사용자:Russ/번역 클럽/동파키스탄
위키백과 ― 우리 모두의 백과사전.
틀:파키스탄의 옛 행정 구역 동파키스탄(영어: East Pakistan, 벵골어: পূর্ব পাকিস্তান)은 1955년 - 1977년까지 존재했던 파키스탄의 옛 행정 구역이었다. 동파키스탄은 예전에 있던 행정 구역인 동벵골이 바뀐 지역이였고 지금은 방글라데시로 불리운다.
목차 |
[편집] Post Independence
partition of British India가 Bengal was split in 1947에 파키스탄과 인도로 분리된 뒤부터 동쪽 지역은 당시 파키스탄을 구성하던 4개의 province(다른 지역은 서펀자브, 신드, Baluchistan과 북서변경주)였다.
영국의 지배하에서 독립한 뒤에 동벵골은 파키스탄 정부가 방치해놔뒀고, 서파키스탄은 동파키스탄을 무력으로 다스렸다. A major cause of resentment among the Bengalis was economic exploitation. For example, between 1948 and 1960, East Pakistan's export earnings had been 70% of national total, while it only received 25% of the earnings. Between 1950 and 1970, only 34% of the development expenditure was spent in East Bengal despite having more than half the population [1]. Growing tensions led to the One-Unit Policy, implemented in 1955, which abolished the provinces. Under this policy, West Punjab, Balochistan, Sindh, and the Northwest Frontier were merged under the nominal designation of West Pakistan and East Bengal became East Pakistan.
Tensions peaked in 1971, following the cancellation by Pakistani President Yahya Khan of election results that gave the Awami League a majority in the parliament. The Awami League won almost all the seats in East Pakistan, but none in West Pakistan. East Pakistan had more than half the parliamentary seats because it was home to more than half the population. Although the Awami League was in a position to form a government without any coalition partner, it was forced to start negotiations with the Pakistan Peoples Party which had won most of the seats in West Pakistan. The negotiations failed and a 'military government' cancelled the results of the elections in 'East Pakistan'. Under the leadership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Bangladesh began its struggle for independence. The official onset followed one of the bloodiest holocausts of recent times carried out by the Pakistan army on Bengali civilians on 25th March, 1971, with an estimated 1-1.5 million Bengali deaths during the war [2].
[편집] 방글라데시의 독립
- 이 문서의 본문은 방글라데시 독립 전쟁입니다.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, being identified as a major influencer of the Bengalis, was arrested by the Pakistani Government. Ziaur Rahman, an army major then (later to be a President of Bangladesh) declared the Independence of Bangladesh, on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, using a makeshift radio transmitter from the port city of Chittagong. With the help of Bengali officers in the army, support of civilians and military/humanitarian aid from India, Bangladesh quickly put together the Mukti Bahini ("Freedom Fighters"), an armed group of young students, workers, farmers and other civilians.
Following a military crackdown on civilians in East Pakistan on 25th March 1971, Major Ziaur Rahman declared the independence of Bangladesh on behalf of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman on 26th March 1971. This started the Bangladesh Liberation War in which the Mukti Bahini, joined by 400,000 Indian soldiers in December, faced the Pakistani Army of 100,000. On 16th December 1971, the Pakistani Army surrendered to the Mitro Bahini (Allied Forces of Bangladesh Forces and Indian Army). Bangladesh quickly gained recognition from most countries and with the signing of the Shimla Accord, the remaining countries too accepted the new nation. Bangladesh joined the United Nations in 1974.
[편집] 동파키스탄 정부
1955년 10월 14일에 동벵골의 마지막 governor인 아미루딘 아마드(Amiruddin Ahmad)가 동파키스탄의 제1대 Governor이 되었다. 같은해 동벵골의 마지막 Chief Minister도 동파키스탄의 제1대 Chief Minister가 되었다. 이러한 체계는 구 Chief Minister가 동파키스탄과 서파키스탄 둘다 폐지할 때까지인 1958년에, military coup가 지속되었다. From 1958 to 1971 the administration was largely in the hands of the President of Pakistan and the Governor of East Pakistan who at times held the title of Martial Law Administrator.
Tenure | 동파키스탄의 governer |
---|---|
1955년 9월 14일 - 1956년 3월 | 아미루딘 아마드(Amiruddin Ahmad) |
1956년 3월 - 1958년 4월 13일 | A. K. 파즐룰 훅(A. K. Fazlul Huq) |
1958년 4월 13일 - 1958년 5월 3일 | 하미드 알리(Hamid Ali) (활동중) |
1958년 5월 3일 - 1958년 9월 10일 | 술타누딘 아마드(Sultanuddin Ahmad) |
1958년 9월 10일 - 1960년 4월 11일 | 자키르 후사인(Zakir Hussain) |
1960년 4월 11일 - 1962년 5월 11일 | Lt 겐 모하마드 아잠 칸(Lt Gen Mohammad Azam Khan) |
1962년 5월 11일 - 1962년 9월 25일 | Ghulam Faruque |
1962년 9월 25일 - 1969년 3월 23일 | 압둘 무님 칸(Abdul Munim Khan) |
23rd March 1969 - 25th March 1969 | 미르자 누룰 후다(Mirza Nurul Huda) |
25th March 1969 - 23rd August 1969 | 무자파루딘(Muzaffaruddin) (martial law administrator) |
23rd August 1969 - 1st September 1969 | 사합자다 야쿠브 칸(Sahabzada Yaqub Khan) (martial law administrator) |
1st September 1969 - 7th March 1971 | Syed Mohammad Ahsan |
7th March 1971 - 31st August 1971 | 티카 칸(Tikka Khan) (martial law administrator) |
31st August 1971 - 14th December 1971 | 압둘 모탈레브 말리크(Abdul Motaleb Malik) |
14th December 1971 - 16th December 1971 | A. A. K. 니아지(A. A. K. Niazi) (martial law administrator) |
16th December 1971 | Province of East Pakistan dissolved |
Tenure | Chief Minister of East Pakistan | Political Party |
---|---|---|
August 1955 - September 1956 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | Krishan Sramik Party |
September 1956 - March 1958 | Ata-ur-Rahman Khan | Awami League |
March 1958 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | Krishan Sramik Party |
March 1958 - 18th June 1958 | Ata-ur-Rahman Khan | Awami League |
18th June 1958 - 22nd June 1958 | Abu Hussain Sarkar | Krishan Sramik Party |
22nd June 1958 - 25th August 1958 | Governor's Rule | |
25th August 1958 - 7th October 1958 | Ata-ur-Rahman Khan | Awami League |
7th October 1958 | Post abolished | |
16th December 1971 | Province of East Pakistan dissolved |
[편집] 같이 보기
- Partition of India
- 동벵골
- 서파키스탄
- 방글라데시 독립 전쟁
- 비하르인
[편집] 바깥 고리
[편집] 각주
- ↑ Bangladesh Liberation War
- ↑ War Statistics
분류: 방글라데시의 역사 | 파키스탄의 역사 | 방글라데시 독립 전쟁 | 동파키스탄