세계의 법체계
위키백과 ― 우리 모두의 백과사전.
법체계(法體系) 또는 법계(法系)는 법의 체계를 구분하는 기준을 말한다. 법체계를 구분하는 기준으로는 법원을 기준으로 하거나, 인종, 법규범의 내용, 이데올로기 등이 있지만, 일반적으로 법원을 기준으로 다음의 4개 주요 법체계로 나눈다.
- 대륙법계
- 영미법계
- 관습법
- 종교법
이 외에도 각 나라가 여러 시스템의 장접을 혼합하여 새로운 법체계의 성격을 띄기도 한다.
목차 |
[편집] 대륙법
대륙법을 취한 국가는 전세계에서 가장 널리 분포되어 있다. 유럽대륙법이라고도 한다. 로마법과 게르만법을 근간으로 하여 독일과 프랑스 등의 유럽 대륙에서 발달하였다. 성문법을 중심으로 한다.
대륙법계 국가는 대체적으로 다음 국가이다.
국가 | 설명 |
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based on civil law system; derived from Soviet and continental civil code legal principles. |
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based on a civil code, highly influenced by the German civil code of 1900 (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch); the Greek civil code replaced in 1946 the Byzantine-Roman civil law in effect in Greece since its independence (Νομική Διάταξη της Ανατολικής Χέρσου Ελλάδος, Legal Provision of Eastern Mainland Greece, November 1821: 'Οι Κοινωνικοί Νόμοι των Αειμνήστων Χριστιανών Αυτοκρατόρων της Ελλάδος μόνοι ισχύουσι κατά το παρόν εις την Ανατολικήν Χέρσον Ελλάδα', 'The Social [i.e. Civil] Laws of the Dear Departed Christian Emperors of Greece [referring to the Byzantine Emperors] alone are in effect at present in Eastern Mainland Greece') |
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based on codified Roman law, with elements of the Napoleonic civil code. |
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modeled after European civil law system with English-American influence. |
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Largely influenced by Germany, medium influences from Russian and Soviet law. |
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Based on the Portuguese strand of the continental tradition, itself much influenced by Germany; also influenced by the law of the PRC |
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As all Scandinavian legal systems, it is distinguished for its traditional character and as well as for the fact that it did not adopt elements of Roman law. It is indeed worth mentioning that it assimilated very few elements of foreign laws whatsoever. It is also interesting that the Napoleonic code had no influence in codification of law in Scandinavia. The historical basis of the law of Sweden, just as for all Nordic countries, is the Old German law. Codification of the law started in Sweden during the 18th century, preceding the codifications of most other European countries. However, neither Sweden, nor any other Nordic state created a civil code of the kind of the code civil or the BGB |
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influenced by the Swiss civil law |
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Communist legal theory and French civil law |
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[편집] 영미법
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based on English common law |
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based on English common law, except in [[그림:틀:나라 정보 국기그림 - Quebec|25x15px|Quebec]] Quebec Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails |
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based on English common law |
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based on English common law |
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based on English common law, separate personal law codes apply to Muslims, Christians, and Hindus |
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based on English common law |
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based on English common law |
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based on English Common Law, some Islamic Law applications in inheritance. Tribal Law in FATA |
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based on English common law |
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English law (also includes Wales) and Northern Irish law is primarily common law, with early Roman and some modern continental influences. Scotland has its own unique system, Scots law, based on civil law, and generally regarded as mixed |
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federal court system based on English common law; each state has its own unique legal system, of which all but one (![]() |
[편집] 관습법
[편집] 종교법
[편집] 여러 법계의 성격이 혼합된 경우
[편집] 대륙법과 영미법
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South African law (a mixed system) transferred uno acto through a proclamation of reception |
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Originally (1948) based on English common law; in the process, influenced by German civil law - for instance, between 1962 and 1981, the Knesset issued twenty (20) wide-ranging laws, which were clearly influenced by European continental law, and were in the form of codes |
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South African law (a mixed system) transferred uno acto through a proclamation of reception |
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Based on the French Napoleonic Code; the modern legal system of the state of Louisiana has its origin in the Louisiana Purchase (i.e. the sale of Louisiana - not coterminous with the present eponymous state - by Napoleon to the United States of America in 1803) |
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Initially based on Roman Law and eventually progressed to the Code de Rohan, Code Napoleon with influences from Italian Civil Law. British Common Law however is also a source of Maltese Law, most notably in Public Law |
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South African law (a mixed system) transferred uno acto through a proclamation of reception |
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Based on Spanish law; influenced by US common law after 1898 (victory of the US over Spain in the Spanish-American war of 1898 and session of Philippines to the US) |
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Based on Spanish law; influenced by US common law after 1898 (victory of the US over Spain in the Spanish-American war of 1898 and session of Puerto Rico to the US) |
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After the defeat of the French in the battle at the Plains of Abraham, the English allowed them to keep their language (French), their religion (Roman Catholicism), and their legal system (civil law). However, Quebec being part of the Canadian Confederation means that English-based laws applied at the federal level are in effect in Quebec also. |
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Scotland obtained a structurally mixed system by way of its merger with England through the Act of Union in 1707. Public law and public institutions became common, but both countries retained their own private laws - England kept its common law, while Scotland kept the Scots law, of Roman and Dutch origin. |
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An amalgam of English common law and Roman-Dutch civil law |
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South African law (a mixed system) transferred uno acto through a proclamation of reception |
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South African law (a mixed system) transferred uno acto through a proclamation of reception |
[편집] 대륙법과 관습법
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Courts apply the customary laws of Andorra, supplemented with Roman law and customary Catalan law. [1] |
[편집] 바깥 고리
- World Legal System, Website of the Faculty of Law of the University of Ottawa
- Australian Institute of Comparative Legal Systems
- Factbook list of legal systems
[편집] 참고자료
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법 | ![]() |
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법의 분류 | 헌법 행정법 민법 상법 형법 민사소송법 형사소송법 노동법 국제법 (조약) 국제사법 | ||
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법체계 | 대륙법 영미법 관습법 종교법 | ||
법의 연원 | 성문법 헌법 법률 명령 조례 규칙 조약 불문법 관습법 판례 조리 |
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법학 | 법철학 법사회학 법제사학 비교법학 법해석학 법정책학 |
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주요 개념 | 로마법 만민법 게르만법 법언 법의 해석 법률행위 의사표시 재판 형벌 권리 의무 법치주의 물건 ( 동산 | 부동산 ) 인권 국가 민주주의 |
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세계의 법 | 경국대전 대한민국 헌법 ( 역사 ) 행정수도법 결정 대일본제국 헌법 일본국 헌법 조선민주주의인민공화국 사회주의헌법 마그나 카르타 아메리카 합중국 헌법 아메리카 합중국 수정헌법 바이마르 헌법 독일연방공화국 기본법 |
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법률 영역의 목록 참조. |
분류: 정리가 필요한 문서 | 법 | 법체계