ᏥᏍᏕᏥ

From Wikipedia

?Rats
Fossil range: Early Pleistocene - Recent
Image:Blackrat.jpg
ᎬᎿᎨ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ (Rattus rattus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: gantlaiia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: gantlaiia
Order: Rodentia
Superfamily: Muroidea*
Family: Muridae
Subfamily: Murinae
Genus: Rattus
Fischer ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ Waldheim, 1803
ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ

50 species; see text
*Several subfamilies of Muroids
include animals called rats.

ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ ᏌᏊ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ 56 ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎤᏍᏗ, ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ rodentᎤᎾᏙᏣᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ Rattus.

Contents

[edit] ᎯᎠ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ

ᎯᎠ ᎣᎯᏍᏗ-ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎬᎿᎨ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ Rattus rattus ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏬᏗᎨ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ R. norvegicus. ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ, ᎠᎴ originated ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Asia. ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏔᏂᏗ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎦᏃᏢᏥᏙᎯ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏴᎵ ᎡᎶᎯ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ, ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎦᏙᏗ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ 500 ᏄᏓᎨᏒᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎨᏯᏔᎯ. ᎯᎠ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ "ᏥᏍᏕᏥ" ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏚᎾᏙᎥ ᏐᎢ ᎤᏍᏗ gantlaiᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ. ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏴᏢ ᏴᏩᏁᎬ ᎦᏇᏅᏗ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ, ᏎᏍᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏗᏲᏒᎯ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎠᏓᎾᏫᏛᏗ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ, ᎠᎴ ᏎᏍᏗ ᎠᏂᏐᎢ. ᏐᎢ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ Bandicoot ᏥᏍᏕᏥ Bandicota bengalensis ᎠᎴ murine rodents ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎠᎾᏓᏛᏂ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏁᎳ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ Rattus. ᎯᎠ ᏂᎬᎢ ᎠᏗᎦᎴᏴ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᏗ ᎠᏂᎦᏲᎵ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎯ ᏧᏓᎴᎿᎢ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ. ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎽᏰᎵ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᏛ ᎤᎭ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎦᏂᏰᎩ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ ᏗᎦᎶᎪᏗ ᎤᏲᎱᏎᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏓᎪᏅᏙᏗᏱ ᎬᏙᏗ Angelo Rantac, ᎬᎿᎨ, ᎠᎴ Polynesian ᏥᏍᏕᏥ.

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏩᏗᏒ, ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏴᏫ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏗ ᎫᏄᏡᏂ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᏓᏅᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ R. norvegicus, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ahena ahani ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᎾᏫᏗᏍᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᏍᏛᏗ Europe ᎠᎴ ᏭᎵᏱᎶᎸ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ 1775, ᎯᎠ ᎢᏤ ᎡᎶᎯ. ᎤᏓᏅᏗ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᏬᏗᎨ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ahena vhnai ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏗᏓᏓᏂᎸᏣᏘ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏅᎠᏯᏍᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ "ᎦᎸᏉᏗᏍᎬ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ", ᎠᎴ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᏙᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎦᏚᎲᎢ "ᎤᎶᎯᏍᏗ" ᏥᏍᏕᏥ. ᎫᏄᏡᏂ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎠᎾᏕᎶᏆᏍᎬ ᎬᎾᏬᏍᎬ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎨᏯᏔᎯ ᏧᏂᎦᏴᎵᎨ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎥᏳᎩ ᎠᏞᏴᏍᏙᏗ, ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎲ.

ᎯᎠ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᎴᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎥᏂᎨ ᏴᏫ. ᎯᎠ ᎬᎿᎨ ᎤᏢᎢᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᎤᏬᎯᏳᏅ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ micro-ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏅᎯ Yersinia pestis, ᎠᏫᏛᏓ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᏣᏑᎦ Xenopsylla cheopis ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎾᎿ R. rattus ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ European ᏕᎦᏚᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦ; ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᎦᏪᏛ Ꮎ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎨᏒᎩ ᎠᏥᏐᏅᏅ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏢᎢᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎤᏅᏌ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎭ ᏝᏱᎪᎯᎩ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ Ꮎ ᎥᏝ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ infected ᏣᏑᎦ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏰᏍᏛᏗ ᎦᏣᏄᎳ ᏰᎵᏊ ᏗᎬᏩᎶᏒ Europe ᎾᏍᏋ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ ᎤᏠᎾᏍᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎪᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏅᎠᏯᏍᏗ ᏫᎬᎵᏱᎴᎩ. ᎾᎪᎲᎾ, ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ hno ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᏓᏓᏁᎭ ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ. ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎤᎭ ᎠᏫᏛᏓ ᎾᎾᎯ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᏄᏦᏍᏛᎾ ᎪᎵᏍᏗ: ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎩᎵᏏ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ, "ᏥᏍᏕᏥ" ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏓᏕᎰᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ "ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎾᎿ ᎩᎶ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ" ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᏓᎶᏄᎮᏗ ᎠᏂ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏚᎾᎳᏏᏛ ᎠᏍᎦᏅᏨ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏐᏅ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᏗ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎾᏛᏁᎸ. ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎪᎯᏊ ᎢᏴ ᏥᎩ ᎨᏯᏔᎯ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏫᏛᏗ Leptospirosis ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᏛ ᏐᎢ "zoonotic" ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ (ᎾᏍᎩ ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏭᏚᏓᏲᎯᏎᎸ ᏗᎦᎾᏗᎯᏍᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ, ᎠᏂᏴᏫ, ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ), ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏯᏛᎾ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎢᏅᎯ ᎢᏳᏓᎵ ᎠᏩᏛᏗ. ᎨᏯᏔᎯ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎣᏍᏛ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ nvwatohiyadv ᎠᎴ ᎤᏓᎵᏂᎩᏛ ᎡᎿᎢ ᎡᎥ. ᎨᏯᏔᎯ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴᏂᏙᎲ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏕᎦᏚᎲ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ agilyoasdi ᎤᏅᏌ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏲᎢᏳᏛᎾᎮᏕᎩ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎭᏫᏂ ᎠᏥᎾᏝᎢᎠᎴ ᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎠᏰᏍᏛᏗ ᎥᏳᎩ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ.

ᎯᎠ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᏗᎪᏢᏅ ᎣᏌᏂ ᎤᏓᏅᏗ, ᎤᎾᏅᏛ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ Ꮝ ᎪᎱᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ, ᎠᏓᎦᎵᏍᏙᏗ. ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᏭᎶᏒᏍᏔᏅ ᎤᏓᏅᎦᎸᏓ. ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᏚᏕᏲᏅᎩ ᎤᏓᏅᏘ ᏓᎾᎵᏃᎮᏍᎬ ᎬᏩᏓᎵᏓᏍᏗ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ ᎦᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏐᎢ ᎫᏄᏡᏂ ᎡᎿᎢ ᎡᎥ.

ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎤᎭ ᏄᎶᏒᏍᏛᎾ ᎤᏃᏴᎬ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏔᎵ ᎯᏍᎩ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ, ᎤᏁᎳᎩ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏊ ᏦᎢ ᏧᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ.

[edit] ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ

ᎯᎸᎯᏳᎢ ᎶᎻ ᏄᏛᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ, ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏩᏎᎯᎲᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏅᏔᏅ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Mus Maximus (ᎡᏆ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ) ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎣᏂᏯᎨ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Mus Minimus (ᎤᏍᏗ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ).

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ Chinese ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ, ᎯᎠ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ (ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᏩᏎᎸᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ) ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ ᎯᎠ ᏔᎵᏚ ᎡᎿᎢ ᎡᎥ ᎯᎠ Chinese ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ. ᏴᏫ ᎤᏕᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎯ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎠᎴ utugi uwasv ᏄᏩᎿᏅ ᎢᎦ ᏦᏍᏓ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏅᎯ ᎬᏙᏗ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ, ᏧᏳᎪᏗᎭ, ᎠᎾᏓᏁᎲ, ᎠᎦᎵᏯ, ᎤᎵᏍᏓ ᎤᏓᏅᏖᏗ. "ᏥᏍᏕᏥ" (ᎠᏯ.e. ᏴᏫ ᎤᏕᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ) ᎠᎴ ᏄᏪᏒᎩ ᎠᎩᏍᏗᏱ ᎨᎳᏛᏍᏗ ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ ᎬᏙᏗ "ᎠᏓᎵᏍᎩᏱᏍᎩ" ᎠᎴ "ᏓᎦᏘᎴᎬ," ᎠᎴ ᎠᎩᏍᏗᏱ ᎨᎳᏛᏍᏗ ᎥᏳᎩ ᎬᏙᏗ "ᎠᏂᏐᏈᎵ."

Ganesh ᎠᎩᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ. ᎠᏓᏚᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏥᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏂᎬᏁᏗᎢ.  ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ Vaidyeshwara ᏧᏂᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ Talakkadu, Karnataka, ᎠᎹ ᎦᏄᎪᎬ
Ganesh ᎠᎩᎸᎥᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ. ᎠᏓᏚᎬ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎯᎠ ᎠᏂᏥᎸᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎵᏂᎬᏁᏗᎢ. ᎤᏙᏢᏒ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎯᎠ Vaidyeshwara ᏧᏂᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ Talakkadu, Karnataka, ᎠᎹ ᎦᏄᎪᎬ

ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎹ ᎦᏄᎪᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᎤᏴᏢ ᎦᏚᎲᎢ Deshnoke, ᎯᎠ Karni Mata ᏧᏂᎳᏫᎢᏍᏗ, ᎯᎠ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᎲᎩ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏩᎫᏗᏗᏒ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ reincarnation ᏥᏄᏍᏗ Sadhus, Hindu ᎦᎸᏉᏗᏳ ansigaya. ᎯᎠ ᎠᏁᏙᎲ ᎠᎵᏣᏙᎲᏍᎩ ᎨᎳᏍᏙᏗ ᎤᏅᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏛᏒ ᎤᎦᏔ, ᎦᏙ ᎤᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎦᏣᏄᎶ ᎤᎾᏣ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏒ, ᎯᎠ ᎡᎿᎢ ᎡᎥ. ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᎲᏍᎬ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ Ꮎ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎤᏒᏂᎸ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎿᎢ ᎡᎥ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᏓᏙᎵᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Hindu ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ, ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ Ganesha. ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏒ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᏂᎦᎥᏊ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ. ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏄᎵᏍᏛ, "ᏥᏍᏕᏥ!" ᎨᏒᎢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᏅᎪᏢᎯᏐᏗᏱ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏧᏓᎴᏅᏓ ᎤᏁᎩᎳᏗ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ. ᎾᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏒ ᎿᏛᎦ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏎᎯᏍᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ se, ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎬᎫ biological ᎠᎴ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ, ᎠᎴ ᏰᎵᏊ ᏱᎩ ᏂᏛᎴᏅᏓ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᏒ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ (ᎠᎴ ᏣᏑᎦ) ᎬᏙᏗ ᎯᎠ 14th-sqohitsuqui tsudetiyvdi lyudetiyvda ᎤᏢᎢᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎤᏯᏅᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎬᎿᎨ ᎠᏲᎱᎯᏍᏗ. ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎪᎲᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏲᎶᎬ, ᎦᏓᎭ, ᎠᎩᏍᎬᎢ ᎡᎿᎢ ᎡᎥ Ꮎ ᎦᏃᏍᎩᏍᏗ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏰᏍᏛᏗ ᎥᏳᎩ. ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ, ᎠᏂᎩᏟ, ᎠᎴ ᏪᏌ ᎠᎾᏍᎬᏘ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏁᎸ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ, ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏭᏕᎵᎬᏗᏢ ᎠᏰᎵ ᏚᎾᏙᏢᏩᏗᏒ ᎠᏲᎶᎬ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᎾᎯᏳᎢ ᎾᎾᏛᏁᎲ ᎯᎠ ᎤᏠᏱ feral ᎠᏂᎩᏟ ᎠᎴ ᏪᏌ ᏯᏓᎢᏗᏏ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏦᎠᏎᏗ ᎪᎷᏩᏛᏓ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎧᏃᏗᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏴᏫ. ᏓᎦᏘᎴᎬ, ᎠᏍᎦᏯ-ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᎲᏍᎬ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏓᎦᏘᎴᎬ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ James Herbert ᎤᏤᎵ ᎦᎾᏰᎩ ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎪᏪᎵ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ Ꮝ ᎦᏟᏐᏗᎩ. phobia ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎠᏓᎩᎵᏲᏍᏙᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏗᎧᏃᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎪᏪᎵ ᏐᏁᎳᏚ ᏁᎳᏍᎪᎯ-ᏅᎩ ᎾᎥᎢ George Orwell'. ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏧᏣᏔᏊ ᏦᏍᏗᏓᏄᏫ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ Brian Jacques ᎤᏤᎵ Redwall ᎧᏁᏉᎥᎢ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ anthropomorphic ᎢᏰᎵᏍᏗᎢ ᏗᎪᎵᏰᏗ ᎪᏪᎵ. ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎬᏂ ᏗᎦᏘᎸᏓ; ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ, ᎯᎠ ᎠᎦᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎠᎨᏴ. Frisby ᎠᎴ ᎯᎠ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ NIMH, ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏉᎥᎢ ᎤᏠᏱᎭ Ratz ᎠᎴ Terry Pratchett ᎤᏤᎵ ᎯᎠ Amazing Maurice ᎠᎴ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎥᎦᏔᎲᎢ Rodents. ᏄᏍᏛ ᎠᏂᏃᎮᏍᎬ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ "ᏥᏍᏕᏥ-ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ" ᎤᏠᏱᎭ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏄᎦᏎᏍᏛᎾ ᎠᎴ ᎾᎪᎯᏳᎲᏍᎬᎾ. ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎢ, ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᎪᏢᏒᎢ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎤᎵᎶᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎴᏴᏗᏍᎬᎢ.

ᎾᎿ ᎯᎠ ᎠᎽᏰᎵ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ (ᎩᎵᏏ ᏓᎳᏏᏛ) ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᏅᏍᏙᎯᏍᏗ ᏗᎦᏘᎴᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎧᏁᏨ "ᏥᏍᏕᏥ." ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ longtail ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᏗ.

ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ (ᏚᏙᎥᎢ ᎠᎴ verb) ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ (ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ Mafia) ᎢᏤ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᎾᎢ ᏔᎵᏁ ᎠᏓᎴᏁ ᎠᏓᏃᎯᏎᏗ.

ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᏏᎾᏍᏛ ᎠᎦᏛᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ; ᎤᎪᏗᏗ gantlai ᏂᏚᏳᎪᏛ yvwi ᏗᎪᏏᏐᏗ Ꮎ ᎧᏅᏩᏅᎯ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎪᎯ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎤᏲ ᎢᏯᏓᏛᏁᎯ. ᎯᎠ ᎠᎴᏂᏍᎬ "lab ᏥᏍᏕᏥ" ᎨᏒᎢ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ, ᎾᏍᎩᏯᎢ ᎠᏕᎳ ᎠᏛ ᏏᏆ, ᏄᏍᏛ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ ᎠᏏᏴᏫ ᎦᎪ ᎨᏒᎢ sgv ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎠᎾᏓᏟᏏᏍᎬ ᎠᎦᏛᏗ ᏄᏍᏛ.

[edit] ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ gantlai

ᏬᏗᎨ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ (Rattus norvegicus)
ᏬᏗᎨ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ (Rattus norvegicus)

ᎾᎥᎢ ᎤᎪᏗᏗ ᏰᎵᏊ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ, ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᏍᎩᎾᏗᏍᏗ ᎠᎴ gantlai. ᎤᏅᏌ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᏠᎨᏏ ᏓᏫᏒ ᎠᎴ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᏂᎬᎿᏅ. ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᏰᎵᏇ ᏄᎵᏍᏛ utana ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎭᏢᏃ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᎭ Ꮭ predators, ᏯᏛᎿ ᏥᏄᏍᏗ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎤᏙᎯᏳ ᏕᎦᏚᎲ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏗᏎᏍᏗ ᏰᎵᏇ ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎠᏍᏓᏯ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏒ. ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎪᎯ, ᎯᎠ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ Alberta, Canada ᎤᎭ upheld ᎠᎴ ᎢᎦᏘᎭ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ-ᎠᏎᏊᎢ ᏄᏍᏗᏓᏅ ᎣᏂ ᏧᏩᎫᏛ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎬᏱ 1950s; ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎸ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏙᏗ ᎤᏓᏅᏗ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ.

ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎤᎭ ᎦᏛᎬᎢ ᏓᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎠᏛᎯᏍᏙᏗ. ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏗ ᏧᏓᎴᎾᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᏄᏓᎷᎸᎾ Ꮎ ᏂᎦᎥᏇ ᎠᏰᎵ 1/5 ᎠᎴ ⅓ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎦᏟᏌᏅ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎦᎳᏅᎯ, ᎤᏲᏨᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏲᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᏐᎢ rodents.[1],[2]

ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏫᏛᏗ ᎦᏬᎯᎸᏙᏗ ᏦᏍᎪᎯ ᏄᏓᎴᎿᎥ ᎥᏳᎩ ᎦᏂᏰᎬ ᎠᏂᏴᏫ, ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏗᏍᎩ Weil ᎤᏤᎵ ᎥᏳᎩ, typhus ᎠᎴ bubonic ᎤᏢᎢᏍᏗᏍᎬ.

ᎢᎬᏂᏏᏍᎩ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎠᎴ ᏒᎯᏰᏱ, ᎯᎳᎪ ᎢᏳ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎪᎲᎢ atsinuqowisgv ᎠᎴ ᎬᏩᏚᏫᏛ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎢᎦ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏰᎵᏇ ᎤᏁᎫᏥᏛ Ꮎ ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᎤᏁᏍᎩᎸᏒ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎡᎯᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ, ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ, ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎵᏂᎬᏁᏗᎢ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎦᎫᏘ ᎢᏧᏟᎶᏛ ᎤᏅᏔᏂᏓᏍᏗ ᎾᎿᎢ ᎨᏒᎢ utuna ᎠᏂ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎥᎢ ᎡᏍᎦᏂ. [3] ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎢᏯᏛᏁᎵᏓᏍᏗ ᎾᎾᎢ ᎪᎯ ᎪᏍᏓᏱ Ꮎ gantlai ᎠᎨᏔᏗᏍᏗ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏗ ᏫᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎧᏁᏉᎩ.Template:Clr

ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎢᏳᏓᎵᎭ ᎠᎵᏍᏓᏴᏗ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ ᏍᏕᏱᏛ. yvwatuwidv 26% ᏂᎦᏛ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎠᎾᎦᎵᏍᎩ ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ ᏍᏕᏱᏛ ᏧᎵ ᏍᏆᎵᏓ ᎠᎴ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ, ᎠᎴ yvwatuwidv 18% ᏂᎦᏛ ᏗᎵᏃᎮᏗ ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ ᏍᏕᏱᏛ ᏧᎵ ᏍᏆᎵᏓ. yvwatuwidv 25% ᏂᎦᏛ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎤᎧᏁᎳ ᎠᏓᎴᏂᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎾᏍᏋ ᎢᎬᏂᏌᏅᎯ ᎾᎥᎢ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ.[4]

ᏥᏍᏕᏥ, ᎾᏍᎩᎾ ᎨᏒ ᎦᏦᏔ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ (Rattus rattus), ᏰᎵᏇ ᎠᏴᏍᏗ ᎯᎠ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᏚᏁᏅᏒ ᎭᏢᏃ ᎤᏅᏌ ᎤᎾᎵᎪᎯ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏁᏍᎩᎸᏒ. ᎪᎯ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏙᏗ ᎢᎬᏁᏗ ᏄᎵᏍᏔᏅ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ ᎦᏙᎯ, ᎡᎷᏪᎢ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎤᏴᎸ ᎠᎴ ᎤᎦᎾᏮ ᎠᎴ ᎦᎸᏉᏙᏗ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᎯᎠ cleanest, ᎠᏔᎴᏒ ᎠᎹᏱ-ᎠᏍᏆᏂᎪᏔᏅ ᏚᏁᏅᏒ.

[edit] ᎠᎪᏩᏛᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᏍᏇ

  • ᎦᎸᏉᏗᏍᎬ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ — ᎤᏓᏅᏗ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ
  • ᏥᏍᏕᏥ-ᎠᏑᏗ ᎦᏙᏗ
  • ᏥᏍᏕᏥ-ᎠᎾᏗᏒᎯᎯ
  • ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᏣᏪᏐᎸᏍᏙᏗ
  • ᏥᏍᏕᏥ (ᎠᏍᏓᏅᏅ)
  • ᏙᎪᏩᎸ fictional ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᎠᎴ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ

[edit] ᎠᏓᏁᎳᏅᎯ Rattus

ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ Rattus ᎨᏒᎢ ᎨᎳ ᎯᎠ ᏂᎬᎢ subfamily Murinae. ᎾᎿᎢ ᎠᎴ ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏐᎢ murine genera Ꮎ ᎠᎴ ᏱᏓᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅ ᎠᎦᏎᏍᏔᏅ ᎢᎦᏛ Rattus.  : Lenothrix, Anonymomys, Sundamys, Kadarsanomys, Diplothrix, Margaretamys, Lenomys, Komodomys, Palawanomys, Bunomys, Nesoromys, Stenomys, Taeromys, Paruromys, Abditomys, Tryphomys, Limnomys, Tarsomys, Bullimus, Apomys, Millardia, Srilankamys, Niviventer, Maxomys, Leopoldamys, Berylmys, Mastomys, Myomys, Praomys, Hylomyscus, Heimyscus, Stochomys, Dephomys, ᎠᎴ Aethomys.

ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ Rattus ᏗᏙᎳᎩ ᎢᎦᎢ ᎨᏐ 56 ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ. subgeneric ᎤᏄᎸᎲᏍᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎤᎭ ᏭᏪᏙᎢ ᎧᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏛᏁ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏠᏯᏍᏛ ᏂᎦᏛ ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ. ᎯᎠ ᎯᏍᎩ ᏚᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ ᎠᎴ:

  • norvegicus ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ
  • rattus ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ
  • Australian ᎾᏰᎯᏯ
  • ᎢᏤ ᎠᏕᎳ ᎾᏰᎯᏯ
  • xanthurus ᎤᎾᏓᏟᏌᎲ

ᎯᎠ ᎠᏍᏓᏩᏗᏒ ᏙᎪᏩᎸ ᎨᏒᎢ ᎩᎶ ᏂᏓᏳᏅᏅ ᎪᏪᎵ.

[edit] ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ

  • ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ Rattus
    • Rattus adustus
    • Rattus annandalei
    • Rattus argentiventer
    • Rattus baluensis
    • Rattus bontanus
    • Rattus burrus
    • Rattus colletti
    • Rattus elaphinus
    • Rattus enganus
    • Rattus everetti
    • Rattus exulans
    • Rattus feliceus
    • Rattus foramineus
    • Rattus fuscipes
    • Rattus giluwensis
    • Rattus hainaldi
    • Rattus hoffmani
    • Rattus hoogerwerfi
    • Rattus jobiensis
    • Rattus koopmani
    • Rattus korinchi
    • Rattus leucopus
    • Rattus losea
    • Rattus lugens
    • Rattus lutreolus
    • Rattus macleari
    • Rattus marmosurus
    • Rattus mindorensis
    • Rattus mollicomulus
    • Rattus montanus
    • Rattus mordax
    • Rattus morotaiensis
    • Rattus nativitatis
    • Rattus nitidus
    • Rattus norvegicus
    • Rattus novaeguineae
    • Rattus osgoodi
    • Rattus palmarum
    • Rattus pelurus
    • Rattus ᏗᎫᎪᏗᏍᎩ
    • Rattus ranjiniae
    • Rattus rattus
    • Rattus sanila
    • Rattus sikkimensis
    • Rattus simalurensis
    • Rattus sordidus
    • Rattus steini
    • Rattus stoicus
    • Rattus tanezumi
    • Rattus tawitawiensis
    • Rattus timorensis
    • Rattus tiomanicus
    • Rattus tunneyi
    • Rattus turkestanicus
    • Rattus villosissimus
    • Rattus xanthurus

[edit] ᎤᏗᏗᏢ ᏓᎪᎵᏰᏍᎬ ᎠᎴ ᏫᏓᏎᎸᎢ

  • ᎯᎠ ᎧᏃᎮᎸᏍᎩ ᏥᏍᏕᏥ: ᎤᎾᏤᎵ ᏓᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎢᏧᎳ ᎠᏴ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᏆᏤᎵ ᏓᏓᏛᎾᏍᏗᏍᎬ ᎾᎿ ᎠᏂ, . Anthony Barnett, Allen & Unwin, koga ᎤᏁᏍᎩᎸᏒ, NSW, Australia, 2002, ᏗᏓᏁᏟᏴᎡᏗ paperback, 202 ᏚᏆᏓᏛ, ISBN 1-86508-519-7 .
  • Musser, G. G. ᎠᎴ M. D. Carleton. 1993. ᏏᏓᏁᎸᎯ Muridae. Pp. 501-755 ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ gantlai ᎢᏧᎳᎭ ᏗᏂᏱᎴᎩ ᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ Taxonomic ᎠᎴ Geographic ᏩᏎᎸᎯ. D. E. Wilson ᎠᎴ D. M. Reeder eds. Smithsonian ᏓᎾᏕᏲᎲᏍᎬ ᏗᏂᎴᏱᏗᏍᎩ, Washington D.C.
  • Nowak, R. M. 1999. ᏗᎦᏣᏄᎶ ᎤᎾᏣ ᎤᏤᎵ gantlaiᎯᎠ ᎡᎶᎯ, Vol. 2. ᎦᎳᏅᎯ Hopkins ᏗᏕᎶᏆᏍᏗ ᏗᏂᎴᏱᏗᏍᎩ, London.
  • Sullivan, R. 2004. ᏥᏍᏕᏥ ᏑᏕᏘᏴᏓ ᎬᏙᏗ ᎢᏤ York´s ᎤᎪᏗᏗ Unwanted Inhapitants. Granta ᏗᎪᏪᎵ, London

[edit] ᎤᏓᏎᎦᏤᏗ ᏗᏕᎬᏔᏛ