Sejarah Asia Tenggara
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[sunting] Prasejarah
[sunting] Masyarakat agrikultur awal
Agrikultur adalah perkembangan alami yang berasal dari kebutuhan. Sebelum agrikultur, berburu dapat memenuhi kebutuhan makanan. Masyarakat telah memelihara ayam dan babi di sini beribu-ribu tahun yang lalu. Begitu banyak makanan tersedia sehingga seseorang dapat menaikkan statusnya dengan mengadakan pesta besar dan semua orang boleh makan sepuasnya. Orang-orang kaya seperti ini biasanya bekerja bertahun-tahun mengumpulkan makanan (kekayaan) yang dibutuhkan untuk pesta-pesta ini. These individual acts of generosity or kindness are remembered by the people in their oral histories, which serves to provide credit in more dire times. These customs ranged throughout Southeast Asia, stretching, for example, to the island of Papua. The agricultural technology was exploited after population pressures increased to the point that systematic intensive farming was required for mere survival, say of yams (in Papua) or rice (in Indonesia). Rice paddies are well-suited for the monsoons of Southeast Asia. The rice paddies of Southeast Asia have existed for millennia, with evidence for their existence coeval with the rise of agriculture in other parts of the globe.
Yam cultivation in Papua, for example, consists of placing the tubers in prepared ground, heaping vegetation on them, waiting for them to propagate, and harvesting them. This work sequence is still performed by the women in the traditional societies of Southeast Asia; the men might perform the heavier duties of preparing the ground, or of fencing the area to prevent predation by pigs.
[sunting] Jaman logam awal di semenanjung Asia Tenggara
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[sunting] Jaman neolitik akhir dan jaman logam awal di Asia Tenggara kepulauan
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[sunting] Kerajaan-kerajaan kuno
Asia Tenggara telah didiami sejak jaman prasejarah. Masyarakat di daerah ini berkembang menjadi kebudayaan-kebudayaan besar dengan pengaruh dari India dan Tiongkok.
Kerajaan-kerajaan kuno ini dapat dibagi menjadi dua kategori. Kategori pertama adalah kerajaan-kerajaan agraria. Kegiatan utama mereka adalah pertanian. Kebanyakan negara-negara agraris terletak di semenanjung Asia Tenggara. Contohnya adalah Kerajaan Ayutthaya, yang berada di delta sungai Chao Phraya, dan Kerajaan Khmer yang berada di Tonle Sap. Kategori kedua adalah kerajaan-kerajaan maritim. Kegiatan utama mereka adalah perdagangan melalui laut. Malaka dan kerajaan Sriwijaya adalah negara-negara maritim.
Tidak banyak yang diketahui mengenai kepercayaan dan praktek keagamaan Asia Tenggara, sebelum kedatangan dan pengaruh agama dari para pedagang India pada abad ke-2 Masehi dan seterusnya. Sebelum abad ke-13, agama-agama Buddha dan Hindu adalah kepercayaan utama di Asia Tenggara. Kerajaan-kerajaan di daratan (semenanjung) Asia Tenggara pada umumnya memeluk agama Buddha, sedangkan kerajaan-kerajaan di kepulauan Melayu (nusantara) umumnya lebih dipengaruhi agama Hindu.
Beberapa kerajaan yang berkembang di semenanjung ini, awalnya bermula di daerah yang sekarang menjadi negara-negara Myanmar, Kamboja dan Vietnam.
The first dominant power to arise In the archipelago was Srivijaya in Sumatra. From the fifth century CE, the capital, Palembang, became a major seaport and functioned as an entrepot on the Spice Route between India and China. Srivijaya was also a notable centre of Buddhist learning and influence. Srivijaya's wealth and influence faded with changes in nautical technology in the tenth century CE. This enabled Chinese and Indian merchants to ship cargo directly between their countries and also enabled the Chola state in southern India to carry out a series of destructive attacks on Srivijaya's possessions, ending Palembang's entrepot function.
Java was dominated by a kaleidoscope of competing agrarian kingdoms including the Sailendras, Mataram and finally Majapahit.
Muslim traders started to visit Southeast Asia in the Twelfth Century CE. Pasai was the first Muslim state. Srivijaya finally collapsed after internal strife. The Sultanate of Malacca, founded by a Srivijayan prince, rose to prominence under Chinese patronage and assumed Srivijaya’s role. Islam spread throughout the archipelago in the 13th and 14th century at the expense of Hinduism with Malacca functioning (after its rulers converted) as the center of Islam in the region.
Other sultanates, such as Brunei in Borneo and Sulu in the modern day Philippines experienced relatively few contacts with other kingdoms.
[sunting] Penjajahan Eropa
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[sunting] Asia Tenggara saat ini
Modern Southeast Asia has been characterized by high economic growth by most countries and closer regional integration. Singapore, Brunei and Malaysia have traditionally experience high growth and are commonly recognized as the more developed countries of the region.While Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines are considerd as the mid-income country of Southeast Asia. As of late, Vietnam too is experiencing economic boom. Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and newly independent East Timor are still lagging however.
On August 8, 1967, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was founded by Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines. Since Cambodian admission into the union in 1999, East Timor is the only Southeast Asian country that is not part of ASEAN. The association aims to enhance cooperation among Southeast Asian community. ASEAN Free Trade Area has been established to encourage greater trade among ASEAN members. ASEAN has also been a front runner in greater integration of Asia-Pacific region through East Asia Summit.

[sunting] Lihat juga
- Agama Buddha di Asia Tenggara
- Agama Hindu di Asia Tenggara
- Sejarah Asia
- Sejarah Brunei
- Sejarah Kamboja
- Sejarah Timor Timur
- Sejarah Indonesia
- Sejarah Laos
- Sejarah Malaysia
- Sejarah Myanmar
- Sejarah Filipina
- Sejarah Singapura
- Sejarah Thailand
- Sejarah Vietnam
[sunting] Bacaan lebih lanjut
- (en) Heidhues,Mary Somer. "'Southeast Asia: A Concise History" ISBN 0500283036
- (en) Osborne, Milton. Southeast Asia. An introductory history. ISBN 1865083909
- (en) Tarling, Nicholas (ed). The Cambridge history of Southeast Asia Vol I. ISBN 0521663695
[sunting] Pranala luar
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