사용자:Russ/번역 클럽/엘리아스 뢴로트
위키백과 ― 우리 모두의 백과사전.
엘리아스 뢴로트(핀란드어: Elias Lönnrot, 1802년 4월 9일 - 1884년 5월 19일)는 핀란드의 Finnish philologist and collector of traditional Finnish oral poetry이다. He is best known for composing the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic.
핀란드의 삼마티(Sammatti)에서 태어났다. 투르쿠 아카데미에서 의학을 전공했다. 불행하게도 1년뒤에 투르쿠에 대형 화재가 일어나서, 대학과 도시의 절반이 불타는 수난을 격게 되었다. 뢴로트는 이때 헬싱키로 옮겼고(and much of the rest of the University), 1832년에 거기서 대학을 졸업했다. He got a job as district doctor of Kajaani (about in the middle of Finland) during a time of famine in the district. The famine had prompted the previous doctor to resign, making it possible for a very young doctor to get such a position. Several consecutive years of crop failure resulted in enormous losses of population and livestock; Lönnrot wrote letters to the State departments, asking for food, not medicines. He was the sole doctor for the about 4000 people of his district, at a time where doctors were rare and very expensive, and where people did not buy medicines from equally rare and expensive pharmacies, but rather trusted to their village healers and locally available remedies.
His true passion lay in his native Finnish language. He began writing about the early Finnish language in 1827 and began collecting folk tales from the rural people about that time.
Lönnrot went on extended leaves of absence from his doctor's office; he toured the countryside of Finland, Sapmi (Lapland), and nearby portions of Russian Karelia to support his collecting efforts. This led to a series of books: Kantele, 1829--1831 (the kantele is a Finnish traditional instrument); Kalevala, 1835--1836 (possibly Land of Heroes; better known as the "old" Kalevala); Kanteletar, 1840 (the Kantele Maiden); Sananlaskuja, 1842 (Proverbs); an expanded second edition of Kalevala, 1849 (the "new" Kalevala); and Finske-Svenskt lexikon, 1866--1880 (Finnish-Swedish Dictionary).
Lönnrot was recognised for his part in preserving Finland's oral traditions by appointment to the Chair of Finnish Literature at the University of Helsinki. He died on March 19, 1884 in Sammatti, in the province of Nylandia.
Botanists remember him for writing the first Finnish-language Flora Fennica - Suomen Kasvisto in 1860; in its day it was famed throughout Scandinavia, as it was among the very first common-language scientific texts. The second, expanded version was co-authored by Th. Saelan and published in 1866; this version is online here: ibiblio (in Finnish). The Flora Fennica would be comparatively insignificant were it not for the fact that Lönnrot, besides verses for the Kalevala, also collected uses of plants in his travels. His Flora Fennica includes many notes on plant uses in between descriptions of flower and leaf.
The Finnish graphic artist Erik Bruun used Lönnrot as a motif for the 500 markka banknote in his banknote series.
As a botanist he was well-respected, and in the standard botanical author abbreviation Lönnrot is applied to species he described.
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