1252
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[edit] Events
- May 15 - Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes the torture of heretics in the Medieval Inquisition. Torture quickly gains widespread usage across Catholic Europe.
- The first European gold coins are minted in the Italian city of Florence, and are known as florins.
- The Polish land of Lebus is incorporated into German state of Brandenburg, marking the start of Brandenburg's expansion into previously Polish areas (Neumark).
- The Swedish city of Stockholm is founded by Birger Jarl.
- The Lithuanian city of Klaipeda is founded by the Teutonic Knights.
- The town and monastery of Orval in Belgium burn to the ground; rebuilding takes 100 years.
- Thomas Aquinas travels to the University of Paris to begin his studies there for a masters degree.
- In astronomy, work begins on the recording of the Alfonsine tables.