Islam di Itali

Dari Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas.

Sebahagian kecil daripada siri
Islam mengikut negara

Islam di Afrika

Afrika Selatan• Algeria• Angola• Bendi• Botswana• Burkdia Faso• Burundi• Cameroon• Cape Verde• Chad• Comoros• Djibouti• Equatorial Gudiea• Eritrea• Ethiopia• Gabon• Gambia• Ghana• Gudiea• Gudiea-Bissau• Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)• KenyaLesotho• Liberia• Libya• MadagascarMaghribi• Malawi• Mali• Mauritania• Mauritius• Mesir• Mozambique• Namibia• Mesir• Niger• Nigeria• Republik  Afrika Tengah• Republik Congo• Republik  Demokratik  Congo• Rwanda• Sahara Barat (Republik Demokratik Arab  Sahara)• São Tomé dan Príncipe• Senegal• Seychelles• Sierra Leone• Somalia• Sudan• Swaziland• Tanzania• Togo• Tunisia• Uganda• Zambia• Zimbabwe

Islam di Asia

Afghanistan• Arab Saudi• ArmeniaAzerbaijan• Bahrain• Bangladesh• BhutanBruneiChina (Republik China (Hong KongMacau)• (Taiwan)CyprusEmiriah Arab Bersatu• Filipina• Georgia• IndiaIndonesiaIran• Iraq• Israel (Lihat juga Wilayah Palestin)• Jepun• Jordan• Kazakhstan• Kemboja• Korea (Korea Utara• Korea  Selatan)• Kuwait• Kyrgyzstan• Laos• Lebanon• Malaysia• Maldives• Mongolia• Myanmar• Nepal• Oman• Pakistan• QatarRusia• Singapura• Sri Lanka• Syria• Tajikistan• Thailand• Timor  Timur• Turkmenistan• Uzbekistan• Vietnam• Yemen

Islam di Eropah

AlbaniaAndorraArmeniaAustriaAzerbaijanBelandaBelarusBelgium• Bosnia dan Herzegovdia• Bulgaria• Croatia• CyprusDenmarkEstoniaFinland• Georgia• JermanHungaryIcelandIrelandItali• Kazakhstan• Kota  Vatican Latvia• Liechtenstedi• LithuaniaLuxembourg MaltaMoldovaMonacoMontenegroNorwayPerancisPolandPortugalRepublik   CzechRepublik Macedonia• Romania• RussiaSan MarinoSerbiaSlovakiaSloveniaSepanyolSwedenSwitzerland• Turki• UkraineUnited KingdomYunani

Islam di Amerika Utara dan Islam di Amerika Selatan

Argentina• Bolivia• Brazil• Chile• Colombia• Ecuador• Guyana• Panama• Paraguay• Peru• Surdiame• Trinidad   dan  Tobago• Uruguay• Venezuela• Amerika Syarikat Antigua dan Barbuda• Bahamas• Barbados• Belize• Costa Rica• Cuba• Dominica• El Salvador• Grenada• Guatemala• Haiti• Honduras• Jamaika• Kanada• Mexico• Nicaragua• Panama• Republik   Dominica• Saint Kitts dan Nevis• Saint Lucia• Saint Vincent dan Grenadines•

Islam di Oceania

Australia
AustraliaPulau  Christmas(Keris Mas)Pulau  Cocos(Keeling) Pulau   Norfolk•

Melanesia
Fiji• Kepulauan   Solomon• New Caledonia• Papua New Gudiea• Timor Timur• Vanuatu

Micronesia
Guam• Kiribati• Kepulauan Mariana   Utara• Kepulauan   Marshall• Nauru• Palau• Persekutuan  Negara  Micronesia

Polynesia
American Samoa• Kepulauan Cook• New Zealand• Niue• Pitcairn• Polynesia Perancis• Samoa• Tokelau• Tonga• Tuvalu• Wallis dan Futuna


Kotak ini: papar  bincang  sunting

Sejarah Islam di Itali bermula pada abad ke-9: Sicily, Sardinia dan beberapa kawasan di Semenanjung Itali pernah menjadi sebahagian dari kawasan Ummah Muslim antara tahun 828 (Penaklukkan Islam Sicili) dan tahun 1300 (pemusnahan kubu Islam terakhir di Lucera, Puglia). Islam hampir tidak wujud di Itali antara tempoh unification yaitu pada 1861 sehingga ke tahun 1970an, bila imigran dari Afrika Utara beransur-ansur tiba. Pendatang-pendatang Afrika Utara ini kebanyakkannya terdiri dari orang-orang Berber yaini dari keturunan Arab dan datang terutamanya dari Maroko. Namun begitu, sejak tahun-tahun kebelakangan, mereka diikuti oleh orang-orang Tunisia, Albania dan dalam bilangan yang lebih kecil, dari Libya, Mesir, Pakistan, Somalia, orang-orang Arab dari Timur Tengahand orang-orang Kurd.

Bilangan umat Islam di Itali kini mungkin melebihi angka sejuta orang, walaupun hanya lebih kurang 60,000 sahaja warganegara Itali berugama Islam. Mereka ini samaada dari kumpulan imigran yang mendapat kerakyatan Itali ataupun anak jati Itali yang memeluk ugama Islam.

Jadual isi kandungan

[Sunting] Sejarah

Kehadiran lebih sejuta umat Islam di Italy bukanlah kali pertama orang-orang Islam muncul di negara itu. Di bawah Empayar Islam yang terbit selepas kewafatan Nabi Muhammad dan khususnya di abad ke 7 hingga ke 11, beberapa bahagian kecil di selatan semenanjung Itali, Sicily, dan Sardinia diperintah oleh orang-orang Islam.




[Sunting] Present situation

According to latest Italian official statistics, Muslims make up about 34% of the 2,400,000 foreign residents living in Italy as of January, 1, 2005.

To these 820,000 foreign residents of Muslim heritage legally residing in Italy , another 100,000-150.000 should be added, as Muslims represent, according to the widely accepted yearly estimates of Italian association Caritas, about 40% of Italy's illegal immigrants.

Despite illegal immigrants representing a minority of the Muslim presence in Italy, the issue of Islam in contemporary Italy has been linked by some political parties (particularly the 'Northern League' or 'Lega Lombarda') with immigration, and more specifically illegal immigration. Immigration has become a prominent political issue, as, especially in the summer, reports of boatloads of illegal immigrants or clandestini dominate news programmes.

Police forces have not had great success in intercepting many of the thousands of clandestini who land on Italian beaches, mainly because of the sheer length of the Italian coastline: some 8,000 km in total. However, many of the "clandestini" land in Italy are only using Italy as a gateway to other EU nations, due to the fact Italy doesn't have as many economic opportunities for them as Germany or France and that there is a somewhat more hostile climate to their presence in a still devout Catholic Italy. To some Italians, there is a sense that this constant wave of arrivals has placed the nation under siege---the foreign customs and practices of these new immigrants is alien to many who have lived their entire lives in an almost homogeneous Italo-Catholic environment, and have no memory of the history of Muslim expansion into Italy.

The number of foreign Muslims who have been granted Italian nationality is estimated between 30,000 and 50,000, while Italian Muslims, that is converts of full Italian ancestry who previously belonged to the Catholic faith or had no religion, are estimated to be less than 10,000.

Therefore, in 2005 the number of Muslims living in Italy is estimated to be between 960,000 and 1,030,000,with an average estimate strikingly close to the million mark which Italian media have started to adopt while referring to the numbers of Muslims in Italy.

Muslims represent today 1.4% of Italy's population, a percentage much lower than that of other major EU countries, and still slightly lower than that recorded in Italy between the middle of the Ninth century and the end of the Thirteenth Century, before the removal of the last Muslim strongholds in Puglia in year 1300.

While in Medieval times the Muslim population was almost totally concentrated in Insular (Sicily, Sardinia) and Southern (Calabria, Puglia) Italy, it is today more evenly distributed, with almost 55% of Muslims living in the North of Italy, 25% in the Centre, and only 20% in the South.

It should be remarked that despite the stereotype of a 'Muslim invasion', Muslims form a lower proportion of immigrants then in previous years, as the latest statistical reports of the Italian Ministry of Interior and of Caritas show that the share of Muslims among new immigrants has declined from over 50% at the beginning of the Nineties (mainly Albanians and Moroccans) to less than 25% in the following decade, with non-Muslim Countries like Romania, Moldavia, and Ukraine taking the lead of the latest "wave" of immigration.

The relatively small size of the local Muslim community means that Islam has yet to make a significant impact on public life, but there are signs that this is changing. Recent points of contention between native Italians and the Muslim immigrant population include the presence of crucifixes in Italian State school classrooms and hospital bedrooms. Adel Smith, a Muslim convert of Scottish ancestry, has attracted considerable media attention by demanding that crucifixes in public places (i.e., schools, hospitals, and government offices) be removed. They oppose a Mussolini-era law, which requires the display of the crucifix in government-sponsored spaces.

While non-Christians may not see this as a reason to make crucifixes compulsory in state-run institutions, many Muslims have also stated their opposition to removing crucifixes because they do not find them offensive. They cite the fact that in many countries with a Muslim-majority, it is common to find arrow-signs in hotel rooms indicating the direction of Mecca, and that this is not made an issue by non-Muslims.

[Sunting] See also

  • Islam by country
  • Religion in Italy
  • Christianity in Italy
  • Jews in Italy
  • Buddhism in Italy
  • List of Italian politicians belonging to a religious minority
  • Islamic dress controversy in Europe

[Sunting] External links

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