Cuti
Dari Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas.
Perkataan cuti datangnya daripada perkataan holiday yang mempunyai hubungan tetapi maknanya berbeza bagi negara-negara berbahasa Inggeris. Berdasarkan perkataan holy dan day, cuti pada mulanya bermaksud hari-hari keagamaan yang istimewa. Perkataan itu sekarang sudah berubah dalam penggunaan perkataannya untuk memaksudkan ianya adalah apa-apa hari yang istimewa.
Dalam kebanyakan dunia penutur Inggeris hari cuti juga merupakan tempoh diluangkan jauh dari rumah atau perniagaan dengan mengembara atau rehlah (contohnya. "Saya akan pergi ke Malta minggu hadapan"), Amerika Utara sama seperti "bercuti". Bagaimanapun sesetengah orang Kanada (terutama keturunan Inggeris dan Irish) menggunakan kedua istilah cuti (vacation) dan kelepasan (holiday) sama erti apabila merujuk kepada percutian atau masa luar kerja.
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Di Kanada dan Amerika Syarikat, hari Kelepasan - (Holiday) adalah hari yang ditetapkan sebagai negara atau budaya (in some cases, multiple nations and cultures) typically for celebration but sometimes for some other kind of special culture-wide (or national) observation or activity. A holiday can also be a special day on which school and/or offices are closed, such as Labor Day.
Jadual isi kandungan |
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti Umum
Cuti Umum atau Cuti Awam adalah cuti yang diiktiraf oleh sesuatu negeri. Cuti-cuti umum boleh jadi cuti keagamaan, dalam kes tertentu mencerminkan agama yang utama di sebuah negara, atau sekular, dalam kes tertentu biasanya berbentuk politik atau sejarah. "Cuti Umum" (Public Holiday) adalah terma yang digunakan di Australia dan "Cuti Perbankan" (Bank Holiday) di UK — walaupun sesetengah industri di UK bekerja pada hari Cuti Perbankan — sementara "Cuti Awam" adalah terma yang paling kerap digunakan di Amerika Syarikat walaupun "Cuti Perbankan" diketahui oleh kebanyakan mereka merujuk kepada fenomena yang sama.
Terdapat banyak protes di Perancis, apabila kerajaan Perancis mengeluarkan cuti umum di dalam bulan Mei kerana banyak kematian yang diakibatkan oleh gelombang Haba pada hari tersebut dua tahun sebelum itu. Kebanyakan orang mengambil sikap tinggal di rumah.Templat:Fakta
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti berturutan
Cuti-cuti berturutan ialah merujuk kepada sederetan cuti tanpa terdapat sebarang hari bekerja di antara hari-hari cuti tersebut. Cuti sebegini boleh dianggap sebagai peluang yang baik untuk membuat perjalanan singkat. Pada lewat 90-an, Kerajaan Jepun meluluskan rang undang-undang yang meningkatkan kebarangkalian cuti berturutan dengan memindahkan cuti-cuti dari hari yang telah ditetapkan ke relatif kedudukan cuti di dalam sebulan seperti Isnin yang kedua. Cuti-cuti berturutan yang paling diketahui termasuk:
- Began at 2000, in the People's Republic of China, Spring Festival, Labor Day and National Day are week-long holidays.
- In Japan, golden-week, lasting roughly a full week.
- In Poland during holidays on the 1st and 3rd May, when taking a few days of leave can result in 9-day-long holidays; this is called The Picnic (or Majówka).
- In Ireland, St. Patrick's Day can occasionally occur in Holy Week, the week before Easter; in this case the three holidays (St. Patrick's Day, Good Friday, and Easter Monday) plus three days leave can result in a 10-day break.
- In Australia and England, a public holiday otherwise falling on a Sunday will result in observance of the public holiday on the next available weekday (generally Monday). This arrangement results in a long weekend
- The U.S. Congress changed the observance of Memorial Day, Veterans Day, and Washington's Birthday from fixed dates to certain Mondays in 1968 (effective 1971). Several states had passed similar laws earlier.
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti keagamaan
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti Agama Buddha
- Vesak
- Matsuri (di Jepun, boleh juga dianggap hari kelepasan Shinto)
- Hari Hujan Rahmat (Blessed Rainy Day) di Bhutan
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti mitos Celtic, Mitos Norse, dan Pagan baru (Neopagan)
In the order of the Wheel of the Year:
- Samhain (Celtic): 31 October-1 November, Celtic New Year, first day of winter
- Winternights (Norse): 29 October-2 November, Norse New Year
- Yule (Norse): 21 December-22 December, winter solstice, Celtic mid-winter
- Imbolc (Celtic): 1 February-2 February, Celtic first day of spring
- Ostara/Easter (Norse): 21 March-22 march, vernal equinox, Celtic mid-spring
- Beltane (Celtic): 30 April-1 May, Celtic first day of summer
- Litha (Norse): 21 June-22 June, summer solstice, Celtic mid-summer
- Lughnasadh (Celtic): 1 August-2 August, Celtic first day of autumn
- Mabon/Harvest End (Norse): 21 September-22 September, autumnal equinox, Celtic mid-fall
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti Agama Kristian
- Lihat juga: liturgical year
- Advent
- All Saints' Day
- All Souls' Day
- Ascension Day (Ascension of Jesus into Heaven)
- Ash Wednesday
- Assumption of Mary (Assumption of the Virgin Mary)
- Candlemas
- Childermas
- Christmas (Birth of Jesus)
- Corpus Christi(Sacrifice of Jesus)
- Easter (Resurrection of Jesus)
- Easter Triduum
- Easter Vigil
- Good Friday (Death of Jesus)
- Holy Saturday
- Holy Thursday (Celebration of The Last Supper)
- Epiphany
- Lent
- Pentecost or Whitsun (Descent of the Holy Spirit upon the disciples of Jesus)
- Shrove Tuesday or Mardi Gras (last day of Carnival)
- Winter Lent
- Watch Night
The Catholic fiestas patronales are celebrated in each place's patron saint's day, according to the Calendar of saints.
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti Agama Hindu
- Baisakhi
- Daserra
- Diwali
- Diwali Amvasaya (Laxmi Puja)
- Diwali (day 2)
- Bhaubeej
- Ekadasi
- Ganesh Chaturthi
- Gokul Ashtami
- Gudhi Padwa
- Holi
- Mahashivratri
- Makar Sankranti
- Onam
- Pongal
- Rama-Lilas
- Ram Navami
- Vaikunta Ekadasi
- Ugadi
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti Agama Islam
- Aashurah Muharram
- Eid: date determined by the lunar calendar and observation of the moon
- Eid ul-Fitr, Lesser Bairam
- Eid ul-Adha, Greater Bairam
- Eid ul-Fitr, Lesser Bairam
- Mawlid Al Rasul - Prophet Muhammad's Birthday
- Nisfu Shaaban
- Nuzul Al Qur'an - First revelation of Holy Koran
- Ramadan-Ul-Mubarik
- Isra' Mi'raj - Prophet Muhammad's ascension to heaven.
- Youm Arafat - Eve of Eid ul-Adha
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti Agama Yahudi
- Rencana utama: Jewish holiday
- Hanukkah (also: Chanukah; the Festival of Lights)
- Lag Ba'omer
- Passover
- Purim (Deliverance from Evil)
- Rosh Hashanah (New Year)
- Shavuot (Festival of Weeks; Harvest Festival)
- Sukkot (The Feast of Tabernacles)
- Tisha B'Av
- Tu Bishvat (New year of the trees)
- Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)
[Sunting] Cuti Musim Sejuk Hemisfera Utara
In many Western countries, the winter holiday season is known as a period of time surrounding Christmas that was formed in order to embrace all cultural and religious celebration rather than only Christian celebrations. Usually, this period begins near the end of November and ends with New Year's Day on January 1. The holiday season is usually commercially referred to with a broad interpretation, avoiding the reference of specific holidays like Hanukkah or Christmas. Traditional "holiday season" festivities are usually associated with winter, including snowflakes and wintry songs. It is noted by some, however, that winter-associated themes are simply a ripoff from Christmas tradition. In some Christian countries, the end of the festive season is considered to be after the feast of Epiphany, although this has only symbolic value.
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti secara tradisi di dalam cuti musim sejuk
- Thanksgiving - (second Monday in October in Canada, fourth Thursday in November in USA) — Holiday generally observed as an expression of gratitude, traditionally to God, for the autumn harvest. It is traditionally celebrated with a meal shared among friends and family in which turkey is eaten. It is celebrated by many as a secular holiday, and in the USA marks the beginning of the "holiday season".
- Hanukkah - (26 Kislev - 2/3 Tevet - almost always in December) — Jewish holiday celebrating the defeat of Seleucid forces who had tried to prevent Israel from practising Judaism, and also celebrating the miracle of the Menorah lights burning for eight days with only enough (olive) oil for one day.
- Christmas Day - (25 December) — Christian holiday commemorating the traditional birth-date of Jesus. Christmas is also celebrated as a secular gift-giving holiday; other observances include the decoration of trees and houses.
- Kwanzaa (USA) - (26 December - 1 January) — Holiday observance held from December 26 to January 1 honoring African-American heritage, primarily in the United States. It was created in 1966.
- Boxing Day (26 December) — Holiday observed in many Commonwealth countries on 26 December. In many European countries it is also a holiday, called St Stephen's Day or the second day of Christmas.
- New Year's Day - (1 January) — Holiday observing the first day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. Preceded by New Year's Eve on 31 December, which is celebrated with festivities in anticipation of New Year's Day.
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti kebangsaan
Templat:Lanjutan
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti antarabangsa(sekular)
Many other days are marked to celebrate events or people, but are not strictly holidays as time off work is rarely given.
- Perihelion (3-6 January, depending on year and location)[petikan diperlukan]
- Valentine's Day (14 February)
- Leap Day (29 February, every four years)[petikan diperlukan]
- International Women's Day (8th of March, particularly in Eastern European Countries)
- Astronomy Day (date varies depending on cycle of Moon)[petikan diperlukan]
- April Fool's Day (1 April)[petikan diperlukan]
- Earth Day (22 April)
- Labour Day, Worker's Day or May Day (1 May, most countries - United States and Canada are prominent exceptions)
- Mother's Day (second Sunday in May in North America, fourth Sunday in Lent in UK)
- World Ocean Day (8 June)[petikan diperlukan]
- Father's Day (Various dates depending on celebrating country)
- Halloween (31 October)
- United Nations holidays[petikan diperlukan]
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti sekular lain
Other secular holidays not observed internationally:
- Independence day (observed by many different countries at different dates)
- Lee-Jackson-King Day (20 January) Combined holiday celebrated in the Commonwealth of Virginia from 1984 to 2000
- Martin Luther King Day (third Monday in January in the United States)
- Groundhog Day (2 February in United States and Canada)
- Patriot's Day (third Monday in April in Massachusetts and Maine, United States)
- Queen's Day (30 April in the Netherlands)
- Labour Day (Many European and South American countries celebrate Labour Day on May 1)
- Loyalty Day (1 May in the United States)
- Flag Day (14 June in the United States)
- Pioneer Day (24 July in Utah, United States)
- Labor Day (a United States federal holiday that takes place on the first Monday of September)
- Grandparents' Day (Sunday after September Labor Day - proclaimed in the United States by Jimmy Carter in 1978)
- Sweetest Day (third Saturday in October, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Michigan in the United States)
- Mother-in-Law's Day (fourth Sunday in October, where?)
- Boxing Day (26 December in the Commonwealth of Nations)
- Holidays originating in ancient Latvia
[Sunting] Cuti-cuti tidak rasmi
Ini adalah cuti-cuti yang diraikan oleh pelbagai kumpulan dan individu. Sebahagiannya direka untuk mempromosi sesuatu perkara, ada yang untuk mengiktiraf peristiwa bersejarah yang tidak diiktiraf secara rasmi dan ada juga hanya cuti-cuti "lucu", biasanya bertujuan sebagai hiburan dan alasan untuk berkongsi gelak ketawa bersama rakan-rakan.
- Blame Someone Else Day (first Friday the 13th of the year)
- Bloomsday (16 June based on James Joyce's novel Ulysses)
- Break up Day (13 February)
- Buy Nothing Day (The Day After Thanksgiving)
- Evoloterra (20 July celebrates the first manned Moon Landing)
- Festivus (23 December)
- Flying Spaghetti Monsterism Holy Day (every Friday)
- International Cannabis Day (20 April)
- International Dadaism Month (4 February, 1 April, 28 March, 15 July, 2 August, 7 August, 16 August, 26 August, 18 September, 22 September, 1 October, 17 October, 26 October)
- International Talk Like a Pirate Day (19 September)
- Mole Day (23 October)
- No Pants Day (first Friday of May)
- Pi Approximation Day (22 July)
- Pi Day (14 March - North America only)
- Star Wars Day (4 May) ("May the Fourth be with you")
- Steak and Blowjob Day(14 March)
- Tax Freedom Day
- Towel Day (25 May) (a tribute to the late Douglas Adams)
- X-Day (5 July in the Church of the SubGenius)
[Sunting] Lihat juga
Templat:Cookbookpar
- Federal holiday
- Bank Holiday
- Holiday heart syndrome
- D-Day
- Adventure tourism
- List of holidays by country
- List of holiday colors
- Annual observances in the United States
- Annual observances in the United Kingdom
- Luxury resorts
- Scientology holidays
[Sunting] Pautan luar
- Holidays -- Calendars and Lists di Projek Direktori Terbuka
- Holiday Stress Brings Anxiety and Abuse (ABC News)ms:Hari raya