Wikipedia zuwiki https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikhasi_Elikhulu MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3529 123102 121919 2026-05-06T14:58:05Z Omarius257 25119 /* */ Isithombe soZungezohlelo lweLanga sishintshwe ngenguqulo entsha. 123102 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Solar System True Color ZU.png|thumb|500px|Uzungezohlelo lweLanga, ubungako beLanga, imizulane namaduna ayo. Ibanga alivezwanga kahle kodwa umbala nobungako yibona.]] '''Uzungezohlelo lweLanga''' uyisimiso esinqalomnyondo selanga nezindikimba ezizungeza kulo. [[Ilanga]] lizungezwa [[Umzulane|imiZulane]], [[Umhlabana|imihlabana]] [[UBhaqanyezi|namabhaqanyezi]] nokunye. Lolu hlelo lwaadaleka eminyakeni eyizigidinqindi ezine ezidlule. Uzungezohlelo lweLanga ladalwa [[UmNyondo|umNyondo]] efwini lomzwayi elikhulu. Iningi lotho lwahlangana emnyombweni lapho amaphesenti angu-99 alo akha isisindo selanga, kuyilapho utho olusele lwasakazeka lwaba izindikimba eziyisicaba esizungezayo. ImiZulane emine eyisimiso esiphakathi- [[uNomjubane]], [[uNokhwezi]], [[uMhlaba]] [[UNotshezi|noNotshezi]], ziyimiZulane ehlabathi, ngoba zakhiwa amatshe nenkimbi futhi zimkhumanqa. Bese imiZulane engamaqhakamela iyisimiso esingaphandle, mikhulu futhi inesisindo esikhulu. UMkhulukhulwana [[UNomaxhama|noNomaxhama]] bangamaqhakamela wohowo, akhiwa ngokuyinhloko [[IHwanzi|ihwanzi]] [[IHwelanga|nehwelanga]]; bese kuthi [[uNomakhekheba]] [[UNolundwa|noNolundwa]] kube amaqhakamela weqhwa, akhiwa iziqa ezincibilika kanzima. '''[[Uzungezohlelo|uZungezohlelo]] [[Ilanga|lweLanga]]''' * [[uNomjubane]] ("''Mercury''") * [[uNokhwezi]] / isiCelankobe / iKwezi ("''Venus''") * [[Umhlaba|uMhlaba]]/uNomkhubulwane ("''Earth''") ** [[Inyanga|iNyanga]] ("''moon''") * [[uNotshezi]] ("''Mars''") * [[uNomadwala]] ("''Ceres''") * [[uNdonsakusa]] / iNdonsa / uMkhulukhulwana ("''Jupiter''") * [[uNomaxhama]] ("''Saturn''") * [[uNomakhekheba]] ("''Uranus''") * [[uNolundwa]] ("''Neptune''") * [[uNochoko]] ("''Pluto''") * [[uNohunga]] ("''Haumea''") * [[uNoviyo]] ("''Makemake''") * [[uNogxada]] ("''Eris''") [[Category:Uhlelo Lemihlaba YeLanga| ]] == Izinkondolo zohlelo == [[File:Plane of Ecliptic.jpg|thumb|Umfanekiso ocaciswe umbala weNyanga oveza umuju wezinye izigcoyi zozungezohlelo lweLanga. Amachashazi amathathu ezansi ImiZulane uNomaxhama, uNotshezi, noNomjubane ngokulandelana, esiphakathini kuvela iLanga ebumnyameni.]] Ogqayinganga kwezinye izikhathi bahlukanisa isakhiwo sozungezohlelo lweLanga ngezifunda. Bathi kunesifunda esiwuzungezuhlelo lweLanga oluseduze ''(inner Solar System)'' oluhlanganisa uNonjubane, uNokhwezi, uMhlaba uNotshezi nezindikimba ezisesiyondweni semihlatshana. Bese kuba nesifunda esiwuzungezuhlelo lweLanga oluqhelile ''(outer Solar System)'' oluhlanganisa uMkhulukhulwana, uNomaxhama, uNomakhekheba, uNolundwa nezinye izindikimba zenkatha kaKuiper.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Planets |date=10 July 2023 |url=https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/ |access-date=6 April 2024 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> === Isigubo sohlelo === Isigcoyi esiyinhloko sozungezohlelo lweLanga yilona iLanga, oluyinkanyezi yojinji oluyimhloko lohlobo G oluqukethe amaphesenti angama-99.86 esisindo esaziwayo sohlelo futhi luyachachaza ngokomnyondo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woolfson |first=M. |date=2000 |title=The origin and evolution of the solar system |journal=[[Astronomy & Geophysics]] |volume=41 |issue=1 |pages=1.12–1.19 |bibcode=2000A&G....41a..12W |doi=10.1046/j.1468-4004.2000.00012.x |doi-access=free}}</ref> Izindikimba ezine ezinkulu ezizungeza iLanga, yizona ezinamaphesenti angama-99 wesisindo esisele, kuyilapho iLanga noMkhulukhulwana bobabili benza amaphesenti angama-90. Izindikimba ezinye esisele zozungehlelo lweLanga sezihlangene of zenza iphesenti elibalwa kanje 0.002 lesisindo,<ref>{{Cite arXiv |eprint=astro-ph/0512256 |first=Alessandro |last=Morbidelli |title=Origin and dynamical evolution of comets and their reservoirs |date=2005 }}</ref> iLanga lakhiwa amaphesenti angama-98 weHwanzi kanye [[IHwelanga||neHwelanga]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sun's Vital Statistics |url=http://solar-center.stanford.edu/vitalstats.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BOkQXma3?url=http://solar-center.stanford.edu/vitalstats.html |archive-date=14 October 2012 |access-date=29 July 2008 |publisher=Stanford Solar Center |postscript=,}} citing {{Cite book |last=Eddy |first=J. |title=A New Sun: The Solar Results From Skylab |url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/contents.htm |publisher=[[NASA]] |date=1979 |page=37 |id=NASA SP-402 |access-date=12 July 2017 |archive-date=30 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730024856/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-402/contents.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> kunjalo nangoMkhulukhulwana noNomaxhama.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=David R. |date=7 September 2006 |title=Saturn Fact Sheet |url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturnfact.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804224236/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/saturnfact.html |archive-date=4 August 2011 |access-date=31 July 2007 |publisher=NASA }}</ref><ref name="Williams-Jupiter" /> === Uzungezo === [[File:Solar system orrery inner planets.gif|thumb|Umdwebo onyakazayo wozungezohlelo lweLanga oveza ImiZulane eseduze izungeza. Uhlaka ngalunye lumelela izinsuku ezi-2 zokunyakaza.]] [[File:Solar system orrery outer planets.gif|thumb|Umdwebo onyakazayo wozungezohlelo lweLanga oveza ImiZulane eqhelile izungeza. Lokhu kugqwayiza kushesha izikhathi eziyi-100 kunopopayi beplanethi engaphakathi.]] == Amaphathelelo == 9q4rxkt6e4moux74eggo3s4umndzbhi 0 3571 123090 123080 2026-05-06T12:51:23Z Edwin Ndaba 13909 Ngifake isahlukwana sezamafundazwe 123090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Umbuso Ohlangeneyo}} {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Umbuso Ohlangeneyo <br /> ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'''''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(Both_Realms).svg|125px]] |} |- | align="center" colspan=2 | <small>''[[Isaga wesizwe]]: Dieu et mon droit''</big> |- | <small>''[[Inkondlo yesizwe]]: [[God Save the Queen|God Save the King]]''<ref group="note">No law was passed making ''God Save the King'' the official anthem. In the British tradition, such laws are not necessary; proclamation and usage are sufficient to make it the official national anthem. ''God Save the King'' also serves as the [[Honors music|Royal anthem]] for several other countries.</ref> || <div align="center">[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]]</div><br /> |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Europe-UK.svg|250px]] |- | '''Izilimi''' || <small>[[isiNgisi]],<ref>"direct.gov.uk" http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012519 {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121015000000/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012519|date=2012-10-15}} Directgov: English language – Government, citizens and rights | [[Directgov]] | 23 August 2011</ref><ref>"thecommonwealth.org">http://www.thecommonwealth.org/YearbookHomeInternal/139560 Commonwealth Secretariat – UK | [[Commonwealth Secretariat]] | 23 August 2011</ref> [[isiAyilendi]] ''Gaeilge'']], [[isiKoshi sase-Ulster]] ''Ulstèr-Scotch'', [[Scottish Gaelic]]<!-- Keep 'Scottish Gaelic' - people will find Gaelic confusing as the Irish language is also commonly called Gaelic -->, [[isiKoshi]] ''Gàidhlig'', [[isiWelisi]] ''Cymraeg'', [[isiKornishi]] ''Kernowek''<ref>Under the [[Council of Europe]]'s [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]], the Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, [[Cornish language|Cornish]], Irish, [[Scots language|Scots]] and its regional variant [[Ulster Scots dialects|Ulster Scots]] are officially recognised as [[Regional language|Regional]] or [[Minority language|Minority languages]] by the [[United Kingdom Government|UK Government]] for the purposes of the Charter. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/ArtsCulture/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter|title=European{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Charter for Regional or Minority Languages| publisher=[[Scottish Government]] |accessdate=11 December 2010</ref> |- | '''Amaqembu wesiko''' <small>|| 92.1% [[White people|White]]<br /> 4.0% [[British Asian|South Asian]]<br /> 2.0% [[Black British|Black]]<br /> 1.2% [[British Mixed-Race|Mixed]]<br /> 0.4% [[British Chinese|Chinese]]<br /> 0.4% [[United Kingdom Census 2001|Other]]<ref><nowiki>http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D6588.xls{{dead</nowiki>{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} link|date=December 2011 |title=United Kingdom population by ethnic group |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |date=1 April 2001 [[United Kingdom Census 2001]] |accessdate=15 April 2009 |format=XLS</ref> |- | '''IDemonimi''' || amaNgisi |- | '''Isiqongo''' || [[ILondon]] |- | '''Ilathithudi''' || 51N |- | '''Ilongithudi''' || 0 |- | '''Idolobha elikhulu''' || [[ILondon]] |- | '''Uhulumeni''' || <small>[[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] |- | '''Umholi nobukhosi''' || [[Charles III]] |- | '''Ungqongqoshe phezulu''' || [[Keir Starmer]] |- | '''Ubungako bendawo''' || 243,610 km² |- | '''Inani labantu'''<br />&nbsp;Lonke:<br />&nbsp;Ukuminyana: | <br />58,789,194<small>(2001)<ref>http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/pop2001/united_kingdom.asp | Census 2001: Population estimates | Office for National Statistics | 21 April 2011</ref></small><br />255.6 ab./km&sup2; |- | '''GDP''' || $2.233&nbsp;trillion<ref name="imf2">http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=112&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=25&pr.y=6 |title=United Kingdom | [[International Monetary Fund]] | April | 2011 | 8 May 2011</ref> (7th) |- | '''GDP per capita''' || $35,646<ref name=imf2/> (22nd) |- | '''GDP nominal''' || $2.472&nbsp;trillion<ref name=imf2/> |- | '''GDP nominal per capita''' || $39,459<ref name=imf2/> (22nd) |- | '''HDI''' || 0.863<ref>http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf|title=Human {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830220336/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf%7Ctitle=Human |date=2021-08-30 }} Development Report 2011|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2011-11-02}}</ref> (28th) |- | '''HDI category''' || <span style="color:#090;">very&nbsp;high</span> |- | '''Gini''' || 41<ref>http://www.poverty.org.uk/09/index.shtml {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426071007/http://www.poverty.org.uk/09/index.shtml |date=2011-04-26 }} |title =Income inequalities |publisher=The Poverty Site |accessdate =21 April 2011}}</ref> |- | '''IMali''' || [[Upondo]] (GBP) |- | '''Indawo yesikathi''' || [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] (UTC +0) |- | '''Ukushayela''' || Ukunxele |- | '''Inamba wucingo''' || +44 |- |} [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]] ([[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''United Kingdom''), ngokuphelele ngokomthetho: '''Umbuso Ohlangeneyo waseBhulithani Nkulu naseNyakatho Ayilendi''', uyisizwe onyakatho ntshonalanga [[IYurophu|eYurophu]] oqukatha iziqhingi zaseBhulithani. Ingaphakathi koLwandle waseNyakatho ngasempumalanga nasenyakatho, iLwandlekazi lase-Atlantiki ngasentshonalanga, ne-English Channel ngaseningizimu. Iseduzane nase[[IFulansi|Fulansi]] namaQhingi waseFaroe wombuso waseDanemaki. Ngenxa yokunqoba izizwe eziningi (ukwakha umbuso omkhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni omhlaba wonke), Umbuso Ohlangeneyo wawunethonya kwezombusazwe, kwezohwebo, zolimi, nobuchwepheshe. Abadlibezwe base-Ngilandi banqobe amomdabu base[[IMelika Enyakatho|Nyakatho Melika]] ukusungula isizwe esaziwa ngesimanje nge[[IMelika|Melika]] ngo-1783. Kusukela 1931, amakoloni lapho kwakuhlala abadlibezwe abaningi njengase-[[I-Ostreliya]] nase-[[IKhanada|Khanada]], wayenikezwe ubuzimela. Kusukela 1960, amakoloni ase-[[IAfrika|Afrika]] namanye amazekazi athole ukuzimela. Namuhla kusele amakoloni ambalwa ancane kodwa Umbuso Ohlangeneyo usaxhumene namakoloni wakudala ngenxa yobumbano we-Commonwealth of Nations. Kusukela ikhulu lweminyaka eleshumi nanye, [[iNgilandi]] yayihlasela [[i-Ayilendi]]. Ngokuhamba kwesikathi i-Ayilendi yawela ngaphansi kobukhosi base-Ngilandi olupheleliswe ngo-1541 ma u-Henry VIII azigcoba iNkosi yase-Ayalendi. Nakuba ama-Ayilendi evukele amaNgisi ngo-1594 ku-1603, konke ukuzimela kwacishwa ngenxa yokuphumelela kwamaNgisi ekunqobeni kwama-Ayilendi. iNdlovukazi yase-Ngilandi u-Elizabethi I wayeyitshitshi. Ngenxa yokuthi ubundlalifa baseNgilandi babundluliswa kwabesilisa phezu kwabesifazane (nakuba abesifazane bebakhono ukubayizindlalifa uma indodana ingekho), indodana kadadewabo uMariya, iNdlovukazi yama-Skoti, u-Jakobe VI (owayebalwa ngwesiqala e-Ngilandi) wabayinkosi yase-Ngilandi nase[[IsiKotilandi|siKotilandi]] ngo-1603. Ngokubuswa iNkosi eyodwa, amaPhalamende ase-Skotilandi nase-Ngilandi ashaye Imithetho oBumbano eholele ekuhlanganweni kwalezizizwe ngo-1707. Ngo-1861, iPhalamende yase-Ayalendi yalethwa ngaphansi kwePhalamende yoMbuso waseBhulithani Nkulu. Lokho kuholele ekusungulweni koMbuso Ohlangeneyo waseBhulithani Nkulu nase-Ayilendi. Ngenxa yempi yezakhamuzi yango-1919 ku-1921, i-Ayilendi yahletshulwa ngezinxenye ezimbili: yasenyakatho yegcinwa nguMbuso Ohlangeneyo kepha yaseningizimu yaphenduka isizwe esizimele, iRiphabhuliki yase-Ayilendi. Lokho kuholele ekuguqulweni kwegama kulelo esilaziyo namuhla. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo (isifinyezo: UK), sibuswe ngentandoyeningi ngenxa yokuthi iNkosi yayiphucwe amandla okubusa. i-UK isezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko okwomnotho nobuchwepheshe – idume ngokukhiqiza ucwaningo [[Inzululwazi|onzululwazi]]. Futhi, idolobha lase-[[ILondon|London]], isiqonga sombuso, siyihola ezemalini nasezobuciko nezekugqoka. <br /> == Umlando wegama == e1707 "Acts of Union" uhlanganisa amazwe iNgilandi nosiKotilandi.<ref>http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |date=2019-05-27 }} Treaty of Union, 1706 scotshistoryonline.co.uk 23 August 2011</ref><ref>http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LYc1tSYonrQC&pg=PA165#v=onepage&q&f=false Constitutional & Administrative Law p165 Barnett, Hilaire | Jago, Robert | 8th edition 2011 9780415563017 Routledge, Abingdon | 5 July 2011</ref><ref group="note">Compare to section 1 of both of the 1800 [[Acts of Union (1800)|Acts of Union]] which reads: the ''Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland shall...be united into one Kingdom, by the Name of "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab07 |title=History of Great Britain (from 1707) |author=[[Bamber Gascoigne]] |publisher=History World |accessdate=18 July 2011}}</ref> Igama "Umbuso Ohlangeneyo" ukusebenzisa ekhulunyaka yishumi nesishiyagalombili.<ref>http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/ | Acts of Union 1707 | parliament.uk | 21 July 2011</ref><ref>http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/visitingHolyrood/union_exhibition.pdf | Making the Act of Union 1707 | scottish.parliament.uk | 21 July 2011</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/7327029.stm England – Profile | BBC | 21 July 2011 | 10 February 2011</ref><ref>http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515023116/http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html|date=2011-05-15}} | The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 | [[Historical Association]] | 21 July 2011</ref> Igama "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" angeniswile e1927 nga-"Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act" ukunikela ukuzimela waFleyistata Ayilandi e1922.<ref>The Irish Civil War 1922–23 | Cottrell, P. | 2008 | 85 | 1846032709</ref> Ushiya i-Ayilandi Senyakatho izwe kuphela esiqhingi, ukuhlanganyela wUmbuso Ohlangeneyo. <br /><br /> == Umlando phambi kwa-1066 == [[File:Stonehenge2007 07 30.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Stonehenge]], e-[[Wiltshire]], akwakha e-2500BC.]] Abantu nguNeolithiki abazinza iminyaka yinkulungwane ngamashumi amathathu kade.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_west/7069001.stm "Ancient skeleton was 'even older']". ''BBC News''. 30 October 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2011.</ref> Ekupheleni [[Prehistoric Britain|ikhathi udaladala]], abantu bahlangene naqembu bambiza [[Insular Celts|Insular Celtic]], uqukatha [[Britons (historical)|Brythonic Britain]] no-[[i-Ayilendi Geyilikhi]].<ref>Celtic culture: A historical encyclopedia | p973 | Koch, John T. | 9781851094400 | 2006 | ABC-CLIO | Santa Barbara, CA</ref> Emva kwa[[iNhlaselo iRhomani|Nhlaselo iRhomani]], uqala 43 AD, nombuso iminyaka amakhulu okune ([[Roman Britain|rule of southern Britain]]), inhlaselo [[isiJalimani]] ([[Anglo-Saxon]]).<ref> [[Encyclopaedia of Wales|The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales]]<nowiki> | 2008 | University of Wales Press | Cardiff | 9780708319536 | p915}}</nowiki></ref> [[Anglo-Saxon England|Ingilandi wAnglo-Saxon]] uhlanganisa ung[[Umbuso iNgilandi]] ekhulunyaka yisishiyagalolunye.<ref name="Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/athelstan.shtml Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website]</ref> Okwamanje, [[abaDál Riata|abantu Geyilikhi esiKotilandi senyakatho]] (nokuhlangana e-Ayilendi impumalanga nenyakatho)<ref>Mackie, J.D. | A History of Scotland | London | Penguin | 1991 | 9780140136494 | p18–19</ref><ref>Campbell, Ewan | Saints and Sea-kings: The First Kingdom of the Scots | Canongate | Edinburgh | 1999 | 0-86241-874-7 | p8–15</ref> bahlanganisa n[[amaPikithi]] ukudala [[Umbuso isiKotilandi]].<ref>Christopher Haigh | The Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland | Cambridge University Press | 1990 | p30 | 9780521395526</ref> [[File:Bayeux Tapestry WillelmDux.jpg|thumb|200px|left| i[[Bayeux Tapestry]] ubonakalisa [[ukulwa waHastings]].]] e-1066, amasefulansi bangena iNgilandi.<ref>Feudalism | Ganshof, F.L. | p165 | 9780802071583 | University of Toronto | 1996</ref><ref>The debate on the Norman Conquest | p115–122 | Chibnall, Marjorie | 1999 | Manchester University Press | 9780719049132</ref> Amakhosi isiNgisi banqoba iWelisi, bafeyila ukubanqoba isiKotilandi. Amakhosi isiNgisi, bamukela amaiziqithi eFulansi, namalungelo lobukhosi, pho balwa eFulansi, empi ngu-[[Impi Iminyaka Kakhulu]].<ref>Keen, Maurice. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/hundred_years_war_01.shtml "The Hundred Years War"]. BBC History.</ref> Ukuqhatha wemkolo ngenxa ya-[[Reformation]] nokungenisa wenkolo i[[Protestantism in the United Kingdom|Protestant]].<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/479892/Protestantism/41558/The-Reformation-in-England-and-Scotland The Reformation in England and Scotland] and [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/293754/Ireland/22978/The-Reformation-period Ireland: The Reformation Period & Ireland under Elizabth I], Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</ref> IWelisi [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542|ukaka ngemibuso engilandi]].<ref name="BBC Tudors">{{cite web|title= British History in Depth&nbsp;– Wales under the Tudors |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/wales_tudors_01.shtml|accessdate=21 September 2010 |publisher=BBC History |date=5 November 2009}}</ref> I-Ayilandi [[Kingdom of Ireland|umbuso womshado yinskosana isiNgisi]].<ref>{{cite book |title= A history of the modern British Isles, 1529–1603: The two kingdoms |pages=171–172 |first=Mark |last=Nicholls |year=1999 |isbn= 9780631193340 |publisher=Blackwell |location =Oxford}}</ref> e-1603, imibuso wengilandi, wesiKotilandi no-Ayilandi bahlangana womshado ngenxa ya[[James I of England|James VI, King of Scots]]. [[File:Westminster Abbey by Canaletto, 1749.jpg|thumb|200px|left| [[ILondon]]]] == Ezombusazwe == {{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | align = right | caption_align = center | total_width = 320 | image1 = King Charles III (July 2023).jpg | image2 = Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Charles III, iNgonyama | caption2 = Keir Starmer, iNdunankulu | alt1 = | alt2 = }} Nakuba umthethosisekelo ungalotshwanga embhalweni omunye njengawaseNingizimu Afrika, imikhuba ejwayelekile, izinqumo zezinkantolo zobulungiswa kanye nemithetho eshayiwe iPhalamende, namuhla ezombusazwe Umbuso Ohlangeneyo zihamba ohlakweni wentandoyeningi yesishayamthetho ongaphansi kobunkosi bomthethosisekelo. Umqhele umele ubukhosi, kepha ngenxa yokuhamba kwesikhathi, iNgonyama (noma iNdlovukazi) ayinalo igunya lokufezekisa imiyalo yobukhosi kanye namandle ombuso ngaphandle kwemvumo nombono wabasombangazwe abakhethwe ngabantu. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi amagatsha wombuso akheke ngokulandelayo: * Isishayamthetho siqukatha Umqhele oPhalamendeni, iNdlu yeZakhamuzi, neNdlu yamaKhosi. * Isiphatha siqukatha Umqhele oMkhandlwini kanye noMkhandlu wangaSese (kakhulu ikomiti yayo yayokuphatha: iKhabhinethi) * Esobulungiswa siqukatha Umqhele oBhentshini nezinkantolo Nakuba Umqhele unamandla okuphawula umthethosivivinywa, iNgonyama ayikwazi ukuhoxa imvumo yomqhele ngaphandle kokuboniswa (mpeleni ukuyalelwa) yiNdunankuku. Nakuba Umqhele unamandla okukhetha nabani na ukuba yiNdunankulu, umthetho uphoqa iNkosi ukuthi ikhethe ilunga leNdlu yeZakhamuzi elinokhono lokugcina ukwethembeka kwePhalamende (mpeleni, umholi weqembu lezombangazwe elineningi eliNdlini yeZakhamuzi). iNgonyama iphoqeke ukuqoka abongqongqoshe, abehluleli bezinkantolo eziphezulu (ngenxa yesithakazelo seNgonyama sikaMthombo wobuLungiswa), abakhuzi bamabutho ahlomileyo, kanye namabhishobhu weSonto laseNgilandi (ngenxa yesithakazelo seNgonyama sikaMbusi oPhakemeyo weSonto laseNgilandi) ngombono yeNdunankulu. Nakuba ekuqaleni, iNdunakulu yayingusophambili ebalinganweni, ngenxa yokugcina izikhundla zikaNkosi yokuQala yesiSkhwama noNgqongqoshe wabaSebenzi boMbuso nokuphucwa kobuholi negunya lokuqoka abehluleli begatsha lobulungiswa kuNkosi Shansela, iNdunankulu iyihloko yehulumeni. Phezu kwalokho, njengomholi weqembu lezombangazwe elineningi eNdlini yeZakhamuzi, iNdunankulu inethonya emthethweni ovivinywayo futhi noshayiwayo. Uma iNdlu yeZakhamuzi ilahlekelwe ithemba kuNdunankulu, iNdunankulu (kanye namalunga eKhabhinethi) iphoqekile ukwehla esikhundleni noma ukucela iNkosi ukuthi icithe iNdlu yeZakhamuzi ibize ukhetho omusha. uKeir Starmer weqembu labasebenzi (Labour Party) uyindunankulu kusukela 2024. Umholi weqembu lokuphikisana elisemthethweni elithembekile loPhakemeyo ngu-Kemi Badenoch we-Conservative Party (elaziwa ngama-Tories). Izishayamthetho zasesiKotilandi kanye nase-Wales zinikezwe igunya lokushaya imithetho emkhakheni ethile kepha azilingani ekuzimeleni. iNyakatho Ayilendi ayisanoso isishayamthetho. iScottish National Party, ekhankasela ukuzimela kwesiKotilandi, iyiqembu lombangazwe elineningi esiKotilandi. Izinhlobo ze-Labour nama-Conservatives zaseWales kanye ne-Plaid Cymru ziqukatha i-Senedd, isishayamthetho saseWales. [[File:Houses of Parliament in 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Isigodlo saseWestminster, lapho kuhlangana iPhalamende]] iNgilandi neWales zinohlaka lunye lezinkantolo zobulungiswa. Inkantolo yokugcina lapho amacala ahlulelwe kulezo zinkantolo iyiNkantolo ePhakeme. Ezomthethosisekelo zingandluliswa kuyona uma ziqhamuka ezinkantolweni zasesiKotilandi kepha esisemthethweni jikelele ziphelela e-Court of Session uma zimayelana umthetho womphakathi kanye ne-High Court of Justiciary uma zimayelana umthetho wobugebengu. iKomiti Yobulungiswa yoMkhandlu wangaSese yayinamandla okuhlulela izindaba eNgilandi kepha izinkantolo ziwathathile lawomandla. Nakuba kunjalo kusakhona izizwe namakoloni asandlulisa amacala kuyo. Nakuba iNdlu yamaKhosi ibizwa indlu yangaphezulu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amandla okushaya umthetho nokulawula uhulumeni asezandleni ngci zendlu yangaphansi, iNdlu yeZakhamuzi. Amalunga weNdlu yamaKhosi angaba amakhosi akhethwa yiNkosi ngomboniso yeNdunakulu, noma amabhishobhu weSonto laseNgilandi kanye namakhosi angene ngobundlalifa. Lendlu ayinawo amandla okunqaba ukushayiwa komthetho kepha ingaletha umbono wayo mayelana umthethosivivinywa. iNkosi ivula ukuhlangana kwePhalamende okyenyaka ngesiMemezo esoHlalweni sobuKhosi futhi umcimbi wemiBuzo kwiNdunankulu iyindlela yoqinisekisa ukwephenduleka egatsheni lokuphatha. === Ezokuvikela === [[File:HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_in_Gibraltar_-_2018_(28386226189).jpg|alt=|thumb|Isithwalandiza, uMkhumbi koPhakemeyo (''HMS'') iNdlovukazi uElizabethi II]] Amabutho Ahlomileyo woPhakemeyo avikela Umbuso Ohlangeneyo namakoloni awo. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo uyilunga weHlangano Yomvumelwano waseNyakatho Atlantiki, umfelandawonye wezizwe zaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Amabutho Ahlomileyo anamajoni angama-127,000 (Ibutho laseBhulithani: 72,000, Ibutho laseLwandle leNkosi: 28,000, Ibutho laseMoyeni leNkosi: 28,000). iBhulithani inezikhali zenuzi. iBhulithani inezithwalandiza ezimbili kanye nemikhumbi yempi (ngaphezu- nangaphansi kwamanzi) ezingama-63. iBhulithani inezizinda zamabutho ezingama-145 ezizweni ezingama-42. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo unezizulane zibunjiwe zamabutho. Imboni yezihlomile ikhiqiza izikhali ezisetshenziswa namabutho aseBhulithani kanye nezinye izizwe futhi iBhulithani ithenga izikhali nezinye izinsiza zempi ezizweni zaseYurophu, iMelika nase-[[Isirayeli]]. === Ezobudlelwanenezizwe === [[File:Donald Trump & Charles III 2025-09-17 (crop).jpg|thumb|iNgonyama uCharles III noMengameli waseMelika uDonald Trump]] Amanxusa wezizwe ezinye amkelwa enkantolweni yesigodlo sikaNgcwele uJakobe. Amanxusa athunywa kwezinye izizwe ziqokwa egameli lomqhele kulesosigodlo sikaNgcwele uJakobe. Nakuba Umqhele unegunya lokushicilelela izakhamuzi nabanye abangaphansi kokuphephiswa kohulumeni koPhakemeyo amapasi, lenkambo iqhutshwa nguMnyango wazaseKhaya. iBhulithani iyilunga likanomphela loMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa senhlangana yeZizwe Ezihlangeneyo. Lokho kuyinikeza igunya lokuvimba izinqumo zalomkhandlu. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo unobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-160. Umnyango wezobuDlelwanenezizwe noMdlelandawonye weZizwe wenza umsebenze wazinsuku ngezinsuku omayelene ubudlelwane boMbuso Ohlangeneyo nezinye izizwe. uNobhala wezobuDlelwanenezizwe (isithakazo sengqongqoshe yalomnyango) usebenzisana neNdunankulu ukuqhuba iminqubomngomo yesizwe mayelana loludaba. Nakuba iNdunankulu inamandla okuvumelana nezinye ezizwe ngenxa yokuletha umbono eMqheleni, ukuze leyomvumelwano ibengumthetho waseBhulithani, kufanele ushayiwe njengamuphi namuphi umthetho wePhalemende. iBhulithani iyilunga lezihlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, isibonelo, iBhange Yomhlaba, isiKhwama soMhlabawonke weziMali, iQembu labesiKhombisa, Umdlelandawonye weZizwe, uMkhandlu waseYurophu neNkantolo Yomhlabawonke Wobugebengu. Ngenxa yokhetho waka-2016, ngo-2020 Umbuso Ohlangeneyo iphumile eBumbanweni yaseYurophu. iNobudlelwane obusondelene kakhulu [[IMelika|neMelika]], [[iKhanada]], [[i-Ostreliya]] ne-[[INyuzilandi]]. '''Ezamafundazwe''' [[File:British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.svg|thumb|Izindawo ezingaphansi koMbuso Ohlangeneyo (ehlaza otshani): iziNciko oMqhelweni (ezihlaza obhakabhaka) neziNdawo ezingaPhesheyakolwandle (ezibomvu)]] Umbuso Ohlangeneyo uqukathwa amazwenxenye amane: iNgilandi, iWales, isiKotilandi kanye neNyakatho Ayilendi. Nakuba zingabizwa izifundazwe ngokujwayelekile, mpeleni zisebenza njengezifundazwe emikhakheni eminingi njengezinye izizwe ngoba zinezikhungo zikahulumeni ezikhethwe izakhamuzi zazo ezingaphansi koHulumeni woMqhele futhi amandla okushaya umthetho nokuziphatha anikezwa iPhalamende yaseBhulithani. iNgilandi ihlukile kulamazwenxenye amanye ngoba ayinawo uhulumeni. iNgilandi inezifunda kepha zisetshenzelwa ezozibalalozabantu. Kukhona iziqhingi ezintathu ezibizwa Izinciko oMqhelweni (''Crown Dependencies''): i-Jersey, i-Guernsey, kanye nesiqhingi sikaMan. Leziziqhingi aziyinxenye yoMbuso Ohlangeneyo kepha ziyizindawo ezingazimelanga ezingaphansi koMqhele waseBhulithani. Lokho kusho ukuthi uMqhele oMkhandlwini (mpeleni igatsha lokuphatha lohulumeni waseBhulithani) unegunya lokuzishayela umthetho mayelana namuphi udaba kodwa mpeleni leziziqhingi zizishayela zona umthetho ngaphandle kwezokuvikela nobudlelwanenezizwe. Futhi kuneziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle zeBhulithani (''British Overseas Territories''). Lezizindawo zingamakoloni eBhulithani agcinwe ngasemuva kwomnyakazo wezombangazwe okususa ubukoloni wezi1940 kufikela izi-1960. Lezizindawo zinegunya lokuzishayela umthetho ngaphandle kwezokuvikela. Futhi iBhulithani igcine amandla okuzenzela kulezizindawo uma isimo sivuma kodwa ngeningi lesikhathi iBhulithani iziyekela ziziphathe. Awukho umehluko ngaphakathi kweziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle neziNciko oMqhelweni ngaphandle kokuthi iziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle azikho eziqhingini zaseBhulithani. Ezinye zalezizindawo azinabo abahlali ngaphandle kwamajoni nabosonzululwazi njenge-''British Antarctic Territory''. == Notes == <small>{{reflist|2|group=note}} <br /> == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} <br /> {{Amazwe eYurophu}} [[Category:Amazwe]] [[Category:Amazwe eYurophu]] [[Category:IYurophu Enyakatho]] [[Category:Umbuso Ohlanganeyo| ]] 32jgupbzmjg8m1mnywfi3t1ngeftce4 123091 123090 2026-05-06T12:54:16Z Edwin Ndaba 13909 /* Ezobudlelwanenezizwe */ 123091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Umbuso Ohlangeneyo}} {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<big><big>'''Umbuso Ohlangeneyo <br /> ''United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland'''''</big></big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg|125px]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[File:Royal_Coat_of_Arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(Both_Realms).svg|125px]] |} |- | align="center" colspan=2 | <small>''[[Isaga wesizwe]]: Dieu et mon droit''</big> |- | <small>''[[Inkondlo yesizwe]]: [[God Save the Queen|God Save the King]]''<ref group="note">No law was passed making ''God Save the King'' the official anthem. In the British tradition, such laws are not necessary; proclamation and usage are sufficient to make it the official national anthem. ''God Save the King'' also serves as the [[Honors music|Royal anthem]] for several other countries.</ref> || <div align="center">[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]]</div><br /> |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Europe-UK.svg|250px]] |- | '''Izilimi''' || <small>[[isiNgisi]],<ref>"direct.gov.uk" http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012519 {{Webarchive|url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20121015000000/http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012519|date=2012-10-15}} Directgov: English language – Government, citizens and rights | [[Directgov]] | 23 August 2011</ref><ref>"thecommonwealth.org">http://www.thecommonwealth.org/YearbookHomeInternal/139560 Commonwealth Secretariat – UK | [[Commonwealth Secretariat]] | 23 August 2011</ref> [[isiAyilendi]] ''Gaeilge'']], [[isiKoshi sase-Ulster]] ''Ulstèr-Scotch'', [[Scottish Gaelic]]<!-- Keep 'Scottish Gaelic' - people will find Gaelic confusing as the Irish language is also commonly called Gaelic -->, [[isiKoshi]] ''Gàidhlig'', [[isiWelisi]] ''Cymraeg'', [[isiKornishi]] ''Kernowek''<ref>Under the [[Council of Europe]]'s [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]], the Welsh, Scottish Gaelic, [[Cornish language|Cornish]], Irish, [[Scots language|Scots]] and its regional variant [[Ulster Scots dialects|Ulster Scots]] are officially recognised as [[Regional language|Regional]] or [[Minority language|Minority languages]] by the [[United Kingdom Government|UK Government]] for the purposes of the Charter. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/ArtsCulture/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter|title=European{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Charter for Regional or Minority Languages| publisher=[[Scottish Government]] |accessdate=11 December 2010</ref> |- | '''Amaqembu wesiko''' <small>|| 92.1% [[White people|White]]<br /> 4.0% [[British Asian|South Asian]]<br /> 2.0% [[Black British|Black]]<br /> 1.2% [[British Mixed-Race|Mixed]]<br /> 0.4% [[British Chinese|Chinese]]<br /> 0.4% [[United Kingdom Census 2001|Other]]<ref><nowiki>http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Expodata/Spreadsheets/D6588.xls{{dead</nowiki>{{Dead link|date=May 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} link|date=December 2011 |title=United Kingdom population by ethnic group |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |date=1 April 2001 [[United Kingdom Census 2001]] |accessdate=15 April 2009 |format=XLS</ref> |- | '''IDemonimi''' || amaNgisi |- | '''Isiqongo''' || [[ILondon]] |- | '''Ilathithudi''' || 51N |- | '''Ilongithudi''' || 0 |- | '''Idolobha elikhulu''' || [[ILondon]] |- | '''Uhulumeni''' || <small>[[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[constitutional monarchy]] |- | '''Umholi nobukhosi''' || [[Charles III]] |- | '''Ungqongqoshe phezulu''' || [[Keir Starmer]] |- | '''Ubungako bendawo''' || 243,610 km² |- | '''Inani labantu'''<br />&nbsp;Lonke:<br />&nbsp;Ukuminyana: | <br />58,789,194<small>(2001)<ref>http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/pop2001/united_kingdom.asp | Census 2001: Population estimates | Office for National Statistics | 21 April 2011</ref></small><br />255.6 ab./km&sup2; |- | '''GDP''' || $2.233&nbsp;trillion<ref name="imf2">http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2011&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=112&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=25&pr.y=6 |title=United Kingdom | [[International Monetary Fund]] | April | 2011 | 8 May 2011</ref> (7th) |- | '''GDP per capita''' || $35,646<ref name=imf2/> (22nd) |- | '''GDP nominal''' || $2.472&nbsp;trillion<ref name=imf2/> |- | '''GDP nominal per capita''' || $39,459<ref name=imf2/> (22nd) |- | '''HDI''' || 0.863<ref>http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf|title=Human {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830220336/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf%7Ctitle=Human |date=2021-08-30 }} Development Report 2011|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=2011-11-02}}</ref> (28th) |- | '''HDI category''' || <span style="color:#090;">very&nbsp;high</span> |- | '''Gini''' || 41<ref>http://www.poverty.org.uk/09/index.shtml {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110426071007/http://www.poverty.org.uk/09/index.shtml |date=2011-04-26 }} |title =Income inequalities |publisher=The Poverty Site |accessdate =21 April 2011}}</ref> |- | '''IMali''' || [[Upondo]] (GBP) |- | '''Indawo yesikathi''' || [[Greenwich Mean Time|GMT]] (UTC +0) |- | '''Ukushayela''' || Ukunxele |- | '''Inamba wucingo''' || +44 |- |} [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]] ([[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''United Kingdom''), ngokuphelele ngokomthetho: '''Umbuso Ohlangeneyo waseBhulithani Nkulu naseNyakatho Ayilendi''', uyisizwe onyakatho ntshonalanga [[IYurophu|eYurophu]] oqukatha iziqhingi zaseBhulithani. Ingaphakathi koLwandle waseNyakatho ngasempumalanga nasenyakatho, iLwandlekazi lase-Atlantiki ngasentshonalanga, ne-English Channel ngaseningizimu. Iseduzane nase[[IFulansi|Fulansi]] namaQhingi waseFaroe wombuso waseDanemaki. Ngenxa yokunqoba izizwe eziningi (ukwakha umbuso omkhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni omhlaba wonke), Umbuso Ohlangeneyo wawunethonya kwezombusazwe, kwezohwebo, zolimi, nobuchwepheshe. Abadlibezwe base-Ngilandi banqobe amomdabu base[[IMelika Enyakatho|Nyakatho Melika]] ukusungula isizwe esaziwa ngesimanje nge[[IMelika|Melika]] ngo-1783. Kusukela 1931, amakoloni lapho kwakuhlala abadlibezwe abaningi njengase-[[I-Ostreliya]] nase-[[IKhanada|Khanada]], wayenikezwe ubuzimela. Kusukela 1960, amakoloni ase-[[IAfrika|Afrika]] namanye amazekazi athole ukuzimela. Namuhla kusele amakoloni ambalwa ancane kodwa Umbuso Ohlangeneyo usaxhumene namakoloni wakudala ngenxa yobumbano we-Commonwealth of Nations. Kusukela ikhulu lweminyaka eleshumi nanye, [[iNgilandi]] yayihlasela [[i-Ayilendi]]. Ngokuhamba kwesikathi i-Ayilendi yawela ngaphansi kobukhosi base-Ngilandi olupheleliswe ngo-1541 ma u-Henry VIII azigcoba iNkosi yase-Ayalendi. Nakuba ama-Ayilendi evukele amaNgisi ngo-1594 ku-1603, konke ukuzimela kwacishwa ngenxa yokuphumelela kwamaNgisi ekunqobeni kwama-Ayilendi. iNdlovukazi yase-Ngilandi u-Elizabethi I wayeyitshitshi. Ngenxa yokuthi ubundlalifa baseNgilandi babundluliswa kwabesilisa phezu kwabesifazane (nakuba abesifazane bebakhono ukubayizindlalifa uma indodana ingekho), indodana kadadewabo uMariya, iNdlovukazi yama-Skoti, u-Jakobe VI (owayebalwa ngwesiqala e-Ngilandi) wabayinkosi yase-Ngilandi nase[[IsiKotilandi|siKotilandi]] ngo-1603. Ngokubuswa iNkosi eyodwa, amaPhalamende ase-Skotilandi nase-Ngilandi ashaye Imithetho oBumbano eholele ekuhlanganweni kwalezizizwe ngo-1707. Ngo-1861, iPhalamende yase-Ayalendi yalethwa ngaphansi kwePhalamende yoMbuso waseBhulithani Nkulu. Lokho kuholele ekusungulweni koMbuso Ohlangeneyo waseBhulithani Nkulu nase-Ayilendi. Ngenxa yempi yezakhamuzi yango-1919 ku-1921, i-Ayilendi yahletshulwa ngezinxenye ezimbili: yasenyakatho yegcinwa nguMbuso Ohlangeneyo kepha yaseningizimu yaphenduka isizwe esizimele, iRiphabhuliki yase-Ayilendi. Lokho kuholele ekuguqulweni kwegama kulelo esilaziyo namuhla. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo (isifinyezo: UK), sibuswe ngentandoyeningi ngenxa yokuthi iNkosi yayiphucwe amandla okubusa. i-UK isezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko okwomnotho nobuchwepheshe – idume ngokukhiqiza ucwaningo [[Inzululwazi|onzululwazi]]. Futhi, idolobha lase-[[ILondon|London]], isiqonga sombuso, siyihola ezemalini nasezobuciko nezekugqoka. <br /> == Umlando wegama == e1707 "Acts of Union" uhlanganisa amazwe iNgilandi nosiKotilandi.<ref>http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |date=2019-05-27 }} Treaty of Union, 1706 scotshistoryonline.co.uk 23 August 2011</ref><ref>http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LYc1tSYonrQC&pg=PA165#v=onepage&q&f=false Constitutional & Administrative Law p165 Barnett, Hilaire | Jago, Robert | 8th edition 2011 9780415563017 Routledge, Abingdon | 5 July 2011</ref><ref group="note">Compare to section 1 of both of the 1800 [[Acts of Union (1800)|Acts of Union]] which reads: the ''Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland shall...be united into one Kingdom, by the Name of "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab07 |title=History of Great Britain (from 1707) |author=[[Bamber Gascoigne]] |publisher=History World |accessdate=18 July 2011}}</ref> Igama "Umbuso Ohlangeneyo" ukusebenzisa ekhulunyaka yishumi nesishiyagalombili.<ref>http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/ | Acts of Union 1707 | parliament.uk | 21 July 2011</ref><ref>http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/visitingHolyrood/union_exhibition.pdf | Making the Act of Union 1707 | scottish.parliament.uk | 21 July 2011</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/7327029.stm England – Profile | BBC | 21 July 2011 | 10 February 2011</ref><ref>http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515023116/http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html|date=2011-05-15}} | The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 | [[Historical Association]] | 21 July 2011</ref> Igama "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" angeniswile e1927 nga-"Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act" ukunikela ukuzimela waFleyistata Ayilandi e1922.<ref>The Irish Civil War 1922–23 | Cottrell, P. | 2008 | 85 | 1846032709</ref> Ushiya i-Ayilandi Senyakatho izwe kuphela esiqhingi, ukuhlanganyela wUmbuso Ohlangeneyo. <br /><br /> == Umlando phambi kwa-1066 == [[File:Stonehenge2007 07 30.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Stonehenge]], e-[[Wiltshire]], akwakha e-2500BC.]] Abantu nguNeolithiki abazinza iminyaka yinkulungwane ngamashumi amathathu kade.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_west/7069001.stm "Ancient skeleton was 'even older']". ''BBC News''. 30 October 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2011.</ref> Ekupheleni [[Prehistoric Britain|ikhathi udaladala]], abantu bahlangene naqembu bambiza [[Insular Celts|Insular Celtic]], uqukatha [[Britons (historical)|Brythonic Britain]] no-[[i-Ayilendi Geyilikhi]].<ref>Celtic culture: A historical encyclopedia | p973 | Koch, John T. | 9781851094400 | 2006 | ABC-CLIO | Santa Barbara, CA</ref> Emva kwa[[iNhlaselo iRhomani|Nhlaselo iRhomani]], uqala 43 AD, nombuso iminyaka amakhulu okune ([[Roman Britain|rule of southern Britain]]), inhlaselo [[isiJalimani]] ([[Anglo-Saxon]]).<ref> [[Encyclopaedia of Wales|The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales]]<nowiki> | 2008 | University of Wales Press | Cardiff | 9780708319536 | p915}}</nowiki></ref> [[Anglo-Saxon England|Ingilandi wAnglo-Saxon]] uhlanganisa ung[[Umbuso iNgilandi]] ekhulunyaka yisishiyagalolunye.<ref name="Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/athelstan.shtml Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website]</ref> Okwamanje, [[abaDál Riata|abantu Geyilikhi esiKotilandi senyakatho]] (nokuhlangana e-Ayilendi impumalanga nenyakatho)<ref>Mackie, J.D. | A History of Scotland | London | Penguin | 1991 | 9780140136494 | p18–19</ref><ref>Campbell, Ewan | Saints and Sea-kings: The First Kingdom of the Scots | Canongate | Edinburgh | 1999 | 0-86241-874-7 | p8–15</ref> bahlanganisa n[[amaPikithi]] ukudala [[Umbuso isiKotilandi]].<ref>Christopher Haigh | The Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland | Cambridge University Press | 1990 | p30 | 9780521395526</ref> [[File:Bayeux Tapestry WillelmDux.jpg|thumb|200px|left| i[[Bayeux Tapestry]] ubonakalisa [[ukulwa waHastings]].]] e-1066, amasefulansi bangena iNgilandi.<ref>Feudalism | Ganshof, F.L. | p165 | 9780802071583 | University of Toronto | 1996</ref><ref>The debate on the Norman Conquest | p115–122 | Chibnall, Marjorie | 1999 | Manchester University Press | 9780719049132</ref> Amakhosi isiNgisi banqoba iWelisi, bafeyila ukubanqoba isiKotilandi. Amakhosi isiNgisi, bamukela amaiziqithi eFulansi, namalungelo lobukhosi, pho balwa eFulansi, empi ngu-[[Impi Iminyaka Kakhulu]].<ref>Keen, Maurice. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/hundred_years_war_01.shtml "The Hundred Years War"]. BBC History.</ref> Ukuqhatha wemkolo ngenxa ya-[[Reformation]] nokungenisa wenkolo i[[Protestantism in the United Kingdom|Protestant]].<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/479892/Protestantism/41558/The-Reformation-in-England-and-Scotland The Reformation in England and Scotland] and [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/293754/Ireland/22978/The-Reformation-period Ireland: The Reformation Period & Ireland under Elizabth I], Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</ref> IWelisi [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542|ukaka ngemibuso engilandi]].<ref name="BBC Tudors">{{cite web|title= British History in Depth&nbsp;– Wales under the Tudors |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/wales_tudors_01.shtml|accessdate=21 September 2010 |publisher=BBC History |date=5 November 2009}}</ref> I-Ayilandi [[Kingdom of Ireland|umbuso womshado yinskosana isiNgisi]].<ref>{{cite book |title= A history of the modern British Isles, 1529–1603: The two kingdoms |pages=171–172 |first=Mark |last=Nicholls |year=1999 |isbn= 9780631193340 |publisher=Blackwell |location =Oxford}}</ref> e-1603, imibuso wengilandi, wesiKotilandi no-Ayilandi bahlangana womshado ngenxa ya[[James I of England|James VI, King of Scots]]. [[File:Westminster Abbey by Canaletto, 1749.jpg|thumb|200px|left| [[ILondon]]]] == Ezombusazwe == {{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | align = right | caption_align = center | total_width = 320 | image1 = King Charles III (July 2023).jpg | image2 = Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Charles III, iNgonyama | caption2 = Keir Starmer, iNdunankulu | alt1 = | alt2 = }} Nakuba umthethosisekelo ungalotshwanga embhalweni omunye njengawaseNingizimu Afrika, imikhuba ejwayelekile, izinqumo zezinkantolo zobulungiswa kanye nemithetho eshayiwe iPhalamende, namuhla ezombusazwe Umbuso Ohlangeneyo zihamba ohlakweni wentandoyeningi yesishayamthetho ongaphansi kobunkosi bomthethosisekelo. Umqhele umele ubukhosi, kepha ngenxa yokuhamba kwesikhathi, iNgonyama (noma iNdlovukazi) ayinalo igunya lokufezekisa imiyalo yobukhosi kanye namandle ombuso ngaphandle kwemvumo nombono wabasombangazwe abakhethwe ngabantu. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi amagatsha wombuso akheke ngokulandelayo: * Isishayamthetho siqukatha Umqhele oPhalamendeni, iNdlu yeZakhamuzi, neNdlu yamaKhosi. * Isiphatha siqukatha Umqhele oMkhandlwini kanye noMkhandlu wangaSese (kakhulu ikomiti yayo yayokuphatha: iKhabhinethi) * Esobulungiswa siqukatha Umqhele oBhentshini nezinkantolo Nakuba Umqhele unamandla okuphawula umthethosivivinywa, iNgonyama ayikwazi ukuhoxa imvumo yomqhele ngaphandle kokuboniswa (mpeleni ukuyalelwa) yiNdunankuku. Nakuba Umqhele unamandla okukhetha nabani na ukuba yiNdunankulu, umthetho uphoqa iNkosi ukuthi ikhethe ilunga leNdlu yeZakhamuzi elinokhono lokugcina ukwethembeka kwePhalamende (mpeleni, umholi weqembu lezombangazwe elineningi eliNdlini yeZakhamuzi). iNgonyama iphoqeke ukuqoka abongqongqoshe, abehluleli bezinkantolo eziphezulu (ngenxa yesithakazelo seNgonyama sikaMthombo wobuLungiswa), abakhuzi bamabutho ahlomileyo, kanye namabhishobhu weSonto laseNgilandi (ngenxa yesithakazelo seNgonyama sikaMbusi oPhakemeyo weSonto laseNgilandi) ngombono yeNdunankulu. Nakuba ekuqaleni, iNdunakulu yayingusophambili ebalinganweni, ngenxa yokugcina izikhundla zikaNkosi yokuQala yesiSkhwama noNgqongqoshe wabaSebenzi boMbuso nokuphucwa kobuholi negunya lokuqoka abehluleli begatsha lobulungiswa kuNkosi Shansela, iNdunankulu iyihloko yehulumeni. Phezu kwalokho, njengomholi weqembu lezombangazwe elineningi eNdlini yeZakhamuzi, iNdunankulu inethonya emthethweni ovivinywayo futhi noshayiwayo. Uma iNdlu yeZakhamuzi ilahlekelwe ithemba kuNdunankulu, iNdunankulu (kanye namalunga eKhabhinethi) iphoqekile ukwehla esikhundleni noma ukucela iNkosi ukuthi icithe iNdlu yeZakhamuzi ibize ukhetho omusha. uKeir Starmer weqembu labasebenzi (Labour Party) uyindunankulu kusukela 2024. Umholi weqembu lokuphikisana elisemthethweni elithembekile loPhakemeyo ngu-Kemi Badenoch we-Conservative Party (elaziwa ngama-Tories). Izishayamthetho zasesiKotilandi kanye nase-Wales zinikezwe igunya lokushaya imithetho emkhakheni ethile kepha azilingani ekuzimeleni. iNyakatho Ayilendi ayisanoso isishayamthetho. iScottish National Party, ekhankasela ukuzimela kwesiKotilandi, iyiqembu lombangazwe elineningi esiKotilandi. Izinhlobo ze-Labour nama-Conservatives zaseWales kanye ne-Plaid Cymru ziqukatha i-Senedd, isishayamthetho saseWales. [[File:Houses of Parliament in 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Isigodlo saseWestminster, lapho kuhlangana iPhalamende]] iNgilandi neWales zinohlaka lunye lezinkantolo zobulungiswa. Inkantolo yokugcina lapho amacala ahlulelwe kulezo zinkantolo iyiNkantolo ePhakeme. Ezomthethosisekelo zingandluliswa kuyona uma ziqhamuka ezinkantolweni zasesiKotilandi kepha esisemthethweni jikelele ziphelela e-Court of Session uma zimayelana umthetho womphakathi kanye ne-High Court of Justiciary uma zimayelana umthetho wobugebengu. iKomiti Yobulungiswa yoMkhandlu wangaSese yayinamandla okuhlulela izindaba eNgilandi kepha izinkantolo ziwathathile lawomandla. Nakuba kunjalo kusakhona izizwe namakoloni asandlulisa amacala kuyo. Nakuba iNdlu yamaKhosi ibizwa indlu yangaphezulu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amandla okushaya umthetho nokulawula uhulumeni asezandleni ngci zendlu yangaphansi, iNdlu yeZakhamuzi. Amalunga weNdlu yamaKhosi angaba amakhosi akhethwa yiNkosi ngomboniso yeNdunakulu, noma amabhishobhu weSonto laseNgilandi kanye namakhosi angene ngobundlalifa. Lendlu ayinawo amandla okunqaba ukushayiwa komthetho kepha ingaletha umbono wayo mayelana umthethosivivinywa. iNkosi ivula ukuhlangana kwePhalamende okyenyaka ngesiMemezo esoHlalweni sobuKhosi futhi umcimbi wemiBuzo kwiNdunankulu iyindlela yoqinisekisa ukwephenduleka egatsheni lokuphatha. === Ezokuvikela === [[File:HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_in_Gibraltar_-_2018_(28386226189).jpg|alt=|thumb|Isithwalandiza, uMkhumbi koPhakemeyo (''HMS'') iNdlovukazi uElizabethi II]] Amabutho Ahlomileyo woPhakemeyo avikela Umbuso Ohlangeneyo namakoloni awo. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo uyilunga weHlangano Yomvumelwano waseNyakatho Atlantiki, umfelandawonye wezizwe zaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Amabutho Ahlomileyo anamajoni angama-127,000 (Ibutho laseBhulithani: 72,000, Ibutho laseLwandle leNkosi: 28,000, Ibutho laseMoyeni leNkosi: 28,000). iBhulithani inezikhali zenuzi. iBhulithani inezithwalandiza ezimbili kanye nemikhumbi yempi (ngaphezu- nangaphansi kwamanzi) ezingama-63. iBhulithani inezizinda zamabutho ezingama-145 ezizweni ezingama-42. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo unezizulane zibunjiwe zamabutho. Imboni yezihlomile ikhiqiza izikhali ezisetshenziswa namabutho aseBhulithani kanye nezinye izizwe futhi iBhulithani ithenga izikhali nezinye izinsiza zempi ezizweni zaseYurophu, iMelika nase-[[Isirayeli]]. === Ezobudlelwanenezizwe === [[File:Donald Trump & Charles III 2025-09-17 (crop).jpg|thumb|iNgonyama uCharles III noMengameli waseMelika uDonald Trump]] Amanxusa wezizwe ezinye amkelwa enkantolweni yesigodlo sikaNgcwele uJakobe. Amanxusa athunywa kwezinye izizwe ziqokwa egameli lomqhele kulesosigodlo sikaNgcwele uJakobe. Nakuba Umqhele unegunya lokushicilelela izakhamuzi nabanye abangaphansi kokuphephiswa kohulumeni koPhakemeyo amapasi, lenkambo iqhutshwa nguMnyango wazaseKhaya. iBhulithani iyilunga likanomphela loMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa senhlangana yeZizwe Ezihlangeneyo. Lokho kuyinikeza igunya lokuvimba izinqumo zalomkhandlu. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo unobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-160. Umnyango wezobuDlelwanenezizwe noMdlelandawonye weZizwe wenza umsebenze wazinsuku ngezinsuku omayelene ubudlelwane boMbuso Ohlangeneyo nezinye izizwe. uNobhala wezobuDlelwanenezizwe (isithakazo sengqongqoshe yalomnyango) usebenzisana neNdunankulu ukuqhuba iminqubomngomo yesizwe mayelana loludaba. Nakuba iNdunankulu inamandla okuvumelana nezinye ezizwe ngenxa yokuletha umbono eMqheleni, ukuze leyomvumelwano ibengumthetho waseBhulithani, kufanele ushayiwe njengamuphi namuphi umthetho wePhalemende. iBhulithani iyilunga lezihlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, isibonelo, iBhange Yomhlaba, isiKhwama soMhlabawonke weziMali, iQembu labesiKhombisa, Umdlelandawonye weZizwe, uMkhandlu waseYurophu neNkantolo Yomhlabawonke Wobugebengu. Ngenxa yokhetho waka-2016, ngo-2020 Umbuso Ohlangeneyo iphumile eBumbanweni yaseYurophu. iNobudlelwane obusondelene kakhulu [[IMelika|neMelika]], [[iKhanada]], [[i-Ostreliya]] ne-[[INyuzilandi]]. === Ezamafundazwe === [[File:British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.svg|thumb|Izindawo ezingaphansi koMbuso Ohlangeneyo (ehlaza otshani): iziNciko oMqhelweni (ezihlaza obhakabhaka) neziNdawo ezingaPhesheyakolwandle (ezibomvu)]] Umbuso Ohlangeneyo uqukathwa amazwenxenye amane: iNgilandi, iWales, isiKotilandi kanye neNyakatho Ayilendi. Nakuba zingabizwa izifundazwe ngokujwayelekile, mpeleni zisebenza njengezifundazwe emikhakheni eminingi njengezinye izizwe ngoba zinezikhungo zikahulumeni ezikhethwe izakhamuzi zazo ezingaphansi koHulumeni woMqhele futhi amandla okushaya umthetho nokuziphatha anikezwa iPhalamende yaseBhulithani. iNgilandi ihlukile kulamazwenxenye amanye ngoba ayinawo uhulumeni. iNgilandi inezifunda kepha zisetshenzelwa ezozibalalozabantu. Kukhona iziqhingi ezintathu ezibizwa Izinciko oMqhelweni (''Crown Dependencies''): i-Jersey, i-Guernsey, kanye nesiqhingi sikaMan. Leziziqhingi aziyinxenye yoMbuso Ohlangeneyo kepha ziyizindawo ezingazimelanga ezingaphansi koMqhele waseBhulithani. Lokho kusho ukuthi uMqhele oMkhandlwini (mpeleni igatsha lokuphatha lohulumeni waseBhulithani) unegunya lokuzishayela umthetho mayelana namuphi udaba kodwa mpeleni leziziqhingi zizishayela zona umthetho ngaphandle kwezokuvikela nobudlelwanenezizwe. Futhi kuneziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle zeBhulithani (''British Overseas Territories''). Lezizindawo zingamakoloni eBhulithani agcinwe ngasemuva kwomnyakazo wezombangazwe okususa ubukoloni wezi1940 kufikela izi-1960. Lezizindawo zinegunya lokuzishayela umthetho ngaphandle kwezokuvikela. Futhi iBhulithani igcine amandla okuzenzela kulezizindawo uma isimo sivuma kodwa ngeningi lesikhathi iBhulithani iziyekela ziziphathe. Awukho umehluko ngaphakathi kweziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle neziNciko oMqhelweni ngaphandle kokuthi iziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle azikho eziqhingini zaseBhulithani. Ezinye zalezizindawo azinabo abahlali ngaphandle kwamajoni nabosonzululwazi njenge-''British Antarctic Territory''. == Notes == <small>{{reflist|2|group=note}} <br /> == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} <br /> {{Amazwe eYurophu}} [[Category:Amazwe]] [[Category:Amazwe eYurophu]] [[Category:IYurophu Enyakatho]] [[Category:Umbuso Ohlanganeyo| ]] r8lzivtrfhmz1vt4wjttvwfou7ty9i5 123107 123091 2026-05-06T17:39:22Z Edwin Ndaba 13909 123107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Umbuso Ohlangeneyo}} {{Infobox izwe|igama=Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|igama_ivamile=iBhulithani|igama_ikhulu=Umbuso Ohlangeneyo waseBhulithani Nkulu naseNyakatho Ayilendi|ifulegi=Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg|image_coat=Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_both_variants).svg|isaga_wesizwe=eNgilandi naseAyilendi: "''Dieu et mon droit''" ([[isiFulentshi]])<br>"Unkulunkulu nelungelo lami"<br> esiKotilandi: "''Nemo me impune lacessit''" ([[isiLatini]])<br>"Ongicasulayo uzophendula''|inkondlo_wesizwe=''God save the King'' ([[isiNgisi]])<br>Nkulunkulu hlenga iNgonyama|inhlokodolobha=[[iLondon]]|izilimi=ngokomthetho: [[isiNgisi]]<br>ngezifunda: isiKhonishi, isi-Ayilendi, isiSikoti-Gelishi, isiSikoti, isiWelishi, isiSikoti sase-Ulster|idolobha_elikhulu=[[iLondon]]|ibalazwe=United_Kingdom_on_the_globe_(Europe_centered).svg|ubukhulu_km2=243610|ixuku_labantu_km2=258|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Intandoyeningi okwephalamendi ngaphansi kobunkosi bomthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=iNgonyama|umongameli_igama1=Charles wesiThathu|umongameli_isithakazo2=iNdunankulu|umongameli_igama2=Keir Starmer|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Ukuhlanganiswa kwemiQhele yaseNgilandi nasesiKotilandi|usuku_isehlakalo1=24 kaNdasa 1603|ubedala_isehlakalo2=Imithetho yobumbano yeNgilandi nesiKotilandi|usuku_isehlakalo2=1 kaNhlaba 1707|ubedala_isehlakalo3=Imithetho yobumbano yeBhulithani Nkulu neAyilendi|usuku_isehlakalo3=1 kaMasingana 1801|ubedala_isehlakalo4=Umthetho oMthethosisekelo weZwe Khululekile lase-Ayilendi|usuku_isehlakalo4=6 kaZibandlela 1922|imali=iPondo sitelingi (GBP/£)|other1=iNkolo ngokomthetho|value1=iSonto laseNgilandi|other2=Umkhiqizophelele woMnotho (ngosobala)|value2=Izigidintathu eziyi-3.6 USD|other3=Umkhiqizophelele woMnotho hletshulwe ngamuntu (ngosobala)|value3=52,648 USD|other4=Umkhiqizophelele woMnotho (ngasilinganiso samandla emali)|value4=Izigidintathu eziyi-4.3 USD|other5=Umkhiqizophelele woMnotho hletshulwe ngamuntu (ngasilinganiso samandla emali)|value5=62,011 USD|other6=Inkomba Yentuthuko Yabantu|value6=0.946|other7=Indawo Yesikhathi|value7=+0 GMT (UTC) ngesihlobo<br> +1 GMT (UTC) ngobusika|other8=Ihlangothi lokushayela|value8=ngasenxele|other9=Isifinyezo|value9=UK|abantu=68,138,484|izinhlanga=83.1% Abamhlophe<br>8.6% Abase-Eshiya<br>3.7% Abansundu<br>2.7%<br>2.7%Abaxubekiwe<br>2.0% Abanye|inkolo=ngokomthetho: iSonto laseNgilandi|umkhiqizophelele_isiqhathaniso_samandla_emali_unyaka=Izigidintathu eziyi-4.3 USD|umkhiqizophelele_sobala=52,648 USD|umkhiqizophelele_ngamuntu_isiqhathaniso_samandla_emali=62,011 USD|umkhiqizophelele_ngamuntu_sobala=Izigidintathu eziyi-4.5 USD|ihlangothi_lokushayela=Ngasenxele|indawo_yesikhathi=+0 UTC (esihlobo)<br>+1 UTC (ebusika)|inkomba_yobungalingani_gini=35.4|inkomba_yentuthuko=0.946|umkhondo_ocingo=+44}} [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]] ([[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''United Kingdom''), ngokuphelele ngokomthetho: '''Umbuso Ohlangeneyo waseBhulithani Nkulu naseNyakatho Ayilendi''', uyisizwe onyakatho ntshonalanga [[IYurophu|eYurophu]] oqukatha iziqhingi zaseBhulithani. Ingaphakathi koLwandle waseNyakatho ngasempumalanga nasenyakatho, iLwandlekazi lase-Atlantiki ngasentshonalanga, ne-English Channel ngaseningizimu. Iseduzane nase[[IFulansi|Fulansi]] namaQhingi waseFaroe wombuso waseDanemaki. Ngenxa yokunqoba izizwe eziningi (ukwakha umbuso omkhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni omhlaba wonke), Umbuso Ohlangeneyo wawunethonya kwezombusazwe, kwezohwebo, zolimi, nobuchwepheshe. Abadlibezwe base-Ngilandi banqobe amomdabu base[[IMelika Enyakatho|Nyakatho Melika]] ukusungula isizwe esaziwa ngesimanje nge[[IMelika|Melika]] ngo-1783. Kusukela 1931, amakoloni lapho kwakuhlala abadlibezwe abaningi njengase-[[I-Ostreliya]] nase-[[IKhanada|Khanada]], wayenikezwe ubuzimela. Kusukela 1960, amakoloni ase-[[IAfrika|Afrika]] namanye amazekazi athole ukuzimela. Namuhla kusele amakoloni ambalwa ancane kodwa Umbuso Ohlangeneyo usaxhumene namakoloni wakudala ngenxa yobumbano we-Commonwealth of Nations. Kusukela ikhulu lweminyaka eleshumi nanye, [[iNgilandi]] yayihlasela [[i-Ayilendi]]. Ngokuhamba kwesikathi i-Ayilendi yawela ngaphansi kobukhosi base-Ngilandi olupheleliswe ngo-1541 ma u-Henry VIII azigcoba iNkosi yase-Ayalendi. Nakuba ama-Ayilendi evukele amaNgisi ngo-1594 ku-1603, konke ukuzimela kwacishwa ngenxa yokuphumelela kwamaNgisi ekunqobeni kwama-Ayilendi. iNdlovukazi yase-Ngilandi u-Elizabethi I wayeyitshitshi. Ngenxa yokuthi ubundlalifa baseNgilandi babundluliswa kwabesilisa phezu kwabesifazane (nakuba abesifazane bebakhono ukubayizindlalifa uma indodana ingekho), indodana kadadewabo uMariya, iNdlovukazi yama-Skoti, u-Jakobe VI (owayebalwa ngwesiqala e-Ngilandi) wabayinkosi yase-Ngilandi nase[[IsiKotilandi|siKotilandi]] ngo-1603. Ngokubuswa iNkosi eyodwa, amaPhalamende ase-Skotilandi nase-Ngilandi ashaye Imithetho oBumbano eholele ekuhlanganweni kwalezizizwe ngo-1707. Ngo-1861, iPhalamende yase-Ayalendi yalethwa ngaphansi kwePhalamende yoMbuso waseBhulithani Nkulu. Lokho kuholele ekusungulweni koMbuso Ohlangeneyo waseBhulithani Nkulu nase-Ayilendi. Ngenxa yempi yezakhamuzi yango-1919 ku-1921, i-Ayilendi yahletshulwa ngezinxenye ezimbili: yasenyakatho yegcinwa nguMbuso Ohlangeneyo kepha yaseningizimu yaphenduka isizwe esizimele, iRiphabhuliki yase-Ayilendi. Lokho kuholele ekuguqulweni kwegama kulelo esilaziyo namuhla. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo (isifinyezo: UK), sibuswe ngentandoyeningi ngenxa yokuthi iNkosi yayiphucwe amandla okubusa. i-UK isezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko okwomnotho nobuchwepheshe – idume ngokukhiqiza ucwaningo [[Inzululwazi|onzululwazi]]. Futhi, idolobha lase-[[ILondon|London]], isiqonga sombuso, siyihola ezemalini nasezobuciko nezekugqoka. <br /> == Umlando wegama == e1707 "Acts of Union" uhlanganisa amazwe iNgilandi nosiKotilandi.<ref>http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |date=2019-05-27 }} Treaty of Union, 1706 scotshistoryonline.co.uk 23 August 2011</ref><ref>http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LYc1tSYonrQC&pg=PA165#v=onepage&q&f=false Constitutional & Administrative Law p165 Barnett, Hilaire | Jago, Robert | 8th edition 2011 9780415563017 Routledge, Abingdon | 5 July 2011</ref><ref group="note">Compare to section 1 of both of the 1800 [[Acts of Union (1800)|Acts of Union]] which reads: the ''Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland shall...be united into one Kingdom, by the Name of "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab07 |title=History of Great Britain (from 1707) |author=[[Bamber Gascoigne]] |publisher=History World |accessdate=18 July 2011}}</ref> Igama "Umbuso Ohlangeneyo" ukusebenzisa ekhulunyaka yishumi nesishiyagalombili.<ref>http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/ | Acts of Union 1707 | parliament.uk | 21 July 2011</ref><ref>http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/visitingHolyrood/union_exhibition.pdf | Making the Act of Union 1707 | scottish.parliament.uk | 21 July 2011</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/7327029.stm England – Profile | BBC | 21 July 2011 | 10 February 2011</ref><ref>http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515023116/http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html|date=2011-05-15}} | The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 | [[Historical Association]] | 21 July 2011</ref> Igama "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" angeniswile e1927 nga-"Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act" ukunikela ukuzimela waFleyistata Ayilandi e1922.<ref>The Irish Civil War 1922–23 | Cottrell, P. | 2008 | 85 | 1846032709</ref> Ushiya i-Ayilandi Senyakatho izwe kuphela esiqhingi, ukuhlanganyela wUmbuso Ohlangeneyo. <br /><br /> == Umlando phambi kwa-1066 == [[File:Stonehenge2007 07 30.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Stonehenge]], e-[[Wiltshire]], akwakha e-2500BC.]] Abantu nguNeolithiki abazinza iminyaka yinkulungwane ngamashumi amathathu kade.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_west/7069001.stm "Ancient skeleton was 'even older']". ''BBC News''. 30 October 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2011.</ref> Ekupheleni [[Prehistoric Britain|ikhathi udaladala]], abantu bahlangene naqembu bambiza [[Insular Celts|Insular Celtic]], uqukatha [[Britons (historical)|Brythonic Britain]] no-[[i-Ayilendi Geyilikhi]].<ref>Celtic culture: A historical encyclopedia | p973 | Koch, John T. | 9781851094400 | 2006 | ABC-CLIO | Santa Barbara, CA</ref> Emva kwa[[iNhlaselo iRhomani|Nhlaselo iRhomani]], uqala 43 AD, nombuso iminyaka amakhulu okune ([[Roman Britain|rule of southern Britain]]), inhlaselo [[isiJalimani]] ([[Anglo-Saxon]]).<ref> [[Encyclopaedia of Wales|The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales]]<nowiki> | 2008 | University of Wales Press | Cardiff | 9780708319536 | p915}}</nowiki></ref> [[Anglo-Saxon England|Ingilandi wAnglo-Saxon]] uhlanganisa ung[[Umbuso iNgilandi]] ekhulunyaka yisishiyagalolunye.<ref name="Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/athelstan.shtml Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website]</ref> Okwamanje, [[abaDál Riata|abantu Geyilikhi esiKotilandi senyakatho]] (nokuhlangana e-Ayilendi impumalanga nenyakatho)<ref>Mackie, J.D. | A History of Scotland | London | Penguin | 1991 | 9780140136494 | p18–19</ref><ref>Campbell, Ewan | Saints and Sea-kings: The First Kingdom of the Scots | Canongate | Edinburgh | 1999 | 0-86241-874-7 | p8–15</ref> bahlanganisa n[[amaPikithi]] ukudala [[Umbuso isiKotilandi]].<ref>Christopher Haigh | The Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland | Cambridge University Press | 1990 | p30 | 9780521395526</ref> [[File:Bayeux Tapestry WillelmDux.jpg|thumb|200px|left| i[[Bayeux Tapestry]] ubonakalisa [[ukulwa waHastings]].]] e-1066, amasefulansi bangena iNgilandi.<ref>Feudalism | Ganshof, F.L. | p165 | 9780802071583 | University of Toronto | 1996</ref><ref>The debate on the Norman Conquest | p115–122 | Chibnall, Marjorie | 1999 | Manchester University Press | 9780719049132</ref> Amakhosi isiNgisi banqoba iWelisi, bafeyila ukubanqoba isiKotilandi. Amakhosi isiNgisi, bamukela amaiziqithi eFulansi, namalungelo lobukhosi, pho balwa eFulansi, empi ngu-[[Impi Iminyaka Kakhulu]].<ref>Keen, Maurice. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/hundred_years_war_01.shtml "The Hundred Years War"]. BBC History.</ref> Ukuqhatha wemkolo ngenxa ya-[[Reformation]] nokungenisa wenkolo i[[Protestantism in the United Kingdom|Protestant]].<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/479892/Protestantism/41558/The-Reformation-in-England-and-Scotland The Reformation in England and Scotland] and [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/293754/Ireland/22978/The-Reformation-period Ireland: The Reformation Period & Ireland under Elizabth I], Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</ref> IWelisi [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542|ukaka ngemibuso engilandi]].<ref name="BBC Tudors">{{cite web|title= British History in Depth&nbsp;– Wales under the Tudors |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/wales_tudors_01.shtml|accessdate=21 September 2010 |publisher=BBC History |date=5 November 2009}}</ref> I-Ayilandi [[Kingdom of Ireland|umbuso womshado yinskosana isiNgisi]].<ref>{{cite book |title= A history of the modern British Isles, 1529–1603: The two kingdoms |pages=171–172 |first=Mark |last=Nicholls |year=1999 |isbn= 9780631193340 |publisher=Blackwell |location =Oxford}}</ref> e-1603, imibuso wengilandi, wesiKotilandi no-Ayilandi bahlangana womshado ngenxa ya[[James I of England|James VI, King of Scots]]. [[File:Westminster Abbey by Canaletto, 1749.jpg|thumb|200px|left| [[ILondon]]]] == Ezombusazwe == {{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | align = right | caption_align = center | total_width = 320 | image1 = King Charles III (July 2023).jpg | image2 = Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Charles III, iNgonyama | caption2 = Keir Starmer, iNdunankulu | alt1 = | alt2 = }} Nakuba umthethosisekelo ungalotshwanga embhalweni omunye njengawaseNingizimu Afrika, imikhuba ejwayelekile, izinqumo zezinkantolo zobulungiswa kanye nemithetho eshayiwe iPhalamende, namuhla ezombusazwe Umbuso Ohlangeneyo zihamba ohlakweni wentandoyeningi yesishayamthetho ongaphansi kobunkosi bomthethosisekelo. Umqhele umele ubukhosi, kepha ngenxa yokuhamba kwesikhathi, iNgonyama (noma iNdlovukazi) ayinalo igunya lokufezekisa imiyalo yobukhosi kanye namandle ombuso ngaphandle kwemvumo nombono wabasombangazwe abakhethwe ngabantu. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi amagatsha wombuso akheke ngokulandelayo: * Isishayamthetho siqukatha Umqhele oPhalamendeni, iNdlu yeZakhamuzi, neNdlu yamaKhosi. * Isiphatha siqukatha Umqhele oMkhandlwini kanye noMkhandlu wangaSese (kakhulu ikomiti yayo yayokuphatha: iKhabhinethi) * Esobulungiswa siqukatha Umqhele oBhentshini nezinkantolo Nakuba Umqhele unamandla okuphawula umthethosivivinywa, iNgonyama ayikwazi ukuhoxa imvumo yomqhele ngaphandle kokuboniswa (mpeleni ukuyalelwa) yiNdunankuku. Nakuba Umqhele unamandla okukhetha nabani na ukuba yiNdunankulu, umthetho uphoqa iNkosi ukuthi ikhethe ilunga leNdlu yeZakhamuzi elinokhono lokugcina ukwethembeka kwePhalamende (mpeleni, umholi weqembu lezombangazwe elineningi eliNdlini yeZakhamuzi). iNgonyama iphoqeke ukuqoka abongqongqoshe, abehluleli bezinkantolo eziphezulu (ngenxa yesithakazelo seNgonyama sikaMthombo wobuLungiswa), abakhuzi bamabutho ahlomileyo, kanye namabhishobhu weSonto laseNgilandi (ngenxa yesithakazelo seNgonyama sikaMbusi oPhakemeyo weSonto laseNgilandi) ngombono yeNdunankulu. Nakuba ekuqaleni, iNdunakulu yayingusophambili ebalinganweni, ngenxa yokugcina izikhundla zikaNkosi yokuQala yesiSkhwama noNgqongqoshe wabaSebenzi boMbuso nokuphucwa kobuholi negunya lokuqoka abehluleli begatsha lobulungiswa kuNkosi Shansela, iNdunankulu iyihloko yehulumeni. Phezu kwalokho, njengomholi weqembu lezombangazwe elineningi eNdlini yeZakhamuzi, iNdunankulu inethonya emthethweni ovivinywayo futhi noshayiwayo. Uma iNdlu yeZakhamuzi ilahlekelwe ithemba kuNdunankulu, iNdunankulu (kanye namalunga eKhabhinethi) iphoqekile ukwehla esikhundleni noma ukucela iNkosi ukuthi icithe iNdlu yeZakhamuzi ibize ukhetho omusha. uKeir Starmer weqembu labasebenzi (Labour Party) uyindunankulu kusukela 2024. Umholi weqembu lokuphikisana elisemthethweni elithembekile loPhakemeyo ngu-Kemi Badenoch we-Conservative Party (elaziwa ngama-Tories). Izishayamthetho zasesiKotilandi kanye nase-Wales zinikezwe igunya lokushaya imithetho emkhakheni ethile kepha azilingani ekuzimeleni. iNyakatho Ayilendi ayisanoso isishayamthetho. iScottish National Party, ekhankasela ukuzimela kwesiKotilandi, iyiqembu lombangazwe elineningi esiKotilandi. Izinhlobo ze-Labour nama-Conservatives zaseWales kanye ne-Plaid Cymru ziqukatha i-Senedd, isishayamthetho saseWales. [[File:Houses of Parliament in 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Isigodlo saseWestminster, lapho kuhlangana iPhalamende]] iNgilandi neWales zinohlaka lunye lezinkantolo zobulungiswa. Inkantolo yokugcina lapho amacala ahlulelwe kulezo zinkantolo iyiNkantolo ePhakeme. Ezomthethosisekelo zingandluliswa kuyona uma ziqhamuka ezinkantolweni zasesiKotilandi kepha esisemthethweni jikelele ziphelela e-Court of Session uma zimayelana umthetho womphakathi kanye ne-High Court of Justiciary uma zimayelana umthetho wobugebengu. iKomiti Yobulungiswa yoMkhandlu wangaSese yayinamandla okuhlulela izindaba eNgilandi kepha izinkantolo ziwathathile lawomandla. Nakuba kunjalo kusakhona izizwe namakoloni asandlulisa amacala kuyo. Nakuba iNdlu yamaKhosi ibizwa indlu yangaphezulu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amandla okushaya umthetho nokulawula uhulumeni asezandleni ngci zendlu yangaphansi, iNdlu yeZakhamuzi. Amalunga weNdlu yamaKhosi angaba amakhosi akhethwa yiNkosi ngomboniso yeNdunakulu, noma amabhishobhu weSonto laseNgilandi kanye namakhosi angene ngobundlalifa. Lendlu ayinawo amandla okunqaba ukushayiwa komthetho kepha ingaletha umbono wayo mayelana umthethosivivinywa. iNkosi ivula ukuhlangana kwePhalamende okyenyaka ngesiMemezo esoHlalweni sobuKhosi futhi umcimbi wemiBuzo kwiNdunankulu iyindlela yoqinisekisa ukwephenduleka egatsheni lokuphatha. === Ezokuvikela === [[File:HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_in_Gibraltar_-_2018_(28386226189).jpg|alt=|thumb|Isithwalandiza, uMkhumbi koPhakemeyo (''HMS'') iNdlovukazi uElizabethi II]] Amabutho Ahlomileyo woPhakemeyo avikela Umbuso Ohlangeneyo namakoloni awo. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo uyilunga weHlangano Yomvumelwano waseNyakatho Atlantiki, umfelandawonye wezizwe zaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Amabutho Ahlomileyo anamajoni angama-127,000 (Ibutho laseBhulithani: 72,000, Ibutho laseLwandle leNkosi: 28,000, Ibutho laseMoyeni leNkosi: 28,000). iBhulithani inezikhali zenuzi. iBhulithani inezithwalandiza ezimbili kanye nemikhumbi yempi (ngaphezu- nangaphansi kwamanzi) ezingama-63. iBhulithani inezizinda zamabutho ezingama-145 ezizweni ezingama-42. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo unezizulane zibunjiwe zamabutho. Imboni yezihlomile ikhiqiza izikhali ezisetshenziswa namabutho aseBhulithani kanye nezinye izizwe futhi iBhulithani ithenga izikhali nezinye izinsiza zempi ezizweni zaseYurophu, iMelika nase-[[Isirayeli]]. === Ezobudlelwanenezizwe === [[File:Donald Trump & Charles III 2025-09-17 (crop).jpg|thumb|iNgonyama uCharles III noMengameli waseMelika uDonald Trump]] Amanxusa wezizwe ezinye amkelwa enkantolweni yesigodlo sikaNgcwele uJakobe. Amanxusa athunywa kwezinye izizwe ziqokwa egameli lomqhele kulesosigodlo sikaNgcwele uJakobe. Nakuba Umqhele unegunya lokushicilelela izakhamuzi nabanye abangaphansi kokuphephiswa kohulumeni koPhakemeyo amapasi, lenkambo iqhutshwa nguMnyango wazaseKhaya. iBhulithani iyilunga likanomphela loMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa senhlangana yeZizwe Ezihlangeneyo. Lokho kuyinikeza igunya lokuvimba izinqumo zalomkhandlu. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo unobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-160. Umnyango wezobuDlelwanenezizwe noMdlelandawonye weZizwe wenza umsebenze wazinsuku ngezinsuku omayelene ubudlelwane boMbuso Ohlangeneyo nezinye izizwe. uNobhala wezobuDlelwanenezizwe (isithakazo sengqongqoshe yalomnyango) usebenzisana neNdunankulu ukuqhuba iminqubomngomo yesizwe mayelana loludaba. Nakuba iNdunankulu inamandla okuvumelana nezinye ezizwe ngenxa yokuletha umbono eMqheleni, ukuze leyomvumelwano ibengumthetho waseBhulithani, kufanele ushayiwe njengamuphi namuphi umthetho wePhalemende. iBhulithani iyilunga lezihlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, isibonelo, iBhange Yomhlaba, isiKhwama soMhlabawonke weziMali, iQembu labesiKhombisa, Umdlelandawonye weZizwe, uMkhandlu waseYurophu neNkantolo Yomhlabawonke Wobugebengu. Ngenxa yokhetho waka-2016, ngo-2020 Umbuso Ohlangeneyo iphumile eBumbanweni yaseYurophu. iNobudlelwane obusondelene kakhulu [[IMelika|neMelika]], [[iKhanada]], [[i-Ostreliya]] ne-[[INyuzilandi]]. === Ezamafundazwe === [[File:British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.svg|thumb|Izindawo ezingaphansi koMbuso Ohlangeneyo (ehlaza otshani): iziNciko oMqhelweni (ezihlaza obhakabhaka) neziNdawo ezingaPhesheyakolwandle (ezibomvu)]] Umbuso Ohlangeneyo uqukathwa amazwenxenye amane: iNgilandi, iWales, isiKotilandi kanye neNyakatho Ayilendi. Nakuba zingabizwa izifundazwe ngokujwayelekile, mpeleni zisebenza njengezifundazwe emikhakheni eminingi njengezinye izizwe ngoba zinezikhungo zikahulumeni ezikhethwe izakhamuzi zazo ezingaphansi koHulumeni woMqhele futhi amandla okushaya umthetho nokuziphatha anikezwa iPhalamende yaseBhulithani. iNgilandi ihlukile kulamazwenxenye amanye ngoba ayinawo uhulumeni. iNgilandi inezifunda kepha zisetshenzelwa ezozibalalozabantu. Kukhona iziqhingi ezintathu ezibizwa Izinciko oMqhelweni (''Crown Dependencies''): i-Jersey, i-Guernsey, kanye nesiqhingi sikaMan. Leziziqhingi aziyinxenye yoMbuso Ohlangeneyo kepha ziyizindawo ezingazimelanga ezingaphansi koMqhele waseBhulithani. Lokho kusho ukuthi uMqhele oMkhandlwini (mpeleni igatsha lokuphatha lohulumeni waseBhulithani) unegunya lokuzishayela umthetho mayelana namuphi udaba kodwa mpeleni leziziqhingi zizishayela zona umthetho ngaphandle kwezokuvikela nobudlelwanenezizwe. Futhi kuneziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle zeBhulithani (''British Overseas Territories''). Lezizindawo zingamakoloni eBhulithani agcinwe ngasemuva kwomnyakazo wezombangazwe okususa ubukoloni wezi1940 kufikela izi-1960. Lezizindawo zinegunya lokuzishayela umthetho ngaphandle kwezokuvikela. Futhi iBhulithani igcine amandla okuzenzela kulezizindawo uma isimo sivuma kodwa ngeningi lesikhathi iBhulithani iziyekela ziziphathe. Awukho umehluko ngaphakathi kweziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle neziNciko oMqhelweni ngaphandle kokuthi iziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle azikho eziqhingini zaseBhulithani. Ezinye zalezizindawo azinabo abahlali ngaphandle kwamajoni nabosonzululwazi njenge-''British Antarctic Territory''. == Notes == <small>{{reflist|2|group=note}} <br /> == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} <br /> {{Amazwe eYurophu}} [[Category:Amazwe]] [[Category:Amazwe eYurophu]] [[Category:IYurophu Enyakatho]] [[Category:Umbuso Ohlanganeyo| ]] g8c8ewc3hhj4yny6y30fnv5lsj3wzk8 123108 123107 2026-05-06T17:40:04Z Edwin Ndaba 13909 123108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Umbuso Ohlangeneyo}} {{Infobox izwe|igama=Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|igama_ivamile=iBhulithani|igama_ikhulu=Umbuso Ohlangeneyo waseBhulithani Nkulu naseNyakatho Ayilendi|ifulegi=Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg|image_coat=Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_both_variants).svg|isaga_wesizwe=eNgilandi naseAyilendi: "''Dieu et mon droit''" ([[isiFulentshi]])<br>"Unkulunkulu nelungelo lami"<br> esiKotilandi: "''Nemo me impune lacessit''" ([[isiLatini]])<br>"Ongicasulayo uzophendula"|inkondlo_wesizwe=''God save the King'' ([[isiNgisi]])<br>Nkulunkulu hlenga iNgonyama|inhlokodolobha=[[iLondon]]|izilimi=ngokomthetho: [[isiNgisi]]<br>ngezifunda: isiKhonishi, isi-Ayilendi, isiSikoti-Gelishi, isiSikoti, isiWelishi, isiSikoti sase-Ulster|idolobha_elikhulu=[[iLondon]]|ibalazwe=United_Kingdom_on_the_globe_(Europe_centered).svg|ubukhulu_km2=243610|ixuku_labantu_km2=258|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Intandoyeningi okwephalamendi ngaphansi kobunkosi bomthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=iNgonyama|umongameli_igama1=Charles wesiThathu|umongameli_isithakazo2=iNdunankulu|umongameli_igama2=Keir Starmer|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Ukuhlanganiswa kwemiQhele yaseNgilandi nasesiKotilandi|usuku_isehlakalo1=24 kaNdasa 1603|ubedala_isehlakalo2=Imithetho yobumbano yeNgilandi nesiKotilandi|usuku_isehlakalo2=1 kaNhlaba 1707|ubedala_isehlakalo3=Imithetho yobumbano yeBhulithani Nkulu neAyilendi|usuku_isehlakalo3=1 kaMasingana 1801|ubedala_isehlakalo4=Umthetho oMthethosisekelo weZwe Khululekile lase-Ayilendi|usuku_isehlakalo4=6 kaZibandlela 1922|imali=iPondo sitelingi (GBP/£)|other1=iNkolo ngokomthetho|value1=iSonto laseNgilandi|other2=Umkhiqizophelele woMnotho (ngosobala)|value2=Izigidintathu eziyi-3.6 USD|other3=Umkhiqizophelele woMnotho hletshulwe ngamuntu (ngosobala)|value3=52,648 USD|other4=Umkhiqizophelele woMnotho (ngasilinganiso samandla emali)|value4=Izigidintathu eziyi-4.3 USD|other5=Umkhiqizophelele woMnotho hletshulwe ngamuntu (ngasilinganiso samandla emali)|value5=62,011 USD|other6=Inkomba Yentuthuko Yabantu|value6=0.946|other7=Indawo Yesikhathi|value7=+0 GMT (UTC) ngesihlobo<br> +1 GMT (UTC) ngobusika|other8=Ihlangothi lokushayela|value8=ngasenxele|other9=Isifinyezo|value9=UK|abantu=68,138,484|izinhlanga=83.1% Abamhlophe<br>8.6% Abase-Eshiya<br>3.7% Abansundu<br>2.7%<br>2.7%Abaxubekiwe<br>2.0% Abanye|inkolo=ngokomthetho: iSonto laseNgilandi|umkhiqizophelele_isiqhathaniso_samandla_emali_unyaka=Izigidintathu eziyi-4.3 USD|umkhiqizophelele_sobala=52,648 USD|umkhiqizophelele_ngamuntu_isiqhathaniso_samandla_emali=62,011 USD|umkhiqizophelele_ngamuntu_sobala=Izigidintathu eziyi-4.5 USD|ihlangothi_lokushayela=Ngasenxele|indawo_yesikhathi=+0 UTC (esihlobo)<br>+1 UTC (ebusika)|inkomba_yobungalingani_gini=35.4|inkomba_yentuthuko=0.946|umkhondo_ocingo=+44}} [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]] ([[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''United Kingdom''), ngokuphelele ngokomthetho: '''Umbuso Ohlangeneyo waseBhulithani Nkulu naseNyakatho Ayilendi''', uyisizwe onyakatho ntshonalanga [[IYurophu|eYurophu]] oqukatha iziqhingi zaseBhulithani. Ingaphakathi koLwandle waseNyakatho ngasempumalanga nasenyakatho, iLwandlekazi lase-Atlantiki ngasentshonalanga, ne-English Channel ngaseningizimu. Iseduzane nase[[IFulansi|Fulansi]] namaQhingi waseFaroe wombuso waseDanemaki. Ngenxa yokunqoba izizwe eziningi (ukwakha umbuso omkhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni omhlaba wonke), Umbuso Ohlangeneyo wawunethonya kwezombusazwe, kwezohwebo, zolimi, nobuchwepheshe. Abadlibezwe base-Ngilandi banqobe amomdabu base[[IMelika Enyakatho|Nyakatho Melika]] ukusungula isizwe esaziwa ngesimanje nge[[IMelika|Melika]] ngo-1783. Kusukela 1931, amakoloni lapho kwakuhlala abadlibezwe abaningi njengase-[[I-Ostreliya]] nase-[[IKhanada|Khanada]], wayenikezwe ubuzimela. Kusukela 1960, amakoloni ase-[[IAfrika|Afrika]] namanye amazekazi athole ukuzimela. Namuhla kusele amakoloni ambalwa ancane kodwa Umbuso Ohlangeneyo usaxhumene namakoloni wakudala ngenxa yobumbano we-Commonwealth of Nations. Kusukela ikhulu lweminyaka eleshumi nanye, [[iNgilandi]] yayihlasela [[i-Ayilendi]]. Ngokuhamba kwesikathi i-Ayilendi yawela ngaphansi kobukhosi base-Ngilandi olupheleliswe ngo-1541 ma u-Henry VIII azigcoba iNkosi yase-Ayalendi. Nakuba ama-Ayilendi evukele amaNgisi ngo-1594 ku-1603, konke ukuzimela kwacishwa ngenxa yokuphumelela kwamaNgisi ekunqobeni kwama-Ayilendi. iNdlovukazi yase-Ngilandi u-Elizabethi I wayeyitshitshi. Ngenxa yokuthi ubundlalifa baseNgilandi babundluliswa kwabesilisa phezu kwabesifazane (nakuba abesifazane bebakhono ukubayizindlalifa uma indodana ingekho), indodana kadadewabo uMariya, iNdlovukazi yama-Skoti, u-Jakobe VI (owayebalwa ngwesiqala e-Ngilandi) wabayinkosi yase-Ngilandi nase[[IsiKotilandi|siKotilandi]] ngo-1603. Ngokubuswa iNkosi eyodwa, amaPhalamende ase-Skotilandi nase-Ngilandi ashaye Imithetho oBumbano eholele ekuhlanganweni kwalezizizwe ngo-1707. Ngo-1861, iPhalamende yase-Ayalendi yalethwa ngaphansi kwePhalamende yoMbuso waseBhulithani Nkulu. Lokho kuholele ekusungulweni koMbuso Ohlangeneyo waseBhulithani Nkulu nase-Ayilendi. Ngenxa yempi yezakhamuzi yango-1919 ku-1921, i-Ayilendi yahletshulwa ngezinxenye ezimbili: yasenyakatho yegcinwa nguMbuso Ohlangeneyo kepha yaseningizimu yaphenduka isizwe esizimele, iRiphabhuliki yase-Ayilendi. Lokho kuholele ekuguqulweni kwegama kulelo esilaziyo namuhla. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo (isifinyezo: UK), sibuswe ngentandoyeningi ngenxa yokuthi iNkosi yayiphucwe amandla okubusa. i-UK isezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko okwomnotho nobuchwepheshe – idume ngokukhiqiza ucwaningo [[Inzululwazi|onzululwazi]]. Futhi, idolobha lase-[[ILondon|London]], isiqonga sombuso, siyihola ezemalini nasezobuciko nezekugqoka. <br /> == Umlando wegama == e1707 "Acts of Union" uhlanganisa amazwe iNgilandi nosiKotilandi.<ref>http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |date=2019-05-27 }} Treaty of Union, 1706 scotshistoryonline.co.uk 23 August 2011</ref><ref>http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LYc1tSYonrQC&pg=PA165#v=onepage&q&f=false Constitutional & Administrative Law p165 Barnett, Hilaire | Jago, Robert | 8th edition 2011 9780415563017 Routledge, Abingdon | 5 July 2011</ref><ref group="note">Compare to section 1 of both of the 1800 [[Acts of Union (1800)|Acts of Union]] which reads: the ''Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland shall...be united into one Kingdom, by the Name of "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab07 |title=History of Great Britain (from 1707) |author=[[Bamber Gascoigne]] |publisher=History World |accessdate=18 July 2011}}</ref> Igama "Umbuso Ohlangeneyo" ukusebenzisa ekhulunyaka yishumi nesishiyagalombili.<ref>http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/ | Acts of Union 1707 | parliament.uk | 21 July 2011</ref><ref>http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/visitingHolyrood/union_exhibition.pdf | Making the Act of Union 1707 | scottish.parliament.uk | 21 July 2011</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/7327029.stm England – Profile | BBC | 21 July 2011 | 10 February 2011</ref><ref>http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515023116/http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html|date=2011-05-15}} | The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 | [[Historical Association]] | 21 July 2011</ref> Igama "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" angeniswile e1927 nga-"Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act" ukunikela ukuzimela waFleyistata Ayilandi e1922.<ref>The Irish Civil War 1922–23 | Cottrell, P. | 2008 | 85 | 1846032709</ref> Ushiya i-Ayilandi Senyakatho izwe kuphela esiqhingi, ukuhlanganyela wUmbuso Ohlangeneyo. <br /><br /> == Umlando phambi kwa-1066 == [[File:Stonehenge2007 07 30.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Stonehenge]], e-[[Wiltshire]], akwakha e-2500BC.]] Abantu nguNeolithiki abazinza iminyaka yinkulungwane ngamashumi amathathu kade.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_west/7069001.stm "Ancient skeleton was 'even older']". ''BBC News''. 30 October 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2011.</ref> Ekupheleni [[Prehistoric Britain|ikhathi udaladala]], abantu bahlangene naqembu bambiza [[Insular Celts|Insular Celtic]], uqukatha [[Britons (historical)|Brythonic Britain]] no-[[i-Ayilendi Geyilikhi]].<ref>Celtic culture: A historical encyclopedia | p973 | Koch, John T. | 9781851094400 | 2006 | ABC-CLIO | Santa Barbara, CA</ref> Emva kwa[[iNhlaselo iRhomani|Nhlaselo iRhomani]], uqala 43 AD, nombuso iminyaka amakhulu okune ([[Roman Britain|rule of southern Britain]]), inhlaselo [[isiJalimani]] ([[Anglo-Saxon]]).<ref> [[Encyclopaedia of Wales|The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales]]<nowiki> | 2008 | University of Wales Press | Cardiff | 9780708319536 | p915}}</nowiki></ref> [[Anglo-Saxon England|Ingilandi wAnglo-Saxon]] uhlanganisa ung[[Umbuso iNgilandi]] ekhulunyaka yisishiyagalolunye.<ref name="Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/athelstan.shtml Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website]</ref> Okwamanje, [[abaDál Riata|abantu Geyilikhi esiKotilandi senyakatho]] (nokuhlangana e-Ayilendi impumalanga nenyakatho)<ref>Mackie, J.D. | A History of Scotland | London | Penguin | 1991 | 9780140136494 | p18–19</ref><ref>Campbell, Ewan | Saints and Sea-kings: The First Kingdom of the Scots | Canongate | Edinburgh | 1999 | 0-86241-874-7 | p8–15</ref> bahlanganisa n[[amaPikithi]] ukudala [[Umbuso isiKotilandi]].<ref>Christopher Haigh | The Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland | Cambridge University Press | 1990 | p30 | 9780521395526</ref> [[File:Bayeux Tapestry WillelmDux.jpg|thumb|200px|left| i[[Bayeux Tapestry]] ubonakalisa [[ukulwa waHastings]].]] e-1066, amasefulansi bangena iNgilandi.<ref>Feudalism | Ganshof, F.L. | p165 | 9780802071583 | University of Toronto | 1996</ref><ref>The debate on the Norman Conquest | p115–122 | Chibnall, Marjorie | 1999 | Manchester University Press | 9780719049132</ref> Amakhosi isiNgisi banqoba iWelisi, bafeyila ukubanqoba isiKotilandi. Amakhosi isiNgisi, bamukela amaiziqithi eFulansi, namalungelo lobukhosi, pho balwa eFulansi, empi ngu-[[Impi Iminyaka Kakhulu]].<ref>Keen, Maurice. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/hundred_years_war_01.shtml "The Hundred Years War"]. BBC History.</ref> Ukuqhatha wemkolo ngenxa ya-[[Reformation]] nokungenisa wenkolo i[[Protestantism in the United Kingdom|Protestant]].<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/479892/Protestantism/41558/The-Reformation-in-England-and-Scotland The Reformation in England and Scotland] and [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/293754/Ireland/22978/The-Reformation-period Ireland: The Reformation Period & Ireland under Elizabth I], Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</ref> IWelisi [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542|ukaka ngemibuso engilandi]].<ref name="BBC Tudors">{{cite web|title= British History in Depth&nbsp;– Wales under the Tudors |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/wales_tudors_01.shtml|accessdate=21 September 2010 |publisher=BBC History |date=5 November 2009}}</ref> I-Ayilandi [[Kingdom of Ireland|umbuso womshado yinskosana isiNgisi]].<ref>{{cite book |title= A history of the modern British Isles, 1529–1603: The two kingdoms |pages=171–172 |first=Mark |last=Nicholls |year=1999 |isbn= 9780631193340 |publisher=Blackwell |location =Oxford}}</ref> e-1603, imibuso wengilandi, wesiKotilandi no-Ayilandi bahlangana womshado ngenxa ya[[James I of England|James VI, King of Scots]]. [[File:Westminster Abbey by Canaletto, 1749.jpg|thumb|200px|left| [[ILondon]]]] == Ezombusazwe == {{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | align = right | caption_align = center | total_width = 320 | image1 = King Charles III (July 2023).jpg | image2 = Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Charles III, iNgonyama | caption2 = Keir Starmer, iNdunankulu | alt1 = | alt2 = }} Nakuba umthethosisekelo ungalotshwanga embhalweni omunye njengawaseNingizimu Afrika, imikhuba ejwayelekile, izinqumo zezinkantolo zobulungiswa kanye nemithetho eshayiwe iPhalamende, namuhla ezombusazwe Umbuso Ohlangeneyo zihamba ohlakweni wentandoyeningi yesishayamthetho ongaphansi kobunkosi bomthethosisekelo. Umqhele umele ubukhosi, kepha ngenxa yokuhamba kwesikhathi, iNgonyama (noma iNdlovukazi) ayinalo igunya lokufezekisa imiyalo yobukhosi kanye namandle ombuso ngaphandle kwemvumo nombono wabasombangazwe abakhethwe ngabantu. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi amagatsha wombuso akheke ngokulandelayo: * Isishayamthetho siqukatha Umqhele oPhalamendeni, iNdlu yeZakhamuzi, neNdlu yamaKhosi. * Isiphatha siqukatha Umqhele oMkhandlwini kanye noMkhandlu wangaSese (kakhulu ikomiti yayo yayokuphatha: iKhabhinethi) * Esobulungiswa siqukatha Umqhele oBhentshini nezinkantolo Nakuba Umqhele unamandla okuphawula umthethosivivinywa, iNgonyama ayikwazi ukuhoxa imvumo yomqhele ngaphandle kokuboniswa (mpeleni ukuyalelwa) yiNdunankuku. Nakuba Umqhele unamandla okukhetha nabani na ukuba yiNdunankulu, umthetho uphoqa iNkosi ukuthi ikhethe ilunga leNdlu yeZakhamuzi elinokhono lokugcina ukwethembeka kwePhalamende (mpeleni, umholi weqembu lezombangazwe elineningi eliNdlini yeZakhamuzi). iNgonyama iphoqeke ukuqoka abongqongqoshe, abehluleli bezinkantolo eziphezulu (ngenxa yesithakazelo seNgonyama sikaMthombo wobuLungiswa), abakhuzi bamabutho ahlomileyo, kanye namabhishobhu weSonto laseNgilandi (ngenxa yesithakazelo seNgonyama sikaMbusi oPhakemeyo weSonto laseNgilandi) ngombono yeNdunankulu. Nakuba ekuqaleni, iNdunakulu yayingusophambili ebalinganweni, ngenxa yokugcina izikhundla zikaNkosi yokuQala yesiSkhwama noNgqongqoshe wabaSebenzi boMbuso nokuphucwa kobuholi negunya lokuqoka abehluleli begatsha lobulungiswa kuNkosi Shansela, iNdunankulu iyihloko yehulumeni. Phezu kwalokho, njengomholi weqembu lezombangazwe elineningi eNdlini yeZakhamuzi, iNdunankulu inethonya emthethweni ovivinywayo futhi noshayiwayo. Uma iNdlu yeZakhamuzi ilahlekelwe ithemba kuNdunankulu, iNdunankulu (kanye namalunga eKhabhinethi) iphoqekile ukwehla esikhundleni noma ukucela iNkosi ukuthi icithe iNdlu yeZakhamuzi ibize ukhetho omusha. uKeir Starmer weqembu labasebenzi (Labour Party) uyindunankulu kusukela 2024. Umholi weqembu lokuphikisana elisemthethweni elithembekile loPhakemeyo ngu-Kemi Badenoch we-Conservative Party (elaziwa ngama-Tories). Izishayamthetho zasesiKotilandi kanye nase-Wales zinikezwe igunya lokushaya imithetho emkhakheni ethile kepha azilingani ekuzimeleni. iNyakatho Ayilendi ayisanoso isishayamthetho. iScottish National Party, ekhankasela ukuzimela kwesiKotilandi, iyiqembu lombangazwe elineningi esiKotilandi. Izinhlobo ze-Labour nama-Conservatives zaseWales kanye ne-Plaid Cymru ziqukatha i-Senedd, isishayamthetho saseWales. [[File:Houses of Parliament in 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Isigodlo saseWestminster, lapho kuhlangana iPhalamende]] iNgilandi neWales zinohlaka lunye lezinkantolo zobulungiswa. Inkantolo yokugcina lapho amacala ahlulelwe kulezo zinkantolo iyiNkantolo ePhakeme. Ezomthethosisekelo zingandluliswa kuyona uma ziqhamuka ezinkantolweni zasesiKotilandi kepha esisemthethweni jikelele ziphelela e-Court of Session uma zimayelana umthetho womphakathi kanye ne-High Court of Justiciary uma zimayelana umthetho wobugebengu. iKomiti Yobulungiswa yoMkhandlu wangaSese yayinamandla okuhlulela izindaba eNgilandi kepha izinkantolo ziwathathile lawomandla. Nakuba kunjalo kusakhona izizwe namakoloni asandlulisa amacala kuyo. Nakuba iNdlu yamaKhosi ibizwa indlu yangaphezulu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amandla okushaya umthetho nokulawula uhulumeni asezandleni ngci zendlu yangaphansi, iNdlu yeZakhamuzi. Amalunga weNdlu yamaKhosi angaba amakhosi akhethwa yiNkosi ngomboniso yeNdunakulu, noma amabhishobhu weSonto laseNgilandi kanye namakhosi angene ngobundlalifa. Lendlu ayinawo amandla okunqaba ukushayiwa komthetho kepha ingaletha umbono wayo mayelana umthethosivivinywa. iNkosi ivula ukuhlangana kwePhalamende okyenyaka ngesiMemezo esoHlalweni sobuKhosi futhi umcimbi wemiBuzo kwiNdunankulu iyindlela yoqinisekisa ukwephenduleka egatsheni lokuphatha. === Ezokuvikela === [[File:HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_in_Gibraltar_-_2018_(28386226189).jpg|alt=|thumb|Isithwalandiza, uMkhumbi koPhakemeyo (''HMS'') iNdlovukazi uElizabethi II]] Amabutho Ahlomileyo woPhakemeyo avikela Umbuso Ohlangeneyo namakoloni awo. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo uyilunga weHlangano Yomvumelwano waseNyakatho Atlantiki, umfelandawonye wezizwe zaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Amabutho Ahlomileyo anamajoni angama-127,000 (Ibutho laseBhulithani: 72,000, Ibutho laseLwandle leNkosi: 28,000, Ibutho laseMoyeni leNkosi: 28,000). iBhulithani inezikhali zenuzi. iBhulithani inezithwalandiza ezimbili kanye nemikhumbi yempi (ngaphezu- nangaphansi kwamanzi) ezingama-63. iBhulithani inezizinda zamabutho ezingama-145 ezizweni ezingama-42. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo unezizulane zibunjiwe zamabutho. Imboni yezihlomile ikhiqiza izikhali ezisetshenziswa namabutho aseBhulithani kanye nezinye izizwe futhi iBhulithani ithenga izikhali nezinye izinsiza zempi ezizweni zaseYurophu, iMelika nase-[[Isirayeli]]. === Ezobudlelwanenezizwe === [[File:Donald Trump & Charles III 2025-09-17 (crop).jpg|thumb|iNgonyama uCharles III noMengameli waseMelika uDonald Trump]] Amanxusa wezizwe ezinye amkelwa enkantolweni yesigodlo sikaNgcwele uJakobe. Amanxusa athunywa kwezinye izizwe ziqokwa egameli lomqhele kulesosigodlo sikaNgcwele uJakobe. Nakuba Umqhele unegunya lokushicilelela izakhamuzi nabanye abangaphansi kokuphephiswa kohulumeni koPhakemeyo amapasi, lenkambo iqhutshwa nguMnyango wazaseKhaya. iBhulithani iyilunga likanomphela loMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa senhlangana yeZizwe Ezihlangeneyo. Lokho kuyinikeza igunya lokuvimba izinqumo zalomkhandlu. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo unobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-160. Umnyango wezobuDlelwanenezizwe noMdlelandawonye weZizwe wenza umsebenze wazinsuku ngezinsuku omayelene ubudlelwane boMbuso Ohlangeneyo nezinye izizwe. uNobhala wezobuDlelwanenezizwe (isithakazo sengqongqoshe yalomnyango) usebenzisana neNdunankulu ukuqhuba iminqubomngomo yesizwe mayelana loludaba. Nakuba iNdunankulu inamandla okuvumelana nezinye ezizwe ngenxa yokuletha umbono eMqheleni, ukuze leyomvumelwano ibengumthetho waseBhulithani, kufanele ushayiwe njengamuphi namuphi umthetho wePhalemende. iBhulithani iyilunga lezihlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, isibonelo, iBhange Yomhlaba, isiKhwama soMhlabawonke weziMali, iQembu labesiKhombisa, Umdlelandawonye weZizwe, uMkhandlu waseYurophu neNkantolo Yomhlabawonke Wobugebengu. Ngenxa yokhetho waka-2016, ngo-2020 Umbuso Ohlangeneyo iphumile eBumbanweni yaseYurophu. iNobudlelwane obusondelene kakhulu [[IMelika|neMelika]], [[iKhanada]], [[i-Ostreliya]] ne-[[INyuzilandi]]. === Ezamafundazwe === [[File:British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.svg|thumb|Izindawo ezingaphansi koMbuso Ohlangeneyo (ehlaza otshani): iziNciko oMqhelweni (ezihlaza obhakabhaka) neziNdawo ezingaPhesheyakolwandle (ezibomvu)]] Umbuso Ohlangeneyo uqukathwa amazwenxenye amane: iNgilandi, iWales, isiKotilandi kanye neNyakatho Ayilendi. Nakuba zingabizwa izifundazwe ngokujwayelekile, mpeleni zisebenza njengezifundazwe emikhakheni eminingi njengezinye izizwe ngoba zinezikhungo zikahulumeni ezikhethwe izakhamuzi zazo ezingaphansi koHulumeni woMqhele futhi amandla okushaya umthetho nokuziphatha anikezwa iPhalamende yaseBhulithani. iNgilandi ihlukile kulamazwenxenye amanye ngoba ayinawo uhulumeni. iNgilandi inezifunda kepha zisetshenzelwa ezozibalalozabantu. Kukhona iziqhingi ezintathu ezibizwa Izinciko oMqhelweni (''Crown Dependencies''): i-Jersey, i-Guernsey, kanye nesiqhingi sikaMan. Leziziqhingi aziyinxenye yoMbuso Ohlangeneyo kepha ziyizindawo ezingazimelanga ezingaphansi koMqhele waseBhulithani. Lokho kusho ukuthi uMqhele oMkhandlwini (mpeleni igatsha lokuphatha lohulumeni waseBhulithani) unegunya lokuzishayela umthetho mayelana namuphi udaba kodwa mpeleni leziziqhingi zizishayela zona umthetho ngaphandle kwezokuvikela nobudlelwanenezizwe. Futhi kuneziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle zeBhulithani (''British Overseas Territories''). Lezizindawo zingamakoloni eBhulithani agcinwe ngasemuva kwomnyakazo wezombangazwe okususa ubukoloni wezi1940 kufikela izi-1960. Lezizindawo zinegunya lokuzishayela umthetho ngaphandle kwezokuvikela. Futhi iBhulithani igcine amandla okuzenzela kulezizindawo uma isimo sivuma kodwa ngeningi lesikhathi iBhulithani iziyekela ziziphathe. Awukho umehluko ngaphakathi kweziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle neziNciko oMqhelweni ngaphandle kokuthi iziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle azikho eziqhingini zaseBhulithani. Ezinye zalezizindawo azinabo abahlali ngaphandle kwamajoni nabosonzululwazi njenge-''British Antarctic Territory''. == Notes == <small>{{reflist|2|group=note}} <br /> == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} <br /> {{Amazwe eYurophu}} [[Category:Amazwe]] [[Category:Amazwe eYurophu]] [[Category:IYurophu Enyakatho]] [[Category:Umbuso Ohlanganeyo| ]] 6yz2cblm86p3m5u8ulsxyl23ivdi5h9 123109 123108 2026-05-06T17:57:20Z Edwin Ndaba 13909 /* Ezombusazwe */ ngifake okuncane mayelana ubundlalifa 123109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DISPLAYTITLE:Umbuso Ohlangeneyo}} {{Infobox izwe|igama=Umbuso Ohlangeneyo|igama_ivamile=iBhulithani|igama_ikhulu=Umbuso Ohlangeneyo waseBhulithani Nkulu naseNyakatho Ayilendi|ifulegi=Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1-2).svg|image_coat=Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(2022,_both_variants).svg|isaga_wesizwe=eNgilandi naseAyilendi: "''Dieu et mon droit''" ([[isiFulentshi]])<br>"Unkulunkulu nelungelo lami"<br> esiKotilandi: "''Nemo me impune lacessit''" ([[isiLatini]])<br>"Ongicasulayo uzophendula"|inkondlo_wesizwe=''God save the King'' ([[isiNgisi]])<br>Nkulunkulu hlenga iNgonyama|inhlokodolobha=[[iLondon]]|izilimi=ngokomthetho: [[isiNgisi]]<br>ngezifunda: isiKhonishi, isi-Ayilendi, isiSikoti-Gelishi, isiSikoti, isiWelishi, isiSikoti sase-Ulster|idolobha_elikhulu=[[iLondon]]|ibalazwe=United_Kingdom_on_the_globe_(Europe_centered).svg|ubukhulu_km2=243610|ixuku_labantu_km2=258|uhlobo_kohulumeni=Intandoyeningi okwephalamendi ngaphansi kobunkosi bomthethosisekelo|umongameli_isithakazo1=iNgonyama|umongameli_igama1=Charles wesiThathu|umongameli_isithakazo2=iNdunankulu|umongameli_igama2=Keir Starmer|ubedala_isehlakalo1=Ukuhlanganiswa kwemiQhele yaseNgilandi nasesiKotilandi|usuku_isehlakalo1=24 kaNdasa 1603|ubedala_isehlakalo2=Imithetho yobumbano yeNgilandi nesiKotilandi|usuku_isehlakalo2=1 kaNhlaba 1707|ubedala_isehlakalo3=Imithetho yobumbano yeBhulithani Nkulu neAyilendi|usuku_isehlakalo3=1 kaMasingana 1801|ubedala_isehlakalo4=Umthetho oMthethosisekelo weZwe Khululekile lase-Ayilendi|usuku_isehlakalo4=6 kaZibandlela 1922|imali=iPondo sitelingi (GBP/£)|other1=iNkolo ngokomthetho|value1=iSonto laseNgilandi|other2=Umkhiqizophelele woMnotho (ngosobala)|value2=Izigidintathu eziyi-3.6 USD|other3=Umkhiqizophelele woMnotho hletshulwe ngamuntu (ngosobala)|value3=52,648 USD|other4=Umkhiqizophelele woMnotho (ngasilinganiso samandla emali)|value4=Izigidintathu eziyi-4.3 USD|other5=Umkhiqizophelele woMnotho hletshulwe ngamuntu (ngasilinganiso samandla emali)|value5=62,011 USD|other6=Inkomba Yentuthuko Yabantu|value6=0.946|other7=Indawo Yesikhathi|value7=+0 GMT (UTC) ngesihlobo<br> +1 GMT (UTC) ngobusika|other8=Ihlangothi lokushayela|value8=ngasenxele|other9=Isifinyezo|value9=UK|abantu=68,138,484|izinhlanga=83.1% Abamhlophe<br>8.6% Abase-Eshiya<br>3.7% Abansundu<br>2.7%<br>2.7%Abaxubekiwe<br>2.0% Abanye|inkolo=ngokomthetho: iSonto laseNgilandi|umkhiqizophelele_isiqhathaniso_samandla_emali_unyaka=Izigidintathu eziyi-4.3 USD|umkhiqizophelele_sobala=52,648 USD|umkhiqizophelele_ngamuntu_isiqhathaniso_samandla_emali=62,011 USD|umkhiqizophelele_ngamuntu_sobala=Izigidintathu eziyi-4.5 USD|ihlangothi_lokushayela=Ngasenxele|indawo_yesikhathi=+0 UTC (esihlobo)<br>+1 UTC (ebusika)|inkomba_yobungalingani_gini=35.4|inkomba_yentuthuko=0.946|umkhondo_ocingo=+44}} [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]] ([[IsiNgisi|ngesiNgisi]]: ''United Kingdom''), ngokuphelele ngokomthetho: '''Umbuso Ohlangeneyo waseBhulithani Nkulu naseNyakatho Ayilendi''', uyisizwe onyakatho ntshonalanga [[IYurophu|eYurophu]] oqukatha iziqhingi zaseBhulithani. Ingaphakathi koLwandle waseNyakatho ngasempumalanga nasenyakatho, iLwandlekazi lase-Atlantiki ngasentshonalanga, ne-English Channel ngaseningizimu. Iseduzane nase[[IFulansi|Fulansi]] namaQhingi waseFaroe wombuso waseDanemaki. Ngenxa yokunqoba izizwe eziningi (ukwakha umbuso omkhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni omhlaba wonke), Umbuso Ohlangeneyo wawunethonya kwezombusazwe, kwezohwebo, zolimi, nobuchwepheshe. Abadlibezwe base-Ngilandi banqobe amomdabu base[[IMelika Enyakatho|Nyakatho Melika]] ukusungula isizwe esaziwa ngesimanje nge[[IMelika|Melika]] ngo-1783. Kusukela 1931, amakoloni lapho kwakuhlala abadlibezwe abaningi njengase-[[I-Ostreliya]] nase-[[IKhanada|Khanada]], wayenikezwe ubuzimela. Kusukela 1960, amakoloni ase-[[IAfrika|Afrika]] namanye amazekazi athole ukuzimela. Namuhla kusele amakoloni ambalwa ancane kodwa Umbuso Ohlangeneyo usaxhumene namakoloni wakudala ngenxa yobumbano we-Commonwealth of Nations. Kusukela ikhulu lweminyaka eleshumi nanye, [[iNgilandi]] yayihlasela [[i-Ayilendi]]. Ngokuhamba kwesikathi i-Ayilendi yawela ngaphansi kobukhosi base-Ngilandi olupheleliswe ngo-1541 ma u-Henry VIII azigcoba iNkosi yase-Ayalendi. Nakuba ama-Ayilendi evukele amaNgisi ngo-1594 ku-1603, konke ukuzimela kwacishwa ngenxa yokuphumelela kwamaNgisi ekunqobeni kwama-Ayilendi. iNdlovukazi yase-Ngilandi u-Elizabethi I wayeyitshitshi. Ngenxa yokuthi ubundlalifa baseNgilandi babundluliswa kwabesilisa phezu kwabesifazane (nakuba abesifazane bebakhono ukubayizindlalifa uma indodana ingekho), indodana kadadewabo uMariya, iNdlovukazi yama-Skoti, u-Jakobe VI (owayebalwa ngwesiqala e-Ngilandi) wabayinkosi yase-Ngilandi nase[[IsiKotilandi|siKotilandi]] ngo-1603. Ngokubuswa iNkosi eyodwa, amaPhalamende ase-Skotilandi nase-Ngilandi ashaye Imithetho oBumbano eholele ekuhlanganweni kwalezizizwe ngo-1707. Ngo-1861, iPhalamende yase-Ayalendi yalethwa ngaphansi kwePhalamende yoMbuso waseBhulithani Nkulu. Lokho kuholele ekusungulweni koMbuso Ohlangeneyo waseBhulithani Nkulu nase-Ayilendi. Ngenxa yempi yezakhamuzi yango-1919 ku-1921, i-Ayilendi yahletshulwa ngezinxenye ezimbili: yasenyakatho yegcinwa nguMbuso Ohlangeneyo kepha yaseningizimu yaphenduka isizwe esizimele, iRiphabhuliki yase-Ayilendi. Lokho kuholele ekuguqulweni kwegama kulelo esilaziyo namuhla. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo (isifinyezo: UK), sibuswe ngentandoyeningi ngenxa yokuthi iNkosi yayiphucwe amandla okubusa. i-UK isezingeni eliphezulu lentuthuko okwomnotho nobuchwepheshe – idume ngokukhiqiza ucwaningo [[Inzululwazi|onzululwazi]]. Futhi, idolobha lase-[[ILondon|London]], isiqonga sombuso, siyihola ezemalini nasezobuciko nezekugqoka. <br /> == Umlando wegama == e1707 "Acts of Union" uhlanganisa amazwe iNgilandi nosiKotilandi.<ref>http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527074630/http://www.scotshistoryonline.co.uk/union.html |date=2019-05-27 }} Treaty of Union, 1706 scotshistoryonline.co.uk 23 August 2011</ref><ref>http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LYc1tSYonrQC&pg=PA165#v=onepage&q&f=false Constitutional & Administrative Law p165 Barnett, Hilaire | Jago, Robert | 8th edition 2011 9780415563017 Routledge, Abingdon | 5 July 2011</ref><ref group="note">Compare to section 1 of both of the 1800 [[Acts of Union (1800)|Acts of Union]] which reads: the ''Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland shall...be united into one Kingdom, by the Name of "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"''</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab07 |title=History of Great Britain (from 1707) |author=[[Bamber Gascoigne]] |publisher=History World |accessdate=18 July 2011}}</ref> Igama "Umbuso Ohlangeneyo" ukusebenzisa ekhulunyaka yishumi nesishiyagalombili.<ref>http://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/evolutionofparliament/legislativescrutiny/ | Acts of Union 1707 | parliament.uk | 21 July 2011</ref><ref>http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/vli/visitingHolyrood/union_exhibition.pdf | Making the Act of Union 1707 | scottish.parliament.uk | 21 July 2011</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/7327029.stm England – Profile | BBC | 21 July 2011 | 10 February 2011</ref><ref>http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515023116/http://www.history.org.uk/resources/he_resource_730_9.html|date=2011-05-15}} | The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 | [[Historical Association]] | 21 July 2011</ref> Igama "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" angeniswile e1927 nga-"Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act" ukunikela ukuzimela waFleyistata Ayilandi e1922.<ref>The Irish Civil War 1922–23 | Cottrell, P. | 2008 | 85 | 1846032709</ref> Ushiya i-Ayilandi Senyakatho izwe kuphela esiqhingi, ukuhlanganyela wUmbuso Ohlangeneyo. <br /><br /> == Umlando phambi kwa-1066 == [[File:Stonehenge2007 07 30.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Stonehenge]], e-[[Wiltshire]], akwakha e-2500BC.]] Abantu nguNeolithiki abazinza iminyaka yinkulungwane ngamashumi amathathu kade.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_west/7069001.stm "Ancient skeleton was 'even older']". ''BBC News''. 30 October 2007. Retrieved 27 April 2011.</ref> Ekupheleni [[Prehistoric Britain|ikhathi udaladala]], abantu bahlangene naqembu bambiza [[Insular Celts|Insular Celtic]], uqukatha [[Britons (historical)|Brythonic Britain]] no-[[i-Ayilendi Geyilikhi]].<ref>Celtic culture: A historical encyclopedia | p973 | Koch, John T. | 9781851094400 | 2006 | ABC-CLIO | Santa Barbara, CA</ref> Emva kwa[[iNhlaselo iRhomani|Nhlaselo iRhomani]], uqala 43 AD, nombuso iminyaka amakhulu okune ([[Roman Britain|rule of southern Britain]]), inhlaselo [[isiJalimani]] ([[Anglo-Saxon]]).<ref> [[Encyclopaedia of Wales|The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales]]<nowiki> | 2008 | University of Wales Press | Cardiff | 9780708319536 | p915}}</nowiki></ref> [[Anglo-Saxon England|Ingilandi wAnglo-Saxon]] uhlanganisa ung[[Umbuso iNgilandi]] ekhulunyaka yisishiyagalolunye.<ref name="Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website">[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/athelstan.shtml Short Athelstan biography on the BBC History website]</ref> Okwamanje, [[abaDál Riata|abantu Geyilikhi esiKotilandi senyakatho]] (nokuhlangana e-Ayilendi impumalanga nenyakatho)<ref>Mackie, J.D. | A History of Scotland | London | Penguin | 1991 | 9780140136494 | p18–19</ref><ref>Campbell, Ewan | Saints and Sea-kings: The First Kingdom of the Scots | Canongate | Edinburgh | 1999 | 0-86241-874-7 | p8–15</ref> bahlanganisa n[[amaPikithi]] ukudala [[Umbuso isiKotilandi]].<ref>Christopher Haigh | The Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland | Cambridge University Press | 1990 | p30 | 9780521395526</ref> [[File:Bayeux Tapestry WillelmDux.jpg|thumb|200px|left| i[[Bayeux Tapestry]] ubonakalisa [[ukulwa waHastings]].]] e-1066, amasefulansi bangena iNgilandi.<ref>Feudalism | Ganshof, F.L. | p165 | 9780802071583 | University of Toronto | 1996</ref><ref>The debate on the Norman Conquest | p115–122 | Chibnall, Marjorie | 1999 | Manchester University Press | 9780719049132</ref> Amakhosi isiNgisi banqoba iWelisi, bafeyila ukubanqoba isiKotilandi. Amakhosi isiNgisi, bamukela amaiziqithi eFulansi, namalungelo lobukhosi, pho balwa eFulansi, empi ngu-[[Impi Iminyaka Kakhulu]].<ref>Keen, Maurice. [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/hundred_years_war_01.shtml "The Hundred Years War"]. BBC History.</ref> Ukuqhatha wemkolo ngenxa ya-[[Reformation]] nokungenisa wenkolo i[[Protestantism in the United Kingdom|Protestant]].<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/479892/Protestantism/41558/The-Reformation-in-England-and-Scotland The Reformation in England and Scotland] and [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/293754/Ireland/22978/The-Reformation-period Ireland: The Reformation Period & Ireland under Elizabth I], Encyclopædia Britannica Online.</ref> IWelisi [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542|ukaka ngemibuso engilandi]].<ref name="BBC Tudors">{{cite web|title= British History in Depth&nbsp;– Wales under the Tudors |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/tudors/wales_tudors_01.shtml|accessdate=21 September 2010 |publisher=BBC History |date=5 November 2009}}</ref> I-Ayilandi [[Kingdom of Ireland|umbuso womshado yinskosana isiNgisi]].<ref>{{cite book |title= A history of the modern British Isles, 1529–1603: The two kingdoms |pages=171–172 |first=Mark |last=Nicholls |year=1999 |isbn= 9780631193340 |publisher=Blackwell |location =Oxford}}</ref> e-1603, imibuso wengilandi, wesiKotilandi no-Ayilandi bahlangana womshado ngenxa ya[[James I of England|James VI, King of Scots]]. [[File:Westminster Abbey by Canaletto, 1749.jpg|thumb|200px|left| [[ILondon]]]] == Ezombusazwe == {{Multiple image | direction = horizontal | align = right | caption_align = center | total_width = 320 | image1 = King Charles III (July 2023).jpg | image2 = Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer Official Portrait (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Charles III, iNgonyama | caption2 = Keir Starmer, iNdunankulu | alt1 = | alt2 = }} Nakuba umthethosisekelo ungalotshwanga embhalweni omunye njengawaseNingizimu Afrika, imikhuba ejwayelekile, izinqumo zezinkantolo zobulungiswa kanye nemithetho eshayiwe iPhalamende, namuhla ezombusazwe Umbuso Ohlangeneyo zihamba ohlakweni wentandoyeningi yesishayamthetho ongaphansi kobunkosi bomthethosisekelo. Umqhele umele ubukhosi, kepha ngenxa yokuhamba kwesikhathi, iNgonyama (noma iNdlovukazi) ayinalo igunya lokufezekisa imiyalo yobukhosi kanye namandle ombuso ngaphandle kwemvumo nombono wabasombangazwe abakhethwe ngabantu. Ubundalifa basebukhosini budlula ngaphandle kokubuka ubulili lokho kuchaza ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane abayizingane zeNgonyama noma abazalwane bakhe uma enganayo inzalo banefa ngobulingana. Lokho kuchaza ukuthi amagatsha wombuso akheke ngokulandelayo: * Isishayamthetho siqukatha Umqhele oPhalamendeni, iNdlu yeZakhamuzi, neNdlu yamaKhosi. * Isiphatha siqukatha Umqhele oMkhandlwini kanye noMkhandlu wangaSese (kakhulu ikomiti yayo yayokuphatha: iKhabhinethi) * Esobulungiswa siqukatha Umqhele oBhentshini nezinkantolo Nakuba Umqhele unamandla okuphawula umthethosivivinywa, iNgonyama ayikwazi ukuhoxa imvumo yomqhele ngaphandle kokuboniswa (mpeleni ukuyalelwa) yiNdunankuku. Nakuba Umqhele unamandla okukhetha nabani na ukuba yiNdunankulu, umthetho uphoqa iNkosi ukuthi ikhethe ilunga leNdlu yeZakhamuzi elinokhono lokugcina ukwethembeka kwePhalamende (mpeleni, umholi weqembu lezombangazwe elineningi eliNdlini yeZakhamuzi). iNgonyama iphoqeke ukuqoka abongqongqoshe, abehluleli bezinkantolo eziphezulu (ngenxa yesithakazelo seNgonyama sikaMthombo wobuLungiswa), abakhuzi bamabutho ahlomileyo, kanye namabhishobhu weSonto laseNgilandi (ngenxa yesithakazelo seNgonyama sikaMbusi oPhakemeyo weSonto laseNgilandi) ngombono yeNdunankulu. Nakuba ekuqaleni, iNdunakulu yayingusophambili ebalinganweni, ngenxa yokugcina izikhundla zikaNkosi yokuQala yesiSkhwama noNgqongqoshe wabaSebenzi boMbuso nokuphucwa kobuholi negunya lokuqoka abehluleli begatsha lobulungiswa kuNkosi Shansela, iNdunankulu iyihloko yehulumeni. Phezu kwalokho, njengomholi weqembu lezombangazwe elineningi eNdlini yeZakhamuzi, iNdunankulu inethonya emthethweni ovivinywayo futhi noshayiwayo. Uma iNdlu yeZakhamuzi ilahlekelwe ithemba kuNdunankulu, iNdunankulu (kanye namalunga eKhabhinethi) iphoqekile ukwehla esikhundleni noma ukucela iNkosi ukuthi icithe iNdlu yeZakhamuzi ibize ukhetho omusha. uKeir Starmer weqembu labasebenzi (Labour Party) uyindunankulu kusukela 2024. Umholi weqembu lokuphikisana elisemthethweni elithembekile loPhakemeyo ngu-Kemi Badenoch we-Conservative Party (elaziwa ngama-Tories). Izishayamthetho zasesiKotilandi kanye nase-Wales zinikezwe igunya lokushaya imithetho emkhakheni ethile kepha azilingani ekuzimeleni. iNyakatho Ayilendi ayisanoso isishayamthetho. iScottish National Party, ekhankasela ukuzimela kwesiKotilandi, iyiqembu lombangazwe elineningi esiKotilandi. Izinhlobo ze-Labour nama-Conservatives zaseWales kanye ne-Plaid Cymru ziqukatha i-Senedd, isishayamthetho saseWales. [[File:Houses of Parliament in 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Isigodlo saseWestminster, lapho kuhlangana iPhalamende]] iNgilandi neWales zinohlaka lunye lezinkantolo zobulungiswa. Inkantolo yokugcina lapho amacala ahlulelwe kulezo zinkantolo iyiNkantolo ePhakeme. Ezomthethosisekelo zingandluliswa kuyona uma ziqhamuka ezinkantolweni zasesiKotilandi kepha esisemthethweni jikelele ziphelela e-Court of Session uma zimayelana umthetho womphakathi kanye ne-High Court of Justiciary uma zimayelana umthetho wobugebengu. iKomiti Yobulungiswa yoMkhandlu wangaSese yayinamandla okuhlulela izindaba eNgilandi kepha izinkantolo ziwathathile lawomandla. Nakuba kunjalo kusakhona izizwe namakoloni asandlulisa amacala kuyo. Nakuba iNdlu yamaKhosi ibizwa indlu yangaphezulu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amandla okushaya umthetho nokulawula uhulumeni asezandleni ngci zendlu yangaphansi, iNdlu yeZakhamuzi. Amalunga weNdlu yamaKhosi angaba amakhosi akhethwa yiNkosi ngomboniso yeNdunakulu, noma amabhishobhu weSonto laseNgilandi kanye namakhosi angene ngobundlalifa. Lendlu ayinawo amandla okunqaba ukushayiwa komthetho kepha ingaletha umbono wayo mayelana umthethosivivinywa. iNkosi ivula ukuhlangana kwePhalamende okyenyaka ngesiMemezo esoHlalweni sobuKhosi futhi umcimbi wemiBuzo kwiNdunankulu iyindlela yoqinisekisa ukwephenduleka egatsheni lokuphatha. === Ezokuvikela === [[File:HMS_Queen_Elizabeth_in_Gibraltar_-_2018_(28386226189).jpg|alt=|thumb|Isithwalandiza, uMkhumbi koPhakemeyo (''HMS'') iNdlovukazi uElizabethi II]] Amabutho Ahlomileyo woPhakemeyo avikela Umbuso Ohlangeneyo namakoloni awo. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo uyilunga weHlangano Yomvumelwano waseNyakatho Atlantiki, umfelandawonye wezizwe zaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Amabutho Ahlomileyo anamajoni angama-127,000 (Ibutho laseBhulithani: 72,000, Ibutho laseLwandle leNkosi: 28,000, Ibutho laseMoyeni leNkosi: 28,000). iBhulithani inezikhali zenuzi. iBhulithani inezithwalandiza ezimbili kanye nemikhumbi yempi (ngaphezu- nangaphansi kwamanzi) ezingama-63. iBhulithani inezizinda zamabutho ezingama-145 ezizweni ezingama-42. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo unezizulane zibunjiwe zamabutho. Imboni yezihlomile ikhiqiza izikhali ezisetshenziswa namabutho aseBhulithani kanye nezinye izizwe futhi iBhulithani ithenga izikhali nezinye izinsiza zempi ezizweni zaseYurophu, iMelika nase-[[Isirayeli]]. === Ezobudlelwanenezizwe === [[File:Donald Trump & Charles III 2025-09-17 (crop).jpg|thumb|iNgonyama uCharles III noMengameli waseMelika uDonald Trump]] Amanxusa wezizwe ezinye amkelwa enkantolweni yesigodlo sikaNgcwele uJakobe. Amanxusa athunywa kwezinye izizwe ziqokwa egameli lomqhele kulesosigodlo sikaNgcwele uJakobe. Nakuba Umqhele unegunya lokushicilelela izakhamuzi nabanye abangaphansi kokuphephiswa kohulumeni koPhakemeyo amapasi, lenkambo iqhutshwa nguMnyango wazaseKhaya. iBhulithani iyilunga likanomphela loMkhandlu wezokuPhephisa senhlangana yeZizwe Ezihlangeneyo. Lokho kuyinikeza igunya lokuvimba izinqumo zalomkhandlu. Umbuso Ohlangeneyo unobudlelwane nezizwe eziyi-160. Umnyango wezobuDlelwanenezizwe noMdlelandawonye weZizwe wenza umsebenze wazinsuku ngezinsuku omayelene ubudlelwane boMbuso Ohlangeneyo nezinye izizwe. uNobhala wezobuDlelwanenezizwe (isithakazo sengqongqoshe yalomnyango) usebenzisana neNdunankulu ukuqhuba iminqubomngomo yesizwe mayelana loludaba. Nakuba iNdunankulu inamandla okuvumelana nezinye ezizwe ngenxa yokuletha umbono eMqheleni, ukuze leyomvumelwano ibengumthetho waseBhulithani, kufanele ushayiwe njengamuphi namuphi umthetho wePhalemende. iBhulithani iyilunga lezihlangano zezizwe ezahlukene, isibonelo, iBhange Yomhlaba, isiKhwama soMhlabawonke weziMali, iQembu labesiKhombisa, Umdlelandawonye weZizwe, uMkhandlu waseYurophu neNkantolo Yomhlabawonke Wobugebengu. Ngenxa yokhetho waka-2016, ngo-2020 Umbuso Ohlangeneyo iphumile eBumbanweni yaseYurophu. iNobudlelwane obusondelene kakhulu [[IMelika|neMelika]], [[iKhanada]], [[i-Ostreliya]] ne-[[INyuzilandi]]. === Ezamafundazwe === [[File:British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies.svg|thumb|Izindawo ezingaphansi koMbuso Ohlangeneyo (ehlaza otshani): iziNciko oMqhelweni (ezihlaza obhakabhaka) neziNdawo ezingaPhesheyakolwandle (ezibomvu)]] Umbuso Ohlangeneyo uqukathwa amazwenxenye amane: iNgilandi, iWales, isiKotilandi kanye neNyakatho Ayilendi. Nakuba zingabizwa izifundazwe ngokujwayelekile, mpeleni zisebenza njengezifundazwe emikhakheni eminingi njengezinye izizwe ngoba zinezikhungo zikahulumeni ezikhethwe izakhamuzi zazo ezingaphansi koHulumeni woMqhele futhi amandla okushaya umthetho nokuziphatha anikezwa iPhalamende yaseBhulithani. iNgilandi ihlukile kulamazwenxenye amanye ngoba ayinawo uhulumeni. iNgilandi inezifunda kepha zisetshenzelwa ezozibalalozabantu. Kukhona iziqhingi ezintathu ezibizwa Izinciko oMqhelweni (''Crown Dependencies''): i-Jersey, i-Guernsey, kanye nesiqhingi sikaMan. Leziziqhingi aziyinxenye yoMbuso Ohlangeneyo kepha ziyizindawo ezingazimelanga ezingaphansi koMqhele waseBhulithani. Lokho kusho ukuthi uMqhele oMkhandlwini (mpeleni igatsha lokuphatha lohulumeni waseBhulithani) unegunya lokuzishayela umthetho mayelana namuphi udaba kodwa mpeleni leziziqhingi zizishayela zona umthetho ngaphandle kwezokuvikela nobudlelwanenezizwe. Futhi kuneziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle zeBhulithani (''British Overseas Territories''). Lezizindawo zingamakoloni eBhulithani agcinwe ngasemuva kwomnyakazo wezombangazwe okususa ubukoloni wezi1940 kufikela izi-1960. Lezizindawo zinegunya lokuzishayela umthetho ngaphandle kwezokuvikela. Futhi iBhulithani igcine amandla okuzenzela kulezizindawo uma isimo sivuma kodwa ngeningi lesikhathi iBhulithani iziyekela ziziphathe. Awukho umehluko ngaphakathi kweziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle neziNciko oMqhelweni ngaphandle kokuthi iziNdawo zangaPhesheyakolwandle azikho eziqhingini zaseBhulithani. Ezinye zalezizindawo azinabo abahlali ngaphandle kwamajoni nabosonzululwazi njenge-''British Antarctic Territory''. == Notes == <small>{{reflist|2|group=note}} <br /> == References == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} <br /> {{Amazwe eYurophu}} [[Category:Amazwe]] [[Category:Amazwe eYurophu]] [[Category:IYurophu Enyakatho]] [[Category:Umbuso Ohlanganeyo| ]] 5n3y9g0xkprlpl9pds6bxbj9dm8xc5b 10 4011 123105 104526 2026-05-06T17:22:22Z Edwin Ndaba 13909 Ngifake izinkomba ezimbalwa 123105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox izwe/en |native_name = {{{igama_lemvelo|}}} |name = {{{igama|}}} |common_name = {{{igama_elivamile|}}} |conventional_long_name = {{{igama_elikhulu|}}} |image_flag = {{{ifulegi|}}} |alt_flag = {{{alt_ifulegi|}}} |image_coat = {{{coat_of_arms|{{{isithombe_sesiphandla_sezwe|}}}}}} |national_motto = {{{isaga_sesizwe|}}} |national_anthem = {{{inkondlo_yesizwe|}}} |capital = {{{inhlokodolobha|}}} |official_languages = {{{izilimi|}}} |largest_city = {{{idolobha_elikhulu|}}} |image_map = {{{ibalazwe|}}} |demonym = {{{abantu|}}} |area_sq_mi = {{{ubukhulu_sq_mi|}}} |area_km2 = {{{ubukhulu_km2|}}} |area_rank = {{{ubukhulu_ukuma|}}} |percent_water = {{{iphesenti_lamanzi|}}} |population_estimate = {{{inani_labantu_ukulinganisa|}}} |population_estimate_year = {{{inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_unyaka|}}} |population_estimate_rank = {{{inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma|}}} |population_census = {{{inani_labantu_uhlolovo|}}} |population_census_year = {{{inani_labantu_uhlolovo_inyaka|}}} |population_census_rank = {{{inani_labantu_uhlolovo_ukuma|}}} |population_density_km2 = {{{ixuku_labantu_km2|}}} |population_density_sq_mi = {{{ixuku_labantu_sq_mi|}}} |population_density_rank = {{{ixuku_labantu_ukuma|}}} |government_type = {{{uhlobo_kohulumeni|}}} |leader_title1 = {{{umongameli_isithakazo1|}}} |leader_name1 = {{{umongameli_igama1|}}} |leader_title2 = {{{umongameli_isithakazo2|}}} |leader_name2 = {{{umongameli_igama2|}}} |leader_title3 = {{{umongameli_isithakazo3|}}} |leader_name3 = {{{umongameli_igama3|}}} |leader_title4 = {{{umongameli_isithakazo4|}}} |leader_name4 = {{{umongameli_igama4|}}} |established_event1 = {{{ubedala_isehlakalo1|}}} |established_date1 = {{{usuku_isehlakalo1|}}} |established_event2 = {{{ubedala_isehlakalo2|}}} |established_date2 = {{{usuku_isehlakalo2|}}} |established_event3 = {{{ubedala_isehlakalo3|}}} |established_date3 = {{{usuku_isehlakalo3|}}} |established_event4 = {{{ubedala_isehlakalo4|}}} |established_date4 = {{{usuku_isehlakalo4|}}} |established_event5 = {{{ubedala_isehlakalo5|}}} |established_date5 = {{{usuku_isehlakalo5|}}} |currency = {{{imali|}}} |map_caption = {{{map_caption|}}} |ethnic_groups = {{{izinhlanga|}}} |ethnic_groups_year = {{{izinhlanga_unyaka|}}} |ethnic_groups_ref = {{{izinhlanga_umthombo|}}} |religion = {{{inkolo|}}} |religion_year = {{{inkolo_unyaka|}}} |religion_ref = {{{inkolo_umthombo|}}} |GDP_PPP = {{{umkhiqizophelele_isiqhathaniso_samandla_emali|}}} |GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{{umkhiqizophelele_ngamuntu_isiqhathaniso_samandla_emali|}}} |GDP_nominal = {{{umkhiqizophelele_sobala|}}} |GDP_nominal_per_capita ={{{umkhiqizophelele_ngamuntu_sobala|}}} |time_zone = {{{indawo_yesikhathi|}}} |calling_code = {{{umkhondo_ocingo|}}} |HDI = {{{inkomba_yentuthuko|}}} |Gini = {{{inkomba_yobungalingani_gini|}}} |drives_on = {{{ihlangothi_lokushayela|}}} |{{{other1|}}} = {{{value1|}}} |{{{other2|}}} = {{{value2|}}} |{{{other3|}}} = {{{value3|}}} |{{{other4|}}} = {{{value4|}}} |{{{other5|}}} = {{{value5|}}} |{{{other6|}}} = {{{value6|}}} |{{{other7|}}} = {{{value7|}}} |{{{other8|}}} = {{{value8|}}} |{{{other9|}}} = {{{value9|}}} <!-- hack until it's 100% translated --> }} <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": { "igama_lemvelo": {}, "igama": {}, "igama_elivamile": {}, "igama_elikhulu": {}, "ifulegi": {}, "alt_ifulegi": {}, "coat_of_arms": {}, "isithombe_sesiphandla_sezwe": {}, "isaga_sesizwe": {}, "inkondlo_yesizwe": {}, "inhlokodolobha": {}, "izilimi": {}, "idolobha_elikhulu": {}, "ibalazwe": {}, "abantu": {}, "ubukhulu_sq_mi": {}, "ubukhulu_km2": {}, "ubukhulu_ukuma": {}, "iphesenti_lamanzi": {}, "inani_labantu_ukulinganisa": {}, "inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_unyaka": {}, "inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma": {}, "inani_labantu_uhlolovo": {}, "inani_labantu_uhlolovo_inyaka": {}, "inani_labantu_uhlolovo_ukuma": {}, "ixuku_labantu_km2": {}, "ixuku_labantu_sq_mi": {}, "ixuku_labantu_ukuma": {}, "uhlobo_kohulumeni": {}, "umongameli_isithakazo1": {}, "umongameli_igama1": {}, "umongameli_isithakazo2": {}, "umongameli_igama2": {}, "umongameli_isithakazo3": {}, "umongameli_igama3": {}, "umongameli_isithakazo4": {}, "umongameli_igama4": {}, "ubedala_isehlakalo1": {}, "usuku_isehlakalo1": {}, "ubedala_isehlakalo2": {}, "usuku_isehlakalo2": {}, "ubedala_isehlakalo3": {}, "usuku_isehlakalo3": {}, "ubedala_isehlakalo4": {}, "usuku_isehlakalo4": {}, "ubedala_isehlakalo5": {}, "usuku_isehlakalo5": {}, "imali": {}, "map_caption": {}, "inkolo": { "label": "Inkolo", "description": "Lokho abantu bakholelwa kuko ", "example": "UbuKristu" }, "inkolo_unyaka": {}, "inkolo_umthombo": {}, "other1": {}, "value1": {}, "other2": {}, "value2": {}, "other3": {}, "value3": {}, "other4": {}, "value4": {}, "other5": {}, "value5": {}, "other6": {}, "value6": {}, "other7": {}, "value7": {}, "other8": {}, "value8": {}, "other9": {}, "value9": {}, "izinhlanga": { "label": "Izinhlanga", "description": "Izinhlobo zabantu ngenxa yemvelaphi nenzalo yabo", "example": "Abamhlophe (40%)", "type": "string", "suggested": true }, "izinhlanga_unyaka": { "type": "date" }, "izinhlanga_umthombo": {}, "umkhiqizophelele_isiqhathaniso_samandla_emali_unyaka": { "label": "Umkhiqizophelele (Isiqhathaniso samandla emali)", "description": "Inani lemali yayonke impahla ekhiqizwe ezweni ngokuphelele umakuqhathaniswa amandla emali", "example": "Izigidintathu eziyi-3.5 USD", "type": "string" }, "umkhiqizophelele_sobala": { "label": "Umkhiqizophelele (sobala)", "description": "Inani lemali lomkhiqizo yempahla yomnotho osobala", "example": "Izigidigidi ezingama-14.7 GBP", "type": "string" }, "umkhiqizophelele_ngamuntu_isiqhathaniso_samandla_emali": { "label": "Umkhiqizophelele ngaMuntu (isiqhathaniso samandla emali)", "description": "Ukuhletshulwa kwomkhiqizophelele ngawonke umuntu ezweni", "example": "78,000", "type": "number" }, "umkhiqizophelele_ngamuntu_sobala": { "label": "Umkhiqizophelele ngaMuntu (sobala)", "description": "Ukuhletshulwa komkhiqizophelele ngawonke umuntu ezweni osobala", "type": "number" }, "ihlangothi_lokushayela": { "label": "Ihlangothi lokushayela emgwaqeni", "description": "Ihlangothi lomgwaqo lapho abashayeli bashayelo imithutho", "example": "ngasesokudla", "type": "string" }, "indawo_yesikhathi": { "label": "Indawo yesiKhathi", "description": "Inxenye yomhlaba lapho lezwe liwela khona ngokwesikhathi", "example": "+2 UTC", "type": "string" }, "inkomba_yobungalingani_gini": { "label": "Inkomba yobuNgalingani (Gini)", "description": "Isibalo sika-Gini esiveza ubude bobungalingani kwabantu ngokwemali", "type": "number" }, "inkomba_yentuthuko": { "label": "Inkomba yeNtuthuko yaBantu", "description": "Isibalo sezinga lokuthuthuka kwamantu", "example": "0.897", "type": "number" }, "umkhondo_ocingo": { "label": "Umkhondo oCingo", "description": "Isibalo esisetshenziswa ukushayela amanombola alelizwe ucingo", "example": "+27", "type": "string" } }, "paramOrder": [ "igama_lemvelo", "igama", "igama_elivamile", "igama_elikhulu", "ifulegi", "alt_ifulegi", "coat_of_arms", "isithombe_sesiphandla_sezwe", "isaga_sesizwe", "inkondlo_yesizwe", "inhlokodolobha", "izilimi", "idolobha_elikhulu", "ibalazwe", "abantu", "ubukhulu_sq_mi", "ubukhulu_km2", "ubukhulu_ukuma", "iphesenti_lamanzi", "inani_labantu_ukulinganisa", "inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_unyaka", "inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma", "inani_labantu_uhlolovo", "inani_labantu_uhlolovo_inyaka", "inani_labantu_uhlolovo_ukuma", "ixuku_labantu_km2", "ixuku_labantu_sq_mi", "ixuku_labantu_ukuma", "uhlobo_kohulumeni", "umongameli_isithakazo1", "umongameli_igama1", "umongameli_isithakazo2", "umongameli_igama2", "umongameli_isithakazo3", "umongameli_igama3", "umongameli_isithakazo4", "umongameli_igama4", "ubedala_isehlakalo1", "usuku_isehlakalo1", "ubedala_isehlakalo2", "usuku_isehlakalo2", "ubedala_isehlakalo3", "usuku_isehlakalo3", "ubedala_isehlakalo4", "usuku_isehlakalo4", "ubedala_isehlakalo5", "usuku_isehlakalo5", "imali", "map_caption", "izinhlanga", "izinhlanga_unyaka", "izinhlanga_umthombo", "inkolo", "inkolo_unyaka", "inkolo_umthombo", "umkhiqizophelele_isiqhathaniso_samandla_emali_unyaka", "umkhiqizophelele_sobala", "umkhiqizophelele_ngamuntu_isiqhathaniso_samandla_emali", "umkhiqizophelele_ngamuntu_sobala", "ihlangothi_lokushayela", "indawo_yesikhathi", "inkomba_yobungalingani_gini", "inkomba_yentuthuko", "umkhondo_ocingo", "other1", "value1", "other2", "value2", "other3", "value3", "other4", "value4", "other5", "value5", "other6", "value6", "other7", "value7", "other8", "value8", "other9", "value9" ] } </templatedata> </noinclude> lxrns2xygyv7w3tkouer6azhafvzojk 123106 123105 2026-05-06T17:38:44Z Edwin Ndaba 13909 123106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox izwe/en |native_name = {{{igama_imvelo|}}} |name = {{{igama|}}} |common_name = {{{igama_ivamile|}}} |conventional_long_name = {{{igama_ikhulu|}}} |image_flag = {{{ifulegi|}}} |alt_flag = {{{alt_ifulegi|}}} |image_coat = {{{coat_of_arms|{{{image_coat|}}}}}} |national_motto = {{{isaga_wesizwe|}}} |national_anthem = {{{inkondlo_wesizwe|}}} |capital = {{{isiqongo|}}} |official_languages = {{{izilimi|}}} |largest_city = {{{idolobha_elikhulu|}}} |image_map = {{{ibalazwe|}}} |demonym = {{{abantu|}}} |area_sq_mi = {{{ubukhulu_sq_mi|}}} |area_km2 = {{{ubukhulu_km2|}}} |area_rank = {{{ubukhulu_ukuma|}}} |percent_water = {{{iphesenti_lamanzi|}}} |population_estimate = {{{inani_labantu_ukulinganisa|}}} |population_estimate_year = {{{inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_inyaka|}}} |population_estimate_rank = {{{inani_labantu_ukulinganisa_ukuma|}}} |population_census = {{{inani_labantu_uhlolovo|}}} |population_census_year = {{{inani_labantu_uhlolovo_inyaka|}}} |population_census_rank = {{{inani_labantu_uhlolovo_ukuma|}}} |population_density_km2 = {{{ixuku_labantu_km2|}}} |population_density_sq_mi = {{{ixuku_labantu_sq_mi|}}} |population_density_rank = {{{ixuku_labantu_ukuma|}}} |government_type = {{{uhlobo_kohulumeni|}}} |leader_title1 = {{{umongameli_isithakazo1|}}} |leader_name1 = {{{umongameli_igama1|}}} |leader_title2 = {{{umongameli_isithakazo2|}}} |leader_name2 = {{{umongameli_igama2|}}} |leader_title3 = {{{umongameli_isithakazo3|}}} |leader_name3 = {{{umongameli_igama3|}}} |leader_title4 = {{{umongameli_isithakazo4|}}} |leader_name4 = {{{umongameli_igama4|}}} |established_event1 = {{{ubedala_isehlakalo1|}}} |established_date1 = {{{usuku_isehlakalo1|}}} |established_event2 = {{{ubedala_isehlakalo2|}}} |established_date2 = {{{usuku_isehlakalo2|}}} |established_event3 = {{{ubedala_isehlakalo3|}}} |established_date3 = {{{usuku_isehlakalo3|}}} |established_event4 = {{{ubedala_isehlakalo4|}}} |established_date4 = {{{usuku_isehlakalo4|}}} |established_event5 = {{{ubedala_isehlakalo5|}}} |established_date5 = {{{usuku_isehlakalo5|}}} |currency = {{{imali|}}} |map_caption = {{{map_caption|}}} |{{{other1|}}} = {{{value1|}}} |{{{other2|}}} = {{{value2|}}} |{{{other3|}}} = {{{value3|}}} |{{{other4|}}} = {{{value4|}}} |{{{other5|}}} = {{{value5|}}} |{{{other6|}}} = {{{value6|}}} |{{{other7|}}} = {{{value7|}}} |{{{other8|}}} = {{{value8|}}} |{{{other9|}}} = {{{value9|}}} <!-- hack until it's 100% translated --> }} 8o6ghi5ex53kfd7cqyiqokxhxs1tte0 0 5562 123134 42843 2026-05-07T10:48:26Z Fongcwele 16873 Fongcwele moved page [[Abayizithulu]] to [[Ubuthulu]] 42843 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:International Symbol for Deafness.jpg|thumbnail]] '''Ukuzwa ukungakhuli''', '''ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa''' noma '''izithulu''', '''ukungakwazi ngokwengxenye''' noma '''ingqikithi ukuzwa'''. {{stub}} [[Category:Ezempilo]] j939tgw3a1xr5yrxmx6tioznt2bk16b 123138 123134 2026-05-07T10:59:45Z Fongcwele 16873 123138 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:International Symbol for Deafness.jpg|thumbnail]] '''Ubuthulu''' noma '''ukungezwa''' bunezincasiselo eziningana ezingokwesiko nezokwelapha. Kwezokwelapha, ubuthulu kbuchazwa ngokuthi ukuba isithulu okwenza umuntu angezwa ezindlebeni, okuyisimo somchazakuzwakala. Ngokujwayelekile, ubuthulu buchazwa njengesimo somuntu ongezwa kahle, osebenzisa insizakuzwa ukuze axhumane nabanye, kuhlanganisa nalabo abezwa kancane noma abangakwazi ukukhuluma kodwa abezwayo ngezindlebe, okusho ukuthi nongakwazi ukukhuluma ngomlomo ubizwa isithulu, nalabo abakhuluma ngezandla.<ref name="padden2005">{{Cite book|last1=Padden|first1=Carol A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2B4XWIFPgowC&q=Deaf&pg=PA1|title=Inside Deaf Culture|last2=Humphries|first2=Tom (Tom L.)|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-674-01506-7|location=Cambridge, MA|page=1}}</ref><ref name="bigD">{{cite web|author=Jamie Berke|date=9 February 2010|title=Deaf Culture - Big D Small D|url=http://deafness.about.com/cs/culturefeatures1/a/bigdorsmalld.htm|access-date=22 November 2013|publisher=About.com|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111043/http://deafness.about.com/cs/culturefeatures1/a/bigdorsmalld.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lezi zincasiselo ezimbili cishe zafana kodwa azisho into eyodwa. [[Category:Ezempilo]] ckj1lcswo9tf6zp9zv2y49gksebs4tm 2 9735 123115 122824 2026-05-06T21:18:52Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 123115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q859757 OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from } OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to } } |section= |sort=?from |sort_order=desc |one_row_per_item=no |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q52714790|Slumber Tsogwane]]'' | | [[IButswana]] | 2018-04-04 | 2024-11-01 | [[File:The Vice President, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu meeting the Vice President and the Acting President of Botswana, Mr. Slumber Tsogwane, at the Office of the President of Botswana, in Gaborone, Botswana on November 01, 2018.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q193238|Festus Mogae]]'' | usombusazwe, IButswana | [[IButswana]] | 1992-01-01 | 1998-01-01 | [[File:Festus Mogae 2009-06-23.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q310574|Quett Masire]]'' | | [[IButswana]] | 1966-09-30 | 1980-07-13 | [[File:Masire 1980 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q18618891|Mokgweetsi Masisi]]'' | usombusazwe, IButswana | [[IButswana]] | | | [[File:Mokgweetsi Masisi May 2023.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4298758|Peter Mmusi]]'' | | [[IButswana]] | | | [[File:P001622017H Peter Mmusi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4139832|Ponatshego Kedikilwe]]'' | | [[IButswana]] | | | [[File:Ponatshego Kedikilwe 7.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2436517|Mompati Merafhe]]'' | | [[IButswana]] | | | [[File:Mompati Merafhe 071203-F-9074R-083 0YE9L.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1998650|Lenyeletse Seretse]]'' | | [[IButswana]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q57449|Ian Khama]]'' | | [[IButswana]] | | | [[File:Ian Khama (2014).jpg|center|128px]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} tw2mb1oy3sk2kyqo19qptx3x4ux9bfh 2 9748 123123 122723 2026-05-07T00:55:26Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 123123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q52728003 OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from } OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to } } |section= |sort=?from |sort_order=desc |one_row_per_item=no |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q135650664|Nestor Ntahontuye]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 2025-08-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q107136851|Gervais Ndirakobuca]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 2022-09-07 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27231038|Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 2020-06-23 | 2022-09-07 | [[File:Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q719952|Pascal-Firmin Ndimira]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1996-07-31 | 1998-06-12 | [[File:Pascal-Firmin Ndimira cropped.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q720174|Antoine Nduwayo]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1995-02-22 | 1996-07-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q719803|Anatole Kanyenkiko]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1994-02-07 | 1995-02-22 | |- | ''[[:d:Q291550|Sylvie Kinigi]]'' | usombusazwe, IBurundi | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1993-07-10 | 1994-02-07 | [[File:Sylvie Kinigi at Bujumbura airport, 1993.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q377179|Adrien Sibomana]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1988-10-19 | 1993-07-10 | [[File:Adrien Sibomana - 1991.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q274420|Édouard Nzambimana]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1976-11-12 | 1978-10-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q704292|Albin Nyamoya]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1972-07-15 | 1973-06-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q282359|Michel Micombero]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1966-07-11 | 1966-11-28 | [[File:Republic of Burundi 4th anniversary stamp 1970 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q720185|Léopold Biha]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1965-10-13 | 1966-07-08 | |- | ''[[:d:Q720460|Joseph Bamina]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1965-01-26 | 1965-09-30 | |- | ''[[:d:Q720180|Pié Masumbuko]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1965-01-15 | 1965-01-26 | |- | ''[[:d:Q719834|Pierre Ngendandumwe]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1965-01-07 | 1965-01-15 | [[File:Pierre Ngendandumwe and EEC leadership.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q704292|Albin Nyamoya]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1964-04-06 | 1965-01-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q719834|Pierre Ngendandumwe]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1963-06-18 | 1964-04-06 | [[File:Pierre Ngendandumwe and EEC leadership.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q719817|André Muhirwa]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1961-10-20 | 1963-06-10 | |- | ''[[:d:Q739990|Prince Louis Rwagasore of Burundi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q1192936|Kingdom of Burundi]]'' | 1961-09-28 | 1961-10-13 | [[File:BDI 1963 MiNr0044A pm B002.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3737334|Joseph Cimpaye]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1961-01-26 | 1961-09-28 | |} {{Wikidata list end}} pas2ghcoj4awv25vzewwbydgnp6vs02 2 9765 123122 122722 2026-05-07T00:22:15Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 123122 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Prime Minister of the Chad who was Prime Minister twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q20849513 } |section= |sort=P39/Q20849513/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q20849513/P580:Start date,P39/Q20849513/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q57872|Emmanuel Nadingar]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 2010-03-05 | 2013-01-21 | [[File:Emmanuel Nadingar.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q58117|Moussa Faki]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 2003-06-24 | 2005-02-04 | [[File:Moussa Faki - 2023 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q297812|François Tombalbaye]]'' | usombusazwe, ITshedi | [[ITshedi]] | 1959-03-26 | 1960-08-11 | [[File:François Tombalbaye p1959.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q310886|Hissène Habré]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 1978-08-29 | 1979-03-23 | [[File:President Hissène Habré of Chad.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q344743|Pascal Yoadimnadji]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 2005-02-03 | 2007-02-23 | |- | ''[[:d:Q449364|Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 1993-11-06<br/>2007-02-26 | 1995-04-08<br/>2008-04-16 | |- | ''[[:d:Q717922|Joseph Yodoyman]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q717952|Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 1997-05-17 | 1999-12-13 | [[File:L'homme politique NASSOUR GUELENGDOUKSIA OUAIDOU.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q959485|Youssouf Saleh Abbas]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 2008-04-15 | 2010-03-05 | |- | ''[[:d:Q1371454|Fidèle Moungar]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1371488|Nagoum Yamassoum]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 1999-12-12 | 2002-06-13 | [[File:Nagoum Yamassoum.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1371523|Haroun Kabadi]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 2002-06-12 | 2003-06-24 | [[File:Haroun Kabadi 2021 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1778823|Koibla Djimasta]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q2824992|Adoum Younousmi]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 2007-02-23 | 2007-02-26 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2827609|Ahmed Koulamallah]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3509909|Djidingar Dono Ngardoum]]'' | | [[ITshedi]]<br/>[[IFulansi]] | 1982-05-19 | 1982-06-19 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3661283|Djimrangar Dadnadji]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 2013-01-21 | 2013-11-21 | [[File:N J. D. Danadji à N’Djamena, Tchad, 7 août 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4710950|Albert Pahimi Padacké]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 2016-02-13<br/>2021-04-26 | 2018-05-04<br/>2022-10-13 | [[File:Альбер Пахими Падаке (16-11-2021).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7403916|Saleh Kebzabo]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 2022-10-13 | 2024-01-01 | [[File:Saleh Kebzabo.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q15221749|Kalzeubet Pahimi Deubet]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 2013-11-21 | 2016-02-15 | [[File:Kalzeubé Pahimi Deubet.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q106598060|Succès Masra]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 2024-01-01 | 2024-05-22 | [[File:Dr Succès Masra 2021 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q126086566|Allamaye Halina]]'' | | [[ITshedi]] | 2024-05-23 | | [[File:Premier Ministre, Allamaye Halina.jpg|center|128px]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} b976dhifgaswgk9h1nz9mtwjjy9f96p 2 9821 123116 122714 2026-05-06T22:24:44Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 123116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q2672728 OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from } OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to } } |section= |sort=?from |sort_order=desc |one_row_per_item=no |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q50678|John Mahama]]'' | | [[IGana]] | 2025-01-07 | | [[File:John Mahama in Yokohama (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q718601|Nana Akufo-Addo]]'' | | [[IGana]] | 2017-01-07 | 2025-01-07 | [[File:Nana Akufo Addo, Jan. 2020.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50678|John Mahama]]'' | | [[IGana]] | 2012-07-24 | 2017-01-07 | [[File:John Mahama in Yokohama (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q51008|John Evans Atta Mills]]'' | | [[IGana]] | 2009-01-07 | 2012-07-24 | [[File:John Atta-Mills election poster.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q51005|John Kufuor]]'' | | [[IGana]] | 2001-01-07 | 2009-01-07 | [[File:John Agyekum Kufuor - World Economic Forum on Africa 2008-2.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q51002|Jerry Rawlings]]'' | | [[IGana]] | 1981-12-31 | 2001-01-07 | [[File:JJ Rawlings in Brussels 1998 (P002554000101, cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50997|Hilla Limann]]'' | | [[IGana]] | 1979-09-24 | 1981-12-31 | [[File:Hilla Limann.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q51002|Jerry Rawlings]]'' | | [[IGana]] | 1979-06-04 | 1979-09-24 | [[File:JJ Rawlings in Brussels 1998 (P002554000101, cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q718234|Fred Akuffo]]'' | | [[IGana]] | 1978-07-05 | 1979-06-04 | [[File:Fred Akuffo illustration.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q472593|Ignatius Kutu Acheampong]]'' | | [[IGana]] | 1972-01-13 | 1978-07-05 | [[File:Ignatius Kutu Acheampong illustration.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50989|Edward Akufo-Addo]]'' | umehluleli, IGana | [[IGana]] | 1970-08-31 | 1972-01-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q338928|Nii Amaa Ollennu]]'' | | [[IGana]] | 1970-08-07 | 1970-08-31 | |- | ''[[:d:Q424377|Akwasi Afrifa]]'' | | [[IGana]] | 1969-04-02 | 1970-08-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q356728|Joseph Arthur Ankrah]]'' | | [[IGana]] | 1966-02-24 | 1969-04-02 | [[File:Joseph Arthur Ankrah in America (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q8620|Kwame Nkrumah]]'' | Umqaqathi, IGana | ''[[:d:Q503623|Gold Coast Colony]]''<br/>[[IGana]] | 1960-07-01 | 1966-02-24 | [[File:1989 CPA 6101.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q326531|Charles Arden-Clarke]]'' | | [[Umbuso Ohlangeneyo]] | 1957-03-06 | 1957-06-24 | [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-46-53.jpg|center|128px]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} 1lha8atvf1odwb9dzr9zr0lvsqxojlx 2 9937 123120 122982 2026-05-06T23:46:04Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 123120 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the National Assembly of Tanzania who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q17599130 } |section= |sort=P39/Q17599130/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q17599130/P580:Start date,P39/Q17599130/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q57488|Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Jakaya Kikwete.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q57693|Mizengo Pinda]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Mizengo Pinda, Prime Minister of Tanzania.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q58152|Bernard Membe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2000-11 | 2015-07 | [[File:Bernard Membe.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q302913|Frederick Sumaye]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 1983 | 2005 | [[File:Frederick Sumaye cropped.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q451885|Edward Lowassa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Edward Lowasa (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q455223|Gertrude Mongella]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 1980<br/>2000<br/>2005 | 1993<br/>2005<br/>2010 | [[File:Gertrude Mongella crop.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q456003|Anna Tibaijuka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Anna Tibaijuka 207-DP-8416A-Sec0376 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q461710|Asha-Rose Migiro]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Asha-Rose Migiro cropped.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q500345|Cleopa Msuya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Cleopa David Msuya.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q519965|Professor Jay]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Professor-jay-songs465315764..jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q574678|Joseph Sinde Warioba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q744271|John Malecela]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:John Malecela (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1269997|Salim Ahmed Salim]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Salim.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1293072|Edward Sokoine]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1397927|Rashidi Kawawa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Rashidi Kawawa 2007 (profile).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1612942|January Makamba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:January Makamba 2012.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3372746|Bahati Ali Abeid]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29<br/>2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3372754|Anna Abdallah]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3372771|Maida Abdallah]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3372781|Mohamed Rished Abdallah]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3372802|Mohammed Abdi Abdulaziz]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4664665|Omar Kigoda]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Abdallah Kigoda.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4665005|Abdisalaam Issa Khatib]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4670491|Abubakar Khamis Bakary]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4695845|Ahmed Hassan Diria]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Ahmed Hassan Diria 1991 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4699150|Aisha Omar Kigoda]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4703254|Al-Shymaa Kway-Geer]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4724837|Ali Haji Ali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4724920|Ali Juma Haji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4725243|Ali Tarab Ali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4739855|Amani W. A. Kabourou]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4742070|Ame Pandu Ame]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4742159|Ameir Ali Ameir]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4756599|Andrew Chenge]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4764431|Ania Said Chaurembo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4768588|Anne Makinda]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | [[File:Anne Makinda.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4804509|Asha Jecha]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29<br/>2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4815692|Athumani Saidi Mwinshehe Janguo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4832710|Aziza Sleyum Ally]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4845816|Gosbert Begumisa Blandes]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4849016|Bakari Shamis Faki]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4869270|Batilda Salha Burian]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q4985236|George Mkuchika]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:George Mkuchika.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4985242|Mary Nagu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | [[File:Mary Nagu.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4985246|Celina Ompeshi Kombani]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5018704|Hussein Mwinyi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Hussein Mwinyi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5018715|Christopher Kajoro Chiza]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Christopher Chiza 2.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5018728|Jumanne Maghembe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Jumanne Maghembe.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5018747|Emmanuel John Nchimbi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5018756|John Magufuli]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 1995 | 2015 | [[File:John Magufuli 2015.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5018837|Harrison Mwakyembe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Harrison Mwakyembe.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5081142|Charles Muguta Kajege]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5081195|Charles Ndiliana Ruwa Keenja]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5200664|Cyril August Chami]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005-12 | 2015-10 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5237213|David Mathayo David]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5271239|Diana Mkumbo Chilolo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5279164|Diodorus Kamala]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Diodorus Kamala (12746453754) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5306810|James Alex Msekela]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:James Msekela - 2017 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5363267|Elizabeth Nkunda Batenga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5364221|Gaudentia Mugosi Kabaka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5373133|Emmanuel Mwambulukutu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5414313|Eustace Osler Katagira]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5429642|Faida Bakar]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29<br/>2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5437898|Fatma Abdulhabib Fereji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5437906|Fatma Othman Ali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5441481|Feetham Filipo Banyikwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5442106|Felister Bura]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5443307|Fenella Ephraim Mukangara]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5499021|Frederick Werema]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5501021|Freeman Mbowe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Freeman Aikaeli Mbowe (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5506397|Milton Makongoro Mahanga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5506432|Binilith Satano Mahenge]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5506491|Adam Kighoma Malima]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5527603|Gaudence Cassian Kayombo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5553143|Gerson Lwenge]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5559560|Gideon Asimulike Cheyo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5583434|Goodluck Ole-Medeye]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5607187|Gregory George Teu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5639922|Haji Haji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5645411|Hamisi Kigwangalla]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Hamisi Kigwangalla.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5679373|Hasnain Mohamed Murji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5679622|Hassan Chande Kigwalilo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5679807|Hassan Rajab Khatib]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5684168|Hawa Ghasia]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5687576|Pindi Chana]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q5711246|Hemed Mohammed Hemed]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5734667|Herbert James Mntangi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5987776|Idd Mohamed Azzan]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6084743|Ismail Jussa Ladhu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6087977|Issa Kassim Issa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6153209|Janet Bina Kahama]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6153492|Janet Mbene]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6225954|John Zefania Chiligati]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6249130|John Momose Cheyo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6310729|Juma Athumani Kapuya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6398899|Khadija Salum Ally Al-Qassmy]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6399650|Khalifa Suleiman Khalifa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6401342|Kheri Khatib Ameir]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6508503|Leader Stirling]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6732788|Mahadhi Juma Maalim]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6737420|Kassim Majaliwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2010-10-31 | | [[File:Fumio Kishida and Kassim Majaliwa before the funeral of Shinzo Abe (1) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6738666|Makame Mbarawa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2016 | | [[File:Makame Mbarawa IAEA.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6761270|Maria Ibeshi Hewa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6761791|Mariam Reuben Kasembe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6768990|Mark James Mwandosya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Mark Mwandosya.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6787103|Mathias Meinrad Chikawe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Mathias Chikawe.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6820967|Meryce Mussa Emmanuel]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6826836|Mgeni Kadika]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29<br/>2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6893059|Mohammed Gulam Dewji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2015 | [[File:Mohammed dewji 2013-12-09 16-15.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6928762|Joseph Mbilinyi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6932973|Muhammed Seif Khatib]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 1995 | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6944613|Mwadini Abbas Jecha]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7070296|Nuru Awadhi Bafadhili]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7139225|Parmukh Singh Hoogan]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]]<br/>[[India|INdiya]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7141770|Paschal Constantine Degera]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7167820|Pereira Silima]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7180705|Phares Kashemeza Kabuye]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7285580|Rajab Ahmad Juma]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7339108|Riziki Omar Juma]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7369953|Rostam Abdulrasul Aziz]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7395570|Saada Salum]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Saada Salum.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7399876|Said Amour Arfi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7403897|Saleh Ali Farrah]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7404547|Salim Abdallah Khalfan]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7404569|Salim Hemed Khamis]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7405361|Salma Kikwete]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017 | | [[File:Salma Kikwete.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7412163|Samuel Mchele Chitalilo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7412646|Samwel John Sitta]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Samuel Sitta.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7446651|Seif Ali Iddi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Seif Ali Iddi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7446652|Seif Sharif Hamad]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Seif Sharif Hamad.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7446653|Seif Seleman Rashidi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Seif Rashidi.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7487777|Shamsi Nahodha]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7500169|Shoka Khamis Juma]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7504868|Shukuru Kawambwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Shukuru Kawambwa.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7529926|Siraju Juma Kaboyonga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7562920|Sophia Mattayo Simba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7563912|Sospeter Muhongo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Sospeter Muhongo IAEA.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7609625|Stephen Jones Galinoma]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7609916|Stephen Masele]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Stephen Masele.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7694046|Teddy Louise Kasella-Bantu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7881722|Ummy Mwalimu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Ummy Mwalimu.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7936701|Vita Rashid Kawawa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7943288|Vuai Abdallah Khamis]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8008877|William Shija]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8014785|William Lukuvi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | 2026-03-25 | [[File:William Lukuvi cropped.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q8015604|William Augustao Mgimwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8046924|Yahya Kassim Issa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q8064834|Zainab Amir Gama]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q8065091|Zakia Hamdani Meghji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Zakia Hamdani Meghji - ETHZ-Bibliothek LBS SR04-033949.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q8075114|Zuleikha Yunus Haji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q9032315|Job Ndugai]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Job Ndugai, December 2017 (5122) (cropped1).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q11005183|Hasnain Gulamabbas Dewji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11045555|George Simbachawene]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11052170|Josephine Genzabuke]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29<br/>2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q11056716|Mwajuma Hassan Khamis]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11153384|Zitto Kabwe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Zitto Kabwe 2011.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q11978376|Jenista Mhagama]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122536|Abbas Zuberi Mtemvu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122539|Abdul Jabir Marombwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122550|Aggrey Deaisile Joshua Mwanri]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122554|Ahmed Shabiby]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122556|Ahmed Salum]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122607|Beatrice Matumbo Shellukindo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122744|Castor Raphael Ligallama]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122792|Christopher Olonyokie Ole Sendeka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122872|Elisa David Mollel]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122891|Esterina Julio Kilasi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122896|Ezekiel Magolyo Maige]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122905|Festus Bulugu Limbu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122923|Fuya Godwin Kimbita]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122942|George Lubeleje]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122953|Godfrey Weston Zambi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122980|Hafidh Ali Tahir]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | 2016-11-09 | |- | ''[[:d:Q13122985|Khamis Juma Suedi Kagasheki]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13123005|Hezekiah Ndahani Chibulunje]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13123140|Jeremiah Solomon Sumari]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13123155|John Paul Magalle Shibuda]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13123156|John Paul Lwanji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13123172|Juma Alifa Ngasongwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13123174|Juma Hassan Killimbah]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13123175|Juma Abdallah Njwayo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13123750|Lucy Thomas Mayenga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29<br/>2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q13123763|Luhaga Mpina]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Luhaga Mpina.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q13124326|Mohammed Amour Chombon]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13124521|Nimrod Mkono]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Nimrod Mkono.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q13124686|Peter Mahamudu Msolla]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Peter Msolla at the ITU Plenipotentiary Conference 2010.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q13124687|Peter Serukamba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13124688|Philemon Kiwelu Ndesamburo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Philemon Ndesamburo.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q13124750|Raphael Chegeni]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Raphael Masunga Chegeni 090121-F-3682S-251.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q13124755|Richard Ndassa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | 2020-04-29 | |- | ''[[:d:Q13124764|Rita Louise Mlaki]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q13124799|Ruth Blasio Msafiri]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13124808|Saed Kubenea]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13124810|Said Juma Nkumba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13124828|Salome Joseph Mbatia]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q13124830|Salum Salum]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13124832|Saning'o Kaika Ole Telele]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13124934|Stephen Masato Wasira]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005-12 | 2015-07 | [[File:Wasira pic 2012.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q13124943|Suleiman Omar Kumchaya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13124978|Tatu Mussa Ntimizi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16196108|Silvestry Koka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16196143|Sylvester Massele Mabumba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16196171|Peter Msigwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16196179|Yusuph Abdallah Nassir]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16196351|Selemani Zedi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16196389|Agripina Zaituni Buyogera]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16196527|Juma Sururu Juma]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16196584|Augustino Masele]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16196632|Lameck Okambo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16197043|Dunstan Kitandula]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16197097|Shanif Mansoor]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16197150|Meshack Jeremiah Opulukwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16199703|Selemani Kakoso]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16199711|Josephat Kandege]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16200074|Tundu Lissu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Tundu A. M. Lissu.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16205730|Mendrad Kigola]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16206282|Faustine Ndugulile]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | 2024-11-27 | [[File:Faustine Ndugulile.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16207202|Jitu Vrajlal Soni]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16207710|Said Mussa Zubeir]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16211651|Hamoud Jumaa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16212523|Lazaro Samuel Nyalandu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Lazaro Nyalandu Headshot.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16213460|Lolesia Bukwimba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16213580|Haji Khatib Kai]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16213626|Salvatory Naluyaga Machemli]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16213631|Amos Gabriel Makalla]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16213795|Shaffin Ahmedali Sumar]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16213952|Deo Haule Filikunjombe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16214062|Livingstone Lusinde]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16214077|Antony Gervase Mbassa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16214101|Philipo Mulugo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16214108|Juma Nkamia]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16214167|Ramadhan Haji Saleh]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16214437|Hamad Masauni]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16214447|Aeshi Hilaly]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16214458|Selemani Jafo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16214535|Ahmed Ngwali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16215031|Vincent Josephat Kiboko Nyerere]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16215848|Angellah Kairuki]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Angellah Kairuki.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16215870|Highness Samson Kiwia]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16215889|Godbless Lema]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16215979|Nyambari Chacha Mariba Nyangwine]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16217470|Halima James Mdee]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16217695|Ezekia Dibogo Wenje]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16218586|Ridhiwani Kikwete]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Jakaya Kikwete, 12th AU Summit, 090201-N-0506A-027.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16218849|Suleiman Masoud Nchambi Suleiman]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16221074|Saidi Mohamed Mtanda]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16221420|Moses Joseph Machali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Moses Machali.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16221446|Godfrey Mgimwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16221813|David Zacharia Kafulila]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16221829|Sadifa Khamis]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16223448|David Silinde]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16231449|Felix Francis Mkosamali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16728905|Haji Makame Faki]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16731918|Murtaza Ally Mangungu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16732202|Simon Mbilinyi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16732704|John Mnyika]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16732939|Assumpter Nshunju Mshama]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16733054|Haji Kombo Mussa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16733084|Charles Mwijage]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Charles Mwijage.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16733085|Abdullah Mwinyi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16733187|Joshua Nassari]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Joshua Nassari.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16733431|Nape Nnauye]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Nape Nnauye.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16733506|Albert Ntabaliba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16733513|Deogratias Aloyce Ntukamazina]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16733751|Suleiman Nassib Omar]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16864829|Clemence Beatus Lyamba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16864891|Feteh Saad Mgeni]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16866580|Laus Omar Mhina]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16873094|Monica Ngezi Mbega]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16873347|Ramadhani Athumani Maneno]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16875220|Jason Samson Rweikiza]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16875234|Abdulla Saadalla]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Abdullah Abdullah in October 2009.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17106746|Regia Mtema]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18528388|Sophia Mustafa]]'' | | [[IKhanada]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q19561408|George Masaju]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-11-05 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q19586123|Makongoro Nyerere]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20604882|Riziki Lulida]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29<br/>2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20604892|Anna Richard Lupembe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29<br/>2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20604937|Stella Manyanya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29<br/>2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20604960|Wilson Masilingi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Wilson Masilingi side portrait.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20605525|Daniel Nsanzugwako]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20605727|Suleiman Saddiq]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20725579|Mariam Salum Mfaki]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q21064101|Philip Marmo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 1985 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q21064276|Gertrude Rwakatare]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q21170429|Tulia Ackson]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) in 2024 - Tulia Ackson (icons2024ns1498) (53734596836).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22279305|Philip Isdory Mpango]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2016 | | [[File:Philip Mpango 2024 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22279375|Joyce Ndalichako]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2016 | | [[File:Img 2213 27956056918 o (27132565947).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q23415088|Bonnah Kaluwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24034414|Asha Juma]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24572780|John Heche]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27448088|Naghenjwa Kaboyoka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27469212|Angeline Mabula]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27487938|Esther Matiko]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27656841|Ashatu Kijaji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Ashatu Kijaji (born 1976) at WEF Special Meeting on Global Collaboration, Growth and Energy for Development, 2024.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q27734881|Anastazia Wambura]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27734883|Susan Kolimba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27999359|Halima Bulembo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29579610|Juma Ali Juma]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017-01-23 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29579658|Abdallah Bulembo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q29579700|Palamagamba John Aidan Mwaluko Kabudi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017 | | [[File:Tibor Nagy and Palamagamba Kabudi at State Dept 2020 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29904609|Catherine Ruge]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017-05-04 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090478|Jamal Kassim Ali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090479|Ajali Akibar]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090480|Hamida Mohamedi Abdallah]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090484|Stella Alex]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090486|Khamis Mtumwa Ali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090488|Khadija Nassir Ali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090491|Wanu Hafidh Ameir]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2016 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090493|Saul Amon]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090494|Rwegasira Oscar]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090497|Ester Bulaya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090499|Jaffar Jussa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090501|Zainabu Bakar]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090503|Lucy Owenya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090505|Ritta Kabati]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090506|Maria Kangoye]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090508|Cecilia Paresso]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090510|Issaay Paulo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090511|Neema Mgaya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090512|Edward Mwalongo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090514|Susanne Maselle]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090516|Joseph Kakunda]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090517|Josephine Chagulla]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090522|Mary Chatanda]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090523|Pauline Gekul]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090524|Mwita Waitara]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | 2018-07-30 | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090527|Khadija Aboud]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090528|Mary Mwanjelwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090532|Anna Joram Gidarya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090533|Haji Ameir Haji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090537|Boniphace Getere]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090538|Augustine Holle]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090539|Joram Hongoli]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090542|Yussuf Hussein]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090544|Najma Giga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090545|Khamis Gulamali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090547|Christine Ishengoma]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090555|Othman Haji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090556|Raphael Japhary]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090559|Khalifa Issa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090561|Mwantum Haji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090563|Hassanali Ibrahim]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090564|Azza Hamad]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090565|Juma Kombo Hamad]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090566|Pascal Haonga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090567|Japhet Hasunga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Mhe Hasunga.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30090570|Juma Hija]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090572|Emmanuel John]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090577|Ali Salim Khamis]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090580|Hawa Chakoma]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090582|Fakharia Khamis]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090583|Lathifah Chande]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090584|Hussein Bashe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Hussein Bashe.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30090587|Mohamed Khatib]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090589|Innocent Bashungwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Bashungwa.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30090590|Jaku Hashim Ayoub]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2016 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090591|Mbaraka Bawazir]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090592|Jumaa Aweso]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090593|Kasuku Bilago]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090595|Cosato Chumi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090597|Innocent Bilakwate]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090598|Doto Biteko]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Dotto Biteko in AED 2025.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30090599|Rashid Chuachua]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090602|Munde Tambwe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090603|Hamidu Bobali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090604|Grace Tendega]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090605|Anatropia Theonest]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090608|Fatma Toufiq]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090609|Abdallah Chikota]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090610|Jasmine Bunga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090611|Mbaraka Dau]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090614|Rose Tweve]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090615|Abdallah Ulega]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090616|Martha Umbulla]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090618|Ally Ungando]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090619|Khamis Vuai]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30090622|Upendo Peneza]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752508|Sikudhani Chikambo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752511|Mariamu Kisangi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752517|Medard Kalemani]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:The photo of Medard Kalemani.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q31752519|Mwantakaje Juma]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752523|Vicky Kamata]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752528|Sabreena Sungura]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752529|Khalifa Suleiman]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752531|Isack Kamwelwe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752533|Ally Suleiman]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752535|Munira Khatib]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752538|Aida Khenani]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752546|Omari Kigua]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752548|Pudenciana Kikwembe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752556|Elibariki Kingu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752561|Marwa Chacha]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752562|Risala Kabongo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752565|Kiswaga Destery]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752575|Constantine Kanyasu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752583|Rose Sukum]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752584|Joyce Sokombi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752588|Margaret Sitta]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | [[File:Magreth-sita.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q31752592|Sebastian Kapufi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752942|Venance Mwamoto]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752943|Zainabu Mwamwindi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752947|Salma Mohamed Mwassa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752952|Savelina Slivanus Mwijage]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752957|Sudi Katunda Mwilima]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752959|Abbas Mwinyi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752962|Mariamu Mzuzuri]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752963|Vedasto Mwiru]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752967|Onesmo Koimerek Nangole]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752968|Maftaha Nachuma]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752975|Mashimba Ndaki]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752978|Atashasta Nditiye]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752982|Deogratias Ngalawa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752986|Jacqueline Ngonyani]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752989|Edwin Ngonyani]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752991|Oran Njeza]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752993|Dua Nkurua]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753000|Adamson Sigalla Norman]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753003|Musa Ntimizi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753005|Tauhida Nyimbo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753010|Stanslaus Nyongo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753014|Ali Omar]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753015|William Olenasha]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753018|Haroon Pirmohamed]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753021|Ussi Pondeza]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753026|Willy Qambalo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753029|Adadi Rajabu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753034|Shally Raymond]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753035|Conchesta Rwamlaza]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753037|Salum Rehani]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753041|Mussa Sima]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753046|Njalu Silanga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753050|Juliana Shonza]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Naibu Waziri Mhe. Juliana Shonza.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q31753053|Shabani Shekilindi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753056|Mattar Salum]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753057|Rashid Shangazi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753059|Ally Saleh]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753062|Zubeda Sakuru]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753068|Magdalena Sakaya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q31753071|Machano Said]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2016 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q42753123|Lucy Lameck]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Lucy Lameck and National dress.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q46969942|Janeth Massaburi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005-10 | 2010-10 | |- | ''[[:d:Q46973475|Alfredina Kahigi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017-07-27 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q46973521|Kiza Mayeye]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017-07-27 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q46973623|Rehema Migilla]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017-09-07 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q46973695|Rukia Kassim]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017-07-27 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q46973733|Shamsia Mtamba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017-07-27 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q46973768|Sonia Magogo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017-07-27 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q46973799|Zainab Amir]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017-07-27 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q97940560|Mwantumu Mahiza]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q114270080|Mwanakhamis Kassim Said]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q114270140|Ravia Idarus Faina]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133288635|Zainabu Matitu Vulu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133288657|Martha Jacha Umbulla]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133288675|Fatma Abdulla Tamim]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290128|Elietta Nandupe Switi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290129|Kidawa Hamid Saleh]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290130|Shally Joseph Raymond]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290131|Mwaka Abrahaman Ramadhani]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290132|Esther Kabadi Nyawazwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290133|Sijapata Fadhili Nkayamba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290134|Hadija Saleh Ngozi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290135|Cynthia Hilda Ngoye]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290136|Dorah Heriel Mushi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290137|Bernadetha Kasabago Mushashu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290138|Lediana Mafuru Mng'ong'o]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290139|Margareth Agnes Mkanga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290140|Fatma Abdallah Mikidadi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290141|Mwanne Ismaily Mchemba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290142|Kiumbwa Makame Mbaraka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290143|Joyce Martin Masunga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290145|Janeth Mourice Massaburi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290146|Halima Mohamed Mamuya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290147|Joyce Nhamanilo Machimu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290148|Devota Mkuwa Likokola]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290150|Rosemary Kasimbi Kirigini]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290151|Halima Omar Kimbau]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290152|Mwajuma Hassani Khamisi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290153|Felista Aloyce Bura]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290154|Khajida Salum Ali Al-Qassmy]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290155|Aziza Sleyum Ali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290156|Maida Hamadi Abdallah]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290158|Mkiwa Adam Kimwanga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290159|Mwanawetu Saidi Zarafi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290160|Maulida Anna Valerian Komu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290161|Mhonga Said Ruhwanya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290162|Fatma Maghimbi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290163|Shamsa Selengia Mwangunga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290164|Gaudensia Mugosi Kabaka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q133290165|Zakia Hamdan Megji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q134540437|Haji Amour Haji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13125160|Vedastus Mathayo Manyinyi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13125162|Victor Mwambalaswa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13125250|William Jonathan Kusila]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13125252|William Ngeleja]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:William Ngeleja.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q13125278|Zaynab Vulu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13125291|Zubeir Ali Maulid]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13639507|Joel Nkaya Bendera]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q13647601|Maua Abeid Daftari]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q14791534|Hassan Athumani Ngwilizi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q14925565|Hamad Rashid Mohamed]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q14949085|Omari Rashid Nundu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q14949590|Augustine Mahiga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-12-12 | 2020-05-01 | [[File:Augustine Mahiga (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q15047198|Eugen Elishiringa Mwaiposa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15101327|Mustafa Mkulo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005-12 | 2024-05-03 | [[File:Mustafa Mkulo.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q15220327|Amina Chifupa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q15651126|Abdulkarim Esmail Hassan Shah]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2000 | 2015 | |- | ''[[:d:Q15665420|Anne Malecela]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2017<br/>2005 | 2010 | [[File:Anne Malecela.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16013473|Kighoma Malima]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Prof. Kighoma Malima.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16018441|Lawrence Gama]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16019654|Saidi Ramadhani Bwanamdogo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16105431|Basil Pesambili Mramba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16105825|Daniel Yona]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16106024|David Homeli Mwakyusa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:David Mwakyusa.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16107053|Mohamed Hamisi Missanga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16107505|Henry Daffa Shekifu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16121579|Michael Laizer]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16121934|Dunstan Daniel Mkapa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16122590|Haji Juma Sereweji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16136464|Ally Keissy]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16145336|Juma Othman Ali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16145341|Kulikoyela Kanalwanda Kahigi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16145353|Sylvester Mhoja Kasulumbayi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16145382|Kheir Ali Khamis]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16145530|Zubain Muhaji Mhita]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16145576|Luckson Ndaga Mwanjale]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | [[USaleh Pamba]] | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16145843|Mustapha Boay Akunaay]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16145876|Rashid Abdallah]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16146018|Abdul-Aziz Abood]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16146048|Omary Badwel]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16146273|Abdalla Ali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16146299|Mbarouk Ali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16147163|Hussein Nassor Amar]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16147390|Abdulsalaam Selemani Amer]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16149145|Abdallah Sharia Ameir]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16149733|Abdul Rajab Mteketa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16151862|Athuman Rashid Mfutakamba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16151883|Lucy Sawere Nkya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Lucy Nkya.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16152051|Mussa Zungu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16185539|Ismail Aden Rage]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16185612|Haroun Ali Suleiman]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Haroun Suleiman.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16186180|Kisyeri Werema Chambiri]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16186325|John Damiano Komba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16186392|Salome Daudi Mwambu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16186778|David Mciwa Mallole]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16186796|Mohamed Habib Juma Mnyaa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16187151|Aliko Nikusuma Kibona]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Aliko Kibona.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16187173|James Lembeli]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16187237|Stephen Ngonyani]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | 2018-07-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q16187247|Benedict Ole-Nangoro]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | [[File:Benedict Ole Nangoro.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16187295|Deo Sanga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16187296|Muhammad Ibrahim Sanya]]'' | | [[India|INdiya]]<br/>[[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16189312|Terezya Pius Luoga Huvisa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16189332|Dalaly Kafumu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Dalaly Kafumu.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16189334|Titus Mlengeya Dismas Kamani]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16189341|Stephen Kebwe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16189390|Donald Kevin Max]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16192851|Hadji Mponda]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Hadji Mponda.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16192912|Said Suleiman Said]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16193009|Salum Khalfan Barwany]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16193031|Jerome Bwanausi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16193183|Innocent Edward Kalogeris]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16193194|Modestus Dickson Kilufi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16193252|Faith Mohamed Mitambo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16193265|Mussa Hassan Mussa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16193684|Charles Kitwanga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Charles Kitwanga.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16193730|Ramo Makani]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16193732|Ignas Malocha]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16193750|Desderius Mipata]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16193978|Selemani Bungara]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16194119|Waride Bakari Jabu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16194217|Mtutura Abdallah Mtutura]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16194239|Rashid Ali Omar]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16194322|Joseph Shao]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16194369|Charles Tizeba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16194573|Khatib Haji]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16194781|Masoud Salim]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16194800|Haroub Mohamed Shamis]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16195008|Amina Andrew Clement]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16195127|Jaddy Simai Jaddy]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16195154|Kombo Khamis Kombo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16195184|Kangi Lugola]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Hon Kangi Lugola.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16195210|Mahmoud Mgimwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16195214|Rajab Mbarouk Mohammed]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16195227|Israel Yohana Natse]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16195370|Salim Turky]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16195564|Hamad Ali Hamad]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16195625|Yussuf Khamis]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16195672|James Mbatia]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16195709|Hussein Mzee]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752593|Alex Gashaza]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752594|John Kadutu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752597|Katani Katani]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752601|Hassan Kaunje]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752602|Zainab Katimba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752605|Sixtus Mapunda]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752611|Agnes Marwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752614|Gimbi Masaba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752619|Hassan Masala]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752623|Edwin Sannda]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752625|Immaculate Semesi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752628|Oliver Semuguruka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752670|Susan Kiwanga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752676|Makame Mashaka Foum]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752686|Peter Lijualikali]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752687|Julius Laizer]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752690|Elias Kwandikwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752695|Rhoda Kunchela]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752697|Zuberi Kuchauka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752702|Kiteto Koshuma]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752703|Anthony Komu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752705|Yosepher Komba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Yosepher Komba.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q31752709|Leah Komanya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752711|Grace Kiwelu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752720|Allan Kiula]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752722|Jesca Kishoa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752724|Jumanne Kishimba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752725|Issa Mangungu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752726|Angelina Malembeka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752727|Tunza Malapo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752728|Hussein Makungu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2016 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752729|Amina Makilagi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752732|Makame Makame]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752734|Yussuf Makame]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752736|Salome Makamba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752743|Kunti Majala]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752744|Almas Maige]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752745|Catherine Magige]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752747|Ester Mahawe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752751|Lucy Magereli]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752753|Mwigulu Nchemba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:Mwigulu Nchemba.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q31752754|Khamis Machano]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752760|Stanslaus Mabula]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752764|Amina Mabrouk]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2016 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752767|Hamadi Maalim]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752769|Susan Lyimo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752771|Kemirembe Lwota]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752776|Wilfred Lwakatare]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752782|Maulid Said Abdallah Mtulia]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752784|Daniel Mtuka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752785|Abdallah Mtolea]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752788|Martin Msuha]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752790|Maryam Msabaha]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752799|Daimu Mpakate]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752802|Ruth Mollel]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752804|Amina Mollel]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752805|Halima Ali Mohammed]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752812|Twahir Mohammed]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752813|Ester Mmasi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752821|Lucia Mlowe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752822|Goodluck Mlinga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752823|Martha Mlata]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29<br/>2005 | 2010 | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752826|Joseph Mkundi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752830|Devotha Minja]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752833|Esther Midimu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752834|James Millya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752836|Mboni Mhita]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752845|Joseph Mhagama]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752848|Omary Mgumba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752852|Suzana Mgonukulima]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752855|Bhagwanji Meisuria]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752859|Subira Mgalu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | [[File:SUBIRA MGALU.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q31752861|Gibson Meiseyeki]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752863|Mwanne Mchemba]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752864|Mohamed Mchengerwa]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752870|Taska Mbogo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752873|Prosper Mbena]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752878|Richard Mbogo]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752879|Mussa Mbarouk]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752880|Antony Mavunde]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752888|Aysharose Mattembe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752889|Flatei Massay]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752892|Silafu Maufi]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752899|Yahaya Massare]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752900|Juma Omar]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752901|Ali Masoud]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752903|Nassor Omar]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752908|Muhammed Muhammed]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752909|Joyce Mukya]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752912|Mary Muro]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752918|Bernadeta Mushashu]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752923|Hawa Mwaifunga]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752924|Joseph Musukuma]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752928|Joel Mwaka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752930|Sophia Mwakagenda]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752931|Bupe Mwakang'ata]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752932|Frank Mwakajoka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752938|Emmanuel Mwakasaka]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752939|Cecil Mwambe]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q31752940|Atupele Mwakibete]]'' | | [[IThanzaniya|ITanzania]] | 2015-10-29 | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} bv0wi8aym89zoo8ar6djx6ff1xpelpf 2 9942 123131 122995 2026-05-07T09:58:09Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 123131 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the Assembly of the Representatives of the People of Tunisia who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q29169698 } |section= |sort=P39/Q29169698/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q29169698/P580:Start date,P39/Q29169698/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q281184|Ali Laarayedh]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:AliLarayedhpicture.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q668526|Noureddine Bhiri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:Noureddine Bhiri.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2821016|Abdelfattah Mourou]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:CroppedMourou.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2821154|Abdellatif Mekki]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Abdellatif Mekki.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2821275|Abderrazak Cherait]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2836146|Ali Ben Salem]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2836158|Ali Bennour]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Ali Bennour, Sayada, 23 mars 2017.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2842788|Amer Larayedh]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:Amer Laarayedh.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2947600|Chahida Ben Fraj Bouraoui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:ChahidaFraj-Mai-2017-1.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3125673|Hafedh Zouari]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3196141|Khemais Ksila]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Khmaies Ksila.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3218481|Latifa Habachi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:Latifa Habachi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3220051|Lazhar Akremi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2015-02-20 | [[File:Lazher Akermi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3304538|Meherzia Labidi Maïza]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-01-22 | [[File:Meherzia Labidi Maiza.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3318419|Mohamed Ben Salem]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:MohamedBenSalemANC2011.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3318530|Mohamed Ennaceur]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Mohamed Ennaceur.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3318553|Mohamed Frikha]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Mohamed Frikha CandidatEnnahda 2014.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3320447|Moncef Sellami]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:SellamiCoupeTunisieFootball2009Rades.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3461533|Sahbi Atigue]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:SahbiAtigpicture.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3470837|Samir Dilou]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:Dilou.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3486675|Slim Besbes]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:SlimBesbesSep2014.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3571481|Yamina Zoghlami]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:Yamina Zoghlami Cropped.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3571955|Yassine Brahim]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]<br/>[[IFulansi]] | 2014-12-02 | 2015-02-20 | [[File:CroppedYassineBrahim.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7961932|Walid Bennani]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Walid Bennani.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q10514449|Mehdi Ben Gharbia]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02<br/>2019-11-13 | 2016-09-16<br/>2021-12-13 | [[File:PortraitMehdiBenGharbia Jan2014 01.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q10591389|Iyed Dahmani]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2016-09-16 | [[File:IyedDahmani.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q11775942|Salem Labiadh]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:Salem Labiedh.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12251558|Yassine Ayari]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2018-02-07<br/>2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13<br/>2021-12-13 | [[File:Yassine Ayari, The Munathara Initiative - Feb 3, 2020.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12352837|Nadhir Ben Ammou]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Nadhir Ben ammou.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12886365|Imed Daïmi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]]<br/>[[IFulansi]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Imed Daimi.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q14182276|Touhami Abdouli]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2015-02-20 | [[File:PortraitTouhamiAbdouliJan2012 01.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16027791|Farida Labidi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:PortraitFaridaLabidi2013 01.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16128314|Samia Abbou]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:Samia Abbou, Nawaat capture 19 novembre 2015.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16185697|Mongi Rahoui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:MongiRahoui.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16642407|Houcine Jaziri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Houcine Jaziri.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16666126|Naoufel Jammali]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:PortraitNaoufelJammali Sep2014.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17007718|Zied Lakhdhar]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Ziad Lakhdhar.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19285470|Mbarka Aouania]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Mbarka Aouania (02), FSM, Tunis 25 mars 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19345818|Selma Elloumi Rekik]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2015-02-20 | [[File:Selma elloumi rekik.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19346113|Khaoula Ben Aicha]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Khawla Ben Aicha.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19346156|Ons Hattab]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19346167|Ibtihej Ben Helal]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19346186|Hela Omrane]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:HelaOmrane-Sayada-Mai-2017-1.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19543800|Souhail Alouini]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:SouhailAlouini-Février2015.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19544687|Sabrine Goubantini]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q19631455|Bochra Belhaj Hmida]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Bochra Belhaj Hmida, Nawaat, 2 décembre 2014.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19951842|Faouzia Ben Fodha]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Faouzia Ben Fodha - Présidents de l'ARP, Tunisie, capture de Nawaat (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19955807|Noomane Fehri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2015-02-20 | [[File:Noomane Fehri 2 (cropped).JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20851199|Jihen Aouichi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q20961773|Ridha Charfeddine]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:Ridha Charfedddine, Nawaat, 2 décembre 2014 (01) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21084499|Boutheina Ben Yaghlane]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2015-02-20 | [[File:PortraitBoutheinaBenYaghlaneSep2014.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21091626|Nawel Tayech]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q21511555|Ghazi Chaouachi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2020-02-27 | [[File:Ghazi chaouachi.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q21606879|Noomane El Euch]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q22930198|Fathi Ayadi]]'' | | | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q22934436|Hamdi Guezguez]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2015-07-22 | |- | ''[[:d:Q23073234|Rim Mahjoub]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2015-02-20 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Rym mahjoub.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q23109390|Oussama Essghaier]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Oussama Essghaier.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q25451738|Hayet Omri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:Hayat omri.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q25452581|Lajmi Lourimi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Ajmi Lourimi ANC.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q25453450|Sayida Ounissi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02<br/>2019-11-13 | 2016-09-16<br/>2021-12-13 | [[File:Sayda Ounissi, member of Ennahdha.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q27758476|Khaled Chouket]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2016-02-09 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28045699|Karima Taggaz]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2016-09-16 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Karima Taggaz photo2 كريمة التقاز.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q28055867|Aroua Ben Abbas]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:PortraitArouaBenAbbas Sep2014.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q28055870|Badreddine Abdelkefi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28465976|Jamila Ksiksi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2022-03-30 | [[File:PortraitJamilaDebbechKsiksiSep2014.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q28530089|Sana Mersni]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q28716311|Habib Khedher]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Habib Khedher.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577371|Marouan Felfel]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2016-02-09 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577373|Taoufik Ouali]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2015-10-20 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577374|Taher Battikh]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2015-02-20 | 2017-10-18 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577375|Ridha Zghondi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577377|Olfa Jouini]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2016-02-09 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577378|Ammar Amroussia]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Ammar Amroussia, Nawaat 2 décembre 2014.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577380|Wafa Attia]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2015-02-20 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577382|Houda Slim]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2015-02-20 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577383|Mohamed Saidane]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577384|Nadia Zangar]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577385|Rabha Ben Hassine]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577386|Noura Amri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2015-07-22 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577388|Hssine Yahyaoui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577389|Leila Ouled Ali]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577390|Lamia Gharbi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2015-02-20 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577391|El Khansa Ben Harrath]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577392|Mongi Harbaoui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577395|Leila Oueslati]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577397|Faten Oueslati]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2016-09-16 | 2017-04-30 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577398|Lamia Dridi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2016-09-16 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577399|Riadh Jaidane]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Le Député Riadh JAIDANE à l'Assemblée des Représentants du Peuple (Tunisie).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577401|Leila Hamrouni]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577403|Najla Saadaoui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577404|Moez Belhaj Rhouma]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2015-02-20 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577405|Heger Ben Cheikh Ahmed]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2016-09-16 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577406|Mourad Hamaidi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577407|Heger Laaroussi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577409|Chakib Bani]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577410|Lilia Younes Ksibi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2015-02-20 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577411|Noureddine Ben Achour]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577413|Mohamed Mohsen Soudani]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577414|Haykel Belgacem]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577417|Nozha Biaoui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2015-02-20 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577419|Hedi Soula]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577420|Emna Ben Hmayed]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577421|Zouhair Maghzaoui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577422|Tarek Fetiti]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:Tarek Fetiti photo2 طارق فتيتي.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577423|Mahbouba Ben Dhifallah]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577426|Nizar Amami]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Nizar Amami, Nawaat Tunisie, janvier 2016.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577427|Ikram Moulahi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577429|Lotfi Ali]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577430|Hassouna Nasfi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577431|Soulef Ksantini]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577434|Youssef Jouini]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577437|Fayçal Tebbini]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577440|Sameh Bouhaouel]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:SamehBouhaouel-Sayada-Mai-2017-1.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577442|Zeineb Brahmi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577445|Mahmoud Gouiaa]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:PortraitMahmoudGouiaa 2014.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577449|Taoufik Jemli]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577450|Mohamed Kamel Hamzaoui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2018-07-28 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577452|Ibrahim Ben Said]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577454|Imen Ben Mhamed]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:ImenBenAhmed Ennahdha 2014.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577455|Taieb Medni]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577456|Ibtissem Jebabli]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577457|Ahmed Khaskhoussi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577458|Mohamed Ennaceur Jbira]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577459|Ridha Dellai]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577460|Noureddine Mrabti]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577462|Aymen Aloui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Aymen Aloui photo1 أيمن علوي.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577464|Najia Ben Abdelhafidh]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577465|Mohamed Hedi Gueddich]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577468|Abdelkader Ben Dhifallah]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577470|Mounir Hamdi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577472|Sana Salhi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577473|Mohamed Rachdi Bouguerra]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577474|Houda Tekaya]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577475|Sahbi Ben Fraj]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577478|Imed Ouled Jebril]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577479|Sameh Dammak]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577482|Neji Jmal]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:NéjiJmal Ennahdha 2014.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577483|Tahar Fdhil]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577484|Bechir Ben Amor]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577485|Karim Helali]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Karim Helali photo1 كريم الهلالي.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577487|Houssem Bounenni]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577488|Heger Bouzemmi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577490|Ismail Ben Mahmoud]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577491|Abada Kefi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2018-07-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577492|Mohamed Troudi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577493|Ahmed Seddik]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Ahmed Seddik, Nawaat, Tunisie.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577494|Mohamed Ben Souf]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577495|Amal Souid]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Amal Souid أمل سويد.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577497|Leila Bougatef]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577498|Maher Madhioub]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577499|Mohamed Sidhom]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577500|Bechir Khelifi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577502|Ahmed Ameri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577503|Mohamed Lakhdhar Lajili]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577504|Monia Brahim]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577505|Wafa Makhlouf]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577506|Hedi Ben Braham]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577507|Dalila Babba]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Dalila Babba 2018.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577508|Mohamed Fadhel Ben Omrane]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577510|Basma Jebali]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2018-11-30 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577511|Mohamed Ali Bedoui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577512|Ali Belakhoua]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577513|Sabri Dekhil]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577514|Walid Jalled]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577516|Kalthoum Badreddine]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:PortraitKalthoumBadreddine Jan2014 01.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577517|Mohamed Nejib Torjmane]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577519|Sofien Toubel]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:Sofien Toubel photo2 سفيان طوبال.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29577521|Imed Khemiri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577522|Abderraouf Cherif]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2018-12-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577523|Naceur Channoufi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577524|Mabrouk Hrizi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29577525|Belgacem Dkhili]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580310|Mohamed Amine Kahloul]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580315|Kamel Harraghi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580316|Brahim Nacef]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580350|Salem Hamdi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2017-02-28 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580351|Mohamed Ben Youssef El Hamdi]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580353|Fathi Chamkhi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580354|Abdelmoumen Belanes]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:AbdelmoumenBelanes-Sayada-Mai-2017-1.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29580357|Tarek Barrak]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580358|Ahmed Saidi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580420|Rim Thairi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580422|Fatma Mseddi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580426|Dorra Yaacoubi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580429|Radhia Toumi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580435|Hatem Ferjani]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2018-02-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580438|Abdelaziz Kotti]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Abdlaziz Kotti.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29580442|Issam Matoussi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580444|Meriem Boujbel]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580447|Lamia Mlayah]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580449|Asma Abou Hana]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580452|Olfa Soukri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580454|Abderraouf Chebbi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580455|Jamila Jouini]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580459|Hssan Amri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580461|Ramzi Ben Fraj]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Ramzi Ben Fraj.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29580462|Kamel Dhaouadi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580463|Souad Bayouli]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580465|Abir Abdelli]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580466|Leila Zahaf]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580468|Mohamed Ramzi Khmiss]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580470|Faycel Khelifa]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580471|Mohamed Kamel Besbes]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Mohamed Kamel Besbes - Mai 2015.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29580472|Ahmed Mechergui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:AhmedMechregui 2014.JPG|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29580473|Salah Bargaoui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580475|Mondher Belhaj Ali]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Mondher Belhaj Ali, Nawaat, janvier 2016, Tunisie.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29580478|Chaker Ayadi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580479|Mohamed Jalel Ghedira]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580480|Zouhair Rejbi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580481|Mohamed Ghannem]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2017684|French protectorate of Tunisia]]''<br/>[[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Mohamed Ghannem.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29580482|Safia Khalfi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580483|Mohamed Anouar Adhar]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580485|Bechir Ellazzem]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:PortraitBechirLazzem2014.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29580486|Souad Zaouali]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580488|Adnane Hajji]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580489|Mohamed Mahjoub]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Mohamed Mahjoub.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29580490|Abderraouf El May]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580492|Zohra Driss]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580493|Abdennaceur Chouikh]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580495|Chafik Ayadi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580496|Mahmoud Kahri]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580499|Lotfi Nabli]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580500|Lakhdhar Belhouchat]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q29580503|Sami Fetnassi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-13 | [[File:Sami Fetnassi photo2 سامي الفطناسي.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29580504|Mohamed Zrig]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | [[File:Mohamed Zrig photo1 محمد زريق.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q29581143|Mustapha Ben Ahmed]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q30012117|Mohamed Abdellaoui]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2017-02-28 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q60171938|Amira Zoukari]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2017-10-18 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q60171944|Hayet Kebaier]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2014-12-02 | 2015-10-20 | |- | ''[[:d:Q60171952|Maroua Bouazzi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2018-07-28 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q60172009|Nesrine Laamari]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2018-07-13 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q60172198|Abdelwahab Ouerfelli]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2017-04-30 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q60172220|Jihen Abbadi]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2018-12-01 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q60172365|Hajer Triki]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2018-11-30 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q86140333|Yosri Daly]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2019-11-13 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q97177810|Nabil Hajji]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2019-11-13 | 2019-11-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q100563142|Rached Khiari]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2019-11-13 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q106149291|Zied Ghanney]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2019-11-13 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q106164113|Jalal Zayati]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2019-11-13 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q119862501|Yassine Mami]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2023-05-11 | | [[File:Yassine Mami.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q128857532|Ayachi Zammel]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2019-11-13 | 2021-12-13 | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169085|Anouar Marzouki]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2023-03-13 | | |- | ''[[:d:Q129169086|Saoussen Mabrouk]]'' | | [[IThuniziya|ITunisia]] | 2023-03-13 | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} n3z9p49l2nffh3hpmfqem596722c9f8 0 9998 123119 96027 2026-05-06T23:44:46Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 123119 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Godrich Gardee''' ungumPolitiki waseNingizimu Afrika osebenza njengoNobhala Jikelele we- [[Economic Economic Fighters]] <ref>http://www.economicfreedomfighters.org/godrich-gardee {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621015805/http://www.economicfreedomfighters.org/godrich-gardee/ |date=2018-06-21 }} | U-Godrich Gardee (UNobhala Jikelele we-EFF) - Economic Freedom Fighters - EFF</ref> kanye neLungu lePhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika <ref>https://www.pa.org.za/person/godrich-ahmed-gardee {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929194623/https://www.pa.org.za/person/godrich-ahmed-gardee/ |date=2018-09-29 }} | U-Godrich Ahmed Gardee :: Umhlangano Wabantu</ref> <ref>https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/1563{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} | UMnu. Godrich Gardee - iPhalamende laseNingizimu Afrika</ref>. == Umsebenzi Wombusazwe == UGardee wabamba iqhaza ezombusazwe kusukela ngo-1985. Wayeyingxenye ye-ANC eBotswana ngenkathi edingiswa eNingizimu Afrika ngokubandakanyeka ekuvukeni kwabafundi. Ufike ekunakekelweni kukazwelonke ngemuva kwesimo sakhe sokuba noMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika [[Jacob Zuma]] ukukhokhela izindleko zemakhaya yakhe ePhalamende <ref>https://m.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Zuma-must-pay{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} -buyisela imali-EFF-20150113 | UZuma kumele akhokhe imali - EFF | Izindaba24</ref> <ref>https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2015-01-14-eff-fully-loaded-ready-to-conquer-parliament-vacant-land-and-boko- i-haram / amp | i-EFF ilayishwe ngokugcwele: Ukulungele ukunqoba iPhalamende, izwe elingenamuntu neBoko Haram | I-Daily Maverick</ref> == Imithombo == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gardee, Godrich Ahmed}} [[Category:Osombusazwe baseNingizimu Afrika]] bmrabu8y0q6w2gm9ce6qsfmpeaccpyj 2 10162 123113 114858 2026-05-06T20:06:12Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 123113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q1394653 } |section= |sort=P131 |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! In administrative entity ! Geo Coordinate ! Image ! Locator map image |- | ''[[:d:Q614669|Gaoual Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q862611|Boké Region]]'' | {{Coord|11.750277777778|-13.201111111111|display=inline}} | [[File:Hopital gaoual.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Gaoual.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q890340|Boffa Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q862611|Boké Region]]'' | {{Coord|10.184166666667|-14.043888888889|display=inline}} | | [[File:GN-Boffa.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q891238|Boké Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q862611|Boké Region]]'' | {{Coord|10.941111111111|-14.298333333333|display=inline}} | [[File:A plantation owner in the Boké prefecture.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Boke.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1456055|Fria Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q862611|Boké Region]]'' | {{Coord|10.368611111111|-13.585555555556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1781312|Koundara Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q862611|Boké Region]]'' | {{Coord|12.483888888889|-13.302222222222|display=inline}} | [[File:Formicai vicino Koundara.Guinea.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Koundara.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1156587|Dabola Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870166|Faranah Region]]'' | {{Coord|10.748055555556|-11.106111111111|display=inline}} | [[File:Guinea Dabola village.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Dabola.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1226479|Dinguiraye Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870166|Faranah Region]]'' | {{Coord|11.300833333333|-10.718055555556|display=inline}} | [[File:Guinea Dinguiraye market.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Dinguiraye.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1396210|Faranah Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870166|Faranah Region]]'' | {{Coord|10.038888888889|-10.72|display=inline}} | [[File:Rundhäuser 9497.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Faranah.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1470920|Kissidougou Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870166|Faranah Region]]'' | {{Coord|9.1869444444444|-10.106944444444|display=inline}} | | [[File:GN-Kissidougou.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q581719|Kankan Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870191|Kankan Region]]'' | {{Coord|10.384722222222|-9.3069444444444|display=inline}} | | [[File:GN-Kankan.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q962654|Kérouané Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870191|Kankan Region]]'' | {{Coord|9.2663888888889|-9.0172222222222|display=inline}} | | [[File:GN-Kerouane.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1470878|Mandiana Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870191|Kankan Region]]'' | {{Coord|10.633888888889|-8.7011111111111|display=inline}} | [[File:Traditional farming Guinea.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Mandiana.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1471573|Kouroussa Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870191|Kankan Region]]'' | {{Coord|10.652777777778|-9.885|display=inline}} | [[File:Fluss Niger bei Kouroussa.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:Kouroussa prefect Guinea Map.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1780649|Siguiri Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870191|Kankan Region]]'' | {{Coord|11.422222222222|-9.1697222222222|display=inline}} | [[File:Guinea Siguiri village.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q616816|Coyah Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q868520|Kindia Region]]'' | {{Coord|9.7002777777778|-13.383888888889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q922545|Télimélé Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q868520|Kindia Region]]'' | {{Coord|10.906111111111|-13.043333333333|display=inline}} | | [[File:GN-Telimele.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1263263|Dubréka Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q868520|Kindia Region]]'' | {{Coord|9.7841666666667|-13.5175|display=inline}} | | [[File:GN-Dubreka.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1439329|Forécariah Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q868520|Kindia Region]]'' | {{Coord|9.4347222222222|-13.085277777778|display=inline}} | | [[File:GN-Forecariah.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1741960|Kindia Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q868520|Kindia Region]]'' | {{Coord|10.058055555556|-12.868888888889|display=inline}} | [[File:Camara, légende vivante du Soli à Kindia, Guinée.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Kindia.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q253661|Lélouma Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q868515|Labé Region]]'' | {{Coord|11.1833|-12.9333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.472|-12.67|display=inline}} | [[File:Lelouma petel 16.6.20.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Lelouma.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q623409|Koubia Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q868515|Labé Region]]'' | {{Coord|11.59|-11.894|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1432094|Tougué Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q868515|Labé Region]]'' | {{Coord|11.45|-11.6833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|11.4883|-11.8004|display=inline}} | [[File:Tougué.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Tougue.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1781017|Mali Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q868515|Labé Region]]'' | {{Coord|12.0839|-12.3014|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|12.086|-12.302|display=inline}} | [[File:Mairie de Mali (Guinée).jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Mali.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1781303|Labé Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q868515|Labé Region]]'' | {{Coord|11.318055555556|-12.286111111111|display=inline}} | | [[File:GN-Labe.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q623295|Mamou Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q1043650|Mamou Region]]'' | {{Coord|10.3833|-12.0833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|10.3757|-12.0941|display=inline}} | | [[File:GN-Mamou.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q623302|Dalaba Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q1043650|Mamou Region]]'' | {{Coord|10.6917|-12.25|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|10.6873|-12.25|display=inline}} | [[File:Mairie de Dalaba.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Dalaba.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q736507|Pita Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q1043650|Mamou Region]]'' | {{Coord|11.0588|-12.3995|display=inline}} | [[File:Kambadaga Pita.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Pita.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q623139|Yomou Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870146|Nzérékoré Region]]'' | {{Coord|7.569|-9.256|display=inline}} | | [[File:GN-Yomou.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q623142|Guéckédou Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870146|Nzérékoré Region]]'' | {{Coord|8.56667|-10.1333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|8.5685|-10.1347|display=inline}} | [[File:Guinea tree nursery.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:GN-Gueckedou.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q623145|Lola Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870146|Nzérékoré Region]]'' | {{Coord|7.8|-8.53333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|7.801|-8.536|display=inline}} | | [[File:GN-Lola.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q853169|Beyla Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870146|Nzérékoré Region]]'' | {{Coord|8.6866666666667|-8.6577777777778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q949332|Macenta Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870146|Nzérékoré Region]]'' | {{Coord|8.5436111111111|-9.4727777777778|display=inline}} | | [[File:GN-Macenta.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1471203|Nzérékoré Prefecture]]'' | | [[IGini]] | ''[[:d:Q870146|Nzérékoré Region]]'' | {{Coord|7.75|-8.81667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|7.757|-8.823|display=inline}} | [[File:Nzerekore.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:Nzérékoré Prefecture.png|center|128px]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} d1xrs5agjh7jf0m5n5cyijqf8rxv1wx 2 10265 123126 114988 2026-05-07T05:30:36Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 123126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q859869 } |section= |sort=label |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P18:Image,P242:Map |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Image ! Map |- | ''[[:d:Q389944|Agadez Region]]'' | | [[INayighe]] | [[File:ISS023-E-5085 - View of Niger.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:Agadez in Niger.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q49100140|Communauté urbain de Niamey]]'' | | [[INayighe]] | | |- | ''[[:d:Q1053302|Diffa Region]]'' | | [[INayighe]] | [[File:Diffa region resting camels mules road 2006.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:Diffa in Niger.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q850055|Dosso Region]]'' | | [[INayighe]] | [[File:Niger millet Koremairwa 1214.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:Dosso in Niger.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q850036|Maradi Region]]'' | | [[INayighe]] | [[File:Village maradi niger.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:Maradi in Niger.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55724634|Niamey Region]]'' | | [[INayighe]] | | |- | ''[[:d:Q871083|Tahoua Region]]'' | | [[INayighe]] | [[File:Highway to tahoua 2007 002.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:Tahoua in Niger.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q861914|Tillabéri Region]]'' | | [[INayighe]] | [[File:Boubon2.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:Tillaberi in Niger.svg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q204367|Zinder Region]]'' | | [[INayighe]] | [[File:Nomadic woman Niger.jpg|center|128px]] | [[File:Zinder in Niger.svg|center|128px]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} p7z943an0io2oqyjzw5cr4xg5ii8yab 2 11147 123133 122996 2026-05-07T10:08:47Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 123133 wikitext text/x-wiki The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q79 Scholia for Egypt] {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?number_of_authors ?number_of_works ?item (REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid) (CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "/missing|📖]]") AS ?scholia) WITH { SELECT ?item (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors) (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works) WHERE { ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q79 . ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item . ?work wdt:P50 ?author . } GROUP BY ?item } AS %results WHERE { INCLUDE %results SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh". } } ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia |columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing) }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Organization ! Number of authors ! Publications (known/missing) |- | ''[[:d:Q194445|Cairo University]]'' | 60 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q194445|257]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q194445/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2723670|Ain Shams University]]'' | 39 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2723670|329]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2723670/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q413993|Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo]]'' | 36 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q413993|851]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q413993/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q173959|Al-Azhar University]]'' | 25 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q173959|78]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q173959/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q469476|The American University in Cairo]]'' | 19 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q469476|41]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q469476/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1424632|Alexandria University]]'' | 12 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1424632|39]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1424632/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q47068464|Union of Arab Historians]]'' | 10 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q47068464|86]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q47068464/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q746413|Elsevier]]'' | 7 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q746413|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q746413/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1472454|Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale]]'' | 6 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1472454|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1472454/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6978045|National Research Centre]]'' | 6 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6978045|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6978045/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q246534|Assiut University]]'' | 5 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q246534|16]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q246534/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12192324|Supreme Council of Culture]]'' | 5 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12192324|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12192324/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6540658|Writers Union of Egypt]]'' | 5 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6540658|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6540658/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1232190|Institut d'Égypte]]'' | 5 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1232190|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1232190/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1299166|Egypt Exploration Society]]'' | 4 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1299166|24]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1299166/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2917699|Tanta University]]'' | 4 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2917699|13]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2917699/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]'' | 4 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12239075|Academy of Islamic Studies]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12239075|31]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12239075/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q133207|Muslim Brotherhood]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q133207|29]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q133207/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20949323|Faculty of Arts Cairo University]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20949323|16]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20949323/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1364550|Capital University (Egypt)]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1364550|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1364550/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4116210|Kasr Al AinY]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116210|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116210/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q913972|Order of Friars Minor]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q913972|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q913972/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q40535|Supreme Council of Antiquities]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q40535|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q40535/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4116236|Mansoura University]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116236|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116236/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6865113|Minia University]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6865113|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6865113/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12244326|Institute of Arab Manuscripts]]'' | 3 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12244326|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12244326/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236130|Faculty of Dar Al-Uloom, Cairo University]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236130|134]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236130/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16190895|Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16190895|77]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16190895/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2829240|Al-Masry Al-Youm]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2829240|16]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2829240/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1042722|Benha University]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1042722|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1042722/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q539918|Ash'ari]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236033|Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236033|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236033/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q14565823|Misr University for Science and Technology]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q14565823|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q14565823/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6508638|Faculty of Science, Cairo University]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6508638|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6508638/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5429026|Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University Girls Branch Cairo]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5429026|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5429026/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q691097|German University in Cairo]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q691097|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q691097/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002010|Minia University Faculty of Science]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002010|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002010/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20419794|الجمعية المصرية للدراسات التاريخية]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20419794|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20419794/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30281693|Agricultural Research Center]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30281693|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30281693/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45136187|Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q45136187|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q45136187/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4120601|Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4120601|18]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4120601/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q959279|Egyptian Radio and Television Union]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q959279|13]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q959279/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4116122|Akhbar el-Yom]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116122|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116122/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3679860|Arab Open University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3679860|6]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3679860/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q15438708|Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs (Egypt)]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15438708|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15438708/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22689292|TeN TV]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22689292|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22689292/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q382551|Egyptian Navy]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q382551|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q382551/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q85870304|General Union of Arab Writers]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q85870304|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q85870304/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1161619|Suez Canal University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1161619|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1161619/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236049|Faculty of Science Sohag University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236049|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236049/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12244302|Institute of Arab Research and Studies]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12244302|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12244302/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q17004556|Higher Institute of Engineering]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17004556|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q17004556/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2945179|Centre d'études alexandrines]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2945179|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2945179/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30314620|National Press Association]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30314620|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q30314620/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4118002|Ministry of Health and Population]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4118002|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4118002/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4118519|Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation of Egypt]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4118519|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4118519/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q43896404|Ain Shams University Hospital]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q43896404|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q43896404/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4664220|Council of Senior Scholars of al-Azhar]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4664220|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4664220/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4697360|Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4697360|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4697360/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5348466|Egyptian constitutional review committee of 2011]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5348466|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5348466/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q56085233|Wikimedians of Tamazight User Group]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q56085233|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q56085233/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002124|South Valley University Faculty of Nursing]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002124|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002124/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12235996|Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12235996|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12235996/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236153|Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236153|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236153/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q137696780|Instituto Cervantes de El Cairo]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q137696780|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q137696780/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1590853|House of Knowledge]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1590853|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1590853/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2479116|Egyptian Revolutionary Command Council]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2479116|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2479116/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2778411|Egyptian National Library and Archives]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2778411|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2778411/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2945197|Center for Economic, Legal and Social Studies and Documentation]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2945197|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2945197/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3152206|Dominican Institute for Oriental Studies]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3152206|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3152206/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4119059|Youm7]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4119059|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4119059/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q65173823|Embassy of Spain, Cairo]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65173823|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65173823/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6751728|Manshiet el Bakry Hospital]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6751728|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6751728/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6840613|Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6840613|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6840613/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q781607|Free Officers Movement]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q781607|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q781607/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002001|Alexandria University High Institute of Public Health]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002001|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002001/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002002|Medical Research Institute Alexandria University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002002|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002002/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002018|Assiut University Faculty of Pharmacy]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002018|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002018/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002019|Assiut University Faculty of Science]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002019|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002019/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002035|Beni Suef University Faculty of Science]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002035|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002035/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q101002078|Damanhour University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002078|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q101002078/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1078474|Zagazig University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1078474|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1078474/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q111495161|Institut Français d’Egypte à Alexandrie]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q111495161|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q111495161/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q113680378|Netherlands-Flemish Institute in Cairo]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q113680378|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q113680378/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1163280|Menoufia University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1163280|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1163280/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12194719|Islamic Legitimate Body of Rights and Reformation]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12194719|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12194719/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12211260|Dār Al-Kitāb Al-Aʿrabī]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12211260|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12211260/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236021|Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236021|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236021/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12236147|Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236147|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12236147/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q122905431|Faculty of Arts, Helwan University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q122905431|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q122905431/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q12872867|Averof School of Alexandria]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12872867|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q12872867/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q14956362|Salafist Call]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q14956362|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q14956362/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q15118781|Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15118781|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q15118781/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q19849869|Housing and Building National Research Center]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19849869|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q19849869/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20402937|قناة مصر الآن]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20402937|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20402937/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20402974|Mekameleen TV]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20402974|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20402974/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q20414787|Supreme Council of Universities]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20414787|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q20414787/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q22931631|المجمع المصري للثقافة العلمية]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22931631|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q22931631/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q286468|Al-Ahram]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q286468|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q286468/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q312342|Al-Azhar Mosque]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q312342|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q312342/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3183238|French University of Egypt]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3183238|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3183238/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3269101|Lycée Français du Caire]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3269101|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3269101/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q33129823|Deutsches Papyruskartell]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q33129823|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q33129823/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3450277|Egyptian Geographic Society]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3450277|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3450277/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4115998|Kafr El-Sheikh University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4115998|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4115998/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4116126|Al Gomhuria]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116126|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4116126/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4117901|Mehwar TV]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4117901|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4117901/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4119371|ON]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4119371|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4119371/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4119563|National Bank of Egypt]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4119563|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4119563/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4206677|Cabinet of Egypt]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4206677|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q4206677/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q424967|Al-Ahram Weekly]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q424967|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q424967/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q45136373|Egyptian Mathematical Society]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q45136373|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q45136373/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50037512|Magdi Yacoub Heart Foundation]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50037512|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50037512/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5212540|Damietta University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5212540|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5212540/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5330286|World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5330286|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5330286/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5348406|Egyptian Feminist Union]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5348406|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5348406/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5428953|Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428953|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q5428953/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q55223320|Faculty of Theology and Dawa, Al-Azhar University Cairo]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55223320|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q55223320/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6040160|Institute of Coptic Studies]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6040160|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6040160/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60573530|Egyptian Medical Syndicate]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q60573530|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q60573530/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q65080389|Art et Liberté]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65080389|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q65080389/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6875934|Misr International University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6875934|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q6875934/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q7568730|Qena University]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7568730|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q7568730/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q99289463|Mansoura University Faculty of Pharmacy]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99289463|1]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q99289463/missing|📖]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} ksr91ycp2oe1nt12dibcbfu9dx9jsjh 2 11170 123117 122715 2026-05-06T22:47:09Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 123117 wikitext text/x-wiki The [https://tools.wmflabs.org/scholia/country/Q1041 Scholia for Senegal] {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?number_of_authors ?number_of_works ?item (REPLACE(STR(?item), ".*Q", "Q") AS ?qid) (CONCAT( "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "|", ENCODE_FOR_URI(?number_of_works), "]] / ", "[[toolforge:scholia/organization/", ?qid , "/missing|📖]]") AS ?scholia) WITH { SELECT ?item (COUNT(DISTINCT ?author) AS ?number_of_authors) (COUNT(DISTINCT ?work) AS ?number_of_works) WHERE { ?item wdt:P17 wd:Q1041 . ?author wdt:P108 {{!}} wdt:P463 {{!}} wdt:P1416/wdt:P361* ?item . ?work wdt:P50 ?author . } GROUP BY ?item } AS %results WHERE { INCLUDE %results SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en,da,es,fr,jp,nl,no,ru,sv,zh". } } ORDER BY DESC(?number_of_authors) DESC(?number_of_works) ?item ?qid ?scholia |columns=label:Organization,?number_of_authors:Number of authors,?scholia:Publications (known/missing) }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Organization ! Number of authors ! Publications (known/missing) |- | ''[[:d:Q671363|Université Cheikh Anta Diop]]'' | 15 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q671363|24]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q671363/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2255542|Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire]]'' | 4 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2255542|10]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2255542/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q50828855|African Continental Free Trade Area]]'' | 4 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855|5]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q50828855/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2044761|Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2044761|21]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2044761/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3146579|African Institute for Economic Development and Planning]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3146579|9]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3146579/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q539918|Ash'ari]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918|7]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q539918/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q16647785|KEDGE Business School]]'' | 2 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16647785|4]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q16647785/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q273894|Piarists]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q273894|12]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q273894/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q2946893|Institut français d'Afrique noire]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2946893|11]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q2946893/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q1003588|Francophonie]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588|8]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q1003588/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3551411|Université Gaston Berger]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551411|3]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3551411/missing|📖]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3490246|Sonatel]]'' | 1 | [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3490246|2]] / [[toolforge:scholia/organization/Q3490246/missing|📖]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} n1zo2q4gpmq4fkb9nbg4yxdg4o3j8br 0 11180 123121 118529 2026-05-07T00:13:42Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 123121 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:UniverseEvolution WMAP zulu.jpg|thumb|Umdwebo wokulwiza komkhathilibe]] '''Inzululwazi''' futhi '''ISayensi''' iyisigabavu esihleliwe nendlela yokuzuza lonke [[ULwazi|ulwazi]] olungaba khona emhlabeni [[UMkhathilibe|nakumkhathilibe]] wonke. Kwinzululwazi kukhona izindlela zokuhlela izincazelo ezivivinyayo nokubikezela ngomkhathi. <ref name="EOWilson1999a">{{Cite book|last=Wilson|first=E.O.|title=Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge}}</ref> <ref name="Heilbron">"...&nbsp;modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by mathematics; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions."— p.vii&nbsp;{{Cite book|last=Heilbron|first=J.L. (editor-in-chief)|title=The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science}}</ref> Kubalulekile kakhulu kwinzululwazi ukuba imiphumela yezivivinyo nocwaningo kube eqinisekiswe osonzululwazi abaningi ukuze amaqiniso ayo angaphuma odwa kuvezwa amaphutha. Kwencikene kakhulu nokusizana kuhlanganwe. Izimpande zokuqala zenzululwazi zise[[Gibhithe lasendulo]] nase[[Mesopotamiya]] kusukela cishe ngowezi-3500 kuya ku-3000 BCE.<ref name="Lindberg1">"The historian&nbsp;... requires a very broad definition of "science"&nbsp;– one that&nbsp;... will help us to understand the modern scientific enterprise. We need to be broad and inclusive, rather than narrow and exclusive&nbsp;... and we should expect that the farther back we go [in time] the broader we will need to be." &nbsp;p.3—{{Cite book|last=Lindberg|first=David C.|year=2007|chapter=Science before the Greeks|title=The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context|pages=1–27|edition=Second|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-48205-7}}</ref> <ref name="Grant2007a">{{Cite book|last=Grant|first=Edward|year=2007|chapter=Ancient Egypt to Plato|title=A History of Natural Philosophy: From the Ancient World to the Nineteenth Century|pages=1–26|edition=First|location=New York, New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-052-1-68957-1}}</ref> Amagalelo abo kwezomchazazibalo, [[izinkanyezi|ezomchazamkhathi]], kanye [[nezokwelapha]] angena futhi abumba [[iFilosofi yemvelo]] [[yamaGreki]] [[yenkathi yakudala]], okuyilapho kwenziwa khona imizamo emisiwe yokuqhamuka nezincazelo ezisekelwe emsukeni ongokwemvelo wezinto ezenzeka endaweni ebonwa ngamehlo. Ngemuva kokuwa koMbuso oseNtshonalanga WaseRoma, ulwazi lwemiqondo yamaGrikhi ngomhlaba lwehla eNtshonalanga Yurophu phakathi neminyaka engamakhulu amane yokuqala (eyama-400 kuya kwe-1000 CE) weNkathi Ephakathi <ref name="Lindberg9">{{Cite book|last=Lindberg|first=David C.|year=2007|chapter=The revival of learning in the West|title=The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context|pages=193–224|edition=Second|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-48205-7}}</ref> kepha lwalondolozwa emazweni obuSulumane ngesikhathi se- [[nkathi yokuChuma kobuSulumane]]. <ref name="Lindberg8">{{Cite book|last=Lindberg|first=David C.|year=2007|chapter=Islamic science|title=The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context|pages=163–92|edition=Second|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-48205-7}}</ref> Ukubuyiselwa nokuhlanganiswa kwemisebenzi yamaGrikhi nemibuzo yamaSulumane eNtshonalanga Yurophu kusuka ngekhulu le-10 kuye le-13 kwavuselela "[[iFilosofi yemvelo]]", <ref name="Lindberg10">{{Cite book|last=Lindberg|first=David C.|year=2007|chapter=The recovery and assimilation of Greek and Islamic science|title=The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context|pages=225–53|edition=2nd|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-48205-7}}</ref> kamuva eyaguqulwa yinguquko yenzululwazi eyaqala ngekhulu le-16 <ref name="Principe2011">{{Cite book|last=Principe|first=Lawrence M.|year=2011|chapter=Introduction|title=Scientific Revolution: A Very Short Introduction|pages=1–3|edition=First|location=New York, New York|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-199-56741-6}}</ref> njengoba amasu amasha kanye nokusanda-kufunyanwa kwayishiya imiqondo namasiko wamaGrikhi kwangaphambili. <ref name="Lindberg1990">{{Cite book|last=Lindberg|first=David C.|year=1990|chapter=Conceptions of the Scientific Revolution from Baker to Butterfield: A preliminary sketch|title=Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution|pages=1–26|edition=First|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-34262-9}}</ref> <ref name="Lindberg14">{{Cite book|last=Lindberg|first=David C.|year=2007|chapter=The legacy of ancient and medieval science|title=The beginnings of Western science: the European Scientific tradition in philosophical, religious, and institutional context|pages=357–368|edition=2nd|location=Chicago, Illinois|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-48205-7}}</ref> <ref name="Stanford Encyclopedia">{{Cite book|title=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|last=Del Soldato|first=Eva|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|edition=Fall 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Grant2007c">{{Cite book|last=Grant|first=Edward|year=2007|chapter=Transformation of medieval natural philosophy from the early period modern period to the end of the nineteenth century|title=A History of Natural Philosophy: From the Ancient World to the Nineteenth Century|pages=274–322|edition=First|location=New York, New York|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-052-1-68957-1}}</ref> Indlela-su yenzululwazi ngokushesha yadlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kolwazi futhi kuze kwaba ngekhulu lam-19 lapho izici eziningi zezikhungo nokucwephesha zenzululwazi ezaqala ukwakheka; <ref name="Cahan Natural Philosophy">{{Cite book|title=From Natural Philosophy to the Sciences: Writing the History of Nineteenth-Century Science|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago, Illinois|isbn=978-0-226-08928-7}}</ref> <ref>The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' dates the origin of the word "scientist" to 1834.</ref> <ref name="Lightman 19th">{{Cite book|last=Lightman|first=Bernard|title=Wrestling with Nature : From Omens to Science|publisher=University of Chicago Press|location=Chicago|isbn=978-0226317830|chapter=13. Science and the Public}}</ref> kanye nokushintshwa "kwefilosofi yemvelo" kube isayensi yemvelo. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Harrison|first=Peter|title=The Territories of Science and Religion|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|pages=164–165|isbn=9780226184517}}</ref> Inzululwazi yanamuhla ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe yaba amagatsha amathathu amakhulu aqukethe [[inzululwazi yemvelo]] (isib, [[umchazampilo]], [[umchazatho]], kanye [[umchazandalo|nomchazandalo]]), efunda imvelo ngomqondo obanzi; [[inzululwazi yezenhlalo]] (isib, [[Ezomnotho]], [[ezengqondo]], kanye [[nezenhlalo]]), ezifunda abantu ngabanye nemiphakathi; kanye nesayensi ehlelekile (isib. [[umhluzaqondo]], [[umchazazibalo]], kanye ne[[sayensi yesiCikizi semibhalo]]), ephathelene nezimpawu ezilawulwa yimithetho. Kodwa kukhona ukungaboni ngaso linye, <ref name="Bishop1991">{{Cite book|last1=Bishop|first1=Alan|year=1991|chapter=Environmental activities and mathematical culture|title=Mathematical Enculturation: A Cultural Perspective on Mathematics Education|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9AgrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA54#v=onepage&q&f=false|pages=20–59|location=Norwell, Massachusetts|publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers|isbn=978-0-792-31270-3}}</ref> <ref name="Bunge 1998">{{Cite book|title=Philosophy of Science: Volume 1, From Problem to Theory|last1=Bunge|first1=Mario|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-765-80413-6|location=New York, New York|pages=3–50|chapter=The Scientific Approach}}</ref> ekutheni inzululwazi ehlelekile empeleni yakha inzululwazi njengoba ingasekelwe ebufakazini obungcwetile. <ref name="Fetzer2013">{{Cite book|last1=Fetzer|first1=James H.|year=2013|chapter=Computer reliability and public policy: Limits of knowledge of computer-based systems|title=Computers and Cognition: Why Minds are not Machines|pages=271–308|location=Newcastle, United Kingdom|publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers|isbn=978-1-443-81946-6}}</ref> Imikhakha esebenzisa ulwazi olukhona lwenzululwazi ngezinjongo ezisebenzayo, enjengo[[UmNgcikisho|mNgcikisho]], ezokwelapha, zichazwa njengenzululwazi esetshenziswayo. <ref>{{Cite journal|year=2014|last1=Fischer|first1=M.R.|title=Thinking and acting scientifically: Indispensable basis of medical education|pages=Doc24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Abraham|first1=Reem Rachel|title=Clinically oriented physiology teaching: strategy for developing critical-thinking skills in undergraduate medical students|pages=102–04|year=2004}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sinclair|first1=Marius|title=On the Differences between the Engineering and Scientific Methods|pages=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Engineering Technology :: Engineering Technology :: Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, IUPUI}}</ref> Ulwazi olusha lwenzululwazi luthuthukiswa [[ucwaningo]] [[Umfundindalo|losonzululwazi]] abagqugquzelwa ilukuluku ngokuphathelene nomhlaba kanye nayisifiso sokuxazulula izinkinga. Ucwaningo lwenzululwazi lwanamuhla lwenziwa ngokubambisana okukhulu futhi luvame ukuqhutshwa amathimba akwezemfundo, [[izikhungo zokucwaninga]], [[izikhungo zikahulumeni]] nez[[inkampani]]. Umthelela osebenzayo ocwaningweni lwenzululwazi uholele ekuqubukeni kwezinqubomgomo zesayensi ezifuna ukuthonya umhwebo wenzulukeazi ngokubeka phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo yezentengiso, [[Isikhali|izikhali]], [[ukunakekela impilo]], futhi[[ukuvikelwa kwemvelo]]. == uMsuka == Igama elithi inzululwazi elisetshenziswa ukuhumusha elithi ''science'' lisho 'isimo sokwazi', noma ulwazi olunzulu ngendalo ezungezile. Igama elithi inzululwazi liyinhlanganisela yamabizo amabili athi 'nzulu + ulwazi' ngoba loluhlobo lolwazi lunzulu, ludinga ukufundwa kabanzi nokucwaningwa ngokujulile. Lingcono kakhulu kunalelo elingumfakela othi ''isayensi''. Leli liyibizo lesintu okufanele silisebenzise. Nansi indlela yokulisebenzisa lona kanye namanye ahlobene nalo: * ''science'' - inzululwazi * ''scientist'' - usonzululwazi * ''scientific'' - okwenzululwazi . == uMlando == === uMlando wakuqala === [[File:Plimpton_322.jpg|thumb|Isibhebhe sase-Plimpton, seziqoshwa zaseBhabhiloni, esabhalwa cishe ngowe-1800 BCE|alt=Clay tablet with markings, three columns for numbers and one for ordinals]] Inzululwazi ayinawo umsuka owodwa vo. Kunalokho, izindlelasu ezihleliwe zavela lusilili ngokuhamba kwesikhathi seminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane,<ref name="cognitive-basis">{{Citation |last=Carruthers |first=Peter |title=The roots of scientific reasoning: infancy, modularity and the art of tracking |date=2002-05-02 |work=The Cognitive Basis of Science |pages=73–96 |editor-last=Carruthers |editor-first=Peter |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511613517.005 |isbn=978-0-521-81229-0 |editor2-last=Stich |editor2-first=Stephen |editor3-last=Siegal |editor3-first=Michael}}</ref><ref name="causal-cognition">{{Cite journal |last1=Lombard |first1=Marlize |last2=Gärdenfors |first2=Peter |date=2017 |title=Tracking the Evolution of Causal Cognition in Humans |journal=Journal of Anthropological Sciences |volume=95 |issue=95 |pages=219–234 |doi=10.4436/JASS.95006 |pmid=28489015 |issn=1827-4765}}</ref> ngezimo ezingafani ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba, futhi inbalwa imininingwane ekhona emayelana nokuthuthuka kwayo endulo. Kungenzeka abesifazane babeneqhaza elikhulu kwinzululwazi yasendulo,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Graeber |first1=David |last2=Wengrow |first2=David |author-link1=David Graeber |author-link2=David Wengrow |date=2021 |title=[[The Dawn of Everything]] |page=248 }}</ref> as did [[Ritual#Religious perspectives|religious rituals]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Faerie Smith Meets the Bronze Industry: Magic Versus Science in the Interpretation of Prehistoric Metal-Making |jstor=124782 |last1=Budd |first1=Paul |last2=Taylor |first2=Timothy |journal=World Archaeology |year=1995 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=133–143 |doi=10.1080/00438243.1995.9980297 }}</ref> Ezinye izazi zisebenzisa ebizo elithi 'inzululwazi yanguna' ukuze bagqabe ubuqhebeqhebe basendulo obunenswebu yenzululwazi yanamuhla kulwangu lwayo;<ref>{{cite book|last=Tuomela |first=Raimo |year=1987 |chapter=Science, Protoscience, and Pseudoscience |editor-last1=Pitt |editor-first1=J.C. |editor-last2=Pera |editor-first2=M. |title=Rational Changes in Science |series=Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science |volume=98 |pages=83–101 |publisher=Springer |location=Dordrecht |doi=10.1007/978-94-009-3779-6_4|isbn=978-94-010-8181-8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1086/599864 |first=Pamela H. |last=Smith |title=Science on the Move: Recent Trends in the History of Early Modern Science |journal=Renaissance Quarterly |volume=62 |number=2 |year=2009 |pages=345–375|pmid=19750597 |s2cid=43643053 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fleck |first=Robert |date=March 2021 |title=Fundamental Themes in Physics from the History of Art |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00016-020-00269-7 |journal=Physics in Perspective |language=en |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=25–48 |doi=10.1007/s00016-020-00269-7 |bibcode=2021PhP....23...25F |s2cid=253597172 |issn=1422-6944}}</ref> nokho, lomgqabo uye wahlatshwa kakhulu njengothunazayo<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Scott |first=Colin |encyclopedia=The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader |title=Science for the West, Myth for the Rest? |publisher=Duke University Press |location=Durham |editor-last=Harding |editor-first=Sandra |isbn=978-0-8223-4936-5 |date=2011 |oclc=700406626 |page=175 |doi=10.2307/j.ctv11g96cc.16 }}</ref> noma osikisela ngokweqile umbono wobumanjemanje ''(Presentism)'', njengoba ubhekwa Lobo buqhebeqhebe ngeso lemijinjo yanamuhla.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1177/007327531205000203 |first=Peter |last=Dear |title=Historiography of Not-So-Recent Science |journal=History of Science |volume=50 |number=2 |year=2012 |pages=197–211|s2cid=141599452 }}</ref> Ubufakazi obuqandikhanda bemidludlungu yenzululwazi baqala ukucaca ekufikeni kwezimiso zokubhala emiphakathini yasendulo njengaseGibhithe naseMesopothamiya, kanjalo kwaqopheka iziqoshwa zokuqala emlandweni wenzululwazi.<ref name=Lindberg2007a/><ref name="Grant2007a" /> Nakuba amazwi nezicabangelo ezithi 'inzululwazi' nesithi 'imvelo' zazingeyona ingxenye yenkulumo yangaleso sikhathi, imiphakathi yasendulo yaba namagalelo abalulekile naba nendawo kwinzululwazi yamaGrikhi nasenkathini ephakathi. Abantu baseMesopothamiya lasendulo basebenzisa ulwazi olumalungana nezakhi ezihlukene zeziqa ukuze bakhiqize amakhamba, izindindimana, inhlaka, insipho, izinkimbi, isinomfiya, nesivimbamanzi.<ref name="McIntosh2005">{{cite book|last1= McIntosh|first1= Jane R.|author-link= Jane McIntosh|title= Ancient Mesopotamia: New Perspectives|date= 2005|publisher= ABC-CLIO|location= Santa Barbara, California, Denver, Colorado, and Oxford, England|isbn= 978-1-57607-966-9|pages= 273–76|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9veK7E2JwkUC&q=science+in+ancient+Mesopotamia|access-date= October 20, 2020|archive-date= February 5, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210205162758/https://books.google.com/books?id=9veK7E2JwkUC&q=science+in+ancient+Mesopotamia|url-status= live}}</ref> Bacwaninga uchazomzimba lwezilwane, ukucondoza kwezilwane, nomchazanyezi ngezinjongo zokubhula.<ref>{{Cite journal |title= Scientific Astronomy in Antiquity|last= Aaboe|first= Asger|author-link= Asger Aaboe|journal= [[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society]]|volume= 276|issue= 1257|date= May 2, 1974|pages= 21–42|doi=10.1098/rsta.1974.0007|bibcode=1974RSPTA.276...21A|jstor= 74272|s2cid= 122508567}}</ref> AbaseMesopothamiya babenentshiseko enkulu kwezokwelapha<ref name="McIntosh2005" /> futhi iziyalo zemitho zokuqala zavela ngolimi lwamakhaledi ngoSendo lwesithathu lwase-Uri.<ref>{{cite journal |title= Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health in Ancient Mesopotamia |first= R D. |last= Biggs |journal=Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies |volume= 19 |number= 1 |year= 2005 |pages= 7–18}}</ref> Babegxile kakhulu ekufundeni izihloko zenzululwazi ezazisebenziseka kwezenkolo nasempilweni futhi babengakuthakaseli ukugculisa ilukuluku.<ref name="McIntosh2005" /> === Enkathini yanguna === [[File:MANNapoli 124545 plato's academy mosaic.jpg|left|thumb|Imvanganiso yobungqandavu buka Plato, obukhandwe maphakathi nonyaka we-100 BCE kuya kowama-79 AD, oveza osonjulalwazi abaningi bamaGreki nezazishows|alt=Framed mosaic of philosophers gathering around and conversing]] Enkathini yanguna, babekhona ababebhekwa njengosonzululwazi, kodwana hhayi ngendlela efana neyanamuhla. Abantu abayizinyanga ezigogodile, nabayingxenye yezicukuthwane futhi imvama abesilisa yibona ababeqhogoya izinhlobonhlobo zophenyo emvelweni.<ref name="Lehoux">{{cite book|last1= Lehoux|first1= Daryn|editor1-last= Shank|editor1-first= Michael|editor2-last= Numbers|editor2-first= Ronald|editor3-last= Harrison|editor3-first= Peter|title= Wrestling with Nature: From Omens to Science|date= 2011|publisher= University of Chicago Press|location= Chicago|isbn= 978-0-226-31783-0|page= 39|chapter= 2. Natural Knowledge in the Classical World}}</ref> === Enkathini ephakathi === [[File:ViennaDioscoridesEndpaperPeacock.jpg|thumb|Ikhasi lokuqala lencwadi yangekhulu lesi-6 ethi ''Vienna Dioscurides'' libonisa impigogo|alt=Picture of a peacock on very old paper]] Ngenxa yokuwa kombuso waseRoma, ikhulu lesi-5 lambozwa ukwehla kwezingqithabuchopho nokuwohloka kolwazi olwalukhona endulo.<ref name=Lindberg2007a/>{{rp|p=194}} === Enkathini yokukhanyiselwa === [[File:Newton's Principia title page.png|thumb|Ikhasi lesihlokosiqu sohlelo lokuqala lowe1687 lwencwadi ethi ''[[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]]'' ka-Isaac Newton|alt=see caption]] Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhanyiselwa, uIsaac Newton wakha isisekelo sobunguxa basendulo ngencwadi ethi ''[[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]]'', eyaba nethonya elikhulu kwezomchazandalo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gribbin|first=John|title=Science: A History 1543–2001|year=2002|page=241|publisher=Allen Lane |isbn=978-0-7139-9503-9|quote=Although it was just one of the many factors in the Enlightenment, the success of Newtonian physics in providing a mathematical description of an ordered world clearly played a big part in the flowering of this movement in the eighteenth century}}</ref> U-[[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]] wasebenzisa amabizo womchazandalo wobu-Aristotile, okuyiwona asetshenziswa ngendlela entsha. == Izinkomba == {{reflist}} == Izixhumanisi ezingaphandle == * [http://www.euroscience.org/ Euroscience] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412080435/http://www.euroscience.org/ |date=2010-04-12 }} * [http://xtf.lib.virginia.edu/xtf/view?docId=DicHist/uvaBook/tei/DicHist1.xml;chunk.id=dv1-57;toc.depth=1;toc.id=dv1-57;brand=default Classification of the Sciences]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in ''Dictionary of the History of Ideas''. (Isimo esisha se-elekthronikhi sinobhomu kabi, okufakiwe ngemuva kokuthi "Idizayini" ingafinyeleleki. ''Internet Archive'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20080619205103/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-57 inguqulo yakudala]). * [http://www.science.gov/ United States Science Initiative] Imininingwane ekhethiwe yesayensi enikezwe izinhlaka zikaHulumeni wase-US, kufaka phakathi ucwaningo nemiphumela yokuthuthuka * [http://undsci.berkeley.edu/index.php How science works] ''University of California Museum of Paleontology'' [[Category:ISayensi]] iztkyrqpvrjk42ip735n66vra1skszc 2 12727 123110 122085 2026-05-06T18:20:40Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 123110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q16917; wdt:P17 wd:Q1037. } |section= |sort=P131 |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! In administrative entity ! Geo Coordinate ! Image ! Locator map image |- | ''[[:d:Q131310196|WIWO Specialized Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134571058|Kacyiru Police Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131310116|Nyamata District Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Bugesera District]] | {{Coord|-2.1383348|30.078886|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136471508|Rilima Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Bugesera District]] | {{Coord|-2.1608277|30.2292627|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q64350717|Rwanda Cancer Centre]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Burera District]] | {{Coord|-1.40916667|29.84083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q61932843|University Teaching Hospital of Butare]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Butare]] | {{Coord|-2.610738|29.735594|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124855670|Gatonde District Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | ''[[:d:Q124855791|Gahinga]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123677896|Ruli district hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Gakenke District]]<br/>''[[:d:Q19610766|Ruli]]'' | {{Coord|-1.8297139|29.8494553|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134985157|Ruli Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Gakenke District]] | {{Coord|-1.9401797|29.8694424|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q109536913|Caraes Ndera Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Gasabo District]] | {{Coord|-1.9539973788460931|30.169201996323174|display=inline}} | [[File:Ndera Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q131392612|La Croix du Sud Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Gasabo District]] | {{Coord|-1.9582762|30.1035407|display=inline}} | [[File:Hospital room ubt.jpeg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q136471782|BAHO International hospital.]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Gasabo District]] | {{Coord|-1.9524793|30.0534183|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136719179|Mediheal Diagnostics & Fertility Centre - Kigali]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Gasabo District]] | {{Coord|1.9472799|30.0759191|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136839122|Kibagabaga District Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Gasabo District]] | {{Coord|-1.930651|30.1105959|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131310135|Ngarama District Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Gatsibo District]] | {{Coord|1.546549|30.2403742|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133323741|Kiziguro Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Gatsibo District]] | {{Coord|-1.7672287|30.3800483|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133325325|Ngarama Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Gatsibo District]] | {{Coord|-1.546549|30.2429491|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136839959|Kibirizi District Hospita( Gisagara)]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Gisagara District]] | {{Coord|-2.6491168|29.494545|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q65063583|Masaka Hospital, Rwanda]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Kicukiro District|Isifunda saseKicukiro]] | {{Coord|-1.99166667|30.21194444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131310366|Masaka Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Kicukiro District|Isifunda saseKicukiro]]<br/>[[Kigali|i-Kigali]] | {{Coord|-1.9774418|30.1374127|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136563854|Inkurunziza Orthopedic Specialized Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Kicukiro District|Isifunda saseKicukiro]] | {{Coord|-1.9743546|30.0794308|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135242046|Murunda Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Rutsiro District|Isifunda saseRutsiro]] | {{Coord|-1.9056127|29.3745268|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q65063439|King Faisal Hospital Kigali]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | ''[[:d:Q18810489|Kacyiru]]'' | {{Coord|-1.94361111|30.095|display=inline}} | [[File:Going into MRI.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q133385165|Kirinda Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Karongi District]] | {{Coord|-2.1854398|29.5591011|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133444009|Mugonero Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Karongi District]] | {{Coord|-2.1811817|29.2927245|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136809156|Kibuye Referral Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Karongi District]] | {{Coord|-2.0671366|29.3437415|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131310111|Gahini Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Kayonza District]] | {{Coord|-1.841275|30.483398|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135580297|Kacyiru District Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | ''[[:d:Q135580300|Kibaza]]'' | {{Coord|-1.9331998|30.0721845|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133326223|Kirehe Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Kirehe District]] | {{Coord|-2.2677022|30.6507068|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136808811|Nyabikenke district hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Muhanga District]] | {{Coord|-1.8815005|29.7684445|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133375279|Muhororo Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Ngororero District]] | {{Coord|-1.9343619|29.6227028|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136808503|Kabaya District Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Ngororero District]] | {{Coord|-1.7462331|29.5376551|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135241632|Shyira Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Nyabihu District]] | {{Coord|-1.6829799|29.6279418|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133324753|Nyagatare Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Nyagatare District]] | {{Coord|-1.2981076|30.3263425|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124849135|Kabgayi Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | ''[[:d:Q21137521|Nyamabuye]]'' | {{Coord|-2.103|29.7515|display=inline}} | [[File:Sign with Colonial-Era Building - Kabgayi Hospital - Genocide Site - Outside Muhanga-Gitarama - Rwanda.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q135242538|Kigeme Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Nyamagabe District]] | {{Coord|-2.4792502|29.5074519|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136809600|Kaduha district Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Nyamagabe District]] | {{Coord|-2.3330612|29.5251833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133374388|Kibogora Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Nyamasheke District]] | {{Coord|-2.3263881|29.1321172|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133383240|Bushenge Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Nyamasheke District]] | {{Coord|-2.4450674|28.9845587|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q127385207|Nyarugenge District Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | ''[[:d:Q18355478|Nyamirambo Sector]]''<br/>[[Kigali|i-Kigali]] | {{Coord|-1.9817|30.0435|display=inline}} | [[File:DT9A7636.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q133310942|Muhima Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Nyarugenge District]] | {{Coord|-1.9364783|30.0566226|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133543688|Polyclinique La Medicale]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Nyarugenge District]] | {{Coord|-1.9446414|30.0645163|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133307839|Polyclinique Polyfam]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | ''[[:d:Q18810589|Remera]]'' | {{Coord|-1.9608064|30.1115184|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124950945|Nemba District Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | ''[[:d:Q875144|Roman Catholic Diocese of Ruhengeri]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124951488|Mucaca]]'' | {{Coord|-1.6379|29.7866|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135320107|Gisenyi Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Rubavu District]] | {{Coord|-1.7013247|29.2622115|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131310142|Gitwe Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Ruhango]]<br/>''[[:d:Q105044118|Gitwe, Rwanda]]'' | {{Coord|-2.2473249|29.6867196|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131310176|Kinazi hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Ruhango District]] | {{Coord|-2.1928739|29.9030197|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q135320622|Ruhango Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Ruhango District]] | {{Coord|-2.1950625|29.6174264|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138678446|Remera-Rukoma District Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | ''[[:d:Q21129702|Rukoma]]'' | {{Coord|-1.9379|29.9091|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134985254|Kinihira Provincial Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Rulindo District]] | {{Coord|-1.6667121|29.9510058|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q130537569|Rukura Health Centre]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | ''[[:d:Q21484443|Rushashi]]''<br/>[[Gakenke District]]<br/>[[Northern Province, Ruwanda]] | {{Coord|-1.6965675|29.8289781|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q123699572|Mibilizi district hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Rusizi District]]<br/>''[[:d:Q21369174|Gashonga]]'' | {{Coord|-2.5682911|28.9537978|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q133382097|Gihundwe Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Rusizi District]] | {{Coord|-2.4835113|28.9119079|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q136841602|Mibirizi District Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Rusizi District]] | {{Coord|-2.5678367|28.9509412|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16954676|Butaro Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | ''[[:d:Q127242651|Rusumo]]'' | {{Coord|-1.40978|29.8399|display=inline}} | [[File:Butaro Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q64138566|Rwanda Cancer Centre]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | ''[[:d:Q127242651|Rusumo]]'' | {{Coord|-1.4091666666667|29.840833333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q131310115|Rwamagana Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Rwamagana District]] | {{Coord|-1.95043|30.433702|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q138827414|Rwinkwavu District Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | ''[[:d:Q21445455|Rwinkwavu]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q134985070|Rutongo Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | ''[[:d:Q135103910|Shengampuli]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135103899|Mugote]]'' | {{Coord|-1.7867272|30.0030549|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q30281571|University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK)]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Kigali|i-Kigali]] | {{Coord|-1.955594|30.06053|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q50036757|Rwanda Military Hospital]]'' | | [[IRuwanda]] | [[Kigali|i-Kigali]] | {{Coord|-1.976485|30.169013|display=inline}} | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} rfyfv1ffb7daeulwnhlagdictcctj9u 2 12729 123111 122980 2026-05-06T20:04:22Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 123111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql= SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q16917; wdt:P17 wd:Q1036. } |section= |sort=P131 |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! In administrative entity ! Geo Coordinate ! Image ! Locator map image |- | ''[[:d:Q5003685|Bwindi Community Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|-0.9686111111111112|29.61694444444445|display=inline}} | [[File:Bwindi Community Hospital.JPG|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q16895532|Mpigi Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.225|32.3219|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q17062069|Hope Clinic Lukuli]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.279608|32.600379|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18388418|Kiruddu General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.261389|32.6003|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20746292|Mulago Women's Referral Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.3375|32.57611111|display=inline}} | [[File:New Mulago Specialised Hospital Maternal and Neonatal center 2.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q20746333|Uganda Heart Institute]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.33805556|32.57527778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24185305|Bwera General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.03388889|29.76694444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24185306|Kilembe Mines Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.20388889|30.01027778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24185308|Women's Hospital International and Fertility Centre]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.35055556|32.59916667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24185309|Kadic Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.34972222|32.60416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24236537|Kampala Medical Chambers Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.31722222|32.57666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24236557|Galilee Community General Jewish Hospital of Uganda]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.33166667|32.53583333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24807572|Katakwi General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|1.9175|33.96222222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24886693|Gulu Military Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|2.7825|32.28444444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24915970|Bukwo General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|1.29416667|34.75527778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25066633|Atutur General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|1.40944444|33.99083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25066678|Kiboga General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.91194444|31.77638889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25067322|Bududa General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|1.00944444|34.33277778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25068075|Bundibugyo General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.70527778|30.06472222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227101|Apac General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|1.97833333|32.53361111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227112|Buwenge General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.225|33.32194444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227119|Kalisizo General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|-0.53555556|31.62277778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227128|Kambuga General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|-0.81388889|29.80083333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227169|Makerere University Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.32777778|32.57083333|display=inline}} | [[File:Makerere university hospital 3.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q25340059|Upper Mulago Regional Referral Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.34083333|32.57583333|display=inline}} | [[File:Mulago Hospital 5.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q28402499|Murchison Bay Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.29944444|32.64166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q28444827|Gombe General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.18305556|32.115|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85789162|Nile International Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.4399|33.2185|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104848927|Kasese Municipal Health Centre III]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.207941|30.107571|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104872469|Uro Care Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|0.35333333333333333|32.53527777777778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104876451|Pope John's Hospital Aber]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|2.235|32.38777777777778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104876664|Lwala Hospital Kaberamaido]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|1.8591666666666669|33.27833333333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104878305|St. Joseph’s Hospital Maracha]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|3.2380555555555555|30.921666666666667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q105605643|Ruharo Mission Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|-0.6127777777777778|30.63111111111111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q113039735|Hoima Specialized Referral Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | | {{Coord|1.4416666666666669|31.355|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227081|Abim General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Abim, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|2.69888889|33.65777778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227083|Adjumani General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Adjumani District]] | {{Coord|3.37416667|31.7925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6354247|Kalongo Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q4690976|Agago]]'' | {{Coord|3.041111|33.371111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4801989|Arua Regional Referral Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Arua]] | {{Coord|3.01944|30.9125|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16893723|Kuluva Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Arua]] | {{Coord|2.94667|30.9325|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227097|Bugiri General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Bugiri District]] | {{Coord|0.57361111|33.7425|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20047276|Paragon Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q4986229|Bugoloobi]]'' | {{Coord|0.308333|32.6269|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16895898|Nkokonjeru Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Buikwe]]<br/>[[Nkokonjeru]] | {{Coord|0.2275|32.9275|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24807579|St. Charles Lwanga Buikwe Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Buikwe]] | {{Coord|0.33916667|33.03222222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227096|Kawolo General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Buikwe District]] | {{Coord|0.36805556|32.94555556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6079935|Ishaka Adventist Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Bushenyi]] | {{Coord|-0.544445|30.137778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q124000128|St. Daniel Comboni Hospital Kyamuhunga]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Bushenyi District]] | {{Coord|-0.4578916666666667|30.130025|display=inline}} | [[File:ST. DANIEL COMBONI HOSPITAL KYAMUHUNGA UGANDA MAIN GATE ENTRANCE.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227106|Busolwe General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Butaleja District]] | {{Coord|0.84944444|33.92916667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7877584|Uganda Cancer Institute]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Central Region, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|0.34|32.5775|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q19843183|Kisubi Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Central Region, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|0.122222|32.5369|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q19903760|Case Medical Centre]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Central Region, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|0.324444|32.575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q23926488|Bombo Military Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Central Region, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|0.58638889|32.53611111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24890463|Entebbe Military Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Central Region, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|0.08361111|32.48055556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55614546|International Specialized Hospital of Uganda]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Central Region, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|0.23|32.56833333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227067|Entebbe General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Entebbe]] | {{Coord|0.06388889|32.47166667|display=inline}} | [[File:Entebbe General Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q106797105|Entebbe Children's Surgical Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Entebbe]] | {{Coord|0.08361111111111111|32.45777777777778|display=inline}} | [[File:6-13-ospedale-emergency-uganda.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q5471866|Fort Portal Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Fort Portal]] | {{Coord|0.655|30.281944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6418278|Kitojo Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Fort Portal]] | {{Coord|0.525|30.276667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7934814|Virika Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Fort Portal]] | {{Coord|0.649444|30.2725|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3825255|St. Mary's Hospital Lacor]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Gulu]] | {{Coord|2.7675|32.2531|display=inline}} | [[File:St. Mary's Lacor Hospital (Gulu District) 01.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q5617907|Gulu Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Gulu]] | {{Coord|2.7785|32.298|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5877791|Hoima Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Hoima]] | {{Coord|1.42778|31.3544|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104878066|Uganda Martyrs' Hospital Ibanda]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Ibanda, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|-0.12972222222222224|30.448611111111113|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227100|Iganga General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Iganga]] | {{Coord|0.61583333|33.48444444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6202525|Jinja Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Jinja, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|0.431111|33.205|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24886423|Kaabong General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kaabong]] | {{Coord|3.51055556|34.13166667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6343815|Kabale Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kabale]] | {{Coord|0.655|30.281944|display=inline}} | [[File:Kabale Regional Referral Hospital Children ward.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227121|Kagadi General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kagadi District]] | {{Coord|0.94166667|30.80888889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16902740|Villa Maria Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kalungu, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|-0.23|31.7433|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20047271|Kampala Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q18386821|Kampala Central Division]]'' | {{Coord|0.3325|32.5847|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6359840|Kamuli Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kamuli]] | {{Coord|0.9475|33.121111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6359842|Kamuli Mission Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kamuli]] | {{Coord|0.931944|33.129444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25067368|Kapchorwa General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kapchorwa]] | {{Coord|1.39861111|34.44722222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6346357|Kagando Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kasese]] | {{Coord|0.064167|29.8975|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q85783368|Makerere University Teaching Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q6375047|Katalemwa]]'' | {{Coord|0.3844444444444445|32.57888888888889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18387358|Kawempe General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q6379968|Kawempe]]'' | {{Coord|0.361944|32.5614|display=inline}} | [[File:Kawempe General Hospital 2016.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227075|Kayunga Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kayunga District]] | {{Coord|0.70333333|32.90388889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227078|Kiryandongo General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kiryandongo District]] | {{Coord|1.87944444|32.06194444|display=inline}} | [[File:Kiryandongo General Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q16895609|Mutolere Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kisoro]] | {{Coord|-1.2625|29.72|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60753724|CoRSU Rehabilitation Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q24054203|Kisubi]]'' | {{Coord|0.13277778|32.53555556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25067256|Kitagata General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q6417691|Kitagata]]'' | {{Coord|-0.6725|30.15111111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q23926482|St. Joseph's Hospital Kitgum]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kitgum District]] | {{Coord|3.28972222|32.8725|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q23926483|Kitgum Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kitgum District]] | {{Coord|3.29416667|32.88111111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24885600|Kyenjojo General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kyenjojo District]] | {{Coord|0.61694444|30.6375|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6557580|Lira Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Lira, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|2.251667|32.901667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q56276212|Bishop Ceaser Asili Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Luweero District]] | {{Coord|0.82555556|32.50111111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24886145|Lyantonde General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Lyantonde District]] | {{Coord|-0.40666667|31.15416667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24915808|Masafu General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q25227163|Masafu]]'' | {{Coord|0.28055556|34.11944444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6782422|Masaka Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Masaka]] | {{Coord|-0.329444|31.734444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16893518|Kitovu Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Masaka]] | {{Coord|-0.345|31.7575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24041317|Masindi General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Masindi]] | {{Coord|1.68527778|31.71333333|display=inline}} | [[File:Masindi Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q16824941|Buluba Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Mayuge District]] | {{Coord|0.49|33.385|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5014715|CURE Children's Hospital of Uganda]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Mbale, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|1.074722|34.171944|display=inline}} | [[File:Aerial View of Cure Children's Hospital, Mbale.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q6799592|Mbale Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Mbale, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|1.076944|34.176111|display=inline}} | [[File:Mbale hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q5885659|Holy Innocents Children's Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Mbarara]] | {{Coord|-0.623611|30.64|display=inline}} | [[File:Holy Innocents Children's Hospital in Mbarara Uganda 05.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q6799628|Mbarara Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Mbarara]] | {{Coord|-0.616389|30.65889|display=inline}} | [[File:Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q85784465|Mayanja Memorial Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Mbarara]] | {{Coord|-0.6158333333333333|30.661388888888887|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139586218|Neocare Specialised Hospital and Fertility Center Mbarara]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Mbarara]] | {{Coord|-0.6109055555555556|30.65814444444445|display=inline}} | [[File:Neo-Care Specialised Hospital and Fertility Center in Mbarara 03.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q23926505|Mbuya Military Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q6799827|Mbuya]]'' | {{Coord|0.325|32.62138889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227072|Mityana Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Mityana]] | {{Coord|0.39666667|32.04222222|display=inline}} | [[File:Mityana hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q6913297|Moroto Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Moroto, Idolobha]] | {{Coord|2.5325|34.6614|display=inline}} | [[File:Moroto regional referral hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q16894747|Matany Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Moroto, Idolobha]] | {{Coord|2.44444|34.395|display=inline}} | | [[File:Moroto District Uganda.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q25227107|Moyo General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Moyo, Idolobha]] | {{Coord|3.64972222|31.72722222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139669745|Kampiringisa National Rehabilitation Center]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Mpigi District]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6930885|Mubende Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Mubende]] | {{Coord|0.5675|31.393055555555556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q14956797|Nagalama Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Mukono, Idolobha]] | {{Coord|0.525|32.7825|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q23926507|Mukono Health Centre IV]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Mukono, Idolobha]] | {{Coord|0.36111111|32.74694444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6418934|Kiwoko Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Nakaseke]] | {{Coord|0.844167|32.363056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6960313|Nakaseke Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Nakaseke]] | {{Coord|0.7175|32.39861|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q20047273|Nakasero Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q16895628|Nakasero]]'' | {{Coord|0.326944|32.5794|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227099|Nakasongola Military Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Nakasongola]] | {{Coord|1.39111111|32.49805556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q22935628|Aga Khan University Hospital, Kampala]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q6960368|Nakawa Division]]'' | {{Coord|0.32583333|32.61361111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16868935|Angal Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Nebbi]] | {{Coord|2.4075|31.1925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25066519|Nebbi General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Nebbi]] | {{Coord|2.4775|31.08555556|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18353174|Ngora Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Ngora District]] | {{Coord|1.45722|33.7761|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7042637|Nkozi Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q15262424|Nkozi]]'' | {{Coord|0.0025|32.0164|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q14956813|Itojo Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Ntungamo]] | {{Coord|0.7175|32.39861111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25064575|Anaka General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Nwoya District]] | {{Coord|2.59972222|31.9475|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104875951|Holy Family Hospital Nyapea]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q31974753|Nyapea]]'' | {{Coord|2.4622222222222225|30.950555555555553|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24185307|Nyenga Mission Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q16896022|Nyenga]]'' | {{Coord|0.49|32.885|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q104903313|Pallisa General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Pallisa]] | {{Coord|1.176111111111111|33.71083333333333|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227111|Rakai General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Rakai District]] | {{Coord|-0.70527778|31.4025|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6416719|Kisiizi Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Rukungiri]] | {{Coord|-0.995833|29.962222|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q16896016|Nyakibale Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Rukungiri]] | {{Coord|-0.805|29.9319|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q24185310|Rushere Community Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | ''[[:d:Q7380808|Rushere]]'' | {{Coord|-0.49|30.385|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7563658|Soroti Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Soroti]] | {{Coord|1.71611|33.6131|display=inline}} | [[File:Soroti Regional Referral Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q55634969|Terrewode Women’s Community Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Soroti District]] | {{Coord|1.75916667|33.58694444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q25227085|Tororo General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Tororo District]] | {{Coord|0.695|34.18777778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q139670655|CoRSU Rehabilitation Hospital and Rehabilitation Centre]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Wakiso District]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q55074874|Restoration Gateway Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Western Region, Yuganda]] | {{Coord|2.22361111|32.2875|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60741610|Yumbe General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Yumbe District]] | {{Coord|3.4655555555556|31.243055555556|display=inline}} | [[File:Yumbe Hospital Admin Block.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q5002335|Butabika Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kampala|i-Kampala]] | {{Coord|0.315|32.656111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6050951|International Hospital Kampala]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kampala|i-Kampala]] | {{Coord|0.305|32.61|display=inline}} | [[File:IHK Hospital.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q6404079|Kibuli Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kampala|i-Kampala]] | {{Coord|0.309722|32.595|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6959083|Naguru General Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kampala|i-Kampala]] | {{Coord|0.329722|32.606111|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7375770|Rubaga Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kampala|i-Kampala]] | {{Coord|0.303889|32.553056|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q14956750|Mulago Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kampala|i-Kampala]] | {{Coord|0.33805556|32.57611111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|0.34132315850471756|32.57695258198059|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|0.33777778|32.57555556|display=inline}} | [[File:Aerial view of old Mulago Hospital in Uganda.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q14956789|Nsambya Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kampala|i-Kampala]] | {{Coord|0.30166667|32.585|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q14956798|Mengo Hospital]]'' | | [[IYuganda]] | [[Kampala|i-Kampala]] | {{Coord|0.31305556|32.55861111|display=inline}} | [[File:Group photo at the opening of the new Mengo Hospital, Uganda, Wellcome L0038275.jpg|center|128px]] | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 59falvcnjilkyr6liwnswb0q0kbouth 0 18552 123118 111775 2026-05-06T23:11:33Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 123118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Amee | background = solo_singer | image = Amee - Portrait - Dai Nam University - Oct 2024.jpg | caption = Amee ngo-2024 | origin = [[IHanoi]], [[IViyetnami]] | genre = {{hlist|[[Pop]]}} | instrument = {{hlist| Amazwi}} | years_active = 2018-manje | label = St.319 Entertainment | associated_acts = | website = {{URL|https://www.facebook.com/ameest319/}} | current_members = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2000|03|23}} | birth_place = [[IHanoi]], [[IViyetnami]] }} '''UTrần Huyền My''', owaziwa nangokuthi '''u-Amee''' (owazalwa ngoMashi 23, 2000) ungumculi nomlingisi wase[[IViyetnami|Vietnam]].  Uqale ukunaka izethameli ngo-2019 ngesikhathi ekhipha ingoma yakhe yokuqala ethi “Anh Nha O Dau The”. Futhi ngo-2019, uwine iGrammy Vietnam yakhe yokuqala ye- “The Best New Artist” kuma-Dedication Music Awards 2019. Lo mculi okhuphukayo uqeqeshwe iminyaka emi-4 futhi wavela ngaphansi kwe-ST.319 Entertainment. ==Uhlu lưezingoma== * Nếu mai chia tay (2018) x MONSTAR * EX'S HATE ME (2019) x B Ray x Masew * Anh nhà ở đâu thế (2019) x B Ray * Phố hàng nóng (2019) x Kay Trần * Đen đá không đường (2019) * Anh đánh rơi người yêu này (2019) ft Andiez Nam Trương * Dấu yêu vô hình (2019) x OSAD * Trời giấu trời mang đi (2019) x ViruSs * Giận Muốn Chết Đến Tết Cũng Quên(2020) (OST 30 Chưa phải Tết) x Huỳnh James * Do for love (2020) x B Ray x Masew * 1000x (Ngàn lần) (2020) x Lou Hoàng x Rhymastic * Sao anh chưa về nhà (2020) ft Ricky Star * Yêu thì yêu không yêu thì yêu (2020) * dreAMEE (album) (2020) * Ex's hate me (Part 2) (2020) * Mama boy (2020) * Em bé (2020) x Karik * Từ thích thích thành thương thương x Hoàng Dũng * Tình bạn diệu kỳ (2021) x Ricky Star x Lăng LD == Izixhumanisi zangaphandle== * [https://m.facebook.com/ameest319/|Facebook]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://instagram.com/ameemee_m?igshid=1uq8d1fp0zg7p|Instagram] * [https://chungchitienganhtinhoc.net/ English online courses]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}: English subtitles of Amee's song [[Category:Abantu abaphilayo]] [[Category:Abaculi]] njwmu8xf4nowx9ba3bxstji82qcohsl 1 19182 123136 74377 2026-05-07T10:48:26Z Fongcwele 16873 Fongcwele moved page [[Talk:Abayizithulu]] to [[Talk:Ubuthulu]] 74377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk page}} 5rgj5vm65gh0vuwdsy7fseslccjymut 2 26583 123125 122733 2026-05-07T05:25:21Z ListeriaBot 10758 Wikidata list updated [V2] 123125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?from ?to WHERE { ?item p:P39 ?position . ?position ps:P39 wd:Q98795771 OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P580 ?from } OPTIONAL { ?position pq:P582 ?to } } |section= |sort=?from |sort_order=desc |one_row_per_item=no |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,?from:Start date,?to:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | ''[[:d:Q107361984|Albert Shingiro]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 2020-06-30 | 2023-10-11 | [[File:Burundian Minister of Foreign Affairs Albert Shingiro.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5423116|Ezechiel Nibigira]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 2018-04-19 | 2020-06-28 | [[File:Burundian Minister of Foreign Affairs Ezéchiel Nibigira.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q27204810|Alain Aimé Nyamitwe]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 2015-05-18 | 2018-04-19 | [[File:Alain Aimé Nyamitwe 1 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q6501150|Laurent Kavakure]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 2011-11-01 | 2015-05-18 | |- | ''[[:d:Q767984|Augustin Nsanze]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 2009-01-01 | 2011-11-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q2856973|Antoinette Batumubwira]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 2005-01-01 | 2009-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q3527314|Therence Sinunguruza]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 2001-01-01 | 2005-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7457884|Severin Ntahomvukiye]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1998-01-01 | 2001-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q98804622|Luc Rukingama]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1996-01-01 | 1998-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q98804644|Paul Munyembari]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1995-01-01 | 1995-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7944527|Vénérand Bakevyumusaya]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1995-01-01 | 1996-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q98804483|Jean-Marie Ngendahayo]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1993-01-01 | 1993-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q108292431|Cyprien Mbonimpa]]'' | | | 1987-01-01 | 1992-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q108292430|Egide Nkuriyingoma]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1986-01-01 | 1987-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q108292429|Albert Muganga]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1976-01-01 | 1978-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q108292428|Gilles Bimazubute]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1974-01-01 | 1975-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q107292085|Artémon Simbananiye]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1971-01-01 | 1974-01-01 | [[File:Artemon Simbananiye cropped.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q108292426|Libère Ndabakwaje]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1969-01-01 | 1971-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q108292425|Lazare Ntawurishira]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1967-01-01 | 1969-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q108292424|Prime Niyongabo]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1967-01-01 | 1967-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q108292423|Marc Manirakiza]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1965-01-01 | 1966-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q108292422|Joseph Mbazumutima]]'' | | | 1964-01-01 | 1965-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q108292421|Lorgio Nimubona]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | 1962-01-01 | 1963-01-01 | |- | ''[[:d:Q6812002|Melchior Bwakira]]'' | | [[I-Eritrea]]<br/>[[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | | | [[File:Bwakira Melchior.png|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q720180|Pié Masumbuko]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q659640|Sylvestre Ntibantunganya]]'' | usombusazwe, IBurundi | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | | | [[File:Visit of Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, President of Burundi, to the EC (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q282359|Michel Micombero]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | | | [[File:Republic of Burundi 4th anniversary stamp 1970 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q274420|Édouard Nzambimana]]'' | | [[IBhurundi|IBurundi]] | | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} t9qi1eshj9781swski8hfyxnx3xtbs3 0 28957 123124 118323 2026-05-07T01:09:36Z InternetArchiveBot 15036 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 123124 wikitext text/x-wiki Inani lezisulu zokudlwengulwa noma ezinye izehlakalo zodlame locansi ngabesilisa.Ngokomlando, ukudlwengulwa kwakucatshangwa ukuthi kuyicala elenziwa kuphela kubantu besifazane.Le nkolelo isabanjiwe kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, kepha '''ukudlwengulwa kwabesilisa''' manje sekuyicala lobugebengu futhi sekuxoxiswane kakhulu kunakuqala. [[File:Rape of the Sabine Women 1583 by Giambologna at the Loggia dei Lanzi in Florence Italy MH 01.jpg|Rape_of_the_Sabine_Women_1583_by_Giambologna_at_the_Loggia_dei_Lanzi_in_Florence_Italy_MH_01]] Kudlwengulwa kwabesilisa namanje Taboo, futhi isetshenziswe ngomqondo ongathandeki phakathi kwabobulili futhi zobungqingili amadoda.Abahlinzeki bomphakathi nabahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo bavame ukusabela ngendlela ehlukile kubantu abahlukunyezwayo besilisa ngokuya ngesimo sabo sobulili kanye nobulili babenzi babo. <ref>Davies, 2002</ref>Kungaba nzima kulabo abahlukunyezwayo besilisa ukubika ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ababhekana nakho, ikakhulukazi emphakathini onomkhuba oqinile wobudoda.Bangesaba ukuthi abantu bazokungabaza ukuthanda kwabo ezocansi futhi bababize ngobungqingili, ikakhulukazi uma bedlwengulwe owesilisa, noma ukuthi bangabonwa njengabangewona abesilisa ngenxa yokuthi bayisisulu. Isikhathi esiningi, izisulu zesilisa zizama ukufihla ziphike ukuhlukunyezwa kwazo, ngokufana nezisulu zabesifazane, ngaphandle kwalapho zilimele kakhulu emzimbeni.Ekugcineni, izisulu zabesilisa zingase zingacaci kahle ekuchazeni ukulimala kwabo lapho befuna usizo lwezempilo noma lwezengqondo. <ref name="richard">Richard Tewksbury. Department of Justice Administration, University of Louisville. [http://www.prearesourcecenter.org/sites/default/files/library/effectsofsexualassaultsonmen-physicalmentalandsexualconsequences.pdf Effects on Sexual Assaults on Men: Physical, Mental and Sexual Consequences]. International Journal of Men's Health, Vol 6, No 1, Spring 2007.</ref> == Ucwaningo nezibalo == === Jikelele === [[File:US_Sexual_Victimization_2014.png|right|thumb|450x450px| Uma ubheka imithombo eyahlukene yohlolo lukahulumeni, unyaka onikeziwe iziboshwa zabantu abadala nezentsha kulinganiselwa ukuthi zihlushwe kaningana izehlakalo zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kunabesifazane ababoshiwe. Iziboshwa zabesilisa nabesifazane azifakiwe ocwaningweni oluningi lukazwelonke lokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi. <ref name="Stemple">{{Cite journal|last1=Stemple|first1=Lara|last2=Meyer|first2=Ilan H.|title=The Sexual Victimization of Men in America: New Data Challenge Old Assumptions|journal=American Journal of Public Health|date=June 2014|volume=104|issue=6|pages=e19–26|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2014.301946|pmid=24825225|pmc=4062022}}</ref>]] Ucwaningo mayelana nokudlwengulwa kwabantu besilisa lwalusanda kuqala ukuvela ngo-1980, lugxile kakhulu ezinganeni zesilisa.Izifundo zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ezikhungweni zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo ezigxile ikakhulukazi emiphumeleni yalolu hlobo lokudlwengula zazitholakala ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980, kodwa akukho okwakutholakala eminyakeni eyedlule.Iningi lezincwadi eziphathelene nokudlwengulwa nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi ligxile kakhulu kubantu abahlukunyeziwe. <ref name="richard"/> == Izinganekwane eziphathelene nezisulu zabesilisa zokudlwengulwa == === Abesilisa ababisengozini === Ngokuzihlanganisa ngokobulili besilisa, kucatshangwa ukuthi abesilisa, noma besilisa abasebasha, abakwazi ukuba yizisulu zokudlwengulwa, noma nokuthi basengozini. Kweminye imiphakathi, kuthathwa njengokuyihlazo nokungabi yindoda uma kukhala umntwana wesilisa, ngoba inkolelo-mbono yabesilisa iveza abesilisa bekwazi ukuzivikela, okungenzeka kungabi njalo. <ref name="hurt">Hidden Hurt. 2011. [http://www.hiddenhurt.co.uk/male_victims_of_domestic_violence.html Male Victims of Domestic Violence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908235111/http://www.hiddenhurt.co.uk/male_victims_of_domestic_violence.html |date=2023-09-08 }}.</ref>Abafana abancane bangaba buthakathaka futhi babe sengozini yezelelesi, ezivame ukuba namandla. Abenzi bokubi bangasebenzisa noma yini abanayo ukuhlukumeza ingane, kufaka phakathi imali noma okunye ukufumbathiswa. <ref name="male">Male Survivor.[http://www.malesurvivor.org/myths.html Male Sexual Victimization Myths & Facts] {{Webarchive}}.</ref>Owesilisa osekhulile naye angaba namandla okuzilwela, noma esabe ukukwenza lokho ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka aboshwe ngokushaya kanye / noma ngebhethri ngenxa yezindinganiso eziphindwe kabili zomphakathi maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla ekuzivikeleni phakathi kobulili, kwezinye izimo abenzi bobubi besifazane (le ndlela ephindwe kabili iyafana nokukhathazeka kokuzivikela kwabesilisa ekuhlukunyezweni ngokocansi ngabesifazane). === Abesilisa bahlala befuna ucansi === Inkolelo ejwayelekile yomphakathi ukuthi owesilisa kufanele avuswe uma ethola ukwakheka noma enesitho, ngakho-ke lokho kusho ukuthi uzimisele futhi ujabulela noma yimuphi umsebenzi wobulili. Roy J. Levin noWilly Van Berlo babhale ku-athikili ku- ''Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine'' ukuthi ukukhuthazwa okuncane kwezitho zangasese noma ukucindezeleka kungadala ukuphazamiseka "yize kungekho ukukhuthazwa kocansi okuthile okukhona".Ukwakhiwa akusho ukuthi amadoda ayavuma ukuya ocansini. <ref name="cnn">Sarah LeTrent. October 10, 2013. CNN, [http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/09/living/chris-brown-female-on-male-rape/ Against his will: Female-on-male rape].</ref>Abesilisa bangathola ama-erections noma ezimeni zocansi ezihlukumezayo noma ezibuhlungu, futhi lokhu akubonisi ukuvuma. Ngokufana nempendulo ye-erectile yabesifazane, impendulo yomuntu <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Sexual molestation of men by women|year=1982}}</ref>okusho ukuthi indoda ayidingi ukuvuswa ukuze ipipi layo liqine; ukukhuthazwa kwemishini konke okudingekayo.Ukuvuka nokuvuselela izinto ezihlukile.Ukukhuthazeka kuyimpendulo ebonakalayo ekuvuseleleni.Amadoda angakhuthazwa ngokomzimba ngaphandle kokuzizwa evukile futhi ngaleyo ndlela abangele ukwakhiwa.Abesilisa bangesaba futhi besatshiswe ukwakhiwa, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu emdala noma eyisiphathimandla. === Ukuya ocansini === UHenry Leak, usihlalo wenhlangano iSurvivors, uthe ukudlwengulwa kwabesilisa, njengabesifazane, kuhlobene kakhulu namandla kunokuya ocansini, futhi akwenzeki kuphela ngaphakathi komphakathi wobungqingili. <ref name="independent">Kathy Marks. 15 October 1992. The Independent, [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/man-abducted-from-train-and-raped-1557478.html Man abducted from train and raped].</ref> Ukuya ocansini kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi iningi labenzi bobubi besilisa abafuna abafana ababona ongqingili. == Ngesikhathi sokulwa kuhlonyiwe ==   Ukudlwengulwa kwabesilisa ngesikhathi sempi kubikwe ukuthi kudlangile kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, [[IKhongo-Kinshasa|njengeDemocratic Republic of Congo]], esanda kuba nezimpi zombango . <ref name="Melhado">{{Cite journal|last=Melhado|first=L.|title=Rates of Sexual Violence Are High in Democratic Republic of the Congo|journal=International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health|volume=36|pages=210|number=4|year=2010|jstor=41038670}}</ref> <ref name="Autesserre">{{Cite journal|last=Autesserre|first=Séverine|title=Dangerous Tales: Dominant Narratives on the Congo and their Unintended Consequences|journal=African Affairs|volume=111|year=2012|pages=202–222}}</ref> E-Afrika yonkana, amadoda adlwengulwayo avamise ukubhekana nokucwaswa emphakathini nokugconwa ngokuthi “abuthaka” nokwehluleka ukuvimbela ukudlwengulwa.Bangasolwa [[Isitabane|nangobungqingili]] (okuyinto engekho emthethweni emazweni amaningi esifunda).Isibonelo, lapho ababaleki besilisa abavela eCongo befuna ukwelashwa e-Uganda, bashushiswa ngobungqingili, ''kubika i-The Economist'' ngo-2012. Enyakatho ye-Uganda, eminyakeni edlule kube nokuhlaselwa okuqhubekayo ngamaqembu amavukelambuso emelene namabutho kahulumeni.Phakathi nalezi zingxabano, amadoda avamile ahlaselwe kaningi, athunjwa, adlwengulwa futhi aphoqeleka ukuba alwele amaqembu amavukelambuso.Izisulu zokudlwengulwa zivame ukubhekana nokuhlukumezeka okukhulu ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo ngenxa yesipiliyoni sabo. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2019}}</ref> == Imiphumela == === Imiphumela yomzimba === Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kubanga ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu ngokomzwelo futhi kaningi ngokomzimba . <ref name="male2">Male Survivor. [http://www.malesurvivor.org/survivors.html Survivors] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233233/http://www.malesurvivor.org/survivors.html |date=2016-03-03 }}.</ref>Kubantu abahlukunyezwa ngokocansi abangaphezu kuka-18, 31.5% wabesifazane kanye nabesilisa abangu-16.1% bathe balimale ngaphandle kwezitho zangasese kulokhu kuhlaselwa. <ref>National Institute of Justice. 2006. Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Rape Victimization: Findings From the National Violence Against Women Survey.</ref> Izisulu zesilisa zathola ukulimala okuthe xaxa futhi zazisengozini enkulu yokwesatshiswa ngesikhali ngumenzi wobubi.Izimpawu nokulimala okuqapheleka kakhulu ikhanda elibuhlungu, izilonda, isicanucanu, i-colitis, imihuzuko yomphimbo, amehlo amnyama namathambo aphukile.Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngabakwaStermac nozakwabo (2004) luphawule ukuthi ama-45% ezisulu zabesilisa abaya esikhungweni sokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi esibhedlela banezinhlobo ezithile zokulimala ngokomzimba (25% ukulimala kwezicubu ezithambile , ukuqaqeka okungu-20%). <ref name="irish">Deborah Condon. April 4th 2014. Irish Health. [http://www.irishhealth.com/article.html?id=23456 Male rape 'still a taboo subject'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308103109/http://www.irishhealth.com/article.html?id=23456 |date=2018-03-08 }}. Comments of Dr Maeve Eogan and Deirdra Richardson in ''Modern Medicine, the Irish Journal of Clinical Medicine''.</ref> <ref name="richard"/> <ref name="independent"/> <ref name="donald">S. McDonald and A. Tijerino (Research and Statistics Division-Department of Justice Canada. 2013. [http://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/victim/rr13_8/rr13_8.pdf Male Survivors of Sexual Abuse and Assault: Their Experiences] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912080017/https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/rp-pr/cj-jp/victim/rr13_8/rr13_8.pdf |date=2023-09-12 }}.</ref> ==== Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ==== Uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa abangakaze bahlukunyezwe ngokocansi, amadoda ahlukunyezwa ngokocansi ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-18 asengozini enkulu yokuba nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo, kufaka phakathi izimpawu zesifo sokucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele nokudangala; ukuphuza ngokweqile nokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa; imicabango yokuzibulala nemizamo yokuzibulala; izinkinga ebuhlotsheni obuseduze; nokungaphumeleli kahle esikoleni nasemsebenzini. <ref name="1in6">1in6.org. [https://1in6.org/the-1-in-6-statistic/ The 1 in 6 Statistic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324154255/http://1in6.org/the-1-in-6-statistic/ |date=2017-03-24 }}.</ref> Ngenxa yokulindelwa ubulili, ukuba yisisulu sengane yesilisa yokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi kungaholela ku: <ref>Living Well. [http://www.livingwell.org.au/managing-difficulties/dealing-with-the-effects/ Dealing with the effects] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605015708/https://livingwell.org.au/managing-difficulties/dealing-with-the-effects/ |date=2023-06-05 }}.</ref> # Ingcindezi yokufakazela ubudoda bakhe ngokomzimba nangokobulili (ukuqina nokuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okuyingozi noma okunodlame; ukuba nabalingani abaningi besifazane ocansini). # Ukudideka ngobulili nobunikazi bobulili. # Umuzwa wokuba yindoda enganele. # Umuzwa wamandla alahlekile, ukulawula nokuzethemba ebudodeni bakhe. # Izinkinga ngokusondelana nokusondelana. # Izinkinga zocansi. <ref group="note">William H. Masters in his study (1986) finds sexual dysfunction and disorder to the men who have been raped by women. He may also been unable to respond his female partner physically, even to two years after the raping. They lost their "sense of personal dignity and confidence in [their] masculinity." ("Sexual dysfunction as an aftermath of sexual assault of men by women", Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 12, no. 1: 35–45. Cited from Jai Vipra. July 2013. CCS working Paper #286, [http://ccsinternship.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/286_case-for-gender-neutral-rape-laws-in-india_jaai-vipra.pdf A Case for Gender-Neutral Rape Laws in India].)</ref> # Ukwesaba ukuba 'ngongqingili' noma 'isitabane'. # Ukuthandana nabantu bobulili obufanayo . === Ukwelapha === Izisulu zokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi zidinga ukwelashwa okukhulu ngokomzwelo nangokwengqondo ngemuva kokudlwengulwa, kodwa abasindile besilisa akunakwenzeka ukuthi bawakhulume amacala abo.U-Elizabeth Donovan, udokotela wezifo zengqondo, uthe; "Abesilisa banomthwalo owengeziwe wokubhekana nomphakathi ongakholelwa ukuthi ukudlwengulwa kungenzeka kubo ... nakancane." <ref name="cnn"/> [[Category:Ukudlwengulwa]] [[Category:Ukudlwengulwa kwamadoda]] [[Category:Ubulili besilisa]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rxlgw9goqfrlv86acvjk2y0nu9ox0g9 0 32622 123130 111503 2026-05-07T09:42:50Z Fongcwele 16873 123130 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Adolf Hitler cropped restored.jpg|thumb|U-Adolf Hitler]] '''U-Adolf Hitler''' (20 March 1889 - 30 March 1945) wayengusombusazwe ongumJalimane owazalelwa ezweni lase-Austriya, owayenguShansela kusukela ngo-1933 kuya ku-1945. Wabusa njengomashiqela ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Wazibulala lapho iJalimane ihlulwa empini. Wakhuphukela esikhundleni sokuba umholi weqembu lamaNazi, futhi wahola izwe njengoShansela ngowe-1933, khona lapho wazibiza ngesiqu esithi ''Führer und Reichskanzler'' ngowe-1934. Lapho iJalimani ihlasela elasePholandi mhla zilu-1 kuSeptemba 1939 ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, kwaba isiqalo sokuqubuka kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Kuso sonke isikhathi sempi, uHitler wazibandakanya ngokuqondile esiqondweni esithathwa umbutho wezempi waseJalimani nemigidingo yawo futhi waba neqhaza elikhulu ekulungiseleleni umqothulo (holocaust), ukuqothulwa kwesizwe samaJuda abalelwa kwayizigidi eziyisithupha nezinye izisulu eziyizigidi ezihlanganisa amakholwa, amambuka nabantu abansundu. UHitler wazalelwa eBraunau am Inn eseAustria-Hungary futhi wafudukela eJalimani ngowe-1913. Wahlomuliswa ngeziqu ngenxa yenkonzo yakhe embuthweni waseJalimani eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala, ehlomuliswa ngeziqu zesiPhambano seNsimbi. Ngowe-1919, waziqhaza neNhlangano Yabasebenzi BaseJalimani (DAP), eyandulela iqembu lamaNazi, futhi ngowe-1921, waqokwa njengomholi weqembu lamaNazi. Ngowe-1923, wazama ukugwamanda amandla ngokuketula uhulumeni, kodwa wahluleka futhi wagwetshwa iminyaka emihlanu, kodwa wahlala owodwa ejele. Ngenkathi esejele, wayaleza ukulotshwa komqulu wokuqala wencwadi yakhe eyisichazampilo kanye nesimemezelo sezombusazwe esibizwa ''Mein Kampf'' ( 'UMzabalazo Wami'). Ngemuva kokukhululwa kwakhe ngokushesha ngowe-1924, waba nesibunge futhi waxhaswa abantu ngokuthi ahlasele isivumelwane sase-Versailles (Treaty of Versailles) futhi aqhakamise ubuzwe bamaJalimani, ubutha nabakaShemi, kanye nobutha namakhomanisi esebenzisa ubugwilikinci bamaNazi nokuqephuza. Wayejinge ukuhlaba ubukhomanisis njengobuyingxenye yephako nozungu lamaJuda. NgoNovemba we-1932, iqembu lamaNazi lalinezihlalo eziningi esiShayamthetho esibizwa ''Reichstag'', kodwa lalingenabo ubuningi. OwayenguShansela uFranz von Papen nabanye osombusazwe abangomyamuva bagculisa umengameli uPaul von Hindenburg ukuba aqoke uHitler njengoShansela mhla zingama-30 kuJanuary we-1933. Kamuva mhla zingama-23 kuMarch, i''Reichstag'' yaguyaza uMthetho Ovumelayo (Enabling Act of 1933), okuyiwona owasungula izinguquko zokuthi iMibusosobala yaseWeimar kube iJalimani lamaNazi. Lapho kushona uHindenburg mhla zi-2 kuAugust we1934, uHitler wamenana njengenhloko yombuso futhi waqhubeka waguqula elamaJalimani kwaba ubushiqela bendlovu kayiphikiswa. Phakathi ezweni, uHitler wagununda izinqubomgomo ezicwasayo futhi wafuna ukugodusa nokubulala amaJuda waseJalimani. Iminyaka eyisithupha esemandleni yaletha uzinzo nokusimama komnotho ekufadalaleni okukhulu, nokususwa kwemigoqo eyayibekelwe iJalmani ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, nokudliwa kwezindawo okwakuhlala kuzo izigidi zamaJalimani ohlanga, nokwamenza wathandwa nakakhulu. == Imithombo == {{reflist}} [[Category:Abazalwa nge-1889]] g35un8ypz2nihosk12f718uwz7tcvfr 123132 123130 2026-05-07T10:06:22Z Fongcwele 16873 123132 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Adolf Hitler cropped restored.jpg|thumb|U-Adolf Hitler]] '''U-Adolf Hitler''' (20 March 1889 - 30 March 1945) wayengusombusazwe ongumJalimane owazalelwa ezweni lase-Austriya, owayenguShansela kusukela ngo-1933 kuya ku-1945. Wabusa njengomashiqela ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Wazibulala lapho iJalimane ihlulwa empini. Wakhuphukela esikhundleni sokuba umholi weqembu lamaNazi, futhi wahola izwe njengoShansela ngowe-1933, khona lapho wazibiza ngesiqu esithi ''Führer und Reichskanzler'' ngowe-1934. Lapho iJalimani ihlasela elasePholandi mhla zilu-1 kuSeptemba 1939 ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, kwaba isiqalo sokuqubuka kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Kuso sonke isikhathi sempi, uHitler wazibandakanya ngokuqondile esiqondweni esithathwa umbutho wezempi waseJalimani nemigidingo yawo futhi waba neqhaza elikhulu ekulungiseleleni umqothulo (holocaust), ukuqothulwa kwesizwe samaJuda abalelwa kwayizigidi eziyisithupha nezinye izisulu eziyizigidi ezihlanganisa amakholwa, amambuka nabantu abansundu. UHitler wazalelwa eBraunau am Inn eseAustria-Hungary futhi wafudukela eJalimani ngowe-1913. Wahlomuliswa ngeziqu ngenxa yenkonzo yakhe embuthweni waseJalimani eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala, ehlomuliswa ngeziqu zesiPhambano seNsimbi. Ngowe-1919, waziqhaza neNhlangano Yabasebenzi BaseJalimani (DAP), eyandulela iqembu lamaNazi, futhi ngowe-1921, waqokwa njengomholi weqembu lamaNazi. Ngowe-1923, wazama ukugwamanda amandla ngokuketula uhulumeni, kodwa wahluleka futhi wagwetshwa iminyaka emihlanu, kodwa wahlala owodwa ejele. Ngenkathi esejele, wayaleza ukulotshwa komqulu wokuqala wencwadi yakhe eyisichazampilo kanye nesimemezelo sezombusazwe esibizwa ''Mein Kampf'' ( 'UMzabalazo Wami'). Ngemuva kokukhululwa kwakhe ngokushesha ngowe-1924, waba nesibunge futhi waxhaswa abantu ngokuthi ahlasele isivumelwane sase-Versailles (Treaty of Versailles) futhi aqhakamise ubuzwe bamaJalimani, ubutha nabakaShemi, kanye nobutha namakhomanisi esebenzisa ubugwilikinci bamaNazi nokuqephuza. Wayejinge ukuhlaba ubukhomanisis njengobuyingxenye yephako nozungu lamaJuda. NgoNovemba we-1932, iqembu lamaNazi lalinezihlalo eziningi esiShayamthetho esibizwa ''Reichstag'', kodwa lalingenabo ubuningi. OwayenguShansela uFranz von Papen nabanye osombusazwe abangomyamuva bagculisa umengameli uPaul von Hindenburg ukuba aqoke uHitler njengoShansela mhla zingama-30 kuJanuary we-1933. Kamuva mhla zingama-23 kuMarch, i''Reichstag'' yaguyaza uMthetho Ovumelayo (Enabling Act of 1933), okuyiwona owasungula izinguquko zokuthi iMibusosobala yaseWeimar kube iJalimani lamaNazi. Lapho kushona uHindenburg mhla zi-2 kuAugust we1934, uHitler wamenana njengenhloko yombuso futhi waqhubeka waguqula elamaJalimani kwaba ubushiqela bendlovu kayiphikiswa. Phakathi ezweni, uHitler wagununda izinqubomgomo ezicwasayo futhi wafuna ukugodusa nokubulala amaJuda waseJalimani. Iminyaka eyisithupha esemandleni yaletha uzinzo nokusimama komnotho ekufadalaleni okukhulu, nokususwa kwemigoqo eyayibekelwe iJalmani ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, nokudliwa kwezindawo okwakuhlala kuzo izigidi zamaJalimani ohlanga, nokwamenza wathandwa nakakhulu. Enye impokophelo kaHitler yayibizwa ''Lebensraum'' ( 'Indwo yokuhlala') okwakuzoba eyamaJalimani aseMpuma neYurophu. Inqubomgomo yakhe yezangaphandle yokuhlasela, nokwandisa izwe ithathwa njengesisusa esiyinhloko seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala eYurophu. Mhla zilu-1 kuSeptember we-1939, uHitler wengamela ukuhlaselwa kwelasePholandi, kanjalo wabangela elaseBrithani nelaseFransi ukuba amemezele empi ngokumelene neJalimani. Ngemuva kokuyalela ukuba kuhlaselwe elaseRashiya (Soviet Union) ngoJuni we-1941, wamemezela impi ngokumelene neMelika ngoDisemba walowo nyaka. Ngasekupheleni kowe-1941, amabutho aseJalimani nabasekeli bawo babethethe lonke elaseYurophu neNyakatho ne-Afrika. Lezi zinzuzo zagushuzwa futhi zahlehliswa emva kowe-19141 kwaze kwaba yilapho amabutho ahlangene ehlula umbutho wezempi waseJalimani gowe-1945. Mhla zingama-29 ku-April we-1945, uHitler washada nesinqandamathe sakhe, u-Eva Braun, bengaphansi kwe- ''Führerbunker'' eBerlin. Bazibulala ngosuku olulandelayo ukuze bagweme ukuboshwa amabutho aseRashiya. Usomlando nesichazimlando u-Ian Kershaw wachazisa uHitler "njengengqikithi yobubi bezombusazwe banamuhla". Ngaphansi kubuholi bukaHitler nenkolelombono yokucwasa, isilawulazwe samaNazi saba necala lokuqothla isizwe samaJuda nezigidi zabanye abantu ababebizwa ngokuthi ''Untermenschen'' ( 'osingamuntu') noma abangafunwa. UHitler namaNazi babenecala lokubulala abantu neziboshwa zempi eziyizigidi ezili-19.3. Ngaphezulu, amagumgedlela nabantu abayizigidi ezingama-28.7 babulawa ngenxa yokulwa. == Imithombo == {{reflist}} [[Category:Abazalwa nge-1889]] 76uzttnfucts3wi6awi85gwisdnbcku 0 32746 123100 123031 2026-05-06T14:05:39Z Fongcwele 16873 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Themeramisin|Themeramisin]] ([[User talk:Themeramisin|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] 112291 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iso''' liyisitho esinezinzwa ezivumela [[IziPhili|isiphili]] ukuba sishwaye ukwaziswa okubonwayo . Iso lihlonga [[ukukhanya]] bese likuguqule kube izimpithi zenzubavanga [[INzwa|ezinzweni]]. Liyingxenye yesimiso sokubona somzimba . Eziphilini eziphakeme, iso liwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi [[Ezomkhanyizo|lokubona]] oluqoqa ukukhanya okuvela endaweni ezungezile, lilawule ukuqina kwakho nge- diaphragm, likuhlozinge ngokuhlanganiswa okulungisekayo kwezififiyela ukuze akhe unfanekiso, liguqule lowo mfanekiso kube iqoqo leziyabizo zamazuba, bese lifufukisela lezo ziyabizo [[Ubuchopho|ebuchosheni]] ngemigudu yezinzwa exhuma iso ngemithambo yeso iqonde odlebeni lokubona nakwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho. n80wqnb2035hbeuqstb57729t5csqa7 123101 123100 2026-05-06T14:09:28Z Fongcwele 16873 123101 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Eye iris.jpg|thumb]] '''Iso''' liyisitho esinezinzwa ezivumela [[IziPhili|isiphili]] ukuba sishwaye ukwaziswa okubonwayo . Iso lihlonga [[ukukhanya]] bese likuguqule kube izimpithi zenzubavanga [[INzwa|ezinzweni]]. Liyingxenye yesimiso sokubona somzimba . Eziphilini eziphakeme, iso liwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi [[Ezomkhanyizo|lokubona]] oluqoqa ukukhanya okuvela endaweni ezungezile, lilawule ukuqina kwakho nge- diaphragm, likuhlozinge ngokuhlanganiswa okulungisekayo kwezififiyela ukuze akhe unfanekiso, liguqule lowo mfanekiso kube iqoqo leziyabizo zamazuba, bese lifufukisela lezo ziyabizo [[Ubuchopho|ebuchosheni]] ngemigudu yezinzwa exhuma iso ngemithambo yeso iqonde odlebeni lokubona nakwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho. 5aqephsbvnnqttnu67l71eo993055dz 0 33576 123086 119454 2026-05-06T12:01:59Z Mzwandile Loyi-Naziri Ntshele 20389 Added a link 123086 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umbuso waseNhlangwini''' ungomunye wemibuso eyavela ngaphansi kobukhosi bakwaDlamini. Ngokwemibhalo yomlando wesintu, isizwe sakwaDlamini saziwa ngokuthi '''abaseMbo''' ngenxa yemvelaphi yaso esendaweni ebizwa ngokuthi [[Mombasa]] okuthiwa kwakunetshe elaziwa ngokuthi ''itshe leMbo'' elalisetshenziswa ukwenza imikhonto nezinto zokuhloba.<ref name="Ilanga2009">{{cite news |last=Khuzwayo |first=Mbongeni |title=Ithemba ngobuNgonyama baseNhlangwini |newspaper=Ilanga |date=31 August – 2 September 2009 |language=zu }}</ref> == Umsuka Wesizwe == Ngokomlando obhalwe nguMbongeni Khuzwayo ephephandabeni ''[[Ilanga(iphephandaba)|Ilanga]]'', isizwe sakwaDlamini sathutha sisuka eMbo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi namadlelo emfuyo, sawela umfula iBhagani, safinyelela endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi [[Mozambique]].<ref name="Ilanga2009" /> Ngaleso sikhathi babephethwe yiNkosi uLusibakhulu, olandelwa yiNkosi uDlamini wesibili (uDlamini II), ozalwa nguMkhulunkosi kaMswati wokuqala.<ref name="Ilanga2009" /> UDlamini II wasuka eMozambique, wadlula ezintabeni zoBombo, wakha eduze komfula [[Umfula uPhongolo|uPhongolo]], wadlula [[UMFULA INCOME|eNcome]], wagcina emisa phansi kwentaba [[Intaba uLenge|uLenge]] phakathi kwemifula [[Umfula uThukela|uThukela]] no[[Umfula uMzinyathi|Mzinyathi]].<ref name="Ilanga2009" /> == Izindlu Zasebukhosini == INkosi uDlamini II yayinoNdlunkulu abane, kwasungulwa izindlu ezine: * Indlu yaseKunene * Indlu yaseMakhuzheni * Indlu yaseSiphahleni * Indlu yaseNhlangwini Ngenxa yobukhulu bomhlaba, lezi zindlu zabelwa ubukhosi, kwavela amakhosi amaningi akwaDlamini.<ref name="Ilanga2009" /> === Indlu yaseNhlangwini === Indlu yaseNhlangwini yasungulwa ngozalo lukaMakhata, indodana kaDlamini II. UMakhata wazala uTiba noMabandla. Ngemuva kokukhothama kweNkosi uTiba, umfowabo uMabandla wabamba isikhundla ngokwesiko lokungenwa koNdlunkulu bomfowabo.<ref name="Ilanga2009" /> KwaMaSosibo kwazalwa uMencwa, kwathi kwaMaMkhize kwazalwa uMnwana. Kwavunyelwana ngokuthi ubukhosi bunikezwe uMencwa, kwathi uMabandla wabelwa ingxenye yomhlaba waseNhlangwini, kwavela amakhosi amabili ngaphakathi koMbuso waseNhlangwini.<ref name="Ilanga2009" /> Uzalo lukaMencwa lwaqhubeka ngoGansa, uNombewu, noFodo. ENdlini kaMabandla kwalandela uMhwebi, uNongcama, uSikwashe, uBaleni, noSidoyi.<ref name="Ilanga2009" /> == Isikhathi seMfecane == Ngo-1818, ezinye izindlu zakwaDlamini (abaseKunene, abaseMakhuzeni nabaseSiphahleni) zafuduka noNgoza zaya emaMpondweni, kwahlakazeka umbuso wakwaDlamini. UNombewu wasala oThukela, wahlanganisa izizwe eziningi ngaphansi kwakhe.<ref name="Ilanga2009" /> Ngesikhathi se-[[Mfecane]], lapho [[Shaka|uShaka kaSenzangakhona]] enweba umbuso wakwaZulu, iNkosi uNombewu nayo yanweba umbuso waseNhlangwini, yanqoba izizwe eziningi phakathi kwemifula uMngeni noMzimkhulu.<ref name="Ilanga2009" /> == Imithombo == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Imibuso yakwaZulu-Natal]] [[Category:Imibuso yangaphambi kwekoloni eNingizimu Afrika]] [[Category:Umlando wamaNguni]] fncopurcp5f7hztsjbwx8gyqp4wq6uk 1 34175 123098 123036 2026-05-06T13:53:47Z Fongcwele 16873 /* IsiXhosa home language */ Reply 123098 wikitext text/x-wiki == IsiXhosa home language == imfundo [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-26989-87|&#126;2026-26989-87]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-26989-87|talk]]) 08:46, 4 uNhlaba 2026 (UTC) :Ninjani @[[User:~2026-26989-87|~2026-26989-87]], ngiyethemba uyaphila. niyethemba ubonile ukuthi leli khasi lisebenzisa ulimi lesiZulu hhayi isiXhosa. Uma ufuna iWikiphidiya yesiXhosa ungangena lapha xh.wikipedia.org [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 13:53, 6 uNhlaba 2026 (UTC) 9ieuaqilvp6yva26cm1ewukrxzqgw8p 123099 123098 2026-05-06T14:02:04Z Fongcwele 16873 123099 wikitext text/x-wiki == IsiXhosa home language == imfundo [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-26989-87|&#126;2026-26989-87]] ([[User talk:&#126;2026-26989-87|talk]]) 08:46, 4 uNhlaba 2026 (UTC) :Ninjani @[[User:~2026-26989-87|~2026-26989-87]], ngiyethemba uyaphila. niyethemba ubonile ukuthi leli khasi lisebenzisa ulimi lesiZulu hhayi isiXhosa. Uma ufuna iWikiphidiya yesiXhosa ungangena lapha [[xh:wikipedia]] [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 13:53, 6 uNhlaba 2026 (UTC) cb7o0eky85b22pglg09wqa9a0ybw331 0 34180 123089 123071 2026-05-06T12:49:37Z Fongcwele 16873 123089 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SA elections national ballot.jpg|thumb|upright|Iphepha lokukhetha lowezi-2009.]] Ukhetho oluvamile olwaluseNingizimu Afrika mhla zingama-22 ku-April ngowezi-2009 ukuze kukhethwe amalungu esiShayamthetho sikaZwelonke saseNingizimu Africa kanye nezishayamthetho zezifundazwe. Lolu kwakulukhetho jikelele lwesine selokhu kwaphela inkathi [[UBandlululo|yobandlululo]] eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent Online |first= |date=2009-02-10 |title=News - South Africa: Motlanthe sets election date |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1234269546566E423 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213204848/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1234269546566E423 |archive-date=2009-02-13 |access-date= |website=www.iol.co.za}}</ref> Mhla ziyisiphohlongo kuFebruwari wezi-2009, Inkundla Yamacala Yasenyakatho neGoli yanquma ukuthi izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika ezihlala phesheya kufanele zivunyelwe ukuba nengxenye okhethweni.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7878858.stm | work=BBC News | title=Court backs S Africa expat vote | date=9 February 2009 | access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref> Lesi sinqumo saqinsekiswa Inkundla Yomthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika mhla zili-12 kuMashi wezi-2009, lapho igweba ukuthi abakhethi abaphesheya nababhalisele ukukhetha kufanele baqhubeke nokukhetha.<ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90855/6612952.html South African registered overseas voters can vote - People's Daily Online]</ref> Abakhethi ababhalisile kodwa abakude nezindawo abakhetha kuzo ngosuku lokhetho nabo banikwa imvume yokukhetha ephepheni likazwelonke kunoma yisiphi isigculo sokukhetha eNingizimu Afrika. Imiphumela yokhetho kwaba ukunqoba kweqembu [[African National Congress|likaKhongolose]], elazitholela izihlalo ezingama-264 esiShayamthetho sikaZwelonke, eznciphe ngeziyishumi nanhlanu uma ziqhathaniswa nezatholwa ngokhetho lowezi-2004 futhi lalahlekelwa ubuningi obuyisibili sesithathu. Umholi kakhongolose [[Jacob Zuma]] waba umongameli wezwe. == Amaphatho == {{reflist}} eukmdcvipxfxorb7bdn1lbp896c0vv3 123092 123089 2026-05-06T12:54:30Z Fongcwele 16873 123092 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SA elections national ballot.jpg|thumb|upright|Iphepha lokukhetha lowezi-2009.]] Ukhetho oluvamile [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|olwaluseNingizimu Afrika]] mhla zingama-22 ku-April ngowezi-2009 ukuze kukhethwe amalungu [[ISishayamthetho sikaZwelonke|esiShayamthetho sikaZwelonke]] saseNingizimu Africa kanye nezishayamthetho zezifundazwe. Lolu kwakulukhetho jikelele lwesine selokhu kwaphela inkathi [[UBandlululo|yobandlululo]] eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent Online |first= |date=2009-02-10 |title=News - South Africa: Motlanthe sets election date |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1234269546566E423 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213204848/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1234269546566E423 |archive-date=2009-02-13 |access-date= |website=www.iol.co.za}}</ref> Mhla ziyisiphohlongo kuFebruwari wezi-2009, Inkundla Yamacala Yasenyakatho neGoli yanquma ukuthi izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika ezihlala phesheya kufanele zivunyelwe ukuba nengxenye okhethweni.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7878858.stm | work=BBC News | title=Court backs S Africa expat vote | date=9 February 2009 | access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref> Lesi sinqumo saqinsekiswa [[INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika|Inkundla Yomthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika]] mhla zili-12 kuMashi wezi-2009, lapho igweba ukuthi abakhethi abaphesheya nababhalisele ukukhetha kufanele baqhubeke nokukhetha.<ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90855/6612952.html South African registered overseas voters can vote - People's Daily Online]</ref> Abakhethi ababhalisile kodwa abakude nezindawo abakhetha kuzo ngosuku lokhetho nabo banikwa imvume yokukhetha ephepheni likazwelonke kunoma yisiphi isigculo sokukhetha eNingizimu Afrika. Imiphumela yokhetho kwaba ukunqoba kweqembu [[African National Congress|likaKhongolose]], elazitholela izihlalo ezingama-264 esiShayamthetho sikaZwelonke, eznciphe ngeziyishumi nanhlanu uma ziqhathaniswa nezatholwa ngokhetho lowezi-2004 futhi lalahlekelwa ubuningi obuyisibili sesithathu. Umholi kakhongolose [[Jacob Zuma]] waba umongameli wezwe. == Amaphatho == {{reflist}} c3c9z0b1a05vydhblovpk8pet3pul07 123093 123092 2026-05-06T13:05:38Z Fongcwele 16873 123093 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SA elections national ballot.jpg|thumb|upright|Iphepha lokukhetha lowezi-2009.]] Ukhetho oluvamile [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|olwaluseNingizimu Afrika]] mhla zingama-22 ku-April ngowezi-2009 ukuze kukhethwe amalungu [[ISishayamthetho sikaZwelonke|esiShayamthetho sikaZwelonke]] saseNingizimu Africa kanye nezishayamthetho zezifundazwe. Lolu kwakulukhetho jikelele lwesine selokhu kwaphela inkathi [[UBandlululo|yobandlululo]] eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent Online |first= |date=2009-02-10 |title=News - South Africa: Motlanthe sets election date |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1234269546566E423 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213204848/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1234269546566E423 |archive-date=2009-02-13 |access-date= |website=www.iol.co.za}}</ref> Mhla ziyisiphohlongo kuFebruwari wezi-2009, Inkundla Yamacala Yasenyakatho neGoli yanquma ukuthi izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika ezihlala phesheya kufanele zivunyelwe ukuba nengxenye okhethweni.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7878858.stm | work=BBC News | title=Court backs S Africa expat vote | date=9 February 2009 | access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref> Lesi sinqumo saqinsekiswa [[INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika|Inkundla Yomthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika]] mhla zili-12 kuMashi wezi-2009, lapho igweba ukuthi abakhethi abaphesheya nababhalisele ukukhetha kufanele baqhubeke nokukhetha.<ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90855/6612952.html South African registered overseas voters can vote - People's Daily Online]</ref> Abakhethi ababhalisile kodwa abakude nezindawo abakhetha kuzo ngosuku lokhetho nabo banikwa imvume yokukhetha ephepheni likazwelonke kunoma yisiphi isigculo sokukhetha eNingizimu Afrika. Imiphumela yokhetho kwaba ukunqoba kweqembu [[African National Congress|likaKhongolose]], elazitholela izihlalo ezingama-264 esiShayamthetho sikaZwelonke, eznciphe ngeziyishumi nanhlanu uma ziqhathaniswa nezatholwa ngokhetho lowezi-2004 futhi lalahlekelwa ubuningi obuyisibili sesithathu. Umholi kakhongolose [[Jacob Zuma]] waba umongameli wezwe. == Uhlelo lokhetho == Amalungu angama-400 esiShayamthetho sikazwelonke akhethwa ngohlu lohlelo lwezilinganiso; amalungu angama-200 akhethwa ezinhlwini zikazwelonke zamaqembu bese amalungu angama-200 asele wona akhethwe izinhlwini zezifundazwe zamaqembu ngokwesifundazwe ngasinye kwezilithoba. UMongameli weNingizimu Afrika ukhethwa isiShayamthetho sikazwelonke emva kokhetho; ngowezi-2009, umongameli wakhethwa mhla ziyisithupha kuMeyi wezi-2009. ONdunankulu bezifundazwe bona bakhethwa iqembu elinqobe isishayamthetho sesifundazwe ngasinye. == Amaphatho == {{reflist}} ksxixcv86anxwf0iilzohs5r7enalph 123094 123093 2026-05-06T13:15:19Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Uhlelo lokhetho */ 123094 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SA elections national ballot.jpg|thumb|upright|Iphepha lokukhetha lowezi-2009.]] Ukhetho oluvamile [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|olwaluseNingizimu Afrika]] mhla zingama-22 ku-April ngowezi-2009 ukuze kukhethwe amalungu [[ISishayamthetho sikaZwelonke|esiShayamthetho sikaZwelonke]] saseNingizimu Africa kanye nezishayamthetho zezifundazwe. Lolu kwakulukhetho jikelele lwesine selokhu kwaphela inkathi [[UBandlululo|yobandlululo]] eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent Online |first= |date=2009-02-10 |title=News - South Africa: Motlanthe sets election date |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1234269546566E423 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213204848/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1234269546566E423 |archive-date=2009-02-13 |access-date= |website=www.iol.co.za}}</ref> Mhla ziyisiphohlongo kuFebruwari wezi-2009, Inkundla Yamacala Yasenyakatho neGoli yanquma ukuthi izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika ezihlala phesheya kufanele zivunyelwe ukuba nengxenye okhethweni.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7878858.stm | work=BBC News | title=Court backs S Africa expat vote | date=9 February 2009 | access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref> Lesi sinqumo saqinsekiswa [[INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika|Inkundla Yomthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika]] mhla zili-12 kuMashi wezi-2009, lapho igweba ukuthi abakhethi abaphesheya nababhalisele ukukhetha kufanele baqhubeke nokukhetha.<ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90855/6612952.html South African registered overseas voters can vote - People's Daily Online]</ref> Abakhethi ababhalisile kodwa abakude nezindawo abakhetha kuzo ngosuku lokhetho nabo banikwa imvume yokukhetha ephepheni likazwelonke kunoma yisiphi isigculo sokukhetha eNingizimu Afrika. Imiphumela yokhetho kwaba ukunqoba kweqembu [[African National Congress|likaKhongolose]], elazitholela izihlalo ezingama-264 esiShayamthetho sikaZwelonke, eznciphe ngeziyishumi nanhlanu uma ziqhathaniswa nezatholwa ngokhetho lowezi-2004 futhi lalahlekelwa ubuningi obuyisibili sesithathu. Umholi kakhongolose [[Jacob Zuma]] waba umongameli wezwe. == Uhlelo lokhetho == Amalungu angama-400 esiShayamthetho sikazwelonke akhethwa ngohlu lohlelo lwezilinganiso; amalungu angama-200 akhethwa ezinhlwini zikazwelonke zamaqembu bese amalungu angama-200 asele wona akhethwe izinhlwini zezifundazwe zamaqembu ngokwesifundazwe ngasinye kwezilithoba. UMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika ukhethwa isiShayamthetho sikazwelonke emva kokhetho; ngowezi-2009, umongameli wakhethwa mhla ziyisithupha kuMeyi wezi-2009. ONdunankulu bezifundazwe bona bakhethwa iqembu elinqobe isishayamthetho sesifundazwe ngasinye. ==Ukuduba== Inani lemiphakathi ethile, izinhlangano, imiutho yezenhlalo kanye nabathile abadumile ezweni basonfela ngokuthi ngeke babe nengxenye okhethweni lowezi-2009.<ref> *{{cite news |url = http://www.sowetan.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=985309 |title = 60 landless people arrested |publisher = The Sowetan }}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=3086&art_id=nw20090422075128792C870279 |title = Protesters refuse to vote |publisher = IOL }} *{{cite news |url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8007727.stm |title = 'One house, one vote' for South Africans |publisher = BBC |date = 21 April 2009 |access-date = 4 January 2010 }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=6&art_id=vn20090419064424658C843460 |title = 'No land, no home, no vote' |publisher = Weekend Argus }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.capeargus.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=4940546 |title = Feeling of change in the West Coast air |publisher = Cape Argus }}</ref> Usaziwayo odume kakhulu kwakunguMbhishobhi Omkhulu uDesmond Tutu owathi ngeke akhethe kodwa kamuva wagwebuka.<ref>*{{cite news |url=http://www.thetimes.co.za/PrintEdition/Article.aspx?id=856421 |title=Tutu: Why I Won't Vote |publisher=TheTimes |access-date=24 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008054336/http://www.thetimes.co.za/PrintEdition/Article.aspx?id=856421 |archive-date=8 October 2008 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite news |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1240389734775T313 |title=Tutu decides to vote |publisher=IOL }}</ref> Umfelandawonye Wabantu Abahlwempu waseNingizimu Afrika (Poor People's Alliance), Isidlangala Esimelene Nokuthengiswa kwempahla Yezwe (Anti-Privatisation Forum), inhlangano ebizwa NOPE, nobumbano oluzimele lwabasebenzi basemapulazini olubizwa Sikhula Sonke nazo zanquma ngokuduba ukhetho gaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi 'Asikhethi ngaphandle Komhlaba' (No Land! No House! No Vote!).<ref>*{{cite news |url = http://sacsis.org.za/site/article/245.1 |title = Elections: A Dangerous Time for Poor People's Movements in South Africa |publisher = SACSIS |access-date = 21 April 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110428202117/http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/245.1 |archive-date = 28 April 2011 |url-status = dead }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.abahlali.org/node/865 |title = "No Vote" Campaigns are not a Rejection of Democracy |publisher = Mail and Guardian }} *{{cite news |url = http://allafrica.com/stories/200904201398.html |title = Farm Workers Announce Election Boycott |publisher = AllAfrica }} *{{cite news |url = http://antieviction.org.za/2009/04/21/frontpage-argus-why-we-refuse-to-vote/ |title = Why we refuse to vote |publisher = Cape Argus |access-date = 21 April 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090424043235/http://antieviction.org.za/2009/04/21/frontpage-argus-why-we-refuse-to-vote/ |archive-date = 24 April 2009 |url-status = dead }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.nope.org.za/ |title = NOPE our dreams don't fit on your ballots |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090326022934/http://www.nope.org.za/ |archive-date = 26 March 2009 }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/9282 |title = Grassroots movements plan to boycott South African poll |publisher = ekklesia |access-date = 24 April 2009 |archive-date = 23 April 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090423054912/http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/9282 |url-status = dead }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/55639 |title = Tutu: Why Steve Biko wouldn't vote |publisher = Pambazuka }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.polity.org.za/article/nope-your-vote-doesnt-make-a-difference-2009-03-31 |title = Nope your vote doesn't make a difference |publisher = Polity |access-date = 24 April 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090427131828/http://www.polity.org.za/article/nope-your-vote-doesnt-make-a-difference-2009-03-31 |archive-date = 27 April 2009 |url-status = dead }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.ngopulse.org/newsflash/farm-workers-threaten-boycott-elections |title = Farm workers threaten boycott elections |publisher = Polity |access-date = 24 April 2009 |archive-date = 12 April 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210412195443/http://www.ngopulse.org/newsflash/farm-workers-threaten-boycott-elections |url-status = dead }}</ref> == Amaphatho == {{reflist}} 27xos4z6d3esad7phcad0c14wktkbv5 123095 123094 2026-05-06T13:38:32Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Ukuduba */ 123095 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SA elections national ballot.jpg|thumb|upright|Iphepha lokukhetha lowezi-2009.]] Ukhetho oluvamile [[IRiphabhuliki yaseNingizimu Afrika|olwaluseNingizimu Afrika]] mhla zingama-22 ku-April ngowezi-2009 ukuze kukhethwe amalungu [[ISishayamthetho sikaZwelonke|esiShayamthetho sikaZwelonke]] saseNingizimu Africa kanye nezishayamthetho zezifundazwe. Lolu kwakulukhetho jikelele lwesine selokhu kwaphela inkathi [[UBandlululo|yobandlululo]] eNingizimu Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent Online |first= |date=2009-02-10 |title=News - South Africa: Motlanthe sets election date |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1234269546566E423 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213204848/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1234269546566E423 |archive-date=2009-02-13 |access-date= |website=www.iol.co.za}}</ref> Mhla ziyisiphohlongo kuFebruwari wezi-2009, Inkundla Yamacala Yasenyakatho neGoli yanquma ukuthi izakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Afrika ezihlala phesheya kufanele zivunyelwe ukuba nengxenye okhethweni.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7878858.stm | work=BBC News | title=Court backs S Africa expat vote | date=9 February 2009 | access-date=23 May 2010}}</ref> Lesi sinqumo saqinsekiswa [[INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo laseNingizimu Afrika|Inkundla Yomthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika]] mhla zili-12 kuMashi wezi-2009, lapho igweba ukuthi abakhethi abaphesheya nababhalisele ukukhetha kufanele baqhubeke nokukhetha.<ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90855/6612952.html South African registered overseas voters can vote - People's Daily Online]</ref> Abakhethi ababhalisile kodwa abakude nezindawo abakhetha kuzo ngosuku lokhetho nabo banikwa imvume yokukhetha ephepheni likazwelonke kunoma yisiphi isigculo sokukhetha eNingizimu Afrika. Imiphumela yokhetho kwaba ukunqoba kweqembu [[African National Congress|likaKhongolose]], elazitholela izihlalo ezingama-264 esiShayamthetho sikaZwelonke, eznciphe ngeziyishumi nanhlanu uma ziqhathaniswa nezatholwa ngokhetho lowezi-2004 futhi lalahlekelwa ubuningi obuyisibili sesithathu. Umholi kakhongolose [[Jacob Zuma]] waba umongameli wezwe. == Uhlelo lokhetho == Amalungu angama-400 esiShayamthetho sikazwelonke akhethwa ngohlu lohlelo lwezilinganiso; amalungu angama-200 akhethwa ezinhlwini zikazwelonke zamaqembu bese amalungu angama-200 asele wona akhethwe izinhlwini zezifundazwe zamaqembu ngokwesifundazwe ngasinye kwezilithoba. UMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika ukhethwa isiShayamthetho sikazwelonke emva kokhetho; ngowezi-2009, umongameli wakhethwa mhla ziyisithupha kuMeyi wezi-2009. ONdunankulu bezifundazwe bona bakhethwa iqembu elinqobe isishayamthetho sesifundazwe ngasinye. ==Ukuduba== Inani lemiphakathi ethile, izinhlangano, imiutho yezenhlalo kanye nabathile abadumile ezweni basonfela ngokuthi ngeke babe nengxenye okhethweni lowezi-2009.<ref> *{{cite news |url = http://www.sowetan.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=985309 |title = 60 landless people arrested |publisher = The Sowetan }}{{dead link|date=May 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=3086&art_id=nw20090422075128792C870279 |title = Protesters refuse to vote |publisher = IOL }} *{{cite news |url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8007727.stm |title = 'One house, one vote' for South Africans |publisher = BBC |date = 21 April 2009 |access-date = 4 January 2010 }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=6&art_id=vn20090419064424658C843460 |title = 'No land, no home, no vote' |publisher = Weekend Argus }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.capeargus.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=4940546 |title = Feeling of change in the West Coast air |publisher = Cape Argus }}</ref> Usaziwayo odume kakhulu kwakunguMbhishobhi Omkhulu uDesmond Tutu owathi ngeke akhethe kodwa kamuva wagwebuka.<ref>*{{cite news |url=http://www.thetimes.co.za/PrintEdition/Article.aspx?id=856421 |title=Tutu: Why I Won't Vote |publisher=TheTimes |access-date=24 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008054336/http://www.thetimes.co.za/PrintEdition/Article.aspx?id=856421 |archive-date=8 October 2008 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite news |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=iol1240389734775T313 |title=Tutu decides to vote |publisher=IOL }}</ref> Umfelandawonye Wabantu Abahlwempu waseNingizimu Afrika (Poor People's Alliance), Isidlangala Esimelene Nokuthengiswa kwempahla Yezwe (Anti-Privatisation Forum), inhlangano ebizwa NOPE, nobumbano oluzimele lwabasebenzi basemapulazini olubizwa Sikhula Sonke nazo zanquma ngokuduba ukhetho gaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi 'Asikhethi ngaphandle Komhlaba' (No Land! No House! No Vote!).<ref>*{{cite news |url = http://sacsis.org.za/site/article/245.1 |title = Elections: A Dangerous Time for Poor People's Movements in South Africa |publisher = SACSIS |access-date = 21 April 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110428202117/http://www.sacsis.org.za/site/article/245.1 |archive-date = 28 April 2011 |url-status = dead }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.abahlali.org/node/865 |title = "No Vote" Campaigns are not a Rejection of Democracy |publisher = Mail and Guardian }} *{{cite news |url = http://allafrica.com/stories/200904201398.html |title = Farm Workers Announce Election Boycott |publisher = AllAfrica }} *{{cite news |url = http://antieviction.org.za/2009/04/21/frontpage-argus-why-we-refuse-to-vote/ |title = Why we refuse to vote |publisher = Cape Argus |access-date = 21 April 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090424043235/http://antieviction.org.za/2009/04/21/frontpage-argus-why-we-refuse-to-vote/ |archive-date = 24 April 2009 |url-status = dead }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.nope.org.za/ |title = NOPE our dreams don't fit on your ballots |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090326022934/http://www.nope.org.za/ |archive-date = 26 March 2009 }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/9282 |title = Grassroots movements plan to boycott South African poll |publisher = ekklesia |access-date = 24 April 2009 |archive-date = 23 April 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090423054912/http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/9282 |url-status = dead }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/55639 |title = Tutu: Why Steve Biko wouldn't vote |publisher = Pambazuka }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.polity.org.za/article/nope-your-vote-doesnt-make-a-difference-2009-03-31 |title = Nope your vote doesn't make a difference |publisher = Polity |access-date = 24 April 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090427131828/http://www.polity.org.za/article/nope-your-vote-doesnt-make-a-difference-2009-03-31 |archive-date = 27 April 2009 |url-status = dead }} *{{cite news |url = http://www.ngopulse.org/newsflash/farm-workers-threaten-boycott-elections |title = Farm workers threaten boycott elections |publisher = Polity |access-date = 24 April 2009 |archive-date = 12 April 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210412195443/http://www.ngopulse.org/newsflash/farm-workers-threaten-boycott-elections |url-status = dead }}</ref> ==Imiphumela== {{multiple image <!-- Essential parameters --> | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 220 <!-- Image 1 --> | image1 = South Africa national election 2009 winner by ward.svg | alt1 = | caption1 = <!-- Image 2 --> | image2 = South Africa national election 2009 winner by ward cartogram.svg | alt2 = | caption2 = Most popular party in each [[ward (South Africa)|ward]], depicted as a map (top), and as a [[cartogram]] in which size is proportional to the number of votes cast (bottom). The darker shade indicates a majority, while the lighter shade indicates a non-majority [[plurality (voting)|plurality]]. }} Ukhongolose, owangena emandleni kusuka ngowe-1994, wathola amavoti angamaphesenti angama-65.9 kuzwelonke, okwanciphisa amandla akhe okuguqula umthethosisekele. Iqembu le-DA lona lalala isibili kwaba iqembu eliphikisayo futhi lanqoba ukhetho esifundazweni saseNtshonalanga Kapa. Abantu ababebhalisele ukhetho babeyizigidi ezingama-23 ngowezi-2009, ababebaningi ngezigidi ezi-2.5 ukwedlula ukhetho lowezi-2004. Bangamaphesenti angama-77.3 abaphuma ukuzokhetha kwababhalisile, futhi amavoti amoshiwe aba yiphesenti eli-1.34.<ref>{{cite web|title=IEC Election Report 2009|url=http://www.elections.org.za/content/Dynamic.aspx?id=1344&name=Elections&LeftMenuId=100&BreadCrumbId=220|publisher=IEC|access-date=21 April 2014}}</ref> Bayizigidi ezili-12 abantu ababe vunyelwa umthetho ukuba bakhethe, kodwa bangabhalisela ukhetho (izigidi ezili-5.4 ).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sundaytribune.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=4962121| title=Building a base for a credible opposition| publisher=SundayTribune|date =3 May 2009}}</ref> Kulolu khetho, kwakukhona nomkhankaso wokuduba ukhetho kodwa akuzange kukhinyabeze ukukhetha kwabantu. [[INhlangano Yezokhetho Ezimele YaseNingizimu Afrika]] yenza kwaba lula ukuthi ukufinyelela imiphumela yokhetho ngesizindalwebu sayo njengoba yayilokhu ingena ivela ezifundeni zokukhetha, ihlungwa ngokothi ekazwelonke, eyezifundazwe, eyomasipala, eyezigculo zokukhetha.<ref>[http://www.elections.org.za/ Independent Electoral Commission]</ref> == Amaphatho == {{reflist}} df6k92f0ceucndqb8n78o8vwvq5v1x5 0 34188 123085 2026-05-06T11:59:33Z Mzwandile Loyi-Naziri Ntshele 20389 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1150839696|Ilanga lase Natal]]" 123085 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ilanga''''' ( elalaziwa ngokuthi ''Ilanga laseNatali'' phambilini) yiphephandaba [[IsiZulu|lesiZulu]], elishicilelwa [[IKwaZulu-Natali|KwaZulu-Natali]], eNingizimu Afrika. Kwakuyiphephandaba lokuqala ngqa ukushicilelwa ngalolulimi. Lasungulwa ngokubambisana nguJohn [[John Langalibalele Dube|Langalibalele Dube]] ngowe-1903. <ref name="Media">McCracken, Donal P., [https://books.google.com/books?id=UGFQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA136 "The imperial British newspaper with special reference to South Africa, India and the 'Irish model'"], in {{Cite book|page=122–142 (p. 136)}}</ref> Phakathi kwababambe iqhaza kulo kwakukhona [[Magema Magwaza Fuze|uMagema Magwaza Fuze]] . <ref name="oxf">Mokoena, Hlonipha, [https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA403 "Fuze, Magema"], in {{Cite book|page=403–405}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAkyeampongHenry_Louis_Gates_Jr.2012">[[Emmanuel Kwaku Akyeampong|Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku]]; [[Henry Louis Gates Jr.]], eds. (2012). ''Dictionary of African Biography''. New York: Oxford University Press. Vol. 2. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">403–</span>405. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538207-5|<bdi>978-0-19-538207-5</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Iphethwe yingalo yokutshalwa kwezimali ye- [[Inkatha Freedom Party]] . 64mdywvhjur35i13gg4uvn9zdod8lf0 123087 123085 2026-05-06T12:04:16Z Mzwandile Loyi-Naziri Ntshele 20389 Fixed errors 123087 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ilanga''''' ( elalaziwa ngokuthi ''Ilanga laseNatali'' phambilini) yiphephandaba [[IsiZulu|lesiZulu]], elishicilelwa [[IKwaZulu-Natali|KwaZulu-Natali]], eNingizimu Afrika. Kwakuyiphephandaba lokuqala ngqa ukushicilelwa ngalolulimi. Lasungulwa ngokubambisana [[John Langalibalele Dube|nguJohn Langalibalele Dube]] ngowe-1903. <ref name="Media">McCracken, Donal P., [https://books.google.com/books?id=UGFQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA136 "The imperial British newspaper with special reference to South Africa, India and the 'Irish model'"], in {{Cite book|page=122–142 (p. 136)}}</ref> Phakathi kwababambe iqhaza kulo kwakukhona [[Magema Magwaza Fuze|uMagema Magwaza Fuze]] . <ref name="oxf">Mokoena, Hlonipha, [https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA403 "Fuze, Magema"], in {{Cite book|page=403–405}}</ref> Iphethwe yingalo yokutshalwa kwezimali ye- [[Inkatha Freedom Party]] . gqolyf52a56g7a7uqf21fz4vt6iuqkb 1 34189 123088 2026-05-06T12:26:21Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Ukuguqula isihloko */ new section 123088 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ukuguqula isihloko == Isihloko asifundeki ngesizulu. kubonakala sengathi kundingeka ukuba siguqulwe ukuze sithi 'Ukhetho Lukazwelonke LaseNingizimu Afrika 2009'. Okusho ukuthi kufanele kugcine unyaka, unyaka ungafakwa ekuqaleni. Mhlawumbe okunye okungasiza ukuthi kube ne-Redirect ifushanisiwe ethi 'Ukhetho Lowezi-2009'. Cishe lendlela kungaba kuhle ukuba isetshenziswe nakwezinye izilotshwa ngokhetho. [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 12:26, 6 uNhlaba 2026 (UTC) 1beeap2rtkcmgi6b4s07gp6afesnqw3 1 34191 123097 2026-05-06T13:49:40Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Ubushiqela noma ubuphathimhlaba */ new section 123097 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubushiqela noma ubuphathimhlaba == Ninjani @[[User:Mzwandile Loyi-Naziri Ntshele|Mzwandile Loyi-Naziri Ntshele]], ngicabanga ukuthi elithi ubushiqela kufanele lisebenzie ukuhumusha elithi tyranny, ese elithi ubuphathimhlaba lihumushe elithi feudalism, njengoba igxile emhlabeni ophethe ongxiwa noma amakhosi noma abanini bawo. ucabangani? [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 13:49, 6 uNhlaba 2026 (UTC) m3siuh0m63bdigcu4ed2nvjwmpuo6ez 1 34193 123127 2026-05-07T06:46:10Z Fongcwele 16873 /* Alikho elesintu? */ new section 123127 wikitext text/x-wiki == Alikho elesintu? == Ingabe lendawo ayinalo igama lesiNtu? Uma lingekho ngicabanga ukuthi kuzomele isihloko sithi Sweetwaters, singabi khona isiqalo 'i'. isiqalo singasifaka uma sizosebenzisa impimiso (phonetic) yesizulu, kanje iSiwithiwotha. [[User:Fongcwele|Fongcwele]] ([[User talk:Fongcwele|talk]]) 06:46, 7 uNhlaba 2026 (UTC) e35htcwzhmekykptkzs9soph3ogo83n 0 34194 123128 2026-05-07T08:59:45Z Fongcwele 16873 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352028470|Poet]]" 123128 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''USonkondlo''' ungumuntu ofunda futhi abhale [[Inkondlo|izinkondlo]] . Osonkondlo bavame ukuzichazisa kanjalo noma bangachazwa kanjalo ngabanye. Usonkondlo angaba nje umqambi ( umcabangi, umbhali wezingoma, [[umbhali]], noma uumlobi ) odala (ngokuqamba) izinkondlo ( zomlomo noma [[Ubucikomazwi|ezibhaliwe]] ), noma umuntu ophinde aqhogoye ubuciko bakhe phambi kwezihlwele . Umsebenzi kasonkondlo empeleni ungowokuxhumana, ukuveza imibono ngomqondo ongokoqobo (njengokuchaza isenzakalo noma indawo ethile) noma [[Isingathekiso|ngokungathekisa]]. Osonkondlo babekhona kusukela ngaphambi komlando, cishe kuzo zonke izilimi, futhi babekhiqiza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kakhulu emasikweni nasezinkathini ezahlukene. Kuyo yonke impucuko nolimi, osonkondlo basebenzise izinhlobo ezahlukene ezishintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwaholela kosonkondlo abangenakubalwa abahlukahlukene [[Ubucikomazwi|njengobucikomazwi]] ababukhiqizile (kusukela ekufikeni kwezinhlelo zokubhala ). [[Category:Osonkondlo]] i77z8s6tqsbm3uficlv09wjd7gkczp4 123129 123128 2026-05-07T09:01:09Z Fongcwele 16873 123129 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''USonkondlo''' ungumuntu ofunda futhi abhale [[Inkondlo|izinkondlo]] . Osonkondlo bavame ukuzichazisa kanjalo noma bangachazwa kanjalo ngabanye. Usonkondlo angaba nje umqambi ( umcabangi, umbhali wezingoma, [[umbhali]], noma uumlobi ) odala (ngokuqamba) izinkondlo ( zomlomo noma [[Ubucikomazwi|ezibhaliwe]] ), noma umuntu ophinde aqhogoye ubuciko bakhe phambi kwezihlwele . Umsebenzi kasonkondlo empeleni ungowokuxhumana, ukuveza imibono ngomqondo ongokoqobo (njengokuchaza isenzakalo noma indawo ethile) noma [[Isingathekiso|ngokungathekisa]]. Osonkondlo babekhona kusukela ngaphambi komlando, cishe kuzo zonke izilimi, futhi babekhiqiza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kakhulu emasikweni nasezinkathini ezahlukene. Kuyo yonke impucuko nolimi, osonkondlo basebenzise izinhlobo ezahlukene ezishintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okwaholela kosonkondlo abangenakubalwa abahlukahlukene [[Ubucikomazwi|njengobucikomazwi]] ababukhiqizile (kusukela ekufikeni kwezinhlelo zokubhala ). [[Category:Osonkondlo]] == Umlando == E- [[Rhomani|Ancient Rome]], izimbongi eziqeqeshiwe zazivame ukuxhaswa ngabathengi, abacebile abacebile kubandakanya izikhulu nezikhulu zamasosha.Isibonelo, uGaius Cilnius Maecenas, umngani kaKesari Augustus, wayengumphathi obalulekile wezimbongi zika-Augustan, kufaka phakathi bobabili uHorace noVirgil.Ngenkathi u- Ovid, imbongi esungulwe kahle, waxoshwa eRoma ngu- Awugustu wokuqala. NgeNkathi Ephakathi Ephakathi, abahlukumezi babeyisigaba esibalulekile sezimbongi futhi bevela ezizindeni ezahlukahlukene.Babehlala futhi behamba ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene futhi babebhekwa njengabalingisi noma abaculi njengezimbongi.Babevame ukuphathwa, kepha abaningi babehamba kakhulu. Isikhathi se- Renaissance saqhubeka nokuxhaswa kwezimbongi ngabasebukhosini.Izimbongi eziningi, kodwa, bezineminye imithombo engenayo, okubandakanya amaNtaliyane anjengoDante Aligheri, uGiovanni Boccaccio noPetrarch 's works in a pharmist's guild and William 's Shakespeare's theatre. Esikhathini se-Romantic kuya phambili, izimbongi eziningi zazingababhali abazimele ababeziphilisa ngomsebenzi wabo, imvamisa belekelelwa yimali evela kweminye imisebenzi noma emndenini. <ref>Peter T. Murphy (2005) "Poetry as an Occupation and an Art in Britain" Cambridge University Press</ref> Lokhu bekubandakanya izimbongi ezinjengoWilliam Wordsworth noRobert Burns. Izimbongi ezifana noVirgil ku- Aeneid noJohn Milton kwi- Paradise Lost bacele usizo lwe- Muse. == Ezemfundo == Izimbongi zezikhathi zangaphambili zazivame ukufundwa kahle nabantu abafunde kakhulu kanti ezinye zazizifundise ngezinga elikhulu.Izimbongi ezimbalwa ezifana noJohn Gower noJohn Milton bakwazile ukubhala izinkondlo ngezilimi ezingaphezu kweyodwa.Ezinye izimbongi zasePortugal, njengoFrancisco de Sá de Miranda, azibhalanga ngesiPutukezi kuphela kodwa nangeSpanishi.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Francisco-de-Sa-de-Miranda Encyclopaedia Britanncia.]</ref>UJan Kochanowski ubhale ngesiPolish nangesiLatin, <ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08685b.htm Jan Kochanowski at Catholic Encyclopaedia.]</ref> uFrance Prešeren noKarel Hynek Mácha <ref>[https://www.private-prague-guide.com/article/karel-hynek-macha-a-leading-poet-of-czech-romanticism/ Karel Hynek Mácha: A leading poet of Czech Romanticism.]</ref> babhala izinkondlo ezithile ngesiJalimane, yize babeyizimbongi zaseSlovenia naseCzech ngokulandelana. U-Adam Mickiewicz, imbongi enkulu kunazo zonke zolimi lwasePoland, wabhala i-ode yesiLatini yombusi uNapoleon III.Esinye isibonelo uJerzy Pietrkiewicz, imbongi yasePoland. Lapho ethuthela eGreat Britain, wayeka ukubhala izinkondlo ngesiPolish, kodwa waqala ukubhala inoveli ngesiNgisi.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/jerzy-peterkiewicz-polish-poet-turned-english-novelist-774317.html Independent.]</ref>Wabuye wahumusha izinkondlo zisuselwa esiNgisini ziye esiNgisini. Amanyuvesi amaningi ahlinzeka ngama-degree ekubhaleni okudala yize lokhu kuvele kuphela ngekhulu lama-20.Yize lezi zifundo zingadingeki emsebenzini wokuba yimbongi, zingaba wusizo njengokuqeqesha, nokunikeza umfundi iminyaka eminingi yesikhathi egxile ekubhaleni kwabo. <ref>Nikki Moustaki (2001), ''The Complete Idiot's Guide to Writing Poetry'', Penguin.</ref> == Izimbongi zevesi elingcwele == Izimbongi ezi-Lyrical ezibhala izinkondlo ezingcwele ("ama- hymnographer ") ziyehluka emfanekisweni ojwayelekile wezimbongi ngezindlela eziningi.Umbhali wezingoma ezifana no- Isaac Watts owabhala izinkondlo ezingama-700 ngesikhathi sakhe sokuphila, kungenzeka ukuthi izingoma zakhe ziculwa yizigidi zabantu njalo ngeSonto ekuseni, kodwa azifakwanga njalo kwizingoma zezinkondlo.Ngoba amaculo abhekwa njengokuthi " ukukhonza " kunokuthi "izinkondlo," igama elithi "ubuciko kenosis" kwesinye isikhathi lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza impumelelo yomculi wehuna "ekuchitheni" umuzwa wokuphumelela njengombongi.Umculi osesihlalweni angahle abambe ngekhanda izitanza ezimbalwa zikaWatts, ngaphandle kokwazi igama lakhe noma ukumcabanga njengembongi. 0xdmhf2ivqugcsv3b6kz13bsd0dckyd 0 34195 123135 2026-05-07T10:48:26Z Fongcwele 16873 Fongcwele moved page [[Abayizithulu]] to [[Ubuthulu]] 123135 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ubuthulu]] 7yyzh223x1a9h8fpfa892pwsuso3ju7 1 34196 123137 2026-05-07T10:48:26Z Fongcwele 16873 Fongcwele moved page [[Talk:Abayizithulu]] to [[Talk:Ubuthulu]] 123137 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Talk:Ubuthulu]] 7o3ynu7wen2qqa2lm1ju32yo74jj2pv 0 34197 123139 2026-05-07T11:05:07Z Fongcwele 16873 Redirected page to [[Ubuthulu]] 123139 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect[[Ubuthulu]] dlelwn557qo02stn6tb4dpdx3nxi764