Pertempuran Gaugamela
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Pertempuran Gaugamela | |||||||
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Sebahagian daripada the Siri perperangan Iskandar Agung | |||||||
![]() Jan Brueghel the Elder, 1602, Pertempuran Arbela, atau Pertempuran Issus |
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Penempur | |||||||
Macedon | Achaemenid Persia | ||||||
Komander | |||||||
Iskandar Agung | Darius III | ||||||
Kekuatan | |||||||
9,000 peltasts,[1] 31,000 hoplites,[1][2] 7,000 kalavari[2] |
62,000 peltasts,[3] 15,000 Immortals,[4] 2,000 Greek hoplites,[5] 1,000 Bactrians,[5] 12,000 cavalry,[6] 200 scythed chariots,[7] 15 war elephants[8] |
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Pengorbanan | |||||||
4,000 | 40,000[6] |
Templat:Campaignbox Wars of Alexander the Great
Dalam Pertempuran Gaugamela (IPA: /ˌgɔgəˈmilə/) in 331 BC Iskandar Agung dari Macedon mengalahkan Darius III dari Achaemenid Persia. Pertempuran ini turut dikenalis ebagai Pertempuran Arbela. Pertempuran ini turut menggunakan gajah perang.
[Sunting] Sumber moden
- Delbrück, Hans (1920). History of the Art of War. University of Nebraska Press. Reprint edition, 1990. Translated by Walter, J. Renfroe. 4 Volumes.
- Dodge, Theodore Ayrault (1890-1907). History of the Art of War: Alexander
- Engels, Donald W. (1978). Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian Army. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London.
- Fox, Robin Lane (1973). Alexander the Great. London: Allen Lane.
- Fuller, J. F. C. A Military History of the Western World. Three Volumes. New York: Da Capo Press, Inc., 1987 and 1988.
- v. 1. From the earliest times to the Battle of Lepanto; ISBN 0-306-80304-6: pp. 87 to 114 (Alexander the Great).
- Green, Peter. Alexander of Macedon 356-323 B.C.
- Green, Peter (1990). Alexander to Actium; The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age. Berkeley/Los Angeles.
- History of the Greek Nation volume Δ, Ekdotiki Athinon, Athens 1973
- Moerbeek, Martijn (1997). The battle of Issus, 333 BC. Universiteit Twente.
- De Santis, Marc G. “At The Crossroads of Conquest.” Military Heritage. December 2001. Volume 3, No. 3: 46-55, 97 (Alexander the Great, his military, his strategy at the Battle of Gaugamela and his defeat of Darius making Alexander the King of Kings).
- Van der Spek, R.J. "Darius III, Alexander the Great and Babylonian Scholarship." in: W. Henkelman, A. Kuhrt eds., A Persian Perspective. Essays in Memory of Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg. Achaemenid History XIII (Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 2003) 289-342.
- Warry, J. (1998). Warfare in the Classical World. ISBN 1-84065-004-4.
- Welman, Nick. Battles (Major) and Army. Fontys University.
[Sunting] Pautan luar
- Livius.org tells the story of Alexander and quotes original sources. Favors a reconstruction of the battle which heavily privileges the Babylonian astronomical diaries.
- [1] provides a new scholarly edition of the Babylonian Astronomical Diary concerning the battle of Gaugamela