세계 각 나라의 사형제도 현황
위키백과 ― 우리 모두의 백과사전.
사형제도는 오래 전에는 전세계에서 허용되었다. 그러나 지난 수십년 간 많은 국가가 폐지하였다. 국제 사면 위원회는 사형제도에 관하여 국가들을 다음의 4 분류로 나눈다.
- 66개국 - 아직 법이나 관행으로 사형제도를 유지하고 있다.
- 90개국 - 완전히 사형제도 폐지.
- 11개국 - 중대 범죄에 한해 사형제도를 유지하고 있다.
- 30개국 - 일상적인 범죄에도 사형제도의 사용을 허가하는 법을 유지하고 있으나, 적어도 지난 10년간 사형이 집행되지 않고 있다.
목차 |
[편집] 처형 방법
- 교수형(이집트, 이란, 대한민국, 일본, 요르단, 이라크, 파키스탄, 싱가포르 등)
- 전기 사형(미국 내브래스카 주)
- 치사약 주사(중화인민공화국, 과테말라, 타이, 미국의 일부 지역)
- 총살형(벨라루스, 중화인민공화국, 조선민주주의인민공화국, 소말리아, 중화민국, 우즈베키스탄, 베트남, 러시아 등)
- 참수형(사우디아라비아)
- 투석형(아프가니스탄, 이란)
중화인민공화국, 이란, 조선민주주의인민공화국, 사우디아라비아 등에서는 공개 처형이 실시되기도 한다.
[편집] 남아메리카
# | 국가 | 마지막 사형 집행연도 |
폐지연도 | 참고 |
---|---|---|---|---|
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1916년 | 1984년 (기타 범죄에 대해) | 헌법은 "정치범에 대한 사형, 모든 종류의 고문과 태형을 영원히 금지한다."라고 규정하고 있다. | |
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1974년 | 1997년 (기타 범죄에 대해) | ||
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1855년 | 1979년 (기타 범죄에 대해) | "전시에 저질러진 군사적 성격의 심각한 범죄"[1] | |
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1985년 | 2001년 (기타 범죄에 대해) | 시민 정의를 위한 완전히 폐지되었는데도 불구하고, 아직 군사재판과 예외적 범죄에 대해서 적용된다. 실제로 발생하지는 않는다. 1985년에 마지막으로 사형이 집행되었다. | |
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1909년 | 1910년 (헌법에 의해) | 1991년 콜롬비아 헌법에 의해 금지: "생명에 관한 권리는 양도 불가능하다. 그것에는 어떤 사형도 있을 수 없다." | |
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1906년 (헌법에 의해) | |||
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테러 행위[2] | |||
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1928년 | 1992년 (헌법에 의해) | ||
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1979년 | 1979년 (기타 범죄에 대해) | 전시상태의 내란; 테러리즘[3] | |
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1982년 | 중대 살인죄; 고의적 살인죄; 내란[4] | ||
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1905년 | 1907년 (헌법에 의해) | ||
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1863년 (헌법에 의해) |
[편집] 아시아
2006년 사형 집행 : 바레인 (?), 중화인민공화국(1,010명), 인도네시아(?), 이란 (177명), 일본(4명), 파키스탄(82명), 싱가포르(?)
# | 국가 | 마지막 사형 집행연도 |
폐지연도 | 참고 |
---|---|---|---|---|
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사형집행한적 없음 | 1997년 이래 사형 집형이 없으므로 사실상의 사형폐지국가 | ||
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1979년 | 1997년 (헌법에 의해) | ||
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1997년 12월 30일[5] |
살인 [6]. 내란, 간첩. 1998년 2월 김대중 대통령 집권 이후 사형집행이 없어, 비공식적인 사형폐지국가이다.[7] | ||
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1999년 | |||
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1989년 | 마약 밀매[8] | ||
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2004년 | 살인[9] | ||
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Death penalty and life imprisonment remain legally prohibited. The maximum possible sentence is imprisonment for 30 years. | |||
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2006년[10] | Mandatory for Trafficking in dangerous drugs; Discharging a firearm in the Commission of a scheduled offence; Accomplices in case of discharge of firearm; Offences against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong’s person; Murder. Discretionary for Kidnapping; Consorting with person carrying or having possession of arms or explosives; Waging or attempting to wage war or abetting the waging of war against the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, a Ruler or Yang di-Pertua Negeri[11] | ||
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1952년 | 살인[12] | ||
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terrorist acts committed for political purposes; terrorist acts against representatives of a foreign State for political purposes; sabotage; premeditated murder committed with aggravating circumstances; and rape with aggravating circumstances ; Armed Robbery[13]. According to Amnesty International, executions were carried out in secret and there are no official statistics[14] | |||
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1993년 | 반역죄[15] | ||
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2006년 | premeditated murder; plotting to topple the regime; collaborating with a foreign hostile country; threatening the life of the Emir; defiance of military orders in time of war or martial state | ||
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2007년 | 살인 [16]; drug offences [17]; Trafficking in children for immoral or illegal purposes; Trafficking in women for purposes of prostitution[18] | ||
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2005년[19] | treason; taking action to overthrow the government; espionage; rebellion; banditry; terrorism; sabotage; hijacking; destruction of national security projects; undermining peace; war crimes; crimes against humanity; manufacturing, concealing and trafficking in narcotic substances; murder; rape; robbery; embezzlement; fraud[20] | ||
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1974년[21] | 2004년 | ||
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1957년 | 살인; unlawful possession of firearms and explosives; possession of heroin or morphine of more than 15 grams, Cocaine of more than 30 grams, Cannabis of more than 500 grams, Syabu or methamphetamine of more than 50 grams, or Opium of more than 1.2 kg[22] | ||
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2005년[23] [24] | Many violent and nonviolent offenses including murder, apostasy, drug offenses, witchcraft and sexual misconduct.[25]. Method most often used is beheading by a sword | ||
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1976년 6월 23일 | 살인, Perjury causing an innocent person to be executed, rape, drug trafficking. Moratorium from 1976 to 2003; reinstated in 2004틀:Cn, however no executions have been carried out. | ||
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2004년[26] | treason; murder; political acts such as bearing arms against Syria in the ranks of the enemy, desertion of the armed forces to the enemy and acts of incitement under martial law or in wartime; violent robberies; rape; verbal opposition to the government; and membership in the Muslim Brotherhood | ||
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2007년 | 살인, kidnapping, treason, certain firearm offences, trafficking in more than 15 grams (half an ounce) of heroin or morphine, 30 grams of cocaine or 500 grams of cannabis[27] (see capital punishment in Singapore) | ||
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2002년[28] | Murder; Drug offences[29]; homosexuality[30][31]; Rape; Treason; Aggravated robbery; Apostasy; Environmental pollution; Terrorism | ||
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1991년[32] | 2003 | ||
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1992년 | 1998년 | ||
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2004년 4월 20일[33] | 살인; child smuggling in order to use the victim's body parts; Apostasy (see Abdul Rahman (convert)) | ||
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2005년[24] | 살인 [34]; Adultery[35]; homosexuality[30][36]; Apostasy[37]. Although apostasy is a capital offense there are no recorded executions for it | ||
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2001년[38] | 살인; 마약 밀매[39] | ||
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2005년[40] | 살인[41] | ||
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2005년[42] | Murder with aggravating circumstances; Terrorism[43]; Genocide; Crimes of aggression. President Islom Karimov signed a decree on 1 August 2005 to replace the death penalty with life imprisonment by 2008[44] | ||
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2007년 3월 20일 | 살인; endangering national security; distributing drugs; rape; attacks on transport convoys; financing and execution of terrorism[45]. Suspended in April 2003 after 2003 invasion; reinstated May 2005. Last execution against Taha Yassin Ramadan on 20th March 2007. | ||
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2007년[24] [46] | Sodomy [47]; Armed Robbery[48]; Terrorism[49]; 마약 밀매[50]; Kidnapping & rape[51]; Murder[52]; Apostasy[37] | ||
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1962년 | 1954년 (for other crimes) | Crimes against humanity[53], 대반역죄. Only one execution after 1954 (Adolf Eichmann). | |
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2004년 8월 14일[54] | 살인, instigating a child's suicide, treason, acts of terrorism, or a second conviction for drug trafficking. For more information see Capital punishment in India | ||
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2006년[55] | Drug trafficking[56]; Terrorism[55] | ||
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2007년 8월 23일[57] | Prosecutors only push for the death penalty in the case of multiple murders, or single murder with aggravating circumstances.[58] Judges usually impose death penalty in case of multiple homicides. Between 1946 and 2003, Japanese courts sentenced 766 people to death, 608 of whom were executed. For 40 months from 1989 to 1993 the successive ministers of justice refused to authorise executions, which amounted to informal moratorium. | ||
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2005년[24] | Plots against national sovereignty; terrorism ; treason against the Motherland by citizens; treason against the people; murder[59] | ||
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2005년 | Since 2004, most death sentences have been informally given moratorium by President Chen Shui-bian except serious murders. (see Capital punishment in Taiwan) |
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2007년 | Embezzlement[60]; Rape of children[61]; Fraud[48]Bombing[50]; People trafficking[62]; Piracy; Theft[63]; Corruption; Arson[64]; Murder; "Endangering national security"; Terrorism[65] (see Capital punishment in the People's Republic of China) (The two special administrative regions, namely Hong Kong and Macau, have abolished death penalty.) | ||
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2003년[66] | Terrorism, crimes in wartime[67][68]. Moratorium since 17 December, 2003 | ||
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2001년 | Espionage[69]; Threat to national security[70]; Apostasy[37]. Although apostasy is a capital offense there are no recorded executions for it | ||
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1989년 (by Constitution) | |||
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2005년[19] | Drugs Trafficking; Rape & Murder[71] | ||
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2007[72][73] | Kyrgyz authorities had extended a moratorium on executions each year since 1998. | ||
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2003년 12월 12일 | Offenses include Regicide; Sedition or Rebellion; Offences committed against the external security of Thailand; Murder or attempted murder of a foreign head of state; Bribery; Arson; Rape; Murder with intent; Kidnapping; Robbery resulting in death. For a full list see here (PDF) | ||
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2004년 | Murder with aggravating circumstances; rape with aggravating circumstances; terrorism; biocide; genocide[74]. Moratorium introduced 30 April, 2004 by President Emomalii Rahmon | ||
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1999년 (헌법에 의해) | |||
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2005[75] | Murder[19]; Sodomy[76]; Gang rape; Mutiny[77] (see Capital punishment in Pakistan) | ||
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2005[78] | Murder; Rape; Collaborating with Israeli forces to assassinate Palestinians[79]. There had been an unofficial moratorium since 2002 after President Yasser Arafat stopped authorising executions. | ||
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2000년 | 2006년 6월 24일 | Abolished in 1987 under the present constititution, re-introduced in 1993, re-abolished on June 24, 2006 under Republic Act No. 9346. | |
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1966년 | 1993년* | *when Hong Kong was under British rule, and remains so after the handover to the People's Republic of China. |
[편집] 아프리카
2005년의 사형 집행 현황: 리비아(?), 소말리아(?), 수단(65명)
# | 국가 | 마지막 사형 집행연도 |
폐지연도 | 참고 |
---|---|---|---|---|
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1993년 8월 | Treason and espionage; attempts to change the regime or actions aimed at incitement; destruction of territory, sabotage to public and economic utilities; massacres and slaughters; participation in armed bands or in insurrectionary movements; counterfeiting; murder; acts of torture or cruelty; kidnapping; aggravated theft | ||
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1992년 (헌법에 의해) | |||
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1987년 | armed robbery[80]; Murder[81]; traffickers involved in "labor exploitation"[82] | ||
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2003년 9월 19일[83] | Murder; Treason; Attempt on the life of the head of state; Mutiny; Desertion in the face of the enemy | ||
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1988년 | Treason[84] | ||
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2000년 또는 그 이후[85] | Murder [86] | ||
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1997년 1월[87] | Secession; espionage; incitement to war[88] | ||
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1835년 | 1981년 (헌법에 의해) | ||
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1981년 | Treason; espionage; charlatanism; witchcraft; assassination; murder[89] | ||
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2003년[90] | Murder | ||
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1996년 또는 그 이후[91] | |||
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2003년[92] | |||
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1982년 | |||
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독립 이후 사형집행 없음[93] | 2000 | ||
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독립 이후 사형집행 없음 | 1995년 | ||
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2004년 또는 그 이후 | 강간, only if accompanied by kidnapping of the victim. Murder. Treason. Organized Drug Trafficking. | ||
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2007년 8월[94] | Murder | ||
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1981년[95] | |||
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1981년 | Treason. Abolished 1993 but was reinstated by Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council in August 1995[96] | ||
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1993년 | 살인; Treason; Armed robbery[96] | ||
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1986년 | 1993년 (헌법에 의해) | ||
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2001년[97] | Murder | ||
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1984년 | Murder and armed robbery[92] | ||
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1995년[96] | September 16, 2005 | Liberia acceded to the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, completely abolishing the death penalty | |
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2005년[98] | High treason; attempt to forcibly change the form of government; premeditated murder[99] | ||
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1958년 | |||
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1992년[21] | |||
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1980년 | |||
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1987년 | Sodomy[100]; Apostasy[37] (Although apostasy is a capital offense there are no recorded executions for it). | ||
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1987년 | 1995년 | ||
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1993년 | Terrorism[92]. An abolition law project is being presented to the Parliament of Morocco in spring 2007. (see Human rights in Morocco#Capital punishment) | ||
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1986년 | 1990년 (헌법에 의해) | ||
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1988년 | 1990년 (헌법에 의해) | ||
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1976년 | |||
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2001년[96] | Sodomy[101]. Each of the 36 states have their own laws. In the north of the country the legal system used is Sharia (Islamic law) | ||
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1998년 | 2007년[102] | ||
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1976년 | The Constitution of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic explicitly outlaws the death penalty; Article 13, from the 1991 revision reads "The death penalty is banned" (translated into English from the Arabic.)[103] | ||
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독립 이후 사형집행 없음 | 1990년 (헌법에 의해) | ||
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1967년 | 2004년 12월 10일 | ||
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독립 이후 사형집행 없음 | 1993년 (헌법에 의해) | ||
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1998년 | Treason[104]; Murder; Aggravated robbery. Under the Special Court for Sierra Leone the death penalty is not a punishment for war crimes | ||
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2006년 5월 2일[105] | After the breakdown of de jure government, most regions reverted to Islamic law | ||
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1991년 1월 31일[87] | 1997년 | On 25 May, 2005 the Constitutional Court ordered that all remaining death sentences in the country be set aside and the prisoners resentenced. This last execution occurred in the internationally unrecognised Black "homelands". The last execution in Pretoria Central Prison was on November 14 1989. | |
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2005년 | Sodomy [106]; Waging war against the state[107]; Apostasy[37]; Prostitution; Treason; Acts which may endanger the independence or unity of the state; Murder; Armed robbery; Weapons possession and smuggling | ||
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1983년[108] | Murder
[109]; treason |
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1994년 | 살인; 내란 | ||
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1978년[110] | Premeditated murder; plots against the security of the State | ||
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1991년 | 살인; violence and aggression; attacks against the internal security of the State; attacks against the external security of the State | ||
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2003년[48] | Treason; Terrorism; Murder[111]; Rape; Defilement; Aggravated robbery; Aggravated kidnapping. On June 14, 2005 the Constitutional court ruled that although the death penalty was constitutional, its use as a mandatory punishment for certain crimes was not.[112] | ||
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1997년 | 살인; Aggravated robbery; High treason. President Levy Mwanawasa stated in 2004 that "For as long as I remain President, I will not execute a death warrant."[21] | ||
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2003년 6월[113] | Treason; Murder; Mutiny |
[편집] 참조
- ↑ http://www.brazil.org.uk/humanrights/deathpenalty.html
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/report2004/guy-summary-eng
- ↑
- ↑ http://sim.law.uu.nl/SIM/CaseLaw/uncom.nsf/0/58ee85a258266406c1256e7c0030473a?OpenDocument
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGACT530012003?open&of=ENG-KOR
- ↑ http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/magazine/2000/0225/nat.korea.html
- ↑ http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/document.do?id=80256DD400782B8480256FE80042AACA
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/report2003/Lao-summary-eng
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE180062004?open&of=ENG-LBN
- ↑ http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-08/04/content_4921065.htm
- ↑ http://www.aliran.com/monthly/2003/6k.html
- ↑ http://www.maldivesculture.com/maldives_murder01.html
- ↑ http://www.asiapacificforum.net/activities/annual_meetings/eighth/mongolia_acj.htm http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/0/8E61783D9ED31093802568AC0037D5DB?opendocument
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/report2004/mng-summary-eng
- ↑ http://www.derechos.org/news/archives/000506.html
- ↑ http://www.zeenews.com/links/articles.asp?aid=212318&sid=SAS
- ↑ http://www.smartraveller.gov.au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/Bangladesh
- ↑ http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27944.htm
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/jan05.html
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engasa410232003
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGACT500012005
- ↑ http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1073.html
- ↑ http://www.cbc.ca/cp/world/050402/w040210.html
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/world.html
- ↑ http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/saudi_arabia/saudi_arabia.htm
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGACT500052005?open&of=ENG-392
- ↑ http://www.singapore-window.org/sw02/020412re.htm
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/report2004/are-summary-eng
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE250012002?open&of=ENG-ARE
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 http://www.glas.org/ahbab/Articles/signor.htm
- ↑ http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/uae/united_arab_emirates.htm
- ↑ http://www.geocities.com/richard.clark32@btinternet.com/europe.html
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGASA110072004?open&of=ENG-392
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE310052005?open&of=ENG-YEM
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE310042004?open&of=ENG-YEM
- ↑ http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/world.htm#Middle%20East
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 37.4 http://www.barnabasfund.org/Apostasy/Conversion_Means_Death.htm
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE200012004?open&of=ENG-OMN
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/web/ar2002.nsf/mde/oman
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/aug03.html
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGEUR620052005?open&of=ENG-392
- ↑ http://www.legislationline.org/index.php?country=43&org=0&eu=0&topic=8
- ↑ http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L01576248.htm
- ↑ http://newstandardnews.net/content/?action=show_item&itemid=799 http://www.truthout.org/docs_04/080904Z.shtml
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE130152005?open&of=ENG-392
- ↑ http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/iran/iran.htm
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/mar03.html
- ↑ http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/feb03.html
- ↑ 50.0 50.1 http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/jan03.html
- ↑ http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/dec02.html
- ↑ http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/oct02.html
- ↑ http://www.israellawcenter.org/news111402.shtml
- ↑ http://www.indolink.com/displayArticleS.php?id=081304102908
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/5368922.stm
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGACT500012005?open&of=ENG-AFG
- ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6959685.stm
- ↑ http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A11306-2005Jan15?language=printer
- ↑ http://www.photius.com/countries/korea_north/government/korea_north_government_the_judiciary.html
- ↑ http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/oct03.html
- ↑ http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/july03.html
- ↑ http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/sept02.html
- ↑ http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/jan2000.html
- ↑ http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/march2000.html
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engasa170032004
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGACT500072004?open&of=ENG-KAZ
- ↑ http://www.handsoffcain.info/archivio_news/200705.php?iddocumento=9317022&mover=0
- ↑ http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/318842/kazakhstan_abolishes_death_penalty.html
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE220012002?open&of=ENG-QAT
- ↑ http://www.journalism.co.uk/news/story1331.shtml
- ↑ http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/june02.html
- ↑ http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2007/06/0907D477-B87B-4AFF-9A6B-116AF711B057.html
- ↑ http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files_156/kyrgyzstan_396/abolition-of-the-death-penalty-by-kyrgyzstan-june-28-2007_9443.html
- ↑ http://www.legislationline.org/index.php?country=49&org=0&eu=0&topic=8
- ↑ http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/may05.html
- ↑ http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/pakistan/pakistan.htm
- ↑ http://www.washtimes.com/upi-breaking/20041221-072630-7729r.htm
- ↑ http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=44769 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4084882.stm
- ↑ http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0504/S00011.htm
- ↑ http://www.omct.org/pdf/procedures/2004/joint/s_violence_benin_sum_recom_10_2004.pdf (PDF)
- ↑ http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/86fccf0fb9823123c1256b13005aadb5?Opendocument
- ↑ http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41588.htm
- ↑ http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/index/Current_Issues/Death_Penalty.htm
- ↑ http://www.politinfo.com/articles/article_2004_04_8_2302.html
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR160212004?open&of=ENG-BDI
- ↑ http://www.santegidio.org/pdm/news2002/28_06_02_b.htm
- ↑ 87.0 87.1 http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/common.html
- ↑ http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/hrcommittee/cameroon1999.html
- ↑ http://www2.unog.ch/news2/documents/newsen/ct04008e.htm
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR200012004?open&of=ENG-TCD
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGACT500091996?open&of=ENG-392
- ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGACT500072004?open&of=ENG-MAR
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR050032003?open&of=ENG-CPV
- ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6933849.stm
- ↑ http://wwwserver.law.wits.ac.za/humanrts/hrcommittee/gabon2000.html
- ↑ 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3 http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR050032003
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR290042001?open&of=ENG-GIN
- ↑ http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=18371
- ↑ http://www.bta.bg/site/libya/en/07courtsystem.htm
- ↑ http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/world.htm#Africa
- ↑ http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/nigeria/nigeria.htm
- ↑ http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/africa/07/27/rwanda.execution.reut/index.html
- ↑ 틀:Cite book
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR510092004?open&of=ENG-392
- ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4967108.stm
- ↑ http://www.sodomylaws.org/world/sudan/sudan.htm
- ↑ http://www.afrika.no/Detailed/8704.html
- ↑ http://www.southerndomains.com/Newspaper/Archive/0202/Column.html#23
- ↑ http://www.cidi.org/humanitarian/irin/safrica/00a/0020.html
- ↑ http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGACT530042002?open&of=ENG-TGO
- ↑ http://www.humanrightshouse.org/dllvis5.asp?id=2811
- ↑ http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/IRIN/35024160952b1236b73e919e73f86417.htm
- ↑ http://www.richard.clark32.btinternet.co.uk/overview.html
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각종 순위 나라 목록 |
---|---|
지리 | |
인구 통계 |
인구* (그래프 · 인구밀도) · 평균수명* · 영아 사망률* · 임신률* · 출산률* · 사망률* · 인간개발지수* · 분배* |
경제 |
국내총생산 : 명목 GDP* (일인당*) · PPP* (일인당)* · (노동시간 일인당) 과거 GDP : 명목 · PPP |
정치와 사회 |
정치자유* · 언론자유* · 사형제* · 동성애* · 낙태* · 국가독립연도* · 부패지수* · 사업용이도* · 경제활동자유도* |
환경 |
이산화탄소 배출량* (일인당*) · GDP 대비 이산화탄소 배출량* (일인당) |