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A LiveCD is an operating system (usually containing other software as well) stored on a bootable CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that can be executed from it, without installation into permanent memory, such as a hard drive. The system returns to its previous OS when the LiveCD is ejected and the computer is rebooted. It does this by placing the files which typically would be stored on a hard drive, into temporary memory, such as a ram disk. This however does cut down on the RAM available to applications, reducing performance somewhat.
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[మార్చు] Common traits
Some LiveCDs come with an installation utility launchable from a desktop icon that can optionally install the system on a hard drive or USB keydrive. Most LiveCDs can access the information on internal and/or external hard drives, diskettes and USB Flash memories.
Most LiveCDs contain a system based on the GNU system and the Linux kernel, but there are also LiveCDs based on other operating systems, such as Mac OS, Mac OS X, BeOS, FreeBSD, Minix, NetBSD, Plan 9 or Microsoft Windows, though the legal status of LiveCDs based on Windows code is dubious. The first OS to support LiveCD operations appears to have been Mac OS 7 on a CD and any other user-created Macintosh CD with a System Folder, which could be brought to a full desktop from a CD-ROM, in 1991.
The syslinux utility is used to boot Linux based LiveCDs as well as Linux floppies. On a PC, a bootable CD generally conforms to the El Torito specification which treats a special file on the disc (possibly hidden) as a floppy diskette image. Many Linux based LiveCDs use a compressed filesystem image, often with the cloop compressed loopback driver, generally doubling effective storage capacity, although slowing application start up. The resulting environment can be quite rich: typical Knoppix systems include around 1,200 separate software packages.
LiveCDs have a reputation for supporting advanced Auto-configuration and Plug-and-play functionality. This is necessary so as to avoid requiring the user to configure the system each time it boots, and to make them easily usable by those who are new to the operating system.
[మార్చు] Mini-LiveCDs
A Mini-LiveCD, also known as a bootable business card, is a LiveCD small enough to fit on a CD-ROM that is the size and shape of a business card. Mini-LiveCDs are able to hold about 50 MB, or 100 MB under compression. Damn Small Linux (DSL) is an example of a rich Mini-LiveCD operating system that fits onto a 50 MB CD. Includes scripts to optionally install it to bootable USB key (flash distro) or hard disk.
[మార్చు] Emulation
There are number of emulators on the market that can be used to try a LiveCD without the need to burn it to a CD or boot it on the computer. The most widely supported i386 emulator is VMware. Others include Qemu, PearPC and Bochs which can all also emulate the x86 and/or PowerPC platforms, although due to their software emulation methods, they are slower than the hardware alternatives. Another commercial emulator is VirtualPC.
[మార్చు] List of LiveCDs
- Main article List of LiveCDs
[మార్చు] Apple Macintosh OS-based
- System Folder of Mac OS on a CD or on a floppy disk
- BootCD from Charlessoft for Mac OS X
[మార్చు] BSD-based
- DragonFly BSD [1]
- FreeSBIE (Based on FreeBSD)
- Frenzy mini-CD (Based on FreeBSD)
- NetBSD - official livecd image. Direct link and quick reference documentation.
[మార్చు] Linux-based
- Knoppix - The "original" Debian-based LiveCD
- Damn Small Linux - Light-weight Knoppix cut-down to a business card-sized CD or USB pendrive.
- MEPIS - For a Debian (APT compatible) installation
- Morphix - Debian based, with GNOME and fluxbox desktops to elect.
- Puppy Linux - Small (60M), able to burn data back on the LiveCD or DVD itself (via multisession)
- PCLinuxOS - A Mandrake derivative, part of the The LiveCD Project
- SLAX - A Slackware derivative, modular and very easy to remaster.
- Ubuntu Linux - A very popular Debian derivative
[మార్చు] Microsoft Windows-based
- Bart_PE (Windows XP/2003)
- XP Live CD (Windows XP) - Commercial Product
- Ultimate Boot CD for Windows (Windows XP) - Extends the capabilities of BartPE
- Avast Bart CD - Commercial Product
- MS PE - Microsoft OEM Product
- n-Lite - installer
- Mini PE XT
Note however that Windows 2000 and XP cannot run without a swap file. Thus, they still need to make hard disk accesses when booting off a Live CD. Also, Microsoft representatives have described third-party efforts at producing Live CDs as being "improperly licensed" uses of Windows. The Microsoft-sanctioned MS PE product is quite hard to get hold of.
[మార్చు] Others
- 911 Rescue CD Based on DOS with tools for Windows repairs (not technically a Livecd)
- BeOS - all BeOS discs can be run in LiveCD mode, although PowerPC versions need to be kickstarted from Mac OS 8
- OpenVMS the installation CD is a bootable live CD, which boots to an installation menu allowing full DCL shell access. http://h71000.www7.hp.com/
- Plan 9 had a "Live-floppy" including web browser and compilers around 1992. These days a bootable ISO is built every day, you can download the latest one from: http://www.cs.bell-labs.com/plan9dist/download.html
- Hurd http://www.superunprivileged.org/hurd/live-cd/
- SkyOS
- SchilliX is the first OpenSolaris LiveCD distribution.
- Ging The first LiveCD distribution based on Debian GNU/kFreeBSD.
- Minix
[మార్చు] See also
- List of LiveCDs Main (larger) article of LiveCDs
- tomsrtbt
[మార్చు] External links
- Bootable CDROM HowTo
- List of 200+ LiveCDs (also at [2])
- LiveDistro.org - Release Announcements Custom Remaster Howtos
- Long list of LiveCDs at the Knoppix Wiki
- The Debian Wiki lists some Debian-based live-CDs, and tips on how to make your own customized live-CD.
- The magic of live CDs Article published on Free Software Magazine about live CDs
- LiveCD News
- LiveCD Build Scripts