오스트레일리아 달러

위키백과 ― 우리 모두의 백과사전.

틀:Infobox Currency 틀:Redirect


목차

[편집] 역사

The Australian dollar was introduced on 14 February 1966, not only replacing the Australian pound (long since distinct from the pound sterling), but also introducing a decimal system.

그림:20royalsfront.jpg
A 20-royal note
그림:10royals.jpg
A 10-royal note

[편집] The royal

In 1965 the 수상인 로버트 멘지스 wished to name the currency "the royal", and other names such as "the austral", "the oz", "the boomer", "the roo", "the kanga", "the emu", "the digger", "the kwid" and, jokingly, "ming" (the nickname of Menzies) were also proposed. Due to Menzies' influence, the name "royal" was settled upon, and trial designs were prepared and printed by the printing works of the Reserve Bank of Australia. The unusual choice of name for the currency proved unpopular, and it was later shelved in favour of "dollar".

On 14 February 1966 the Australian dollar was introduced at a rate of two dollars per pound, or ten shillings per dollar.

In 1967 the Australian dollar effectively left the sterling area for the first time. When sterling devalued in 1967 against the U.S. dollar, the new Australian dollar did not follow. It maintained its peg to the U.S. dollar at the same rate.

[편집] 동전

그림:Oz20cent.jpg
오스트레일리아 20센트

틀:메인 All 동전 portray Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and are produced by the Royal Australian Mint.

The one and two-cent coins were discontinued in 1990-91 and withdrawn from circulation. Cash transactions are rounded to the nearest five cents, or rounded down at the option of the retailer. In commemoration of the 40th anniversary of decimal currency, the 2006 mint Proof and Uncirculated sets include 1 and 2 cent coins. As with most public changes to currency systems, there has been a great amount of seignorage of these discontinued coins, meaning the vast majority are never going to be worth a significant amount of money.

Australia has regularly issued commemorative 50 cent coins. The first commemorative 50 cent coin was in 1970, commemorating Captain Cook's exploration along the east coast of the Australian continent, followed in 1977 by a coin for Queen Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee, the wedding of Charles and Diana in 1981, the Brisbane Commonwealth Games in 1982, and the Australian Bicentenary in 1988. Issues expanded into greater numbers in the 1990s and the 21st century, responding to collector demand.

Australia has also made special issues of 20 cent, 50 cent and $1 coins.

There are also many Australian five dollar coins of aluminium/bronze and bi-metal as well as many silver and gold bullion coins in higher denominations. These, like the U.S coins of higher denomination than 1 dollar or which are made of precious metals, are not normally used in payment but are still legal tender.

Current Australian 5, 10 and 20 cent coins are identical in size to the former Australian, New Zealand and British sixpence, shilling and two shilling (florin) coins. In 1990 the U.K. replaced these coins with smaller versions, as did New Zealand in 2006 - at the same time discontinuing the 5 cent coin.

With a mass of 15.55 grams and a diameter of 31.51mm, the Australian 50 cent coin is the largest common coin still in use today. 틀:Clarifyme

[편집] 지폐

틀:Mainarticle

[편집] 첫번째 시리즈

첫번째 오스트레일리아 달러 지폐는 1966년에 발행되었다. $1, $2, $10, $20 지폐들은 이전 파운드 지폐의 정확한 환율을 가지고 있었다. 5달러 지폐는 1967년에 대중이 십진제 통화에 익숙해진 후에 발행되었다. 5달러 지폐는 이전 파운드가 가진 통화 중에 같은 가치가 없었다. 1달러 지폐는 1984년 에 동전으로 대체되었다. 그리고 2달러 지폐는 1988년에 동전으로 대체되었다. 50달러 지폐는 1973년 처음 만들었고 100달러 지폐는 1984년에 발행되었다. 이유는 인플레 때문에 큰 단위가 필요하고 상거래가 편리해지기 때문이였다.

[편집] 폴리머 시리즈

그림:Australian $10 note 1988.jpg
1988년 첫 오스트레일리아 폴리머 10달러 지폐

그림:Australian $10 note 1988.jpg

1988년에, 오스트레일리아 연방 준비 은행은 플라스틱, 정확히 말하면 폴리프로필렌 폴리머 지폐 (Note Printing Australia가 발행함), 오스트레일리아는 유럽인 호주 정착 200주년을 기념하여 발행하였다. 그 지폐는 투명창과 시각적으로 변하기 쉬운 제임스 쿡 경감 의 이미지를 안전 특징으로 넣었다. 오스트레일리아 은행권은 세계에서 최초로 그런 특징을 이용하는 나라였다.

오늘날 모든 오스트레일리아 지폐는 폴리머로 만든다.

[편집] 오스트레일리아 달러의 가치

In 2001, the value of one Australian dollar went below 50 U.S. cents for the first time. As of March 19, 2007, the Australian dollar was worth 80 U.S. cents, the second time it has reached that level since 1996. On 24 July 2007, the Australian dollar reached an 18-year high against the U.S. dollar, peaking at 88.50 US cents.[1]

In 1966, when the Australian dollar was introduced, the International 금본위제 still operated. The dollar was at that time worth 980 milligrams of gold. As of December 2006 the dollar was worth 38 milligrams of gold.[1]

[편집] 외환 시세 정책

Australia maintained a peg to the British pound, reflecting its historical ties as well as a view about the stability in value of the British pound. From 1946 to 1971, Australia maintained a peg to the U.S. dollar under the Bretton Woods system, but it was effectively pegged to sterling until 1967. With the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, Australia converted the mostly-fixed peg to a moving peg against the U.S. dollar. In September 1974, Australia moved to a peg against a basket of currencies called the trade weighted index (TWI) in an effort to reduce fluctuations associated with its peg to the U.S. dollar. The peg to the TWI was changed to a moving peg in November 1976, causing the actual value of the peg to be periodically adjusted. In December 1983, the Australian Labor government led by Prime Minister Bob Hawke and Treasurer Paul Keating "floated" the Australian dollar. From that point, movements in the Australian dollar continued to reflect the strength of its terms of trade. For decades, Australia's reliance upon commodity (mineral and farm) exports has seen the Australian dollar rally during global booms, and fall when mineral prices slumped or when domestic spending overshadowed its export earnings outlook. The currency's high volatility, currency exposure and interest swap has made the AUD one of the most traded currencies in the world, far in excess of the economy's importance (2% of global economic activity).

틀:Exchange Rate

[편집] 분류

  • 오스트레일리아의 동전
  • Note Printing Australia
  • 오스트레일리아의 경제

[편집] 참조

  1. "Australian dollar races towards towards US90c", Australian Associated Press, 2007-07-24. 2007년 7월 24일에 읽어봄.

[편집] 외부 접속 사이트

틀:Standard numismatics external links

(Note that a higher CPI figure indicates a reduction of value for the Australian dollar.)

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틀:AUD 틀:Dollar 틀:Currencies of Oceania