Pogovor:Tullio Regge
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Dott. Amrit Sorli Dott. Kusum Sorli Osho Miasto Institute Podere San Giorgio 16 53012, Chiusdino (SI), Italy spacelife@libero.it
EVOLUTION AND ENTROPY
Abstract Einstein emphasises in his work (1918-1930) that space has its physical properties; gravitational force was attributed to space. Greene emphasises in his book "The Elegant Universe" that the total entropy of the Universe sums to zero. These two ideas open new views on the interaction between matter and space as well as the evolution of life and human consciousness. Key words: space, matter, life, entropy, evolution, Greene, Einstein
Introduction Einstein would say: No space or portion of space (can be conceived of) without gravitational potentials; for these give it its metrical properties without which is not thinkable at all. The existence of the gravitational field is directly bound up with the existence of the space (1). He came to conclusion that space can be the origin of the matter. In his article “The Concept of Space” in Nature from 1930 he would say: We have now come to the conclusion that space is the primary think and matter only secondary; we may say that space, in revenge for its former inferior position, is now eating up the matter (2). In his book “Einstein and the Ether” Ludwik Costro comments: What a fundamental change in Einstein’s views! Having started from denial of the existence of space and time, he finally came to the conclusion that four-dimensional space (the space-time continuum) constitutes a reality ontologically primary even to matter. At this point, he believed that matter was born from space-time (3).
Discussion According to the first law of thermodynamics one can assume that in the universe energy cannot be created or destroyed; the sum of the energy of matter and the energy of space is always constant: E matter (Em) + E space (Es) = E constant (Ek). In the first moment after the big bang Em = 0, Eg = Ek. In the subsequent moments of the inflation phase Es is structured into Em, and the transformation is over when Es and Em are balanced: Eg = Em (Es = Ek/2, Em = Ek/2). With the formation of black holes, the transformation of Em into Es starts, Em is falling towards zero (Em --> 0), Es is rising towards Ek (Es --> Ek). With the disintegration of matter into space the amount of energy of space is increasing. This process increases the gravitational forces between galaxies. The speed of expansion of the universe is decreasing, at a certain point the expansion stops and the universe starts to collapse into an enormous black hole that then explodes into a new big bang. Big bangs are cyclic (4). That big bangs are cyclic is also predicted by the cosmologic theory of Turok from Cambridge and Steinhardt from Princeton (5). The energy of matter and of space are in a dynamic equilibrium (further on only DE). DE is a basic universal law. The DE between gravitational and tangential forces make it possible for planets to orbit around the sun, the water circulation "ocean-evaporation-clouds-rain-rivers-ocean" is in DE, life circles of fauna and flora are in DE. The universe is a self-renewing system that has no beginning and will have no end. The increase of the entropy of matter after the big bang is only temporary and does not affect the total entropy of the universe. The total entropy of the universe sums to zero. Gravity conserves entropy; for example, in the cosmic gravitational collapse of the "Big Crunch", the total heat loss and entropy of the Universe is reversed; in such a case, the total entropy of the Universe sums to zero. Gravity replaces positive spatial entropy with a metrically equivalent positive temporal entropy; spatial expansion is reduced because it funds the temporal component of the total entropy equation (6). In the universe the entropy of matter is continuously increasing and the entropy of life is continuously decreasing. The total entropy of the universe sums to zero. From this point of view the evolution of life can be understood as a process that is continuously developing towards a total entropy of the universe. The relationship between life as a continuous negentropic process and the total entropy of the universe that sums to zero can be described using the following equation:
Y = f (X)
Y stands for the evolution of life X stands for a total entropy of the universe that sums to zero
entropy diagram
According to the understanding above the evolution of life on the planet Earth is part of a wider universal process. The universe is physically homogeneous, the physical circumstances for the development of life are equal in the whole of universal space. In the universe there are many solar systems with planets similar to ours. Life could also have developed there. Probably we are not alone in this vast universe. This idea is supported by the discovery of basic organic molecules necessary for the development of life in the whole of observable space. Universal space is in the phase of chemical evolution which on Earth has continued into biological evolution (7). Kompanichenko would say: Approximately four billion years ago, living systems appeared on Earth and formed the superstructure over the lower organized geochemical systems. The simplest organisms were characterized by availability of unique mechanism that permitted them to transform actions from outside world and to return strengthened /expedient counteraction back into the environment. Giving an energetic profit from this exchange, living beings in fact extract free energy from the environment and accumulated it. The forms of life , which lost the ability for the active extraction, in the long run were eliminated by natural selection. Using one more unique quality - regular self-renovation, living system step-by-step complicated and transformed the planetary medium into an environment. The extraordinary complicated human civilization is the top of this process. Both animate and inanimate natural systems of the universe are interrelated by the deepest universal processes and regularities. This shows unity of nature and allows us to support the opinion that life should be the widespread phenomenon in the cosmos (8). Krall would say: There are some hints that life could have been brought to earth from elsewhere in our solar system or even galaxy. Life tends towards more complexity but Homo Sapiens is not the pride of creation but rather an accident in evolution. Humans may disappear as they have come but evolution will continue. Life as such is not an accident but a function of our universe (9).
Conclusion The main impulse for the development of life is a total entropy of the universe that sums to zero. All over the universe matter has an intrinsic tendency to evolve into life and then into conscious species. Human consciousness is the phenomenon that is closest to the zero entropy of the universe.
Best Wishes, Dott. Amrit Sorli, Dott. Kusum Sorli
References:
1. Einstein, 1920, Ather and Relativitatstheorie, J. Springer, Berlin, p. 4 2. Einstein, 1930, The Concept Of Space, Nature, 125, p 897-898 3. Ludwik Kostro, 2000, Einstein And The Ether, Aperion, p 113 4. Sorli, 1990, Konec Casa, (The End of The Time), Slovenia, Ljubljana, p. 11-19 5. Steinhardt and Turok, A Cyclic Model of the Universe, Science 2002 0: 10704621-0 274 6. Greene, B. 1999, B. The Elegant Universe. W.W. Norton & Co., 448 + xiii pp. 7. Sorli, 1990, Konec Casa, (The End of The Time), Slovenia, Ljubljana, p. 26-27 8. Kompanichenko, 2003, Distinctive Properties of Biological Systems: The All-Around Comparison with Other Natural Systems, Frontier Perspectives, Vol. 12, Num. 1, Temple University, Philadelphia 9. Stephan Krall, 2002, Life and Light, Network, Journal Of Scientific And Medical Network, Number 78