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Female Reproductive Tract of Birds
The form of the reproductive tract of female birds is in some ways simlar to that seen in mammals: ova produced in the ovary are fertilized in the proximal oviduct and progress though the uterus and vagina. As in mammals the oviduct is lined by an epithelia surrounded by smooth muscle. However the function of various portions of the tract are quite different from mammals. Along the various parts of oviduct the different componants of the eggshell are formed. The process takes about 25 hours in a chicken. The completed egg with shell is passed to the outside world via the cloaca, the shared terminal portion of the reproductive, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. Embryo development largely occurs outside the mother. Gaseous exchange occurs through the shell while nurients are provided by the yolk.