Βραβεία Νόμπελ Ιατρικής
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Λίστα βραβευθέντων με Βραβείο Νόμπελ στην Ιατρική απο το 1901 έως σήμερα.
1900 - 1910 - 1920 - 1930 - 1940 - 1950 - 1960 - 1970 - 1980 - 1990 - 2000
Οι κάτοχοι του Νόμπελ Ιατρικής
1901 Emil A. von Behring (Γερμανία, (15/3/1854 - 31/3/1917), for work on serum therapy against diphtheria 1902 Sir Ronald Ross (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο,13/5/1857 - 16/9/1932), for work on malaria 1903 Niels R. Finsen (Δανία, 15/12/1860 - 24/9/1904 ), for his treatment of lupus vulgaris with concentrated light rays 1904 Ivan P. Pavlov (ΕΣΣΔ, (14/9/1849 - 27/2/1936), for work on the physiology of digestion 1905 Robert Koch (Γερμανία, (11/12/1843 - 27/5/1910) , for work on tuberculosis 1906 Camillo Golgi (Ιταλία, 7/7/1843- 21/1/1926) και Santiago Ramon y Cajal (Ισπανία, 1/5/1852 - 17/18/10/1934), for work on structure of the nervous system 1907 Charles L. A. Laveran (Γαλλία, (18/6/1845 - 18/5/1922), for work with protozoa in the generation of disease 1908 Paul Ehrlich (Γερμανία, 14/3/1854- 20/8/1915) και Elie Metchnikoff (ΕΣΣΔ, 1845- 15/7/1916), for work on immunity 1909 Theodor Kocher (Ελβετία, 25/8/1841- 27/7/1917), for work on the thyroid gland 1910 Albrecht Kossel (Γερμανία, 1853- 5/7/1927), for achievements in the chemistry of the cell 1911 Allvar Gullstrand (Σουηδία, 5/6/1862 - 28/7/1930), for work on the dioptrics of the eye 1912 Alexis Carrel (Γαλλία, 28/6/1873 - 5/11/1944), for work on vascular ligature και grafting of blood vessels και organs 1913 Charles Richet (Γαλλία, 25/8/1850- 4/12/1935), for work on anaphylaxy 1914 Robert Barany (Αυστρία, 22/4/1876–8/4/1936), for work on physiology και pathology of the vestibular system 1919 Jules Bordet (Βέλγιο, 13/6/1870 - 6/4/1961) , for discoveries in connection with immunity 1920 August Krogh (Δανία, 15/11/1874 – 13/9/1949), for discovery of regulation of capillaries' motor mechanism 1922 Archibald V. Hill (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 26/9/1886- 3/6/1977), for discovery relating to heat-production in muscles, και Otto Meyerhof (Γερμανία, 12/4/1884- 6/10/1951), for correlation between consumption of oxygen και production of lactic acid in muscles 1923 Sir Frederick Banting (Καναδάς, 14/11/1891- 21/2/1941) και John J. R. Macleod (Σκοτία, 6/9/1876- 16/3/1935), for discovery of insulin 1924 Willem Einthoven (Ολλανδία,21/5/1860- 28/9/1927 ), for discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram 1926 Johannes Fibiger (Δανία, 23/4/1867- 30/1/1928), for discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma 1927 Julius Wagner-Jauregg (Αυστρία, 7/3/1857- 27/9/1940), for use of malaria inoculation in treatment of dementia paralytica 1928 Charles Nicolle (Γαλλία, 21/9/1866- 28/2/1936), for work on typhus exanthematicus 1929 Christiaan Eijkman (Ολλανδία, 11/8/1858- 5/11/1930), for discovery of the antineuritic vitamins, και Sir Frederick Hopkins (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 1861-16/5/1947), for discovery of growth-promoting vitamins 1930 Karl Landsteiner (ΗΠΑ, 14/6/1868 – 26/6/1943), for discovery of human blood groups 1931 Otto H. Warburg (Γερμανία, 8/10/1883- 1/8/1970), for discovery of the character και mode of action of the respiratory ferment 1932 Sir Charles Sherrington (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 27/11/1857- 4/3/1952) και Edgar D. Adrian (ΗΠΑ, 30/11/1889- 4/8/1977), for discoveries of the function of the neuron 1933 Thomas H. Morgan (ΗΠΑ, 25/9/1866- 4/12/1945), for discoveries on hereditary function of the chromosomes 1934 George H. Whipple (28/8/1878- 1/2/1976), George R. Minot (2/12/1895- 25/2/1950), και William P. Murphy (6/2/1892- 9/10/1987) (ΗΠΑ), for discovery of liver therapy against anemias 1935 Hans Spemann (Γερμανία, 27/6/1869- 12/9/1941), for discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development 1936 Sir Henry Dale (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 9/6/1875- 23/7/1968) και Otto Loewi (Γερμανία, 3/6/1873- 25/12/1961), for discoveries on chemical transmission of nerve impulses 1937 Albert Szent-Gyorgyi von Nagyrapolt (Ουγγαρία,16/9/1893- 22/10/1986 ), for discoveries on biological combustion 1938 Corneille Heymans (Βέλγιο, 1892-18/7/1968), for determining importance of sinus και aorta mechanisms in the regulation of respiration 1939 Gerhard Domagk (Γερμανία, 30/10/1895- 24/4/1964), for antibacterial effect of prontocilate 1943 Henrik Dam (Δανία, 21/2/1895- 4/1976) και Edward A. Doisy (ΗΠΑ, 13/11/1893- 23/10/1986), for analysis of vitamin K 1944 Joseph Erlanger (5/1/1874- 5/12/1965) και Herbert Spencer Gasser (1888 - 11/5/1963) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), for work on functions of the nerve threads 1945 Sir Alexander Fleming (6/8/1881- 11/3/1955), Ernst Boris Chain (19/6/1906- 12/8/1979) , και Sir Howard Florey (24/9/1898- 21/2/1968) (όλοι από Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο), for discovery of penicillin 1946 Herman J. Muller (ΗΠΑ, 21/12/1890- 5/4/1967), for hereditary effects of X-rays on genes 1947 Carl F. (5/12/1896- 20/10/1984) και Gerty T. Cori (σύζυγος του προηγούμενου) (15/8/1896- 26/10/1957) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), for work on animal starch metabolism, Bernardo A. Houssay (Αργεντινή,10/4/1887- 21/9/1971 ), for study of pituitary 1948 Paul Mueller (Ελβετία, 12/1/1899- 12/10/1965), for discovery of insect-killing properties of DDT 1949 Walter Rudolf Hess (Ελβετία, 17/3/1881- 12/8/1973), for research on brain control of body, και Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz (Πορτογαλία, 29/11/1874- 13/12/1955), for development of brain operation 1950 Philip S. Hench (28/2/1896- 30/3/1965), Edward C. Kendall (8/3/1886- 4/5/1972) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), και Tadeus Reichstein (Ελβετία, 1897- 1/8/1996), for discoveries about hormones of adrenal cortex 1951 Max Theiler (Νότια Αφρική, 30/1/1899- 11/8/1972), for development of anti-yellow-fever vaccine 1952 Selman A. Waksman (ΗΠΑ, 22/7/1888- 16/8/1973), for co-discovery of streptomycin 1953 Fritz A. Lipmann (Γερμανία-ΗΠΑ, 1899- 24/7/1986) και Hans Adolph Krebs (Γερμανία- Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 25/8/1900- 22/11/1981), for studies of living cells 1954 John F. Enders (10/2/1887-8/9/1985) , Thomas H. Weller (15/6/1915-) , και Frederick C. Robbins (25/8/1916-) (όλοι από ΗΠΑ), for work with cultivation of polio virus 1955 Hugo Theorell (Σουηδία, 6/7/1903- 15/8/1982), for work on oxidation enzymes 1956 Dickinson W. Richards (30/10/1895- 23/2/1973), Jr., Andre F. Cournand (24/9/1895- 19/2/1988) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), και Werner Forssmann (Γερμανία, 20/8/1904- 1/6/1979), for new techniques in treating heart disease 1957 Daniel Bovet (Ιταλία, 23/3/1907- 8/4/1992), for development of drugs to relieve allergies και relax muscles during surgery 1958 Joshua Lederberg (ΗΠΑ, 23/5/1925- ), for work with genetic mechanisms, George W. Beadle (22/10/1903- 9/6/1989) και Edward L. Tatum (14/12/1909- 5/11/1975)(και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), for discovering how genes transmit hereditary characteristics 1959 Severo Ochoa (24/9/1905- 1/11/1993) και Arthur Kornberg (3/3/1918-) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), for discoveries related to compounds within chromosomes that play a vital role in heredity 1960 Sir Macfarlane Burnet (Αυστραλία, 3/9/1899- 31/8/1985) και Peter Brian Medawar (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 28/2/1915- 2/10/1987), for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance 1961 Georg von Bekesy (ΗΠΑ, 1899-13/6/1972), for discoveries about physical mechanisms of stimulation within cochlea 1962 James D. Watson (ΗΠΑ, 6/4/1928-), Maurice H. F. Wilkins (15/12/1916-5/10/2004) , και Francis H. C. Crick (8/6/1916- 28/7/2004) (και οι δύο από Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο), for determining structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) 1963 Alan Lloyd Hodgkin (5/2/1914- 20/12/1998), Andrew Fielding Huxley (22/11/1917-) (και οι δύο από Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο), και Sir John Carew Eccles (Αυστραλία, 27/1/1903- 2/5/1997), for research on nerve cells 1964 Konrad E. Bloch (ΗΠΑ, 21/1/1912- 15/10/2000) και Feodor Lynen (Γερμανία, 6/4/1911- 6/8/1979), for research on mechanism και regulation of cholesterol και fatty-acid metabolism 1965 Francois Jacob (17/6/1920-) , Andre Lwoff (1902- 30/9/1994), και Jacques Monod (1910- 31/5/1976) (όλοι από Γαλλία), for study of regulatory activities in body cells 1966 Charles Brenton Huggins (ΗΠΑ, 22/9/1901- 12/1/1997), for studies in hormone treatment of cancer of prostate, Francis Peyton Rous (ΗΠΑ, 5/10/1879- 16/2/1970), for discovery of tumor-producing viruses 1967 Haldan K. Hartline (22/12/1903- 17/3/1983), George Wald (18/11/1906- 12/4/1997), και Ragnar Granit (30/10/1900- 12/3/1991) (όλοι από ΗΠΑ), for work on human eye 1968 Robert W. Holley (28/1/1922- 11/2/1993), Har Gobind Khorana (9/1/1922-), και Marshall W. Nirenberg (10/4/1927-) (όλοι από ΗΠΑ), for studies of genetic code 1969 Max Delbruck (4/9/1906- 9/3/1981), Alfred D. Hershey (4/12/1908- 22/5/1997), και Salvador E. Luria (13/8/1912- 6/2/1991) (όλοι από ΗΠΑ), for study of mechanism of virus infection in living cells 1970 Julius Axelrod (ΗΠΑ, 30/5/1912- 29/12/2004 ), Ulf S. von Euler (Σουηδία, 7/2/1905- 9/3/1983), και Sir Bernard Katz (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 26/3/1911- 23/4/2003), for studies of how nerve impulses are transmitted within the body 1971 Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. (ΗΠΑ, 19/11/1915- 9/3/1974), for research on how hormones work 1972 Gerald M. Edelman (ΗΠΑ, 1/7/1929-), και Rodney R. Porter (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 8/10/1917- 6/9/1985), for research on the chemical structure και nature of antibodies 1973 Karl von Frisch (20/11/1886- 12/6/1982), Konrad Lorenz (7/11/1903- 27/2/1989) (και οι δύο από Αυστρία), και Nikolaas Tinbergen (Ολλανδία, 15/4/1907- 21/12/1988), for their studies of Ατομικό και social behavior patterns 1974 George E. Palade (19/11/1912-), Christian de Duve (2/10/1917-) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), και Albert Claude (Βέλγιο, 24/8/1898-22/5/1983), for contributions to understanding inner workings of living cells 1975 David Baltimore (7/3/1938-), Howard M. Temin (10/12/1934- 9/2/1994), και Renato Dulbecco (22/2/1914-) (όλοι από ΗΠΑ), for work in interaction between tumor viruses και genetic material of the cell 1976 Baruch S. Blumberg (28/7/1925-) και D. Carleton Gajdusek (9/9/1923-) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), for discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin και dissemination of infectious diseases 1977 Rosalyn S. Yalow (19/7/1921-), Roger C. L. Guillemin (11/1/1924-) , και Andrew V. Schally (30/11/1926-) (όλοι από ΗΠΑ), for research in role of hormones in chemistry of the body 1978 Daniel Nathans (30/10/1928-16/11/1999), Hamilton Smith (23/8/1931-) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), και Werner Arber (Ελβετία, 3/6/1929- ), for discovery of restriction enzymes και their application to problems of molecular genetics 1979 Allan MacLeod Cormack (ΗΠΑ, 1924- 7/5/1998) και Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 28/8/1919- 12/8/2004), for developing computed axial tomography (CAT scan) X-ray technique 1980 Baruj Benacerraf (29/10/1920-) , George D. Snell (1903- 6/6/1996) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), και Jean Dausset (Γαλλία, 19/10/1916-), for discoveries that explain how the structure of cells relates to organ transplants και diseases 1981 Roger W. Sperry (20/8/1913- 17/4/1994), David H. Hubel (27/2/1926-) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), και Torsten N. Wiesel (Σουηδία, 3/6/1924- ), for studies vital to understanding the organization και functioning of the brain 1982 Sune Bergstrom (10/1/1916- 15/8/2004), Bengt Samuelsson (21/5/1934-) (και οι δύο από Σουηδία), και John R. Vane (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 29/3/1927-19/11/2004), for research in prostaglandins, hormonelike substances involved in a wide range of illnesses 1983 Barbara McClintock (ΗΠΑ,16/6/1902- 2/9/1992 ), for her discovery of mobile genes in the chromosomes of a plant that change the future generations of plants they produce 1984 Cesar Milstein (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο/Αργεντινή, 8/10/1927- 24/3/2002), Georges J. F. Kohler (Δυτική Γερμανία, 17/4/1946- 1/3/1995), και Niels K. Jerne (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο/Δανία, 23/12/1911- 7/10/1994), for their work in immunology 1985 Michael S. Brown (13/4/1941-) και Joseph L. Goldstein (18/4/1940-) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), for their work, which has drastically widened our understanding of the cholesterol metabolism και increased our possibilities to prΑγώνισμα και treat atherosclerosis και heart attacks 1986 Rita Levi-Montalcini (ΗΠΑ/Ιταλία, 22/4/1909-) και Stanley Cohen (ΗΠΑ, 17/11/1922-), for their contributions to the understanding of substances that influence cell growth 1987 Susumu Tonegawa (Ιαπωνία, 5/9/1939-), for his discoveries of how the body can suddenly marshal its immunological defenses against millions of different disease agents that it has never encountered before 1988 Gertrude B. Elion (23/1/1918- 21/2/1999), George H. Hitchings (18/4/1905- 27/2/1998) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), και Sir James Black (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 14/6/1924-), for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment 1989 J. Michael Bishop (22/2/1936-) και Harold E. Varmus (18/12/1939-)(και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), for their unifying theory of cancer development 1990 Joseph E. Murray (1/4/1919-) και E. Donnall Thomas (15/3/1920-)(και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), for their pioneering work in transplants 1991 Erwin Neher (20/3/1944-) και Bert Sakmann (12/6/1942-) (και οι δύο από Γερμανία), for their research, particularly for the development of a technique called patch clamp 1992 Edmond H. Fischer (6/4/1920-) και Edwin G. Krebs (6/6/1918-) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), for their discovery of a regulatory mechanism affecting almost όλοι από cells 1993 Phillip A. Sharp (ΗΠΑ, 6/6/1944- ) και Richard J. Roberts (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 6/9/1943-), for their independent discovery in 1977 of “split genes” 1994 Alfred G. Gilman (1/7/1941-) και Martin Rodbell (1/12/1925- 7/12/1998) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), for discovery of G-proteins that help cells respond to outside signals 1995 Edward B. Lewis (20/5/1918- 21/7/2004), Eric F. Wieschaus (8/6/1947-) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), και Christiane Nusslein-Volhard (Γερμανία, 20/10/1942-), for studies of the fruit fly that will help explain congenital malformations in humans 1996 Peter C. Doherty (Αυστραλία, 15/10/1940-) και Rolf M. Zinkernagel (Ελβετία, 6/1/1944-), for discoveries about how the immune system recognizes virus-infected cells 1997 Stanley B. Prusiner (ΗΠΑ, 28/5/1942- ), for discovery of a new type of germ, called prions, that causes degenerative brain disorders 1998 Robert F. Furchgott (4/6/1916-) , Louis J. Ignarro (31/5/1941-) , και Ferid Murad (14/9/1936-)(όλοι από ΗΠΑ), for discovering that nitric oxide acts as a signal in the cardiovascular system 1999 Gunter Blobel (Γερμανία και ΗΠΑ, 21/5/1936-), for discovering that proteins have signals that govern their transport και localization in the cell 2000 Arvid Carlsson (Σουηδία, 25/1/1923), Paul Greengard (11/12/1925-), και Eric Kandel (7/11/1929-) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ), for discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system 2001 Leland H. Hartwell (ΗΠΑ, 30/10/1939-), R. Timothy Hunt (19/2/1943-), και Sir Paul M. Nurse (25/1/1949-) (και οι δύο από Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο), for discoveries concerning control of the cell cycle, which may make new cancer treatments possible. 2002 Sydney Brenner (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 13/1/1927-), H. Robert Horvitz (ΗΠΑ, 8/5/1947-), και John E. Sulston (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 27/3/1942- ) for “their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development και programmed cell death.” The laureates have “have identified key genes regulating organ development και programmed cell death και have shown that corresponding genes exist in higher species, including man.” 2003 Paul C. Lauterbur (ΗΠΑ, 6/5/1929-) και Peter Mansfield (Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο, 9/10/1933-) 2004 Richard Axel (2/7/1946-) και Linda B. Buck (29/1/1947-) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ) for their discoveries regarding odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system. 2005 Barry J. Marshall (30/9/1951-) και Robin Warren (11/6/1937-) (και οι δυο από Αυστραλία) "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease" n Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" 2006 Andrew Fire (1959-) και Craig Mello (1960-) (και οι δύο από ΗΠΑ) "for the discovery of RNA interference"