Guantánamo Bay
From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the body of water. For the U.S. Naval base, see Guantanamo Bay Naval Base.
Guantánamo Bay (Spanish: Bahía de Guantánamo) is a bay located in Guantánamo Province at the south-eastern end of Cuba (19°54′N 75°9′W). It is the largest harbor on the south side of the island and is surrounded by steep hills creating an enclave cut off from its immediate hinterland.
The United States took territorial control over most of Guantánamo Bay. They did this under the 1903 Cuban-American Treaty. This reaty which says thatthe United States have a perpetual lease of the area. The current Cuban government rejects the Cuban-American Treatybecause it violates article 52 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The Cuban government therefore considers the U.S. presence in Guantánamo to be an illegal occupation of the area. Article 52 declares a treaty void only if its conclusion has been procured by the threat or use of force in violation of international law [1](see below).
The southern portion of the bay is surrounded by the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, a naval base established in 1898. Recently, the base at Guantánamo Bay began hosting a detainment camp for suspected militant combatants collected (actions that are viewed by some as kidnapping) from both Afghanistan and Iraq, or from secret NATO prisons in Europe (discovered recently, in 2006).
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[edit] History
See also Timeline of Guantánamo Bay
The bay was originally named Guantánamo by the Taíno. Christopher Columbus landed at the location known as Fisherman's Point in 1494 naming it Puerto Grande.[2] On landing Columbus's crew found Taíno fisherman preparing a feast for the local chieftain. When Spanish settlers took control of the island the bay became a vital harbor on the south side of the island. The bay was briefly renamed Cumberland bay when the British seized it in 1741 during the War of Jenkins' Ear. British Admiral Edward Vernon came with a force of 8 warships and 4,000 soldiers. He planned to march on Santiago de Cuba but local guerrilla forces resisted them. He had to withdrew.[2]
During the Spanish-American War the U.S. fleet attacked Santiago. It needed shelter from the summer hurricane season. Thus Guantánamo with its excellent harbor was chosen for this purpose. The Marines landed successfully with naval support; however, as they went inland Spanish resistance increased to the point at which Cuban scouts were needed to assist the United States Marines.
The US Guantánamo Bay Naval Base, sometimes called "GTMO" or "Gitmo", covers 116 km² (about 45 square miles) on the western and eastern banks of the bay. It was established in 1898, when the United States obtained control of Cuba from Spain at the end of the Spanish-American War, following the 1898 invasion of Guantánamo Bay. The U.S. government obtained a perpetual lease that began on February 23, 1903, from Tomás Estrada Palma, an American citizen, who became the first President of Cuba. The newly formed American protectorate incorporated the Platt Amendment in the Cuban Constitution. The Cuban-American Treaty held, among other things, that the United States, for the purposes of operating coaling and naval stations, has "complete jurisdiction and control" of the Guantánamo Bay, while the Republic of Cuba is recognized to retain ultimate sovereignty.
[edit] See also
Cuba Portal |
- Guantánamo Bay detainment camp
- Cuba-United States relations
- Platt Amendment: Document claimed to guarantee U.S. Navy lease in Cuba
- Flora and fauna of Guantánamo Bay
- Guantánamo Province
- Akrotiri and Dhekelia
[edit] Wikisource links
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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[edit] U.S. sources
[edit] Official U.S. military website
- www.jtftmo.southcom.mil — "Joint Task Force-Guantanamo's official website."
[edit] Official U.S. NAV base website
- NSGtmo.navy.mil — "U.S. Naval Station Guantánamo Bay Cuba: The United States' oldest overseas Naval Base"
[edit] Official website of the Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- www.cubaminrex.cu — "Guantánamo: U.S. Black Hole"
[edit] Maps and photos
- Cuba-Pictures.com — Guantánamo Province photos with the view from Mirador de Malones
- Google Maps
- Photos by Brad Beckett
- Virtual 3D Walk-through of Camp Delta (from the Art project Zone*Interdite)