사용자:Russ/번역 클럽/오토 쿠시넨
위키백과 ― 우리 모두의 백과사전.
오토 빌레 (빌헬름) 쿠시넨(핀란드어: Otto Wille Kuusinen 오토 빌레 쿠시넨[?], 러시아어: Отто Вильгельмович Куусинен 오토빌겔모비치 쿠시넨[?], 1881년 핀란드 라우카, – 1964년 5월 17일, 모스크바)는 핀란드와 소련의 정치인이자 문학가, 역사가, 시인이었다. 핀란드 내전에서 패배한 뒤, 죽을 때까지 볼셰비키 러시아에서 정치활동을 했다.
After having overthrown the more moderate party chairman Kari in 1906, Kuusinen came to dominate Finland's Social Democratic Party. He was a leader of the January 1918 revolution in Finland that created the short-lived Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic. After socialist republic was defeated in the Finnish Civil War in 1918, Kuusinen fled to Moscow and helped form the Finnish Communist Party. 쿠시넨은 1908년–1913년까지 핀란드 의회에서 활동했던 국회의원이었고 1911년–1917년까지 당 대표였다.
In Bolshevist Russia, soon renamed the Soviet Union, he continued his work as a prominent leader of the Comintern. In Finland a more moderate faction rehabilitated the Social Democrats under Väinö Tanner's strong leadership; meanwhile Kuusinen and other radicals were increasingly seen as responsible for the Civil War and its terrible aftermath.
Animosity against Socialists in Finland in the decades after the Civil War prompted many Finns to emigrate to Russia to "build Socialism." However, the Soviet Great Purge was a hard blow against Finns in the Soviet Union — most who didn't escape back to Finland were executed as unreliables in the 1930s — and Kuusinen's reputation in Finland was further damaged when he turned out to remain one of the very few not targeted by Stalinist show trials, deportations and executions.
When the Red Army began its unprovoked attack on Finland November 30th, 1939, he was immediately pronounced the head of the Terijoki Government, Stalin's puppet régime (of the so called Finnish Democratic Republic) intended to rule the captured Finland. But as the Winter War went wrong, and a negotiated peace with the Finnish government became unavoidable for the Soviet leadership, Kuusinen was put aside and made chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Karelo-Finnish SSR (1940–1956).
Already suspect, Kuusinen's involvement in the Terijoki government sealed the reputation among Finnish Socialists of Kuusinen as a traitor, and rather than the intended effect it contributed to the unification of the Finns and the healing of the wounds from the Civil War. The dislike was reciprocal. Memoirs and statements from people who knew Kuusinen are univocal. Kuusinen had, since his escape from Finland in 1918, nurtured a solely negative view of Finland and the Finns.
After fleeing to the Soviet Union, Kuusinen became an influential official in the state administration. He was a member of the Soviet Union's Politburo, the highest state organ, Stalin's ghostwriter and ideological adviser. Kuusinen also continued his work during the reign of Nikita Khrushchev (1953–1964). 쿠시넨은 러시아 공산당의 중앙 위원회의 비서로 1946년 – 1953년, 1957년 – 1964년까지 활동했다. 1952년과 1957년에 소련의 Presidium of the Supreme Soviet에 가입했다.
Kuusinen was one of the editors of The Fundamentals in Marxism-Leninism, considered one of the fundamental works on dialectical materialism and Leninist Communism. In the Kremlin politics he was considered "liberal" — and from its temporal distance his thinking pointed forward to the perestroika. While editing a new party programme for "rapid agricultural, industrial, and technological development" he championed giving up the concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat, to the horror of more conservative ideologists. In this he was supported by Khrushchev.
1958년에 쿠시넨은 소비에트 연방 과학 아카데미의 회원으로 뽑혔다.
쿠시넨은 1964년 5월 17일에 모스크바에서 죽었다. 그의 유해는 Kremlin Wall Necropolis에 매장되었다.
[편집] 바깥 고리
- An address to Finland's proletarians from Kuusinen's puppet régime
분류: 1881년 태어남 | 1964년 죽음 | 핀란드의 정치인 | 소비에트 연방의 정치인 | 제2차 세계대전 관련자