Politik di Brunei
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[Sunting] Kerajaan
Dibawah perlembagaan Brunei 1959, His Majesty Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah, adalah ketua negara dengan kuasa eksekutif penuh, termasuk kuasa darurat semenjak 1962. Peranan sultan di abadikan dalam falsafah kebangsaan yang dikenali sebagai Melayu Islam Beraja (MIB), atau Raja Melayu Islam.
[Sunting] Eksekutif
Sultan dibantu dan dinasihat oleh lima ahli majlis, yang dilantiknya. Majlis Menteri, atau kabinet, yang kini mengandungi sembilan ahli (termasuk Sultan), membantu dalam pentadbiraan kerajaan. Sultan merupakan menerajui kabinet sebagai Perdana Menteri dan juga memegang jawatan Menteri Pertahanan serta Menteri Kewangan. Salah seorang adik-beradiknya, Putera Mohamed, berkhidmat sebagai Menteri Hal Ehwal Luar Negara. Selain itu, baginda adalah berkuasa untuk melantik ahli-ahli ke dalam tiga majlis kebangsaan: Majlis Agama, badan penasihat yang berkaitan agama; Majlis Privy, berkaitan isu-isu perlembagaan; dan Majlis Succession that determines the succession to the throne should the need arise.
[Sunting] Perundangan
Brunei's legal system is based on English common law, with an independent judiciary, a body of written common law judgments and statutes, and legislation enacted by the sultan. Most cases are tried by the local magistrate's courts. More serious cases go before the High Court, which sits for about 2 weeks every few months. Brunei has an arrangement with the United Kingdom whereby United Kingdom judges are appointed as the judges for Brunei's High Court and Court of Appeal. Final appeal can be made to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London in civil but not criminal cases.
[Sunting] Legislatif
Under the 1959 constitution there was an elected Legislative Council, or Majlis Masyuarat Negeri, but the last elections were held in 1962, after which it was dissolved following a state of emergency, which saw the banning of the Parti Rakyat Brunei (PRB) or Brunei People's Party. In 1970 the Council was changed to an appointed body by decree of the Sultan; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years.