세계의 법률 시스템
위키백과 ― 우리 모두의 백과사전.
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이 문서는 [[:{{{1}}}]]에서 한국어로 번역 중입니다. 원문은 글 안에 주석 처리되어 있습니다. 같이 번역해 주세요. |
전세계에는 다음의 4개의 주요한 법률 시스템이 존재한다:
- 대륙법
- 보통법
- 관습법
- 종교법
그러나, 각 국은 여러 시스템의 장점을 계수하여, 종종 파생형 시스템을 개발하곤 한다.
목차 |
[편집] 대륙법
대륙법은 전세계에서 가장 널리 사용된다. 이것은 또한 유럽 대륙법으로도 알려져 있다. 이것의 주요한 특징은 로마법에 근거한 사법이다.
성문화된 대륙법을 채택하고 있는 국가는 다음과 같다:
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based on civil law system; derived from Soviet and continental civil code legal principles. | |
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based on a civil code, highly influenced by the German civil code of 1900 (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch); the Greek civil code replaced in 1946 the Byzantine-Roman civil law in effect in Greece since its independence (Νομική Διάταξη της Ανατολικής Χέρσου Ελλάδος, Legal Provision of Eastern Mainland Greece, November 1821: 'Οι Κοινωνικοί Νόμοι των Αειμνήστων Χριστιανών Αυτοκρατόρων της Ελλάδος μόνοι ισχύουσι κατά το παρόν εις την Ανατολικήν Χέρσον Ελλάδα', 'The Social [i.e. Civil] Laws of the Dear Departed Christian Emperors of Greece [referring to the Byzantine Emperors] alone are in effect at present in Eastern Mainland Greece') | |
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based on codified Roman law, with elements of the Napoleonic civil code. | |
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modeled after European civil law system with English-American influence. | |
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Largely influenced by Germany, medium influences from Russian and Soviet law. | |
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Based on the Portuguese strand of the continental tradition, itself much influenced by Germany; also influenced by the law of the PRC | |
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As all Scandinavian legal systems, it is distinguished for its traditional character and as well as for the fact that it did not adopt elements of Roman law. It is indeed worth mentioning that it assimilated very few elements of foreign laws whatsoever. It is also interesting that the Napoleonic code had no influence in codification of law in Scandinavia. The historical basis of the law of Sweden, just as for all Nordic countries, is the Old German law. Codification of the law started in Sweden during the 18th century, preceding the codifications of most other European countries. However, neither Sweden, nor any other Nordic state created a civil code of the kind of the code civil or the BGB | |
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influenced by the Swiss civil law | |
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Communist legal theory and French civil law | |
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[편집] 보통법
- 이 문서의 본문은 보통법입니다.
국가 | 설명 | |
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based on English common law | |
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based on English common law, except in [[그림:틀:나라 정보 국기그림 - Quebec|25x15px|Quebec]] Quebec Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails | |
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based on English common law | |
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based on English common law | |
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based on English common law, separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus | |
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based on English common law | |
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based on English common law | |
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based on English Common Law, some Islamic Law applications in inheritance. Tribal Law in FATA | |
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based on English common law | |
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English law (also includes Wales) and Northern Irish law is primarily common law, with early Roman and some modern continental influences. Scotland has its own unique system, Scots law, based on civil law, and generally regarded as mixed | |
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federal court system based on English common law; each state has its own unique legal system, of which all but one (![]() |
[편집] 관습법
- 이 문서의 본문은 관습법입니다.
[편집] 종교법
- 이 문서의 본문은 종교법입니다.
[편집] 혼합된 시스템
[편집] 대륙법과 보통법
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South African law (a mixed system) transferred uno acto through a proclamation of reception | |
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Originally (1948) based on English common law; in the process, influenced by German civil law - for instance, between 1962 and 1981, the Knesset issued twenty (20) wide-ranging laws, which were clearly influenced by European continental law, and were in the form of codes | |
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South African law (a mixed system) transferred uno acto through a proclamation of reception | |
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Based on the French Napoleonic Code; the modern legal system of the state of Louisiana has its origin in the Louisiana Purchase (i.e. the sale of Louisiana - not coterminous with the present eponymous state - by Napoleon to the United States of America in 1803) | |
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Initially based on Roman Law and eventually progressed to the Code de Rohan, Code Napoleon with influences from Italian Civil Law. British Common Law however is also a source of Maltese Law, most notably in Public Law | |
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South African law (a mixed system) transferred uno acto through a proclamation of reception | |
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Based on Spanish law; influenced by US common law after 1898 (victory of the US over Spain in the Spanish-American war of 1898 and session of Philippines to the US) | |
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Based on Spanish law; influenced by US common law after 1898 (victory of the US over Spain in the Spanish-American war of 1898 and session of Puerto Rico to the US) | |
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After the defeat of the French in the battle at the Plains of Abraham, the English allowed them to keep their language (French), their religion (Roman Catholicism), and their legal system (civil law). However, Quebec being part of the Canadian Confederation means that English-based laws applied at the federal level are in effect in Quebec also. | |
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Scotland obtained a structurally mixed system by way of its merger with England through the Act of Union in 1707. Public law and public institutions became common, but both countries retained their own private laws - England kept its common law, while Scotland kept the Scots law, of Roman and Dutch origin. | |
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An amalgam of English common law and Roman-Dutch civil law | |
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South African law (a mixed system) transferred uno acto through a proclamation of reception | |
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South African law (a mixed system) transferred uno acto through a proclamation of reception |
[편집] 대륙법과 관습법
틀:Listdev
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Courts apply the customary laws of Andorra, supplemented with Roman law and customary Catalan law. [1] |
[편집] 더 보기
- 중국의 법
- 비교법
- 전통적인 중국의 법
- 사회주의 법
- 소련의 법
[편집] 외부 링크
- World Legal System, Website of the Faculty of Law of the University of Ottawa
- Australian Institute of Comparative Legal Systems
- Factbook list of legal systems
[편집] 참고자료
법률(Law) | ||
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세계의 법률 시스템 (Legal systems) |
보통법 | 대륙법 | 관습법 | 종교법 | 사회주의 법 | 국제법 | 로마법 | 시민법 | 만민법 | |
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법원 (근거) (Sources of law) |
성문법 (Legislation | 민법전 | Statutory interpretation) | |
불문법 (관습법 | 판례법 | 형평) | ||
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판결 (Adjudication) |
공법 (형법 | 대륙법 | 행정법) | |
사법 (민법 (보통법) | 채권법 | 계약 | 불법행위 | 유언 | 부동산) | ||
법원 (Adversarial system | Inquisitorial system | 증거법 | 사법부 | 변호사) | ||
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법학 (Jurisprudence) |
법철학 | 자연법 | 환경법학 | 법제사 | 법사상사 | 법사회학 | 비교법학 | 헌법학 | 행정법학 | 형사법학 | 민사법학 | 상사법학 | 노동법학 | 경제법학 | 사회보장법학 | 국제인권법학 | |
법률 영역의 목록 참조. |
분류: 번역중 | Legal systems | Law lists