kirjatöö |kirvetöö |kiviraiumistöö |klassitöö |klubitöö |kodutöö |kogumistöö |kolhoositöö |konkursitöö |kontoritöö |kontrolltöö |koolitöö |koostöö |koristustöö |korraldustöö |korrastustöö |kraavitöö |krohvitöö |kroonutöö |kudumistöö |kuivendustöö |kullassepatöö |kultuuritöö |kuluaaritöö |kunstitöö |kuritöö |kursusetöö |kursustöö |kustutustöö |kutsetöö |käsitsitöö |käsitöö |kätetöö |kääritöö |kõrgtöö |kõrvaltöö |köögitöö |köösneritöö |külvitöö |künnitöö |laadimistöö |laagritöö |laastamistöö |laastustöö |labidatöö |laboritöö |lastekaitsetöö |lastetöö |laudatöö |laudsepatöö |lavastajatöö |lehetöö |lepingutöö |leinatöö |leivatöö |lektoritöö |lihasetöö |lihttöö |lihunikutöö |linatöö |linditöö 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|personalitöö |pioneeritöö |pisitöö |planeerimistöö |platvormitöö |plekitöö |plekksepatöö |pottsepatöö |praaktöö |projektitöö |proovitöö |puhastustöö |puidutöö |puistetöö |punumistöö |purustustöö |puurimistöö |puurtöö |puusepatöö |puutöö |päevatöö |päristöö |päästetöö |põhitöö |põllutöö |pürotöö |püsitöö |püttsepatöö |raadiotöö |rahvavalgustustöö |raietöö |raketisetöö |rauatöö |raudbetoonitööd |rekonstrueerimistöö |remonditöö |remonttöö |renditöö |renoveerimistöö |restaureerimistöö |riigitöö |ringitöö |rändtöö |rätsepatöö |röövlitöö |rühmatöö |rüüstetöö |sadamatöö |sadulsepatöö |sanitaarharidustöö |sarrusetöö |savitöö |sekretäritöö |selektsioonitöö |selgitustöö |sellitöö |seminaritöö |sepatöö |sepistöö |sillutustöö |sisetöö |soojusisolatsioonitöö |soojustustöö |sordiaretustöö |sotsiaaltöö |sporditöö |stuudiotöö |suletöö |sundtöö |sunnitöö |suvetöö |sõnaraamatutöö |sõnavaratöö |sügistöö |süvendustöö |taastamistöö |taastetöö |taastustöö |taimekaitsetöö |talgutöö |talutöö |tapatöö |taputöö |tasemetöö |teadlasetöö |teadlastöö |teadustöö |teatritöö |teavitustöö |teehooldustöö |teenindustöö |teenustöö |teeparandustöö |teetöö |tehasetöö |teletöö |tellimustöö |teotöö |tiimitöö |tikketöö |tikkimistöö |timukatöö |tisleritöö |toimetamistöö |toimetustöö |tootmistöö |traktoristitöö |traktoritöö |transporditöö |transporttöö |treeneritöö |treialitöö |treimistöö |treitöö |trükitöö |tunnitöö |turutöö |turvatöö |tuukritöö |täppistöö |tõlketöö |tõrjetöö |tükitöö |ulgtöö |uurimistöö |uurimustöö |vabrikutöö |vaegtöö |vaimutöö |valgustustöö |valmistöö |valutöö |veenmistöö |veotöö |veretöö |viimistlustöö |viljakoristustöö |vooderdustöö |voolimistöö |vägitöö |välistöö |välitöö |väljakaevamistöö |värvimistöö |võidutöö |võistlustöö |ässitustöö |õhkimistöö |õmblustöö |õpetajatöö |õpilastöö |õppetöö |õõnestustöö |öötöö |ühistöö |üksitöö |ülesehitustöö |ületunnitöö}} {{col|et |tööaadress |tööaasta |tööaeg |tööala |tööalane |tööamet |tööamps |tööampsaja |tööandja |tööarmastus |tööaruanne |tööarvestus |tööasend |tööasi |tööbörs |töödejuhataja |töödistsipliin |tööealine |tööeesrindlane |tööeestlus |tööekspertiis |tööelevant |tööelu |tööerakond |tööese |tööesi |tööettevõtja |tööettevõtt |tööfront |töögraafik |töögrupp |tööharjumus |tööharjutus |tööhobune |tööhoog |tööhoolik |tööhull |tööhullus |tööhuvi |tööhõive |tööhärg |tööhügieen |tööhüpotees |tööiga |tööind |tööinimene |tööinspektor |tööinspektsioon |tööintervjuu |tööinvaliid |tööisu |tööjaam |tööjalats |tööjaotus |tööjoonis |tööjuhataja |tööjuhend |tööjuht |tööjutt |tööjuubel |tööjõud |tööjõudlus |tööjärg |tööjätt |töökaaslane |töökabinet |töökaitse |töökangelane |töökaotus |töökarastus |töökaru |töökasvatus |töökatkestus |töökasvatus |töökategooria |töökava |töökeel |töökeeld |töökeskkond |töökiire |töökiirus |töökindel |töökinnas |töökittel |töökius |töökiusamine |tööklubi |töökoda |töökogemus |töökoht |töökohtumine |töökohus |töökohuslane |töökohustus |töökokkuvõte |töökollektiiv |töökonditsioon |töökonflikt |töökontakt |töökoodeks |töökool |töökoorem |töökoormus |töökoosolek |töökord |töökorraldus |töökorras |töökrobe |töökultuur |töökuub |töökulu |töökuulutus |töökõlblik |töökõlbmatu |töökäik |töökäsi |töökäsk |töölaager |töölaev |töölaius |töölamp |töölaud |töölaul |töölava |tööleminek |tööleht |tööleping |töölerakendatus |töölevõtt |tööliigutus |töölojus |töölkäija |tööloom |tööluba |töölust |tööluus |tööluusur |töölõik |töölähetus |töömaa |töömaandus |töömaht |töömahukas |töömasin |töömeeleolu |töömees |töömeetod |töömesilane |töömiljöö |tööministeerium |töömoraal |töömure |töömälu |töönarkomaan |töönorm |töönurk |töönädal |tööohutus |tööolud |tööoperatsioon |tööori |tööosa |tööosak |tööosav |tööoskus |tööots |tööotsija |tööotsimine |tööotsing |tööpaik |tööpaja |tööpakkuja |tööpakkumine |tööpakkumus |tööpataljon |tööpatt |tööpealkiri |tööpere |tööpiirkond |tööpind |tööpinge |tööpink |tööpintsak |tööplaan |tööpluus |tööpost |tööprintsiip |tööprotsess |tööpsühholoog |tööpsühholoogia |tööpuudus |tööpõhimõte |tööpõld |tööpõlgur |tööpäev |tööpäevik |tööpüksid |tööraamat |tööraha |töörahu |töörahulolu |töörahvas |tööravi |tööregi |tööreis |tööriided |tööriie |tööriietus |tööriist |töörinne |tööristsed |töörobot |töörohke |töörutiin |töörõhk |töörõivas |töörõivastus |töörõõm |töörändaja |tööränne |töörügaja |töörügamine |töörütm |töösaavutus |töösangar |tööseadus |tööseadis |tööseadustik |tööseisak |tööstaaž |tööstiil |tööstress |töösuhe |töösulg |töösundus |töösurm |töösuund |töösõltuvus |töösügavus |töötahe |töötakistus |töötakt |töötasapind |töötasu |töötatööline |töötee |tööteenistus |töötegu |töötemperatuur |tööteraapia |töötervishoid |töötihe |töötingimused |töötoimkond |töötuju |töötulu |töötund |töötunked |töötsoon |töötsükkel |töötuba |töötublidus |töötulu |töötund |tööturg |töötõend |töötüli |töövaba |töövaev |töövaheaeg |töövahekord |töövahend |töövahendus |töövahetus |töövaidlus |töövalgusti |töövalgustus |töövalmis |töövari |töövarjutama |tööveteran |töövigastus |töövihik |tööviisa |töövili |tööviljakus |töövilumus |töövisiit |töövoog |töövoorimees |töövorm |töövõime |töövõimeline |töövõimetu |töövõimetus |töövõimlemine |töövõistlus |töövõit |töövõitlus |töövõrdsus |töövõte |töövõtt |töövägi |töövägivald |tööväli |tööväline |tööväljavaade |tööväsimus |tööväärtusteooria |tööõhin |tööõhkkond |tööõigus |tööõnn |tööõnnetus |tööõpe |tööõpetus |töö-ökonomist |tööühik |tööülesanne |tööülikond |tööürp |tööobjekt |töövalmis}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:Sõnaveeb}} * {{R:et:EÕS}} * {{R:EKSS}} * {{R:et:SP}} {{C|et|工作}} ==英格里亞語== ===詞源1=== {{inh+|izh|urj-fin-pro|*töö}}，{{inh+|izh|urj-pro|*te}}。同源詞包括{{cog|fi|työ}} 和{{cog|vep|tö}}。 ====發音==== * {{izh-p}} ====代詞==== {{head|izh|代詞|cat2=人稱代詞}} # [[你們]] =====變格===== {{izh-decl-ppron|2}} ====參見==== {{izh-personal pronouns}} ===詞源2=== {{inh+|izh|urj-fin-pro|*töö}}，源自{{der|izh|fiu-pro|-}} {{m|urj-pro|*tewe}}。同源詞包括{{cog|fi|työ}} 和{{cog|et|töö}}。 ====發音==== * {{izh-p}} ====名詞==== {{head|izh|名詞}} # [[工作]] #* {{RQ:izh:Bukvari:1936|Papa mäni '''tööhö'''.|爸爸去'''工作'''了。|page=38}} =====變格===== {{izh-decl/maa}} =====近義詞===== * {{l|izh|raae}} =====派生詞彙===== {{col4|izh |tehä töötä|tööläin|käskytöö|koirantöö|tööasu|käsitöö|töötöin|töökäs|töönikka|peltotöö|pillatöö|päivätöö|koolleentöö|töömees|tööreki|tööriista|tööhepoin|tööpalkka|tööväki|kervestöö|keelitöö|maatöö}} ===詞源3=== {{nonlemma}} ====發音==== * {{izh-p}} ====動詞==== {{head|izh|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|izh|tulla||pres|ind|conn|;|2|sg|imp|;|2|sg|imp|conn}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:izh:Tumansky:1790|тюде|page=697}} * {{R:izh:Junus:1936|page=98}} * {{R:izh:Nirvi:1971|pages=618-619}} * {{R:izh:Konkova:2014|pages=12-13, 76}} ==沃特語== ===發音=== {{vot-p|C=+}} ===詞源1=== {{etymid|vot|work}} {{inh+|vot|urj-fin-pro|*töö}}，源自{{der|vot|fiu-pro|*tewe}}。 ====名詞==== {{vot-noun}} # {{alt form|vot|tüü||工作|id=工作}} =====屈折===== {{vot-decl/maa}} ===詞源2=== {{etymid|vot|代詞}} ====代詞==== {{head|vot|代詞}} # {{alt form|vot|tüü|id=代詞}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:vot:VKS|töö}} 73pftzu5o3ygwvx8aaj29qrfj4xfmhh 0 1701269 9959234 7722628 2026-11-02T14:55:40Z ~2026-58332-34 135981 9959234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|bǎnhú}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{bor|en|cmn|-}} {{zh-l|板胡}}。 ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # 源自北中國的二弦樂器。 ====參見==== * [[Appendix:弦鳴樂器術語表]] ====來源==== * 2013. [https://books.google.com/books?id=fuFkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20&dq=banhu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBzgKahUKEwidpbfb2crHAhXJcT4KHQ9sDZk#v=onepage&q=banhu&f=false ''Tradition and Change in the Performance of Chinese Traditional Music'']. Tsao Penyeh. Pg. 20. ===回文構詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=abhnu|bhuna}} [[Category:英語 弦樂器]] == 佛得角克里奧爾語 == ===詞源=== 來自{{der|kea|pt|banho}}。 ===替代寫法=== * {{alter|kea|bónhe||Barlavento}} ===名詞=== {{head|kea|名詞}} # {{lb|kea|Sotavento}} [[洗澡]] # {{lb|kea|Sotavento}} [[陣雨]] ===來源=== * {{R:kea:Gonçalves}} * {{R:kea:Veiga}} ==葡萄牙語== ===名詞=== {{pt-noun|m}} # {{eye dialect of|pt|banho}} Srihan - Money Maker / Fiscal Expert n9kwem20r8ic1myg1yxugc72nhmbusf 9959287 9959234 2026-11-02T16:15:12Z Sayonzei 40728 取消[[Special:Contributions/~2026-58332-34|~2026-58332-34]] ([[User talk:~2026-58332-34|对话]])的编辑；更改回[[Special:Contributions/TongcyBot|TongcyBot]]的最后一个版本 7722628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|bǎnhú}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{bor|en|cmn|-}} {{zh-l|板胡}}。 ===名詞=== {{en-noun}} # 源自北中國的二弦樂器。 ====參見==== * [[Appendix:弦鳴樂器術語表]] ====來源==== * 2013. [https://books.google.com/books?id=fuFkAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20&dq=banhu&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBzgKahUKEwidpbfb2crHAhXJcT4KHQ9sDZk#v=onepage&q=banhu&f=false ''Tradition and Change in the Performance of Chinese Traditional Music'']. Tsao Penyeh. Pg. 20. ===回文構詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=abhnu|bhuna}} [[Category:英語 弦樂器]] == 佛得角克里奧爾語 == ===詞源=== 來自{{der|kea|pt|banho}}。 ===替代寫法=== * {{alter|kea|bónhe||Barlavento}} ===名詞=== {{head|kea|名詞}} # {{lb|kea|Sotavento}} [[洗澡]] # {{lb|kea|Sotavento}} [[陣雨]] ===來源=== * {{R:kea:Gonçalves}} * {{R:kea:Veiga}} ==葡萄牙語== ===名詞=== {{pt-noun|m}} # {{eye dialect of|pt|banho}} 4xu7ukfc4v8p4db429r482ara49qntm 4 1705276 9959232 9958100 2026-11-02T14:23:23Z Cewbot 61744 [[User:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|生成議題列表：9個議題]] 9959232 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- 本頁面由機器人自動更新。若要改進，請聯繫機器人操作者。 --> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="float:left;" |- ! data-sort-type="number" style="font-weight: normal;" | <small>#</small> !! 💭 話題 !! <span title="發言數/發言人次 (實際上為計算簽名數)">💬</span> !! <span title="參與討論人數/發言人數">👥</span> !! 🙋 最新發言 !! data-sort-type="isoDate" | <span title="最後更新">🕒 <small>(UTC+8)</small></span> |- | style="text-align: right;" | 1 | style="max-width: 24em" | <small>[[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Subscribe_to_the_This_Month_in_Education_newsletter_-_learn_from_others_and_share_your_stories|Subscribe to the This Month in Education newsletter - learn from others and share your stories]]</small> | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 0 | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 0 | style="background-color: #ffd;" | | style="background-color: #ffd;" | |- | style="text-align: right;" | 2 | style="max-width: 24em" | <small>[[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Do_you_use_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_sibling_projects?_Tell_us_about_your_experiences|Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences]]</small> | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 0 | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 0 | style="background-color: #ffd;" | | style="background-color: #ffd;" | |- | style="text-align: right;" | 3 | [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#台灣分會2026年9月對話時間|台灣分會2026年9月對話時間]] | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1 | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-09-15T04:39:00.000Z" | 2026-09-15 <span style="color: blue;">12:39</span> |- | style="text-align: right;" | 4 | [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#伺服器切換_-_本wiki即將短暫進入唯讀模式|伺服器切換 - 本wiki即將短暫進入唯讀模式]] | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1 | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-09-15T12:58:00.000Z" | 2026-09-15 <span style="color: blue;">20:58</span> |- | style="text-align: right;" | 5 | style="max-width: 24em" | <small>[[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Your_feedback_wanted:_Remove_(Language_link_added:)_and_similar_edits_from_Special:RecentChanges|Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges]]</small> | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1 | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">Danny Benjafield (WMDE)</small>]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-09-25T12:48:00.000Z" | 2026-09-25 <span style="color: blue;">20:48</span> |- | style="text-align: right;" | 6 | [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#"syn",_"ant"_模板不顯示簡體字|&quot;syn&quot;, &quot;ant&quot; 模板不顯示簡體字]] | style="text-align: right;" | 3 | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:Public class|Public class]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-09-30T12:48:00.000Z" | 2026-09-30 <span style="color: blue;">20:48</span> |- | style="text-align: right;" | 7 | style="max-width: 24em" | <small>[[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#Wikidata_Sitelink_changes_in_Recent_Changes_and_Watchlist|Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist]]</small> | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1 | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1 | style="background-color: #bbb;" | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | style="background-color: #bbb;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-10-01T12:43:00.000Z" | 2026-10-01 <span style="color: blue;">20:43</span> |- | style="text-align: right;" | 8 | [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#伺服器切換_-_本wiki即將短暫進入唯讀模式_2|伺服器切換 - 本wiki即將短暫進入唯讀模式]] | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1 | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1 | style="background-color: #ddd;" | [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] | style="background-color: #ddd;" data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-10-26T14:01:00.000Z" | 2026-10-26 <span style="color: blue;">22:01</span> |- | style="text-align: right;" | 9 | [[:Wiktionary:啤酒馆#台灣分會2026年10月對話時間|台灣分會2026年10月對話時間]] | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1 | style="text-align: right;background-color: #fcc;" | 1 | [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|<small style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;">MediaWiki message delivery</small>]] | data-sort-type="isoDate" data-sort-value="2026-10-29T08:19:00.000Z" | 2026-10-29 <span style="color: blue;">16:19</span> |} {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="float: left; margin-left: .5em;;{{#if:{{{no_time_legend|}}}|display:none;|}}" ! title="From the latest bot edit" | 發言更新圖例 |- | style="background-color: #efe;" | * 最近一小時內 |- | style="background-color: #eef;" | * 最近一日內 |- | | * 一週內 |- | style="background-color: #ddd;" | * 一個月內 |- | style="background-color: #bbb;" | * 逾一個月 |- ! 特殊狀態 |- | style="text-decoration: line-through" | 已移動至其他頁面<br />或完成討論之議題 |- ! 手動設定 |- | style="max-width: 12em;" | <small>當列表出現異常時，<br />請先檢查[[User:Cewbot/log/20170915/configuration|設定]]是否有誤</small> |- |} {{Clear}} jcfa84wdz78hxu6mm54a4miop6941ow 0 1864550 9959955 9717654 2026-11-03T11:39:36Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|псы}} ==跨語言== ===符號=== {{mul-symbol}} # {{ISO 639|3}} ===參見=== * {{langcat}} ==捷克語== ===發音=== * {{cs-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{head|cs|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|cs|pes||acc//ins|p}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} ===形容詞=== {{fr-adj|inv=yes}} # {{lb|fr|口}} {{clipping of|fr|psychologique||心靈的，心理的}} # {{lb|fr|口}} {{clipping of|fr|psychique||通靈的}} # {{lb|fr|口}} {{clipping of|fr|psychosomatique||心身的}} ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|mf}} # {{lb|fr|口}} {{clipping of|fr|psychiatre||精神科醫生}} # {{lb|fr|口}} {{clipping of|fr|psychologue||心理學家}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:TLFi}} {{c|fr|職業}} ==下索布語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|dsb|/psɨ/}} ===名詞=== {{head|dsb|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|dsb|pjas||nom|p}} # {{inflection of|dsb|pjas||acc|p}} ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-psy.wav}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-anml-p}} # {{lb|pl|collective|slang|offensive}} [[警察]] ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.pr.pl.accpl:psy:psów>}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|pl|pies||nom//acc//voc|p}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{C|pl|執法}} 3q1cvj6ck66tfe338ofd3xlgvb4wob6 0 1883080 9959941 9891184 2026-11-03T11:39:05Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959941 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== {{wiki|lang=pl|aromat}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-ThineCupOverfloweth-arom.wav}} ===詞源1=== 源自{{bor|pl|grc|ἄρωμα}}。 ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} # {{lb|pl|archaic}} [[香氣]]，[[香味]] #: {{syn|pl|aromat}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.anml.sg>}} ===詞源2=== {{nonlemma}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{inflection of|pl|ar||dat|p}} ===詞源3=== {{nonlemma}} ===名詞=== {{head|pl|名詞變格形|g=f}} # {{inflection of|pl|ara||dat|p}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{C|pl|氣味 }} ==羅曼什語== ===其他寫法=== * {{qualifier|Sursilvan}} {{l|rm|irom}} * {{qualifier|Puter}} {{l|rm|aram}} ===詞源=== 源自{{inh|rm|la-vul|*aramen|*arame(n)}}，源自{{inh|rm|la-lat|aerāmen}}，源自{{inh|rm|la|aes||銅}}。 ===名詞=== {{head|rm|名詞|g=m}} # {{lb|rm|Rumantsch Grischun|Sutsilvan|Surmiran|Vallader}} [[銅]] ====派生詞==== * {{qualifier|Rumantsch Grischun|Sutsilvan|Surmiran}} {{l|rm|gravura d'arom}} * {{qualifier|Vallader}} {{l|rm|gravüra d'arom}} {{c|rm|化學元素|金屬}} ==瓦瑞瓦瑞語== ===名詞=== {{head|war|名詞}} # {{lb|war|解剖學}} [[痣]] 3t2iico7s3k26twl06d7qavvgmx555b 0 1908626 9959924 8804488 2026-11-03T11:38:31Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959924 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波兰语== ===发音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-złożony.ogg;LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-złożony.wav|mp=#}} ===分词=== {{pl-participle|pass}} # {{inflection of|pl|złożyć||pasv|adj|part}} ====变格==== {{pl-adecl}} ===形容词=== {{pl-adj|bardziej|adv=-}} # [[複雜]]的 # [[費解]]的 ====变格==== {{pl-adecl}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} gnzt763dqixqfyqnoxkecuwqdcmnrgf 0 1912626 9959963 8749768 2026-11-03T11:39:53Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959963 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波兰语== ===词源=== 源自{{affix|pl|jaki|-ś}}。 ===发音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-jakiś.ogg|mp=#}} ===代詞=== {{head|pl|代詞|g=m|陰性|jakaś|中性|jakieś|複數|jacyś|或|jakieś}} # [[某]]（{{non-gloss|無定指}}） #: {{syn|pl|pewien}} #: {{ux|pl|W ogrodzie widziałem '''jakieś''' zwierzę.|我在園子裡看見'''一個'''動物（但不知道是什麼東西）。}} #: {{ux|pl|Jeśli będziesz w sklepie, to kup '''jakąś''' herbatę.|你如果要去商店，買'''點'''茶回來（什麼茶都行）。}} ====变格==== {{pl-adecl|jaki<pos:pronoun>ś}} 賓格形式 {{m|pl|jakiegoś}} 用於陽性個人及動物名詞，{{m|pl|jakiś}} 則用於陽性非動物名詞。 ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} 6brkuvejmkaapiah8es1ih31em2u52a 0 1987453 9959926 8798626 2026-11-03T11:38:34Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959926 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波兰语== ===词源=== 源自{{affix|pl|bezdźwięczny|-ie}}。 ===发音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-bezdźwięcznie.wav}} ===副词=== {{pl-adv|-}} # [[無聲]]地 #: {{syn|pl|bezgłośnie|niesłyszalnie}} #: {{ant|pl|dźwięcznie|hałaśliwie}} #: {{uxi|pl|'''bezdźwięcznie''' poruszać wargami|'''無聲'''暗語}} # {{lb|pl|phonetics}} [[無聲]]地 #: {{cot|pl|dźwięcznie}} ====相关词汇==== {{col3|pl|title=形容詞|bezdźwięczny}} {{col3|pl|title=名詞|bezdźwięczność|dźwięk}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} ibxvp0p2vjj8gwi1se5wfs9xbbixkjf 0 1992860 9959940 8750219 2026-11-03T11:39:03Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959940 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波兰语== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ===词源=== 源自{{affix|pl|cierń|-ik}}。 ===发音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-ciernik.ogg}} ===名词=== {{pl-noun|m-anml}} # [[三刺魚]] {{gl|''[[Gasterosteus aculeatus]]''}} #: {{syn|pl|kat|kolka|czart}} ====变格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.anml>}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{C|pl|刺魚目}} 6d504gcm0713v9pialjakg6rp16adeq 0 2029706 9959959 8750604 2026-11-03T11:39:45Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959959 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波兰语== ===词源=== 源自{{affix|pl|kilka|t1=幾個|-naście}}。 ===发音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-kilkanaście.ogg}} ===限定詞=== {{head|pl|限定詞}} # [[十幾]] #: {{syn|pl|paręnaście}} ====变格==== {{pl-adecl|<num>}} ====相关词汇==== {{col3|pl|kilka|kilkadziesiąt|kilkaset}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} 1rwqdtu5tb9lz3xtnoczk3wimk4u8in 0 2029707 9959961 8798710 2026-11-03T11:39:49Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959961 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波兰语== ===词源=== 源自{{affix|pl|kilka|-set}}。 ===发音=== {{pl-pr|['kil]|a=Pl-kilkaset.ogg}} ===代詞=== {{head|pl|代詞}} # [[幾百]] #: {{syn|pl|kroćset|paręset}} ====变格==== {{pl-adecl|<num>}} ====相关词汇==== {{col3|pl|kilka|kilkanaście|kilkadziesiąt}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} kznt0aowuise04onpe5k7r0hvtllesh 0 2029712 9959960 9913981 2026-11-03T11:39:47Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959960 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波兰语== ===词源=== 源自{{affix|pl|kilka|-oro}}。{{defdate|1715年}}<ref>{{cite-book |author=Alonso Rodríguez |title=O postępowaniu w doskonałosci y cnotach zakonnych, Napisanym Od W. X. Alfonsa Rodericiusza [...] Soc: Jesu Kapłana, Dla tychże Societatis Jesu Zakonnikow, Częsc wtora |url=https://polona.pl/item/o-postepowaniu-w-doskonalosci-y-cnotach-zakonnych-napisanym-od-w-x-alfonsa,MTM0NDM0OTQ2/235/#info:search:kilkoro |year=1715 |page=232}}</ref> ===发音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-kilkoro.wav}} ===数词=== {{head|pl|數詞}} # {{lb|pl|集合數詞}} [[幾個]]（大於[[二]]但小於[[十]]） ====变格==== {{pl-ndecl|<n.num>}} ====相关词汇==== {{col3|pl|title=形容詞|kilkakrotny}} {{col3|pl|title=副詞|kilkakroć|kilkakrotnie}} {{col3|pl|title=數詞|kilka|kilkanaście|kilkadziesiąt|kilkaset}} ===参考资料=== {{reflist}} ===延伸阅读=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} i9qjk88kxk0yq8i9dg56hzvg03weoss 0 2039976 9959938 8750641 2026-11-03T11:39:00Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959938 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*kъnęžę}}，源自{{der|pl|sla-pro|*kъnędzь}}，源自{{der|pl|gem-pro|*kuningaz}}。與{{cog|goh|kuning||國王}}同源。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-książę.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-pr|f=księżna}} # [[親王]] # [[公爵]] ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.pr.irreg>}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col3|pl|title=形容詞|arcyksiążęcy|książęcy}} {{col3|pl|title=名詞|arcyksiążę|arcyksięstwo|arcyksiężna|arcyksiężniczka|księstwo|księżna}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col3|pl|ksiądz|księżyc}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{C|pl|君主制|貴族|男人}} [[Category:含有後綴-ę的波蘭語詞]] jb03x8j69rntrpdzx33ge1plwhfr9nv 0 2059590 9959692 8308405 2026-11-03T09:11:06Z TongcyDai 53191 9959692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|正多面体}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=正多面体|type=13}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=zhèng duōmiàntǐ |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # 同時具有[[等邊]]、[[等角]]和[[等面]]特性的[[多面體]] ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|同時具有等邊、等角和等面特性的多面體}} * 英語：{{t+|en|regular polyhedron}} * 法語：{{t|fr|polyèdre régulier|g=m}} * 德語：{{t|de|reguläres Polyeder|g=n|g2=m}} * 西班牙語：{{t|es|poliedro regular|g=m}} {{trans-bottom}} {{C|zh|形狀|幾何學}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|せい|た|めん|たい|yomi=o}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|せいためんたい}} # {{ja-kyujitai spelling of|正多面体}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=정다면체}} # {{hanja form of|정다면체}} k7nr737ndbkprv77npnxc26c89sdv4i 9959693 9959692 2026-11-03T09:12:50Z TongcyDai 53191 9959693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|正多面体}} ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=正多面体|type=13}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=zhèng duōmiàntǐ |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # 同時具有[[等邊]]、[[等角]]和[[等面]]特性的[[多面體]] ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|同時具有等邊、等角和等面特性的多面體}} * 英語：{{t+|en|regular polyhedron}} * 法語：{{t|fr|polyèdre régulier|m}} * 德語：{{t|de|reguläres Polyeder|n|m}} * 日語：{{t+|ja|正多面体|tr=せいためんたい, seitamentai}} * 朝鮮語：{{t|ko|정다면체}} * 西班牙語：{{t|es|poliedro regular|m}} {{trans-bottom}} {{C|zh|形狀|幾何學}} ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|せい|た|めん|たい|yomi=o}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|せいためんたい}} # {{ja-kyujitai spelling of|正多面体}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=정다면체}} # {{hanja form of|정다면체}} 7333nzj1fgzccuqey5lcdt398wa1qfo 0 2117459 9959965 8653252 2026-11-03T11:39:59Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959965 wikitext text/x-wiki ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===動詞=== {{head|ca|動詞變位形式}} # {{ca-verb form of|abrogar}} ==拉丁語== ===動詞=== {{la-verb-form|abrogat}} # {{inflection of|la|abrogō||3|s|pres|actv|indc}} ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|pl|la|abrogātiō}}。{{etydate|1602}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-an!}} # {{lb|pl|Middle Polish}} [[廢除]]，[[終止]] #: {{syn|pl|abrogacja}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<lect:mpl.recon:abrogat.acc:abrogata>}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:pl:SXVII|ABROGAT|354|MK-G|04.01.2023}} ==羅馬尼亞語== ===詞源=== {{m|ro|abroga}} 的過去分詞。 ===形容詞=== {{ro-adj}} # [[撤銷]]的 ====變格==== {{ro-decl-adj}} bigr1is2yl9mtl7i4wnrzw0o0apkynl 0 2124997 9959653 9945972 2026-11-03T06:31:52Z YeBoy371 43905 9959653 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{rfquote|ja}} {{ja-kanjitab|て|yomi=k|alt=手こき,手扱き:rare}} {{wikipedia|lang=ja}} ===詞源=== {{ja-compound|手|て|扱き|こき|linkto2=-|pos2={{ja-etym-renyokei|扱く|こく|捋|nodot=1}}}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|てコキ|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|てコキ}} # {{lb|ja|slang|sort=てこき}} [[手淫]] ====相关词汇==== * {{ja-r|足コキ|あしコキ}} * {{ja-r|脚コキ|あしコキ|[[腳交]]，以大腿、小腿刺激性器}} {{c|ja|性|sort=てこき}} 01tm5wv7munt5o5o7eho774t2x0omnr 9959655 9959653 2026-11-03T06:33:14Z YeBoy371 43905 9959655 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|て|yomi=k|alt=手こき,手扱き:rare}} {{wikipedia|lang=ja}} ===詞源=== {{ja-compound|手|て|扱き|こき|linkto2=-|pos2={{ja-etym-renyokei|扱く|こく|捋|nodot=1}}}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|てコキ|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|てコキ}} # {{lb|ja|slang|sort=てこき}} [[手淫]] ====相关词汇==== * {{ja-r|足コキ|あしコキ}} * {{ja-r|脚コキ|あしコキ|[[腳交]]，以大腿、小腿刺激性器}} {{c|ja|性|sort=てこき}} ecfi66ewod5y52gp44ed3qcxjzx6y0l 9959656 9959655 2026-11-03T06:50:11Z YeBoy371 43905 /* 名詞 */ 9959656 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|て|yomi=k|alt=手こき,手扱き:rare}} {{wikipedia|lang=ja}} ===詞源=== {{ja-compound|手|て|扱き|こき|linkto2=-|pos2={{ja-etym-renyokei|扱く|こく|捋|nodot=1}}}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|てコキ|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|てコキ}} # [[手淫]] ====相关词汇==== * {{ja-r|足コキ|あしコキ}} * {{ja-r|脚コキ|あしコキ|[[腳交]]，以大腿、小腿刺激性器}} {{c|ja|性|sort=てこき}} o5ddoyrjhmhc4er8h9mteqb599j7tqv 9959657 9959656 2026-11-03T06:50:20Z YeBoy371 43905 /* 相关词汇 */ 9959657 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|て|yomi=k|alt=手こき,手扱き:rare}} {{wikipedia|lang=ja}} ===詞源=== {{ja-compound|手|て|扱き|こき|linkto2=-|pos2={{ja-etym-renyokei|扱く|こく|捋|nodot=1}}}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|てコキ|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|てコキ}} # [[手淫]] ====相关词汇==== * {{ja-r|足コキ|あしコキ}} * {{ja-r|脚コキ|あしコキ}} {{c|ja|性|sort=てこき}} gob1kk9ign2r7k4fz0x84occ1ilkra5 9959659 9959657 2026-11-03T06:51:51Z YeBoy371 43905 /* 名詞 */ 9959659 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|て|yomi=k|alt=手こき,手扱き:rare}} {{wikipedia|lang=ja}} ===詞源=== {{ja-compound|手|て|扱き|こき|linkto2=-|pos2={{ja-etym-renyokei|扱く|こく|捋|nodot=1}}}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|てコキ|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|てコキ}} # [[手淫]]，以[[手掌]]刺激[[性器]] ====相关词汇==== * {{ja-r|足コキ|あしコキ}} * {{ja-r|脚コキ|あしコキ}} {{c|ja|性|sort=てこき}} tm63nuddto7i7yiuvlvrwlnjg43o1u4 2 2129326 9959279 9958438 2026-11-02T16:13:31Z Sayonzei 40728 9959279 wikitext text/x-wiki 精製鳥飼料：[[User:KotoriBot]] ==列表== ===法語=== *一個-er結尾的第一類法語動詞（連同本體）理論上可產出'''40'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|fr|}}<!--明日： ;需自行創建 :{{col3|fr|retransmigrer|redésentrelacer|retransfigurer|réobséder|désobséder|désamocher|réamocher|rebuissonner|débuissonner|recolmater|décolmater|désaffréter|redélester|réindividuer|recharrier|recémenter|décémenter|réabsolutiser|désabsolutiser|désacadémiser|désaccastiller|réaccompagner|désaccompagner|réagrémenter|désagrémenter|désalambiquer|désanalphabétiser|désanathématiser|réapostropher|réajourner|désajourner|redétremper|redogmatiser|dédogmatiser|réextirper|réintituler|resolutionner|resouscrire|resulfater|désulfater|réagenouiller|désagenouiller|débouillir|désaccomplir|réaccomplir|réaccoutrer|hâbler}}--> ===加泰=== *一個-ar結尾的普通加泰羅尼亞語動詞（連同本體）理論上可產出'''44'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|ca|tolerar}} ===葡加利=== *一個-ar結尾的普通葡萄牙語動詞（連同本體）理論上可產出'''53'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|pt|}}<!--明日：--> ===西=== *一個-ar結尾的普通西班牙語動詞（連同本體、不含合詞）理論上可產出'''58'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|es|}}<!--明日： ;需自行創建 :{{col3|es|}}--> ===德語=== :{{col3|de|}} ===拉丁語=== :{{col3|la|}}<!--明日：--> :{{col3|la|}}<!--明日：--> ===意大利語=== :{{col3|it|dilungare|dimerizzare|diporre|direggere|direzionare|dirompere|dirozzare|disacerbare}}<!--明日：--> ===俄語=== :{{col3|ru|}} :{{col3|ru|}} 6fygx52nhymtarst3nsq741v2g5ay91 9959879 9959279 2026-11-03T11:06:33Z TongcyDai 53191 9959879 wikitext text/x-wiki 精製鳥飼料：[[User:KotoriBot]] ==列表== ===法語=== *一個-er結尾的第一類法語動詞（連同本體）理論上可產出'''40'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|fr|}}<!--明日： ;需自行創建 :{{col3|fr|retransmigrer|redésentrelacer|retransfigurer|réobséder|désobséder|désamocher|réamocher|rebuissonner|débuissonner|recolmater|décolmater|désaffréter|redélester|réindividuer|recharrier|recémenter|décémenter|réabsolutiser|désabsolutiser|désacadémiser|désaccastiller|réaccompagner|désaccompagner|réagrémenter|désagrémenter|désalambiquer|désanalphabétiser|désanathématiser|réapostropher|réajourner|désajourner|redétremper|redogmatiser|dédogmatiser|réextirper|réintituler|resolutionner|resouscrire|resulfater|désulfater|réagenouiller|désagenouiller|débouillir|désaccomplir|réaccomplir|réaccoutrer|hâbler}}--> ===加泰=== *一個-ar結尾的普通加泰羅尼亞語動詞（連同本體）理論上可產出'''44'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|ca|}} ===葡加利=== *一個-ar結尾的普通葡萄牙語動詞（連同本體）理論上可產出'''53'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|pt|}}<!--明日：--> ===西=== *一個-ar結尾的普通西班牙語動詞（連同本體、不含合詞）理論上可產出'''58'''個新詞條。<br> :{{col3|es|}}<!--明日： ;需自行創建 :{{col3|es|}}--> ===德語=== :{{col3|de|}} ===拉丁語=== :{{col3|la|existo|exsisto}}<!--明日：--> :{{col3|la|}}<!--明日：--> ===意大利語=== :{{col3|it|}}<!--明日：--> ===俄語=== :{{col3|ru|}} :{{col3|ru|}} 8vq905p4k7ctwz0mookevngb57tv2qv 0 2229619 9959952 9046254 2026-11-03T11:39:30Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959952 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|pl|budownik|-ctwo}}。<ref>{{R:pl:Bańkowski}}</ref>{{etydate|1598|ref={{R:pl:SXVI|+|45080}}}} 對照{{cog|csb|bùdownictwò}}、{{cog|szl|budownictwo}}、{{cog|uk|будівни́цтво}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-budownictwo.wav|mp=#}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|n}} # [[建築]]，[[建設]] # [[房地產]][[項目]] #: {{syn|pl|zabudowa}} # 建築[[設計]] #: {{syn|pl|architektura}} # {{lb|pl|Mazury}} 建設[[局]] ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<n.sg>}} ===小知識=== {{pl-freq 1990|16|24|91|1|1|133|452|37|1}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} * {{R:pl:SXVII|BUDOWNICTWO|5271|WM|16.08.2021}} * {{R:pl:SJP1807}} * {{R:pl:SJP1861}} * {{R:pl:SJP1900||227|1}} p7y6d1ke7q28s3z7y2dnzuwfanu6vni 0 2362533 9959932 8752550 2026-11-03T11:38:47Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|waga|wa-ga|wagą|-wagą}} ==波蘭語== {{wikipedia|lang=pl|Waga (gwiazdozbiór)}} ===詞源=== {{rfe|pl}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-Waga.ogg|hh=waga}} ===專有名詞=== {{pl-prop|m-pr,f}} # {{lb|pl|黃道星座}} [[天秤座]] # {{lb|pl|占星術}} [[天秤宮]] # {{surname|pl|g=m}} # {{surname|pl|g=f}} ====變格==== “天秤座、天秤宮”： {{pl-ndecl|<f.sg>}} 陽性形式： {{pl-ndecl|<m.pr.surname>}} 陰性形式： {{pl-ndecl|<f>}} ===參見=== {{table:zodiac/pl}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} hyeuf8hgooorv7omhxu34u84kg773pb 0 2365752 9959929 8755298 2026-11-03T11:38:40Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959929 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|pl|owczarz|-czyk}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|pl|專有名詞|g=m|g2=f-pr}} # {{surname|pl|g=m}} # {{surname|pl|g=f}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.pr.surname>}} {{pl-ndecl|<f>}} {{cln|pl|含有後綴-czyk的詞}} tssjydd2op6obif3i6e9kqecgr76umk 0 2366529 9959936 8755876 2026-11-03T11:38:57Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959936 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===專有名詞=== {{pl-proper noun|f|m=Strzałkowski}} # {{surname|pl|g=f}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<f.+>}} ===參見=== * [[Appendix:波蘭語姓氏]] qvigked4fw6lp96qgoor3hg1wdjm761 0 2369746 9959947 8758739 2026-11-03T11:39:19Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959947 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|pl|Rzońca|Rząca||姓氏}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===專有名詞=== {{pl-proper noun|m-pr}} # {{surname|pl|g=m}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.pr.surname>}} ===專有名詞=== {{pl-proper noun|f}} # {{surname|pl|g=f}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<f>}} i6drlcx8z6bjop2mvklt1nv51s74glz 0 2377923 9959925 9909140 2026-11-03T11:38:32Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959925 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{af|pl|Borneo|-ski}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-borneański.wav}} ===形容詞=== {{pl-adj|-|adv=-}} # {{lb|pl|relational}} [[婆羅洲]]的 ====變格==== {{pl-adecl}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col-auto|pl|title=名詞|Borneańczyk|Borneanka}} ===拓展閱讀=== * {{R:pl:PWN}} 58zfwj8bt1wuwimayjmk38s2kjorvg1 0 2378854 9959931 8762847 2026-11-03T11:38:44Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959931 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|en|ja|-}} {{ja-l|岡崎|おかざき|Okazaki}}。 ===發音=== {{wikipedia|lang=en}} * {{a|en|UK}} {{IPA|en|/ˌəʊkəˈzɑːkɪ/|/ˌɒkəˈzɑːkɪ/}} * {{rhymes|en|ɑːki|s=4}} ===專有名詞=== {{en-proper noun|Okazakis}} # {{surname|en|from=日語}}。 # {{place|en|城市|県/愛知|c/日本}}。 ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|en|Okazaki fragment}} ==日語== ===羅馬化=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|おかざき}} ==波蘭語== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|pl|ja|岡崎|tr=Okazaki}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===專有名詞=== {{head|pl|專有名詞|g=m-pr|g2=f}} # {{surname|pl}} #* {{quote-book|1=pl|year=2009|author=Arkadiusz Tarnowski|title=Polska i Japonia 1989-2004: stosunki polityczne, gospodarcze i kulturalne|text=Funkcję prezesa PFj powierzono wielolemiemu wykładowcy języka japońskiego na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim '''Okazakiemu''' Tsuneo.|t=PFj的首席执行官一职交给了华沙大学的日本讲师'''冈崎'''恒子。}} ====變格==== 男性姓氏： {{pl-ndecl|<m.pr.+.accpl:Okazaków.datpl:Okazakom.genpl:Okazaków.inspl:Okazakami.locpl:Okazakach>}} 女性姓氏無變格。 ===專有名詞=== {{pl-proper noun|n|indecl=yes}} # {{place|pl|城市|県/愛知|c/日本|t=岡崎}}。 ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:PWN}} ==葡萄牙語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|pt|ja|岡崎|tr=Okazaki}}。 ===專有名詞=== {{pt-proper noun|mfbysense}} # {{surname|pt|from=日語|usage=巴西}} #* {{quote-text|pt|year=1947|title=Arquivos da Polícia Civil de São Paulo |passage={{...}} na cidade de Tupã, Jorge '''Okazaki''' foi assassinado a tiros de revólver por Kori Kato, filho de Keizo Kato, de Birigüí. |translation={{...}} 在圖龐市，若熱·'''岡崎'''被來自比里吉的加藤敬三之子加藤幸里開槍殺害。}} #* {{quote-book|pt|year=2000|author=Fernando Morais|title=Corações sujos: a história da Shindo Renmei|isbn=9788535900743 |passage=Colocados nas celas e chamados um a um para depor, os japoneses deram com a presença do contador Jorge '''Okazaki''', de novo colaborando com o delegado como intérprete ad hoc. |translation=日本人被关进牢房并逐一传唤出庭作证，他们发现会计若热·'''冈崎'''在场，他再次以临时翻译的身份与警察局长合作。}} sqsgabl7f03kf2xkk0k73629hrpjovk 0 2379335 9959930 8763280 2026-11-03T11:38:42Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|macała|Macala}} ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===專有名詞=== {{pl-proper noun|m-pr}} # {{surname|pl|g=m}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.pr.depr:->}} ===專有名詞=== {{pl-proper noun|f}} # {{surname|pl|g=f}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<f>}} g1mhnxapkqpga7xgw5k1b5hiy48s486 828 2420714 9959908 9388588 2026-11-03T11:16:03Z TongcyBot 83009 同步英語維基詞典 Module:category tree/lang/pl（enwt 94557890），翻譯標籤 9959908 Scribunto text/plain local labels = {} labels["使用Template:pl-pr缺少音節化的詞條"] = { description = "使用{{tl|pl-pr}}但缺少音節化的{{{langname}}}詞條。", additional = "也就是說，音節化無法自動產生（例如因為使用了重拼），也沒有手動提供。", breadcrumb = "pl-pr缺少音節化", parents = {{name = "詞條維護", sort = "pl-pr without syllabification"}}, -- l10n: no "pronunciation maintenance" label hidden = true, can_be_empty = true, } labels["使用Template:pl-pr手動音節化與音節數不符的詞條"] = { description = "使用{{tl|pl-pr}}，但手動音節化的音節數與發音不符的{{{langname}}}詞條。", additional = "請確認每個音節之間都有音節分隔符（.），連字號處也一樣（依慣例，音節分隔符放在連字號後面）。", breadcrumb = "pl-pr手動音節化與音節數不符", parents = {{name = "詞條維護", sort = "pl-pr with manual syllabification syllable count mismatch"}}, -- l10n hidden = true, can_be_empty = true, } labels["使用Template:pl-pr自動音節化與音節數不符的詞條"] = { description = "使用{{tl|pl-pr}}，但自動音節化的音節數與發音不符的{{{langname}}}詞條。", additional = "正常情況下不會發生這種情形；若發生，表示[[Module:zlw-lch-IPA]]有錯誤。", breadcrumb = "pl-pr自動音節化與音節數不符", parents = {{name = "詞條維護", sort = "pl-pr with automatic syllabification syllable count mismatch"}}, -- l10n hidden = true, can_be_empty = true, } --------------------------------- Nouns -------------------------------- local noun_stem_types = { ["硬音"] = "硬音詞幹", ["軟音"] = "軟音詞幹（包括功能上為軟音的 ''c''、''cz''、''dz''、''dż''、''rz''、''sz'' 和 ''ż''）", ["軟腭音"] = "軟腭音詞幹", } for _, stem_type in ipairs({"硬音", "軟音", "軟腭音"}) do for _, gender in ipairs({"陽性個人", "陽性動物", "陽性無生", "陰性", "中性"}) do labels[stem_type .. gender .. "名詞"] = { description = "{{{langname}}}" .. noun_stem_types[stem_type] .. gender .. "名詞。", breadcrumb = stem_type .. gender, parents = {{name = "依屈折分類的名詞", sort = stem_type .. " " .. gender}}, } end end labels["有可簡化詞幹的名詞"] = { description = "詞幹含有移動元音 ''e''、在部分形式中脫落或出現的{{{langname}}}名詞，例如" .. "{{m|pl|pies}}（屬格 {{m|pl|psa}}）和 {{m|pl|okno}}（複數屬格 {{m|pl|okien}}）。", breadcrumb = "可簡化詞幹", parents = {{name = "依屈折分類的名詞", sort = "reducible stem"}}, } labels["有元音長短交替的名詞"] = { description = "詞幹中 ''ó'' 與 ''o''、或 ''ą'' 與 ''ę'' 交替的{{{langname}}}名詞，例如" .. "{{m|pl|stół}}（屬格 {{m|pl|stołu}}）和 {{m|pl|ręka}}（複數屬格 {{m|pl|rąk}}）。", breadcrumb = "元音長短交替", parents = {{name = "依屈折分類的名詞", sort = "quantitative vowel alternation"}}, } labels["形容詞性名詞"] = { description = "按形容詞變格的{{{langname}}}名詞，例如 {{m|pl|teściowa}} 和 {{m|pl|Kowalski}}。", breadcrumb = "形容詞性", parents = {{name = "依屈折分類的名詞", sort = "adjectival"}}, } --------------------------------- Adjectives -------------------------------- local adj_like_poses = {"形容詞", "代詞", "限定詞", "數詞", "後綴", "形容詞變格形"} for _, pos in ipairs(adj_like_poses) do local plpos = pos -- l10n: zhwikt has no "依屈折分類的形容詞變格形" label, so the labels of adjective forms go under the forms themselves local by_inflection = pos == "形容詞變格形" and pos or "依屈折分類的" .. plpos labels["硬音" .. plpos] = { description = "{{{langname}}}硬音詞幹" .. plpos .. "。", breadcrumb = "硬音", parents = {{name = by_inflection, sort = "hard-stem"}}, } labels["軟音" .. plpos] = { description = "{{{langname}}}軟音詞幹" .. plpos .. "。", breadcrumb = "軟音", parents = {{name = by_inflection, sort = "soft-stem"}}, } labels["軟腭音" .. plpos] = { description = "{{{langname}}}軟腭音詞幹" .. plpos .. "。", breadcrumb = "軟腭音", parents = {{name = by_inflection, sort = "velar-stem"}}, } labels["有不規則詞幹的" .. plpos] = { description = "以詞元以外的詞幹變格的{{{langname}}}" .. plpos .. "。", breadcrumb = "有不規則詞幹", parents = {{name = by_inflection, sort = "irregular stem"}}, } labels["有短形式的" .. plpos] = { description = "{{{langname}}}有短形式屈折的" .. plpos .. "。", breadcrumb = "有短形式", parents = {{name = by_inflection, sort = "short forms"}}, } labels["短形式" .. plpos] = { description = "用於謂語的{{{langname}}}" .. plpos .. "。", parents = "形容詞變格形", } end --------------------------------- Verbs -------------------------------- labels["依類別分類的動詞"] = { description = "依變位類別分類的{{{langname}}}動詞。類別依傳統將波蘭語動詞分成十一種變位的編號，" .. "其中部分還有子類。", parents = {{name = "依屈折分類的動詞", sort = "class"}}, } local verb_classes = { {"I", "czytać", "-ać", "''-am''、''-asz''"}, {"II", "umieć", "-eć", "''-em''、''-esz''"}, {"III", "tanieć", "-eć", "''-eję''、''-ejesz''"}, {"IV", "malować", "-ować", "''-uję''、''-ujesz''"}, {"Va", "ciągnąć", "-nąć", "''-nę''、''-niesz''", "過去時為 ''-nął''、命令式為 ''-nij''"}, {"Vb", "płynąć", "-nąć", "''-nę''、''-niesz''", "過去時為 ''-nął''、命令式為 ''-ń''"}, {"Vc", "chudnąć", "-nąć", "''-nę''、''-niesz''", "過去時在輔音後為 ''-ł''（''chudł''）"}, {"VIa", "robić", "-ić", "''-ę''、''-isz''"}, {"VIb", "wierzyć", "-yć", "''-ę''、''-ysz''"}, {"VIIa", "widzieć", "-eć", "''-ę''、''-isz''"}, {"VIIb", "leżeć", "-eć", "''-ę''、''-ysz''"}, {"VIIIa", "odczytywać", "-ywać", "''-uję''、''-ujesz''"}, {"VIIIb", "zyskiwać", "-iwać", "''-uję''、''-ujesz''"}, {"IX", "pisać", "-ać", "''-ę''、''-esz''"}, {"Xa", "pić", "-ć", "在不定式詞幹上加 ''-ję''、''-jesz''"}, {"Xb", "lać", "-ać", "''-eję''、''-ejesz''"}, {"Xc", "wziąć", "-ąć", "''-mę''、''-miesz'' 或 ''-nę''、''-niesz''"}, {"XI", "wieźć", "-ć", "在與不定式不同的詞幹上加 ''-ę''、''-esz''（''wiozę''）"}, } for index, class in ipairs(verb_classes) do local name, verb, infinitive, present, other = unpack(class) labels[name .. "類動詞"] = { description = ("{{{langname}}}%s類動詞，變位與 {{m|pl|%s}} 相同：不定式為 {{m|pl|%s}}，現在時為 %s%s。") :format(name, verb, infinitive, present, other and "，" .. other or ""), breadcrumb = name .. "類", parents = {{name = "依類別分類的動詞", sort = ("%02d"):format(index)}}, } end return {LABELS = labels} j7lttvwy5ct3nnu4pdhudyx5cwwc732 0 2423711 9959871 8105527 2026-11-03T11:03:40Z TongcyDai 53191 9959871 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===詞源=== {{ety|la|exsistō}} {{m|la|exsistō}} 的現在分詞。 ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|exsistēns}} ===分詞=== {{la-part|exsistēns}} # [[存在]]的 # [[出現]]的 # [[成為]]……的 ====變格==== {{la-adecl|exsistēns<3-P+>}} rk5l2x81r52qn6wssrdyyt9fo862ln5 0 2423723 9959902 9912888 2026-11-03T11:10:23Z TongcyDai 53191 9959902 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===其他形式=== * {{l|la|existō}} ===詞源=== {{ety|la|:af|ex-|sistō}} 源自 {{m|la|ex-||出}} + {{m|la|sistere||放置}}，{{m|la|stare||站立，豎立}} 的使役態。 ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|eccl=yes|exsistō}} ===動詞=== {{la-verb|3.nopass|exsistō|exstit|exstit}} # [[存在]] # [[出現]] #: {{syn|la|appāreō}} # [[變成]]，[[成為]] #: {{syn|la|fīō}} # {{lb|la|第三人稱}} [[有]] # [[突出]]，[[出眾]] {{lb|la|+ [[與格]]}} # [[顯眼]]，[[明顯]] ====變位==== {{la-conj|3.nopass|exsistō|exstit|exstit}} ====派生語彙==== {{top2}} * {{desc|fr|exister}} ** {{desc|en|exist|bor=1}} * {{desc|fur|esisti}} * {{desc|it|esistere}} * {{desc|lij|exìste}} * {{desc|pms|esiste}} * {{desc|sc|esístere}}<ref>https://ditzionariu.nor-web.eu/en/tradutzione/italianu/es%C3%ACstere</ref> * {{desc|es|existir}} {{bottom}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:la:L&S}} * {{R:la:Elementary Lewis}} * {{R:la:Gaffiot}} * {{R:la:M&A}} * {{R:NLW}} {{reflist}} m6mhsoogb63awgql6822zmz2vf90cji 10 2430124 9959913 9653874 2026-11-03T11:16:10Z TongcyBot 83009 同步英語維基詞典 Template:pl-adecl（enwt 93770184）：改用 Module:zlw-lch-decl 9959913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:zlw-lch-decl|adjective|lang=pl}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> iv9v3wfee8yjwpoibqdusmur68tuvi6 0 2441132 9959942 9039533 2026-11-03T11:39:08Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959942 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|pl|śmierdzieć|-el}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Nostrix-śmierdziel.wav}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-anml}} # [[臭鼬]] #: {{syn|pl|skunks}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.anml.genpli:ów>}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-pr}} # {{lb|pl|口語|貶義}} [[發臭]]的人 ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.pr.genpli:ów>}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|pl|smród}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{C|pl|臭鼬科動物|男人}} qack02nx78yv7qsozgsabxokfg5i3c4 0 2441135 9959945 8765587 2026-11-03T11:39:15Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Cuch|čuch}} ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|pl|sla-pro|*čuxъ}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|hh=Cuch}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} # {{lb|pl|rare}} [[惡臭]] # {{lb|pl|狩獵}} 狗的[[嗅覺]] ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.inan.sg.genu:a>}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col-auto|pl|cuchnąć|czuch}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{C|pl|嗅覺}} spy9sm0ubrwt16fj8o5fltd3u0rctjb 0 2668261 9959951 8766240 2026-11-03T11:39:28Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959951 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=Pl-Grześ.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-pr}} # {{given name|pl|男性|diminutive=Grzegorz}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.pr.genpl->}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:ISNP|Grześ}} l4rld01j476iupocwjrak3s0yhdd383 0 2826323 9959944 8795534 2026-11-03T11:39:13Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Mrowiec}} ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|pl|mrówa|-iec}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|hh=Mrowiec}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-anml}} # {{lb|pl|Bukovina}} [[蟻]]，[[螞蟻]] #: {{syn|pl|mrówka|muraszka}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.anml>}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col-auto|pl|title=名詞|mrowiecznik|mrowieczka|mrowiczka}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{C|pl|螞蟻}} ==西里西亞語== ===發音=== {{szl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{szl-noun|m-anml}} # {{lb|szl|Cieszyn Silesia}} [[蟻]]，[[螞蟻]] ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:szl:dykcjonorz}} * {{R:szl:silling}} {{C|szl|螞蟻}} npnuz92bp3uj8ra8jpkcex1br5dn8sy 0 2918438 9959948 8988438 2026-11-03T11:39:21Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959948 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===專有名詞=== {{pl-proper noun|m-pr}} # {{surname|pl|g=m}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.pr.proper.depr:->}} ===專有名詞=== {{pl-proper noun|f|indecl=1}} # {{surname|pl|g=f}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:ISNP|Zygadlewicz}} hcyzwd8mimwbijn6a8ndgq24j1v0obe 0 2947191 9959949 9031764 2026-11-03T11:39:24Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959949 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===專有名詞=== {{pl-proper noun|m-pr}} # {{surname|pl|g=m}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<m.pr.surname.depr:->}} ===專有名詞=== {{pl-proper noun|f|indecl=1}} # {{surname|pl|g=f}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:ISNP|Kojder}} scd6pfb80f2coc5evdkhm4dc5gila7d 0 2961186 9959962 9059899 2026-11-03T11:39:51Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959962 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== {{wikipedia|lang=pl}} ===詞源=== {{lit|燕尾}}。 ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-jaskółczy ogon.wav}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|m-in}} # {{lb|pl|俗語|木工}} [[燕尾榫]] #: {{syn|pl|jaskółcze złącze|rybi ogon}} # {{lb|pl|俗語|軍事}} [[角樓]] ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|jaskółczy<+> ogon<m.inan.gena>}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP||90794}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{C|pl|建築物和構築物}} j6sg7vrxjsp95cz0csptoy6d1g5e07f 0 3132961 9959766 9277381 2026-11-03T10:09:22Z TongcyDai 53191 9959766 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|mp=[é]}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}} dsmxfevt6sba4wemtscfbqfujixee0r 0 3176927 9959764 9333371 2026-11-03T10:09:14Z TongcyDai 53191 9959764 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|mp=[é]}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}} dsmxfevt6sba4wemtscfbqfujixee0r 0 3176928 9959767 9333372 2026-11-03T10:09:25Z TongcyDai 53191 9959767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|kobieta|kobietą|kobiéta|kòbiéta|kòbiétą|kòbiétã|kóbieta}} ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}} oaaos75wc95xdigs6rxcc64sxtcmlth 0 3176929 9959765 9333373 2026-11-03T10:09:19Z TongcyDai 53191 9959765 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|mp=[éc]}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}} 27shwrgu54mxqm771qnxbmrf8xodbco 10 3418950 9959231 9959132 2026-11-02T13:00:54Z TongcyDai 53191 9959231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:quote|call_template |template=cite-book |author=孫宏開 |author2=齊卡佳 |author3=劉光坤 |year=2007 |title=白马语研究 |location={{w|北京市|北京}} |publisher={{w|民族出版社}} |isbn=9787105084012 |pageparam=1 |allowparams=1 }}<noinclude>{{refcat}}</noinclude> mifqg9nir5q8nz77nh9iqbqqhdnm8ov 0 3497711 9959837 9835253 2026-11-03T10:49:49Z TongcyDai 53191 9959837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|isme|-ïsme}} ==南非語== ===後綴=== {{head|af|後綴}} # {{n-g|構成表示[[主義]]、[[學說]]、[[特性]]等意義的[[名詞]]}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|af}} ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===後綴=== {{ca-noun|m}} # {{n-g|構成表示[[主義]]、[[學說]]、[[特性]]等意義的[[名詞]]}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|ca}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:ca:GDLC}} * {{R:ca:DNV}} ==丹麥語== ===詞源=== 經由{{bor|da|fr|-isme}}、{{der+|da|la|-ismus}}，最終源自{{der|da|grc|-ισμός}}。 ===後綴=== {{head|da|後綴|g=c}} # {{n-g|構成表示[[主義]]、[[學說]]、[[特性]]等意義的[[名詞]]}} ====變格==== {{da-decl|n|r}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|da}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:DDO}} ==荷蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|nl|:bor|fr:-isme|tree=+}} {{bor+|nl|frm|-isme}}，源自{{der|nl|la|-isma}}，源自{{der|nl|la|-ismus}}，最終源自{{der|nl|grc|-ισμός}}。 ===後綴=== {{head|nl|後綴|cat2=構成名詞的後綴|g=n}} # {{n-g|構成表示[[主義]]、[[學說]]、[[特性]]等意義的[[名詞]]}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|nl}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|af|-isme}} * {{desc|id|bor=1|-isme}} ==法語== ===詞源=== {{etymon|fr|id=主義|:lbor|la:-ismus<id:主義>}} {{bor+|fr|la|-isma}}、{{m|la|-ismus}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Lyokoï--isme.wav|a=里昂}} ===後綴=== {{fr-noun|m}} # {{n-g|構成表示[[主義]]、[[學說]]、[[特性]]等意義的[[名詞]]}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|fr}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|fa|ـیسم|tr=-ism|bor=1}} ==印尼語== ===詞源=== {{internationalism|id}}，源自{{bor|id|nl|-isme}}，源自{{der|id|frm|-isme}}，源自{{der|id|la|-ismus}}，源自{{der|id|grc|-ισμός}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|id|[-ɪsmə]}} * {{hyphenation|id|-ismê}} ===後綴=== {{head|id|後綴}} # {{n-g|構成表示[[主義]]、[[學說]]、[[特性]]等意義的[[名詞]]}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|id}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:KBBI Daring}} ==拉丁語== ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|isme}} ===後綴=== {{head|la|後綴變格形}} {{g|m}} # {{infl of|la|-ismus||voc|s}} ==馬來語== ===發音=== * {{a|ms|Baku|SV|AV}} ** {{IPA|ms|[-is.ma]}} ** {{IPA|ms|[-is.mə]|a=rare,Indonesia}} * {{hyph|ms|-is|me}} ===詞源1=== {{der+|ms|nl|-isme}}，與{{cog|id|-isme}} 同源，最終源自{{der|ms|grc|-ισμός}}。見於1923年出版的《Kitab Vortaro》。<ref>{{cite-book|last=Kwik Khing Djoen |year=1923|title=Kitab Vortaro: Segala Perkatahan-Perkatahan Asing Jang Soeda Oemoem Di Goena Ken Di Dalem Soerat-Soerat Kabar Melayoe|location=Batavia|publisher= Sin Po|page=220}}</ref>在馬來西亞，過去曾使用 {{m|ms|-izem}} / {{m|ms|-izam}} 以及 {{m|ms|-isma}} 等形式（{{bor+|ms|en|-ism}}），<ref>{{cite-book|1=en|year=1978|author=AH Omar et al.|title=Papers from the Conference on the Standardisation of Asian Languages, Manila, Philippines, December 16-21, 1974|chapter=The Role of Language Standardisation in the Coining of Technical Terms in Bahasa Malaysia|url=https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/server/api/core/bitstreams/acfe3302-7d56-45e9-888a-578389c5e166/content|pages=231-233}}</ref>不過後者形式仍可見於某些指代實體的「{{m|en|-ism}} 類詞彙」中，例如 {{m|ms|prisma}} 和 {{m|ms|organisma}}。<ref>[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Cari1?keyword=isma&d=175768& Khidmat Nasihat ("Counselling Service")]</ref> ====後綴==== {{head|ms|後綴|爪夷文|-يسمى}} # {{n-g|構成表示[[主義]]、[[學說]]、[[特性]]等意義的[[名詞]]}} #: {{uxi|ms|nasional'''isme'''|民族'''主義'''}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|ms}} =====參見===== * {{l|ms|isme}} ===詞源2=== {{rfe|ms}} ====後綴==== {{head|ms|後綴|爪夷文|-يسمى}} # {{n-g|構成表示某種狀態或現象的[[名詞]]}} #: {{uxi|ms|katakl'''isme'''|大災變}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|ms}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} {{cln|ms|無可產性後綴}} ==諾曼語== ===後綴=== {{head|nrf|後綴}} # {{n-g|構成表示[[主義]]、[[學說]]、[[特性]]等意義的[[名詞]]}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|nrf}} ==書面挪威語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|nb|fr|-isme|t=主義}}，源自{{der|nb|la|-isma}}、{{m|la|-ismus|t=主義}}，源自{{der|nb|grc|-ισμός|pos=構成抽象名詞}}，源自 {{m|grc|-μός|pos=構成抽象名詞}}，源自{{der|nb|ine-pro|*-mos}}或 {{m|ine-pro|*-mós|pos=構成名詞}}。 ===後綴=== {{head|nb|後綴}} # {{n-g|構成表示[[主義]]、[[學說]]、[[特性]]等意義的[[名詞]]}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|nb}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:nb:OB}} * {{R:nb:NAOB}} {{cln|nb|構成名詞的後綴}} ==新挪威語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|nn|fr|-isme}}，源自{{der|nn|la|-ismus}}，源自{{der|nn|grc|-ισμός}}。 ===後綴=== {{head|nn|後綴}} # {{n-g|構成表示[[主義]]、[[學說]]、[[特性]]等意義的[[名詞]]}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|nn}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:nn:OB}} ==奧克語== ===後綴=== {{head|oc|後綴}} # {{n-g|構成表示[[主義]]、[[學說]]、[[特性]]等意義的[[名詞]]}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|oc}} 23f1h63he4iv5yy4tblc5ojfkl41k2j 0 3512166 9959934 9853506 2026-11-03T11:38:53Z TongcyBot 83009 Bot: 舊波蘭語變格模板換成 {{pl-ndecl}}／{{pl-adecl}}（Module:zlw-lch-decl） 9959934 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== {{wp|pl:}} ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:af|konkurencjny|-ość|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Poemat-konkurencyjność.wav}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f}} # [[競爭力]] ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|<f>}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} 8zzqm0696lpa0rfpoy5lmgxjy8xbth7 0 3557157 9959235 2026-11-02T15:48:49Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ù}} {{tlb|it|及物}} # {{lb|it|古舊}} [[延長]]，[[拉長]]，[[伸長]] # [[賽馬]]時把其他馬[[甩開]]一大段距離 # [[說話]]或[[寫作]][[冗長]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ù}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|dilungarsi}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adegilnru|indulgerà}}」的新頁面 9959235 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ù}} {{tlb|it|及物}} # {{lb|it|古舊}} [[延長]]，[[拉長]]，[[伸長]] # [[賽馬]]時把其他馬[[甩開]]一大段距離 # [[說話]]或[[寫作]][[冗長]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ù}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|dilungarsi}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adegilnru|indulgerà}} h5osqsaash4m0p0rvqrwpb9hmuv3sod 0 3557158 9959236 2026-11-02T15:49:39Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|ù}} # {{reflexive of|it|dilungare}} # [[說話]]或[[寫作]][[冗長]] #: {{syn|it|prologare|dissertare|Thesaurus:dilungarsi}} # {{lb|it|rare}} [[拉長]]，[[延長]] # {{lb|it|書面}} [[遠離]] #: {{syn|it|allontanarsi}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|ù}}」的新頁面 9959236 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|ù}} # {{reflexive of|it|dilungare}} # [[說話]]或[[寫作]][[冗長]] #: {{syn|it|prologare|dissertare|Thesaurus:dilungarsi}} # {{lb|it|rare}} [[拉長]]，[[延長]] # {{lb|it|書面}} [[遠離]] #: {{syn|it|allontanarsi}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|ù}} ex05b5hzkqhac1c6bh7s4njif99vxw7 0 3557159 9959237 2026-11-02T15:49:58Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|dilungare}}」的新頁面 9959237 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|dilungare}} idjy6i91j47bf9wgfr6ag0f86z52kyr 0 3557160 9959238 2026-11-02T15:50:01Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|dilungare}}」的新頁面 9959238 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|dilungare}} c5o1e4aw2ina8b23sltf46jmle1kzmf 0 3557161 9959239 2026-11-02T15:50:23Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|dilungante}}」的新頁面 9959239 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|dilungante}} ojsz2r2bp8bep7x6hzd28vhm7l0cisw 0 3557162 9959240 2026-11-02T15:50:38Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|dilungato}}」的新頁面 9959240 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|dilungato}} 428fhndfvhdk44sp5w7eiqgvbzussy2 0 3557163 9959241 2026-11-02T15:50:40Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|dilungàti}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|dilungato}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|dilùngati}} ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|dilungarsi||2|s|impr}}」的新頁面 9959241 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|dilungàti}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|dilungato}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|dilùngati}} ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|dilungarsi||2|s|impr}} 47g4ir4udzqc3bjcjditow5h4a2t8bj 0 3557164 9959242 2026-11-02T15:50:42Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|dilungare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|dilungato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adegilntu|dugliante}}」的新頁面 9959242 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|dilungare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|dilungato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adegilntu|dugliante}} h7n7ewctfo6mvoviw361m1kz42zfbal 0 3557165 9959243 2026-11-02T15:52:05Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|dimero|-izzare}} 源自 {{af|it|dimero|-izzare}}。 ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ì}} # {{lb|it|化學}} [[二聚化]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ì}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeeiimrrzz|dimerizzerà}}」的新頁面 9959243 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|dimero|-izzare}} 源自 {{af|it|dimero|-izzare}}。 ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ì}} # {{lb|it|化學}} [[二聚化]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ì}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeeiimrrzz|dimerizzerà}} p2yf73vhont4q653ykvns37ym05aj2t 0 3557166 9959244 2026-11-02T15:52:57Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==英語== ===詞源=== {{ety|en|:af|dimer|-ize|text=+|tree=1}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|化學}} [[二聚化]] ====派生詞彙==== {{col|en|dimerizable|dimerizer|predimerize|redimerize|retrodimerize }} ====相關詞==== * {{l|en|dimerization}}」的新頁面 9959244 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== ===詞源=== {{ety|en|:af|dimer|-ize|text=+|tree=1}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{lb|en|化學}} [[二聚化]] ====派生詞彙==== {{col|en|dimerizable|dimerizer|predimerize|redimerize|retrodimerize }} ====相關詞==== * {{l|en|dimerization}} ldoimdcc2lekgcon27fgmjw9hyzowkg 0 3557167 9959245 2026-11-02T15:53:16Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|dimérisé|dimérise}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{ety|en|:af|dimer|-ise<id:verb suffix>|text=+|tree=1}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{alternative spelling of|en|dimerize|from=ise spelling}}。 ====派生詞彙==== {{col|en|homodimerise|redimerise}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=deeiimrs|eimerids}}」的新頁面 9959245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|dimérisé|dimérise}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{ety|en|:af|dimer|-ise<id:verb suffix>|text=+|tree=1}} ===動詞=== {{en-verb}} # {{alternative spelling of|en|dimerize|from=ise spelling}}。 ====派生詞彙==== {{col|en|homodimerise|redimerise}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=deeiimrs|eimerids}} qm2m5xmaio2fitxti5fbxtiil25misc 0 3557168 9959246 2026-11-02T15:57:47Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|it|departire||古舊|regional|拉丁化}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|it|la-lat|dēpartiō|dēpartīre}}，源自{{der|it|la|partiō}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|e/@}} {{tlb|it|不及物|書面}} # {{alt form|it|dipartirsi|t=離開，遠離；分離；逝世}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|e/@}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|it|dipartirsi}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/à:+isc[亦用於古…」的新頁面 9959246 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|it|departire||古舊|regional|拉丁化}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|it|la-lat|dēpartiō|dēpartīre}}，源自{{der|it|la|partiō}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|e/@}} {{tlb|it|不及物|書面}} # {{alt form|it|dipartirsi|t=離開，遠離；分離；逝世}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|e/@}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|it|dipartirsi}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/à:+isc[亦用於古舊義項]}} {{tlb|it|及物|書面}} # {{lb|it|古舊}} [[分割]]；[[分配]] # [[分開]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/à:+isc[亦用於古舊義項]}} kqqhrmu0lztbw0qm08nla66aji21e2r 0 3557169 9959247 2026-11-02T15:59:07Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:inh|la:dēpōnō<alt:dēpōnere>}} {{inh+|it|la|dēpōnō|dēpōnere}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|dipórre}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a\@}} # {{tlb|it|及物|or|不及物|古舊}} {{alt form|it|deporre}} {{+aux|it|avere}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a\@}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deioprr|predirò|riperdo}}」的新頁面 9959247 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:inh|la:dēpōnō<alt:dēpōnere>}} {{inh+|it|la|dēpōnō|dēpōnere}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|dipórre}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a\@}} # {{tlb|it|及物|or|不及物|古舊}} {{alt form|it|deporre}} {{+aux|it|avere}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a\@}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deioprr|predirò|riperdo}} dc7ynd1lmlncp946lo3xca6e4b3tex5 0 3557170 9959248 2026-11-02T15:59:54Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|diporre}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deeinnopt|deponenti}}」的新頁面 9959248 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|diporre}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deeinnopt|deponenti}} 3epnsudel2zjkmmkiqe4dfxxp1ybbqt 0 3557171 9959249 2026-11-02T15:59:56Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|dipósto,dipòsto<ref:{{R:it:DiPI|deposto}}>}} ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|diporre}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}}」的新頁面 9959249 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|dipósto,dipòsto<ref:{{R:it:DiPI|deposto}}>}} ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|diporre}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} 1d52l9l2o1bhnhj4p1pgsyz9k0bhvv7 0 3557172 9959250 2026-11-02T16:00:07Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|diponente}}」的新頁面 9959250 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|diponente}} 7ataj7p0uhjdyt24fwn6ptjc8nhzhio 0 3557173 9959251 2026-11-02T16:00:14Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|dipósta,dipòsta<ref:{{R:it:DiPI|deposto}}>}} ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|diposto}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adiopst|dopasti|podista|posdati}}」的新頁面 9959251 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|dipósta,dipòsta<ref:{{R:it:DiPI|deposto}}>}} ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|diposto}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adiopst|dopasti|podista|posdati}} fsyq7wqv6zbzi9r2mdfpafw9w97f1ye 0 3557174 9959252 2026-11-02T16:00:16Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|dipósti,dipòsti<ref:{{R:it:DiPI|deposto}}>}} ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|diposto}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=diiopst|podisti}}」的新頁面 9959252 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|dipósti,dipòsti<ref:{{R:it:DiPI|deposto}}>}} ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|diposto}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=diiopst|podisti}} cyz5y1q7rtita4p78m27vy590eyylja 0 3557175 9959253 2026-11-02T16:00:28Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|dipóste,dipòste<ref:{{R:it:DiPI|deposto}}>}} ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|diposto}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deiopst|depisto|depistò|deposti|despoti|podiste|spedito}}」的新頁面 9959253 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|dipóste,dipòste<ref:{{R:it:DiPI|deposto}}>}} ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|diposto}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deiopst|depisto|depistò|deposti|despoti|podiste|spedito}} spt2pd6gnmngn4xk1f8lwjnaivrkndp 0 3557176 9959254 2026-11-02T16:01:19Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a\@}} # {{tlb|it|古舊|regional}} {{alt form|it|dirigere}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a\@}} ===參見=== * {{l|it|reggere}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Olivetti}}」的新頁面 9959254 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a\@}} # {{tlb|it|古舊|regional}} {{alt form|it|dirigere}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a\@}} ===參見=== * {{l|it|reggere}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Olivetti}} s3v3nbk6r8gt2w6grhqyi606du6jja3 0 3557177 9959255 2026-11-02T16:02:20Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|direzione|-are}} 源自 {{af|it|direzione|-are}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|diretsionàre}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ó}} {{tlb|it|不常見}} # {{lb|it|及物}} [[指向]]某个特定[[方向]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ó}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|direzionarsi}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeeiinorrz|direzionerà}}」的新頁面 9959255 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|direzione|-are}} 源自 {{af|it|direzione|-are}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|diretsionàre}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ó}} {{tlb|it|不常見}} # {{lb|it|及物}} [[指向]]某个特定[[方向]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ó}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|direzionarsi}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeeiinorrz|direzionerà}} 3h24axqq7caya53ledz1vox1s8cqyis 0 3557178 9959256 2026-11-02T16:02:26Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{it-verb|ó}} # {{tlb|it|不及物}} [[指向]]某个特定[[方向]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|ó}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|direzionare}} * {{l|it|direzione}}」的新頁面 9959256 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{it-verb|ó}} # {{tlb|it|不及物}} [[指向]]某个特定[[方向]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|ó}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|direzionare}} * {{l|it|direzione}} t6bksi1z6li92dm0ugtebenbctigx4t 0 3557179 9959257 2026-11-02T16:02:47Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|direzionare}}」的新頁面 9959257 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|direzionare}} l3kqfoyut0vm6zvjke3f98dlayo4jm0 0 3557180 9959258 2026-11-02T16:02:49Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|direzionare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeiinoortz|ridotazione}}」的新頁面 9959258 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|direzionare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeiinoortz|ridotazione}} flvgbfpmcqfcuwc310ncfxu3jkf0gvf 0 3557181 9959259 2026-11-02T16:03:19Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|direzionante}}」的新頁面 9959259 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|direzionante}} 830nzlnv3amb1hjuu8nsmhoxnzmghlh 0 3557182 9959260 2026-11-02T16:04:03Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|diretsionàti}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|direzionato}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|diretsiónati}} ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|direzionarsi||2|s|impr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeiiinortz|dizionarite}}」的新頁面 9959260 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|diretsionàti}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|direzionato}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|diretsiónati}} ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|direzionarsi||2|s|impr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeiiinortz|dizionarite}} cwru3rmy0xpx416uolloc822q1hm4go 0 3557183 9959261 2026-11-02T16:04:05Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|direzionato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeiinortz|idratazione}}」的新頁面 9959261 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|direzionato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aadeiinortz|idratazione}} rsdn01tabz0yi6u89ma07o3pj0xkj42 0 3557184 9959262 2026-11-02T16:04:07Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|direzionare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|direzionato}}」的新頁面 9959262 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|direzionare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|direzionato}} c421j6p13pc5p2o9es5zg9med9gbgn5 0 3557185 9959263 2026-11-02T16:05:30Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|it|la|dīrumpō}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|dirómpere}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a[及物]:e[不及物]\@}} # {{lb|it|及物}} [[折斷]]（麻繩等）使變[[軟]] # {{lb|it|及物|比喻|書面}} [[瓦解]]……的[[抵抗]] # {{lb|it|及物}} 使[[粉碎]]，[[摧毀]]，使[[瓦解]] # {{lb|it|不及物|書面|or|古舊}} [[崩解]]，[[瓦解]] {{+aux|it|essere}} # {{lb|it|不及物|書面|or|…」的新頁面 9959263 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|it|la|dīrumpō}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|dirómpere}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a[及物]:e[不及物]\@}} # {{lb|it|及物}} [[折斷]]（麻繩等）使變[[軟]] # {{lb|it|及物|比喻|書面}} [[瓦解]]……的[[抵抗]] # {{lb|it|及物}} 使[[粉碎]]，[[摧毀]]，使[[瓦解]] # {{lb|it|不及物|書面|or|古舊}} [[崩解]]，[[瓦解]] {{+aux|it|essere}} # {{lb|it|不及物|書面|or|古舊}} [[噴發]]，[[爆發]] {{+aux|it|essere}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a[及物]:e[不及物]\@}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deeimoprr|deprimerò|prediremo}} iv698tatuvllakl2fz9ctzkr4zeipxg 0 3557186 9959264 2026-11-02T16:08:34Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # 能[[爆炸]]的 # {{Lb|it|比喻}} [[爆炸性]]的，[[轟動]]性的 #: {{uxi|it|tecnologie '''dirompenti'''|'''轟動性的'''技術}} ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|dirompere}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deeimnoprt|perdimento}}」的新頁面 9959264 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # 能[[爆炸]]的 # {{Lb|it|比喻}} [[爆炸性]]的，[[轟動]]性的 #: {{uxi|it|tecnologie '''dirompenti'''|'''轟動性的'''技術}} ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|dirompere}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deeimnoprt|perdimento}} ljkcn5lj1pnb4451fsi9qd2dom8il22 0 3557187 9959265 2026-11-02T16:08:45Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|dirompente}}」的新頁面 9959265 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===形容詞=== {{head|it|形容詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|dirompente}} mlnkbjuf8tg5rszxkgi2zzju39b5aqg 0 3557188 9959266 2026-11-02T16:09:26Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|dirottò}} ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|dirótto}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # 量[[多]]而[[急劇]]的 # [[陡峭]]的，[[險峻]]的 ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|it|a dirotto}} * {{l|it|dirottamente}} ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|dirompere}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=dioortt|Dottori|dottori|ridotto}}」的新頁面 9959266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|dirottò}} ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|dirótto}} ===形容詞=== {{it-adj}} # 量[[多]]而[[急劇]]的 # [[陡峭]]的，[[險峻]]的 ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|it|a dirotto}} * {{l|it|dirottamente}} ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|dirompere}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:it:Treccani}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=dioortt|Dottori|dottori|ridotto}} d8e67tn3942hotel2c556rrwzy9l9yc 0 3557189 9959267 2026-11-02T16:09:48Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|dirotto}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adiortt|diottra|dotarti|ridotta|tradito}}」的新頁面 9959267 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|dirotto}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adiortt|diottra|dotarti|ridotta|tradito}} qdkvrqh8qp0fark3uak6wvhhkug3u7j 0 3557190 9959268 2026-11-02T16:09:49Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|dirotto}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=diiortt|diritto|ridotti}}」的新頁面 9959268 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|dirotto}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=diiortt|diritto|ridotti}} ckfiefhx198d3bbsab6mpn7nql6y4jo 0 3557191 9959269 2026-11-02T16:09:51Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|dirotto}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deiortt|detorti|detrito|diottre|diretto|dittero|redotti|ridetto|ridotte|tetrodi}}」的新頁面 9959269 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|dirotto}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=deiortt|detorti|detrito|diottre|diretto|dittero|redotti|ridetto|ridotte|tetrodi}} 42kvnthiarw2gkgvfpx6i8gcvzebagg 0 3557192 9959270 2026-11-02T16:11:02Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|diroddzàre}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ó}} # {{lb|it|及物}} [[粗加工]]，[[粗製]] # {{lb|it|及物|比喻}} 使[[開化]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ó}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|dirozzarsi}} * {{l|it|dirozzamento}} * {{l|it|rozzo}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeiorrzz|dirozzerà|orridezza}}」的新頁面 9959270 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|diroddzàre}} ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/ó}} # {{lb|it|及物}} [[粗加工]]，[[粗製]] # {{lb|it|及物|比喻}} 使[[開化]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/ó}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|dirozzarsi}} * {{l|it|dirozzamento}} * {{l|it|rozzo}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeiorrzz|dirozzerà|orridezza}} 3m48bdwo2ewd33v2m3e8g8jtjsuuv35 0 3557193 9959271 2026-11-02T16:11:05Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|dirozzare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeinortzz|detronizza}}」的新頁面 9959271 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|dirozzare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeinortzz|detronizza}} 3xg5iwuzpbc7qs0qapstuwfeonyfuqv 0 3557194 9959272 2026-11-02T16:11:22Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|dirozzante}}」的新頁面 9959272 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|dirozzante}} jdhb5fw6yllxj760t7fg6n6rm7b9rvh 0 3557195 9959273 2026-11-02T16:11:24Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|dirozzare}}」的新頁面 9959273 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|dirozzare}} dlsd7kh6vr8w089jd1qw5vzqjjf3gib 0 3557196 9959274 2026-11-02T16:11:39Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|dirozzato}}」的新頁面 9959274 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|dirozzato}} bl7b120drwkezwcs00oyymken8dtwh2 0 3557197 9959275 2026-11-02T16:11:40Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|dirozzare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|dirozzato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeiortzz|deratizzo|deratizzò}}」的新頁面 9959275 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|dirozzare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|dirozzato}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adeiortzz|deratizzo|deratizzò}} 9yzsx3sygff4bihtva8hxcbtei3h2oh 0 3557198 9959276 2026-11-02T16:11:42Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|diroddzàti}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|dirozzato}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|diróddzati}} ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|dirozzarsi||2|s|impr}}」的新頁面 9959276 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|diroddzàti}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|dirozzato}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|diróddzati}} ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|dirozzarsi||2|s|impr}} rmw67vuwpzzejiuros73rbksi9wud0u 0 3557199 9959277 2026-11-02T16:11:55Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{it-verb|ó}} # 變[[文雅]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|ó}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|dirozzare}}」的新頁面 9959277 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{it-verb|ó}} # 變[[文雅]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|ó}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|dirozzare}} t3rz7q4l8l5j8r6esd6fr9srvpnasnj 0 3557200 9959278 2026-11-02T16:13:16Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|dis-<t:否，非>|acerbo<t:酸澀的>|-are}} 源自 {{af|it|dis-<t:否，非>|acerbo<t:酸澀的>|-are}}。 ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/è}} # {{lb|it|書面|比喻|及物}} [[減輕]]，[[緩和]] #: {{syn|it|mitigare}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/è}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|disacerbarsi}} * {{l|it|acerbo}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aabcdeeirrs|disacerberà}}」的新頁面 9959278 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:af|dis-<t:否，非>|acerbo<t:酸澀的>|-are}} 源自 {{af|it|dis-<t:否，非>|acerbo<t:酸澀的>|-are}}。 ===動詞=== {{it-verb|a/è}} # {{lb|it|書面|比喻|及物}} [[減輕]]，[[緩和]] #: {{syn|it|mitigare}} ====變位==== {{it-conj|a/è}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|disacerbarsi}} * {{l|it|acerbo}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aabcdeeirrs|disacerberà}} 658mj8drojogvfxnsve93zd11eeenbn 0 3557201 9959280 2026-11-02T16:13:37Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disacerbare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aabcdeeinrst|strabenedica}}」的新頁面 9959280 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-presp}} # {{present participle of|it|disacerbare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aabcdeeinrst|strabenedica}} hhjvn1xd1e0i7kov798sxjhtwxv0b7d 0 3557202 9959281 2026-11-02T16:13:38Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|disacerbare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aabcdeiorst|sciabordate}}」的新頁面 9959281 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{it-pp}} # {{past participle of|it|disacerbare}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aabcdeiorst|sciabordate}} 16j7s27x9uvve1gq1yuadd75lnock4o 0 3557203 9959282 2026-11-02T16:13:47Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{it-verb|è}} # {{lb|it|書面|比喻|不及物}} [[減輕]]，[[緩和]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|è}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|disacerbare}}」的新頁面 9959282 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{it-verb|è}} # {{lb|it|書面|比喻|不及物}} [[減輕]]，[[緩和]] ====變位==== {{it-conj|è}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|it|disacerbare}} 9qiaf85teqg7jbh0f1pfzirwy9f91xf 0 3557204 9959283 2026-11-02T16:13:58Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disacerbante}}」的新頁面 9959283 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|分詞變格形}} # {{plural of|it|disacerbante}} 1hmxalb870jdjoqhsm9d27p4c34n6to 0 3557205 9959284 2026-11-02T16:14:08Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disacerbato}}」的新頁面 9959284 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===分詞=== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-s}} # {{feminine singular of|it|disacerbato}} jm3gifdhk5qa9fzczykwk8zra09n1xi 0 3557206 9959285 2026-11-02T16:14:11Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disacerbato}}」的新頁面 9959285 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbare||2|p|pres|indc|;|2|p|impr}} ===詞源2=== ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|it|disacerbato}} c3buvto4plbvompu8mh3vbqohsrhbk0 0 3557207 9959286 2026-11-02T16:14:18Z Sayonzei 40728 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|disacerbàti}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disacerbato}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|disacèrbati}} ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbarsi||2|s|impr}}」的新頁面 9959286 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===詞源1=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|disacerbàti}} ====分詞==== {{head|it|過去分詞變格形|g=m-p}} # {{masculine plural of|it|disacerbato}} ===詞源2=== ====發音==== {{it-pr|disacèrbati}} ====動詞==== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbarsi||2|s|impr}} rzdn71rbg09bdx604lm9k141cmsc4em 0 3557208 9959288 2026-11-02T16:15:53Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9959288 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|dilungare||1|s|phis}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=adgiilnu|languidi}} 7p4arg1y40zepy5taa5x4tm8fxtkuej 0 3557209 9959289 2026-11-02T16:15:54Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9959289 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|dilungare||1|p|phis}} p8j5onwpa0lj8kfdjm8jxnf3vmb1rb9 0 3557210 9959290 2026-11-02T16:15:55Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9959290 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # 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{{inflection of|it|disacerbare||2|p|cond}} 9uc0jl50fu26pyteqodo3r5q42cmkwx 0 3557495 9959575 2026-11-02T16:24:18Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9959575 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbare||2|s|cond}} d86wb9jrpgcxf7rjg75d44fdai188ui 0 3557496 9959576 2026-11-02T16:24:19Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9959576 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbare||2|p|futr}} 7gmfb5s26i7qegib15id8vn4n1whuwm 0 3557497 9959577 2026-11-02T16:24:20Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9959577 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbare||3|s|futr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=aabcdeeirrs|disacerbare}} e0b2wxnf1dynt0oylsaf0v6gv83k3js 0 3557498 9959578 2026-11-02T16:24:23Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9959578 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbare||1|s|futr}} 0c6w6bvjdvnswot69fuhtapnd00sx85 0 3557499 9959579 2026-11-02T16:24:25Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9959579 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbare||2|s|pres|indc|;|1//2//3|s|pres|subj|;|3|s|impr}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=abcdeiirs|ribadisce}} l2lysypxi5pc94lu57ga5jbzkh707hz 0 3557500 9959580 2026-11-02T16:24:26Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9959580 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbare||1|p|pres|ind//sub|;|1|p|impr}} hp9sxzrc6235khlis5bz3u5ukbu3wfu 0 3557501 9959581 2026-11-02T16:24:27Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9959581 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbare||2|p|pres|subj}} ru5jdbfj6o8iolenokwnl44sfllv33o 0 3557502 9959582 2026-11-02T16:24:30Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9959582 wikitext text/x-wiki ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbare||3|p|pres|subj|;|3|p|impr}} dq54xdx1c2lduw8n2xkhztqxfspztk1 0 3557503 9959583 2026-11-02T16:24:31Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9959583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|disacerbò}} ==意大利語== ===發音=== {{it-pr|disacèrbo}} ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbare||1|s|pres|indc}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=abcdeiors|diboscare}} 5a3nppy2lml1gbjsavomukhbskrgl47 0 3557504 9959584 2026-11-02T16:24:33Z TongcyBot 83009 半自動導入非詞元形式 9959584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|disacerbo}} ==意大利語== ===動詞=== {{head|it|動詞變位形式}} # {{inflection of|it|disacerbare||3|s|phis}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|it|a=abcdeiors|diboscare}} 7klisz9lwpog6grt7pwzxyh7mnx09sb 0 3557505 9959586 2026-11-02T16:28:18Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==西班牙語== ===名詞=== {{head|es|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|es|monseñor}}」的新頁面 9959586 wikitext text/x-wiki ==西班牙語== ===名詞=== {{head|es|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|es|monseñor}} 5n1zdoa2yp75d591sfdv57u458omxpn 0 3557506 9959587 2026-11-02T16:29:22Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=méngxí |c=mung4 zik6 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|天主教}} [[天主教|天主]][[教會]]授予具特殊[[功勳]]或職務之教區[[司鐸]]的榮譽[[稱號]] {{C|zh|羅馬天主教|稱謂}}」的新頁面 9959587 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=méngxí |c=mung4 zik6 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|天主教}} [[天主教|天主]][[教會]]授予具特殊[[功勳]]或職務之教區[[司鐸]]的榮譽[[稱號]] {{C|zh|羅馬天主教|稱謂}} p49g3ygdjcwhszs7hnyqwo20thp8t2y 9959588 9959587 2026-11-02T16:30:43Z TongcyDai 53191 9959588 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=méngxí |c=mung4 zik6 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|天主教}} 由[[教宗]]授予具特殊[[功勳]]或職務之教區[[司鐸]]的榮譽[[稱號]] ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|榮譽稱號}} * 阿爾巴尼亞語：{{t+|sq|imzot}} * 巴斯克語：{{t|eu|monsinore}} * 荷蘭語：{{t+|nl|monseigneur|m}} * 英語：{{t+|en|monsignor}} * 世界語：{{t|eo|monsinjoro}} * 法語：{{t+|fr|monseigneur|m}} * 德語：{{t+|de|Monsignore|m}} * 印尼語：{{t+|id|monsinyur}} * 意大利語：{{t+|it|monsignore|m}} * 馬其頓語：{{t|mk|монсињо́р|m}} * 波蘭語：{{t+|pl|prałat|m}} * 葡萄牙語：{{t+|pt|monsenhor|m}} * 俄語：{{t+|ru|монсеньо́р|m}} * 西班牙語：{{t+|es|monseñor|m}} * 瑞典語：{{t+|sv|monsignore|c}} * 他加祿語：{{t|tl|monsenyor}} * 越南語：{{t|vi|đức ông}} {{trans-bottom}} {{C|zh|羅馬天主教|稱謂}} dkd359aznbpzyrtq0hj8bpmh659yrqb 9959596 9959588 2026-11-02T16:54:05Z TongcyDai 53191 9959596 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms}} {{wp}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=méngxí |c=mung4 zik6 |cat=n }} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|天主教}} 由[[教宗]]授予具特殊[[功勳]]或職務之教區[[司鐸]]的榮譽[[稱號]] ====翻譯==== {{trans-top|榮譽稱號}} * 阿爾巴尼亞語：{{t+|sq|imzot}} * 巴斯克語：{{t|eu|monsinore}} * 荷蘭語：{{t+|nl|monseigneur|m}} * 英語：{{t+|en|monsignor}} * 世界語：{{t|eo|monsinjoro}} * 法語：{{t+|fr|monseigneur|m}} * 德語：{{t+|de|Monsignore|m}} * 印尼語：{{t+|id|monsinyur}} * 意大利語：{{t+|it|monsignore|m}} * 馬其頓語：{{t|mk|монсињо́р|m}} * 波蘭語：{{t+|pl|prałat|m}} * 葡萄牙語：{{t+|pt|monsenhor|m}} * 俄語：{{t+|ru|монсеньо́р|m}} * 西班牙語：{{t+|es|monseñor|m}} * 瑞典語：{{t+|sv|monsignore|c}} * 他加祿語：{{t|tl|monsenyor}} * 越南語：{{t|vi|đức ông}} {{trans-bottom}} {{C|zh|羅馬天主教|稱謂}} jt68w2x15lsk0z9zogn2eipyn0gwdjd 0 3557507 9959590 2026-11-02T16:45:25Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== {{wp|de:}} ===替代寫法=== * {{alt|de|Msgr.||縮寫}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/mɔnzɪnˈjoːʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Monsignore.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{rhymes|de|oːʁə|s=4}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m,-,Monsignori}} # {{lb|de|羅馬天主教}} [[蒙席]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m,-,Monsignori}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}}」的新頁面 9959590 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== {{wp|de:}} ===替代寫法=== * {{alt|de|Msgr.||縮寫}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/mɔnzɪnˈjoːʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-Monsignore.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{rhymes|de|oːʁə|s=4}} ===名詞=== {{de-noun|m,-,Monsignori}} # {{lb|de|羅馬天主教}} [[蒙席]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m,-,Monsignori}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:UniLeipzig}} 5oqi7oq6yccleozrse85qcg4sic25ts 0 3557508 9959591 2026-11-02T16:45:49Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|monsignori}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{ety|en|:bor|it:monsignori|text=+|tree=1}} ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|Monsignor}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/mɔnzɪnˈjoːʁi/}} * {{audio|de|De-Monsignori.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Monsignore||p}}」的新頁面 9959591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|monsignori}} ==英語== ===詞源=== {{ety|en|:bor|it:monsignori|text=+|tree=1}} ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|Monsignor}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/mɔnzɪnˈjoːʁi/}} * {{audio|de|De-Monsignori.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|de|Monsignore||p}} 7qpd1a0x0jwld5ohe6v769gacaua4bm 0 3557509 9959593 2026-11-02T16:48:12Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Messeigneurs}} ==英語== ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{lb|en|古舊}} {{plural of|en|monseigneur}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|mésseigneurs}} ===名詞=== {{head|fr|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|fr|monseigneur}}」的新頁面 9959593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Messeigneurs}} ==英語== ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{lb|en|古舊}} {{plural of|en|monseigneur}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|mésseigneurs}} ===名詞=== {{head|fr|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|fr|monseigneur}} qqoguqgtqo5b7rvdo4dltpoiy8xndez 0 3557510 9959594 2026-11-02T16:48:28Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Monseigneurs}} ==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-monseigneurs.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|nl|monseigneur}} ==英語== ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|monseigneur}}」的新頁面 9959594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Monseigneurs}} ==荷蘭語== ===發音=== * {{audio|nl|Nl-monseigneurs.ogg}} ===名詞=== {{head|nl|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|nl|monseigneur}} ==英語== ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|monseigneur}} t7u0g024h5fqpg51zc34avs77sm1uhj 0 3557511 9959595 2026-11-02T16:50:50Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Nosseigneurs}} ==法語== ===詞源=== {{ety|fr|:af|nos|seigneurs}} 源自 {{af|fr|nos|seigneurs}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|nôsseigneurs}} ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|m-p}} # [[各位]][[大人]]，各位[[閣下]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PPVxomngaHUC&pg=PA789].</ref> #: {{syn|fr|[[Ngrs|N^grs]]}} ====參見==== * {{l|fr|monseigneur}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} {{C|fr|稱謂}}」的新頁面 9959595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Nosseigneurs}} ==法語== ===詞源=== {{ety|fr|:af|nos|seigneurs}} 源自 {{af|fr|nos|seigneurs}}。 ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA|nôsseigneurs}} ===名詞=== {{fr-noun|m-p}} # [[各位]][[大人]]，各位[[閣下]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PPVxomngaHUC&pg=PA789].</ref> #: {{syn|fr|[[Ngrs|N^grs]]}} ====參見==== * {{l|fr|monseigneur}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} {{C|fr|稱謂}} 0tmmrc7pyfys31gl2vjjopw5osup2ql 0 3557512 9959597 2026-11-02T16:55:10Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==英語== ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|banhu}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=abhnsu|bhunas}} ==古英語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|ang|bān<t:骨>|hūs<t:屋>|type=kenning}}。對照 {{m|ang|sāwelhūs|t=身體|lit=靈魂之屋}} 與 {{m|ang|feorhhūs|t=身體|lit=生命之屋}}。 ===發音=== * {{ang-IPA|bān-hūs}} ===名詞=== {{ang-noun|bānhūs|n|bānhūs}} # {{lb|ang|poetic}} [[身體]]，…」的新頁面 9959597 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== ===名詞=== {{head|en|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|en|banhu}} ===異序詞=== * {{anagrams|en|a=abhnsu|bhunas}} ==古英語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|ang|bān<t:骨>|hūs<t:屋>|type=kenning}}。對照 {{m|ang|sāwelhūs|t=身體|lit=靈魂之屋}} 與 {{m|ang|feorhhūs|t=身體|lit=生命之屋}}。 ===發音=== * {{ang-IPA|bān-hūs}} ===名詞=== {{ang-noun|bānhūs|n|bānhūs}} # {{lb|ang|poetic}} [[身體]]，[[軀幹]] #: {{syn|ang|bodiġ|hrǣw|hrif|līchama}} ====變格==== {{ang-decl-noun-a-n|bānhūs}} {{C|ang|身體}} g2n0q4k8ho377u0tpg81tim7pqeq9hu 0 3557513 9959598 2026-11-02T17:03:09Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==古英語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|ang|līcema|līchoma}} ===詞源=== {{root|ang|ine-pro|*leyg-|id1=相像|*ḱem-}} {{dercat|ang|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=1}} {{inh+|ang|gmw-pro|*līkahamō}}，等價於 {{af|ang|līċ|hama}}。詳見{{cog|en|likam}}。 ===發音=== * {{ang-IPA|līc-hama}} ===名詞=== {{ang-noun|līchama|m}} # {{C|ang|身體}}[[身體]] #* {{RQ:ang:Alfred Hargrove Soliloquies|page=34|text=Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þ…」的新頁面 9959598 wikitext text/x-wiki ==古英語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|ang|līcema|līchoma}} ===詞源=== {{root|ang|ine-pro|*leyg-|id1=相像|*ḱem-}} {{dercat|ang|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=1}} {{inh+|ang|gmw-pro|*līkahamō}}，等價於 {{af|ang|līċ|hama}}。詳見{{cog|en|likam}}。 ===發音=== * {{ang-IPA|līc-hama}} ===名詞=== {{ang-noun|līchama|m}} # {{C|ang|身體}}[[身體]] #* {{RQ:ang:Alfred Hargrove Soliloquies|page=34|text=Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on '''līchaman''', and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?|t=如果真有那麼一天，你發覺自己十分健全、十分強壯，所有的朋友都在你身邊，無論在心靈還是'''身體'''上，而且都在做著你最喜歡做的工作、懷著同樣的心願，那麼你會感到絲毫快樂嗎？}} # [[軀幹]] ====變格==== {{ang-decl-noun-n-m|līcham}} ====近義詞==== * {{l|ang|bodiġ}} * {{l|ang|hrǣw}} * {{l|ang|hrif}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desctree|enm|likame}} l0sxg2sznx4rgcp29d3scdu4uquu3yp 9959603 9959598 2026-11-02T17:06:30Z TongcyDai 53191 9959603 wikitext text/x-wiki ==古英語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|ang|līcema|līchoma}} ===詞源=== {{root|ang|ine-pro|*leyg-|id1=像|*ḱem-}} {{dercat|ang|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=1}} {{inh+|ang|gmw-pro|*līkahamō}}，等價於 {{af|ang|līċ|hama}}。詳見{{cog|en|likam}}。 ===發音=== * {{ang-IPA|līc-hama}} ===名詞=== {{ang-noun|līchama|m}} # {{C|ang|身體}}[[身體]] #* {{RQ:ang:Alfred Hargrove Soliloquies|page=34|text=Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on '''līchaman''', and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?|t=如果真有那麼一天，你發覺自己十分健全、十分強壯，所有的朋友都在你身邊，無論在心靈還是'''身體'''上，而且都在做著你最喜歡做的工作、懷著同樣的心願，那麼你會感到絲毫快樂嗎？}} # [[軀幹]] ====變格==== {{ang-decl-noun-n-m|līcham}} ====近義詞==== * {{l|ang|bodiġ}} * {{l|ang|hrǣw}} * {{l|ang|hrif}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desctree|enm|likame}} cnyfhgmtey2nmqb9e3bd5dmuopaxd3a 14 3557515 9959600 2026-11-02T17:03:36Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557516 9959601 2026-11-02T17:03:42Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557517 9959602 2026-11-02T17:03:50Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 118 3557518 9959604 2026-11-02T17:13:56Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{reconstructed}} ==原始印歐語== {{etymon|ine-pro|id=清醒|pos=root}} ===詞根=== {{ine-root}}<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|pages=150-152|head=*bheudh-}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:LIV|head=*bʰeu̯dʰ-|pages=82-83}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:LIN|head=*bʰeu̯dʰ-|pages=36-37}}</ref><ref name="Ringe 2006">{{R:gem:PIEPG}}</ref><ref name="Beekes">{{R:grc:Beekes|head=πυνθάνομαι|page=1258|volume=II}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:Cheung2007|head=*baud¹|pages=14-15}}</r…」的新頁面 9959604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{reconstructed}} ==原始印歐語== {{etymon|ine-pro|id=清醒|pos=root}} ===詞根=== {{ine-root}}<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|pages=150-152|head=*bheudh-}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:LIV|head=*bʰeu̯dʰ-|pages=82-83}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:LIN|head=*bʰeu̯dʰ-|pages=36-37}}</ref><ref name="Ringe 2006">{{R:gem:PIEPG}}</ref><ref name="Beekes">{{R:grc:Beekes|head=πυνθάνομαι|page=1258|volume=II}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:Cheung2007|head=*baud¹|pages=14-15}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:NIL|pages=36-37}}</ref> # [[清醒]]，[[覺知]] #: {{synonyms|ine-pro|*weǵ-}} ====派生詞彙==== {{rootsee}} * {{l|ine-pro|*bʰéwdʰeti|*bʰéwdʰ-e-ti|pos=主題元音詞根現在時}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|head=*bľustì|page=46}}</ref><ref>{{R:txb:Adams 2013|head=paut-|page=437}}</ref> * {{l|ine-pro||*bʰu-né-dʰ-ti ~ *bʰu-n-dʰ-énti|pos=鼻音中綴現在時}}<ref name="Beekes"/><ref name="M">{{R:cel:Matasovic 2009|head=*bu-n-do-|page=83}}</ref> ** {{desc|cel-pro|*bundeti|t=宣告}} ** {{desc|grk-pro}} *** {{desc|grc|πυνθάνομαι|t=得知}} * {{l|ine-pro|*bʰebʰówdʰe|*bʰe-bʰówdʰ-e ~ *bʰe-bʰudʰ-ḗr|pos=完成時}}<ref name="M"/> * {{l|ine-pro||*bʰudʰ-yé-tor|pos=異態yé-現在時}} ** {{desc|iir-pro|*bʰudʰyátay}} *** {{desc|inc-pro|*budʰyátay}} **** {{desc|sa|बुध्यते|tr=búdhyate}} {{see desc}} *** {{desc|ira-pro|*budyátay}} **** 晚期{{desc|ae|𐬠𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀|pos=第三人稱單數中動態祈願式}} * {{l|ine-pro||*bʰudʰ-éh₁ye-ti}} ** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*budḗˀtei}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|head=*bъděti|pages=68-69}}</ref><ref>{{R:bat:EDBIL|head=budėti|page=104}}</ref> {{see desc}} * {{l|ine-pro|*bʰowdʰéyeti|*bʰowdʰ-éye-ti|pos=使役動詞}}<ref>{{R:bat:EDBIL|head=baudyti|page=83}}</ref> * {{l|ine-pro||*bʰowdʰ-os}}<ref name="M"/> ** {{desc|cel-pro|*ɸro-bowdos}} *** {{desc|cel-bry-pro|}} **** {{desc|cy|rhybudd}} *** {{desc|sga|robud}} {{see desc}} ** {{desc|iir-pro|*bʰawdʰas}} *** {{desc|inc-pro|*bawdʰas}} **** {{desc|sa|बोध|tr=bodhá}} *** {{desc|ira-pro|*bawdas}} **** 晚期阿維斯陀語： {{l|ae|𐬠𐬀𐬊𐬛𐬀}} ** {{desc|ine-toc-pro|*pāut-}} mew01l9oaz6y7pqw7722nydqvvglzq8 9959605 9959604 2026-11-02T17:14:16Z TongcyDai 53191 9959605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{reconstructed}} ==原始印歐語== {{etymon|ine-pro|id=醒|pos=root}} ===詞根=== {{ine-root}}<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|pages=150-152|head=*bheudh-}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:LIV|head=*bʰeu̯dʰ-|pages=82-83}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:LIN|head=*bʰeu̯dʰ-|pages=36-37}}</ref><ref name="Ringe 2006">{{R:gem:PIEPG}}</ref><ref name="Beekes">{{R:grc:Beekes|head=πυνθάνομαι|page=1258|volume=II}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:Cheung2007|head=*baud¹|pages=14-15}}</ref><ref>{{R:ine:NIL|pages=36-37}}</ref> # [[清醒]]，[[覺知]] #: {{synonyms|ine-pro|*weǵ-}} ====派生詞彙==== {{rootsee}} * {{l|ine-pro|*bʰéwdʰeti|*bʰéwdʰ-e-ti|pos=主題元音詞根現在時}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|head=*bľustì|page=46}}</ref><ref>{{R:txb:Adams 2013|head=paut-|page=437}}</ref> * {{l|ine-pro||*bʰu-né-dʰ-ti ~ *bʰu-n-dʰ-énti|pos=鼻音中綴現在時}}<ref name="Beekes"/><ref name="M">{{R:cel:Matasovic 2009|head=*bu-n-do-|page=83}}</ref> ** {{desc|cel-pro|*bundeti|t=宣告}} ** {{desc|grk-pro}} *** {{desc|grc|πυνθάνομαι|t=得知}} * {{l|ine-pro|*bʰebʰówdʰe|*bʰe-bʰówdʰ-e ~ *bʰe-bʰudʰ-ḗr|pos=完成時}}<ref name="M"/> * {{l|ine-pro||*bʰudʰ-yé-tor|pos=異態yé-現在時}} ** {{desc|iir-pro|*bʰudʰyátay}} *** {{desc|inc-pro|*budʰyátay}} **** {{desc|sa|बुध्यते|tr=búdhyate}} {{see desc}} *** {{desc|ira-pro|*budyátay}} **** 晚期{{desc|ae|𐬠𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀|pos=第三人稱單數中動態祈願式}} * {{l|ine-pro||*bʰudʰ-éh₁ye-ti}} ** {{desc|ine-bsl-pro|*budḗˀtei}}<ref>{{R:sla:EDSIL|head=*bъděti|pages=68-69}}</ref><ref>{{R:bat:EDBIL|head=budėti|page=104}}</ref> {{see desc}} * {{l|ine-pro|*bʰowdʰéyeti|*bʰowdʰ-éye-ti|pos=使役動詞}}<ref>{{R:bat:EDBIL|head=baudyti|page=83}}</ref> * {{l|ine-pro||*bʰowdʰ-os}}<ref name="M"/> ** {{desc|cel-pro|*ɸro-bowdos}} *** {{desc|cel-bry-pro|}} **** {{desc|cy|rhybudd}} *** {{desc|sga|robud}} {{see desc}} ** {{desc|iir-pro|*bʰawdʰas}} *** {{desc|inc-pro|*bawdʰas}} **** {{desc|sa|बोध|tr=bodhá}} *** {{desc|ira-pro|*bawdas}} **** 晚期阿維斯陀語： {{l|ae|𐬠𐬀𐬊𐬛𐬀}} ** {{desc|ine-toc-pro|*pāut-}} n2hebc2nlf9b42p1qms1k6ndt98c5dd 118 3557519 9959606 2026-11-02T17:16:22Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{reconstructed}} ==原始西日耳曼語== ===詞源=== {{etymon|gmw-pro|id=身體|:inh|gem-pro:<alt:*budagą><ety:der<ine-pro:*bʰewdʰ-<id:清醒><unc:1>>>}} {{unk|gmw-pro}}。可能{{inh+|gmw-pro|gem-pro||*budagą}}，亦可能由形容詞 {{m|gem-pro||*budagaz|t=清醒的、活著的}} 名詞化而來（後綴參見{{m+|gem-pro|*-agaz}}），源自{{der|gmw-pro|ine-pro|*bʰewdʰ-|id=清醒|t=清醒、察覺}}。{{rfv-etym|gem-pro}} ===…」的新頁面 9959606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{reconstructed}} ==原始西日耳曼語== ===詞源=== {{etymon|gmw-pro|id=身體|:inh|gem-pro:<alt:*budagą><ety:der<ine-pro:*bʰewdʰ-<id:清醒><unc:1>>>}} {{unk|gmw-pro}}。可能{{inh+|gmw-pro|gem-pro||*budagą}}，亦可能由形容詞 {{m|gem-pro||*budagaz|t=清醒的、活著的}} 名詞化而來（後綴參見{{m+|gem-pro|*-agaz}}），源自{{der|gmw-pro|ine-pro|*bʰewdʰ-|id=清醒|t=清醒、察覺}}。{{rfv-etym|gem-pro}} ===名詞=== {{head|gmw-pro|名詞|g=n}} # {{C|gmw-pro|身體|死亡}} [[身體]]；[[軀幹]]；[[屍體]] #: {{syn|gmw-pro|*būk|*līk|*līkahamō}} ====屈折==== {{gmw-infl-noun-a|g=n}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desctree|ang|bodiġ}} * {{desc|goh|botah}} ** {{desc|gmh|botech|botich|potich|potech}} *** {{desc|swg|Bottich}} r6ljyck8j79b29qagum8s1e8n4n1f0c 14 3557520 9959607 2026-11-02T17:16:38Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3557521 9959608 2026-11-02T17:20:20Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==英語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈboʊ.dɪɡ/}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun|-}} # {{lb|en|醫學}} 一種流行於[[關島]]的疾病，或指會導致[[癡呆]]的[[Lytico-Bodig disease|利蒂科-博迪格病]]之一種臨床表現 #* '''1997''', {{w|奧利佛·薩克斯|Oliver Sacks}}, ''The Island of the Colorblind'': #*: Only by degrees did it become clear to them, and him, that this was an organic malady, an all-too-familiar one, the '…」的新頁面 9959608 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈboʊ.dɪɡ/}} ===名詞=== {{en-noun|-}} # {{lb|en|醫學}} 一種流行於[[關島]]的疾病，或指會導致[[癡呆]]的[[Lytico-Bodig disease|利蒂科-博迪格病]]之一種臨床表現 #* '''1997''', {{w|奧利佛·薩克斯|Oliver Sacks}}, ''The Island of the Colorblind'': #*: Only by degrees did it become clear to them, and him, that this was an organic malady, an all-too-familiar one, the '''bodig'''. #*:: 他們和他才逐漸明白，這是一種器質性疾病，一種眾人皆十分熟悉的疾病——'''博迪格'''。 #* {{quote-book|en|date=2011-03-10|author=Carlo Colosimo; David E. Riley; Gregor K. Wenning|title=Handbook of Atypical Parkinsonism|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781139493758|page=108|text=Often lumped with lytico owing to clinical, familial, and pathological associations, is the parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam (PDCG), known locally as '''bodig'''; 40% of patients with '''bodig''' also have lytico. PDCG has its onset in middle{{nb...}}|t=由於臨床、家族與病理上的關聯，關島帕金森-癡呆複合症（PDCG）常與利蒂科病混為一談，在當地被稱為「'''博迪格'''」；40%的'''博迪格'''患者同時患有利蒂科病。PDCG多在中年發病{{nb...}}}} ====派生詞彙==== * [[lytico-bodig]] ===參考資料=== * {{quote-book|en|date=2011-06-30|author=Robert F. Rogers|title=Destiny's Landfall: A History of Guam, Revised Edition|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=9780824860974|page=208|text=The naval physicians renamed the bodig aspect of the disease, in which the spinal cord and brain are attacked, parkinsonism-dementia complex. In ALS, the lytico aspect, a sound brain is imprisoned in a paralyzed body.|t=海軍軍醫將該疾病中侵蝕脊髓和大腦的博迪格（bodig）症候重新命名為帕金森-癡呆複合症。在肌萎縮側索硬化症（即利蒂科 [lytico] 症候）中，健全的大腦被禁錮在癱瘓的身體裡。}} ==古英語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|ang|bodeġ}} ===詞源=== {{etymon|ang|id=身體|:inh|gmw-pro:*bodag<id:身體>}} {{dercat|ang|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=1}} {{inh+|ang|gmw-pro|*bodag||身體、軀幹}}。 ===發音=== * {{ang-IPA|bodiġ}} ===名詞=== {{ang-noun|bodiġ|n}} # [[身材]]，[[身高]]<ref name="bosworth">{{R:ang:BT|ref=004800}}</ref> #* {{quote|ang|Wæs Oswine se cyning on '''bodiġe''' hēah.|奧斯溫國王身材高大。}} # 肉身的[[存在]] # [[身體]]，[[軀幹]]，[[胸膛]] #: {{syn|ang|Thesaurus:bodig}} ====變格==== {{ang-decl-noun-a-n|bodiġ}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desctree|enm|bodi}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} {{C|ang|身體}} 6ovky1rjdl8vpciue4tmmu7hbnqczrk 0 3557522 9959609 2026-11-02T17:29:29Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{subst:zh-new|v|mc=y|{{lb|zh|書面}} [[掌理]][[法令]]，[[主持]][[審判]] #* {{zh-x|廷尉 w:于定國\^于.^定國 執憲 詳平，天下 自 以 不 冤。||CL|ref=《[[s:漢書/卷074|漢書·魏相丙吉傳]]》}} #* {{zh-x|後 @^員 與 @^伯夫 @^子禽 @^可 共 為{wéi} 飛書，誣謗 朝政。事發，有司 執憲，刑 及 五族。||CL|ref=《[[s:北史/卷080|北史·外戚傳·常英]]》}} #* {{zh-x|十年 猶 執憲…」的新頁面 9959609 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=执宪}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=zhíxiàn |mc=y |cat=v }} ===動詞=== {{zh-verb}} # {{lb|zh|書面}} [[掌理]][[法令]]，[[主持]][[審判]] #* {{zh-x|廷尉 w:于定國\^于.^定國 執憲 詳平，天下 自 以 不 冤。||CL|ref=《[[s:漢書/卷074|漢書·魏相丙吉傳]]》}} #* {{zh-x|後 @^員 與 @^伯夫 @^子禽 @^可 共 為{wéi} 飛書，誣謗 朝政。事發，有司 執憲，刑 及 五族。||CL|ref=《[[s:北史/卷080|北史·外戚傳·常英]]》}} #* {{zh-x|十年 猶 執憲，萬里 獨 歸 春。||TCP|ref=唐·{{w|李嘉祐}}〈[[s:送崔侍御入朝|送崔侍御入朝]]〉}} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|書面}} [[掌管]][[刑罰]]，[[執行]][[法令]]的[[官員]] #* {{zh-x|違 彼 執憲，哀 予{yú} 小臣。||TCP|ref=三國·魏·{{w|曹植}}《[[s:責躬詩|責躬詩]]》}} di23j0o2td75jzpphox0gchky535flq 9959611 9959609 2026-11-02T17:31:02Z TongcyDai 53191 9959611 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{zh-forms|s=执宪}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=zhíxiàn |c=zap1 hin3 |mc=y |cat=v }} ===動詞=== {{zh-verb}} # {{lb|zh|書面}} [[掌理]][[法令]]，[[主持]][[審判]] #* {{zh-x|廷尉 w:于定國\^于.^定國 執憲 詳平，天下 自 以 不 冤。||CL|ref=《[[s:漢書/卷074|漢書·魏相丙吉傳]]》}} #* {{zh-x|後 @^員 與 @^伯夫 @^子禽 @^可 共 為{wéi} 飛書，誣謗 朝政。事發，有司 執憲，刑 及 五族。||CL|ref=《[[s:北史/卷080|北史·外戚傳·常英]]》}} #* {{zh-x|十年 猶 執憲，萬里 獨 歸 春。||TCP|ref=唐·{{w|李嘉祐}}〈[[s:送崔侍御入朝|送崔侍御入朝]]〉}} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|書面}} [[掌管]][[刑罰]]，[[執行]][[法令]]的[[官員]] #* {{zh-x|違 彼 執憲，哀 予{yú} 小臣。||TCP|ref=三國·魏·{{w|曹植}}《[[s:責躬詩|責躬詩]]》}} s8mywsdapdvdn7oeb5yrjkpu0ye075a 9959612 9959611 2026-11-02T17:31:15Z TongcyDai 53191 9959612 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{was wotd|2026|11月|8日}} {{zh-forms|s=执宪}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=zhíxiàn |c=zap1 hin3 |mc=y |cat=v }} ===動詞=== {{zh-verb}} # {{lb|zh|書面}} [[掌理]][[法令]]，[[主持]][[審判]] #* {{zh-x|廷尉 w:于定國\^于.^定國 執憲 詳平，天下 自 以 不 冤。||CL|ref=《[[s:漢書/卷074|漢書·魏相丙吉傳]]》}} #* {{zh-x|後 @^員 與 @^伯夫 @^子禽 @^可 共 為{wéi} 飛書，誣謗 朝政。事發，有司 執憲，刑 及 五族。||CL|ref=《[[s:北史/卷080|北史·外戚傳·常英]]》}} #* {{zh-x|十年 猶 執憲，萬里 獨 歸 春。||TCP|ref=唐·{{w|李嘉祐}}〈[[s:送崔侍御入朝|送崔侍御入朝]]〉}} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|書面}} [[掌管]][[刑罰]]，[[執行]][[法令]]的[[官員]] #* {{zh-x|違 彼 執憲，哀 予{yú} 小臣。||TCP|ref=三國·魏·{{w|曹植}}《[[s:責躬詩|責躬詩]]》}} 49n9qja6ukch8xhyqc6bawx6csx7dqw 9959613 9959612 2026-11-02T17:31:29Z TongcyDai 53191 9959613 wikitext text/x-wiki ==漢語== {{was wotd|2026|11月|8日}} {{zh-forms|s=执宪}} ===發音=== {{zh-pron |m=zhíxiàn |c=zap1 hin3 |mc=y |cat=v }} ===動詞=== {{zh-verb}} # {{lb|zh|書面}} [[掌理]][[法令]]，[[主持]][[審判]] #* {{zh-x|廷尉 w:于定國\^于.^定國 執憲 詳平，天下 自 以 不 冤。||CL|ref=《[[s:漢書/卷074|漢書·魏相丙吉傳]]》}} #* {{zh-x|後 @^員 與 @^伯夫 @^子禽 @^可 共 為{wéi} 飛書，誣謗 朝政。事發，有司 執憲，刑 及 五族。||CL|ref=《[[s:北史/卷080|北史·外戚傳·常英]]》}} #* {{zh-x|十年 猶 執憲，萬里 獨 歸 春。||TCP|ref=唐·{{w|李嘉祐}}〈[[s:送崔侍御入朝|送崔侍御入朝]]〉}} ===名詞=== {{head|zh|名詞}} # {{lb|zh|書面}} [[掌管]][[刑罰]]，[[執行]][[法令]]的[[官員]] #* {{zh-x|違 彼 執憲，哀 予{yú} 小臣。||TCP|ref=三國·魏·{{w|曹植}}《[[s:責躬詩|責躬詩]]》}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:zh:HYDCD}} c7wzsygusxczffvajua50r1fvhinzop 4 3557523 9959610 2026-11-02T17:30:38Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{WOTD|執憲|動詞|2026|11月|8日| # {{lb|zh|書面}} [[掌理]][[法令]]，[[主持]][[審判]] '''{{zh-l|執憲}}''' 名詞 # {{lb|zh|書面}} [[掌管]][[刑罰]]，[[執行]][[法令]]的[[官員]] }}」的新頁面 9959610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WOTD|執憲|動詞|2026|11月|8日| # {{lb|zh|書面}} [[掌理]][[法令]]，[[主持]][[審判]] '''{{zh-l|執憲}}''' 名詞 # {{lb|zh|書面}} [[掌管]][[刑罰]]，[[執行]][[法令]]的[[官員]] }} 6w4pjgmrq87ig0m6zzw5yy00sfbb28e 0 3557524 9959614 2026-11-02T18:32:26Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==世界語== {{wp|eo:}} ===其他形式=== * {{alt|eo|o kej}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|eo|en|OK}} {{see desc}}。請勿與 {{m|eo|ok|t=八}} 或 {{m|eo|oke|t=第八}} 混淆。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|eo|/ˈokei̯/|/oˈkei̯/|q2=不推薦使用}} * {{audio|eo|LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-okej.wav}} * {{rhymes|eo|okei̯}} ===感嘆詞=== {{eo-intj}} # {{lb|eo|neologism|非正式|often|_|proscribed}} [[好]]，[[行]]，[[可以]] #: {{syn|eo|bone|en…」的新頁面 9959614 wikitext text/x-wiki ==世界語== {{wp|eo:}} ===其他形式=== * {{alt|eo|o kej}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|eo|en|OK}} {{see desc}}。請勿與 {{m|eo|ok|t=八}} 或 {{m|eo|oke|t=第八}} 混淆。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|eo|/ˈokei̯/|/oˈkei̯/|q2=不推薦使用}} * {{audio|eo|LL-Q143 (epo)-Lepticed7-okej.wav}} * {{rhymes|eo|okei̯}} ===感嘆詞=== {{eo-intj}} # {{lb|eo|neologism|非正式|often|_|proscribed}} [[好]]，[[行]]，[[可以]] #: {{syn|eo|bone|en ordo|konsentite}} ====用法說明==== 拼寫 ''okej'' 表示重音應置於首個音節，但多數人將重音發在末個音節（如同英語）。因此，''okej'' 經常受到規範排斥，建議改用拼寫 {{m|eo|o kej}} （或較少見的 {{m|eo|ho kej}} ）。然而，''okej'' 依然更為常用。 ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|:bor|en:OK|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr|o'kej|a=LL-Q809 (pol)-Olaf-okej.wav}} ===形容詞=== {{pl-adj|-|adv=-}} # {{lb|pl|口語}} [[可以]]的，[[沒問題]]的，[[好]]的 ===副詞=== {{pl-adv|-}} # {{lb|pl|口語}} [[順利]]地，[[還可以]]，[[尚可]] ===感嘆詞=== {{head|pl|感嘆詞}} # {{lb|pl|口語}} [[好]]，[[行]]，[[可以]] ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:WSJP}} * {{R:pl:PWN}} {{cln|pl|manner adverbs}} ==塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|sh|en|okay}}。 ===感嘆詞=== {{sh-intj}} # {{lb|sh|口語}} [[好]]，[[行]]，[[可以]] #: {{ux|sh|'''Okej''', može!|好，可以！}} ===形容詞=== {{sh-adj}} # {{lb|sh|口語}} [[可以]]的，[[沒問題]]的，[[好]]的 ==瑞典語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|sv|/ɔˈkɛj/|/ʊˈkɛj/}} * {{audio|sv|Sv-okej.ogg}} * {{rhymes|sv|ɛj|s=2}} ===形容詞=== {{sv-adj|peri|indecl=1}}<ref>{{R:svenska.se|saol}}</ref><ref>{{R:svenska.se|so}}</ref> # [[可以]]的，[[沒問題]]的 #: {{ux|sv|Är det '''okej''' om jag går hem nu?|如果我現在回家'''可以'''嗎？}} ===副詞=== {{sv-adv|-}} # [[還可以]]，[[順利]]地，[[尚可]] #: {{ux|sv|Provet gick '''okej'''.|測驗考得還行。}} ===感嘆詞=== {{head|sv|intj}} # [[好]]，[[行]]，[[可以]] ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} fis3ztbr0s9o04bt95rup5u6s1ulftr 0 3557525 9959616 2026-11-02T18:52:38Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==路易斯安那克里奧爾法語== {{phrasebook|lou|告別}} ===其他形式=== * {{alt|lou|aréwar|oréwar}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|lou|fr|au revoir|t=再見|lit=直到重逢}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|lou|/aɾeˈwa/}} * {{rhymes|lou|a|s=3}} ===感嘆詞=== {{head|lou|感嘆詞}} # [[再見]]，[[再會]] #: {{synonyms|lou|bonjou|zadjé}} {{cln|lou|告別}}」的新頁面 9959616 wikitext text/x-wiki ==路易斯安那克里奧爾法語== {{phrasebook|lou|告別}} ===其他形式=== * {{alt|lou|aréwar|oréwar}} ===詞源=== {{inh+|lou|fr|au revoir|t=再見|lit=直到重逢}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|lou|/aɾeˈwa/}} * {{rhymes|lou|a|s=3}} ===感嘆詞=== {{head|lou|感嘆詞}} # [[再見]]，[[再會]] #: {{synonyms|lou|bonjou|zadjé}} {{cln|lou|告別}} 53khhp00hn3yaw46jyixcqbcb8z13tu 14 3557526 9959617 2026-11-02T18:52:49Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557527 9959618 2026-11-02T18:52:56Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3557528 9959619 2026-11-02T18:53:00Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==海地克里奧爾語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|ht|fr|au revoir||再見}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|ht|/oɣevwa/}} ===感嘆詞=== {{head|ht|感嘆詞}} # [[再見]]，[[再會]] ===參考資料=== * {{R:ht:Targète|page=140}}」的新頁面 9959619 wikitext text/x-wiki ==海地克里奧爾語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|ht|fr|au revoir||再見}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|ht|/oɣevwa/}} ===感嘆詞=== {{head|ht|感嘆詞}} # [[再見]]，[[再會]] ===參考資料=== * {{R:ht:Targète|page=140}} qcocdzx7e39f2mrc44cbu3c8pxtzos4 14 3557529 9959620 2026-11-02T18:53:03Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3557530 9959621 2026-11-02T18:53:08Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==毛里求斯克里奧爾語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|mfe|fr|au revoir}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|mfe|/oɰevwɑː/}} ===感嘆詞=== {{head|mfe|感嘆詞}} # [[再見]]，[[再會]] #: {{syn|mfe|alvida|bye}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:mfe:Baker:1987|page=242}} * {{R:mfe:Carpooran:2011|page=766}} ==塞舌爾克里奧爾語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|crs|fr|au revoir}}。 ===感嘆詞=== {{head|crs|感嘆詞}} # [[再見]]，[[再會]]」的新頁面 9959621 wikitext text/x-wiki ==毛里求斯克里奧爾語== ===詞源=== {{inh+|mfe|fr|au revoir}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|mfe|/oɰevwɑː/}} ===感嘆詞=== {{head|mfe|感嘆詞}} # [[再見]]，[[再會]] #: {{syn|mfe|alvida|bye}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:mfe:Baker:1987|page=242}} * {{R:mfe:Carpooran:2011|page=766}} ==塞舌爾克里奧爾語== ===詞源=== 源自{{der|crs|fr|au revoir}}。 ===感嘆詞=== {{head|crs|感嘆詞}} # [[再見]]，[[再會]] dvlqlaewweaikz830v8ly5wxbhe2u22 14 3557531 9959622 2026-11-02T18:53:09Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557532 9959623 2026-11-02T18:53:17Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557533 9959624 2026-11-02T18:53:23Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557534 9959625 2026-11-02T18:53:36Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3557535 9959627 2026-11-02T18:58:03Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==保加利亞語== ===詞源=== {{univerbation|bg|до<t:直到>|виждане<t:看見>}}。和{{cog|ru|до свида́ния}}。對照語義平行而關係較遠的同源詞 {{cog|fr|au revoir}}、{{cog|it|arrivederci}}，和{{cog|la|videō}} (+ {{m+|la|ad-}} + {{m+|la|re-}}) 相關。亦對照{{cog|pt|até mais ver}}、{{cog|es|hasta la vista}}，這些短語也和{{cog|la|videō}}（可能還包括 {{m|la|ad}}）同源。 ===發音…」的新頁面 9959627 wikitext text/x-wiki ==保加利亞語== ===詞源=== {{univerbation|bg|до<t:直到>|виждане<t:看見>}}。和{{cog|ru|до свида́ния}}。對照語義平行而關係較遠的同源詞 {{cog|fr|au revoir}}、{{cog|it|arrivederci}}，和{{cog|la|videō}} (+ {{m+|la|ad-}} + {{m+|la|re-}}) 相關。亦對照{{cog|pt|até mais ver}}、{{cog|es|hasta la vista}}，這些短語也和{{cog|la|videō}}（可能還包括 {{m|la|ad}}）同源。 ===發音=== {{bg-pr|дови́ждане|a=[KK]}} ===感嘆詞=== {{head|bg|感嘆詞|head=дови́ждане}} # [[再見]]，[[再會]] ===參考資料=== * {{R:bg:RBE}} * {{R:bg:RBE2}} {{cln|bg|常用語手冊}} qrgo8wchgm6ren30izw2zk2mlzp4vmf 14 3557536 9959628 2026-11-02T18:58:10Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557537 9959629 2026-11-02T18:58:19Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3557538 9959648 2026-11-03T04:38:18Z 内存溢出的猫 85038 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==锡伯语== ===词源=== {{bor+|sjo|cmn|公里}}. ===名詞=== {{head|sjo|名詞|tr=gungli}} # [[公里]]，[[千米]] #* {{quote-journal|sjo |text=ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠰᡞᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᡞᡢᡤᡝ “ᠮᡞᡢᡤᠠᠨ ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ '''ᡤᡠᡢᠯᡞ''' ᠰᡞᠮᠪᡝ ᠪᠠᡞᠷᡝ — ᠪᡞᡨᡥᡝ ᡥᡡᠯᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᡪᡞᡤᡝ ᠪᡠᠶᡝᠷᡝ ᡤᡡᠨᡞᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨᡝᠪᡠᠷᡝᠰ” ᠠᡧᡧᠠᠨ…」的新頁面 9959648 wikitext text/x-wiki ==锡伯语== ===词源=== {{bor+|sjo|cmn|公里}}. ===名詞=== {{head|sjo|名詞|tr=gungli}} # [[公里]]，[[千米]] #* {{quote-journal|sjo |text=ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠰᡞᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᡞᡢᡤᡝ “ᠮᡞᡢᡤᠠᠨ ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ '''ᡤᡠᡢᠯᡞ''' ᠰᡞᠮᠪᡝ ᠪᠠᡞᠷᡝ — ᠪᡞᡨᡥᡝ ᡥᡡᠯᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᡪᡞᡤᡝ ᠪᡠᠶᡝᠷᡝ ᡤᡡᠨᡞᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨᡝᠪᡠᠷᡝᠰ” ᠠᡧᡧᠠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡪᡞᡢᡣᡞᠷᡝᠮᡝ ᠠᡧᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠪᡠᡥᠠᠪᡞ |tr=cabcal siyan ningge “minggan tumen '''gungli''' simbe baire — bithe hūlara ajige buyere gūnin be eldenebures” aššan be jingkireme aššandubuhabi |t=察布查尔县“千万'''里'''找寻着你——点亮阅读微心愿”活动正式启动 |date=2026-10-30|issue=6093 |work=sjo:ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠰᡝᠷᡣᡞᠨ<t:{{w|察布查尔报}}>}} htw2tyvhorz2wlnxnkf0mvi4pg1rnfw 9959649 9959648 2026-11-03T04:44:15Z 内存溢出的猫 85038 eldenebure 衍字 9959649 wikitext text/x-wiki ==锡伯语== ===词源=== {{bor+|sjo|cmn|公里}}. ===名詞=== {{head|sjo|名詞|tr=gungli}} # [[公里]]，[[千米]] #* {{quote-journal|sjo |text=ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠰᡞᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᡞᡢᡤᡝ “ᠮᡞᡢᡤᠠᠨ ᡨᡠᠮᡝᠨ '''ᡤᡠᡢᠯᡞ''' ᠰᡞᠮᠪᡝ ᠪᠠᡞᠷᡝ — ᠪᡞᡨᡥᡝ ᡥᡡᠯᠠᠷᠠ ᠠᡪᡞᡤᡝ ᠪᡠᠶᡝᠷᡝ ᡤᡡᠨᡞᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠨᡝᠪᡠᠷᡝ” ᠠᡧᡧᠠᠨ ᠪᡝ ᡪᡞᡢᡣᡞᠷᡝᠮᡝ ᠠᡧᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠪᡠᡥᠠᠪᡞ |tr=cabcal siyan ningge “minggan tumen '''gungli''' simbe baire — bithe hūlara ajige buyere gūnin be eldenebure” aššan be jingkireme aššandubuhabi |t=察布查尔县“千万'''里'''找寻着你——点亮阅读微心愿”活动正式启动 |date=2026-10-30|issue=6093 |work=sjo:ᠴᠠᠪᠴᠠᠯ ᠰᡝᠷᡣᡞᠨ<t:{{w|察布查尔报}}>}} c5wzhlc94oh7n6khfpcut65ps5gmha3 0 3557539 9959660 2026-11-03T06:52:42Z YeBoy371 43905 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==日语== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|あし|alt=脚こき,脚扱き:罕用}} ===詞源=== {{ja-compound|脚|あし|扱き|こき|linkto2=-|t1=腿|pos2={{ja-etym-renyokei|扱く|こく|捋|nodot=1}}}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|あしコキ|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|あしコキ}} # [[腳交]]，以[[大腿]]、[[小腿]]刺激[[性器]] ====相關詞彙==== * {{ja-r|足コキ|あしコキ}} * {{ja-r|手コキ|てコキ|}} {{C|ja|性}}」的新頁面 9959660 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日语== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|あし|alt=脚こき,脚扱き:罕用}} ===詞源=== {{ja-compound|脚|あし|扱き|こき|linkto2=-|t1=腿|pos2={{ja-etym-renyokei|扱く|こく|捋|nodot=1}}}}。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|あしコキ|acc=0}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|あしコキ}} # [[腳交]]，以[[大腿]]、[[小腿]]刺激[[性器]] ====相關詞彙==== * {{ja-r|足コキ|あしコキ}} * {{ja-r|手コキ|てコキ|}} {{C|ja|性}} p8qjfknkuukyfzdwpfzwmiz5zhpn7n7 0 3557540 9959661 2026-11-03T06:53:38Z YeBoy371 43905 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|あし}} {{ja-see|脚コキ}}」的新頁面 9959661 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|あし}} {{ja-see|脚コキ}} qgouizvjh0tx18auzbswvkxqn6x6b91 0 3557541 9959662 2026-11-03T06:53:39Z YeBoy371 43905 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|あし|こ}} {{ja-see|脚コキ}}」的新頁面 9959662 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|あし|こ}} {{ja-see|脚コキ}} cmhag12sm3jlx3pdrcnaojj843njevb 0 3557542 9959664 2026-11-03T08:41:41Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-existentialismes.wav|a=孚日}} * {{rhymes|fr|ism}} * {{homophones|fr|existentialisme}} * {{hyphenation|fr|ex|is|ten|tia|lismes}} ===名詞=== {{head|fr|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{plural of|fr|existentialisme}}」的新頁面 9959664 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{audio|fr|LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-existentialismes.wav|a=孚日}} * {{rhymes|fr|ism}} * {{homophones|fr|existentialisme}} * {{hyphenation|fr|ex|is|ten|tia|lismes}} ===名詞=== {{head|fr|名詞變格形|g=m}} # {{plural of|fr|existentialisme}} s6s8rr7chhijw1c6yzmzotplkq5mfer 0 3557543 9959666 2026-11-03T08:42:39Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==丹麥語== {{wp|da:}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|da|fr|existentialisme}}。 ===名詞=== {{da-noun|n|-}} # {{lb|da|哲學}} [[存在主義]] ====屈折==== {{da-noun-infl|n|n=sg}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|da|eksistentialist}} * {{l|da|eksistentialistisk}} * {{l|da|eksistentiel}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:DDO}}」的新頁面 9959666 wikitext text/x-wiki ==丹麥語== {{wp|da:}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|da|fr|existentialisme}}。 ===名詞=== {{da-noun|n|-}} # {{lb|da|哲學}} [[存在主義]] ====屈折==== {{da-noun-infl|n|n=sg}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|da|eksistentialist}} * {{l|da|eksistentialistisk}} * {{l|da|eksistentiel}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:DDO}} dadpnhiu9fsm1hrbsoaj7vikkgub0b9 0 3557544 9959668 2026-11-03T08:43:14Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==丹麥語== ===名詞=== {{head|da|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|da|eksistentialisme||def|s}}」的新頁面 9959668 wikitext text/x-wiki ==丹麥語== ===名詞=== {{head|da|名詞變格形}} # {{infl of|da|eksistentialisme||def|s}} 87c4d6s750qzkil4n6l1vb4bn92bv0v 0 3557545 9959669 2026-11-03T08:43:16Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==丹麥語== ===名詞=== {{head|da|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|da|eksistentialisme||def|gen|s}}」的新頁面 9959669 wikitext text/x-wiki ==丹麥語== ===名詞=== {{head|da|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|da|eksistentialisme||def|gen|s}} 7fijdj3e8nfg78pi4xi0m3j6lrungwq 0 3557546 9959670 2026-11-03T08:43:20Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==丹麥語== ===名詞=== {{head|da|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|da|eksistentialisme||indef|gen|s}}」的新頁面 9959670 wikitext text/x-wiki ==丹麥語== ===名詞=== {{head|da|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|da|eksistentialisme||indef|gen|s}} adcpl3c3tpqr1m5w404vlyxamjb5i9d 14 3557547 9959673 2026-11-03T08:48:33Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557548 9959676 2026-11-03T08:52:26Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557549 9959677 2026-11-03T08:52:32Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557550 9959678 2026-11-03T08:52:38Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557551 9959679 2026-11-03T08:52:44Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557552 9959680 2026-11-03T08:52:49Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3557553 9959687 2026-11-03T09:01:25Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|じつ|ぞん|しゅ|ぎ|yomi=on}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|ja|fr|existentialisme}}，由{{ja-com|実%存|じつ%ぞん|主%義|-しゅ%ぎ}} 組成。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|じつぞんしゅぎ|acc=5|acc_ref=SMK7,DJR,NHK,NKD2}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|じつぞんしゅぎ}} # {{lb|ja|哲學}} [[存在主義]] ====相關詞彙==== * {{ja-r|実%存%主%義%者|じつ%ぞん%しゅ%ぎ%しゃ}} ===參考資料=== {{r…」的新頁面 9959687 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|じつ|ぞん|しゅ|ぎ|yomi=on}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|ja|fr|existentialisme}}，由{{ja-com|実%存|じつ%ぞん|主%義|-しゅ%ぎ}} 組成。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|じつぞんしゅぎ|acc=5|acc_ref=SMK7,DJR,NHK,NKD2}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|じつぞんしゅぎ}} # {{lb|ja|哲學}} [[存在主義]] ====相關詞彙==== * {{ja-r|実%存%主%義%者|じつ%ぞん%しゅ%ぎ%しゃ}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} 1cchr506odunr7rygbjzzz2tlamsu7g 9959688 9959687 2026-11-03T09:02:15Z TongcyDai 53191 9959688 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|じつ|ぞん|しゅ|ぎ|yomi=on}} ===詞源=== {{bor+|ja|fr|existentialisme}}<ref name="DJR" /><ref name="NKD2" />，由{{ja-com|実%存|じつ%ぞん|主%義|-しゅ%ぎ}} 組成。 ===發音=== {{ja-pron|じつぞんしゅぎ|acc=5|acc_ref=SMK7,DJR,NHK,NKD2}} ===名詞=== {{ja-noun|じつぞんしゅぎ}} # {{lb|ja|哲學}} [[存在主義]] ====相關詞彙==== * {{ja-r|実%存%主%義%者|じつ%ぞん%しゅ%ぎ%しゃ}} ===參考資料=== {{reflist}} 7jxke8pnohwhs9neb361aqxu2h44877 0 3557554 9959689 2026-11-03T09:05:13Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|じつ|ぞん|しゅ|ぎ}} {{ja-see|実存主義}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=실존주의}} # {{hanja form of|실존주의|[[存在主義]]}}」的新頁面 9959689 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|じつ|ぞん|しゅ|ぎ}} {{ja-see|実存主義}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=실존주의}} # {{hanja form of|실존주의|[[存在主義]]}} h0l4w0oact8c6jy8xizambuczcvcw56 9959690 9959689 2026-11-03T09:05:34Z TongcyDai 53191 9959690 wikitext text/x-wiki ==日語== {{ja-kanjitab|じつ|ぞん|しゅ|ぎ|yomi=on}} {{ja-see|実存主義}} ==朝鮮語== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===名詞=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=실존주의}} # {{hanja form of|실존주의|[[存在主義]]}} nfe6t7ivnk7spc9tot952cojbk8y89o 0 3557555 9959697 2026-11-03T09:17:49Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdɐs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Polyeders.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Polyeder||gen|s}}」的新頁面 9959697 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdɐs/}} * {{audio|de|De-Polyeders.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Polyeder||gen|s}} dv3tcwwigo1wvh5u9mawz3ahxuxsddh 0 3557556 9959698 2026-11-03T09:17:53Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdɐn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Polyedern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Polyeder||dat|p}}」的新頁面 9959698 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdɐn/}} * {{audio|de|De-Polyedern.ogg|a=柏林}} ===名詞=== {{head|de|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|de|Polyeder||dat|p}} 9zwpwxueni6byp5j1wvyhtj8ek0t98y 0 3557557 9959700 2026-11-03T09:20:37Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|Polyeder|-isch}} {{suffix|de|Polyeder|-isch}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdʁɪʃ/}} ===形容詞=== {{de-adj}} # [[多面體]]的 #: {{syn|de|vielflächig}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}}」的新頁面 9959700 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:af|Polyeder|-isch}} {{suffix|de|Polyeder|-isch}} ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdʁɪʃ/}} ===形容詞=== {{de-adj}} # [[多面體]]的 #: {{syn|de|vielflächig}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}} 7fffrn57lopfbjxvb0r28ouitqx7x6p 0 3557558 9959701 2026-11-03T09:21:11Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdʁɪʃə/}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polyedrisch}}」的新頁面 9959701 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdʁɪʃə/}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polyedrisch}} rmgw1b7il7p4p0j29sny3ynxkhe2ely 0 3557559 9959702 2026-11-03T09:21:21Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdʁɪʃəs/}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polyedrisch}}」的新頁面 9959702 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdʁɪʃəs/}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polyedrisch}} jlltm27s4wruvca0cib0aznfcs99vei 0 3557560 9959703 2026-11-03T09:21:47Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdʁɪʃɐ/}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polyedrisch}}」的新頁面 9959703 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdʁɪʃɐ/}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polyedrisch}} sbqot44sc6yombpwun8u87ob7tydduj 0 3557561 9959704 2026-11-03T09:22:13Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdʁɪʃn̩/}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polyedrisch}}」的新頁面 9959704 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdʁɪʃn̩/}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polyedrisch}} byu60pfml8fsnfhlwrz1lnav6m433gf 0 3557562 9959705 2026-11-03T09:22:28Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃm̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959705 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃm̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} 2jb1zg7gnhr8k2gezygbfvwnsq01svw 0 3557563 9959706 2026-11-03T09:22:40Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdʁɪʃm̩/}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polyedrisch}}」的新頁面 9959706 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/poliˈʔeːdʁɪʃm̩/}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|polyedrisch}} 8hcj20i7nn8khlusqs83ldid5xwu2hj 0 3557564 9959708 2026-11-03T09:25:38Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|[ˈfʁɪʃn̩]}} * {{audio|de|De-frischen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|fri|schen}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} ===動詞=== {{de-verb}} # {{lb|de|冶金學}} 將[[生鐵]][[提煉]]成[[鋼]] # {{lb|de|狩獵}} {{gl|野豬}}[[產仔]] ====變位==== {{de-conj}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{R:de:DWDS}}」的新頁面 9959708 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|[ˈfʁɪʃn̩]}} * {{audio|de|De-frischen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|fri|schen}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} ===動詞=== {{de-verb}} # {{lb|de|冶金學}} 將[[生鐵]][[提煉]]成[[鋼]] # {{lb|de|狩獵}} {{gl|野豬}}[[產仔]] ====變位==== {{de-conj}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{R:de:DWDS}} 4gea2piblj6jx0b59sno2a79sgi7chx 9959749 9959708 2026-11-03T09:31:23Z TongcyDai 53191 9959749 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|[ˈfʁɪʃn̩]}} * {{audio|de|De-frischen.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{hyphenation|de|fri|schen}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} ===動詞=== {{de-verb}} # {{lb|de|冶金學}} 將[[生鐵]][[提煉]]成[[鋼]] # {{lb|de|狩獵}} {{gl|野豬}}[[產仔]] #: {{syn|de|werfen|gebären}} ====變位==== {{de-conj}} ====下位詞==== {{col|de|herdfrischen|vorfrischen|windfrischen}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:Duden}} * {{R:de:DWDS}} lnic9ydefv2q5w3frn0hony4xrdv5kc 0 3557565 9959709 2026-11-03T09:26:17Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級}} # {{comparative of|de|frisch}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959709 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級}} # {{comparative of|de|frisch}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} 39jo9llirrcfejc3n4imn66ykqt41u7 0 3557566 9959710 2026-11-03T09:26:37Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Frische}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frische.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub:I|;|s|imp}} ==塔倫蒂諾語== ===形容詞=== {{head|roa-tar|形容詞}} # [[涼]]的，微[[冷]]的」的新頁面 9959710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Frische}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frische.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||1|s|pres|;|1//3|s|sub:I|;|s|imp}} ==塔倫蒂諾語== ===形容詞=== {{head|roa-tar|形容詞}} # [[涼]]的，微[[冷]]的 24kxmh281m9yfkibp2jxb0j8o3cthy0 0 3557567 9959711 2026-11-03T09:26:44Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Frisches}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frisches.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Frisches}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frisches.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} s7hmke7iojqfe80ukneajnilq2zogs4 0 3557568 9959712 2026-11-03T09:26:55Z TongcyDai 53191 創建德語「[[frischen]]」的非詞元形式（[[WT:ACCEL|ACCEL]]） 9959712 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fʁɪʃst/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischst.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||2|s|pres}} 0fmjiqmof5ldpd90lx4nime0bmotgrr 0 3557569 9959713 2026-11-03T09:26:57Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fʁɪʃt/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischt.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||2//3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}}」的新頁面 9959713 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/fʁɪʃt/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischt.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||2//3|s|pres|;|2|p|pres|;|p|imp}} p43b07ia5xxpsovq2ohj735jpq1vu0t 0 3557570 9959714 2026-11-03T09:27:00Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||2|s|sub:I}}」的新頁面 9959714 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||2|s|sub:I}} bgf49bey51xo6htfj4w2cewmrmhj11u 0 3557571 9959715 2026-11-03T09:27:04Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃət/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||2|p|sub:I}}」的新頁面 9959715 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃət/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||2|p|sub:I}} lfv5lwkch4exrx5xevxxtevyvmmwu75 0 3557572 9959716 2026-11-03T09:27:22Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub:II}}」的新頁面 9959716 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||1//3|s|pret|;|1//3|s|sub:II}} 6h4366ttemg7o01cbevuuk53kw01bpz 0 3557573 9959717 2026-11-03T09:27:24Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃtəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischtest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub:II}}」的新頁面 9959717 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃtəst/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischtest.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||2|s|pret|;|2|s|sub:II}} kr7pyuepo4h7jvge5zuga99uiy3xnoc 0 3557574 9959718 2026-11-03T09:27:26Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub:II}}」的新頁面 9959718 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||1//3|p|pret|;|1//3|p|sub:II}} tucbdqh3i3ia0shsdiy4k77x7tblyi2 0 3557575 9959719 2026-11-03T09:27:27Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃtət/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischtet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub:II}}」的新頁面 9959719 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃtət/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischtet.ogg|a=柏林}} ===動詞=== {{head|de|動詞變位形式}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||2|p|pret|;|2|p|sub:II}} k2cs8vyvvcboab84zcay1iya1s58jrd 0 3557576 9959720 2026-11-03T09:27:33Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃn̩t/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischend.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|present participle}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||pres|part}}」的新頁面 9959720 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃn̩t/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischend.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|present participle}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||pres|part}} 7m9n73ssdtnyptqqoigfqmoxgs8r8e7 9959722 9959720 2026-11-03T09:28:01Z TongcyDai 53191 9959722 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃn̩t/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischend.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|現在分詞}} # {{present participle of|de|frischen}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}} rz2v75vx5eczfkfzno8ptx38es03bbw 0 3557577 9959721 2026-11-03T09:27:37Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfʁɪʃt/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefrischt.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|past participle}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||past|part}}」的新頁面 9959721 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfʁɪʃt/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefrischt.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|past participle}} # {{infl of|de|frischen||past|part}} m4pf6mr9iph91o83xlh9zp280nzd0v0 9959723 9959721 2026-11-03T09:28:10Z TongcyDai 53191 9959723 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfʁɪʃt/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefrischt.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|過去分詞}} # {{past participle of|de|frischen}} ====變格==== {{de-adecl}} pegpqelvedb9a6xj2mtaat9hbgsandp 0 3557578 9959724 2026-11-03T09:28:21Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃn̩dɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischender.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frischend}}」的新頁面 9959724 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃn̩dɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischender.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frischend}} jaw1z8snwyetsqjtme14eif6p5u3v7f 0 3557579 9959725 2026-11-03T09:28:24Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃn̩dən/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischenden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frischend}}」的新頁面 9959725 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃn̩dən/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischenden.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frischend}} rov1av3zpra4d1n9yn7duky83zezwc2 0 3557580 9959726 2026-11-03T09:28:25Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃn̩dəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischendem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frischend}}」的新頁面 9959726 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃn̩dəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischendem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frischend}} fpdy9k23ivjw3r8vz2xzezgw13nfoes 0 3557581 9959727 2026-11-03T09:28:26Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃn̩də/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischende.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frischend}}」的新頁面 9959727 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃn̩də/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischende.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frischend}} mvsf2x3ioefe8opmr5fqowafkg6nfkz 0 3557582 9959728 2026-11-03T09:28:28Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃn̩dəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischendes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frischend}}」的新頁面 9959728 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃn̩dəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischendes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frischend}} mx02x5qry39lrov08xd6spa1emqfmcr 0 3557583 9959729 2026-11-03T09:28:39Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfʁɪʃtɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefrischter.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefrischt}}」的新頁面 9959729 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfʁɪʃtɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefrischter.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefrischt}} cmk7mqdwbu8jih1eedorpfsvo8bjyso 0 3557584 9959730 2026-11-03T09:28:43Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfʁɪʃtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefrischten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefrischt}}」的新頁面 9959730 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfʁɪʃtn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefrischten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefrischt}} jklcxk3o70xohxav3vlhb7bo24s3q2j 0 3557585 9959731 2026-11-03T09:28:45Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfʁɪʃtəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefrischtem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefrischt}}」的新頁面 9959731 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfʁɪʃtəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefrischtem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefrischt}} os50v6wtuq9ujng6dg69u5w6s8mmx49 0 3557586 9959732 2026-11-03T09:28:46Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfʁɪʃtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefrischte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefrischt}}」的新頁面 9959732 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfʁɪʃtə/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefrischte.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefrischt}} hlco0db3eze1p21mh3hl6vbj0j1fqvg 0 3557587 9959733 2026-11-03T09:28:48Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfʁɪʃtəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefrischtes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefrischt}}」的新頁面 9959733 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɡəˈfʁɪʃtəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-gefrischtes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===分詞=== {{head|de|分詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|gefrischt}} doxz0q0mcdcdjbe4xji4j0vnsggf1hs 0 3557588 9959734 2026-11-03T09:29:45Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəʁɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischerer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959734 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəʁɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischerer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} 5njonvymm45fwvfn0vr69m7wv46ke6q 0 3557589 9959735 2026-11-03T09:29:45Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischeren.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959735 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischeren.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} 9fdpaa4ffc4qjq92jhwg3e562t80x9m 0 3557590 9959736 2026-11-03T09:29:46Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəʁəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischerem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959736 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəʁəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischerem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} gddniixbem8cf94bwq5z8342uev1cr1 0 3557591 9959737 2026-11-03T09:29:47Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959737 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} ifonqf0pgzu4pqttx9ps8d8j50bevae 0 3557592 9959738 2026-11-03T09:29:47Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəʁəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischeres.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959738 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəʁəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischeres.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} 5x8agdcvbixxkcds2x9ha4g7hwtifgu 0 3557593 9959739 2026-11-03T09:29:48Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəstn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-am frischesten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|frisch}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959739 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəstn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-am frischesten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|frisch}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} fm1d6lg2mqbra885vufcsgjk2nd0fgu 0 3557594 9959740 2026-11-03T09:29:48Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃstn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischsten.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-am frischsten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|frisch}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959740 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃstn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischsten.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{audio|de|De-am frischsten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|frisch}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} rek8z44okiby8462h0byuc37rqtnckw 0 3557595 9959741 2026-11-03T09:29:49Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischester.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch|ster}}」的新頁面 9959741 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischester.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch|ster}} 7grs3pmg1rjn10k53cs657ag58js6iy 0 3557596 9959742 2026-11-03T09:29:49Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischster.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959742 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischster.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} 3mn4g2gfemtixc60tppkvjbsckjr7f1 0 3557597 9959743 2026-11-03T09:29:51Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischestem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch|stem}}」的新頁面 9959743 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischestem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch|stem}} 6knukjvopcwiziitey7y7jzo407m0nc 0 3557598 9959744 2026-11-03T09:29:52Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischstem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959744 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischstem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} 77p8gwq1ymfbvizrrwn8fuqtglhyorg 0 3557599 9959745 2026-11-03T09:29:54Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischeste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch|ste}}」的新頁面 9959745 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischeste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch|ste}} lnmv3g6rcfus3ild0qisa0464o82yzq 0 3557600 9959746 2026-11-03T09:29:55Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəstəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischestes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch|stes}}」的新頁面 9959746 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃəstəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischestes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch|stes}} 4pe6r6hxa0q9m105ue9wfhdurg0t4x9 0 3557601 9959747 2026-11-03T09:29:56Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959747 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} p5nu9kq5onyjh056ovfh6uuvd2lalxw 0 3557602 9959748 2026-11-03T09:29:56Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃstəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischstes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}}」的新頁面 9959748 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ˈfʁɪʃstəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-frischstes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|frisch}} g933gl0xi8z308k17dddq95d5i1eb29 0 3557603 9959753 2026-11-03T10:07:18Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}}」的新頁面 9959753 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}} 9oqv5xddv0cp80yapj4dx8v0do26nre 0 3557604 9959754 2026-11-03T10:07:20Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}}」的新頁面 9959754 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}} 9oqv5xddv0cp80yapj4dx8v0do26nre 0 3557605 9959755 2026-11-03T10:07:23Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|mp=[é]}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}}」的新頁面 9959755 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|mp=[é]}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}} dsmxfevt6sba4wemtscfbqfujixee0r 0 3557606 9959756 2026-11-03T10:07:42Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|mp=[é]}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}}」的新頁面 9959756 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|mp=[é]}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}} dsmxfevt6sba4wemtscfbqfujixee0r 0 3557607 9959757 2026-11-03T10:07:45Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}}」的新頁面 9959757 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|kobieta|g=f}} 9oqv5xddv0cp80yapj4dx8v0do26nre 14 3557608 9959758 2026-11-03T10:08:19Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557609 9959759 2026-11-03T10:08:25Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557610 9959760 2026-11-03T10:08:32Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557611 9959761 2026-11-03T10:08:54Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557612 9959762 2026-11-03T10:09:01Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557613 9959763 2026-11-03T10:09:06Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3557614 9959768 2026-11-03T10:10:04Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|kobieta|kobietą|kobiéta|kòbiéta|kòbiétą|kòbiétã|kóbieta}} ==卡舒比語== {{img |image1=Woman Montage (1).jpg|caption1={{lang|csb|kòbiétë}} }} ===詞源=== {{etymon|csb|id=女人|:bor|zlw-mpl:kobieta<alt:kobiéta>|tree=1|text=+}} 對照{{cog|zlw-slv|kôbjéta}}。 ===發音=== {{csb-pr}} ===名詞=== {{csb-noun|f|dim=kòbiétka|aug=kòbiécëskò|adj=kòbiecy,kòbiécczi}} # [[女人]] # [[妻子]] ====變格==== {{…」的新頁面 9959768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|kobieta|kobietą|kobiéta|kòbiéta|kòbiétą|kòbiétã|kóbieta}} ==卡舒比語== {{img |image1=Woman Montage (1).jpg|caption1={{lang|csb|kòbiétë}} }} ===詞源=== {{etymon|csb|id=女人|:bor|zlw-mpl:kobieta<alt:kobiéta>|tree=1|text=+}} 對照{{cog|zlw-slv|kôbjéta}}。 ===發音=== {{csb-pr}} ===名詞=== {{csb-noun|f|dim=kòbiétka|aug=kòbiécëskò|adj=kòbiecy,kòbiécczi}} # [[女人]] # [[妻子]] ====變格==== {{csb-decl-noun|kòbiéta|kòbiétë|kòbiéce|kòbiétã|kòbiétą|kòbiéce|kòbiéto|kòbiétë|[[kòbiét]]/[[kòbiétów]]|kòbiétóm|kòbiétë|kòbiétama|kòbiétach|kòbiétë}} ====相關詞彙==== {{col|csb|title=名詞|kobiecość}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:csb:SPK|kobita|vol=1|page=664}} * {{R:csb:ISKJ|+|1219}} {{C|csb|女人}} ds4en8mivb2jgkt9m4zxjhrebznt8ae 0 3557615 9959769 2026-11-03T10:10:17Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|kobieta|kobietą|kobiéta|kòbiéta|kòbiétą|kòbiétã|kóbieta}} ==卡舒比語== ===發音=== {{csb-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|csb|名詞變格形|g=f}} # {{infl of|csb|kòbiéta||ins|s}}」的新頁面 9959769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|kobieta|kobietą|kobiéta|kòbiéta|kòbiétą|kòbiétã|kóbieta}} ==卡舒比語== ===發音=== {{csb-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|csb|名詞變格形|g=f}} # {{infl of|csb|kòbiéta||ins|s}} sw9mdjom0xniimlnfc4fwcpzn5i72yp 0 3557616 9959770 2026-11-03T10:10:18Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|kobieta|kobietą|kobiéta|kòbiéta|kòbiétą|kòbiétã|kóbieta}} ==卡舒比語== ===發音=== {{csb-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|csb|名詞變格形|g=f}} # {{infl of|csb|kòbiéta||acc|s}}」的新頁面 9959770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|kobieta|kobietą|kobiéta|kòbiéta|kòbiétą|kòbiétã|kóbieta}} ==卡舒比語== ===發音=== {{csb-pr}} ===名詞=== {{head|csb|名詞變格形|g=f}} # {{infl of|csb|kòbiéta||acc|s}} lf86m65q9od164iw34h9ocbi4h5x9ri 14 3557617 9959771 2026-11-03T10:10:22Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557618 9959772 2026-11-03T10:10:28Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557619 9959773 2026-11-03T10:10:34Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3557620 9959774 2026-11-03T10:10:35Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|kobieta|kobietą|kobiéta|kòbiéta|kòbiétą|kòbiétã|kóbieta}} ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|-|prz=#}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f}} # {{lb|pl|Przemyśl|Czelatyce}} {{alt form|pl|kobieta|t=[[已婚]][[女性]]}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:SGM|kobieta|140|1}}」的新頁面 9959774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|kobieta|kobietą|kobiéta|kòbiéta|kòbiétą|kòbiétã|kóbieta}} ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|-|prz=#}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f}} # {{lb|pl|Przemyśl|Czelatyce}} {{alt form|pl|kobieta|t=[[已婚]][[女性]]}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:SGM|kobieta|140|1}} ooyzd2s40rarrty0bwe80srfy4aifi3 14 3557621 9959775 2026-11-03T10:10:39Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557622 9959776 2026-11-03T10:10:46Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557623 9959777 2026-11-03T10:10:52Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 10 3557624 9959778 2026-11-03T10:10:55Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{#invoke:quote|call_template |template=cite-book |pl|title=Słownik gwar małopolskich|editor=Jadwiga Wronicz|location={{w|克拉科夫}} |entry={{lang|pl|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1|}}}|{{pagename}}}}}} |pageparam=2 |volume={{{3|1-2}}} |year={{#switch:{{{3}}}|1=2016|2=2017|#default=2016-2017}} |isbn={{#switch:{{{3}}}|1=978-83-64007-33-0|2=978-83-64007-34-7}} |entryurl={{#switch:{{{3}}}|1=https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/283037/edition/246292/…」的新頁面 9959778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:quote|call_template |template=cite-book |pl|title=Słownik gwar małopolskich|editor=Jadwiga Wronicz|location={{w|克拉科夫}} |entry={{lang|pl|{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1|}}}|{{pagename}}}}}} |pageparam=2 |volume={{{3|1-2}}} |year={{#switch:{{{3}}}|1=2016|2=2017|#default=2016-2017}} |isbn={{#switch:{{{3}}}|1=978-83-64007-33-0|2=978-83-64007-34-7}} |entryurl={{#switch:{{{3}}}|1=https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/283037/edition/246292/content|2=https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/283038/edition/246293/content|#default=https://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/publication/283036#structure}} |allowparams=1,3 }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}{{refcat|pl}}</noinclude> 9xdyz0v13hhqor49t6by8lkzpksacne 0 3557625 9959779 2026-11-03T10:12:19Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|kobieta|kobietą|kobiéta|kòbiéta|kòbiétą|kòbiétã|kóbieta}} ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|-|MD=#|prz=#|kie=#}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f}} # {{lb|pl|Kociewie}} {{alt form|pl|kobieta|t=[[女人]]}} # {{lb|pl|Far Masovian|Przemyśl}} {{alt form|pl|kobieta|t=[[妻子]]}} #: {{uxi|pl|Maćka i moja '''kobiéta''' posły z kampanijo na ôdpust.|Maćka 和我的'''妻子'''一起參加了教區節慶的競選活動。|qq=遠…」的新頁面 9959779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|kobieta|kobietą|kobiéta|kòbiéta|kòbiétą|kòbiétã|kóbieta}} ==波蘭語== ===發音=== {{pl-pr|-|MD=#|prz=#|kie=#}} ===名詞=== {{pl-noun|f}} # {{lb|pl|Kociewie}} {{alt form|pl|kobieta|t=[[女人]]}} # {{lb|pl|Far Masovian|Przemyśl}} {{alt form|pl|kobieta|t=[[妻子]]}} #: {{uxi|pl|Maćka i moja '''kobiéta''' posły z kampanijo na ôdpust.|Maćka 和我的'''妻子'''一起參加了教區節慶的競選活動。|qq=遠馬佐夫舍}} #: {{uxa|pl|'''kobiéta''' jego z dziewką|他的'''妻子'''和他的女兒|qq=普熱梅希爾}} #: {{uxa|pl|'''kobiéta''' Grzesiowa|Grześ 的'''妻子'''|qq=普熱梅希爾}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:pl:SGP1900|kobieta|387|2}} * {{R:pl:Sychta:1980|kob́ėta}} s5h8229mvjpu29j6h8lop2gsnbt8fxo 0 3557626 9959780 2026-11-03T10:12:47Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==加泰羅尼亞語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|ca|fr|existentialisme}}。等價於 {{af|ca|existencial|-isme}}。 ===發音=== * {{ca-IPA}} * {{rhymes|ca|izme|s=7}} ===名詞=== {{ca-noun|m}} # [[存在主義]] ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|ca|existencialista}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:ca:IEC2}} * {{R:ca:GDLC}} * {{R:ca:DNV}} {{C|ca|哲學}} ==奧克語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|oc|existencial|-isme}}。 ===名詞=== {{oc-noun|m}} # …」的新頁面 9959780 wikitext text/x-wiki ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|ca|fr|existentialisme}}。等價於 {{af|ca|existencial|-isme}}。 ===發音=== * {{ca-IPA}} * {{rhymes|ca|izme|s=7}} ===名詞=== {{ca-noun|m}} # [[存在主義]] ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|ca|existencialista}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:ca:IEC2}} * {{R:ca:GDLC}} * {{R:ca:DNV}} {{C|ca|哲學}} ==奧克語== ===詞源=== 源自 {{af|oc|existencial|-isme}}。 ===名詞=== {{oc-noun|m}} # [[存在主義]] ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:oc-lan:DGLO|310}} 76r6zrozw2ibl5kwugpwacagfzirbwt 0 3557627 9959781 2026-11-03T10:13:21Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==世界語== ===發音=== {{eo-pr}} ===名詞=== {{eo-head}} # {{lb|eo|哲學}} [[存在主義]]」的新頁面 9959781 wikitext text/x-wiki ==世界語== ===發音=== {{eo-pr}} ===名詞=== {{eo-head}} # {{lb|eo|哲學}} [[存在主義]] s2nw6d2birijxs16em4ldjkwy5bfci0 9959782 9959781 2026-11-03T10:13:35Z TongcyDai 53191 9959782 wikitext text/x-wiki ==世界語== ===發音=== {{eo-pr}} ===名詞=== {{eo-head|-}} # {{lb|eo|哲學}} [[存在主義]] hjzellqpq96piowss1eqqan3rqgm02w 0 3557628 9959783 2026-11-03T10:13:37Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==世界語== ===名詞=== {{eo-head}} # {{eo-form of|ekzistadism|on}}」的新頁面 9959783 wikitext text/x-wiki ==世界語== ===名詞=== {{eo-head}} # {{eo-form of|ekzistadism|on}} tbfug6kbs98qre0z6tuijre1qx0tren 0 3557629 9959784 2026-11-03T10:13:45Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==加泰羅尼亞語== ===名詞=== {{head|ca|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|ca|existencialisme}}」的新頁面 9959784 wikitext text/x-wiki ==加泰羅尼亞語== ===名詞=== {{head|ca|名詞變格形}} # {{plural of|ca|existencialisme}} 2q6r82jvaim36dks0o47j7qo57qjbdk 0 3557630 9959785 2026-11-03T10:14:13Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|nl=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|egzystencjalizm|g=m-in}}」的新頁面 9959785 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|nl=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|egzystencjalizm|g=m-in}} fwehxdixcqj29r4bawe0zgtowsi8aet 0 3557631 9959786 2026-11-03T10:14:16Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|nl=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|egzystencjalizm|g=m-in}}」的新頁面 9959786 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|nl=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|egzystencjalizm|g=m-in}} fwehxdixcqj29r4bawe0zgtowsi8aet 0 3557632 9959787 2026-11-03T10:14:18Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|nl=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|egzystencjalizm|g=m-in}}」的新頁面 9959787 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|nl=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|egzystencjalizm|g=m-in}} fwehxdixcqj29r4bawe0zgtowsi8aet 0 3557633 9959788 2026-11-03T10:14:20Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|nl=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|egzystencjalizm|g=m-in}}」的新頁面 9959788 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|nl=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|egzystencjalizm|g=m-in}} fwehxdixcqj29r4bawe0zgtowsi8aet 0 3557634 9959789 2026-11-03T10:14:21Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|nl=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|egzystencjalizm|g=m-in}}」的新頁面 9959789 wikitext text/x-wiki ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|nl=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===名詞=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|egzystencjalizm|g=m-in}} fwehxdixcqj29r4bawe0zgtowsi8aet 14 3557635 9959790 2026-11-03T10:38:05Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557636 9959791 2026-11-03T10:38:10Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557637 9959792 2026-11-03T10:38:18Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557638 9959793 2026-11-03T10:38:23Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557639 9959794 2026-11-03T10:39:10Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557640 9959795 2026-11-03T10:39:16Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557641 9959796 2026-11-03T10:39:23Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3557642 9959799 2026-11-03T10:43:18Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{homophones|fr|existentiel|existentielle|existentielles}} * {{hyphenation|fr|ex|is|ten|tiels}} ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|existentiel}}」的新頁面 9959799 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{homophones|fr|existentiel|existentielle|existentielles}} * {{hyphenation|fr|ex|is|ten|tiels}} ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} # {{masculine plural of|fr|existentiel}} 27agl1tmyv61txciefukg6p9cv1bqsy 0 3557643 9959800 2026-11-03T10:43:20Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{homophones|fr|existentiel|existentielle|existentiels}} * {{hyphenation|fr|ex|is|ten|tielles}} ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|existentiel}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləs/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentielles.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959800 wikitext text/x-wiki ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} * {{homophones|fr|existentiel|existentielle|existentiels}} * {{hyphenation|fr|ex|is|ten|tielles}} ===形容詞=== {{head|fr|形容詞變格形}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|existentiel}} ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləs/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentielles.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} 62h2g81lp4bivcntp1fcvjcl1wap57x 0 3557644 9959802 2026-11-03T10:44:24Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|la|existentiālis}} ===詞源=== {{ety|la|title=exsistentiālis|:af|exsistentia|-ālis<id:形容詞化後綴>|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|exsistentiālis}} ===形容詞=== {{la-adj|exsistentiālis}} {{tlb|la|晚期拉丁語}} # [[存在]]的，[[生存]]的 ====變格==== {{la-adecl|exsistentiālis}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|en|existential|lbor=1}} * {{desc|fr|existentiel|lbor=1…」的新頁面 9959802 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|la|existentiālis}} ===詞源=== {{ety|la|title=exsistentiālis|:af|exsistentia|-ālis<id:形容詞化後綴>|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|exsistentiālis}} ===形容詞=== {{la-adj|exsistentiālis}} {{tlb|la|晚期拉丁語}} # [[存在]]的，[[生存]]的 ====變格==== {{la-adecl|exsistentiālis}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|en|existential|lbor=1}} * {{desc|fr|existentiel|lbor=1}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:la:Gaffiot|exsistentĭālis|page=637|column=1}} dwzawtcjof1e0dkcaijts5xvt6qsta8 0 3557645 9959806 2026-11-03T10:46:15Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentieller.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級}} # {{comparative of|de|existentiell}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959806 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentieller.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級}} # {{comparative of|de|existentiell}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} nwoczglfycc1rlwn8a5g4eraerivchg 0 3557646 9959807 2026-11-03T10:46:15Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlən/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959807 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlən/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} hkj2i72ib3xq9izm4xn9dvoi898ou0p 0 3557647 9959808 2026-11-03T10:46:16Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləm/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959808 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləm/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} amv4y3tp6sxg3ha2hbyqellgfb6jf4j 0 3557648 9959809 2026-11-03T10:46:17Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellerer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959809 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellerer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} bl2vvf24d6s478ahsaz66kzv8agfac3 0 3557649 9959810 2026-11-03T10:46:19Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959810 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} rzr1bod2s4j40o5gnoee45iletmjey9 9959817 9959810 2026-11-03T10:46:32Z TongcyDai 53191 9959817 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellerem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} n662vnqghwqrq9i0ptetsujxwf4uw3r 0 3557650 9959811 2026-11-03T10:46:19Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentielleren.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959811 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentielleren.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} kt46oimqu5p70jhplz0g4wllxcslusf 0 3557651 9959812 2026-11-03T10:46:20Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959812 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} 9tk557x78iqvglpde4jtlkwaljbwdke 0 3557652 9959813 2026-11-03T10:46:20Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentielleres.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959813 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentielleres.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} 3nefijwc4svs4o9jvlrm8gfoffebkbi 0 3557653 9959814 2026-11-03T10:46:20Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellster.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959814 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellster.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} fch5b9imi2c1vw7etv1m206ya427u6w 0 3557654 9959815 2026-11-03T10:46:21Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellsten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|existentiell}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959815 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellsten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|existentiell}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} s4blge92ct49yfdti6mnh2hmi0u7z3c 0 3557655 9959816 2026-11-03T10:46:21Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959816 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} 2dluvu544zdg4wou46ixfswgixwws2m 0 3557656 9959818 2026-11-03T10:46:36Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellstem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959818 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellstem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} 6qaemiwrmf5fdwyg5wjq3qakcpy9r4x 0 3557657 9959819 2026-11-03T10:46:43Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellstes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}}」的新頁面 9959819 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-existentiellstes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existentiell}} ihvv1b0e4ipqc8w4ed3rv5x72caa1m8 0 3557658 9959821 2026-11-03T10:47:24Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenzieller.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級}} # {{comparative of|de|existenziell}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959821 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenzieller.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級}} # {{comparative of|de|existenziell}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} 0nwnldzx9b50il09qzoh57df2534s33 0 3557659 9959822 2026-11-03T10:47:24Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlən/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959822 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlən/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellen.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} 89nxnmw3wow8vf23qmjis5ttt4rzvit 0 3557660 9959823 2026-11-03T10:47:28Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlə/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenzielle.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959823 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlə/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenzielle.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} jaexgmng4dy6igxil0mf2yvd94owtw0 0 3557661 9959824 2026-11-03T10:47:29Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləm/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959824 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləm/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} 5oc7iybwki4lztoscszx8pknokqgqwt 0 3557662 9959825 2026-11-03T10:47:30Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləs/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenzielles.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959825 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləs/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenzielles.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} 1src56gkttpogvr72yul8rdeek63srz 0 3557663 9959826 2026-11-03T10:47:31Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellerer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959826 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellerer.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} 41fhpw3xxsyn2mnacqalagq4lmd1t9p 0 3557664 9959827 2026-11-03T10:47:31Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenzielleren.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959827 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁən/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenzielleren.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} ii2dy23itdglddlit1hynr92cfiioac 0 3557665 9959828 2026-11-03T10:47:32Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellerem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959828 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellerem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} hzou058n9vlzw2k5nve3y7y95arm3ou 0 3557666 9959829 2026-11-03T10:47:34Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959829 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁə/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellere.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} o2xbtd65itwsjdla5kbgx0j89c1vyc8 0 3557667 9959830 2026-11-03T10:47:34Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenzielleres.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959830 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛləʁəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenzielleres.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞比較級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} k3m8ci5u0tkjedn36ln2wnipdxwyc87 0 3557668 9959831 2026-11-03T10:47:35Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellster.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959831 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstɐ/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellster.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} o155r5e8whhba7l8fryb7rbbihxqxxt 0 3557669 9959832 2026-11-03T10:47:36Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellsten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|existenziell}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959832 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstn̩/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellsten.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級}} # {{superlative of|de|existenziell}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} cgziunb669m5otq7bhwy8naz60ign23 0 3557670 9959833 2026-11-03T10:47:36Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellstem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959833 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstəm/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellstem.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} 5dhd914y1sma6v4rgwfksmakchwstyf 0 3557671 9959834 2026-11-03T10:47:37Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959834 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstə/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellste.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} pc445tqs5syg9fcb31ry76yt3qtppv4 0 3557672 9959835 2026-11-03T10:47:38Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellstes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}}」的新頁面 9959835 wikitext text/x-wiki ==德語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/ɛksɪstɛnˈt͡si̯ɛlstəs/}} * {{audio|de|De-existenziellstes.ogg|a=柏林}} ===形容詞=== {{head|de|形容詞最高級變格形}} # {{de-adj form of|existenziell}} ckiev0ytplk4arec0jk6z99l4i5hgw6 0 3557673 9959836 2026-11-03T10:48:03Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|existentiālis}} ===形容詞=== {{la-adj|existentiālis}} # {{alt form of|la|exsistentiālis}} ====變格==== {{la-adecl|existentiālis}}」的新頁面 9959836 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|existentiālis}} ===形容詞=== {{la-adj|existentiālis}} # {{alt form of|la|exsistentiālis}} ====變格==== {{la-adecl|existentiālis}} 5aqe73vjb4ui8hf8uwjqtcvtmnwowk5 0 3557674 9959838 2026-11-03T10:50:02Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|la|existēntia}} ===詞源=== {{ety|la|title=exsistentia|:af|exsistēns|-ia|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== * {{la-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{la-noun|exsistentia<1>}} # [[存在]] ====變格==== {{la-ndecl|exsistentia<1>}} ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||nom//acc//voc|n|p}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:la:Gaffiot}} * {{R:la:Georges}} * {{R:la:DMLBS}}」的新頁面 9959838 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===其他形式=== * {{alter|la|existēntia}} ===詞源=== {{ety|la|title=exsistentia|:af|exsistēns|-ia|text=+|tree=1}} ===發音=== * {{la-IPA}} ===名詞=== {{la-noun|exsistentia<1>}} # [[存在]] ====變格==== {{la-ndecl|exsistentia<1>}} ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||nom//acc//voc|n|p}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:la:Gaffiot}} * {{R:la:Georges}} * {{R:la:DMLBS}} 87xtl7l7qlnzywmtnfdbsgn2p0drj0r 0 3557675 9959839 2026-11-03T10:50:22Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===名詞=== {{head|la|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistentia||nom//voc|p|;|gen//dat|s}}」的新頁面 9959839 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===名詞=== {{head|la|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistentia||nom//voc|p|;|gen//dat|s}} 287qq6urqa1tspv5iw26rb9d0uin4ge 0 3557676 9959840 2026-11-03T10:50:25Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===名詞=== {{head|la|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistentia||acc|s}}」的新頁面 9959840 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===名詞=== {{head|la|名詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistentia||acc|s}} 9630flalip3l7alk8e7b4mdb369hocp 0 3557677 9959841 2026-11-03T10:50:28Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===名詞=== {{head|la|名詞變格形|head=exsistentiārum}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistentia||gen|p}}」的新頁面 9959841 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===名詞=== {{head|la|名詞變格形|head=exsistentiārum}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistentia||gen|p}} a5lgzcz1tdyg3bqsytl0o0hw23xky28 0 3557678 9959842 2026-11-03T10:50:29Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===名詞=== {{head|la|名詞變格形|head=exsistentiās}} # {{infl of|la|exsistentia||acc|p}}」的新頁面 9959842 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===名詞=== {{head|la|名詞變格形|head=exsistentiās}} # {{infl of|la|exsistentia||acc|p}} 99azrqx7nyj3colvotpzmr47f8vt23u 0 3557679 9959843 2026-11-03T10:50:28Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===名詞=== {{head|la|名詞變格形|head=exsistentiīs}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistentia||dat//abl|p}}」的新頁面 9959843 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===名詞=== {{head|la|名詞變格形|head=exsistentiīs}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistentia||dat//abl|p}} b4vmdoy460x635emhz5yjujf5uutb8a 0 3557680 9959845 2026-11-03T10:53:27Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Appendix:"alis"的變體}} ==拉丁語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|la|-āris|-ēlis|-īlis|-ūlis}} ===詞源=== {{etymon|la|title=-ālis|id=形容詞化後綴|:inh|itc-pro:*-ālis|pos=suffix}} {{inh+|la|itc-pro|*-ālis}}，其後來異化為 {{m|la|-āris}} 的早期形式（例如 {{m|la|militaris|mīlitāris}}）。可能與 {{m|ine-pro|*h₂el-||生長}} 有關（參見源自此詞根的 {{m|la|indolēs}} 的詞義）。 ===發…」的新頁面 9959845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Appendix:"alis"的變體}} ==拉丁語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|la|-āris|-ēlis|-īlis|-ūlis}} ===詞源=== {{etymon|la|title=-ālis|id=形容詞化後綴|:inh|itc-pro:*-ālis|pos=suffix}} {{inh+|la|itc-pro|*-ālis}}，其後來異化為 {{m|la|-āris}} 的早期形式（例如 {{m|la|militaris|mīlitāris}}）。可能與 {{m|ine-pro|*h₂el-||生長}} 有關（參見源自此詞根的 {{m|la|indolēs}} 的詞義）。 ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|-ālis|eccl=yes}} ===後綴=== {{la-suffix-adj|-ālis}} # {{non-gloss|附加於[[名詞]]或[[數詞]]後，構成表示關係的[[形容詞]]}} #: {{suffixusex|la|anima|t1=氣息、呼吸|-ālis|animālis|t3=有生命的、活的}} #: {{suffixusex|la|crūra|t1=雙腿|-ālis|crūrālis|t3=腿部的}} #: {{suffixusex|la|pedēs|t1=雙腳|-ālis|pedālis|t3=足部的}} #: {{suffixusex|la|duo|t1=二|-ālis|duālis|t3=雙的、雙數的}} #: {{suffixusex|la|rēx|t1=國王、統治者|-ālis|rēgālis|t3=王室的、王者的}} #: {{suffixusex|la|nātūra|t1=自然、天性|-ālis|nātūrālis|t3=自然的、天然的}} # {{non-gloss|附加於[[形容詞]]後，構成語義[[加強]]的[[形容詞]]}} #: {{suffixusex|la|aequus|t1=在特定性質上相等的；平坦的、水平的|-ālis|aequālis|t3=在各方面均相等的、價值相同的；均勻的、一致的}} #: {{suffixusex|la|aeternus|t1=持續時間有限但漫長的（彷彿屬於某個[[時代]]）；[[持久]]的|-ālis|aeternālis|t3=具有無限持續時間的；[[永恆]]的、[[無限]]的}} #: {{suffixusex|la|līber|t1=[[自由]]的、[[獨立]]的、不受限制的；[[坦率]]的、不偏不倚的|-ālis|līberālis|t3=倡導與促進個人自由的；[[慷慨]]的、[[大方]]的}} #: {{suffixusex|la|socius|t1=結伴的、分享的、參與的|-ālis|sociālis|t3=好交際的；[[同盟]]的、[[聯合]]的}} ====用法說明==== 後綴 {{m|la||-ālis}} 通常（但非僅限於）附加在[[名詞]]或[[數詞]]後，構成表示與該名詞相關的[[形容詞]]。當附加於既有的形容詞後時，其作用是[[加強]]該形容詞的[[詞義]]，並往往會[[縮小]][[語義場]]。若詞根以 {{m|la|-l}} 或 {{m|la|-lis}} 結尾，則通常改用 {{m|la|-āris}}。有時兩種形式均可見，例如 {{m|la|līneālis}} 與 {{m|la|līneāris}}。 ====變格==== {{la-adecl|-ālis}} ====派生詞彙==== * {{l|la|-ālia}} {{suffixsee|la}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|la|tālis}} * {{l|la|quālis}} ====派生語彙==== {{top2}} * {{desc|rup|-alji|-alj}} * {{desc|ca|-al|-alla}} * {{desc|en|bor=1|-al}} * {{desc|fr|-aille}} * {{desctree|fr|-el}} * {{desc|fr|-al|bor=1}} ** {{desc|nb|-al}} ** {{desc|tr|-al|bor=1}} * {{desc|fur|-âl|-ae}} * {{desc|gl|-al}} * {{desc|de|bor=1|-al}} * {{desc|ia|bor=1|-al}} * {{desc|it|-aglia}} * {{desctree|it|-ale}} * {{desc|oc|-al|-alha}} * {{desc|pl|bor=1|-alny|qq=同化借詞}} * {{desc|pt|-al|-alha}} * {{desc|ro|-aie|-ai}} * {{desc|scn|-ali}} * {{desc|es|-al}} * {{desc|vec|-al|-aja|-agia}} * {{desc|cy|bor=1|-ol}} {{bottom}} bi4gz8rri44yu35ddwkjbkdzdnp7bpj 0 3557681 9959846 2026-11-03T10:55:51Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|Appendix:"ale"的變體}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} ===後綴=== {{fr-suffix form|形容詞|g=f}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|-al}} #: {{afex|fr|architectural<t:建築的>|architecturale<g:f>|nointerp=1}} #: {{afex|fr|régional<t:區域性的>|régionale<g:f>|nointerp=1}} ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:inh|la:-ālis}} {{inh+|it|la|-ālis}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|-àle}} ===後綴=== {{it-adj}} # {{n-g|附…」的新頁面 9959846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Appendix:"ale"的變體}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} ===後綴=== {{fr-suffix form|形容詞|g=f}} # {{feminine singular of|fr|-al}} #: {{afex|fr|architectural<t:建築的>|architecturale<g:f>|nointerp=1}} #: {{afex|fr|régional<t:區域性的>|régionale<g:f>|nointerp=1}} ==意大利語== ===詞源=== {{ety|it|:inh|la:-ālis}} {{inh+|it|la|-ālis}}。 ===發音=== {{it-pr|-àle}} ===後綴=== {{it-adj}} # {{n-g|附加於[[名詞]]後以構成[[形容詞]]，特別是[[關係]]形容詞}} #: {{suffixusex|it|decisione|t1=決策|decisionale|alt2=decision'''ale'''|t2=決策的}} #: {{suffixusex|it|labbro|t1=脣|labiale|alt2=labi'''ale'''|t2=脣的}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|it}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|mt|-ali|bor=1}} ==拉丁語== ===後綴=== {{head|la|後綴變格形|head=-āle}} # {{inflection of|la|-ālis||nom//acc//voc|n|s}} ==中古英語== ===後綴=== {{head|enm|後綴|var=1}} # {{alt form|enm|-al}} ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|nl=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===後綴=== {{pl-head|名詞變格形|-al}} ==瓦隆語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|wa|/al/}} ===後綴=== {{head|wa|後綴}} # {{n-g|構成陰性名詞，通常是[[指小]]詞}} im9kosvg6qplih9egos0w79mfnt7mdo 0 3557682 9959847 2026-11-03T10:56:58Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|ales|Ales|ALES|Aleš|Alès|à les|âles|åles}} ==跨語言== ===詞源=== {{etymon|mul|:af|la:-ālēs<ety:from<la:-ālis>>}} 源自{{der|mul|la|-ālēs}}, {{m|la|-ālis}} 的複數。 ===後綴=== {{head|mul|後綴|g=f-p}} # {{lb|mul|分類學}} {{non-gloss|用於構成分類學中[[目]]的名稱}} ====用法說明==== * 使用此後綴構成的分類單元被視為[[陰性]][[複數]]名詞。 ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|m…」的新頁面 9959847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|ales|Ales|ALES|Aleš|Alès|à les|âles|åles}} ==跨語言== ===詞源=== {{etymon|mul|:af|la:-ālēs<ety:from<la:-ālis>>}} 源自{{der|mul|la|-ālēs}}, {{m|la|-ālis}} 的複數。 ===後綴=== {{head|mul|後綴|g=f-p}} # {{lb|mul|分類學}} {{non-gloss|用於構成分類學中[[目]]的名稱}} ====用法說明==== * 使用此後綴構成的分類單元被視為[[陰性]][[複數]]名詞。 ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|mul}} ==法語== ===發音=== * {{fr-IPA}} ===後綴=== {{fr-suffix form|名詞|g=f-p}} # {{plural of|fr|-ale}} ===後綴=== {{fr-suffix form|形容詞|g=f-p}} # {{feminine plural of|fr|-al}} #: {{afex|fr|national<t:國家的>|nationales<g:f-p>|nointerp=1}} ==拉丁語== ===後綴=== {{head|la|後綴變格形|head=-ālēs}} # {{inflection of|la|-ālis||nom//acc//voc|m//f|p}} ==西班牙語== ===後綴=== {{head|es|後綴變格形}} # {{plural of|es|-al}} 7splumks5plqclfea7mur31q3o3ll88 0 3557683 9959848 2026-11-03T10:59:07Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==英語== ===詞源=== {{ety|en|tree=1|text=*|:ubor|la:-ismus<id:主義>}} {{doublet|en|-ism}}。 ===後綴=== {{en-suffix}} # {{alternative form of|en|-ism}} ## {{ng|最常用於表示[[病症]]，特別是[[痙攣]]性的病症（亦指此類病症引起的痙攣）}} ##: {{syn|en|spasm<q:用於複合詞>}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|en}} ==阿勒曼尼語== ===詞源=== {{ety|gsw|:lbor|la:-ismus<id:主義>}} {{lbor|gsw|la|-ism…」的新頁面 9959848 wikitext text/x-wiki ==英語== ===詞源=== {{ety|en|tree=1|text=*|:ubor|la:-ismus<id:主義>}} {{doublet|en|-ism}}。 ===後綴=== {{en-suffix}} # {{alternative form of|en|-ism}} ## {{ng|最常用於表示[[病症]]，特別是[[痙攣]]性的病症（亦指此類病症引起的痙攣）}} ##: {{syn|en|spasm<q:用於複合詞>}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|en}} ==阿勒曼尼語== ===詞源=== {{ety|gsw|:lbor|la:-ismus<id:主義>}} {{lbor|gsw|la|-ismus|id=主義}}，源自{{der|gsw|grc|-ῐσμός|id=抽象名詞}}。 ===後綴=== {{head|gsw|後綴}} # {{rfex|gsw}} [[主義]] ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|gsw}} ==捷克語== ===詞源=== {{ety|cs|tree=1|text=2|:lbor|la:-ismus<id:主義>}} ===發音=== * {{cs-IPA}} * {{rhymes|cs|ɪzmus|s=2}} * {{hyph|cs|-is|mus}} ===後綴=== {{cs-noun|m-in}} # [[主義]] ====變格==== {{cs-ndecl|m.foreign}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|cs}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:cs:Slovnik afixu|-ismus/-izmus}} ==德語== {{wp|de:}} ===詞源=== {{ety|de|:lbor|la:-ismus<id:主義>}} {{lbor|de|la|-ismus|id=主義}}，源自{{der|de|grc|-ῐσμός|id=抽象名詞}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|de|/-ˈɪs.mʊs/}} * {{audio|de|LL-Q188 (deu)-Frank C. Müller--ismus.wav}} * {{audio|de|De--ismus.ogg|a=柏林}} * {{rhymes|de|ɪsmʊs|s=2}} * {{hyph|de|-is|mus}} ===後綴=== {{de-noun|m}} # [[主義]] ====變格==== {{de-ndecl|m}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|de}} ===參見=== * {{l|de|-ist}} ===延伸閱讀=== * {{R:de:DWDS}} * {{R:de:Duden}} ==拉丁語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|la|-isma}} ===詞源=== {{ety|la|id=主義|nodot=1|tree=1|text=*|:bor|grc:-ῐσμός<id:抽象名詞>}}，該後綴用於構成表示[[實踐]]或[[教義]]（[[學說]]）的抽象名詞，其本身源自以 {{m|grc|-ίζω}} 結尾的動詞詞幹。 ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|-ismus}} * {{hyph|la|-is|mus}} ===後綴=== {{la-suffix-noun|-ismus<2>}} # [[主義]]；{{non-gloss|附加於[[名詞]]或[[動詞]]後，構成表示與所附加[[事物]]或[[動作]]相關的[[實踐]]（[[行動]]或[[事例]]）、[[結果]]、[[教義]]、[[學說]]或[[狀態]]（[[情況]]或[[病症]]）的陽性[[抽象名詞]]}} ====變格==== {{la-ndecl|-ismus<2>}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|la}} ====派生語彙==== {{topN}} * {{desctree|it|-ismo}} * {{desc|gsw|-ismus|bor=1|lbor=1}} * {{desc|ast|-ismu|bor=1}} * {{desc|cs|-ismus|bor=1|lbor=1}} * {{desctree|nl|-isme|bor=1}} * {{desc|en|-ismus|bor=1}} * {{desc|fo|-isma|bor=1}} * {{desc|fr|-isme|bor=1}} {{see desc}} * {{desc|gl|-ismo|bor=1}} * {{desc|de|-ismus|bor=1|lbor=1}} * {{desc|hu|-izmus|bor=1}} * {{desctree|pt|-ismo|bor=1|lbor=1}} * {{desc|ro|-ism|bor=1}} * {{desc|sk|-izmus|bor=1}} * {{desctree|es|-ismo|bor=1|lbor=1}} * {{desc|ota|ـیزم|tr=-izm|bor=1}} ** {{desc|tr|-izm}} {{bottomN}} ==低地德語== ===詞源=== {{ety|nds|:lbor|la:-ismus<id:主義>}} {{lbor|nds|la|-ismus|id=主義}}，源自{{der|nds|grc|-ῐσμός|id=abstract noun}}。 ===後綴=== {{head|nds|後綴}} # {{rfex|nds}} [[主義]] ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|nds}} ==盧森堡語== ===詞源=== {{ety|lb|:lbor|la:-ismus<id:主義>}} {{lbor|lb|la|-ismus|id=主義}}，源自{{der|lb|grc|-ῐσμός|id=abstract noun}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|lb|/ˈis.mus/|[ˈiz.mus]}} * {{rhymes|lb|ismus|s=2}} * {{hyph|lb|-is|mus}} ===後綴=== {{head|lb|後綴|g=m}} # {{rfex|lb}} [[主義]] ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|lb}} 61xn3s57owoic2bmwp9ydwd05abzdyd 14 3557684 9959849 2026-11-03T10:59:22Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557685 9959850 2026-11-03T10:59:29Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557686 9959851 2026-11-03T10:59:35Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557687 9959852 2026-11-03T10:59:41Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557688 9959853 2026-11-03T11:00:05Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557689 9959854 2026-11-03T11:00:12Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557690 9959855 2026-11-03T11:00:19Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557691 9959856 2026-11-03T11:00:27Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557692 9959857 2026-11-03T11:00:34Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557693 9959858 2026-11-03T11:00:41Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557694 9959859 2026-11-03T11:00:47Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557695 9959860 2026-11-03T11:00:53Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557696 9959861 2026-11-03T11:00:59Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557697 9959862 2026-11-03T11:01:05Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557698 9959863 2026-11-03T11:01:12Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557699 9959864 2026-11-03T11:01:18Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557700 9959865 2026-11-03T11:01:24Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557701 9959866 2026-11-03T11:01:41Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3557702 9959867 2026-11-03T11:01:44Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|alia|Alia|alía|aliá}} ==英語== ===詞源1=== 源自名詞 {{m|en|paraphernalia}}。 ====後綴==== {{en-suffix}} # 與特定事物相關的[[物件]] #: {{uxi|en|[[kitchenalia]]|廚房中常見或使用的物品。}} ===詞源2=== {{bor+|en|la|-ālia}}。 ====後綴==== {{en-suffix}} # {{lb|en|見於拉丁語借詞}} {{n-g|出現在[[古羅馬]][[節日]]名稱中}} ===參見=== {{suffixsee|en}} ==因特語== ===詞源===…」的新頁面 9959867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|alia|Alia|alía|aliá}} ==英語== ===詞源1=== 源自名詞 {{m|en|paraphernalia}}。 ====後綴==== {{en-suffix}} # 與特定事物相關的[[物件]] #: {{uxi|en|[[kitchenalia]]|廚房中常見或使用的物品。}} ===詞源2=== {{bor+|en|la|-ālia}}。 ====後綴==== {{en-suffix}} # {{lb|en|見於拉丁語借詞}} {{n-g|出現在[[古羅馬]][[節日]]名稱中}} ===參見=== {{suffixsee|en}} ==因特語== ===詞源=== {{bor+|ia|la|-ālia}}。 ===發音=== * {{IPA|ia|/ˈalia/|/ˈalja/}} ===後綴=== {{ia-suffix|n}} # {{ng|附加於[[名詞]]後構成名詞，表示無價值之物的[[集合]]}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|ferro|t1=鐵|ferralia|t2=廢鐵}} #: {{suffixusex|ia|papiro|t1=紙|papiralia|t2=廢紙、舊紙、成堆的紙張}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|ia}} ===參考資料=== * {{R:ia:Gode1955}} ==拉丁語== ===發音=== * {{la-IPA|-ālia|eccl=yes}} ===詞源1=== {{etymon|la|id=名詞化後綴|:from|la:-ālis<id:形容詞化後綴>}} {{w|古典拉丁語}}後綴 {{m|la|-ālis}} 中性複數形式的[[名詞化]]。 ====後綴==== {{la-suffix-noun|-ālia<3.pl>}} # {{non-gloss|用於構成宗教[[節日]]名稱}} =====變格===== {{la-ndecl|-ālia<3.pl>|gen_pl=-ālium/-āliōrum}} =====派生詞彙===== {{suffixsee|la}} ===詞源2=== {{m|la|-ālis}} 的規則變格形式。 ====後綴==== {{head|la|後綴變格形|head=-ālia}} # {{inflection of|la|-ālis||nom//acc//voc|n|p}} ==波蘭語== ===詞源=== {{ety|pl|id=集合|:lbor|la:-ālia<id:名詞化後綴>|tree=1|text=1}} ===發音=== {{pl-pr}} ===後綴=== {{pl-noun|nv-p}} # {{ng|構成[[集合名詞]]}} #: {{suffixusex|pl|generalny|generalia}} ====變格==== {{pl-ndecl|-alium<n.pl.nompl:-alia.genpl:-aliów.datpl:-aliom.inspl:-aliami.locpl:-aliach>}} ====派生詞彙==== {{suffixsee|pl}} fd2ghknjjhizfr4xnjosq9oecds68bq 14 3557703 9959868 2026-11-03T11:01:47Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 118 3557704 9959869 2026-11-03T11:02:57Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{reconstructed}} {{rfref|1=la|2=詳閱 [[:Category:原始意大利語參考模板]] 或 [https://google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=%22-ālis%22 Google 圖書]}} ==原始意大利語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|itc-pro|*-āris}} ===詞源=== {{ety|itc-pro|id=形容詞化後綴|:der<unc>|ine-pro:<alt:*h₂élis><ety:af<*h₂el-<id:生長>><*-is>>}} 可能源自{{der|itc-pro|ine-pro|*h₂el-<t:生長><id:生長>}} 的 ''i''-詞幹派生詞；對…」的新頁面 9959869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{reconstructed}} {{rfref|1=la|2=詳閱 [[:Category:原始意大利語參考模板]] 或 [https://google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=%22-ālis%22 Google 圖書]}} ==原始意大利語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|itc-pro|*-āris}} ===詞源=== {{ety|itc-pro|id=形容詞化後綴|:der<unc>|ine-pro:<alt:*h₂élis><ety:af<*h₂el-<id:生長>><*-is>>}} 可能源自{{der|itc-pro|ine-pro|*h₂el-<t:生長><id:生長>}} 的 ''i''-詞幹派生詞；對比{{cog|la|indolēs|ind-olēs}} 及 {{m|la|prōlēs|pr-ōlēs}}。亦可能源自 {{m|ine-pro||*-eh₂-}} + {{m|ine-pro|*-lis}}。 ===後綴=== {{head|itc-pro|後綴}} # {{senseid|itc-pro|關係形容詞}} {{ng|構成[[關係形容詞]]}} ====用法說明==== * 形式 {{m|itc-pro|*-āris}} 通常出現在 ''*-l-'' 之後，其餘情況則表現為 ''*-ālis''。 ====變格==== {{itc-decl-adj-i|-āl}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|itc-pro|*kʷālis}} * {{l|itc-pro|*tālis}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|la|-ālis|-āris}} * {{desc|osc|-𐌀𐌓𐌝𐌌|pos=陰性單數賓格}} * {{desc|pgn|-ar|pos=單數主格}} * {{desc|xum|-ale|pos=單數方位格/奪格，或中性單數主格/賓格|-alem|pos2=單數賓格|-alir|pos3=單數屬格|-arem|pos4=陰性單數賓格|-are|pos5=中性單數賓格}} {{cln|itc-pro|構成形容詞的後綴}} aramk8seh358ew5wcnyd96l7avczcxz 9959870 9959869 2026-11-03T11:03:07Z TongcyDai 53191 9959870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{reconstructed}} ==原始意大利語== ===其他形式=== * {{alt|itc-pro|*-āris}} ===詞源=== {{ety|itc-pro|id=形容詞化後綴|:der<unc>|ine-pro:<alt:*h₂élis><ety:af<*h₂el-<id:生長>><*-is>>}} 可能源自{{der|itc-pro|ine-pro|*h₂el-<t:生長><id:生長>}} 的 ''i''-詞幹派生詞；對比{{cog|la|indolēs|ind-olēs}} 及 {{m|la|prōlēs|pr-ōlēs}}。亦可能源自 {{m|ine-pro||*-eh₂-}} + {{m|ine-pro|*-lis}}。 ===後綴=== {{head|itc-pro|後綴}} # {{senseid|itc-pro|關係形容詞}} {{ng|構成[[關係形容詞]]}} ====用法說明==== * 形式 {{m|itc-pro|*-āris}} 通常出現在 ''*-l-'' 之後，其餘情況則表現為 ''*-ālis''。 ====變格==== {{itc-decl-adj-i|-āl}} ====相關詞彙==== * {{l|itc-pro|*kʷālis}} * {{l|itc-pro|*tālis}} ====派生語彙==== * {{desc|la|-ālis|-āris}} * {{desc|osc|-𐌀𐌓𐌝𐌌|pos=陰性單數賓格}} * {{desc|pgn|-ar|pos=單數主格}} * {{desc|xum|-ale|pos=單數方位格/奪格，或中性單數主格/賓格|-alem|pos2=單數賓格|-alir|pos3=單數屬格|-arem|pos4=陰性單數賓格|-are|pos5=中性單數賓格}} {{cln|itc-pro|構成形容詞的後綴}} 9m8bgxsxvre234k5cqu7dmagf5outj2 0 3557705 9959872 2026-11-03T11:04:00Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exsistentēs}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||nom//acc//voc|m//f|p}}」的新頁面 9959872 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exsistentēs}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||nom//acc//voc|m//f|p}} gcfuubbp43lzyqcp1jr66cjdmzdlbv2 0 3557706 9959873 2026-11-03T11:04:01Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||gen|m//f//n|p}}」的新頁面 9959873 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||gen|m//f//n|p}} dof9bmstrckxcb57yftccvr0d40w17j 0 3557708 9959874 2026-11-03T11:04:02Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||dat//abl|m//f//n|p}}」的新頁面 9959874 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||dat//abl|m//f//n|p}} nfz6matqgu6xgf026lgvxstvhpy0eyz 0 3557709 9959875 2026-11-03T11:04:07Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||gen|m//f//n|s}}」的新頁面 9959875 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||gen|m//f//n|s}} hurvuqglk16i9xpivo2rtzuyuxzil3c 0 3557710 9959876 2026-11-03T11:04:08Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exsistentī}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||dat|m//f//n|s}}」的新頁面 9959876 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exsistentī}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||dat|m//f//n|s}} b3qmr6hduvulchxntug68hjuqxvzf0b 0 3557711 9959877 2026-11-03T11:04:09Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||acc|m//f|s}}」的新頁面 9959877 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||acc|m//f|s}} hhmvn16i8rt2obzz9co9wnn66ahvyr6 0 3557712 9959878 2026-11-03T11:04:09Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||abl|m//f//n|s}}」的新頁面 9959878 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|exsistēns||abl|m//f//n|s}} i8e82ron256948vvoxo9dm6u5iisy53 0 3557713 9959880 2026-11-03T11:06:51Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==加利西亞語== ===形容詞=== {{head|gl|形容詞變格形}} # {{plural of|gl|existente}} ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=existentēs}} # {{inflection of|la|existēns||nom//acc//voc|m//f|p}} ==葡萄牙語== ===發音=== {{pt-IPA|esistentes}} ===形容詞=== {{head|pt|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|pt|existente||mf|p}} ==西班牙語== ===形容詞=== {{head|es|形容詞變格形|g=m-p|g2=f-p}}…」的新頁面 9959880 wikitext text/x-wiki ==加利西亞語== ===形容詞=== {{head|gl|形容詞變格形}} # {{plural of|gl|existente}} ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=existentēs}} # {{inflection of|la|existēns||nom//acc//voc|m//f|p}} ==葡萄牙語== ===發音=== {{pt-IPA|esistentes}} ===形容詞=== {{head|pt|形容詞變格形}} # {{adj form of|pt|existente||mf|p}} ==西班牙語== ===形容詞=== {{head|es|形容詞變格形|g=m-p|g2=f-p}} # {{plural of|es|existente}} 7jokswrrlxph5yqih67isflt55380li 0 3557714 9959881 2026-11-03T11:06:52Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|existēns||gen|m//f//n|p}}」的新頁面 9959881 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|existēns||gen|m//f//n|p}} 6kmc54mq4i0y32nm58jh88sbmkhmfte 0 3557715 9959882 2026-11-03T11:06:53Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|existēns||dat//abl|m//f//n|p}}」的新頁面 9959882 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|existēns||dat//abl|m//f//n|p}} 25ytz0et3kruofrfvr9ck0eeiq1xc57 0 3557716 9959883 2026-11-03T11:06:53Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|existēns||gen|m//f//n|s}}」的新頁面 9959883 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|existēns||gen|m//f//n|s}} t5jhw0b6ok594cnc4v4lnafpu8i7bih 0 3557717 9959884 2026-11-03T11:06:54Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=existentī}} # {{inflection of|la|existēns||dat|m//f//n|s}}」的新頁面 9959884 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=existentī}} # {{inflection of|la|existēns||dat|m//f//n|s}} n40e6yygj3jckztu55zmaqx5cx8x8rf 0 3557718 9959885 2026-11-03T11:06:58Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|existēns||acc|m//f|s}}」的新頁面 9959885 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形}} # {{inflection of|la|existēns||acc|m//f|s}} h2apuqgmj5v6ybere7cpx5244jtxrn5 14 3557719 9959887 2026-11-03T11:07:51Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557720 9959888 2026-11-03T11:07:57Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3557721 9959889 2026-11-03T11:08:59Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===詞源=== {{m|la|exsistō}} 的未來時主動分詞。 ===分詞=== {{la-part|exstitūrus}} # 將[[存在]] ====變格==== {{la-adecl|exstitūrus}}」的新頁面 9959889 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===詞源=== {{m|la|exsistō}} 的未來時主動分詞。 ===分詞=== {{la-part|exstitūrus}} # 將[[存在]] ====變格==== {{la-adecl|exstitūrus}} 7xve798fi2jc5vkviqklrn96lzoefh1 0 3557722 9959890 2026-11-03T11:09:18Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūre}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||voc|m|s}}」的新頁面 9959890 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūre}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||voc|m|s}} obhrztjc3fvef9eyz9zzz4vgyf4cz2s 0 3557723 9959891 2026-11-03T11:09:20Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrī}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||nom//voc|m|p|;|gen|m//n|s}}」的新頁面 9959891 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrī}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||nom//voc|m|p|;|gen|m//n|s}} aap18ywybdqs4pw2m684gn78xgmpbxo 0 3557724 9959892 2026-11-03T11:09:20Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrō}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||dat//abl|m//n|s}}」的新頁面 9959892 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrō}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||dat//abl|m//n|s}} sljj85otvn056b3gyiluhng0dg6z7qg 0 3557725 9959893 2026-11-03T11:09:21Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrum}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||nom//acc//voc|n|s|;|acc|m|s}}」的新頁面 9959893 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrum}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||nom//acc//voc|n|s|;|acc|m|s}} lt4ftnffwjgq7eus3mtwmtv378f1hw9 0 3557726 9959894 2026-11-03T11:09:21Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrae}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||nom//voc|f|p|;|gen//dat|f|s}}」的新頁面 9959894 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrae}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||nom//voc|f|p|;|gen//dat|f|s}} q6k4i1dul3bhfk9ohx31806cpwz1aym 0 3557728 9959895 2026-11-03T11:09:22Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūra}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||nom//voc|f|s|;|nom//acc//voc|n|p}} ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrā}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||abl|f|s}}」的新頁面 9959895 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūra}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||nom//voc|f|s|;|nom//acc//voc|n|p}} ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrā}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||abl|f|s}} mqhahbwg2i35fq6gqt1bt6aohsfd55q 0 3557729 9959896 2026-11-03T11:09:28Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrōrum}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||gen|m//n|p}}」的新頁面 9959896 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrōrum}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||gen|m//n|p}} ho9d40dnhyh8lhsbq64h9a85tnicfwa 0 3557730 9959897 2026-11-03T11:09:29Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrārum}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||gen|f|p}}」的新頁面 9959897 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrārum}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||gen|f|p}} 54joj9agi0azwahymhgumtdy4xbkiu9 0 3557731 9959898 2026-11-03T11:09:29Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrīs}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||dat//abl|m//f//n|p}}」的新頁面 9959898 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrīs}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||dat//abl|m//f//n|p}} 5is5pbs5gslskv1ol52z7qv7ogpwyj0 0 3557732 9959899 2026-11-03T11:09:30Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrās}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||acc|f|p}}」的新頁面 9959899 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrās}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||acc|f|p}} 6zcrdul5545m454ia9o71slm3l7u6wi 0 3557733 9959900 2026-11-03T11:09:30Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrōs}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||acc|m|p}}」的新頁面 9959900 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūrōs}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||acc|m|p}} 19eph8aao4xcdsvb38ygxv0a6fegt63 0 3557734 9959901 2026-11-03T11:09:31Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūram}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||acc|f|s}}」的新頁面 9959901 wikitext text/x-wiki ==拉丁語== ===分詞=== {{head|la|分詞變格形|head=exstitūram}} # {{inflection of|la|exstitūrus||acc|f|s}} 15wbhtq3zq6q7bbvxtklrszo1osjjpn 828 3557735 9959903 2026-11-03T11:15:54Z TongcyBot 83009 同步英語維基詞典 Module:zlw-lch-decl/data（enwt 93936997），本地化表頭 9959903 Scribunto text/plain --[==[ Data shared by all the languages of [[Module:zlw-lch-decl]]: the cases, numbers, genders and animacies, and the slots of each kind of table. Each language's own data (its rules, alternations, lexicons and so on) is in its own module: [[Module:zlw-lch-decl/data/pl]] and [[Module:zlw-lch-decl/data/zlw-opl]]. A "slot" is one cell of a table: a case and a number for a noun (e.g. `gen_p`), or a case and a gender column for an adjective (e.g. `gen_mn`). Each slot has an accelerator tag (using the codes in [[Module:form of/data]]), so that a red link in a cell can create the entry for the form. ]==] local data = {} -- The languages that have declension tables, by code. The code also names the language's data module -- (`Module:zlw-lch-decl/data/CODE`), and each entry point the language uses (`noun`, `adjective`) gives the template -- that invokes it, for the error messages. `examples` gives, for each entry point, the call that its template shows on -- its own page when called with no arguments. data.languages = { ["pl"] = { noun = "pl-ndecl", adjective = "pl-adecl", examples = { noun = "kobieta<f>", adjective = "biały<>" }, }, ["zlw-opl"] = { noun = "zlw-opl-ndecl", examples = { noun = "ptak<nom:ptak.nompl:ptacy.genpl:ptaków>" }, }, } -- The cases in table order. `name` is the row header; the tooltip over it comes from the language (`case_titles` in its -- data). data.cases = { { code = "nom", name = "主格", accel = "nom" }, { code = "gen", name = "屬格", accel = "gen" }, { code = "dat", name = "與格", accel = "dat" }, { code = "acc", name = "賓格", accel = "acc" }, { code = "ins", name = "工具格", accel = "ins" }, { code = "loc", name = "方位格", accel = "loc" }, { code = "voc", name = "呼格", accel = "voc" }, } -- The case codes, used to check the case of an override. data.case_codes = {} for _, case in ipairs(data.cases) do data.case_codes[case.code] = true end -- The numbers in column order. Only an attested table has the dual (`du`), i.e. an Old Polish table or a Middle Polish -- or dialectal table of Polish. data.numbers = { { code = "s", name = "單數", accel = "s" }, { code = "d", name = "雙數", accel = "d" }, { code = "p", name = "複數", accel = "p" }, } data.genders = { m = { name = "masculine" }, f = { name = "feminine" }, n = { name = "neuter" }, } -- The noun slots, ordered by case first, as the cells are shown, so that the footnotes are numbered in reading order. data.noun_slots = {} for _, case in ipairs(data.cases) do for _, number in ipairs(data.numbers) do table.insert(data.noun_slots, {slot = case.code .. "_" .. number.code, case = case.code, number = number.code}) end end return data jlze0nq5g0310xbtvlu2cr4jiv55h4l 828 3557736 9959904 2026-11-03T11:15:56Z TongcyBot 83009 同步英語維基詞典 Module:zlw-lch-decl/data/pl（enwt 93936998），本地化註腳、標題與分類 9959904 Scribunto text/plain --[==[ Polish data for [[Module:zlw-lch-decl]]: the declension rules, the stem alternations they use, the irregular words, the footnotes, and the indicators of {{tl|pl-ndecl}} and {{tl|pl-adecl}}. TERMINOLOGY: * "stem" = The lemma minus its nominative ending, e.g. ''kobiet-'' from ''kobieta'' and ''okn-'' from ''okno''. A masculine noun ending in a consonant is its own stem (''pies''). * "group" = The nouns that share one set of rules, i.e. those with the same gender (`m-pr` masculine personal, `m-anml` masculine animal, `m-in` masculine inanimate, `f`, `n`), kind (common nouns, surnames, given names, place names and other names) and nominative ending (`""` for a consonant, `a`, `o`, `e`, `ę`, `um`, `i`). Pluralia tantum have groups of their own, by the ending of their nominative plural. * "rule" = The forms of one slot for the nouns of a group whose stem ends in particular letters. The rule for the longest such ending applies, and `""` holds the group's default. A form is an ending added either to the stem or to the stem changed by an alternation (e.g. with `stem = "palatal"`, ''kobiet-'' becomes ''kobieci-'' before ''-e''). * "copy" = A slot whose forms are always those of another slot in its group, e.g. the accusative singular of a personal noun is its genitive. ]==] local data = {} ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Alternations -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- The vowels, used by the rules that look for the last syllable of a stem. data.vowels = "aąeęioóuy" --[==[ The alternations a rule can ask for (`stem = "..."`). Several are joined with "+", in this order: * `reduced`: drop the mobile ''e'' of the stem's last syllable (''pies'' → ''ps-'', ''sweter'' → ''swetr-''). * `inserted_e`, `inserted_ie`: put in ''e'' or ''ie'' before the last consonant (''matk-'' → ''matek'', ''okn-'' → ''okien''). * `truncated`: drop the end of the stem given by `truncate` (''Amerykanin'' → ''Amerykan-'', ''Amerykanie''). * `spelled`: write the end of the stem as `spelled` gives it before an ending (''appendix'' → ''appendiks-''). * `shortened`: change ''ó'' to ''o'' and ''ą'' to ''ę'' in the last syllable (''stół'' → ''stoł-'', ''ząb'' → ''zęb-''). * `lengthened`: change ''o'' to ''ó'' and ''ę'' to ''ą'' in the last syllable (''drog-'' → ''dróg'', ''ręk-'' → ''rąk''). * `fronted`: change ''o'' or ''a'' to ''e'' in the last syllable (''uczony'' → ''uczeni'', ''sąsiad'' → ''sąsiedzi''). * `soft`, `palatal`, `virile`: change the last consonant (or two) using one of the tables below. ]==] -- How `shortened` (''stół'' → ''stołu''), `lengthened` (''droga'' → ''dróg'') and `fronted` (''uczony'' → ''uczeni'', -- ''sąsiad'' → ''sąsiedzi'') change the vowel of a stem's last syllable. data.shorten = { ["ó"] = "o", ["ą"] = "ę" } data.lengthen = { ["o"] = "ó", ["ę"] = "ą" } data.front = { ["o"] = "e", ["a"] = "e" } -- How `truncated` cuts a stem (the plural of the nouns in ''-anin'' has no ''-in'': ''mieszczanin'' → ''mieszczanie'', -- ''mieszczan'') and how `spelled` writes one before an ending (''appendix'' → ''appendiksu'', ''appendiksie''). data.truncate = { nin = "n" } data.spelled = { x = "ks" } -- How a soft consonant at the end of a stem is written before a vowel, e.g. ''koń'' → ''konia''. data.soft = { ["dź"] = "dzi", ["ć"] = "ci", ["ń"] = "ni", ["ś"] = "si", ["ź"] = "zi" } -- The reverse: how a stem's soft consonant spelled with ''i'' is written at the end of a word with no ending, e.g. -- ''danie'' → ''dań''. The module also uses `soft` to respell a final soft consonant before a vowel, as Polish -- spelling always does (''niedźwiedź'' + ''-a'' → ''niedźwiedzia''), so a rule's ending doesn't need `soft` for that. data.final_soft = { ["dzi"] = "dź", ["ci"] = "ć", ["ni"] = "ń", ["si"] = "ś", ["zi"] = "ź" } -- The consonants that stay soft when a mobile ''ie'' before them drops, e.g. ''goniec'' → ''gońca'', ''wrzesień'' → -- ''września''. Before the other consonants, the ''i'' only marked their softness and goes with it (''pies'' → -- ''psa'', ''łokieć'' → ''łokcia''). data.reduced_soft = { n = "ń", s = "ś", z = "ź", c = "ć", dz = "dź" } -- The first palatalization, before ''-e'' (in the locative singular and the feminine dative singular). data.palatal = { -- After ''c'', ''r'' and ''s'', the ''z'' of ''-zn-'' and ''-zł-'' is part of a digraph and doesn't soften -- (''logiczny'' → ''logiczni'', ''Leszno'' → ''Lesznie'', ''zeszły'' → ''zeszli'', but ''żelazny'' → ''żelaźni''). ["czn"] = "czni", ["rzn"] = "rzni", ["szn"] = "szni", ["czł"] = "czl", ["rzł"] = "rzl", ["szł"] = "szl", ["st"] = "ści", ["zd"] = "ździ", ["sł"] = "śl", ["zł"] = "źl", ["sn"] = "śni", ["zn"] = "źni", ["sm"] = "śmi", ["zm"] = "źmi", ["ch"] = "sz", ["p"] = "pi", ["b"] = "bi", ["f"] = "fi", ["w"] = "wi", ["v"] = "vi", ["m"] = "mi", ["n"] = "ni", ["s"] = "si", ["z"] = "zi", ["t"] = "ci", ["d"] = "dzi", ["r"] = "rz", ["ł"] = "l", ["k"] = "c", ["g"] = "dz", ["h"] = "ż", } -- The tooltip over the row header of each case, giving its Polish name and questions. data.case_titles = { nom = "mianownik (kto? co?)", gen = "dopełniacz (kogo? czego?)", dat = "celownik (komu? czemu?)", acc = "biernik (kogo? co?)", ins = "narzędnik (kim? czym?)", loc = "miejscownik (o kim? o czym?)", voc = "wołacz (o!)", } -- The nominative endings split off a lemma to get its stem, by gender (and `plural` for a plurale tantum), tried in -- order. For example, ''kobieta'' is ''kobiet-'' plus ''-a'', a masculine in ''-y'' or ''-i'' is an adjectival noun -- (''Kowalski''), and one in ''-e'' declines as an adjective in the singular (''Bethke'', ''Bethkego'', ''Bethkowie''). -- A lemma with none of them is its own stem (''pies''). data.nominative_endings = { m = { "a", "o", "y", "i", "e" }, f = { "a", "i" }, n = { "um", "o", "e", "ę" }, plural = { "i", "y", "e", "a" }, } -- The endings of `nominative_endings` that are only a nominative after a consonant, by gender. After a vowel they belong -- to the stem (''playboy'', ''playboya''; ''Halley'', ''Halleya''). data.nominative_after_consonant = { m = { y = true, i = true, e = true } } -- The mobile vowels that `reduced` drops, tried in order: ''ie'' after a consonant, which stays soft according to -- `soften` (''goniec'' → ''gońc-''), and ''e'' (''pies'' → ''ps-''). data.mobile_vowels = { { "ie", after_consonant = true, soften = "reduced_soft" }, { "e" }, } -- The mobile vowel that `*` puts into a bare form: ''ie'' after the letters in `after` (''okno'' → ''okien'', ''igła'' -- → ''igieł''), and otherwise `default` (''matka'' → ''matek''). data.inserted_vowel = { default = "e", after = { k = "ie", g = "ie" } } -- The vowel that spells a soft consonant before another vowel (''koń'' + ''-a'' → ''konia''). An ending drops its first -- vowel after it if that vowel is one of `soft_vowel_absorbs` (''goleń'' + ''-i'' → ''goleni''), and also after a -- softening of the stem that ends in it (''Herod'' + virile ''-y'' → ''Herodzi'', ''Twardy'' + ''-i'' → ''Twardzi''). data.soft_vowel = "i" data.soft_vowel_absorbs = { "i", "y" } -- The vowel never written after the soft vowel. After a stem's own ''i'', it is dropped if the ''i'' spells a soft -- consonant (the stem ends in a key of `final_soft`: ''niunia'' + ''-y'' → ''niuni'') and written as the soft vowel if -- the ''i'' is a vowel (''Ilia'' + ''-y'' → ''Ilii''). data.hard_vowel = "y" -- The digraphs a stem can end in, which count as one consonant (for the stem type in the categories, and for Standard -- Kurpie). data.digraphs = { ch = true, cz = true, dz = true, ["dź"] = true, ["dż"] = true, rz = true, sz = true } -- The softening in the masculine personal nominative plural (''student'' → ''studenci'', ''Polak'' → ''Polacy''). data.virile = { ["st"] = "ści", ["ch"] = "s", ["t"] = "c", ["d"] = "dz", ["r"] = "rz", ["k"] = "c", ["g"] = "dz", ["ł"] = "l", ["sz"] = "s", ["s"] = "s", ["z"] = "z", ["n"] = "n", ["p"] = "p", ["b"] = "b", ["m"] = "m", ["w"] = "w", ["f"] = "f", } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Notes -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- The footnotes a rule or an override can give a form, by key: `note = "dated"` in a rule, or `[dated]` in a spec. data.notes = { archaic = "古舊", colloquial = "口語", dated = "過時", deprecative = "貶抑形式", dialectal = "方言", humorous = "幽默", literary = "書面", obsolete = "棄用", pejorative = "貶義", proscribed = "不推薦使用", rare = "罕用", regional = "區域用語", vulgar = "粗俗", -- Notes for the forms of a pronoun that are only clitics (''go'', ''mi'') or only follow a preposition (''niego''). unstressed = "非重讀", after_preposition = "用於介詞後", } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Indicators -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --[==[ The indicators of each template, by name. Indicators with the same `group` exclude each other, and the group names what they set (read with `Spec:group`). `sets` is the value the indicator gives its group if that isn't its own name, and `value` means it takes a value (e.g. `decllemma:dń`). ]==] data.indicators = { noun = { m = { group = "gender" }, f = { group = "gender" }, n = { group = "gender" }, pr = { group = "animacy" }, anml = { group = "animacy" }, inan = { group = "animacy" }, sg = { group = "number" }, pl = { group = "number" }, ["*"] = { group = "reducible" }, ["-*"] = { group = "reducible" }, ["#"] = { group = "quantity" }, ["-#"] = { group = "quantity" }, surname = { group = "kind" }, given = { group = "kind" }, place = { group = "kind" }, proper = { group = "kind" }, irreg = { group = "type" }, indecl = { group = "type" }, ["!"] = { group = "type" }, ["+"] = { group = "type" }, pron = { group = "type" }, num = { group = "type" }, decllemma = { group = "declined", value = "word" }, r = { group = "declined", value = "word" }, lect = { group = "table", value = "code" }, dialectal = { group = "table" }, recon = { value = "word" }, du = {}, soft = {}, }, adjective = { irreg = {}, plonly = {}, archdat = {}, decllemma = { value = "word" }, lect = { group = "table", value = "code" }, dialectal = { group = "table" }, num = {}, recon = { value = "word" }, du = {}, pos = { value = "part of speech" }, }, } -- The parts of speech an adjective table can be categorized under (given with `pos:` on one of its words, with -- `adjective` as the default), along with the plural its categories use ("Polish hard pronouns"). data.parts_of_speech = { adjective = "形容詞", pronoun = "代詞", determiner = "限定詞", numeral = "數詞", suffix = "後綴", } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Lects -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --[==[ The lects that have a table of their own (`lect:CODE`), by their code in [[Module:zlw-lch-IPA/data/pl]]. An "attested" table lists the forms given and nothing else (`respelling` gives the link target of each form), and a "paradigm" generates the forms from the `rules` named. The forms of any other lect go in the `dialectal` table, each tagged with its lect. The names of the lects are read from [[Module:zlw-lch-IPA/data/pl]]. ]==] data.lect_tables = { -- The Middle Polish forms link to their modern spelling, using `middle_polish_respelling`. mpl = { table = "attested", respelling = "middle_polish_respelling" }, -- The Standard Kurpie forms are generated from `kurpie`. skur = { table = "paradigm", rules = "kurpie" }, } -- The data module of the lects, with their codes, names and aliases. data.lect_module = "Module:zlw-lch-IPA/data/pl" -- The start of the title of a lect's table (or of the dialectal table), before its head. data.lect_titles = { mpl = " 的已證實中古波蘭語形式", skur = " 的標準庫爾皮耶語變格", dialectal = " 的已證實方言形式", } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Categories -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --[==[ The categories of a table of the standard language, each after the language's name ("Polish singularia tantum"). A noun table of one word is categorized by its stem type and gender (`stem`, e.g. "velar feminine nouns"), by what its forms show (`reducible` for a mobile ''e'', `quantitative` for ''ó''/''o'' or ''ą''/''ę''), and by its type (`irregular`, `adjectival`, `indeclinable`). A phrase, a pronoun or a numeral is only categorized by its number. An adjective table is categorized by its kind and part of speech (`adjective_kind`, e.g. "hard adjectives" or "soft pronouns"), and by any short forms and irregular stem. ]==] data.categories = { singularia_tantum = "唯單名詞", pluralia_tantum = "唯複名詞", stem = "%s%s名詞", reducible = "有可簡化詞幹的名詞", quantitative = "有元音長短交替的名詞", irregular = "不規則名詞", adjectival = "形容詞性名詞", indeclinable = "無屈折名詞", adjective_kind = "%s%s", short_forms = "有短形式的%s", irregular_stem = "有不規則詞幹的%s", } -- The gender of a noun as its stem category names it, by gender and (for masculines) animacy. data.category_genders = { m = { pr = "陽性個人", anml = "陽性動物", inan = "陽性無生" }, f = "陰性", n = "中性", } -- l10n: the stem type of a noun as its stem category names it (`hard`, `soft` or `velar`, see `stem_types`). data.category_stem_types = { hard = "硬音", soft = "軟音", velar = "軟腭音" } -- The stem type of a noun by the last consonant of its stem: velar, soft (including the functionally soft ''c'', -- ''cz'', ''dz'', ''dż'', ''rz'', ''sz'' and ''ż''), or otherwise hard. data.stem_types = { velar = { k = true, g = true, ch = true }, soft = { ["ć"] = true, ["ń"] = true, ["ś"] = true, ["ź"] = true, ["dź"] = true, j = true, l = true, i = true, c = true, cz = true, dz = true, ["dż"] = true, rz = true, sz = true, ["ż"] = true, }, } -- The Middle Polish letters that are respelled in the link target of a form (''ptåka'' links to [[ptaka]]). The form -- itself is shown as written. data.middle_polish_respelling = { ["å"] = "a", ["á"] = "a", ["é"] = "e", ["Å"] = "A", ["Á"] = "A", ["É"] = "E", } --[==[ The Standard Kurpie paradigm (`lect:skur`) * `palatal`: what the last consonant (or cluster) of a stem becomes before an ending with `stem = "palatal"`. An ''s'' or ''z'' before a softened consonant is softened too (''masło'' → ''maśle'', ''źosna'' → ''źośńe''), but not the ''z'' of ''rz''. The velars only change before the ''-e'' of a feminine; a masculine or neuter velar takes ''-u''. * `hardened`: the consonants after which an ending's ''ï'' is written ''y'' (''ulicy'', ''nocy''). * `soft` and `velar`: the last consonants that make a stem soft or velar, which decide the type of a lemma. * `mazurated`: the last consonants that can come from mazuration (''s'', ''z'', ''c'', ''dz'' for ''sz'', ''ż'', ''cz'', ''dż''). The indicator `soft` makes such a stem soft, as in ''lystonos'' (< ''listonosz''), whose spelling doesn't show it; ''sołtys'' stays hard. * `nouns[GENDER][TYPE]`: the ending of each slot, as in `noun_groups` (a string, or `{ ending, stem = "palatal" }`). The type comes from the lemma; see `paradigm_type` in [[Module:zlw-lch-decl]]. * `copies[GENDER]` and `animate_copies[ANIMACY]`: the slots that take the forms of another slot. * `clear`, `clear_before_nasal` and `nasals`: the alternation of `#`, by which the slanted vowel of the last syllable of a consonant-final lemma is clear before an ending (''kśądz'', ''kśę̈dza''). Before one of the `nasals`, where ''o'' is always written ''ó'', the slanted ''ó'' alternates with ''a''. * `adjective`: the endings of the single adjective declension, by slot of `adjective_slots`, added to the lemma minus its last letter. ]==] data.kurpie = { palatal = { ["rzn"] = "rzń", ["rzł"] = "rzl", st = "ść", zd = "źdź", sn = "śń", zn = "źń", ["sł"] = "śl", ["zł"] = "źl", sm = "śń", zm = "źń", b = "bź", p = "pś", f = "ś", w = "ź", m = "ń", s = "ś", z = "ź", t = "ć", d = "dź", n = "ń", r = "rz", ["ł"] = "l", ch = "s", k = "c", g = "dz", }, hardened = { c = true, cz = true, dz = true, ["dż"] = true, rz = true, sz = true, ["ż"] = true }, -- The type of a lemma, by gender. Take the first entry whose ending the lemma has (`""` for none; with -- `consonant_final`, only if it doesn't end in one of the `vowels`). The type is that of the first class in the -- entry's `by_final` that has the last consonant of the stem, and otherwise `default`; it is a type of the gender -- `declension` if the entry gives one. With the indicator `soft`, it is the entry's `soft`. types = { f = { { ending = "a", by_final = { { "soft", "soft" }, { "hardened", "soft" } }, default = "hard" }, -- After a soft consonant, the ending is written ''-å'' (''sukńå''). { ending = "å", default = "soft" }, { ending = "", by_final = { { "soft", "soft_consonant" } }, default = "hard_consonant" }, }, n = { { ending = "um", default = "latinate" }, -- A final ''ę'' is written ''ë'' (''wyńë''). { ending = "ë", default = "nasal" }, -- A soft stem in ''-o'' is a j-stem (''jajo''). { ending = "o", by_final = { { "velar", "velar" }, { "hardened", "hardened" }, { "soft", "soft" } }, default = "hard" }, { ending = "e", by_final = { { "hardened", "hardened" } }, default = "soft" }, }, m = { { ending = "", consonant_final = true, by_final = { { "velar", "velar" }, { "soft", "soft" }, { "hardened", "soft" } }, default = "hard", soft = "soft" }, -- An animate masculine in ''-a'' or ''-å'' (''starosta'', ''sę̈dźå'') declines as a feminine, with the -- accusative plural of its animacy. { ending = "a", declension = "f", by_final = { { "soft", "soft" }, { "hardened", "soft" } }, default = "hard" }, { ending = "å", declension = "f", default = "soft" }, }, }, -- The nominative plural endings a plurale tantum can have, tried in order (''Ńëmcy''). plural_nominatives = { "y", "ï", "e", "a" }, vowels = "aąeęioóuyåéëï", -- A personal or animal velar has a type of its own, with the genitive and accusative in ''-a'' (''ptaka''). animate_types = { velar = "animate_velar" }, -- How the first letter of an ending is written after a hardened consonant (''ï'' as ''y''). hardened_spelling = { ["ï"] = "y" }, soft = { ["ć"] = true, ["ń"] = true, ["ś"] = true, ["ź"] = true, ["dź"] = true, j = true, l = true }, velar = { k = true, g = true, ch = true }, mazurated = { s = true, z = true, c = true, dz = true }, -- The consonants after which an adjective has ''-ï'' for ''-y'' (''głupśï''). adjective_soft = { ["ś"] = true, ["ź"] = true, ["ć"] = true, ["dź"] = true, ["ń"] = true, j = true }, clear = { ["ó"] = "o", ["é"] = "e", ["å"] = "a", ["ą"] = "ę̈" }, clear_before_nasal = { ["ó"] = "a" }, nasals = { m = true, n = true, ["ń"] = true }, nouns = { m = { hard = { nom_p = "y", gen_s = "a", gen_p = "ów", dat_s = "oźu", dat_p = "óm", acc_s = "a", ins_s = "ëm", ins_p = "ańï", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = "ach", }, velar = { nom_p = "y", gen_s = "u", gen_p = "ów", dat_s = "oźu", dat_p = "óm", acc_s = "a", ins_s = "ëm", ins_p = "ańï", loc_s = "u", loc_p = "ach", }, -- A personal or animal velar takes the genitive (and accusative) in ''-a'' (''ptaka''). animate_velar = { nom_p = "y", gen_s = "a", gen_p = "ów", dat_s = "oźu", dat_p = "óm", acc_s = "a", ins_s = "ëm", ins_p = "ańï", loc_s = "u", loc_p = "ach", }, soft = { nom_p = "e", gen_s = "a", gen_p = "ów", dat_s = "oźu", dat_p = "óm", acc_s = "a", ins_s = "ëm", ins_p = "ańï", loc_s = "u", loc_p = "ach", }, }, f = { hard = { nom_p = "y", gen_s = "y", gen_p = "ów", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, dat_p = "óm", acc_s = "ë", ins_s = "ó", ins_p = "ańï", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = "ach", voc_s = "o", }, soft = { nom_p = "e", gen_s = "ï", gen_p = "ów", dat_s = "ï", dat_p = "óm", acc_s = "ë", ins_s = "ó", ins_p = "ańï", loc_s = "ï", loc_p = "ach", voc_s = "o", }, hard_consonant = { nom_p = "e", gen_s = "y", gen_p = "ów", dat_s = "y", dat_p = "óm", acc_s = "", ins_s = "ó", ins_p = "ańï", loc_s = "y", loc_p = "ach", voc_s = "y", }, soft_consonant = { nom_p = "e", gen_s = "ï", gen_p = "ów", dat_s = "ï", dat_p = "óm", acc_s = "", ins_s = "ó", ins_p = "ańï", loc_s = "ï", loc_p = "ach", voc_s = "ï", }, }, n = { hard = { nom_p = "a", gen_s = "a", gen_p = "ów", dat_s = "oźu", dat_p = "óm", ins_s = "ëm", ins_p = "ańï", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = "ach", }, velar = { nom_p = "a", gen_s = "a", gen_p = "ów", dat_s = "oźu", dat_p = "óm", ins_s = "ëm", ins_p = "ańï", loc_s = "u", loc_p = "ach", }, soft = { nom_p = "a", gen_s = "å", gen_p = "ów", dat_s = "u", dat_p = "óm", ins_s = "ëm", ins_p = "ańï", loc_s = "u", loc_p = "ach", }, hardened = { nom_p = "a", gen_s = "a", gen_p = "ów", dat_s = "oźu", dat_p = "óm", ins_s = "ëm", ins_p = "ańï", loc_s = "u", loc_p = "ach", }, nasal = { nom_p = "óna", gen_s = "ëńå", gen_p = "ónów", dat_s = "ëńu", dat_p = "ónóm", ins_s = "ëńëm", ins_p = "ónańï", loc_s = "ëńu", loc_p = "ónach", }, latinate = { nom_p = "a", gen_s = "um", gen_p = "ów", dat_s = "um", dat_p = "óm", ins_s = "um", ins_p = "ańï", loc_s = "um", loc_p = "ach", }, }, }, copies = { m = { voc_s = "loc_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, f = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, n = { acc_s = "nom_s", voc_s = "nom_s", acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, }, animate_copies = { pr = { acc_p = "gen_p" }, anml = { acc_p = "nom_p" }, inan = { acc_s = "nom_s", acc_p = "nom_p" }, }, -- The other slots are shared as in the standard tables (e.g. the dative and locative feminine come from the -- genitive), and the plural has one nominative for both genders. adjective = { nom_n = "e", nom_f = "å", nom_mp_pers = "e", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "e", gen_mn = "égo", gen_f = "éj", gen_p = "éch", dat_mn = "ëmu", dat_p = "ëm", acc_f = "ó", ins_mn = "ëm", ins_p = "ëńï", }, } -- The rule gender of each gender and animacy of a call. data.rule_gender = { m = { pr = "m-pr", anml = "m-anml", inan = "m-in" }, f = "f", n = "n", } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Lexicon -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- The slots of a noun in the order the lexicon lists them in. data.slot_order = { "nom_s", "gen_s", "dat_s", "acc_s", "ins_s", "loc_s", "voc_s", "nom_p", "gen_p", "dat_p", "acc_p", "ins_p", "loc_p", "voc_p", } -- The irregular nouns of `<irreg>`, by lemma, with their gender and animacy and every form, in `slot_order`. data.irregular_nouns = { ["brat"] = { gender = "m", animacy = "pr", "brat", "brata", "bratu", "brata", "bratem", "bracie", "bracie", "bracia", "braci", "braciom", "braci", "braćmi", "braciach", "bracia", }, ["dziecko"] = { gender = "n", "dziecko", "dziecka", "dziecku", "dziecko", "dzieckiem", "dziecku", "dziecko", "dzieci", "dzieci", "dzieciom", "dzieci", "dziećmi", "dzieciach", "dzieci", }, ["ksiądz"] = { gender = "m", animacy = "pr", "ksiądz", "księdza", "księdzu", "księdza", "księdzem", "księdzu", "księże", "księża", "księży", "księżom", "księży", "księżmi", "księżach", "księża", }, ["książę"] = { gender = "m", animacy = "pr", "książę", "księcia", "księciu", "księcia", "księciem", "księciu", "książę", "książęta", "książąt", "książętom", "książąt", "książętami", "książętach", "książęta", }, ["rok"] = { gender = "m", animacy = "inan", "rok", "roku", "rokowi", "rok", "rokiem", "roku", "roku", "lata", "lat", "latom", "lata", "latami", "latach", "lata", }, ["arcyksiążę"] = { gender = "m", animacy = "pr", "arcyksiążę", "arcyksięcia", "arcyksięciu", "arcyksięcia", "arcyksięciem", "arcyksięciu", "arcyksiążę", "arcyksiążęta", "arcyksiążąt", "arcyksiążętom", "arcyksiążąt", "arcyksiążętami", "arcyksiążętach", "arcyksiążęta", }, } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Pronouns, numerals and noun rules -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --[==[ The pronouns of `<pron>`, by lemma, with the numbers of the table (`numberless` for ''siebie'') and the forms of each slot, each a string or `{ form, notes = { KEY... } }` with keys of `notes`. A pronoun made of one of these plus an ending in `pronoun_suffixes` (e.g. ''cośkolwiek'') declines like the pronoun, with the ending after every form. ]==] data.pronouns = { ["co"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "co" }, gen_s = { "czego", { "co", notes = { "rare" } } }, dat_s = { "czemu" }, acc_s = { "co" }, ins_s = { "czym" }, loc_s = { "czym" }, }, ["cokolwiek"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "cokolwiek" }, gen_s = { "czegokolwiek", { "cokolwiek", notes = { "rare" } } }, dat_s = { "czemukolwiek" }, acc_s = { "cokolwiek" }, ins_s = { "czymkolwiek" }, loc_s = { "czymkolwiek" }, }, ["coś"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "coś" }, gen_s = { "czegoś", { "coś", notes = { "rare" } } }, dat_s = { "czemuś" }, acc_s = { "coś" }, ins_s = { "czymś" }, loc_s = { "czymś" }, }, ["cóż"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "cóż" }, gen_s = { "czegoż", "czegóż", { "cóż", notes = { "rare" } } }, dat_s = { "czemuż" }, acc_s = { "cóż" }, ins_s = { "czymże" }, loc_s = { "czymże" }, }, ["ja"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "ja" }, gen_s = { "mnie", { "mię", notes = { "unstressed", "rare" } } }, dat_s = { "mnie", { "mi", notes = { "unstressed" } } }, acc_s = { "mnie", { "mię", notes = { "unstressed", "rare" } } }, ins_s = { "mną" }, loc_s = { "mnie" }, }, ["kto"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "kto" }, gen_s = { "kogo" }, dat_s = { "komu" }, acc_s = { "kogo" }, ins_s = { "kim" }, loc_s = { "kim" }, }, ["ktokolwiek"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "ktokolwiek" }, gen_s = { "kogokolwiek" }, dat_s = { "komukolwiek" }, acc_s = { "kogokolwiek" }, ins_s = { "kimkolwiek" }, loc_s = { "kimkolwiek" }, }, ["ktoś"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "ktoś" }, gen_s = { "kogoś" }, dat_s = { "komuś" }, acc_s = { "kogoś" }, ins_s = { "kimś" }, loc_s = { "kimś" }, }, ["któż"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "któż" }, gen_s = { "kogoż", "kogóż" }, dat_s = { "komuż" }, acc_s = { "kogoż", "kogóż" }, ins_s = { "kimże" }, loc_s = { "kimże" }, }, ["my"] = { numbers = { "p" }, nom_p = { "my" }, gen_p = { "nas" }, dat_p = { "nam" }, acc_p = { "nas" }, ins_p = { "nami" }, loc_p = { "nas" }, voc_p = { "my" }, }, ["nic"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "nic" }, gen_s = { "nic", "niczego" }, dat_s = { "niczemu" }, acc_s = { "nic" }, ins_s = { "niczym" }, loc_s = { "niczym" }, }, ["nikt"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "nikt" }, gen_s = { "nikogo" }, dat_s = { "nikomu" }, acc_s = { "nikogo" }, ins_s = { "nikim" }, loc_s = { "nikim" }, }, ["on"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "on" }, gen_s = { "jego", { "go", notes = { "unstressed" } }, { "niego", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, dat_s = { "jemu", { "mu", notes = { "unstressed" } }, { "niemu", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, acc_s = { "jego", { "go", notes = { "unstressed" } }, { "niego", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, ins_s = { "nim" }, loc_s = { "nim" }, }, ["ona"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "ona" }, gen_s = { "jej", { "niej", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, dat_s = { "jej", { "niej", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, acc_s = { "ją", { "nią", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, ins_s = { "nią" }, loc_s = { "niej" }, }, ["one"] = { numbers = { "p" }, nom_p = { "one" }, gen_p = { "ich", { "nich", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, dat_p = { "im", { "nim", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, acc_p = { "je", { "nie", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, ins_p = { "nimi" }, loc_p = { "nich" }, }, ["oni"] = { numbers = { "p" }, nom_p = { "oni" }, gen_p = { "ich", { "nich", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, dat_p = { "im", { "nim", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, acc_p = { "ich", { "nich", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, ins_p = { "nimi" }, loc_p = { "nich" }, }, ["ono"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "ono" }, gen_s = { "jego", { "go", notes = { "unstressed" } }, { "niego", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, dat_s = { "jemu", { "mu", notes = { "unstressed" } }, { "niemu", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, acc_s = { "je", { "nie", notes = { "after_preposition" } } }, ins_s = { "nim" }, loc_s = { "nim" }, }, ["siebie"] = { numbers = { "s" }, numberless = true, gen_s = { "siebie", "się" }, dat_s = { "sobie", "se" }, acc_s = { "siebie", "się" }, ins_s = { "sobą" }, loc_s = { "sobie", "se" }, }, ["ty"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "ty" }, gen_s = { "ciebie", { "cię", notes = { "unstressed" } } }, dat_s = { "tobie", { "ci", notes = { "unstressed" } } }, acc_s = { "ciebie", { "cię", notes = { "unstressed" } } }, ins_s = { "tobą" }, loc_s = { "tobie" }, voc_s = { "ty", { "te", notes = { "proscribed", "colloquial" } } }, }, ["wszystko"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "wszystko" }, gen_s = { "wszystkiego" }, dat_s = { "wszystkiemu" }, acc_s = { "wszystko" }, ins_s = { "wszystkim" }, loc_s = { "wszystkim" }, }, ["wy"] = { numbers = { "p" }, nom_p = { "wy" }, gen_p = { "was" }, dat_p = { "wam" }, acc_p = { "was" }, ins_p = { "wami" }, loc_p = { "was" }, voc_p = { "wy" }, }, } data.pronoun_suffixes = { "śkolwiek", "kolwiek", "ś" } --[==[ The numerals of `<num>`, by the end of their lemma (the longest one a lemma ends in applies). `numeral_rules` has the cardinals of {{tl|pl-adecl}} (''pięć'', ''trzy'', ''-naście'', ''-set''), with a virile and a non-virile column in the slots of `adjective_slots`, and `collective_rules` has the collectives of {{tl|pl-ndecl}} (''pięcioro'', ''dwoje''), in the plural slots of a noun. Each slot has the endings that follow the lemma minus its key, as in `noun_groups`, and the comment on each rule names the numerals it was made from. ]==] data.numeral_rules = { ["a"] = { -- kilka nom_mp_pers = "u", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "a", gen_p = "u", dat_p = "u", acc_mp_pers = "u", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "a", ins_p = { "oma", "u" }, loc_p = "u", }, ["adziesiąt"] = { -- kilkadziesiąt nom_mp_pers = { "udziesięciu", { "udziesiąt", note = "dated" } }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = "adziesiąt", gen_p = { "udziesięciu", { "udziesiąt", note = "dated" } }, dat_p = { "udziesięciu", { "udziesiąt", note = "dated" } }, acc_mp_pers = { "udziesięciu", { "udziesiąt", note = "dated" } }, acc_p_not_mp_pers = "adziesiąt", ins_p = { "udziesięcioma", "udziesięciu", { "udziesiąt", note = "dated" } }, loc_p = { "udziesięciu", { "udziesiąt", note = "dated" } }, }, ["adzieścia"] = { -- dwadzieścia nom_mp_pers = "udziestu", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "adzieścia", gen_p = "udziestu", dat_p = "udziestu", acc_mp_pers = "udziestu", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "adzieścia", ins_p = { "udziestoma", "udziestu" }, loc_p = "udziestu", }, ["akroć"] = { -- dwakroć nom_mp_pers = "ukroć", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "akroć", gen_p = "ukroć", dat_p = "ukroć", acc_mp_pers = "ukroć", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "akroć", ins_p = { "ukroć", { "omakroć", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "ukroć", }, ["anaście"] = { -- dwanaście, kilkanaście nom_mp_pers = "unastu", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "anaście", gen_p = "unastu", dat_p = "unastu", acc_mp_pers = "unastu", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "anaście", ins_p = { "unastoma", "unastu" }, loc_p = "unastu", }, ["aset"] = { -- kilkaset nom_mp_pers = "uset", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "aset", gen_p = "uset", dat_p = "uset", acc_mp_pers = "uset", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "aset", ins_p = { "uset", { "omaset", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "uset", }, ["edziesiąt"] = { -- wieledziesiąt nom_mp_pers = "udziesięciu", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "edziesiąt", gen_p = "udziesięciu", dat_p = "udziesięciu", acc_mp_pers = "udziesięciu", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "edziesiąt", ins_p = { "udziesięciu", { "udziesięcioma", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "udziesięciu", }, ["ekolwiek"] = { -- ilekolwiek nom_mp_pers = "ukolwiek", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ekolwiek", gen_p = "ukolwiek", dat_p = "ukolwiek", acc_mp_pers = "ukolwiek", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ekolwiek", ins_p = { "ukolwiek", { "omakolwiek", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "ukolwiek", }, ["ele"] = { -- niewiele, wiele nom_mp_pers = { "elu", { "ela", note = "dated" } }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ele", gen_p = { "elu", { "ela", note = "dated" } }, dat_p = { "elu", { "ela", note = "dated" } }, acc_mp_pers = { "elu", { "ela", note = "dated" } }, acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ele", ins_p = { "eloma", "elu", { "ela", note = "dated" }, { "elą", note = "dated" } }, loc_p = { "elu", { "ela", note = "dated" } }, }, ["em"] = { -- siedem nom_mp_pers = "miu", nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "em", { "m", note = "dated" } }, gen_p = "miu", dat_p = "miu", acc_mp_pers = "miu", acc_p_not_mp_pers = { "em", { "m", note = "dated" } }, ins_p = { "mioma", "miu" }, loc_p = "miu", }, ["emkroć"] = { -- siedemkroć nom_mp_pers = "miukroć", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "emkroć", gen_p = "miukroć", dat_p = "miukroć", acc_mp_pers = "miukroć", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "emkroć", ins_p = { "miukroć", { "miomakroć", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "miukroć", }, ["emset"] = { -- siedemset nom_mp_pers = "miuset", nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "emset", { "mset", note = "dated" } }, gen_p = "miuset", dat_p = "miuset", acc_mp_pers = "miuset", acc_p_not_mp_pers = { "emset", { "mset", note = "dated" } }, ins_p = { "miuset", { "miomaset", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "miuset", }, ["eset"] = { -- wieleset nom_mp_pers = "uset", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "eset", gen_p = "uset", dat_p = "uset", acc_mp_pers = "uset", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "eset", ins_p = { "uset", { "omaset", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "uset", }, ["eś"] = { -- ileś nom_mp_pers = "uś", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "eś", gen_p = "uś", dat_p = "uś", acc_mp_pers = "uś", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "eś", ins_p = { "uś", { "omaś", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "uś", }, ["eż"] = { -- ileż, tyleż, wieleż nom_mp_pers = "uż", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "eż", gen_p = "uż", dat_p = "uż", acc_mp_pers = "uż", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "eż", ins_p = { "uż", { "omaż", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "uż", }, ["ieście"] = { -- dwieście nom_mp_pers = { "ustu", { "uset", note = "dated" }, { "óchset", note = "dated" } }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ieście", gen_p = { "ustu", { "uset", note = "dated" }, { "óchset", note = "dated" } }, dat_p = "ustu", acc_mp_pers = { "ustu", { "uset", note = "dated" }, { "óchset", note = "dated" } }, acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ieście", ins_p = { "ustu", { "omaset", note = "rare" }, { "ustoma", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = { "ustu", { "uset", note = "dated" }, { "óchset", note = "dated" } }, }, ["ile"] = { -- ile nom_mp_pers = "ilu", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ile", gen_p = "ilu", dat_p = "ilu", acc_mp_pers = "ilu", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ile", ins_p = { "iloma", "ilu" }, loc_p = "ilu", }, ["mset"] = { -- siedmset nom_mp_pers = "miuset", nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "emset", "mset" }, gen_p = "miuset", dat_p = "miuset", acc_mp_pers = "miuset", acc_p_not_mp_pers = { "emset", "mset" }, ins_p = { "miuset", { "miomaset", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "miuset", }, ["o"] = { -- sto nom_mp_pers = "u", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "o", gen_p = "u", dat_p = "u", acc_mp_pers = "u", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "o", ins_p = { "u", { "oma", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "u", }, ["siem"] = { -- osiem nom_mp_pers = "śmiu", nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "siem", { "śm", note = "dated" } }, gen_p = "śmiu", dat_p = "śmiu", acc_mp_pers = "śmiu", acc_p_not_mp_pers = { "siem", { "śm", note = "dated" } }, ins_p = { "śmioma", "śmiu" }, loc_p = "śmiu", }, ["siemkroć"] = { -- osiemkroć nom_mp_pers = "śmiukroć", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "siemkroć", gen_p = "śmiukroć", dat_p = "śmiukroć", acc_mp_pers = "śmiukroć", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "siemkroć", ins_p = { "śmiukroć", { "śmiomakroć", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "śmiukroć", }, ["siemset"] = { -- osiemset nom_mp_pers = "śmiuset", nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "siemset", { "śmset", note = "dated" } }, gen_p = "śmiuset", dat_p = "śmiuset", acc_mp_pers = "śmiuset", acc_p_not_mp_pers = { "siemset", { "śmset", note = "dated" } }, ins_p = { "śmiuset", { "śmiomaset", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "śmiuset", }, ["y"] = { -- cztery, trzy nom_mp_pers = { "ech", "ej" }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = "y", gen_p = "ech", dat_p = "em", acc_mp_pers = "ech", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "y", ins_p = "ema", loc_p = "ech", }, ["ykroć"] = { -- trzykroć nom_mp_pers = "echkroć", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ykroć", gen_p = "echkroć", dat_p = "echkroć", acc_mp_pers = "echkroć", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ykroć", ins_p = { "echkroć", { "emakroć", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "echkroć", }, ["yle"] = { -- tyle nom_mp_pers = { "ylu", { "yla", note = "dated" } }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = "yle", gen_p = { "ylu", { "yla", note = "dated" } }, dat_p = { "ylu", { "yla", note = "dated" } }, acc_mp_pers = { "ylu", { "yla", note = "dated" } }, acc_p_not_mp_pers = "yle", ins_p = { "yloma", "ylu", { "yla", note = "dated" }, { "ylą", note = "dated" } }, loc_p = { "ylu", { "yla", note = "dated" } }, }, ["ysta"] = { -- czterysta, trzysta nom_mp_pers = { "ystu", { "echset", note = "rare" } }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ysta", gen_p = { "ystu", { "echset", note = "rare" } }, dat_p = "ystu", acc_mp_pers = { "ystu", { "echset", note = "rare" } }, acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ysta", ins_p = { "ystu", { "ystoma", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = { "ystu", { "echset", note = "rare" } }, }, ["ąt"] = { -- dziewięćdziesiąt, osiemdziesiąt, ośmdziesiąt, pięćdziesiąt, siedemdziesiąt, siedmdziesiąt, sześćdziesiąt nom_mp_pers = "ęciu", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ąt", gen_p = "ęciu", dat_p = "ęciu", acc_mp_pers = "ęciu", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ąt", ins_p = { "ęcioma", "ęciu" }, loc_p = "ęciu", }, ["ć"] = { -- dziesięć, dziewięć, pięć, sześć nom_mp_pers = "ciu", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ć", gen_p = "ciu", dat_p = "ciu", acc_mp_pers = "ciu", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ć", ins_p = { "cioma", "ciu" }, loc_p = "ciu", }, ["ćkroć"] = { -- pięćkroć nom_mp_pers = "ciukroć", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ćkroć", gen_p = "ciukroć", dat_p = "ciukroć", acc_mp_pers = "ciukroć", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ćkroć", ins_p = { "ciukroć", { "ciomakroć", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "ciukroć", }, ["ćset"] = { -- dziewięćset, pięćset, sześćset nom_mp_pers = "ciuset", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ćset", gen_p = "ciuset", dat_p = "ciuset", acc_mp_pers = "ciuset", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ćset", ins_p = { "ciuset", { "ciomaset", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "ciuset", }, ["ę"] = { -- parę nom_mp_pers = "u", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ę", gen_p = "u", dat_p = "u", acc_mp_pers = "u", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ę", ins_p = { "oma", "u" }, loc_p = "u", }, ["ędziesiąt"] = { -- parędziesiąt nom_mp_pers = "udziesięciu", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ędziesiąt", gen_p = "udziesięciu", dat_p = "udziesięciu", acc_mp_pers = "udziesięciu", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ędziesiąt", ins_p = { "udziesięciu", { "udziesięcioma", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "udziesięciu", }, ["ęnaście"] = { -- paręnaście nom_mp_pers = "unastu", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ęnaście", gen_p = "unastu", dat_p = "unastu", acc_mp_pers = "unastu", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ęnaście", ins_p = { "unastoma", "unastu" }, loc_p = "unastu", }, ["ęset"] = { -- paręset nom_mp_pers = "uset", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ęset", gen_p = "uset", dat_p = "uset", acc_mp_pers = "uset", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ęset", ins_p = { "uset", { "omaset", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "uset", }, ["ści"] = { -- czterdzieści, trzydzieści nom_mp_pers = "stu", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ści", gen_p = "stu", dat_p = "stu", acc_mp_pers = "stu", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ści", ins_p = { "stoma", "stu" }, loc_p = "stu", }, ["ście"] = { -- czternaście, dziewiętnaście, jedenaście, naście, osiemnaście, ośmnaście, piętnaście, siedemnaście, siedmnaście, szesnaście, trzynaście nom_mp_pers = "stu", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ście", gen_p = "stu", dat_p = "stu", acc_mp_pers = "stu", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "ście", ins_p = { "stoma", "stu" }, loc_p = "stu", }, ["śmset"] = { -- ośmset nom_mp_pers = "śmiuset", nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "siemset", "śmset" }, gen_p = "śmiuset", dat_p = "śmiuset", acc_mp_pers = "śmiuset", acc_p_not_mp_pers = { "siemset", "śmset" }, ins_p = { "śmiuset", { "śmiomaset", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = "śmiuset", }, } data.collective_rules = { ["e"] = { -- dwoje, oboje, obydwoje, obydwoje, troje nom_p = "e", gen_p = "ga", dat_p = "gu", acc_p = "e", ins_p = "giem", loc_p = "gu", voc_p = "e", }, ["o"] = { -- czterdzieścioro, czternaścioro, czworo, dwadzieścioro, dwanaścioro, dziesięcioro, dziewiętnaścioro, dziewięcioro, dziewięćdziesięcioro, jedenaścioro, kilkoro, kilkadziesięcioro, kilkanaścioro, naścioro, ośmioro, osiemdziesięcioro, osiemnaścioro, ośmdziesięcioro, ośmnaścioro, piętnaścioro, pięcioro, pięćdziesięcioro, siedmioro, siedemdziesięcioro, siedemnaścioro, siedmdziesięcioro, siedmnaścioro, szesnaścioro, sześcioro, sześćdziesięcioro, trzydzieścioro, trzynaścioro nom_p = "o", gen_p = "ga", dat_p = "gu", acc_p = "o", ins_p = "giem", loc_p = "gu", voc_p = "o", }, } --[==[ The noun groups, keyed `GENDER KIND NUMBER NOMINATIVE` (e.g. `m-pr common sg `, `f common sg a`, `n place pl y`): * `copies`: the slots that take the forms of another slot (e.g. `acc_s = "gen_s"`). * `rules`: the forms of each slot, by the ending of the stem (`""` is the default). A slot's forms are an ending (a string) or a list of endings, and an ending given as a table can name a `stem` alternation and a `note`. ]==] data.noun_groups = { ["f common sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", dat_s = "gen_s", gen_p = "gen_s", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", depr_p = {}, gen_s = { "", stem = "soft" }, ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "ą", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["A"] = { dat_p = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "" }, ["D"] = { dat_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["M"] = { dat_p = { "", "-om" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" } }, ["V"] = { dat_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["b"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "ą", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["c"] = { gen_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["e"] = { dat_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["edź"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["g"] = { dat_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["j"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["k"] = { dat_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["l"] = { gen_s = "i", nom_p = "e" }, ["n"] = { dat_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["nt"] = { gen_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["o"] = { dat_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["oć"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["r"] = { dat_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["rś"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["s"] = { dat_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["t"] = { dat_p = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "" }, ["tać"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "e" } }, ["u"] = { dat_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["w"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, ins_s = { "ą", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" } }, ["y"] = { dat_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["z"] = { gen_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["é"] = { dat_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["ódź"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "shortened+soft" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "ą", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ól"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "i", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "ą", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ąż"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "y", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "ą", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ęś"] = { ins_p = { "ami", "mi" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["ń"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["ś"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["ź"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["ż"] = { gen_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, }, }, ["f common sg a"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = {}, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "ą", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["acz"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["aj"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ak"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["all"] = { gen_p = { "", "i" } }, ["ani"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i" }, ["ans"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["arł"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["ast"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["awn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["b"] = { gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "y" }, ["bi"] = { gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } } }, ["bl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["bn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e" }, ["bni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["bol"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["bow"] = { voc_s = "a" }, ["c"] = { dat_s = "y", gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["ci"] = { dat_s = "", gen_p = { "", { "", stem = "final_soft" } }, gen_s = "", voc_s = "u" }, ["cn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e" }, ["cni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["cow"] = { voc_s = "a" }, ["cz"] = { dat_s = "y", gen_p = { "", "y" }, nom_p = "e" }, ["czi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i" }, ["czm"] = { dat_s = "ie" }, ["czn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["d"] = { gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "y" }, ["di"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["dl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["dn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["dni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["dow"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" }, gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y" }, ["dz"] = { dat_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["dł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["dż"] = { gen_p = { "", "y" } }, ["e"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", nom_p = "e" }, ["ebn"] = { voc_s = "a" }, ["ecn"] = { voc_s = "a" }, ["ecz"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["ej"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ek"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["eni"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i" }, ["eśn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["f"] = { gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "y" }, ["fi"] = { gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } } }, ["fl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["g"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["gi"] = { gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } } }, ["gl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["gni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["gog"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["gł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["h"] = { gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "y" }, ["hi"] = { gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } } }, ["hl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["hn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["hni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["how"] = { voc_s = "a" }, ["hł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["i"] = { dat_s = "i", nom_p = "e" }, ["ij"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ik"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ini"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i" }, ["iod"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ion"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["izd"] = { dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["izi"] = { voc_s = "u" }, ["j"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", nom_p = "e" }, ["jni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["jog"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["jom"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["ki"] = { gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } } }, ["kk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["kl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["kni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ksz"] = { gen_p = { "", "y" } }, ["kł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["l"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "", "i" }, nom_p = "e" }, ["li"] = { gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } } }, ["ll"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["ln"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["lni"] = { gen_p = { "", { "", stem = "final_soft" } } }, ["lsk"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "im", dat_s = "iej", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "iej", ins_p = "imi", loc_p = "ich", nom_p = "ie", voc_s = "a" }, ["lsz"] = { gen_p = { "", "y" } }, ["m"] = { gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "y" }, ["mi"] = { gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } } }, ["ml"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["mow"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" }, gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y" }, ["msz"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["n"] = { gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "y" }, ["nan"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["ni"] = { dat_s = "", gen_s = "" }, ["nni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["nod"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["o"] = { dat_s = "a", gen_p = "a", gen_s = "a", nom_p = "a" }, ["od"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["og"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["oj"] = { dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "", gen_s = "ej" }, ["ok"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["omn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["oni"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i" }, ["osz"] = { gen_p = { "", "y" } }, ["otw"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["ow"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e" }, ["oł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["oźb"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["oźn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e" }, ["p"] = { gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "y" }, ["pi"] = { gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } } }, ["pl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["pn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["pow"] = { voc_s = "a" }, ["r"] = { gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "y" }, ["raż"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["ri"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["rl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["rni"] = { gen_p = { "", { "", stem = "final_soft" } } }, ["rol"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["rz"] = { dat_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["rzn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["rąż"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", voc_s = "a" }, ["rł"] = { gen_p = "ych" }, ["s"] = { gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "y" }, ["sc"] = { dat_s = "e", gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["si"] = { dat_s = "", gen_p = { { "", stem = "final_soft" }, { "", note = "rare" } }, gen_s = "", voc_s = "u" }, ["skr"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["sl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["sm"] = { dat_s = "ie" }, ["sn"] = { gen_p = "ych" }, ["sz"] = { dat_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["szw"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["sł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["t"] = { gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "y" }, ["tel"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["ti"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["tl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["tn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["tni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["tod"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["tł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["u"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = { "i", "y" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["uj"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["uk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["uni"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "final_soft" }, { "", note = "rare" } }, voc_s = "u" }, ["uzd"] = { dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["w"] = { gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "y" }, ["wan"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["wi"] = { gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } } }, ["wl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["wn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["wni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["wol"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["wor"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["wsk"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "im", dat_s = "iej", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "iej", ins_p = "imi", loc_p = "ich", nom_p = "ie", voc_s = "a" }, ["yj"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["yk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["yni"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "final_soft" } }, ["z"] = { gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "y" }, ["zd"] = { dat_s = { "e", stem = "fronted+palatal" } }, ["zdr"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["zi"] = { dat_s = "", gen_p = { "", { "", stem = "final_soft" } }, gen_s = "" }, ["zl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["zm"] = { dat_s = { "ie", { "e", stem = "palatal", note = "proscribed" } } }, ["zni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["zon"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["zz"] = { dat_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["ój"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ók"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ąc"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", voc_s = "a" }, ["ąk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ąt"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["ęcz"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ęk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ępi"] = { dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "" }, ["ęż"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["ł"] = { gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "y" }, ["łbi"] = { dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "" }, ["łob"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["ńsk"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "im", dat_s = "iej", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "iej", ins_p = "imi", loc_p = "ich", nom_p = "ie", voc_s = "a" }, ["ści"] = { voc_s = { "o", "u" } }, ["śni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["źn"] = { gen_p = "ych" }, ["źni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ż"] = { dat_s = "y", gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["żi"] = { gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } } }, ["żn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["żni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["żon"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, }, }, ["f common sg i"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", dat_s = "gen_s", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = { "ę", stem = "palatal" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "i", gen_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "ą", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["an"] = { acc_s = { "ą", stem = "palatal" } }, ["can"] = { acc_s = { "ę", stem = "palatal" } }, ["on"] = { acc_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, dat_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["r"] = { acc_s = "i", dat_p = "i", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "i", ins_s = "i", loc_p = "i", nom_p = "i" }, ["san"] = { acc_s = { "ę", stem = "palatal" } }, ["t"] = { acc_s = "i", dat_p = "i", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "i", ins_s = "i", loc_p = "i", nom_p = "i" }, }, }, ["f given sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "", dat_p = "", dat_s = "", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "", voc_s = "" }, }, }, ["f given sg a"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "ą", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["aj"] = { gen_p = "", voc_s = { "o", "u" } }, ["ak"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["bi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["c"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["ci"] = { gen_p = { "", { "", stem = "final_soft" } } }, ["di"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["e"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i", nom_p = "e" }, ["fi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["g"] = { gen_s = "i", nom_p = "i" }, ["gi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["i"] = { dat_s = "", gen_p = { { "", stem = "final_soft" }, { "", note = "rare" } }, gen_s = "", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "u" }, ["ik"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["j"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i", nom_p = "e" }, ["k"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", nom_p = "i" }, ["ki"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["l"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "", "i" }, gen_s = "i", nom_p = "e", voc_s = { "o", "u" } }, ["li"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["mi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["nc"] = { dat_s = "y" }, ["nul"] = { gen_p = "", voc_s = "u" }, ["pi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["ri"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["sz"] = { dat_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["ti"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["wi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["wł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["yk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["zi"] = { gen_p = { "", { "", stem = "final_soft" } } }, ["ż"] = { dat_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, }, }, ["f given sg i"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "gen_s", dat_s = "gen_s", gen_p = "gen_s", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = {}, gen_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, }, }, ["f place sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", loc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "", stem = "soft" }, depr_p = {}, gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "soft" }, ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "ą", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "e" }, ["D"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["L"] = { dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-i" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, nom_p = { "", "-e" } }, ["ać"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["e"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["eś"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "", stem = "reduced+soft" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "reduced+soft" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "reduced+soft" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "ą", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { { "", stem = "reduced+soft" }, { "e", stem = "reduced" } } }, ["l"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["o"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["s"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["w"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, dat_s = { "", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, ins_s = { "ą", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" } }, ["z"] = { dat_s = "y", gen_p = "y", gen_s = "y" }, ["ść"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["ż"] = { dat_s = "y", gen_p = "y", gen_s = "y" }, }, }, ["f place sg a"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "ą", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "o" }, ["ak"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["al"] = { gen_p = { "", "i" } }, ["ani"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i" }, ["ask"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["asn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["aw"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["awi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i" }, ["b"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["bn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["c"] = { dat_s = "y" }, ["ck"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "im", dat_s = "iej", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "iej", ins_p = "imi", loc_p = "ich", nom_p = "ie", voc_s = "a" }, ["cz"] = { gen_p = { "", "y" } }, ["czn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["d"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["di"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["dn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["dw"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["e"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["ej"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ek"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["el"] = { gen_p = { "", "i" } }, ["eni"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i" }, ["enn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["ew"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["ewn"] = { acc_s = { "ą", "ę" }, dat_p = { "om", "ym" }, dat_s = { "ej", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, gen_p = { "", "ych" }, gen_s = { "ej", "y" }, ins_p = { "ami", "ymi" }, loc_p = { "ach", "ych" }, nom_p = { "e", "y" }, voc_s = { "a", "o" } }, ["ez"] = { dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["eśn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["f"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["g"] = { gen_s = "i", nom_p = "i" }, ["gi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i" }, ["gol"] = { gen_p = { "", "i" } }, ["h"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["i"] = { dat_s = "", gen_s = "" }, ["ibi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i" }, ["iel"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["ik"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ini"] = { gen_p = { "", { "", stem = "final_soft" } } }, ["iw"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["iz"] = { dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["j"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["k"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", nom_p = "i" }, ["kol"] = { gen_p = { "", "i" } }, ["kw"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["l"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["li"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i" }, ["ln"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["lsk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["lw"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["lz"] = { dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["m"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["mbi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i" }, ["mż"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["n"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["ob"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["od"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["odz"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["og"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["ojn"] = { gen_p = "ych" }, ["omn"] = { acc_s = { "ą", "ę" }, dat_p = { "om", "ym" }, dat_s = { "ej", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, gen_p = { "", "ych" }, gen_s = { "ej", "y" }, ins_p = { "ami", "ymi" }, loc_p = { "ach", "ych" }, nom_p = { "e", "y" }, voc_s = { "a", "o" } }, ["oni"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, gen_s = "i" }, ["opn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["osz"] = { gen_p = { "", "y" } }, ["oz"] = { dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["p"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["pcz"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["prz"] = { gen_p = { "", "y" } }, ["r"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["rcz"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ri"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["rni"] = { gen_p = { "", { "", stem = "final_soft" } } }, ["rw"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["rz"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["rł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["s"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["sk"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "im", dat_s = "iej", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "iej", ins_p = "imi", loc_p = "ich", nom_p = "ie", voc_s = "a" }, ["sn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["sol"] = { gen_p = { "", "i" } }, ["szn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["t"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["tcz"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["ti"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["tn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["tok"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["u"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = { "i", "y" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["udz"] = { gen_p = { "", "y" } }, ["uj"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["usk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["uz"] = { dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["w"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", voc_s = "a" }, ["wcz"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["wn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["yj"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["yk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["yni"] = { gen_p = { "", { "", stem = "final_soft" } } }, ["yst"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["z"] = { dat_s = "y" }, ["zi"] = { gen_p = { "", { "", stem = "final_soft" } } }, ["zw"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["ąc"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", voc_s = "a" }, ["ąck"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["ąk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ąsk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["ęcz"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ędz"] = { gen_p = { "", "y" } }, ["ęk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ł"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["źn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["ż"] = { dat_s = "y" }, ["żn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, }, }, ["f place sg i"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "gen_s", dat_s = "gen_s", gen_p = "gen_s", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = {}, gen_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["r"] = { dat_p = "i", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "i", ins_s = "i", loc_p = "i", nom_p = "i" }, }, }, ["f proper sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "", dat_p = "", dat_s = "", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "", voc_s = "" }, ["C"] = { dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-a" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-iem" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-u" }, nom_p = { "", "-i" }, voc_s = { "", "-u" } }, ["EP"] = { dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ie" }, nom_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_s = { "", "-ie" } }, ["F"] = { dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ie" }, nom_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_s = { "", "-ie" } }, ["M"] = { dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ie" }, nom_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_s = { "", "-ie" } }, ["N"] = { dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ie" }, nom_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_s = { "", "-ie" } }, ["OK"] = { dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-iem" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-u" }, nom_p = { "", "-i" }, voc_s = { "", "-u" } }, ["OP"] = { dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ie" }, nom_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_s = { "", "-ie" } }, ["PR"] = { dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ze" }, nom_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_s = { "", "-ze" } }, ["S"] = { dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ie" }, nom_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_s = { "", "-ie" } }, ["Z"] = { dat_p = { "", "-etom" }, dat_s = { "", "-etowi" }, gen_p = { "", "-etów" }, gen_s = { "", "-etu" }, ins_p = { "", "-etami" }, ins_s = { "", "-etem" }, loc_p = { "", "-etach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ecie" }, nom_p = { "", "-ety" }, voc_s = { "", "-ecie" } }, }, }, ["f proper sg a"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "ą", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["c"] = { dat_s = "y", gen_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["d"] = { gen_s = "y" }, ["e"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", nom_p = "e" }, ["g"] = { nom_p = "i" }, ["h"] = { gen_s = "y" }, ["i"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "i", { "j", note = "archaic" } }, nom_p = "e" }, ["j"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["k"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, nom_p = "i" }, ["n"] = { gen_s = "y" }, ["r"] = { gen_s = "y" }, ["ri"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["t"] = { gen_s = "y" }, ["z"] = { gen_s = "y" }, }, }, ["f surname sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "gen_s", dat_s = "gen_s", gen_p = "gen_s", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "", depr_p = {}, gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, }, }, ["f surname sg a"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "im", dat_s = "iej", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "iej", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "ą", loc_p = "ich", nom_p = "ie", voc_s = "a" }, ["adł"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["ajn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["ak"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["an"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["awn"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["azł"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["b"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["bk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["c"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = "y", gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "o" }, ["cz"] = { dat_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["d"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["dk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["dni"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "m", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ch", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "mi", loc_p = "ch", voc_s = "a" }, ["dz"] = { dat_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["dzk"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "im", dat_s = "iej", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "iej", ins_p = "imi", loc_p = "ich", nom_p = "ie", voc_s = "a" }, ["ek"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["en"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["esk"] = { dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i" }, ["f"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["fk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["g"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["gł"] = { acc_s = "ą", gen_s = "ej", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["h"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["hn"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["i"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "o" }, ["ian"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["ik"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["in"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["izn"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["j"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", gen_p = "", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "o" }, ["jew"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["jk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["jn"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["kat"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["l"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = "i", gen_p = { "", "i" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "o" }, ["lan"] = { acc_s = "ą", gen_s = "ej", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["lk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["m"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["mk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["n"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e" }, ["nk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["od"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["ok"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["on"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["osk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["osn"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["ow"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["own"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["p"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["pi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["pk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["r"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["rk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["rz"] = { dat_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["s"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["sm"] = { dat_s = "ie" }, ["sz"] = { dat_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["sł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["t"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["tk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["uk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["un"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["w"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["wan"] = { acc_s = "ą", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "ej", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ej", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "a" }, ["wi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["wk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["wn"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" }, gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["x"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "spelled+palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["y"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "o" }, ["yk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["yn"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["yzm"] = { dat_s = { "ie", { "e", stem = "palatal", note = "proscribed" } } }, ["z"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["zk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["zm"] = { dat_s = "ie" }, ["zł"] = { gen_p = "ych" }, ["ąk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["ćk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["ęk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["ł"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["łk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["łn"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["ńk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["śk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, ["ż"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = "y", gen_p = "", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "o" }, ["żk"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "i", voc_s = "o" }, }, }, ["f surname sg i"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "gen_s", dat_s = "gen_s", gen_p = "gen_s", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "i", depr_p = {}, gen_s = "i", ins_p = "i", ins_s = "i", loc_p = "i", nom_p = "i" }, ["m"] = { dat_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["n"] = { dat_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["s"] = { dat_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["z"] = { dat_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, }, }, ["m-pr common pl "] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = {}, dat_p = {}, dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = {}, gen_s = {}, ins_p = { "m", stem = "fronted" }, ins_s = {}, loc_p = {}, loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_s = {} }, }, }, ["m-pr common pl e"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = {}, dat_p = "om", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = { "dziadków", stem = "irregular" }, gen_s = {}, ins_p = "ami", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "ach", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_s = {} }, }, }, ["m-pr common pl i"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = {}, dat_p = "zym", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "zych", gen_s = {}, ins_p = "zymi", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "zych", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_s = {} }, ["n"] = { dat_p = "ym", gen_p = "ych", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych" }, ["o"] = { dat_p = "im", gen_p = "ich", ins_p = "imi", loc_p = "ich" }, }, }, ["m-pr common pl y"] = { copies = { }, rules = { [""] = { acc_p = "ów", acc_s = {}, dat_p = "om", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = {}, ins_p = "ami", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "ach", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_p = "y", voc_s = {} }, }, }, ["m-pr common sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "y", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ad"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["al"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["ard"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["art"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "y" } }, ["ast"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["az"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["aść"] = { dat_s = { "", stem = "soft" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "soft" }, ins_s = "ą", nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["bel"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" }, voc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" } }, ["bl"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["bp"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["c"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "reduced" }, voc_s = { { "u", stem = "reduced" }, { "ze", stem = "reduced" } } }, ["cel"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { { "i", stem = "reduced" }, { "ów", stem = "reduced" } }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" }, voc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" } }, ["cik"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["cz"] = { gen_p = { "y", "ów" } }, ["dan"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["del"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów", { "i", stem = "reduced" }, { "ów", stem = "reduced" } } }, ["dr"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "y", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["dur"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "y", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["dyw"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["e"] = { dat_p = { "", "m" }, dat_s = { "", "mu" }, depr_p = { "", "s" }, gen_p = { "", "ch" }, gen_s = { "", "go" }, ins_p = { "", "mi" }, ins_s = { "", "m" }, loc_p = { "", "ch" }, loc_s = { "", "m" }, nom_p = { "", "s" }, voc_s = "" }, ["eb"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ek"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, depr_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "reduced" }, voc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" } }, ["ep"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["eus"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["eł"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "reduced" }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" } }, ["eń"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, voc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" } }, ["eś"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" } }, ["f"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["fel"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { { "i", stem = "reduced" }, { "ów", stem = "reduced" } }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" }, voc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" } }, ["g"] = { depr_p = "i", ins_s = "iem", loc_s = "u", nom_p = { { "y", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" }, voc_s = "u" }, ["ger"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "y", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["gol"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["h"] = { loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie", voc_s = "u" }, ["han"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["hot"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["iad"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ib"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ic"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "u" }, ["icz"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["id"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ieć"] = { loc_s = "u", voc_s = "u" }, ["ień"] = { nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["iks"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["il"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["ior"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "y", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["ir"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["iz"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "owie", voc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["j"] = { depr_p = "e", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "u" }, ["jas"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["jk"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["jor"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "y", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["k"] = { depr_p = "i", ins_s = "iem", loc_s = "u", voc_s = "u" }, ["kok"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["kon"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["kup"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["l"] = { depr_p = "e", gen_p = "i", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "u" }, ["lan"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["lar"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "y", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["len"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["leń"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" }, gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", voc_s = "u" }, ["ll"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["lub"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["m"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["mp"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["n"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["nc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "u" }, ["nel"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["ng"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["nin"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "truncated" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "truncated" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "truncated" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "truncated" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "truncated" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "truncated+palatal" } }, ["nuk"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["nuś"] = { nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["ob"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["ont"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["op"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ord"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["oz"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["oń"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" } }, ["pan"] = { dat_s = "u", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["pel"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { { "i", stem = "reduced" }, { "ów", stem = "reduced" } }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" }, voc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" } }, ["pis"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["rab"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["ral"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["rb"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["rel"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["rk"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["rl"] = { gen_p = "ów", nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["ruk"] = { nom_p = { { "y", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["rz"] = { gen_p = { "y", { "ów", note = "rare" } } }, ["s"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["san"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["sik"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["sul"] = { nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["sz"] = { gen_p = { "y", "ów" } }, ["t"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["tr"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "y", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["trz"] = { gen_p = "ów", nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["tur"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["u"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", depr_p = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "", voc_s = "" }, ["uaw"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["uc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "u" }, ["ud"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["ul"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["uz"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["wed"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["wun"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["wój"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "shortened" }, voc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" } }, ["wór"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" } }, ["x"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "spelled" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "spelled" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "spelled" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "spelled" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "spelled" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "spelled" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "spelled" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "spelled" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "spelled+palatal" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "spelled" }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "spelled+palatal" } }, ["y"] = { depr_p = "e", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "u" }, ["yc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "u" }, ["yd"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["yl"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["yr"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["yz"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "owie", voc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["z"] = { depr_p = "e", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "u" }, ["zcz"] = { gen_p = "ów", nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["zes"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["zeń"] = { nom_p = { "owie", stem = "reduced" } }, ["zuk"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["zym"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["é"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", depr_p = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "", voc_s = "" }, ["ób"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { { "", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, { "owie", stem = "shortened" } }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" } }, ["ód"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "shortened" }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" } }, ["ódz"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "shortened" }, voc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" } }, ["óg"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "i", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "shortened" }, voc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ójt"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ól"] = { gen_p = "ów", nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["ór"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ów"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "shortened" }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" } }, ["ół"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" } }, ["ąb"] = { nom_p = { "owie", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ąc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", voc_s = "u" }, ["ć"] = { depr_p = "e", gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" }, loc_s = { "", stem = "soft" }, nom_p = "e", voc_s = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["ę"] = { dat_p = "tom", dat_s = { "ciu", note = "dated" }, depr_p = "ta", gen_p = { "t", stem = "lengthened" }, gen_s = { "cia", note = "dated" }, ins_p = "tami", ins_s = { "ciem", note = "dated" }, loc_p = "tach", loc_s = { "ciu", note = "dated" }, nom_p = "ta", voc_s = "" }, ["ł"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["łuk"] = { nom_p = { { "y", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["łup"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ń"] = { depr_p = "e", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "u" }, ["ś"] = { depr_p = "e", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "u" }, ["ź"] = { depr_p = "e", loc_s = "u", nom_p = { "e", "owie" }, voc_s = "u" }, ["ż"] = { depr_p = "e", gen_p = { "y", "ów" }, loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "u" }, ["żer"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "y", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["żeń"] = { nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, }, }, ["m-pr common sg a"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = "y", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "ą", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = "o" }, ["ak"] = { nom_p = { "y", stem = "palatal" } }, ["b"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["bi"] = { ins_s = { "ą", { "m", note = "dated" } } }, ["c"] = { dat_s = "y", depr_p = "e", nom_p = "y" }, ["d"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ek"] = { nom_p = { "y", stem = "palatal" } }, ["f"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["g"] = { depr_p = "i", gen_s = "i", nom_p = { "y", stem = "palatal" } }, ["h"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["i"] = { acc_s = { "ego", "ę" }, dat_s = { "", "emu" }, depr_p = "e", gen_s = { "", "ego" }, nom_p = "owie" }, ["id"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["j"] = { depr_p = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["k"] = { depr_p = "i", gen_s = "i", nom_p = "owie" }, ["l"] = { dat_s = "i", depr_p = "e", gen_s = "i", nom_p = "e" }, ["m"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ok"] = { nom_p = { "y", stem = "palatal" } }, ["p"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ped"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["r"] = { nom_p = { "y", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ri"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_s = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["rz"] = { dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = "y" }, ["usz"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["uz"] = { dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = "y" }, ["w"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["yd"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["yk"] = { nom_p = { { "y", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["z"] = { dat_s = "y", depr_p = "e", nom_p = "owie" }, ["ór"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ł"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["łk"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, "ów" } }, ["ż"] = { dat_s = "y", depr_p = "e", nom_p = "owie" }, }, }, ["m-pr common sg e"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "e" }, }, }, ["m-pr common sg i"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "iemu", depr_p = "ie", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "iego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = { "y", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ac"] = { nom_p = "i" }, ["as"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" } }, ["bl"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["bol"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["c"] = { nom_p = "iowie" }, ["d"] = { nom_p = "iowie" }, ["dl"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["ec"] = { nom_p = "i" }, ["el"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["eśc"] = { nom_p = "i" }, ["gl"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["hl"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["hol"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["i"] = { dat_s = "jemu", gen_s = "jego" }, ["ic"] = { nom_p = "i" }, ["iol"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["is"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" } }, ["iśc"] = { nom_p = "i" }, ["kal"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["kol"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["nc"] = { nom_p = "i" }, ["ns"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" } }, ["oc"] = { nom_p = "i" }, ["os"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" } }, ["pc"] = { nom_p = "i" }, ["pl"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["ps"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" } }, ["rc"] = { nom_p = "i" }, ["rl"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["s"] = { dat_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["tn"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["u"] = { dat_s = "jemu", gen_s = "jego", nom_p = "i" }, ["uc"] = { nom_p = "i" }, ["ul"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["us"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" } }, ["wl"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["wol"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["y"] = { dat_s = "jemu", gen_s = "jego", nom_p = "i" }, ["yc"] = { nom_p = "i" }, ["yl"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["ys"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" } }, ["zol"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["ęs"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" } }, ["śl"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["źl"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, ["źn"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ż"] = { nom_p = "iowie" }, ["żl"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "i" }, }, }, ["m-pr common sg o"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "a", dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie", voc_s = "u" }, ["d"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = "o" }, ["er"] = { nom_p = "o" }, ["g"] = { depr_p = "i", ins_s = "iem" }, ["gol"] = { acc_s = { "a", "o" }, dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { "o", "owi" }, depr_p = { "e", "o" }, gen_p = { "o", "ów" }, gen_s = { "a", "o" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "em", "o" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { "o", "u" }, nom_p = { "o", "owie" } }, ["h"] = { voc_s = "o" }, ["k"] = { depr_p = "i", ins_s = "iem" }, ["m"] = { voc_s = "o" }, ["ol"] = { voc_s = "o" }, ["p"] = { voc_s = "o" }, ["r"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = "o" }, ["s"] = { voc_s = "o" }, ["z"] = { voc_s = "o" }, ["ł"] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = { "a", "y" }, gen_s = "y", ins_s = "ą", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = "o" }, }, }, ["m-pr common sg y"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", ins_s = "ym", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "ym", nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["acz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["arz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["asz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["aż"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["bcz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["brz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["c"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["drz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["dzn"] = { nom_p = "i" }, ["ecz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["eż"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["h"] = { nom_p = { "i", stem = "virile" } }, ["irz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["lcz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["mcz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["ncz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["ocz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["on"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "fronted+palatal" } }, ["oż"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["pcz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["r"] = { nom_p = { "y", stem = "palatal" } }, ["rcz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["ron"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["rz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["soł"] = { nom_p = { "i", stem = "fronted+palatal" } }, ["sz"] = { nom_p = { "i", stem = "virile" } }, ["tcz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["ucz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["udz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["urz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["usz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["uż"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["ycz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["ydz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["yż"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["z"] = { nom_p = { "owie", "y" } }, ["ącz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["ęcz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["ęż"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["ł"] = { nom_p = { "i", stem = "palatal" } }, ["łcz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["łon"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["łzł"] = { nom_p = { { "i", stem = "virile" }, { "i", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["ńcz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["źcz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["ż"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["żcz"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["żd"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal", note = "rare" } }, }, }, ["m-pr given sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "y", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "owie" }, ["aak"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ad"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["ak"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "i", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u" }, ["c"] = { depr_p = "e", loc_s = "u", nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["ck"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "i", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["der"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" } }, ["dot"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["e"] = { dat_p = "m", dat_s = "mu", depr_p = "", gen_p = "ch", gen_s = "go", ins_p = "mi", ins_s = "m", loc_p = "ch", loc_s = "m", nom_p = "" }, ["eg"] = { nom_p = { { "y", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["ew"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["g"] = { depr_p = "i", ins_s = "iem", loc_s = "u" }, ["h"] = { loc_s = "u" }, ["ier"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ik"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "i", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["j"] = { depr_p = "e", loc_s = "u", nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["jan"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["k"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, depr_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "reduced" } }, ["l"] = { depr_p = "e", loc_s = "u", nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["las"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["lf"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["n"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["op"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["r"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "y", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["ros"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["s"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["ses"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["st"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["t"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["tan"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["u"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", depr_p = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["uk"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "i", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["ur"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["van"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["w"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["wer"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["weł"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "reduced" } }, ["x"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "spelled" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "spelled" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "spelled" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "spelled" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "spelled" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "spelled" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "spelled" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "spelled" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "spelled+palatal" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "spelled" } }, ["yk"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "i", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["yp"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["z"] = { depr_p = "e", loc_s = "u", nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["zor"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["óg"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "i", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ój"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { { "e", stem = "shortened" }, { "owie", stem = "shortened" } } }, ["ąd"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["łk"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "i", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["ś"] = { depr_p = "e", loc_s = "u", nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, }, }, ["m-pr given sg a"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = "y", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "ą", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "owie", voc_s = "o" }, ["l"] = { dat_s = "i", depr_p = "e", gen_s = "i" }, ["sz"] = { dat_s = "y", depr_p = "e" }, ["u"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_s = { "i", "y" } }, }, }, ["m-pr given sg e"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "e" }, }, }, ["m-pr given sg i"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "owie" }, ["n"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "palatal" } }, }, }, ["m-pr given sg o"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie", voc_s = "u" }, ["at"] = { dat_p = "onom", dat_s = "onowi", depr_p = "ony", gen_p = "onów", gen_s = "ona", ins_p = "onami", ins_s = "onem", loc_p = "onach", loc_s = "onie", nom_p = "onowie", voc_s = { "o", "onie" } }, ["c"] = { depr_p = "o", ins_s = "o", voc_s = "o" }, ["d"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = "o" }, ["e"] = { depr_p = { "a", "o" }, loc_s = "o", voc_s = "o" }, ["g"] = { dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { "o", "owi" }, depr_p = { "i", "o" }, gen_p = { "o", "ów" }, gen_s = { "a", "o" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "iem", "o" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { "o", "u" }, nom_p = { "o", "owie" }, voc_s = { "o", "u" } }, ["k"] = { depr_p = "i", ins_s = "iem" }, ["l"] = { voc_s = "o" }, ["n"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = "o" }, ["r"] = { voc_s = "o" }, ["t"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = "o" }, }, }, ["m-pr given sg y"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", ins_s = "ym", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "ym", nom_p = "owie" }, ["rr"] = { dat_s = { "emu", "y'emu" }, depr_p = { "e", "y'e" }, gen_s = { "ego", "y'ego" }, nom_p = { "owie", "y" } }, }, }, ["m-pr proper sg "] = { copies = { acc_s = "gen_s" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_p = "ów", dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "y", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie", voc_p = "owie", voc_s = "u" }, ["ek"] = { acc_p = {}, dat_p = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = {}, ins_p = {}, loc_p = {}, nom_p = {}, voc_p = {}, voc_s = {} }, ["g"] = { depr_p = "i", ins_s = "iem" }, ["k"] = { depr_p = "i", ins_s = "iem" }, ["l"] = { depr_p = "e" }, ["n"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["s"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["sz"] = { nom_p = { "e", "owie" }, voc_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["t"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, voc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["u"] = { depr_p = "", nom_p = "", voc_p = "", voc_s = "" }, ["z"] = { depr_p = "e" }, }, }, ["m-pr proper sg a"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = "y", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "ą", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "owie", voc_s = "o" }, ["g"] = { depr_p = "i", gen_s = "i" }, }, }, ["m-pr proper sg e"] = { copies = { }, rules = { [""] = { acc_p = "e", acc_s = "e", dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e", voc_p = "e", voc_s = "e" }, }, }, ["m-pr proper sg o"] = { copies = { acc_s = "gen_s" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_p = "o", dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", depr_p = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o", voc_p = "o", voc_s = "o" }, }, }, ["m-pr surname sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "y", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["ac"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["acz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ai"] = { dat_s = { "emu", "owi" }, gen_s = { "a", "ego" } }, ["az"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "owie" }, ["b"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["c"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "reduced" } }, ["cu"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", depr_p = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["d"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["dz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["e"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "mu", depr_p = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "go", ins_p = "", ins_s = "m", loc_p = "", loc_s = "m", nom_p = "" }, ["eau"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", depr_p = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", nom_p = "" }, ["ecz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ek"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, depr_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "reduced" } }, ["el"] = { dat_p = { "om", { "om", stem = "reduced" } }, dat_s = { "owi", { "owi", stem = "reduced" } }, depr_p = { "e", { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, gen_p = { "ów", { "ów", stem = "reduced" } }, gen_s = { "a", { "a", stem = "reduced" } }, ins_p = { "ami", { "ami", stem = "reduced" } }, ins_s = { "em", { "em", stem = "reduced" } }, loc_p = { "ach", { "ach", stem = "reduced" } }, loc_s = { "u", { "u", stem = "reduced" } }, nom_p = { "owie", { "owie", stem = "reduced" } } }, ["eu"] = { dat_p = { "", "m" }, dat_s = { "", "mu" }, depr_p = "", gen_p = { "", "ch" }, gen_s = { "", "go" }, ins_p = { "", "mi" }, ins_s = { "", "m" }, loc_p = { "", "ch" }, nom_p = "" }, ["ez"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "owie" }, ["eł"] = { dat_p = { "om", { "om", stem = "reduced" } }, dat_s = { "owi", { "owi", stem = "reduced" } }, depr_p = { "y", { "y", stem = "reduced" } }, gen_p = { "ów", { "ów", stem = "reduced" } }, gen_s = { "a", { "a", stem = "reduced" } }, ins_p = { "ami", { "ami", stem = "reduced" } }, ins_s = { "em", { "em", stem = "reduced" } }, loc_p = { "ach", { "ach", stem = "reduced" } }, loc_s = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" } }, nom_p = { "owie", { "owie", stem = "reduced" } } }, ["f"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["g"] = { depr_p = "i", ins_s = "iem" }, ["gh"] = { depr_p = "i" }, ["i"] = { dat_p = { "m", "om" }, dat_s = "", depr_p = "e", gen_p = { "ch", "ów" }, gen_s = "", ins_p = { "ami", "mi" }, ins_s = { "em", "m" }, loc_p = { "ach", "ch" }, loc_s = { "m", "u" } }, ["ic"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["iel"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["ieu"] = { loc_s = { "", "m" } }, ["ieł"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "y", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "owie" }, ["ii"] = { dat_p = { "", "m" }, depr_p = "", gen_p = { "", "ch" }, ins_p = { "", "mi" }, ins_s = { "", "m" }, loc_p = { "", "ch" }, loc_s = { "", "m" }, nom_p = "" }, ["iz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["j"] = { depr_p = "e" }, ["jc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["k"] = { depr_p = "i", ins_s = "iem" }, ["kój"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "shortened" } }, ["l"] = { depr_p = "e" }, ["lc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["lcz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["lz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["m"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["n"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["nc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["ncz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["nz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["oc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["ocz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["oe"] = { dat_s = "", gen_s = "", ins_s = "", loc_s = "" }, ["oz"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "owie" }, ["p"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["pc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["que"] = { dat_p = "'om", gen_p = "'ów", ins_p = "'ami", loc_p = "'ach", nom_p = "'owie" }, ["r"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["rc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["rcz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["reć"] = { dat_p = { { "om", stem = "reduced" }, "om" }, dat_s = { { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, "owi" }, depr_p = { { "e", stem = "reduced" }, "e" }, gen_p = { { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, "ów" }, gen_s = { { "a", stem = "reduced" }, "a" }, ins_p = { { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, "ami" }, ins_s = { { "em", stem = "reduced" }, "em" }, loc_p = { { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, "ach" }, loc_s = { { "u", stem = "reduced" }, "u" }, nom_p = { { "owie", stem = "reduced" }, "owie" } }, ["rp"] = { dat_p = { { "om", stem = "palatal" }, "om" }, dat_s = { { "owi", stem = "palatal" }, "owi" }, depr_p = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, "y" }, gen_p = { { "ów", stem = "palatal" }, "ów" }, gen_s = { "a", { "a", stem = "palatal" } }, ins_p = { "ami", { "ami", stem = "palatal" } }, ins_s = { "em", { "em", stem = "palatal" } }, loc_p = { "ach", { "ach", stem = "palatal" } }, loc_s = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, { "u", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { { "owie", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["rz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["rót"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "shortened" } }, ["s"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["t"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["tz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["u"] = { dat_p = { "", "om" }, dat_s = { "", "owi" }, depr_p = { "", "y" }, gen_p = { "", "ów" }, gen_s = { "", "a" }, ins_p = { "", "ami" }, ins_s = { "", "em" }, loc_p = { "", "ach" }, loc_s = "", nom_p = { "", "owie" } }, ["uc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["ucz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ue"] = { dat_s = "'owi", gen_s = "'a", loc_s = "'u" }, ["ues"] = { dat_p = "'om", dat_s = "'owi", gen_p = "'ów", gen_s = "'a", ins_p = "'ami", loc_p = "'ach", loc_s = "'u", nom_p = "'owie" }, ["ugh"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", depr_p = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["uz"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "owie" }, ["w"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["wc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["wec"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["x"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", depr_p = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["y"] = { depr_p = "e" }, ["yc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["ycz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["yz"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "owie" }, ["z"] = { depr_p = "e", nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["zcz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ób"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ód"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "shortened" } }, ["óg"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "i", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ój"] = { dat_p = { { "om", stem = "shortened" }, "om" }, dat_s = { { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, "owi" }, depr_p = { { "e", stem = "shortened" }, "e" }, gen_p = { { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, "ów" }, gen_s = { { "a", stem = "shortened" }, "a" }, ins_p = { { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, "ami" }, ins_s = { { "em", stem = "shortened" }, "em" }, loc_p = { { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, "ach" }, loc_s = { { "u", stem = "shortened" }, "u" }, nom_p = { { "owie", stem = "shortened" }, "owie" } }, ["ól"] = { dat_p = { { "om", stem = "shortened" }, "om" }, dat_s = { { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, "owi" }, depr_p = { { "e", stem = "shortened" }, "e" }, gen_p = { { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, "ów" }, gen_s = { { "a", stem = "shortened" }, "a" }, ins_p = { { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, "ami" }, ins_s = { { "em", stem = "shortened" }, "em" }, loc_p = { { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, "ach" }, loc_s = { { "u", stem = "shortened" }, "u" }, nom_p = { { "owie", stem = "shortened" }, "owie" } }, ["ór"] = { dat_p = { { "om", stem = "shortened" }, "om" }, dat_s = { { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, "owi" }, depr_p = { { "y", stem = "shortened" }, "y" }, gen_p = { { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, "ów" }, gen_s = { { "a", stem = "shortened" }, "a" }, ins_p = { { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, "ami" }, ins_s = { { "em", stem = "shortened" }, "em" }, loc_p = { { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, "ach" }, loc_s = { { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { { "owie", stem = "shortened" }, "owie" } }, ["ót"] = { dat_p = { { "om", stem = "shortened" }, "om" }, dat_s = { { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, "owi" }, depr_p = { { "y", stem = "shortened" }, "y" }, gen_p = { { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, "ów" }, gen_s = { { "a", stem = "shortened" }, "a" }, ins_p = { { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, "ami" }, ins_s = { { "em", stem = "shortened" }, "em" }, loc_p = { { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, "ach" }, loc_s = { { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { { "owie", stem = "shortened" }, "owie" } }, ["ów"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "shortened" } }, ["óz"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, depr_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "owie", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ół"] = { dat_p = { { "om", stem = "shortened" }, "om" }, dat_s = { { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, "owi" }, depr_p = { { "y", stem = "shortened" }, "y" }, gen_p = { { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, "ów" }, gen_s = { { "a", stem = "shortened" }, "a" }, ins_p = { { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, "ami" }, ins_s = { { "em", stem = "shortened" }, "em" }, loc_p = { { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, "ach" }, loc_s = { { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { { "owie", stem = "shortened" }, "owie" } }, ["ąc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["ącz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ąz"] = { depr_p = "y", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "owie" }, ["ć"] = { depr_p = "e" }, ["ęc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["ęcz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ł"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["łc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "owie" }, ["łcz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ń"] = { depr_p = "e" }, ["ńcz"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["ś"] = { depr_p = "e", nom_p = { "e", "owie" } }, ["ź"] = { depr_p = "e" }, ["ż"] = { depr_p = "e" }, }, }, ["m-pr surname sg a"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = "y", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "ą", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "owie", voc_s = "o" }, ["c"] = { dat_s = "y", depr_p = "e" }, ["cz"] = { dat_s = "y", depr_p = "e" }, ["dz"] = { dat_s = "y", depr_p = "e" }, ["g"] = { depr_p = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["i"] = { dat_s = "", depr_p = "e", gen_s = "" }, ["j"] = { depr_p = "e" }, ["k"] = { depr_p = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["l"] = { dat_s = "i", depr_p = "e", gen_s = "i" }, ["pi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["ri"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["rz"] = { dat_s = "y", depr_p = "e" }, ["sm"] = { dat_s = "ie" }, ["sz"] = { dat_s = "y", depr_p = "e" }, ["wi"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_s = "i" }, ["x"] = { dat_s = { "e", stem = "spelled+palatal" } }, ["y"] = { dat_s = "i", depr_p = "e", gen_s = "i" }, ["yzm"] = { dat_s = { "ie", { "e", stem = "palatal", note = "proscribed" } } }, ["zm"] = { dat_s = "ie" }, ["ż"] = { dat_s = "y", depr_p = "e" }, }, }, ["m-pr surname sg e"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "emu", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "owie", voc_s = "e" }, ["ak"] = { dat_p = "e'om", dat_s = "e'owi", depr_p = "i", gen_p = "e'ów", gen_s = "e'a", ins_p = "e'ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "e'ach", loc_s = "e'u", nom_p = "e'owie", voc_s = "e'u" }, ["ant"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "emu", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "owie", voc_s = "e" }, ["bl"] = { dat_p = "e'om", dat_s = "e'owi", depr_p = "e'e", gen_p = "e'ów", gen_s = "e'a", ins_p = "e'ami", ins_s = "e'em", loc_p = "e'ach", loc_s = "e'u", nom_p = "e'owie", voc_s = "e'u" }, ["c"] = { dat_p = "e'om", dat_s = "e'owi", depr_p = "e'y", gen_p = "e'ów", gen_s = "e'a", ins_p = "e'ami", ins_s = "e'em", loc_p = "e'ach", nom_p = "e'owie" }, ["gn"] = { depr_p = "e'e", loc_s = "e'u", voc_s = "e'u" }, ["id"] = { dat_p = "e'om", dat_s = "e'owi", depr_p = "e'y", gen_p = "e'ów", gen_s = "e'a", ins_p = "e'ami", ins_s = "e'em", loc_p = "e'ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "e'owie", voc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ion"] = { depr_p = "e", voc_s = "e" }, ["n"] = { dat_p = "e'om", dat_s = "e'owi", depr_p = "e'y", gen_p = "e'ów", gen_s = "e'a", ins_p = "e'ami", ins_s = "e'em", loc_p = "e'ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "e'owie", voc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ow"] = { dat_p = "e'om", dat_s = "e'owi", depr_p = "e'y", gen_p = "e'ów", gen_s = "e'a", ins_p = "e'ami", ins_s = "e'em", loc_p = "e'ach", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e'owie" }, ["r"] = { dat_p = "e'om", dat_s = "e'owi", depr_p = "e'y", gen_p = "e'ów", gen_s = "e'a", ins_p = "e'ami", ins_s = "e'em", loc_p = "e'ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "e'owie", voc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["rt"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "emu", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "owie", voc_s = "e" }, ["t"] = { dat_p = "e'om", dat_s = "e'owi", depr_p = "e'y", gen_p = "e'ów", gen_s = "e'a", ins_p = "e'ami", ins_s = "e'em", loc_p = "e'ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "e'owie", voc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["v"] = { dat_p = "e'om", dat_s = "e'owi", depr_p = "e'y", gen_p = "e'ów", gen_s = "e'a", ins_p = "e'ami", ins_s = "e'em", loc_p = "e'ach", nom_p = "e'owie" }, ["yl"] = { dat_p = "e'om", dat_s = "e'owi", depr_p = "e'e", gen_p = "e'ów", gen_s = "e'a", ins_p = "e'ami", ins_s = "e'em", loc_p = "e'ach", loc_s = "e'u", nom_p = "e'owie", voc_s = "e'u" }, }, }, ["m-pr surname sg i"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "iemu", depr_p = "ie", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "iego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = { "y", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ak"] = { nom_p = { { "y", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["c"] = { nom_p = { "i", "iowie" } }, ["czk"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["d"] = { nom_p = { "i", "iowie" } }, ["dk"] = { nom_p = { { "y", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["f"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, { "owie", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["g"] = { nom_p = { { "y", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["h"] = { nom_p = { "i", "iowie" } }, ["hk"] = { nom_p = { { "y", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["l"] = { dat_s = "emu", depr_p = "e", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = { "i", "owie" } }, ["lk"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["m"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, { "owie", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["n"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, { "owie", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["ok"] = { nom_p = { { "y", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["r"] = { nom_p = { "i", "iowie" } }, ["s"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, { "owie", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["t"] = { nom_p = { "i", "iowie" } }, ["tk"] = { nom_p = { { "y", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["z"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, { "owie", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["śk"] = { nom_p = { { "y", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, }, }, ["m-pr surname sg o"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = "i", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "ą", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "owie" }, ["and"] = { acc_s = { "a", "ę" }, dat_s = { "owi", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ins_s = { "em", "ą" } }, ["b"] = { depr_p = { "o", "y" }, gen_s = { "a", "o", "y" } }, ["c"] = { acc_s = "o", dat_s = "o", depr_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_s = "o" }, ["d"] = { depr_p = "y", gen_s = { "a", "y" } }, ["ejn"] = { acc_s = { "a", "o", "ę" }, dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, "o", "owi" }, depr_p = { "o", "y" }, gen_p = { "o", "ów" }, gen_s = { "a", "o", "y" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "em", "o", "ą" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, "o" }, nom_p = { "o", "owie" } }, ["ett"] = { acc_s = "a", dat_s = "owi", gen_s = "a", ins_s = "em" }, ["h"] = { depr_p = "y", gen_s = "y" }, ["i"] = { acc_s = "a", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_s = "a", ins_s = "em", loc_s = "u" }, ["ied"] = { acc_s = { "a", "o" }, dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { "o", "owi" }, depr_p = { "o", "y" }, gen_p = { "o", "ów" }, gen_s = { "a", "o" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "em", "o" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { "o", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { "o", "owie" } }, ["j"] = { acc_s = "a", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_s = "a", ins_s = "em", loc_s = "u" }, ["jd"] = { acc_s = { "a", "ę" }, dat_s = { "owi", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ins_s = { "em", "ą" } }, ["l"] = { acc_s = "a", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = "e", gen_s = "a", ins_s = "em", loc_s = "u" }, ["m"] = { depr_p = "y", gen_s = "y" }, ["mb"] = { dat_p = { "o", "om" }, gen_p = { "o", "ów" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, nom_p = { "o", "owie" } }, ["n"] = { depr_p = "y", gen_s = "y" }, ["ng"] = { acc_s = { "a", "o", "ę" }, dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, "o", "owi" }, depr_p = { "i", "o" }, gen_p = { "o", "ów" }, gen_s = { "a", "i", "o" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "iem", "o", "ą" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, "o", "u" }, nom_p = { "o", "owie" } }, ["nt"] = { acc_s = { "a", "o", "ę" }, dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, "o", "owi" }, depr_p = { "o", "y" }, gen_p = { "o", "ów" }, gen_s = { "a", "o", "y" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "em", "o", "ą" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, "o" }, nom_p = { "o", "owie" } }, ["od"] = { gen_s = { "a", "o" } }, ["ott"] = { acc_s = "a", dat_s = "owi", gen_s = "a", ins_s = "em" }, ["p"] = { depr_p = "y", gen_s = "y" }, ["r"] = { depr_p = "y", gen_s = "y" }, ["rd"] = { acc_s = { "a", "ę" }, dat_s = { "owi", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ins_s = { "em", "ą" } }, ["rr"] = { acc_s = "a", dat_s = "owi", gen_s = "a", ins_s = "em" }, ["s"] = { depr_p = "y", gen_s = "a" }, ["sc"] = { dat_p = "o", gen_p = "o", ins_p = "o", loc_p = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["ss"] = { acc_s = "a", dat_s = "owi", ins_s = "em" }, ["t"] = { depr_p = "y", gen_s = "y" }, ["ud"] = { acc_s = { "a", "ę" }, dat_s = { "owi", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ins_s = { "em", "ą" } }, ["w"] = { depr_p = { "o", "y" }, gen_s = { "a", "o", "y" } }, ["yd"] = { acc_s = { "a", "ę" }, dat_s = { "owi", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ins_s = { "em", "ą" } }, ["z"] = { acc_s = { "a", "ę" }, dat_s = { "owi", "y" }, depr_p = "e", gen_s = { "a", "y" }, ins_s = { "em", "ą" }, loc_s = { "u", "y" } }, ["zad"] = { acc_s = { "a", "ę" }, dat_s = { "owi", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ins_s = { "em", "ą" } }, ["ł"] = { depr_p = "y", gen_s = "y" }, ["łd"] = { gen_s = "y" }, ["ńd"] = { gen_s = "y" }, }, }, ["m-pr surname sg y"] = { copies = { acc_p = "gen_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", depr_p = "e", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", ins_s = "ym", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "ym", nom_p = "owie" }, ["art"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["aw"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["azn"] = { nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["azł"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "i", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["er"] = { nom_p = "y" }, ["ern"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, ["h"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "i", stem = "virile" } } }, ["iad"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["k"] = { dat_s = "iemu", depr_p = "ie", gen_s = "iego", nom_p = { "y", stem = "palatal" } }, ["l"] = { dat_p = "im", gen_p = "ich", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im" }, ["n"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["sk"] = { dat_p = "im", gen_p = "ich", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im" }, ["sn"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["st"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["sł"] = { nom_p = { "owie", { "i", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["th"] = { dat_s = "y'emu", depr_p = "y'e", gen_s = "y'ego", nom_p = "y" }, ["tzk"] = { dat_p = "im", gen_p = "ich", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im" }, ["w"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["yt"] = { nom_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["ér"] = { dat_s = "y'emu", depr_p = "y'e", gen_s = "y'ego", nom_p = "y" }, ["ąc"] = { nom_p = { "owie", "y" } }, ["ł"] = { nom_p = { { "i", stem = "palatal" }, "owie" } }, ["źn"] = { nom_p = "owie" }, }, }, ["m-anml common sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "a", dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "y" }, ["ac"] = { acc_s = "a", dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u" }, ["az"] = { gen_p = "ów", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["b"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["bal"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["bel"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["c"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["d"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["del"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { { "i", stem = "reduced" }, { "ów", stem = "reduced" } }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["dz"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["e"] = { acc_s = "", dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["eet"] = { acc_s = { "", "a" }, gen_s = { "a", "u" } }, ["ek"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" } }, ["ez"] = { gen_p = "ów", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["eł"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "reduced" } }, ["f"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["g"] = { ins_s = "iem", nom_p = "i" }, ["iel"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["iz"] = { gen_p = "ów", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["j"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["k"] = { ins_s = "iem", nom_p = "i" }, ["l"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" }, nom_p = "e" }, ["lac"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["m"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["mul"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["n"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["niś"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" } }, ["oll"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["ont"] = { acc_s = { "", "a" }, gen_s = { "a", "u" } }, ["oz"] = { gen_p = "ów", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["oś"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["p"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["paw"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["r"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["raś"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["rp"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["s"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["sz"] = { gen_p = { "y", "ów" } }, ["t"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["tat"] = { acc_s = { "", "a" } }, ["u"] = { acc_s = "", dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["uc"] = { acc_s = "a", dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["uz"] = { gen_p = "ów", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["w"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["x"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "spelled" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "spelled" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "spelled" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "spelled" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "spelled" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "spelled" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "spelled" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "spelled" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "spelled+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "spelled" } }, ["y"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["yz"] = { gen_p = "ów", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["yś"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" } }, ["z"] = { gen_p = { "y", { "ów", note = "rare" } }, nom_p = "e" }, ["zal"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["ób"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ód"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["óg"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "i", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ól"] = { gen_p = { "i", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ór"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ów"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ół"] = { acc_s = { { "a", stem = "shortened" }, { "u", stem = "shortened" } }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { { "a", stem = "shortened" }, { "u", stem = "shortened" } }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ąb"] = { acc_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ąc"] = { acc_s = "a", dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ć"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" }, nom_p = "e" }, ["ł"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["łż"] = { gen_p = { "y", "ów" } }, ["ń"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" }, nom_p = "e" }, ["ś"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["ź"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" }, nom_p = "e" }, ["ż"] = { nom_p = "e" }, }, }, ["m-anml common sg a"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "ę", dat_p = "om", dat_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "y", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "ą", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "y", voc_s = "o" }, ["c"] = { dat_s = "y", nom_p = "e" }, ["j"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i", nom_p = "e" }, ["k"] = { gen_s = "i", nom_p = "i" }, ["l"] = { dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i", nom_p = "e" }, ["o"] = { acc_s = "a", dat_p = "a", dat_s = "a", gen_p = "a", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "a", ins_s = "a", loc_p = "a", nom_p = "a", voc_s = "a" }, }, }, ["m-anml common sg e"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "e'om", dat_s = "e'owi", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "e'ów", gen_s = "e'a", ins_p = "e'ami", ins_s = "e'em", loc_p = "e'ach", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e'y" }, }, }, ["m-anml common sg i"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "i", dat_s = "i", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "i", ins_s = "i", loc_p = "i", loc_s = "i", nom_p = "i" }, ["sk"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "iemu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "iego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "ie" }, }, }, ["m-anml common sg o"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "a", dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "o" }, ["d"] = { acc_s = { "a", "o" }, dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { "o", "owi" }, gen_p = { "o", "ów" }, gen_s = { "a", "o" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "em", "o" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { "o", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { "o", "y" } }, ["g"] = { acc_s = "o", dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["i"] = { voc_s = "u" }, }, }, ["m-anml common sg y"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "ego", dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", ins_s = "ym", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "ym", nom_p = "e" }, ["m"] = { acc_s = { "ego", "y" } }, ["ow"] = { acc_s = { "ego", "y" } }, ["t"] = { acc_s = { "ego", "y" } }, }, }, ["m-anml given sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, }, }, ["m-anml proper sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "gen_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["c"] = { ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["ec"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" } }, ["k"] = { ins_s = "iem", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["sz"] = { gen_p = { "y", "ów" }, loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["x"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "spelled" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "spelled" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "spelled" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "spelled" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "spelled" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "spelled" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "spelled" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "spelled+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "spelled" } }, }, }, ["m-in common sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "", dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["A"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["B"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["C"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["D"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["F"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-ie", nom_p = "-y" }, ["I"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["K"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["L"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-i", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-u", nom_p = "-e" }, ["M"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-ie", nom_p = "-y" }, ["ML"] = { acc_s = { "", "-a" }, gen_p = { "-i", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "-a", "-u" } }, ["N"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-ie", nom_p = "-y" }, ["OP"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-ie", nom_p = "-y" }, ["P"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["R"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-ze", nom_p = "-y" }, ["S"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-ie", nom_p = "-y" }, ["T"] = { dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = "", nom_p = { "", "-y" } }, ["V"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["abl"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["ac"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u" }, ["ail"] = { gen_p = { "i", { "ów", note = "colloquial" } } }, ["ak"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["am"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["arc"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["az"] = { gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["bel"] = { gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" } }, ["ber"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = "a", ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "reduced" } }, ["bl"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["bor"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["bul"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["c"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["cal"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["car"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["cel"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["cer"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["cik"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["dal"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["dej"] = { gen_s = { "a", "u" } }, ["del"] = { gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" } }, ["dol"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["dz"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["dź"] = { acc_s = { "", { "a", stem = "shortened", note = "colloquial" } }, dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "shortened" } }, ["e"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["ecz"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["ek"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" } }, ["el"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["em"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["enc"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["eol"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["eor"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["eus"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["ez"] = { gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["eć"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "reduced+soft" } }, ["eł"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "reduced" } }, ["eń"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["fel"] = { gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" } }, ["g"] = { ins_s = "iem", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["gal"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["gel"] = { gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" } }, ["ger"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["gol"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["gor"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["gół"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["h"] = { loc_s = "u" }, ["haj"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["hej"] = { gen_s = { "a", "u" } }, ["hel"] = { gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" } }, ["her"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["hol"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["how"] = { gen_s = "" }, ["hyl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["hór"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["i"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["ial"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["ic"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["iej"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["iek"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["iel"] = { gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" } }, ["ij"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["ik"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["il"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["im"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["iol"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["ior"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["isz"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["itr"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["iz"] = { gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["izd"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["iąc"] = { gen_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["iąk"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["iść"] = { ins_p = "mi" }, ["j"] = { loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["jas"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["jem"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "reduced" } }, ["jm"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["k"] = { ins_s = "iem", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["kal"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["kch"] = { gen_s = { "a", "u" } }, ["kej"] = { acc_s = { "", "a" }, gen_s = "a" }, ["ker"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["kic"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["kl"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["km"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["kol"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["kor"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["kr"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["kul"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["l"] = { loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["laż"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["lc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ler"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["ll"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["lm"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["lol"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["lor"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["lus"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["ląg"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["ląt"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["m"] = { loc_s = { "ie", { "e", stem = "palatal", note = "proscribed" } } }, ["maj"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["mal"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["mik"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["mol"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["mor"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["nal"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["nar"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["nc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["nch"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["nek"] = { gen_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" } }, ["nel"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = { "i", "ów" }, gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ner"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["neż"] = { gen_p = "y", gen_s = { "a", "u" } }, ["nol"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["nor"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["nsz"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["nur"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["nyp"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["nóg"] = { gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" } }, ["nóż"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "shortened" } }, ["oc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["och"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["ocz"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["oik"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["om"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ool"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["or"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["our"] = { dat_p = { "", "om" }, dat_s = { "", "owi" }, gen_p = { "", "ów" }, gen_s = { "", "u" }, ins_p = { "", "ami" }, ins_s = { "", "em" }, loc_p = { "", "ach" }, loc_s = { "", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { "", "y" } }, ["oz"] = { gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["oń"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["pal"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["pel"] = { gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" } }, ["per"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["pik"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["pol"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["por"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["prz"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["ral"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["rc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["rcz"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["rel"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["reń"] = { gen_s = { "a", { "a", stem = "reduced" } } }, ["rm"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["rol"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["ror"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["rsz"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["rus"] = { acc_s = { "", "a" }, gen_s = "a" }, ["rąg"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "i", stem = "shortened" } }, ["sal"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["sar"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["sel"] = { gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" } }, ["ser"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["sh"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["sm"] = { loc_s = "ie" }, ["sol"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["sz"] = { gen_p = { "y", "ów" } }, ["tal"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["tch"] = { nom_p = "e" }, ["tel"] = { gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" } }, ["til"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["tl"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["tm"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["tol"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["tus"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["tyk"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["u"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["uc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["uel"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ul"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" }, gen_s = "a" }, ["um"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["unk"] = { acc_s = { "", "a" }, gen_s = "a" }, ["urz"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["uz"] = { gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["wl"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["wor"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["wyk"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["wyż"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["x"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "spelled" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "spelled" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "spelled" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "spelled" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "spelled" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "spelled" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "spelled" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "spelled+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "spelled" } }, ["y"] = { loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["yc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ycz"] = { gen_p = { "y", "ów" } }, ["yj"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["yk"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["yl"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["ym"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ysz"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["yz"] = { gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["z"] = { gen_p = { "y", { "ów", note = "rare" } }, gen_s = "a", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["zac"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["zal"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["zcz"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["zd"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "fronted+palatal" } }, ["zel"] = { gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" } }, ["zer"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["zeń"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["zol"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["zub"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["ząg"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "i", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ób"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ód"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["óg"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "i", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ój"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ól"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["ór"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["órg"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "i", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ót"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ów"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["óz"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ół"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["óż"] = { gen_p = { { "y", stem = "shortened" }, { "ów", stem = "shortened" } } }, ["ąb"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ąc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ąk"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["ąp"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ąt"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["ąz"] = { gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["ć"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["ęs"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["łat"] = { gen_s = { "a", "u" } }, ["łn"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["łup"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["łąg"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "i", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ń"] = { gen_s = "a", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ńc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ś"] = { gen_s = "a", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ść"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" }, gen_s = "a", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ź"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "shortened+soft" }, gen_s = "a", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ż"] = { gen_p = { "y", "ów" }, loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["żel"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["życ"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["żyk"] = { gen_s = "u" }, }, }, ["m-in common sg a"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "gen_s", dat_s = "gen_s", gen_p = "gen_s", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "a", depr_p = {}, gen_s = "a", ins_p = "a", ins_s = "a", loc_p = "a", nom_p = "a" }, }, }, ["m-in common sg e"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "e", dat_p = "e'om", dat_s = "e'owi", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "e'ów", gen_s = "e'u", ins_p = "e'ami", ins_s = "e'em", loc_p = "e'ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "e'y" }, ["al"] = { gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e" }, ["g"] = { loc_s = "e'u", nom_p = "e'e" }, ["hon"] = { acc_s = { "e", "e'a" } }, ["ir"] = { gen_s = "e'a" }, ["l"] = { nom_p = "e'e" }, ["lag"] = { gen_p = { "e'y", "e'ów" } }, ["ll"] = { loc_s = "e'u" }, ["on"] = { gen_s = "e'a" }, ["z"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, }, }, ["m-in common sg i"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = "i", dat_p = "im", dat_s = "iemu", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "iego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "ie" }, ["am"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["an"] = { dat_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ban"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["bl"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["bol"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["dl"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["el"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["gl"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["hl"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["hol"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["i"] = { dat_s = "jemu", gen_s = "jego", nom_p = "je" }, ["ian"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["im"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["kan"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["kol"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["ks"] = { dat_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["l"] = { dat_p = "i", dat_s = "i", gen_p = "i", gen_s = "i", ins_p = "i", ins_s = "i", loc_p = "i", loc_s = "i", nom_p = "i" }, ["m"] = { acc_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, dat_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["mul"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["n"] = { acc_s = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["nom"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["pl"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["ran"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["rl"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["u"] = { dat_s = "jemu", gen_s = "jego", nom_p = "je" }, ["wl"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["wol"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["y"] = { dat_s = "jemu", gen_s = "jego", nom_p = "je" }, ["yl"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["ym"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["zol"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["ćm"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["łan"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["śl"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["źl"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, ["źm"] = { dat_p = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["żl"] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "e" }, }, }, ["m-in common sg o"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o", voc_s = "o" }, ["i"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e", voc_s = "u" }, }, }, ["m-in common sg y"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", ins_s = "ym", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "ym", nom_p = "e" }, }, }, ["m-in place sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["Kum"] = { dat_p = { "", "om" }, dat_s = { "", "owi" }, gen_p = { "", "ów" }, gen_s = { "", "u" }, ins_p = { "", "ami" }, ins_s = { "", "em" }, loc_p = { "", "ach" }, loc_s = { "", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { "", "y" } }, ["N"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-ie", nom_p = "-y" }, ["R"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["ab"] = { gen_s = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["adz"] = { gen_p = { "y", "ów" } }, ["aj"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["ak"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["al"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["am"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["an"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["ask"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["aw"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, { "ów", stem = "palatal" } }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["az"] = { gen_p = "ów", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["azd"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "fronted+palatal" } }, ["ał"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["bcz"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["bel"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["ber"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "reduced" } }, ["biń"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["boń"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" } }, ["c"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["ceń"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" } }, ["ck"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["d"] = { gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["der"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "reduced" } }, ["doń"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" } }, ["duń"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["dyń"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["dz"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["eb"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["eg"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["en"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["ep"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["ew"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["ez"] = { gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["eł"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "reduced" } }, ["eń"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["eść"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" } }, ["g"] = { ins_s = "iem", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["gal"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["goń"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" } }, ["h"] = { loc_s = "u", nom_p = "y" }, ["hel"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["ic"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ik"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["iw"] = { dat_s = "owi", gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["j"] = { loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["k"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" } }, ["kok"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["l"] = { loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["las"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "fronted+palatal" } }, ["lc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["leń"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" } }, ["lk"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["lm"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["m"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, { "ów", stem = "palatal" } }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["n"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["ng"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["nim"] = { dat_p = { { "om", stem = "palatal" }, "om" }, dat_s = { { "owi", stem = "palatal" }, "owi" }, gen_p = { { "ów", stem = "palatal" }, "ów" }, nom_p = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, "y" } }, ["ok"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["ol"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["on"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["ork"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["oł"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["oń"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["oś"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["ość"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" } }, ["p"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["pas"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["pcz"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["pel"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["r"] = { gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["ral"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["rb"] = { gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["rc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["reń"] = { gen_s = { "a", { "a", stem = "reduced" } } }, ["rk"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["rp"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["rsz"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["ryń"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" } }, ["róz"] = { gen_s = { { "a", stem = "shortened" }, { "u", stem = "shortened" } } }, ["s"] = { gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["sk"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["t"] = { gen_s = "u", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["taw"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["tel"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "reduced" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "i", stem = "reduced" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "reduced" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "reduced" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "reduced" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["u"] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["ub"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { { "", stem = "palatal" }, { "ów", stem = "palatal" } }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ud"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["ug"] = { gen_s = { "a", "u" } }, ["uk"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["ul"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["um"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["us"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["uz"] = { gen_p = "ów", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["uł"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["vik"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["w"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, { "u", stem = "shortened", note = "archaic" } }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" } }, ["wel"] = { gen_p = { "ów", stem = "reduced" } }, ["wil"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["yc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["yk"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["yl"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["yż"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["z"] = { gen_p = { "y", "ów" }, loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["zel"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["zk"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["zok"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["zyż"] = { gen_p = { "y", "ów" } }, ["ząb"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" } }, ["ód"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["óg"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "iem", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "i", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ój"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ór"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["órz"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p = { "e", stem = "shortened" } }, ["óz"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "shortened+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ół"] = { gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ąb"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" } }, ["ąc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ąt"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["ć"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" }, loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ęc"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ędz"] = { gen_p = { "y", "ów" } }, ["ęk"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["ęp"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["ł"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "shortened" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "shortened" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "shortened" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "shortened" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "shortened" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "shortened" } }, ["łak"] = { gen_s = "u" }, ["łk"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["łm"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["łom"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["łub"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["ń"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "soft" }, "ów" }, loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ś"] = { loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["śl"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["ź"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "soft" }, loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["ż"] = { gen_p = { "y", "ów" }, loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, }, }, ["m-in place sg e"] = { copies = { }, rules = { [""] = { acc_p = { "e", "e'y" }, acc_s = "e", dat_p = { "e", "e'om" }, dat_s = { "e", "e'owi" }, depr_p = {}, gen_p = { "e", "e'ów" }, gen_s = { "e", "e'u" }, ins_p = { "e", "e'ami" }, ins_s = { "e", "e'em" }, loc_p = { "e", "e'ach" }, loc_s = { "e", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { "e", "e'y" }, voc_p = { "e", "e'y" }, voc_s = { "e", { "e", stem = "palatal" } } }, }, }, ["m-in place sg i"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "im", dat_s = "iemu", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ich", gen_s = "iego", ins_p = "imi", ins_s = "im", loc_p = "ich", loc_s = "im", nom_p = "ie" }, ["p"] = { dat_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, dat_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, loc_s = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, }, }, ["m-in place sg y"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", ins_s = "ym", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "ym", nom_p = "e" }, }, }, ["m-in proper sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["AT"] = { dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, nom_p = { "", "-y" } }, ["F"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-ie", nom_p = "-y" }, ["J"] = { dat_p = { "", "-otom" }, dat_s = { "", "-otowi" }, gen_p = { "", "-otów" }, gen_s = { "", "-otu" }, ins_p = { "", "-otami" }, ins_s = { "", "-otem" }, loc_p = { "", "-otach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ocie" }, nom_p = { "", "-oty" } }, ["L"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-i", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-u", nom_p = "-e" }, ["M"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-ie", nom_p = "-y" }, ["N"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-ie", nom_p = "-y" }, ["OP"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-ie", nom_p = "-y" }, ["OT"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", nom_p = "-y" }, ["Ol"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-i", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-u", nom_p = "-e" }, ["R"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-ze", nom_p = "-y" }, ["S"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-ie", nom_p = "-y" }, ["Z"] = { dat_p = { "-etom", "-om" }, dat_s = { "-etowi", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "-etów", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "-etu", "-u" }, ins_p = { "-ami", "-etami" }, ins_s = { "-em", "-etem" }, loc_p = { "-ach", "-etach" }, loc_s = "-ecie", nom_p = { "-ety", "-y" } }, ["b"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["c"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u" }, ["d"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["el"] = { gen_s = "a" }, ["g"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["h"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "y" }, ["iD"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-zie", nom_p = "-y" }, ["iK"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-iem", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-u", nom_p = "-i" }, ["k"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "iem", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "i" }, ["kot"] = { dat_p = { "", "om" }, dat_s = { "", "owi" }, gen_p = { "", "ów" }, gen_s = { "", "u" }, ins_p = { "", "ami" }, ins_s = { "", "em" }, loc_p = { "", "ach" }, loc_s = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, "" }, nom_p = { "", "y" } }, ["l"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = { "i", "ów" }, gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "e" }, ["m"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["n"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["r"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["s"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["t"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["x"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "spelled" }, dat_s = { "owi", stem = "spelled" }, gen_p = { "ów", stem = "spelled" }, gen_s = { "u", stem = "spelled" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "spelled" }, ins_s = { "em", stem = "spelled" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "spelled" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "spelled+palatal" }, nom_p = { "y", stem = "spelled" } }, ["ł"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "owi", gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "u", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "y" }, ["Ś"] = { dat_p = "-om", dat_s = "-owi", gen_p = "-ów", gen_s = "-u", ins_p = "-ami", ins_s = "-em", loc_p = "-ach", loc_s = "-u", nom_p = "-e" }, }, }, ["n common pl "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = {}, dat_p = "", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = {}, ins_p = "", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_s = {} }, }, }, ["n common pl a"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = {}, dat_p = "om", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = {}, ins_p = "ami", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "ach", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_s = {} }, ["ci"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "final_soft" } }, ["ekt"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["ik"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["it"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["k"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["l"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["ni"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "final_soft" } }, ["nt"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["sk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["t"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["ust"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["zwi"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, }, }, ["n common pl e"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = {}, dat_p = "ym", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ych", gen_s = {}, ins_p = "ymi", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "ych", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_s = {} }, ["aj"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["ani"] = { gen_p = { "", { "", stem = "final_soft" } }, ins_p = { "ami", { "mi", stem = "final_soft" } } }, ["c"] = { dat_p = "om", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach" }, ["ej"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["gi"] = { dat_p = "m", gen_p = "ch", ins_p = "mi", loc_p = "ch" }, ["i"] = { dat_p = "om", gen_p = "", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach" }, ["ic"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["j"] = { dat_p = "om", gen_p = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach" }, ["jc"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["ki"] = { dat_p = "m", gen_p = "ch", ins_p = "mi", loc_p = "ch" }, ["l"] = { dat_p = "om", gen_p = "i", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach" }, ["li"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["ns"] = { dat_p = "om", gen_p = "ów", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach" }, ["oj"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["rc"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["ri"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["sat"] = { dat_p = "e", gen_p = "e", ins_p = "e", loc_p = "e" }, ["z"] = { dat_p = "om", gen_p = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach" }, ["ąc"] = { dat_p = "ym", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych" }, ["ńc"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["ż"] = { dat_p = "om", gen_p = "y", ins_p = "ami", loc_p = "ach" }, }, }, ["n common pl i"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = {}, dat_p = "om", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = {}, ins_p = "ami", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "ach", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_s = {} }, ["ajk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["c"] = { dat_p = "iom", gen_p = "i", ins_p = "iami", loc_p = "iach" }, ["jtk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["l"] = { dat_p = "i", gen_p = "i", ins_p = "i", loc_p = "i" }, ["n"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "palatal" } }, ["nk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["rk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["unk"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["w"] = { dat_p = { "om", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "ami", stem = "palatal" }, loc_p = { "ach", stem = "palatal" } }, ["wk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["łk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["ńk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, }, }, ["n common pl y"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = {}, dat_p = "om", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = {}, ins_p = "ami", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "ach", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_s = {} }, ["m"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["n"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["om"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["on"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, }, }, ["n common sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["ema"] = { dat_p = "tom", gen_p = "tów", ins_p = "tami", loc_p = "tach", nom_p = "ta" }, ["lon"] = { dat_p = { "", "om" }, dat_s = { "", "owi" }, gen_p = { "", "ów" }, gen_s = { "", "u" }, ins_p = { "", "ami" }, ins_s = { "", "em" }, loc_p = { "", "ach" }, loc_s = { "", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { "", "y" } }, }, }, ["n common sg e"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "u", depr_p = {}, gen_p = { "", stem = "final_soft" }, gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "a" }, ["aci"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["aj"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["al"] = { dat_s = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_s = "e" }, ["b"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["bi"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["d"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["dni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["e"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["eci"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["eł"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e" }, ["f"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["gi"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["il"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["jni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["k"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["ki"] = { dat_p = "m", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ch", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "mi", ins_s = "m", loc_p = "ch", loc_s = "m", nom_p = "e" }, ["kni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["l"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["m"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["mi"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["mil"] = { dat_p = "iom", gen_p = "iów", ins_p = "iami", loc_p = "iach", nom_p = "ia" }, ["n"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", ins_s = "ym", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "ym", nom_p = "e" }, ["nal"] = { dat_p = "e", gen_p = "e", ins_p = "e", loc_p = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["nci"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["o"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["oci"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["oni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["pi"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["r"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["rc"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["si"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["st"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", ins_s = "ym", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "ym" }, ["t"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["tel"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["w"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", ins_s = "ym", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "ym", nom_p = "e" }, ["wal"] = { dat_s = "u", gen_s = "a", ins_s = "em", loc_s = "u" }, ["wc"] = { gen_p = { "", "ów" } }, ["wi"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["woj"] = { dat_s = "emu", gen_s = "ego", nom_p = "e" }, ["z"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["zc"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["zi"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["é"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["ąci"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ł"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", ins_s = "ym", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "ym", nom_p = "e" }, ["śni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ż"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["żci"] = { gen_p = "" }, }, }, ["n common sg o"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "u", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "a" }, ["a"] = { dat_p = { "o", { "om", note = "colloquial" } }, dat_s = { "o", { "u", note = "colloquial" } }, gen_p = { "o", { "ł", note = "colloquial" } }, gen_s = { "o", { "a", note = "colloquial" } }, ins_p = { "o", { "ami", note = "colloquial" } }, ins_s = { "o", { "em", note = "colloquial" } }, loc_p = { "o", { "ach", note = "colloquial" } }, loc_s = { "o", { "le", note = "colloquial" } }, nom_p = { "o", { "a", note = "colloquial" } } }, ["al"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["ant"] = { dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { "o", "u" }, gen_p = { "", "o" }, gen_s = { "a", "o" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "em", "o" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, "o" }, nom_p = { "a", "o" } }, ["arn"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, "" } }, ["at"] = { dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { "o", "u" }, gen_p = { "", "o" }, gen_s = { "a", "o" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "em", "o" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, "o" }, nom_p = { "a", "o" } }, ["atł"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "fronted+palatal" } }, ["ał"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["b"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["br"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["c"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["cer"] = { dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { "o", "u" }, gen_p = { "o", "ów" }, gen_s = { "a", "o" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "em", "o" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { "o", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { "a", "o" } }, ["ck"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["cz"] = { loc_s = "u" }, ["dk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["dr"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["e"] = { dat_p = { "o", { "om", note = "rare" } }, dat_s = { "o", { "u", note = "rare" } }, gen_p = { "o", { "ów", note = "rare" } }, gen_s = { "o", { "a", note = "rare" } }, ins_p = { "o", { "ami", note = "rare" } }, ins_s = { "o", { "em", note = "rare" } }, loc_p = { "o", { "ach", note = "rare" } }, loc_s = { "o", { "u", note = "rare" } }, nom_p = { "o", { "a", note = "rare" } } }, ["eg"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", loc_p = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["end"] = { dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { "o", "u" }, gen_p = { "", "o" }, gen_s = { "a", "o" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "em", "o" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { "o", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { "a", "o" } }, ["ent"] = { dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { "o", "u" }, gen_p = { "", "o" }, gen_s = { "a", "o" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "em", "o" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, "o" }, nom_p = { "a", "o" } }, ["est"] = { loc_s = "o" }, ["eł"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["f"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["fot"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["g"] = { ins_s = "o", loc_s = "o" }, ["gn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["gł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["h"] = { loc_s = "u" }, ["i"] = { gen_p = "ów", loc_s = "u" }, ["id"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["int"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["j"] = { loc_s = "o" }, ["jk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["k"] = { ins_s = "iem", loc_s = "u" }, ["kn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["kł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["l"] = { loc_s = "o" }, ["li"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["ll"] = { loc_s = "u" }, ["mk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["nak"] = { dat_s = { "owi", "u" }, gen_p = { "", "ów" }, nom_p = { "a", "i" } }, ["ng"] = { ins_s = "iem", loc_s = "u" }, ["nk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["o"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["ol"] = { dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { "o", "u" }, gen_s = { "a", "o" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "em", "o" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { "o", "u" }, nom_p = { "a", "o" } }, ["ors"] = { dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { "o", "u" }, gen_p = { "", "o" }, gen_s = { "a", "o" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "em", "o" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { { "e", stem = "palatal" }, "o" }, nom_p = { "a", "o" } }, ["ow"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["oł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["pk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["pn"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "inserted_ie" }, "" } }, ["pol"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["ps"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["re"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["red"] = { dat_p = { "o", "om" }, dat_s = { "o", "u" }, gen_p = { "", "o" }, gen_s = { "a", "o" }, ins_p = { "ami", "o" }, ins_s = { "em", "o" }, loc_p = { "ach", "o" }, loc_s = { "o", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { "a", "o" } }, ["rk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["st"] = { loc_s = { "e", stem = "fronted+palatal" } }, ["tk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["v"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["wk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["wn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["zk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["zm"] = { loc_s = "ie" }, ["zz"] = { gen_p = "o", loc_s = "o" }, ["ł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["łk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["łn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["ńk"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, }, }, ["n common sg um"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "gen_s", dat_s = "gen_s", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "um", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "um", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "a" }, }, }, ["n common sg ę"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "ętom", dat_s = "ęciu", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ąt", gen_s = "ęcia", ins_p = "ętami", ins_s = "ęciem", loc_p = "ętach", nom_p = "ęta" }, ["mi"] = { dat_p = "onom", dat_s = "eniu", gen_p = "on", gen_s = "enia", ins_p = "onami", ins_s = "eniem", loc_p = "onach", nom_p = "ona" }, }, }, ["n place pl a"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = {}, dat_p = "om", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = {}, ins_p = "ami", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "ach", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_s = {} }, ["ot"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["t"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["yt"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, }, }, ["n place pl e"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = {}, dat_p = "om", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = {}, ins_p = "ami", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "ach", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_s = {} }, ["aj"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["alc"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["bc"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["cel"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["eńc"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ki"] = { dat_p = "m", gen_p = "ch", ins_p = "mi", loc_p = "ch" }, ["l"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["mc"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["n"] = { dat_p = "ym", gen_p = "ych", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych" }, ["ni"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "final_soft" } }, ["oc"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["oj"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["olc"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["pc"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["pel"] = { gen_p = { "i", "ów" } }, ["r"] = { dat_p = "ym", gen_p = "ych", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych" }, ["rz"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["sel"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["t"] = { dat_p = "ym", gen_p = "ych", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych" }, ["tel"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ul"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["w"] = { dat_p = "ym", gen_p = "ych", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych" }, ["wc"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["wel"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ł"] = { dat_p = "ym", gen_p = "ych", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych" }, ["ńc"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["źc"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, }, }, ["n place pl i"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = {}, dat_p = "om", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, gen_s = {}, ins_p = "ami", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "ach", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_s = {} }, ["ag"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ak"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["ek"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ik"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["isk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["kok"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["lig"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["og"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["ok"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ośk"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["rg"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["ruk"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["rąg"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["sęk"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["tok"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["ug"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["uk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["yg"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["yk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["zeg"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["zg"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ók"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ąg"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["łak"] = { gen_p = "" }, }, }, ["n place pl y"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = {}, dat_p = "om", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = {}, ins_p = "ami", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "ach", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_s = {} }, ["ach"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["br"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["bł"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["doł"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["dł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["ep"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["gn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["gon"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["gr"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["gw"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["gł"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["hab"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["hod"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["hł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["id"] = { gen_p = { "", "ów" } }, ["is"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["kan"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["koł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["kł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["ndr"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["od"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["ord"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["os"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["ow"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["ozd"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["rob"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["roz"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["rąd"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["rł"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["sn"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["sł"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["tos"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["tr"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["um"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["was"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["wł"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["zch"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["zyb"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["ąs"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["ład"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["łod"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["łoz"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["łyn"] = { gen_p = "ów" }, ["żn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, }, }, ["n place sg "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "", dat_s = "", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "" }, ["nd"] = { dat_p = { "", "om" }, dat_s = { "", "owi" }, gen_p = { "", "ów" }, gen_s = { "", "u" }, ins_p = { "", "ami" }, ins_s = { "", "em" }, loc_p = { "", "ach" }, loc_s = { "", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { "", "y" } }, }, }, ["n place sg e"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "u", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "u", nom_p = "a" }, ["aci"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["b"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "e" }, ["ci"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "final_soft" } }, ["dni"] = { gen_p = "ch" }, ["e"] = { dat_p = "e", dat_s = "e", gen_p = "e", gen_s = "e", ins_p = "e", ins_s = "e", loc_p = "e", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "e" }, ["eci"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["gi"] = { dat_p = "m", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ch", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "mi", loc_p = "ch", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "e" }, ["h"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "e" }, ["ki"] = { dat_p = "m", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ch", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "mi", loc_p = "ch", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "e" }, ["l"] = { gen_p = "i" }, ["n"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "e" }, ["ni"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "final_soft" } }, ["oci"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["oni"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["p"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "e" }, ["r"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "e" }, ["s"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "e" }, ["t"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "e" }, ["w"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "e" }, ["z"] = { gen_p = "y" }, ["ł"] = { dat_p = "ym", dat_s = "emu", gen_p = "ych", gen_s = "ego", ins_p = "ymi", loc_p = "ych", loc_s = "em", nom_p = "e" }, ["ż"] = { gen_p = "y" }, }, }, ["n place sg o"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "nom_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "u", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "a" }, ["ad"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["ag"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", loc_p = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["ajn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["amn"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "inserted_ie" }, "" } }, ["arn"] = { gen_p = { { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, "" } }, ["c"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["ck"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["e"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["ew"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["ewn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["g"] = { ins_s = "o", loc_s = "o" }, ["hn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["i"] = { gen_p = "o", loc_s = "o" }, ["iw"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["izn"] = { loc_s = "ie" }, ["k"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" }, ins_s = "iem", loc_s = "u" }, ["kn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["kł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["l"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["ong"] = { ins_s = "iem", loc_s = "u" }, ["osn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" }, loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["oł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "lengthened" } }, ["pn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["sk"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["sn"] = { loc_s = "ie" }, ["st"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "u", gen_p = "", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "fronted+palatal" }, nom_p = "a" }, ["t"] = { dat_p = "o", dat_s = "o", gen_p = "o", gen_s = "o", ins_p = "o", ins_s = "o", loc_p = "o", loc_s = "o", nom_p = "o" }, ["tw"] = { gen_p = "" }, ["udn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["w"] = { gen_p = { "", "ów", { "", stem = "lengthened" } } }, ["ówn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_ie" } }, ["ł"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, ["łot"] = { dat_p = "om", dat_s = "u", gen_p = "", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p = "a" }, ["śn"] = { gen_p = { "", stem = "inserted_e" } }, }, }, ["n place sg um"] = { copies = { }, rules = { [""] = { acc_p = { "a", { "um", note = "rare" } }, acc_s = "um", dat_p = { "om", { "um", note = "rare" } }, dat_s = "um", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "um", gen_s = "um", ins_p = { "ami", { "um", note = "rare" } }, ins_s = "um", loc_p = { "ach", { "um", note = "rare" } }, loc_s = "um", nom_p = { "a", { "um", note = "rare" } }, voc_p = { "a", { "um", note = "rare" } }, voc_s = "um" }, }, }, ["n proper pl "] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", voc_p = "nom_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_s = {}, dat_p = "", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = {}, ins_p = "", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_s = {} }, }, }, ["n proper pl e"] = { copies = { }, rules = { [""] = { acc_p = "e", acc_s = {}, dat_p = "om", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = {}, ins_p = "ami", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "ach", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_p = "e", voc_s = {} }, }, }, ["n proper pl y"] = { copies = { }, rules = { [""] = { acc_p = "y", acc_s = {}, dat_p = "om", dat_s = {}, depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = {}, ins_p = "ami", ins_s = {}, loc_p = "ach", loc_s = {}, nom_s = {}, voc_p = "y", voc_s = {} }, }, }, ["n proper sg "] = { copies = { acc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_p = "", dat_p = "", dat_s = "", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = "", ins_p = "", ins_s = "", loc_p = "", loc_s = "", nom_p = "", voc_p = "", voc_s = "" }, ["BS"] = { acc_p = { "", "-y" }, dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ie" }, nom_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_s = { "", "-ie" } }, ["F"] = { acc_p = { "", "-y" }, dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ie" }, nom_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_s = { "", "-ie" } }, ["J"] = { acc_p = { "", "-oty" }, dat_p = { "", "-otom" }, dat_s = { "", "-otowi" }, gen_p = { "", "-otów" }, gen_s = { "", "-otu" }, ins_p = { "", "-otami" }, ins_s = { "", "-otem" }, loc_p = { "", "-otach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ocie" }, nom_p = { "", "-oty" }, voc_p = { "", "-oty" }, voc_s = { "", "-ocie" } }, ["L"] = { acc_p = { "", "-e" }, dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-i" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-u" }, nom_p = { "", "-e" }, voc_p = { "", "-e" }, voc_s = { "", "-u" } }, ["N"] = { acc_p = { "", "-y" }, dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ie" }, nom_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_s = { "", "-ie" } }, ["OS"] = { acc_p = { "", "-y" }, dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ie" }, nom_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_s = { "", "-ie" } }, ["R"] = { acc_p = { "", "-y" }, dat_p = { "", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ze" }, nom_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_p = { "", "-y" }, voc_s = { "", "-ze" } }, ["Z"] = { acc_p = { "", "-ety", "-y" }, dat_p = { "", "-etom", "-om" }, dat_s = { "", "-etowi", "-owi" }, gen_p = { "", "-etów", "-ów" }, gen_s = { "", "-etu", "-u" }, ins_p = { "", "-ami", "-etami" }, ins_s = { "", "-em", "-etem" }, loc_p = { "", "-ach", "-etach" }, loc_s = { "", "-ecie" }, nom_p = { "", "-ety", "-y" }, voc_p = { "", "-ety", "-y" }, voc_s = { "", "-ecie" } }, ["k"] = { acc_p = {}, dat_p = {}, gen_p = {}, gen_s = { "", note = "rare" }, ins_p = {}, loc_p = {}, nom_p = {}, voc_p = {}, voc_s = {} }, ["m"] = { acc_p = { "", "y" }, dat_p = { "", "om" }, dat_s = { "", "owi" }, gen_p = { "", "ów" }, gen_s = { "", "u" }, ins_p = { "", "ami" }, ins_s = { "", "em" }, loc_p = { "", "ach" }, loc_s = { "", { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, nom_p = { "", "y" }, voc_p = { "", "y" }, voc_s = { "", { "e", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["ś"] = { acc_p = {}, dat_p = {}, gen_p = {}, gen_s = { "", note = "rare" }, ins_p = {}, loc_p = {}, nom_p = {}, voc_p = {}, voc_s = {} }, }, }, ["n proper sg e"] = { copies = { acc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_p = "a", dat_p = "om", dat_s = "u", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "", gen_s = "a", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "em", loc_p = "ach", loc_s = "e", nom_p = "a", voc_p = "a", voc_s = "e" }, }, }, ["n proper sg o"] = { copies = { acc_s = "nom_s" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_p = {}, dat_p = {}, dat_s = "emu", depr_p = {}, gen_p = {}, gen_s = "ego", ins_p = {}, ins_s = "ym", loc_p = {}, loc_s = "ym", nom_p = {}, voc_p = {}, voc_s = {} }, }, }, ["n proper sg um"] = { copies = { acc_p = "nom_p", acc_s = "gen_s", dat_s = "gen_s", loc_s = "dat_s", voc_p = "nom_p", voc_s = "loc_s" }, rules = { [""] = { dat_p = "om", depr_p = {}, gen_p = "ów", gen_s = "um", ins_p = "ami", ins_s = "um", loc_p = "ach", nom_p = "a" }, }, }, } ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Adjective rules -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- The slots of an adjective in table order: the singular by gender column (the masculine animate and inanimate share -- most of them), then the virile and non-virile plural. data.adjective_slots = { "nom_m", "nom_f", "nom_n", "nom_mp_pers", "nom_p_not_mp_pers", "gen_mn", "gen_f", "gen_p", "dat_mn", "dat_f", "dat_p", "acc_m_an", "acc_m_in", "acc_f", "acc_n", "acc_mp_pers", "acc_p_not_mp_pers", "ins_mn", "ins_f", "ins_p", "loc_mn", "loc_f", "loc_p", "short", } -- The nominative endings of an adjective's lemma (its masculine singular), which pick its group in `adjective_groups`. data.adjective_nominatives = { "y", "i" } -- The kind of an adjective, for its title and category, given by the first pattern its lemma matches. data.adjective_kinds = { { "y$", "硬音" }, { "[kg]i$", "軟腭音" }, { "", "軟音" } } -- How to find the masculine of an adjectival word given in another gender (''teściowa'' → ''teściowy'', ''tania'' → -- ''tani'', ''wielkie'' → ''wielki'', and likewise a non-virile plural such as ''Zjednoczone''). Take the first ending -- of its rule gender (`plural` for a plural) that it has, and replace it with the soft masculine ending if the ending -- is `soft` or the stem ends in a letter of `soft_after`, and with the hard one otherwise. data.adjective_lemma = { endings = { f = { { "ia", soft = true }, { "a" } }, n = { { "ie", soft = true }, { "e" } }, plural = { { "ie", soft = true }, { "e" } }, }, soft = "i", hard = "y", soft_after = { k = true, g = true }, } -- The endings that follow the softened consonant of a virile nominative plural (''krew|ni'', ''pols|c|y''), used to -- find the masculine of a virile adjectival word. data.virile_endings = { "", "y" } -- The noun slot that each adjective slot of an adjectival word fills, by the rule gender of the noun. `plural` is the -- plural of every rule gender except `m-pr`, whose plural is in its own entry. The vocative is the nominative. data.adjectival_slots = { ["m-pr"] = { nom_s = "nom_m", gen_s = "gen_mn", dat_s = "dat_mn", acc_s = "acc_m_an", ins_s = "ins_mn", loc_s = "loc_mn", voc_s = "nom_m", nom_p = "nom_mp_pers", acc_p = "acc_mp_pers", voc_p = "nom_mp_pers", gen_p = "gen_p", dat_p = "dat_p", ins_p = "ins_p", loc_p = "loc_p", }, ["m-anml"] = { nom_s = "nom_m", gen_s = "gen_mn", dat_s = "dat_mn", acc_s = "acc_m_an", ins_s = "ins_mn", loc_s = "loc_mn", voc_s = "nom_m", }, ["m-in"] = { nom_s = "nom_m", gen_s = "gen_mn", dat_s = "dat_mn", acc_s = "acc_m_in", ins_s = "ins_mn", loc_s = "loc_mn", voc_s = "nom_m", }, f = { nom_s = "nom_f", gen_s = "gen_f", dat_s = "dat_f", acc_s = "acc_f", ins_s = "ins_f", loc_s = "loc_f", voc_s = "nom_f", }, n = { nom_s = "nom_n", gen_s = "gen_mn", dat_s = "dat_mn", acc_s = "acc_n", ins_s = "ins_mn", loc_s = "loc_mn", voc_s = "nom_n", }, plural = { nom_p = "nom_p_not_mp_pers", gen_p = "gen_p", dat_p = "dat_p", acc_p = "acc_p_not_mp_pers", ins_p = "ins_p", loc_p = "loc_p", voc_p = "nom_p_not_mp_pers", }, } -- The adjective slots that always have the forms of another slot, by source slot: the dative, instrumental and -- locative feminine singular come from the genitive and accusative, the locative masculine singular from the -- instrumental, and the locative plural from the genitive. data.adjective_shared = { gen_f = { "dat_f", "loc_f" }, acc_f = { "ins_f" }, ins_mn = { "loc_mn" }, gen_p = { "loc_p" }, } -- The accusatives an adjective takes from other slots, as pairs of source and accusative. data.adjective_accusatives = { { "nom_n", "acc_n" }, { "gen_mn", "acc_m_an" }, { "nom_m", "acc_m_in" }, { "gen_p", "acc_mp_pers" }, { "nom_p_not_mp_pers", "acc_p_not_mp_pers" }, { "nom_mp_npers", "acc_mp_npers" }, { "nom_fp", "acc_fp" }, { "nom_np", "acc_np" }, } -- The last letter of an adjective stem that drops before an ending starting with the given letter (e.g. ''moj-'' + -- ''-ich'' → ''moich''). data.adjective_dropped = { j = "i" } -- The archaic dative added by `archdat` (''polsku''): its ending, added to the adjective's stem, and its footnote (a -- key of `notes`). data.archaic_dative = { "u", note = "archaic" } --[==[ The irregular adjectives of `<irreg>`, tried on the lemma in order. `pattern` captures the stem (or `stem` gives it), and each of the `sets` adds forms to the stem (plus `add`), with an optional footnote. A set's `endings` give the slots in which a regular adjective has its own forms; the other slots are shared as for every adjective (the dative, instrumental and locative feminine singular are the genitive, accusative and genitive; the locative masculine singular is the instrumental; and the locative plural is the genitive). `-` as an ending means the lemma itself. A set's `own` endings fill a slot without that sharing. `table` names a table with slots of its own (`dwa` for the plural of ''dwa'' and ''oba'', and `plonly` for the plural only). ]==] local function normal(nom_f, nom_n, nom_mp_pers, nom_p_not_mp_pers, gen_mn, gen_f, gen_p, dat_mn, dat_p, acc_f, ins_mn, ins_p) return { nom_f = nom_f, nom_n = nom_n, nom_mp_pers = nom_mp_pers, nom_p_not_mp_pers = nom_p_not_mp_pers, gen_mn = gen_mn, gen_f = gen_f, gen_p = gen_p, dat_mn = dat_mn, dat_p = dat_p, acc_f = acc_f, ins_mn = ins_mn, ins_p = ins_p, } end local DWA = { table = "dwa", sets = { { own = { nom_mp_pers = "aj", nom_mp_npers = "a", nom_fp = "ie", nom_np = "a", gen_p = { "u", "óch" }, dat_p = { "u", "om", "óm" }, ins_mnp = { "oma", "u" }, ins_fp = { "iema", "oma", "u" }, loc_p = { "u", "óch" }, }, } }, } data.irregular_adjectives = { { pattern = "^(dw)a$", table = DWA.table, sets = DWA.sets }, { pattern = "^(ob)a$", table = DWA.table, sets = DWA.sets }, { pattern = "^(.*[st]w)ój$", sets = { { add = "oj", endings = normal("a", "e", "i", "e", "ego", "ej", "ich", "emu", "im", "ą", "im", "imi") }, { endings = normal("a", "e", nil, "e", "ego", "ej", "ych", "emu", "ym", "ą", "ym", "ymi"), note = "書面或古舊" }, } }, { pattern = "^(.*m)ój$", sets = { { add = "oj", endings = normal("a", "e", "i", "e", "ego", "ej", "ich", "emu", "im", "ą", "im", "imi") }, { endings = normal("a", "e", nil, "e", "ego", "ej", "ych", "emu", "ym", "ą", "ym", "ymi"), note = "書面或古舊" }, } }, { pattern = "^(.*)ten$", sets = { { endings = normal("ta", "to", "ci", "te", "tego", "tej", "tych", "temu", "tym", nil, "tym", "tymi") }, { own = { acc_f = "tę" } }, { own = { acc_f = "tą" }, note = "不推薦使用，但遠為常見" }, { own = { ins_f = "tą" } }, } }, -- ''tenże'' declines like ''ten'', with ''-ż'' after a vowel and ''-że'' after a consonant. { pattern = "^(.*)tenże$", sets = { { endings = normal("taż", "toż", "ciż", "też", "tegoż", "tejże", "tychże", "temuż", "tymże", nil, "tymże", "tymiż") }, { own = { acc_f = { "tęż", "tęże", "tąż", "tąże" }, ins_f = { "tąż", "tąże" } } }, } }, { pattern = "^(.*czyj)$", sets = { { endings = normal("a", "e", "i", "e", "ego", "ej", "ich", "emu", "im", "ą", "im", "imi") }, } }, { pattern = "^(.*sam)$", sets = { { endings = normal("a", "o", "i", "e", "ego", "ej", "ych", "emu", "ym", "ą", "ym", "ymi") }, } }, { pattern = "^(.*jed)en$", sets = { { add = "n", endings = normal("a", "o", "i", "e", "ego", "ej", "ych", "emu", "ym", "ą", "ym", "ymi") }, } }, { pattern = "^(on)$", sets = { { endings = normal("a", "o", "i", "e", "ego", "ej", "ych", "emu", "ym", "ą", "ym", "ymi") }, } }, { pattern = "^ów$", stem = "ow", sets = { { endings = normal("a", "o", "i", "e", "ego", "ej", "ych", "emu", "ym", "ą", "ym", "ymi") }, } }, { pattern = "^owy$", stem = "ow", sets = { { endings = normal("a", "o", "i", "e", "ego", "ej", "ych", "emu", "ym", "ą", "ym", "ymi") }, } }, { pattern = "^(.*il)e$", table = "plonly", sets = { { endings = normal(nil, nil, "u", "e", nil, nil, "u", nil, "u", nil, nil, "u") }, { own = { ins_p = "oma" }, note = "rare" }, } }, { pattern = "^(.*wszys)tek$", sets = { { add = "tk", endings = normal("a", "o", nil, "ie", "iego", "iej", "ich", "iemu", "im", "ą", "im", "imi"), archaic_dative = "u" }, { add = "c", own = { nom_mp_pers = "y" } }, } }, } --[==[ The adjective groups, keyed `adj common sg NOMINATIVE` (the lemma's ending, `y` or `i`) like the noun groups. ]==] data.adjective_groups = { ["adj common sg "] = { copies = { acc_m_an = "gen_mn", acc_m_in = "nom_m", acc_mp_pers = "gen_p", acc_n = "nom_n", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "nom_p_not_mp_pers", dat_f = "gen_f", dat_p = "ins_mn", loc_f = "gen_f", loc_mn = "ins_mn", loc_p = "gen_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_f = "ą", dat_mn = "emu", gen_f = "ej", gen_mn = "ego", gen_p = "ych", ins_f = "ą", ins_mn = "ym", ins_p = "ymi", nom_f = "a", nom_mp_pers = "", nom_n = "e", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "e" }, ["."] = { acc_f = "", dat_mn = "", gen_f = "", gen_mn = "", gen_p = "", ins_f = "", ins_mn = "", ins_p = "", nom_f = "", nom_n = "", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "" }, ["a"] = { acc_f = "", dat_mn = "", gen_f = "", gen_mn = "", gen_p = "", ins_f = "", ins_mn = "", ins_p = "", nom_f = "", nom_n = "", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "" }, ["ad"] = { acc_f = {}, dat_mn = {}, gen_f = {}, gen_mn = {}, gen_p = {}, ins_f = {}, ins_mn = {}, ins_p = {}, nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["asz"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "i", stem = "virile" } }, ["d"] = { acc_f = "", dat_mn = "", gen_f = "", gen_mn = "", gen_p = "", ins_f = "", ins_mn = "", ins_p = "" }, ["e"] = { acc_f = "", dat_mn = "", gen_f = "", gen_mn = "", gen_p = "", ins_f = "", ins_mn = "", ins_p = "", nom_f = "", nom_n = "", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "" }, ["en"] = { acc_f = { "ą", stem = "reduced" }, dat_mn = { "emu", stem = "reduced" }, gen_f = { "ej", stem = "reduced" }, gen_mn = { "ego", stem = "reduced" }, gen_p = { "ych", stem = "reduced" }, ins_f = { "ą", stem = "reduced" }, ins_mn = { "ym", stem = "reduced" }, ins_p = { "ymi", stem = "reduced" }, nom_f = { "a", stem = "reduced" }, nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "reduced+palatal" }, nom_n = { "e", stem = "reduced" }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "e", stem = "reduced" } }, ["ent"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["j"] = { acc_f = { "ą", stem = "shortened" }, dat_mn = { "emu", stem = "shortened" }, gen_f = { "ej", stem = "shortened" }, gen_mn = { "ego", stem = "shortened" }, ins_f = { "ą", stem = "shortened" }, nom_f = { "a", stem = "shortened" }, nom_n = { "e", stem = "shortened" }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "e", stem = "shortened" } }, ["l"] = { acc_f = "", dat_mn = "", gen_f = "", gen_mn = "", gen_p = "", ins_f = "", ins_mn = "", ins_p = "", nom_f = "", nom_n = "", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "" }, ["n"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["nd"] = { nom_f = "", nom_n = "", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "" }, ["nt"] = { acc_f = {}, dat_mn = {}, gen_f = {}, gen_mn = {}, gen_p = {}, ins_f = {}, ins_mn = {}, ins_p = {} }, ["o"] = { acc_f = "", dat_mn = "", gen_f = "", gen_mn = "", gen_p = "", ins_f = "", ins_mn = "", ins_p = "", nom_f = "", nom_n = "", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "" }, ["om"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["on"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "fronted+palatal" } }, ["r"] = { acc_f = "", dat_mn = "", gen_f = "", gen_mn = "", gen_p = "", ins_f = "", ins_mn = "", ins_p = "", nom_f = "", nom_n = "", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "" }, ["ron"] = { acc_f = "", dat_mn = "", gen_f = "", gen_mn = "", gen_p = "", ins_f = "", ins_mn = "", ins_p = "", nom_f = "", nom_mp_pers = "", nom_n = "", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "" }, ["rt"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["s"] = { acc_f = "", dat_mn = "", gen_f = "", gen_mn = "", gen_p = "", ins_f = "", ins_mn = "", ins_p = "", nom_f = "", nom_n = "", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "" }, ["w"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["yj"] = { acc_f = "ą", dat_mn = "emu", gen_f = "ej", gen_mn = "ego", ins_f = "ą", nom_f = "a", nom_n = "e", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "e" }, ["é"] = { acc_f = "", dat_mn = "", gen_f = "", gen_mn = "", gen_p = "", ins_f = "", ins_mn = "", ins_p = "", nom_f = "", nom_n = "", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "" }, ["ż"] = { acc_f = "", dat_mn = "", gen_f = "", gen_mn = "", gen_p = "", ins_f = "", ins_mn = "", ins_p = "", nom_f = "", nom_n = "", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "" }, }, }, ["adj common sg i"] = { copies = { acc_m_an = "gen_mn", acc_m_in = "nom_m", acc_mp_pers = "gen_p", acc_n = "nom_n", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "nom_p_not_mp_pers", dat_f = "gen_f", dat_p = "ins_mn", ins_f = "acc_f", loc_f = "gen_f", loc_mn = "ins_mn", loc_p = "gen_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_f = "ą", dat_mn = "iemu", gen_f = "iej", gen_mn = "iego", gen_p = "ich", ins_mn = "im", ins_p = "imi", nom_f = "a", nom_mp_pers = { "y", stem = "palatal" }, nom_n = "ie", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "ie" }, ["b"] = { acc_f = { "ą", stem = "palatal" }, dat_mn = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_f = { "ej", stem = "palatal" }, gen_mn = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, ins_mn = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, nom_f = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_n = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["c"] = { acc_f = "ią", nom_f = "ia", nom_mp_pers = "i" }, ["f"] = { acc_f = { "ą", stem = "palatal" }, dat_mn = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_f = { "ej", stem = "palatal" }, gen_mn = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, ins_mn = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, nom_f = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_n = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["i"] = { acc_f = "ją", dat_mn = "jemu", gen_f = "jej", gen_mn = "jego", nom_f = "ja", nom_mp_pers = "i", nom_n = "je", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "je" }, ["ks"] = { acc_f = { "", stem = "palatal" }, dat_mn = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_f = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_mn = { "", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_mn = { "", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_f = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_n = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["l"] = { dat_mn = "emu", gen_f = "ej", gen_mn = "ego", nom_mp_pers = "i", nom_n = "e", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "e" }, ["m"] = { acc_f = { "ą", stem = "palatal" }, dat_mn = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_f = { "ej", stem = "palatal" }, gen_mn = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, ins_mn = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, nom_f = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_n = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["n"] = { acc_f = { "ą", stem = "palatal" }, dat_mn = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_f = { "ej", stem = "palatal" }, gen_mn = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, ins_mn = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, nom_f = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_n = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["p"] = { acc_f = { "ą", stem = "palatal" }, dat_mn = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_f = { "ej", stem = "palatal" }, gen_mn = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, ins_mn = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, nom_f = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_n = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["s"] = { acc_f = { "ą", stem = "palatal" }, dat_mn = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_f = { "ej", stem = "palatal" }, gen_mn = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, ins_mn = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, nom_f = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_n = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["u"] = { acc_f = "ją", dat_mn = "jemu", gen_f = "jej", gen_mn = "jego", nom_f = "ja", nom_mp_pers = "i", nom_n = "je", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "je" }, ["w"] = { acc_f = { "ą", stem = "palatal" }, dat_mn = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_f = { "ej", stem = "palatal" }, gen_mn = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, ins_mn = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, nom_f = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_n = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, ["y"] = { acc_f = "ją", dat_mn = "jemu", gen_f = "jej", gen_mn = "jego", nom_f = "ja", nom_mp_pers = "i", nom_n = "je", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "je" }, ["z"] = { acc_f = { "ą", stem = "palatal" }, dat_mn = { "emu", stem = "palatal" }, gen_f = { "ej", stem = "palatal" }, gen_mn = { "ego", stem = "palatal" }, gen_p = { "ch", stem = "palatal" }, ins_mn = { "m", stem = "palatal" }, ins_p = { "mi", stem = "palatal" }, nom_f = { "a", stem = "palatal" }, nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_n = { "e", stem = "palatal" }, nom_p_not_mp_pers = { "e", stem = "palatal" } }, }, }, ["adj common sg y"] = { copies = { acc_m_an = "gen_mn", acc_m_in = "nom_m", acc_mp_pers = "gen_p", acc_n = "nom_n", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "nom_p_not_mp_pers", dat_f = "gen_f", dat_p = "ins_mn", ins_f = "acc_f", loc_f = "gen_f", loc_mn = "ins_mn", loc_p = "gen_p" }, rules = { [""] = { acc_f = "ą", dat_mn = "emu", gen_f = "ej", gen_mn = "ego", gen_p = "ych", ins_mn = "ym", ins_p = "ymi", nom_f = "a", nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" }, nom_n = "e", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "e" }, ["c"] = { nom_mp_pers = "y" }, ["dzn"] = { nom_mp_pers = "i" }, ["h"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "i", stem = "virile" } }, ["on"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "fronted+palatal" } }, ["r"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "y", stem = "palatal" } }, ["ron"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["soł"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "i", stem = "fronted+palatal" } }, ["sz"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "i", stem = "virile" } }, ["won"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["z"] = { nom_mp_pers = "y" }, ["ł"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "i", stem = "palatal" } }, ["łon"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal" } }, ["łzł"] = { nom_mp_pers = { { "i", stem = "virile" }, { "i", stem = "palatal" } } }, ["ż"] = { nom_mp_pers = "y" }, ["żd"] = { nom_mp_pers = { "", stem = "palatal", note = "rare" } }, }, }, } return data 1mnjbye3xzsbdau4y9qsps9p4ofl57h 828 3557737 9959905 2026-11-03T11:15:57Z TongcyBot 83009 同步英語維基詞典 Module:zlw-lch-decl/data/zlw-opl（enwt 93769962） 9959905 Scribunto text/plain --[==[ Old Polish data for [[Module:zlw-lch-decl]]: the indicators of {{tl|zlw-opl-ndecl}} and the pronouns of `<pron>`. Old Polish tables only list attested forms, so nothing is generated by rule. ]==] local data = {} -- Every Old Polish table is attested, i.e. it lists the forms given and generates nothing. data.attested = true -- The tooltip over the row header of each case, giving the (modern) Polish name of the case and its questions. data.case_titles = { nom = "mianownik (kto? co?)", gen = "dopełniacz (kogo? czego?)", dat = "celownik (komu? czemu?)", acc = "biernik (kogo? co?)", ins = "narzędnik (kim? czym?)", loc = "miejscownik (o kim? o czym?)", voc = "wołacz (o!)", } data.indicators = { noun = { m = { group = "gender" }, f = { group = "gender" }, n = { group = "gender" }, pr = { group = "animacy" }, anml = { group = "animacy" }, inan = { group = "animacy" }, sg = { group = "number" }, pl = { group = "number" }, du = {}, recon = { value = "word" }, pron = {}, }, } data.pronouns = { ["czso"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "co", "cso", "czso" }, gen_s = { "czego" }, dat_s = { "czemu" }, acc_s = { "co", "cso", "czso" }, ins_s = { "czym" }, loc_s = { "czem", "czym" }, }, ["ja"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "ja", "jaz" }, gen_s = { "mnie", "mienie", "mie", "mię", "mnię" }, dat_s = { "mnie", "mienie", "minie", "mie", "mi", "mni", "ni" }, acc_s = { "mnie", "mię", "mie", "mnię", "nię", "mi" }, ins_s = { "mną" }, loc_s = { "mnie" }, }, ["kto"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "kto" }, gen_s = { "kogo" }, dat_s = { "komu" }, acc_s = { "kogo" }, ins_s = { "kim" }, loc_s = { "kim" }, }, ["ktoś"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "ktoś" }, gen_s = { "kogoś" }, dat_s = { "komuś" }, acc_s = { "kogoś" }, ins_s = { "kimś" }, loc_s = { "kimś" }, }, ["my"] = { numbers = { "p", "d" }, nom_d = { "wa" }, gen_d = { "naju" }, dat_d = { "nama" }, acc_d = { "wa" }, ins_d = { "nama" }, loc_d = { "naju" }, nom_p = { "my" }, gen_p = { "nas" }, dat_p = { "nam" }, acc_p = { "nas" }, ins_p = { "nami" }, loc_p = { "nas" }, }, ["nic"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "nic", "nics", "niczs", "nicso", "niczso" }, gen_s = { "niczego" }, dat_s = { "niczemu" }, acc_s = { "nic", "nics", "niczs", "nicso", "niczso" }, ins_s = { "niczym" }, loc_s = { "niczem", "niczym" }, }, ["nikt"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "nikt" }, gen_s = { "nikogo" }, dat_s = { "nikomu" }, acc_s = { "nikogo" }, ins_s = { "nikim" }, loc_s = { "nikim" }, }, ["siebie"] = { numbers = { "s" }, numberless = true, gen_s = { "siebie", "się" }, dat_s = { "sobie" }, acc_s = { "siebie", "się" }, ins_s = { "sobą" }, loc_s = { "sobie" }, }, ["ty"] = { numbers = { "s" }, nom_s = { "ty" }, gen_s = { "ciebie", "cie" }, dat_s = { "tobie", "cie", "ci", "ciebie" }, acc_s = { "ciebie", "cię", "cie" }, ins_s = { "tobą" }, loc_s = { "tobie" }, voc_s = { "ty" }, }, ["wy"] = { numbers = { "p", "d" }, dat_d = { "wama" }, ins_d = { "wama" }, nom_p = { "wy" }, gen_p = { "was" }, dat_p = { "wam" }, acc_p = { "was" }, ins_p = { "wami" }, loc_p = { "was" }, voc_p = { "wy" }, }, } return data svjuq85vklhd7swur28xl9w13n308xo 828 3557738 9959906 2026-11-03T11:15:59Z TongcyBot 83009 同步英語維基詞典 Module:zlw-lch-decl（enwt 95362324），本地化顯示文字與分類 9959906 Scribunto text/plain --[==[ intro: This module implements the declension tables of the Lechitic languages: {{tl|pl-ndecl}} for Polish nouns and {{tl|pl-adecl}} for Polish adjectives (both with their Middle Polish, Standard Kurpie and dialectal tables), and {{tl|zlw-opl-ndecl}} for Old Polish nouns. The following terminology is helpful to understand: * The '''lemma''' is the word being declined, normally the nominative singular, or the nominative plural of a plurale tantum. In a call it's followed by an inline spec of indicators in angle brackets, e.g. {{tl|pl-ndecl|<m.anml.*.datu>}} (the page name as an animal noun with a mobile ''e'' and the dative in ''-u'') or {{tl|pl-ndecl|Morze<n.sg> Bałtyckie<+>}}. * A '''slot''' is a particular combination of case and number, e.g. `nom_s` or `loc_p`. Each slot is one cell of a table. * The '''stem''' is the lemma minus its nominative ending. A '''group''' is the set of nouns that share one set of rules; a '''rule''' gives the forms of a slot for the stems that end in particular letters; and a '''copy''' is a slot that takes its forms from another one. See [[Module:zlw-lch-decl/data/pl]] for the details. * An '''alternation''' is a change to the stem that a rule asks for: dropping or inserting the mobile ''e'', ''ó''/''o'' and ''ą''/''ę'', and the palatalizations. * A '''base''' is what [[Module:inflection utilities]] calls the parsed spec of a single word: its lemma, indicators and overrides, plus its forms once it has been declined. Authorship: [[User:Fenakhay]] ]==] local export = {} local M = require("Module:module loader").init { require = { inflection_table = "Module:inflection-table", inflection_utilities = "Module:inflection utilities", JSON = "Module:JSON", labels = "Module:labels", languages = "Module:languages", links = "Module:links", parameters = "Module:parameters", parse_utilities = "Module:parse utilities", utilities = "Module:utilities", }, loadData = { data = "Module:zlw-lch-decl/data", headword_data = "Module:headword/data", }, } -- Return the data module of the language `code` (`Module:zlw-lch-decl/data/CODE`) and its language object. `entry` is -- the entry point being invoked (`noun` or `adjective`); throw an error if `languages` in [[Module:zlw-lch-decl/data]] -- doesn't list that entry for the language. local function language_of(code, entry) local language = code and M.data.languages[code] if not language or not language[entry] then local codes = {} for known, entries in pairs(M.data.languages) do if entries[entry] then table.insert(codes, known) end end table.sort(codes) error(("The #invoke needs lang= with one of %s"):format(table.concat(codes, ", ")), 0) end return mw.loadData("Module:zlw-lch-decl/data/" .. code), M.languages.getByCode(code) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Spec -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --[==[ Object holding the indicators of a single word, i.e. the `<...>` after its lemma, e.g. `<m.anml.*.datu>`. `Spec.parse` is the `parse_indicator_spec` callback passed to [[Module:inflection utilities]]; it returns the base of the word, with its indicators by group and its overrides by slot. The indicators each template knows are listed under `indicators` in the language's data module, and an unknown one is an error that lists the known ones. ]==] local Spec = {} Spec.__index = Spec local function spec_error(message, text) error(message .. " in the spec '" .. text .. "'.", 0) end -- Return the footnotes in a group that `split_alternating_runs` produced from a bracketed run, i.e. the bracketed -- segments after the first segment. Throw an error if any text follows a footnote. local function fetch_footnotes(group, text) local footnotes for i = 2, #group - 1, 2 do if group[i + 1] ~= "" then spec_error("Only another footnote can follow a footnote", text) end footnotes = footnotes or {} table.insert(footnotes, group[i]) end return footnotes end --[==[ Parse an override of one or more slots of a noun. There are two kinds of overrides: * Endings, written `CASE[pl]ENDING:ENDING...`, e.g. `genu` or `insplami:mi`. These go on the stem that the slot's rule uses; an ending that starts with an apostrophe goes after the whole lemma (`gen'a` on ''Google'' gives ''Google'a''), and with `r:`, endings are written on the lemma like the rules' own (''Barthes'a''). * Whole forms, written `CASE[pl]:FORM:FORM...`, e.g. `voc:człowiecze:człowieku`. `CASE+CASE...` sets several cases at once, and `du` in place of `pl` names a dual slot (`nomdu`). Among endings, `+` stands for the forms the rules give, so that e.g. `nomplowie:+` adds ''-owie'' to them. `-` stands for no ending (among endings) or no form (among forms), and a footnote can follow any value. `depr` is the deprecative nominative plural of a masculine personal noun. Return two values: the slots the override applies to, and an object describing it. ]==] local Overrides = {} function Overrides.parse(group, text) local part = group[1] local slots = {} while true do if mw.ustring.sub(part, 1, 4) == "depr" then table.insert(slots, "depr_p") part = mw.ustring.sub(part, 5) else local case = mw.ustring.sub(part, 1, 3) if not M.data.case_codes[case] then spec_error(("Unrecognized case '%s' in an override"):format(case), text) end part = mw.ustring.sub(part, 4) if mw.ustring.find(part, "^pl") then part = mw.ustring.sub(part, 3) table.insert(slots, case .. "_p") elseif mw.ustring.find(part, "^du") then part = mw.ustring.sub(part, 3) table.insert(slots, case .. "_d") else table.insert(slots, case .. "_s") end end if mw.ustring.find(part, "^%+[a-z]") then part = mw.ustring.sub(part, 2) else break end end local override = {values = {}} if mw.ustring.find(part, "^:") then override.full = true part = mw.ustring.sub(part, 2) end group[1] = part for _, value_group in ipairs(M.parse_utilities.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(group, ":")) do local value = value_group[1] if value == "" then spec_error("Use - for an empty ending or no form", text) end table.insert(override.values, { form = value == "-" and "" or value, default = not override.full and value == "+" or nil, footnotes = fetch_footnotes(value_group, text), }) end return slots, override end -- The slots of an adjective table, which an override of {{tl|pl-adecl}} can name, with their accelerator tags (using the -- codes in [[Module:form of/data]], `nv` = non-virile). local ADJECTIVE_ACCEL = { nom_m = "nom|m|s", nom_f = "nom|f|s", nom_n = "nom|n|s", nom_mp_pers = "vr|nom|p", nom_p_not_mp_pers = "nv|nom|p", nom_mp_npers = "nv|nom|m|p", nom_fp = "nom|f|p", nom_np = "nom|n|p", gen_mn = "gen|m//n|s", gen_f = "gen|f|s", gen_p = "gen|p", dat_mn = "dat|m//n|s", dat_f = "dat|f|s", dat_p = "dat|p", acc_m_an = "an|acc|m|s", acc_m_in = "in|acc|m|s", acc_f = "acc|f|s", acc_n = "acc|n|s", acc_mp_pers = "vr|acc|p", acc_p_not_mp_pers = "nv|acc|p", acc_mp_npers = "nv|acc|m|p", acc_fp = "acc|f|p", acc_np = "acc|n|p", ins_mn = "ins|m//n|s", ins_f = "ins|f|s", ins_p = "ins|p", ins_mnp = "ins|m//n|p", ins_fp = "ins|f|p", loc_mn = "loc|m//n|s", loc_f = "loc|f|s", loc_p = "loc|p", nom_m_d = "nom|m|d", nom_fn_d = "nom|f//n|d", gen_d = "gen|d", dat_d = "dat|d", acc_m_d = "acc|m|d", acc_fn_d = "acc|f//n|d", ins_d = "ins|d", loc_d = "loc|d", short = "short", } --[==[ Parse an override of {{tl|pl-adecl}}, in the format of the former [[Module:pl-adjective]]: `SLOT[+SLOT...]:FORM:FORM...` with the slot names of the adjective, e.g. `nom_mp_pers:weseli` or `gen_p+loc_p:...`. Only whole forms are allowed. Return the same two values as `Overrides.parse`. ]==] function Overrides.parseAdjective(group, text) local slots = {} local value_groups = M.parse_utilities.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(group, ":") if #value_groups[1] > 1 then spec_error("A footnote can't follow the slot name of an override", text) end for slot in mw.text.gsplit(value_groups[1][1], "+", true) do if not ADJECTIVE_ACCEL[slot] then spec_error(("Unrecognized slot '%s' in an override"):format(slot), text) end table.insert(slots, slot) end local override = {values = {}, full = true} for i = 2, #value_groups do local value = value_groups[i][1] if value == "" then spec_error("Use - for no form", text) end table.insert(override.values, {form = value == "-" and "" or value, footnotes = fetch_footnotes(value_groups[i], text)}) end return slots, override end -- Return the definition of the indicator `name` for `template`, or nil if there isn't one. local function indicator_definition(data, template, name) return data.indicators[template][name] end -- Return true if `part` of a spec is an override, i.e. it begins with a case code (or `depr`) and isn't an indicator. local function is_override(data, template, part) local name = mw.ustring.match(part, "^([^:]*)") or part if indicator_definition(data, template, name) then return false end return M.data.case_codes[mw.ustring.sub(part, 1, 3)] ~= nil or mw.ustring.sub(part, 1, 4) == "depr" end -- Return true if `part` (`NAME:VALUE`) is an indicator that takes a value (e.g. `decllemma:dń` or `lect:skur`) rather -- than an override. local function takes_value(data, template, part) local definition = indicator_definition(data, template, mw.ustring.match(part, "^([^:]+):")) return definition and definition.value ~= nil end function Spec.parse(angle_bracket_spec, template, data, lang) local inside = mw.ustring.match(angle_bracket_spec, "^<(.*)>$") local base = setmetatable({overrides = {}, indicators = {}, groups = {}, template = template, data = data, lang = lang, text = angle_bracket_spec}, Spec) if inside == "" then return base end local segments = M.parse_utilities.parse_balanced_segment_run(inside, "[", "]") for _, group in ipairs(M.parse_utilities.split_alternating_runs_and_strip_spaces(segments, "%.")) do local part = group[1] if part == "" then if #group == 1 then spec_error("Empty indicator (two periods in a row, or a period at an end)", angle_bracket_spec) end base.footnotes = fetch_footnotes(group, angle_bracket_spec) elseif template == "adjective" and mw.ustring.find(part, ":") and not takes_value(data, template, part) or template ~= "adjective" and is_override(data, template, part) then local slots, override if template == "adjective" then slots, override = Overrides.parseAdjective(group, angle_bracket_spec) else slots, override = Overrides.parse(group, angle_bracket_spec) end for _, slot in ipairs(slots) do if base.overrides[slot] then spec_error(("Two overrides for the slot '%s'"):format(slot), angle_bracket_spec) end base.overrides[slot] = override end else if #group > 1 then spec_error("A footnote can only follow an override or stand alone", angle_bracket_spec) end local name, value = mw.ustring.match(part, "^([^:]+):(.*)$") name = name or part local definition = indicator_definition(data, template, name) if not definition then local names = {} for known in pairs(data.indicators[template]) do table.insert(names, known) end table.sort(names) spec_error(("Unrecognized indicator '%s'; the indicators are %s"):format(name, table.concat(names, ", ")), angle_bracket_spec) end if definition.value and (value == nil or value == "") then spec_error(("The indicator '%s' needs a value ('%s:...')"):format(name, name), angle_bracket_spec) elseif not definition.value and value ~= nil then spec_error(("The indicator '%s' takes no value"):format(name), angle_bracket_spec) end if base.indicators[name] ~= nil then spec_error(("The indicator '%s' is given twice"):format(name), angle_bracket_spec) end local key = definition.group or name if base.groups[key] then spec_error(("The indicators '%s' and '%s' can't be used together"):format(base.groups[key], name), angle_bracket_spec) end base.groups[key] = name base.indicators[name] = value or true end end return base end -- Return the value set by a group of indicators (e.g. "m" for `gender`), or nil if none of the group was given. function Spec:group(group) local name = self.groups[group] if not name then return nil end return indicator_definition(self.data, self.template, name).sets or name end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Stem -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --[==[ Functions to find the stem of a lemma and apply the alternations of the language's data module to it. ]==] local Stem = {} -- Split a lemma into its stem and nominative ending. The ending is the first of the `nominative_endings` of its gender -- (`m`, `f` or `n`, or `plural` for a plurale tantum) that the lemma ends in with something before it, unless the -- ending is one of the gender's `nominative_after_consonant` and a vowel precedes it; if there's none, the lemma is its -- own stem and the ending is empty. function Stem.split(data, lemma, gender, plural) local after_consonant = not plural and data.nominative_after_consonant[gender] or {} for _, ending in ipairs(data.nominative_endings[plural and "plural" or gender]) do local stem = mw.ustring.match(lemma, "^(.+)" .. ending .. "$") if stem and not (after_consonant[ending] and mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.sub(stem, -1), "[" .. data.vowels .. "]")) then return stem, ending end end return lemma, "" end -- Replace the last letters of `stem` according to `map`, trying the longest keys first (up to three letters). Return -- nil if the stem ends in none of the keys. local function replace_final(stem, map) for _, length in ipairs({3, 2, 1}) do if mw.ustring.len(stem) >= length then local final = mw.ustring.sub(stem, -length) if map[final] then return mw.ustring.sub(stem, 1, -length - 1) .. map[final] end end end return nil end -- Remove the mobile vowel from `stem`, i.e. the first of the data's `mobile_vowels` that it has before its final -- consonants. Return nil if it has none. local function reduce(data, stem) local vowels = data.vowels for _, mobile in ipairs(data.mobile_vowels) do local head, final = mw.ustring.match(stem, "^(.-)" .. mobile[1] .. "([^" .. vowels .. "]+)$") if head and head ~= "" and not (mobile.after_consonant and mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.sub(head, -1), "[" .. vowels .. "]")) then return (mobile.soften and replace_final(head, data[mobile.soften]) or head) .. final end end return nil end -- Join a stem and an ending as the language spells them. Before a vowel, a final soft consonant is written with the -- data's `soft_vowel` (''koń'' + ''-a'' → ''konia''). After it, an ending's first vowel goes if it is one of -- `soft_vowel_absorbs` (''goleń'' + ''-i'' → ''goleni''), as it does after a softening of the stem that ends in the -- soft vowel (`softened`: ''Herodzi-'' + ''-y'' → ''Herodzi''). After a stem's own soft vowel, the ending's -- `hard_vowel` is dropped if that vowel spells a soft consonant (''niuni-'' + ''-y'' → ''niuni'') and written as the -- soft vowel if not (''Ili-'' + ''-y'' → ''Ilii''). local function join(data, stem, ending, softened) if not mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.sub(ending, 1, 1), "[" .. data.vowels .. "]") then return stem .. ending end local spelled = replace_final(stem, data.soft) local vowel = data.soft_vowel local after_vowel = mw.ustring.sub(stem, -mw.ustring.len(vowel)) == vowel if not spelled and not (softened and after_vowel) then local hard = data.hard_vowel if after_vowel and mw.ustring.sub(ending, 1, mw.ustring.len(hard)) == hard then local rest = mw.ustring.sub(ending, mw.ustring.len(hard) + 1) return stem .. (replace_final(stem, data.final_soft) and rest or vowel .. rest) end return stem .. ending end stem = spelled or stem for _, absorbed in ipairs(data.soft_vowel_absorbs) do local length = mw.ustring.len(absorbed) if mw.ustring.sub(ending, 1, length) == absorbed then return stem .. mw.ustring.sub(ending, length + 1) end end return stem .. ending end -- Insert `vowel` before the last consonant of `stem`, spelling a soft consonant before it as before any vowel -- (''bańk-'' → ''baniek''). Return nil if the stem doesn't end in two consonants. local function insert(data, stem, vowel) local vowels = data.vowels local head, final = mw.ustring.match(stem, "^(.-[^" .. vowels .. "])([^" .. vowels .. "])$") return head and join(data, head, vowel) .. final or nil end -- Change the vowel of the last syllable of `stem`, whose vowels are the letters of `vowels`, according to `map` -- (`shorten`, `lengthen` or `front` in the data, or `clear` of a lect's paradigm). Return nil if that vowel isn't one -- of the keys of `map`. local function alternate(vowels, stem, map) local letters = "" for vowel in pairs(map) do letters = letters .. vowel end local head, vowel, tail = mw.ustring.match(stem, "^(.*)([" .. letters .. "])([^" .. vowels .. "]*)$") return head and head .. map[vowel] .. tail or nil end -- Return the stem that `label` names, which is either `plain` or a set of alternations joined with "+" (e.g. -- `reduced+palatal`). Return nil if one of the alternations doesn't apply to `stem`. function Stem.apply(data, stem, label) local text = stem for part in mw.text.gsplit(label, "+", true) do if not text then return nil end if part == "reduced" then text = reduce(data, text) elseif mw.ustring.find(part, "^inserted_") then -- `inserted_VOWEL` puts the mobile vowel VOWEL in. text = insert(data, text, mw.ustring.sub(part, 10)) elseif part == "truncated" then text = replace_final(text, data.truncate) elseif part == "spelled" then text = replace_final(text, data.spelled) elseif part == "shortened" then text = alternate(data.vowels, text, data.shorten) elseif part == "lengthened" then text = alternate(data.vowels, text, data.lengthen) elseif part == "fronted" then text = alternate(data.vowels, text, data.front) elseif part == "soft" or part == "final_soft" then -- This is only a spelling, so leave the stem alone if it has no such letter. text = replace_final(text, data[part]) or text elseif part == "palatal" or part == "virile" then text = replace_final(text, data[part]) elseif part == "irregular" then text = "" elseif part ~= "plain" then error(("Internal error: unknown alternation '%s'"):format(part)) end end return text end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Noun rules -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --[==[ Object holding the rules of one word's group, with the word's indicators applied. `NounRules.new(base)` finds the group from the word's gender, kind, number and nominative ending, and `:forms(slot)` returns the forms of a slot by the rule of the longest matching stem ending, as form objects `{form = ..., footnotes = {...}}`. ]==] local NounRules = {} NounRules.__index = NounRules local function group_key(rule_gender, kind, plural, nominative) return ("%s %s %s %s"):format(rule_gender, kind, plural and "pl" or "sg", nominative) end function NounRules.new(base, word) local data = base.data local rule_gender = data.rule_gender[base.gender] if type(rule_gender) == "table" then rule_gender = rule_gender[base.animacy] end local plural = base.number == "pl" -- A plurale tantum is either masculine personal (m-pr) or not, and the non-personal ones share the groups of the -- neuter. if plural and rule_gender ~= "m-pr" then rule_gender = "n" end if not rule_gender then spec_error(("The noun '%s' needs a gender (m, f or n)"):format(word), base.text) end local stem, nominative = Stem.split(data, word, rule_gender:sub(1, 1), plural) local kind = base.kind or "common" local group = data.noun_groups[group_key(rule_gender, kind, plural, nominative)] or kind ~= "common" and data.noun_groups[group_key(rule_gender, "common", plural, nominative)] if not group then error(("No rules for %s nouns in -%s ('%s'); give the forms with overrides and <!>"):format( rule_gender, nominative, word), 0) end return setmetatable({base = base, data = data, word = word, stem = stem, nominative = nominative, group = group, labels = {}, head_slot = plural and "nom_p" or "nom_s"}, NounRules) end -- Return the rule of `slot` for this stem, i.e. the rule of the longest stem ending (up to three letters) that has one. function NounRules:rule(slot) local rules = self.group.rules for size = math.min(3, mw.ustring.len(self.stem)), 0, -1 do local suffix = size == 0 and "" or mw.ustring.sub(self.stem, -size) local by_slot = rules[suffix] if by_slot and by_slot[slot] then return by_slot[slot] end end return nil end -- Return true if a part of an alternation label is about the mobile vowel, i.e. it's `reduced` or `inserted_VOWEL`. local function is_mobile(part) return part == "reduced" or mw.ustring.find(part, "^inserted_") ~= nil end -- Return the alternation label of an ending of a rule, with the word's indicators applied. `-*` takes out the mobile -- vowel and `*` puts it in: for a lemma ending in a consonant it's dropped before an ending, and for one ending in a -- vowel it's inserted into a bare stem (as `inserted_vowel` in the data says). `-#` and `#` do the same for ''ó''/''o'' -- and ''ą''/''ę''. A bare form of a lemma ending in a consonant is the lemma itself (e.g. the accusative of an -- inanimate noun) and takes neither. function NounRules:label(label, ending) local base = self.base local parts = {} for part in mw.text.gsplit(label, "+", true) do parts[part] = true end local mobile = false for part in pairs(parts) do mobile = mobile or is_mobile(part) end local consonant_final = self.nominative == "" if base.reducible == false then for part in pairs(parts) do if is_mobile(part) then parts[part] = nil end end elseif base.reducible and not mobile then if consonant_final and ending ~= "" then parts.reduced = true elseif ending == "" then local inserted = self.data.inserted_vowel parts["inserted_" .. (inserted.after[mw.ustring.sub(self.stem, -2, -2)] or inserted.default)] = true end end if base.quantity == "none" then parts.shortened, parts.lengthened = nil, nil elseif base.quantity == "full" and not (parts.shortened or parts.lengthened) then if consonant_final and ending ~= "" then parts.shortened = true elseif ending == "" then parts.lengthened = true end end -- Put the parts in the order they apply in, with the mobile vowel first. local ordered = {} if parts.reduced then table.insert(ordered, "reduced") end local inserted = {} for part in pairs(parts) do if mw.ustring.find(part, "^inserted_") then table.insert(inserted, part) end end table.sort(inserted) for _, part in ipairs(inserted) do table.insert(ordered, part) end for _, name in ipairs({"truncated", "spelled", "shortened", "lengthened", "fronted", "soft", "final_soft", "palatal", "virile", "irregular"}) do if parts[name] then table.insert(ordered, name) end end return ordered[1] and table.concat(ordered, "+") or "plain" end -- Return the last consonant of a stem, which is either one of the data's `digraphs` or a single letter. local function final_consonant(data, stem) local last_two = mw.ustring.sub(stem, -2) return data.digraphs[last_two] and last_two or mw.ustring.sub(stem, -1) end -- Return `lemma` followed by `ending`, with an apostrophe between them if the ending starts with a vowel. This is how a -- form of a word read as another (`r:`) is written (''Barthes'a'', ''Kennedy'ego'', ''Kennedym''). local function written_form(data, lemma, ending) if ending == "" then return lemma end return lemma .. (mw.ustring.find(mw.ustring.sub(ending, 1, 1), "[" .. data.vowels .. "]") and "'" or "") .. ending end function NounRules:form(label, ending, note) local footnotes = note and {"[" .. self.data.notes[note] .. "]"} or nil local written = self.base.indicators.r and self.base.lemma -- An apostrophe keeps the lemma whole before the ending (''Google'' → ''Google'a''). if mw.ustring.sub(ending, 1, 1) == "'" then return {form = (written or self.word) .. ending, footnotes = footnotes} end local full = self:label(label, ending) local stem = Stem.apply(self.data, self.stem, full) or self.stem local form = join(self.data, stem, ending, stem ~= self.stem) -- With `r:`, the forms are written on the lemma. For a word read with a nominative ending (''Kennedi''), what follows -- that ending in each ending goes after the lemma (''Kennedy'ego''). For one read with none (''Bart''), a form that -- changes the stem is written as it's built (''Barcie''), and the other forms put the ending after the lemma without -- the ''i'' that spells a velar before a vowel (''Jakiem'', but ''Jacques'em''). if written and self.nominative ~= "" then local length = mw.ustring.len(self.nominative) form = written_form(self.data, written, mw.ustring.sub(ending, 1, length) == self.nominative and mw.ustring.sub(ending, length + 1) or ending) elseif written and stem == self.stem then local rest = ending if self.data.stem_types.velar[final_consonant(self.data, stem)] and mw.ustring.find(rest, "^i[" .. self.data.vowels .. "]") then rest = mw.ustring.sub(rest, 2) end form = written_form(self.data, written, rest) end -- Keep the form's alternations: the table's categories come from the forms it shows. local object = {form = form, footnotes = footnotes} self.labels[object] = full return object end -- Return the endings of a rule's cell as a list of `{ending, stem = ..., note = ...}`. A cell is an ending (a string), -- one ending with a stem or note (e.g. `{ "e", stem = "palatal" }`), or a list of either (e.g. `{ "i", "ów" }`). local function cell_endings(cell) if type(cell) == "string" then return {{cell}} elseif type(cell[1]) == "string" and cell[2] == nil then return {cell} end local list = {} for _, ending in ipairs(cell) do table.insert(list, type(ending) == "string" and {ending} or ending) end return list end -- Return the forms of `slot` according to its rule, or nil if the group has no rule for the slot. function NounRules:forms(slot) local cell = self:rule(slot) if not cell then return nil end local list = {} for _, ending in ipairs(cell_endings(cell)) do table.insert(list, self:form(ending.stem or "plain", ending[1], ending.note)) end return list end -- Return the alternation label for an ending given in an override of `slot`. If the ending is one of the rule's own -- endings, use that ending's label; otherwise use the label of the rule's first ending minus the softening that its -- ending brings (`palatal` before ''-e'', `virile` before the virile ''-i''/''-y''). This way ''dom'' with the locative -- ''-u'' gives ''domu'', and ''Polak'' with the nominative plural ''-owie'' gives ''Polakowie''. function NounRules:overrideLabel(slot, ending) local cell = self:rule(slot) local endings = cell and cell_endings(cell) or {} for _, item in ipairs(endings) do if item[1] == ending then return item.stem or "plain" end end local kept = {} for part in mw.text.gsplit(endings[1] and endings[1].stem or "plain", "+", true) do if part ~= "palatal" and part ~= "virile" and part ~= "irregular" and part ~= "plain" then table.insert(kept, part) end end return kept[1] and table.concat(kept, "+") or "plain" end --[==[ Object holding the rules of an adjective, with the methods of `NounRules`. The group comes from `adjective_groups` according to the ending of the lemma (one of `adjective_nominatives`). Adjectives take no stem indicators. ]==] local AdjectiveRules = setmetatable({}, {__index = NounRules}) AdjectiveRules.__index = AdjectiveRules function AdjectiveRules.new(base, word) local data = base.data local stem, nominative, group for _, ending in ipairs(data.adjective_nominatives) do stem = mw.ustring.match(word, "^(.+)" .. ending .. "$") if stem then nominative = ending group = data.adjective_groups["adj common sg " .. ending] break end end if not group then local endings = {} for _, ending in ipairs(data.adjective_nominatives) do table.insert(endings, "-" .. ending) end error(("'%s' doesn't end in %s; an irregular adjective takes <irreg>"):format(word, table.concat(endings, " or ")), 0) end return setmetatable({base = base, data = data, word = word, stem = stem, nominative = nominative, group = group, head_slot = "nom_m", labels = {}}, AdjectiveRules) end --[==[ Object holding the rules of a lect's paradigm, i.e. an entry of `lect_tables` with `table = "paradigm"`, such as Standard Kurpie (`lect:skur`). The paradigm is the table in the data named by the entry's `rules`. Its `types` decide the type of a lemma, and each type has one ending per slot. It answers the same calls from `decline_word` as `NounRules`. ]==] local ParadigmRules = {} ParadigmRules.__index = ParadigmRules -- Return the stem, type and declension (the gender whose endings it takes) of a lemma in `paradigm`, decided by its -- gender and ending (see `types` in the data). With `soft`, a stem whose last consonant can come from mazuration takes -- its entry's soft type. `name` is the name of the lect, for the error messages. local function paradigm_type(data, paradigm, name, word, gender, soft, text) for _, entry in ipairs(gender and paradigm.types[gender] or {}) do local stem = entry.ending == "" and word or mw.ustring.match(word, "^(.+)" .. entry.ending .. "$") if stem and not (entry.consonant_final and mw.ustring.find(word, "[" .. paradigm.vowels .. "]$")) then local final = final_consonant(data, stem) local type = entry.default for _, class in ipairs(entry.by_final or {}) do if paradigm[class[1]][final] then type = class[2] break end end if soft then if not entry.soft then spec_error(("In the %s rules, a %s noun like '%s' can't take 'soft'"):format(name, M.data.genders[gender].name, word), text) elseif type == entry.soft then spec_error(("The stem '%s' is soft already, so 'soft' isn't needed"):format(stem), text) elseif not paradigm.mazurated[final] then local finals = {} for consonant in pairs(paradigm.mazurated) do table.insert(finals, consonant) end table.sort(finals) spec_error(("'soft' needs a stem that ends in a consonant from mazuration (%s), unlike '%s'"):format( table.concat(finals, ", "), stem), text) end type = entry.soft end return stem, type, entry.declension or gender end end spec_error(("The %s rules have no %s noun like '%s'; give its forms as overrides"):format(name, gender and M.data.genders[gender].name or "genderless", word), text) end -- Return `stem` with the slanted vowel of its last syllable made clear by the `clear` table of `paradigm`, or by -- `clear_before_nasal` when one of its `nasals` follows the vowel. Return nil if that vowel isn't slanted. local function clear_vowel(paradigm, stem) local vowels = paradigm.vowels local following = mw.ustring.match(stem, "[" .. vowels .. "]([^" .. vowels .. "]?)[^" .. vowels .. "]*$") local before_nasal = paradigm.nasals and paradigm.nasals[following] and paradigm.clear_before_nasal return alternate(vowels, stem, before_nasal or paradigm.clear) end function ParadigmRules.new(base, word, paradigm, name) local data = base.data local plural = base.number == "pl" local stem, type, declension if plural then -- A plurale tantum is declined from its nominative plural, with the plural endings of its gender's hard stems. if not paradigm.plural_nominatives then spec_error(("The %s rules have no pluralia tantum"):format(name), base.text) end for _, ending in ipairs(paradigm.plural_nominatives) do stem = stem or mw.ustring.match(word, "^(.+)" .. ending .. "$") end if not stem then spec_error(("The %s rules have no plurale tantum like '%s'"):format(name, word), base.text) end if base.indicators.soft then spec_error(("In the %s rules, a plurale tantum can't take 'soft'"):format(name), base.text) end type, declension = "hard", base.gender or "n" else stem, type, declension = paradigm_type(data, paradigm, name, word, base.gender, base.indicators.soft, base.text) end local consonant_final = not plural and stem == word if declension == "m" and base.animacy ~= "inan" and paradigm.animate_types and paradigm.animate_types[type] then type = paradigm.animate_types[type] end if base.reducible then stem = reduce(data, stem) or spec_error(("The stem '%s' has no mobile e"):format(stem), base.text) end -- With `#`, the forms with an ending have the clear vowel of `clear_stem`. local clear_stem if base.quantity == "none" then spec_error(("The %s rules have no vowel alternation for '-#' to remove"):format(name), base.text) elseif base.quantity == "full" then if not paradigm.clear then spec_error(("The %s rules have no vowel alternation for '#'"):format(name), base.text) elseif not consonant_final then spec_error(("In the %s rules, '#' needs a lemma that ends in a consonant"):format(name), base.text) end clear_stem = clear_vowel(paradigm, stem) or spec_error(("The stem '%s' has no slanted vowel for '#' to make clear"):format(stem), base.text) end local endings = paradigm.nouns[declension][type] if plural then local plural_endings = {} for slot, ending in pairs(endings) do if mw.ustring.find(slot, "_p$") then plural_endings[slot] = ending end end endings = plural_endings end local copies = {} for slot, source in pairs(paradigm.copies[declension]) do copies[slot] = source end if base.gender == "m" then for slot, source in pairs(paradigm.animate_copies[base.animacy]) do copies[slot] = source end end return setmetatable({base = base, data = data, paradigm = paradigm, word = word, stem = stem, clear_stem = clear_stem, endings = endings, group = {copies = copies}, head_slot = plural and "nom_p" or "nom_s"}, ParadigmRules) end -- Return one form: the stem (with its clear vowel before an ending, under `#`), palatalized if `label` is `palatal` (by -- the paradigm's own `palatal` table), followed by the ending. After a hardened consonant, the first letter of the -- ending is respelled by `hardened_spelling`. function ParadigmRules:form(label, ending, note) local paradigm = self.paradigm local stem = self.clear_stem and ending ~= "" and self.clear_stem or self.stem if label == "palatal" then stem = replace_final(stem, paradigm.palatal) or stem end if paradigm.hardened and paradigm.hardened[final_consonant(self.data, stem)] then local respelled = paradigm.hardened_spelling and paradigm.hardened_spelling[mw.ustring.sub(ending, 1, 1)] if respelled then ending = respelled .. mw.ustring.sub(ending, 2) end end return {form = stem .. ending, footnotes = note and {"[" .. self.data.notes[note] .. "]"} or nil} end function ParadigmRules:forms(slot) local cell = self.endings[slot] if not cell then return {} end if type(cell) == "string" then return {self:form("plain", cell)} end return {self:form(cell.stem or "plain", cell[1], cell.note)} end -- Return the stem label of a slot's rule. An ending given for the slot in an override goes on that stem. function ParadigmRules:overrideLabel(slot) local cell = self.endings[slot] return type(cell) == "table" and cell.stem or "plain" end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Declension -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Return the forms of a noun from the lexicon (`<irreg>`) or of an indeclinable noun (`<indecl>`). local function lexicon_forms(base, word) local forms = {} if base.indicators.irreg then local list = base.data.irregular_nouns[word] if not list then error(("'%s' is not one of the irregular nouns"):format(word), 0) end for i, slot in ipairs(base.data.slot_order) do forms[slot] = {{form = list[i]}} end elseif base.indicators.indecl then for _, slot in ipairs(base.data.slot_order) do forms[slot] = {{form = word}} end end return forms end -- Return the masculine nominative singular of an adjectival word given in another gender, using `adjective_lemma` in -- the data, e.g. ''teściowa'' → ''teściowy'', ''tania'' → ''tani'', ''bykowe'' → ''bykowy'', ''wielkie'' → -- ''wielki''. A plural such as ''Zjednoczone'' works the same way. local function adjective_lemma(data, word, rule_gender, plural) local lemma = data.adjective_lemma for _, ending in ipairs(lemma.endings[plural and "plural" or rule_gender] or {}) do local stem = mw.ustring.match(word, "^(.+)" .. ending[1] .. "$") if stem then return stem .. ((ending.soft or lemma.soft_after[mw.ustring.sub(stem, -1)]) and lemma.soft or lemma.hard) end end return word end --[==[ Return the masculine nominative singular that goes with a virile plural, e.g. ''krewni'' → ''krewny'', ''polscy'' → ''polski''. We try each word that the data's `palatal` table could have softened into the plural (before one of the `virile_endings`) and return the one whose virile nominative plural, as the adjective rules give it, is that plural. Return {nil} if there's none. ]==] local function virile_lemma(data, word) local adjective = {indicators = {}, overrides = {}, data = data} for final, softened in pairs(data.palatal) do for _, ending in ipairs(data.virile_endings) do local stem = mw.ustring.match(word, "^(.+)" .. softened .. ending .. "$") if stem then for _, nominative in ipairs(data.adjective_nominatives) do local lemma = stem .. final .. nominative local ok, rules = pcall(AdjectiveRules.new, adjective, lemma) if ok then for _, form in ipairs(rules:forms("nom_mp_pers")) do if form.form == word then return lemma end end end end end end end return nil end -- Return the forms of an adjective in a lect's paradigm (`lect:skur`): the endings of the paradigm's `adjective` added -- to the lemma minus its last letter, with the slots shared as for every adjective (`adjective_shared` in the data). local function paradigm_adjective_forms(data, paradigm, word) local stem = mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, -2) local forms = {nom_m = {{form = word}}} for slot, ending in pairs(paradigm.adjective) do forms[slot] = {{form = stem .. ending}} end for source, targets in pairs(data.adjective_shared) do for _, target in ipairs(targets) do forms[target] = forms[source] end end return forms end -- Return the forms of an adjectival word (`+`) in a lect's paradigm (`lect:skur`), in noun slots. Its masculine comes from -- the word as given: the word minus the paradigm's nominative ending for its gender and number, with ''-ï'' after one of -- the paradigm's `adjective_soft` consonants and ''-y'' otherwise. local function paradigm_adjectival_forms(base, word, rule_gender, plural) local data = base.data local paradigm = data[base.lect_table.rules] if not paradigm.adjective then spec_error(("The %s rules have no adjective declension"):format(base.lect_name), base.text) end local masculine = word if plural or rule_gender == "f" or rule_gender == "n" then local ending = paradigm.adjective[plural and (rule_gender == "m-pr" and "nom_mp_pers" or "nom_p_not_mp_pers") or "nom_" .. rule_gender] local stem = mw.ustring.match(word, "^(.+)" .. ending .. "$") or spec_error(("The adjectival word '%s' doesn't end in -%s"):format(word, ending), base.text) masculine = stem .. (paradigm.adjective_soft and paradigm.adjective_soft[final_consonant(data, stem)] and "ï" or "y") end local adjective = paradigm_adjective_forms(data, paradigm, masculine) for _, pair in ipairs(data.adjective_accusatives) do adjective[pair[2]] = adjective[pair[2]] or adjective[pair[1]] end local forms = {} for slot, adjective_slot in pairs(data.adjectival_slots[rule_gender]) do forms[slot] = adjective[adjective_slot] or {} end if rule_gender ~= "m-pr" then for slot, adjective_slot in pairs(data.adjectival_slots.plural) do forms[slot] = adjective[adjective_slot] or {} end end forms[plural and "nom_p" or "nom_s"] = {{form = word}} return forms end -- Return the forms of an adjectival word (`+`) in noun slots, using `adjectival_slots` in the data. local function adjectival_forms(base, word) local data = base.data local rule_gender = data.rule_gender[base.gender] if type(rule_gender) == "table" then rule_gender = rule_gender[base.animacy or "inan"] end local plural = base.number == "pl" if base.lect_table and base.lect_table.table == "paradigm" then return paradigm_adjectival_forms(base, word, rule_gender, plural) end local lemma = plural and rule_gender == "m-pr" and virile_lemma(data, word) or adjective_lemma(data, word, rule_gender, plural) local adjective = {lemma = lemma, indicators = {}, overrides = {}, data = data} local rules = AdjectiveRules.new(adjective, adjective.lemma) local function forms_of(slot) if slot == "nom_m" then return {{form = adjective.lemma}} end local source = rules.group.copies[slot] while source and rules.group.copies[source] do source = rules.group.copies[source] end if source == "nom_m" then return {{form = adjective.lemma}} end return rules:forms(source or slot) or {} end local forms = {} for slot, adjective_slot in pairs(data.adjectival_slots[rule_gender]) do forms[slot] = forms_of(adjective_slot) end if rule_gender ~= "m-pr" then for slot, adjective_slot in pairs(data.adjectival_slots.plural) do forms[slot] = forms_of(adjective_slot) end end -- The word as given heads its table. forms[plural and "nom_p" or "nom_s"] = {{form = word}} return forms end --[==[ Resolve the lect of a `lect:` indicator or a `[lect:CODE:PLACE]` tag through the aliases in the data module of the lects (`lect_module` in the language's data, which is [[Module:zlw-lch-IPA/data/pl]] for Polish). Return the code and the name of the lect. ]==] local function lect_of(data, code, text) local lects = mw.loadData(data.lect_module) code = lects.lect_aliases[code] or code local lect = lects.lects[code] if not lect then local codes = {} for known in pairs(lects.lects) do table.insert(codes, known) end table.sort(codes) spec_error(("Unrecognized lect '%s'; the lects are %s"):format(code, table.concat(codes, ", ")), text) end return code, lect.name end -- Return a footnote `[lect:CODE]` or `[lect:CODE:PLACE]` of a word of `base` as it's shown (the name of the lect, -- formatted as its label is, i.e. linked to the article on the dialect, followed by the place), along with the name of -- the lect and the list of places the tag gives. The places are separated by commas and may be followed by a note after -- a semicolon, which isn't a place: `[lect:MB:Czachówek, Wągrodno]` gives Czachówek and Wągrodno, and -- `[lect:MD:Przasnysz; in the sense “man”]` gives Przasnysz. Return nil if the footnote isn't a lect tag. local function lect_footnote(base, footnote) local code, place = mw.ustring.match(footnote, "^%[lect:([^:%]]+):?(.-)%]$") if not code then return nil end local _, name = lect_of(base.data, code, base.text) local label = M.labels.get_label_info{label = name, lang = base.lang, nocat = true}.label local places = {} for each in mw.text.gsplit(mw.ustring.match(place, "^[^;]*"), ",", true) do each = mw.text.trim(each) if each ~= "" then table.insert(places, each) end end return "[" .. label .. (place ~= "" and "（" .. place .. "）" or "") .. "]", name, places end -- Return the link target of a form of an attested lect, i.e. its modern spelling according to `respelling` (e.g. -- ''ptåka'' → ''ptaka''). Return nil if it's spelled the same. local function respelled(respelling, form) local target = mw.ustring.gsub(form, ".", respelling) return target ~= form and target or nil end -- Return a `generate_link` function for `show_forms` for the table of `spec`, which links a respelled form (one with a -- `target`) to its modern spelling. local function respelled_link(spec) return function(data) if data.form.target then return M.links.full_link{lang = spec.lang, term = data.form.target, alt = data.form.formval_for_link, tr = "-"} .. M.inflection_utilities.get_footnote_text(data.form.footnotes, data.footnote_obj) end end end -- Return a `transform_accel_obj` function for `show_forms` for the table of `spec`, or nil if the table has no id. A -- table with an id gives the lemma of its green links the id (`bek<id:defender>`), so that an entry they create is a -- form of this table's word only. local function accel_with_id(spec) if not spec.id then return nil end return function(slot, form, accel_obj) if accel_obj then accel_obj.lemma = accel_obj.lemma .. "<id:" .. spec.id .. ">" end return accel_obj end end --[==[ Return the forms of an attested table (Middle Polish `lect:mpl`, the `dialectal` table and every Old Polish table), which are the cells given, exactly as given, and nothing else. In a dialectal table, every form must have a lect, either from its own `[lect:...]` tag or from a tag given for the whole word. ]==] local function attested_forms(base) local forms = {} local word_lect, word_lect_name, word_places local word_footnotes = {} for _, note in ipairs(base.footnotes or {}) do local shown, name, places = lect_footnote(base, note) word_lect, word_lect_name, word_places = word_lect or shown, word_lect_name or name, word_places or places table.insert(word_footnotes, shown or note) end -- the forms with a lect tag of their own, which the lect tag of the word doesn't go on local own_lect = {} local respelling = base.lect_table and base.lect_table.respelling and base.data[base.lect_table.respelling] for slot, override in pairs(base.overrides) do if not override.full then spec_error(("An attested table takes whole forms: '%s:FORM'"):format(slot), base.text) end local list = {} for _, value in ipairs(override.values) do if value.form ~= "" then local footnotes, lect, lect_name, places = {}, nil, nil, nil for _, note in ipairs(value.footnotes or {}) do local shown, name, note_places = lect_footnote(base, note) lect, lect_name, places = lect or shown, lect_name or name, places or note_places table.insert(footnotes, shown or note) end if base.indicators.dialectal then if not lect and not word_lect then spec_error(("The dialectal form '%s' needs [lect:CODE]"):format(value.form), base.text) end end -- `lect` is the name of the form's lect and `places` the places of its lect tag (the form's own, or else -- the word's), which label the form's definition line (see `form_tag_sets`). local form = { form = value.form, target = respelling and respelled(respelling, value.form) or nil, footnotes = footnotes[1] and footnotes or nil, lect = lect_name or word_lect_name, places = lect and places or word_places, } own_lect[form] = lect and true or nil table.insert(list, form) end end forms[slot] = list end if base.footnotes then base.footnotes, base.word_lect, base.own_lect = word_footnotes, word_lect, own_lect end return forms end -- Return the entry of a pronoun in the data's `pronouns` along with the ending its forms take. This is the lemma's own -- entry (with no ending), or the entry of the pronoun it's made from plus one of the `pronoun_suffixes` (e.g. -- ''cośkolwiek'' is ''co'' plus ''-śkolwiek''). local function pronoun_entry(data, lemma) local pronouns = data.pronouns if pronouns[lemma] then return pronouns[lemma], "" end for _, suffix in ipairs(data.pronoun_suffixes or {}) do local head = mw.ustring.match(lemma, "^(.+)" .. suffix .. "$") if head and pronouns[head] then return pronouns[head], suffix end end return nil end -- Return the forms of a pronoun (`<pron>`) with their notes. In an attested table (Old Polish), the forms given in the -- spec go on top of them. local function pronoun_forms(base, word) local data = base.data local pronoun, suffix = pronoun_entry(data, word) if not pronoun then local lemmas = {} for lemma in pairs(data.pronouns) do table.insert(lemmas, lemma) end table.sort(lemmas) local message = ("No pronoun '%s'; the pronouns are %s"):format(word, table.concat(lemmas, ", ")) if data.pronoun_suffixes then local suffixes = {} for _, item in ipairs(data.pronoun_suffixes) do table.insert(suffixes, "-" .. item) end message = message .. ", and these with " .. table.concat(suffixes, ", ") end spec_error(message, base.text) end base.pronoun = pronoun local forms = {} for slot, list in pairs(pronoun) do if slot ~= "numbers" and slot ~= "numberless" then forms[slot] = {} for _, item in ipairs(list) do local form = {form = (type(item) == "table" and item[1] or item) .. suffix} if type(item) == "table" then form.footnotes = {} for _, note in ipairs(item.notes) do table.insert(form.footnotes, "[" .. data.notes[note] .. "]") end end table.insert(forms[slot], form) end end end if base.attested then for slot, list in pairs(attested_forms(base)) do forms[slot] = list end end return forms end -- Return the rule of a numeral in `rules` (`numeral_rules` or `collective_rules` in the data), i.e. the rule of the -- longest key that the lemma ends in, along with the lemma minus that key. local function numeral_rule(rules, word, text) for length = mw.ustring.len(word), 0, -1 do local key = length == 0 and "" or mw.ustring.sub(word, -length) if rules[key] then return rules[key], mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, mw.ustring.len(word) - length) end end spec_error(("No numeral declines like '%s'"):format(word), text) end -- Return the forms of a numeral (`<num>`), i.e. the endings of its rule added to its stem. local function numeral_forms(rules, base, word) local rule, stem = numeral_rule(rules, word, base.text) local forms = {} for slot, cell in pairs(rule) do forms[slot] = {} for _, ending in ipairs(cell_endings(cell)) do table.insert(forms[slot], {form = stem .. ending[1], footnotes = ending.note and {"[" .. base.data.notes[ending.note] .. "]"} or nil}) end end return forms end --[==[ Add the footnotes given for the whole word (`base.footnotes`) after the footnotes of every form, as new form objects, since a copied slot shares the form objects of its source. In an attested table the word's lect tag (`base.word_lect`) only goes on the forms without a lect tag of their own (`base.own_lect`). Return the forms. ]==] local function add_word_footnotes(base, forms) if not base.footnotes then return forms end for slot, list in pairs(forms) do local copy = {} for _, form in ipairs(list) do local footnotes = {} for _, note in ipairs(form.footnotes or {}) do table.insert(footnotes, note) end for _, note in ipairs(base.footnotes) do if not (note == base.word_lect and base.own_lect[form]) then table.insert(footnotes, note) end end -- a copy of the whole form, so that it keeps its lect and places for `form_tag_sets` local copied = {} for key, value in pairs(form) do copied[key] = value end copied.footnotes = footnotes table.insert(copy, copied) end forms[slot] = copy end return forms end --[==[ Decline a single word. This is the `inflect_word_spec` callback passed to [[Module:inflection utilities]]. First the rules fill every slot they cover. Then the overrides apply (an ending goes on the stem that the slot's rule uses, and a form replaces the cell), followed by the copies (unless a copy is overridden itself), the deprecative forms of a masculine personal noun (after its nominative plural, with a footnote) and finally the footnote for the whole word. ]==] local function decline_word(base) local word = base.indicators.decllemma or base.indicators.r or base.lemma local forms, rules if base.attested then base.forms = add_word_footnotes(base, base.indicators.pron and pronoun_forms(base, word) or attested_forms(base)) return elseif base.indicators.pron then forms = pronoun_forms(base, word) elseif base.indicators.num then forms = numeral_forms(base.data.collective_rules, base, word) elseif base.indicators.irreg or base.indicators.indecl then forms = lexicon_forms(base, word) elseif base.indicators["!"] then -- A manual table has only the forms its overrides give. forms = {} elseif base.indicators["+"] then forms = adjectival_forms(base, word) else rules = base.lect_table and base.lect_table.table == "paradigm" and ParadigmRules.new(base, word, base.data[base.lect_table.rules], base.lect_name) or NounRules.new(base, word) -- The lemma heads the table, even when another word is declined in its place (`decllemma`). forms = {[rules.head_slot] = {{form = base.lemma}}} -- The rules give the singular and the plural; only an attested table has the dual. for _, entry in ipairs(M.data.noun_slots) do local slot = entry.slot if entry.number ~= "d" and slot ~= rules.head_slot and not rules.group.copies[slot] then forms[slot] = rules:forms(slot) -- A form that is the declined word itself (e.g. an inanimate accusative) belongs to the lemma. for _, form in ipairs(forms[slot] or {}) do if form.form == word then form.form = base.lemma end end end end -- In a phrase the deprecative forms would agree with nothing (''pany młodzi''), so only a single word shows -- them. if not base.in_phrase then forms.depr_p = rules:forms("depr_p") end end for slot, override in pairs(base.overrides) do local list = {} local rule_forms = forms[slot] or {} for _, value in ipairs(override.values) do if value.default then for _, form in ipairs(rules and rules:forms(slot) or {}) do table.insert(list, form) end elseif override.full then if value.form ~= "" then local shown = {form = value.form, footnotes = value.footnotes} -- A whole form that the rules also give keeps their alternations for the categories (''ojca'' on -- ''ojciec''). for _, rule_form in ipairs(rule_forms) do if rule_form.form == value.form and rules and rules.labels then rules.labels[shown] = rules.labels[rule_form] end end table.insert(list, shown) end else local form = rules and rules:form(rules:overrideLabel(slot, value.form), value.form) or {form = word .. value.form} form.footnotes = value.footnotes table.insert(list, form) end end forms[slot] = list end if rules then -- A copy can copy another copy (e.g. the vocative of a feminine consonant-stem noun is its locative, which is -- its dative). Fill each one from the slot at the end of its chain, unless a slot along the way is overridden. local copies = rules.group.copies for slot in pairs(copies) do if not base.overrides[slot] then local source = copies[slot] while copies[source] and not base.overrides[source] do source = copies[source] end local list = {} for _, form in ipairs(forms[source] or {}) do table.insert(list, form) end forms[slot] = list end end end if forms.depr_p then forms.nom_p = forms.nom_p or {} -- A deprecative form that's the same as a virile form (e.g. ''zaklinacze'') isn't a separate form, so don't -- show it twice. local virile = {} for _, form in ipairs(forms.nom_p) do virile[form.form] = true end for _, form in ipairs(forms.depr_p) do if not virile[form.form] then local shown = {form = form.form, footnotes = form.footnotes or {"[" .. base.data.notes.deprecative .. "]"}} if rules and rules.labels then rules.labels[shown] = rules.labels[form] end table.insert(forms.nom_p, shown) end end forms.depr_p = nil end if rules and rules.labels then -- Collect the alternations of the forms the table shows, for its categories. A rule's form that an override -- replaced doesn't count, and neither does a form of a number the table doesn't show. rules.used = {} for slot, list in pairs(forms) do if not base.number or mw.ustring.sub(slot, -1) == mw.ustring.sub(base.number, 1, 1) then for _, form in ipairs(list) do for part in mw.text.gsplit(rules.labels[form] or "plain", "+", true) do rules.used[part] = true end end end end end base.forms = add_word_footnotes(base, forms) -- Keep the rules the forms came from, and the alternations they used, for the categories. base.rules = rules end -- Join an adjective stem and an ending. If the data's `adjective_dropped` says the last letter of the stem drops before -- the first letter of the ending, drop it (e.g. ''moj-'' + ''-ich'' → ''moich''). local function adjective_form(data, stem, ending) local before = data.adjective_dropped[mw.ustring.sub(stem, -1)] if before and mw.ustring.sub(ending, 1, mw.ustring.len(before)) == before then return mw.ustring.sub(stem, 1, -2) .. ending end return stem .. ending end -- Return the forms of an irregular adjective from `irregular_adjectives`, along with the layout of the table it needs -- (nil, `dwa` or `plonly`). local function irregular_adjective_forms(base, word) local data = base.data for _, entry in ipairs(data.irregular_adjectives) do local captured = mw.ustring.match(word, entry.pattern) if captured or entry.stem and mw.ustring.find(word, entry.pattern) then local forms = {} local function add(slot, stem, endings, note) if type(endings) == "string" then endings = {endings} end for _, ending in ipairs(endings or {}) do forms[slot] = forms[slot] or {} local form = ending == "-" and base.lemma or adjective_form(data, stem, ending) table.insert(forms[slot], {form = form, footnotes = note and {"[" .. note .. "]"} or nil}) end end if entry.table ~= "dwa" then add("nom_m", nil, "-") end for _, set in ipairs(entry.sets) do local stem = (entry.stem or captured) .. (set.add or "") for slot, endings in pairs(set.endings or {}) do add(slot, stem, endings, set.note) for _, target in ipairs(data.adjective_shared[slot] or {}) do add(target, stem, endings, set.note) end end for slot, endings in pairs(set.own or {}) do add(slot, stem, endings, set.note) end if set.archaic_dative and base.indicators.archdat then add("dat_mn", stem, set.archaic_dative, data.notes[data.archaic_dative.note]) end end return forms, entry.table end end error(("Unrecognized irregular adjective '%s'"):format(word), 0) end --[==[ Decline a single adjective. This is the `inflect_word_spec` callback passed to [[Module:inflection utilities]] for {{tl|pl-adecl}}. The rules (or the lexicon of irregular adjectives) fill the slots; then the overrides apply, followed by the accusatives taken from other slots (unless overridden) and the footnote for the whole word. An attested table has the cells given and nothing else. ]==] local function decline_adjective_word(base) local data = base.data local word = base.indicators.decllemma or base.lemma local forms, layout if base.attested then -- The cells given and nothing else, with the dual columns if `du` is given. forms, layout = attested_forms(base), base.indicators.du and "dual" or nil elseif base.indicators.irreg then forms, layout = irregular_adjective_forms(base, word) elseif base.indicators.lect then local paradigm = data[data.lect_tables[base.indicators.lect].rules] if not paradigm.adjective then spec_error(("The %s rules have no adjective declension"):format(base.lect_name), base.text) end forms = paradigm_adjective_forms(data, paradigm, word) -- With `decllemma`, the lemma itself heads the table (''båbcyn'' declined as ''båbcyny''). forms.nom_m = {{form = base.lemma}} elseif base.indicators.num then forms, layout = numeral_forms(data.numeral_rules, base, word), "plonly" else local rules = AdjectiveRules.new(base, word) -- With `decllemma`, the lemma itself still heads the table (''wart'' declined as ''warty''). forms = {nom_m = {{form = base.lemma}}} for _, slot in ipairs(data.adjective_slots) do if slot ~= "nom_m" and slot ~= "short" and not rules.group.copies[slot] then forms[slot] = rules:forms(slot) end end if base.indicators.archdat then local archaic = data.archaic_dative table.insert(forms.dat_mn, {form = rules.stem .. archaic[1], footnotes = {"[" .. data.notes[archaic.note] .. "]"}}) end -- Keep the slots that every adjective shares as copies, so that an override of the source carries over. for slot, source in pairs(rules.group.copies) do local accusative = mw.ustring.find(slot, "^acc") if not accusative and not base.overrides[slot] then forms[slot] = forms[source] end end end if not base.attested then for slot, override in pairs(base.overrides) do local list = {} for _, value in ipairs(override.values) do if value.form ~= "" then table.insert(list, {form = value.form, footnotes = value.footnotes}) end end forms[slot] = list end for _, pair in ipairs(data.adjective_accusatives) do local source, target = pair[1], pair[2] if not base.overrides[target] and forms[source] and not (base.indicators.irreg and forms[target]) then forms[target] = forms[source] end end end base.forms = add_word_footnotes(base, forms) base.layout = layout end -- Return the attested tables there are for `template` (`noun` or `adjective`), for the error messages: those of the -- language's attested lects and its dialectal table, plus the templates of the languages whose tables of that kind are -- all attested. local function attested_tables(data, template) local tables = {} local codes = {} for code, lect_table in pairs(data.lect_tables or {}) do if lect_table.table == "attested" then table.insert(codes, code) end end table.sort(codes) for _, code in ipairs(codes) do table.insert(tables, "<lect:" .. code .. ">") end if data.indicators[template].dialectal then table.insert(tables, "<dialectal>") end local languages = {} for code, language in pairs(M.data.languages) do if language[template] then table.insert(languages, code) end end table.sort(languages) for _, code in ipairs(languages) do if mw.loadData("Module:zlw-lch-decl/data/" .. code).attested then table.insert(tables, "{{" .. M.data.languages[code][template] .. "}}") end end return table.concat(tables, ", ") end -- Work out the table a base is for: its lect (`lect:CODE`), and whether the table is attested, i.e. has only the cells -- given (for an attested lect, the dialectal table, or a language whose tables are all attested). Throw an error if -- `recon` or `du` is given for a table that isn't attested, `soft` for a table without its lect's own rules, if a lect -- tag appears outside the dialectal table, or if a dual slot is given without `du`. local function resolve_table(base) local data = base.data if base.indicators.lect then base.indicators.lect, base.lect_name = lect_of(data, base.indicators.lect, base.text) base.lect_table = data.lect_tables[base.indicators.lect] if not base.lect_table then local codes = {} for code in pairs(data.lect_tables) do table.insert(codes, code) end table.sort(codes) spec_error(("The lect '%s' has no table of its own (the lects with one are %s); give its forms in a " .. "<dialectal> table"):format(base.indicators.lect, table.concat(codes, ", ")), base.text) end end base.attested = data.attested or base.indicators.dialectal or base.lect_table and base.lect_table.table == "attested" or nil for _, name in ipairs({"recon", "du"}) do if base.indicators[name] and not base.attested then spec_error(("Only an attested table (%s) takes '%s'"):format(attested_tables(data, base.template), name), base.text) end end if base.indicators.soft and not (base.lect_table and base.lect_table.table == "paradigm") then local codes = {} for code, lect_table in pairs(data.lect_tables) do if lect_table.table == "paradigm" then table.insert(codes, "<lect:" .. code .. ">") end end table.sort(codes) spec_error(("Only a lect with rules of its own (%s) takes 'soft'"):format(table.concat(codes, ", ")), base.text) end -- A form of a lect can only be tagged in the dialectal table, so that none ends up among the standard forms. if not base.indicators.dialectal then local function check(footnotes) for _, footnote in ipairs(footnotes or {}) do if mw.ustring.find(footnote, "^%[lect:") then spec_error(("A lect's form (%s) belongs in a <dialectal> table"):format(footnote), base.text) end end end check(base.footnotes) for _, override in pairs(base.overrides) do for _, value in ipairs(override.values) do check(value.footnotes) end end end if not base.indicators.du then for slot in pairs(base.overrides) do if mw.ustring.find(slot, "_d$") then spec_error(("The dual slot '%s' needs the indicator 'du'"):format(slot), base.text) end end end end -- Set the fields of a base that the rules use, based on its indicators. local function normalize_base(base) base.gender = base:group("gender") base.animacy = base:group("animacy") base.number = base:group("number") base.kind = base:group("kind") if base.indicators["*"] then base.reducible = true elseif base.indicators["-*"] then base.reducible = false end base.quantity = base.indicators["#"] and "full" or base.indicators["-#"] and "none" or nil if base.gender == "m" and not base.animacy then base.animacy = "inan" end resolve_table(base) -- `r:` gives the rules the word as it's read, so it needs a noun that the rules decline. if base.indicators.r and (base:group("type") or base.attested or base.lect_table) then spec_error("The indicator 'r' needs a noun that the rules decline", base.text) end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Output -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --[==[ Object to render the declined words as a table with [[Module:inflection-table]], with a column for each number shown and a row for each case. Each row has a `data-case` attribute so that scripts can reorder the cases. The cells come from `show_forms` in [[Module:inflection utilities]], linked with accelerators for the lemma, and the footnotes go under the table. ]==] local TableRenderer = {} TableRenderer.__index = TableRenderer function TableRenderer.new(spec) return setmetatable({spec = spec}, TableRenderer) end function TableRenderer:numbers() local numbers = {} for _, number in ipairs(M.data.numbers) do if self.spec.numbers[number.code] then table.insert(numbers, number) end end return numbers end -- Return the title of a table: `title=` if given, otherwise what the table is (e.g. "Declension of " or "Attested -- Middle Polish forms of ") followed by its head, unlinked. `suffix` follows the default title (`default_kind` and the -- lemma), e.g. the declension kinds of an adjective. function TableRenderer:title(default_kind, suffix) local spec = self.spec if spec.title then return spec.title end local kind, head = default_kind, spec.forms.lemma if spec.kind_title then kind, head, suffix = spec.kind_title[1], spec.kind_title[2] or head, nil end return M.links.full_link({lang = spec.lang, alt = head}, "term") .. kind .. (suffix or "") -- l10n: kind after the head end -- Return the first lines of a table titled `title`: the frame from [[Module:inflection-table]], with its first row -- opened. function TableRenderer:top(title) return {M.inflection_table.make_top{ title = title, palette = "blue", tall = "yes", lang = self.spec.lang:getCode(), }} end -- Close the table in `lines` with its footnotes and categories, and return its wikitext. function TableRenderer:finish(lines) local spec = self.spec table.insert(lines, M.inflection_table.make_bottom{notes = spec.forms.footnote or ""}) if spec.categories[1] and not spec.nocat then table.insert(lines, M.utilities.format_categories(spec.categories, spec.lang)) end return table.concat(lines, "\n") end function TableRenderer:render() local spec = self.spec local numbers = self:numbers() local slot_list = {} for _, case in ipairs(M.data.cases) do for _, number in ipairs(numbers) do -- A table with one number doesn't name it in its accelerators, and an attested or lect table has none -- ("-"). local accel = (spec.attested or spec.lect) and "-" or #numbers > 1 and case.accel .. "|" .. number.accel or case.accel table.insert(slot_list, {case.code .. "_" .. number.code, accel}) end end M.inflection_utilities.show_forms(spec.forms, { lang = spec.lang, lemmas = spec.lemmas, slot_list = slot_list, -- A Middle Polish form links to its modern spelling. generate_link = respelled_link(spec), transform_accel_obj = accel_with_id(spec), }) local lines = self:top(self:title(" 的變格")) -- make_top has already opened the first row. table.insert(lines, '! class="outer" |') for _, number in ipairs(numbers) do -- A numberless pronoun (e.g. ''siebie'') has an empty header over its one column. table.insert(lines, '! class="outer" | ' .. (spec.numberless and "" or number.name)) end for _, case in ipairs(M.data.cases) do table.insert(lines, ('|- data-case="%s"'):format(case.code)) table.insert(lines, ('! title="%s" | %s'):format(spec.data.case_titles[case.code], case.name)) for _, number in ipairs(numbers) do local cell = spec.forms[case.code .. "_" .. number.code] table.insert(lines, "| " .. (cell or "—")) end end return self:finish(lines) end --[==[ The rows of an adjective table, by layout. Each row is a case and its cells, and each cell is a slot and the number of columns it spans. The regular table has the masculine animate, masculine inanimate, feminine and neuter singular, then the virile and non-virile plural, as in the former [[Module:pl-adjective]]. The dual table (an attested table with `du`) puts the dual, masculine and feminine/neuter, between them. ]==] local ADJECTIVE_LAYOUTS = { regular = { columns = { {"單數", 4, {"陽性有生", "陽性無生", "陰性", "中性"}}, {"複數", 2, {"男性（即陽性個人）", "非男性"}}, }, rows = { {"nom", "主格/<wbr />呼格", {{"nom_m", 2}, {"nom_f"}, {"nom_n"}, {"nom_mp_pers"}, {"nom_p_not_mp_pers"}}}, {"gen", "屬格", {{"gen_mn", 2}, {"gen_f"}, {"gen_mn"}, {"gen_p", 2}}}, {"dat", "與格", {{"dat_mn", 2}, {"dat_f"}, {"dat_mn"}, {"dat_p", 2}}}, {"acc", "賓格", {{"acc_m_an"}, {"acc_m_in"}, {"acc_f"}, {"acc_n"}, {"acc_mp_pers"}, {"acc_p_not_mp_pers"}}}, {"ins", "工具格", {{"ins_mn", 2}, {"ins_f"}, {"ins_mn"}, {"ins_p", 2}}}, {"loc", "方位格", {{"loc_mn", 2}, {"loc_f"}, {"loc_mn"}, {"loc_p", 2}}}, }, }, plonly = { columns = { {"複數", 2, {"男性（即陽性個人）", "非男性"}}, }, rows = { {"nom", "主格/<wbr />呼格", {{"nom_mp_pers"}, {"nom_p_not_mp_pers"}}}, {"gen", "屬格", {{"gen_p", 2}}}, {"dat", "與格", {{"dat_p", 2}}}, {"acc", "賓格", {{"acc_mp_pers"}, {"acc_p_not_mp_pers"}}}, {"ins", "工具格", {{"ins_p", 2}}}, {"loc", "方位格", {{"loc_p", 2}}}, }, }, -- an attested table with the dual (`du`), between the singular and the plural dual = { columns = { {"單數", 4, {"陽性有生", "陽性無生", "陰性", "中性"}}, {"雙數", 2, {"陽性", "陰性/<wbr />中性"}}, {"複數", 2, {"男性（即陽性個人）", "非男性"}}, }, rows = { {"nom", "主格/<wbr />呼格", {{"nom_m", 2}, {"nom_f"}, {"nom_n"}, {"nom_m_d"}, {"nom_fn_d"}, {"nom_mp_pers"}, {"nom_p_not_mp_pers"}}}, {"gen", "屬格", {{"gen_mn", 2}, {"gen_f"}, {"gen_mn"}, {"gen_d", 2}, {"gen_p", 2}}}, {"dat", "與格", {{"dat_mn", 2}, {"dat_f"}, {"dat_mn"}, {"dat_d", 2}, {"dat_p", 2}}}, {"acc", "賓格", {{"acc_m_an"}, {"acc_m_in"}, {"acc_f"}, {"acc_n"}, {"acc_m_d"}, {"acc_fn_d"}, {"acc_mp_pers"}, {"acc_p_not_mp_pers"}}}, {"ins", "工具格", {{"ins_mn", 2}, {"ins_f"}, {"ins_mn"}, {"ins_d", 2}, {"ins_p", 2}}}, {"loc", "方位格", {{"loc_mn", 2}, {"loc_f"}, {"loc_mn"}, {"loc_d", 2}, {"loc_p", 2}}}, }, }, dwa = { columns = { {"複數", 4, {"陽性個人", "陽性非個人", "陰性", "中性"}}, }, rows = { {"nom", "主格/<wbr />呼格", {{"nom_mp_pers"}, {"nom_mp_npers"}, {"nom_fp"}, {"nom_np"}}}, {"gen", "屬格", {{"gen_p", 4}}}, {"dat", "與格", {{"dat_p", 4}}}, {"acc", "賓格", {{"acc_mp_pers"}, {"acc_mp_npers"}, {"acc_fp"}, {"acc_np"}}}, {"ins", "工具格", {{"ins_mnp", 2}, {"ins_fp"}, {"ins_mnp"}}}, {"loc", "方位格", {{"loc_p", 4}}}, }, }, } function TableRenderer:renderAdjective() local spec = self.spec local layout = ADJECTIVE_LAYOUTS[spec.layout] local slot_list = {} for slot, accel in pairs(ADJECTIVE_ACCEL) do table.insert(slot_list, {slot, (spec.lect or spec.attested) and "-" or accel}) end table.sort(slot_list, function(a, b) return a[1] < b[1] end) M.inflection_utilities.show_forms(spec.forms, { lang = spec.lang, lemmas = spec.lemmas, slot_list = slot_list, generate_link = respelled_link(spec), transform_accel_obj = accel_with_id(spec), }) local lines = self:top(self:title(" 的變格", spec.kinds[1] and "（" .. table.concat(spec.kinds, " // ") .. "）" or nil)) -- make_top has already opened the first row. Add the number headers, then the gender headers. table.insert(lines, '! class="outer" rowspan="2" |') for _, column in ipairs(layout.columns) do table.insert(lines, ('! class="outer" colspan="%d" | %s'):format(column[2], column[1])) end table.insert(lines, "|- class=\"secondary\"") for _, column in ipairs(layout.columns) do for _, header in ipairs(column[3]) do table.insert(lines, "! " .. header) end end for _, row in ipairs(layout.rows) do table.insert(lines, ('|- data-case="%s"'):format(row[1])) table.insert(lines, "! " .. row[2]) for _, cell in ipairs(row[3]) do local span = cell[2] and ('colspan="%d" | '):format(cell[2]) or "" table.insert(lines, "| " .. span .. (spec.forms[cell[1]] or "—")) end end if spec.forms.short and spec.forms.short ~= "—" then table.insert(lines, '|- data-case="short"') table.insert(lines, "! 短形式") table.insert(lines, '| colspan="2" | ' .. spec.forms.short) end return self:finish(lines) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- The call -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ --[==[ Decline a noun call without a frame. `args` are the template's arguments (`1` is the spec, along with `title` and `nocat`), `pagename` is the page the call is on and `lang_code` is the language code (`pl` or `zlw-opl`). Return the alternant multiword spec from [[Module:inflection utilities]], with the fields `forms` (a table mapping each slot to a list of form objects), `numbers` (a set of `s`, `d` and `p`), `categories`, `title` and `nocat`. ]==] function export.decline_noun(args, pagename, lang_code) local data, lang = language_of(lang_code, "noun") -- The angle brackets are omittable, so a bare word would be read as an indicator; with no spec, decline the page -- name with no indicators. local spec_text = args[1] or "" local parse_props = { parse_indicator_spec = function(angle_bracket_spec) local base = Spec.parse(angle_bracket_spec, "noun", data, lang) normalize_base(base) return base end, allow_blank_lemma = true, angle_brackets_omittable = true, } local spec = M.inflection_utilities.parse_inflected_text(spec_text, parse_props) local number, noun local word_count = 0 M.inflection_utilities.map_word_specs(spec, function() word_count = word_count + 1 end) M.inflection_utilities.map_word_specs(spec, function(base) if base.lemma == "" then base.lemma = pagename end -- An irregular noun has the gender and animacy of its lexicon entry. They're used if the spec gives none, and -- giving others is an error. local irregular = base.indicators.irreg and data.irregular_nouns[base.indicators.decllemma or base.lemma] if irregular then if base.gender and (base.gender ~= irregular.gender or base.animacy ~= irregular.animacy) then spec_error(("The irregular noun '%s' is <%s>"):format(base.lemma, irregular.gender .. (irregular.animacy and "." .. irregular.animacy or "")), base.text) end base.gender, base.animacy = irregular.gender, irregular.animacy end base.in_phrase = word_count > 1 and #spec.alternant_or_word_specs > 1 or nil number = number or base.number if not base.indicators["+"] and base.gender then noun = noun or base end end) -- An adjectival word (`+`) agrees with the noun of the phrase, taking whatever gender, animacy and number it -- doesn't give itself. M.inflection_utilities.map_word_specs(spec, function(base) if base.indicators["+"] and noun then base.gender = base.gender or noun.gender if base.gender == noun.gender then base.animacy = base.animacy or noun.animacy end base.number = base.number or noun.number end if base.indicators["+"] and not base.gender then error(("The adjectival word '%s' needs a gender, or a noun in the phrase"):format(base.lemma), 0) end end) local slot_list = {} for _, entry in ipairs(M.data.noun_slots) do table.insert(slot_list, {entry.slot, entry.slot}) end M.inflection_utilities.inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec(spec, { slot_list = slot_list, inflect_word_spec = decline_word, }) local first M.inflection_utilities.map_word_specs(spec, function(base) first = first or base end) spec.lang = lang spec.data = data spec.numbers = number == "sg" and {s = true} or number == "pl" and {p = true} or {s = true, p = true} if first.indicators.du then spec.numbers.d = true end -- A collective numeral has only the plural. if first.indicators.num then spec.numbers = {p = true} end if first.pronoun then spec.numbers = {} for _, number_code in ipairs(first.pronoun.numbers) do spec.numbers[number_code] = true end spec.numberless = first.pronoun.numberless end spec.categories = {} -- Only a table of the standard language is categorized; for the lects, the labels of the entry do that. if not first.attested and not first.indicators.lect then local function add(name, ...) -- l10n: the language name goes after the last 的 of the label, or in front of a label without one local label = data.categories[name]:format(...) local before, after = label:match("^(.*的)(.*)$") table.insert(spec.categories, before and before .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. after or lang:getCanonicalName() .. label) end if number == "sg" then add("singularia_tantum") elseif number == "pl" then add("pluralia_tantum") end if word_count == 1 then local indicators = first.indicators if indicators.irreg then add("irregular") elseif indicators.indecl then add("indeclinable") elseif indicators["+"] then add("adjectival") elseif first.rules and first.rules.used then local final = final_consonant(data, first.rules.stem) local stem_type = data.stem_types.velar[final] and "velar" or data.stem_types.soft[final] and "soft" or "hard" local gender = data.category_genders[first.gender] if type(gender) == "table" then gender = gender[first.animacy] end -- A plurale tantum has no gender to tell apart, except for a personal one. if gender and (number ~= "pl" or first.animacy == "pr") then add("stem", data.category_stem_types[stem_type], gender) -- l10n: the stem type as the category names it end local reducible = false for part in pairs(first.rules.used) do reducible = reducible or is_mobile(part) end if reducible then add("reducible") end local used = first.rules.used if used.shortened or used.lengthened then add("quantitative") end end end end -- An attested table says what it attests in its title. Its head is the nominative given, or the reconstructed one -- starred. spec.attested = first.attested local head if first.attested then local nominative = spec.forms[number == "pl" and "nom_p" or "nom_s"] head = first.indicators.recon and "*" .. first.indicators.recon or nominative and nominative[1] and M.links.remove_links(nominative[1].form) or nil end spec.lect = first.indicators.lect if first.indicators.lect then -- A paradigm's table is headed by the lemma, and an attested one by its nominative. spec.kind_title = {data.lect_titles[first.indicators.lect], first.attested and head or nil} elseif first.indicators.dialectal then spec.kind_title = {data.lect_titles.dialectal, head} elseif data.attested then spec.kind_title = {" 的變格", head} end spec.title = args.title spec.id = args.id spec.nocat = args.nocat spec.lemmas = {pagename} return spec end -- Return the kind of declension of an adjective, for its title and category: `irregular`, or the kind of the first -- entry in the data's `adjective_kinds` that its lemma matches (hard ''-y'', velar ''-ki'' and ''-gi'', or soft). local function adjective_kind(base) if base.indicators.irreg then return "不規則" end local word = base.indicators.decllemma or base.lemma for _, kind in ipairs(base.data.adjective_kinds) do if mw.ustring.find(word, kind[1]) then return kind[2] end end end --[==[ Decline an adjective call without a frame. `args` are the template's arguments (`1` is the spec, along with `title` and `nocat`), `pagename` is the page the call is on and `lang_code` is the language code (`pl`). Return the alternant multiword spec from [[Module:inflection utilities]], with the fields `forms`, `layout` (`regular`, `plonly`, `dwa` or `dual`), `kinds` (the declension kinds of its words), `pos` (the part of speech of the table, from `pos:` on one of its words), `categories`, `title` and `nocat`. ]==] function export.decline_adjective(args, pagename, lang_code) local data, lang = language_of(lang_code, "adjective") local parse_props = { parse_indicator_spec = function(angle_bracket_spec) return Spec.parse(angle_bracket_spec, "adjective", data, lang) end, allow_default_indicator = true, allow_blank_lemma = true, } local spec = M.inflection_utilities.parse_inflected_text(args[1] or pagename, parse_props) M.inflection_utilities.map_word_specs(spec, function(base) if base.lemma == "" then base.lemma = pagename end base.lemma = M.links.remove_links(base.lemma) -- The part of speech belongs to the whole table, so only one word may give it. local pos = base.indicators.pos if pos then if not data.parts_of_speech[pos] then local names = {} for name in pairs(data.parts_of_speech) do table.insert(names, name) end table.sort(names) spec_error(("Unrecognized part of speech '%s'; the parts of speech are %s"):format(pos, table.concat(names, ", ")), base.text) elseif spec.pos then spec_error("The part of speech ('pos:') is given on more than one word", base.text) end spec.pos = pos end resolve_table(base) end) local slot_list = {} for slot in pairs(ADJECTIVE_ACCEL) do table.insert(slot_list, {slot, slot}) end table.sort(slot_list, function(a, b) return a[1] < b[1] end) M.inflection_utilities.inflect_multiword_or_alternant_multiword_spec(spec, { slot_list = slot_list, inflect_word_spec = decline_adjective_word, }) spec.pos = spec.pos or "adjective" local plural_pos = data.parts_of_speech[spec.pos] spec.layout, spec.kinds, spec.categories = "regular", {}, {} local seen = {} M.inflection_utilities.map_word_specs(spec, function(base) -- A lect's table names its lect and isn't categorized, and neither is a numeral's. An attested table is headed -- by the masculine nominative given, or the reconstructed lemma starred. if base.attested then local nominative = spec.forms.nom_m spec.attested = true spec.lect = base.indicators.lect spec.kind_title = {data.lect_titles[spec.lect or "dialectal"], base.indicators.recon and "*" .. base.indicators.recon or nominative and nominative[1] and M.links.remove_links(nominative[1].form) or nil} spec.layout = base.layout or base.indicators.plonly and "plonly" or spec.layout return elseif base.indicators.lect then spec.lect = base.indicators.lect spec.kind_title = {data.lect_titles[spec.lect]} return elseif base.indicators.num then spec.layout = base.layout return end local function add(name, ...) -- l10n: the language name goes after the last 的 of the label, or in front of a label without one local label = data.categories[name]:format(...) local before, after = label:match("^(.*的)(.*)$") table.insert(spec.categories, before and before .. lang:getCanonicalName() .. after or lang:getCanonicalName() .. label) end local kind = adjective_kind(base) if not seen[kind] then seen[kind] = true table.insert(spec.kinds, kind) add("adjective_kind", kind, plural_pos) end if base.overrides.short then add("short_forms", plural_pos) end if base.indicators.decllemma then add("irregular_stem", plural_pos) end if base.layout or base.indicators.plonly then spec.layout = base.layout or "plonly" end end) spec.title = args.title spec.id = args.id spec.nocat = args.nocat spec.lang = lang spec.lemmas = {pagename} return spec end -- For each part of speech of a form template such as {{tl|pl-head}}, the entry points whose tables give its forms. local FORM_ENTRIES = { ["noun forms"] = {"noun"}, ["proper noun forms"] = {"noun"}, ["adjective forms"] = {"adjective"}, ["participle forms"] = {"adjective"}, ["pronoun forms"] = {"noun", "adjective"}, ["numeral forms"] = {"noun", "adjective"}, } --[==[ Return the templates whose tables give the forms of the part of speech `pos` (e.g. `noun forms`) in the language `lang_code`, as a table mapping each template to its entry point (`noun` or `adjective`). ]==] function export.form_templates(pos, lang_code) local entries = FORM_ENTRIES[pos] or error(("Unrecognized part of speech '%s'"):format(pos), 0) local entry_templates = M.data.languages[lang_code] or error(("Unrecognized language '%s'"):format(lang_code), 0) local templates = {} for _, entry in ipairs(entries) do local template = entry_templates[entry] if template then templates[template] = entry end end return templates end -- The slots of the declined noun `spec` that its table shows, in the order of the table, each as `{slot, case, number}` -- with `case` and `number` from [[Module:zlw-lch-decl/data]]. A singulare tantum still has plural forms, which it -- doesn't show. local function shown_noun_slots(spec) local shown = {} for _, case in ipairs(M.data.cases) do for _, number in ipairs(M.data.numbers) do if spec.numbers[number.code] then table.insert(shown, {case.code .. "_" .. number.code, case, number}) end end end return shown end -- The slots of the declined adjective `spec` that its table's layout shows, in the order of the table, then `short`. local function shown_adjective_slots(spec) local shown, seen = {}, {} for _, row in ipairs(ADJECTIVE_LAYOUTS[spec.layout].rows) do for _, cell in ipairs(row[3]) do if not seen[cell[1]] then seen[cell[1]] = true table.insert(shown, cell[1]) end end end table.insert(shown, "short") return shown end --[==[ Return the tag sets of `pagename` as a form of `lemma` in the language `lang_code`, from the declension calls on the lemma's page. `calls` is a list of `{template = NAME, args = ARGS}`, and `pos` is the part of speech of the form (e.g. `noun forms`), which determines the templates to read: those of its entry points in `FORM_ENTRIES`, as named in `languages` in [[Module:zlw-lch-decl/data]]. `slots` and `noslots`, if given, are sets of slot names to keep or leave out. A call that doesn't decline is skipped. Each form object in a slot that the table shows and whose form is `pagename` gives one tag set `{tags = {...}, labels = {...}}`, in the order of the table. For a noun, the tags are the case and number of the slot; for an adjective, the tags of the slot in `ADJECTIVE_ACCEL`, and a nominative slot gives a vocative tag set as well, after all the others, since the table shows the two cases as one row. The labels are the lect of the table or of the form, then the places of the form's lect tag (`[lect:pod:Odrowąż]` gives the labels Podhale and Odrowąż), then the form's usage notes (`notes` in the language's data module). So a form that is plain in one slot and labelled in another gives tag sets with different labels. If a call has `t=`, its tag sets carry it as `gloss`. ]==] function export.form_tag_sets(pagename, lemma, calls, pos, lang_code, slots, noslots) local templates = export.form_templates(pos, lang_code) local language = mw.loadData("Module:zlw-lch-decl/data/" .. lang_code) local usage_notes = {} for _, note in pairs(language.notes or {}) do usage_notes["[" .. note .. "]"] = note end local tag_sets = {} local function add(slot, form, tags, table_lect, gloss) if form.form ~= pagename or slots and not slots[slot] or noslots and noslots[slot] then return end local labels = {} if table_lect then table.insert(labels, table_lect) end if form.lect and form.lect ~= table_lect then table.insert(labels, form.lect) end for _, place in ipairs(form.places or {}) do table.insert(labels, place) end for _, footnote in ipairs(form.footnotes or {}) do if usage_notes[footnote] then table.insert(labels, usage_notes[footnote]) end end table.insert(tag_sets, {tags = tags, labels = labels, gloss = gloss}) end for _, call in ipairs(calls) do local entry = templates[call.template] local ok, spec = false, nil if entry == "noun" then ok, spec = pcall(export.decline_noun, call.args, lemma, lang_code) elseif entry == "adjective" then ok, spec = pcall(export.decline_adjective, call.args, lemma, lang_code) end if ok then local gloss = call.args.t and mw.text.trim(call.args.t) ~= "" and mw.text.trim(call.args.t) or nil local table_lect M.inflection_utilities.map_word_specs(spec, function(base) table_lect = table_lect or base.lect_name end) if entry == "noun" then for _, shown in ipairs(shown_noun_slots(spec)) do local slot, case, number = shown[1], shown[2], shown[3] for _, form in ipairs(spec.forms[slot] or {}) do add(slot, form, {case.accel, number.accel}, table_lect, gloss) end end else local vocatives = {} for _, slot in ipairs(shown_adjective_slots(spec)) do for _, form in ipairs(spec.forms[slot] or {}) do local tags = mw.text.split(ADJECTIVE_ACCEL[slot], "|", true) add(slot, form, tags, table_lect, gloss) for i, tag in ipairs(tags) do if tag == "nom" then local vocative = mw.clone(tags) vocative[i] = "voc" table.insert(vocatives, {slot, form, vocative}) end end end end for _, vocative in ipairs(vocatives) do add(vocative[1], vocative[2], vocative[3], table_lect, gloss) end end end end return tag_sets end -- Process the arguments of a call of the template of `entry` (`noun` or `adjective`). On the template's own page, a call -- with no arguments declines the language's example (`examples` in [[Module:zlw-lch-decl/data]]) instead of the page -- name. local function process_args(frame, entry) local language = M.data.languages[frame.args.lang] return M.parameters.process(frame:getParent().args, { [1] = {template_default = language and language.examples[entry]}, title = {}, id = {}, t = {}, nocat = {type = "boolean"}, json = {type = "boolean"}, pagename = {}, }) end -- The forms of the declined `spec` in `slots`, the names of the slots its table shows, as `json=1` gives them. local function shown_forms(spec, slots) local forms = {} for _, slot in ipairs(slots) do forms[slot] = spec.forms[slot] end return forms end -- Run the template entry point `entry` (`noun` or `adjective`) on the call of `frame`: decline it with `decline` -- (`export.decline_noun` or `export.decline_adjective`) and return its table, made by the `TableRenderer` method -- `render`, or with json=1 the table's data, as `json_data` gives it from the declined spec. local function run_entry(frame, entry, decline, render, json_data) local args = process_args(frame, entry) local spec = decline(args, args.pagename or M.headword_data.pagename, frame.args.lang) if args.json then return M.JSON.toJSON(json_data(spec)) end local renderer = TableRenderer.new(spec) return renderer[render](renderer) end --[==[ Entry point for {{tl|pl-ndecl}} and {{tl|zlw-opl-ndecl}}. Template-callable function to parse and decline a noun given user-specified arguments and generate a displayable table of the declined forms, or the table's data as JSON with {{para|json|1}}: the forms of the numbers it shows, its numbers, categories and title. ]==] function export.noun(frame) return run_entry(frame, "noun", export.decline_noun, "render", function(spec) local slots = {} for _, shown in ipairs(shown_noun_slots(spec)) do table.insert(slots, shown[1]) end return {forms = shown_forms(spec, slots), numbers = spec.numbers, categories = spec.categories, title = spec.title} end) end --[==[ Entry point for {{tl|pl-adecl}}. Template-callable function to parse and decline an adjective given user-specified arguments and generate a displayable table of the declined forms, or the table's data as JSON with {{para|json|1}}: the forms of the slots its layout shows, its layout, kinds, categories and title. ]==] function export.adjective(frame) return run_entry(frame, "adjective", export.decline_adjective, "renderAdjective", function(spec) return {forms = shown_forms(spec, shown_adjective_slots(spec)), layout = spec.layout, kinds = spec.kinds, categories = spec.categories, title = spec.title} end) end return export bqmbmlprlea1rurz8ps7grxptlnyy5o 10 3557739 9959909 2026-11-03T11:16:04Z TongcyBot 83009 同步英語維基詞典 Template:pl-ndecl（enwt 93937000） 9959909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:zlw-lch-decl|noun|lang=pl}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> iaubuvxpsr4dercj73jt8w0muk57ssb 10 3557740 9959910 2026-11-03T11:16:06Z TongcyBot 83009 翻譯自英語維基詞典 Template:pl-ndecl/documentation（enwt 93816272） 9959910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{uses lua|Module:zlw-lch-decl}} ==介紹== 本模板產生波蘭語名詞或名詞短語的變格表。按名詞變格的代詞（如 {{m|pl|on}}、{{m|pl|kto}}、{{m|pl|siebie}}）和集合數詞（如 {{m|pl|dwoje}}、{{m|pl|pięcioro}}）也用本模板；名詞的[[#中古波蘭語|中古波蘭語]]、[[#標準庫爾皮耶語|標準庫爾皮耶語]]和[[#方言形式|方言]]形式表格也由本模板產生。形容詞、按形容詞變格的代詞和基數詞請用 {{tl|pl-adecl}}。 每次呼叫產生一個表格。有兩種性別的名詞需要呼叫兩次，但同一性別的兩種變格可以寫成[[#短語|交替項]]放在同一個表格裡。 通常本模板只需要一個參數：'''詞元'''，後面接角括號，括號內寫性別。在 {{m|pl|kobieta}}： {{temp|pl-ndecl|kobieta<f>}} 詞元是單數主格；唯複名詞則是複數主格。省略詞元時，模板使用頁面名稱，所以在 {{m|pl|Polak}} 上這樣寫就夠了： {{temp|pl-ndecl|<m.pr>}} 這會產生男性複數主格 ''Polacy''，後面接帶註腳的貶抑形式 ''Polaki''（見[[#性別與有生性|下文]]）。 ===性別與有生性=== 除了代詞（<code>pron</code>）、不規則名詞（<code>irreg</code>）和已證實形式的表格以外，每個名詞都需要性別：<code>m</code>、<code>f</code> 或 <code>n</code>。陽性名詞另有有生性，決定其賓格和複數主格： * <code>pr</code>，陽性個人：單複數的賓格都與屬格相同，複數主格為男性形式（''Polak''、''Polacy''、''Polaków''）。 * <code>anml</code>，陽性動物：單數賓格與屬格相同（''kot''、''kota''）。 * <code>inan</code>，陽性無生，是 <code>m</code> 的預設值：賓格與主格相同（''dom''、''dom''）。 個人名詞還會得到複數主格的'''貶抑形式'''（deprecative）：以貶抑意味指人時使用的非男性形式，如 ''Polaki''。這些形式接在男性形式之後、放在同一格裡並加上註腳；與男性形式相同時則不重複列出。 ===數=== <code>sg</code> 產生只有單數的表格，<code>pl</code> 產生只有複數的表格。用 <code>pl</code> 時，詞元是複數主格：在 {{m|pl|drzwi}} 寫 {{code|drzwi<f.pl>}}，在 {{m|pl|państwo||夫婦}}（個人唯複名詞）寫 {{code|<m.pr.pl.genpl:państwa.datpl:państwu.locpl:państwu>}}。只有個人唯複名詞（<code>m.pr.pl</code>）的性別會改變變格；不過其他唯複名詞若有單數，仍請給出其單數的性別，因為短語中的形容詞要與它一致。 ===變格類型=== 模組依性別與有生性、名詞的種類和詞元的詞尾推出變格，所以大部分名詞只需要性別。模組認得以下詞元： * 以輔音結尾的陽性名詞：{{code|student<m.pr>}}、{{code|ptak<m.anml>}}、{{code|stół<m.inan>}}。以 ''-anin'' 結尾的個人名詞在複數中去掉 ''-in''（{{code|Rosjanin<m.pr>}} 產生 ''Rosjanie''、''Rosjan''），詞末的 ''-x'' 在詞尾前寫作 ''-ks-''（{{code|appendix<m.inan>}} 產生 ''appendiksu''）。 * 以 ''-a'' 和 ''-o'' 結尾的陽性名詞：{{code|poeta<m.pr>}}、{{code|kolega<m.pr>}}、{{code|dziadzio<m.pr>}}。 * 輔音後以 ''-y'' 和 ''-i'' 結尾、按形容詞變格的陽性名詞：{{code|Kowalski<m.pr>}}。在元音後，''-y'' 或 ''-i'' 屬於詞幹：{{code|playboy<m.pr>}} 產生 ''playboya''、''playboye''。 * 輔音後以 ''-e'' 結尾的陽性名詞（多為姓氏），單數用形容詞詞尾：{{code|Linde<m.pr.surname>}} 產生 ''Lindego'' 和 ''Lindowie''。''-e'' 不發音的外來詞把詞尾接在撇號後：{{code|Google<m.inan.sg>}} 產生 ''Google'u''。拼寫與讀法有其他差異的詞用 <code>r:</code>（見下文）。 * 以 ''-a''、''-i'' 或輔音結尾的陰性名詞：{{code|kobieta<f>}}、{{code|noc<f>}}、{{code|sól<f>}}。 * 以 ''-o''、''-e''、''-ę'' 和 ''-um'' 結尾的中性名詞：{{code|miasto<n>}}、{{code|serce<n>}}、{{code|imię<n>}}、{{code|muzeum<n>}}。 * 唯複名詞，依複數主格的詞尾（''-i''、''-y''、''-e'' 或 ''-a''），加 <code>pl</code>：{{code|drzwi<f.pl>}}、{{code|Ateny<f.pl>}}。 人名、姓氏、地名和其他專有名詞的變格可能與同類型的普通名詞不同；見下文的 <code>given</code>、<code>surname</code>、<code>place</code> 和 <code>proper</code>。 不規則名詞 {{m|pl|brat}}、{{m|pl|dziecko}}、{{m|pl|ksiądz}}、{{m|pl|książę}}、{{m|pl|arcyksiążę}} 和 {{m|pl|rok}} 用 <code>irreg</code> 從模組的詞庫取得詞形，代詞則用 <code>pron</code>。 ===指示符=== 模組需要知道的其他資訊也寫在角括號內、性別之後，以句點分隔的'''指示符'''表示：{{code|okno<n.*>}}、{{code|Kraków<m.inan.sg.place>}}。有些指示符在冒號後帶值。未知的指示符會報錯，錯誤訊息會列出所有已知的指示符；同一指示符給兩次、或同時給出兩個不能並用的指示符（例如兩個性別）也會報錯。指示符如下： * <code>*</code>：詞幹有規則沒有給出的'''移動 e'''。以輔音結尾的詞元，''e'' 在詞尾前脫落：{{code|ocet<m.inan.*>}} 的屬格是 ''octu''。以元音結尾的詞元，在沒有詞尾的形式中插入 ''e''（在 ''k'' 和 ''g'' 後為 ''ie''）：{{code|okno<n.*>}} 的複數屬格是 ''okien''。<code>-*</code> 去掉規則給出的移動 ''e''。 * <code>#</code>：詞幹在規則沒有給出的地方有 ''ó'' 與 ''o''、或 ''ą'' 與 ''ę'' 的交替：{{code|błąd<m.inan.#>}} 的屬格是 ''błędu''，{{code|koza<f.#>}} 的複數屬格是 ''kóz''。<code>-#</code> 去掉規則給出的交替：{{code|skrót<m.inan.-#>}} 的屬格是 ''skrótu''。 * <code>given</code>、<code>surname</code>、<code>place</code>、<code>proper</code>：名詞是人名、姓氏、地名或其他專有名詞。這些名詞的變格常與普通名詞不同；例如 {{code|Kowal<m.pr.surname>}} 的複數主格是 ''Kowalowie''。模組沒有該種名詞的規則時，使用普通名詞的規則。 * <code>+</code>：名詞按形容詞變格，如 {{code|teściowa<f.+>}}。詞元可以是任何性別，模組會自行推出陽性形式。短語見[[#短語|下文]]。 * <code>irreg</code>：上述不規則名詞之一，詞形全部給出：{{code|<irreg>}}。這些名詞有自己的性別，可以省略；給出不同的性別會報錯。 * <code>indecl</code>：名詞不變格，每一格都是詞元：{{code|kakao<n.indecl>}}。 * <code>pron</code>：按名詞變格的代詞，取自模組的詞庫：''co''、''coś''、''cóż''、''cokolwiek''、''ja''、''kto''、''ktoś''、''któż''、''ktokolwiek''、''my''、''nic''、''nikt''、''on''、''ona''、''ono''、''oni''、''one''、''siebie''、''ty''、''wszystko'' 和 ''wy''，以及這些詞加上 ''-ś''、''-kolwiek'' 或 ''-śkolwiek''（''ktośkolwiek''）。只能非重讀的形式（''go''、''mi''）或只用於介詞後的形式（''niego''）會加上註腳。代詞不需要性別：{{code|<pron>}}。 * <code>num</code>：集合數詞，以複數變格：{{code|dwoje<n.num>}}、{{code|pięcioro<n.num>}}。 * <code>!</code>：手動表格，只有以覆寫給出的詞形，不套用規則：{{code|<m.inan.!.nom:...>}}。用於沒有任何規則能變格的詞。 * <code>decllemma:</code>：以另一個詞代替詞元來變格，詞元仍作為表頭。{{m|pl|dzień}} 以詞幹 ''dń-'' 變格：{{code|<m.inan.decllemma:dń.nompl:dni:dnie.genpl:dni>}}。 * <code>r:</code>（「讀作」）：詞的讀法與拼寫不同。給出讀出來的詞幹，並在發音的地方保留詞本身的字母：''Barthes'' 給 <code>Bart</code>、''Shakespeare'' 給 <code>Shakespear</code>、''Bruce'' 給 <code>Brus</code>，''Kennedy'' 給 <code>Kennedi</code>（其 ''-y'' 讀作形容詞詞尾 ''-i''）。模組變格該詞幹，再把詞形寫在原詞上。詞尾接在原詞之後，元音前加撇號：{{m|pl|Barthes}} 上的 {{code|<m.pr.surname.r:Bart>}} 產生 ''Barthes'a''、''Barthes'em'' 和 ''Barthes'owie''，{{m|pl|Kennedy}} 上的 {{code|<m.pr.surname.r:Kennedi>}} 產生 ''Kennedy'ego'' 和 ''Kennedym''。使詞幹軟化的形式從詞幹寫出：''Barcie''、''Shakespearze''、''Brusie''。<code>r:</code> 不能與 <code>decllemma:</code> 並用。 * <code>lect:</code>、<code>dialectal</code>、<code>recon:</code>、<code>du</code>：其他語言變體的表格；見[[#中古波蘭語|下文]]。 ===覆寫詞形=== 如果模組產生的詞形有誤，或某個詞有模組無法產生的詞形，可以在指示符之間自行給出該格的詞形。先寫格（<code>nom</code>、<code>gen</code>、<code>dat</code>、<code>acc</code>、<code>ins</code>、<code>loc</code> 或 <code>voc</code>），複數再加 <code>pl</code>，然後寫詞尾或完整詞形。 詞尾直接接在格之後，以冒號分隔：<code>datu</code>（以 ''-u'' 結尾的單數與格）、<code>nomplowie</code>、<code>insplami:mi</code>。詞尾接在規則對該格所用的詞幹上，連同其移動 ''e'' 和其他交替。如果規則中該格沒有這個詞尾，詞尾就接在該詞幹上，但不帶規則本身詞尾所造成的軟化。所以 {{code|dom<m.inan.locu>}} 的方位格是 ''domu''，{{code|gość<m.pr.locu.vocu.nomple.inspl:gośćmi>}} 產生 ''gościu''、''goście'' 和 ''gośćmi''。在詞尾中： * <code>-</code> 表示零詞尾：<code>genpl-</code> 產生 ''sędzi''。 * <code>+</code> 代表規則給出的詞形，所以 <code>nomplowie:+</code> 在它們之前加上 ''-owie''。 * 以撇號開頭的詞尾接在整個詞元之後：{{m|pl|Google}} 上的 <code>gen'a</code> 產生 ''Google'a''。 完整詞形接在冒號之後：{{code|koń<m.anml.inspl:końmi>}}。這裡的 <code>-</code> 讓該格留空。由於句點用來分隔指示符，詞形內的句點（例如縮寫）要寫作 <code>&amp;#46;</code>：{{m|pl|dr}} 上的 <code>gen:dr&amp;#46;</code> 產生 ''dr.''。 可以一次讓幾個格採用相同的詞形：<code>gen+loc:domu</code>。註腳以方括號緊接在所屬的詞形或詞尾之後：{{code|oko<n.nompl:oczy.genpl:oczu:ócz[archaic]...>}}。單獨放在指示符之間的註腳，如 {{code|<f.[rare]>}}，會加在該詞的每個詞形上。 照抄其他格的格子（例如無生名詞的賓格或複數呼格）也會照抄覆寫後的詞形，除非它自己也被覆寫。個人名詞的貶抑形式用 <code>depr</code> 覆寫：<code>depr:Polaki</code>，或用 <code>depr:-</code> 表示沒有貶抑形式。 ===短語=== 短語逐詞變格。後面接角括號的詞依自己的指示符和覆寫變格，其他詞在每一格中都保持不變：{{m|pl|Morze Bałtyckie}} 上的 {{code|Morze<n.sg> Bałtyckie<+>}}、{{m|pl|kość niezgody}} 上的 {{code|kość<f.sg> niezgody}}、{{m|pl|maszyna do szycia}} 上的 {{code|maszyna<f> do szycia}}。 帶 <code>+</code> 的詞按形容詞變格，並與短語中的名詞（第一個有性別而沒有 <code>+</code> 的詞）一致。它採用該名詞的性別、有生性和數，除非自己另有給出，所以 {{m|pl|pan młody}} 上的 {{code|pan<m.pr> młody<+>}} 產生男性複數 ''panowie młodzi''。數請寫在名詞上，整個短語會跟著它。以連字號連接的詞分別變格：{{code|Bielsko<n.sg>-Biała<f.sg.+>}} 產生 ''Bielska-Białej''。有不只一個變格詞的短語沒有貶抑形式。 整個短語的替代形式寫成'''交替項'''，每一項都是一個短語：{{m|pl|Wielkanoc}} 上的 {{code|((Wielkanoc<f.sg>,Wielka<+>noc<f.sg.[rare]>))}}。交替項也可以把一個詞的兩種變格放在同一個表格裡：''Bargiel'' 上的 {{code|((<m.pr.surname.-*>,<m.pr.surname.*>))}} 同時產生 ''Bargiela'' 和 ''Bargla''。 ===其他參數=== ; {{para|title}} : 表格標題，取代自動產生的標題。 ; {{para|nocat|1}} : 不把頁面加入任何分類。 ; {{para|pagename}} : 作為詞元的頁面名稱，用於範例和測試。 ; {{para|json|1}} : 以 JSON 傳回表格資料而非表格，供機器人使用：<code>forms</code>（每個槽位，如 <code>gen_p</code>，及其詞形和註腳）、<code>numbers</code>、<code>categories</code> 和 <code>title</code>。 ==中古波蘭語== 中古波蘭語表格只列出詞的'''已證實'''形式，依[[:en:Wiktionary:Polish entry guidelines#Middle Polish|英語維基詞典波蘭語詞條準則]]的要求。給出 <code>lect:mpl</code> 和每一格的詞形，其他什麼都不用：模組不產生詞形、不照抄格子、不加分類，沒有詞形的格子顯示破折號。詞形照已證實的寫法書寫。帶 ''å''、''á'' 或 ''é'' 的詞形會連結到其現代拼寫，所以 ''ptåka'' 連結到 {{m|pl|ptaka}}。標題會寫出語言變體，所以表格前不需要再加「中古波蘭語：」之類的說明。在 {{m|pl|ptak}}： {{temp|pl-ndecl|<lect:mpl.nom:ptåk.gen:ptåka.dat:ptåkowi.nompl:ptåcy:ptåki>}} 不需要性別。如果主格本身沒有證據，用 <code>recon:</code> 給出，標題中會加星號顯示：{{code|<lect:mpl.recon:pieron.gen:pieronu>}}。 已證實的雙數形式放在雙數欄。在指示符中加 <code>du</code> 即加入雙數欄，其格子在格之後接 <code>du</code>（<code>nomdu</code>、<code>gendu</code> 等）：{{code|<lect:mpl.du.nom:ręka.nomdu:ręce.insdu:rękoma>}}。只有已證實形式的表格（中古波蘭語和方言表格）接受 <code>du</code>；標準語表格沒有雙數。 ==標準庫爾皮耶語== <code>lect:skur</code> 依 [[Module:zlw-lch-decl/data/pl]] 中的庫爾皮耶語詞尾和軟化規則，產生標準庫爾皮耶語名詞的表格。性別和有生性的寫法與波蘭語名詞相同，覆寫的用法也一樣，表格不加分類。在 {{m|pl|baba}} 用 {{code|<f.lect:skur>}}；在 {{m|pl|śïgel}} 用 {{code|<m.inan.lect:skur.*>}} 表示其移動 ''e''（''śïgla''）。庫爾皮耶語形容詞用 {{temp|pl-adecl|<lect:skur>}}。 傾斜元音（''ó''、''é''、''å'' 或 ''ą''）是否與清晰元音交替因詞而異，所以和標準波蘭語的 ''ó''／''o''、''ą''／''ę'' 一樣以 <code>#</code> 標示。用 <code>#</code> 時，以輔音結尾的詞元最後一個音節中的傾斜元音，在帶詞尾的形式中變為清晰元音（''o''、''e''、''a'' 或 ''ę̈''）：''kśądz'' 上的 {{code|<m.pr.lect:skur.#>}} 有斜格詞幹 ''kśę̈dz-''，''Bóg'' 的屬格為 ''Boga''。在 ''m''、''n'' 或 ''ń'' 前（''o'' 一律寫作 ''ó''），傾斜的 ''ó'' 與 ''a'' 交替。以元音結尾的詞元沒有不帶詞尾的形式，所以不接受 <code>#</code>。 以 ''-a'' 或 ''-å'' 結尾的有生陽性名詞按陰性名詞變格，只有複數賓格依其有生性：''starosta'' 上的 {{code|<m.pr.lect:skur>}} 產生 ''starosty''、''starostów''。唯複名詞加 <code>pl</code>，從複數主格變格：''Ńëmcy'' 上的 {{code|<m.pr.pl.lect:skur>}} 產生 ''Ńëmców''、''Ńëmcach''。加 <code>+</code> 時，形容詞性名詞使用庫爾皮耶語形容詞詞尾：''znajomy'' 上的 {{code|<m.pr.+.lect:skur>}} 產生 ''znajomégo'' 和複數 ''znajome''。 ==方言形式== 其他方言的形式每個詞放在一個以 <code>dialectal</code> 產生的表格中。與中古波蘭語表格一樣，它只列出已證實的形式。每個詞形以標籤 <code>[lect:代碼]</code> 或 <code>[lect:代碼:地點]</code> 標明方言，並得到一個註腳，內容是連結到該方言條目的方言名稱和地點。在 {{m|pl|matka}}： {{temp|pl-ndecl|<dialectal.dat:mace[lect:pod:Odrowąż].genpl:matków[lect:MB:Czachówek, Wągrodno]>}} 這會讓 ''mace'' 帶有註腳「波德哈萊（Odrowąż）」。雙數形式和中古波蘭語表格一樣使用 <code>du</code> 和雙數格子：{{m|pl|noga}} 上的 {{code|<dialectal.du.accdu:nodze[lect:pod:Rabka-Zdrój]>}}。單獨放在指示符之間的標籤，如 {{code|<dialectal.[lect:pod].dat:mace>}}，會加在每個沒有自己標籤的詞形上。代碼與 {{tl|pl-pr}} 相同，列於 [[Module:zlw-lch-IPA/data/pl]]：''pod'' 是波德哈萊、''MB'' 是近馬佐夫舍、''MD'' 是遠馬佐夫舍、''CGP'' 是大波蘭中部，等等。表格放在標準語表格之後，原本描述這些形式的文字即可刪除。 在其他地方使用語言變體標籤會報錯，以免方言形式混入標準形式。中古波蘭語和標準庫爾皮耶語有自己的表格，所以 <code>lect:</code> 只接受 <code>mpl</code> 和 <code>skur</code>；其他代碼會報錯，並指向 <code>dialectal</code>。 ==更多範例== * {{m|pl|pies}} 上的 {{temp|pl-ndecl|<m.anml.*.datu>}}：移動 ''e''，與格為 ''-u''（''psa''、''psu''）。 * {{m|pl|przyjaciel}} 上的 {{temp|pl-ndecl|<m.pr.genpl:przyjaciół.datpl:przyjaciołom.inspl:przyjaciółmi.locpl:przyjaciołach>}}：逐格給出複數。 * {{m|pl|wieś}} 上的 {{temp|pl-ndecl|<f.*.gen:wsi.nomplie:i>}}：移動 ''ie''、完整給出的屬格和兩個複數主格詞尾。 * {{m|pl|oko}} 上的 {{temp|pl-ndecl|<n.nompl:oczy.genpl:oczu:ócz:oczów.datpl:oczom.inspl:oczami:oczyma.locpl:oczach>}}：不規則的複數。 * {{m|pl|ręka}} 上的 {{temp|pl-ndecl|<f.#.loc:ręce:ręku.nompl:ręce.inspl:rękami:rękoma.locpl:rękach:ręku>}}：''ą''／''ę'' 和異體詞形。 * {{m|pl|teściowa}} 上的 {{temp|pl-ndecl|<f.+.voc:teściowo>}}：按形容詞變格的名詞，有自己的呼格。 * {{m|pl|pan młody}} 上的 {{temp|pl-ndecl|pan<m.pr> młody<+>}}：形容詞與個人名詞一致的短語。 * {{m|pl|ja}} 上的 {{temp|pl-ndecl|<pron>}}：代詞。 * {{m|pl|dwoje}} 上的 {{temp|pl-ndecl|<n.num>}}：集合數詞。 ==分類== 單詞的表格會把頁面加入其詞幹類型與性別的分類，如 [[:Category:波蘭語軟腭音陽性個人名詞]] 或 [[:Category:波蘭語軟音陰性名詞]]；唯複名詞只有個人名詞才加入這類分類。如果詞形中出現移動 ''e''，或 ''ó''／''o''、''ą''／''ę'' 的交替，表格還會加入 [[:Category:有可簡化詞幹的波蘭語名詞]] 或 [[:Category:有元音長短交替的波蘭語名詞]]。形容詞性名詞、不規則名詞和不變格名詞則改為加入 [[:Category:波蘭語形容詞性名詞]]、[[:Category:波蘭語不規則名詞]] 或 [[:Category:波蘭語無屈折名詞]]。只有單數或只有複數的表格還會加入 [[:Category:波蘭語唯單名詞]] 或 [[:Category:波蘭語唯複名詞]]，這也是短語、代詞和數詞唯一會得到的分類。中古波蘭語、標準庫爾皮耶語和方言表格不加分類，由其詞條的標籤負責。 ==參見== * {{tl|pl-adecl}}，用於形容詞 <includeonly> {{tcat}} </includeonly> j7y4m3dptko8egj1npzhakuz07osdl4 10 3557741 9959911 2026-11-03T11:16:07Z TongcyBot 83009 同步英語維基詞典 Template:zlw-opl-ndecl（enwt 93770036） 9959911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:zlw-lch-decl|noun|lang=zlw-opl}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> czz0pugfis0d1ae0guwyb32smhmajyy 10 3557742 9959912 2026-11-03T11:16:08Z TongcyBot 83009 翻譯自英語維基詞典 Template:zlw-opl-ndecl/documentation（enwt 93770046） 9959912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{uses lua|Module:zlw-lch-decl}} 本模板用來產生古波蘭語名詞或代詞的變格表。古波蘭語表格只列出'''已證實'''的形式：模組不產生詞形、不照抄格子、不加分類，沒有詞形的格子顯示破折號。 ===用法=== 詞形寫在角括號內。每一格寫成：格（<code>nom</code>、<code>gen</code>、<code>dat</code>、<code>acc</code>、<code>ins</code>、<code>loc</code> 或 <code>voc</code>），雙數再加 <code>du</code>、複數再加 <code>pl</code>，然後是冒號和以冒號分隔的詞形。各格之間以句點分隔。例如 {{m|zlw-opl|ptak}}： {{temp|zlw-opl-ndecl|<nom:ptak.nompl:ptacy.genpl:ptaków.dat:ptaku.datpl:ptakom.accpl:ptaki.locpl:ptacech.vocpl:ptacy>}} 表格有單數和複數兩欄。指示符中有 <code>du</code> 時還會加上雙數欄，雙數的格子需要它： {{temp|zlw-opl-ndecl|<du.nom:ptak.nomdu:ptaka.nompl:ptacy>}} 任何詞形後面都可以接方括號中的註腳。 ===指示符=== * 可以給出 <code>m</code>、<code>f</code>、<code>n</code> 和有生性 <code>pr</code>、<code>anml</code>、<code>inan</code>，但它們不影響表格。 * <code>sg</code>、<code>pl</code>：產生只有單數或只有複數的表格。 * <code>du</code>：加入雙數欄。 * <code>recon:</code>：單數主格沒有證據，標題以給出的詞加星號顯示，例如 {{code|<recon:ptak.gen:ptaka>}}。 * <code>pron</code>：代詞 ''czso''、''ja''、''kto''、''ktoś''、''my''、''nic''、''nikt''、''siebie''、''ty'' 和 ''wy'' 之一，其已證實形式收在 [[Module:zlw-lch-decl/data/zlw-opl]]，例如 {{m|zlw-opl|ja}} 上的 {{temp|zlw-opl-ndecl|<pron>}}。呼叫中給出的格子會取代詞庫中的格子。''siebie'' 在其各詞形的頁面上以 {{code|siebie<pron>}} 變格。 其他任何指示符都會報錯，以詞尾代替詞形也會報錯。 ===其他參數=== ; {{para|title}} : 表格標題，取代「主格 的變格」。 ; {{para|pagename}} : 使用的頁面名稱，用於範例和測試。 ; {{para|json|1}} : 以 JSON 傳回表格資料而非表格，供機器人使用，與 {{tl|pl-ndecl}} 相同。 <includeonly> {{tcat}} </includeonly> 0dnf4de8telf0vj51wmq3tsoilq2q6k 10 3557743 9959914 2026-11-03T11:16:12Z TongcyBot 83009 翻譯自英語維基詞典 Template:pl-adecl/documentation（enwt 93770432） 9959914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{uses lua|Module:zlw-lch-decl}} ==介紹== 本模板為波蘭語形容詞，以及按形容詞變格的代詞、限定詞和數詞（如 {{m|pl|ten}}、{{m|pl|mój}}、{{m|pl|dwa}}、{{m|pl|pięć}}）產生變格表。形容詞的[[#中古波蘭語|中古波蘭語]]、[[#標準庫爾皮耶語|標準庫爾皮耶語]]和[[#方言形式|方言]]形式表格也由本模板產生。每次呼叫產生一個表格。按形容詞變格的名詞（如 {{m|pl|teściowa}}）用 {{tl|pl-ndecl}} 加 <code>+</code>，集合數詞（如 {{m|pl|dwoje}}）也用 {{tl|pl-ndecl}} 加 <code>num</code>。 通常不需要任何參數：詞元就是頁面名稱，即陽性單數主格。例如在 {{m|pl|czarny||黑色的}}，使用： {{temp|pl-adecl}} 也可以給出詞元，後面接角括號，括號內寫下文說明的指示符，例如 {{code|czarny<>}}，或在 {{m|pl|polski}} 寫 {{code|polski<archdat>}}。 ===變格類型=== 模組依詞元的詞尾推出變格： * 以 ''-y'' 結尾的硬音形容詞：{{m|pl|czarny}}、{{m|pl|dobry}}。 * 以 ''-ki'' 和 ''-gi'' 結尾的軟腭音形容詞：{{m|pl|polski}}、{{m|pl|drogi}}。 * 以其他 ''-i'' 結尾的軟音形容詞：{{m|pl|tani}}、{{m|pl|ostatni}}。 男性複數主格會軟化詞幹末尾，所以 ''dobry'' 是 ''dobrzy''，''polski'' 是 ''polscy''。詞元是其他詞尾會報錯。詞元不屬於以上類型的形容詞，如 {{m|pl|wart||值得的}}，用 <code>decllemma:</code> 以另一個詞變格（見[[#指示符|下文]]）。 ===代詞與數詞=== 不規則的代詞和數詞用 <code>irreg</code> 從模組的詞庫取得詞形：{{m|pl|ten}} 和其他以 ''-ten'' 結尾的詞（如 {{m|pl|tamten}}）、{{m|pl|tenże}}、{{m|pl|ów}}、{{m|pl|mój}}、{{m|pl|twój}}、{{m|pl|swój}}、{{m|pl|czyj}}、{{m|pl|sam}}、{{m|pl|jeden}}、{{m|pl|wszystek}}、{{m|pl|dwa}} 和 {{m|pl|oba}}。詞庫比對的是詞元的結尾，所以 {{m|pl|niejeden}}、{{m|pl|niczyj}} 這類複合詞也能變格。''dwa'' 和 ''oba'' 有自己的表格，複數依性別分欄。角括號之後的文字在每個詞形中保持不變，如 {{m|pl|czyjś}} 上的 {{code|czyj<irreg>ś}}。 <code>num</code> 用來變格三以上的基數詞和不定數詞：{{m|pl|trzy}}、{{m|pl|cztery}}、{{m|pl|pięć}} 和其他以 ''-ć'' 結尾的數詞、以 ''-naście'' 結尾的十幾、以 ''-dzieści'' 和 ''-dziesiąt'' 結尾的整十、整百，以及 {{m|pl|kilka}}、{{m|pl|wiele}}、{{m|pl|tyle}}、{{m|pl|ile}}（和 {{m|pl|ilekolwiek}}）、{{m|pl|parę}}。它們的表格只有複數，分為男性和非男性兩欄，例如 {{m|pl|pięć}} 上的 {{code|<num>}}。 ===指示符=== 模組需要知道的其他資訊都以'''指示符'''寫在角括號內，以句點分隔，例如 {{code|<irreg.pos:pronoun>}}。有些指示符在冒號後帶值。未知的指示符會報錯，錯誤訊息會列出所有已知的指示符；兩個互斥的指示符、或同一指示符給兩次，也會報錯。指示符如下： * <code>archdat</code>：加上帶註腳的古舊與格 ''-u''，例如 {{m|pl|polski}} 上的 {{code|<archdat>}} 產生 ''polsku''。 * <code>irreg</code>：上列的不規則代詞和數詞之一。 * <code>num</code>：基數詞或不定數詞，見上文。 * <code>plonly</code>：產生只有複數的表格。 * <code>decllemma:</code>：以另一個詞代替詞元來變格，詞元仍作為陽性單數主格（以及與之相同的無生賓格）出現在表頭。例如 {{m|pl|wart}} 上的 {{code|<decllemma:warty>}} 以 ''warty'' 變格。 * <code>pos:</code>：分類所用的詞性，可以是 <code>pronoun</code>、<code>determiner</code>、<code>numeral</code> 或 <code>suffix</code>；沒有給出時，表格歸入形容詞的分類。例如 {{m|pl|ten}} 上的 {{code|<irreg.pos:pronoun>}} 把頁面加入 [[:Category:波蘭語不規則代詞]]。詞性屬於整個表格，所以短語只在其中一個詞上給出。 * <code>lect:</code>、<code>dialectal</code>、<code>recon:</code>、<code>du</code>：其他語言變體的表格；見[[#中古波蘭語|下文]]。 ===覆寫詞形=== 如果模組產生的詞形有誤，或某個詞有模組無法產生的詞形，可以在指示符之間自行給出任一槽位的詞形：槽位名、冒號，再接以冒號分隔的詞形。例如 {{m|pl|wesoły||快樂的}} 的男性複數主格是 ''weseli''，短形式是 ''wesół''： {{temp|pl-adecl|<nom_mp_pers:weseli.short:wesół>}} <code>-</code> 讓該槽位留空；可以一次讓幾個槽位採用相同的詞形，例如 <code>gen_f+dat_f:...</code>。由於句點用來分隔指示符，詞形內的句點要寫作 <code>&amp;#46;</code>。註腳以方括號緊接在所屬詞形之後；單獨放在指示符之間的註腳，如 {{code|<[rare]>}}，會加在該詞的每個詞形上。槽位如下： * 單數：<code>nom_m</code>、<code>nom_f</code>、<code>nom_n</code>；<code>gen_mn</code>、<code>gen_f</code>；<code>dat_mn</code>、<code>dat_f</code>；<code>acc_m_an</code>（有生）、<code>acc_m_in</code>（無生）、<code>acc_f</code>、<code>acc_n</code>；<code>ins_mn</code>、<code>ins_f</code>；<code>loc_mn</code>、<code>loc_f</code>； * 複數：<code>nom_mp_pers</code> 和 <code>nom_p_not_mp_pers</code>（男性和非男性）、<code>acc_mp_pers</code> 和 <code>acc_p_not_mp_pers</code>、<code>gen_p</code>、<code>dat_p</code>、<code>ins_p</code>、<code>loc_p</code>； * ''dwa'' 和 ''oba'' 的複數：<code>nom_mp_npers</code>、<code>nom_fp</code>、<code>nom_np</code>、<code>acc_mp_npers</code>、<code>acc_fp</code>、<code>acc_np</code>、<code>ins_mnp</code>、<code>ins_fp</code>； * <code>short</code>：短形式，在表格最後自成一列。 與主格或屬格相同的賓格會照抄該槽位的覆寫，除非賓格本身也被覆寫。 ===短語=== 短語逐詞變格。後面接角括號的詞依自己的指示符和覆寫變格，其他詞在每個詞形中保持不變，如 {{m|pl|pierwszy lepszy}} 上的 {{code|pierwszy<pos:pronoun> lepszy<>}}。 ===其他參數=== ; {{para|title}} : 表格標題，取代自動產生的標題。 ; {{para|nocat|1}} : 不把頁面加入任何分類。 ; {{para|pagename}} : 作為詞元的頁面名稱，用於範例和測試。 ; {{para|json|1}} : 以 JSON 傳回表格資料而非表格，供機器人使用：<code>forms</code>（每個槽位及其詞形和註腳）、<code>layout</code>（<code>regular</code>、<code>plonly</code>、<code>dwa</code> 或 <code>dual</code>）、<code>kinds</code>、<code>categories</code> 和 <code>title</code>。 ==中古波蘭語== 中古波蘭語表格只列出詞的'''已證實'''形式，依[[:en:Wiktionary:Polish entry guidelines#Middle Polish|英語維基詞典波蘭語詞條準則]]的要求：給出 <code>lect:mpl</code> 和每個槽位的詞形，其他什麼都不用。模組不產生詞形、不照抄槽位、不加分類，沒有詞形的格子顯示破折號。詞形照已證實的寫法書寫；帶 ''å''、''á'' 或 ''é'' 的詞形會連結到其現代拼寫，所以 ''biåły'' 連結到 {{m|pl|biały}}。例如在 {{m|pl|biały}}： {{temp|pl-adecl|<lect:mpl.nom_m:biåły.gen_mn:biåłego.nom_mp_pers:biåli>}} 表格以給出的陽性主格為標題。如果它沒有證據，用 <code>recon:</code> 給出，標題中會加星號顯示。 已證實的雙數形式放在單數與複數之間的雙數欄。在指示符中加 <code>du</code> 即加入該欄，其槽位為 <code>nom_m_d</code> 和 <code>nom_fn_d</code>（陽性和陰性／中性）、<code>gen_d</code>、<code>dat_d</code>、<code>acc_m_d</code>、<code>acc_fn_d</code>、<code>ins_d</code> 和 <code>loc_d</code>，例如 {{code|<lect:mpl.du.nom_m:dobry.nom_m_d:dobra.nom_fn_d:dobrzie.gen_d:dobru.dat_d:dobryma>}}。只有已證實形式的表格（中古波蘭語和方言表格）接受 <code>du</code>、<code>recon:</code> 或雙數槽位。 ==標準庫爾皮耶語== <code>lect:skur</code> 依 [[Module:zlw-lch-decl/data/pl]] 中的庫爾皮耶語詞尾，產生標準庫爾皮耶語形容詞的表格，例如 {{code|<lect:skur>}}。其男性複數主格與非男性相同。覆寫的用法相同，表格不加分類。庫爾皮耶語名詞用 {{tl|pl-ndecl}} 加 <code>lect:skur</code>。 ==方言形式== 其他方言的形式每個詞放在一個以 <code>dialectal</code> 產生的表格中。這是與中古波蘭語表格一樣的已證實形式表格，每個詞形以標籤 <code>[lect:代碼]</code> 或 <code>[lect:代碼:地點]</code> 標明方言，並得到一個寫有方言名稱和地點的註腳。單獨放在指示符之間的標籤會加在每個沒有自己標籤的詞形上，例如 {{code|<dialectal.[lect:pod].nom_m:biały.gen_mn:białygo>}}。數詞的表格加 <code>plonly</code>，如 {{m|pl|dwanaście}} 上的 {{code|<dialectal.plonly.gen_p:dwanastu[lect:nbl:Lithuania]>}}。代碼與 {{tl|pl-pr}} 相同，列於 [[Module:zlw-lch-IPA/data/pl]]（''pod'' 是波德哈萊、''MB'' 是近馬佐夫舍、''nbl'' 是北部邊境，等等）。表格放在標準語表格之後，原本描述這些形式的文字即可刪除。 在其他地方使用語言變體標籤會報錯，以免方言形式混入標準形式。中古波蘭語和標準庫爾皮耶語有自己的表格，所以 <code>lect:</code> 只接受 <code>mpl</code> 和 <code>skur</code>；其他代碼會報錯，並指向 <code>dialectal</code>。 ==更多範例== * {{m|pl|polski}} 上的 {{temp|pl-adecl|<archdat>}}：古舊與格 ''polsku''。 * {{m|pl|wesoły}} 上的 {{temp|pl-adecl|<nom_mp_pers:weseli.short:wesół>}}：男性複數和短形式。 * {{m|pl|wart}} 上的 {{temp|pl-adecl|<decllemma:warty>}}：以另一個詞變格的形容詞。 * {{m|pl|ten}} 上的 {{temp|pl-adecl|<irreg.pos:pronoun>}}：不規則代詞。 * {{m|pl|czyjś}} 上的 {{temp|pl-adecl|czyj<irreg>ś}}：帶後綴的不規則代詞。 * {{m|pl|jakiś}} 上的 {{temp|pl-adecl|jaki<pos:pronoun>ś}}：帶後綴的規則形容詞，歸入代詞分類。 * {{m|pl|dwa}} 上的 {{temp|pl-adecl|<irreg.pos:numeral>}}：依性別分欄的複數。 * {{m|pl|pięć}} 上的 {{temp|pl-adecl|<num>}}：基數詞。 * {{m|pl|pierwszy lepszy}} 上的 {{temp|pl-adecl|pierwszy<pos:pronoun> lepszy<>}}：短語。 ==分類== 表格把頁面加入其變格類型與詞性（見 <code>pos:</code>）的分類，如 [[:Category:波蘭語硬音形容詞]]、[[:Category:波蘭語軟腭音代詞]] 或 [[:Category:波蘭語不規則限定詞]]。有短形式時還會加入 [[:Category:有短形式的波蘭語形容詞]]，使用 <code>decllemma:</code> 時加入 [[:Category:有不規則詞幹的波蘭語形容詞]]。數詞表格不加分類，中古波蘭語、標準庫爾皮耶語和方言表格也不加，由其詞條的標籤負責。 ==參見== * {{tl|pl-ndecl}}，用於名詞、形容詞性名詞和集合數詞 <includeonly> {{tcat}} </includeonly> fzxjkry5pd4d86et3y7g9evctkxe3er 14 3557744 9959917 2026-11-03T11:26:32Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557745 9959918 2026-11-03T11:26:52Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557746 9959919 2026-11-03T11:26:58Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557747 9959920 2026-11-03T11:27:11Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 14 3557748 9959921 2026-11-03T11:27:16Z TongcyBot 83009 養貓 9959921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{auto cat}} eomzlm5v4j7ond1phrju7cnue91g5qx 0 3557749 9959966 2026-11-03T11:45:53Z TongcyDai 53191 [[w:WP:AES|←]]建立內容為「{{also|ه|ھ|ۀ|ۿ|ہ|ۂ|ە|ة|ۃ|٥|ـه|uni=auto}} {{character info}} {{Arab-letter-forms|align=right}} {{character info|ﮪ}} {{character info|ﮫ}} {{character info|ﮬ}} {{character info|ﮭ}} ==巴爾蒂語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|bft|/ʰ/|/ʱ/|[ʰ]|[ʱ]}} ===字母=== {{letter|bft|tr=h}} # {{Arab-def|bft|字母|44}} ==布魯夏斯基語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|bsk|/ʰ/|[ʰ]}} ===字母=== {{letter|bsk|tr=h}} # {{Arab-def|bsk|字…」的新頁面 9959966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|ه|ھ|ۀ|ۿ|ہ|ۂ|ە|ة|ۃ|٥|ـه|uni=auto}} {{character info}} {{Arab-letter-forms|align=right}} {{character info|ﮪ}} {{character info|ﮫ}} {{character info|ﮬ}} {{character info|ﮭ}} ==巴爾蒂語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|bft|/ʰ/|/ʱ/|[ʰ]|[ʱ]}} ===字母=== {{letter|bft|tr=h}} # {{Arab-def|bft|字母|44}} ==布魯夏斯基語== ===發音=== * {{IPA|bsk|/ʰ/|[ʰ]}} ===字母=== {{letter|bsk|tr=h}} # {{Arab-def|bsk|字母|46}} ==哈薩克語== {{kk-regional|[[Һ]], [[һ]]|ھ|[[H]], [[h]]}} ===發音=== * {{sense|字母名稱}} {{IPA|kk|/hæ ˌʲeki ˈkœz/}} * {{sense|音位}} {{IPA|kk|/h/}} ===字母=== {{letter|kk|tr=h|Cyrl:Һ,һ}} # {{Arab-def|kk|字母|23|prec=ە|foll=و}} ====參見==== {{list:Arabic script letters/kk}} ==烏爾都語== ===其他形式=== * {{sense|字母名稱}} {{l|ur|دوچشمی ہے|tr=docašmī he}} ===發音=== * {{sense|字母名稱}} {{ur-IPA|docaśmī he}} * {{sense|音位}} {{IPA|ur|/ʰ/|/ʱ/}} ===字母=== {{letter|ur|tr=docašmī he}} # {{Arab-def|ur|字母|35|addl=；此字母本身沒有[[音值]]，但會使前面的輔音[[送氣]]|prec=ہ|foll=ء}} ==維吾爾語== ===發音=== * {{sense|字母名稱}} {{IPA|ug|/he/}} * {{sense|音位}} {{IPA|ug|/h/}} ===字母=== {{letter|ug|tr=he}} # {{Arab-def|ug|字母|24|prec=ن|foll=ئو}} licw05v7mw0q0wo236l46cl4h46kqfm