사용자:Russ/번역 클럽/이라크 투르크멘족

위키백과 ― 우리 모두의 백과사전.

이라크 투르크멘족의 깃발
실제 크기로
이라크 투르크멘족의 깃발

The Iraqi Turkmen (also spelled Turkoman) are a distinct Turkic ethnic group living in northern Iraq, notably in the cities of Arbil, Kirkuk, and Mosul.

이라크 투르크멘족 (또는 투르코만족(Turkoman)으로도 표기)은 이라크북쪽에 거주하는 distinct 투르크계 소수 민족으로 특히 아르빌, 키르쿠크, 모술에 거주한다.

Like the Assyrians, they claim to be the third largest ethnic group in the country (following the Arabs and the Kurds).

다른 아시리아인들처럼 그들도 이라크에서 3번째로 큰 민족이라고 주장한다(아랍인쿠르드족다음으로).

However, estimates of their numbers vary dramatically, from 222,000 [1] to 2,000,000. [2][3]

하지만 그들의 숫자는 매우 dramatically하고 22만2,000명에서 [1] 200만명으로 estimates한다. [4][5]

The Turkmen of Iraq are not to be confused with the Turkmen of Central Asia who reside primarily in Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, and Iran.

이라크 투르크멘족들은 primarily 투르크메니스탄, 아프가니스탄, 이란에 거주하는 거주하는 투르크멘족과는 are not to be confused이다.

Iraqi Turkmen form a distinct group within the Oghuz Turk classification. They are also referred to as Turkomans, Turcomans, or Turkmans.

이라크 투르크멘족의 모습은 오구즈투르크족 classification에선 특별한 민족이다.

They are also referred to as Turkomans, Turcomans, or Turkmans.

이라크 투르크멘족은 투르코만족/투르크만족(Turkomans/Turcomans/Turkmans)으로도 불리기도 한다.

목차

[편집] 언어

The Iraqi Turkmen speak a dialect of Turkish that is heavily influenced by Arabic, Kurdish and Ottoman Turkish.

이라크 투르크멘족들은 터키어의 방언을 사용한다. 이라크 투르크멘족들의 언어는 아랍어, 쿠르드어, 오스만터키어에 많이 영향을 받았다.

Ethnologue and Linguasphere classify their spoken language as a form of South Azerbaijani, thus making them linguistically closer of the Azeris of Azerbaijan and northern Iran.

에스놀로그와 Linguasphere는 이라크 투르크멘족들의 언어를 남아제르바이잔어로 classify했다. 그래서 이라크 투르크멘족들의 언어는 언어학적으로 이란 북부와 아제르바이잔아제르바이잔인에 더 가깝다.

For their written language, they use the standard Latin-influenced Turkish alphabet.[6]

이라크 투르크멘어를 표기하기 위해 문자는 표준 로마자에 영향을 받은 터키어 문자를 사용한다.[7]

They are Sunni Muslims by faith.

[편집] 역사

The origin of the Iraqi Turkmen dates back to the Seljuk Empire in 11th century.

이라크 투르크멘족의 기원은 11세기에 셀주크 투르크로 거슬러 올라간다.

Most of the Turkmen living in the region settled in northern Iraq during the early Seljuk period, when Turks migrated from Central Asia (Turkestan) to Anatolia, Iran and Iraq.

이 지역에 거주한 대부분의 투르크멘족들은 셀주크 초기 시기에 터키인들이 중앙아시아(투르키스탄)를 떠나 아나톨리아, 이란, 이라크에서 이주한 시기에 이라크 북부에 거주했다.

A recent addition to this population stock was by the Ottoman Empire who brought some Turks from Anatolia to the region from to secure and transport mail from Baghdad to Istanbul and vice versa in the 18th century.

Others were sent to the region by the Ottomans to repel tribal raids. [8] These groups settled at the entrances of the valleys that gave them access to Kurdish-dominated areas. This historic role of pacification has led to the development of strained relations between the Turkmen and the Kurds. [1] With the rise of Saddam Hussein and the Ba'ath domination over Iraq, a policy of Arabization was imposed on the Turkmen and the rest of Iraq's non-Arab minorities. It was declared in the constitution that schools were prohibited from using the Turkish language and banned Turkish-language media in Iraq. In the 1980s, Saddam prohibited the public use of the Turkish language completely.

[편집] Present 지위

Although some have been able to preserve their language, the Iraqi Turkmen today are being rapidly assimilated into the general population and are no longer tribally organized. [1] With the toppling of Saddam Hussein in 2003, tensions between the Kurds and the Turkmen grew substantially. As a result, Kirkuk soon became the only violent non-Arab city in Iraq during the Iraq War.

Iraqi Turkmen have also emerged as a key political force in the controversy over the future status of northern Iraq and the Kurdish Autonomous Region.

The government of Turkey has helped fund such political organizations as the Iraqi Turkmen Front, which opposes Iraqi federalism and in particular the proposed annexation of Kirkuk to the Kurdistan Regional Government. [9]

Tensions between the two groups over Kirkuk, however, have slowly died down and on January 30, 2006, the President of Iraq, Jalal Talabani, said that the "Kurds are working on a plan to give Iraqi Turkmen autonomy in areas where they are a majority in the new constitution they're drafting for the Kurdistan Region of Iraq."[10]

According to Zaman Daily Newspaper [11], some ten Turkmen individuals were elected to the transitional National Assembly of Iraq in January 2005, including five on the United Iraqi Alliance list, three from the Iraqi Turkmen Front (ITF), and two from the Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan.

In the December 2005 elections, about five Turkmen candidates were elected to the Council of Representatives, according to the ITF [12]. This included one candidate from the ITF (its leader Sadettin Ergec) and an estimated four candidates from other parties.

[편집] 각주

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Helen Chapin Metz and the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. Iraq: A Country Study, p. 86.
  2. Unrepresented Nations And Peoples Organization Yearbook: 1995
  3. Adherents.com - Iraq
  4. Unrepresented Nations And Peoples Organization Yearbook: 1995
  5. Adherents.com - Iraq
  6. The Iraqi Turkomans: Who They Are And What They Want, Radio Free Europe
  7. The Iraqi Turkomans: Who They Are And What They Want, Radio Free Europe
  8. Helen Chapin Metz and the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. Iraq: A Country Study, p. 85.
  9. Kurds Accused Of Rigging Kirkuk Vote, Al Jazeera
  10. Cevik, Ilnur (2006-01-30). Talabani: Autonomy for Turkmen in Kurdistan. Kurdistan Weekly. Retrieved on 2006-05-20.
  11. Interesting Outcomes in Iraqi Election, Zaman Daily Newspaper
  12. Turkmens Win Only One Seat in Kerkuk, Iraqi Turkmen Front