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      <text bytes="10347" xml:space="preserve">;Place your request for adminship here, after the voting place the request at [[m:Requests for permissions|Meta: Requests for permissions]].

==Using this page==
'''Note:''' Do not place votes in this section.

:Place the following code at the bottom of the appropriate section below, then post your request.
&lt;pre&gt;
=== [[User:...]] ===

Your text with remarks ~~~~

==== Support ==== 
#

==== Oppose ====
#

==== Comments ====

&lt;/pre&gt;

== Current nominations for adminship ==

=== [[User:Rpel]] ===
As recommended by [[User:CFynn|CFynn]], I am willing to become an admin and contribute to Dzongkha Wikipedia. I have been working with the Dzongkha Development Commission (DDC) since 2009 as an ICT Officer. Recently, I have been assigned the task of adding Dzongkha articles in Dzongkha Wikipedia by DDC. I have also been asked to provide Dzongkha support in Wikipedia such as changing Dzongkha font, translate menu option names, etc. Being an admin, I will be able to contribute more and thus attract more readers. [[User:Rpel|Rpel]] ([[User talk:Rpel|talk]]) ༠༥:༢༨, ༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)

==== Support ====
# [[User:CFynn|CFynn]] ([[User talk:CFynn|talk]]) ༠༦:༤༦, ༢༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
# [[User:Impro|Impro]] ([[User talk:Impro|talk]]) ༡༤:༠༡, ༢༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
# [[User:Doctor 17|Doctor 17]] ([[User talk:Doctor 17|talk]]) ༡༠:༥༣, ༡༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)

==== Oppose ====
#

==== Comments ====
 I have known this user for over 10 years. She is a native speaker of Dzongkha and a very capable and responsible IT graduate who has been working with Dzongkha language computing all these years. [[User:CFynn|CFynn]] ([[User talk:CFynn|talk]]) ༠༦:༤༦, ༢༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
* I am the creator of [[:w:ru:Проект:Бутан|WikiProject «Bhutan» in Russian Wikipedia]] since 2010 and a Honorary Member of [[:w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Bhutan|WikiProject «Bhutan» in English Wikipedia]]. I created the Portal «Bhutan» in [[:w:ru:Портал:Бутан|Russian]] and [[:w:uk:Портал:Бутан|Ukrainian]] Wikipedia.  I have been keeping an eye on Dzongkha Wikipedia since 2010 and I am the most prolific editor for Dzongkha Wikipedia. Dzongkha Wikipedia needs native-speaking Dzongkha readers and editors. However, right now the interface and font in Dzongkha Wikipedia is not convenient for Dzongkha readers and editors. Therefore, Dzongkha Wikipedia has few or no readers and editors. Dzongkha Wikipedia needs a Dzongkha Writing Administrator to customize this Wikipedia for Dzongkha readers and editors. I trust [[User:CFynn|CFynn]]'s recommendation. ([[User:CFynn|CFynn]] has been an active Wikipedia editor since 2008 on the [[:w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject Bhutan|English WikiProject «Bhutan»]].) Therefore, I support [[User:Rpel|Rpel]]'s candidacy as administrator of Dzongka Wikipedia. --[[User:Impro|Impro]] ([[User talk:Impro|talk]]) ༡༤:༠༡, ༢༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)

=== [[User:CFynn|CFynn]] ===

Several people have asked me to be an Admin on this Wiki and I am willing to do this. I have basic knowledge of Dzongkha, and professional knowlege of character, font, and encoding issues and development of Dzongkha websites. I work as an IT consultant for the Dzongkha Development Commission (over 5 years), and previously worked for the National Library and Archives of Bhutan and for the Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications in Bhutan. I have been making some contributions to the Dzongkha Wikipedia since January 2008 and editing other Wikipedia projects since February 2005.   

I will ask someone else to volunteer as well, since I think it is important to have a minimum of at least two administrators with knowledge of Dzongkha
if this Wiki is going to get anywhere.

[[User:CFynn|CFynn]] ([[User talk:CFynn|talk]]) (Chris Fynn) ༠༦:༢༩, ༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)

==== '''Support''' ====  
# I know CFynn's great contribution about Bhutan in English Wikipedia and in Wikimedia Commons. I'm glad CFynn decided to restore order in Dzongkha Wikipedia. This Wikipedia really needs to get an administrator with knowledge of Dzongkha language. I'm glad that CFynn invite users who know Dzongkha, as in this wiki is not enough users. Support his candidacy. --[[User:Impro|Impro]] ([[User talk:Impro|talk]]) ༡༠:༣༤, ༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)
# I have known CFynn for years and have collaborated with him on three separate occasions while working for the Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications in Bhutan. He has excellent technical skills, he understands the bhutanese culture, and most importantly with good intentions he is very committed to the advancement of dzongkha computing in its various aspects (proper rendering of its characters, digitalisation of source material, organisation of resources, etc.). I support his candidacy. --[[User:Amontano7|Amontano7]] ([[User talk:Amontano7|talk]]) ༡༢:༢༣, ༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)
# I am delighted to support CFynn's request. His commitment to Bhutan is without question, as is his technical expertise. He will be such a credit to the Wikipedia. I have contributed to the Wikipedia for a decade and am an admin on the Volapük Wikipedia. [[User:Evertype|Evertype]] ([[User talk:Evertype|talk]]) ༡༠:༣༤, ༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)
#  CFynn has an excellent contribution of his photos. It should be a good start [[User:Neon|Neon]] ([[User talk:Neon|talk]]) ༢༡:༢༣, ༡༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)
# CFynn has been a key driver of this site for many years and I fully endorse him as an admin on this Wikipedia. [[User:Doctor 17|Doctor 17]] ([[User talk:Doctor 17|talk]]) ༡༠:༥༥, ༡༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)

==== '''Oppose'''====
#

===='''Comments'''====

=== [[User:Tenraj|Tenraj]] ===
As recommended by CFynn, I am willing to contribute to Dzongkha Wikipedia by being an admin. 
I am brought up and educated in Bhutan. I have degree in Bachelors of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering from India. I am now working at the Dzongkha Development Commission.

[[User:Tenraj|Tenraj]] ([[User talk:Tenraj|talk]]) ༡༠:༥༦, ༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)

==== '''Support'''====  
#[[User:CFynn|CFynn]]
# I am glad that Administrator with competently Dzongkha language will be in Dzongkha Wikipedia. This wikipedia really needs in Admin with competently Dzongkha language. I hope you make a lot of useful contribution. --[[User:Impro|Impro]] ([[User talk:Impro|talk]]) ༡༠:༤༨, ༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)
# I hope the new administrator should bring to Dzongka community a good structure to colect knowledge in Dzongka language.   [[User:Neon|Neon]] ([[User talk:Neon|talk]]) ༢༡:༣༠, ༡༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)
# [[User:Doctor 17|Doctor 17]] ([[User talk:Doctor 17|talk]]) ༡༠:༥༥, ༡༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)

===='''Oppose''' ====
#

===='''Comments'''====

== Granted requests ==
See: [[Wikipedia:Requests for adminship/Granted]]

[[Category:ཝི་ཀི་པི་ཌི་ཡ།]]

[[an:Wikipedia:Candidaturas á almenistrador]]
[[ar:ويكيبيديا:إداريون/تصويت]]
[[ast:Uiquipedia:Candidatures a alministrador]]
[[bat-smg:Vikipedėjė:Prašėmā ivairė]]
[[bg:Уикипедия:Номиниране на администратори]]
[[bs:Wikipedia:Prijedlozi za upravnika]]
[[ca:Viquipèdia:Candidatura a administrador]]
[[cs:Wikipedie:Žádost o práva správce]]
[[da:Wikipedia:Anmodning om administratorstatus]]
[[de:Wikipedia:Kandidaturen]]
[[el:Βικιπαίδεια:Υποψήφιοι διαχειριστές]]
[[en:Wikipedia:Requests for adminship]]
[[es:Wikipedia:Candidaturas a bibliotecario]]
[[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:درخواست‌های مدیر شدن]]
[[fo:Wikipedia:Áheitan um umboðsstjórastøðu]]
[[fr:Wikipédia:Candidature au statut d'administrateur]]
[[he:ויקיפדיה:מפעיל נולד]]
[[hi:विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक पद के लिये निवेदन]]
[[hr:Wikipedija:Administratori/Prijedlozi za administratore]]
[[it:Wikipedia:Amministratori/Candidati]]
[[ja:Wikipedia:管理者への立候補]]
[[ka:ვიკიპედია:ადმინისტრატორების არჩევნები]]
[[ko:위키백과:관리자 선거]]
[[la:Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus]]
[[lb:Wikipedia:Adminkandidaturen]]
[[lbe:Википедия:Requests for adminship]]
[[lt:Vikipedija:Kandidatavimas į administratorius]]
[[mi:Wikipedia:Ngā tono whakatū kaiwhakahaere]]
[[mk:Википедија:Барања за администраторски статус]]
[[nl:Wikipedia:Aanmelding moderatoren]]
[[pl:Wikipedia:Przyznawanie uprawnień]]
[[pt:Wikipedia:Pedidos de administração]]
[[rmy:Vikipidiya:Mangimata vash o administratoresko statuto]]
[[ro:Wikipedia:Candidaţi]]
[[ru:Википедия:Заявки на статус администратора]]
[[simple:Wikipedia:Requests for permissions]]
[[sl:Wikipedija:Prošnje za administratorstvo]]
[[sr:Википедија:Захтеви за администрирање]]
[[st:Wikipedia:Requests for adminship]]
[[sv:Wikipedia:Ansökan om administrativ behörighet]]
[[tg:Википедиа:Дархостҳои мудир шудан]]
[[th:วิกิพีเดีย:เสนอชื่อเพื่อเป็นผู้ดูแล]]
[[tr:Vikipedi:Hizmetlilik başvurusu]]
[[tt:Wikipedia:Идарәче статусына заявка]]
[[vi:Wikipedia:Biểu quyết chọn bảo quản viên]]
[[yo:Wikipedia:Ìtọrọ láti di alámòjútó]]
[[zh:Wikipedia:申请成为管理员]]
[[zh-classical:維基大典:有秩選舉]]
[[zh-yue:Wikipedia:申請做管理員]]</text>
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[[File:ThimphuView.jpg|right|thumb|240px]]

'''ཐིམ་ཕུག''' གྲོང་􀮣 [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་རྫོང་ཁག]] [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]

( 27.48°N 89.7°E - Thimphu, BTTHI )

ཐིམ་ཕུག་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་དང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་སྐུ་འཁོར་དང་བློན་པོ་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ དེ་ལས་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་སྐུ་ཚབ་ཚུ་བཞུགས་ས་དང་ གོང་འཕེལ་ཅན་གྱི་ལས་འགུལ་ཚུ་ ཁག་འབག་སའི་ཁྲོམ་ཚོགས་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན།

མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་དང་ཡིག་ ཚང་ དེ་ལས་ གཞན་ལྷན་རྒྱས་གཞུང་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཡིག་ཚང་ཡང་ རྫོང་འདི་ནང་ཨིནམ་ལས་ རྫོང་འདི་ག་ནི་བ་ཁག་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་གིས་མ་ཚད་པར་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་ཁང་དང་ཡིག་ཚང་གཞན་གྱི་རིགས་ཡང་ ཆུ་ཕར་ཁར་ རྫོང་གི་གདོང་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ ག་ནི་བ་ཉམས་དགའ་ཏོག་ཏོ་དང་འཇའ་མཆིས་ཆི་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད་འདི་ [[བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་གི་ཉེ་འདབས་་ལུ་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་]] དེ་ནང་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་སྔོན་རབས་དང་ནངས་པའི་ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་རིག་གནས་དང་ གཞུང་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གི་ལམ་སྲོལ་མི་ཉམས་གོང་དུ་སྤེལ་མི་ ལྷ་བྲིས་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལུ་ [[ལྷ་བྲིས་དང་འཇིམ་བཟོ་]] དེ་ལས་ འདམ་ལཱ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གྲུབ་འབྲས་ཚུ་ སྟོན་ནི་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ སྟོན་ཁང་ནང་ལས་ རང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་དྲན་ཆས་ཚུ་ཡང་ འཐོབ་ཚུགས། རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བའི་སྦུག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ རྗེས་དྲན་ཆོས་རྟེན་འདི་ མི་དབང་ཞིང་གཤེགས་ རྒྱལ་རབས་གསུམ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལུ་ རྗེས་དྲན་གྱི་ཚུལ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་གྱིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༤ ལུ་ བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། མཆོད་རྟེན་འདི་ནང་ གསང་སྔགས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་རིགས་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གི་ལག་བཟོ་ཚོང་ཁང་གིས་ ཐགས་རིགས་དང་ལག་བཟོའི་རིགས་ཚུ་ འགྲེམ་སྟོན་འབདཝ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཐགས་རིགས་འགྲེམ་སྟོན་ཁང་གིས་ ཐགས་ཀྱི་རིག་རྩལ་དང་དེའི་ཐོན་བསྐྱེད་ དེ་ལས་ རང་ལུགས་འབྲུག་པའི་གྱོན་ཆས་ཚུ་ འགྲེམ་སྟོན་འབདཝ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ སངྱས་སྒང་ལུ་འགྱོ་བ་ཅིན་ [[ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཁྲོམ་ཡང་]] ཧིང་སངས་སངས་སྦེ་མཐོང་ཚུགས་པའི་ཁར་ ལམ་ཁ་ལུ་ཡང་ ང་བཅས་ར་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཅན་ གྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙེ་ཡང་ མཐོང་ཚུགས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ གཟའ་ཉིམ་དང་ཟླ་བའི་ཚེ་ ཚོད་བསྲེ་ཁྲོམ་ཁར་འགྱོ་བ་ཅིན་ མི་དྲག་གཞན་ཆེ་ཆུང་མེད་པར་ ཚོད་བསྲེ་དང་ཤིང་འབྲས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ ཉོ་བ་འོང་ས་དང་ཉོ་སྟེ་ ལོག་འགྱོ་མི་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་དང་འཕྱད་ཚུགས། [[དེ་ཚུ་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་སྤྲོ་བ་གཞན་]] ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལས་བྱང་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ ལྕགས་རི་དང་རྟ་མགོ་གནས་ མཇལ་ནི་ཡོད། གནས་གཉིས་མཇལ་བ་འགྱོ་སའི་ལམ་ཁར་ བདེ་ཆེན་ཆོས་གླིང་ཕོ་བྲང་དང་ སྤང་རི་ཟམ་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་ དེ་ལས་ དེའི་ཉེ་འདབས་ཀྱི་གཡུས་ཚན་ཚུ་ཡང་ མཐོང་ནི་ཡོད།

དུས་རབས་ ༡༧ པའི་ནང་ [[ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་]] བཞེངས་ཡོད་པའི་སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་རྫོང་འདི་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཁྲོམ་ལས་ ལྷོ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༥ འི་ས་ཁར་ ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྫོང་འདི་ནང་ བཤད་གྲྭ་ཅིག་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོད།


* [[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད]]
* [[དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་]]
* [[བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང]]
* [[རྟ་མགོ།]]
* [[རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery caption=&quot;Thimphu&quot;&gt;
Thimphu-08-vom Buddha Dordenma-Stadion-2015-gje.jpg|Thimphu
Thimphu-30-Verkehrspolizist-2015-gje.jpg|Downtown Thimphu
Thimphu-Buddha Dordenma-50-Halle-2015-gje.jpg|Buddha Dordenma
Thimphu-Buddha Dordenma-28-68. Erzabt-2015-gje.jpg|
Thimphu-Dzong-18-Adler-2015-gje.jpg|Dzong
Thimphu-Markt-08-Frau mit Kleinkind-2015-gje.jpg|Market
Thimphu-Nationalchoerten-12-Altersheim-2015-gje.jpg|Memorial Chorten
Thimphu-Weberei-08-2015-gje.jpg|
Thimphu-Papiermanufaktur-16-2015-gje.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;

[[Category:ཐིམ་ཕུ|   ]]

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&lt;!--

If this page obviously does not meet the criteria for speedy deletion, or you intend to fix it, please remove this notice, but do not remove this notice from articles that you have created yourself.
Make sure no other pages [[Special:Whatlinkshere/{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|link here]] and check the page's [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=history}} history] before deleting.

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Using of this template:
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&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Delete|Spam|category}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; gives the same but the first sentence would be: ''This category is a candidate for speedy deletion.''

'''Please don't forget to sign a request for deletion!'''

[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི|T]]

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    <title>ཁང་ཆེས་</title>
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      <text bytes="606" xml:space="preserve">ཤིང་དང་ ལྕགས་ཀྱིས་ བཟོ་བཟོ་བའི་ ཁྱིམ་ནང་ གི་ཅ་ལ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཁང་ཆེས་ ཟེར་སླབ་འོང་།
[[File:Dom Uphagena - 010.JPG|thumb|ཁང་ཆེས་]]

&lt;br&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Vrba postelja.jpg|
File:Lundia-hylly.jpg|
File:Table set by tapiovaara.jpg|
File:VOLTAIRE Seat.jpg|
File:A_brown_sofa_(2005-03-03).jpg|
File:Hocker fcm.jpg|
File:Salemer Münster Musikerzimmer Notenschrank.jpg|
File:Vedel childrens furniture gh.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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[[Category:ཁང་ཆེས་| ]]</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Cekli829|Cekli829]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="222" xml:space="preserve">[[File:New Zealand 23 October 2002.jpg|right|thumb|ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ་]]

'''ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ་''' 


----
* [[ནོ་ཝེ་]]


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[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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    <title>པ་ལང་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1970</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27733</id>
      <parentid>27679</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="267" xml:space="preserve">པ་ལང་ འདི་ ཤེལ་དམ་ ཤིང་ ཨིང་ ཆབ་ཆུ་། ཤེལ་དམ་ ཤེལ་དམ་ ཀ་ཀུར་ ཨང་ ཨིང།


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[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>རྫོང་ཁ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>1992</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28859</id>
      <parentid>28858</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-03-23T02:28:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MrMeAndMrMe</username>
        <id>8922</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>vandalism</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8355" xml:space="preserve">==ངོ་སྤྲོད།==
རྫོང་ཁ་ནི་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྐད་ཡིག་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ཕྱི་སྣོད་སའི་རྒྱ་ཚད་ཆུང་རུང་ ཁ་སྐད་མ་འདྲཝ་ ༡༩ ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་ཡོད་པའི་ ཁ་སྐད་ཀྱིས་ཕྱུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཁ་སྐད་དེ་ཚུའི་ནང་ལས་ རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༢ དེ་ཅིག་ལས་ར་ དཔོན་གྱི་སྒོ་ཁ་དང་དམག་སྡེའི་དྲག་གྲས། ཤེས་ཡོན་ཅན་གྱི་མི་བརྒྱུད། གཞུང་སྐྱོང་དང་བདག་སྐྱོང་ཚུ་གི་ཁ་སྐད་ཅིག་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནུག ཨིན་རུང་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ཡི་གུ་དང་ ཁྲིམས་འབྲེལ་ཡིག་ཆ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ ཆོས་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་བྲིས་ཏེ་སྡོད་ནུག དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༡ ལུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་ ༸དཔལ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྐད་ཡིག་སྦེ་གསལ་བསྒྲགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ རྫོང་ཁ་ལྷབ་སྦྱང་གི་དཔེ་དེབ་ཚུ་འབྲི་ནི་དང་པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཤེས་རིག་ལྷན་ཁག་འོག་ལུ་ རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་སྡེ་ཚན་ཅིག་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་སྟེ་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ཁག་ལས་ཕར་ རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ སྐད་ཡིག་དང་རྩོམ་རིག་གི་གྲས་ཁར་ སློབ་སྟོན་གྱི་ཆོས་ཚན་ཅིག་སྦེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག།

*[[རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས།]]
*[[རྫོང་ཁའི་ལྡེ་སྒྲོམ།]]

== འབྲི་ཐངས་ལམ་ལུགས། ==
རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ བོད་སྐད་ཡི་ གསལ་བྱེད་ལག་ལེན་ཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཨིན་རུང་ འབྲི་བའི་སྐབས་ སྔོན་མ་ལས་ཡོད་པའི་ ཡི་་གུའི་འཟོ་རྣམ་ ''ཚུག་ཡིག་''  ཟེར་མི་འདི་ལག་ལེན་ཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

=== གསལ་བྱེད་གསུམ་བཅུ། ===
ཀ་ ཁ་ ག་ ང་། ཅ་ ཆ་ ཇ་ ཉ། ཏ་ ཐ་ ད་ ན། པ་ ཕ་ བ་ མ། ཙ་ ཚ་ ཛ་ ཝ། ཞ་ ཟ་ འ་ ཡ། ར་ ལ་ ཤ་ ས། ཧ་ ཨ།

=== དབྱངས་བཞི། ===
ཨི་ ཨུ་ ཨེ་ ཨོ

== རྗོད་སྒྲ། ==
&lt;br /&gt;

== དཔེ་ཡིག། ==
        
 དཀར་མཛེས་ཨ་ཡིག་ལས་འཁྲུངས་ཤེས་བློའི་གཏེར།།
 ཕས་རྒོལ་ཝ་སྐྱེས་གཟིལ་གནོན་གདོང་ལྔ་བཞིན།།
 ཆགས་ཐོགས་ཀུན་བྲལ་མཚུངས་མེད་འཇམ་དབྱངས་མཐུས།།
 མ་ཧཱ་མཁས་པའི་གཙོ་བོ་ཉིད་གྱུར་ཅིག།

== འབྲེལ་མཐུད ==

=== མིང་ཚིག ===
* [http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/online/onlinedictionary.php རྫོང་ཁའི་ཚིག་མཛོད།] &lt;small&gt;( རྫོང་ཁ - ཨིང་ལིཤ ། ཨིང་ལིཤ - རྫོང་ཁ ། རྫོང་ཁ - རྫོང་ཁ )&lt;/small&gt; ། [http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/online/dictionaries/dz-en-dict/index.html རྫོང་ཁ་ཨིང་ལིཤ་ཤན་སྦྱར་ཚིག་མཛོད།] &lt;small&gt;( རྫོང་ཁ - ཨིང་ལིཤ )&lt;/small&gt; - [[རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས]] &lt;small&gt;( [http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/index.en.php ཨིང་ལིཤ] - [http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/ རྫོང་ཁ] )&lt;/small&gt;
* [http://www.panl10n.net/english/outputs/DCT.pdf རྫོང་ཁ་གློག་རིག་གི་མིང་ཚིག་ཚུ་]&lt;small&gt;(pdf)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;( ཨིང་ལིཤ - རྫོང་ཁ )&lt;/small&gt;
* [http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/publications/PDF-publications/English-Dzongkha_Pocket_Dictionary.pdf ཨིང་ལིཤ་རྫོང་ཁ་ཤན་སྦྱར་དེབ་ཆུང་ཚིག་མཛོད།]&lt;small&gt;(pdf)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;( ཨིང་ལིཤ - རྫོང་ཁ )&lt;/small&gt;
* [http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/publications/PDF-publications/Rigpai_Lodap.pdf འབྲིང་རིམ་རྫོང་ཁ་ཨིང་རིཤ་ཚིག་མཛོད༌རིག༌པའི༌ལོ༌འདབ།]&lt;small&gt;(pdf)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;( རྫོང་ཁ - ཨིང་ལིཤ )&lt;/small&gt;
* [http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/publications/PDF-publications/Thesaurus.pdf རྫོང་ཁའི་མིང་ཚིག་རྣམ་གྲངས་དང་འགལ་མིང་སྐར་ཚེགས་ཕྲེང་བ།]&lt;small&gt;(pdf)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;( རྫོང་ཁ - རྫོང་ཁ )&lt;/small&gt;

=== བརྡ་སྤྲོད ===
* [http://www.library.gov.bt/IT/wylie-DZ.html རྫོང་ཁའི་སྒྲ་སྒྱུར།] - [[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད]] &lt;small&gt;([http://www.library.gov.bt/IT/wylie.html ཨིང་ལིཤ] - རྫོང་ཁ )&lt;/small&gt;
* [http://dzongkha.sourceforge.net/html/dzo_web1024X768/script.html འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྐད་ཡིག་་རྫོང་ཁ།] ([http://dzongkha.sourceforge.net/html/web1024X768/script.html Dzongkha]) - རྫོང་ཁ་ལི་ནགསི། &lt;small&gt;( [http://dzongkha.sourceforge.net/html/dzo_web1024X768/home.html རྫོང་ཁ] - [http://dzongkha.sourceforge.net/html/web1024X768/home.html ཨིང་ལིཤ] )&lt;/small&gt;
* [http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom2_dz.htm Romanization of Dzongkha] &lt;small&gt;(ཨིང་ལིཤ)&lt;/small&gt;
* [http://www.raonline.ch/pages/bt/visin/bt_dzongkha01.html Dzongkha: Origin and Description] &lt;small&gt;(ཨིང་ལིཤ)&lt;/small&gt;
* [http://www.omniglot.com/writing/dzongkha.php Dzongkha language, alphabet and pronunciation ( རྫོང་ཁ )] &lt;small&gt;(ཨིང་ལིཤ)&lt;/small&gt;
* [[རྫོང་ཁ]] : [[:ru:Дзонг-кэ|Русский]], [[:fr:Dzongkha|Français]], [[:ja:ゾンカ語|日本語]], [[:et:Dzongkha keel|Eesti]], [[:en:Dzongkha|English]]
* [http://www.panl10n.net/Presentations/Laos/RegionalConference/LanguageProcessingApps/Dzongkha_TTS.pdf Pioneering Dzongkha Text To Speech Synthesis]&lt;small&gt;(pdf)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;(ཨིང་ལིཤ)&lt;/small&gt;
* [http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/online/index.html རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ།] - [[རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས]] &lt;small&gt;([http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/online/index.en.html ཨིང་ལིཤ] - རྫོང་ཁ )&lt;/small&gt;

=== གཞན ===
* [http://www.library.gov.bt/IT/dzongkha-DZ.html རྫོང་ཁ་ཡུ་ནི་ཀོཌ།] - [[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད]] &lt;small&gt;( རྫོང་ཁ - [http://www.library.gov.bt/IT/dzongkha.html ཨིང་ལིཤ] )&lt;/small&gt;

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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2066</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28281</id>
      <parentid>28277</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-09-24T22:33:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Turkmen</username>
        <id>6119</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="291" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Africa satellite orthographic.jpg|right|thumb|ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་]]

'''ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་''' 
[[File:Location of Africa.svg|left|thumb|250px|]]

----
* [[ཨེན་ཊཱག་ཊི་ཀ་]]


{{stub}}

[[Category:འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱས་བཤད]]</text>
      <sha1>3mdpcudou6vok4s1ppcqub984tsy3no</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨེན་ཊཱག་ཊི་ཀ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2067</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28205</id>
      <parentid>27157</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-04-19T23:57:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>186.143.161.70</ip>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="664" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Antarctica (orthographic projection).svg|thumb|ཨེན་ཊཱག་ཊི་ཀ་]]
[[File:Antarctica 6400px from Blue Marble.jpg|right|thumb|ཨེན་ཊཱག་ཊི་ཀ་]]
'''ཨེན་ཊཱག་ཊི་ཀ་'''
ཨིན་ཊར་ནེཌ་འདི་ འགོ་ངག་པ་ར་
----
* [[ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་]]

&lt;gallery&gt;
File: 061212-nordkapp.jpg
File:GletscherMM.jpg
File:Fryxellsee Opt.jpg
File:Mount Erebus Aerial 2.jpg
File:Aurore australe - Aurora australis.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{Commons|Antarctica|ཨེན་ཊཱག་ཊི་ཀ་}}
{{stub}}

[[Category:འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱས་བཤད]]</text>
      <sha1>psm82gdrkh0568owbf1a1c87wmiwd1g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2068</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28033</id>
      <parentid>27225</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-12-13T22:00:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>74</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Times_Square_1-2.JPG|Times_Square_1-2.JPG]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Jameslwoodward|Jameslwoodward]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Times Square 1-2.JPG|]].</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="570" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|right|150px]]
[[File:USA topo en.jpg|right|thumb|ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེསི་]]
'''ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེསི''' ༼ United States of America ༽


== མངའ་སྡེ ==


&lt;gallery perrow=&quot;5&quot;&gt;
Image:Golden Gate Bridge Clear.JPG
Image:Lexington Battle Green, Lexington MA.jpg
Image:0326New York City Statue of Liberty.JPG
Image:Castillo de Disneyland.jpg

&lt;/gallery&gt;


-------
* [[ཀེ་ན་ཌ]]
* [[མེཀསི་ཀོ་]]

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>je6uy8zfl7g19671nev9w31e5sex2jk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཀེ་ན་ཌ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2069</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27224</id>
      <parentid>24141</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T08:48:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="219" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Canada-census layout.png|right|thumbnail|ཀེ་ན་ཌ་]]
'''ཀེ་ན་ཌ་''' 


-------
* [[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེསི་]]


{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>buwotyt2vtcolktqmr5qpt0gzryavie</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མེཀ་སི་ཀོ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2070</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27226</id>
      <parentid>25596</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T08:53:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="276" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of Mexico.svg|right|thumb]]


'''མེཀསི་ཀོ་'''


* [[གའཀར།]]


-------
* [[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས]]
* [[ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན་]]


{{stub}}


[[Category:མེཀ་སི་ཀོ |*]]</text>
      <sha1>8fyi0s5m8h6jahjd1i43yc5kb48e898</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2071</id>
    <redirect title="ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན" />
    <revision>
      <id>23558</id>
      <parentid>23391</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T06:58:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Move to  [[ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན]]</text>
      <sha1>82qj4jhlmt4kk5g7xawjhp6a6ig1hzg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2072</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28763</id>
      <parentid>28251</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-03T04:05:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AzerWiki2907</username>
        <id>8828</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* See Also */Added content</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3282" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|right|thumb]]
'''བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་'''(Brasil)ནི་[[ལྷོ་ཨ་མེ་རི་ཀ་]]འི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན།
རྒྱལ་ས་[[བྲ་ཛི་ལི་ཡ་]]ཨིན་དང་གྲོང་སྡེ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་[[སན་པའུ་ལོ་]]ཨིན། 
ཁོའི་རྒྱ་ཚད་༨་༥༡༥་༨༠༠km²འདུག་དང་མི་འབོར་༢༠༡༠༣༢༧༡༤་མི་འདུག།

===བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།===
[[File:Brazil political map (pt).gif|right|300px|thumb|བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་ལུང་ཕྱོགས།]]&lt;br&gt;
*བྱང་ལུང་ཕྱོགས།
# [[ཨ་མ་ཛོ་ནས་]] (Amazonas,AM)
# [[རོ་རའི་མ་]] (Roraima,RR)
# [[ཨ་ཀིརེ་]] (Acre,AC)
# [[རོན་དོ་ནི་ཡ་]] (Rondônia,RO)
# [[ཏོ་ཀན་ཅིནས་]] (Tocantins,TO)
# [[པ་ར་]] (Pará,PA)
# [[ཨ་མ་པ་]] (Amapá,AP)

*ཤར་བྱང་ལུང་ཕྱོགས།།
# [[མ་ར་ཉན་]] (Maranhão,MA)
# [[པི་ཨ་ཝི་]] (Piauí,PI)
# [[སེ་ཨ་ར་]] (Ceará,CE)
# [[རིའོ་གྲན་དེ་དོ་ནོར་ཏེ་]] (Rio Grande do Norte,RN)
# [[པ་ར་ཨི་བྷ་]] (Paraíba,PB)
# [[པེར་ནམ་བྷུ་ཀོ་]] (Pernambuco,PE)
# [[བ་ཨི་ཡ་]] (Bahia,BA)
# [[སེར་ཞི་པེ་]] (Sergipe,SE)
# [[ཨ་ལ་གོ་ཝས]] (Alagoas,AL)

*ནུབ་ལྟེ་ཝ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས།
# [[མ་ཏོ་གྲོ་སོ་]] (Mato Grosso,MT)
# [[མ་ཏོ་གྲོ་སོ་དོ་སུལ་]] (Mato Grosso do Sul,MS)
# [[གོ་ཡས་]] (Goiás,GO)
# (Distrito Federal,DF)

*ཤར་ལྷོ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས།
# [[མི་ནས་ཞེ་རའིས་]] (Minas Gerais,MG)
# [[ཨེས་པི་རི་ཏོ་སན་ཏོ་]] (Espírito Santo,ES)
# [[རིའོ་དེ་ཞ་ནེའི་རོ་ (རྒྱལ་ཁབ)]] (Rio de Janeiro,RJ)
# [[སན་པའུ་ལོ་(རྒྱལ་ཁབ)]] (São Paulo,SP)

*ལྷོ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས།།
# [[པ་ར་ན་]] (Paraná,PR)
# [[སན་ཏ་ཀ་ཏ་རི་ན་]] (Santa Catarina,SC)
# [[རིའོ་གྲན་དེ་དོ་སུལ་]] (Rio Grande do Sul,RS)

==Gallery==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Amazon.A2002182.1405.1km.jpg|ཨ་མ་ཛོ་ནིཡ་ནགས་ཚལ།
File:Brasil bergland.jpg|བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་གྱི་ས་ཉམས།
File:Brazilian National Congress.jpg|བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་ལིཡ།
File:Caracol Falls.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==See Also==
* [[སན་པའུ་ལོ།(རྒྱལ་ས་)]]
*[[རིའོ་དེ་ཞ་ནེའི་རོ་(རྒྱལ་ས་)]]
*[[ཨ་མ་ཟོ་ནི་ཡ་ནགས་ཚལ་]]
*[[བྲ་ཛིལ་ཀྱི་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས་]]
*[https://www.bro.web.id/2022/01/script-html-bucin.html script html bucin]

[[Category:བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་| ]]</text>
      <sha1>t93lfthuadfj5ksz1q72w2fn1l63ad6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྒྱ་ནག</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2073</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28087</id>
      <parentid>27186</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-01-28T03:22:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Chongkian</username>
        <id>3759</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="268" xml:space="preserve">[[File:China 100.78713E 35.63718N.jpg|thumb|རྒྱ་ནག]]
'''རྒྱ་ནག'''

----
* [[རྒྱ་མི]]
* [[ཀྲུང་ཀོ]]

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱ་ནག| ]]
[[Category:འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱས་བཤད]]</text>
      <sha1>s4468lnjpa701n3ceo5gnvwi5w8pv8o</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཇ་པཱན</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2074</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27816</id>
      <parentid>27784</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-07-05T19:57:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sayorimayu</username>
        <id>6432</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="563" xml:space="preserve">རྒྱལ་ཁབ ''' ཇཱ་པཱན། ''' 日本

ཇ་པན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ཤར་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་ལུ་ཆགས་ཏི་ཡོད་མི་མཚོ་གླིང་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨི

Emperor : [[Naruhito]] 
[[File:Flag of Japan.svg|right|thumb]]
[[File:Japan-CIA_WFB_Map.png|right|thumb]]


རྒྱལ་ས [[ཊོ་ཀི་ཡ]] ''(Tokyo)''།


----
* [[འཇར་པན།]]


{{Asia}}

{{stub}}


[[Category:ཇཱ་པཱན |*]]</text>
      <sha1>9i5c4cr13cbt9sjamndtqf71be20khp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>སོག་པོ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2075</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28846</id>
      <parentid>28697</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-03-09T13:46:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>J.King 680</username>
        <id>8825</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="366" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of Mongolia.svg|right|thumbnail|]]
[[File:Naadam.jpg|right|thumbnail|སོག་པོ་]]
[[File:Mongolia in its region.svg|thumb|]]
'''སོག་པོ'''
[[File:Mongolian Aimags 2007, mn-Mong.png|center|500px]]

----
* [[ཨུ་ལཱན་བ་ཊར]]

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>bm0kmb7zgi5728yxa8h7cl3pitlwsn3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཏའི་ཝཱན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2076</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27275</id>
      <parentid>25665</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-11-01T08:41:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="326" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of Taiwan.svg|right|150px]]
[[File:Locator map of the ROC Taiwan.svg|thumb|]]
[[File:Taiwan NASA Terra MODIS 23791.jpg|right|thumbnail|ཏའི་ཝཱན་]]
'''ཏའི་ཝཱན་'''

----
* [[ཏའི་པི]]

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>lsdj4yabx4tz1fdvmux3v1dim9gwr4m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2077</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27348</id>
      <parentid>27335</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-22T08:27:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ruslik0</username>
        <id>2089</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="287" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of Cambodia.svg|right|150px]]
[[File:LocationCambodia.svg|right|thumbnail|ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་]]

'''ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་'''
----

* [[ནོམ་པེན]]

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>iawkusk1hh8lrsoc71366f3e9r0ctcw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མེ་མར་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2078</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27253</id>
      <parentid>24577</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T22:41:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="256" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of Myanmar.svg|right|150px]]
[[File:Myanmar in its region.svg|right|thumb|མེ་མར་]]
'''མེ་མར་'''

----
* [[རང་གཱུན]]

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>arw4fut22t5z13ht05lsl9pqhvjf8yi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2079</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27706</id>
      <parentid>27655</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T11:48:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>113.249.63.95</ip>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="372" xml:space="preserve">{{translate}}


King :  [[Vajiralongkorn|Rama X]]

[[File:LocationThailand.svg|right|thumb|300px|ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ]]
[[File:Flag of Thailand.svg|right|thumb]]
[[File:Emblem of Thailand.svg|right|150px]]
'''ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ'''
----

* [[བེང་ཀོཀ]]

{{Asia}}


{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>oz7w36whcy29sy1yfirkcvij3btjesn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2080</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27259</id>
      <parentid>27257</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T22:52:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="404" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Locator map of South Korea.svg|right|thumb|ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]
[[File:Coat of arms of South Korea.svg|right|150px]]
[[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|thumb|right]]
'''ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་'''


----------
* [[སི་འོལ]]
* [[བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>0tfxlqr45gbzu1j5r4wg6xr0dyca9d7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2081</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28462</id>
      <parentid>27260</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-07-09T06:08:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Wolverène</username>
        <id>3965</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="498" xml:space="preserve">[[File:LocationNorthKorea.png|right|thumb|བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]
[[File:Flag of North Korea.svg|right|thumb|flag]]
[[File:Korea north map.png|right|thumb|map]]

'''བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་'''(조선민주주의인민공화국, 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國)


---------
* [[པིའོང་ཡང་]]
* [[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]
* [[ཀྲུང་ཀོ]]


{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>03nm4wvlraqvsgea5pu8ko671mb8edf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2082</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26811</id>
      <parentid>26795</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T16:21:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Impro moved page [[དབྱིན་ཇ་]] to [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="329" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Location UK EU Europe.png|right|thumb|ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ་]]
[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|right|thumb]]
'''ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ་'''

----


{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>dt3ra94t6jdom35aop8vxqaqd31b470</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཕརཱནསི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2083</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28175</id>
      <parentid>26884</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-15T08:20:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>7070</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fix lint error</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="984" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''''ཕརཱནས''&lt;br /&gt;''France'''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of France.svg|125px|]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Armoiries république française.svg|105px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Mapadefrancia.svg|250px]]
|}
'''ཕརཱནསི་'''


[[File:Satellite image of France in August 2002.jpg|right|thumb|ཕརཱནསི་]]
[[File:EU location FRA.png|right|thumb|]]
[[File:Flag of France.svg|right|thumb]]


----

* Commons:[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/France]


{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཕརཱནས|*]]
[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>2gz8nvyfs73lzd1ddxujtvrtcymlxmz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཇཱར་མ་ནི</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2084</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28386</id>
      <parentid>28257</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-03-03T01:12:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>74</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Coat_of_Arms_of_Germany.svg with [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Germany.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: file renamed).</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="889" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''''ཇཱར་མ་ནི''&lt;br /&gt;''Deutschland '''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|125px|]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Germany.svg|105px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:LocationGermany.png|250px]]
|}
'''ཇཱར་མ་ནི་'''


----
[[File:Brandenburger Tor nachts 2012-07.jpg|thumb]]


[[File:Uetersen Klosterkirche 00.jpg|thumb|left|[[ཨུ་ཏེར་སེན]]]]


{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:ཇཱར་མ་ནི་|*]]</text>
      <sha1>sglp7tmwnd4go368luyhkoss047vuk7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>གྲྀས</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2085</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28173</id>
      <parentid>27346</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-15T08:18:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>7070</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fix lint error</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="782" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''''གིརིསི''&lt;br /&gt;''Ελλάδα '''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag_of_Greece.svg|125px|]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Greece.svg|135px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:EU-Greece.svg|250px]]
|}

'''གིརིསི་'''
[[File:Brainsik-ermoupoli.jpg|right|thumb|གིརིསི་]]
----

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>m3vsiau027jyz0ixa40utbktpvo0dxg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨྀཊ་ལི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2086</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28764</id>
      <parentid>28177</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-03T04:10:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AzerWiki2907</username>
        <id>8828</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added content</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="998" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''''ཨྀཊ་ལི ''&lt;br /&gt;''Italia'''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|125px|]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Emblem of Italy.svg|105px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Italy in European Union.svg|250px]]
|}
'''ཨྀཊ་ལི་'''


[[File:Location Italy EU Europe.png|right|thumb|ཨྀཊ་ལི་]]
[[File:Flag of Italy.svg|right|thumb]]


----


* Commons:[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Italy]
*[https://www.bro.web.id/2022/01/script-html-bucin.html html bucin]

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཨྀཊ་ལི |*]]
[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>ai89pqwdurjlz7ua6o7rbcv0ck7ho5u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨས་ཊེཡེ་ལི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2087</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28831</id>
      <parentid>28828</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-19T10:41:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Giraffer</username>
        <id>8601</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/77.243.27.128|77.243.27.128]] ([[User talk:77.243.27.128|talk]]) (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="569" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of Australia.svg|right|thumbnail|]]
[[File:Australia satellite plane.jpg|right|thumbnail|ཨས་ཊེཡེ་ལི་ཡ་]]
'''ཨས་ཊེཡེ་ལི་ཡ་''' 

----
* [[སིཌི་ནི]]
* [[མེལ་བོརོན]]
* [[ཨ་ཌི་ལེ་ཌི]]
* [[བིརིསི་བེན]]
* [[བོརོ་ཀཱན་ཧིལ]]
* [[དར་ཝིན]]
* [[ཧོ་བཱཊི]]
* [[ལིན་ཌི་མེན]]
* [[ལོརོཌི་ཧོ་ཝི]]
* [[པརཐ]]

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>oows7f1benua1m2t6y4436aevhmrf03</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2088</id>
    <redirect title="ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>7017</id>
      <timestamp>2007-06-27T01:14:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jose77</username>
        <id>87</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ]] moved to [[ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ་]]: Correct name</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ་]]</text>
      <sha1>r6zqikgw6mmsq9qzdc1sea1kksjmxg7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2089</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26969</id>
      <parentid>26919</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T15:15:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="952" xml:space="preserve">&lt;br clear=all /&gt;
{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot;
|- 
| [[File:LocationEurope.png|75px]]
! width=&quot;100%&quot; bgcolor=#FFEFD5 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | &lt;center&gt;[[ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]&lt;/center&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot; | | [[གིརིསི་]] | [[ཇཱར་མ་ནི་]] | [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ་]] | [[ཨྀཊ་ལི་]] | [[ཕརཱནསི་]] | [[སིཔཱེན་ ]] | [[པོར་ཅུ་གལ་]] | [[སུའི་ཌན་]] | [[ནོ་ཝེ་]] | [[ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་]] | [[བེལ་ཇིཡམ་]] | [[ཌེན་མཱཀ་]] | [[ཕིན་ལེནཌ་]] | [[ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་]] | [[ཨས་ཊི་ཡ་]] | [[ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ]] | [[ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་]] | [[སུའིཊ་ཛར་ལེན་]] | [[ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་]]
|}</text>
      <sha1>oomoy7iqzb8aqt39k71i8rn8zvfejde</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>སིཔཱེན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2090</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28289</id>
      <parentid>28279</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-09-24T22:34:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Turkmen</username>
        <id>6119</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="347" xml:space="preserve">[[File:EU-Spain.svg|right|thumb|]]
[[File:Alhambradesdegeneralife.jpg|right|thumb|སིཔཱེན་]]
[[File:Flag of Spain.svg|right|thumb]]
'''སིཔཱེན་'''

----

* [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Spain Commons]
{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>o1gh0lztdjl3pp92hscsp3kf55s8rul</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>པོར་ཅུ་གལ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2091</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25453</id>
      <parentid>25452</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-03-19T08:24:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cekli829</username>
        <id>1119</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="282" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Location Portugal EU Europe.png|right|thumb|250px|པོར་ཅུ་གལ་]]
[[File:Flag of Portugal.svg|right|thumb]]
'''པོར་ཅུ་གལ་'''

----

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>jngo88ormbl9gzu687tyjk3wn9gocpd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>སུའི་ཌན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2092</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26087</id>
      <parentid>24376</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-09-27T00:23:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sodacan</username>
        <id>5324</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="363" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Location Sweden EU Europe.png|right|thumb|250px|སུའི་ཌན་]]
[[File:Great coat of arms of Sweden.svg|right|150px]]
[[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|right|200px]]
[[File:Ales stenar bred.jpg|right|thumb]]
'''སུའི་ཌན་'''

----


{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>5tcgokfd8g0xylq3dkclj9la74pdcrm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ནོ་ཝེ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2093</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26685</id>
      <parentid>26684</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-10-26T10:31:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Magnefl</username>
        <id>3400</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>text</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="571" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Europe-Norway.svg|thumb|250x250px|ནོ་ཝེ་]]
[[File:Flag of Norway.svg|right|thumb|]]
'''ནོ་ཝེ་'''

&lt;center&gt;&lt;gallery &gt;
Borgundstavkirke.jpg|Old Church
Geiranger2.JPG|Geiranger
Sognefjord, Norway.jpg|Sognefjord
Vippetangen2.jpg|Oslo
Vegaoyan.jpg|West Norway coast
Mixed_Picea_(Spruce)_forest_from_Vestfold_county_in_Norway.jpg|Forest
Norway National House.JPG|Norway National House
Troll_A_Platform.jpg|Oil platform
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/center&gt;

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>6nfc4ji89sx1rmx11b8krn6zsg9f37s</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2094</id>
    <revision>
      <id>24664</id>
      <parentid>24419</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-05-05T10:21:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3332</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q55]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="341" xml:space="preserve">[[File:EU location NED.png|right|thumb|250px|ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་]]
[[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|right|thumb|]]
[[File:Keukenhof-Szmurlo.jpg|right|thumb|]]
'''ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་'''

----


{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>tqmi5xla5p4hn3z146uigg9xfhh0xr7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བེལ་ཇིཡམ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2095</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27402</id>
      <parentid>27383</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-22T08:50:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ruslik0</username>
        <id>2089</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded again|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded again]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded again|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="275" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Location Belgium EU Europe.png|right|thumb|250px|བེལ་ཇིཡམ་]]
[[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|right|thumb|]]
'''བེལ་ཇིཡམ་'''

----

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>r0w5xd069k4rrpvo8teectj7t5bvibr</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ཌེན་མཱཀ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2096</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28174</id>
      <parentid>26881</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-15T08:20:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>7070</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fix lint error</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1029" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''''ཌེན་མཱཀ''&lt;br /&gt;''Kongeriget Danmark'''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Denmark.svg|125px|]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:National Coat of arms of Denmark.svg|105px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Denmark in European Union.svg|250px]]
|}
'''ཌེན་མཱཀ་'''


[[File:EU location DEN.png|right|thumb|250px|ཌེན་མཱཀ་]]
[[File:Flag of Denmark.svg|right|thumb|]]
[[File:Storebæltsbroen from Sjælland.jpg|right|thumb|]]


* Commons:[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Denmark]

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཌེན་མཱཀ|*]]
[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ཕིན་ལེནཌ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2097</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28171</id>
      <parentid>26886</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-15T08:17:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>7070</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fix lint error</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1038" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''''ཕིན་ལེནཌ''&lt;br /&gt;''Suomi'''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Finland.svg|125px|]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|105px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Finland in European Union.svg|250px]]
|}
[[File:Location Finland EU Europe.png|right|thumb|250px|ཕིན་ལེནཌ་]]
[[File:Flag of Finland.svg|right|thumb|]]
[[File:Savonlinna heinäkuu 2002 IMG 1635.JPG|right|thumb]]

'''ཕིན་ལེནཌ་'''


* Commons:[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Finland]


{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཕིན་ལེནཌ|*]]
[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>n411oo9gf2coilyeyjs0zhpnzjqq27s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2098</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28176</id>
      <parentid>26953</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-15T08:20:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>7070</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fix lint error</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1031" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''''ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ''&lt;br /&gt;''Ísland'''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Iceland.svg|125px|]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Iceland.svg|105px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Iceland in Europe.svg|250px]]
|}


'''ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་'''


&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Iceland sat cleaned.png|[[ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ]]
Image:Map of Iceland.svg|[[ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ]]
Image:Grímsey Iceland.JPG|
&lt;/gallery&gt;


* Commons:[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dsland]

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}


[[Category:ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་ |*]]
[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>i29yxid1qidzigv8deyhln9of8nj3wc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨས་ཊི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2099</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28288</id>
      <parentid>28280</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-09-24T22:34:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Turkmen</username>
        <id>6119</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="306" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Location Austria EU Europe.png|right|thumb|250px|ཨས་ཊི་ཡ་]]
[[File:Flag of Austria.svg|right|thumb|]]
[[File:Upper belvedere.jpg|right|thumb|]]
'''ཨས་ཊི་ཡ་'''


{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>eacct5vw68hq99o1lcyn35bwdu0coyr</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2100</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26917</id>
      <parentid>24169</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T23:24:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="344" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Ireland.A2003004.jpg|right|thumb|250px|ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ་]]
[[File:Flag of Ireland.svg|right|thumb|]]
[[File:Red deer.jpg|right|thumb|]]
'''ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ་'''


[[ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ]]


{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>fxr09wodexm2bm2a0vdvehyevj34dhh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>སུའིཊ་ཛར་ལེན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2101</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26424</id>
      <parentid>26250</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-06-22T11:10:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 26250 by [[Special:Contributions/91.32.0.33|91.32.0.33]] ([[User talk:91.32.0.33|talk]])</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="452" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Ibergeregg sea of fog.jpg|right|thumb|250px|སུའིཊ་ཛར་ལེན་]]
[[File:Coat of Arms of Switzerland (Pantone).svg|right|150px]]
[[File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg|right|200px]]

[[File:Europe-Switzerland.svg|thumb]]
[[File:Swiss National Park, 2.jpg|right|thumb|]]
'''སུའིཊ་ཛར་ལེན་'''

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>pu8al766nn97wf359cc77g5xzkoszxs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:ཨེ་ཤར་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2102</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28179</id>
      <parentid>15036</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-15T08:21:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>7070</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fix lint error</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1194" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot; class=&quot;NavFrame&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavHead&quot; style=&quot;background-color:lightsteelblue;&quot;&gt; [[ཨེ་ཤར་ཡ་]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;NavContent&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;
| [[ཇ་པཱན་]] | [[རྒྱ་ནག]] | [[སོག་པོ་]] | [[ཏའི་ཝཱན་]] | [[ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་]] | [[མེ་མར་]] | [[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་]] | [[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]] | [[བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]] | [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]] | [[རྒྱ་གར་]] | [[ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ་]] | [[བལ་ཡུལ་]] | [[བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ་]] | [[མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་]] | [[ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་]] | [[ཨི་རཱན་]] | [[ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན་]] | [[ཨིཛ་རཱེལ་]] | [[ཀུ་ཝེཊ་]] | [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཨ་རབ་ཨེ་མི་རེཊསི་]] | [[ཨུཛ་བེ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་]] | [[ཏ་ཇག་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་]] | [[ཀ་ཏར་]] | [[བཧ་རེན་]] | [[སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་]] |
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>73i1v7yod0570c0rp1mr4jiyl9j8uui</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>འབྲུག་ཙན་དན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2103</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29266</id>
      <parentid>29073</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-06-04T12:56:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>1234qwer1234qwer4</username>
        <id>4027</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/AljaWiki290702|AljaWiki290702]] ([[User talk:AljaWiki290702|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:219.153.240.1|219.153.240.1]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1542" xml:space="preserve">རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་འདི་ འགོ་དང་པ་ ༡༩༥༣ ལུ་ རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་འབད་འབདཝ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ༡༩༦༦ ལུ་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་ཀྱི་ཚིག།

'''རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས།'''

&lt;big&gt;

:འབྲུག་ཙན་དན་བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ན།།

:དཔལ་ལུགས་གཉིས་བསྟན་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་བའི་མགོན།།

:འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།།

:སྐུ་འགྱུར་མེད་བརྟན་ཅིང་ཆབ་སྲིད་འཕེལ་།།

:ཆོས་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས་།།

:འབངས་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཉི་མ་ཤར་བར་ཤོག།།

&lt;/big&gt;


:''(Druk tsenden keipi'' 
:''gyelkhap na''
:''Pyel loog nig tyensi'' 
:''chongwei gyen''
:''Druk gyelpo ngadak rinpoche''
:''Koo jurmey tyentsing chap tsid pyel''
:''Che sangye tyenpa darshing gyel''
:''Bang deykyed nyima shar wara sho.)''


*[[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]

== འབྲེལ་མཐུད། ==
* http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/bhutan/pid/7054

[[Category:འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2013-03-06T23:20:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 20 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q856162]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་'''      གྲོང་􀮣 [[ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག]]


{{stub}}

[[Category:གྲོང་􀮣 འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</text>
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    <title>སྤུ་ན་ཁ་</title>
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        <id>1635</id>
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      <comment>[[Category:སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="310" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:PunakhaDzong.jpg|right|thumb|280px|སྤུ་ན་ཁ་]]

'''སྤུ་ན་ཁ་'''      གྲོང་􀮣 [[སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག]]

{{stub}}

[[Category:གྲོང་􀮣 འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]
[[Category:སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>2089</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Legobot|Legobot]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1085" xml:space="preserve">[[File:BhutanSamdrupJongkhar.png|right|thumb|250px|བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་]]
[[File:Bhutan CIA WFB 2010 map.png|right|thumb|250px|བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་ (Samdrup Jongkhar)]]

'''བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་'''      གྲོང་􀮣 [[བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག]]
== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==

{{stub}}

[[Category:གྲོང་􀮣 འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 15 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1019534]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''ཀྲོང་གསར་''' གྲོང་􀮣 [[ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག]]


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    <title>རྒྱ་གར</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>25690</parentid>
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        <ip>2401:4900:840:F513:0:20:D9A9:4601</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Tibetan</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4259" xml:space="preserve">''' ཨིན་ཌི་ཡ། (རྒྱ་གར) '''

[[File:India population density map en.svg|right|thumb|རྒྱ་གར་]]&lt;small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Tibetan Dara is one of the two hills (dara in local language)(the other being Deolo Hill) connected by a ridge on which the town of Kalimpong stands. The hill is 1,372 metres (4,501 feet) above mean sea level and is located south west of the town. The hill commands a panoramic view overlooking the town of Kalimpong, the snow clad Himalayan ranges of West Sikkim, the Teesta River and its valleys and the Jelepla Pass in the distance. A golf course is also present just off the summit.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;[[File:Flag of India.svg|thumb|right]]

རྒྱལ་ས [[ནིའུ་ཌེ་ལི]] ''(New Delhi)''།


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! State !! Capital !! Area (km²)  !! Population
|-
| ཨན་དར་ར་ པར་དེ་ཤི || ཧེདྲ་བཱད་ || 275,045  || 75,727,541 
|-
| ཨ་རུ་ན་ཅཱལ། || ཨི་ཊ་ན་གར། || 83,743  || 1,091,117
|-
| ཨ་སཱམ། ||  ཌིས་པུར། || 78,438  || 26,638,407 
|-
| བི་ཧར། || པཊ་ན། || 99,199 || 82,878,796 
|-
| ཆཱཏྶི་གྷར། || རཱཡེ་པུར། || 135,237 || 20,795,956 
|-
| གོ་བ། || པ་ཎ་ཇི། || 3,702 || 1,343,998 
|-
| གུཇ་རཱཏ། || གཱན་དྷཱི་ན་གར། || 196,024 || 50,596,992 
|-
| ཧ་རི་ཡ་ན། || ཅནྜི་གར། || 44,212 || 21,082,989 
|-
| ཧི་མཱ་ཅལ་པྲདེཤ || སིམ་ལ། || 55,673 || 6,077,248 
|-
| ཇམ་མུ་དང་ཀསྨིར། || ཤྲི་ན་གར། || 100,569 || 10,069,917 
|-
| ཇར་ཁན་ཌ྄ || རན་ཅི། || 74,677 || 26,909,428 
|-
| ཀཱརནཱ་ཊཀ || བེངྒ་ལོར། || 191,791 || 52,733,958 
|-
| ཀེར་ལ། || ཏིརུ་ཝ་ནྲན་ཐ་པུ་རམ། || 38,864 || 31,838,619 
|-
| མ་དྱཱ། པྲ་དེཤ || བྷོ་པཱལ། || 308,209 || 60,385,118 
|-
| མ་ཧཱ་རཱཥྲ་ཏྲ། || མུམ་བཻ། || 307,713 || 96,752,247 
|-
| མ་ཎི་པུར། || ཨིམ་ཕཱལ། || 22,327 || 2,388,634 
|-
| མེ་གྷཱ་ལ་ཡ། || ཤི་ལོང་། || 22,429 || 2,306,069 
|-
| མི་ཛོ་རམ། || ཨཡི་ཛི་ཝལ། || 21,081 || 891,058 
|-
| ནཱ་གཱ་ལནྜ། || ཀོ་ཧི་མ། || 16,579 || 1,988,636 
|-
| ཨོ་རི་ས། || བུབ་ནེ་ཤི་ཝར། ||155,782 || 36,706,920 
|-
| པན་ཇཱབ། || ཅནྜི་གར། || 50,362 || 24,289,296 
|-
| རཱ་ཇ་སྠཱན། || ཇེཡ་པུར། || 342,239 || 56,473,122 
|-
| འབྲས་ལྗོངས། (སི་ཀིམ།) || སྒང་ཏོག || 7,096 || 540,493 
|-
| ཏ་མིལ་ནཱཌུ། || ཅི་ཎཡེ། || 130,058 || 62,110,839 
|-
| ཏྲི་པུ་ར། || ཨ་གར་ཏ་ལ། || 10,486 || 3,191,168 
|-
| ཨུཏྟ་རཱན་ཅལ || དེ་ར་དཱུན། || 63,157 || 8,479,562 
|-
| ཨུ་ཏྟར་པྲདེཤ || ལག་ནོ། || 231,256 || 166,052,859 
|-
| ནུབ་བངྒལ། || ཀ་ལི་ཀ་ཏ། || 88,752 || 80,221,171 
|-
| ཨནྡ་མན་དང་ནི་ཀོ་བར་གླིང་ཕྲན། || པོརྚ་བིལེར། || 8,249 || 356,265 
|-
| ཅན་ཌི་གར། || ཅནྜི་གར། || 114 || 900,914 
|- 
| དཱ་དྲ་དང་ན་གར་ཧ་ཝེལི། || སིལ་ཝ་ས། || 491 || 153,000 
|-
| དྷ་མན་དང་དིའུ། || དྷ་མན། || 112 || 158,059 
|-
| དིལླི། || དིལླི། || 1,483 || 13,782,976 
|-
| ལཀྵ་དྭིབ། || ཀར་ཝཱར་ཏི། || 32 || 60,595 
|-
| པོན་ཌི་ཅ་རི། || པོན་ཌི་ཅ་རི། || 492 || 973,829
|}
&lt;/big&gt;


* [[ལ་དྭགས།]]
* [[རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ]]


----
* [[ཀཱལ་ཀ་ཊ]]

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[[Category:རྒྱ་གར |*]]</text>
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      <text bytes="535" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Coat of arms of Sri Lanka.svg|right|120px]]
[[File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|right|200px]]
[[File:LocationSriLanka.png|right|thumbnail|280px|ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ་]]

'''ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ་''' རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ལ་གནའ་བོའི་དུས་ནས་བཟུང་སེང་ག་གླིང་ཟེར་བ་མཁྱེན་པར་མཛོད

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* [[ཀོ་ལོམ་བོ]]

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[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
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        <id>1635</id>
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      <text bytes="281" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Bangladesh in its region.svg|right|thumb|280px|བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ་]]
[[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|right|thumb]]
'''བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ་''' 

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* [[ཌ་ཀ]]

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[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
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        <id>1635</id>
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      <text bytes="316" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Malaysia (orthographic projection).svg|right|thumb|280px|མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་]]
[[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|right|thumb]]
'''མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ''' 

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* [[ཀུ་འ་ལ་ལམ་པུར]]

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        <id>74</id>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:National_emblem_of_Afghanistan.svg|National_emblem_of_Afghanistan.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Taivo|Taivo]] because: Broken [[:c:COM:REDIRECT|redirect]] ([[:c:COM:CSD#G2|G2]]).</comment>
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[[File:Afghanistan in its region.svg|right|thumb|280px|ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་]]

'''ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན''' 

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* [[ཀ་བཱུལ]]

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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mona.lajani|Mona.lajani]] ([[User talk:Mona.lajani|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="264" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of Iran.svg|right|250px]]
[[File:Iran in its region.svg|right|thumbnail|280px|ཨི་རཱན་]]
'''ཨི་རཱན་''' 

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* [[ཏེ་རཱན]]

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    <id>2116</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28263</id>
      <parentid>28262</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-08-31T07:43:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Janni Rye</username>
        <id>7789</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>#WPWP</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="398" xml:space="preserve">[[File:LocationLebanon.svg|right|thumb|280px|ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན་]]
[[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|thumb|right]]
[[File:Lebanese national anthem.ogg|thumb|right]]
[[File:Beirutcity.jpg|thumb|ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན་]]
'''ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན''' 

----
* [[བི་རུཊི]]

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>703eqo93fvkv8zprjc2cpom7ak2vzsm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨིཛ་རཱེལ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2117</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27261</id>
      <parentid>25454</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T22:56:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="306" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Israel in its region (pre 1967 territory).svg|right|thumb|280px|ཨིཛ་རཱེལ]]
[[File:Flag of Israel.svg|thumb|right]]
'''ཨིཛ་རཱེལ''' 

----
* [[ཇེ་རུ་ས་ལིམ]]

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>o7kcxcnm0jkorsnl4vr1i4o4ecxl1ov</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཀུ་ཝེཊ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2118</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27256</id>
      <parentid>24407</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T22:47:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="229" xml:space="preserve">[[File:LocationKuwait.png|right|thumb|280px|ཀུ་ཝེཊ]]
[[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|right|thumb]]
'''ཀུ་ཝེཊ''' 

----
*

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>aefkcghp401ntxdbw55cv50u78xjuq3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཨ་རབ་ཨེ་མི་རེཊསི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2119</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27271</id>
      <parentid>24495</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-11-01T08:37:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="415" xml:space="preserve">[[File:LocationUnitedArabEmirates.png|right|thumb|280px|ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཨ་རབ་ཨེ་མི་རེཊསི་ ]]
[[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|right|thumb]]
'''ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཨ་རབ་ཨེ་མི་རེཊསི''' 

----
* [[དུ་བ་ཡེ]]

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>0cxkbgw7gsqhyi1ij8mvt77ohs9rghp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨུཛ་བེ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2120</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27431</id>
      <parentid>27430</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-01-23T17:32:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mr. Fulano</username>
        <id>5494</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Metropolis123456789|Metropolis123456789]] ([[User talk:Metropolis123456789|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="254" xml:space="preserve">[[File:LocationUzbekistan.png|right|thumb|280px|ཨུཛ་བེ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་ ]]
'''ཨུཛ་བེ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་ ''' 

----


{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>5i8z1tnu6ndgmw7qkyx3m4l2hgxnzva</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཏ་ཇག་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2121</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28817</id>
      <parentid>28805</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-19T03:05:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ladsgroup</username>
        <id>3602</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverting botnet vandalism attack ([[phab:T302047]])</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="284" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Coat of arms of Tajikistan.svg|right|150px]]
[[File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|right|200px]]
[[File:LocationTajikistan.svg|thumb|]]

'''ཏ་ཇག་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་ ''' 

----


{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>qdoj9aw177aeafkjrd55uuvgbz5219v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཀ་ཏར་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2122</id>
    <revision>
      <id>24409</id>
      <parentid>24386</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-08T01:01:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3332</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q846]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="208" xml:space="preserve">[[File:LocationQatar.png|right|thumb|280px|ཀ་ཏར་]]
'''ཀ་ཏར་''' 

----
* [[བཧ་རེན་]]

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>myhzwu08r2cxif4dkdl2s3i8pyf5h9d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བཧ་རེན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2123</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27266</id>
      <parentid>24387</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-11-01T08:31:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="255" xml:space="preserve">[[File:LocationBahrain.png|right|thumb|280px|བཧ་རེན་]]
'''བཧ་རེན་''' 

----
* [[སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་]]

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>etn2y5znuj5tj49l5g39qknkhdaqiyx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2124</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27400</id>
      <parentid>27381</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-22T08:50:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ruslik0</username>
        <id>2089</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded again|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded again]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded again|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="397" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Emblem of Saudi Arabia.svg|right|150px]]
[[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|right|200px]]
[[File:Saudi Arabia in its region.svg |right|thumb|280px|སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་]]
'''སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་''' 

----
* [[བེ་ཀིསི་]]

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>p5h8rcbu7m4bqln9vodj4z990d8f55q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2125</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26556</id>
      <parentid>26555</parentid>
      <timestamp>2017-08-18T19:39:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kontrollstellekundl</username>
        <id>5770</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>corr.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="364" xml:space="preserve">[[File:EU location CZE.png|left|thumb|500px|ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་]]
[[File:Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg|right|300px]]
[[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|right|border|300px]]
'''ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་'''

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>halm8yszqv21oj7mgdv74igmere0fri</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཛིམ་བབ་ཝེ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2126</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28818</id>
      <parentid>28806</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-19T03:05:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ladsgroup</username>
        <id>3602</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverting botnet vandalism attack ([[phab:T302047]])</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="209" xml:space="preserve">[[File:locationZimbabwe.png|right|thumb|250px|ཛིམ་བབ་ཝེ་]]
'''ཛིམ་བབ་ཝེ་'''

* [[སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་]]


{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>445i879839vtw2or4cwkm07n5u0qw56</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2127</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26054</id>
      <parentid>25710</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-07-27T00:51:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>74</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing &quot;Coat_of_Arms_of_South_Africa.png&quot;, it has been deleted from Commons by [[commons:User:INeverCry|INeverCry]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Coat of Arms of South Africa.png|]].</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="261" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|right|200px]]
[[File:locationSouthAfrica.png|right|thumb|250px|སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་]]
'''སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་'''

* [[ཀེ་ནི་ཡ་]]


{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>19g2a2hqq441if6zz6x5gh3ljy2mhpb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཀེ་ནི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2128</id>
    <revision>
      <id>24410</id>
      <parentid>24388</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-08T01:01:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3332</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q114]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="202" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Kenya in its region (de-facto).svg|right|thumb|250px|ཀེ་ནི་ཡ་]]
'''ཀེ་ནི་ཡ་'''

* [[ཛིམ་བབ་ཝེ་]]


{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>nqc35ml7kiesscd2qfukm1si4j757bd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བལ་ཡུལ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2129</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28268</id>
      <parentid>28232</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-09-20T09:56:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gerd Eichmann</username>
        <id>6344</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>gallery added</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="986" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Nepal in its region.svg|right|thumb|བལ་ཡུལ་]]
[[File:Flag of Nepal.svg|right|thumb]]
[[File:New Emblem of Nepal.svg|right|thumb]]
'''བལ་ཡུལ་''' 

----
* [[ཀཊི་མཱན་ཌུ]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery class=center caption=&quot;བལ་ཡུལ་&quot;&gt;
Kathmandu-Durbar Square-36-Jagannath-Vishnu-Kageshwor-2007-gje.jpg|Kathmandu
Pashupatinath-Mrigasthali-42-Glocke-2014-gje.jpg|Pashupatinath
Bhaktapur-Palast der 55 Fenster-20-Schnitzerei-2013-gje.jpg|Bhaktapur
Changu Narayan-Skulptur-18-Narasimha Vishnu-2014-gje.jpg|Changu Narayan
Patan-Palastplatz-10-Yoganarendramallasaeule-2013-gje.jpg|Patan
Dingboche to Chhukung-78-Imja Tse-Ama Dablam-Taboche-Panorama-2007-gje.jpg|Himalaya
Dzongla to Lobuche-84-Weg nach Lobuche-2007-gje.jpg|Himalaya
Mustang-Lo Gekar-28-Lhatos-Gebetsfahnen-2015-gje.jpg|Mustang
Mustang-Ghami to Lo Gekar-32-2015-gje.jpg|Mustang
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>8jitamqnyqqa83hprlv7jd5x2ohlgnb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Babel</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2137</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28178</id>
      <parentid>24428</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-15T08:21:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>7070</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fix lint error</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3130" xml:space="preserve">{{#babel:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}}}|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}}}|{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{{3}}}}}|{{#if:{{{4|}}}|{{{4}}}}}|{{#if:{{{5|}}}|{{{5}}}}}|{{#if:{{{6|}}}|{{{6}}}}}|{{#if:{{{7|}}}|{{{7}}}}}|{{#if:{{{8|}}}|{{{8}}}}}|{{#if:{{{9|}}}|{{{9}}}}}|{{#if:{{{10|}}}|{{{10}}}}}|{{#if:{{{11|}}}|{{{11}}}}}|{{#if:{{{12|}}}|{{{12}}}}}|{{#if:{{{13|}}}|{{{13}}}}}|{{#if:{{{14|}}}|{{{14}}}}}|{{#if:{{{15|}}}|{{{15}}}}}|{{#if:{{{16|}}}|{{{16}}}}}|{{#if:{{{17|}}}|{{{17}}}}}|{{#if:{{{18|}}}|{{{18}}}}}|{{#if:{{{19|}}}|{{{19}}}}}|{{#if:{{{20|}}}|{{{20}}}}}|{{#if:{{{21|}}}|{{{21}}}}}|{{#if:{{{22|}}}|{{{22}}}}}|{{#if:{{{23|}}}|{{{23}}}}}|{{#if:{{{24|}}}|{{{24}}}}}|{{#if:{{{25|}}}|{{{25}}}}}
}}{{{special-boxes|}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
__TOC__
==Babel boxes==
Your Babel box is for saying what languages you know, as well as what operating system, keyboard layout, web browser, desktop environment, and text editor you are most comfortable with.  Details of how to use it for its original purpose, saying what languages you know, are at [[Wikipedia:Babel]].  Details of how to use it to say what technologies you use are fairly scattered, but a large assortment are at [[:Category:Wikipedians by technology]], or in [[:Category:Wikipedians]].

*[[Template:Babel]] - Allows 1 to 25 boxes.&lt;br /&gt;Format: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Babel|&lt;box1&gt;|&lt;box2&gt;|&lt;box3&gt;...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;

==Passing parameters to included user boxes==
The trick is to use the {{tl|!}} template. See below for an example.

==User boxes from the &quot;User:&quot; namespaces==
The Babel box prefixes its arguments with &quot;User &quot;, so it will work with the User: namespace. For example, this would include the &lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[:User:Urhixidur/Userboxes/Asteroid|User:Urhixidur/Userboxes/Asteroid]]}} user box, and pass it a parameter as well:
&lt;pre&gt;
{{Babel|&lt;box1&gt;|&lt;box2&gt;|:Urhixidur/Userboxes/Asteroid{{!}}&lt;parameter&gt;|&lt;box 4&gt;|...}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

Example: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Babel|en|fr|de|tl|ru|:UBX/1337}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; produces:

{{Babel|en|fr|de|tl|ru|:UBX/1337}}

{{-}}

==How to get Babel boxes to work on other Wikipedias==
The page you are now reading is the actual Babel template.  If you click &quot;edit this page&quot;, you will see a bunch of computer code that makes the Babel boxes work.  What you're now reading is just comments in that code, inside &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot; tags so it doesn't interfere with the computer code.

In order to have Babel boxes on another Wikimedia project, just copy this page to that project.  Click &quot;edit this page&quot; but do not actually change this page.  Just use your computer mouse to copy all the contents, including the computer code.  Create a page called &quot;Tempate:Babel&quot; on the other Wikimedia project and put the content into it.

You also need to copy over a bunch of files with names like &quot;Template:User en&quot;, &quot;Template:User en-1&quot;, &quot;Template:User fr&quot;, etc. etc.  Once you've done that, users can put e.g. &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{Babel:en-1|fr}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot; on their user page and the Babel boxes will be displayed.

&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Please translate this template into Dzongkha [http://dz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Babel&amp;action=edit (e)]&lt;/small&gt;

[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>40povnar6y78zs8uhyotu3c13wpnso6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Community Portal</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2144</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29326</id>
      <parentid>29325</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-27T21:01:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>3824</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Vote for Election Compass Statements */ new section</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="518920" xml:space="preserve">* '''dz:''' 
* '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.

== Bot bit request [[User:SieBot|SieBot]] ==
Please give a bot bit to [[User:SieBot|SieBot]], so it will not flood your RC as it adds interwiki links using pywikipedia's interwiki.py. [[User:SieBot|SieBot]] is active on 180 Wikipedias. See the [[User:SieBot|user page]] of the bot for more details, or check a complete overview of its activities [[:nl:Gebruiker:SieBot/Overview|here]]. Cheers! [[User:Siebrand|Siebrand]] ([[:nl:User talk:Siebrand|talk]]) ༢༣:༢༡, ༡༧ August ༢༠༠༧ (UTC)

: '''Done.''' —[[m:user talk:Pathoschild/s|Pathoschild]] ༠༡:༡༩, ༢ September ༢༠༠༧ (UTC)

== Bot status for [[User:PipepBot|PipepBot]] ==
Hello! I ask for permission to run my interwiki bot [[User:PipepBot|PipepBot]] here, and to get a bot flag for it.
* Operator: [[:it:User:Pipep]]
* Purpose: Interwiki
* Software: Pywikipedia
* Has bot flag at: als, am, an, ar, arc, ast, az, bat-smg, be, be-x-old, bn, bpy, bs, ca, ce, ceb, co, cs, cu, cv, da, de, eml, en, eo, et, fo, fr, frp, fur, fy, ga, gd, hr, ht, hu, hy, id, ie, ilo, io, is, ja, ka, ksh, ku, kw, la, lb, li, lij, ln, lt, lv, mi, mk, ml, ms, nap, nds, nds-nl, nn, no, oc, pms, rm, rmy, ro, roa-tara, ru-sib, sc, scn, sco, sh, simple, sk, sl, sq, sr, su, sv, te, th, tl, udm, uk, vec, vls, vo, wa, wo, wuu, zea, zh, zh-classical, zh-yue
* Details: Interwiki using Pywikipediabot. It mostly runs manually assisted. May run automatically in some cases.
Thank you!
--[[:it:User:Pipep]] ༡༧:༡༨, ༢༧ August ༢༠༠༧ (UTC)
:PipepBot has now bot status. Thank you! [[:it:User:Pipep]] ༡༤:༤༣, ༤ October ༢༠༠༧ (UTC)

== [[User:BotMultichill|BotMultichill]] ==
Hi, i request a bot bit for [[User:BotMultichill|BotMultichill]].
* Botmaster : [[User:Multichill|Multichill]]
* Bot's name : [[User:BotMultichill|BotMultichill]]
* List of botflags on others wikipedias: about 100+ atm (see [[meta:User:Multichill]] for the current list)
* Purpose: Interwiki (pywikipedia)
* Technical details : [[User:BotMultichill|BotMultichill]] is an interwiki bot starting at the [[:nl:Gebruiker:BotMultichill|Dutch wikipedia]]. The bot uses the pywikipedia framework and runs day and night in autonomous mode. Sometimes the bot will run in manual assisted mode to solve interwiki conflicts. [[User:Multichill|Multichill]] ༠༨:༣༩, ༥ September ༢༠༠༧ (UTC)

: Already done. —&lt;small&gt;[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] ༠༦:༥༧:༡༤, ༠༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༠༩ (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

==Betawiki: better support for your language in MediaWiki ==
Dear community. I am writing to you to promote a special wiki called [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki Betawiki]. This wiki facilitates the localisation (l10n) of the MediaWiki interface. You may have changed many messages here on this wiki to use your language, but if you would log in to for example the English language Wiktionary, you would not be able to use the interface as well translated as here. Infact, of the 1793 messages in the core of MediaWiki, 0 messages have been translated. Betawiki also supports the translation of messages of almost 80 extensions, with 984 messages.

If you wish to contribute to better support of your language in MediaWiki, as well as for many MediaWiki extensions, please visit [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/Translating:Intro Betawiki], [http://nike.users.idler.fi/dev/?title=Special:Userlogin&amp;type=signup&amp;uselang=en create an account] and [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/Betawiki:Rights request translator priviledges]. You can see the current status of localisation of your language on [[meta:Localization_statistics|meta]] and do not forget to get in touch with others that may already be [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/Translating:Languages working on your language on Betawiki].

If you have any further questions, [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/User_talk:Siebrand please let me know on my talk page on Betawiki]. We will try and assist you as much as possible, for example by importing all messages from a local wiki for you to start with, if you so desire.

You can also find us on the Freenode [[w:Internet Relay Chat|IRC]] network in the channel #mediawiki-i18n where we would be happy to help you get started.

Thank you very much for your attention and I do hope to see some of you on [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/Etusivu Betawiki] soon! Cheers! [http://nike.users.idler.fi/betawiki/User:Siebrand Siebrand@Betawiki] ༠༩:༣༤, ༢༤ September ༢༠༠༧ (UTC)

== [[User:AlleborgoBot|AlleborgoBot]] ==
Hi, i request a bot flag for [[User:AlleborgoBot|AlleborgoBot]]
*'''Operator''': [[:it:Utente:Alleborgo|Alleborgo]]
*'''Automatic or Manually Assisted''': Automatic, in &quot;-autonomous&quot; mode. Sometimes the bot will run in manual assisted mode to solve interwiki conflicts.
*'''Programming Language(s)''': Pywikipedia framework daily updated to the last SVN version
*'''Function Summary''': interwiki
*'''Already has a bot flag in''': ar, am, an, ast, az, bar, bat-smg, bg, br, bn, bpy, bs, ca, ceb, cs, cv, da, de, el, en, eo, es, et, eu, fa, fi, fiu-vro, fr, frp, fy, ga, gl, he, hr, hsb, ht, hu, hy, id, is, it, iu, ja, jv, ka, kk, ksh, ku, lb, li, lmo, ln, lt, lv, mk, mi, ml, mr, ms, mt, nap, nds, nds-nl, nl, nn, no, pl, pms, ps, pt, ro, roa-tara, ru, sco, sh, sk, simple, sl, sq, sr, su, sv, ta, tg, th, to, tr, tt, uk, ur, vec, vi, vls, vo, zh, zh-classical, zh-min-nan, zh-yue. On it.wiki has done more than 65000 edit.
Thanks  --[[User:AlleborgoBot|AlleborgoBot]] ༡༥:༡༩, ༢ November ༢༠༠༧ (UTC)

: Already done. —&lt;small&gt;[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] ༠༦:༥༧:༡༤, ༠༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༠༩ (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

== Bot Flag Request for [[User:Purbo_T|Purbo_T]] ==
Hi, I'd like to request a bot flag for [[User:Purbo_T|Purbo_T]] &lt;small&gt;([[:Special:Contributions/Purbo T|contrib]])&lt;/small&gt;
*'''Operator''': [[:User:Purodha]] = [[:ksh:User:Purodha]] (b'crat @ [[:ksh:|ksh]])
*'''Function''': interwiki
*'''Operation''':  manually-assisted, occasionally in automatic or autonomous mode, starting mostly from the [[:ksh:|Wikipedia of Ripuarian languages]]
*'''Software:''' [[:meta:pywikipedia|pywikipediabot]] framework updated daily from [http://svn.wikimedia.org/svnroot/pywikipedia/trunk/pywikipedia/ svn] to latest version
*'''Already has bot flag on:''' [[:am:|am]], [[:ar:|ar]], [[:be-x-old:|be-x-old]], [[:bn:|bn]], [[:cdo:|cdo]], [[:co:|co]], [[:dsb:|dsb]], [[:hr:|hr]], [[:hsb:|hsb]], [[:ig:|ig]], [[:ksh:|ksh]],  [[:ku:|ku]], [[:ml:|ml]], [[:mr:|mr]], [[:nds:|nds]], [[:simple:|simple]], [[:sv:|sv]], [[:tg:|tg]], [[:vo:|vo]], more pending, [http://tools.wikimedia.de/~purodha/sample/dbswithuser.php?usr=Purbo_T recent&amp;nbsp;data]
Thank you! --[[User:Purodha|Purodha Blissenbach]] ༢༠:༣༥, ༢༤ January ༢༠༠༨ (UTC)

: Already done. —&lt;small&gt;[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] ༠༦:༥༧:༡༤, ༠༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༠༩ (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

== Request bot flag for [[User:Alexbot|Alexbot]] ==
I request the bot flag for Alexbot:
:'''Operator''':[[:zh:User:Alexsh]]
:'''Programming Language''':Pywikipedia SVN
:'''Functions''':Interwiki(+autonomous), double redirect fix.
:'''Other languages''':[[:zh:User:Alexbot|All statistics in here]]
Thank you--[[User:Alexsh|Alexsh]] ༡༠:༥༡, ༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༠༨ (UTC)

: Not done, now has global bot access on this wiki. —&lt;small&gt;[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] ༠༦:༥༧:༡༤, ༠༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༠༩ (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

== Request bot flag for [[User:Ptbotgourou|Ptbotgourou]] ==
I request the bot flag for Ptbotgourou:
:'''Operator''':[[:fr:User:Gdgourou]]
:'''Programming Language''':Pywikipedia SVN
:'''Functions''':Interwiki(+autonomous), double redirect fix.
:'''Other languages''':[http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=Ptbotgourou 65 wikis] + Global bots (70 more)
Thank you --[[User:Gdgourou|Gdgourou]] ༠༨:༣༨, ༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༠༨ (UTC)

: Not done, now has global bot access on this wiki. —&lt;small&gt;[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] ༠༦:༥༧:༡༤, ༠༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༠༩ (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

== [[User:Synthebot|Synthebot]] ==
Dear all, this is to request a bot flag for [[User:Synthebot|Synthebot]]. Its technical information is summarized below.
*'''Operator''': [[:en:User:Julian Mendez|Julian Mendez]]
*'''Automatic or Manually Assisted''': mostly automatic in autonomous mode; sometimes manually assisted to solve interwiki conflicts
*'''Programming Language(s)''': [[:m:Using the python wikipediabot|pywikipedia]] ([http://svn.wikimedia.org/svnroot/pywikipedia/trunk/pywikipedia source code])
*'''Function Summary''': interwiki links
*'''Already has a bot flag on''': [{{fullurl:meta:Special:GlobalUsers|group=Global_bot&amp;username=Synthebot&amp;limit=1}} global bot] running on more than [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=Synthebot 200 wikipedias].
Further technical information is available on its [[:ia:User:Synthebot|main page]]. Thank you in advance. Regards, --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ༡༨:༠༢, ༡༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༠༨ (UTC)

: Not done, now has global bot access on this wiki. —&lt;small&gt;[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] ༠༦:༥༧:༡༤, ༠༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༠༩ (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

==Bot policy==
Hello. To facilitate [[m:steward|steward]] granting of bot access, I suggest implementing the [[m:Bot policy|standard bot policy]] on this wiki. In particular, this policy allows stewards to automatically flag known interlanguage linking bots (if this page says that is acceptable), which form the vast majority of such requests. The policy also enables [[m:Bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] on this wiki (if this page says that is acceptable), which are trusted bots that will be given bot access on every wiki that allows global bots.

This policy makes bot access requesting much easier for local users, operators, and stewards. To implement it we only need to create a redirect to this page from [[Project:Bot policy]], and add a line at the top noting that it is used here. Please read the text at [[m:Bot policy]] before commenting. If you object, please say so; I hope to implement in one week if there is no objection, since it is particularly written to streamline bot requests on wikis with little or no community interested in bot access requests. --[[User:Luckas Blade|Luckas Blade]] ༡༥:༤༤, ༢༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༠༩ (UTC)

: Implemented. —&lt;small&gt;[[m:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]] ༠༦:༥༤:༤༠, ༠༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༠༩ (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

== Localized logo ==
Hello!

The Wikimedia Foundation recently &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://blog.wikimedia.org/2010/wikipedia-in-3d/ updated]&lt;/span&gt; the official Wikipedia globe.  We realize that a lot of projects have never had a localized logo in their native language, so we are making sure that we create logos for every Wikipedia project that we have.  The only issue is:  we can't figure out what should be on your localized logo. &lt;tt&gt;:-)&lt;/tt&gt;

Could you please provide a translation for the following?
* Wikipedia
* The Free Encyclopedia 

Please put the translation on my [[m:User talk:Cbrown1023|Meta talk page]].  Thank you! '''[[User:Cbrown1023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;Cbrown1023&lt;/span&gt;]]''' '''&lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Cbrown1023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;གྲོས་བསྡུར།&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/small&gt;''' ༠༠:༤༨, ༢༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༠ (UTC)

==Wikimania Scholarships==
The call for applications for Wikimania Scholarships to attend Wikimania 2010 in Gdansk, Poland (July 9-11) is now open. The Wikimedia Foundation offers Scholarships to pay for selected individuals' round trip travel, accommodations, and registration at the conference.
To apply, visit the [[wm2010:Main Page|Wikimania 2010]] [[wm2010:Scholarships|scholarships information page]], click the secure link available there, and fill out the form to apply.
For additional information, please visit the Scholarships information and FAQ pages:
* [[wm2010:Scholarships|Scholarships]]
* [[wm2010:Scholarships/FAQ|Scholarships FAQ]]
Yours very truly,
[[m:User:Cary Bass|Cary Bass]]&lt;/br&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator&lt;/br&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation

== [[User:タチコマ robot|タチコマ robot]] ==
Hi, I'd like to request a bot flag for タチコマ robot:
*'''Operator:''' [[:commons:User:White Cat]]
*'''Purpose:''' Interwiki, Double redirects, commons delinking
*'''Software:''' Pywikipedia, awb
*'''Bot with Flag:''' [[m:User:White Cat#bots|(full list)]]
*'''Details:''' autonomous and supervised.

::*If this is the wrong place for this request, please move it to the right location.

Thanks! --&lt;small&gt; [[User:White Cat|Cat]]&lt;/small&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[[User talk:White Cat|chi?]]&lt;/sup&gt; ༡༧:༤༥, ༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༠༨ (UTC)

==Fundraising and your wiki==

Greetings, please translate this message if you can.

[[m:Fundraising 2010|Fundraising 2010]] is preparing to start, and we want your project to be a part of the global movement to support free knowledge.  The Wikimedia Foundation is engaging with local communities that build the projects to play an active part in this year's fundraiser.  This year we will be working to best serve all the language communities by providing messages that are best suited for each location.

To do this, we need your help.  We are [[m:Fundraising_2010/Messages|testing messages]] and we want to be sure that our messages will work with your language.  If it does not and your community can come up with your own banner in the spirit of supporting free knowledge, we invite you to submit your proposals and be active in this process.  Wikimedia is for you, join us in supporting free knowledge in your local community!  [[User:Kpeterzell|Keegan, WMF Fundraiser 2010]] ༠༥:༡༤, ༡༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༠ (UTC)

==Beat Jimmy==
Please translate this message.

The Fundraising Committee is issuing all interested community members a challenge: [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010 we want you to beat Jimmy]. The appeal from Jimmy Wales and the corresponding banner have been tested head-to-head with other successful banners, and the results are clear: it's our best performing message... by a lot. This year we have a lofty fundraising goal; we need all of our banners to bring in donations like the Jimmy Appeal, but no one wants to keep the Jimmy banner up for two months.  We want to run donor quotes, and other wonderful ideas, but we have to have banners that work as well as or better than the Jimmy appeal.

We've just released the highlights from a [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010#Focus_Group donor focus group], and the results of our [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FR_Donor_survey_report.pdf donor survey]. With one month to the launch of the fundraiser, the messages we test must be driven by data from our tests and surveys - we can no longer rely on instinct alone. 

We've redesigned our fundraising meta pages with the Jimmy challenge; check out the survey results and propose/discuss banners that reflect these findings.  Add the banners you think will 'beat Jimmy' [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Messages/BeatJimmy here] to be tested Tuesday October 12 against Jimmy. [[User:Kpeterzell|Keegan, WMF Fundraiser 2010]] ༠༣:༠༩, ༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༠ (UTC)


[[Category:Wikipedia]]

[[eu:Wikipedia:WikiMediari buruz gaurkotasun-albisteak]]

== Call for image filter referendum ==

The Wikimedia Foundation, at the direction of the Board of Trustees, will be holding a vote to determine whether members of the community support the creation and usage of an opt-in personal image filter, which would allow readers to voluntarily screen particular types of images strictly for their own account.

Further details and educational materials will be available shortly.  The referendum is scheduled for 12-27 August, 2011, and will be conducted on servers hosted by a neutral third party.  Referendum details, officials, voting requirements, and supporting materials will be posted at [[Meta:Image filter referendum]] shortly.

Sorry for delivering you a message in English. Please help translate the pages on the referendum on Meta and join the [[mail:translators-l|translators mailing list]].

For the coordinating committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Philippe (WMF)|Philippe (WMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Cbrown1023|Cbrown1023]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:Risker|Risker]]&lt;/br&gt;
[[m:User:Mardetanha|Mardetanha]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:PeterSymonds|PeterSymonds]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:Robertmharris|Robert Harris]]
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0089 --&gt;

== [[User:HiW-Bot|HiW-Bot]] ==
* Bot                            : [[User:HiW-Bot|HiW-Bot]]
* Operator                       : [[:de:Benutzer:Hedwig in Washington|Hedwig in Washington]]
* Automatic or Manually Assisted : automatic
* Programming Language(s)        : Python (pywikipedia), daily update
* Function Summary               : Interwiki
* Already has a bot flag (Y/N)   : Yes, [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=HiW-Bot please see here]
* Function Details               : just using the standard interwiki.py

I humbly request bot status on this wiki in order to maintain Interwiki.
Thank you --[[User:Hedwig in Washington|Hedwig in Washington]] ༡༡:༤༤, ༢༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༡ (UTC)

== Terms of Use update ==

''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please help translate it.''
 
Hello,
 
The Wikimedia Foundation is discussing changes to its Terms of Use.  The discussion can be found at [[m:Talk:Terms of use|Talk:Terms of use]]. Everyone is invited to join in. Because the new version of [[m:Terms of use|Terms of use]] is not in final form, we are not able to present official translations of it. Volunteers are welcome to translate it, as German volunteers have done at [[:m:Terms of use/de]], but we ask that you note at the top that the translation is unofficial and may become outdated as the English version is changed. The translation request can be found at [[m:Translation requests/WMF/Terms of Use 2]] -- [[m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis, Community Liaison]] ༠༠:༤༠, ༢༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༡ (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0119 --&gt;

==2011 Fundraising Is Almost Here==
[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|left]] Hello Wikipedians, my name is Alex and I am working for the Wikimedia Foundation during the 2011 Fundraiser. This year's fundraiser is intended to be a collaborative and global effort; we recognize that messages which may  perform well in the United States don't necessarily translate well, or appeal to international audiences. &lt;br&gt;

I'm contacting you as I am currently looking for volunteers who are willing to contribute to this project by helping [[m:Fundraising_2011/Translation|translate]] and [[m:Fundraising_2011/Local_testing|localize messages]] into your local language, suggesting [[m:Fundraising_2011/communityappeal|community appeals]] for us to use,  and to provide us with feedback on the [[m:Fundraising_2011|Fundraising Meta Page]]. We've started the setup on [[m:Fundraising_2011|meta]] for both [[m:Fundraising_2011/Translation|translation]], [[m:Fundraising_2011/Tech_stats_and_resources|statistical analysis]], and [[m:Fundraising_2011/Local_testing|local discussion and testing]]. We actively encourage focusing discussion on meta so we can all work together. &lt;br&gt;Use the talk pages on meta, talk to your local communities, talk to others, talk to us.  Engagement is what we strive for, without each other we would never had made Wikimedia succeed. The staff working on this fundraiser is comprised of long-time Wikimedians with as much care and concern for the success of this drive as the volunteers, and we want you to actively participate and have a voice. Everyone is welcome to contact any of us on staff at any time with a timely response to follow.  I look forward to working with you during this year's fundraiser.

If someone could translate this message I would really appreciate it so that everyone is able to understand our goals and contribute to this year's campaign.&lt;br&gt;[[User:Azariv|Azariv]] ༢༣:༣༢, ༣༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༡ (UTC)

== Open Call for 2012 Wikimedia Fellowship Applicants ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please
help translate it.''
*Do you want to help attract new contributors to Wikimedia projects?
*Do you want to improve retention of our existing editors?
*Do you want to strengthen our community by diversifying its base and increasing the overall number of excellent participants around the world?
The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking Community Fellows and project ideas for the Community Fellowship Program. A Fellowship is a temporary position at the Wikimedia Foundation in order to work on a specific project or set of projects. Submissions for 2012 are encouraged to focus on the theme of improving editor retention and increasing participation in Wikimedia projects. If interested, please submit a project idea or apply to be a fellow by January 15, 2012. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Fellowships for more information.

Thanks!

--[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Community Fellowships,
Wikimedia Foundation]] ༡༢:༥༥, ༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༡ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0139 --&gt;

== Announcing Wikipedia 1.19 beta ==

Wikimedia Foundation is getting ready to push out 1.19 to all the WMF-hosted wikis.  As we finish wrapping up our code review, you can test the new version ''right now'' on [http://beta.wmflabs.org/ beta.wmflabs.org].  For more information, please read the [https://svn.wikimedia.org/viewvc/mediawiki/trunk/phase3/RELEASE-NOTES-1.19?view=markup release notes] or the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.19|start of the final announcement]].

The following are the areas that you will probably be most interested in:
* [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=33711#c2 Faster loading of javascript files makes dependency tracking more important.]
* New common*.css files usable by skins instead of having to copy piles of generic styles from MonoBook or Vector's css.
* The default user signature now contains a talk link in addition to the user link.
* Searching blocked usernames in block log is now clearer.
* Better timezone recognition in user preferences.
* Improved diff readability for colorblind people.
* The interwiki links table can now be accessed also when the interwiki cache is used (used in the API and the Interwiki extension).
* More gender support (for instance in logs and user lists).
* Language converter improved, e.g. it now works depending on the page content language.
* Time and number-formatting magic words also now depend on the page content language.
* Bidirectional support further improved after 1.18.

Report any [http://labs.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Problem_reports problems] on the labs beta wiki and we'll work to address them before they software is released to the production wikis.

'''Note''' that this cluster does have SUL but it is not integrated with SUL in production, so you'll need to create another account.  You should avoid using the same password as you use here.  — [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] ༠༠:༠༤, ༡༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༡༢ (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0145 --&gt;

== MediaWiki 1.19 ==

(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to upgrade MediaWiki (the software powering this wiki) to its latest version this month. You can help to test it before it is enabled, to avoid disruption and breakage. More information is available [[:mw:MediaWiki 1.19/Deployment announcement|in the full announcement]]. Thank you for your understanding.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;. ༡༤:༥༦, ༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༢ (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0154 --&gt;

== Update on IPv6 ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it, as well as '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement on Meta]]''') 

The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to do limited testing of IPv6 on June 2-3. If there are not too many problems, we may fully enable IPv6 on [http://www.worldipv6day.org/ World IPv6 day] (June 6), and keep it enabled.

What this means for your project:

*At least on June 2-3, 2012, you may see a small number of edits from IPv6 addresses, which are in the form &quot;&lt;code&gt;2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. See e.g. [[w:en:IPv6 address]]. These addresses should behave like any other IP address: You can leave messages on their talk pages; you can track their contributions; you can block them. (See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] for notes on range blocks.)

*In the mid term, some user scripts and tools will need to be adapted for IPv6. 

*We suspect that IPv6 usage is going to be very low initially, meaning that abuse should be manageable, and we will assist in the monitoring of the situation.

Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] on how to test the behavior of IPv6 with various tools and how to leave bug reports, and to find a fuller analysis of the implications of the IPv6 migration.

--[[m:User:Eloquence|Erik Möller, VP of Engineering and Product Development, Wikimedia Foundation]] ༠༠:༥༢, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༡༢ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0201 --&gt;

== 2011 Picture of the Year competition ==

&lt;small&gt;[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/mk|{{#language:mk}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/no|{{#language:no}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/pl|{{#language:pl}}]]&lt;/small&gt; 

Dear Wikimedians,

Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the ''2011 Picture of the Year competition'' is now open. We are interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the ''Picture of the Year 2011''. Any user registered at Commons or a Wikimedia wiki SUL-related to Commons [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&amp;wiki=&amp;event=24 with more than 75 edits before 1 April 2012 (UTC)] is welcome to vote and, of course everyone is welcome to view!

Detailed information about the contest can be found [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Introduction|at the introductory page]].

About 600 of the best of Wikimedia Common's photos, animations, movies and graphics were chosen &amp;ndash;by the international Wikimedia Commons community&amp;ndash; out of 12 million files during ''2011'' and are now called ''Featured Pictures''.

From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons ''Features Pictures'' of all flavors.  

For your convenience, we have sorted the images [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Galleries|into topic categories]]. 

We regret that you receive this message in English; we intended to use banners to notify you in your native language but there was both, human and technical resistance.

See you on Commons!
--[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Committee|Picture of the Year 2011 Committee]] ༡༨:༡༢, ༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༡༢ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0205 --&gt;

== Help decide about more than $10 million of Wikimedia donations in the coming year ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)''

Hi,

As many of you are aware, the Wikimedia Board of Trustees recently initiated important changes in the way that money is being distributed within the Wikimedia movement. As part of this, a new community-led &quot;[[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC|Funds Dissemination Committee]]&quot; (FDC) is currently being set up. Already in 2012-13, its recommendations will guide the decisions about the distribution of over 10 million US dollars among the Foundation, chapters and other [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#Eligible_fund-seeking_entities|eligible entities]].

Now, seven capable, knowledgeable and trustworthy community members are sought to volunteer on the initial Funds Dissemination Committee. It is expected to take up its work in September. In addition, a community member is sought to be the [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#FDC_Ombudsperson|Ombudsperson]] for the FDC process. If you are interested in joining the committee, read the [[m:Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for Volunteers|call for volunteers]]. Nominations are planned to close on August 15.

--[[m:User:ASengupta_(WMF)|Anasuya Sengupta]], Director of Global Learning and Grantmaking, Wikimedia Foundation ༡༩:༥༩, ༡༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༢ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0223 --&gt;

== More opportunities for you to access free research databases ==

The quest to get editors free access to the sources they need is gaining momentum.
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo|Credo Reference]]''' provides full-text online versions of nearly 1200 published reference works from more than 70 publishers in every major subject, including general and subject dictionaries and encyclopedias.  There are '''125''' full Credo 350 accounts available, with access even to 100 more references works than in Credo's original donation.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo#Sign-up sheet|here]].
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|HighBeam Research]]''' has access to over 80 million articles from 6,500 publications including newspapers, magazines, academic journals, newswires, trade magazines and encyclopedias.  Thousands of new articles are added daily, and archives date back over 25 years covering a wide range of subjects and industries.  There are '''250''' full access 1-year accounts available.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam/Applications|here]].
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia|Questia]]'''  is an online research library for books and journal articles focusing on the humanities and social sciences. Questia has curated titles from over 300 trusted publishers including 77,000 full-text books and 4 million journal, magazine, and newspaper articles, as well as encyclopedia entries.  There will soon be '''1000''' full access 1-year accounts available.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia#Apply here: Round 1|here]].
You might also be interested in the idea to create a central '''Wikipedia Library''' where approved editors would have access to ''all'' participating resource donors.  Add your feedback to the [[m:Wikimedia Fellowships/Project Ideas/The Wikipedia Library|Community Fellowship proposal]].  Apologies for the English message ([http://translate.google.com/ translate here]).  Go sign up :)  --[[w:en:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] ([[w:en:User talk:Ocaasi|talk]]) ༠༢:༡༣, ༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༢ (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0232 --&gt;

== Request for Comment: Legal Fees Assistance Program ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize for addressing you in English. I would be grateful if you could translate this message into your language.''

The Wikimedia Foundation is conducting a [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|request for comment]] on a [[:m:Legal_and_Community_Advocacy/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|proposed program]] that could provide legal assistance to users in specific support roles who are named in a legal complaint as a defendant because of those roles. We wanted to be sure that your community was aware of this discussion and would have a chance to participate in [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|that discussion]]. 

If this page is not the best place to publicize this request for comment, please help spread the word to those who may be interested in participating. (If you'd like to help translating the &quot;request for comment&quot;, program policy or other pages into your language and don't know how the translation system works, please come by my user talk page at [[:m:User talk:Mdennis (WMF)]]. I'll be happy to assist or to connect you with a volunteer who can assist.)
 
Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]]༠༡:༥༢, ༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༢ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0245 --&gt;

== Wikidata is getting close to a first roll-out ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) 

As some of you might already have heard Wikimedia Deutschland is working on a new Wikimedia project. It is called [[m:Wikidata]]. The goal of Wikidata is to become a central data repository for the Wikipedias, its sister projects and the world. In the future it will hold data like the number of inhabitants of a country, the date of birth of a famous person or the length of a river. These can then be used in all Wikimedia projects and outside of them.

The project is divided into three phases and &quot;we are getting close to roll-out the first phase&quot;. The phases are:
# language links in the Wikipedias (making it possible to store the links between the language editions of an article just once in Wikidata instead of in each linked article)
# infoboxes (making it possible to store the data that is currently in infoboxes in one central place and share the data)
# lists (making it possible to create lists and similar things based on queries to Wikidata so they update automatically when new data is added or modified)

It'd be great if you could join us, test the [http://wikidata-test.wikimedia.de demo version], provide feedback and take part in the development of Wikidata. You can find all the relevant information including an [[m:Wikidata/FAQ|FAQ]] and sign-up links for our on-wiki newsletter on [[m:Wikidata|the Wikidata page on Meta]]. 

For further discussions please use [[m:Talk:Wikidata|this talk page]] (if you are uncomfortable writing in English you can also write in your native language there) or point [[m:User_talk:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|me]] to the place where your discussion is happening so I can answer there.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] ༡༣:༡༤, ༡༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༢ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0248 --&gt;

== Upcoming software changes - please report any problems ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
&lt;div dir=ltr&gt;
''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)''

All Wikimedia wikis - including this one - will soon be upgraded with new and possibly disruptive code.  This process starts today and finishes on October 24 (see the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|upgrade schedule]] &amp; [[mw:MediaWiki 1.21/wmf2|code details]]).

Please watch for problems with:
* revision diffs
* templates
* CSS and JavaScript pages (like user scripts)
* bots
* PDF export
* images, video, and sound, especially scaling sizes
* the CologneBlue skin

If you notice any problems, please [[mw:How to report a bug|report problems]] at [[mw:Bugzilla|our defect tracker site]].  You can test for possible problems at [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org] and [https://mediawiki.org/ mediawiki.org], which have already been updated.

Thanks!  With your help we can find problems fast and get them fixed faster.

[[mw:User:Sharihareswara (WMF)|Sumana Harihareswara, Wikimedia Foundation Engineering Community Manager]] ([[mw:User talk:Sharihareswara (WMF)|talk]]) ༠༢:༤༩, ༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༢ (UTC)

P.S.: For the regular, smaller MediaWiki updates every two weeks, please [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|watch this schedule]].

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0278 --&gt;

== Fundraising localization: volunteers from outside the USA needed ==

''Please translate for your local community''

Hello All,

The Wikimedia Foundation's Fundraising team have begun our 'User Experience' project, with the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries outside the USA and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. I am searching for volunteers to spend 30 minutes on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. 

The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real-time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. ''All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed'' (and they will be low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)

By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. Please sing up and help us with our 'User Experience' project! :)
If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!

Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;
[[wmf:User:Ppena|Pats Pena]]&lt;br /&gt;
Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation

Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], ༡༦:༥༤, ༡༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༢ (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0280 --&gt;

== Be a Wikimedia fundraising &quot;User Experience&quot; volunteer! ==

Thank you to everyone who volunteered last year on the Wikimedia fundraising 'User Experience' project. We have talked to many different people in different countries and their feedback has helped us immensely in restructuring our pages. If you haven't heard of it yet, the 'User Experience' project has the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries (outside the USA) and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. 

I am (still) searching for volunteers to spend some time on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. 

The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. **All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed (and they will be very low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)**

By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!!

Thanks!

[[m:User:Ppena (WMF)|Pats Pena]]&lt;br/&gt;
Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation

: Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], ༢༠:༤༧, ༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 331 --&gt;

== Wikimedia sites to move to primary data center in Ashburn, Virginia. Read-only mode expected. ==

(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) Next week, the Wikimedia Foundation will transition its main technical operations to a new data center in Ashburn, Virginia, USA. This is intended to improve the technical performance and reliability of all Wikimedia sites, including this wiki. There will be some times when the site will be in read-only mode, and there may be full outages; the current target windows for the migration are January 22nd, 23rd and 24th, 2013, from 17:00 to 01:00 UTC (see [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=Wikimedia+data+center+migration&amp;iso=20130122T17&amp;ah=8 other timezones] on timeanddate.com). More information is available [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/01/19/wikimedia-sites-move-to-primary-data-center-in-ashburn-virginia/ in the full announcement].

If you would like to stay informed of future technical upgrades, consider [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|becoming a Tech ambassador]] and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors joining the ambassadors mailing list]. You will be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions.

Thank you for your help and your understanding.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;. ༡༥:༡༡, ༡༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0338 --&gt;

== Help turn ideas into grants in the new IdeaLab ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.''

*Do you have an idea for a project to improve this community or website?
*Do you think you could complete your idea if only you had some funding?
*Do you want to help other people turn their ideas into project plans or grant proposals?

Please join us in the [[m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]], an incubator for project ideas and Individual Engagement Grant proposals.

The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking new ideas and proposals for Individual Engagement Grants. These grants fund individuals or small groups to complete projects that help improve this community. If interested, please submit a completed proposal by February 15, 2013. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:IEG for more information.

Thanks!  --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] ༢༠:༡༧, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0344 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 1 (language links) coming to this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally.

[[d:|Wikidata]] has been in development for a few months now. It is now time for the roll-out of the first part of it on your Wikipedia. Phase 1 is the support for the management of language links. It is already being used on the Hungarian, Hebrew, Italian and English Wikipedias. The next step is to enable the extension on all other Wikipedias. We have currently planned this for March 6.

=== What is Wikidata? ===
Wikidata is a central place to store data that you can usually find in infoboxes. Think of it as something like Wikimedia Commons but for data (like the number of inhabitants of a country or the length of a river) instead of multimedia. The first part of this project (centralizing language links) is being rolled out now. The more fancy things will follow later.

=== What is going to happen? ===
Language links in the sidebar are going to come from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article.

=== Where can I find more information and ask questions? ===
Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

=== I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata ===
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. You can see previous editions [[meta:Wikidata/Newsletter/Archive|here]].

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] ༡༦:༠༤, ༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0366 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 1 (language links) live on this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

As I annonced 2 weeks ago, [[d:|Wikidata]] phase 1 (language links) has been deployed here today. Language links in the sidebar are coming from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article.

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. It'd be great if you could bring this to this wiki if that has not already happened. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] ༢༢:༥༥, ༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0373 --&gt;

== Convert complex templates to Lua to make them faster and more powerful ==

&lt;small&gt;(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians)&lt;/small&gt;

Greetings. As you might have seen on the [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/03/11/lua-templates-faster-more-flexible-pages/ Wikimedia tech blog] or the [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-March/000171.html tech ambassadors list], a new functionality called &quot;Lua&quot; is being enabled on all Wikimedia sites today. [[mw:Lua|Lua]] is a scripting language that enables you to write faster and more powerful MediaWiki templates.

If you have questions about how to convert existing templates to Lua (or how to create new ones), we'll be holding two support sessions on IRC next week: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=02&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=20&amp;month=03&amp;year=2013 one on Wednesday] (for Oceania, Asia &amp; America) and [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=22&amp;month=03&amp;year=2013 one on Friday] (for Europe, Africa &amp; America); see [[m:IRC office hours]] for the details. If you can't make it, you can also get help at [[mw:Talk:Lua scripting]].

If you'd like to learn about this kind of events earlier in advance, consider becoming a [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|Tech ambassador]] by subscribing to the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors mailing list]. You will also be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]]. ༡༩:༠༩, ༡༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC) &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0379 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) coming to this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. It is soon time to enable the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) and things are looking good. The next step is English Wikipedia. This is planned for April 8. '''If everything works out fine we will deploy on all remaining Wikipedias on April 10.''' I will update [[m:Wikidata/Deployment Questions#When_will_this_be_deployed_on_my_Wikipedia.3F|this part of the FAQ]] if there are any issues forcing us to change this date. I will also sent another note to this village pump once the deployment is finished.

'''What will happen once we have phase 2 enabled here?'''
Once it is enabled in a few days you will be able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!)

'''How will this work?'''
There are two ways to access the data:
* Use a parser function like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p169}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki text of the article on Yahoo!. This will return “[[d:Q14086|Marissa Mayer]]” as she is the [[d:Property:P169|chief executive officer]] of the [[d:Q37093|company]].
* For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]].

We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:chief executive officer}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; instead of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p169}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]].

'''Where can I test this?'''
You can already test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2].

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] ༡༦:༥༠, ༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0399 --&gt;

== Updating the logo for this wiki ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}.svg|thumb|New logo]]

Hello! As part of the update of Wikipedias logos to the new (2010) 3D puzzle globe version, we have noticed that your wiki's current logo is missing, outdated or with wrong translation. We are trying to help Wikipedias get a locally-adapted correct logo, by taking the technical difficulties on us, and in about a week from now we'll be replacing the current logo with the new one shown in [//commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nemo_bis/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=94314584 this gallery, with explanation].
If the translation is wrong, or there's another error in the new logo, or the community disagrees with the update, please [[m:User:Cbrown1023/Logos|update the list of logos]] or tell us on [[m:User talk:Cbrown1023/Logos|its talk page]].
Feel free to translate this message and to move/copy/forward it where appropriate. Thanks, [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] ༢༠:༥༠, ༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0415 --&gt;

== [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|Request for comment on inactive administrators]] ==

&lt;small&gt;(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians. Please also consider translating [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Summary|the proposal]].)&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;[[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|Read this message in English]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ast|Lleer esti mensaxe n'asturianu]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/bn|বাংলায় এই বার্তাটি পড়ুন]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ca|Llegiu aquest missatge en català]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/da|Læs denne besked på dansk]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/de|Lies diese Nachricht auf Deutsch]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/egl|Leś cal mesag' chè in Emiliàn]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/es|Leer este mensaje en español]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fi|Lue tämä viesti suomeksi]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fr|Lire ce message en français]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/gl|Ler esta mensaxe en galego]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hi|हिन्दी]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hr|Pročitajte ovu poruku na hrvatskom]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/id|Baca pesan ini dalam Bahasa Indonesia]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/it|Leggi questo messaggio in italiano]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/kn|ಈ ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಓದಿ]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/mt|Aqra dan il-messaġġ bil-Malti]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nb|norsk (bokmål)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nl|Lees dit bericht in het Nederlands]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/pl|Przeczytaj tę wiadomość po polsku]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ro|Citiți acest mesaj în română]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ru|Прочитать это сообщение на русском]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/so|Farriintaan ku aqri Af-Soomaali]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/sr|Pročitaj ovu poruku na srpskom (Прочитај ову поруку на српском)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/th|อ่านข้อความนี้ในภาษาไทย]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/uk|Прочитати це повідомлення українською мовою]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/vi|Đọc thông báo bằng tiếng Việt]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/zh|使用中文阅读本信息。]]&lt;/small&gt;

Hello!

There is [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|a new request for comment]] on Meta-Wiki concerning the removal of administrative rights from long-term inactive Wikimedians. Generally, this proposal from stewards would apply to wikis without an administrators' review process.

We are also compiling a [[m:Talk:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|list of projects]] with procedures for removing inactive administrators on the talk page of the request for comment. Feel free to add your project(s) to the list if you have a policy on administrator inactivity.

All input is appreciated. The discussion may close as soon as 21 May 2013 (2013-05-21), but this will be extended if needed.

Thanks, [[m:User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]] &lt;small&gt;(thanks to all the [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|translators]]!)&lt;/small&gt; ༠༤:༣༡, ༢༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0430 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) is here ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. We have now enabled the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) a month ago and [http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/04/22/and-that-makes-12/ two days ago on the English Wikipedia]. Today all the remaining Wikipedias followed.

'''What does having phase 2 enabled here mean?'''
You are now able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!) The current state is just the beginning though. It will be extended based on feedback we get from you now.

'''How will this work?'''
There are two ways to access the data:
* Use a parser function like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p159}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki text of the article on Wikimedia Foundation. This will return “[[d:Q62|San Francisco]]” as that is the [[d:Property:P159|headquarter location]] of the [[d:180|non-profit]].
* For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]].

We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:headquarter location}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; instead of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p159}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]].

'''Where can I test this?'''
You can test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2] if you don't want to do it in an article here.

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.


We are excited about taking yet another step towards allowing all Wikipedias share structured data and collect and curate it together.
--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] ༡༩:༠༥, ༢༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0431 --&gt;

== [en] Change to wiki account system and account renaming ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Some accounts will soon be renamed due to a technical change that the developer team at Wikimedia are making. [[m:Single User Login finalisation announcement|More details on Meta]].

&lt;small&gt;(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] ༠༣:༢༩, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0437 --&gt;

== [en] Change to section edit links ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The default position of the &quot;edit&quot; link in page section headers is going to change soon. The &quot;edit&quot; link will be positioned adjacent to the page header text rather than floating opposite it.

Section edit links will be to the immediate right of section titles, instead of on the far right. If you're an editor of one of the wikis which already implemented this change, nothing will substantially change for you; however, scripts and gadgets depending on the previous implementation of section edit links will have to be adjusted to continue working; however, nothing else should break even if they are not updated in time.

[[m:Change to section edit links|Detailed information and a timeline]] is available on meta.

Ideas to do this all the way to 2009 at least. It is often difficult to track which of several potential section edit links on the far right is associated with the correct section, and many readers and anonymous or new editors may even be failing to notice section edit links at all, since they read section titles, which are far away from the links.

&lt;small&gt;(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] ༡༨:༡༩, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0438 --&gt;

== Tech newsletter: Subscribe to receive the next editions ==

&lt;div style=&quot;width:auto; padding: 1em; background:#fdf6e3;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; &gt;&lt;big&gt;Latest '''[[m:Tech/News|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#268bd2;&quot;&gt;Tech news&lt;/span&gt;]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community.&lt;/big&gt; ''Please inform other users about these changes.''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:auto; padding: 1em; border: 2px solid #fdf6e3;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; &gt;
;Recent software changes: ''(Not all changes will affect you.)''

* The latest version of MediaWiki (version [[mw:MediaWiki 1.22/wmf4|1.22/wmf4]]) was added to non-Wikipedia wikis on May 13, and to the English Wikipedia (with a Wikidata software update) on May 20. It will be updated on all other Wikipedia sites on May 22. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=ed976cf0c14fa3632fd10d9300bb646bfd6fe751;hp=c6c7bb1e5caaddf7325de9eef0e7bf85bcf5cc35] [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* A software update will perhaps result in temporary issues with images. Please [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|report any problems]] you notice. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* MediaWiki recognizes links in twelve new [[:w:en:URI scheme|schemes]]. Users can now link to [[:w:en:SSH|SSH]], [[:w:en:XMPP|XMPP]] and [[:w:en:Bitcoin|Bitcoin]] directly from wikicode. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=mediawiki/core.git;a=commitdiff;h=a89d623302b5027dbb2d06941a22372948757685]
* VisualEditor was added to [[bugzilla:48430|all content namespaces]] on mediawiki.org on May 20. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* A new extension (&quot;TemplateData&quot;) was added to all Wikipedia sites on May 20. It will allow a future version of VisualEditor to [[bugzilla:44444|edit templates]]. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* New sites: [[:voy:el:|Greek Wikivoyage]] and [[:wikt:vec:|Venetian Wiktionary]] joined the Wikimedia family last week; the total number of project wikis is now 794. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=5d7536b403730bb502580e21243f923c3b79da0e] [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=43c9eebdfc976333be5c890439ba1fae3bef46f7]
* The logo of 18 Wikipedias was changed to [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_logos#The_May_2010_logo|version 2.0]] in a [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2013-May/125999.html third group of updates]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=4688adbe467440eea318eecf04839fdd9ffa0565] 
* The [[:commons:Special:UploadWizard|UploadWizard]] on Commons now shows links to the old upload form in 55 languages ([[:bugzilla:33513|bug 33513]]). [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=4197fa18a22660296d0e5b84820d5ebb4cef46d4]

;Future software changes:
* The next version of MediaWiki (version 1.22/wmf5) will be added to Wikimedia sites starting on May 27. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* An updated version of [[mw:Echo (Notifications)|Notifications]], with new features and fewer bugs, will be added to the English Wikipedia on May 23. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Single User Login finalisation announcement|final version]] of the &quot;single user login&quot; (which allows people to use the same username on different Wikimedia wikis) is moved to August 2013. The software will [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-April/000217.html automatically rename] some usernames. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000233.html]
* A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flow|new discussion system]] for MediaWiki, called &quot;Flow&quot;, is under development. Wikimedia designers need your help to inform other users, [http://unicorn.wmflabs.org/flow/ test the prototype] and discuss the interface. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069433.html].
* The Wikimedia Foundation is hiring people to act as links between software developers and users for VisualEditor. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000245.html]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%; font-style:italic; background:#fdf6e3; padding:1em;&quot;&gt;'''[[m:Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] • [[m:Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Unsubscribe]] • ༢༠:༢༧, ༢༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; background:#eee8d5; border: .2em solid #dc322f; border-left: .7em solid #dc322f; padding: 1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#dc322f;font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Important note:&lt;/span&gt; This is the first edition of the [[m:Tech/News|Tech News]] weekly summaries, which help you monitor recent software changes likely to impact you and your fellow Wikimedians.

'''If you want to continue to receive the next issues every week''', please '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe to the newsletter]]'''. You can  subscribe your personal talk page and a community page like this one. The newsletter can be [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|translated into your language]].

You can also [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|become a tech ambassador]], [[m:Tech/News|help us write the next newsletter]] and [[m:Talk:Tech/News|tell us what to improve]]. Your feedback is greatly appreciated. [[m:user:guillom|guillom]] ༢༠:༢༧, ༢༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0455 --&gt;

== Trademark discussion ==

Hi, apologies for posting this in English, but I wanted to alert your community to a discussion on Meta about potential changes to the Wikimedia Trademark Policy. Please translate this statement if you can. We hope that you will all participate in the discussion; we also welcome translations of the legal team’s statement into as many languages as possible and encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please see the [[:m:Trademark practices discussion|Trademark practices discussion (on Meta-Wiki)]] for more information. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis_(WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Mdennis_(WMF)|talk]])
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0473 --&gt;

== Free Research Accounts from Leading Medical Publisher.  Come and Sign up! ==

[[:EN:W:TWL|The Wikipedia Library]] gets Wikipedia editors free access to reliable sources that are behind paywalls.  I want to alert you to our latest donation.
*'''[[Cochrane Collaboration]]''' is an independent medical nonprofit organization that conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions, which it then publishes in the Cochrane Library.
*Cochrane has generously agreed to give ''free, full-access accounts to medical editors''.  Individual access would otherwise cost between $300 and $800 per account.
*'''If you are active as a medical editor, come and [[WP:COCHRANE|sign up :)]]'''
Cheers, [[:EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] ༢༡:༠༡, ༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0487 --&gt;

== Cochrane Library Sign-up (correct link) ==

My apologies for the incorrect link:  You can sign up for '''[[:EN:W:Cochrane Collaboration|Cochrane Collaboration]]''' accounts at the [[:EN:W:WP:COCHRANE|COCHRANE sign-up page]]'''. Cheers, [[:EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] ༢༡:༣༦, ༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0488 --&gt;

== [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|X!'s Edit Counter]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;(Sorry for writing in English. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests_for_comment/X!%27s_Edit_Counter/Summary|translate the proposal]].)&lt;/small&gt;

Should [[tools:~tparis/pcount|X!'s edit counter]] retain the opt-in requirement? Your input is strongly encouraged. [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|Voice your input here]].—[[:m:w:User:Cyberpower678|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;font-family:Neuropol&quot;&gt;cyberpower]] [[:m:w:User talk:Cyberpower678|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:purple;font-family:arnprior&quot;&gt;Chat]]&lt;sub style=&quot;margin-left:-4.4ex;color:purple;font-family:arnprior&quot;&gt;Automation&lt;/sub&gt; ༠༤:༢༠, ༢༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0505 --&gt;

== Universal Language Selector will be enabled on 2013-07-09 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
On July 9, 2013, [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) will be enabled on this wiki. The ULS provides a flexible way to configure and deliver language settings like interface language, fonts, and input methods (keyboard mappings). Making it available here is the last phase of making ULS available on all Wikimedia wikis.

Please read the announcement on [[m:Announcement Universal Language Selector|Meta-Wiki]] for more information. [[m:User_talk:Siebrand|Siebrand]] ༡༢:༢༠, ༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0515 --&gt;

== Pywikipedia is migrating to git ==

Hello, Sorry for English but It's very important for bot operators so I hope someone translates this.
[[mw:PWB|Pywikipedia]] is migrating to Git so after July 26, SVN checkouts won't be updated If you're using Pywikipedia you have to switch to git, otherwise you will use out-dated framework and your bot might not work properly. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit|manual]] for doing that and a [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/07/23/pywikipediabot-moving-to-git-on-july-26/ blog post] explaining about this change in non-technical language. If you have question feel free to ask in [[mw:Manual talk:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit]], [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/pywikipedia-l mailing list], or in the [irc://irc.freenode.net/#pywikipediabot IRC channel]. Best [[mw:User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).&lt;/small&gt; ༡༣:༠༥, ༢༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0534 --&gt;

== VisualEditor and your Wikipedia ==

''(Please translate this message)''

Greetings,

The Wikimedia Foundation will soon turn on [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] for all users, all the time on your Wikipedia. Right now your Wikipedia does not have any local documents on VisualEditor, and we hope that your community can change that. To find out about how you can help with translations visit the [[mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|TranslationCentral for VisualEditor]] and read the easy instructions on [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal/Localization|bringing information to your Wikipedia]]. The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|User Guide]] and the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ|FAQ]] are very important to have in your language.
 
We want to find out as much as we can from you about VisualEditor and how it helps your Wikipedia, and having local pages is a great way to start. We also encourage you to [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|leave feedback on Mediawiki]] where the community can offer ideas, opinions, and point out bugs that may still exist in the software that need to be reported to [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/describecomponents.cgi?product=VisualEditor Bugzilla]. 
If you are able to speak for the concerns of others in English on MediaWiki or locally I encourage you to help your community to be represented in this process.

If you can help translate the user interface for VisualEditor to your language, you can help with that as well. [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc Translatewiki] has open tasks for translating VisualEditor. A direct link to translate the user interface is [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?filter=!translated&amp;action=translate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor here].  You can see how we are doing with those translations [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc here]. You need an account on Translatewiki to translate.  This account is free and easy to create.

If we can help your community in any way with this process, please let me know and I will do my best to assist your Wikipedia with this |exciting development. You can contact me on my [[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|meta talk page]] or by [[Special:EmailUser/Keegan (WMF)|email]].  You can also contact [[mw:User_talk:PEarley_(WMF)|Patrick Earley]] for help with translations and documents on Mediawiki.  We look forward to working with you to bring the VisualEditor experience to your Wikipedia! [[:m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ༡༩:༠༠, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0549 --&gt;

== HTTPS for users with an account ==

Greetings. Starting on August 21 (tomorrow), all users with an account will be using [[m:w:en:HTTPS|HTTPS]] to access Wikimedia sites. HTTPS brings better security and improves your privacy. More information is available at [[m:HTTPS]].

If HTTPS causes problems for you, tell us [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org on bugzilla], [[m:IRC|on IRC]] (in the &lt;code&gt;#wikimedia-operations&lt;/code&gt; channel) or [[m:Talk:HTTPS|on meta]]. If you can't use the other methods, you can also send an e-mail to &lt;code&gt;https@wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt;.

[[m:User:Greg (WMF)|Greg Grossmeier]] &lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)&lt;/small&gt;. ༡༨:༥༧, ༢༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0560 --&gt;

== [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Request for consultation on community logo]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|thumb|Request for consultation on this community logo]]

First, I’d like to apologize for the English. If you can, please help to translate this for other members of your community.

The legal team at the Wikimedia Foundation would greatly appreciate your input on the best way to manage the &quot;community logo&quot; (pictured here) to best balance protection of the projects with community support. Accordingly, they have created a “request for consultation” on Meta where they set out briefly some of the issues to be considered and the options that they perceive. [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Your input would be invaluable]] in helping guide them in how best to serve our mission.

Thank you! --[[m:User:Mdennis|Mdennis]] ([[m:User talk:Mdennis|talk]]) &lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)&lt;/small&gt;. ༠༢:༡༧, ༢༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0590 --&gt;

== [[mw:Echo|Notifications]] ==

[[File:Notifications-Flyout-Screenshot-08-10-2013-Cropped.png|thumb|300px|Notifications inform you of new activity that affects you -- and let you take quick action.]]
''(This message is in English, please translate as needed)''

Greetings!  

[[mw:Echo|Notifications]] will inform users about new activity that affects them on this wiki in a unified way: for example, this new tool will let you know when you have new talk page messages, edit reverts, mentions or links -- and is designed to augment (rather than replace) the watchlist. The Wikimedia Foundation's editor engagement team developed this tool (code-named 'Echo') earlier this year, to help users contribute more productively to MediaWiki projects. 

We're now getting ready to bring Notifications to almost all other Wikimedia sites, and are aiming for a 22 October deployment, as outlined in [[mw:Echo/Release_Plan_2013|this release plan]]. It is important that notifications is translated for all of the languages we serve.  

There are three major points of translation needed to be either done or checked:
*[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-echo#sortable:3=desc Echo on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate
*[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-thanks#sortable:3=desc Thanks on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate
*[[mw:Help:Notifications|Notifications help on mediawiki.org]].  This page can be hosted after translation on mediawiki.org or we can localize it to this Wikipedia.  You do not have to have an account to translate on mediawiki, but single-user login will create it for you there if you follow the link.
:*[[mw:Echo/Release Plan 2013#Checklist|Checklist]]

Please let us know if you have any questions, suggestions or comments about this new tool. For more information, visit [[mw:Echo_(Notifications)|this project hub]] and [[mw:Help:Notifications|this help page]]. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ༡༨:༢༥, ༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system) (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0597 --&gt;

== Speak up about the trademark registration of the Community logo. ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hi all, 

Please join the consultation about the Community logo that represents Meta-Wiki: [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation]].

This community consultation was commenced on September 24. The following day, two individuals filed a legal opposition against the registration of the Community logo.

The question is whether the Wikimedia Foundation should seek a collective membership mark with respect to this logo or abandon its registration and protection of the trademark. 

We want to make sure that everyone get a chance to speak up so that we can get clear direction from the community.  We would therefore really appreciate the community's help in translating this announcement from English so that everyone is able to understand it.

Thanks, 
[[m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]] &amp; [[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] ༡༩:༥༧, ༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0601 --&gt;

== Introducting Beta Features ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate if necessary)''

We would like to let you know about [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features]], a new program from the Wikimedia Foundation that lets you try out new features before they are released for everyone.

Think of it as a digital laboratory where community members can preview upcoming software and give feedback to help improve them. This special preference page lets designers and engineers experiment with new features on a broad scale, but in a way that's not disruptive.

Beta Features is now ready for testing on [[mw:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|MediaWiki.org]]. It will also be released on Wikimedia Commons and MetaWiki this Thursday, 7 November. Based on test results, the plan is to release it on all wikis worldwide on 21 November, 2013.

Here are the first features you can test this week:
* [[mw:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|Media Viewer]] — view images in large size or full screen
* [[mw:VisualEditor/Beta_Features/Formulae|VisualEditor Formulæ]] (for wikis with [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]]) — edit algebra or equations on your pages
* [[mw:Typography_Update|Typography Refresh]] —  make text more readable (coming Thursday)

Would you like to try out Beta Features now? After you log in on MediaWiki.org, a small 'Beta' link will appear next to your 'Preferences'. Click on it to see features you can test, check the ones you want, then click 'Save'. Learn more on the [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features page]].

After you've tested Beta Features, please let the developers know what you think on [[mw:Talk:About_Beta_Features|this discussion page]] -- or report any bugs [http://wmbug.com/new?product=MediaWiki%20extensions&amp;component=BetaFeatures here on Bugzilla]. You're also welcome to join [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|this IRC office hours chat]] on Friday, 8 November at 18:30 UTC. 

Beta Features was developed by the Wikimedia Foundation's Design, Multimedia and VisualEditor teams. Along with other developers, they will be adding new features to this experimental program every few weeks. They are very grateful to all the community members who helped create this project — and look forward to many more productive collaborations in the future.

Enjoy, and don't forget to let developers know what you think!  [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ༡༩:༤༦, ༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]])&lt;/small&gt;, ༡༩:༤༦, ༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༣ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0622 --&gt;

== Call for comments on draft trademark policy ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all, 

The Wikimedia legal team invites you to participate in the development of the new Wikimedia trademark policy.

The [[:wmf:Trademark policy|current trademark policy]] was introduced in 2009 to protect the [[:wmf:Wikimedia trademarks|Wikimedia marks]]. We are now updating this policy to better balance permissive use of the marks with the legal requirements for preserving them for the community. The new draft trademark policy is ready for your review [[:m:Trademark policy|here]], and we encourage you to discuss it [[:m:Talk:Trademark policy|here]].

We would appreciate if someone would translate this message into your language so more members of your community can contribute to the conversation.

Thanks, &lt;br /&gt;
[[:m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] &amp; [[:m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0657 --&gt;

== Request for comment on Commons: Should Wikimedia support MP4 video? ==

''I apologize for this message being only in English. Please translate it if needed to help your community.''

The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|multimedia team]] seeks community guidance on a proposal to support the [[w:MP4|MP4 video format]]. This digital video standard is used widely around the world to record, edit and watch videos on mobile phones, desktop computers and home video devices. It is also known as [[w:MP4|H.264/MPEG-4 or AVC]].

Supporting the MP4 format would make it much easier for our users to view and contribute video on Wikipedia and Wikimedia projects -- and video files could be offered in dual formats on our sites, so we could continue to support current open formats (WebM and Ogg Theora). 

However, MP4 is a patent-encumbered format, and using a proprietary format would be a departure from our current practice of only supporting open formats on our sites -- even though the licenses appear to have acceptable legal terms, with only a small fee required. 

We would appreciate your guidance on whether or not to support MP4. Our Request for Comments presents views both in favor and against MP4 support, based on opinions we’ve heard in our discussions with community and team members. 

[[commons:Commons:Requests for comment/MP4 Video|Please join this RfC -- and share your advice]].

All users are welcome to participate, whether you are active on Commons, Wikipedia, other Wikimedia project -- or any site that uses content from our free media repository.

You are also welcome to join tomorrow's [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|Office hours chat on IRC]],  this Thursday, January 16, at 19:00 UTC, if you would like to discuss this project with our team and other community members.

We look forward to a constructive discussion with you, so we can make a more informed decision together on this important topic. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ༠༦:༤༧, ༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MP4_notice_targets&amp;oldid=7105580 --&gt;

== Universal Language Selector will be enabled by default again on this wiki by 21 February 2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
On January 21 2014 the MediaWiki extension [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) was [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Jan2014|disabled]] on this wiki. A new preference was added for logged-in users to turn on ULS. This was done to prevent slow loading of pages due to ULS webfonts, a behaviour that had been observed by the Wikimedia Technical Operations team on some wikis. 

We are now ready to enable ULS again. The temporary preference to enable ULS will be removed. A [[commons:File:ULS-font-checkbox.png|new checkbox]] has been added to the Language Panel to enable/disable font delivery. This will be unchecked by default for this wiki, but can be selected at any time by the users to enable webfonts. This is an interim solution while we improve the feature of webfonts delivery.

You can read the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Feb2014|announcement]] and the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Upcoming Development Plan|development plan]] for more information. Apologies for writing this message only in English. Thank you. [[m:User_talk:Runab WMF|Runa]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Reenable_2014&amp;oldid=7490703 --&gt;

== Amendment to the Terms of Use ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello all, 

Please join a discussion about a [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|proposed amendment]] to the [[wmf:Terms of Use|Wikimedia Terms of Use]] regarding undisclosed paid editing and we encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please translate this statement if you can, and we welcome you to translate the proposed amendment and introduction. Please see [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|the discussion on Meta Wiki]] for more information. Thank you! [[:m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] ༢༢:༠༠, ༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Jalexander@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=7499312 --&gt;

== Call for project ideas: funding is available for community experiments ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:IEG_key_blue.png|100px|right]]

''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.''

Do you have an idea for a project that could improve your community? [[m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants]] from the Wikimedia Foundation help support individuals and small teams to organize experiments for 6 months. You can get funding to try out your idea for online community organizing, outreach, tool-building, or research to help make {{SITENAME}} better. In March, we’re looking for new project proposals. 

Examples of past Individual Engagement Grant projects:
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Build_an_effective_method_of_publicity_in_PRChina|Organizing social media for Chinese Wikipedia]] ($350 for materials) 
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Visual_editor-_gadgets_compatibility|Improving gadgets for Visual Editor]] ($4500 for developers)
*[[m:Grants:IEG/The_Wikipedia_Library|Coordinating access to reliable sources for Wikipedians]] ($7500 for project management, consultants and materials)
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Elaborate_Wikisource_strategic_vision|Building community and strategy for Wikisource]] (€10000 for organizing and travel)

'''[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-applying|Proposals]] are due by 31 March 2014.''' There are a number of ways to [[m:Grants:IEG|get involved]]! 

Hope to have your participation,

--[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual
Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] ༡༩:༤༤, ༢༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Proposed optional changes to Terms of Use amendment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello all, in response to some community comments in the discussion on the amendment to the Terms of Use on undisclosed paid editing,  we have prepared two optional changes. Please [[m:Terms_of_use/Paid_contributions_amendment#Optional_changes|read about these optional changes on Meta wiki]] and share your comments. If you can (and this is a non english project), please translate this announcement. Thanks! [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] ༢༡:༥༦, ༡༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Changes to the default site typography coming soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; 
This week, the typography on Wikimedia sites will be updated for all readers and editors who use the default &quot;Vector&quot; skin. This change will involve new serif fonts for some headings, small tweaks to body content fonts, text size, text color, and spacing between elements. The schedule is: 

* '''April 1st''': non-Wikipedia projects will see this change live
* '''April 3rd''': Wikipedias will see this change live

This change is very similar to the &quot;Typography Update&quot; Beta Feature that has been available on Wikimedia projects since November 2013. After several rounds of testing and with feedback from the community, this Beta Feature will be disabled and successful aspects enabled in the default site appearance. Users who are logged in may still choose to use another skin, or alter their [[Special:MyPage/vector.css|personal CSS]], if they prefer a different appearance. Local [[MediaWiki:Common.css|common CSS]] styles will also apply as normal, for issues with local styles and scripts that impact all users. 

For more information:
* [[mw:Typography refresh|Summary of changes and FAQ]]
* [[mw:Talk:Typography refresh|Discussion page]] for feedback or questions
* [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2014/03/27/typography-refresh/ Post] on blog.wikimedia.org

-- [[m:User:Steven (WMF)|Steven Walling]] (Product Manager) on behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Design|User Experience Design]] team
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Media Viewer ==

&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings, my apologies for writing in English.

I wanted to let you know that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] will be released to this wiki in the coming weeks. Media Viewer allows readers of Wikimedia projects to have an enhanced view of files without having to visit the file page, but with more detail than a thumbnail. You can try Media Viewer out now by turning it on in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Features]]. If you do not enjoy Media Viewer or if it interferes with your work after it is turned on you will be able to disable Media Viewer as well in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferences]]. I invite you to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|share what you think]] about Media Viewer and how it can be made better in the future.

Thank you for your time. - [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ༢༡:༢༩, ༢༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;
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== Media Viewer is now live on this wiki ==

&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Media_Viewer_Desktop_-_Large_Image_Opaque_Info.png|thumb|Media Viewer lets you see images in larger size]]

Greetings— and sorry for writing in English, please translate if it will help your community,

The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|Multimedia team]] is happy to announce that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] was just released on this site today. 

Media Viewer displays images in larger size when you click on their thumbnails, to provide a better viewing experience. Users can now view images faster and more clearly, without having to jump to separate pages — and its user interface is more intuitive, offering easy access to full-resolution images and information, with links to the file repository for editing. The tool has been tested extensively across all Wikimedia wikis over the past six months as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] and has been [[mw:Multimedia/Media_Viewer/Release_Plan#Timeline|released]] to the largest Wikipedias, all language Wikisources, and the English Wikivoyage already.

If you do not like this feature, you can easily turn it off by clicking on &quot;Disable Media Viewer&quot; at the bottom of the screen, pulling up the information panel (or in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]]) whether you have an account or not. Learn more [[mw:Help:Multimedia/Media_Viewer#How_can_I_turn_off_this_feature.3F|in this Media Viewer Help page]].

Please let us know if you have any questions or comments about Media Viewer. You are invited to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|share your feedback in this discussion on MediaWiki.org]] in any language, to help improve this feature. You are also welcome to [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-all?c=announce-all take this quick survey in English], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-fr en français], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-es o español].

We hope you enjoy Media Viewer. Many thanks to all the community members who helped make it possible. - [[mw:User:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|Fabrice Florin (WMF)]]  ([[m:User talk:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|talk]]) ༢༡:༥༤, ༡༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]&lt;/small&gt;
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== Letter petitioning WMF to reverse recent decisions ==

The Wikimedia Foundation recently created a new feature, &quot;superprotect&quot; status. The purpose is to prevent pages from being edited by elected administrators -- but permitting WMF staff to edit them. It has been put to use in only one case: to protect the deployment of the Media Viewer software on German Wikipedia, in defiance of a clear decision of that community to disable the feature by default, unless users decide to enable it.

If you oppose these actions, please add your name to this letter. If you know non-Wikimedians who support our vision for the free sharing of knowledge, and would like to add their names to the list, please ask them to sign an identical version of the letter on change.org.
* [[:m:Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer|Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer]]
* [http://www.change.org/p/lila-tretikov-remove-new-superprotect-status-and-permit-wikipedia-communities-to-enact-current-software-decisions-uninhibited Letter on change.org]

-- [[:m:User:JurgenNL|JurgenNL]] ([[:m:User talk:JurgenNL|talk]]) ༡༧:༣༥, ༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)
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== Process ideas for software development ==

&lt;div class=”mw-content-ltr”&gt;
’’My apologies for writing in English.’’

Hello,

I am notifying you that a brainstorming session has been [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)/Process ideas|started on Meta]] to help the Wikimedia Foundation increase and better affect community participation in software development across all wiki projects. Basically, how can you be more involved in helping to create features on Wikimedia projects?  We are inviting all interested users to voice their ideas on how communities can be more involved and informed in the product development process at the Wikimedia Foundation. It would be very appreciated if you could translate this message to help inform your local communities as well.

I and the rest of [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)|my team]] welcome you to participate. We hope to see you on Meta.

Kind regards,
-- [[m:User:Rdicerb (WMF)|Rdicerb (WMF)]] [[m:User talk:Rdicerb (WMF)|talk]] ༢༢:༡༥, ༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]&lt;/small&gt;
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== Grants to improve your project ==

:''Apologies for English.  Please help translate this message.''
Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals for funding new experiments from September 1st to 30th. Your idea could improve Wikimedia projects with a new tool or gadget, a better process to support community-building on your wiki, research on an important issue, or something else we haven't thought of yet. 
Whether you need $200 or $30,000 USD, Individual Engagement Grants can cover your own project development time in addition to hiring others to help you.
*'''[[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|Submit your proposal]]'''
*'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༡༦:༥༢, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)
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== VisualEditor available on Internet Explorer 11 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|frameless|200x200px]]

VisualEditor will become available to users of Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 during today's regular software update.  Support for some earlier versions of Internet Explorer is being worked on.  If you encounter problems with VisualEditor on Internet Explorer, please contact the Editing team by leaving a message at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]] on Mediawiki.org.  Happy editing, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ༠༧:༢༩, ༡༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC). 

PS. Please subscribe to the [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|global monthly newsletter]] to receive further news about VisualEditor.
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== Meta RfCs on two new global groups ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello all, 

There are currently requests for comment open on meta to create two new global groups. The first is a group for members of the OTRS permissions queue, which would grant them autopatrolled rights on all wikis except those who opt-out. That proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Creation of a global OTRS-permissions user group]]. The second is a group for Wikimedia Commons admins and OTRS agents to view deleted file pages through the 'viewdeletedfile' right on all wikis except those who opt-out. The second proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Global file deletion review]].

We would like to hear what you think on both proposals. Both are in English; if you wanted to translate them into your native language that would also be appreciated.

It is possible for individual projects to opt-out, so that users in those groups do not have any additional rights on those projects. To do this please start a local discussion, and if there is consensus you can request to opt-out of either or both at [[m:Stewards' noticeboard]].

Thanks and regards, [[m:User:Ajraddatz|Ajraddatz]] ([[m:User talk:Ajraddatz|talk]]) ༡༨:༠༥, ༢༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (November 2014) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for:

*'''DeGruyter''': 1000 new accounts for English and German-language research. Sign up on one of two language Wikipedias:
**[[w:en:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|English signup]] 
**[[w:de:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|Deutsch signup]] 
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Fold3|Fold3]]''': 100 new accounts for American history and military archives
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:ScotlandsPeople|Scotland's People]]''': 100 new accounts for Scottish genealogy database
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]''': expanded by 100+ accounts for British newspapers 
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|Highbeam]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for newspaper and magazine archives
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia| Questia]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal and social science articles
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal archives

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].༢༣:༡༩, ༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Global AbuseFilter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello,

[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is a MediaWiki extension used to detect likely abusive behavior patterns, like pattern vandalism and spam. In 2013, [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global AbuseFilters]] were enabled on a limited set of wikis including Meta-Wiki, MediaWiki.org, Wikispecies and (in early 2014) all the &quot;[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=small.dblist small wikis]&quot;. Recently, global abuse filters were enabled on &quot;[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=medium.dblist medium sized wikis]&quot; as well. These filters are currently managed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and have shown to be very effective in preventing mass spam attacks across Wikimedia projects. However, there is currently no policy on how the global AbuseFilters will be managed although there are proposals. There is an ongoing [[m:Requests for comment/Global AbuseFilter|request for comment]] on policy governing the use of the global AbuseFilters. In the meantime, specific wikis can opt out of using the global AbuseFilter. These wikis can simply add a request to [[m:Global AbuseFilter/Opt-out wikis|this list]] on Meta-Wiki. More details can be found on [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter/2014 announcement|this page]] at Meta-Wiki. If you have any questions, feel free to ask on [[m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter|m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter]].

Thanks,

[[m:User:PiRSquared17|PiRSquared17]], [[m:User:Glaisher|Glaisher]]&lt;/div&gt; — ༡༧:༣༦, ༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (December 2014) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

*[[w:en:WP:ELSEVIER|Elsevier]] - science and medicine journals and books
*[[w:en:WP:RSC Gold|Royal Society of Chemistry]] - chemistry journals
*[[w:en:wp:Pelican Books|Pelican Books]] - ebook monographs
*[[w:en:WP:Public Catalogue Foundation|Public Catalogue Foundation]]- art books

Other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].༠༠:༢༢, ༡༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== [Global proposal] m.{{SITENAME}}.org: {{int:group-all}} {{int:right-edit}} ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Mediawiki-mobile-smartphone.png|thumb|MediaWiki mobile]]
Hi, this message is to let you know that, on domains like {{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}.'''m'''.wikipedia.org, '''unregistered users cannot edit'''. At the Wikimedia Forum, where global configuration changes are normally discussed, a few dozens users [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Proposal: restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites|propose to restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites]]. Please read and comment!

Thanks and sorry for writing in English, [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] ༢༢:༣༢, ༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

*[[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]] — humanities and social science books and journals
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:DynaMed|DynaMed]] — clinical reference tool for medical topics
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Royal Pharmaceutical Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] — pharmaceutical information and practice resources
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Women_Writers_Online|Women Writers Online]] — a digital humanities database focused on women's literature
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] — American newspapers database w/ Open Access opportunities (expansion of accounts)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ༢༡:༡༤, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)

:''Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [[w:en:Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator page]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Inspire Campaign: Improving diversity, improving content ==

This March, we’re organizing an Inspire Campaign to encourage and support new ideas for improving gender diversity on Wikimedia projects. Less than 20% of Wikimedia contributors are women, and many important topics are still missing in our content. We invite all Wikimedians to participate. If you have an idea that could help address this problem, please get involved today! The campaign runs until March 31.

All proposals are welcome - research projects, technical solutions, community organizing and outreach initiatives, or something completely new! Funding is available from the Wikimedia Foundation for projects that need financial support. Constructive, positive feedback on ideas is appreciated, and collaboration is encouraged - your skills and experience may help bring someone else’s project to life. Join us at the Inspire Campaign and help this project better represent the world’s knowledge!
:*[[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Inspire|Inspire Campaign main page]]
''(Sorry for the English - please translate this message!)'' [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༢༠:༠༢, ༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== SUL finalization update ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all,apologies for writing in English, please read [[m:Single_User_Login_finalisation_announcement/Schema_announcement|this page]] for important information and an update involving [[m:Help:Unified login|SUL finalization]], scheduled to take place in one month. Thanks. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ༡༩:༤༥, ༡༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== Stewards confirmation rules ==

Hello, I made [[:m:Requests_for_comment/Confirmation_of_stewards|a proposal on Meta]] to change the rules for the steward confirmations. Currently consensus to remove is required for a steward to lose his status, however I think it's fairer to the community if every steward needed the consensus to keep. As this is an issue that affects all WMF wikis, I'm sending this notification to let people know &amp; be able to participate. Best regards, --&lt;small&gt;[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]]&lt;/small&gt; ༡༦:༡༢, ༡༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|Nominations are being accepted for 2015 Wikimedia Foundation elections]] ==

''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translations]] are available.''
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|100px|right]]
Greetings,

I am pleased to announce that nominations are now being accepted for the 2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections. This year the Board and the FDC Staff are looking for a diverse set of candidates from regions and projects that are traditionally under-represented on the board and in the movement as well as candidates with experience in technology, product or finance. To this end they have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|published letters]] describing what they think is needed and, recognizing that those who know the community the best are the community themselves, the election committee is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|accepting nominations]] for community members you think should run and will reach out to those nominated to provide them with information about the job and the election process.

This year, elections are being held for the following roles:

''Board of Trustees''&lt;br/&gt;
The Board of Trustees is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long term sustainability of the Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection.  There are three positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|the board elections page]].    

''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''&lt;br/&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities.  There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|the FDC elections page]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) Ombud''&lt;br/&gt;
The FDC Ombud receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees,  and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis.  One position is being filled.  More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. 

The candidacy submission phase lasts from 00:00 UTC April 20 to 23:59 UTC May 5 for the Board and from 00:00 UTCApril 20 to 23:59 UTC April 30 for the FDC and FDC Ombudsperson. This year, we are accepting both self-nominations and nominations of others. More information on this election and the nomination process can be found on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|the 2015 Wikimedia elections page on Meta-Wiki]].

Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the talk page on Meta, or sent to the election committee's mailing list, board-elections -at- wikimedia.org 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 05:03, 21 April 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== Please test VisualEditor in your language! ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|frameless]]
It is very important to us at the [[:mw:Editing|Editing Department]] that [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Portal|VisualEditor]] works in every language, for every user.

VisualEditor's editing environment is a browser ContentEditable element. This means that your [[:en:Input method|input method editor]] (IME) should already know how to work with it. However, to make VisualEditor correctly edit wiki pages, we have to stop browsers in lots of ways from breaking the page.

Sometimes this can interfere with IMEs. To make sure we work in your IME, we need your help: please see '''[http://wikimedia.github.io/VisualEditor/demos/ve/desktop-dist.html#!pages/simple.html wikimedia.github.io/VisualEditor/demos/ve/desktop-dist.html#!pages/simple.html]'''. This is the core system inside VisualEditor which lets you write and edit. It is different from the full editor, and some of the tools you are used to will be missing.

We're interested in particular in whether you can write text at all, what happens when you select different candidate texts, and how VisualEditor behaves in general.

More details, and some early test results, are provided here: '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/IME_Testing#What_to_test|mediawiki.org/wiki/VisualEditor/IME_Testing#What_to_test]]'''.

We would love to hear from every language, and especially languages which use IMEs, like Japanese, Korean, Indic languages, Arabic and others. Thank you for your help.

Yours,

[[:mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] [[:mw:User talk:Jdforrester (WMF)|(talk)]] ༠༧:༤༡, ༢༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections 2015]] ==

[[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|right|75px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun]]
''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Voting has begun]] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|FDC Ombudsperson]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' will continue during the voting. Nominations for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Board of Trustees]]'' will be accepted until 23:59 UTC May 5.

The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions on the committee being filled.

The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee/Ombudsperson role, expectations, and selection process|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]], and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 3 to 23:59 UTC May 10. '''[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Click here to vote]].''' Questions and discussion with the candidates will continue during that time. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC candidates a question]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC Ombudsperson candidates a question]].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|2015 FDC election page]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|2015 FDC Ombudsperson election page]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 Board election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 03:45, 4 May 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:MIT|MIT Press Journals]]''' — scholarly journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences  (200 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:Loeb|Loeb Classical Library]]''' — Harvard University Press versions of Classical Greek and Latin literature with commentary and annotation (25 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:RIPM|RIPM]]''' — music periodicals published between 1760 and 1966 (20 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:SAGE Stats|Sage Stats]]''' — social science data for geographies within the United States (10 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]'''  — an extensive legal research database, including 2000 law-related journals as well as international legal history materials (25 accounts)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ༢༢:༡༢, ༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)

:''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup Global our new coordinator signup].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]&lt;/small&gt;
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== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=dz Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] ==

[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]]
''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=dz Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting.

The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=dz Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=dz Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] ==

[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]]
''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=dz Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting.

The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=dz Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
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== Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then &quot;Pywikipediabot&quot;) was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as &quot;rewrite&quot;, now called &quot;core&quot;) was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core.  If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a  [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem.

There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break.

Thank you,&lt;br /&gt;
The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor &amp; Francis]]'''  — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts &amp; Humanities and Biological, Environment &amp; Earth Sciences. (30 accounts)
*'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]'''  — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present.  (100 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts)
'''New French-Language Branch!'''
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts).
* '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) —  Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts).
* '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials  (1000 accounts).

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC)

:''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]&lt;/small&gt;
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== HTTPS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.

Hi everyone.

Over the last few years, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both readers and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been ready to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals.

[https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might already be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified.

Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably already had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to make sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions.

/[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; ༢༢:༠༠, ༡༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== HTTPS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.

Hi everyone.

Over the last few years, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both readers and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been ready to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals.

[https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might already be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified.

Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably already had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to make sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions.

/[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; ༢༣:༠༨, ༡༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== Please join the 2nd edition of the VisualEditor Translathon ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo-pacifico.svg|right|200px]]
Hello! 

I'm pleased to announce the 2nd edition of the '''VisualEditor Translathon'''.

It is a translation rally, focused on interface messages and help pages related to [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]].
In order to participate, you need to '''[[:betawiki:Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon|sign up on the Translathon page]]''' on TranslateWiki.

The top 3 contributors will each win a Wikipedia t-shirt of their choice from [//store.wikimedia.org/ the Wikipedia store]&lt;ref&gt;You can choose between any short-sleeve shirt, or other items for the same value.&lt;/ref&gt;. 
Translations made between '''July 15th and July 19th''' ([//www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/cdt CDT time zone]) qualify&lt;ref&gt;This means both new translations, and updates for messages in the &quot;Outdated&quot; tab of the translation interface.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

If you are at [//wikimania2015.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimania Wikimania Mexico] this year,  you are also welcome to join a related sprint during the hackathon in '''Workplace 1 - Don Américo, Thursday 16 July at 4pm (CDT)''' at the conference venue, so you can meet other fellow translators and [//wikimania2015.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hackathon#Hackathon_Day_2 get support if you need some].

Interface messages have the priority. You will need to create an account at translatewiki.net in order to work on them, if you don't have one. ''It is recommended to create the account ASAP'', so that it can be confirmed in time.

You can also help translate documentation pages about VisualEditor on mediawiki.org. You can use your Wikipedia account to work there.

You will find instructions, links and other details [[:betawiki:Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon|on the Translathon page]].

Thanks for your attention, and happy translating! &lt;br&gt;
[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ༢༡:༠༠, ༡༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)

&lt;references /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]]
[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]]

There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side)

This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) &amp; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༠༥:༠༨, ༢༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]]
[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]]

There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side)

This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) &amp; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༠༦:༢༡, ༢༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== What does a Healthy Community look like to you? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]]
Hi, &lt;br&gt;
The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community.
Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship!
Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]]
=== Why get involved? ===
'''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn?
&lt;br/&gt;
Share your views on this matter that affects us all!
&lt;br&gt;
'''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' 

=== More information ===
* All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. 
* &lt;span style=&quot;border-bottom:1px dotted&quot;&gt; All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at &lt;nowiki&gt;23:59&lt;/nowiki&gt; UTC''' &lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;big&gt; Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' &lt;/big&gt;
* URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign 
* Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org
&lt;br&gt;

Happy editing! 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༢༣:༤༣, ༣༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)

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== Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is coming ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
(Sorry for writing in English)

When using data from Wikidata on Wikipedia and other sister projects, there is currently a limitation in place that hinders some use cases: data can only be accessed from the corresponding item. So, for example, the Wikipedia article about Berlin can only get data from the Wikidata item about Berlin but not from the item about Germany. This had technical reasons. We are now removing this limitation. It is already done for many projects. Your project is one of the next ones. We will roll out this feature here on August 12.

We invite you to play around with this new feature if you are one of the people who have been waiting for this for a long time. If you have technical issues/questions with this you can come to [[d:Wikidata:Contact the development team]].

A note of caution: Please be careful with how many items you use for a single page. If it is too many pages, loading might get slow. We will have to see how the feature behaves in production to see where we need to tweak and how.

How to use it, once it is enabled:
* Parser function: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:P36|from=Q183}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to get the capital from the item about Germany
* Lua: see [[mw:Extension:Wikibase Client/Lua]]

Cheers [[:d:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༡༧:༤༦, ༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is here ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
(Sorry for writing in English)

Hi everyone,

As I have previously announced here we have now enabled the arbitrary access feature here. This means from now on you can make use of data from any Wikidata item in any article here. Before you could for example only access data about Berlin in the article about Berlin. If you want to find out more or have questions please come to [[d:Wikidata:Arbitrary access]]. I hope this will open up great possibilities for you and make your work easier.
Cheers [[:d:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)]] ༡༣:༣༢, ༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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==How can we improve Wikimedia grants to support you better?==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Hello,

The Wikimedia Foundation would like your feedback about how we can '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|reimagine Wikimedia Foundation grants]]''', to better support people and ideas in your Wikimedia project.  Ways to participate:

*Respond to questions on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|the discussion page of the idea]].
*Join a [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|small group conversation]].   
*Learn more about [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Consultation|this consultation]].
Feedback is welcome in any language.

With thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation.

([[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/ProjectTargets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) &lt;small&gt;This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].&lt;/small&gt; ༠༠:༤༢, ༡༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)

== Introducing the Wikimedia public policy site ==

Hi all,

We are excited to introduce a new Wikimedia Public Policy site. The site includes resources and position statements on access, copyright, censorship, intermediary liability, and privacy. The site explains how good public policy supports the Wikimedia projects, editors, and mission.

Visit the public policy portal: https://policy.wikimedia.org/

Please help translate the [[m:Public policy|statements on Meta Wiki]]. You can [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/09/02/new-wikimedia-public-policy-site/ read more on the Wikimedia blog].

Thanks,

[[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] and [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Stephen]] ([[m:User talk:Slaporte (WMF)|Talk]]) ༡༨:༡༢, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)

''(Sent with the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery system]])''
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== Introducing the Wikimedia public policy site ==

Hi all,

We are excited to introduce a new Wikimedia Public Policy site. The site includes resources and position statements on access, copyright, censorship, intermediary liability, and privacy. The site explains how good public policy supports the Wikimedia projects, editors, and mission.

Visit the public policy portal: https://policy.wikimedia.org/

Please help translate the [[m:Public policy|statements on Meta Wiki]]. You can [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/09/02/new-wikimedia-public-policy-site/ read more on the Wikimedia blog].

Thanks,

[[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] and [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Stephen]] ([[m:User talk:Slaporte (WMF)|Talk]]) ༡༩:༡༤, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)

''(Sent with the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery system]])''
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== Open call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Greetings!  The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.  Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.

*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

Thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. ༢༠:༥༢, ༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)

([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) &lt;small&gt;This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Open call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Greetings!  The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.  Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.

*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

Thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. ༢༡:༥༤, ༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)

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== New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete 
* '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access &quot;clipping&quot; feature (1000 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development   (50 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' -  one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) 
* '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]'''  - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including  expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC)

:''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== Only one week left for Individual Engagement Grant proposals! ==

(Apologies for using English below, please help translate if you are able.)

'''There is still one week left to submit [[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grant]] (IEG) proposals''' before the September 29th deadline.  If you have ideas for new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today!  Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well.  Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request.
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]] ༢༡:༠༡, ༢༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== Only one week left for Individual Engagement Grant proposals! ==

(Apologies for using English below, please help translate if you are able.)

'''There is still one week left to submit [[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grant]] (IEG) proposals''' before the September 29th deadline.  If you have ideas for new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today!  Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well.  Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request.
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]] ༢༣:༤༤, ༢༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== Reimagining WMF grants report ==

''(My apologies for using English here, please help translate if you are able.)''

Last month, we asked for community feedback on [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants| a proposal to change the structure of WMF grant programs]]. Thanks to the 200+ people who participated!  '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/Outcomes|
A report]]''' on what we learned and changed based on this consultation is now available.

Come read about the findings and next steps as WMF’s Community Resources team begins to implement changes based on your feedback. Your questions and comments are welcome on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Outcomes|the outcomes discussion page]].

With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ༡༦:༥༦, ༢༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== Reimagining WMF grants report ==

''(My apologies for using English here, please help translate if you are able.)''

Last month, we asked for community feedback on [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants| a proposal to change the structure of WMF grant programs]]. Thanks to the 200+ people who participated!  '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/Outcomes|
A report]]''' on what we learned and changed based on this consultation is now available.

Come read about the findings and next steps as WMF’s Community Resources team begins to implement changes based on your feedback. Your questions and comments are welcome on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Outcomes|the outcomes discussion page]].

With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ༡༨:༡༨, ༢༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== Community Wishlist Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 

Hi everyone! Apologies for posting in English. Translations are very welcome.

The [[:m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation is focused on building improved curation and moderation tools for experienced Wikimedia contributors. We're now starting a '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]''' to find the most useful projects that we can work on.

For phase 1 of the survey, we're inviting all active contributors to submit brief proposals, explaining the project that you'd like us to work on, and why it's important. Phase 1 will last for 2 weeks. In phase 2, we'll ask you to vote on the proposals. Afterwards, we'll analyze the top 10 proposals and create a prioritized wishlist.

While most of this process will be conducted in English, we're inviting people from any Wikimedia wiki to submit proposals. We'll also invite volunteer translators to help translate proposals into English. 

Your proposal should include: the problem that you want to solve, who would benefit, and a proposed solution, if you have one. You can submit your proposal on the Community Wishlist Survey page, using the entry field and the big blue button. We will be accepting proposals for 2 weeks, ending on November 23.
 
We're looking forward to hearing your ideas!

&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Community Tech Team via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༢༡:༥༧, ༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikimania 2016 scholarships ambassadors needed ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello! [[wm2016:|Wikimania 2016]] scholarships will soon be open; by the end of the week we'll form the committee and we need your help, see [[wm2016:Special:MyLanguage/Scholarship committee|Scholarship committee]] for details.

If you want to carefully review nearly a thousand applications in January, you might be a perfect committee member. Otherwise, you can '''volunteer as &quot;ambassador&quot;''': you will observe all the committee activities, ensure that people from your language or project manage to apply for a scholarship, translate '''scholarship applications written in your language''' to English and so on. Ambassadors are allowed to ask for a scholarship, unlike committee members.

[[wm2016:Scholarship committee|Wikimania 2016 scholarships subteam]] ༡༠:༤༨, ༡༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== Harassment consultation ==

{{int:Please-translate}}

The Community Advocacy team the Wikimedia Foundation has opened a consultation on the topic of '''harassment''' on [[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Meta]]. The consultation period is intended to run for one month from today, November 16, and end on December 17. Please share your thoughts there on harassment-related issues facing our communities and potential solutions. (Note: this consultation is not intended to evaluate specific cases of harassment, but rather to discuss the problem of harassment itself.)
::*[[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Harassment consultation 2015]]  
:Regards, [[m:Community Advocacy|Community Advocacy, Wikimedia Foundation]]
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Your input requested on the proposed #FreeBassel banner campaign]] ==

''This is a message regarding the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|proposed 2015 Free Bassel banner]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translations]] are available.''

Hi everyone,

This is to inform all Wikimedia contributors that a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|straw poll seeking your involvement]] has just been started on Meta-Wiki.

As some of your might be aware, a small group of Wikimedia volunteers have proposed a banner campaign informing Wikipedia readers about the urgent situation of our fellow Wikipedian, open source software developer and Creative Commons activist, [[:w:Bassel Khartabil|Bassel Khartabil]]. An exemplary [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|banner]] and an [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|explanatory page]] have now been prepared, and translated into about half a dozen languages by volunteer translators.

We are seeking [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|your involvement to decide]] if the global Wikimedia community approves starting a banner campaign asking Wikipedia readers to call on the Syrian government to release Bassel from prison. We understand that a campaign like this would be unprecedented in Wikipedia's history, which is why we're seeking the widest possible consensus among the community.

Given Bassel's urgent situation and the resulting tight schedule, we ask everyone to [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|get involved with the poll and the discussion]] to the widest possible extent, and to promote it among your communities as soon as possible.

(Apologies for writing in English; please kindly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|translate]] this message into your own language.)

Thank you for your participation!

''Posted by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 21:47, 25 November 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translate]] • [[:m:Talk:Free Bassel/Banner|Get help]]
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== Community Wishlist Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 

Hi everyone! Apologies for posting this in English. Translations are very welcome.

We're beginning the second part of the Community Tech team's '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey/Voting|Community Wishlist Survey]]''', and we're inviting all active contributors to vote on the proposals that have been submitted.

Thanks to you and other Wikimedia contributors, 111 proposals were submitted to the team. We've split the proposals into categories, and now it's time to vote! You can vote for any proposal listed on the pages, using the &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Support}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; tag. Feel free to add comments pro or con, but only support votes will be counted. The voting period will be 2 weeks, ending on December 14.

The proposals with the most support votes will be the team's top priority backlog to investigate and address. Thank you for participating, and we're looking forward to hearing what you think!

Community Tech via
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༡༤:༣༨, ༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== Community Wishlist Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 

Hi everyone! Apologies for posting this in English. Translations are very welcome.

We're beginning the second part of the Community Tech team's '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey/Voting|Community Wishlist Survey]]''', and we're inviting all active contributors to vote on the proposals that have been submitted.

Thanks to you and other Wikimedia contributors, 111 proposals were submitted to the team. We've split the proposals into categories, and now it's time to vote! You can vote for any proposal listed on the pages, using the &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Support}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; tag. Feel free to add comments pro or con, but only support votes will be counted. The voting period will be 2 weeks, ending on December 14.

The proposals with the most support votes will be the team's top priority backlog to investigate and address. Thank you for participating, and we're looking forward to hearing what you think!

Community Tech via
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༠༧:༠༤, ༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (December 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] - multidisciplinary periodicals, newspapers, and reference sources - 10 accounts
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Brill|Brill]] - academic e-books and journals in English, Dutch, and other languages - 25 accounts
* [[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Suomalaisen_Kirjallisuuden_Seura|Finnish Literature Society]] (in Finnish)
* [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مگ‌ایران|Magiran]] (in Farsi) - scientific journal articles - 100 articles
* [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:سیویلیکا|Civilica]] (in Farsi) - Iranian journal articles, seminars, and conferences - 50 accounts

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 01:01, 11 December 2015 (UTC)

:''Help us a start Wikipedia Library in your language! Email us at wikipedialibrary@wikimedia.org''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Get involved in Wikipedia 15!]] ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|Translations]] are available.''

[[File:International-Space-Station wordmark blue.svg|right|200px]]

As many of you know, January 15 is Wikipedia’s 15th Birthday!

People around the world are getting involved in the celebration and have started adding their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|events on Meta Page]]. While we are celebrating Wikipedia's birthday, we hope that all projects and affiliates will be able to utilize this celebration to raise awareness of our community's efforts.

Haven’t started planning? Don’t worry, there’s lots of ways to get involved. Here are some ideas:

* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|Join/host an event]]'''. We already have more than 80, and hope to have many more.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media|Talk to local press]]'''. In the past 15 years, Wikipedia has accomplished extraordinary things. We’ve made a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/15 years|handy summary]] of milestones and encourage you to add your own. More resources, including a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media#releases|press release template]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Movement Communications Skills|resources on working with the media]], are also available.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Material|Design a Wikipedia 15 logo]]'''. In place of a single icon for Wikipedia 15, we’re making dozens. Add your own with something fun and representative of your community. Just use the visual guide so they share a common sensibility.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events/Package#birthdaywish|Share a message on social media]]'''. Tell the world what Wikipedia means to you, and add #wikipedia15 to the post. We might re-tweet or share your message!

Everything is linked on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Wikipedia 15 Meta page]]. You’ll find a set of ten data visualization works that you can show at your events, and a [[c:Category:Wikipedia15 Mark|list of all the Wikipedia 15 logos]] that community members have already designed.

If you have any questions, please contact [[m:User:ZMcCune (WMF)|Zachary McCune]] or [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]].

Thanks and Happy nearly Wikipedia 15!&lt;br /&gt;
-The Wikimedia Foundation Communications team

''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]], ༢༠:༥༨, ༡༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC) • [[m:Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 15|{{int:help}}]]
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikimania 2016 Scholarships - Deadline soon! ==

:{{int:Please-translate}}
A reminder - applications for scholarships for Wikimania 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy, are closing soon! Please get your applications in by January 9th.  To apply, visit the page below:
:*[https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scholarships Wikimania 2016 Scholarships]
[[User:PEarley (WMF)|Patrick Earley (WMF)]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༠༡:༤༩, ༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
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== 2016 WMF Strategy consultation ==

:{{int:Please-translate}}
Hello, all.

The Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) has launched a consultation to help create and prioritize WMF strategy beginning July 2016 and for the 12 to 24 months thereafter. This consultation will be open, on Meta, from 18 January to 26 February, after which the Foundation will also use these ideas to help inform its Annual Plan. (More on our timeline can be found on that Meta page.)

Your input is welcome (and greatly desired) at the Meta discussion, [[:m:2016 Strategy/Community consultation|2016 Strategy/Community consultation]].

Apologies for English, where this is posted on a non-English project. We thought it was more important to get the consultation translated as much as possible, and good headway has been made there in some languages. There is still much to do, however! We created [[:m:2016 Strategy/Translations]] to try to help coordinate what needs translation and what progress is being made. :)

If you have questions, please reach out to me on my talk page or on the strategy consultation's talk page or by email to mdennis@wikimedia.org.

I hope you'll join us! [[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༡༩:༠༦, ༡༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
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== Dzongkha is missing ==
Dzongkha is missing from this page:&lt;br /&gt;
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/There_is_also_a_Wikipedia_in_your_language&lt;br /&gt;
More than 100 languages are now listed.&lt;br /&gt;
Thank you, [[User:Varlaam|Varlaam]] ([[User talk:Varlaam|talk]]) ༠༥:༥༣, ༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)

== The visual editor is coming to this wiki ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Norwegian-road-sign-110.0 (fluorescent).svg|right|frameless]]
''Hello. Please excuse the English.  {{Int:Please-translate}}.  {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

Hi everybody,   

My name is Erica, and I am a [[:mw:Community Engagement (Product)|Community Liaison]] at the Wikimedia Foundation. I'm here to let you know that &lt;mark&gt;[[mw:VisualEditor/Portal|'''the visual editor''']] is coming to editors at this Wikipedia soon.&lt;/mark&gt; It allows people to edit Wikipedia articles as if they were using word processing software.  

You don't have to wait until the deployment to test it; '''you can test the visual editor right now.''' To turn it on, select [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|&quot;{{int:betafeatures-toplink}}&quot;]] in your preferences. Choose &quot;{{int:visualeditor}}&quot; and click save.  When it is enabled, you will press the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; button to edit an article in the new software. To use the wikitext editor, you can press &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot;. 

After the deployment, everyone will automatically have the option to use either the visual editor or the current wikitext editor. For more information about how to use the visual editor, see [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide]]. 

More information about [[mediawikiwiki:Help:VisualEditor/VE_as_the_main_editor|preparing for the visual editor is posted here]].
* It's easier to add templates if you've added [[mw:TemplateData|TemplateData]] information. 
* Please help translate the user interface and pages about the visual editor. See [[:mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|the visual editor's TranslationCentral]] for general information. To translate the user guide, go to [[mediawikiwiki:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|the MediaWiki.org page]], and select &quot;{{int:translate-tag-translate-link-desc}}&quot;. Your language should be available from the drop-down menu on the right. Once you've done this, you'll see the document in English, side by side with any translation work already done in your language. You can add new translations or change old translations.  To [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-0-all&amp;language= translate the user interface], you need to create an account at translatewiki.net. [[:mediawikiwiki:User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)|Contact me personally]] if you need help with that.
* Please let us know if you find any problems. You can report issues in [[phab:|Phabricator, the new bug tracking system]] or on the [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|central feedback page]] on MediaWiki.org. If you notice major issues affecting your project, please leave a note [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|on my talk page]].   &lt;div style=&quot;float: right;&quot;&gt;''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/Phase_6_wikis|Wrong target page? Fix it here]]  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Sign up for the visual editor's multilingual newsletter]] ''&lt;/div&gt; 

Thank you, and happy editing! --[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|(talk)]] ༡༨:༢༩, ༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Reminder: the visual editor is coming to this wiki soon ==

&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;me-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;

[[File:Twemoji 23f0.svg|right|frameless]]

''Hello again. Please excuse the English.  {{Int:Please-translate}}.  {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

This is a reminder that [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal|'''the visual editor''']] is coming to all editors at this Wikipedia soon.  As of this writing, the team is not aware of any issues specific to this language that should prevent the new software to be deployed here; therefore, please do let us know if you find any problems instead.  You can report issues in [[phab:|Phabricator, the new bug tracking system]] or on the [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|central feedback page]] on MediaWiki.org. There is a '''[[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE as the main editor|short guide at mediawiki.org]]''' that you can follow (as if it was a &quot;checklist&quot;) to learn about the community work necessary to adapt the visual editor, and its referencing system in particular, to your community's needs.

&lt;mark&gt;If you can translate from English into this wiki's language, or know anyone who can, please follow the links below, as '''this language still has 0% progress in translations'''&lt;/mark&gt; &lt;small&gt;(0% or slightly above, for interface messages)&lt;/small&gt;. You'll help your community get the best possible experience when it comes to [[:mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral#To_do|interface messages and documentation related to the visual editor]]. &lt;small&gt;After you click on any links, your language should be available from the drop-down menu on the right. Once you've selected it, you'll see the document in English side by side with any translation work already done in your language. You can add new translations or modify existing ones. The interface is hosted at https://translatewiki.net; you'll need an account if you never translated there before. The user guide lives at Mediawiki.org, for which you can use your regular Wikipedia account. [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|You're welcome to contact me personally]] whenever you need help. &lt;/small&gt;

*'''[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-0-all&amp;language= Interface messages]'''
*'''[https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&amp;language=&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate User Guide]'''

Thank you for your cooperation, and happy editing! --[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|(talk)]] ༡༦:༣༤, ༢༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Completion suggestor ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
== Updates to wiki search auto completion are arriving 10 March==

Hello!

{{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

The [[:m:User:CKoerner (WMF)/Work/Completion Suggester beta reminder and coming soon|completion suggester beta feature]] will become the default at the first group of wikis on '''Thursday, 10 March'''. This initial rollout will start with some of the smaller wikis to ensure the change happens in an organized way. The remaining wikis will receive the update on Wednesday, 16 March. This update brings three major improvements to search. Improved search result ordering, a tolerance for a small number of spelling errors, and suggests fewer typos.

Since December 2015, 19,000 editors have already opted into the completion suggester beta feature. Contributors are encouraged to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|try out the feature]] ahead of the release. Please share any comments on the Completion Suggester [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/CompletionSuggester|discussion page]] in any language.

To learn more about the work of the Discovery department and other improvements to search, please check out [[wmfblog:2015/12/23/search-and-discovery-on-wikipedia/|the Wikimedia blog]]. Read about  [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|CirrusSearch]], the MediaWiki extension that makes wiki search possible.&lt;/div&gt; - [[User:CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) ༢༢:༠༩, ༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}''

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for access to research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:Cambridge|Cambridge University Press]]''' - a major publisher of academic journals and e-books in a variety of subject areas. Access includes both Cambridge Journals Online and Cambridge Books. 25 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Alexander Street|Alexander Street ''Academic Video Online'']]''' - a large academic video collection good for a wide range of subjects, including news programs (such as PBS and BBC), music and theatre, lectures and demonstrations, and documentaries. 25 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Baylor|Baylor University Press]]''' - a publisher of academic e-books primarily in religious studies and the humanities. 50 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Future Science Group|Future Science Group]]''' - a publisher of medical, biotechnological and scientific research. 30 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Annual Reviews|Annual Reviews]]''' - a publisher of review articles in the biomedical sciences. 100 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Miramar|Miramar Ship Index]]''' - an index to ships and their histories since the early 19th century. 30 accounts. 

'''Non-English'''
*'''[[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:نورمگز|Noormags]]''' - Farsi-language aggregator of academic and professional journals and magazines. 30 accounts.
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/كتبنا|Kotobna]]''' - Arabic-language ebook publishing platform. 20 accounts.

'''Expansions'''
*'''[[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]]''' - aggregator of newspapers, magazines and journals. 50 accounts.
*'''[[w:en:WP:Elsevier|Elsevier ScienceDirect]]''' - an academic publishing company that publishes medical and scientific literature. 100 accounts.
Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:De Gruyter|De Gruyter]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ༢༠:༣༠, ༡༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)


:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Open Call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

[[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]]
{{int:Please-translate}}:

Greetings!  The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IEG|Individual Engagement Grants (IEG) program]] is accepting proposals''' until April 12th to fund new tools, research, outreach efforts, and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.
Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), IEGs can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help''' with your proposal]] in an upcoming Hangout session
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ༡༥:༤༧, ༣༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
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== Server switch 2016 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its newest data center in Dallas.
This will make sure Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.
To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test.  This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems.

They will switch all traffic to the new data center on '''Tuesday, 19 April'''.&lt;br/&gt;
On '''Thursday, 21 April''', they will switch back to the primary data center.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches.
We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for approximately 15 to 30 minutes on Tuesday, 19 April and Thursday, 21 April, starting at 14:00 UTC (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT).

If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.
We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.
If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.
Then you should be able to save your edit.
But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.
Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.
If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.
Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be a code freeze for the week of 18 April.
No non-essential code deployments will take place.

This test was originally planned to take place on March 22.
April 19th and 21st are the new dates. 
You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for Q3 FY2015-2016 rollout|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].
They will post any changes on that schedule.
There will be more notifications about this.
'''Please share this information with your community.''' /[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) ༢༡:༠༧, ༡༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia to the Moon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello! Sorry that this is in English only, but we are using village pump messaging in order to reach as many language communities as possible. Wrong page? Please fix it [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|here]].

This is an invitation to all Wikipedians: Wikimedia Deutschland has been given data space to include Wikipedia content in an upcoming mission to the Moon. (No joke!) We have launched a community discussion about how to do that, because we feel that this is for the global community of editors. Please, '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon|join the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]''' (and translate this invitation to your language community)! Best, [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia to the Moon|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] ༡༥:༣༥, ༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun ==

Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, featured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to reach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] ༡༥:༣༡, ༡༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&amp;oldid=15542536 --&gt;

== Compact Language Links enabled in this wiki today ==

{{int:Please-translate}}
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]]

[[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). Based on several factors, this shorter list of languages is expected to be more relevant for them and valuable for finding similar content in a language known to them. More information about compact language links can be found in [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|the documentation]].

From today onwards, compact language links has been enabled as the default listing of interlanguage links on this wiki. Using the button at the bottom, you will be able to see a longer list of all the languages the article has been written in. The setting for this compact list can be changed by using the checkbox under ''User Preferences -&gt; Appearance -&gt; Languages''

The compact language links feature has been tested extensively by the Wikimedia Language team, which developed it. However, in case there are any problems or other feedback please let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project talk page]] or on this discussion thread. It is to be noted that on some wikis the presence of an existing older gadget that was used for a similar purpose may cause an interference for compact language list. We would like to bring this to the attention of the admins of this wiki. Full details are on [[phab:T131455|this phabricator ticket]] (in English).

Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]]) ༠༧:༠༤, ༢༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idea is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content!

Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] ༡༤:༡༠, ༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Save/Publish ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[:mw:Editing|Editing]] team is planning to change the name of the [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Savearticle “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”] button to [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishpage “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishchanges “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”]. “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” will be used when you create a new page. “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” will be used when you change an existing page. The names will be consistent in all editing environments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131132][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033]

This change will probably happen during the week of 30 August 2016. The change will be announced in [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]] when it happens.

If you are fluent in a language other than English, please check the status of translations at translatewiki.net for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishpage “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishchanges “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”].

The main reason for this change is to avoid confusion for new editors. Repeated user research studies with new editors have shown that some new editors believed that [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Savearticle “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”] would save a private copy of a new page in their accounts, rather than permanently publishing their changes on the web. It is important for this part of the user interface to be clear, since it is difficult to remove public information after it is published. We believe that the confusion caused by the “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” button increases the workload for experienced editors, who have to clean up the information that people unintentionally disclose, and report it to the functionaries and stewards to suppress it. Clarifying what the button does will reduce this problem.

Beyond that, the goal is to make all the wikis and languages more consistent, and some wikis made this change many years ago. The [[:m:Legal|Legal team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation supports this change. Making the edit interface easier to understand will make it easier to handle licensing and privacy questions that may arise. 

Any help pages or other basic documentation about how to edit pages will also need to be updated, on-wiki and elsewhere. On wiki pages, you can use the wikitext codes &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to display the new labels in the user's preferred language. For the language settings in [[Special:Preferences|your account preferences]], these wikitext codes produce “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” and “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”.

Please share this news with community members who teach new editors and with others who may be interested.
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) ༡༨:༠༣, ༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &amp;ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &amp;ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &amp;ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &amp;ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &amp;ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, health care, and engineering - 10 accounts

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. 

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ༡༨:༣༨, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== RevisionSlider ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From September 13th on, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page, so that you can easily move between revisions. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! &lt;/div&gt; [[user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] ༡༤:༥༦, ༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
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== Grants to improve your project ==

''{{int:Please-translate}}:''

Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is currently accepting proposals for funding. There is just over a week left to submit  before the October 11 deadline.  If you have ideas for software, offline outreach, research, online community organizing, or other projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today!  Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well.  Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request.
*'''[[:m:Grants:Project/Apply|Submit a grant request]]'''
*'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:Project#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]]
*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[:m:Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]]
[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) ༢༠:༡༡, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
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== Creative Commons 4.0 ==

Hello! I'm writing from the Wikimedia Foundation to invite you to give your feedback on a proposed move from CC BY-SA 3.0 to a CC BY-SA 4.0 license across all Wikimedia projects. The consultation will run from October 5 to November 8, and we hope to receive a wide range of viewpoints and opinions. Please, if you are interested, [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0|take part in the discussion on Meta-Wiki]].

''Apologies that this message is only in English. [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0/MassMessage|This message can be read and translated in more languages here]].'' [[User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) ༠༡:༣༥, ༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
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==Editing news n.3-2016==
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''Sorry for the delay in delivering this newsletter!''
*'''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE|Change or add a community page where the next issue is delivered]]'''
*'''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Sign up personally]]'''
*'''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/Translators|Volunteer to provide translations in the future]]'''


''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/October|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can easily re-arrange columns and rows in the visual editor? [[File:VisualEditor table editing menu.png|alt=Screenshot showing a dropdown menu with options for editing the table structure|center|frameless|232x232px]]  


Select a cell in the column or row that you want to move.  Click the arrow at the start of that row or column to open the dropdown menu (shown).  Choose either &quot;Move before&quot; or &quot;Move after&quot; to move the column, or &quot;Move above&quot; or &quot;Move below&quot; to move the row.

You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has mainly worked on a new wikitext editor.  They have also released some small features and the new map editing tool.  Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the list of work finished each week at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, releasing the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[mediawikiwiki:Beta_Features|beta feature]], and improving language support.

=== Recent changes ===

*You can now set text as small or big.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T53613] 
*Invisible templates have been shown as a puzzle icon.  Now, the name of the invisible template is displayed next to the puzzle icon.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T141861]  A similar feature will display the first part of hidden HTML comments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T147089]
*Categories are displayed at the bottom of each page.  If you click on the categories, the dialog for editing categories will open.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145267]
*At many wikis, you can now add [[mediawikiwiki:Maps|maps]] to pages.  Go to the Insert menu and choose the &quot;Maps&quot; item. The Discovery department is adding more features to this area, like geoshapes. You can read more at mediawiki.org.[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Discovery#Maps]
*The &quot;Save&quot; button now says &quot;Save page&quot; when you create a page, and &quot;Save changes&quot; when you change an existing page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033]  In the future, the &quot;{{int:Savearticle}}&quot; button will say &quot;{{int:Publishpage}}&quot;.  This will affect both the visual and wikitext editing systems.  More [[:m:Editing/Publish|information is available on Meta]].
*Image galleries now use a visual mode for editing.  You can see thumbnails of the images, add new files, remove unwanted images, rearrange the images by dragging and dropping, and add captions for each image.  Use the &quot;Options&quot; tab to set the gallery's display mode, image sizes, and add a title for the gallery.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T45037]

=== Future changes ===

The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the remaining 10 [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|&quot;Phase 6&quot; Wikipedias]] during the next month. The developers want to know whether typing in your language feels natural in the visual editor.  Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. This will affect several languages, including [[:w:th:|'''Thai''']], [[:w:my:|'''Burmese''']] and [[:w:arc:|'''Aramaic''']].

The team is working on a modern wikitext editor.  The [[Mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] will look like the visual editor and be able to use the citoid service and other modern tools.  This new editing system may become available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices in October 2016.  You can read about this project in a [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Roadmap/Update_2016-06-23|general status update on the Wikimedia mailing list]]. 

=== Let's work together ===

* Do you teach new editors how to use the visual editor? Did you help [[:mw:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]? Have you written or imported [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your most important citation templates?  &lt;mark&gt;Would you be willing to help new editors and small communities with the visual editor?  Please sign up for the new [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/Community Taskforce|'''VisualEditor Community Taskforce''']].&lt;/mark&gt; 
 
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ༢༡:༠༡, ༡༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
*'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy
*'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities
*'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals
*'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–hearing journals
*'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics

'''Expansions'''
*'''[[:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added
*'''[[:en:WP:Taylor &amp; Francis|Taylor &amp; Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence &amp; Security Studies collection
Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ༡༨:༣༠, ༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Password reset ==

''I apologise that this message is in English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:Centralnotice-shared-help-translate}}]''

We are having a problem with attackers taking over wiki accounts with privileged user rights (for example, admins, bureaucrats, oversighters, checkusers). It appears that this may be because of weak or reused passwords.

Community members are working along with members of multiple teams at the Wikimedia Foundation to address this issue.

In the meantime, we ask that everyone takes a look at the passwords they have chosen for their wiki accounts. If you know that you've chosen a weak password, or if you've chosen a password that you are using somewhere else, please change those passwords.

Select strong passwords – eight or more characters long, and containing letters, numbers, and punctuation. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) / [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༢༣:༥༩, ༡༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
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== Adding to the above section (Password reset) ==

Please accept my apologies - that first line should read &quot;[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Help with translations!]&quot;. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) / [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༠༠:༡༡, ༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
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== New way to edit wikitext ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

'''Summary''': There's a new opt-in Beta Feature of a [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|wikitext mode for the visual editor]]. Please [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|go try it out]].


We in the Wikimedia Foundation's Editing department are responsible for making editing better for all our editors, new and experienced alike. We've been slowly improving [[:mw:VisualEditor|the visual editor]] based on feedback, user tests, and feature requests. However, that doesn't work for all our user needs: whether you need to edit a wikitext talk page, create a template, or fix some broken reference syntax, sometimes you need to use wikitext, and many experienced editors prefer it.

Consequently, we've planned a &quot;wikitext mode&quot; for the visual editor for a long time. It provides as much of the visual editor's features as possible, for those times that you need or want wikitext. It has the same user interface as the visual editor, including the same toolbar across the top with the same buttons. It provides access to the [[:mw:citoid|citoid service]] for formatting citations, integrated search options for inserting images, and the ability to add new templates in a simple dialog. Like in the visual editor, if you paste in formatted text copied from another page, then formatting (such as bolding) will automatically be converted into wikitext.

All wikis now have access to this mode as a [[:mw:Beta Features|Beta Feature]]. When enabled, it replaces your existing [[:mw:Editor|wikitext editor]] everywhere. If you don't like it, you can reverse this at any time by turning off the Beta Feature in your preferences. We don't want to surprise anyone, so it's strictly an ''opt-in-only'' Beta Feature. It won't switch on automatically for anyone, even if you have previously checked the box to &quot;{{Int:Betafeatures-auto-enroll}}&quot;.

The new wikitext edit mode is based on the visual editor, so it requires JavaScript (as does the [[:mw:Extension:WikiEditor|current wikitext editor]]). It doesn't work with gadgets that have only been designed for the older one (and ''vice versa''), so some users will miss gadgets they find important. We're happy to [[:mw:VisualEditor/Gadgets|work with gadget authors to help them update their code to work]] with both editors. We're not planning to get rid of the current main wikitext editor on desktop in the foreseeable future. We're also not going to remove the existing ability to edit plain wikitext without JavaScript. Finally, though it should go without saying, if you prefer to continue using the current wikitext editor, then you may so do.

This is an early version, and we'd love to know what you think so we can make it better. Please leave feedback about the new mode [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor/Feedback|on the feedback page]].  You may write comments in any language.  Thank you.

&lt;/div&gt; [[:mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] (Product Manager, Editing department, Wikimedia Foundation) --༡༩:༣༢, ༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)
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== Review of initial updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''

The Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. For 15 years, Wikimedians have worked together to build the largest free knowledge resource in human history. During this time, we've grown from a small group of editors to a diverse network of editors, developers, affiliates, readers, donors, and partners. Today, we are more than a group of websites. We are a movement rooted in values and a powerful vision: all knowledge for all people. As a movement, we have an opportunity to decide where we go from here. 

This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. We hope to design an inclusive process that makes space for everyone: editors, community leaders, affiliates, developers, readers, donors, technology platforms, institutional partners, and people we have yet to reach. There will be multiple ways to participate including on-wiki, in private spaces, and in-person meetings. You are warmly invited to join and make your voice heard.

The immediate goal is to have a strategic direction by Wikimania 2017 to help frame a discussion on how we work together toward that strategic direction.

Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Beginning with this message, monthly reviews of these updates will be sent to this page as well. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page.

Here is a review of the updates that have been sent so far:

* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/15 December 2016 - Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (15 December 2016)
** Introduction to process and information about budget spending resolution to support it
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/23 December 2016 - Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (23 December 2016)
** Start of search for Lead Architect for movement strategy process
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/8 January 2017 - Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (8 January 2017)
** Plans for strategy sessions at upcoming Wikimedia Conference 2017
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/11 January 2017 - Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (11 January 2017)
** Introduction of williamsworks 
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 February 2017 - Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 February 2017)
** The core movement strategy team, team tracks being developed, introduction of the Community Process Steering Committee, discussions at WikiIndaba conference 2017 and the Wikimedia movement affiliates executive directors gathering in Switzerland
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/10 February 2017 - Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (10 February 2017)
** Tracks A &amp; B process prototypes and providing feedback, updates on development of all four Tracks

More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]].

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], ༢༠:༣༡, ༡༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Overview #2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''

As we mentioned last month, the Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve.

Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Each month, we are sending overviews of these updates to this page as well. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page.

Here is a overview of the updates that have been sent since our message last month:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/16 February 2017 - Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (16 February 2017)
** Development of documentation for Tracks A &amp; B
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/24 February 2017 - Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (24 February 2017)
** Introduction of Track Leads for all four audience tracks
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 March 2017 - Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 March 2017)
** Seeking feedback on documents being used to help facilitate upcoming community discussions

More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]].

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], ༡༩:༤༣, ༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC) • [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15) ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
: ''This message, &quot;[[mailarchive:wikimediaannounce-l/2017-March/001383.html|We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15)]]&quot;, was sent through multiple channels by  [[m:User:GVarnum-WMF|Gregory Varnum]] on 15 and 16 of March 2017 to village pumps, affiliate talk pages, movement mailing lists, and MassMessage groups. A similar message was sent by [[m:User:Nicole_Ebber_(WMDE)|Nicole Ebber]] to organized groups and their mailing lists on 15 of March 2017. This version of the message is available for translation and documentation purposes'' 

Dear Wikimedians/Wikipedians:

Today we are starting a broad discussion to define Wikimedia's future role in the world and develop a collaborative strategy to fulfill that role. You are warmly invited to join the conversation.

There are many ways to participate, by joining an existing conversation or starting your own: 

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Track_A|Track A (organized groups)]]: Discussions with your affiliate, committee or other organized group (these are groups that support the Wikimedia movement). 

Track B (individual contributors): [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Cycle_1|On Meta]] or your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Participate|local language or project wiki]].

This is the first of three conversations, and it will run between now and April 15. The purpose of cycle 1 is to discuss the future of the movement and generate major themes around potential directions. What do we want to build or achieve together over the next 15 years?

We welcome you, as we create this conversation together, and look forward to broad and diverse participation from all parts of our movement.

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017|Find out more about the movement strategy process]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Toolkit/Discussion_Coordinator_Role|Learn more about volunteering to be a Discussion Coordinator]]

Sincerely,

Nicole Ebber (Track A Lead), Jaime Anstee (Track B Lead), &amp; the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/People|engagement support teams]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ༠༥:༠༩, ༡༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Please accept our apologies for cross-posting this message. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''
[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|right|150px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017]]

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, I am pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2017/Board_of_Trustees/Call_for_candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Elections]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]] (Board) is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long-term sustainability of the Wikimedia Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. More information about this role can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Call for candidates|letter from the Board of Trustees calling for candidates]].

'''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last from April 7 (00:00 UTC) to April 20 (23:59 UTC).'''

'''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates from April 7 to April 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].'''

Once the questions submission period has ended on April 20, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to beginning on April 21.

The goal of this process is to fill the '''three community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. The election results will be used by the Board itself to select its new members.

The full schedule for the Board elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. 

* April 7 (00:00 UTC) – April 20 (23:59 UTC) – '''Board nominations''' 
* April 7 – April 20 – '''Board candidates questions submission period'''
* April 21 – April 30 – '''Board candidates answer questions'''
* May 1 – May 14 – '''Board voting period'''
* May 15–19 – '''Board vote checking'''
* May 20 – '''Board result announcement goal'''

In addition to the Board elections, we will also soon be holding elections for the following roles:

* '''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)'''
** There are five positions being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|on Meta-Wiki]].

* '''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson (Ombuds)'''
** One position is being filled.  More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|on Meta-Wiki]].

Please note that this year the Board of Trustees elections will be held before the FDC and Ombuds elections. Candidates who are not elected to the Board are explicitly permitted and encouraged to submit themselves as candidates to the FDC or Ombuds positions after the results of the Board elections are announced. 

More information on this year's elections can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|on Meta-Wiki]]. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|election talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, &lt;tt dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5&quot;&gt;board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org&lt;/tt&gt;.

On behalf of the Election Committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], ༠༣:༣༨, ༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for 20 to 30 minutes on 19 April and 3 May ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2017|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data center in Dallas.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.  To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test.  This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 19 April 2017'''.
On '''Wednesday, 3 May 2017''', they will switch back to the primary data center.  

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for approximately 20 to 30 minutes on Wednesday, 19 April and Wednesday, 3 May. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170419T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 20 April and Thursday 4 May). 
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the weeks of 17 April 2017 and 1 May 2017.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2017 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' /&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༡༧:༣༤, ༡༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== Wikidata description editing in the Wikipedia Android app ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|Wikidata description editing]] is a new experiment being rolled out on the Wikipedia app for Android.  While this primarily impacts Wikidata, the changes are also addressing a concern about the mobile versions of Wikipedia, so that mobile users will be able to edit directly the descriptions shown under the title of the page and in the search results.

We began by rolling out this feature several weeks ago  to a pilot group of Wikipedias (Russian, Hebrew, and Catalan), and have seen very positive [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions/Research|results]] including numerous quality contributions in the form of new and updated descriptions, and a low rate of vandalism.

We are now ready for the next phase of rolling out this feature, which is to enable it in a few days for all Wikipedias except the top ten by usage within the app (i.e. except English, German, Italian, French, Spanish, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish, and Chinese). We will enable the feature for those languages instead at some point in the future, as we closely monitor user engagement with our expanded set of pilot communities.
As always, if have any concerns, please reach out to us on wiki at [[:mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|the talk page for this project]] or by email at reading@wikimedia.org. Thanks!

-[[:mw:User:DBrant (WMF)|DBrant (WMF)]] ༠༨:༤༡, ༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== New Page previews feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
New Page previews feature

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:CKoerner (WMF)/Enable Hovercards/Phase 1|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

Hello,

The Reading web team at the Wikimedia Foundation has been working to enable [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards|Page previews]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|a beta feature]] known previously as Hovercards, as opt-in behavior for logged-in users and the default behavior for logged-out users across Wikipedia projects. Page previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. For this project, we are expecting to collect feedback over the following few weeks and tentatively enable the feature in early May, 2017.

A quick note on the implementation:

* For logged-in users who are not currently testing out the beta feature, Page previews will be off by default. Users may turn them on from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|their user preferences]] page.
* For logged-out users, the feature will be on by default. Users may disable it at any time by selecting the setting cog available in each preview.
* For users of the Navigation popups gadget, you will not be able to turn on the Page previews feature while using navigational popups. If you would like to try out the Page preview feature, make sure to first turn Navigation popups off prior to turning Page previews on. 

You can read more about [[mw:Beta_Features/Hovercards|the feature]] and [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards#Success Metrics and Feature Evaluation|the tests we used to evaluate performance]], try it out by enabling it from the beta features page, and leave feedback or questions [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]]. 

Thank you, [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༡༦:༥༢, ༡༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2017) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychiatric Association|American Psychiatric Association]]''' – Psychiatry books and journals
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Bloomsbury|Bloomsbury]]''' – ''Who's Who'', Drama Online, Berg Fashion Library, and ''Whitaker's''
* '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Gaudeamus|Gaudeamus]]''' – Finnish humanities and social sciences
* '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Ympäristö-lehti|Ympäristö-lehti]]''' – The Finnish Environment Institute's ''Ympäristö-lehti'' magazine

'''Expansions'''
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Gale|Gale]]''' – Biography In Context database added
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Adam Matthew|Adam Matthew]]''' – all 53 databases now available

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Taylor &amp; Francis|Taylor &amp; Francis]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. 

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ༡༨:༥༢, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:AVasanth_(WMF)|Aaron]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
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== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun in 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun]]''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2017 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''.

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 1 to 23:59 UTC May 14. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|2017 Board of Trustees election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]&lt;/div&gt; ༡༩:༡༤, ༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)''
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== Beta Feature Two Column Edit Conflict View ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From May 9, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two_Column_Edit_Conflict_View|Two Column Edit Conflict View]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis. The Two Column Edit Conflict View is a new interface for the edit conflict resolution page. It highlights differences between the editor's and the conflicting changes to make it easy to copy and paste pieces of the text and resolve the conflict. The feature fulfils a request for a more user-friendly edit conflict resolution from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well! &lt;/div&gt; [[m:user: Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] ༡༤:༢༨, ༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== Editing News #1—2017 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;   

Did you know that you can review your changes visually? 

[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - visual diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes to an article.  Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|245x245px]]When you are finished editing the page, type your edit summary and then choose &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-savedialog-label-review}}&quot;.  
In visual mode, you will see additions, removals, new links, and formatting highlighted.  Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side.


[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected.|center|frameless|220x220px]]


Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs.


[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - wikitext diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display.|center|frameless|245x245px]]


The wikitext diff is the same diff tool that is used in the wikitext editors and in the page history. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;


Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[:mediawikiwiki:2017_wikitext_editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]] which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and adding [[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|the new visual diff tool]]. Their workboard is available [[:phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the work finished each week at  [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].   Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[:mw:Beta Features|beta feature]], and improving the visual diff tool.   

=== Recent changes ===
*A '''new wikitext editing mode''' is available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices.  The [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools.  Go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures]] to enable the {{Int:Visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-label}}. 
* A new '''[[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' is available in VisualEditor's visual mode.  You can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs.  More features will be added to this later.  In the future, this tool may be integrated into other MediaWiki components. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143350]
* The team have added [[:mediawikiwiki:Editing/Projects/Columns_for_references|multi-column support for lists of footnotes]]. The &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; block can automatically display long lists of references in columns on wide screens.  This makes footnotes easier to read.  You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&amp;title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&amp;priority=10&amp;parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597]
* You can now use your web browser's function to switch typing direction in the new wikitext mode. This is particularly helpful for RTL language users like Urdu or Hebrew who have to write JavaScript or CSS. You can use Command+Shift+X or Control+Shift+X to trigger this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153356]
* The way to switch between the visual editing mode and the wikitext editing mode is now consistent. There is a drop-down menu that shows the two options. This is now the same in desktop and mobile web editing, and inside things that embed editing, such as Flow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116417]
* The {{Int:visualeditor-categories-tool}} item has been moved to the top of the {{Int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}} menu (from clicking on the &quot;hamburger&quot; icon) for quicker access. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T74399] There is also now a &quot;Templates used on this page&quot; feature there. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T149009]
* You can now create &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;chem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;  tags (sometimes used as &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ce&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) for chemical formulas inside the visual editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153365]
* Tables can be set as collapsed or un-collapsed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T157989]
* The {{Int:visualeditor-specialcharacter-button-tooltip}} menu now includes characters for Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics and angle quotation marks (‹› and ⟨⟩) .  The team thanks the volunteer developer, [[:S:en:User:Tpt|Tpt]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108626]
* A bug caused some section edit conflicts to blank the rest of the page.  This has been fixed.  The team are sorry for the disruption. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T154217]
* There is a new keyboard shortcut for citations:  &lt;code&gt;Control&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;Shift&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; on a PC, or &lt;code&gt;Command&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;Shift&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; on a Mac.  It is based on the keyboard shortcut for making links, which is &lt;code&gt;Control&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Command&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; respectively. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T99299]

=== Future changes ===
* The team is working on a syntax highlighting tool.  It will highlight matching pairs of &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags and other types of wikitext syntax.  You will be able to turn it on and off.  It will first become available in VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode, maybe late in 2017. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246]
* The kind of button used to {{Int:Showpreview}}, {{Int:showdiff}}, and finish an edit will change in all WMF-supported wikitext editors.  The new buttons will use [[Mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]].  The buttons will be larger, brighter, and easier to read.  The labels will remain the same.  You can test the new button by editing a page and adding &lt;code&gt;&amp;ooui=1&lt;/code&gt; to the end of the URL, like this:  https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=edit&amp;ooui=1  The old appearance will no longer be possible, even with local CSS changes.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T162849]
* The [[:mediawikiwiki:File:Edit_toolbar_-_2.png|outdated 2006 wikitext editor]] will be removed later this year.  It is used by approximately 0.03% of active editors.  See [[:mw:Editor|a list of editing tools on mediawiki.org]] if you are uncertain which one you use.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30856]
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; ༡༨:༠༥, ༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== Prototype for editing Wikidata infoboxes on Wikipedia ==

Hello,

I’m sorry for writing in English. It’d be great if someone could translate this message if necessary.

One of the most requested features for Wikidata is to enable editing of Wikidata’s data directly from Wikipedia, so the editors can continue their workflow without switching websites.

The Wikidata development team has been working on a tool to achieve this goal: '''fill and edit the Wikipedia infoboxes with information from Wikidata, directly on Wikipedia''', via the Visual Editor. 

We already [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|asked for feedback in 2015]], and collected some interesting ideas which we [[:File:Facilitating_the_use_of_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_projects_with_a_user-centered_design_approach.pdf|shared with you in this thesis]]. Now we would like to present to you our first prototype and collect your feedback, in order to improve and continue the development of this feature.

We present this work to you very early, so we can include your feedback before and all along the development. You are the core users of this feature, so we want to make sure that it fits your needs and editing processes.

You will find the prototype, description of the features, and a demo video, '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Client editing prototype|on this page]]'''. Feel free to add any comment or feedback on the talk page. The page is currently not translated in every languages, but you can add your contribution by helping to translate it.

Unfortunately, I won’t be able to follow all the discussions on Wikipedia, so if you want to be sure that your feedback is read, please add it on the Wikidata page, in your favorite language. Thanks for your understanding.

Thanks, [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]]
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== RevisionSlider ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a default feature for all users on all wikis from May 17. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page so that you can easily move between revisions. The slider view is collapsed by default, and will load by clicking on it. It can also be turned off entirely in the user preferences. RevisionSlider has been a default feature on German, Arabic and Hebrew Wikipedia for 6 months and a beta feature on all wikis for 8 months. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Thanks to everyone who tested RevisionSlider and gave valuable feedback to improve the feature! We hope that RevisionSlider will continue to serve you well in your work. &lt;/div&gt; [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] ༡༤:༣༩, ༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|Join the next cycle of Wikimedia movement strategy discussions (underway until June 12)]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]]''
[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|150px]]
The Wikimedia movement strategy core team and working groups have completed reviewing the more than 1800 thematic statements we received from the first discussion. They have identified [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|5 themes that were consistent across all the conversations]] - each with their own set of sub-themes. These are not the final themes, just an initial working draft of the core concepts.

You are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|join the online and offline discussions taking place]] on these 5 themes. This round of discussions will take place between now and June 12th. You can discuss as many as you like; we ask you to participate in the ones that are most (or least) important to you.

Here are the five themes, each has a page on Meta-Wiki with more information about the theme and how to participate in that theme's discussion:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Healthy, Inclusive Communities|Healthy, Inclusive Communities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Augmented Age|The Augmented Age]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/A Truly Global Movement|A Truly Global Movement]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Most Respected Source of Knowledge|The Most Respected Source of Knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem|Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem]]

On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|movement strategy portal on Meta-Wiki]], you can find more information about each of these themes, their discussions, and how to participate.

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt; ༢༡:༠༩, ༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]]
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translations of this message are available on Meta-Wiki]].''

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, we are pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson]] elections. Please read the letter from the Wikimedia Foundation calling for candidates at [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|on the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee''&lt;br /&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities.  There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|the FDC elections page]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson''&lt;br /&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees,  and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. 

'''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last until May 28 (23:59 UTC).'''

'''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates until May 28. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on May 28, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to.

The goal of this process is to fill the '''five community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee and the '''community-selected ombudsperson'''. The election results will be used by the Board itself to make the appointments.

The full schedule for the FDC elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last.

* May 15 (00:00 UTC) – May 28 (23:59 UTC) – '''Nominations'''
* May 15 – May 28 – '''Candidates questions submission period'''
* May 29 – June 2 – '''Candidates answer questions'''
* June 3 – June 11 – '''Voting period'''
* June 12–14 – '''Vote checking'''
* June 15 – '''Goal date for announcing election results'''

More information on this year's elections can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]].

Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, &lt;tt dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5&quot;&gt;board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org&lt;/tt&gt;.

On behalf of the Election Committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt; ༢༡:༠༥, ༢༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== Accessible editing buttons ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;The MediaWiki developers have been slowly improving the accessibility of the user interface.  The next step in this transition will change the appearance of some buttons and may break some outdated (non-updated or unmaintained) user scripts and gadgets.

You can see and use the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&amp;ooui=0 old] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&amp;ooui=1 new] versions now.  Most editors will only notice that some buttons are slightly larger and have different colors.

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;nolines&quot; caption=&quot;Comparison of old and new styles&quot; heights=&quot;240&quot; widths=&quot;572&quot;&gt;
File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, before.png|Buttons before the change
File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, after.png|Buttons after the change
&lt;/gallery&gt;

However, this change also affects some user scripts and gadgets.  Unfortunately, some of them may not work well in the new system.  &lt;mark&gt;If you maintain any user scripts or gadgets that are used for editing, please see '''[[:mw:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]]''' for information on how to test and fix your scripts.  Outdated scripts can be tested and fixed now.&lt;/mark&gt;

This change will probably reach this wiki on '''Tuesday, 18 July 2017'''.  Please leave a note at [[:mw:Talk:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]] if you need help.&lt;/div&gt; [[:m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) ༢༢:༢༢, ༡༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== Page Previews (Hovercards) update ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello,

A quick update on the progress of enabling [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]] (previously named Hovercards) on this project. Page Previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. As mentioned in December we're preparing to remove the feature from Beta and make it the default behavior for logged-out users. We have recently made a large update to the code which fixes most outstanding bugs. 

Due to some issues with our instrumentation, we delayed our deployment by a few months.  We are finally ready to deploy the feature.  Page Previews will be off by default and available in the user preferences page for logged-in users the week of July 24th. The feature will be on by default for current beta users and logged-out users. If you would like to preview the feature, you can enable it as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]. For more information see [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]]. Questions can be left [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]] in your preferred language. 

Thank you again.
&lt;/div&gt;[[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) ༢༢:༣༢, ༢༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== RfC regarding &quot;Interlinking of accounts involved with paid editing to decrease impersonation&quot; ==

There is currently a RfC open on Meta regarding &quot;[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation requiring those involved with paid editing on Wikipedia to link on their user page to all other active accounts through which they advertise paid Wikipedia editing business.]&quot; 

Note this is to apply to Wikipedia and not necessarily other sister projects, this is only to apply to websites where people are specifically advertising that they will edit Wikipedia for pay and not any other personal, professional, or social media accounts a person may have.

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation Please comment on meta]. Thanks. Send on behalf of [[User:Doc James]].

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༢༡:༠༦, ༡༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== Discussion on synced reading lists ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Discussion on synced reading lists'''

Hello,

[[File:Illustration of Reading List feature on Android Wikipedia App (not logged in).png|thumb]] The Reading Infrastructure team at the Wikimedia Foundation is developing a cross-platform reading list service for the mobile Wikipedia app. Reading lists are like bookmark folders in your web browser. They allow readers using the Wikipedia app to bookmark pages into folders to read later. This includes reading offline. Reading lists do not create or alter content in any way.  

To create Reading Lists, app users will register an account and marked pages will be tied to that account. Reading List account preferences sync between devices. You can read the same pages on different mobile platforms (tablets, phones).  This is the first time we are syncing preference data between devices in such a way. We want to hear and address concerns about privacy and data security. We also want to explain why the current watchlist system is not being adapted for this purpose. 
=== Background ===
In 2016 the Android team replaced the simple Saved Pages feature with Reading Lists. Reading Lists allow users to bookmark pages into folders and for reading offline. The intent of this feature was to allow &quot;syncing&quot; of these lists for users with many devices. Due to overlap with the Gather feature and related community concerns, this part was put on hold. 

The Android team has identified this lack of synching as a major area of complaint from users. They expect lists to sync. The iOS team has held off implementing Reading Lists, as syncing was seen as a &quot;must have&quot; for this feature. A recent [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164990 technical RfC] has allowed these user stories and needs to be unblocked. Initially for Android, then iOS, and with web to potentially follow.

Reading lists are private, stored as part of a user's account, not as a public wiki page. There is no sharing or publishing ability for reading lists. No planned work to make these public. The target audience are people that read Wikipedia and want to bookmark and organize that content in the app. There is a potential for the feature to be available on the web in the future.

=== Why not watchlists ===

Watchlists offer similar functionality to Reading Lists. The Reading Infrastructure team evaluated watchlist infrastructure before exploring other options. In general, the needs of watchlists differ from Reading Lists in a few key ways:
* Reading lists focus on Reading articles, not the monitoring of changes.
* Watchlists are focused on monitoring changes of pages/revisions. 
** The Watchlist infrastructure is key to our contributor community for monitoring content changes manually and through the use of automated tools (bots). Because of these needs, expanding the scope of Watchlists to reading purposes will only make the project harder to maintain and add more constraints.
* By keeping the projects separate it is easier to scale resources. We can serve these two different audiences and prioritize the work accordingly. Reading Lists are, by their nature, less critical to the health of Wikipedia/MediaWiki.
* Multi-project support. Reading Lists are by design cross-wiki/project. Watchlists are tied to specific wikis. While there have been many discussion for making them cross-wiki, resolution is not in the near term.
[[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|More information can be found on MediaWiki.org]] where feedback and ideas are welcome. 

Thank you
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) ༢༠:༣༥, ༢༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== Changes to the global ban policy ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello. Some changes to the [[m:Global bans|community global ban policy]] have been proposed. Your comments are welcome at [[:m:Requests for comment/Improvement of global ban policy]]. Please translate this message to your language, if needed. Cordially. [[:m:User:Matiia|Matiia]] ([[:m:User talk:Matiia|Matiia]]) ༠༠:༣༤, ༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers'''

The Readers web team will be deploying a new feature this week to make it [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|easier to download PDF versions of articles on the mobile website]].

Providing better offline functionality was one of the highlighted areas from [[m:New_Readers/Offline|the research done by the New Readers team in Mexico, Nigeria, and India]]. The teams created a prototype for mobile PDFs which was evaluated by user research and community feedback.  The [[m:New_Readers/Offline#Concept_testing_for_mobile_web|prototype evaluation]] received positive feedback and results, so development continued.

For the initial deployment, the feature will be available to Google Chrome browsers on Android. Support for other mobile browsers to come in the future. For Chrome, the feature will use the native Android print functionality. Users can choose to download a webpage as a PDF. [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Print_Styles#Mobile_Printing|Mobile print styles]] will be used for these PDFs to ensure optimal readability for smaller screens.

The feature is available starting Wednesday, Nov 15. For more information, see [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|the project page on MediaWiki.org]]. 

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} 
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) ༢༢:༠༧, ༢༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== Call for Wikimania 2018 Scholarships ==

Hi all,

We wanted to inform you that scholarship applications for [[:wm2018:Wikimania 2018|Wikimania 2018]] which is being held in Cape Town, South Africa on July 18–22, 2018 are now being accepted. '''Applications are open until Monday, 22 January 2018 23:59 UTC.'''

Applicants will be able to apply for a partial or full scholarship. A full scholarship will cover the cost of an individual's round-trip travel, shared accommodation, and conference registration fees as arranged by the Wikimedia Foundation. A partial scholarship will cover conference registration fees and shared accommodation. Applicants will be rated using a pre-determined selection process and selection criteria established by the Scholarship Committee and the Wikimedia Foundation, who will determine which applications are successful. To learn more about Wikimania 2018 scholarships, please visit: [[:wm2018:Scholarships]].

To apply for a scholarship, fill out the multi-language application form on: '''https://scholarships.wikimedia.org/apply'''

It is highly recommended that applicants review all the material on the Scholarships page and [[:wm2018:Scholarships/FAQ|the associated FAQ]] before submitting an application. If you have any questions, please contact: wikimania-scholarships at wikimedia.org or leave a message at: [[:wm2018:Talk:Scholarships]]. Please help us spread the word and translate pages!

Best regards, [[:m:User:Slashme|David Richfield]] and [[:m:DerHexer|Martin Rulsch]] for the [[:wm2018:Scholarship Committee|Scholarship Committee]] ༡༩:༢༤, ༢༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== User group for Military Historians ==

Greetings, 

&quot;Military history&quot; is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at [[:m:Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians|Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians]].

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༡༠:༤༦, ༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༧ (UTC)
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== Editing News #1—2018 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
'''Did you know?'''&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
Did you know that you can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]] on any page?

[[File:Wikitext diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display|center|frameless|250px]]

Sometimes, it is hard to see important changes in a wikitext diff.  This screenshot of a wikitext diff (click to enlarge) shows that the paragraphs have been rearranged, but it does not highlight the removal of a word or the addition of a new sentence.

If you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the Beta Feature]] for &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-preference-visualdiffpage-label}}&quot;, you will have a new option.  It will give you a new box at the top of every diff page.  This box will let you choose either diff system on any edit.

[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected|center|frameless|200px]]
Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs.

In the visual diff, additions, removals, new links, and formatting changes will be highlighted.  Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side.

[[File:Visual diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes to an article.  Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|250px]]

This screenshot shows the same edit as the wikitext diff.  The visual diff highlights the removal of one word and the addition of a new sentence.

You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|the last newsletter]], the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]], which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and improving [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the work finished each week at [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  Their [[mw:Editing team/Current priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor, and improving the visual diff tool.
===Recent changes===
*The '''[[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]]''' is [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|available as a Beta Feature]] on desktop devices.  It has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools.  The team have been comparing the performance of different editing environments.  They have studied how long it takes to open the page and start typing.  The study uses data for more than one million edits during December and January.  Some changes have been made to improve the speed of the 2017 wikitext editor and the visual editor.  Recently, the 2017 wikitext editor opened fastest for most edits, and the 2010 WikiEditor was fastest for some edits.  More information will be posted at [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Editing performance]].
*The '''[[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' was developed for the visual editor.  It is now available to all users of the visual editor and the 2017 wikitext editor.  When you review your changes, you can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs.  You can also [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the new Beta Feature]] for &quot;Visual diffs&quot;.  The Beta Feature lets you use the visual diff tool to view other people's edits on page histories and [[Special:RecentChanges]].  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T167508]
*[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|'''Wikitext syntax highlighting''']] is available as a Beta Feature for both [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor]] and the 2010 wikitext editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246]
*The [[mw:Citoid|citoid service]] automatically translates URLs, DOIs, ISBNs, and PubMed id numbers into wikitext citation templates.  It is very popular and useful to editors, although it can be a bit tricky to set up.  &lt;mark&gt;Your wiki can have this service.  Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|read the instructions]]. You can [[phab:T127354|ask the team to help you enable citoid at your wiki]]&lt;/mark&gt;.

===Let's work together===
*The team will talk about editing tools at an upcoming [[m:Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meetings|Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meeting]].
*Wikibooks, Wikiversity, and other communities may have the visual editor made available by default to contributors.  If your community wants this, then please contact [[mw:User talk:Deskana (WMF)|Dan Garry]].
*The &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; block can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Projects/Columns for references|automatically display long lists of references in columns]] on wide screens.  This makes footnotes easier to read.  You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&amp;title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&amp;priority=10&amp;parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597]
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} 

—[[mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; ༢༠:༥༦, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC)
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== AdvancedSearch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From May 8, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|AdvancedSearch]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The feature enhances the [[Special:Search|search page]] through an advanced parameters form and aims to make [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch/Functional_scope|existing search options]] more visible and accessible for everyone. AdvancedSearch is a project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work!  &lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] ༡༤:༤༥, ༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2018) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to research and tools as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/69/ Rock's Backpages]''' – Music articles and interviews from the 1950s onwards - 50 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/68/ Invaluable]''' – Database of more than 50 million auctions and over 500,000 artists - 15 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/70/ Termsoup]''' – Translation tool

'''Expansions'''
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/43/ Fold3]''' – Available content has more than doubled, now including new military collections from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand.
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/52/ Oxford University Press]''' – The Scholarship collection now includes [http://www.e-enlightenment.com/ Electronic Enlightenment]
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/60/ Alexander Street Press]''' – [https://alexanderstreet.com/products/women-and-social-movements-library Women and Social Movements Library] now available
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/58/ Cambridge University Press]''' – [http://orlando.cambridge.org/ Orlando Collection] now available

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/41/ Loeb Classical Library], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ༡༨:༠༣, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Global preferences are available ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Global preferences are now available, you can set them by visiting your new [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. Visit [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|mediawiki.org for information on how to use them]] and [[mw:Help talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|leave feedback]]. -- [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; ༡༩:༡༩, ༡༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC)
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== Consultation on the creation of a separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''({{int:please-translate}})''

Hi all,

I'm preparing a change in who can edit sitewide CSS/JS pages. (These are pages like &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Common.css&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Vector.js&lt;/code&gt; which are executed in the browser of all readers and editors.) Currently all administrators are able to edit these pages, which poses a serious and unnecessary security risk. Soon, a dedicated, smaller user group will take over this task. Your community will be able to decide who belongs in this group, so this should mean very little change for you. You can find out more and provide feedback at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|the consultation page on Meta]]. If you are involved in maintaining CSS/JS code, or policymaking around adminship requests, please give it a look!

Thanks!
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) ༠༨:༤༥, ༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== New user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''({{int:please-translate}})''

Hi all!

To improve the security of our readers and editors, permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed. (These are pages like &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Common.css&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Vector.js&lt;/code&gt; which contain code that is executed in the browsers of users of the site.)
A new user group, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt;, has been created.
Starting four weeks from now, only members of this group will be able edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.css&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.js&lt;/code&gt; that is either in the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:&lt;/code&gt; namespace or is another user's user subpage).

You can learn more about the motivation behind the change [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|here]].

Please add users who need to edit CSS/JS to the new group (this can be done the same way new administrators are added, by stewards or local bureaucrats).
This is a dangerous permission; a malicious user or a hacker taking over the account of a careless interface-admin can abuse it in far worse ways than admin permissions could be abused. Please only assign it to users who need it, who are trusted by the community, and who follow common basic password and computer security practices (use strong passwords, do not reuse passwords, use two-factor authentication if possible, do not install software of questionable origin on your machine, use antivirus software if that's a standard thing in your environment).

Thanks!
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) ༡༣:༠༨, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Editing of sitewide CSS/JS is only possible for interface administrators from now ==

''({{int:please-translate}})''

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all,

as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS/announcement 2|announced previously]], permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed: only members of the &lt;code&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt; ({{int:group-interface-admin}}) group, and a few highly privileged global groups such as stewards, can edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with .css or .js that is either in the MediaWiki: namespace or is another user's user subpage). This is done to improve the security of readers and editors of Wikimedia projects. More information is available at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS]]. If you encounter any unexpected problems, please contact me or file a bug.

Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) ༡༢:༣༩, ༢༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.  To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 12 September 2018'''.
On '''Wednesday, 10 October 2018''', they will switch back to the primary data center.  

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop when we switch.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Wednesday, 12 September and Wednesday, 10 October. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170503T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 13 September and Thursday 11 October). 
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the weeks of 10 September 2018 and 8 October 2018.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' /&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Johan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ༡༣:༣༣, ༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC)
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== The Community Wishlist Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Hey everyone,

The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. You can post technical proposals from now until 11 November. The communities will vote on the proposals between 16 November and 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. 

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ༡༡:༠༥, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC)
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== Editing News #2—2018 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?
[[File:Mobile editing watchlist star editing pencil.png|alt=Screenshot showing the location of the pencil icon|center|frameless|250px]]

Tap on the pencil icon to start editing.  The page will probably open in the wikitext editor.

You will see another pencil icon in the toolbar.  Tap on that pencil icon to the switch between visual editing and wikitext editing.

[[File:Visual editing mobile switch wikitext.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

Remember to publish your changes when you're done.

You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has wrapped up most of their work on the [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] and [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]].  The team has begun investigating the needs of editors who use mobile devices.  Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mw:Wikimedia Audiences/2018-19 Q2 Goals#Contributors|current priorities]] are fixing bugs and improving mobile editing.   

=== Recent changes ===
*The Editing team has published an [[mw:Mobile editing using the visual editor report|initial report about mobile editing]].  
*The Editing team has begun a design study of visual editing on the mobile website.  New editors have trouble doing basic tasks on a smartphone, such as adding links to Wikipedia articles.  You can [[c:File:Visual Editor Heuristic - Results.pdf|read the report]].
*The Reading team is working on a [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|separate mobile-based contributions project]].
*The 2006 wikitext editor is [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Removal of the 2006 wikitext editor|no longer supported]].  If you used [[:File:Edit toolbar - 2.png|that toolbar]], then you will no longer see any toolbar.  You may choose another editing tool in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|editing preferences]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|local gadgets]], or [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]].
*The Editing team described the history and status of [[mw:Extension:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] in [[m:Wikimedia monthly activities meetings/2018-03|this recorded public presentation]] (starting at 29 minutes, 30 seconds).
*The Language team released [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version of Content Translation]] (CX2) last month, on [[foundationsite:2018/09/30/international-translation-day/|International Translation Day]]. It integrates the visual editor to support templates, tables, and images.  It also produces better wikitext when the translated article is published. [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2018/09/30/content-translation-version-two/]

=== Let's work together ===
* The Editing team wants to improve visual editing on the mobile website.  &lt;mark&gt;Please read [[mw:Visual-based mobile editing/Ideas/October 2018|their ideas]] and tell the team what you think would help editors who use the mobile site.&lt;/mark&gt;  
*The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins next week.
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[mw:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; ༡༤:༡༧, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC)
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== Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web'''

{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Page_issues_-_mobile_banner_example.jpg|thumb|Example of improvements]]

Hello,

In a few weeks the Readers web team will be changing how some templates look on the mobile web site. We will make these templates more noticeable when viewing the article. We ask for your help in updating any templates that don't look correct.

What kind of templates? Specifically templates that notify readers and contributors about issues with the content of an article – the text and information in the article. Examples like [[wikidata:Q5962027|Template:Unreferenced]] or [[Wikidata:Q5619503|Template:More citations needed]]. Right now these notifications are hidden behind a link under the title of an article. We will format templates like these (mostly those that use Template:Ambox or message box templates in general) to show a short summary under the page title. You can tap on the &quot;Learn more&quot; link to get more information.

For template editors we have [[mw:Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Making_page_issues_(ambox_templates)_mobile_friendly|some recommendations on how to make templates that are mobile-friendly]] and also further [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|documentation on our work so far]].

If you have questions about formatting templates for mobile, [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|please leave a note on the project talk page]] or [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Readers-Web-Backlog file a task in Phabricator] and we will help you.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) ༡༩:༣༤, ༡༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC)
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== Community Wishlist Survey vote ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Hey everyone,

The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. The communities have now posted a long list of technical proposals. You can vote on the proposals from now until 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. 

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ༡༨:༡༣, ༢༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC)
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== Advanced Search ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  
[[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch|Advanced Search]] will become a default feature on your wiki on November 28. This new interface allows you to perform specialized searches on the [[Special:Search|search page]], even if you don’t know any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|search syntax]]. Advanced Search originates from the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishes project]]. It's already a default feature on German, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian Wikipedia. Besides, more than 40.000 users across all wikis have tested the beta version. Feedback is welcome on the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:AdvancedSearch|central feedback page]].&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|talk]]) ༡༠:༥༧, ༢༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC)
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== New Wikimedia password policy and requirements ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

The Wikimedia Foundation security team is implementing a new [[m:Password policy|password policy and requirements]]. [[mw:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|You can learn more about the project on MediaWiki.org]].

These new requirements will apply to new accounts and privileged accounts. New accounts will be required to create a password with a minimum length of 8 characters. Privileged accounts will be prompted to update their password to one that is at least 10 characters in length.

These changes are planned to be in effect on December 13th. If you think your work or tools will be affected by this change, please let us know on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|the talk page]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) ༢༠:༠༢, ༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC)
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== Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]]

Love is an important subject for humanity and it is expressed in different cultures and regions in different ways across the world through different gestures, ceremonies, festivals and to document expression of this rich and beautiful emotion, we need your help so we can share and spread the depth of cultures that each region has, the best of how people of that region, celebrate love. 

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love|Wiki Loves Love (WLL)]] is an international photography competition of Wikimedia Commons with the subject love testimonials happening in the month of February.

The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. 

The theme of 2019 iteration is '''''Celebrations, Festivals, Ceremonies and rituals of love.'''''

Sign up your affiliate or individually at [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Participants|Participants]] page.

To know more about the contest, check out our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Commons Page]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/FAQ|FAQs]]

There are several prizes to grab. Hope to see you spreading love this February with Wiki Loves Love!

Kind regards,

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/International Team|Wiki Loves Love Team]]

Imagine... the sum of all love!
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༡༠:༡༢, ༢༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༨ (UTC)
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== FileExporter beta feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
[[File:Logo for the beta feature FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]]
A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature.

The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. 

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ༠༩:༤༡, ༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༡༩ (UTC)
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== No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;
༡༨:༣༨, ༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༡༩ (UTC)
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== Talk to us about talking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt=&quot;￼icon depicting two speech Bubbles&quot;|frameless|right|120px]]
The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication.

We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices.

We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives.

We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help.

'''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.'''

You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do:  
# First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]]  
# Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group.  This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback.  
# Then ask people what they think about communication processes.  We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki.  Please consider asking these five questions:
## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you?
## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them?
## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages?
## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations?
## What are the important aspects of a &quot;wiki discussion&quot;?
# Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group.  Please include links if the discussion is available to the public.

'''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.'''

Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]].

You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer.

Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you.
&lt;/div&gt; [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ༡༥:༠༡, ༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༡༩ (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013)
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor &amp; Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ༡༧:༤༠, ༡༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༩ (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ༡༠:༥༦, ༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༩ (UTC)
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== Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request ==

{{int:please-translate}}

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) ༡༧:༣༥, ༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༡༩ (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
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== Editing News #1—July 2019 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
&lt;big&gt;'''Did you know?'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?

Every article has a pencil icon at the top.  Tap on the pencil icon [[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|frameless|16x16px]] to start editing.  

'''&lt;big&gt;Edit Cards&lt;/big&gt;'''

[[File:EditCards-v.20.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

This is what the new '''Edit Cards for editing links''' in the mobile visual editor look like. You can try the prototype here: '''[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].'''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Welcome back to the [[mw:Editing|Editing]] newsletter.

Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|the last newsletter]], the team has released two new features for the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|mobile visual editor]] and has started developing three more.  All of this work is part of the team's goal to [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2018-2019/Audiences#Outcome 3: Mobile Contribution|make editing on mobile web simpler]].  

Before talking about the team's recent releases, we have a question for you:  

&lt;strong&gt;Are you willing to try a new way to add and change links?&lt;/strong&gt;

If you are interested, we would value your input!  You can try this new link tool in the mobile visual editor on a separate wiki. 

&lt;em&gt;Follow these instructions and share your experience:&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].&lt;/strong&gt;

=== Recent releases ===
The mobile visual editor is a simpler editing tool, for smartphones and tablets using the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile#About|mobile site]].  The Editing team recently launched two new features to improve the mobile visual editor: 

# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|Section editing]]
#* The purpose is to help contributors focus on their edits.
#* The team studied this with an A/B test.  [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing#16 June 2019|This test showed]] that contributors who could use section editing were '''1% more likely to publish''' the edits they started than people with only full-page editing.
# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#March 1, 2019|Loading overlay]]
#* The purpose is to smooth the transition between reading and editing.

Section editing and the new loading overlay are '''now available to everyone''' using the mobile visual editor.

=== New and active projects ===
This is a list of our most active projects. [[mw:Help:Watching pages|Watch]] these pages to learn about project updates and to share your input on new designs, prototypes and research findings.

*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit cards]]: This is a clearer way to add and edit links, citations, images, templates, etc. in articles.  You can try this feature now.  &lt;em&gt;Go here to see how:&lt;/em&gt; [[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 &lt;em&gt;Try Edit Cards&lt;/em&gt;]].
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Mobile toolbar refresh]]: This project will learn if contributors are more successful when the editing tools are easier to recognize.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|Mobile visual editor availability]]: This A/B test asks:  ''Are newer contributors more successful if they use the mobile visual editor?''  We are collaborating with [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default#26 June 2019 %E2%80%93 Participating wikis and test start date|20 Wikipedias]] to answer this question.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Usability improvements|Usability improvements]]: This project will make the mobile visual editor easier to use.  The goal is to let contributors stay focused on editing and to feel more confident in the editing tools.

=== Looking ahead ===

* '''Wikimania:'''  Several members of the Editing Team will be attending [[wmania:|Wikimania]] in August 2019.  They will lead a session about mobile editing in the [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|Community Growth space]].  Talk to the team about how editing can be improved.
* '''Talk Pages:'''  In the coming months, the Editing Team will begin [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|improving talk pages]] and communication on the wikis.

=== Learning more ===
The [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|VisualEditor on mobile]] is a good place to learn more about the projects we are working on. The team wants to talk with you about anything related to editing. If you have something to say or ask, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

[[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 
&lt;/div&gt; ༡༨:༣༢, ༢༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༡༩ (UTC)
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== Update on the consultation about office actions ==

Hello all, 

Last month, the Wikimedia Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_152#Announcement_of_forthcoming_temporary_and_partial_ban_tool_consultation|announced]] a future consultation about partial and/or temporary [[m:Special:MyLanguage/office actions|office actions]]. We want to let you know that the '''draft version''' of this consultation has now been [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|posted on Meta]]. 

This is a '''draft'''. It is not intended to be the consultation itself, which will be posted on Meta likely in early September. Please do not treat this draft as a consultation. Instead, we ask your assistance in forming the final language for the consultation.

For that end, we would like your input over the next couple of weeks about what questions the consultation should ask about partial and temporary Foundation office action bans and how it should be formatted. '''[[:m:Talk:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|Please post it on the draft talk page]]'''. Our goal is to provide space for the community to discuss all the aspects of these office actions that need to be discussed, and we want to ensure with your feedback that the consultation is presented in the best way to encourage frank and constructive conversation.

Please visit [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|the consultation draft on Meta-wiki]] and leave your comments on the draft’s talk page about what the consultation should look like and what questions it should ask. 

Thank you for your input! -- The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety|Trust &amp; Safety team]] ༠༨:༠༣, ༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༩ (UTC)
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== New tools and IP masking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hey everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling.

We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment.

You can post in your language if you can't write in English.
[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ༡༤:༡༨, ༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༩ (UTC)
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== The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Hello, 

In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to &quot;re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)&quot;.

Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. 

How can you help?

* Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset);

* Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or

* Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans.

We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation!

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] ༡༧:༡༤, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༩ (UTC)
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== Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. The Readers Web team at the WMF will work on some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|improvements to the desktop interface]] over the next couple of years. The goal is to increase usability without removing any functionality. We have been inspired by changes made by volunteers, but that currently only exist as local gadgets and user scripts, prototypes, and volunteer-led skins. We would like to begin the process of bringing some of these changes into the default experience on all Wikimedia projects. 

We are currently in the research stage of this project and are looking for ideas for improvements, as well as feedback on our current ideas and mockups.  So far, we have performed interviews with community members at Wikimania. We have gathered lists of previous volunteer and WMF work in this area. We are examining possible technical approaches for such changes.  

We would like individual feedback on the following:

* Identifying focus areas for the project we have not yet discovered
* Expanding the list of existing gadgets and user scripts that are related to providing a better desktop experience. If you can think of some of these from your wiki, please let us know
* Feedback on the ideas and mockups we have collected so far

We would also like to gather a list of wikis that would be interested in being test wikis for this project - these wikis would be the first to receive the updates once we’re ready to start building. 

When giving feedback, please consider the following goals of the project:

* Make it easier for readers to focus on the content
* Provide easier access to everyday actions (e.g. search, language switching, editing)
* Put things in logical and useful places
* Increase consistency in the interface with other platforms - mobile web and the apps
* Eliminate clutter
* Plan for future growth

As well as the following constraints:

* Not touching the content - no work will be done in terms of styling templates or to the structure of page contents themselves
* Not removing any functionality - things might move around, but all navigational items and other functionality currently available by default will remain
* No drastic changes to the layout - we're taking an evolutionary approach to the changes and want the site to continue feeling familiar to readers and editors

Please give all feedback (in any language) at [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements]] 

After this round of feedback, we plan on building a prototype of suggested changes based on the feedback we receive. You’ll hear from us again asking for feedback on this prototype.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[mw:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; ༠༧:༡༨, ༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༩ (UTC)
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== Beta feature &quot;Reference Previews&quot; ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page.

Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]].

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ༠༩:༤༧, ༢༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༩ (UTC)
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== Editing News #2 – Mobile editing and talk pages ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

Inside this newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] talks about their work on the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]], on [[mw:Talk pages project|the new talk pages project]], and at [[wikimania:|Wikimania 2019]].

=== Help ===
&lt;strong&gt;What talk page interactions do you remember?&lt;/strong&gt; Is it a story about how someone helped you to learn something new? Is it a story about how someone helped you get involved in a group? Something else?  Whatever your story is, we want to hear it!  

Please tell us a story about how you used a talk page.  &lt;mark&gt;Please share a link to a memorable discussion, or describe it on the &lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V8d91yh8gcg404dj|talk page for this project]]&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/mark&gt;  The team wants your examples.  These examples will help everyone develop a shared understanding of what this project should support and encourage.

=== Talk pages project ===
The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk Pages Consultation]] was a global consultation to define better tools for wiki communication. From February through June 2019, more than 500 volunteers on 20 wikis, across 15 languages and multiple projects, came together with members of the Foundation to create a product direction for a set of discussion tools.  The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 2 report|Phase 2 Report]] of the Talk Page Consultation was published in August. It summarizes the product direction the team has started to work on, which you can read more about here: [[mw:Talk pages project|Talk Page Project project page]]. 

The team needs and wants your help at this early stage.  They are starting to develop the first idea. Please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Getting involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page, if you would like to hear about opportunities to participate.

=== Mobile visual editor ===
The Editing team is trying to make it simpler to edit on mobile devices.  The team is changing the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|visual editor on mobile]]. If you have something to say about editing on a mobile device, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit Cards]] ====
[[File:Edit Cards-before-v3-comparison.png|thumb|486x486px|What happens when you click on a link.  The new Edit Card is bigger and has more options for editing links.]]

* On 3 September, the Editing team released [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|version 3 of Edit Cards]]. Anyone could use the new version in the mobile visual editor.
* There is an [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|updated design]] on the Edit Card for adding and modifying links.  There is also a new, [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#2 September 2019 - v3 deployment timing|combined workflow for editing a link's display text and target]].
* Feedback: You can try the new Edit Cards by opening the mobile visual editor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[:mw:Topic:V5rg0cqmikpubmjj|Edit cards talk page]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Toolbar]] ====
[[File:Toolbar-comparison-v1.png|thumb|486px|The editing toolbar is changing in the mobile visual editor.  The old system had two different toolbars.  Now, all the buttons are together.  [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Tell the team what you think about the new toolbar]].]]

* In September, the Editing team updated the mobile visual editor's editing toolbar.  Anyone could see these changes in the mobile visual editor.
** &lt;em&gt;One toolbar:&lt;/em&gt; All of the editing tools are located in one toolbar.  Previously, the toolbar changed when you clicked on different things.
**&lt;em&gt;New navigation:&lt;/em&gt; The buttons for moving forward and backward in the edit flow have changed.
**&lt;em&gt;Seamless switching:&lt;/em&gt; an [[phab:T228159|improved workflow]] for switching between the visual and wikitext modes.
* Feedback: You can try the refreshed toolbar by opening the mobile VisualEditor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Toolbar feedback talk page]].

=== Wikimania ===
The Editing Team attended [[wmania:2019:Program|Wikimania 2019]] in Sweden.  They led a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|the mobile visual editor]] and a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/After Flow: A new direction for improving talk pages|the new talk pages project]].  They tested [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh#v1 prototype|two]] new [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#v3 prototype|features]] in the mobile visual editor with contributors.  You can read more about what the team did and learned in [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#Wikimania Stockholm: Overview|the team's report on Wikimania 2019]].

=== Looking ahead ===

* &lt;strong&gt;Talk Pages Project:&lt;/strong&gt; The team is thinking about the first set of proposed changes.  The team will be working with a few communities to pilot those changes. The best way to stay informed is by adding your username to the list on the project page: [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;Getting involved&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Testing the mobile visual editor as the default:&lt;/strong&gt;  The Editing team plans to post results before the end of the calendar year. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|&lt;strong&gt;VisualEditor as mobile default project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Measuring the impact of Edit Cards:&lt;/strong&gt;  This study asks whether the project helped editors add links and citations.  The Editing team hopes to share results in November.  The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|&lt;strong&gt;Edit Cards project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].

– [[User:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; ༡༡:༡༢, ༢༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༩ (UTC)
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== Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project ==

Hello

The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement.

To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating!

-- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) ༡༩:༠༡, ༢༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
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== Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages ==

''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' 

You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment.  We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] ༡༤:༡༤, ༢༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
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== Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools ==

&lt;div clasis=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]]

The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]].  The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.  This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. 

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]]

The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now.  This early version can sign and indent comments automatically.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].&lt;/strong&gt;  

*On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias:  [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]].  If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]].
*The team is planning some upcoming changes.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.&lt;/strong&gt;  The team will test features such as:
**an easy way to mention another editor (&quot;pinging&quot;), 
**a rich-text visual editing option, and 
**other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors.  

To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Get involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]].

– [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; ༡༩:༢༤, ༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
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==Urgent Help==
Please help us translate the text (in bold) to your language '''Join WPWP Campaign to improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win a prize'''. Thanks for your help. [[User:T Cells|T Cells]] ([[User talk:T Cells|talk]]) ༡༠:༤༩, ༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)

== Editing news 2020 #2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar.  [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]]

This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|&lt;strong&gt;Reply tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias).  The Beta Feature is called &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot;.  The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon.  The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt;. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now.  Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|&lt;strong&gt;New requirements for user signatures&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable.  Most editors will not be affected.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|&lt;strong&gt;New discussion tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions.   You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|&lt;strong&gt;Research on the use of talk pages&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles.  We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. 

– [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; ༢༠:༣༢, ༡༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
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== Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos ==

[[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]]
This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020.

The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign.

With kind regards,

Thank you,

Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - ༠༨:༢༤, ༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)

''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community''
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== Feedback on movement names ==

{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented.

Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. 

Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki.

Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], ༡༩:༤༤, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)

''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].''
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== Editing news 2020 #3 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=A gold star with a blue ribbon, and the text 50m|More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.|400px]]

Seven years ago this month, the [[mw:Editing team|Editing team]] offered the visual editor to most Wikipedia editors.  Since then, editors have achieved many milestones:

* More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.
* More than &lt;strong&gt;2 million new articles&lt;/strong&gt; have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019.
* The visual editor is &lt;strong&gt;increasingly popular&lt;/strong&gt;.  The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction.
* In 2019, &lt;strong&gt;35% of the edits by newcomers&lt;/strong&gt; (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has &lt;strong&gt;increased every year&lt;/strong&gt;.
* Almost &lt;strong&gt;5 million edits on the mobile site&lt;/strong&gt; have been made with the visual editor.  Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018.
* On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 &lt;strong&gt;first edit from outer space&lt;/strong&gt;] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀
* Editors have made more than &lt;strong&gt;7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor&lt;/strong&gt;, including starting &lt;strong&gt;600,000 new articles&lt;/strong&gt; in it.  The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode.  You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]].

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])

&lt;/div&gt; ༡༢:༥༥, ༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
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== Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hi all,

It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new.

This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 &lt;ref&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]&lt;/ref&gt; after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world.

The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language.

As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation &lt;ref&gt;[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams.

It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project.

We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions.

There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list &lt;ref&gt;[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path.

Yours,

Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) 

&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] ༢༠:༠༦, ༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' &lt;/small&gt;
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== The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC): we want to hear from you. ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following message may be available on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Message to small and medium sized wikis|Meta]]. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''&lt;br&gt;

At times, our contributor communities and projects have suffered from a lack of guidelines that can help us create an environment where free knowledge can be shared safely without fear. 
There has been talk about the need for a global set of conduct rules in different communities over time. 

Recently, the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees announced a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/May_2020_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Healthy_Community_Culture,_Inclusivity,_and_Safe_Spaces|Community Culture Statement]], asking for new standards to address harassment and promote inclusivity across projects.

The universal code of conduct will be a binding minimum set of standards across all Wikimedia projects, and will apply to all of us, staff and volunteers alike, all around the globe. It is of great importance that we all participate in expressing our opinions and thoughts about UCoC and its values. We should think about what we want it to cover or include and what it shouldn’t include, and how it may create difficulties or help our groups. 

This is the time to talk about it. Before starting drafting the code of conduct, we would like to hear from you and to solicit the opinions and feedback of your colleagues. 
In order for your voice to be heard, we encourage and invite you to read more about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct|the universal code of conduct (UCoC)]] and then write down your opinions or feedback [[:m:Talk:Universal_Code_of_Conduct|on the discussion page]].  

To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcome to translate [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct&amp;language=en&amp;action=page&amp;filter= the universal code of conduct main page] from English into your respective local language. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. 

Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]] ༡༦:༤༢, ༢༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. 
How does it work? 

Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link &quot;Move file to Wikimedia Commons&quot; on the local file page. 

Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. 

Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. 

If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: &lt;/div&gt;[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] ༠༩:༡༣, ༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
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== Important: maintenance operation on September 1st ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|{{int:please-translate}}]]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data centre on '''Tuesday, September 1st 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, September 1st. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday September 2).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' 
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt; ༡༣:༤༨, ༢༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Now Available (September 2020) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/101/ Al Manhal]''' – Arabic journals and ebooks
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/102/ Ancestry.com]''' – Genealogical and historical records
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/100/ RILM]''' – Music encyclopedias

Many other partnerships are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/49/ Adam Matthew], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR].

A significant portion of our collection now no longer requires individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ recent blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] ༠༩:༤༩, ༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Invitation to participate in the conversation ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020.

The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved?

Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. 

To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages.

To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta.

Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], ༡༧:༥༥, ༡༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Wiki of functions naming contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Please-translate}}.

{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations.

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; ༢༡:༡༩, ༢༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
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== Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) ༡༧:༡༧, ༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Important: maintenance operation on October 27 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; -- &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;  ༡༧:༡༠, ༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
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== Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}.
Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; ༢༢:༡༠, ༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
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== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Invitation|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]''' is now open!
This survey is the process where communities decide what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] team should work on over the next year. We encourage everyone to submit proposals until the deadline on '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', or comment on other proposals to help make them better.
The communities will vote on the proposals between {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} and {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors.
You can write proposals in any language, and we will translate them for you. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing your proposals!
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

༡༨:༠༩, ༢༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
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== Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!''

As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article.

Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki.

This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond.

Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015.

If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks!

[[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] ༡༤:༣༩, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello all,

The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools!

You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] ༡༠:༥༥, ༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Community Wishlist Survey 2021 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
'''We invite all registered users to vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. You can vote from now until {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|en}} for as many different wishes as you want.'''

In the Survey, wishes for new and improved tools for experienced editors are collected. After the voting, we will do our best to grant your wishes. We will start with the most popular ones.

We, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], are one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] teams. We create and improve editing and wiki moderation tools. What we work on is decided based on results of the Community Wishlist Survey. Once a year, you can submit wishes. After two weeks, you can vote on the ones that you're most interested in. Next, we choose wishes from the survey to work on. Some of the wishes may be granted by volunteer developers or other teams.

'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Tracking|You can view and vote all proposals here.]]'''

We are waiting for your votes. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]

༠༠:༥༢, ༡༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC)
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== Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]]

''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

[[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning
process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. 

''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', ༡༥:༡༥, ༢༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC) 
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Project Grant Open Call ==

This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.&lt;br&gt; This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.&lt;br&gt;

For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building.  We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:&lt;br&gt;

* Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal:
* [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application&lt;br&gt;
* General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants &lt;br&gt;
* [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]&lt;br&gt;

Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.&lt;br&gt;

We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!&lt;br&gt;

Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༠༨:༠༡, ༢༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now (February 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up to access research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/103/ Taxmann]''' – Taxation and law database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/104/ PNAS]''' – Official journal of the National Academy of Sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO]''' – New Arabic and Spanish language databases added

We have a wide array of [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ other collections available], and a significant number now no longer require individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
--༡༢:༥༧, ༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Feminism &amp; Folklore 1 February - 31 March ==

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{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! 

You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. 

You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. 

Feminism and Folklore team,

[[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) ༠༢:༤༠, ༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)

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== Wikifunctions logo contest ==

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{{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; ༠༡:༤༧, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct – 2021 consultations ==

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=== Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 ===

{{int:please-translate}}

The [[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] provides a universal baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire Wikimedia movement and all its projects. The project is currently in Phase 2, outlining clear enforcement pathways. You can read more about the whole project on its [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''project page''']].

==== Drafting Committee: Call for applications ====

The Wikimedia Foundation is recruiting volunteers to join a committee to draft how to make the code enforceable. Volunteers on the committee will commit between 2 and 6 hours per week from late April through July and again in October and November. It is important that the committee be diverse and inclusive, and have a range of experiences, including both experienced users and newcomers, and those who have received or responded to, as well as those who have been falsely accused of harassment.

To apply and learn more about the process, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee]].

==== 2021 community consultations: Notice and call for volunteers / translators ====

From 5 April – 5 May 2021 there will be conversations on many Wikimedia projects about how to enforce the UCoC. We are looking for volunteers to translate key material, as well as to help host consultations on their own languages or projects using suggested [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. If you are interested in volunteering for either of these roles, please [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] in whatever language you are most comfortable.

To learn more about this work and other conversations taking place, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations]].

-- [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Xeno (WMF)|talk]]) ༢༡:༥༧, ༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Line numbering coming soon to all wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

[[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]]
From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. 

More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ༡༥:༠༨, ༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Suggested Values ==

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From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones.

More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]].

&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] ༡༤:༠༨, ༢༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 ==

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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 1, June 2021'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC.

Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]].

You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;
* '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]])
* '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]])
* '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]])
* '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]])
* '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༢༣:༠༥, ༡༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Wikimania 2021: Individual Program Submissions ==

[[File:Wikimania logo with text 2.svg|right|200px]]
Dear all,

Wikimania 2021 will be [[:wikimania:2021:Save the date and the Core Organizing Team|hosted virtually]] for the first time in the event's 15-year history. Since there is no in-person host, the event is being organized by a diverse group of Wikimedia volunteers that form the [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers|Core Organizing Team]] (COT) for Wikimania 2021.

'''Event Program''' - Individuals or a group of individuals can submit their session proposals to be a part of the program. There will be translation support for sessions provided in a number of languages. See more information [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines#Language Accessibility|here]].

Below are some links to guide you through;
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions|Program Submissions]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines|Session Submission Guidelines]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:FAQ|FAQ]]

Please note that the deadline for submission is 18th June 2021. 

'''Announcements'''- To keep up to date with the developments around Wikimania, the COT sends out weekly updates. You can view them in the Announcement section [[:wikimania:2021:Announcements|here]]. 

'''Office Hour''' - If you are left with questions, the COT will be hosting some office hours (in multiple languages), in multiple time-zones, to answer any programming questions that you might have.  Details can be found [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers#Office hours schedule|here.]]

Best regards,

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༠༤:༡༨, ༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)

On behalf of Wikimania 2021 Core Organizing Team
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== Editing news 2021 #2 ==

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&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=Junior contributors comment completion rate across all participating Wikipedias|thumb|296x296px|When newcomers had the Reply tool and tried to post on a talk page, they were more successful at posting a comment. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])]]

Earlier this year, the Editing team ran a large study of [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply Tool]].  The main goal was to find out whether the Reply Tool helped [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary|newer editors]] communicate on wiki.  The second goal was to see whether the comments that newer editors made using the tool needed to be reverted more frequently than comments newer editors made with the existing wikitext page editor.

The key results were:

* Newer editors who had automatic (&quot;default on&quot;) access to the Reply tool were [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ more likely] to post a comment on a talk page.
* The comments that newer editors made with the Reply Tool were also [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ less likely] to be reverted than the comments that newer editors made with page editing.

These results give the Editing team confidence that the tool is helpful.

&lt;strong&gt;Looking ahead&lt;/strong&gt;

The team is planning to make the Reply tool available to everyone as an opt-out preference in the coming months.  This has already happened at the Arabic, Czech, and Hungarian Wikipedias.

The next step is to [[phab:T280599|resolve a technical challenge]]. Then, they will deploy the Reply tool first to the [[phab:T267379|Wikipedias that participated in the study]].  After that, they will deploy it, in stages, to the other Wikipedias and all WMF-hosted wikis.

You can turn on &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|in Beta Features]] now.  After you get the Reply tool, you can change your preferences at any time in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].

–[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; ༡༤:༡༣, ༢༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. &lt;!--

 They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --&gt;

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST,  23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of June 28.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ༠༡:༡༩, ༢༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021 ==

[[File:Wikiloveswomen logo.svg|right|frameless]]

'''Wiki Loves Women South Asia''' is back with the 2021 edition. Join us to minify gender gaps and enrich Wikipedia with more diversity. Happening from 1 September - 30 September, [[:m:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|Wiki Loves Women South Asia]] welcomes the articles created on gender gap theme. This year we will focus on women's empowerment and gender discrimination related topics.

We warmly invite you to help organize or participate in the competition in your community. You can learn more about the scope and the prizes at the [[:m:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|project page]].

Best wishes,&lt;br&gt;
[[:m:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|Wiki Loves Women Team]]&lt;br&gt;༡༠:༤༢, ༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library collections and design update (August 2021) ==

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Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says log in today!]]
[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/ The Wikipedia Library] is pleased to announce the addition of new collections, alongside a new interface design. New collections include:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/107/ Cabells]''' – Scholarly and predatory journal database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/108/ Taaghche]''' -  Persian language e-books
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/112/ Merkur]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/111/ Musik &amp; Ästhetik]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/110/ Psychologie, Psychotherapie, Psychoanalyse]''' - German language magazines and journals published by Klett-Cotta
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/117/ Art Archiv]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/113/ Capital]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/115/ Geo]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/116/ Geo Epoche]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/114/ Stern]''' - German language newspapers and magazines published by Gruner + Jahr

Additionally, '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/105/ De Gruyter]''' and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/106/ Nomos]''' have been centralised from their previous on-wiki signup location on the German Wikipedia. Many other collections are freely available by simply logging in to [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ The Wikipedia Library] with your Wikimedia login!

We are also excited to announce that the first version of a new design for My Library was deployed this week. We will be iterating on this design with more features over the coming weeks. Read more on the [[:m:Library Card platform/Design improvements|project page on Meta]].

Lastly, an Echo notification will begin rolling out soon to notify eligible editors about the library ([[Phab:T132084|T132084]]). If you can translate the notification please do so [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-thewikipedialibrary at TranslateWiki]!

--The Wikipedia Library Team ༡༣:༢༣, ༡༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Invitation for Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021 ==

&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''September 1 - September 30, 2021'''&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10px;color:red&quot;&gt;''view details!''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;
----[[File:Wiki Loves Women South Asia.svg|right|frameless]]'''Wiki Loves Women South Asia''' is back with the 2021 edition. Join us to minify gender gaps and enrich Wikipedia with more diversity. Happening from 1 September - 30 September, [[metawiki:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|Wiki Loves Women South Asia]] welcomes the articles created on gender gap theme. This year we will focus on women's empowerment and gender discrimination related topics.&lt;br&gt;
We are proud to announce and invite you and your community to participate in the competition. You can learn more about the scope and the prizes at the [[metawiki:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|''project page'']].&lt;br&gt;
Best wishes,&lt;br&gt;
[[m:Wiki Loves Women South Asia 2021|Wiki Loves Women Team]] &lt;/div&gt;༡༨:༣༩, ༡༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot;/&gt;The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 drafting committee]] would like comments about the '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines]]''' for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC). This review period is planned for 17 August 2021 through 17 October 2021.

These guidelines are not final but you can help move the progress forward. The committee will revise the guidelines based upon community input.

Comments can be shared in any language on the [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|draft review talk page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|multiple other venues]]. Community members are encouraged to organize conversations in their communities.

There are planned live discussions about the UCoC enforcement draft guidelines: 

:[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Wikimania 2021 session]] (recorded 16 August)
:[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Conversation hours]] - 24 August, 31 August, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC &amp; 14:00 UTC
:[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Roundtable calls]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC &amp; 15:00 UTC

Summaries of discussions will be posted every two weeks [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|here]].

Please let me know if you have any questions.&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ༢༣:༡༩, ༡༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election has come to an end ==

Thank you for participating in the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]! Voting closed August 31 at 23:59. The official data, including the four most voted candidates, will be announced as soon as the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] completes their review of the ballots. The official announcement of the new trustees appointed will happen later, once the selected candidates have been confirmed by the Board.

6,946 community members from 216 wiki projects have voted. This makes 10.2% global participation, 1.1% higher than in the last Board elections. In 2017, 5167 people from 202 wiki projects cast their vote. A full analysis is planned to be published in a few days when the confirmed results are announced. In the meantime, you can check the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Stats|data produced during the election]].

Diversity was an important goal with these elections. Messages about the Board election were translated into 61 languages. This outreach worked well. There were 70 communities with eligible voters voting in this election for the first time. With your help, next year’s Board of Trustees election will be even better.

༡༠:༠༣, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello everyone,

We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well.

Summary:

&lt;div style=&quot;font-style:italic;&quot;&gt;
We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]].
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year ===

In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published.

However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]].

We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist.

=== Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities ===

We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes.

=== A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet ===

We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe.

We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon!

=== Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase ===

If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes!

=== Feedback ===
* What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages?
* How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]]
* What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022?
* What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022?

Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings.
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) ༠༠:༢༣, ༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021.

The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation.

English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months.

We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]:

* Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) 
* Are ready to find compromises. 
* Focus on inclusion and diversity. 
* Have knowledge of community consultations. 
* Have intercultural communication experience. 
* Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. 
* Have experience negotiating with different parties. 

The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place.

Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ༡༧:༠༡, ༡༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) ༠༠:༤༥, ༡༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Talk to the Community Tech ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]]

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

Hello!

As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join'''].

'''Agenda'''

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022
* Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes
* Questions and answers

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting.

'''Invitation link'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online]
* Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390
* One tap mobile
** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York)
** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose)
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location]

See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) ༠༣:༠༣, ༡༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter ==

Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[User:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[User talk:Dušan Kreheľ|talk]]) ༢༢:༡༢, ༢༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)

== Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021|{{int:otherlanguages}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open. In total, 70 Wikimedians from around the world are running for 7 seats in these elections.

'''Voting is open from October 12 to October 24, 2021.'''

The committee will consist of 15 members in total: The online communities vote for 7 members, 6 members will be selected by the Wikimedia affiliates through a parallel process, and 2 members will be appointed by the Wikimedia Foundation. The plan is to assemble the committee by November 1, 2021.

Learn about each candidate to inform your vote in the language that you prefer: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates&gt;

Learn about the Drafting Committee: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee&gt;

We are piloting a voting advice application for this election. Click yourself through the tool and you will see which candidate is closest to you! Check at &lt;https://mcdc-election-compass.toolforge.org/&gt;

Read the full announcement: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

'''Go vote at SecurePoll on:''' &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

Best,

Movement Strategy &amp; Governance Team, Wikimedia Foundation
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ༠༢:༢༥, ༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Learn how Movement Strategy Implementation Grants can support your Movement Strategy plans ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy Implementation grants now provide more than $2,000 USD to put Movement Strategy plans into action. Find out more about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation grants, the criteria, and how to apply]].&lt;section end=&quot;annoumcent-content&quot;/&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)#top|talk]]) 13:30, 29 October 2021 (UTC)
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== Meet the new Movement Charter Drafting Committee members ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
The Movement Charter Drafting Committee election and selection processes are complete.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|election results have been published]]. 1018 participants voted to elect seven members to the committee: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|affiliate process]] has selected six members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''.
* The Wikimedia Foundation has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|appointed]] two members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''.

The committee will convene soon to start its work. The committee can appoint up to three more members to bridge diversity and expertise gaps.

If you are interested in engaging with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] drafting process, follow the updates [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|on Meta]] and join the [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf Telegram group].

With thanks from the Movement Strategy and Governance team&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;

༡༥:༥༣, ༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content /&gt;
:''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees is preparing a call for feedback about the upcoming Board Elections, from January 7 - February 10, 2022.

While details will be finalized the week before the call, we have confirmed at least two questions that will be asked during this call for feedback:

* What is the best way to ensure fair representation of emerging communities among the Board?

* What involvement should candidates have during the election?

While additional questions may be added, the Movement Strategy and Governance team wants to provide time for community members and affiliates to consider and prepare ideas on the confirmed questions before the call opens. We apologize for not having a complete list of questions at this time. The list of questions should only grow by one or two questions. The intention is to not overwhelm the community with requests, but provide notice and welcome feedback on these important questions.

'''Do you want to help organize local conversation during this Call?'''

Contact the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] on Meta, on [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], or via email at msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org.

Reach out if you have any questions or concerns. The Movement Strategy and Governance team will be minimally staffed until January 3. Please excuse any delayed response during this time. We also recognize some community members and affiliates are offline during the December holidays. We apologize if our message has reached you while you are on holiday.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:thank-you}} [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ༡༧:༥༦, ༢༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]].

You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... 

Thank you.

'''Feminism and Folklore Team''',

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]
--༠༥:༤༩, ༡༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections/Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections is now open/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Call for Feedback: Board of Trustees elections is now open and will close on 7 February 2022. 

With this Call for Feedback, the Movement Strategy and Governance team is taking a different approach. This approach incorporates community feedback from 2021. Instead of leading with proposals, the Call is framed around key questions from the Board of Trustees. The key questions came from the feedback about the 2021 Board of Trustees election. The intention is to inspire collective conversation and collaborative proposal development about these key questions.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback: Board of Trustees elections|Join the conversation.]]

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ༠༡:༠༤, ༡༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 5 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 5, January 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the fifth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News (formerly known as Universal Code of Conduct News)! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly or bi-weekly to subscribers. Please remember to subscribe [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive these updates.
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Call for Feedback about the Board elections''' - We invite you to give your feedback on the upcoming WMF Board of Trustees election. This call for feedback went live on 10th January 2022 and will be concluded on 16th February 2022. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Call for Feedback about the Board elections|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification''' - In 2021, the WMF asked communities about how to enforce the Universal Code of Conduct policy text. The revised draft of the enforcement guidelines should be ready for community vote in March. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Universal Code of Conduct Ratification|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Implementation Grants''' - As we continue to review several interesting proposals, we encourage and welcome more proposals and ideas that target a specific initiative from the Movement Strategy recommendations. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Movement Strategy Implementation Grants|continue reading]])
*'''The New Direction for the Newsletter''' - As the UCoC Newsletter transitions into MSG Newsletter, join the facilitation team in envisioning and deciding on the new directions for this newsletter. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#The New Direction for the Newsletter|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about MSG on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ༠༣:༢༧, ༢༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== Updates on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines Review ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees released a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/January 2022 - Board of Trustees on Community ratification of enforcement guidelines of UCoC|statement on the ratification process]] for the '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]]'''.

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The UCoC and the Enforcement Guidelines were written by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|volunteer-staff drafting committees]] following community consultations.

The revised guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. There is a [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Changes|list of changes made]] to the guidelines after the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines review]]. '''Comments about the guidelines can be shared [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on the Enforcement Guidelines talk page on Meta-wiki]].'''

To help to understand the guidelines and process, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team will be hosting Conversation Hours on 4 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC, 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC, and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Conversations|Join the conversation hours to speak with the UCoC project team and drafting committee members about the updated guidelines and voting process]].'''

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Project#Timeline|timeline is available on Meta-wiki]]. The voting period is March 7 to 21. All eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the Enforcement guidelines, and share why. '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|See the voting information page for more details]].'''

Many participants from across the movement have provided valuable input in these ongoing conversations. The UCoC and MSG teams want to thank the Drafting Committee and the community members for their contributions to this process. 

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br/&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ༠༣:༥༥, ༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Task Force: Your feedback is appreciated&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Community Development team at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting the creation of a global, community-driven Leadership Development Task Force. The purpose of the task force is to advise leadership development work.

The team is looking for feedback about the responsibilities of the Leadership Development Task Force. This Meta page shares the proposal for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force|Leadership Development Task Force]] and how [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Participate|you can help.]] Feedback on the proposal will be collected from 7 to 25 February 2022.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ༠༢:༣༥, ༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team,

We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc.

We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language.

Best wishes,

'''International Team'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Folklore'''

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༠༤:༥༠, ༢༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== Coming soon ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Several improvements around templates ===
Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki:
* Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]),
* Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]),
* and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right).

All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. &lt;/div&gt; - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ༡༢:༣༨, ༢༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Remember to Participate in the UCoC Conversations and Ratification Vote!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|'''vote in SecurePoll from 7 to 21 March 2022''']] is scheduled as part of the ratification process for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement guidelines. Eligible voters are invited to answer a poll question and share comments. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|Read voter information and eligibility details.]] During the poll, voters will be asked if they support the enforcement of the Universal Code of Conduct based on the proposed guidelines.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/January_2022_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Community_ratification_of_enforcement_guidelines_of_UCoC|Wikimedia Foundation Board statement]] calls for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|ratification process]] where eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the UCoC Enforcement guidelines in a vote. Wikimedians are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information/Volunteer|translate and share important information]]. For more information about the UCoC, please see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|project page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|frequently asked questions]] on Meta-wiki.

There are events scheduled to learn more and discuss:
* A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations/Panel_Q&amp;A|community panel]] recorded on 18 February 2022 shares perspectives from small- and medium-sized community participants.
* The [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team is hosting Conversation Hours on 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations|'''sign-up''']] to interact with the project team and the drafting committee about the updated enforcement guidelines and the ratification process. See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2022_conversation_hour_summaries|Conversation Hour summaries]] for notes from 4 February 2022 and 25 February 2022.

You can comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact either team by email: msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org or ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance &lt;br /&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation &lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ༠༢:༡༧, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting open from 7 to 21 March 2022&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].

The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|read more about the UCoC project]].

You can also comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact the team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance

Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ༠༠:༥༢, ༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Invitation to Hubs event: Global Conversation on 2022-03-12 at 13:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;Hello! 

The Movement Strategy and Governance team of the Wikimedia Foundation would like to invite you to the next event about &quot;Regional and Thematic Hubs&quot;. The Wikimedia Movement is in the process of understanding what Regional and Thematic Hubs should be. Our workshop in November was a good start ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/27 November Workshop|read the report]]), but we're not finished yet. 

Over the last weeks we conducted about 16 interviews with groups working on establishing a Hub in their context ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Dialogue|see Hubs Dialogue]]). These interviews informed a report that will serve as a foundation for discussion on March 12. The report is planned to be published on March 9.

The event will take place on March 12, 13:00 to 16:00 UTC on Zoom. Interpretation will be provided in French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, and Portuguese. Registration is open, and will close on March 10. Anyone interested in the topic is invited to join us. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022|More information on the event on Meta-wiki]]'''.

Best regards,

[[m:User:KVaidla (WMF)|Kaarel Vaidla]]&lt;br /&gt;Movement Strategy
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

༠༡:༣༡, ༡༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow ==

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. 

([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram])

The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]]

A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on  [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]].

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༡༤:༤༠, ༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Working Group: Apply to join! (14 March to 10 April 2022)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the feedback period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|Leadership Development Working Group]] initiative. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|summary of the feedback]] can be found on Meta-wiki. This feedback will be shared with the working group to inform their work. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and will close on April 10, 2022. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Purpose_and_Structure#3._How_is_the_working_group_formed_and_structured?|review the information about the working group]], share with community members who might be interested, and '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Participate#1._How_to_participate|apply if you are interested]]'''.

Thank you,

From the Community Development team&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]]
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on &lt;b&gt;31 March 2022 11:59 UTC&lt;/b&gt;. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as &lt;i&gt;folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more&lt;/i&gt;

Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. 

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༡༤:༢༨, ༢༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting is now closed&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Greetings,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) came to a close on 21 March 2022. Over {{#expr:2300}} Wikimedians voted across different regions of our movement. Thank you to everyone who participated in this process! The scrutinizing group is now reviewing the vote for accuracy, so please allow up to two weeks for them to finish their work.

The final results from the voting process will be announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|here]], along with the relevant statistics and a summary of comments as soon as they are available. Please check out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|the voter information page]] to learn about the next steps. You can comment on the project talk page [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on Meta-wiki]] in any language. You may also contact the UCoC project team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Best regards,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ༠༡:༥༣, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 6&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 6, April 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----

Welcome to the sixth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board of trustees elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while the more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Leadership Development -''' A Working Group is Forming! - The application to join the Leadership Development Working Group closed on April 10th, 2022, and up to 12 community members will be selected to participate in the working group. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A1|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification Results are out! -''' The global decision process on the enforcement of the UCoC via SecurePoll was held from 7 to 21 March. Over 2,300 eligible voters from at least 128 different home projects submitted their opinions and comments. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A2|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Discussions on Hubs -''' The Global Conversation event on Regional and Thematic Hubs was held on Saturday, March 12, and was attended by 84 diverse Wikimedians from across the movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A3|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Grants Remain Open! -''' Since the start of the year, six proposals with a total value of about $80,000 USD have been approved. Do you have a movement strategy project idea? Reach out to us! ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A4|continue reading]])
*'''The Movement Charter Drafting Committee is All Set! -''' The Committee of fifteen members which was elected in October 2021, has agreed on the essential values and methods for its work, and has started to create the outline of the Movement Charter draft. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A5|continue reading]])
*'''Introducing Movement Strategy Weekly -''' Contribute and Subscribe! - The MSG team have just launched the updates portal, which is connected to the various Movement Strategy pages on Meta-wiki. Subscriber to get  up-to-date news about the various ongoing projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A6|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs -''' Check out the most recent publications about Movement Strategy on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A7|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Also, a draft of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft|'''2022-23 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan''']] has been published. Input is being sought on-wiki and during [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations|'''several conversations''' with Wikimedia Foundation CEO Maryana Iskander]].

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|See full announcement on Meta-wiki]]. [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ༠༡:༤༥, ༢༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research

Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more.

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today!
&lt;br&gt;--The Wikipedia Library Team ༡༣:༡༦, ༢༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Coming soon: Improvements for templates ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--T:11--&gt;
[[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]]
Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon:

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': 
This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]]

In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]]

Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. 

We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages!
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ༡༡:༡༣, ༢༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Editing news 2022 #1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;
[[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|New editors were more successful with this new tool.]]

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|New topic tool]] helps editors create new ==Sections== on discussion pages.  New editors are more successful with this new tool.  You can [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|read the report]].  Soon, the Editing team will offer this to all editors at the 20 Wikipedias that participated in the test.  You will be able to turn it off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ༡༨:༥༤, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== 2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees seeks candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Announcement/Call_for_Candidates|'''Read more on Meta-wiki.''']]

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is here! Please consider submitting your candidacy to serve on the Board of Trustees.

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's operations. Community-and-affiliate selected trustees and Board-appointed trustees make up the Board of Trustees. Each trustee serves a three year term. The Wikimedia community has the opportunity to vote for community-and-affiliate selected trustees.

The Wikimedia community will vote to fill two seats on the Board in 2022. This is an opportunity to improve the representation, diversity, and expertise of the Board as a team.

;Who are potential candidates? Are you a potential candidate? Find out more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Apply to be a Candidate page]].

Thank you for your support, 

Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Elections Committee and the Board of Trustees&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
༡༠:༣༩, ༡༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

We'd like to provide an update on the work on the Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct.  After the conclusion of the community vote on the guidelines in March, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs committee (CAC)]] of the Board [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JAYQN3NYKCHQHONMUONYTI6WRKZFQNSC/ asked that several areas of the guidelines be reviewed for improvements] before the Board does its final review. These areas were identified based on community discussions and comments provided during the vote. The CAC also requested review of the controversial Note in 3.1 of the UCoC itself.

Once more, a big thank you to all who voted, especially to all who left constructive feedback and comments!  The project team is working with the Board to establish a timeline for this work, and will communicate this next month. 

Members of the two prior [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|UCoC Drafting Committees]] have generously offered their time to help shape improvements to the Guidelines. You can read more about them and their work [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions_Committee|here]], as well as read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee/Phase_2_meeting_summaries#2022|summaries of their weekly meetings in 2022]]. 

Wikimedians have provided many valuable comments together with the vote and in other conversations. Given the size and diversity of the Wikimedia community, there are even more voices out there who can give ideas on how to improve the enforcement guidelines and add even more valuable ideas to the process. To help the Revisions committee identify improvements, input on several questions for the committee’s review is requested. Visit the Meta-wiki pages ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Revision_discussions|Enforcement Guidelines revision discussions]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Policy text/Revision_discussions|Policy text revision discussions]]) to get your ideas to the Committee - it is very important that viewpoints are heard from different communities before the Committee begins drafting revision proposals.

On behalf of the UCoC project team &lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ༢༢:༥༦, ༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Hi, Greetings

The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced!

We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]'''

Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project.

We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year.

'''Thank you,'''

'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) ༡༦:༡༢, ༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
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== Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass ==

:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,

Community members in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|propose statements to use in the Election Compass.]]

An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views.

;Here is the timeline for the Election Compass:

* July 8 - 20: Community members propose statements for the Election Compass
* July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements
* July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements
* August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements
* August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements
* August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision

The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August. The Elections Committee will oversee the process, supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance team. MSG will check that the questions are clear, there are no duplicates, no typos, and so on.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|talk]]) ༡༡:༣༤, ༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 7&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 7, July-September 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt; 
----
Welcome to the 7th issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! The newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the implementation of Wikimedia's [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy recommendations]], other relevant topics regarding Movement governance, as well as different projects and activities supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance (MSG) team of the Wikimedia Foundation.  

The MSG Newsletter is delivered quarterly, while the more frequent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|Movement Strategy Weekly]] will be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt; 

* '''Movement sustainability''': Wikimedia Foundation's annual sustainability report has been published. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continue reading]])
* '''Improving user experience''': recent improvements on the desktop interface for Wikimedia projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continue reading]])
* '''Safety and inclusion''': updates on the revision process of the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continue reading]])
* '''Equity in decisionmaking''': reports from Hubs pilots conversations, recent progress from the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, and a new white paper for futures of participation in the Wikimedia movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continue reading]])
* '''Stakeholders coordination''': launch of a helpdesk for Affiliates and volunteer communities working on content partnership. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continue reading]])
* '''Leadership development''': updates on leadership projects by Wikimedia movement organizers in Brazil and Cape Verde. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continue reading]])
* '''Internal knowledge management''': launch of a new portal for technical documentation and community resources. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continue reading]])
* '''Innovate in free knowledge''': high-quality audiovisual resources for scientific experiments and a new toolkit to record oral transcripts. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continue reading]])
* '''Evaluate, iterate, and adapt''': results from the Equity Landscape project pilot ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continue reading]])
* '''Other news and updates''': a new forum to discuss Movement Strategy implementation, upcoming Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, a new podcast to discuss Movement Strategy, and change of personnel for the Foundation's Movement Strategy and Governance team. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continue reading]])
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Thank you for reading! [[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ༠༡:༣༧, ༡༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi everyone,

'''The Affiliate voting process has concluded.''' Representatives from each Affiliate organization learned about the candidates by reading candidates’ statements, reviewing candidates’ answers to questions, and considering the candidates’ ratings provided by the Analysis Committee. The selected 2022 Board of Trustees candidates are:

* Tobechukwu Precious Friday ([[:m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]])
* Farah Jack Mustaklem ([[:m:User:Fjmustak|Fjmustak]])
* Shani Evenstein Sigalov ([[:m:User:Esh77|Esh77]])
* Kunal Mehta ([[:m:User:Legoktm|Legoktm]])
* Michał Buczyński ([[:m:User:Aegis Maelstrom|Aegis Maelstrom]])
* Mike Peel ([[:m:User:Mike Peel|Mike Peel]])

You may see more information about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|Results]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|Statistics]] of this Board election.

Please take a moment to appreciate the Affiliate Representatives and Analysis Committee members for taking part in this process and helping to grow the Board of Trustees in capacity and diversity. These hours of volunteer work connect us across understanding and perspective. Thank you for your participation.

Thank you to the community members who put themselves forward as candidates for the Board of Trustees. Considering joining the Board of Trustees is no small decision. The time and dedication candidates have shown to this point speaks to their commitment to this movement. Congratulations to those candidates who have been selected. A great amount of appreciation and gratitude for those candidates not selected. Please continue to share your leadership with Wikimedia.

Thank you to those who followed the Affiliate process for this Board election. You may review the results of the Affiliate selection process.

'''The next part of the Board election process is the community voting period.''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022#Timeline|You may view the Board election timeline here]]. To prepare for the community voting period, there are several things community members can engage with in the following ways:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Read candidates’ statements]] and read the candidates’ answers to the questions posed by the Affiliate Representatives.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Questions_for_Candidates|Propose and select the 6 questions for candidates to answer during their video Q&amp;A]].
* See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee’s ratings of candidates on each candidate’s statement]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community Voting/Election Compass|Propose statements for the Election Compass]] voters can use to find which candidates best fit their principles.
* Encourage others in your community to take part in the election.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ༡༤:༠༣, ༢༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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== Vote for Election Compass Statements ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,

Volunteers in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass/Statements|vote for statements to use in the Election Compass]]. You can vote for the statements you would like to see included in the Election Compass on Meta-wiki.

An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views.

Here is the timeline for the Election Compass:

*&lt;s&gt;July 8 - 20: Volunteers propose statements for the Election Compass&lt;/s&gt;
*&lt;s&gt;July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements&lt;/s&gt;
*July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements
*August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements
*August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements
*August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision

The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August

Best, 

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ༢༡:༠༡, ༢༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger;&quot;&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད&lt;/span&gt; (National Library of Bhutan)

འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད་དང་ཡིག་རྙིང་གཉེར་འཇོག་ཁང་འདི་ [[བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང]]་དང་ ཀ་ཝང་གྱང་ས་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ བཟོ་རིག་བཅུ་གསུམ་སྤེལ་ཁང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྦུག་ལུ་ ག་ནི་བ་གཟི་བརྗིད་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ ཕྱི་ཁའི་བཟོ་དབྱིབས་ལྷ་ཁང་གི་བཟོ་རྣམ་དང་ ནང་ན་ལུ་རྒྱལ་བའི་གསུང་རབ་ཆེན་མོ་དང་ འབྲུག་པའི་སྔར་སྲོལ་རིག་གཞུང་བཟང་པོའི་ ཕྱག་དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་དེབ་ཚུ་གི་ གང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།།

རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད་འདི་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་མི་དང་ ས་གནས་འདི་ཁར་སྤོ་བཤུད་མ་འབད་བའི་ཧེ་མ་ ག་སྟེ་ལུ་འབད་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་འབདཝ་ཨིན་ན? ཟེར་བའི་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་དོགས་པ་ བསལ་ཐབས་ལུ་ དེའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དུམ་གྲ་ཅིག་ཞུ་བ་ཅིན་ འདི་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༧ ལོ་ལུ་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་ སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱིར་རྒྱལ་བའི་གསུང་རབ་ཚུ་དང་ བྱེ་བྲག་ཏུ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོང་མ་ སྤྲུལ་པའི་བླམ་ཚུ་དང་ མཁས་པ་དགེ་བཤེས་ཚུ་གིས་ བརྩམས་བཞག་མི་སྔར་སྲོལ་རིག་གཞུང་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ འཕྲལ་ཕུག་ཡུན་བརྟན་བཞག་འཐབ་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ ཉམས་པ་གསོར་ཆུད་མཛད་དེ་ བཀའ་བསྟན་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་རིག་གཞུང་གི་ཕྱག་དཔེ་ དུམ་གྲ་ཅིག་མཁོ་བསྒྲུབས་མཛད་ཐོག་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་གི་དབུ་རྩེའི་བར་ཐོག་ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།

དཔེ་མཛོད་རྙིངམ་དེ་ནང་ལུ་ ཕྱག་དཔེ་ཚུ་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་བའི་སྟབས་ཀྱིས་ ས་གནས་དེ་ནང་དཔེ་ཆ་ མ་ཤོང་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་བྱུངམ་ལས་ དེ་སེལ་ཐབས་ལུ་དབུ་རྩེའི་བར་ཐོག་ལས་ གནས་སྐབས་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་ ལྕང་སྒང་ཁ་ལུ་སྤོ་བཤུད་འབད་ནུག སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༤ ལོ་ལུ་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་མཆོག་གིས་སྐྱབས་འཛིན་མཛད་དེ་ ཞིང་གཤེགས་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་བློན་པོའམ་ ནང་སྲིད་བློན་པོ་ གཏམ་ཞིང་རྒྱ་གར་མཆོག་གིས་འགོ་འདྲེན་མཛད་དེ་ ད་ལྟོ་མཐོང་ནི་ཡོད་པའི་ རང་ལུགས་ལྷ་ཁང་གི་བཀོད་རིས་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ དུས་གཏན་ཇག་གི་དཔེ་མཛོད་ཁང་ཐོག་ཚད་བཞི་དང་ལྡན་མི་འདི་ འདི་ཕྱི་ནང་མེད་པར་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་འབད་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་སྟེ་  ལྕང་སྒང་ཁ་ལས་འདི་ཁ་ལུ་ སྤོ་བཤུད་འབད་ནུག།

ད་ལྟོ་ ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད་ནང་ལུ་ ག་ཅི་རང་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་སྨོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ སྟེང་ཐོག་ལུ་ [[འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད]]་ཀྱི་བླ་ཆེན་ཚུག་གིས་མཛད་པའི་ ཕྱག་དཔེ་ཚུ་དང་ སྡེ་དགེ་དང་ཨུར་དགའ། དེ་ལས་དར་ཐང་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ བཀའ་བསྟན་ཆ་ཚང་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཐོག་གཉིས་པའི་ནང་ལུ་ རྙིང་མའི་བླ་ཆེན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་མཛད་པའི་ རྙིང་མ་བརྒྱུད་འབུམ་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་ གཞུང་ཆེན་སོགས་དང་གཞན་ཡང་ གསུང་འབུམ་གྱི་རིགས་ཚུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཐོག་གསུམ་པའི་ནང་ལུ་ བོན་པོ་དང་ དགེ་ལུགས། ཞྭ་ལུ་དང་ས་སྐྱ། ཇོ་ནང་དང་བོ་གདོང་གི་བླ་ཆེན་སོགས་ཀྱིས་མཛད་པའི་ གཞུང་སོགས་དང་ལྷོའི་གཏེར་ལུགས་དང་ དེ་ལས་རྒྱལ་བ་ཀརྨ་པ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་ ༡༦ པ་གིས་ཞལ་འདེབས་སུ་ཕུལ་བའི་ སྡེ་དགེ་བཀའ་འགྱུར་ཆ་ཚང་གཅིག་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ཐོག་ཚད་དང་པའི་ནང་ལུ་ དབྱིན་སྐད་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ དཔེ་དེབ་ཀྱི་རིགས་དང་ མཻཀལ་ཧཝ་ལེ་ (Michel Hawley) གི་སྡེ་ཚན་ཚུ་གིས་བསྡུ་བསྒྲིགས་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ པར་དེབ་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་སྦོམ་ཤོས་གཅིག་ཨིན་མི་དང་ སྤུ་ན་ཁའི་རྫོང་གི་བཟོ་བཀོད་གཅིག་ཡང་ འགྲེམ་སྟོན་གྱི་ཚུལ་དུ་བཞག་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།།

ང་བཅས་རའི་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་ཐུགས་རིག་མཁས་པའི་བཀྲིན་ལས་དང་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་མཆོག་གི་ ཐུགས་སྨོན་ལས་བརྟེན་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད་འདི་ ས་གནས་འདི་ཁར་སྤོ་བཤུད་འབད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཚུར་ དཔེ་མཛོད་ཀྱི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།། ད་ལྟོ་དཔེ་མཛོད་སྒྲིང་ཁྱིམ་གཙོ་བོའི་གཡས་ཁ་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ ཡིག་རྙིང་གཉེར་འཇོང་ཁང་ངམ་ གཏན་མཛོད་ཁང་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༠ ལོ་ལུ་ ཌེན་མརྐ་རྒྱལ་གཞུང་གི་མ་དངུལ་གྱི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་མཛད་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ནང་ དཀོན་དྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་བའི་གསུང་རབ་ཚུ་ ཉེན་སྲུང་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ མ་འོངས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོངས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༤ ལུ་ བསྒྲུབས་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ སྒྲིང་ཁྱིམ་འདི་ནང་ལུ་མེ་རྐྱེན་གྱི་ཉེན་བརྡ་དང་ བསིལ་དྲོད་ཚན་མཉམ་བཟོ་ནིའི་ དེང་སང་གི་འཕྲུལ་ཆའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་དཔེ་མཛོད་ཀྱི་གཡོན་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ བདག་སྐྱོང་གི་སྒྲིང་ཁྱིམ་གསརཔ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༥ ལོ་ལུ་ རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་གིས་མ་དངུལ་གྱི་གྲོགས་ གནང་ཐོག་ལས་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ ལོ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཁམ་ལུ་ བསྒྲུབས་ཚར་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།།

ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད་ཀྱི་དམིགས་དོན་གཙོ་བོ་རང་་་&lt;br&gt; 
*འབྲུག་པའི་སྔོན་དང་ཕུགས་ཀྱི་ ཆོས་ལུགས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ རིག་གཞུང་དང་རྒྱལ་རབས་ཅན་གྱི་ཕྱག་དཔེ་ མཁོ་བསྒྲུབ་འབད་ནི་དང་ ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ཚུ་ མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་ནི།&lt;br&gt;
*ཤེས་ཡོན་འཕྲོ་མཐུད་བལྟ་མི་ཚུ་དང་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་ མཐུན་རྐྱེན་མཁོ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི།&lt;br&gt;
*དཀོན་དྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་ཕྱག་དཔེ་རྙིངམ་ཚུ་དང་ པར་མ་དང་བྲིས་མའི་ཕྱག་དཔེ་ཚུ་ཉེན་སྲུང་དང་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་ནི།&lt;br&gt;
*སྔར་སྲོལ་ཁ་རྒྱུན་ལས་བརྒྱུད་པའི་སྲུང་ཚུ་དང་ རིག་གཞུང་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཡིག་ཆ་ཚུ་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་འབད་དེ་ཐོ་བཀོད་བརྐྱབ་ནི།&lt;br&gt;
*སྔར་སྲོལ་རིག་གཞུང་གི་ཕྱག་དཔེ་དང་ བརྗོད་དོན་མཚུངས་པའི་ཕྱག་དཔེ་ཚུ་པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་ནི་དང་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན།།&lt;br&gt; 


* [[ཐིམ་ཕུུུུ]]

==འབྲེལ་མཐུད== 
* [http://www.library.gov.bt/index-DZ.html འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད་ གདོང་ཤོག]
้่ว่่นา้ส่
[[Category:ཐིམ་ཕུ]]
[[Category:རྫོང]]</text>
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[[Image:Trashigang_town-Bhutan-2008-01-02.jpg|right|thumb|250px| བཀྲིས་སྒང་]]

'''བཀྲིས་སྒང་'''      གྲོང་􀮣 [[བཀྲིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག]]

[[Category:གྲོང་􀮣 འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]


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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 256 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1859]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2339" xml:space="preserve">ཡེ་ཤུའི་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་ཅིག་ཡིན་ནམ་དང་ ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༡༧ ལ་ རྒྱ་ནག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ བེ་ཇིང་ལུ་བཞེངས་ནུག། ད་རེས་ནངས་པར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༤༥ དང་གླིང་ཆེན་ ༦ གི་ནང་ལུ་ འཐུས་མི་ས་ཡ་ ༡.༥ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༢༠ པའི་སྔ་གོང་ལས་བྱུང་བའི་ཡེ་ཤུའི་པེན་ཊི་ཀོསི་ཊཱལ་ཡན་ལག་གི་གྱལ་ཁར་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཚུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༩ ལུ་ རྒྱ་ནག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ དམངས་སྙོམས་རིམ་ལུགས་ཀྱིས་མ་དབང་བའི་སྐབས་ལས་ བྱུང་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱ་ནག་རང་ཡུལ་ཡེ་ཤུའི་ལྷ་ཁང་གསུམ་གྱི་གྲས་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིན། ཁོང་ཚོའི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་འདི་ ཡེ་ཤུ་གཉིས་པ་མ་འབྱུང་བའི་སྔོན་མ་ལས་ མི་དམངས་ཡོངས་ལ་ ཡེ་ཤུའི་གསུང་རབ་བཤད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་པས།
ཡེ་ཤུའི་གྲུབ་མཐའ་གཙོ་བོ་ ༡༠ ཡོད་མི་དེ་ཡང་: &lt;br /&gt;
༡. སེམས་གསོ། &lt;br /&gt;
༢. ཡེ་ཤུའི་ཁྲུས་དབང་། &lt;br /&gt;
༣. རྐངམ་འཁྱུ་ནི། &lt;br /&gt;
༤. འདྲིས་མཐུན། &lt;br /&gt;
༥. བདུན་ཕྲག་དུས་བཟང་ངལ་གསོ། &lt;br /&gt;
༦. ཡེ་ཤུ། &lt;br /&gt;
༧. ཡེ་ཤུའི་གསུང་དེབ། &lt;br /&gt;
༨. ཐར་པ། &lt;br /&gt;
༩. ཡེ་ཤུའི་ལྷ་ཁང་། &lt;br /&gt;
༡༠. མཐའ་མའི་བཀའ་ཆད། &lt;br /&gt;

[[Category:ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ལས]]</text>
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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''{{PAGENAME}}'''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br /&gt;''Uetersen''
|-
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|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Uetersen Wappen.png|100px]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Lage des Kreises Pinneberg in Deutschland.png|thumb|100px|ཨེུཏེརསེན ཇཱར་མ་ནི་]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Uetersen Stadtwerkehaus.jpg|center|250px]]
|}


'''ཨུ་ཏེར་སེན''' (ཨུ་ཏེར་སེན), [[ཇཱར་མ་ནི་]]


{{stub}}

[[Category:གྲོང་􀮣]]
[[Category:ཇཱར་མ་ནི་]]</text>
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  <page>
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        <id>3077</id>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4994060]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1083" xml:space="preserve">* [[Special:Statistics]]

* [http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesArticlesTotal.htm Wikipedia statistics]
** [http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/TablesWikipediaDZ.htm dz.wikipedia statistics – tables]
** [http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/ChartsWikipediaDZ.htm dz.wikipedia statistics – charts]
* [http://www.wikistatistics.net/wikimedia Wikipedia Interactive Statistics]
** [http://www.wikistatistics.net/data/full/sites/wiki/dz.csv dz.wikipedia statistics – tables]
** [http://www.wikistatistics.net/wiki/dz dz.wikipedia statistics – charts]


* &lt;u&gt;THEwikiStics&lt;/u&gt;: [http://wikistics.falsikon.de/latest/wikipedia/dz/ Page Hits toplist] &lt;small&gt;(compare [http://wikistics.falsikon.de/latest/ traffic] | [http://wikistics.falsikon.de/latest/searches.htm searches])&lt;/small&gt;


* [http://technorati.com/search/dz.wikipedia.org Technorati]

* [http://www.attentionmeter.com/?d1=dz.wikipedia.org AttentionMeter]

* [http://popuri.us/?u=http%3A%2F%2Fdz.wikipedia.org popuri.us]&lt;!-- or: socialmeter.com --&gt;

* [http://toolbar.netcraft.com/site_report?url=dz.wikipedia.org Netcraft statistics]</text>
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{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
|
[[File:Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg|right|100px|རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ ལས་རྟགས།]]
[[File:Flag_of_Bhutan.svg|left|150px|རྒྱལ་དར།]]
&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-size:1.56em&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;རྫོང་ཁའི་ཝི་ཀི་རིག་མཛོད་ལུ་བྱོན་པ་ལེགས་སོ།&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;མི་རྣམས་ཀུན་གྱིས་རྩོམ་བྲིས་གནང་བཏུབ་པའི་ རིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་པོ།&lt;/div&gt;
|}

&lt;!-- To create new articles --&gt;
{|
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&lt;!-- Bhutan --&gt;
{|
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&lt;div style=&quot;background-color:#0AFFFF; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0.2em 0.5em; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.5em; overflow: visible; font-weight: bold; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; margin: 0px 8px -8px 0px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Flag_of_Bhutan.svg|46px|middle]]&lt;/div&gt; འབྲུག། &lt;/div&gt; 
[[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[སྐུ་འཁོར་གྱི་རྒྱུད་པ།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[འབྲུག་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[རྫོང་ཁ་]]&amp;nbsp; [[དངུལ་ཀྲམ་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[རྒྱལ་པོ་འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་གསར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་པྱུག་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[འབྲུག་ཙན་དན་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[སྤུ་ན་ཁ་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[གསར་སྤང་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[སྤ་རོ་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[བཀྲིས་སྒང་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཏ་ག་རྫོང་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཀྲོང་གསར་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[རྟ་མགོ]]&amp;nbsp;-
|}

&lt;!-- Dzongkhags --&gt;
{|
&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #a7d7f9; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em; vertical-align:top; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 0.8em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.8em; border-radius: 0.8em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color:#0AFFFF; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0.2em 0.5em; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.5em; overflow: visible; font-weight: bold; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; margin: 0px 8px -8px 0px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Bhutan districts dzongkha.png|46px|middle]] &lt;/div&gt; འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ། &lt;/div&gt;
[[ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[བཀྲིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[མགར་ས་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག]]་&amp;nbsp;· [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[པདྨ་དགའ་ཚལ་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;·  [[བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[རྩི་རང་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[གཞལ་ལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;·  [[གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[བསམ་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[ཧཱ་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;· [[ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]]&amp;nbsp;
|}

&lt;!-- Languages --&gt;
{|
&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #a7d7f9; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em; vertical-align:top; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 0.8em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.8em; border-radius: 0.8em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color:#0AFFFF; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0.2em 0.5em; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.5em; overflow: visible; font-weight: bold; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; margin: -5px 8px -8px 0px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.png|42px|middle]] &lt;/div&gt; སྐད་རིགས། &lt;/div&gt;
[[ཨིང་ལིཤ]]&amp;nbsp;- [[བོད་སྐད།]]་&amp;nbsp;- [[ཨུ་རུ་སུའི་སྐད།]]་&amp;nbsp;- [[རྒྱ་སྐད]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཧྥུ་རན་སིའི་སྐད་]]&amp;nbsp;-[[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡའི་སྐད་]]&amp;nbsp;-[[གསེར་ལྡན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྐད]]&amp;nbsp;-
|}
&lt;!-- Religion --&gt;
{|
&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #a7d7f9; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em; vertical-align:top; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 0.8em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.8em; border-radius: 0.8em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color:#0AFFFF; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0.2em 0.5em; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.5em; overflow: visible; font-weight: bold; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; margin: -5px 8px -8px 0px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Dharma_Wheel.svg|42px|middle]] &lt;/div&gt; ཆོས། &lt;/div&gt;
[[སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ]]།&lt;!--Buddhism--&gt;&amp;nbsp;· [[བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་པ།]]&amp;nbsp;·་[[འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད།|	འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་པ།]]&amp;nbsp;· [[སྔ་འགྱུར་རྙིང་མ་བ།]]&amp;nbsp;· [[ས་སྐྱ་པ]]&amp;nbsp;·  
[[མུ་སྟེགས་པ་ཆོས་ལུགས]]&amp;nbsp;·  [[ཧིན་རྡུ་ཆོས་ལུགས།]]&amp;nbsp;· &lt;!--Hinduism--&gt;&amp;nbsp;· [[རྒྱལ་བ་པ།]]&lt;!--Jainism--&gt;&amp;nbsp;· [[ཁྱབ་འཇུག་པ་ཆོས་ལུགས]] &lt;!--Vaishnava--&gt;&amp;nbsp;· [[དབང་ཕྱུག་]] &lt;!--Śavite--&gt; [[ཡེ་ཤུའི་ཆོས་ལུགས]]&lt;!--Christianity--&gt;&amp;nbsp;- [[ཁ་ཆེའི་ཆོས་ལུགས]]&lt;!--Islam--&gt;&amp;nbsp;· [[ཆད་ལྟའི་རིང་ལུགས]]&lt;!--Atheism--&gt;&amp;nbsp;·
|}
&lt;!-- Bhutanese Dzongs --&gt;
{|
&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #a7d7f9; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em; vertical-align:top; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 0.8em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.8em; border-radius: 0.8em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color:#0AFFFF; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0.2em 0.5em; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.5em; overflow: visible; font-weight: bold; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; margin: 0px 8px -8px 0px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Tashichho Dzong, Bhutan 03.jpg|42px|middle]] &lt;/div&gt; འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་གཞི། &lt;/div&gt;
[[དར་དཀར་བཀྲ་ཤིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Darkar Trashi Yangtse Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Drukgyal Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[ཧཱ་ དབང་ཕྱུག་ལྷོ་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Haa Wangchuck Lo Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[ལྷུན་སྒྲུབ་ རིན་ཆེན་རྩེ་ རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Lhundrup Rinchentse Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Punakha Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[སེངྒེ་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Singye Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[བཀྲ་ཤིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Trashi Yangtse Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Trashigang Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Wangdue Phodrang Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[ཞོང་གར་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Zhongar Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[རྡོ་གར་རྡོབ་རྗི་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Dogar Dobji Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[མགར་ས་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་མཐོང་སྨོན་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Gasa Trashi Thongmoen Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[བྱ་དཀར་གཡུལ་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Jakar Yugyel Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[སྤ་རོ་ རིན་སྤུང་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Paro Rinpung Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Simtokha Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp;  [[ལྟ་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Ta Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Trashichho Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Trongsa Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[ཞལམ་སྒང་ བདེ་ཆེན་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Zhemgang Dechen Yangtse Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp;
|}
&lt;!-- Asian Countries --&gt;
{|
&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #a7d7f9; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em; vertical-align:top; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 0.8em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.8em; border-radius: 0.8em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color:#0AFFFF; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0.2em 0.5em; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.5em; overflow: visible; font-weight: bold; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; margin: 0px 8px -8px 0px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Map of Asia.svg|40px|middle]] &lt;/div&gt; ཨེ་ཤི་ཡའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ། &lt;/div&gt;
[[འཇར་པན།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[རྒྱ་མི།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[སོག་པོ།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཏའི་ཝན།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[མེ་མར།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[རྒྱ་གར།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[བལ་ཡུལ།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཨི་རཱན།]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཨིཛ་རཱེལ་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཀུ་ཝེཊ་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཨ་རབ་ཨེ་མི་རེཊསི་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཨུཛ་བེ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཏ་ཇག་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[བཧ་རེན་]]&amp;nbsp;- [[སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་]]&amp;nbsp;-
|}
&lt;!-- Games n Sports --&gt;
{|
&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #a7d7f9; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em; vertical-align:top; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 0.8em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.8em; border-radius: 0.8em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color:#0AFFFF; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0.2em 0.5em; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.5em; overflow: visible; font-weight: bold; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; margin: -5px 8px -8px 0px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Basketball Clipart.svg|40px|middle]] &lt;/div&gt; རྩེད་རིགས། &lt;/div&gt;
[[དྲྭ་རིལ]]&amp;nbsp;- [[ཐང་རིལ]]&amp;nbsp;- [[རྐང་རིལ]]&amp;nbsp;- [[རག་བི]]&amp;nbsp;- [[གཡུག་རིལ]]&amp;nbsp;- [[འདེད་རིལ]]&lt;!-- hockey --&gt;&amp;nbsp;
|}
&lt;!-- Temps. n Monas. --&gt;
{|
&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #a7d7f9; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em; vertical-align:top; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 0.8em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.8em; border-radius: 0.8em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color:#0AFFFF; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0.2em 0.5em; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.5em; overflow: visible; font-weight: bold; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; margin: -8px 8px -8px 0px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Kyichu_Lhakhang-060701.JPG|32px|middle]] &lt;/div&gt; འབྲུག་གི་དགོན་སྡེ་དང་ལྷ་ཁང། &lt;/div&gt;
[[སྦོ་ཁ་རྫོང་]]།&lt;!--Bokha Dzong--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[མཆོད་རྟེན་སྐོར་ར]]།&lt;!--Chorten Kora--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[དགྲ་མེད་རྩེ་ལྷ་ཁང་]]།&lt;!--Drametse Lhakhang--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[ལྷ་ཁང་དཀར་པོ]]།&lt;!--Lhakhang Karpo--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[རྟ་ལོག་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་]]།&lt;!--Talo Sanga Choeling--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[ཡོངས་ལ་དཔལ་རི་དགོན་པ]]།&lt;!--Yongla Pelri Gonpa--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[སྒོམ་ཕུ་སྐོར་ར]]།&lt;!--Gomphu Kora--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[སྐྱིད་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་]]།&lt;!--Kichu Lhakhang--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[རྟ་མགོ་དགོན་པ]]།&lt;!--Tango Monastery--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[བུ་ལི་ ཁི་ལམ་ ལྷ་ཁང་]]།&lt;!--Buli Khelem Gonpa--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[རྡོ་ལུང་ དགོན་པ]]།&lt;!--Dolung Gonpa--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་]]།&lt;!--Jampa Lhakhang--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[སྟག་ཚང་]]།&lt;!--Taktshang--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[མཚམས་བྲག་དགོན་པ]]།&lt;!--Tsamdrak Gonpa--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[སྒང་སྟེང་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་]]།&lt;!--Gangtey Sanga Choeling--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[སྐུ་རྗེས་ ལྷ་ཁང་]]།&lt;!--Kurje Lhakhang--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[ཕ་ཇོ་ལྡིང་ལྷ་ཁང་]]།&lt;!--Phajoding Monastey--&gt;&amp;nbsp; [[ཁམས་གསུམ་གཡུལ་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོད་རྟེན།]]&amp;nbsp; 
|}

&lt;!-- Sister Projects --&gt;
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&lt;div id=&quot;mp_sisterProjects&quot; class=&quot;mp_outerbox&quot; style=&quot;border:1px solid #a7d7f9; margin: 0.5em 0 0.5em; vertical-align:top; padding: 1em; -moz-border-radius: 0.8em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.8em; border-radius: 0.8em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color:#0AFFFF; margin-bottom: 0.7em; padding: 0.2em 0.5em; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.5em; overflow: visible; font-weight: bold; -moz-border-radius: 0.5em; -webkit-border-radius: 0.5em; border-radius: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;float: left; margin: -8px 8px -8px 0px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia-logo-circle.svg|42px|middle|링크=]]&lt;/div&gt;ཝི་ཀིའི་ལས་འགུལ་གཞན།&lt;/div&gt;
{{སྐད་རིགས་གཞན།}}
&lt;div class=&quot;wikipedia-ko sister main-box&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; display:inline-block; width: 100%; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;
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	&lt;div style=&quot;clear: both; margin: 0 20px;&quot;&gt;
{{གཞན།. ཁ་སྐད། ཁ། སྐད་ཡིག}}&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7fzy0x9juf0e0jxdwq5pbb95q296qo9</sha1>
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    <title>དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་</title>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3914587]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="400" xml:space="preserve">&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger&quot;&gt;དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་&lt;/span&gt; (Centre for Bhutan Studies), [[ཐིམ་ཕུུུུ]]

== འབྲེལ་མཐུད་  ==

* [http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/  དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་ གདོང་ཤོག]

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཐིམ་ཕུ]]</text>
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      <comment>/* ཨ་རྟག་ར་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ ཝི་ཀིའི་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད། */ Reply</comment>
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      <text bytes="20976" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Wikipedia]]

== ཨ་རྟག་ར་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ ཝི་ཀིའི་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད།==
ཕྲལ་ཕྲལ་རང་ལག་་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ ཝི་ཀིའི་བརྡ་འཕྲིན་འདི་(less than 25% of all MediaWiki messages)མང་ཤོས་ཀྱིས་མཐོང་ཚུགས་པའི་བརྡ་འཕྲིན་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་གིས་རྩོམ་ཡིག་ལྷག་མི་དང་ རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་པ་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཚུགས། ང་བཅས་ཀྱི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་འདི་ ལོ་འདི་མཇུག་བསྡུཝ་ད་ བརྡ་ཕྲིན་འདི་ཚུ་གེ་ར་ རང་རང་སོ་སོའི་ཁ་སྐད་ནང་བསྒྱུར་ཚུགས་པའི་རེ་བ་ཨིན། ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་ཁྱོད་རང་དང་ ང་བཅས་ལུ་ཕན་ཐབས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ རང་གི་ཁ་སྐད་ནང་སྐད་སྒྱུར་འབད་གནང།
[http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;task=untranslated&amp;group=core-mostused&amp;language={{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}&amp;limit=100 these messages]. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] ༡༣:༠༡, ༡༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༠༨ (UTC)

:&lt;code&gt;Gfgff&lt;/code&gt;
:''fgyg'''hj''''' [[Special:Contributions/27.228.78.99|27.228.78.99]] ༠༠:༣༩, ༢༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
::Sd😖 [[Special:Contributions/27.228.78.99|27.228.78.99]] ༠༠:༣༩, ༢༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)
:@2日にムヒ [[Special:Contributions/27.228.78.99|27.228.78.99]] ༠༤:༡༩, ༢༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༢༢ (UTC)

==The LocalisationUpdate extension has gone live==

The LocalisationUpdate extension is now enabled for all Wikimedia projects. From now on new localisations that become available in SVN will become available to your project within 24 hours. Your localisations get into SVN from [http://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net] typically within a day and at worst in two days. This is a huge improvement from the old practice where the localisations became available with new software. This could take weeks, even months.

The localisations done by our community at translatewiki.net are committed to SVN typically every day. When the system messages in English are the same as the local messages, they will now be inserted in a file and are available for use in all our projects in a timely manner

===What this means for you===
Local messages have an impact on the performance of our system. It is best when messages are as much as possible part of the system messages. In order to remove unnecessary duplication, all the messages that have a local localisation and are '''exactly''' the same as the system message will be removed.  What we ask you to do is to compare and proof read the messages in translatewiki.net and the local messages. You can then either remove local messages when the translatewiki.net message is to be preferred or, you can update the message at translatewiki.net. 

Messages that are specific to your project will have to stay as they are. You do want to check if the format and the variables of the message are still the same.

===Why localise at translatewiki.net===
When you localise at translatewiki.net, your messages will be used in all Wikimedia projects and eventually in all MediaWiki based projects. This is how we provide the standard support for your language. When messages change, at translatewiki.net you will be prompted to revisit your translations. Localising is more efficient because we have innovated the process to make you more efficient; there is text explaining about messages and we have applied AJAX technology to reduce the number of clicks you have to make.

==Translatewiki.net update==
*Currently 19.13% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.07% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] ༡༨:༢༢, ༢༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༠༩ (UTC)
*Currently 18.88% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.07% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] ༡༠:༤༤, ༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༠༩ (UTC)
*Currently 19.42% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.07% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] ༡༦:༣༥, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༠༩ (UTC)
*Currently 19.38% of the MediaWiki messages and 0.07% of the messages of the extensions used by the Wikimedia Foundation projects have been localised. Please help us help your language by localising and proof reading at [[betawiki:Special:LanguageStats/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}|translatewiki.net]]. This is the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;translations=only&amp;trailer=/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}} recent localisation activity] for your language. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] ༡༤:༤༨, ༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ། ༢༠༡༠ (UTC)

*PS Please help us complete [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;task=untranslated&amp;group=core-mostused&amp;language={{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}&amp;limit=100 the most wanted messages]..

==How can we improve the usability for your language==
We expect that with the implementation of LocalisationUpdate the usability of MediaWiki for your language will improve. We are now ready to look at other aspects of usability for your language as well.  There are two questions we would like you to answer:
Are there issues with the new functionality of the Usability Initiative
Does MediaWiki support your language properly

The best way to answer the first question is to visit the translatewiki.net. Change the language to your language, select the “vector” skin and add the advanced tool bar in in the preferences and check out the new functionality. And make some changes in your user page. When there is a need to improve on the localisation, please make the [http://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-ui-0-all necessary changes]s . It should update your localisation straight away. 
We would like you to report each issue individually at http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Usability_issues.

When there are problems with the support of MediaWiki for your language, we really want to know about this. It is best to report each issue separately. In this way there will be no large mass of issues to resolve but we can address each issue on its own. Consider issues with the display of characters, the presentation of your script, the position of the side bar, the combination of text with other languages, scripts. It is best to try this in an environment like the prototype wiki as it provides you with a clean, basic and up to date environment. The prototype wiki is available for five languages but you can select any of them, change the preferences to your language and test out MediaWiki for your language.

We would like you to report each issue individually at http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Language issues. The issues you raise will all be assessed. It is important to keep each issue separate, because this will make it easier to understand the issues and find solutions.

PS This text has been approved by Naoko, Brion and Siebrand. Thanks, [[User:GerardM|GerardM]] ༡༨:༢༢, ༢༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༠༩ (UTC)

==Language support group for Dzongkha==
The Wikimedia Foundation has brought together a new team of developers who are dedicated to language support. This team is to support all the languages and consequently it is not realistic to expect that the team members can provide proper support for your language. It is for this reason that we are looking for volunteers who will make up a [[:translatewiki:language support team|language support team]]. 

This language support team will be asked to provide us with information about their language. Such information may need to be provided either to us or on a website that we will indicate to you. Another activity will be to test software that will likely have an effect on the running of the MediaWiki software. We are looking for people who clearly identify their ability. Formal knowledge is definitely appreciated.

As much of the activity will be concentrated on [[:translatewiki:Main Page|translatewiki.net]], it will be a plus when team members know how to localise at translatewiki.net.
Thanks, [[User:Gmeijssen|Gmeijssen]] ༠༤:༠༡, ༢༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༡ (UTC)

==Babel extension==
Please help by localising the Babel extension. It allows people to identify their ability to understand Dzonghka on all WMF projects. Thanks, [[User:Gmeijssen|Gmeijssen]] ༠༤:༠༤, ༢༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༡༡ (UTC)people to

==WebFonts==
At [https://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net] we have installed webfonts for the Tibetan script. We would like to implement this for the Dzongkha Wikipedia. This will provide everyone who comes to the Tibetan Wikipedia with a screen that will properly show the characters used for the Dzongkha language.

For this we are looking for people willing to inform us if [http://translatewiki.net/wiki/Portal:Dz?uselang=dz the Tibetan script looks good] in the way we provide it. Thanks, [[User:Gmeijssen|Gmeijssen]] ([[User talk:Gmeijssen|talk]]) ༡༡:༤༠, ༢༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༢ (UTC)

:[[རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས|Dzongkha Development Commission]] has developed a web font named Dzongkha calligraphic font. Setting this font as a default font in the Dzongkha Wikipedia will result in proper display of all the Dzongkha characters. 
:Download [https://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/uploads/files/downloads/Dzongkha_web_fonts_7cf5336a0e77b4547f086e31b1d2f523.zip Dzongkha Calligraphic font] [[User:Rpel|Rpel]] ([[User talk:Rpel|talk]]) ༠༩:༠༢, ༢༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ། ༢༠༢༡ (UTC)

==Help for translate==
Hello and sorry for writing in English. Can anyone help me translate a small article (2 paragraphs) from English to your language and create the article in your wiki? Please, fell free to answer in my talk page in your wiki anytime. Thanks! [[User:Xaris333|Xaris333]] ([[User talk:Xaris333|talk]]) ༠༠:༡༨, ༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༤ (UTC)

==The visual editor will be enabled on this wiki in some days==
''Hello again. Please excuse the English.  {{Int:Please-translate}}.  {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

As per previous announcements earlier this year, '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal|the visual editor]] ({{int:visualeditor}}) will be enabled at this Wikipedia in some days. It allows people to edit articles as if they were using a typical word processor. Here's a quick explanation of what is going to happen''': you can find a more detailed one, with pictures, at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Single_edit_tab|mediawiki.org]]. 

[[File:VisualEditor and wikitext side-by-side.png|alt=Side by side screenshots, showing the visual appearance of both editing systems |center|frameless|757px]]

;What's changing?
:In the new system, you get a &lt;u&gt;single edit tab which follows your preferences&lt;/u&gt;, and that therefore will launch the wikitext editor '''or''' the visual editor depending on which one you opened the last (''{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-remember-last}}''). &lt;br&gt; This applies to everyone who edited recently, including anonymous users.
;How do I switch to the ''other'' editor then?
:Buttons on the toolbars of both editors were added months ago so that you can switch from one to the other every time you want to, without losing your changes and without having to save first. &lt;br&gt;The button, located on the right side of the toolbar, looks like square brackets ('''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[ ]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''') in the visual editor, and like a pencil ([[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|20px]]) in the wikitext editor.

;Are there other options available?
:Yes. You can choose whether you want:
* ''{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-ve}}'' (if you temporarily switch to the wikitext editor through the button on the toolbar, the system won't remember it; also, it only applies to namespaces where the visual editor is available).
* ''{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-wt}}'' (if you temporarily switch to the visual editor through the button on the toolbar, the system won't remember it)
* ''{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-multi-tab}}'' (a system in place at multiple wikis since 2013. You are familiar with this option if you have been using the visual editor here.)
**''Please note: all the users will always have the opportunity to switch to the other editor via buttons on the toolbars, for occasional edits''.

;How do I set my preference?
*If you want to try or to stay in the new system: you don't need to do anything.
*If you had explicitly disabled the visual editor in the past and want to keep it disabled: you don't need to do anything.
*All the registered users have a dropdown menu in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|Editing tab of their Preferences]] ({{int:prefs-editing}} --&gt; {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs}}), where they can choose from. &lt;u&gt;This only needs to be done once&lt;/u&gt;. Don't forget to save ;)
**&lt;small&gt;Users with the visual editor disabled need to re-enable it if they're interested in accessing that menu!&lt;/small&gt;
*People who use the visual editor regularly will see a pop-up &lt;u&gt;(only once after the single edit tab system is introduced)&lt;/u&gt;, and they can choose their favorite setting there. Of course, they can change their mind at any time just like the others, and pick a different setting from their Preferences.
**Anonymous users who have used the visual editor recently will also be able to choose which editor they want to edit with.
**''Reminder: all the users will always have the opportunity to switch to the other editor via buttons on the toolbars, for occasional edits''.

;Final remarks
*&lt;mark&gt;Please spread the word about this major change&lt;/mark&gt; in any way that you deem appropriate for this community, by linking to this announcement elsewhere, putting up a site notice, etc. Please note it will affect all the registered users at first, and after some days it will reach logged-out contributors as well if no major technical issues have arisen. 
*Please do let us know about any anomalies you think you're experiencing, and do post any other feedback below. I'd like to thank everyone who works to make the transition easier for this community, and whoever will help me processing feedback in your language. 
*You can learn more about optimizing the visual editor experience here by [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE_as_the_main_editor|reading a guide on mediawiki.org]]. 

Thank you! --[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ([[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|talk]]) ༡༡:༥༢, ༢༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)

== The visual editor is now active here==
''Hello again. This message is only available in English at this time: {{Int:Please-translate}}.  {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=300px&gt;
File:VisualEditor bi-directional switching pencil icon in wikitext.png|alt=The upper right corner of the wikitext editing toolbar, showing a pencil icon|thumb|In the wikitext editor, the pencil icon allows you to switch to the visual editor.
File:VisualEditor toolbar Page options - Switch to wikitext - Save.png|alt=The toolbar in the visual editor, showing the square brackets icon next to the Publish button.|thumb|In the visual editor, the &lt;nowiki&gt;[[ ]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; (square brackets) icon allows you to switch to the wikitext editor. ''Please note that the button will soon say {{int:Publishpage}} or {{int:Publishchanges}}, due to an unrelated change.''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

As some of you have noticed, '''this Wikipedia now has [[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal|the visual editor]] ({{int:visualeditor}}) enabled for all registered users'''. The rollout to logged-out users will likely happen in a week or so. 

&lt;mark&gt;For an '''explanation of how the editing system now works and how to choose/go back to your favorite setting, please see my previous announcement above'''.&lt;/mark&gt; If you wish to '''change your editing system preferences now, this can be done from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|this link to your Preferences]] --&gt; {{int:prefs-editing}} --&gt; {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs}}'''. 

All edits using the visual editor will be tagged with &quot;{{Int:tag-visualeditor}}&quot; in recent changes, watchlists, and page histories.  To access the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|User Guide for the visual editor]], click on the &quot;(?)&quot; icon in its toolbar. 

Please let us know if you find any problems.  You can report issues directly in [[phab:|Phabricator, the new bug tracking system]] or on at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]; by all means, feel free to also [[:mw:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|ping or contact me directly]] if you prefer.  
In case of emergency (like an unexpected bug causing widespread problems), please contact James Forrester, the product manager, at jforrester@wikimedia.org or on [[:m:IRC|IRC]] in the #mediawiki-visualeditor channel.

Happy editing!
Respectfully, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ༡༨:༥༡, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)

PS: Are you seeing interface messages that are not in this wiki's language? Please fix this by providing translations [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-0-all&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate here]. Translations may be also provided for the [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guide]]. Please contact me if you want guidance in contributing translations!
:Just a heads-up that rollout of the visual editor on this wiki is now complete. Please refer to my previous messages for details. You can [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/VE_as_the_main_editor|read the &quot;checklist&quot;]] that was written to help communities like yours in their process of adapting the visual editor to their customs and needs. Best, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] ༡༨:༣༩, ༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)

== Small Wiki Toolkits / South Asia ==

We are reaching out to seek your collaboration on [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Small_wiki_toolkits Small wiki toolkits (SWT)], a technical capacity building initiative for smaller language wikis. This initiative runs with support from the Wikimedia Foundation's Developer Advocacy team and volunteers.

As part of the initiative, we designed and conducted [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/SWT_Indic_Workshop_Series_2020/Report%20detailed%20report SWT Indic workshop series 2020]. As participants found the workshops helpful in developing their skills, we are now planning to expand them to the South Asian region's Wikimedia communities.

Would you be interested in getting yourself or your community involved? If so, please reach out to us on the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:SWT_Indic_Workshop_Series_2020/Overview SWT Indic workshop series talk page here]. Best Regards, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|SSethi (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SSethi (WMF)|talk]]) ༠༦:༥༩, ༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༢༠ (UTC).</text>
      <sha1>bqvhyq2jnjuhg8mrcy6og3sczuee0j9</sha1>
    </revision>
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    <title>སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག</title>
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      <comment>Reverting botnet vandalism attack ([[phab:T302047]])</comment>
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སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་|འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་]]ནང་་རྫོང་ཁག 20 ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ ས་ཆ་དགའ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་བདག་སྤྱོང་ལྟེ་བ་ [[སྤ་རོ་རིན་སྤུང་རྫོང|རིན་སྤུང་རྫོང་]]འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ 1644 /45 ལོ་ལུ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་བསྒྲིལ་བཟོ་གནང་མི་ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ [[ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ|ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་]]རང་གིས་བཞེངས་ཏེ་ ཕྱག་ལས་རབ་གནས་ཐོས་པའི་རྫོང་གཞི་བྱིན་རླབས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།
*[[སྤ་རོ་དོལ་སྟེང་རྒེད་འོག| དོལ་སྟེང་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[སྤ་རོ་དོལ་ཤར་རྒེད་འོག| དོལ་ཤར་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[སྤ་རོ་རྡོ་དཀར་རྒེད་འོག| རྡོ་དཀར་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[སྤ་རོ་ནགསརྒྱ་རྒེད་འོག| ནགསརྒྱ་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[སྤ་རོ་བཙན་གདོང་རྒེད་འོག| བཙན་གདོང་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[སྤ་རོ་ཝང་ཅང་རྒེད་འོག| ཝང་ཅང་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[སྤ་རོ་ལམ་གོང་རྒེད་འོག|ལམ་གོང་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[སྤ་རོ་ལུང་གཉིས་རྒེད་འོག| ལུང་གཉིས་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[སྤ་རོ་ཤར་པའི་རྒེད་འོགས| ཤར་པའི་རྒེད་འོགས]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[སྤ་རོ་ཧཱུྂ་རལ་རྒེད་འོག|ཧཱུྂ་རལ་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;

== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;

&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
* [[ལྟ་རྫོང་། (སྤ་རོ)]]
* [[སྤ་རོ་རིན་སྤུང་རྫོང]]
* [[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་།]]

== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==
*[http://www.paro.gov.bt/  སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག]
*[http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/dzongkhags.php?dz_id=26 འབྲུག་གི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག]

[[Category:སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག|   ]]</text>
      <sha1>tj21inrnhpwj6j6p91nozis25eqgsb5</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ།</title>
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        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
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      <comment>Undo revision 28409 by [[Special:Contributions/119.2.125.143|119.2.125.143]] ([[User talk:119.2.125.143|talk]])оформление</comment>
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      <text bytes="25339" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Shabdrung rubin.png|thumb|right|200px|ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ]]

[[ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ།]] (1594-1651)

༈ སྐྱབས་མགོན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རྗེ་བླ་མ་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་མཆོད།

ལོ་བསྟར་རང་ཟླ་༣ པའི་ཚེས་བཅུའི་དུས་བཟང་འདི་ བཀའ་དྲིན་ཅན་གྱི་བདག་ཉིད་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་མཆོད་ཀྱི་དུས་ཆེན་ལུ་ སྒོ་གསུམ་གུས་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་སྒོ་ལས་ སྨོན་ལམ་གྱི་མཚམས་སྦྱར་ནི་དང་འདྲེས་ཏེ་ སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ།

གཏམ་ཐག་ཐུང་ན་ཉན་གོ་བདེ། །
ཡབ་ཐག་ཐུང་ན་བཞོན་གོ་བདེ། །

ཟེར་བཅུད་བསྡུ་སྟེ་ཞུ་བ་ཅིན་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དཔལ་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ ར་ལུང་འབྲུག་པའི་གདུང་རབས་འཛིན་མཁན་ ཡབ་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་པ་རྗེ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་དང་ ཡུམ་མཁའ་འགྲོའི་རིགས་བཟང་བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་གྱི་བུ་ཁྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་སུ་ འབྲུག་བྱང་ཆུབ་གླིང་གི་གཞིས་ཀ་མགར་གྲོང་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༥༩༤ རབ་བྱུང་༡༠པའི་ གནམ་ལོ་ཤིང་རྟ་ ཟླཝ་༡༡པའི་ཚེས་༡༡་ རེས་གཟའ་མིག་དམར་ སྐར་མ་ཐ་སྐར་འཛོམས་པའི་ གྲུབ་སྦྱོར་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་དུས་དང་བསྟུན་ ཆོས་ཉིད་རྣམ་དག་གི་གཟུགས་སྔགས་དང་བཅས་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས། རྒྱལ་སྲས་གཞོན་ནུ་མཆོག་ ཡབ་མེས་ཀྱི་མཚན་ལས་གྲས་ཏེ་མི་ཕམ་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཟེར་ མཚན་ཡང་དེ་སྦེ་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག །

གདུང་རབས་དང་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་འཁྲུངས་རབས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་བཟུམ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ་མདོར་བསྡུས་ཙམ་ཞུ་ན། བདེ་ལྡན་སྣང་མཐའི་སྤྱན་སྔ་ལུ་ འཕགས་མཆོག་འཇིག་རྟེན་དབང་ཕྱུག ། ཤམྦྷ་ལའི་སེང་ཁྲི་གུ་ རིགས་ལྡན་པདྨ་དཀར་པོ། ལྷ་ལྡན་ཡུལ་དུ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ། ཟ་ཧོར་ཡུལ་དུ་མཁན་ཆེན་ཞི་བ་འཚོ། ཁ་ཆེའི་ཡུལ་ན་པཎ་ཆེན་ནཱ་རོ་ཏ་པ། གཉལ་སྨད་སྙི་བའི་རིགས་སུ་ཆོས་རྗེ་བདག་པོ་ལྷ་རྗེ། མྱང་སྟོད་རྒྱའི་གྲོང་ན་འགྲོ་མགོན་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྡོ་རྗེ། མངོན་དགའི་ཞིང་དུ་སྣང་བ་རྡུལ་བྲལ་སེམས་དཔའ། གངས་ཅན་ཕུལ་ལ་ཧ་རི་ལུ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་འབྱོར། བྱ་ཡུལ་གོང་མའི་སྲས་སུ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་ཆོས་ཀྱི་གྲགས་པ། ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཀོང་པོའི་ཡུལ་དུ་ཀུན་མཁྱེན་པདྨ་དཀར་པོ་བཅས་པའི་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་ནོར་བུའི་དངོས་གྲུབ་གཡོ་མེད་རིམ་སྒྲིམ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་བྱོན་པའི་མཐའ་མ། ཆོས་སྲིད་ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མངའ་བདག་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་སྦེ་འབྱོན། ཀུན་མཁྱེན་འཁྲུངས་རབས་ལས།

སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་ཀུན་གྱི་སྤྲུལ་པའི་གཞི།།
མ་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་འབྱུང་ཁུངས་པ།།
ད་ལྟའི་སྐྱོབ་པ་དག་དང་དབྱེར་མེད་པའི།།
ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཞབས་པད་བརྟན་གྱུར་ཅིག།

ཅེས་གསུངས་པའི་ལུང་གིས་གསལ་ཏོག་ཏོ་བསྟན་ནུག ། དགུང་གྲངས་བཞི་ལྔ་ཙམ་ལས་ བྲི་ལྷག་མཁྱེན་པ་མ་ཚད་ ཐུགས་དམ་ལྗགས་བཟླས་ཚུ་ཡང་ རྒྱུན་ཆད་མེད་པ་མཛད། དགུང་གྲངས་བརྒྱད་ལུ་ མི་ཕམ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྤྱན་སྔ་ལས་ གཙུག་ཕུད་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ དགེ་བསྙེན་གྱི་སྡོམ་པ་བཞེས། ཀུན་མཁྱེན་འབྲུག་པའི་ལུང་གིས་བསྔགས་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་ ངག་གི་དབང་པོ་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་སྡེ་ཟེར་བའི་ མཚན་གྱི་ཅོད་པན་བཅིངས་གནང་ནུག ། དེ་ལས་བཟུང་ཡབ་མེས་གཉིས་དང་ ཡོངས་འཛིན་ལྷ་དབང་བློ་གྲོས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཞབས་ལས། ཐུན་མོང་ཐུན་མིན་གྱི་གཞུང་རིག་གནས་དང་བཅས་པའི་བཤད་པ་དང་ སྨིན་གྲོལ་གདམས་པའི་བདུད་རྩི་ཚུ་བཞེས། ཁྱད་པར་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཐུན་མིན་གྱི་སྐོར། ལྟ་བ་ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ། སྒོམ་པ་བསྲེ་འཕོ་ཆོས་དྲུག སྤྱོད་པ་རོ་སྙོམས་སྐོར་དྲུག འབྲས་བུ་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་རབས་བདུན། ཀུན་ལ་གཅེས་པ་ལམ་བཟང་བླ་མ་སྒྲུབ་པའི་གདམས་པའི་གཞུང་ཤིང་ཆེན་པོ་ལྔ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ གསན་ལོ་ཙམ་མེན་པར་རབ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་ཏེ་ སྔོན་གྱི་བག་ཆགས་ཐམས་ཅད་སད་ མཁྱེན་རབ་ཀྱི་པདྨོ་རྒྱས་ནུག །

རྒྱལ་སྲས་གཞོན་ནུ་སྦེ་ཞལ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལས་རང་ སྐུ་གོང་མ་ཀུན་མཁྱེན་པད་མ་དཀར་པོའི་མཛད་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ གསལ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་མཁྱེན་གསལ་ཆེ་རུང་། སྡེ་སྲིད་གཙང་པ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ ཆ་བཞག་མ་བཏུབ་པར་ འབྲུགཔ་ནང་དོགས་རྩོད་གཞི་ལུ་འགྱུར་བཅུག ། ནང་ཕན་ཚུན་ཐུགས་བསུན་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་ རྗེ་མི་ཕམ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་དང་ ཡབ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་ གཞན་བླ་སློབ་དང་ ཆེ་མཐོའི་དཔོན་ཁག་ཚུ་འཛོམས་ཐོགས་ལས་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་༡༣ བཞེས་པའི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༦༠༦ གནམ་ལོ་མེ་རྟ་ལོར་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་གོང་མ་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱི་གདན་ས་ འབྲུག་ར་ལུང་གི་མི་འཇིགས་གདོང་ལྔ་གིས་བཏེགས་པའི་ཁྲི་འཕངས་མཐོན་པོ་གུ་ གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ རྗེ་མི་ཕམ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྡོ་རྗེ་འཆང་གི་ཕྱག་མཚན་ཕྱག་ལུ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་པ་དཀར་བརྒྱུད་པའི་བསྟན་པའི་གཙོ་བོ་ལུ་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་རྒྱས་ཤིང་རྒྱསཔ་རྩིས་ཐོགས་ལས་ཞབས་པད་བཀོད་ མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་ནུག ། དེ་ལས་འབདན་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པའི་སྡེ་ཟེར་བའི་ མཚན་གྱི་དར་དཔྱངས་ལྷུགས་པར་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག །

སྐྱབས་མགོན་དམ་པ་དགུང་ལོ་༢༣ བཞེས་པའི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༦༡༦ གནམ་ལོ་མེ་འབྲུག་ལོར་ ཁ་བཞི་ལྷོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཙན་དན་ནགས་མོའི་ལྗོངས་སུ་ཆིབས་ཁ་བསྒྱུར། སྤྱིར་ལྟར་སྣང་དུ་ འབྲུག་པ་ནང་ཕན་ཚུན་གྱི་རྩོད་གཞི་དང་ གཙང་པའི་སྡེ་འཁྲུག་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་སྣང་རུང་ དོན་ལུ་ཆོས་རྗེ་གཙང་པའི་ཞལ་ཆེམས་ལུང་བསྟན་དུས་ལུ་བབས། སྐྱབས་མགོན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དཔལ་འབྲུག་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཐུགས་བསྐྱེད་སྨོན་ལམ། དམ་ཅན་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཀྱི་སྟོངས་གྲོགས་མཛད་དེ་ དཔལ་ཡེ་ཤེས་མགོན་པོས་ཁ་བཞི་ལྷོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གདུལ་བྱའི་ཞིང་དུ་ཕུལ་བའི་ཉེར་ལེན། ལྷོ་མོན་ཁ་བཞིའི་མི་སེར་སྤྱི་མཐུན་ཁ་རྗེ་བསོད་ནམས།

ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཨྱོན་ཐམས་ཅད་མཁྱེན་པའི་བཀའ་ལུང་སྟག་ཤམ་དགོངས་འདུས་ཁོག་དབུབ་ལས།
ནམ་མཁའི་སྙིང་པོ་རང་འོད་འབྲུག་གི་མཚན༔
ངག་གི་མིང་ཅན་ལྷོ་རོང་ཕྱོགས་སུ་འབྱུང་༔
ཞེས་དང་།

ངག་གི་མིང་ཅན་དྲག་སྔགས་གྲུབ་པ་འདིས༔
མོན་ཁྲི་བཟུང་ནས་བོད་འབྲུག་གསོས་སུ་འགྱུར༔
ཞེས་དང་།

བདུད་འདུལ་གཏེར་ལུང་ལས།
ནཱ་རོའི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ངག་གི་མིང་ཅན་འབྱུང་༔
ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོས་འགྲོ་རྣམས་སྨིན་པར་བྱེད༔

ཟེར་ལུང་བསྟན་པའི་གཏེར་ལུང་ཚུ་ལས་ ལན་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ཡང་ནས་ཡང་དུ་བསྔགས་པའི་ལུང་བསྟན་དུས་སུ་བབས་པ་ལས། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ལྷོ་ཁྲིམས་མེད་ས་ཁྲིམས་དང་ རྫ་ལུང་མེད་ས་ལུང་བཏགས་ཏེ་ དེ་ལས་རྫོང་གཞིས་ཁག་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བཞེངས་གནངམ་མ་ཚད་ ཕྱི་ནང་གསང་གསུམ་གྱི་དགྲ་ཡི་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་ཏེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་བསྟན་སྲིད་གཅིག་གིས་ ལྷོ་མོན་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ལུ་དབང་བསྒྱུར་བའི་གཞུང་འདི་ལུ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་བའི་ནད་དོན་དེ་ཡང་ དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་བྱུང་ནུག།

ཨྱོན་ཆེན་པོས།
བདུད་འཇོམས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ༔
གསང་སྔགས་བསྟན་པའི་བདག་པོ་འབྱུང་༔
ཞེས་དང་།

མགོན་པོ་དངོས་གྲུབ་འབྱུང་བ་ལས།
འཁོར་བའི་བདུད་རྣམས་འཇོམས་པ་པོ།།
རྡོ་རྗེ་སློབ་དཔོན་བདག་ཉིད་ཆེ།།

སྐྱབས་མགོན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གི་ཞབས་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབང་ཚད་འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་མཛད་ནི་དང་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབང་ལུང་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབུ་འཁྲིད་རྗེ་མཁནམ་གྱིས་མཛད་དགོ་པའི་བདག་རྐྱེན་གནང་སྟེ་འབད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་གལ་ཆེའི་གནད་དོན་ཚུ་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་དཔོན་ཁག་ཚུ་འཛོམས་ཏེ་གསུང་གྲོས་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གཞུང་སྡེ་སྲིད་ལུ་སྙན་འབུལ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ ཐག་བཅད་དགོཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་དང་ཆེ་མཐོའི་གོ་གནས་ཀྱི་རིམ་པ་ཚུ་ མ་བཏུབ་བཏུབ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ལྷ་ཡུལ་ས་ཁར་བབ་བབ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག །

སྐྱབས་མགོན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ སྐུ་དངོས་ཀྱི་གདུལ་བྱའི་འགྲོ་དོན་མཛད་བྱ་མཇུག་བཟུམ་ཅི་ སྐུ་མཐའ་མའི་མཛད་པ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ཨུ་རྒྱན་མཧཱ་གུ་རུ་སློབ་དཔོན་ཆེན་པོ་པདྨ་འབྱུང་གནས་མཆོག་གིས་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ རིམ་གཉིས་རྣལ་འབྱོར་ལུ་བཞུགས་པ་ཅིན་ དམག་མཐའ་མཇུག་ལས་བཟློག་སྟེ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་གོང་དུ་འཕེལ་འོང་ཟེར་བའི་ལུང་གིས་བསྐུལ། དཔལ་མགོན་ལྕམ་དྲལ་ཆོས་སྲུང་དྲེགས་པ་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་དང་བཅས་པའི་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡང་ དེ་བཟུམ་གྱི་གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་པ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཐུགས་དམ་ལུ་བཞུགས་དགོཔ་ངེས་བརྟན་ཨིནམ་དགོངས་ཏེ། དགུང་ལོ་༥༨ བཞེས་པའི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༦༥༡ དང་རབ་བྱུང་༡༡ པའི་ལྕགས་ཡོས་ ཧོར་ཟླ་གསུམ་པའི་ཡར་ངོ་ཚེས་བཅུའི་དུས་ཆེན་ལུ། བདག་ཅག་གི་སྐྱབས་མགོན་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ ཐུགས་དམ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ནམ་དུས་ཞལ་སྔ་ནས། ད་རེས་ཁམས་ཅིག་ཕྱི་ནང་གི་བཀའ་བློན་ལས་འཛིན་རྣམས་དང༌། གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་གནས་བརྟན་དབུ་མཛད་ཆོས་ཁྲིམས་སོགས་ རྒན་གཞོན་སྐུ་བགྲེས་ཚུ་དང༌། གྲྭ་པ་དམངས་མང་སོགས་ སྤྱི་སྒེར་ཐམས་ཅད་ལུ་ ངེའི་ངོ་ལས་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཅིག་གྲོས་བསྟུན་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ཁམས་མ་དྭངས་བ་ལས་ དབུ་མཛད་ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་གཞན་རྣམས་ལུ་ དེ་ལུགས་བཀོད་རྒྱ་ ཀུན་ལུ་ཁྱབ་དགོ་ཟེར་ བསྟན་པའི་བྱ་བ་ཕྲ་རགས་ཐམས་ཅད་ལུ་ བསླབ་སྟོན་ཞིབ་དཔྱད་ཀྱི་བཅད་དོན་རྒྱས་དགོཔ་དང༌། འདས་མ་འོངས་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་མཐའ་རྒྱས་དང་བཅས་པའི་ ཞལ་ཆེམས་ལུང་བསྟན་ཞིབ་ཞིབ་བསྩལ་སྟེ་ སྐུ་མཚམས་འོད་གསལ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་གྱི་རྣལ་འབྱོར་ལུ་རིམ་གྱིས་བཞུགས་ནུག །

དེ་ལས་ཚུར་ལོ་ངོ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐུ་མཚམས་བཞུགས་པའི་ཚུལ་སྦེ་ དགོངས་རྫོགས་མ་སྒྲུབ་རུང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ སྐུ་གསུང་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་སྤྲུལ་པ་འབྱོན་དགོ་པའི་གསོལཝ་བཏབ་ད་ ཐུགས་དམ་གྲོས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཚུར་ ལོ་བསྟར་ཟླཝ་༣ པའི་ཚེས་༡༠ ལུ་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དཔལ་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་མཆོད་བཟུང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག ། ཧེ་མའི་སྐབས་ཅིག་ལུ་ སྐུ་མཆོད་ཉིནམ་གསུམ་ར་ཨིན་རུང་། མཁན་རབས་༦༩ པ་སྐྱབས་རྗེ་དགེ་འདུན་རིན་ཆེན་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་ཐོག་ལུ་ ཉིན་གྲངས་ཡར་སེང་གནང་སྟེ་ ད་རེས་སྐུ་མཆོད་ཟླཝ་༣ པའི་ཚེས་༡༥ ཚུན་ སྔར་ལས་རྒྱས་རྒྱས་སྦེ་བཟུང་སྲོལ་ཡོད། ལགས་སོ།།


== འབྲེལ་གཏུགས ==

* མཛད་པ་པོ: [[གཙང་མཁན་ཆེན|གཙང་མཁན་ཆེན་འཇམ་དཔལ་བཤེས་གཉེན་]] (1610-1684); མིང: དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་རྣམ་ཐར་རྒྱས་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྤྲིན་ཆེན་པོའི་དབྱངས། 


* མཛད་པ་པོ: [[རྗེ་དགེ་འདུན་རིན་ཆེན]] (1926-1997) (འབྲུག་རྗེ་མཁན་པོ 69); མིང: དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གདུལ་ཞིང་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ནགས་མོའི་ལྗོངས་ཆོས་འབྱུང་བློ་གསར་རྣ་བའི་རྒྱན། (ལྷོ་ཡི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་བློ་གསར་རྣ་རྒྱན།). 


* མཛད་པ་པོ: [[སློབ་དཔོན་པདྨ་ཚེ་དབང]] (b. ); མིང: འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་རབས། འབྲུག་གསལ་བའི་སྒྲོན་མེ།. [ISBN 99936-631-2-3] p.120-192 


* མཛད་པ་པོ: [[དྲུང་ཆེན་སངས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ]]་ (b. ) ; མིང: དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་རྣམ་ཐར། [ISBN ???] 
 

* མཛད་པ་པོ: Ardussi, John ; མིང: [http://web.archive.org/web/20080819210747/http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/journals/jbs/pdf/JBS_11_02.pdf Formation of the State of Bhutan ('Brug gzhung) in the 17th Century and its Tibetan Antecedents] ''in'' [http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/journals/jbs/index.php Journal of Bhutan Studies], Vol 11 2004, [http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt Centre for Bhutan Studies], Thimphu. [http://www.thdl.org/texts/reprints/jbs/JBS_11_02.pdf],[http://web.archive.org/web/20080819210747/http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/admin/pubFiles/v11-2.pdf], [http://web.archive.org/web/20080819210747/http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/journals/jbs/pdf/JBS_11_02.pdf] - དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ&lt;br /&gt;

* མཛད་པ་པོ: Sewala Trulku Ngawang Pekar; མིང:[http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/admin/pubFiles/mono-zsbdrung.pdf The Introductory Biography of the Hereditary Prince Incarnation (The First Zhabdrung, Ngawang Namgyel)] - དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ 2004.

== འབྲེལ་མཐུད ==
* [http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Shabdrung_Ngawang_Namgyal ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ] - རང་འབྱུང་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཝི་ཀི&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.bhutan.ethno-museum.ac.at/ahtcde00/c-viex/j-02/start.html ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ] - འབྲུག་ གངས་ལྡན་ལྷའི་ གཞལ་ཁང་གི་ འགྲེམ་སྟོན།&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://tbrc.org/link?RID=P509 TBRC P509 ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ] - ནང་བསྟན་དཔེ་ཚོཊ་ལྟེ་གནས&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.himalayanart.org/search/set.cfm?setID=1138 ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ] &lt;br /&gt;


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[[Category:མི་མང་ : ནང་པ]]
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      <text bytes="481" xml:space="preserve">[[ཤཱ་ཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ]] (सिद्धार्थ गौतम, शिद्धत्थ ङोतम)

[[File:Bhutanese_Drukpa_applique_Buddhist_lineage_thonka_with_Shakyamuni_Buddha_in_center%2C_19th_century%2C_Ruben_Museum_of_Art.jpg|256px|thumb|རྒྱལ་བ་ཤཱ་ཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ]]
[[File:Buddha_Bodhgaya.JPG|256px|thumb|left|རྒྱལ་བ་ཤཱ་ཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ]]

{{stub}}

[[Category:མི་མང་ : ནང་པ]]</text>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="203" xml:space="preserve">[[རྡོ་རྗེ་སེམས་དཔའ]] (Vajrasattva)
[[File:Vajrasattva Tibet.jpg|thumb|180px|right| རྡོ་རྗེ་སེམས་དཔའ]] 

{{stub}}

[[Category:ནང་པ]]</text>
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    <title>ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག</title>
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      <text bytes="4424" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Ugyen_Wangchuk,_1905.jpg|right|270px]]

[[ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག]] (1861–1926)

གོང་ས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ ཡབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣབ་རྒྱལ་དང་ ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེས་ པདྨ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ ༡༨༦༢ ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ཡབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ གདུང་དཀར་ཆོས་རྗེ་པི་ལ་དགོན་པོ་དབང་རྒྱལ་དང་ བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་འཛོམས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ཨིན། རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ གདུང་དཀར་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ དེ་ལས་ ཚེ་རིང་སྒྲོལ་མ་དང་ གཡུ་སྒྲོན་ཚུ་ཁོ་གི་སྤུན་ཆ་ཨིནམ་དང་གདུང་དཀར་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ ཀྲོང་་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ནུག།

ཡུམ་པདྨ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་དེ་ གཏམ་ཞིང་ཆོས་རྗེ་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ སྲསམོ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་དེ་ པད་གླིང་གསུངས་སྤྲུལ་ ༨་པ་ ཀུན་བཟང་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་དང་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ནུ་ཨིན། ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་ཡང་བཞེས་ནུག།

གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ལུ་སྐུ་མཆེད་གཉིས་ཡོད་མི་ནང་ལས་ ཕྲིན་ལས་ སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་དཔོན་དང་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཡེ་ཤེས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དེ་ བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་དཔོན་ འཆི་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་གཉེན་སྦྱོར་འབད་ནུག།

གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་སྲསམོ་ཨ་ཞེ་རིན་ཆེན་དང་ ཀུར་སྟོད་ཁོལ་མ་ལས་ཨིན་མི་ ཨམ་ཚེ་དབང་རྒྱས་མོ་གི་སྲསམོ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཨ་ཞེ་ བརྩོན་འགྲུས་ལྷ་མོའམ་གླེ་མོ་གཉིས་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་གཉེན་སྦྱོར་མཛད་ནུག། ཨམ་ཚེ་དབང་རྒྱས་མོ་འདི་ གཏེར་ཆེན་གུ་རུ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་ལུག་ཆུ་སྟོད་སྨད་གཉིས་ལས་སྨད་ཉ་ལམ་དུང་ལས་ཨིན། ཨ་ཞེ་རིན་ཆེན་ལས་ སྲསམོ་ དཔལ་སྒྲོན་དང་དབྱངས་འཛོམས་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཨ་ཞེ་ གླུ་མོ་ལས་ སྲསམོ་ དབང་མོ་ སྲས་འགྱུར་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ ཀརྨ་འཕྲིན་ལས་ དེ་ལས་ འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཚུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་་ནུག།


* [[སྐུ་འཁོར་གྱི་རྒྱུད་པ།]]

{{stub}}

[[Category:མི་མང་ : འབྲུག་མི]]</text>
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      <comment>Bot: Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6154126]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1140" xml:space="preserve">[[ཟླུམ་བརྩེགས་ལྷ་ཁང|སྤ་རོ་གྱང་ས་ཟླུམ་བརྩེགས་ལྷ་ཁང་]]འདི་ [[ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ|གྲུབ་ཐོབ་ལྕགས་ཟམ་པ་ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ་]]གིས་ རབ་བྱུང་ 8 པའམ་ དུས་རབ་ 15C པའི་ནང་ སྒང་གདུག་སྦྲུལ་ནག་པོ་ཁ་མར་ལྟ་རྒྱུགཔ་ཡིན་ཟེར་བའི་རི་མཇུག་སྦལ་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་སྣ་ལུ་ས་བདག་ཀླུ་གཉན་གྱི་ཁ་གནོན་འབད་བཞེངས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་ ཟླུམ་བརྩེགས་ལྷ་ཁང་ཐོག་ཚད་གསུམ་འབད་མི་འདི་མཇལ་ཡོད། 

[[File:Dungtsi_Lhakhang_Stupa-Paro-Bhutan-2007_11_11.JPG|thumb|180px|right|གྱང་ས་ཟླུམ་བརྩེགས་ལྷ་ཁང]]


{{stub}}

[[Category:སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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ཧཱ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་|འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་]]འདི་ནང་རྫོང་ཁག་ 20 ཡོད་པའི་གྲལ་ལས་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་མངའ་སྡེའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཡིན།
*[[ཧཱ་སྦྱིས་རྒེད་འོག| སྦྱིས་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[ཧཱ་སྐར་ཚོགས་རྒེད་འོག| སྐར་ཚོགས་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[ཧཱ་དབུས་སུ་རྒེད་འོག| དབུས་སུ་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[ཧཱ་ས་དམར་རྒེད་འོག| ས་དམར་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[ཧཱ་གསང་སྦས་རྒེད་འོག| གསང་སྦས་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;
*[[ཧཱ་དགའ་སྐྱིད་གླིང་རྒེད་འོག| དགའ་སྐྱིད་གླིང་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br&gt;


== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲྭ་མཐུད། ==
*[http://www.haa.gov.bt/  ཧཱ་རྫོང་ཁག]
[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2249</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25234</id>
      <parentid>24215</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-09-01T12:14:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rotlink</username>
        <id>4137</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>fixing dead links</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2379" xml:space="preserve">[[File:TangtonGyalpo.jpg|thumb|right|250px|ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ ཞུན་དག་འབད་དོ།]]
 [[ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ|རྗེ་གྲུབ་ཐོབ་ཆེན་པོ་ལྕགས་ཟམ་པ་ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ]] [1361?-1485]
== འབྲེལ་གཏུགས ==
==== ཆོས་སྐད ====
* མཛད་པ་པོ: ཤེས་རབ་དཔལ་ལྡན; མིང: རྗེ་གྲུབ་ཐོབ་ཆེན་པོ་ལྕགས་ཟམ་པའི་རྣམ་པར་ཐར་པ་ངོ་ཚར་རྒྱ་མཚོ། 
* མཛད་པ་པོ: [[ལོ་ཆེན་འགྱུར་མེད་བདེ་ཆེན]] [1540-1615] ; མིང: གྲུབ་པའི་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ་ལྕགས་ཟམ་པ་ཐང་སྟོན་རྒྱལ་པོའི་རྣམ་ཐར་ཀུན་གསལ་ནོར་བུའི་མེ་ལོང་གསར་པ། [http://tbrc.org/link?RID=W23929 TBRC W23929]


==== དབྱིན་སྐད ====
* མཛད་པ་པོ: Gerner, Manfred; མིང: [http://web.archive.org/web/20080625153254/http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/admin/pubFiles/Chakzampa.pdf Chakzampa Thangtong Gyalpo] [ISBN 99936-14-39-4] - དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ

* མཛད་པ་པོ: Stearns, Cyrus; མིང: King of The Empty Plan: ''The Tibetan Iron Bridge Builder Tangtong Gyalpo'' [ISBN 978-1-55939-275-4]

== འབྲེལ་མཐུད ==
* [http://tbrc.org/link?RID=P2778 TBRC P2778 ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ] - ནང་བསྟན་དཔེ་ཚོཊ་ལྟེ་གནས
* [http://rywiki.tsadra.org/index.php/Thangtong_Gyalpo ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ] - རང་འབྱུང་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཝི་ཀི
* [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Thangtong_Gyalpo ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ] - རིག་པ་ཝི་ཀི
* [http://www.himalayanart.org/search/set.cfm?setID=311|Teacher: བླ་མ་ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ] - ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡན་གྱི་ ལག་རྩལ་འབྱུང་ཁུངས


[[Category:མི་མང་ : ནང་པ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>གཙང་མཁན་ཆེན།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2251</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25361</id>
      <parentid>25122</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-02-05T04:46:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thyj</username>
        <id>4185</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="145" xml:space="preserve">གཙང་མཁན་ཆེན་འཇམ་དཔལ་བཤེས་གཉེན། (1610-1684)

{{stub}}

[[Category:མི་མང་]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>མཉམ་མེད་སེང་གེ་དགུ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2252</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27724</id>
      <parentid>27688</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="913" xml:space="preserve"># [[དྷར་མ་སེང་གེ་སངས་རྒྱས་དབོན་རས]] (1177-1237)&lt;br&gt;
# [[འབྲུག་པ་གཞོན་ནུ་སེང་གེ]] (1200-1266)&lt;br&gt;
# [[འབྲུག་པ་ཉི་མ་སེང་གེ]] (1251-1287)&lt;br&gt;
# [[འབྲུག་པ་སེང་གེ་ཤེས་རབ]] (1238-1287)&lt;br&gt;
# [[འབྲུག་པ་སེང་གེ་རིན་ཆེན]] (1258-1313) ''aka'' ([[སྤོས་སྐྱ་པ]])&lt;br&gt;
# [[འབྲུག་པ་སེང་གེ་རྒྱལ་པོ]] (1289-1326)&lt;br&gt; 
# [[འབྲུག་པ་ཀུན་དགའ་སེང་གེ]] (1314-1347)&lt;br&gt;
# [[འབྲུག་པ་བློ་གྲོས་སེང་གེ]] (1345-1390)&lt;br&gt;
# [[འབྲུག་པ་ཤེས་རབ་སེང་གེ]]  (1371-1392)&lt;br&gt;

{{translate}}
{{stub}}

[[Category:མི་མང་]]</text>
      <sha1>ggbjvv5101u6fs5pp1fjs0yjzufmz45</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Font display help</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>2253</id>
    <revision>
      <id>9106</id>
      <parentid>9105</parentid>
      <timestamp>2008-06-14T06:17:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CFynn</username>
        <id>145</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="924" xml:space="preserve">If your computer does not display Dzongkha, [http://iris.lib.virginia.edu/tibet/tools/input.html unicode fonts] are available. 

Under Debian GNU/Linux, please &lt;code&gt;apt-get install [http://packages.debian.org/unstable/x11/ttf-tmuni ttf-tmuni]&lt;/code&gt;. Under FreeBSD, please &lt;code&gt;cd /usr/ports/[http://www.freshports.org/x11-fonts/tmu/ x11-fonts/tmu]; make install&lt;/code&gt;. 

Under Windows, [http://byak.sinp.msu.ru/tise/ Tise] is a useful input method . Or [http://www.colourcountry.net/tibetan/ this Javascript tool]. 

For Mac users, upgrade to version 10.5 ‘Leopard’.
*&lt;p style=&quot;font-size:20px&quot;&gt;Windows XP མ་ལག་གི་ནང་དུ་[http://www.dobum.org/font-help/index.html བོད་ཡིག་འཇོག་ཚུལ་རི་མོ་དང་བཅས། ]དེ་ལས་གཞན་ལྟ་ཀློག་ཆས་IE7.0ཡིན་ན་ཧ་ཅང་བཟང་བར་འདུག</text>
      <sha1>chs37dc2fs4796d1c7l4vohi435jk89</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ཐིམ་ཕུ་རྫོང་ཁག</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2254</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27981</id>
      <parentid>26644</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-11-17T20:50:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gerd Eichmann</username>
        <id>6344</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>gallery added</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2804" xml:space="preserve">[[File:BhutanThimphu.png|right|thumb]]

ཐིམ་ཕུ་རྫོང་ཁག

&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery caption=&quot;ཐིམ་ཕུ་རྫོང་ཁག&quot;&gt;
Thimphu-18-Dzong-2015-gje.jpg|
Thimphu-Stadion-08-Laenderspiel Bhutan-Hongkong-2015-gje.jpg|
Thimphu District-10-Haus-2015-gje.jpg|
Thimphu-Takin-Reservat-10-2015-gje.jpg|
Bhutan-Straßenbau-116-Dochu La-Abfahrt-Bagger-gje.jpg|
Dochu La-Gompa-02-2015-gje.jpg|
Dochu La-View-22-Opferstelle-2015-gje.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;+
== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==

* [[ཐིམ་ཕུུུུ]]
* [[སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་རྫོང་། (གསང་སྔགས་ཟབ་དོན་ ཕོ་བྲང་།)]]

== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==

&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་ གླིང་བཞི་དྲུང་ཁག|གླིང་བཞི་དྲུང་ཁག]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་སྲོས་རྒེད་འོག|སྲོས་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་ན་རོ་རྒེད་འོག|ན་རོ་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་ཀ་ཝང་རྒེད་འོག|ཀ་ཝང་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་ཅང་རྒེད་འོག|ཅང་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་བར་པའི་རྒེད་འོག|བར་པའི་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་སྟོད་པའི་རྒེད་འོག|སྟོད་པའི་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་དར་དཀར་རྒེད་འོག|དར་དཀར་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་དགེ་བསྙེན་རྒེད་འོག|དགེ་བསྙེན་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་སྨད་ཝང་རྒེད་འོག|སྨད་ཝང་རྒེད་འོག]]&lt;br /&gt;

== འབྲེལ་མཐུད ==
*[http://www.thimphu.gov.bt/ ཐིམ་ཕུ་རྫོང་ཁག]
*[http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/dzongkhags.php?dz_id=32 འབྲུག་གི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ ཐིམ་ཕུ་རྫོང་ཁག]

[[Category:ཐིམ་ཕུ་རྫོང་ཁག|   ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2255</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28218</id>
      <parentid>28215</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-05-25T10:11:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>స్వరలాసిక</username>
        <id>7602</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1453" xml:space="preserve">[[File:BhutanTrongsa.png|right|thumb]]

'''ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག''' 

འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]

* [[ཀྲོང་གསར་]]

== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
འབྲུག་པ་ནི་བོད་རིགས་ཀྱི་མི་རྒྱུད་རེད།

== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==
སྟག་ཚ་བླ་རྒན། སྟག་ཕྲུག་
== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery caption=&quot;ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག&quot;&gt;
Trongsa-Dzong-104-2015-gje.jpg|
Trongsa-Dzong-118-2015-gje.jpg|
Trongsa-Dzong-178-Innenhof-2015-gje.jpg|
Trongsa-Dzong-186-Balken-2015-gje.jpg|
Trongsa-Yangkhil Resort-04-Eingang-2015-gje.jpg|
Trongsa-20-Landschaft-2015-gje.jpg|
Trongsa-12-Viewpoint Cafeteria-2015-gje.jpg|
Trongsa-Chendebji-Choerten-04-2015-gje.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/center&gt;

== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==
{{Reflist}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
      <sha1>m3ocb778hnbl36r8k3rcydcfpkugb4k</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བཀྲིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2256</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29247</id>
      <parentid>25812</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-05-11T16:03:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>119.2.125.197</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ལོ་རྒྱུས། */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1088" xml:space="preserve">འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་གི་མིང། ལུ། [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་|འབྲུག་ཡུ]]


== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==

== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==

*[http://www.trashigang.gov.bt  བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག]
*[http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/dzongkhags.php?dz_id=34 འབྲུག་གི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ བཀྲིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག]

{{stub}}

[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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      <text bytes="845" xml:space="preserve">འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་གི་མིང་།
== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==


* [[མགར་ས་ བཀྲིས་མཐོང་སྨོན་རྫོང་།]]

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[[Category:མགར་ས་རྫོང་ཁག| ]]</text>
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'''ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག'''

འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]
== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==
{{stub}}

[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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    <title>དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག</title>
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        <id>1635</id>
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      <comment>/* འབྲེལ་མཐུད */</comment>
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'''དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག''' འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག ལུ། [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་|འབྲུག་ཡུ]]

== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==


== [[འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་གཞི།]] ==
* [[དར་དཀར་བཀྲ་ཤིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་།]]

== འབྲེལ་མཐུད ==
* [http://www.dagana.gov.bt དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག]
* [http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/dzongkhags.php?dz_id=21 འབྲུག་གི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག]

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    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2016-03-29T07:24:56Z</timestamp>
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        <id>5022</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="888" xml:space="preserve">[[File:BhutanPemagatshel.png|right|thumb]]

པདྨ་དགའ་ཚལ་རྫོང་ཁག འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག ལུ། [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་|འབྲུག་ཡུ]]
== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==


{{stub}}

[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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    <title>སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>27982</id>
      <parentid>26656</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-11-18T19:46:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gerd Eichmann</username>
        <id>6344</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Gallery added</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1411" xml:space="preserve">[[File:BhutanPunakha.png|right|thumb]]

'''སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག'''       

འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery caption=&quot;སྤུ་ན་ཁ་གི་ས་ཁོངས།&quot;&gt;
Punakha-Dzong-02-2015-gje.jpg|
Punakha-Dzong-16-Bruecke-2015-gje.jpg|
Punakha-Dzong-50-Fassade-2015-gje.jpg|
Punakha-Dzong-64-Drachen-2015-gje.jpg|
Punakha-Lobesa-54-Huetten-2015-gje.jpg|
Punakha-Sopsokha-26-Haeuser mit Phallus-2015-gje.jpg|
Yowakha-02-Reisterrassen-2015-gje.jpg|
Punakha-Chime Lhakhang-04-2015-gje.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
* [[སྤུ་ན་ཁ་]]
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་བཏགས་ཚུལ།==

== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==
* [[ཁམས་གསུམ་གཡུལ་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོད་རྟེན།]]

{{stub}}

[[Category:སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག|   ]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2019-11-20T18:37:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gerd Eichmann</username>
        <id>6344</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Gallery added</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1266" xml:space="preserve">[[File:BhutanBhumthang.png|right|thumb]]
འདིའི་མིང་འབུམ་ཐང་མིན་ནམ་སྙམ།
== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==

== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery caption=&quot;བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག།&quot;&gt;
Bumthang-08-Haus-2015-gje.jpg|
Bumthang-22-Fluss-2015-gje.jpg|
Bumthang-28-Reisernte-2015-gje.jpg|
Bumthang-70-Totenfahnen-2015-gje.jpg|
Bumthang-Jakar Dzong-10-2015-gje.jpg|
Bumthang-44-Flugplatz-Auto-2015-gje.jpg|
Bumthang-Mebar Tsho-16-Gebetsfahnen-2015-gje.jpg|
Bumthang-Kurjey Lhakhang-06-2015-gje.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==
* [[བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་། (བྱ་དཀར་གཡུས་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་།)]]


[[Category:བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག| ]]</text>
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    <ns>0</ns>
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      <parentid>28600</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-10-10T15:48:26Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* འབྲེལ་མཐུད */ +</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1832" xml:space="preserve">[[File:BhutanWangduePhodrang.png|right|thumb]]

'''དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག''' འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག ལུ། [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་|འབྲུག་ཡུ]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery caption=&quot;དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག&quot;&gt;
Wangdue Phodrang-52-Landschaft-2015-gje.jpg|
Bhutan-Straßenbau-154-Bezirk Wangdue Phodrang-gje.jpg|
Wangdue Phodrang-Chazam-13-Norbu Yangphel Restaurant-Nachbarhaus-2015-gje.jpg|
Wangdue Phodrang-Chazam-18-Haus-2015-gje.jpg|
Wangdue Phodrang-Nobding-08-Kuenphen Restaurant-Ausblick-2015-gje.jpg|
Wangdue Phodrang-Yaks-10-2015-gje.jpg|
Wangdue Phodrang-Yaks-08-Treiber-2015-gje.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;
== ཁོར་ཡུག ==

== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==
== འབྲེལ་མཐུད ==
* [[སྒང་སྟེང་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་]]
*[http://www.wangduephodrang.gov.bt དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག]
*[http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/dzongkhags.php?dz_id=38 འབྲུག་གི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག]

[[Category:དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག| ]]</text>
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        <id>7427</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/136.228.172.237|136.228.172.237]] ([[User talk:136.228.172.237|talk]]) to last version by Impro: purely nonsense content</comment>
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'''མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག''' 

འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]

* [[མོང་སྒར་]]

== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==

== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==

== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
* [[ཞོང་སྒར་རྫོང་།]]

== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==
*[http://www.mongar.gov.bt མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག]
*[http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/dzongkhags.php?dz_id=25 འབྲུག་གི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག]

[[Category:མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག|   ]]

{{stub}}</text>
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    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2265</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Savh</username>
        <id>1669</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/94.158.95.192|94.158.95.192]] ([[User talk:94.158.95.192|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Ruslik0|Ruslik0]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="933" xml:space="preserve">[[File:BhutanTsirang.png|right|thumb]]

== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==

* [http://www.tsirang.gov.bt རྩི་རང་རྫོང་ཁག]
* [http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/dzongkhags.php?dz_id=37 འབྲུག་གི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ རྩི་རང་རྫོང་ཁག]

[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
      <sha1>9edv1ft4s0rls9ubd2mnu2hqra4glr9</sha1>
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      <comment>Bot: Migrating 23 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q728947]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="987" xml:space="preserve">[[File:BhutanSarpang.png|right|thumb]]

གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག
== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲྭ་མཐུད། ==
* [http://www.sarpang.gov.bt གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག]
* [http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/dzongkhags.php?dz_id=33 འབྲུག་གི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག]

[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
      <sha1>omb110vkk4cdhqix328wzlx5aqyk1bs</sha1>
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    <ns>0</ns>
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        <id>8596</id>
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      <text bytes="2037" xml:space="preserve">[[Image:BhutanSamdrupJongkhar.png|right|thumb]]

'''བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག'''

འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]


== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== '''ལོ་རྒྱུས།''' ==
ལོ་རྒྱུས།

== བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་འདི་རྫོང་གཞི་ཚུ་གི་ནང་ལས་གསརཔ་གཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ཆགས་ས་འདི་འབྲུག་གི་ཁྲོམ་རྙིང་ཤོས་ནང་ལུ་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱ་གར་ཨ་སམ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ས་ཚམས་ཕོགཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ལས་མི་ཏར་མཐོ་ཚད་༢༠༠དང་༣༥༠༠ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་སྔོན་གདུང་བསམ་རྒྱ་དྲུང་གི་བཞུགས་གནས་ཡང་ཨིན། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲྭ་མཐུད། ==

*[http://www.samdrupjongkhar.gov.bt  བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག]
*[http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/dzongkhags.php?dz_id=29  འབྲུག་གི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག]

{{stub}}

[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>27350</id>
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      <timestamp>2018-12-22T08:27:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>2089</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]]</comment>
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བསམ་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག


== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲྭ་མཐུད། ==
{{stub}}

[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2269</id>
    <redirect title="བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག" />
    <revision>
      <id>15369</id>
      <parentid>15368</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-08-18T17:02:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>1635</id>
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      <text bytes="513" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]]

[[Image:Bhutan-Trashiyangste.png|right|thumb]] 

==འབྲེལ་མཐུད== 
*[http://www.trashiyangtse.gov.bt བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]
*[http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/dzongkhags.php?dz_id=35 འབྲུག་གི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]

{{R from abbreviation}}
[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2270</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27409</id>
      <parentid>27342</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-24T01:11:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 27342 by [[Special:Contributions/27.84.69.17|27.84.69.17]] ([[User talk:27.84.69.17|talk]])</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1274" xml:space="preserve">[[File:BhutanTrashiyangtse.png|right|thumb]] 
[[བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག|བཀྲ་ཤིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]] འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག ལུ། [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་|འབྲུག་ཡུ]]
== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==
== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ྄ུཅཀཡོུ ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==
* [http://www.trashiyangtse.gov.bt བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]
* [http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/dzongkhags.php?dz_id=35 འབྲུག་གི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]

{{stub}}

[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
      <sha1>76dp7uk1yoe6h3222g9rd411vcol1it</sha1>
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    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2271</id>
    <redirect title="བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག" />
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      <timestamp>2008-06-14T13:54:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>145</id>
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      <comment>Redirecting to [[བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="139" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]]
[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག ལུ། [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་|འབྲུག་ཡུ]]
*

== འབྲེལ་མཐུད ==
* [http://www.zhemgang.gov.bt གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག]
* [http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/dzongkhags.php?dz_id=39 འབྲུག་གི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག]

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ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག ལུ། [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]

== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==

== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲྭ་མཐུད། ==
* [http://www.lhuentse.gov.bt ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]
* [http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/dzongkhags.php?dz_id=24 འབྲུག་གི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]

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[[Image:Rinpung_Dzong_Paro_2007-11-11_CJF.JPG|thumb|right|300px|སྤ་རོ་རིན་སྤུང་རྫོང &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;''Photo by:''[[User:CFynn| Christopher Fynn]] ]]

''སྤ་རོ་རིན་སྤུང་རྫོང'' - རྫོང [[སྤ་རོ་]]


སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་འདི་ ༡༦༤༤ ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གི་ བཀའ་རྒྱ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ བཞེངས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ༡༩༠༧ ལུ་ མེ་རྐྱེན་ལུ་བརྟེན་ གནོད་པ་འབྱུང་ཡོད་རུང་ ༡༨༩༧ ལུ་ ས་གཡོམ་རྐྱབས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ རྫོང་གཞི་གཞན་ཚུ་མེདཔ་གཏང་དེ་ར་འབད་རུང་ སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་འདི་ལུ་གནོད་སྐྱོན་ག་ནི་ཡང་མ་འབྱུངམ་ཨིན་མས།

སྤ་རོ་ རྫོང་གི་མིང་ངོ་མ་འདི་ རིན་སྤུང་རྫོང་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེའི་དོན་དག་འདི་ རིན་ཆེན་སྤུངས་བཞག་ཡོད་པའི་རྫོང་ཟེར་ཨིན་མས། དུས་རབས་ ༡༥ པའི་ནང་ ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་བཞི་པོའི་ སློབ་མ་ རྒྱལ་མཆོག་དང་ རྒྱལ་འཛོས་སྤུན་ཆ་གཉིས་ སྤ་རོ་ལུ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྒྱལ་འཛོམས་གིས་ སྒང་ཏ་ཁ་ ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ལུ་ གདན་ས་བཅག་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཁོ་གི་སྤུན་ཆ་ རྒྱལ་མཆོག་དེ་ ཆོས་ལུགས་རིག་པ་ལྷཔ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་སོང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ལོག་སྤ་རོ་ལུ་འོང་ནུག། རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཧུམ་རལ་དགོན་པ་ལུ་འབྱོན་ཏེ་ ལྷ་ཁང་ཆུང་ཀུ་གཅིག་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཁོ་གི་ སློབ་མ་ཚུ་ ས་གནས་དེ་ཁར་དབང་ཚད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་རབ་ནང་ལུ་ “ཧུམ་རལ་གྱི་དྲག་རིམ་”ཟེར་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

༡༦༤༥ ལུ་ ཁོང་ཚུ་གིས་ ཞབས་དྲུག་གི་ ཆོས་དང་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབང་ཆ་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཁོང་རའི་རྫོང་ཆུང་ཀུ་དེ་ ཞབས་དྲུག་ལུ་ ཕུལ་ཏེ་ དེ་འཕྲོད་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གིས་ རྫོང་སྦོམ་སྦེ་བཞེངས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ༡༦༤༦ ལུ་ རྫོང་འདི་རབ་གནས་གནང་ནུག།

རི་ དུམ་དྲག་ཅིག་གཟར་དྲགས་དང་ ཤིང་གི་ཟམ་མཛེས་ཏོག་ཏོ་གཅིག་གི་ སྦོ་ལོག་ཁར་བཞེངས་ཡོེད་པའི་རྫོང་འདི་ སྤ་རོ་ རྫོང་ཁག་བདག་སྐྱོང་གི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་ས་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ འདི་ནང་ལུ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དགེ་སློང་ ༢༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།

རྫོང་གི་རྡོག་ཅལ་དང་པམ་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ བདག་སྐྱོང་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འཛུལ་སྒོའི་གཡས་དང་གཡོན་ལུ་ མི་གཅིག་སེམས་ཅན་སྟག་གཅིག་ཁྱིད་དེ་ཡོད་མི་སྐུ་འདྲ་གཅིག་དང་ ཕོ་རྒས་གཅིག་གིས་གཡག་གནགཔོ་གཅིག་ཟུང་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐུ་འདྲ་གཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་གི་དབུ་རྩེ་འདི་ ཤིང་བཟོ་ངོ་མཚར་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ མཛེས་ཤོས་གཅིག་ཨིན་མས།

རྫོང་གི་ལྟག་ལུ་ ལྟ་རྫོང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ འགྲེམ་སྟོན་ཁང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ༡༩༠༥ ལུ་ རྫོང་འདི་ལུ་མེ་རྐྱེན་འབྱུང་དེ་ར་འབད་རུང་ ༡༩༠༨ དང་ ༡༩༠༩ ལུ་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་ སྟོན་པ་ དེ་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་སྐུ་ཚུ་ ཧེང་བཀལ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུ་ནུག། རྫོང་འདིའི་ནང་རྟེན་གཙོབོ་ ཐང་ཀ་ མི་ཊར་ ༢༠ x༢༠ འབད་མི་ མཐོང་འགྲོལ་ དེ་ མེ་རྐྱེན་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བསྲུངས་བཞག་འབད་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ ཚེས་བཅུའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མི་མང་ལུ་ མཇལ་ཁ་གནངམ་ཨིན།


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བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང - རྫོང [[ཐིམ་ཕུ]]

བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་འདི་ ཝང་ཆུ་གི་ [[མཐའམ་བདའ་སྟེ་ཆགས་ཡོད་པའི་]] སྒྲིང་ཁྱིམ་ཚུ་གི་ནང་ལས་ མཛེས་ཤོས་གཅིག་ཨིན།

བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་འདི་ ༡༦༤༡ ལུ་ [[ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་]] བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ༡༩༦༢ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ལོག་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག།

༡༢༡༦ ལུ་ བླམ་རྒྱལ་བ་ལྷ་སྣང་པ་གིས་ ད་ལྟོ་ [[བདེ་ཆེན་ཕོ་བྲང་ཡོད་ས་ལུ་]] རྡོ་སྔོན་རྫོང་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཤུལ་ལས་ དུས་རབ་ ༡༧ པ་ ནང་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་ལུ་འབྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ལྷ་པ་ཚུ་ཕམ་གཏང་སྟེ་ རྡོ་སྔོན་རྫོང་འདི་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཕྱག་ལུ་ཚུད་ནུག། ༡༦༤༡ ལུ་ རྡོ་སྔོན་རྫོང་དེ་ ལོག་རྐྱབས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ མིང་ཡང་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫཽང་ཟེར་བཏགས་གནང་ནུག། ༡༦༤༩ ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཞི་པ་ བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ རྒྱ་བསྐྱེད་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ༡༦༩༨ [[སྡེ་སྲིད་ལྔ་པ་]] དགེ་འདུན་ ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ རྫོང་འདི་ལུ་ མེ་རྐྱེན་འབྱུང་ཏེ་ ལོག་དེ་ ཉམས་བཅོས་འབད་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་ བཅུ་པ་ མི་ཕམ་ དབང་པོ་གིས་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ནང་ན་ལུ་ [[བཀའ་རྒྱུད་ལྷ་ཁང་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་]] ༡༧༤༧ ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ ༡༣ པ་ ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱ་བསྐྱེད་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།

[[སྡེ་སྲིད་]] ༡༦ པ་ བསོད་ནམས་ [[ལྷུན་སྒྲུབ་དང་]] ཇེ་མཁན་པོ་ ཁྲི་རབ་ ༡༣ པ་ ཡོན་ཏན་མཐའ་ཡེ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ རྫོང་འདི་ལུ་ ད་རུང་མེ་རྐྱེན་འབྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཁོང་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ རྫོང་འདི་ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་ས་ལུ་ བཞེངས་ནིའི་གྲོས་འཆར་བརྩམ་ནུག། ༡༧༧༧ སྡེ་སྲིད་ ༡༨ པ་ [[འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་]] རྫོང་གི་ཀུན་ར་དེ་ གནག་དུང་དུང་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ [[ཉམས་བཅོས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་]] སྡེ་སྲིད་ ༢༥ པ་ པདྨ་ཆོས་སྒྲ་གིས་ཡང་ཉམས་བཅོས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ ༣༢ པ་ ཕུར་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ སྐུ་རྟེན་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག།

༡༨༦༩ ལུ་ རྫོང་དེ་ལུ་ མེ་རྐྱེན་འབྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྩ་བ་ལས་རང་ཉམས་བཅོས་འབད་དེ་ མི་དབང་ འཇིགས་མེད་ [[རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས]] ༡༩༦༢ ལས་ ༡༩༦༩ གི་རིང་ལུ་ རྫོང་འདི་ ཉམས་གསོ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།

== འབྲེལ་མཐུད། ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120312153812/http://www.bhutan2008.bt/dz/node/616 བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་།]


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[[Category:རྫོང]]
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&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Ethnolinguistic map of China 1983.png
File:汉族比例（2000年）.png
File:Gu Hongzhong's Night Revels, Detail 1.jpg
File:Boxer queue.JPG
File:China.Terracotta statues007.jpg
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----
* [[རྒྱ་ནག]]
* [[ཀྲུང་ཀོ་]]


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Cry ངུ་བ།</text>
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      <text bytes="13056" xml:space="preserve">འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱི་སྐོར།

རྒྱལ་པོའི་བཀའ་ཤོག

རང་ལོ་ཆུ་ཕོ་སྤྲལ་ལོ་ ཟླ་བ་ ༧ པའི་ཉེར་ ༡ གནམ་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༢ དབྱིན་ཟླ་ ༩ པའི་དབྱིན་ཚེས་ ༡༨ ལུ་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་
བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་ རང་དབང་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ཡར་དྲག་འགྱོ་ནི་དང་ འདི་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་
ལཱ་གི་རིག་རྩལ་ཚུ་མཁས་ཆོད་ཅན་ལུ་འགྱུར་ཞིནམ་ལས་ མི་སྡེ་ལུ་མཁོ་བའི་འགན་ཁ་ འབག་ཚུགས་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་
ལྷན་ཁག་ལས་ཁ་ཕྱེ་སྟི་ རང་སྐྱོང་ལས་འཛིན་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

བཀའ་ཤོག་དེ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏི་ གནམ་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༢ དབྱིན་ཟླ་ ༡༠ པའི་དབྱིན་ཚེས་ ༡ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་རང་
སྐྱོང་ལས་འཛིན་སྦེ་བཟོ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གཞུང་དང་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ དེ་ལས་མཁས་མཆོག་དང་གུས་བསྟུད་ཀྱི་འོས་འབབ་ ལྡན་པའི་
མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་བཟོ་ཡོད་པའི་ མདོ་ཆེན་གྱི་བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
འབྲུག་ལུ་རེ་ཌེའོ་གི་ཞབས་ཏོག

འབྲུག་ལུ་རེ་ཌེའོ་གི་ཞབས་ཏོག་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་རང་གནམ་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཁས་བླང་ཅན་གྱི་ན་གཞོན་སྡེ་ཚན་གཅིག་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ན་གཞོན་ཚོགས་སྡེ་ ༼National Youth Association of Bhutan༽ ཟེར་ བཟོ་སྟི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག

ཞབས་ཏོག་དེ་ཡང་བདུན་ཕྲག་རེ་ནང་གཟའ་ཟླཝ་ལུ་ དུས་ཡུན་སྐར་མ་ ༣༠ གི་རིང་ལུ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ན་གཞོན་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གི་
ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་ རེ་ཌེའོ་རྒྱང་སྒྲགས་འབད་ནི་གི་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་དེ་ རྒྱང་སྒྲགས་འབད་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།

རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་འཕྲུལ་ཆས་དེ་ ཝཊྲ ༤༠༠ འབད་མི་ཅིག་ལྕགས་འཕྲིན་ཡིག་ཚང་ལས་གླ་ཁར་ལན་ཏི་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟི་
འཕྲུལ་ཁང་གི་མིང་ཡང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ན་གཞོན་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གི་རེ་ཌེའོ་ཟེར་བཏགས་ནུག

གནམ་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༩ ལུ་འདི་བཟུམ་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་གོང་འཕེལ་བཏང་ནི་ལུ་ཁས་ཕན་ཡོདཔ་འབྲུག་གཞུང་གིས་
མཁྱེན་ཏི་ བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འོག་ལུ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག

གནམ་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༩ ལུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་འཕྲུལ་ཨམ་ ཤོཊྲ་ཝེཕ་ཀི་ལོ་ཝཊྲ་ ༡༠ འབད་མི་གཅིག་ཉོ་བསྒྲུབས་འབད་དེ་ འཕྲུལ་ཁང་
ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ མིང་ཡང་འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་ཟེར་བཏགས་ཏི་ ཉིམ་རེ་ནང་དུས་ཡུན་
ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༣ རེ་ ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག

གནམ་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༡ གི་ལོ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་གི་ས་གོ་གཏན་ཁལ་སྦེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཆུ་འབར་ཆུ་ལུ་ཐོབ་ཏི་ འཕྲུལ་ཨམ་ ཤོཊྲ་ཝེཕ་ཀི་ལོ་ཝཊྲ་ ༥༠ ལུ་ཡར་སེང་འབད་ནུག

གནམ་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༠ ལས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱིས་ རྡོ་སྐྱུར་ལ་ལུ་ཨེཕ་ཨེམ་ རེ་ཌེའོ་༼FM Radio༽གི་
འཕྲུལ་ཨམ་གཅིག་སྒོ་འབྱེད་འབད་ཡོད་མི་གིས་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་ནང་ཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ཏག་ཏི་ལུ་རི་ལེ་
༼Relay station༽ གི་ཨམ་གཅིག་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་མི་འདི་གིས་ ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་ནང་ཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་
བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་གནམ་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༡ ལས་དབུས་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་དང་ གནམ་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༥ ལས་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་
ཚུ་ནང་བརྒྱ་སྐྱེད་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

གནམ་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ ལས་ ཤོཊྲ་ཝེཕ་ཨམ་ཀི་ལོ་ཝཊྲ་ ༡༠༠ འབད་མི་ཌི་ཇི་ཊལ་རེ་ཌེའོ་མོན་ཌེལ་༼Digital Radio Mondale – DRM༽ ཟེར་མི་གི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་དང་བཅསཔ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་བརྒྱ་སྐྱེད་འབད་དེ་
ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

འདི་བཟུམ་གྱི་འཕྲུལ་ཆས་བརྒྱ་སྐྱེད་འབད་ཡོད་མི་འདི་གིས་ འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་ སྤུད་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་
ཤོཊྲ་ཝེཕ་གི་ཐོག་ལས་སྙན་གསན་ཚུགས་ནི་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་ལུ་ ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་
འཛམ་གླིང་ཡོངས་ན་དངས་འཕྲོད་འཕྲོད་ ཨེཕ་ཨེམ་༼FM༽དང་དྲཝ་སྦེ་གསན་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཨེ་ཨེམ་
༼AM༽ དང་ཌི་ཨར་ཨེམ་༼DRM༽ གཉིས་བསྡམ་ཁ་བརྐྱབ་ནི་གི་གོ་སྐབས་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱིས་ སྐད་རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ རྫོང་ཁ། ཤར་ཕྱོགསཔ། ལྷོ་མཚམས་ཁ་དང་། དབྱིན་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ དྲོ་པ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༦ ལས་ཕྱི་རུ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༩ ཚུན་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་བཏང་སྟི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།།
འབྲུག་ལུ་རྒྱང་མཐོང་ལས་རིམ།

འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་ལས་རིམ་འགོ་དང་པ་ གནམ་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ དབྱིན་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་དབྱིན་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་གསེར་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏི་ མི་ལོ་ ༢༥ འཁོར་བའི་དུས་སྟོན་རྩི་སྲུང་དང་འབྲེལ་ཏི་ རྫོང་ཁ་དང་དབྱིན་སྐད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ནང་འཁོད་ནང་ ཉིན་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་དུས་ཡུན་ཆུ་ཚོད་༡ གི་རིང་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག

དེ་ལས་གནམ་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༤ ལུ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་དང་ ༢༠༠༥ ལུ་སྤ་རོ་ལུ་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་འཐད་ཀར་དུ་གཟིགས་
ཚུགསཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གནམ་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ དབྱིན་ཟླ་ ༢ པ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཐའ་དབུས་
མེད་པར་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་གནམ་སྟོང་འཕྲུལ་ཆས་ [[སེ་ཊ་ལཱེཊྲ་]](satellite) གི་ཐོག་ལས་ཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་སྦེ་
བཟོ་ ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཤར་ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ [[ཨིན་དོ་ནེ་ཤི་ཡ]]་ལས་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་
ཀྲར་ཀི་(Turkey) གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་བརྩི་སྟི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༤༠ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱིས་ ཉིན་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་ཕྱི་རུ་ཆུ་ཚོད་༦་ལས་ ༡༡ ཚུན་ ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༥ གི་རིང་ལུ་ ལས་རིམ་ཁག་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་བཏང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་རིམ་དེ་ཡང་ ཕྱི་རུ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༦ ལས་ ༨ དང་ ༩ ལས་ ༡༠ ཚུན་ ཆུ་ཚོད་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་ དུས་ཡུན་སྐར་མ་ ༣༠ གི་རིང་ལུ་ གནས་ཚུལ་དང་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་ཚུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ དབྱིན་སྐད་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་དང་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་ཚུ་ཕྱི་རུ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༨ ལས་ ༩ དང་༡༠་ལས་ ༡༡ ཚུན་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་
འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

དེ་ལས་ ནངས་པ་དྲོ་པ་ཆུ་ཚོད་༦ ལས་༡༡ ཚུན་ ཡང་བསྐྱར་དུ་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ལོག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབདཝ་མ་ཚད་གཟའ་ཉིམ་དང་
ཟླཝ་ལུ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༣ ཐེབས་སྦེ་ ཉི་མ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༣ ལས་ཕྱི་རུ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༦ ཚུན་ཚད་ སྤྲོ་སྟོན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ གླུ་གཞས་དང་
གློག་བརྙེན་ཚུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།།

== འབྲེལ་མཐུད། == 
* http://www.bbs.com.bt


[[Category:འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</text>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Wolverène|Wolverène]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="134" xml:space="preserve">'''མོ་མོ་'''
* [[ལྟོ]]
[[Image:Momocha.jpg|thumb|right|250px|མོ་མོ་]]


{{stub}}

[[Category:ལྟོ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="203" xml:space="preserve">* Pages marked with [[Template:delete|&lt;nowiki&gt;{{delete}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]] will be listed here. (Please feel free to translate to the local language if you wish)

[[Category:Wikipedia]]
__EXPECTUNUSEDCATEGORY__</text>
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This is the place to apply for adminship /sysop status in Dzonkha wikipedia.
==Requests==
===[[User:Eukesh|Eukesh]]===
I would like to present myself for sysop access in order to improve the input system which I had installed in this wiki during my tenure as temporary admin. Thank you--[[User:Eukesh|Eukesh]] ༡༥:༡༣, ༢༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ། ༢༠༠༩ (UTC)
====Support====
====Oppose====
====Comments====</text>
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[[Category:ལག་ལེན་པ བོད་ཡིག|*]]
[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི]]


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[[Category:User dz-0|*]]


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'''ཨལ་བཱ་ནི་ཡ།'''

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{{stub}}

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{{Africa}}

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'''ཨེན་ཌོ་ར།'''

{{Europe}}


{{stub}}

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      <comment>Bot: Migrating 207 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q414]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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[[image:Flag of Argentina.svg|100px]]
[[image:Coat of arms of Argentina.svg|100px]]

རྒྱལ་ས [[བྷུའི་ནོས་ ཨའི་རིས]] ''(Buenos Aires)''།

[[File:Argentina topo blank.jpg|right|thumb|ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན་]]

[[File:ViñedoCafayate.jpg|thumb|right|250px]]


----
* [[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]] 

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]

&lt;!--Other languages--&gt;</text>
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'''ཨར་མེ་ནི་ཡ།'''

{{Asia}}
{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

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{{stub}}

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'''ཨཛར་བཡེ་ཇན།'''

{{Asia}}
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{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
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'''བཱ་ཧ་མས྄།'''


{{stub}}

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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''''བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ ''&lt;br /&gt;''Беларусь'''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
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|-
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[[File:Flag of Belarus.svg|right|150px]]
[[File:Europe location BLR.png|200px]]

'''བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ།'''


* Commons:[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Belarus]

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ་ |*]]
[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
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'''བེ་ལིཛ།'''

{{America}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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[[File:Flag of Benin.svg|right|200px]]
[[File:Benin in its region.svg|right|200px]]
'''བཱེ་ནིན།'''

{{Africa}}
{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]]</comment>
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[[File:LocationBermuda.png|right|200px]]

'''བར་མུ་ཌ།'''


{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི|ru-1]]

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|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''''ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ''&lt;br /&gt;''Lietuva'''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
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| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of Arms of Lithuania.svg|105px]]
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|-
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'''ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ'''  ༼ Lietuva ༽


[[File:Flag of Lithuania.svg|right|150px]]
[[File:Location Lithuania EU Europe.png|right|200px]]

----
* [[བིལ་ནི་ཡཱསི།]]


* Commons:[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lithuania]

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ|*]]
[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཡུ་རོབ་]]</text>
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[[File:LocationLatvia.png|right|200px]]
'''ལེཊི་བི་ཡ།'''

----
* [[རི་ག]]

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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[[File:Europe location VAT.png|right|200px]]
'''བ་ཊི་ཀཱན།'''

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="24355" xml:space="preserve">This is a list of basic subjects for which Wikipedia should have a corresponding high-quality article, and ideally a featured article. Ideally this page should list approximately 1,000 of the most vital Wikipedia articles.
* Last modified see on: [[:meta:List of articles every Wikipedia should have]]

== People (121 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}

=== Artists ===
#  [[Leonardo da Vinci]]
#  [[Michelangelo]]
#  [[Diego Velázquez]]
#  [[Rembrandt]]
# '''[[Shitao]]'''
#  [[Hokusai]]
#  [[Claude Monet]]
#  [[Vincent van Gogh]]
#  [[Pablo Picasso]]
#  [[Salvador Dalí]]

=== Authors ===
#  [[Homer]]
#  [[Sophocles]]
#  [[Virgil]]
#  [[Li Bai]]
#  [[Rumi]]
#  [[Dante Alighieri]]
#  [[William Shakespeare]]
#  [[Miguel de Cervantes]]
#  [[Molière]]
#  [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]]
#  [[Edgar Allan Poe]]
#  [[Fyodor Dostoyevsky]]
#  [[Leo Tolstoy]]
#  [[James Joyce]]
#  [[Franz Kafka]]
#  [[Pablo Neruda]]

=== Composers and musicians ===
#  [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]
#  [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]
#  [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]
#  [[Frédéric Chopin]]
#  [[Giuseppe Verdi]]
#  [[Richard Wagner]]
#  [[Louis Armstrong]]
#  [[Igor Stravinsky]]
#  [[Elvis Presley]]
#  [[The Beatles]]

=== Explorers ===
#  [[Roald Amundsen]]
#  [[Jacques Cartier]]
#  [[Christopher Columbus]]
#  [[James Cook]]
#  [[Ferdinand Magellan]]
#  [[Marco Polo]]
#  [[Ibn Battuta]]
#  [[Zheng He]]

=== Inventors and scientists ===
#  [[Nicolaus Copernicus]]
#  [[Charles Darwin]]
#  [[Thomas Edison]]
#  [[Albert Einstein]]
#  [[Galileo Galilei]]
#  [[Geber]]
#  [[Antoine Lavoisier]]
#  [[Carl Linnaeus]]
#  [[Antonie van Leeuwenhoek]]
#  [[Isaac Newton]]
#  [[John Dalton]]
#  [[Nikola Tesla]]
#  [[Sigmund Freud]]
#  [[Niels Bohr]]
#  [[Marie Curie]]
#  [[Dmitri Mendeleev]]
{{col-break}}

=== Mathematicians ===
#  [[Archimedes]]
#  [[Euclid]]
#  [[Leonhard Euler]]
#  [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]]
#  [[Kurt Gödel]]
#  [[David Hilbert]]
#  [[Gottfried Leibniz]]
#  [[Blaise Pascal]]
#  [[Henri Poincaré]]
#  [[Pythagoras]]
#  [[Alan Turing]]
#  [[Al-Khwārizmī|Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī]]

=== Philosophers and social scientists ===
#  [[Confucius]]
#  [[Socrates]]
#  [[Plato]]
#  [[Aristotle]]
# '''[[Nagarjuna]]'''
#  [[Avicenna]]
#  [[Thomas Aquinas]]
#  [[Ibn Khaldun]]
#  [[René Descartes]]
#  [[John Locke]]
#  [[Immanuel Kant]]
#  [[Karl Marx]]
#  [[Friedrich Nietzsche]]
#  [[Max Weber]]

=== Religious figures ===
#  [[Abraham]]
#  [[ཤཱ་ཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ]]
#  [[Guru Nanak Dev]]
#  [[Jesus]]
#  [[Krishna]]
#  [[Laozi]]
#  [[Martin Luther]]
#  [[Moses]]
#  [[Muhammad]]
#  [[Saint Paul|Paul the Apostle]]
#  [[Zoroaster]]

=== Politicians and leaders ===
#  [[Hammurabi]]
#  [[Cyrus the Great]]
#  [[Alexander the Great]]
#  [[Qin Shi Huang]]
#  [[Julius Caesar]]
#  [[Cleopatra VII]]
#  [[Augustus]]
#  [[Attila the Hun]]
#  [[Charlemagne]]
#  [[Genghis Khan]]
#  [[Joan of Arc]]
#  [[Suleiman the Magnificent]]
#  [[Elizabeth I of England]]
#  [[George Washington]]
#  [[Napoleon I of France]]
#  [[Simón Bolívar]]
#  [[Abraham Lincoln]]
#  [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]
#  [[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi]]
#  [[Vladimir Lenin]]
#  [[Winston Churchill]]
#  [[Joseph Stalin]]
#  [[Adolf Hitler]]
#  [[Mao Zedong]]
{{col-end}}

== History (60 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
#  [[History]]
#  [[Civilization]]
#  [[History of the world]]
#  [[History of Africa]]
# '''[[History of the Americas]]'''
#  [[History of China]]
#  [[History of Europe]]
#  [[History of India]]
#  [[History of Japan]]
#  [[History of the Middle East]]

=== Prehistory to Middle Ages ===
# '''[[Prehistory]]'''
#  [[Stone Age]]
##  [[Mesopotamia]]
## '''[[Neolithic Revolution]]'''
##  [[Sumer]]
#  [[Bronze Age]]
##  [[Ancient Egypt]]
##  [[Assyria]]
##  [[Indus Valley Civilization]]
#  [[Iron Age]]
##  [[Ancient Greece]]
##  [[Ancient Rome]]
##  [[Persian Empire]]
#  [[Middle Ages]]
##  [[Black Death]]
##  [[Byzantine Empire]]
##  [[Crusades]]
##  [[East-West Schism]]
##  [[Holy Roman Empire]]
##  [[Islamic Golden Age]]
##  [[Mongol Empire]]
##  [[Ottoman Empire]]
##  [[Viking Age]]
{{col-break}}

=== Renaissance to present ===
#  [[Abolitionism]]
# '''[[Age of Discovery]]'''
#  [[Age of Enlightenment]]
#  [[British Empire]]
#  [[Civil rights movement]]
#  [[Cold War]]
# '''[[Congress of Vienna]]'''
#  [[Cultural Revolution]]
#  [[European colonization of the Americas]]
#  [[French Revolution]]
#  [[Great Depression]]
#  [[The Holocaust]]
#  [[Industrial Revolution]]
#  [[Iranian Revolution]]
#  [[Korean War]]
#  [[Napoleonic Wars]]
#  [[Protestant Reformation]]
#  [[Renaissance]]
# '''[[Russian Empire]]'''
#  [[Scientific Revolution]]
#  [[Scramble for Africa]]
#  [[Soviet Union]]
#  [[Space exploration]]
#  [[History of the United States]]
#  [[Women's suffrage]]
#  [[World War I]]
#  [[World War II]]
{{col-end}}

== Geography (100 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
#  [[Geography]] [[ས་ཆ་རིག་པ]]
#  [[གྲོང་ས]]
#  [[Continent]]
#  [[རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
#  [[Desert]]
#  [[Forest]]
#  [[Glacier]]
#  [[Mountain]]
#  [[Ocean]]
#  [[River]]

=== Bodies of water ===
#  [[Amazon River]]
#  [[Atlantic Ocean]]
#  [[Black Sea]]
#  [[Caspian Sea]]
#  [[Great Barrier Reef]]
#  [[Indian Ocean]]
#  [[Mediterranean Sea]]
#  [[Nile]]
#  [[Pacific Ocean]]
#  [[Panama Canal]]
#  [[Suez Canal]]

=== Cities ===
#  [[ཨེ་ཐེནསི]]
#  [[Beijing]]
#  [[བར་ལིན]]
#  [[Delhi]]
#  [[ཧོང་ཀོང]]
#  [[ཨིསི་ཏཱན་བཱུལ]]
#  [[ཇེ་རུ་ས་ལིམ]]
#  [[ལཱན་ཌཱན]]
#  [[ལའོསི་ཨེན་ཇི་ལེསི]]
#  [[Mecca]]
#  [[མོསི་ཀོ]]
#  [[ནིའུ་ཡོརོཀ]]
#  [[པེ་རིསི]]
#  [[རོམ]]
#  [[སའོ་པའོ་ལོ]]
#  [[སི་འོལ]]
#  [[ཊོ་ཀི་ཡོ]]

=== Continents and regions ===
#  [[ཨཕ་རི་ཀ]]
#  [[ཨཱན་ཊརཊི་་ཊི་ཀ]]
#  [[Arctic]]
#  [[ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]
#  [[ཡུ་རོབ]]
#  [[Latin America]]
#  [[Middle East]]
#  [[North America]]
#  [[Oceania]]
#  [[South America]]
{{col-break}}

=== Countries ===

#  [[ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན]]
#  [[ཨས་ཊེཡེ་ལི་ཡ]]
#  [[བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ]]
#  [[བ་ར་ཛིལ]]
#  [[མི་ཡཱན་མར]]
#  [[ཀེ་ན་ཌ]]
#  [[People's Republic of China]]
#  [[ཀོ་ལོམ་བི་ཡ]]
#  [[ཀོང་གོ་མི་སེར་དམངས་གཙོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
#  [[ཌེན་མཱཀ]]
#  [[ཨི་ཇིཔཊ]]
#  [[ཨི་ཐོ་པི་ཡ]]
#  [[ཕིན་ལེནཌ]]
#  [[ཕརཱནས]]
#  [[ཇཱར་མ་ན]]
#  [[གིརིས]]
#  [[རྒྱ་གར]]
#  [[ཨིན་ཌོ་ནེ་ཤི་ཡ]]
#  [[ཨི་རཱན]]
#  [[ཨི་རཀ]]
#  [[ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ]]
#  [[ཨིཛ་རཱེལ]]
#  [[ཨྀཊ་ལ]]
#  [[ཇ་པཱན]]
#  [[མེཀསི་ཀོ]]
#  [[ནེ་དར་ལེནཌས]]
#  [[ནའི་ཇི་རི་ཡ]]
#  [[ནོར་ཝེ]]
#  [[པ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན]]
#  [[ཕི་ལི་པིནསི]]
#  [[པོ་ལེནཌི]]
#  [[ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན]]
#  [[སའུ་དི་ཨ་ར་བི་ཡ]]
#  [[སིང་ག་པུར]]
#  [[སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ]]
#  [[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ]]
#  [[སིཔཱེན]]
#  [[སུའི་ཌན]]
#  [[ཏའི་ཝཱན]]
#  [[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ]]
#  [[ཊར་ཀི]]
#  [[ཡུཀ་རའིན]]
#  [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ]]
#  [[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས]]
#  [[བེཊ་ནཱམ]]

=== Mountains, valleys and deserts ===
#  [[Alps]]
#  [[Andes]]
#  [[Gobi Desert]]
#  [[Grand Canyon]]
#  [[Himalayas]]
##  [[Mount Everest]]
#  [[Sahara]]
{{col-end}}

== Arts and culture (60 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
#  [[Art]]
# '''[[History of art]]'''
#  [[Aesthetics]]
#  [[Library]]
# '''[[Museum]]'''
# '''[[Art museum]]'''

=== Artistic movements ===
# '''[[Gothic art]]'''
#  '''[[Baroque]]'''
#  [[Romanticism]]
#  [[Modernism]]
#  [[Postmodernism]]
#  [[Popular culture]]

=== Literature ===
#  [[Literature]]
#  [[History of literature]]
# '''[[Prose]]'''
##  [[Book]]
## '''[[Fiction]]'''
###  [[Novel]]
### '''[[Short story]]'''
#  [[Poetry]]
## '''[[Rhyme]]'''
## Forms
###  [[Epic poetry]]
###  [[Haiku]]
### '''[[Sonnet]]'''

=== Music ===
#  [[Music]]
#  [[History of music]]
#  [[Musical instrument]]
#  [[Singing]]
# Genres
##  [[Classical music]]
##  [[Folk music]]
##  [[Hip hop music]]
##  [[Jazz]]
##  [[Pop music]]
##  [[Rock music]]
{{col-break}}

=== Performing arts ===
#  [[Performing arts]]
#  [[Dance]]
##  [[Ballet]]
#  [[Film]]
## '''[[Documentary film]]'''
#  [[Opera]]
## '''[[Orchestra]]'''
# '''[[Theatre]]'''
##  [[Comedy]]
##  [[Tragedy]]
## '''[[Drama]]'''
##  [[Musical theatre]]

=== Visual arts ===
# '''[[Visual arts]]'''
#  [[Architecture]]
##  [[Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]]
##  [[Great Wall of China]]
#  [[Comics]]
#  [[Drawing]]
#  [[Painting]]
## '''[[Illustration]]'''
## '''[[Portrait]]'''
#  [[Photography]]
#  [[Sculpture]]
## '''[[Pottery]]'''
## '''[[Statue]]'''
# '''[[Arts and crafts]]'''
{{col-end}}

== Philosophy and religion (79 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
=== Philosophy ===
#  [[Philosophy]]
# Philosophical branches
##  [[Ethics]]
##  [[Epistemology]]
### '''[[Belief]]'''
###  [[Knowledge]]
###  [[Truth]]
##  [[Logic]]
##  [[Metaphysics]]
###  [[Existence]]
### '''[[Ontology]]'''
### [[Free will]]
# Philosophy by region and period
## '''[[Western philosophy]]'''
### '''[[Greek philosophy]]'''
###  [[Medieval philosophy]]
### '''[[Contemporary philosophy]]'''
## '''[[Eastern philosophy]]'''
### '''[[Chinese philosophy]]'''
### '''[[Indian philosophy]]'''
### '''[[Islamic philosophy]]'''
# Philosophical movements
## '''[[Confucianism]]'''
##  [[Empiricism]]
##  [[Existentialism]]
## '''[[Idealism]]'''
## '''[[Hedonism]]'''
##  [[Humanism]]
##  [[Marxism]]
##  [[Materialism]]
##  [[Nihilism]]
## '''[[Rationalism]]'''
## '''[[Philosophical realism]]'''
## '''[[Skepticism]]'''
{{col-break}}

=== Religion ===
#  [[Religion]]
# '''[[Deity]]'''
##  [[God]]
##  [[Goddess]]
#  [[Mythology]]
#  [[Mysticism]]
#  [[Soul]]
#  [[Spirituality]]
#  [[Meditation]]
#  [[Prayer]]
# '''[[Worship]]'''
#  [[Yoga]]
# Theistic philosophies
## '''[[Theism]]'''
## '''[[Agnosticism]]'''
##  [[Atheism]]
##  [[Deism]]
##  [[Gnosticism]]
##  [[Pantheism]]

=== Specific religions ===
#  [[Bahá'í Faith]]
#  [[Buddhism]]
##  [[Mahayana]]
##  [[Theravada]]
## '''[[Vajrayana]]'''
#  [[Christianity]]
##  [[Bible]]
##  [[Christian Church]]
##  [[Roman Catholic Church]]
##  [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]
##  [[Protestantism]]
##  [[Pope]]
#  [[Hinduism]]
##  [[Bhagavad Gita]]
##  [[Upanishads]]
##  [[Vedas]]
#  [[Islam]]
##  [[Mosque]]
##  [[Five pillars of Islam]]
##  [[Divisions of Islam]]
##  [[Qur'an]]
#  [[Jainism]]
#  [[Judaism]]
##  [[Tanakh]]
#  [[Shinto]]
#  [[Sikhism]]
##  [[Guru Granth Sahib]]
#  [[Taoism]]
# '''[[Haitian Vodou|Voodoo]]'''
#  [[Zoroastrianism]]
{{col-end}}

== Everyday life (80 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
#  [[Clothing]]
# '''[[Cooking]]'''
#  [[Color]]
## '''[[Black]]'''
## '''[[White]]'''
#  [[Emotion]]
##  [[Anger]]
##  [[Fear]]
##  [[Love]]
##  [[Happiness]]
#  [[Family]]
## '''[[Adult]]'''
## '''[[Child]]'''
##  [[Infant]]
##  [[Marriage]]
#  [[Gender]]
##  [[Man]]
##  [[Woman]]
#  [[Mind]]
##  [[Consciousness]]
## '''[[Thought]]'''
#  [[Sleep]]
##  [[Dream]]

=== Food and drink ===
#  [[Food]]
#  [[Bread]]
#  [[Cheese]]
#  [[Fruit]]
# '''[[Cereal]]'''
#  [[Maize]]
#  [[Meat]]
#  [[Oat]]
#  [[Potato]]
#  [[Rice]]
#  [[Soybean]]
#  [[Vegetable]]
#  [[Wheat]]
#  [[Beer]]
#  [[Coffee]]
# '''[[Drinking water]]'''
#  [[Milk]]
#  [[Tea]]
#  [[Wine]]
{{col-break}}

=== Language ===
#  [[Language]]
#  [[Alphabet]]
## '''[[Letter (alphabet)|Letter]]'''
##  [[Arabic alphabet]]
##  [[Chinese character]]
##  [[Cyrillic alphabet]]
##  [[Greek alphabet]]
##  [[Hangul]]
##  [[Latin alphabet]]
# '''[[Grammar]]'''
# '''[[Word]]'''
# '''[[Writing]]'''
# Specific languages
##  [[Arabic language]]
##  [[Bengali language]]
##  [[Chinese language]]
##  [[English language]]
##  [[French language]]
##  [[German language]]
## '''[[Greek language]]'''
##  [[Hindi]]
##  [[Japanese language]]
##  [[Latin]]
##  [[Portuguese language]]
##  [[Russian language]]
##  [[Sanskrit]]
##  [[Spanish language]]

=== Recreation and entertainment ===
# '''[[Recreation]]'''
#  [[Game]]
## '''[[Board game]]'''
##  [[Chess]]
##  [[Draughts]]
##  [[Go (board game)|Go]]
##  [[Video game]]
#  [[Gambling]]
#  [[Sport]]
##  [[Association football]] (soccer)
##  [[Track and field athletics|Athletics]]
#  [[Toy]]
{{col-end}}

== Society and social sciences (80 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
# '''[[Society]]'''
#  [[Culture]]

=== Social issues ===
#  [[Abortion]]
#  [[Euthanasia]]
#  [[Suicide]]
#  [[Discrimination]]
##  [[Racism]]
## '''[[Sexism]]'''
#  [[Education]]
# '''[[Freedom (political)|Freedom]]'''
##  [[Slavery]]
#  [[Globalization]]
#  [[Law]]
##  [[Capital punishment]]
##  [[Civil rights]]
##  [[Constitution]]
##  [[Crime]]
## '''[[Justice]]'''
##  [[Police]]
#  [[Peace]]
##  [[War]]
#  [[Pollution]]
#  [[Poverty]]
#  [[Feminism]]

=== Business and economics ===
#  [[Business]]
#  [[Economics]]
## '''[[Good (economics)|Good]]'''
##  [[Service (economics)|Service]]
# '''[[Company]]'''
# '''[[Corporation]]'''
#  [[Finance]]
# '''[[Industry]]'''
##  [[Agriculture]]
## '''[[Manufacturing]]'''
##  [[Mining]]
# '''[[Market]]'''
#  [[Money]]
##  [[Euro]]
##  [[Japanese yen]]
##  [[Pound sterling]]
##  [[United States dollar]]
#  [[Tax]]
#  [[Trade]]
{{col-break}}

=== Media ===
#  [[Advertising]]
# '''[[Broadcasting]]'''
#  [[Journalism]]
# '''[[Magazine]]'''
#  [[Mass media]]
# '''[[News]]'''
#  [[Newspaper]]
#  [[Publishing]]

=== Politics and government ===
#  [[Politics]]
#  [[Government]]
#  [[Capitalism]]
#  [[Socialism]]
#  [[Anarchism]]
#  [[Communism]]
#  [[Democracy]]
# '''[[Dictatorship]]'''
#  [[Fascism]]
#  [[Monarchy]]
#  [[Theocracy]]
#  [[Conservatism]]
#  [[Liberalism]]
#  [[Diplomacy]]
# '''[[Imperialism]]'''
# '''[[Military]]'''
#  [[Nationalism]]
#  [[State]]
# Specific political and governmental institutions
##  [[European Union]]
##  [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]]
##  [[NATO]]
##  [[Nobel Prize]]
##  [[United Nations]]
##  [[World Trade Organization]]

=== Social sciences ===
# '''[[Social sciences]]'''
##  [[Anthropology]]
## '''[[Political science]]'''
##  [[Psychology]]
##  [[Sociology]]
{{col-end}}

== Health and medicine (40 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
=== Disease ===
#  [[Disease]]
#  [[Alzheimer's disease]]
#  [[Cancer]]
#  [[Cholera]]
#  [[Common cold]]
#  [[Diabetes mellitus]]
# '''[[Dysentery]]'''
#  [[Influenza]]
#  [[Malaria]]
#  [[Parkinson's disease]]
#  [[Sexually transmitted disease]]
##  [[AIDS]]
##  [[Syphilis]]
#  [[Smallpox]]
#  [[Tuberculosis]]

=== Health and fitness ===
#  [[Health]]
# '''[[Hygiene]]'''
#  [[Obesity]]
#  [[Stress (biological)|Stress]]
#  [[Addiction]]
#  [[Drug]]
#  [[Nutrition]]
{{col-break}}

=== Medicine ===
#  [[Medicine]]
#  [[Birth control]]
#  [[Disability]]
##  [[Autism]]
##  [[Blindness]]
##  [[Hearing impairment]]
##  [[Mental illness]]
# Physical trauma
##  [[Bone fracture]]
## '''[[Brain damage]]'''
##  [[Burn]]
##  [[Frostbite]]
##  [[Bleeding]]
##  [[Inflammation]]
##  [[Stroke]]
#  [[Pharmaceutical drug]]
##  [[Antibiotic]]
##  [[Vaccine]]
#  [[Physician]]
{{col-end}}

== Science (180 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
#  [[Science]]
#   [[History of science]]
#  [[Nature]]
# '''[[Philosophy of science]]'''
#  [[Scientific method]]

=== Astronomy ===
#  [[Astronomy]]
#  [[Asteroid]]
#  [[Big Bang]]
#  [[Comet]]
#  [[Eclipse]]
#  [[Galaxy]]
##  [[Milky Way]]
#  [[Natural satellite]]
#  [[Orbit]]
#  [[Outer space]]
#  [[Physical cosmology]]
#  [[Planet]]
#  [[Solar System]]
##  [[Sun]]
##  [[Mercury (planet)|Mercury]]
##  [[Venus]]
##  [[Earth]]
###  [[Moon]]
##  [[Mars]]
##  [[Asteroid belt]]
##  [[Jupiter]]
##  [[Saturn]]
##  [[Uranus]]
##  [[Neptune]]
#  [[Star]]
#  [[Supernova]]
#   [[Universe]]

=== Biology ===
#  [[Biology]]
#  [[Life]]
#  [[Abiogenesis]]
#  [[Anatomy]]
##  [[Brain]]
## '''[[Gastrointestinal tract]]'''
##  [[Heart]]
##  [[Immune system]]
##  [[Lung]]
## '''[[Skeleton]]'''
#  [[Reproduction]]
##  [[Pregnancy]]
##  [[Sex]]
## '''[[Male]]'''
## '''[[Female]]'''
#  [[Botany]]
#  [[Cell (biology)|Cell]]
#  [[Ecology]]
## '''[[Ecosystem]]'''
#  [[Evolution]]
##  [[Natural selection]]
#  [[Genetics]]
##  [[DNA]]
##  [[Gene]]
## '''[[Heredity]]'''
#  [[Organism]]
##  [[Animal]]
###  [[Amphibian]]
###  [[Bird]]
###  [[Dinosaur]]
###  [[Fish]]
###  [[Insect]]
###  [[Mammal]]
####  [[Cattle]]
####  [[Cat]]
####  [[Dog]]
####  [[Horse]]
####  [[Human]]
###  [[Reptile]]
##  [[Archaea]]
##  [[Bacteria]]
##  [[Fungus]]
##  [[Plant]]
###  [[Flower]]
###  [[Tree]]
## '''[[Protist]]'''
#  [[Species]]
# '''[[Zoology]]'''
{{col-break}}

=== Chemistry ===
#  [[Chemistry]]
#  [[Biochemistry]]
#  [[Organic chemistry]]
#  [[Inorganic chemistry]]
#  [[Acid]]
#  [[Alloy]]
##  [[Bronze]]
##  [[Steel]]
#  [[Atom]]
# '''[[Base (chemistry)|Base]]'''
#  [[Catalysis]]
#  [[Chemical bond]]
# '''[[Chemical compound]]'''
##  [[Alcohol]]
##  [[Carbon dioxide]]
## '''[[Oil]]'''
##  [[Salt (chemistry)|Salt]]
##  [[Water]]
#  [[Chemical element]]
##  [[Aluminium]]
##  [[Carbon]]
##  [[Copper]]
##  [[Gold]]
##  [[Helium]]
##  [[Hydrogen]]
##  [[Iron]]
##  [[Nitrogen]]
##  [[Oxygen]]
##  [[Silicon]]
##  [[Silver]]
##  [[Sulfur]]
##  [[Uranium]]
#  [[Chemical reaction]]
# '''[[Crystal]]'''
# '''[[Electrolysis]]'''
#  [[Glass]]
# '''[[Ion]]'''
#  [[Metal]]
#  [[Mineral]]
#  [[Molecule]]
#  [[Periodic table]]

=== Earth science ===
#  [[Earth science]]
#  [[History of Earth]]
#  [[Geology]]
##  [[Avalanche]]
## '''[[Crust (geology)|Crust]]'''
##  [[Earthquake]]
## [[Erosion]]
##  [[Fault (geology)|Geologic fault]]
##  [[Magma]]
##  [[Mantle (geology)|Mantle]]
##  [[Plate tectonics]]
##  [[Volcano]]
#  [[Earth's atmosphere]]
##  [[Climate]]
##  [[Cloud]]
##  '''[[Flood]]'''
##  [[Global warming]]
##  [[Meteorology]]
##  [[Rain]]
##  [[Tornado]]
##  [[Tropical cyclone]]
##  [[Weather]]
# '''[[Oceanography]]'''

=== Physics ===
#  [[Physics]]
#  [[Particle physics]]
##  [[Standard Model]]
##  [[Subatomic particle]]
###  [[Electron]]
###  [[Neutrino]]
###  [[Neutron]]
###  [[Photon]]
###  [[Proton]]
#  [[Classical mechanics]]
##  [[Kinematics]]
##  [[Newton's laws of motion]]
#  [[Energy]]
##  [[Kinetic energy]]
## '''[[Potential energy]]'''
#  [[Force]]
##  [[Electromagnetism]]
##  [[Gravitation]]
##  [[Strong interaction]]
##  [[Weak interaction]]
#  [[Heat]]
##  [[Temperature]]
#  [[Light]]
##  [[Electromagnetic radiation]]
##  [[Speed of light]]
##  [[Visible spectrum]]
#  [[Mass]]
##  [[Weight]]
# '''[[Matter]]'''
# '''[[Motion (physics)|Motion]]'''
#  [[Quantum mechanics]]
#  [[Sound]]
# '''[[Space]]'''
#  [[Thermodynamics]]
#  [[Theory of relativity]]
#  [[Time]]
{{col-end}}

== Technology (120 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
#  [[Technology]]
# '''[[History of technology]]'''
#  [[Engineering]]
#  [[Artificial intelligence]]
#  [[Biotechnology]]
# '''[[Genetic engineering]]'''
# '''[[Nuclear technology]]'''
# '''[[Tool]]'''

=== Energy ===
#  [[Electricity]]
#  [[Geothermal power]]
#  [[Hydropower]]
#  [[Nuclear power]]
#  [[Petroleum]]
#  [[Solar energy]]
#  [[Wind power]]

=== Electronics ===
#  [[Electronics]]
#  [[Battery (electricity)|Battery]]
#  [[Capacitor]]
#  [[Diode]]
#  [[Incandescent light bulb]]
#  [[Integrated circuit]]
#  [[Semiconductor]]
#  [[Transistor]]

=== Mechanical and structural engineering ===
#  [[Mechanical engineering]]
#  [[Engine]]
##  [[Electric motor]]
##  [[Internal combustion engine]]
##  [[Jet engine]]
##  [[Steam engine]]
# '''[[Inclined plane]]'''
#  [[Lever]]
# '''[[Pulley]]'''
#  [[Robot]]
# '''[[Wheel]]'''
# '''[[Arch]]'''
#  [[Bridge]]
#  [[Canal]]
#  [[Dam]]
# '''[[Dome]]'''
# '''[[House]]'''
#  [[Pyramid]]
# '''[[Tower]]'''

=== Transportation ===
#  [[Transport]]
#  [[Vehicle]]
#  [[Aircraft]]
#  [[Automobile]]
#  [[Bicycle]]
#  [[Elevator]]
#  [[Helicopter]]
#  [[Motorcycle]]
#  [[Train]]

=== Information technology ===
# '''[[Information technology]]'''
#  [[Abacus]]
#  [[Calculator]]
#  [[Computer]]
#  [[Cryptography]]

=== Optical ===
#  [[Camera]]
#  [[Glasses]]
#  [[Laser]]
#  [[Lens (optics)|Lens]]
#  [[Microscope]]
#  [[Prism (optics)|Prism]]
#  [[Telescope]]
{{col-break}}

=== Media and communication ===
#  [[Telecommunication]]
#  [[E-mail]]
#  [[Internet]]
#  [[Microphone]]
#  [[Mobile phone]]
#  [[Printing press]]
#  [[Printing]]
#  [[Radio]]
#  [[Telephone]]
#  [[Television]]
#  [[Typewriter]]
#  [[Video]]
#  [[World Wide Web]]

=== Navigation and timekeeping ===
#  [[Calendar]]
#  [[Clock]]
#  [[Compass]]
#  [[Global Positioning System]]
#  [[Gyroscope]]
#  [[Pendulum]]
#  [[Radar]]
#  [[Sonar]]
#  [[Sundial]]

=== Weapons ===
#  [[Weapon]]
#  [[Artillery]]
# '''[[Bow (weapon)|Bow]]'''
#  [[Firearm]]
# '''[[Handgun]]'''
#  [[Knife]]
#  [[Machine gun]]
#  [[Nuclear weapon]]
#  [[Rifle]]
# '''[[Sword]]'''
#  [[Submarine]]
#  [[Tank]]

=== Material and chemical ===
#  [[Candle]]
#  [[Fire]]
#  [[Explosive material]]
##  [[Dynamite]]
##  [[Gasoline]]
##  [[Gunpowder]]
#  [[Metallurgy]]
#  [[Plastic]]
#  [[Rubber]]

=== Food and health ===
#  [[Electrocardiogram]]
#  [[Magnetic resonance imaging]]
#  [[Pasteurization]]
# '''[[Refrigerator]]'''
#  [[Stove]]
#  [[X-ray]]
#  [[Anesthesia]]

=== Space ===
#  [[Hubble Space Telescope]]
#  [[International Space Station]]
#  [[Moon landing]]
#  [[Rocket]]
#  [[Satellite]]
#  [[Space Shuttle]]
# '''[[Space station]]'''
{{col-end}}

== Mathematics (60 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
#  [[Mathematics]]
# '''[[Mathematical constant|Constant]]'''
##  [[Pi]]
##  [[e (mathematical constant)|e]]
#  [[Number]]
##  [[Complex number]]
##  [[Integer]]
##  [[Natural number]]
##  [[Number theory]]
##  [[Prime number]]
##  [[Rational number]]
##  [[Real number]]
#  [[Arithmetic]]
##  [[Addition]]
## '''[[Subtraction]]'''
## '''[[Multiplication]]'''
##  [[Division (mathematics)|Division]]
##  [[Fraction (mathematics)|Fraction]]
## '''[[Percentage]]'''
##  [[Exponentiation]]
##  [[Square root]]
# '''[[Combinatorics]]'''
# '''[[Numerical digit|Digit]]'''
# '''[[Equation]]'''
#  [[Function (mathematics)|Function]]
#  [[Logarithm]]
# '''[[Variable]]'''
#  [[Algebra]]
#  [[Linear algebra]]
##  [[Matrix (mathematics)|Matrix]]
{{col-break}}
#  '''[[Mathematical analysis]]'''
##  [[Calculus]]
## '''[[Differential equation]]'''
##  [[Infinity]]
##  [[Limit (mathematics)|Limit]]
## '''[[Probability]]'''
##  [[Statistics]]
#  [[Chaos theory]]
#  [[Game theory]]
#  [[Geometry]]
##  [[Angle]]
## '''[[Area]]'''
## '''[[Coordinates (mathematics)|Coordinates]]'''
##  [[Dimension]]
## '''[[Line (geometry)|Line]]'''
## '''[[Plane (geometry)|Plane]]'''
## '''[[Point (geometry)|Point]]'''
## '''[[Shape]]'''
###  [[Circle]]
###  [[Cube]]
###  [[Sphere]]
### '''[[Square (geometry)|Square]]'''
###  [[Triangle]]
### '''[[Cone (geometry)|Cone]]'''
## '''[[Volume]]'''
# '''[[Mathematical proof]]'''
#  [[Series (mathematics)|Series]]
#  [[Set (mathematics)|Set]]
#  [[Topology]]
#  [[Trigonometry]]
{{col-end}}

== Measurement (20 articles) ==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
# '''[[Measurement]]'''
#  [[Metric system]]
#  [[International System of Units]]
# Time
##  [[Second]]
##  [[Day]]
## '''[[Year]]'''
# Length
##  [[Metre]]
# Angle
## '''[[Degree (angle)|Degree]]'''
## '''[[Radian]]'''
{{col-break}}

# Volume
##  [[Litre]]
#  [[Mass]]
##  [[Weight]]
##  [[Kilogram]]
##  [[Ton]]
# Temperature
##  [[Celsius]]
# Force
## '''[[Newton]]'''
# Power
##  [[Watt]]
# Electromagnetism
## '''[[Ampere]]'''
## '''[[Volt]]'''
## '''[[Ohm]]'''

{{col-end}}

== See also ==
* [[m:List of articles every Wikipedia should have|The original list in English with last modified]]

[[Category:Wikipedia]]</text>
      <sha1>qphy7ac7gfd7fjodsve0xag1k6gh5wy</sha1>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Hinrig</username>
        <id>8807</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* རྒྱལ་ཁབབི་ ཐོ། ཐོ་ཡིག */</comment>
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'''List of countries'''

The following is the list of all countries.&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;list of all countries – states without general international recognition.&lt;/ref&gt;


== རྒྱལ་ཁབབི་ ཐོ། ཐོ་ཡིག ==
[[འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དག་གི་མིང་རྫོང་དབྱིན་རྒྱ་གསུམ་ཤན་བསྦྱར]]

=== ཨ ===
&lt;onlyinclude&gt;
* '''''[[Abkhazia]]''''' – Republic of Abkhazia
* '''[[ཨཕ་ག་ནིས་ཏཱན]]''' – ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་ རི་པ་ལིག་ སི་ལ་མིག་ (Pashto: ''د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت'' - ''Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jumhoryat'')
* [[Akrotiri and Dhekelia]] – Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (''[[UK]] overseas territory'')
* [[ཨཱ་ལེནཌི་ མཚོ་གླིང]] – ཨཱ་ལེནཌི་ མཚོ་གླིང། (Åland Islands (''Autonomous province of [[Finland]]'')) (Swedish: ''Landskapet Åland'', Finnish: ''Ahvenanmaan maakunta'')
* '''[[ཨཱལ་བེ་ནི་ཡ]]''' – ཨཱལ་བ་ནི་ཡི་ མི་སེར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། (Albanian: ''Republika e Shqipërisë'')
* '''[[ཨཱལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ]]''' – ཨཱལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ་གི་མི་སེར་དམངས་གཙོ ི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ། ([[ཨ་རབ་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག|ཨ་རབ་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག།]]: ''الجمهورية الجزائرية الديمقراطية الشعبية'' , [[ཕེརེནཆི། ཕརཱནསི་གི་མི་ཁུངས|ཕེརེནཆི། ཕརཱནསི་གི་མི་ཁུངས།]]: ''République démocratique populaire d'Algérie'')
* [[ཨ་མི་རི་ཀཱན་ ས་མོ]] – ཨ་མི་རི་ཀཱན་ ས་མོ་། (Territory of American Samoa (''[[US]] territory'')) ([[ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད|ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད།]]: ''American Samoa'')&lt;/onlyinclude&gt;
* '''[[ཨཱན་དོ་ར]]''' – ཨེན་ཌོ་ར་ རྒྱལ་ཕྲན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ། (Catalan: ''Principat d'Andorra)''
* '''[[ཨང་གྷོ་ལ]]''' – ཨེང་གོ་ལི་ ་མི་སེར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། (Portuguese: ''República de Angola'')
* [[ཨེང་གིུ་ལ།]] (''[[UK]] overseas territory'') ([[ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད|ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད།]]: ''Anguilla'')
* '''[[ཨན་ཊི་གུ་ཝ་ ཨེནཌ་ བྷར་བྷུ་ཌ]]''' – ཨན་ཊི་གུ་ཝ་ ཨེནཌ་ བྷར་བྷུ་ཌ། ([[ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད|ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད།]]: ''Antigua and Barbuda'')
* '''[[ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན]]''' – ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ནི་ མི་སེར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། (Spanish: ''República Argentina'')
* '''[[ཨར་མི་ནི་ཡ]]''' – ཨར་མི་ནིཡི་ མི་སེར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། (Armenian: ''Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն'' - ''Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun'')
* [[ཨ་རུ་བ]] (''Self-governing country in the Kingdom of the Netherlands'')
* United Kingdom [[Ascension Island]] (Dependency of the [[UK]] overseas territory of Saint Helena) ([[ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད|ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད།]]: ''Ascension Island'')
* '''[[ཨས་ཊེཡེ་ལི་ཡ]]''' – ཨས་ཊེཡེ་ལི་ཡ། ([[ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད|ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད།]]: ''Australia'')
* '''[[ཨས་ཊི་ཡ]]''' – ཨཱསི་ཊི་ཡི་ མི་སེར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། ([[ཇར་མཱན། ཇར་མ་ནིའི་མི་རིགས|ཇར་མཱན། ཇར་མ་ནིའི་མི་རིགས།]]: ''Republik Österreich'')
* '''[[ཨཛར་བཡེ་ཇན]]''' – ཨ་ཛར་བ་ཡེ་ཇཱན་གྱི་ མི་སེར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།&lt;ref&gt;See also [[#N|Nagorno-Karabakh]].&lt;/ref&gt; (Azerbaijani: ''Azərbaycan Respublikası'')

=== '''བ''' ===
* '''[[བཱ་ཧ་མས྄]]''' – བ་ཧ་མཱསི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ མཐུན་མོངས་ བྱོར་པ། ([[ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད|ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད།]]: ''Commonwealth of the Bahamas'')
* '''[[བྷ་རེན]]''' – བྷ་རེན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ([[ཨ་རབ་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག|ཨ་རབ་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག།]]: ''مملكة البحرين'' - ''Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn'')
* '''[[བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ]]''' – བང་ལ་དེཤི་ མི་སེར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། (Bengali: ''গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ'' - ''Gônôprôjatôntri Bangladesh'')
* '''[[བྷར་བེ་ཌོས]]''' – བྷར་བེ་ཌོས ([[ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད|ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད།]]: ''Barbados'')
* '''[[བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ]]''' – བེ་ལ་རཱསི་ མི་སེར་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། – (Belorussian: ''Рэспубліка Беларусь'')
* '''[[བེལ་ཇིཡམ]]''' – བེལ་ཇི་ཡམ་ རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ། – ([[ཕེརེནཆི། ཕརཱནསི་གི་མི་ཁུངས|ཕེརེནཆི། ཕརཱནསི་གི་མི་ཁུངས།]]: ''Royaume de Belgique'', [[ཇར་མཱན། ཇར་མ་ནིའི་མི་རིགས|ཇར་མཱན། ཇར་མ་ནིའི་མི་རིགས།]]: ''Königreich Belgien'')
* '''[[བེ་ལིཛ]]''' – བེ་ལིཛ། ([[ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད|ཨིང་ལིཤ། དབྱིན་སྐད།]]: ''Belize'')
* '''[[བཱེ་ནིན]]''' – Republic of Benin
* [[བར་མུ་ཌ]] – Bermuda (''[[UK]] overseas territory'')
* '''[[འབྲུག་ཡུལ]]''' – Kingdom of Bhutan
* '''[[བོ་ལི་ཝིཡ]]''' – Republic of Bolivia
* '''[[བོསྣི་ཡ་དང་ཧརྫོ་གོ་ཝི་ན]]''' – Bosnia and Herzegovina&lt;ref&gt;See also entities [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and [[Republika Srpska]], as well as [[District Brčko]].&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[བྷོཙ་ཝ་ན]]''' – Republic of Botswana
* '''[[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]''' – Federative Republic of Brazil
* '''[[བུ་རུ་ནེ]]''' – Negara Brunei Darussalam
* '''[[བཱལ་གེ་རི་ཡ]]''' – Republic of Bulgaria
* '''[[བརཀི་ན་ཕས]]''' – Burkina Faso
* '''[[བྷུ་རུན་ཌི]]''' – Republic of Burundi

=== C ===
* '''[[ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་]]''' – Kingdom of Cambodia
* '''[[ཁ་མེ་རོན་]]''' – Republic of Cameroon
* '''[[ཀེ་ན་ཌ]]''' – Canada
* '''[[ཁ་བྷོ་ཝེར་ཏེ་]]''' – Republic of Cape Verde
* [[ཁེ་མུན་གླིང་ཚོམ་]] – Cayman Islands (''UK overseas territory'')
* '''[[དབུས་ཨ་ཧྥི་རི་ཁ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་]]''' – Central African Republic
* '''[[ཆ་ཌ་]]''' – Republic of Chad
* '''[[ཅི་ལེ]]''' – Republic of Chile
* '''[[ཀྲུང་ཀོ]]''' – People's Republic of China ([[རྒྱ་ནག]] - China ?)
* [[Christmas Island]] – Territory of Christmas Island (''Australian overseas territory'')
* [[Cocos (Keeling) Islands]] – Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (''Australian overseas territory'')
* '''[[ཀོ་ལོམ་བི་ཡ]]''' – Republic of Colombia
* '''[[ཁོ་མོ་རོ་སུ་]]''' – Union of the Comoros
* '''[[ཁོན་གོ་མི་དམངས་དམངས་གཙོ་]]''' – Democratic Republic of the Congo
* '''[[ཁོན་གོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་]]''' – Republic of the Congo
* [[ཁོ་ཁེ་གླིང་ཕྲན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་]] – Cook Islands (''Associated state of New Zealand'')
* '''[[ཀོ་ས྄ཊ་རི་ཀ]]''' – Republic of Costa Rica
* '''[[བ་སོ་མཚོ་ཁ་]]''' – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
* '''[[ཀུརོ་ཤི་ཡ]]''' – Republic of Croatia
* '''[[ཀིའུ་སྦ]]''' – Republic of Cuba
* '''[[སེབ་རུ་སི་]]''' – Republic of Cyprus&lt;ref&gt;See also [[#N|Northern Cyprus]].&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་]]''' – Czech Republic

=== D ===
* '''[[ཌེན་མཱཀ]]''' – Kingdom of Denmark
* '''[[གཞི་བྷོ་ཊི་]]''' – Republic of Djibouti
* '''[[ཌོ་མི་ནི་ཀ་]]''' – Commonwealth of Dominica
* '''[[Dominican Republic]]''' – Dominican Republic

=== E ===
* '''[[ཤར་ཊི་མོར་]]''' – Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
* '''[[ཨེ་ཁོའོ་ཌོར་]]''' – Republic of Ecuador
* '''[[ཨི་ཇིཔཊ]]''' – Arab Republic of Egypt
* '''[[ཨིལ་སལ་ཝ་ཌོར་]]''' – Republic of El Salvador
* '''[[ཨི་ཁཱ་ཊོ་རལ་དགེ་ནེ་]]''' – Republic of Equatorial Guinea
* '''[[ཨི་རི་ཏྲའ་]]''' – State of Eritrea
* '''[[ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ]]''' – Republic of Estonia
* '''[[ཨི་ཐོ་པེ་ཡ་]]''' – Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

=== F ===
* [[ཧྥོ་ཁི་ལན་ཌི་གླིང་ཚོམ་]] – Falkland Islands (''UK overseas territory'')&lt;ref&gt;[[Falkland Islands]] is also claimed by [[Argentina]] as [[Malvinas|Islas Malvinas]].&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Faroe Islands]] – Faroe Islands (''Self-governing country in the Kingdom of Denmark'')
* '''[[ཧྥི་ཇི་]]''' – Republic of the Fiji Islands
* '''[[ཕིན་ལེནཌ]]''' – Republic of Finland
* '''[[ཕརཱནས]]''' – French Republic
* [[ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་ཕོ་ལི་ནེ་ཤི་ཡ་]] – French Polynesia (''French overseas collectivity'')

=== G ===
* '''[[གྷེ་བྷོན]]''' – Gabonese Republic
* '''[[གྷེམ་བི་ཡ]]''' – Republic of The Gambia
* '''[[ཇཽ་ཇཱ]]''' – Republic of Georgia&lt;ref&gt;See also [[#ཨ|Abkhazia]] and [[#S|South Ossetia]].&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[ཇཱར་མ་ནི]]''' – Federal Republic of Germany
* '''[[གྷ་ན]]''' – Republic of Ghana
* [[Gibraltar]] – Gibraltar (''UK overseas territory'')
* '''[[གྲྀས]]''' (Greece) – Hellenic Republic
* [[གྷི་རིན་ལན་ཌི་]] – Greenland (''Self-governing country in the Kingdom of Denmark'')
* '''[[གྲྀ་ན་ཌ]]''' – Grenada
* [[སྒའམ་]] – Territory of Guam (''US organized territory'')
* '''[[སྒོ་ཊེ་མ་ལ]]''' – Republic of Guatemala
* [[Guernsey]] – Bailiwick of Guernsey (''British Crown dependency'')&lt;ref&gt;The [[Guernsey|Bailiwick of Guernsey]] includes its self-governing dependencies [[Alderney]], [[Herm]] and [[Sark]].&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[སྒེ་ནི་ཡ་]]''' – Republic of Guinea
* '''[[སྒེ་ནི་ཡ་བྷེ་སོ་]]''' – Republic of Guinea-Bissau
* '''[[གྷུ་ཡ་ན་]]''' – Co-operative Republic of Guyana

=== H ===
* '''[[ཧའི་ཏི]]''' – Republic of Haiti
* '''[[ཧོན་ཏུ་ར་སུ་]]''' – Republic of Honduras
* [[ཧོང་ཀོང]] – Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (''Area of special sovereignty'')
* '''[[ཧུང་གྷ་རི་]]''' – Republic of Hungary

=== I ===
* '''[[ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་]]''' – Republic of Iceland
* '''[[རྒྱ་གར]]''' – Republic of India
* '''[[ཨིན་རྡུ་ནི་ཤིས་ཡ་]]''' – Republic of Indonesia
* '''[[ཨི་རཱན]]''' – Islamic Republic of Iran
* '''[[ཨི་རཀ]]''' – Republic of Iraq
* '''[[ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ]]''' – Republic of Ireland
* [[Isle of Man]] – Isle of Man (''British Crown dependency'')
* '''[[ཨིཛ་རཱེལ]]''' – State of Israel
* '''[[ཨྀཊ་ལི]]''' – Italian Republic

=== J ===
* '''[[ཇ་མའི་ཀ]]''' – Jamaica
* '''[[ཇ་པཱན]]''' – State of Japan
* [[ཇར་སི]] – Bailiwick of Jersey (''British Crown dependency'')
* '''[[ཇོར་ཌན]]''' – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan

=== K ===
* '''[[ཧ་སག་]]''' – Republic of Kazakhstan
* '''[[ཀེ་ནི་ཡ]]''' – Republic of Kenya
* '''[[ཀི་རི་བྷ་ཏི་]]''' – Republic of Kiribati
* '''[[བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]''' – ཀོ་རི་ཡ། མི་སེར་དམངས་གཙོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།   North Korea
* '''[[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ]]''' – Republic of Korea
* '''''[[ཁོ་སོ་ཝོ་]]''''' – Republic of Kosovo
* '''[[ཀུ་ཝེཊ]]''' – State of Kuwait
* '''[[ཁུར་དགེ་སུ་ཏན་]]''' – Kyrgyz Republic&lt;ref&gt;[[Kyrgyzstan]] is also sometimes rendered as Kirghizia.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== L ===
* '''[[ལའོ་སུ་]]''' – Lao People's Democratic Republic
* '''[[ལེཊི་བི་ཡ]]''' – Republic of Latvia
* '''[[ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན་]]''' – Republic of Lebanon
* '''[[ལེ་སོ་ཐོ་]]''' – Kingdom of Lesotho
* '''[[ལི་བྷེ་རི་ཡ་]]''' – Republic of Liberia
* '''[[ལི་བྷི་ཡ་]]''' – State of Libya
* '''[[ལེ་ཆུ་ཏན་སི་ཏུན་]]''' – Principality of Liechtenstein
* '''[[ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ]]''' – Republic of Lithuania
* '''[[ལེགས་སུམ་བྷེར་]]''' – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

=== M ===
* [[Macao]] – Macao Special Administrative Region of the [[People's Republic of China]] (''Area of special sovereignty'')
* '''[[མ་སེ་ཌོ་ནི་ཡ་]]''' – Republic of North Macedonia&lt;ref&gt;Also known as the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[མ་ད་གཱ་སི་ཀར་]]''' – Republic of Madagascar
* '''[[མ་ལ་ཝེ་]]''' – Republic of Malawi
* '''[[མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ]]''' – Malaysia
* '''[[མལ་དི་ཝེ་སུ་]]''' – Republic of Maldives
* '''[[མ་ལི་]]''' – Republic of Mali
* '''[[མལ་ཏ་]]''' – Republic of Malta
* '''[[མར་ཤལ་གླིང་ཕྲན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་]]''' – Republic of the Marshall Islands
* '''[[མ་རི་ཏ་ནི་ཡ་]]''' – Islamic Republic of Mauritania
* '''[[མའུ་རི་ཤི་ཡཱསི]]''' – Republic of Mauritius
* [[Mayotte]] – Departmental Collectivity of Mayotte (''French overseas collectivity'')
* '''[[མེཀ་སི་ཀོ]]''' – United Mexican States
* '''[[མེ་ཁུ་རི་ནེ་ཞི་ཡ་]]''' – Federated States of Micronesia
* '''[[མོལ་དོ་ཝ་]]''' – Republic of Moldova&lt;ref&gt;See also [[#T|Transnistria]].&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[མོ་ནཱ་ཁོ་]]''' – Principality of Monaco
* '''[[སོག་པོ་]]''' – Republic of Mongolia
* '''[[མོན་ཊེ་ནིག་རོ་]]''' – Republic of Montenegro
* [[མོན་ཚུ་ར་ཊི་]] – Montserrat (''[[UK]] overseas territory'')
* '''[[མོ་རོ་ཀོ]]''' – Kingdom of Morocco&lt;ref&gt;See also [[#W|Western Sahara]].&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[མོ་སམ་བྷི་ཁུ་]]''' – Republic of Mozambique
* '''[[མེ་མར་]]''' – Union of Myanmar

=== N ===
* '''''[[Nagorno-Karabakh]]''''' – Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
* '''[[ན་མི་བྷི་ཡ་]]''' – Republic of Namibia
* '''[[ནའུ་རུ་]]''' – Republic of Nauru
* '''[[བལ་ཡུལ]]''' – Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
* '''[[ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་]]''' – Kingdom of the Netherlands
* [[Netherlands Antilles]] (''Self-governing country in the [[Kingdom of the Netherlands]]'')
* [[ཁ་ལི་ཌོ་ནི་ཡ་གསར་པ་]] – Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies (''French community sui generis'')
* '''[[ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ་]]''' – New Zealand
* '''[[ནེ་ཁུ་ར་གི་ཝ་]]''' – Republic of Nicaragua
* '''[[ནེ་ལྗུར་]]''' – Republic of Niger
* '''[[ནེ་ལྗུ་རི་ཡ་]]''' – Federal Republic of Nigeria
* [[ནིའུ་]] – Niue (''Associated state of New Zealand'')
* [[ནོར་ཧྥུ་ཁི་གླིང་ཕྲན་]] – Territory of Norfolk Island (''Australian overseas territory'')
* '''''[[Northern Cyprus]]''''' – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
* [[བྱང་མ་རི་ན་གླིང་ཚོམ་]] – Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (''US commonwealth'')
* '''[[ནོ་ཝེ་]]''' – Kingdom of Norway

=== O ===
* '''[[ཨོ་མན་]]''' – Sultanate of Oman

=== P ===
* '''[[པ་ཀི་སི་སྟན་]]''' – Islamic Republic of Pakistan
* '''[[པ་ལའུ་]]''' – Republic of Palau
* '''''[[པ་ལི་སི་ཏན་]]''''' – Occupied Palestinian Territories
* '''[[པ་ན་མ་]]''' – Republic of Panama
* '''[[ཕ་པོས་དགེ་ནས་གསར་པ་]]''' – Independent State of Papua New Guinea
* '''[[པ་ར་གུ་ཝའི]]''' – Republic of Paraguay
* '''[[པེ་རུ་]]''' – Republic of Peru
* '''[[ཧྤེ་ལི་པིན་]]''' – Republic of the Philippines
* [[པེ་ཊི་ཁིན་གླིམ་ཚོམ་]] – Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno Islands (''UK overseas territory'')
* '''[[པོ་ལེནཌི]]''' – Republic of Poland
* '''[[པོར་ཅུ་གལ་]]''' – Portuguese Republic
* [[ཕོར་ཏོ་གྲུ་ཁ་]] – Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (''US commonwealth'')

=== Q ===
* '''[[ཀ་ཏར་]]''' – State of Qatar

=== R ===
* '''[[རོ་མ་ནི་ཡ་]]''' – Romania
* '''[[ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན]]''' – Russia ([[ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་􀭺ཱན]] - Russian Federation)
* '''[[རོ་ཨན་ཌ]]''' – Republic of Rwanda

=== S ===
* [[དམ་པ་བྷར་ཐུལ་མེ་]] – Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy (''French overseas collectivity'')
* [[Saint Helena]] – Saint Helena (''[[UK]] overseas territory'')
* '''[[སཱན་ཊ་ཀི་ཊ་སུ་དང་ནེ་བེེ་སུ་（དམ་པ་ཀི་ཊ་དང་ནེ་བེེ་སུ་）]]''' – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
* '''[[སེན་ཊ་ལུ་ཤི་ཡ་]]''' – Saint Lucia
* [[དམ་པ་མ་ཏུན་]] – Collectivity of Saint Martin (''French overseas collectivity'')
* [[དམ་པ་ཕེར་དང་མེ་ཁོ་ལོན་]] – Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (''French overseas collectivity'')
* '''[[དམ་པ་ཝེན་སིན་དང་གྷུ་རེ་ན་ཀྲུན་]]''' – Saint Vincent and The Grenadines
* '''[[སོ་མོ་ཝ་]]''' – Independent State of Samoa
* '''[[སན་མ་རི་ནོ་]]''' – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
* '''[[སའོ་ཊོ་མེ་དང་ཕུ་རིན་སེབ་]]''' – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
* '''[[སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་]]''' – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
* '''[[སི་ནེ་གྷལ་]]''' – Republic of Senegal
* '''[[སེར་བྷི་ཡ་]]''' – Republic of Serbia&lt;ref&gt;See also [[#K|Kosovo]] - under [[UN]] administration.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[སེ་ཆེ་ལེ་སུ་]]''' – Republic of Seychelles
* '''[[སི་ར་ལེ་ཨོན་]]''' – Republic of Sierra Leone
* '''[[སེང་གེ་ཕོར་]]''' – Republic of Singapore
* '''[[སི་ལོ་ཝ་ཁི་]]''' – Slovak Republic
* '''[[སི་ལོ་ཝེ་ནི་ཡ་]]''' – Republic of Slovenia
* '''[[སོ་ལོ་མོན་གླིང་ཚོམ་]]''' – Solomon Islands
* '''[[སོ་མ་ལི་ཡ་]]'''&lt;ref&gt;[[Somalia]] is presently fragmented with its [[Transitional Federal Parliament|Transitional National Government]]&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''''[[Somaliland]]''''' – Republic of Somaliland
* '''[[སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་]]''' – Republic of South Africa
* '''''[[South Ossetia]]''''' – Republic of South Ossetia
* '''[[སིཔཱེན་]]''' – Kingdom of Spain
* '''[[ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ་]]''' – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
* '''[[སུའུ་ཏན་]]''' – Republic of the Sudan
* '''[[སུ་རི་ནེམ་]]''' – Republic of Suriname
* [[Svalbard]] (''Territory of Norway'')&lt;ref&gt;[[Svalbard]] is an overseas territory of [[Norway]] recognized by international treaty.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''[[སི་ཝ་ཟི་ལན་ཌི་]]''' – Kingdom of Eswatini
* '''[[སུའི་ཌན་]]''' – Kingdom of Sweden
* '''[[སུའིཊ་ཛར་ལེན་]]''' – Swiss Confederation
* '''[[སི་རི་ཡ་]]''' – Syrian Arab Republic

=== T ===
* '''[[ཏའི་ཝཱན་]]''' – Republic of China (Taiwan)
* '''[[ཏ་ཇག་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་]]''' – Republic of Tajikistan
* '''[[ཏན་ཛ་ནི་ཡ]]''' – United Republic of Tanzania
* '''[[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་]]''' – Kingdom of Thailand
* '''[[Togo]]''' – Togolese Republic
* [[ཊོ་ཁི་ལོ]] – Tokelau (''Overseas territory of New Zealand'')
* '''[[ཁྲོན་དགའ]]''' – Kingdom of Tonga
* '''''[[Transnistria]]''''' – Transnistrian Moldovan Republic.
* '''[[ཏྲི་ནི་ཊ་དང་ཏྲོ་བྷ་གོ]]''' – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
* [[Tristan da Cunha]] – Tristan da Cunha (''Dependency of the UK overseas territory of Saint Helena'')
* '''[[ཁྲོ་ནི་སི་ཡཱ་]]''' – Tunisian Republic
* '''[[བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག]]''' – Republic of Turkey
* '''[[ཏུར་ཀ་མེ་ནི་སུ་ཏན་]]''' – Turkmenistan
* [[ཏུར་ཀེ་དང་ཁེ་ཁོ་སིན་གླིང་ཚོམ་]] – Turks and Caicos Islands (''UK overseas territory'')
* '''[[ཏོས་བ་ལུང་]]''' – Tuvalu

=== U ===
* '''[[ཡོས་གན་རྡ]]''' – Republic of Uganda
* '''[[ཨོ་ཁི་རན]]''' – Ukraine
* '''[[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཨ་རབ་ཨེ་མི་རེཊསི་]]''' – United Arab Emirates
* '''[[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ]]''' – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
* '''[[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས]]''' – United States of America
* '''[[ཤར་ཨོ་རག་ཝེ]]''' – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
* '''[[ཨུཛ་བེ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་]]''' – Republic of Uzbekistan

=== V ===
* '''[[ཝ་ནུ་ཨ་ཏོ]]''' – Republic of Vanuatu
* '''[[བ་ཊི་ཀཱན་]]''' – State of the Vatican City
* '''[[ཝེ་ནི་ཙེ་ལ]]''' – Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
* '''[[ཝེ་ཏི་ལམ]]''' – Socialist Republic of Vietnam
* [[དབྱིན་ཇིའི་ཝེར་ལྗིན་གླིང་ཚོམ]] – British Virgin Islands (''UK overseas territory'')
* [[U.S. Virgin Islands|Virgin Islands, United States]] – United States Virgin Islands (''US organized territory'')

=== W ===
* [[ཝ་ལེ་སི་དང་ཧྥོ་ཐོ་ཡ]] – Territory of Wallis and Futuna Islands (''French overseas collectivity'')
* [[Western Sahara]] – Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

=== Y ===
* '''[[ཡེ་མན།]]''' – Republic of Yemen

=== Z ===
* '''[[རྫམ་བྷི་ཡ།]]''' – Republic of Zambia
* '''[[ཛིམ་བབ་ཝེ་]]''' – Republic of Zimbabwe

== Headline text ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ| ]]</text>
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[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི]]

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      <comment>[[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེསི་]] འདི་ [[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས]] ལུ་སྤོ་བཤུད་འབད་ཡོདཔ།</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4026570]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག''' ༼ [[༡༩༨༠]]༽ 

མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་ རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ ༡༩༨༠ དབྱིན་ཟླ་གཉིས་པའི་དབྱིན་ཚེས་ ༢༡ ལུ་ ཡབ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་ ཚེ་རིང་དབྱངས་སྒྲོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།

* [[རྗེ་བརྩུན་པདྨ]]
* [[སྐུ་འཁོར་གྱི་བརྒྱུད་པ།]]

{{stub}}

[[Category:མི་མང་ : འབྲུག་མི]]</text>
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      <comment>[[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ་]] འདི་ [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ]] ལུ་སྤོ་བཤུད་འབད་ཡོདཔ།</comment>
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      <comment>improuved to [[:{{{1}}}|{{{2|{{{1}}}}}}]] using [[m:Soft redirect]]|soft redirect - added BiDi safety ++: LANG=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;</comment>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 18 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q379577]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: larger&quot;&gt;མར་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བློ་གྲོས་&lt;/span&gt;(1012-1097)


{{stub}}

[[Category:མི་མང་ : ནང་པ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="845" xml:space="preserve">རྫོང་ཁའི་ལྡེ་སྒྲོམ། རྫོང་ཁ་དང་ ཆོས་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཡི་གུ་གློག་རིག་ནང་བཙུག་ནིའི་ཐབས་ཤེས་འཇམ་ཤོས་རང་ རྫོང་ཁའི་སྒྲིག་བཀོད་བཙུག་ནི་འདི་ཨིན།


[[File:KBD-DZ-noshift-2009.png|420px|Dzongkha keyboard]]
&lt;br&gt;

[[File:KBD-DZ-shift-2009.png|420px|Dzongkha keyboard - shift state]]
&lt;br&gt;


* [[རྫོང་ཁ་]]
* [[རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས]]

==འབྲེལ་མཐུད།==

* [http://www.library.gov.bt/IT/keyboard-DZ.html རྫོང་ཁའི་ལྡེ་སྒྲོམ་ བཙུག་ཐབས།]

{{Stub}}
[[Category:རྫོང་ཁ]]</text>
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[[File:Flag of Russia.svg|right|border|150px]]


''' ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན '''
ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་􀭺ཱན

* [[མོསི་ཀོ།]]

{{Asia}}

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན| ]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 117 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5611703]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི|sv]]

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[[File:Flag of Estonia.svg|right|150px]]
[[File:LocationEstonia.png|right|200px]]
[[File:Drone video of Estonia 2021.webm|thumb|ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་ 2021]]
'''ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ།'''

----
* [[ཏ་ལིན།]]

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/AljaWiki290702|AljaWiki290702]] ([[User talk:AljaWiki290702|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Tuvdbaatar|Tuvdbaatar]]</comment>
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|+ &lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;'''འབྲུག་ཡུལ་སྐོར།'''&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Bhutan.svg|125px|Flag of Bhutan]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Emblem of Bhutan.svg|111px|Emblem of Bhutan]]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot;|(འབྲུག་ཡུལ་རྒྱལ་དར​)
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot;|([[རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལས་རྟགས།]])
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2|[[File:Bhutan in its region.svg|300px]]
|-
| རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཁ་སྐད། || [[རྫོང་ཁ་]]
|-
| རྒྱལ་ས། || [[ཐིམ་ཕུག]]
|-
| རྒྱལ་པོ། || [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]
|-
| [[སྲིད་བློན།]] || བློ་གྲོས་ ཚེ་རིང
|-
| Area&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Total&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- % water
| ༣༨ ༣༩༤ km²&lt;br /&gt;༡,༣༥%&lt;/tr&gt;               
|-
| Population&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Total ([[༢༠༠༩]])&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;- Population density
| ༦༩༧,༠༠༠
|-
| Capital || [[ཐིམ་ཕུ|ཐིམ་ཕུགུ]]
|-
| དངུལ་ || དངུལ་ཀྲམ (UTC)
|-
| Time zone || UTC+༦
|-
| [[རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས།]] 

|| [[འབྲུག་ཙན་དན་]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-
| Calling code || +༩༧༥
|}

'''[[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]'''

ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ་རི་རྒྱུད་ཆེན་པོའི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཞིག་རེད​།

== འབྲུག་ཡུལ་གྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་མདོར་བསྡུས། རྨ་མགུར་སངས་རྒྱམ། ==
དེ་ཡང་དུས་རབས་དགུ་བའི་གོང་དུ་བྱུང་བའི་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་གྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་རྣམས་གསལ་བོ་ཤེས་རྟོགས་བྱུང་མེད་པ་དང་། དེའི་རྗེས་སུ། བོད་དུ་བླ་མ་ཆེ་ཁག་དང་ཆོས་ལ་དད་པ་ཡོད་མཁན་མང་བོ་དམར་གསོད་དུ་བཏང་བའི་དྲག་པོའི་ཟིང་ཆ་བྱུང་བའི་སྐབས་སུ་བོད་ཀྱི་གྲྭ་བ་མང་བོ་འབྲུག་ཏུ་བྲོས་བྱོལ་དུ་བསླེབས་ཤིང་། གནས་དེར་གཞིས་ཆགས་ནས་བོད་ཀྱི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཆོས་ལུགས་དར་སྤེལ་བྱུང་བ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཀྱི་འཕེལ་ཁ་ཇེ་རྒྱས་སུ་ཕྱིན་པ་རེད། དུས་རབས་༡༢་བའི་ནང་དུ་འབྲུག་ཏུ་འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་དར་སྤེལ་བྱུང་བ་དང་། དེ་ནས་འབྲུག་གི་ཆབ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་རྣམས་བོད་ཀྱི་ཆོས་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་རྨང་གཞིར་བཟུང་བའི་སྟེང་ནས་གོང་འཕེལ་དུ་བྱུང་བ་དང་། འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ནི། ཡུན་རིང་གི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཀྱི་བརྒྱུད་རིམ་སྣ་མང་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་རིམ་བཞིན་རང་བཙན་གཙང་མའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་གི་ངོ་བོར་གནས་ཐུབ་པར་གྱུར་ཡོད། དུས་རབས་བདུན་པའི་དཀྱིལ་ནས་དུས་རབས་དགུ་བའི་བར་དུ་བོད་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ཀྱི་སྲིད་དབང་གི་འོག་ཏུ་གནས་ཡོད་པར་བཤད་པ་དང་། དེའི་རྗེས་སུ། འབྲུག་ཡུལ་དུ་གཅིག་གྱུར་གྱི་དབང་བསྒྱུར་མེད་པར་ས་གནས་ཁག་ཁ་འཐོར་དུ་གནས་པའི་ཡུལ་གྱི་དཔོན་པོ་བྱུང་བ་དང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༦༡༦་ལོའི་ནང་དུ། བོད་ཀྱི་གཙང་སྟོད་ནས་ཡིན་པའི་བླ་མ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་དུ་ཕེབས་ནས། ཁོང་གིས་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ནི་གཅིག་གྱུར་གྱི་ཡུལ་གྲུ་ཞིག་ཏུ་བཟོས་ཤིང་། འབྲུག་པའི་རིག་གཞུང་གི་ངོ་བོ་སོགས་བོད་ཀྱི་ཤེས་རིག་གི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ལས་ཁ་བྲལ་དུ་གནས་པར་འབད་བརྩོན་གནང་བ་རེད། ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ནི་བོད་ཀྱི་གཙང་རྭ་ལུང་དགོན་པ་ནས་ཡིན་པ་དང་འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་སྲོལ་འཛིན་མཁན་འབྲུག་པ་མི་ཕམ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་དང་སྡེ་བ་སྐྱིད་ཤོད་པའི་སྲས་མོ་བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་གྱི་བུ་ཁྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ཡིན། གཞོན་དུས་ཁོང་ནི་རྒྱལ་དབང་འབྲུག་ཆེན་གྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་ལ་ངོས་འཛིན་མཛད་དེ། གཙང་རྭ་ལུང་དགོན་པར་ཁྲི་འདོན་གནང་ནའང་འབྲུག་ཆེན་པདྨ་དཀར་བོའི་རྗེས་འབྲངས་པ་ལྷ་རྩེ་ངག་དབང་བཟང་བོ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ངོས་ལེན་མ་གནང་པ་དང་། ཡིན་ཡང་། ཁོང་གིས་མུ་མཐུད་དུ་འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་མ་དགོན་རྭ་ལུང་དུ་མུ་མཐུད་དུ་རྒྱུན་བཞུགས་དང་ཁྲི་འཛིན་གནང་བ་ལ་གཞན་གྱིས་དབྱེན་སྦྱོར་སྣ་མང་བརྩམས་པ་དང་། བོད་ཀྱི་གཙང་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ལགས་ཀྱིས་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་འཛིན་བཟུང་བྱེད་པར་གྲ་སྒྲིག་བྱས་པ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༦༡༦་ལོར་ཁོང་བོད་ནས་ཕྱོགས་ཐོན་མཛད་དེ་འབྲུག་ཏུ་ཕེབས་པ་དང་དེའི་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ཁག་ཏུ་རྟེན་གཞི་བྱས་ནས་རྒྱུན་བཞུགས་གནང་བར་མ་ཟད། ཐིམ་པུ་ལུང་གཞོངས་ཀྱི་སྟོད་ཕྱོགས་སུ། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༦༢༠་ལོར་འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ཆག་རི་དགོན་པ་ཕྱག་འདེབས་མཛད་ཅིང་། འབྲུག་ཡུལ་དུ་འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ཆོས་རྒྱུན་རིམ་བཞིན་གསར་བཏོད་གནང་བ་རེད། ད་དུང་སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༦༢༩་ལོར་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་འབྲུག་གི་ཐིམ་པུ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་བསམ་སྟོད་ཀ་རྫོང་སྟེ་སྲིད་འཛིན་གྱི་ལྟེ་བ་གསར་འཛུགས་གནང་ཞིང་། དུས་རབས་༡༢་ནས་འབྲུག་གི་ནང་དུ་དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་བའི་ལྷ་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་དང་རྙིང་མ་ཆོས་བརྒྱུད་བཅས་ཀྱིས་བདག་འཛིན་བྱས་པའི་ས་ཆ་ཁ་ཤས་ཤིག་ལ་དབང་བསྒྱུར་མཛད་ཅིང་། དེ་ནས་རིམ་གྱིས་འབྲུག་གི་ས་ཁུལ་ཡོངས་སུ་ལས་འགུལ་སྣ་མང་གཅིག་རྗེས་གཉིས་མཐུད་དུ་སྤེལ་བ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས། འབྲུག་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་གཅིག་གྱུར་གྱི་དབང་བསྒྱུར་མཛད་པའི་ཐབས་བྱུས་བཤམས་པ་རེད། འབྲུག་གི་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་བཅའ་ཡིག་ཆེན་མོ་བཟོས་ཤིང་། བོད་ཀྱི་སྡེ་བ་གཞུང་གི་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབང་བསྒྱུར་ལས་ལོགས་སུ་བགར་བ་དང་། ཞབས་དྲུང་ཞེས་པའི་མིང་གི་གོ་གནས་སོགས་བཟུང་སྟེ་འབྲུག་གི་དགོན་སྡེ་དང་མི་སྡེ་ཁག་གི་སྲིད་ཀྱི་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་གི་ལམ་ལུགས་གསར་དུ་བཏོད་ཡོད། དེ་ནས་སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༦༥༡་ལོར་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ནི་ སྐུ་འདས་གྲོངས་སུ་ཕྱིན་པ་རེད། དེའི་རྗེས་སུ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབང་ཆ་མཐའ་དག་ཁོང་གི་རྗེས་འབྲངས་བ་ཡིན་པའི་ས་གནས་དཔོན་སློབ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་མཇུག་སྐྱོང་གནང་བ་དང་། ཁོང་སྐུ་འདས་གྲོངས་སུ་ཕྱིན་པའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ནི་ས་གནས་དཔོན་སློབ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ལོ་ངོ་༥༤་རིང་དུ་གསང་རྒྱ་མཛད་དེ་མུ་མཐུད་དུ་ཁོང་གི་ལས་དོན་རྣམས་རྒྱུན་འཛིན་གནང་པ་རེད། ད་ལྟའང་འབྲུག་ཏུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་འདས་གྲོངས་སུ་ཕྱིན་པའི་ཉིན་མོ་དེ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་གུང་གསེང་ཞིག་ལྟར་དུ་བོད་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་བའི་ཚེས་བཅུ་ལ་སྲུང་བརྩི་ཞུ་བཞིན་པ་རེད། དེ་ནས་རིམ་གྱིས་འབྲུག་གི་ས་གནས་ཁག་ཏུ་ལོ་ངོ་ཉིས་བརྒྱའི་རིང་དུ་མི་དམངས་ནང་ཁུལ་ལ་སྲིད་དབང་རྩོད་ལེན་དང་འཐབ་འཛིང་ནང་འཁྲུག་གི་རྒྱུན་མ་ཆད་པར་བསྟུད་མར་བྱུང་བ་ཁག་བརྒྱུད་ནས། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༨༨༥་ལོར་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་དང་པོ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་འབྲུག་གི་སྲིད་དབང་མཐའ་དག་གཅིག་ཏུ་བསྒྲིལ་པ་དང་། དེ་ནས་ཨིན་ཇི་དང་རྒྱ་གར་མཉམ་དུ་མཐུན་སྒྲིལ་གྱི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་རྒྱུད་འཛིན་བྱས་པ་རེད། ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ནི་སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༨༦༢་ལོར་ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་གི་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་འཛིན་པའི་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ཨ་ཞེ་པད་མ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་གཉིས་སུ་འཁྲུངས་པ་དང་། ཡབ་དམ་པའི་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་རྒྱུན་འཛིན་དང་ཆབ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དགྲ་བོ་རྣམས་ཕམ་པར་མཛད་པ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས། འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་རྙིང་བ་སྤུ་ན་ཁའི་མི་དམངས་ཀྱིས་ཁོང་ནི་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་བོར་བདམས་པ་དང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༠༧་ལོའི་ཟླ་༡༢་པའི་ཚེས་༡༧་ཉིན་ལ་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་བོའི་དབུ་ཞྭ་ལེགས་པར་བསྣམས་ཡོད་པ་རེད། སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ནི་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ལ་རྫོང་ཁག་ཉི་ཤུ་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་གི་གཅིག་ཡིན་པ་དང་། དེ་ནི་སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༥༥་ལོའི་བར་དུ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ས་དང་སྲིད་འཛིན་གྱི་ས་གནས་ཤིག་ཏུ་གྱུར་ཡོད། དེའི་རྗེས་སུ་རྒྱལ་ས་ཐིམ་པུ་ལ་གནས་སྤོར་གནང་ཡོད། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༡༠་ལོའི་ནང་དུ་ཁོང་གིས་ཨིན་ཇི་དང་མཉམ་དུ་སྤུ་ན་ཁའི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་བཞག་ནས་ཨིན་ཇིའི་རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་གིས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ནང་སྲིད་ལ་ཐེ་གཏོགས་མི་བྱེད་པར་བཟོས་པ་རེད། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༢༦་ལོར་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་སྐུ་གྲོངས་པའི་རྗེས་སུ། ཁོང་གི་སྲས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་རྒྱལ་བོའི་རྒྱུན་འཛིན་གནང་ནས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཟུང་བ་རེད། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༤༧་ལོར་རྒྱ་གར་རང་བཙན་ཐོབ་པའི་སྐབས་སུ། རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་གཞུང་གསར་བས་འབྲུག་ནི་རང་བཙན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཡིན་པར་ངོས་འཛིན་གནང་ཡོད། ལོ་དེར་རྒྱ་གར་དང་འབྲུག་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ཞི་བདེ་དང་མཛའ་མཐུན་གྱི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་ལ་མཚན་རྟགས་བཀོད་པ་དང་། རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཀྱི་ནང་དུ་རྒྱ་གར་གྱིས་འབྲུག་ལ་བཀོད་འདོམས་བྱེད་པ་ལས་འབྲུག་གི་ནང་སྲིད་ལ་ཐེ་བྱུས་མི་བྱེད་པར་འགན་ལེན་བྱས་ཡོད། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༥༢་ལོར་ཁོང་གི་སྲས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་རྒྱལ་བོའི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་པ་དང་། དེ་ནས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རིམ་བཞིན་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་པ་བྱུང་ཞིང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༧༡་ལོར་འཛམ་གླིང་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་རྒྱལ་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་མིའི་ཁོངས་སུ་ཚུད་ཡོད། ཁོང་གིས་འབྲུག་ཏུ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གྲོས་ཚོགས་དང་རྒྱལ་བོའི་དམག་དཔུང་དང་མཐོ་རིམ་ཁྲིམས་ཁང་སོགས་བཙུགས་ནས་དེང་རབས་སུ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་བསྐྱོད་པའི་འགོ་བརྩམས་ཡོད། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༧༢་ལོར་རྒྱལ་བོ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གློ་བུར་དུ་འདས་གྲོངས་སུ་ཕྱིན་པའི་རྗེས་སུ། ཁོང་གི་སྲས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་བ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལགས་དགུང་ལོ་བཅུ་བདུན་སྟེང་རྒྱལ་བོའི་ཁྲི་ལ་འཁོད་ཅིང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༧༤་ལོའི་ཟླ་༦་ཚེས་༢་ཉིན་ལ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བོའི་དབུ་ཞྭ་གསོལ་བ་རེད། ཁོང་ནི་འཛམ་གླིང་འདིའི་ནང་གི་རྒྱལ་བོ་གཞོན་ཤོས་དེ་ཆགས་པ་དང་། འབྲུག་དང་། རྒྱ་གར། ཨིན་ཇི། ཨ་རི་སོགས་ཀྱི་མཐོ་སློབ་ཁག་ཏུ་དེང་རབས་ཀྱི་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྣ་མང་ལ་སློབ་སྦྱོང་བྱས་མྱོང་བའི་མི་སྣ་ཞིག་ཡིན་པས། རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ལ་ཤེས་རྟོགས་ཟབ་པ་དང་འབྲུག་ཏུ་དེང་གི་ཤེས་ཡོན་སློབ་གསོ་དང་། ཆབ་སྲིད་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་། ཡུལ་སྐོར་ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། དཔལ་འབྱོར་བཅོས་བསྒྱུར། རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་བདེ་སྐྱིད། དམངས་གཙོའི་ལྟ་གྲུབ་ལ་སོགས་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ཡར་རྒྱས་སུ་བཏང་བའི་རླབས་ཆེན་གྱི་མཛད་རྗེས་ཡོད་པ་ཞིག་ཡིན། འབྲུག་ཏུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གི་ཡང་སྲིད་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ལ་སྐུ་གསུང་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་སྤྲུལ་བ་སོགས་རྩོད་རྙོག་སྣ་མང་གི་ཁྲོད་དུ་འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་། རྗེ་མཁན་པོ། དཔོན་སློབ་གསུམ་གྱིས་ངོས་འཛིན་སྟངས་མི་འདྲ་བ་མང་བོ་རིམ་པར་བྱོན་པ་དང་འབྲུག་གཞུང་གིས་ཁོང་གི་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ལ་བཀག་སྡོམ་གྱི་བྱེད་ཐབས་ཀྱང་མཛད་པ་རེད། གཞན་ཡང་། རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་མོན་རྟ་དབང་དགོན་པ་དང་། བོད་སོགས་སུའང་ཁོང་གི་ཡང་སྲིད་བྱུང་ཡོད་པ་སྟེ། དེང་སང་ཨི་ཏ་ལིར་བཞུགས་པའི་བོད་རིགས་མཁས་དབང་ནམ་མཁའི་ནོར་བུ་ཡང་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་ཡིན་པར་བཤད་དོ། ། ད་དུང་དེང་སང་འབྲུག་ཏུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ལ་ངོས་འཛིན་གནང་བའི་ཕྲུ་གུ་ལོ་ཆུང་ཆུང་ཞིག་ཡོད་པ་སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༠༥་ལོ་ནས་བཟུང་ཕ་མ་དང་མཉམ་དུ་བཟང་བཙོན་དུ་བཞག་ཡོད་པར་བཤད་པ་རེད། སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༠༦་ལོའི་ཟླ་༡༢་བའི་ཚེས་༡༤་ཉིན་དུ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་བ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་རྒྱལ་བོའི་སྲིད་དབང་གི་གོ་གནས་ལས་དགོངས་པ་ཞུས་ནས། སྲས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་བ་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ཏུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་བ་རེད། སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༠༨་ལོའི་ཟླ་༡༡་པའི་ཚེས་༦་ཉིན་དུ་འབྲུག་གི་གནའ་བོའི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་རྙིང་བ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རུ་གཞུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་མཛད་སྒོ་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་ཞིག་གི་སྟེང་དུ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལ་རྒྱལ་བོའི་དབུ་ཞྭ་དེ་གསོལ་བ་རེད། སྐབས་དེར་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་སྲིད་འཛིན་དང་ཕྱི་སྲིད་བློན་ཆེན་ཐེ་བའི་ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྐུ་མགྲོན་མང་བོ་མཉམ་ཞུགས་གནང་ཡོད། སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་ནི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་བ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལ་བཙུན་མོ་བཞི་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་གི་གསུམ་པ་ཨ་ཤེ་ཚེ་རིང་གཡང་སྒྲོན་གྱི་སྲས་རྒན་པ་ཡིན། ཁོང་གིས་ཆུང་དུས་འབྲུག་ཏུ་གཡང་ཆེན་པུ་འབྲིང་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭར་སློབ་སྦྱོང་བྱས་པ་དང་། དེ་ནས་རིམ་བཞིན་ཨ་རི་ནང་དུ་མཐོ་སློབ་ཁག་ཁ་ཤས་ལ་འགྲིམས་པའི་རྗེས་སུ་ཨིན་ཇིའི་ཨོ་ཁུ་སི་ཕོར་ཏྲི་སློབ་ཆེན་དུ་ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཞུ་སྒྲིག་གཞི་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་འབྲེལ་ལམ་སྐོར་ལ་སློབ་གཉེར་བྱས་ནས་སློབ་ཐོན་ཕྱིན་པ་རེད། སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༡༡་ལོའི་ཟླ་༥་བའི་ཚེས་༢༠་ཉིན་དུ་རྒྱལ་བོ་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་གྱིས་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གྲོས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་དུས་བདུན་པའི་སྒོ་འབྱེད་མཛད་སྒོ་གནང་བའི་སྐབས་སུ། ཁོང་ནི་སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༡༡་ལོའི་ཟླ་༡༠་བའི་ཚེས་༡༣་ཉིན་དུ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་དུ་རང་ལོ་ཉེར་གཅིག་ཡིན་པའི་འབྲུག་གི་མི་སེར་དཀྱུས་མ་རྗེ་བཙུན་པདྨ་ལགས་ལ་འཁྲུངས་ས་བསྐྱོན་རྒྱུ་ཡིན་པར་གསལ་བསྒྲགས་བསྐྱངས་པ་རེད། དེ་ལྟར་དུ་ཉིན་དེར་འབྲུག་གི་ཆུ་བོ་ཕོ་ཆུ་དང་མོ་ཆུ་ཟེར་བ་གཉིས་འཛོམས་སའི་གནས་ཏེ་པུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་དུ་མཛེས་སྡུག་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགས་པའི་རྗེ་བཙུན་པད་མ་མཆོག་འབྲུག་གི་སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་ཆོས་ལུགས་ཀྱི་དགའ་སྟོན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་མཛད་སྒོ་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་ཞིག་དང་མཉམ་དུ་རྒྱལ་བོའི་ཁབ་ཏུ་བཞེས་ཡོད་པ་རེད།

== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
* [[ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ]]
* [[མར་པ་ལོ་ཙཱ་བ]]

== རྒྱལ་པོ ==
* [[ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་]]
&lt;br /&gt;
[[སྐུ་འཁོར་གྱི་རྒྱུད་པ་]]
* 1. [[ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་]]
* 2. [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་]]

== [[རྫོང་ཁག་]] ==
[[File:Bhutan districts dzongkha.png|thumb|700px|center|[[རྫོང་ཁག]]]]
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|- bgcolor=&quot;#E2B448&quot;
! ''''ནུབ'''&lt;!-- west --&gt; !! '''ལྟེ་བ'''&lt;!-- central --&gt; !! '''ལྷོ'''&lt;!-- south --&gt;  !! '''ཤར'''&lt;!-- east --&gt; 
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFEEC2&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot;| [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[མགར་ས་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]]
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFEEC2&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot;| [[སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]]
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFEEC2&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot;| [[ཧཱ་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[བཀྲིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག]]
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFEEC2&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot;| [[བསམ་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[རྩི་རང་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག]]
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFEEC2&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot;| [[ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;|   ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[པདྨ་དགའ་ཚལ་རྫོང་ཁག]]
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFEEC2&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|   ||align=&quot;center&quot;|   ||align=&quot;center&quot;|   ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག]]
|}
[[File:Bhutan-Paro-138-Taktshang-Tigernest-gje.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|Taktshang]]


== འབྲུག་ཡུལ་གྱི་ཡུལ་ཁག ==
* [[ཀྲོང་གསར་]]
* [[ཐིམ་ཕུགུ]]
* [[ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་]]
* [[བཀྲིས་སྒང་]]
* [[བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་]]
* [[སྤུ་ན་ཁ་]]
* [[སྤ་རོ་རིན་སྤུང་རྫོང]]

* ཨེ་ཤི་ཡའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག།


== འབྲེལ་མཐུད ==
* ''འབྲུག་'' ( [https://web.archive.org/web/20130509082542/http://www.bhutan2008.bt/dz/node/675 རྫོང་ཁ] - [https://web.archive.org/web/20131106111027/http://www.bhutan2008.bt/en ཨིང་ལིཤ] )

== འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བློན་གྱི་མཚན་ལ་བོད་ཡིག་མི་འབྲི་བར་དབྱིན་ཡིག་བྲི་དོན་ཅི། ==

&lt;center&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བློན་གྱི་མཚན་ལ་འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཞེས་གོང་དྲ་ངོས་ཀྱི་གཡས་ཕྱོགས་སུ་བྲིས་འདུག&lt;/center&gt;


༈ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས།

ས་སྐྱོང་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ་ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ གནམ་ལོ་ཆུ་འབྲུག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༥༢ ལོ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་སྟེང་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུས། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༥༣ ལས་ བདེ་ཆེན་ཆོས་གླིང་ན་ལུ་ཕོ་བྲང་བཞེངས། ཐིམ་ཕུ་ལུ་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་དུས་སྐབས་སུ་ རྒྱལ་མགྲོན་འཕྲིན་ལས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཡར་སྟོད་ལས་རྒྱ་ནག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ སྨད་ལས་རྒྱ་གར་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་དང་གཞན་ག་ར་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་རང་སོ་སོའི་རྒྱལ་ལུགས་འདུག ། ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལེ་ཤ་བྱོན་ཡོད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་མིན་འདུག་ཟེར་བའི་གྲོས་འཆར་ཚུ་ཡང་ཡང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ལས། མཐའ་མ་ཐུགས་ཐག་བཅད་གནང་སྟེ་ ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་ཞུཝ་ད་ འདི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་དགོཔ་ངེས་བརྟན་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཚིག་འདི་ཕལ་སྐད་སྦེ་ མི་སེར་མི་ནགཔ་ཀུན་གྱིས་ཧ་གོ་ཚུགསཔ་སྦེ་ བརྩམས་དགོས་པའི་བཀའ་གནང་ནུག །

དེ་བསྒང་ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ཀུན་ལ་མཁས་དང་གྲུབ་པའི་སློབ་དཔོན་ སྒྲ་སློབ་ཐུབ་བསྟན་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལུ་སྒྲ་སློབ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་ཡང་ཞུཝ་ཨིན་མས། སྒྲ་སློབ་མཆོག་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་གི་རྩ་ཚིག་ གསར་རྩོམ་མཛད་དགོས་པའི་སྐུལ་མ་ལྷོདཔ་དང་འདྲེས་ཏེ་ དང་པོ་ཚིག་རྐང་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ བརྟན་བཞུགས་གསར་རྩོམ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག ། དེ་ཡང་།

ལྷོ་ཙན་དན་བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་།།
ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་སྐྱོང་བའི་མགོན།།
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།།
སྐུ་འགྱུར་མེད་ཞབས་པད་བརྟན་པར་ཤོག །

ཐུགས་དགོངས་པའི་ཤེས་རབ་འཕེལ་འཕེལ་ནས།།
ལུགས་ཆོས་སྲིད་འཕྲིན་ལས་གོང་དུ་འཕེལ།།
དཔལ་མངའ་ཐང་དགུང་དང་མཉམ་ནས་ཀྱང་།།
འབངས་མི་སེར་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས་པར་ཤོག །

དཔོན་ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདིར།།
ཆོས་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་རྒྱས་རྒྱས་ནས།།
ནད་མུ་གེ་འཁྲུགས་རྩོད་དབྱིངས་སུ་ཡལ།།
བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་ཤར་བར་ཤོག །

ཟེར་བའི་ཚིགས་བཅད་དེ་ཨིན། ཚིག་རྐང་འདི་དུམ་གྲ་མང་སོང་བ་ལས་ མི་རང་གར་གྱི་བསམ་འཆར། བརྙན་ཐུང་ཅིག་ན་ མཁན་རྟ་མགྲིན་སྲིད་ཐུབ་མཆོག་གིས། ས་སྐྱོང་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ་འདི་ཚུ་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཀྱི་རིག་རྩལ་ཆེཝ་ལས་ ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ ཁོ་ར་ལས་གཙོས་པའི་ ཚོགས་ཆུང་ཅིག་བཟོ་ཐོག་ལས་ འཕྲི་སྣོན་སྲེ་གསུམ་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་མཐའ་མེད་མཐའ་དཔྱོད་གྲུབ་འབྲས་འདི་ ཚིག་རྐང་དྲུག་ལུ་ ཁོ་ར་གིས་གཏན་ཕེབས་གནང་ནུག་ཟེར་གསུངས་ས་མཇལ་ཡི་ལགས། ད་རེས་མི་སེར་ཆེ་འབྲིང་ཆུང་གསུམ་ཀུན་གྱི་སྤྱན་ལམ་དུ་སྣང་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་འདི་འབད་བ་ཅིན།

འབྲུག་ཙན་དན་བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་།།
དཔལ་ལུགས་གཉིས་བསྟན་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་བའི་མགོན།།
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།།
སྐུ་འགྱུར་མེད་བརྟན་ཅིང་ཆབ་སྲིད་འཕེལ།།
ཆོས་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཤིང་རྒྱས།།
འབངས་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཉི་མ་ཤར་བར་ཤོག།

ཟེར་མི་དེ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་གདངས་བཟུམ་ཅི་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཐིམ་ཕུ་གཟིམ་དཔོན་ཇོའུ་ཅུ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཞིང་གཤེགས་པ་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་སྙན་འབུལ་ཞུ་སྟེ། ཁྲི་མཉམ་པ་མེད་པ་པདྨའི་ཁྲི། །ཟེར་བའི་གཞུང་སྒྲའི་གདངས་དབྱངས་ལུ་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ དེ་བསྒང་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཞི་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་སྲོལ་ཞུས་སྐབས་ཀྱི་གདངས་དབྱངས་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ དེ་གུ་འགབ་པ་ཅིན་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཡང་ལེགས་པས། ཡུན་དུ་ཡང་དེ་གིས་བརྟན་ནི་ཨིན་སྦེ། རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཟེར་བའི་སྐྱེས་བུ་འདི་ ཨུ་རྒྱན་མཧཱ་གུ་རུ་སྐུ་དངོས་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཁོ་ལུ་འཕུལ་ཡོད་པའི་གདངས་ལུ་འགབ་པ་ཅིན་ག་དེ་སྦེ་འཚམ་ག་ཟེར་བའི་སྙན་འབུལ་ཞུ་བའི་ཚེ། དེ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཨིན་མས་ཟེར་བཀའ་གྲོལ་ཏེ་ གདངས་འདི་་སྙན་ཆའི་ཐོག་ཏུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ དྲག་ཤོས་ཨ་ཁུ་བཀྲོངས་མི་མཆོག་གིས་བཟོ་གནང་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་ཅི་སྦེ་ཆ་འཇོག་བསྒྲུབས་ནུག ། 
ཅེས་པ་དེ་ཡང་གཞི་གཙོ་བོར་འབྲུག་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་གི་གསུང་བཤད་ལས་བཤུས་པ་ལགས་སོ།།

བཀའ་དྲིན་ཆེ་ལགས།།


[[Category:འབྲུག་ཡུལ་| ]]

{{Asia}}

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      </contributor>
      <comment>fix</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="881" xml:space="preserve">&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;boilerplate metadata&quot; id=&quot;stub&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #{{{color|CCCCFF}}}&quot;&gt;
{| CELLPADDING=&quot;2&quot; CELLSPACING=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent;&quot;
|-----
| [[Image:{{{1|Wiki letter w.svg}}}|{{{size|42px}}}|{{{3|Translate}}}]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
| Please [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=edit}} translate] this article into Dzongkha or check its translation. ''{{#if:{{{1|}}}||&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Please translate this template into Dzongkha [http://dz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Stub&amp;action=edit (e)]&lt;/small&gt;}}''
|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:template}}|[[Category:སྒྲོམ་གཞི།|{{PAGENAME}}]]|[[Category:{{{cat|Pages for translation check}}}]]}}
&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི|{{PAGENAME}}]]
&lt;!-- interwiki --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ཐིམ་ཕུ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2592</id>
    <redirect title="ཐིམ་ཕུག།" />
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      <id>28651</id>
      <parentid>15646</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-11-03T01:17:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ཐིམ་ཕུག།]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཐིམ་ཕུག།]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྫོང་ཁ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2594</id>
    <redirect title="རྫོང་ཁ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>13157</id>
      <timestamp>2009-12-06T17:37:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Viskonsas</username>
        <id>194</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[རྫོང་ཁ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[རྫོང་ཁ་]]</text>
      <sha1>r93qw56bbkd3blsnfv7hfrb4zoj5hbm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:User en</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2596</id>
    <redirect title="Template:ལག་ལེན་པ་ en" />
    <revision>
      <id>13168</id>
      <timestamp>2009-12-07T16:23:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Viskonsas</username>
        <id>194</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[Template:User en]] འདི་ [[Template:ལག་ལེན་པ་ en]] ལུ་སྤོ་བཤུད་འབད་ཡོདཔ།</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:ལག་ལེན་པ་ en]]</text>
      <sha1>fedc87368i2ldup0fhiu87euccclyq9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Welcome</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>2598</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25172</id>
      <parentid>25113</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-05-17T01:01:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1487" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Takin_specimen_1.jpg|right|thumb|]]

༉ བྱོན་པ་ལེགས་སོ།

Hello, {{PAGENAME}}, and [[:en:Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers|welcome]] to Dzongkha Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. 

Meanwhile, whenever you have any free time, please start writing articles, filling out the empty articles, and translating articles from English Wikipedia. Don't worry if you make a mistake, these can always be easily corrected.

Here are a few good links for newcomers:
*[[Talk:མ་ཤོག།|Talk about Dzongkha Wikipedia]]
*[[:en:Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Wikipedia]]
*[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|How to edit a page]]
*[[:en:Help:Contents|Help pages]]
*[[:en:Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
*[[:en:Wikipedia:How to write a great article|How to write a great article]]
*[[:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]
I hope you enjoy editing here and being a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]! Please [[:en:Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (~&amp;#126;~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out [[:en:Wikipedia:Where to ask a question]], ask me on my talk page, or place '''&lt;code&gt;{&amp;#123;helpme}}&lt;/code&gt;''' on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!&lt;noinclude&gt;

[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི]]
{{translate}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>ཏའི་པི</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2599</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28287</id>
      <parentid>28271</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-09-24T22:33:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Turkmen</username>
        <id>6119</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="104" xml:space="preserve">ཐེ་ཝན། ཐེ་པེ།


{{stub}}
[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
      <sha1>7px7q4srzkee2rhduettdnxbad98o2z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:བཀའ་བརྒྱུད</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2630</id>
    <revision>
      <id>15555</id>
      <parentid>15243</parentid>
      <timestamp>2010-08-19T13:09:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="25" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:ནང་པ]]</text>
      <sha1>8r76lqwf6in5stpq3c77xobjo1cvf08</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2682</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28605</id>
      <parentid>28568</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-10-12T17:56:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Praxidicae</username>
        <id>6297</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>spam</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11823" xml:space="preserve">{{translate}}

[[File:McLeod Ganj main street.jpg|thumb|200px|]]

'''རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ་'''ནི[[རྒྱ་གར་]]བྱང་ཕྱོགས་མངའ་སྡེ་ཧི་མ་ཅལ་མངའ་ཁོངས་སུ་ཆགས་ཡོད་ཅིང།

== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
དེ་སྔ་ཡུལ་འདིར་རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ་ཞེས་འབོད་སྲོལ་མེད་པ་དང། རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ་ཞེས་པ་ནི་[[རྒྱ་གར་སྐད་]][[བོད་སྐད་]]དུ་ཕབ་སྐབས་གནས་སྐོར་བ་དང་གནས་སྐབས་སྡོད་གནས་ལྟ་བུ་ཞིག་ལ་གོ་གི་ཡོད་པ་དང། སྡོད་གནས་འདི་ལྟ་བུ་ས་གནས་གཞན་དེ་འདྲ་ལའང་མིང་དེ་འདྲ་བཏགས་པ་མཐོང་རྒྱུ་ཡོད། འོན་ཏེ་ཕྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༩ ལོར་རྒྱ་ནག་གཞུང་ནས་བོད་ལ་དྲག་པོའི་བཙན་འཛུལ་་བྱས་རྗེས་བོད་ཀྱི་ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་[[སྤྱི་ནོར་༸གོང་ས་༸སྐྱབས་མགོན་ཆེན་པོ་]]མཆོག་གི་དབུས་པའི་བོད་་མི་འབུམ་གཅིག་ལྷག་ཁོང་གི་ཞབས་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲངས་ཏེ་བཙན་བྱོལ་དུ་ཕེབས་དགོས་བྱུང་རྗེས་ཐོག་མར་རྒྱ་གར་ཨ་རུ་ན་ཅལ་མངའ་ཁོངས་སྡེ་ར་ཏུན་མ་སུ་རི་་ཁུལ་བཞུགས་འཇགས་གནང་ཡོད་པ་དང། རིམ་པས་རྡ་་རམ་ས་ལ་ནི་ཡུལ་ལུང་ཁོར་ཡུག་དང་གནམ་གཤིས་ཚ་གྲང་སོགས་གང་ཐད་ནས་བོད་མིར་འོས་ཤིང་མཚམས་པ་ཞིག་ཡོད་སྟབས་རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་ཕྱོགས་ནས་རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ་འདི་༸གོང་ས་མཆོག་གི་བཞུགས་སྒར་དུ་གསོལ་སྩལ་བྱུང་རྗེས་རིམ་པས་རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ་ཞེས་མིང་ཐོགས་པ་དང་། མིང་དེ་ཡང་རིམ་པས་[[ལྷ་ས་]]ཆུང་ཆུང་ཞེས་པར་འགྱུར་བཞིན་ཡོད། འཛམ་གླིང་ཐོག་ལྷ་ས་ཆུང་ཆུང་གཉིས་སུ་གྲགས་པའི་རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ་འདི་ནི་ཧོབ་སྟེ་ལྟ་སྐབས་རི་བོ་སྟེང་དུ་གྲོང་ཚོ་ཐ་ཐོར་ཞིག་མཐོང་སྲིད་ཀྱང་། ་ཉིན་ཤས་བཞུགས་འཇགས་གནང་སྟེ་ཉམས་ཞིབ་གནང་སྟེ་འདིར་འཛམ་གླིང་སྟེང་སུ་གང་ལའང་མེད་པ་འི་སྐྱེ་བོ་ཞིག་བཞུགས་ཡོད་ལ། འདིར་འཛམ་གླིང་ཐོག་མཐོང་དཀོན་པའི་སྐྱབས་བཅོལ་བའི་སྒྲིག་འཛུགས་ཚགས་ཚུགས་ཤོས་དེ་ཡོད། ས་གནས་འདི་རི་སྟེང་དུ་ཆགས་པས་མང་པོ་ཞིག་གིས་འདིར་ཡོད་པ་ནི་ཤིང་ནགས་ཀྱི་མཐོང་ཆ་ཆུང་ངུ་་ཞིག་དང་། མཐོང་ཐོས་མེད་པའི་མི་སྣ་ཉུང་ཤས་ཤིག་རི་རྩེར་ཚ་གཡོལ་དུ་སླེབས་ཡོད་པར་ཡིད་ཆེས་བྱ་སྲིད་པ་རེད། ་འོན་ཏེ་གནས་ཚུལ་དངོས་ཤེས་ན་འདི་ནི་འདི་ལྟར་མ་ཡིན་པར། གནས་འདི་ནས་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་འཛིན་པའི་བླ་ཆེན་བཞུགས་ཡོད་ལ། ་བོད་ཀྱི་མི་རིགས་འཆི་གསོན་དུ་ཐུག་པའི་སྐབས་ཀྱི་འགྲན་རྩོད་ནང་སྐུ་ངལ་སྐྱོན་མཁན་[[བོད་མི་]]རྒན་རབས་མང་པོའི་ཞབས་རྗེས་དང་རྗེས་འཇུག་ལོ་ཆུང་མང་པོའི་སྐད་སྒྲ་ཐོས་རྒྱུ་ཡོད་ལ། དར་མ་འགྲན་ལ་ཕོད་པའི་སྐྱེ་བོའི་འདབ་གཤོག་འདི་ནས་རྒྱས་ཏེ་འཛམ་གླིང་ཀུན་ཏུ་ང་ནི་རྡ་ས་ནས་ཡིན་ཞེས་བརྗོད་སྐབས་ཧ་ལམ་ཧ་མ་་གོ་མཁན་ལོང་་བ་དང་ལྐུགས་པ་མ་གཏོགས་ཕལ་ཆེར་ཡོད་མ་རེད། ་ལྷག་པར་གལ་སྲིད་ཁྱེད་རང་ཕྱི་མི་ཞིག་ཡིན་ན་ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་མཇལ་མ་མྱོང་ན་རྡ་རམ་ས་ལར་ངེས་པར་ཡོང་འདོད་བྱ་གི་ཡོད་ལ། རྡ་རམ་ས་ལར་སླེབས་ཚེ་ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་མཇལ་འདོད་ཞིག་རང་བཞིན་གྱི་ཡོང་གི་ཡོད། ་འདི་གང་ཡིན་ཟེར་ན་ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མའི་མཛད་འཕྲིན་དང་རྡ་རམ་ས་ལའི་གནམ་ས་ལྟ་བུའི་འགྱུར་ལྡོག་གི་བརྒྱུད་རིམ་རྦད་དེ་བྲལ་ཐབས་མེད་པར་མི་ཚང་མར་མཐོང་སྣང་གི་མྱོང་ཚོར་གཅིག་པ་ཡོང་གི་ཡོད། གྲོང་ཁྱེར་དང་འཁྲུག་ཆ་དོད་པའི་ས་གནས་ཤིག་དང་བར་ཐག་ཧ་ཅང་རིང་སྟེ་ལོ་ངོ་སྟོང་་ལྷག་གནས་ཀྱང་ལོ་ངོ་ལྔ་བཅུ་ཙམ་རིང་བོད་ཀྱི་ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་༸གོང་ས་ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མའི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་པའི་བོད་མི་སྐྱབས་བཅོལ་བའི་བསྟི་གནས་དང་། བོད་གཞིས་བྱེས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་གཞུང་སའི་བསྟི་གནས་དེ་རྡ་རམ་ས་ལར་ཆགས་ཞིང། ས་གནས་དེ་ནས་གནང་བའི་ལམ་སྟོན་གྱི་སྡོང་པོ་ལས་འབྲས་བུ་འཕེལ་ཏེ་ད་ལྟ་འཛམ་གླིང་ཡུལ་གྲུ་ཀུན་ཏུ་སེམས་ཁམས་ཀྱི་བདེ་སྐྱིད་སྐྲུན་པའི་རིག་གཞུང་གི་བསྟི་གནས་གྲངས་ལས་འདས་ཤིང་། ཡ་རབས་གཤིས་བཟང་གི་དྲི་ངད་བཟང་པོས་འཛམ་གླིང་ཀུན་ལ་ཞི་བདེ་དང་ལྷིང་འཇགས་ཀྱི་ལེགས་སྐྱེས་ཕུལ་ཡོད་ལ། གནས་ཡུལ་ས་གནས་དེའང་རྦད་དེ་འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་ས་ཁྲའི་སྟེང་དྲུད་ཡོད། དམག་ཤུགས་དང་དྲག་རྒོལ་གྱི་རྣམ་པ་ཏིལ་འབྲུ་ཙམ་ཡང་མི་དགོས་པར། ཧམ་སེམས་དང་ཕྲག་མདོག དྲག་ཤུགས་ལ་དགའ་བའི་རྒྱ་ནག་དམར་པོའི་གཞུང་ལའང་ལན་མང་པར་དུས་ནས་དུས་སུ་མནོ་བསམ་གཏོང་རྒྱུ་དང་ཉིན་རའེི་ལས་དོན་ནང་དེའི་ནུས་སྟོབས་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་འགྱུར་བ་གཏོང་དགོས་པའི་དྲང་ཤུགས་ཤིག་བྱིན་ཡོད། གང་ལྟར་གནས་འདི་ནི་བོད་མི་སྐྱབས་བཅོལ་བའི་གནས་ཚང་གཅིག་པུ་ཞིག་མ་ཡིན་པར། འཛམ་གླིང་ཞི་བདེའི་དེད་དཔོན་ཆེན་པོ་མཆོག་གི་བཞུགས་སྒར་ཡིན་ལ། བོད་གཞིས་བྱེས་ཆོལ་གསུམ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་བློ་ཁ་གཏད་ཡུལ་ཡང་ཡིན། རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ་ཡོད་པས་བོད་མི་ཚོར་གསོན་ཤུགས་ཀྱི་སྙིང་སྟོབས་བྱིན་གྱི་ཡོད་ལ། རྡ་རམ་ས་ལའི་ཐུན་མིན་གྱི་ཡར་རྒྱས་དེས་འཛམ་གླིང་སྟེང་སྐྱབས་བཅོལ་བ་ཡོངས་ལ་མིག་དཔེ་ལྟ་སའི་དཔེ་་མཚོན་་ཞིག་བསྐྲུན་ཡོད།།

དྲ་དཔོན་ལགས།
དྲ་བ་འདི་ནི་ཧ་ཅང་ལེགས་པོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཚོར་སྣང་བྱུང་ཞིང་།
ཅི་སྟེ་འདིར་རྩོམ་རིག་གི་སྐོར་བསྐུར་ན་འགོད་གནང་གི་ཡོད་མེད་དང་།
བོད་ཡིག་ཐོག་ནས་དེར་ཞར་ཞོར་རོགས་རམ་བྱས་ཚེ།
ཁྱེད་རྣམས་བོད་ཡིག་ཞུ་དག་གཏོང་རོགས་སོགས་དགོས་ཚེ།
དང་བླང་ཐོག་ནས་གང་ཐུབ་ཞུ་རྩིས་ཡོད་པས་དེ་དོན་ཡིད་ལ་འཇོག་རོགས།

== ས་ཁམས། ==
== སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན། ==

== དཔལ་འབྱོར། ==
[[File:Tibeta biblioteko.jpg|thumb|200px|དྷ་རམ་ས་ལ་]]
== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Himachal Pradesh.png|
File:Domaro en McLeod Ganj.jpg|
File:Montaro Dhauladhar (foto de Dharamsala).jpg|
File:Looking down over Dharamsala and Beas River.jpg|

&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;

== ས་ཁམས། ==
[[File:Dharamsala-valley.jpg|thumb|200px|]]

== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==

== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==

== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==

[[Category:རྒྱ་གར]]
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[[File:Panorama of Moscow Kremlin.jpg|thumb|right|700px|]]
[[File:Panorama of Moscow at night.jpg|thumb|right|1000px|]]

* [[ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན]] &lt;!-- Russia --&gt;

{{stub}}

[[Category:ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན]]
[[Category:གྲོང་􀮣]]</text>
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    <ns>14</ns>
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      <text bytes="132" xml:space="preserve">{{catmain}}

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2602:306:BCE1:B400:81C9:AEB1:E769:DE40|2602:306:BCE1:B400:81C9:AEB1:E769:DE40]] ([[User talk:2602:306:BCE1:B400:81C9:AEB1:E769:DE40|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Vargenau|Vargenau]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="314" xml:space="preserve">&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Yellow squash DSC01080.jpg|ཀ་ཀུ་རུ
File:Cucurbita moschata Musquée de Provence - &quot;Courge musquée&quot; squash gourd.jpg|ཀ་ཀུ་རུ
File:Pumpkins.jpg|
File:2006-10-18Cucurbita pepo02.jpg|
File:Kuerbispflanze Patisson.jpg|
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{stub}}

[[Category:རང་བཞིན]]</text>
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== ཨམ་ཤིང ==

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:MangoTree.jpeg|ཨམ་ཤིང
File:MANGOTREE247.JPG|ཨམ་ཤིང
File:Mango blossoms.jpg|ཨམ་ཤིང
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== [[ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི]] ==

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mangues.JPG|[[ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི]]
File:GntMango2.jpg|[[ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི]]
File:Alphonso mango.jpg|[[ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི]]
File:Owoce Mango.jpg|[[ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

[[Category:རང་བཞིན]]

[[en:Mango tree]]
[[ru:Манговое дерево]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q169]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="969" xml:space="preserve">== ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི ==
[[Image:Mango tree Kerala in full bloom.jpg|thumb|180px|A mango tree in full bloom in [[Kerala]], [[India]]]]
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:GntMango2.jpg|ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི
File:Alphonso mango.jpg|ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི
File:Green mango.jpg|ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི
File:Mangif foetid 080130-4201 tdp.jpg|ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི
File:Owoce Mango.jpg|ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི
File:Apple mango and cross section edit1.jpg|ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི
File:Mango and cross sections.jpg|ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:MANGO252.JPG|ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི
File:Mangues.JPG|ཨམ་ཅུ་ཀུ་ལི
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== [[ཨམ་ཤིང]] ==

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:MangoTree.jpeg|[[ཨམ་ཤིང]]
File:MANGOTREE247.JPG|[[ཨམ་ཤིང]]
File:Mango blossoms.jpg|[[ཨམ་ཤིང]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;


{{stub}}

[[Category:རང་བཞིན]]</text>
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      <comment>[[Template:Asia]] འདི་ [[Template:ཨེ་ཤར་ཡ་]] ལུ་སྤོ་བཤུད་འབད་ཡོདཔ།</comment>
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      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:ཨེ་ཤར་ཡ་]]</text>
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      <comment>[[Template:Europe]] འདི་ [[Template:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]] ལུ་སྤོ་བཤུད་འབད་ཡོདཔ།</comment>
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      <text bytes="171" xml:space="preserve">འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས།


{{stub}}
[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
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      <text bytes="72" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཊེམ་པེལེཊི:བཏོན་གཏང་]]</text>
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      <text bytes="74" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཊེམ་པེལེཊི:ལག་ལེན་པ uk-2]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 95 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4654299]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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{{Commonscat|Wikipedians}}

[[Category:Wikipedia]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q3740]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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[[Category:འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱས་བཤད]]</text>
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  <page>
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      <comment>Robot: Fixing double redirect to [[མཽས་ཀོ།]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[མཽས་ཀོ།]]</text>
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  <page>
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      <contributor>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 143 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5460731]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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[[Category:འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱས་བཤད]]</text>
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  <page>
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      <contributor>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 110 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7009214]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
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  <page>
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    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>2795</id>
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    <revision>
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      <comment>redirect [[Category:བོད་ཡིག]] this page has a PUA character instead of bo</comment>
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      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Category:བོད་ཡིག]]</text>
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  <page>
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      <comment>Redirected page to [[ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="77" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན]]</text>
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  <page>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 22 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6549734]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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  <page>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q6445580]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="62" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:ལག་ལེན་པ བོད་ཡིག|it]]</text>
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  <page>
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      <contributor>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 5 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6445964]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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  <page>
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    <ns>10</ns>
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      <contributor>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5611779]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="562" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px;&quot;&gt;
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| style=&quot;width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt;&quot; | '''[[w:Italian language|it]]'''
| style=&quot;font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em;&quot; | Questo utente è di '''[[:Category:User it-N|madrelingua]] [[:Category:User it|italiana]]'''.[[Category:User it|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User it-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]
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[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི|it]]

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      <contributor>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 36 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7293287]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="164" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- 

གྲོང་􀮣 means city
འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ means Bhutan

--&gt;

[[Category:གྲོང་􀮣]]
[[Category:འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</text>
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      <comment>Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q4615183]]</comment>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Bot: Migrating 12 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q4966679]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="65" xml:space="preserve">{{Welcome}}

[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
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      <comment>Bot: Migrating 1 langlinks, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5412012]]</comment>
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[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི:ཐིག་ཁྲམ|{{PAGENAME}}]]

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      <contributor>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7642361]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི:ཐིག་ཁྲམ|{{PAGENAME}}]]

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      <contributor>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7085762]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི:ཐིག་ཁྲམ|{{PAGENAME}}]]

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      <contributor>
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      <comment>[[User:addbot|Bot]]: Migrating interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7642368]]</comment>
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[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི:ཐིག་ཁྲམ|{{PAGENAME}}]]

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      <contributor>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 152 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5412021]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི:ཐིག་ཁྲམ|{{PAGENAME}}]]

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      <contributor>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 28 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8219368]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <comment>Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q9686632]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="61" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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      <contributor>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 32 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7061894]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3332</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 150 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q4047087]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <contributor>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8852245]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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1. name given to a Buddhist 
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{{Stub}}
[[Category:བོད་ཡིག]]
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[[Category:ཐིམ་ཕུ་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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[[Category:ནང་པ]]</text>
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[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
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[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]

[[ml:വർഗ്ഗം:ജര്‍മ്മനി]]</text>
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[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
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[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 56 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q7204633]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1223" xml:space="preserve">འབྲུག་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་


'''Welcome!'''

Hello, {{PAGENAME}}, and [[:en:Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers|welcome]] to Dzongkha Wikipedia! We hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
*[[Talk:མ་ཤོག།|Talk about Dzongkha Wikipedia]]
*[[:en:Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Wikipedia]]
*[[:en:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|How to edit a page]]
*[[:en:Help:Contents|Help pages]]
*[[:en:Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
*[[:en:Wikipedia:How to write a great article|How to write a great article]]
*[[:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]
I hope you enjoy editing here and being a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedians|Wikipedian]]! Please [[:en:Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (~&amp;#126;~~); this will automatically produce your name and the date. If you need help, check out [[:en:Wikipedia:Where to ask a question]], ask me on my talk page, or place '''&lt;code&gt;{&amp;#123;helpme}}&lt;/code&gt;''' on your talk page and someone will show up shortly to answer your questions. Again, welcome!


{{translate}}

[[Category:Wikipedia]]

[[bg:Уикипедия:Първи стъпки]]
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ཁ་ཆེའི་ཆོས་ལུགས་དེ་ཁྱད་མཚར་ཞིག་རེད


[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
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སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་ཞེས་པ་ནི་ བདག་གཞན་ལ་ཕན་པར་བྱེད་པ་ནི་ཡིན་ནོ།

{{translate}}
{{stub}}

[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2636" xml:space="preserve">{{translate}}

[[File:Tibet in China (claimed hatched) (+all claims hatched).svg|thumb|བོད།]]
བོད་དམ་ཡང་ན་བོད་ཡུལ་ནི་སྟོད་མངའ་རིས་སྐོར་གསུམ་དང་བར་དབུས་གཙང་རུ་བཞི། སྨད་མདོ་ཁམས་སྒང་དྲུག་བཅས་ལ་གོ། ད་ལྟའི་ཆར་བོད་ཅེས་པར་ཆབ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་བ་དང་མི་རིགས་ཀྱི་གོ་བ་གཉིས་ལེན་གྱི་ཡོད་པ་རེད། སྔ་མ་ནི་རྒྱ་ནག་གིས་བགོས་པའི་བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས་ཁོངས་གཅིག་པུ་ལ་གོ་བ་དང་། ཕྱི་མ་ནི་བོད་རིགས་འདུས་པའི་བོད་ཆེན་པོའི་ཡུལ་གྲུ་ཡོངས་ལ་གོ་བ་ལེན་དགོས།བོད་ད་ལྟ་གནས་པའི་ཞིང་ཆེན་ནི། སི་ཁྲོན་དང་ཡོན་ནན། མཚོ་སྔོན། ཀན་སུ།བོད་ལྗོངས་ལྔ་རུ་བགོས་ཡོད།

ཨེ་ཤ་ཡའི་ཤར་དབུས། ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་རྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ནུབ་ངོས་སུ་གནས་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཡིན། མི་རིགས། བོད་པ། སྐད་ཡིག [[བོད་སྐད]]་དང་བོད་ཡིག ཆོས་རྒྱུད། བན་དང་བོན། ས་གནས་དབྱེ་བ། ཆོལ་གསུམ་སྟེ། དབུས་གཙང་དང་། ཁམས། ཨ་མདོ། དེ་ཡང་དབུས་གཙང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཆོལ་ཁ། མདོ་སྟོད་མི་ཡི་ཆོལ་ཁ། མདོ་སྨད་རྟ་ཡི་ཆོལ་ཁ་ཟེར་སྲོལ་ཡོད། ཡང་ན། སྟོད་མངའ་རིས་སྐོར་གསུམ་དང་། བར་དབུས་གཙང་རི་བཞི། སྨད་མདོ་ཁམས་སྒང་དྲུག་ཟེར། ད་ལྟ་གནསསྐ་བས་ཤིག་ལ་རྒྱ་ནག་ནག་གིས་དབང་སྒྱུར་འོག་གནས་ཡོད།


-------
* [[ལྷ་ས་]]
* [[བོད་སྐད]]


{{stub}}

[[Category:བོད |*]]</text>
      <sha1>a8fgk9bjs9pamz0j2vsitq2vobbeekq</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བོན།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2912</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27721</id>
      <parentid>27691</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:46:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="762" xml:space="preserve">[[བོད]]་ཡུལ་རང་ནས་དར་བའི་གདོན་མའི་[[ཆོས]]་ལུགས་ཤིག དུས་རབས་རིམ་བྱུང་བརྒྱུད་བོད་ཀྱི་ནང་པའི་ཆོས་དང་ཕན་ཚུན་ཤུགས་རྐྱེན་དང་དང་ལེན་བྱས་པས། ད་ལྟ་བན་བོན་དབྱེ་བ་ཆེར་མེད་པ་དང་ཕན་ཚུན་སློབ་གཉེར་བྱེད་ཆོག་པ་ཡིན།

སྟོན་པ་གཤེན་རབས།་བསྟན་པའི་ཆོས་ལུགས།

{{stub}}
{{translate}}

[[Category:ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ལས]]</text>
      <sha1>0l9wumcwsrwmmcn2rk4gtv6sslr9fik</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ལ་དྭགས།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2928</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27955</id>
      <parentid>27353</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-11-09T00:35:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>82.22.116.129</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="906" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gebetsflaggen-tsemo-gompa-leh.JPG|right|thumb|300px|]]

'''རྒྱ་གར་'''ནི་[[རྒྱ་གར་]]ཞིང་ཆེན་ཞིག་རེད།

== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན། ==
== མི་འབོར། ==
== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:India Ladakh adm location map.svg|
File:Gompa-Phyang-1.jpg|
File:Tanglanglapass.jpg|
File:Ladakh Monastery.jpg|
File:LK130030.jpg|
File:Ladakh Woman edit4.jpg|
File:A local woman, Ladakh.jpg|
File:Stupa Chorten Ladakh.jpg|

&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;

== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
*[[ལ་དྭགས་སྐད།]]

== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==


[[Category:རྒྱ་གར]]</text>
      <sha1>g02m2rjblx66vmy0vr9klor7gctv45d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྟ་མགོ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2936</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29264</id>
      <parentid>29076</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-06-04T12:56:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>1234qwer1234qwer4</username>
        <id>4027</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/AljaWiki290702|AljaWiki290702]] ([[User talk:AljaWiki290702|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Yangtsevirus|Yangtsevirus]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16340" xml:space="preserve">རྟ་མགོ་དེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུ་གི་ས་གནས་ཐག་རིང་ས་ཅིག་ཁར་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཁྲོམ་ཁ་ལས་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ ཊར་ ༡༤ དེ་ཅིག་གི་ས་ཁར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། [[སྣུམ་འཁོར་གྱི་ལམ་ཁ་ལས་]] དུས་ཡུན་ སྐར་མ་ ༤༠ དེ་ཅིག་རྐང་ཐང་འགྱོ་དགོཔ་ཨིན།

[[File:TangoMonastery.jpg|350px|thumb|right|རྟ་མགོ།]]

རྟ་མགོ་ཟེར་མི་ མིང་དེ་ [[གནས་བདག་]] རྟའི་མགུ་ཏོག་བཟུམ་ཡོད་མི་ རྟ་མགྲིན་ལས་ རྟ་དྲངས་ཏེ་ སླབ་སླབ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ས་གནས་དེ་ འགོ་དང་པ་ དུས་རབ་ བརྒྱད་པའི་ནང་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ ངོས་འཛིན་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན་མས། ༡༢༢༢ ལུ་ ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་ མདོ་སྡེ་ནང་ལུ་ ཆོས་གནང་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ རྟ་མགོ་ ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ རྟ་གི་སྐད་གཅིག་གོ་སྟེ་ ས་གནས་དེ་ཁར་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ ས་གནས་དེའི་གནས་བདག་ [[རྟ་མགྲིན་གྱིས་]] ཕ་ཇོ་ལུ་ ས་གནས་དེ་ཁར་ སྒྲུབ་ཁང་གཅིག་བཞེངས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ མཁའ་འགྲོ་ བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་སྒྲོན་གསང་ཡུམ་སྦེ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་རྒྱུད་པའི་ཆོས་ལུགས་ དར་ཁྱབ་མཛད་ནིའི་ ལུང་བསྟན་གནང་ནུག།

ཤུལ་ལས་ས་གནས་དེ་ཁར་ བླམ་འབྲུག་པ་ཀུན་ལེགས་དང་ ཁོ་གི་སྲས་ བླམ་ ངག་དབང་ བསྟན་འཛིན་ དེ་ལས་ མི་ཕམ་ཚེ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་ [[དང་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་]] གལ་གནད་ཅན་གྱི་སྐྱེས་བུ་ ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་གིས ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་གནང་ནུག། ཞབས་དྲུང་ ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ ས་གནས་དེ་ཁར་ སྒོམ་གནང་སྟེ་ ངག་བཅུ་དྲུག་མ་ཡང་བརྩམས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཡབ་ [[བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་གི་]] སྐུ་གདུང་ཡང་ གནས་བདག་ རྟ་མགྲིན་གྱི་ བྲག་ཕུག་ནང་ བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག།

ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་པའི་ ལྷ་ཁང་དེ་ ༡༦༨༩ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༥༡ བཞེས་པའི་སྐབས་ བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཐོག་གསུམ་སྦེ་མི་ལྷ་ཁང་དེ་ གཡུས་ཁའི་མི་ཚུ་གི་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་དེ་ ཟླཝ་ གཉིས་ཀྱི་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། རྒྱལ་སྲས་ བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ ཡབ་ཚེ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་དང་ ལྕང་སྒང་ཁ་བླམ་གྱི་སྲམོ་ དམ་ཆོས་བསྟན་འཛིན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ [[སྐུ་ཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་]] ཤུལ་ལས་ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གིས་ དགེ་སློང་ནང་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་ རྗེས་ཤུལ་བཟུང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཆོས་སྲིད་དང་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱངས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཚན་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཟེར་ཐོབ་ནུག། ༡༦༥༠ ལུ་ ཁོ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ ༡༦༧༢ ཁྲི་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་བྱུངས་ནུག། རྒྱལ་སྲས་ བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ ༡༦༨༠ ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཞི་པ་སྦེ་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ༡༦༩༦ ལུ་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༥༩ བཞེས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཞིང་ཕེབས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཞིང་ཕེབས་པའི་སྐབས་ [[སྐུ་ཚུ་ཤུམས་ཡོད་པའི་]] ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་ཚུ་ ད་ལྟོ་བར་ན་ཡང་ སྡེབས་རིས་ཚུ་གུ་ མཐོང་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན། རྟ་མགོ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་གདུང་ཡོད་པའི་ སྐུ་གདུང་མཆོད་རྟེན་གཅིག་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

རྟ་མགོ་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ ཙན་དན་ཤིང་ཚུ་ ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོའི་ ཕྱག་འཁར་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ བཤདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཙན་དན་ཤིང་གི་རྩ་བར་ཡོད་པའི་ [[མཆོད་རྟེན་དེ་]] མཁའ་འགྲོ་ བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་སྒྲོན་སངས་རྒྱས་ས་ ཨིནམ་དང་ མཆོད་རྟེན་དེ་ མོ་གི་རྒྱུ་ཅ་ལ་ཚུ་བཞག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་གིས་ སྒོམ་གནང་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ རྟ་མགྲིན་གནས་ཟེར་མི་ ལྷ་ཁང་ཆུང་ཀུ་གཅིག་ཡང་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག།

༡༩༦༦ ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་ [[རྗེ་མཁན་པོ་]] ཁྲི་རབས་ ༦༤ པ་ འཇམ་དབྱངས་ ཡེ་ཤེས་ སེང་གེ་ དང་ ཨ་ཞེས་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ བླམ་ བསྟན་འཛིན་དོན་སྒྲུབ་དེ་ རྟ་མགོ་བླམ་སྦེ་བཀལ་གནང་ནུག། ཤུལ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ ཨ་ཞེ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་གྱིས་ གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ དུས་འཇོམས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ ས་གནས་དེ་ཁར་ ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྗེ་མཁན་པོ་ ཁྲི་རབས་ ༦༩ པ་ དགེ་བཤེས་ དགེ་འདུན་ རིན་ཆེན་མཆོག་གིས་ ལོ་ ༡༢ དེ་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་བཤད་གྲྭ་དེའི་དབུ་འཛིན་མཛད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་ལས་ མ་དངུལ་གྲོགས་རམ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ དབུ་རྩེ་ ཉམས་བཅོས་མཛད་དེ་ མཁན་རྩེ་ རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ རབ་གནས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ༡༩༧༧ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ ཨ་ཞེ་ བསྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་མཆོག་གིས་ [[ལྷ་ཁང་དེ་]] ཉམས་བཅོས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ༡༩༨༦ ལུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་བཀའ་རྒྱལ་ལྟར་དུ་ ལྷ་ཁང་ཉམས་བཅོས་འབད་ནིའི་ལས་འགུལ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ལོ་དེ་ནང་རང་ ནང་པའི་བཤད་གྲྭ་ བཙུགས་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ༡༩༩༦ ལུ་ ལས་འགུལ་དེ་ མཐར་འཁྱོལཅན་གཅིག་སྦེ་ མཇུག་བསྡུ་གནང་ནུག།

དགོན་སྡེ་འདི་ནང་ [[སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་]] ལོངས་སྐུ་ལྷ་ཁང་ ཆོས་སྐུ་ལྷཁང་དང་ གུ་རུ་ལྷ་ཁང་ དེ་ལས་ རྣམ་སྲས་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་ དགོན་ཁང་བཅས་ ལྷ་ཁང་དྲུག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ལུ་ [[ནང་རྟེན་ངོ་མ་]] སངས་རྒྱས་ ཤཱཀྱ་མུ་ནི་ནང་ སངས་རྒྱས་མར་མེ་མཛད་ ཇོ་བོ་ བྱམས་པ་དང་ གཞན་ཡང་ (འཇམ་དབྱངས་དང་ ཕྱག་རྡོར་ སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་དང་ ནམ་ཁའི་སྙིང་པོ་) ལ་སོགས་པའི་ བྱང་སེམས་ཉེ་བའི་སྲས་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

དགོན་ཁང་ནང་ལུ་ [[དཔལ་ཡེ་ཤེས་དགོན་པོ་]] ཕྱག་ལུ་ ཐོད་པ་བརྣམས་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཐོད་པ་དེ་ བོད་ཀྱི་རྒྱལཔོ་ ཁྲི་སྲོང་ལྡེ་བཙན་གྱི་་ཐོད་པ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་མས།

ལོངས་སྐུ་ ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ལུ་ [[སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་]] སྐུ་དེ་ ནེ་པཱལ་གྱི་ རྒྱུ་རྩལ་མཁནམ་ པེན་རྩ་བདེ་བ་གིས་ བཞེངས་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན་མས།

ཆོས་སྐུ་ ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ རྒྱས་སྲས་ བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་མཛད་ཐོག་ལས་ པེན་རྩ་བདེ་བ་གིས་བཞེངས་གནང་མི་ ཚེ་དཔག་མེད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།

གུ་རུ་ ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ལུ་ ནང་རྟེན་ངོ་མ་ གུ་རུ་ [[པད་མ་སམ་བྷ་ཝ་དང་]] གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

རྣམ་སྲས་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ལུ་ རྣམ་ཐོས་སྲས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

རྒྱལ་སྲས་ བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བཞུགས་ཁང་ནང་ལུ་ [[གུ་རུའི་སྐུ་འདྲ་དེ་]] ཚེ་དཔག་མེད་དང་ རྡོ་རྗེ་འཆང་ ཏི་ལོ་པ་དང་ནཱ་རོ་པ་ མར་པ་དང་ སྒམ་པོ་པ་ གླིང་རལ་པ་དང་ སེང་གེ་ཚེེ་ཆེན་དགུ་ རིགས་གསུམ་རྣམ་སྤྲུལ་དང་ རྒྱལ་དབང་རྗེ་ དེ་ལས་ ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་དང་ ཆོས་སྐྱིད་གྲགས་པ་ བསྟན་པ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ ངག་གི་དབང་ཕྱུག་ ཀུན་མཁྱེན་ པདྨ་དཀར་པོ་དང་ མི་ཕམ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ དེ་ལས་ བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་དང་ [[ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་]] བླམ་འབྲུག་པ་ཀུན་ལེགས་དང་ ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་ [[རབ་རྒྱས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ཚུ་གིས་]] མཐའ་བསྐོར་ཏེ་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ ཚངས་པ་རྒྱ་རེ་ དང་ དྲུང་དམ་ཆོས་ མཁས་ཆེན་ བསོད་ནམས་འོད་ཟེར་དང་ རྡོ་རྗེ་ཕག་མོ་ མཁྱེན་ཆེན་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམསདཔའ་དང་ དྲག་པོ་མ་ཆེན་ གྲུབ་ཐོབ་ ཤ་ཝ་རི་པ་ དང་ རྡོ་རྗེ་རབ་རྒྱས་ སྦྱིན་པ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་ སྤྱན་རསག་ཟིགས་དང་ སྒྲོལ་དཀར་ [[སྒྲོལ་སྔོན་]] དང་ འབྲུག་པ་ཀུན་ལེགས་ གྲུབ་ཐོབ་ ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་དང་ ཚེ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་ ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་དང་ རྡོ་རྗེ་སེམས་དཔའ་ འཇམ་དཔལ་དམར་གསེར་དང་ ཕྱག་ན་རྡོ་རྗེ་ སློབ་དཔོན་ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ་ དང་ ཇོ་བོ་བྱམས་པ་ སྒྲུབ་ཆེན་ ཤཱཀྱ་ཕེལ་ དེ་ལས་ ཀུན་སྤངས་སྒྱུ་མའི་མགར་མཁྱེན་དང་ རྗེ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ ་ ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་དང་ ནོར་རྒྱུན་མ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

རྟ་མགོ་ལུ་ དུས་ཆེན་གཙོ་བོ་ ༡༩༦༧ ལུ་ [[གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་པའི་]] དབྱར་གནས་དེ་ ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་ཡང་ རང་ཟླ་དྲུག་པའི་ ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལས་ རང་ཟླ་བདུན་པའི་ གནམ་སྒང་ཚུན་ཚོད་གནང་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།


* [[ཐིམ་ཕུུུུ]]


[[Category:ཐིམ་ཕུ]]
[[Category:རྫོང]]</text>
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    <title>སྐུ་འཁོར་གྱི་རྒྱུད་པ།</title>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:387:A:9:0:0:0:AA|2600:387:A:9:0:0:0:AA]] ([[User talk:2600:387:A:9:0:0:0:AA|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Tegel|Tegel]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="10982" xml:space="preserve">== སྐུ་འཁོར་གྱི་རྒྱུད་པ། ==

* '''[[གོང་ས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་]]''' ཡབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣབ་རྒྱལ་དང་ ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེས་ པདྨ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ [[༡༨༦༢]] ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ཡབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ དུང་དཀར་ཆོས་རྗེ་པི་ལ་དགོན་པོ་དབང་རྒྱལ་དང་ བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་འཛོམས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ཨིན། རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ གདུང་དཀར་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ དེ་ལས་ ཚེ་རིང་སྒྲོལ་མ་དང་ གཡུ་སྒྲོན་ཚུ་ཁོ་གི་སྤུན་ཆ་ཨིནམ་དང་གདུང་དཀར་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ནུག།

: ཡུམ་པདྨ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་དེ་ ཏམ་ཞིང་ཆོས་རྗེ་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ སྲསམོ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་དེ་ པད་གླིང་གསུངས་སྤྲུལ་ ༨་པ་ ཀུན་བཟང་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་དང་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ནུ་ཨིན། ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་ཡང་བཞེས་ནུག། 

: གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ལུ་སྐུ་མཆེད་གཉིས་ཡོད་མི་ནང་ལས་ ཕྲིན་ལས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་དཔོན་དང་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཡེ་ཤེས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དེ་ བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་དཔོན་ འཆི་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་གཉེན་སྦྱོར་འབད་ནུག། 

: གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་སྲསམོ་ཨ་ཞེ་རིན་ཆེན་དང་ ཀུར་སྟོད་ཁོལ་ལས་ཨིན་མི་ ཨམ་ཚེ་དབང་རྒྱས་མོ་གི་སྲསམོ་གསུམ་ཡོད་ས་ལས་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ ཨ་ཞེ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་ལྷ་མོའམ་གླེ་མོ་ གཉིས་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་གཉེན་སྦྱོར་མཛད་ནུག། ཨམ་ཚེ་དབང་རྒྱས་མོ་འདི་ཉ་ལམ་དུང་གུ་རུ་ཆོས་དབང་གི་གདུང་ལས་མཆེད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། 
ཨ་ཞེ་རིན་ཆེན་ལས་ སྲསམོ་ དཔལ་སྒྲོན་དང་དབྱངས་འཛོམས་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཨ་ཞེ་ གླེ་མོ་ལས་ སྲསམོ་ དབང་མོ་ སྲས་འགྱུར་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ ཀརྨ་འཕྲིན་ལས་ དེ་ལས་ འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཚུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།

* '''[[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་ འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་]]''' [[༡༩༠༥]] འི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཡབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱག་དང་ ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་བརྩོན་འགྲུལ་ལྷ་མོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། མི་དབང་མཆོག་ ཆུ་སྨད་ཞལ་ངོ་ དྲག་ཤོས་ འཇམ་དབྱངས་ཀྱི་སྲསམོ་ ཨ་ཞེ་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དང་ ཨ་ཞེ་ པདྨ་བདེ་ཆེན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གཉེན་སྦྱོར་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཨ་ཞེ་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ ཨ་ཞེ་ པདྨ་བདེ་ཆེན་ལས་ སྲས་ རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ སྲསམོ་ ཆོས་སྐྱིད་དང་ བདེ་སྐྱིད་དབྱངས་འཛོམས་ དེ་ལས་ པདྨ་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་ཚུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་་ནུག།

* '''[[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་]]''' [[༡༩༢༨]] ལུ་ ཡབ་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་་ནུག། མི་དབང་མཆོག་ གོང་གཟིམ་བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་དང་ སི་ཀིམ་ལས་ ཨ་ཞེ་ ཆོས་དབྱིངས་དབང་མོ་གཉིསཀྱི་སྲསམོ་ ཨ་ཞེ་ བསྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་གཉེན་སྦྱོར་མཛད་ནུག། ཨ་ཞེ་བསྐལ་བཟང་ལས་ སྲས་ འཇིགས་མོེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ ཨ་ཞེ་ བསོད་ནམས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དང་ བདེ་ཆེན་དབང་མོ་ བསྐལ་བཟང་དབང་མོ་དང་ད པདྨ་ལྷ་སྒྲོན་ཚུ་འཁྲུངས་་ནུག།

* '''[[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་]]''' [[༡༩༥༥]] ལུ་ ཡབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་ བསྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། མི་དབང་མཆོག་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་(༡༩༠༥-༡༩༣༡)གི་སྐུ་ཚ་བོ་ ཡབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ ཡུམ་ཐུགས་རྗེ་བཟང་མོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲསམོ་ ཨ་ཞེ་ རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་མོ་དང་ ཨ་ཞེ་ཚེ་རིང་དཔལམོ་ ཨ་ཞེ་ཚེ་རིང་དབྱངས་སྒྲོན་དང་ཨ་ཞེ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གཉེན་སྦྱོར་མཛད་ནུག། 

: མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་བཙུན་ ཨ་ཞེ་ ཚེ་རིང་དབྱངས་སྒྲོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་ འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་ རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ ([[༡༩༨༠]]), དང་ ཨ་ཞེ་བདེ་ཆེན་དབྱངས་འཛོམས་དབང་ཕྱུག་ ([[༡༩༨༡]]),་ དེ་ལས་ དྲག་ཤོས་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཚུ་ འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་བཙུན་ཨ་ཞེ་ རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་མོ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལས་ ཨ་ཞེ་ བསོད་ནམས་བདེ་ཆེན་དབང་ཕྱུག་([[༡༩༨༡]])དང་ དྲག་ཤོས་འཇིགས་རྒྱལ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་([[༡༩༨༤]])འཁྲུངས་ནུག། མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་བཙུན་ཨ་ཞེ་ ཚེ་རིང་དཔལམོ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལས་ ཨ་ཞེ་འཆི་མེད་དབྱངས་འཛོམས་དབང་ཕྱུག་([[༡༩༨༠]])དང་ ཨ་ཞེ་བསྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་([[༡༩༨༢]]) དེ་ལས་ དྲག་ཤོས་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་([[༡༩༩༤]])ཚུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་བཙུན་ ཨ་ཞེ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལས་ དྲག་ཤོས་ ཁམས་གསུམ་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་(༡༩༨༥)དང་ ཨ་ཞེ་ གཡུ་འཕེལ་མ་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་([[༡༩༩༣]])ཚུ་ ཁྲུངས་ནུག།

* '''[[མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་ རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་]]''' [[༡༩༨༠]] དབྱིན་ཟླ་གཉིས་པའི་དབྱིན་ཚེས་ ༢༡ ལུ་ ཡབ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་ ཚེ་རིང་དབྱངས་སྒྲོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།


* [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]

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    <title>གོང་ས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་</title>
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      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག]]</comment>
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[[འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་དར་]]'''འདི་ དབྱིབས་གྲུ་བཞི་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཕྱོགས་གཉིས་ལུ་ གསེག་དྲ་སྦེ་བགོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཕྱེ་གསེརཔོ་སྦེ་ལྟག་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་གིས་ སྲིད་དང་མངའ་བདག་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ བརྡ་མཚོན་ཚུ་སྟནམ་ཨིནམ་དང་ འོག་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ ལི་ཝང་འདི་གིས་ འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་རྒྱུད་ཆོས་ལུགས་ཀྱི་བརྡ་མཚོན་ཚུ་གསལ་སྟོན་འབདཝ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་དཀརཔོ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མིང་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་བཞིན་གཙང་མ་ཡོད་པའི་བརྡ མཚོན་སྟོནམ་ཨིནམ་དང་ འབྲུག་གི་ལག་པར་ནོར་བུ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་རྒྱུ་ནོ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཕུན་གསུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་རྟགས་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ ༡༩༤༧ ལུ་ མ་ཡུམ་ ཆོས་ཉིད་དབང་མོ་མཆོག་གིས་གསར་བསྐྲུན་འབད་འབདཝ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ༡༩༥༦ ལུ་ ད་ལྟོའི་བཟོ་རྣམ་ལུ་ ལེགས་བཅོས་འབད་འབདཝ་ཨིན།'''
 

[[རྒྱལ་དར།]]

ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་མིན་འདུག ། འདི་ང་བཅས་དུས་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་པའི་ནང་གི་བསྒྱུར་བ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དུས་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་པའི་ནང་ ཡར་སྟོད་ལས་རྒྱ་ནག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ འདི་ཡང་འགྱུར་བ་ཆགས། སྨད་ལས་རྒྱ་གར་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ འདི་ཡང་འགྱུར་བ་ཆགས། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་རང་སོ་སོའི་རྒྱལ་ལུགས་ རྒྱལ་དར་ རྒྱལ་རྟགས་ཚུ་ བཟོ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཁོང་སྟོབས་ཅན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྦུག་ལུ་ ང་བཅས་ནཱ་ཡང་ ཅོག་ཅིགཔ་སྦེ་བསྒྱུར་བ་བཏང་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག །

དེ་ཡང་ས་སྐྱོང་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ་ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་གི་བཀའ་ལྟར་དུ་ དང་པ་རང་ནང་པའི་རིག་པའི་གནས་ལྔ་ལུ་མཁས་ཤོས་ ད་ལི་ན་སློབ་དཔོན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་དང་ དྲག་ཤོས་ཤིང་ཁ་བླམ་ དྲག་ཤོས་ཨ་ཁུ་བཀྲོང་མི་ ཁོང་ཕུལ་དུ་ཕྱིན་པའི་མཁས་པ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ ཕྲི་སྣོན་སྲེ་གསུམ་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ལུགས་འདི་བརྩམས་གནང་ནུག ། མཐའ་མེད་མཐའ་དཔྱོད་གྲུབ་འབྲས་འདི་ ཚིགས་རྐང་དྲུག་ལུ་ ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ ཁོ་ར་གིས་གཏན་ཕེབས་གནང་ནུག ། ཚིགས་བཅད་འདི་འབད་བ་ཅིན་་་

འབྲུག་ཙན་དན་བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་།།

དཔལ་ལུགས་གཉིས་བསྟན་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་བའི་མགོན།།

འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།།

སྐུ་འགྱུར་མེད་བརྟན་ཅིང་ཆབ་སྲིད་འཕེལ།།

ཆོས་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས།།

འབངས་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཉི་མ་ཤར་བར་ཤོག།

རྒྱལ་ལུགས་གཏན་ཕེབས་གནང་ཚརཝ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ལུགས་འདི་གིས་མཚོན་པའི་ རྒྱལ་དར་ཡང་བཟོ་དགོཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་སྐལ་བཟང་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་མཆེད་ ཨ་ནུ་ལྷ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་བཟོ་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན་ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་འདུག ། འདི་ཡང་ག་དེ་འབད་བཟོ་ནུག་དགོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ ཚོན་མདོག་སེར་པོ་ ཚོན་མདོག་དམར་པོ་ སྦུག་ན་འབྲུག་དཀར་པོ་གཅིག ། མཚོན་སྲོལ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སེར་པོ་འདི་གིས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མཚོན། དམར་པོ་འདི་ བླམ་ཆོསཔ་ཚུ་མཚོན། འབྲུག་འདི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་མཚོན་སྦེ་ དཔེར་ན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ། །སྐུ་འགྱུར་མེད་བརྟན་ཅིང་ཆབ་སྲིད་འཕེལ། །ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སེར་པོ་འདི་གིས་མཚོན་ ཆོས་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས།། ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ཚོན་མདོག་དམར་པོ་འདི་གིས་མཚོན་ འབངས་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཉི་མ་ཤར་བར་ཤོག། ཟེར་མི་འདི་ འབྲུག་དཀར་པོ་འདི་གིས་མཚོན། འབྲུག་འདི་སྐད་གྲགས་ཆེ་དྲགས། འབྲུག་དཀར་པོ་འདི་ ནད་དང་མུ་གེ་ཞི་བ། འབྲུག་གི་ལག་པ་ནོརབུ་འཆང་མི་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་འབྱོར་ལྡན་ཕྱུགཔོ་འཆང་ནི་ནོར་བུ་ཨིན།

ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་གྲུ་བཞི་སྦེ་བཟོ་བཟོཝ་མས་ དེ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་མི་ཆ་ཁྱབ་ག་ར་ རིངམོ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ལུ་ འདི་གུ་དཔེ་བླངས་ཏེ་རིངམོ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག ། དེ་ལས་ཚོན་མདོག་དམརཔོ་འདི་ཡང་ ལི་ཝང་ལུ་བཟོ་གནང་ཞིན་ན་ སེརཔོ་འདི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་དང་ ལི་ཝང་འདི་བློན་པོ་ལུ་མཚོན། ཆོས་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ སེརཔོ་འདི་རྗེ་མཁན་པོ་དང་ ལི་ཝང་འདི་བླ་སློབ་ལུ་མཚོན། དེ་ལས་འབྲུག་དཀརཔོ་འདི་ མི་སེར་བུ་དང་བུ་མོ་ཚུ་ལུ་མཚོནམ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ།

ས་སྐྱོང་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ་ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ དམག་སྡེ་དང་ སློབ་གྲྭ་གསརཔ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་བཙུགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཡར་རྒྱ་ནག་ལུ་འབད་རུང་ མར་རྒྱ་གར་ལུ་འབད་རུང་ དམག་གྱལ་ཐིག་རེ་བསྒྲིགས་པ་ཅིན་ དང་པ་རྒྱལ་ལུགས་འདི་བཏང་ རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་འཕྱར་ མི་ཚུ་གིས་གུས་ཞབས་འབད། དེ་བཟུམ་འབད་རང་ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མཛད་རིམ་ ག་ཅི་འབད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ལུགས་འདི་བཏང་ རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་འཕྱརཝ་ད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ འདི་ཚུ་ག་ར་ལུ་ཤ་ཞེན་བསྐྱེད་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེ་བས།

དུས་ནམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་དར་རལ་རལཝ་འཕྱར་ནི་དང་ ད་རུང་མར་ལས་ཤིང་འབྲས་བསྡམ་ནི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་བཟོ་བ་ཅིན་ མི་འདི་བསོད་ནམས་ར་ཟད་ཚརཝ་ཨིན། རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ས་གཙང་བཞག་དགོ་ རལ་རལཝ་མི་བཏུབ་ གུས་ཞབས་འབད་དགོ་ཟེར་གསུང་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་མཛད་པ་ཅིན་ བུ་དང་བུ་མོ་རེ་རེ་ཞིན་དུ་བསོད་ནམས་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་འོང་། རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ལུ་ འ་ནཱིམ་ཅིག་གནོདཔ་ཅན་དང་ མེདཔ་བཏང་པ་ཅིན་ བསོད་ནམས་ཡང་དམའ་བཀྲག་འགྱོ་འོང་། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་འཕྱར་བའི་སྐབས་ ང་གིས་ངེ་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་འདི་ལུ་ གུས་བཀུར་འབད་དགོ ། ངེ་གི་ཆོས་འདི་ལུ་གུས་བཀུར་འབད་དགོ ། ངེ་གི་ཆ་རོགས་འབྲུག་དཀརཔོ་འདི་ལུ་གུས་བཀུར་འབད་དགོ་ཟེར་བསམ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་སྦེ་འབད་ཡར་སོང་པ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་ བློན་པོ་ བླ་ཆོསཔ་ མི་སེར་ག་ར་ སེམས་ལུ་འབབ་འོང་ཟེར་ཞུ་ཨིན།

== འབྲེལ་མཐུད། ==
* http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/abt_nationalflag.php

{{stub}}

[[Category:འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>ls30las5xmhipyu1z4dy5btv9vimmf7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྒྱལ་དར།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2948</id>
    <redirect title="ཧྥ་རན་ས་ཀྱི་དར་ཆ།" />
    <revision>
      <id>17689</id>
      <timestamp>2011-02-21T09:49:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>moved [[རྒྱལ་དར།]] to [[ཧྥ་རན་ས་ཀྱི་དར་ཆ།]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཧྥ་རན་ས་ཀྱི་དར་ཆ།]]</text>
      <sha1>1r756c1cld8qigenyvdgb4quqpbt0u1</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ ལས་རྟགས།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2949</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25614</id>
      <parentid>25072</parentid>
      <timestamp>2015-07-06T12:11:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Thyj</username>
        <id>4185</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1894" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg|300px|thumb|right|རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ ལས་རྟགས།]]

རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལས་རྟགས་འདི་ དབྱིབས་ཐད་སྒོར་སྒོར་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་ནང་ མེ་ཏོག་པདྨའི་གུ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གཉིས་ཁ་འཐབ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྦུག་ལུ་ རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱ་འགྲམ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་དང་ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ ཟུང་འབྲེལ་དུ་གནས་པའི་བརྡ་མཚོན་ཨིནམ་དང་ མེ་ཏོག་པདྨ་དེ་ རྣམ་དཀར་དམ་ཚིག་གཙང་མའི་བརྡ་མཚོན་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ འབྲུག་གི་ལག་པར་ནོར་བུ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་དང་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་དར་ཤིང་རྒྱས་པའི་བརྡ་མཚོན་ཨིན། ཟུར་ཁ་ལས་འབྲུག་ ཕོ་མོ་གཉིས་ཁ་འཐབ་རྐྱབ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ ང་བཅས་ར་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མིང་གི་བརྡ་མཚོན་ཨིན།


* [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]

== འབྲེལ་མཐུད། ==
* http://www.bhutan.gov.bt/government/abt_nationalsymbols.php
* http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/bhutan/pid/7056

{{stub}}

[[Category:འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>a05aweu5kv1zkiuat948r9o11xwri4y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་ཕྲིན་ལས</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>2951</id>
    <redirect title="འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་ཕྲིན་ལས།" />
    <revision>
      <id>23604</id>
      <parentid>23513</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T10:01:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Moved to [[འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་ཕྲིན་ལས།]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="92" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་ཕྲིན་ལས།]]</text>
      <sha1>0ncazgt293pgywie36f94788c46mz3h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བློན་པོ་ འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་ཕྲིན་ལས</title>
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སྲིད་བློན [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]

* [[བློན་པོ་ འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་ཕྲིན་ལས།]]	&lt;!-- Lyonpo Jigme Y. Thinley --&gt;	(20 July 1998	  - 	9 July 1999)	 
* [[བློན་པོ་ ཀུན་བཟང་རྡོ་རྗེ།]] 	&lt;!-- Lyonpo Sangay Nidup --&gt;	 	(9 July 1999	  - 	20 July 2000)  
* [[བློན་པོ་ མཁའ་འགྲོ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]  	&lt;!-- Lyonpo Yeshey Zimba --&gt;		(20 July 2000 	  - 	8 August 2001)  
* [[བློན་པོ་ སངྱས་དངོས་གྲུབ།]]  	&lt;!-- Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk --&gt;		(8 August 2001	  - 	14 August 2002) 
* [[བློན་པོ་ ཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱ་མཚོ།]] 	&lt;!-- Lyonpo Kinzang Dorji --&gt;		(14 August 2002	  - 	30 August 2003)  
* [[བློན་པོ་ འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་ཕྲིན་ལས།]] &lt;!-- Lyonpo Jigme Y. Thinley --&gt;	(30 August 2003	  - 	18 August 2004) 
* [[བློན་པོ་ མཁའ་འགྲོ་དབང་ཕྱུག]] 	&lt;!-- Lyonpo Yeshey Zimba --&gt;		(18 August 2004	  - 	5 September 2005)  
* [[བློན་པོ་ ཀུན་བཟང་རྡོ་རྗེ།]]	&lt;!-- Lyonpo Sangay Nidup --&gt;		(5 September 2005 -	7 September 2006) 
* [[བློན་པོ་ སངྱས་དངོས་གྲུབ།]] 	&lt;!-- Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk --&gt;		(7 September 2006 -	31 July 2007)  
* [[བློན་པོ་ ཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱ་མཚོ།]] 	&lt;!-- Lyonpo Kinzang Dorji --&gt;		(31 July 2007 	  - 	9 April 2008) 
* [[བློན་པོ་ འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་ཕྲིན་ལས།]]	&lt;!-- Lyonpo Jigme Y. Thinley --&gt;	(9 April 2008	  - 	...) 	 

{{stub}}

[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་སྲིད་དོན་ལམ་ལུགས།ི]]</text>
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༈ རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ གཞུང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྐད་ཡིག་ རྫོང་ཁའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་རྩམ་མི་དང་ རྫོང་ཁའི་མཐར་ཐུག་གི་དབང་འཛིན་པ་ རང་དབང་རང་སྐྱོང་གི་འདུས་ཚོགས་ མཐོ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། འདུས་ཚོགས་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ དཔལ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་ཐུགས་དགོངས་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན།

འདུས་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་འགན་དབང་གཙོ་བོ་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྐད་ཡིག་རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་དར་ཁྱབ་ཀྱི་ཐབས་ལམ་ གྲོས་སྟོན་འབད་ནི་དང་འབྲེལ་ གནས་ཚད་དང་ལག་ལེན་གྱི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཡར་དྲག་བཟོ་ནི་ དེ་ལས་ སློབ་སྦྱོང་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ རྫོང་ཁ་དར་ཁྱབ་གཏང་ནི་གི་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན།


* [[རྫོང་ཁ་]]
* [[རྫོང་ཁའི་ལྡེ་སྒྲོམ་]]

== འབྲེལ་མཐུད། ==
* [http://www.dzongkha.gov.bt/index.html རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས]


{{stub}}

[[Category:རྫོང་ཁ]]
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Undo revision 28410 by [[Special:Contributions/119.2.125.143|119.2.125.143]] ([[User talk:119.2.125.143|talk]]) vandalism</comment>
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! ''''ནུབ'''&lt;!-- west --&gt; !! '''ལྟེ་བ'''&lt;!-- central --&gt; !! '''ལྷོ'''&lt;!-- south --&gt;  !! '''ཤར'''&lt;!-- east --&gt; 
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|align=&quot;center&quot;| [[ཐིམ་ཕུ་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[མགར་ས་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]]
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFEEC2&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot;| [[སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]]
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFEEC2&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot;| [[ཧཱ་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[བཀྲིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག]]
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFEEC2&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot;| [[བསམ་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[རྩི་རང་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག]]
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFEEC2&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot;| [[ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག]] ||align=&quot;center&quot;|   ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[པདྨ་དགའ་ཚལ་རྫོང་ཁག]]
|- bgcolor=&quot;#FFEEC2&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|   ||align=&quot;center&quot;|   ||align=&quot;center&quot;|   ||align=&quot;center&quot;| [[བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག]]
|}

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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 268 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q5611452]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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[[File:Flag of Colombia.svg|thumb|200px]]

[[File:COL orthographic (San Andrés and Providencia special).svg]]


[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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ཡ་མཚན་ཅན་གྱི་ མགར་ས་བཀྲིས་མཐོང་སྨོན་རྫོང་འདི་ མགར་ས་ རྫོང་ཁག་གི་བདག་སྐྱོང་གི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་ས་ཨིནམ་དང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ དགོན་ཁ་སྟོད་དང་ ཁ་སྨད་ཟེར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ས་གནས་དེ་ཁ་གི་ [[མི་ཚུ་གིས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་]] སའི་ཆགས་ཚུལ་དེ་ ཚེ་རིང་མོའི་བཟོ་དབྱིབས་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ [[བཀྲིས་མཐོང་སྨོན་རྫོང་འདི་]] དེའི་བྱང་ཁོག་གུ་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ཟེར་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་མས།

གཏམ་རྒྱུད་དང་འཁྲིལཝ་ད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༡༦ ལུ་ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ [[ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་]] འབྲུག་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མགར་ས་གི་གནས་བདག་གིས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ལུ་ ཕེབས་སུ་ཞུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྩ་རི་ སྐྱིད་བུ་ཐང་ལུ་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེའི་སྐབས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གིས་ གནས་བདག་འདི་ལུ་དབང་གནང་སྟེ་ བཀྲིས་མཐོང་སྨོན་ཟེར་ [[མིང་གསརཔ་བཏགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་]] དེ་ལས་རྟ་དྲངས་ཏེ་ རྫོང་འདི་གི་མིང་ལུ་ཡང་ བཀྲིས་མཐོང་སྨོན་རྫོང་ཟེར་བཏགས་གནང་ནུག། མ་གཞི་ མགར་ས་རྫོང་འདི་ ནམ་བཞེངས་བཞེངསམ་ཨིན་ན་ ཏན་ཏན་ཅིག་ག་གི་ཡང་མ་ཤེས་དེ་འབད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་རབས་མཁས་པ་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་གིས་ རྫོང་འདི་ [[ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་]] སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༤༨ ལུ་ ཕྱིའི་དགྲ་བྱང་ཕྱད་ཚུ་ལས་ [[སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་]] བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་མས།

མགར་ས་རྫོང་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་རྫོང་གཞི་གཞན་ཚུ་དང་མ་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ རྫོང་དེའི་ཕྱོགས་སོ་སོ་ལུ་ དབྱིབས་ ཐེ་སྒོར་སྒོར་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་ ལྟ་རྫོང་གསུམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ [[ཐོག་ཚད་གསུམ་འབད་མི་]] དབུ་རྩེ་དེ་ ཧེ་མ་དུས་རབས་ ༡༣ པའི་ནང་ བོད་ཀྱི་གྲུབ་ཐོབ་ གཏེར་ཁུངས་པ་གིས་ མཚམས་གཅད་ཡོད་པའི་བྱག་ཕུག་དེ་འཕྲང་སྟེ་ བཀལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།

གཞུང་དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་ [[སྒྲ་པའི་སློབ་དཔོན་གྱི་དབུ་བཞུགས་མཛད་དེ་]] དགེ་སློང་ཚུ་གིས་ ལོ་ལྟར་བཞིན་དུ་ ཟླཝ་བཅུ་པའི་ནང་ གནས་བདག་གཞི་བདག་ཚུ་ལུ་གསོལ་ཁ་ཕུལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མགར་ས་ལུ་བྱོན་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ དཔལ་ཡེ་ཤེས་མགོན་པོ་མཆོག་ལུ་གུས་བསྟུད་ཞུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཚེས་ཉེར་དགུ་ལུ་ ཡེ་ཤེསམགོན་པོའི་གསོལ་ཁ་ཚུ་ཡང་ གནང་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

ཧེ་མ་དུས་རབས་ བཅུ་གསུམ་པའི་ནང་ གཏེར་ཁུངས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བོན་གྱི་བླམ་མཁས་པ་གཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། [[ནམ་ཅིག་གི་ཚེ་]] སྒྲུབ་རྟགས་ཚུ་སྟོན་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བོན་གྱི་བླམ་མཁས་པ་དེ་གིས་ བྱག་དེ་གུ་ལས་ཡར་འཇམ་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གཏེར་ཁུངས་པ་ཡང་ དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་མཛད་ཤུལ་བཟང་པོ་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ [[ཐུགས་ལུ་རངས་དང་ཡིད་ཆེ་སྦོམ་སྦེ་རང་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་]] བོན་གྱི་བླམ་དེ་ལུ་ གུས་ཞབས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།

ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་ བོན་གྱི་བླམ་དེ་ལུ་ གུས་བསྟུད་ཞུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ དཔལ་ཡེ་ཤེས་མགོན་པོ་ལུ་ གསོལ་མཆོད་ཚུ་ཕུལ་བའི་སྐབས་ བོན་གྱི་བླམ་གཅིག་གིས་ཡང་ ཁོ་རའི་ཆོས་ཕྱོགས་མཛད་སྒོའི་ན་བཟའ་ཆ་ཚང་བཞེས་དེ་ [[འདི་ནང་ལུ་]] བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། མགར་ས་ ཚེས་བཅུ་དེ་ ལོ་ལྟར་བཞིན་དུ་ ཐིབ་ཕུག་ཚེས་བཅུ་དང་ འདྲན་འདྲ་སྦེ་གནང་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ [[ཚེས་བཅུ་ཉིནམ་དང་པམ་དེ་]] ཕུག་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ལུ་སྦེ་གནང་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨན་མས།

{{stub}}


[[Category:མགར་ས་རྫོང་ཁག]]
[[Category:རྫོང]]</text>
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      <comment>moved [[མགར་ས་ བཀྲིས་མཐོང་སྨོན་རྫོང་]] to [[མགར་ས་ བཀྲིས་མཐོང་སྨོན་རྫོང་།]] over redirect</comment>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8481427]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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'''མེཀསི་ཀོ་'''

----
* [[མེཀསི་ཀོ་]]

{{stub}}

[[Category:མེཀ་སི་ཀོ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:User dz-1</title>
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    <revision>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8111852]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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| style=&quot;width:45px;height:45px;background:#C0C8FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt&quot; | '''[[རྫོང་ཁ་|dz]]-1'''
| style=&quot;font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em&quot; | This user is able to contribute with a '''[[:Category:User dz-1|basic]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User dz|Dzongkha]]'''.[[Category:User dz|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User dz-1|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;/&gt;
* [[Template:User dz-0|dz-0]], '''dz-1''', [[Template:User dz-2|dz-2]], [[Template:User dz-3|dz-3]], [[Template:User dz-4|dz-4]], [[Template:User dz-5|dz-5]]
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[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི|dz-1]]
[[Category:User dz-1|*]]
[[Category:User dz|*]]


&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6397228]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3029</id>
    <revision>
      <id>24556</id>
      <parentid>18932</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-25T13:40:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3332</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8111814]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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| style=&quot;width:45px;height:45px;background:#77e0e8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt&quot; | '''[[རྫོང་ཁ་|dz]]-2'''
| style=&quot;font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em&quot; | This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User dz-2|intermediate]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User dz|Dzongkha]]'''.[[Category:User dz|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User dz-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;/&gt;
* [[Template:User dz-0|dz-0]], [[Template:User dz-1|dz-1]], '''dz-2''', [[Template:User dz-3|dz-3]], [[Template:User dz-4|dz-4]], [[Template:User dz-5|dz-5]]
* [[Template:User dz|dz-N]]


[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི|dz-2]]
[[Category:User dz-2|*]]
[[Category:User dz|*]]


&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>3332</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8111769]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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| style=&quot;width:45px;height:45px;background:#99b3ff;text-align:center;font-size:14pt&quot; | '''[[རྫོང་ཁ་|dz]]-3'''
| style=&quot;font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em&quot; | This user is able to contribute with an '''[[:Category:User dz-3|advanced]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User dz|Dzongkha]]'''.[[Category:User dz|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User dz-3|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;/&gt;
* [[Template:User dz-0|dz-0]], [[Template:User dz-1|dz-1]], [[Template:User dz-2|dz-2]], '''dz-3''', [[Template:User dz-4|dz-4]], [[Template:User dz-5|dz-5]]
* [[Template:User dz|dz-N]]


[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི|dz-3]]
[[Category:User dz-3|*]]
[[Category:User dz|*]]


&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
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    <ns>10</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>24548</id>
      <parentid>18934</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-24T19:00:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>3332</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8111723]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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| style=&quot;width:45px;height:45px;background:#ffcf4d;text-align:center;font-size:14pt&quot; | '''[[རྫོང་ཁ་|dz]]-4'''
| style=&quot;font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em&quot; | This user is able to contribute with a '''[[:Category:User dz-4|near-native]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User dz|Dzongkha]]'''.[[Category:User dz|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User dz-4|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;/&gt;
* [[Template:User dz-0|dz-0]], [[Template:User dz-1|dz-1]], [[Template:User dz-2|dz-2]], [[Template:User dz-3|dz-3]], '''dz-4''', [[Template:User dz-5|dz-5]]
* [[Template:User dz|dz-N]]


[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི|dz-4]]
[[Category:User dz-4|*]]
[[Category:User dz|*]]


&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
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    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3032</id>
    <revision>
      <id>24550</id>
      <parentid>18935</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-24T19:01:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>3332</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8111689]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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| style=&quot;width:45px;height:45px;background:#f99c99;text-align:center;font-size:14pt&quot; | '''[[རྫོང་ཁ་|dz]]-5'''
| style=&quot;font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em&quot; | This user is able to contribute with a '''[[:Category:User dz-5|professional]]''' level of '''[[:Category:User dz|Dzongkha]]'''.[[Category:User dz|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User dz-5|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;/&gt;
* [[Template:User dz-0|dz-0]], [[Template:User dz-1|dz-1]], [[Template:User dz-2|dz-2]], [[Template:User dz-3|dz-3]], [[Template:User dz-4|dz-4]], '''dz-5'''
* [[Template:User dz|dz-N]]


[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི|dz-5]]
[[Category:User dz-5|*]]
[[Category:User dz|*]]


&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 4 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8111668]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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| style=&quot;width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt&quot; | '''[[རྫོང་ཁ་|dz]]'''
| style=&quot;font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em&quot; | This user is a '''[[:Category:User dz-N|native]]''' speaker of '''[[:Category:User dz|Dzongkha]]'''.[[Category:User dz|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User dz-N|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|}&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot;/&gt;
* [[Template:User dz-0|dz-0]], [[Template:User dz-1|dz-1]], [[Template:User dz-2|dz-2]], [[Template:User dz-3|dz-3]], [[Template:User dz-4|dz-4]], [[Template:User dz-5|dz-5]]
* '''dz-N'''


[[Category:ཊེམ་པེལེཊི|dz-N]]
[[Category:User dz-N|*]]
[[Category:User dz|*]]


&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q8890828]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <contributor>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9698714]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3332</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9698744]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3332</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 3 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6397247]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3332</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q9699563]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <comment>Bot: Migrating 2 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikidata]] on [[:d:Q4587662]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="64" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱས་བཤད]]</text>
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      <comment>Impro moved page [[རྗེ་བརྒྱུད་པདྨ]] to [[རྗེ་བརྩུན་པདྨ]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="941" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- 

{{About|the fiancée of the King of Bhutan|the sister of Dalai Lama|Jetsun Pema}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}}
{{Infobox person
| name        = Jetsun Pema
| image       = 20110506-IMG 2120.jpg
| alt         = 
| caption     = 
| birth_name  = Jetsun Pema
| birth_date  = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|6|4}}
| birth_place = [[Thimphu]], Bhutan
| death_date  = 
| death_place = 
| nationality = [[Bhutanese]]
| other_names = 
| known_for   = Engagement to [[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]]
| occupation  = 
}}

--&gt;
[[File:Dragon Queen of Bhutan (cropped).jpg|thumb|རྗེ་བརྩུན་པདྨ]]
མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཙུན'རྗེ་བརྩུན་པདྨ'དབང་ཕྱུག   [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]

{{translate}}
{{stub}}

[[Category:མི་མང་ : འབྲུག་མི]]</text>
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        <id>5847</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/190.237.122.40|190.237.122.40]] ([[User talk:190.237.122.40|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:XXBlackburnXx|XXBlackburnXx]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="848" xml:space="preserve">'''༢༠༡༡''' (''2011'')
== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==

&lt;center&gt;[[༢༠༠༡]] [[༢༠༠༢]] [[༢༠༠༣]] [[༢༠༠༤]] [[༢༠༠༥]] [[༢༠༠༦]] [[༢༠༠༧]] [[༢༠༠༨]] [[༢༠༠༩]] [[༢༠༡༠]] '''༢༠༡༡''' [[༢༠༡༢]] [[༢༠༡༣]] [[༢༠༡༤]] [[༢༠༡༥]] [[༢༠༡༦]] [[༢༠༡༧]] [[༢༠༡༨]] [[༢༠༡༩]] [[༢༠༢༠]] [[༢༠༢༡]] &lt;/center&gt;
{{translate}}{{stub}}

[[Category:ལོ་གྲངས]]</text>
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      <id>27716</id>
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      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:46:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2231" xml:space="preserve">རང་གི་གསལ་བ་ལ་རྗེས་སུ་འགྲོ་བའི་ཆོས་དེ་སྤྱིའི་མཚན་ཉིད། མཚན་གཞི་ནི། ཤེས་བྱ་དང། དངོས་པོ་ལྟ་བུའོ། དཔེར་ན། ཤེས་བྱ་སྤྱི་ཡིན་ཏེ་རང་གི་གསལ་བ་སྟེ་རང་གི་བྱེ་བྲག་དངོས་པོ་དང་རྟག་པ་སོགས་ལ་རྗེས་སུ་འགྲོ་བའི་ཆོས་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིར། སྤྱི་ལ་སྒྲས་བརྗོད་རིགས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་དབྱེ་ན། ཚོགས་སྤྱི་རིགས་སྤྱི་དོན་སྤྱི་གསུམ་ཡོད། ཁྱབ་བྱེད་དུ་འཇུག་པའི་རང་གི་རིགས་ཡོད་པ་ཅན་གྱི་ཆོས་དེ་བྱེ་བྲག་གི་མཚན་ཉིད། མཚན་གཞི་ནི། ཤེས་པ་དང། ཀ་བུམ་གཉིས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལྟ་བུའོ། དཔེར་ན། ཤེས་པ་བྱེ་བྲག་ཡིན་ཏེ།  དངོས་པོ་དེ་ཤེས་པ་རང་གི་ཁྱབ་བྱེད་དུ་ཡོད་པའི་ཤེས་པ་རང་གི་རིགས་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིར། དངོས་པོ་དེ་ཤེས་པའི་ཁྱབ་བྱེད་ཡིན་ལ་ཤེས་པ་དེ་དངོས་པོའི་ཁྱབ་བྱ་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིར།  གཞན་ཡང་སྤྱི་བྱེ་བྲག་འགྲོ་ཚུལ་གྱི་རྟགས་གསུམ་བརྩི་ཚུལཡོད་པ་སོགས་གཞུང་དངོས་ལས་ཤེས་པར་བྱའོ།&lt;br /&gt;
༼[[དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]༽ལས་བཏུས།  &lt;br /&gt;

{{translate}}


[[Category:དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="336" xml:space="preserve">གསལ་བྱེད་    མཛེས་བྱེད་   རང་བཞིན་གྱི་རྒྱན།&lt;br /&gt;
༼[[དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]༽ལས་བཏུས།&lt;br /&gt;

{{translate}}

[[Category:དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]</text>
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    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>27715</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="446" xml:space="preserve">དགོན་པའི་ནང་གྲྭ་མང་རྣམས་ཀྱི་འཚོ་བའི་སྐོར་ལ་འགན་ཁུར་མཁན་གྱི་སྤྱི་སོ་དང་གཉེར་པ།
༼[[དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]༽ལས་བཏུས།&lt;br /&gt;

{{translate}}

[[Category:དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="362" xml:space="preserve">སྤྱི་པའི་འཐུས་མི་དྲག་པ་རེ་འདེམས་བསྐོ་བྱེད་དགོས་པ།
༼[[དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]༽ལས་བཏུས།&lt;br /&gt;

{{translate}}

[[Category:དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>དཔལ་འཁོར་བཙན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3136</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27726</id>
      <parentid>27686</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Ruslik0|Ruslik0]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6066" xml:space="preserve">ཡབ་གནམ་ལྡེ་འོད་སྲུངས་དང་ཡུམ་ཅོག་རོ་བཟའ་རྒྱལ་མོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་སུ་བོད་ཤིང་བྱ་༩༢༥ལོར་ཡར་ལུང་འཕང་ཐང་དུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཞེས་དང་།  བོད་ཆུ་གླང་（༨༩༣མམ་༩༥༣བཞེད་ཚུལ་མི་གཅིག་）ལོར་འཁྲུངས་སོགས་གསུངས་ཚུལ་མི་འདྲ་བ་མཆིས་།  འདི་ཉིད་དགུང་ལོ་བཅུ་གསུམ་ལ་ཕེབས་སྐབས་ཡབ་འོད་སྲུངས་གཤེགས་པས་གཙང་གི་གྲོམ་པ་ལྷ་རྩེར་གཤེགས་རྫོང་ཆོས་འཁོར་རྒྱ་ཆེར་བསྐོར་པ་དང་དུས་མཚུངས་རྒྱལ་རྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལ་འཁོད་།  བློན་པོ་འབྲོ་ཙུག་སྒྲ་ལྷ་སྣང་དང་།  ཅང་འ་ཕོ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་བྱས་།  དགུང་ལོ་བཅུ་དྲུག་པར་ཡབ་མེས་ཀྱི་བང་སོ་ལ་ཐིགས་ཚགས་བྱས་ནས་ཆུང་ཁུང་ཤུར་ཁ་བཙུགས་ལེ་ནས་སྒྲོལ་ཕུའི་སྨན་ལུང་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་བརྒྱད་བཞེངས་། གསུང་རབ་དང་བྲིས་སྐུ་ལ་སོགས་པ་བྱས།  མེས་ཀྱི་སྤྱོད་པ་ལ་དམད་ཅིང་།  ཆོས་ལ་གུས་པ་ཞིག་བྱུང་།  འདི་ཉིད་དགུང་ལོ་ཉེར་དྲུག་ལ་ཕེབས་སྐབས་བོད་དུ་རབ་བྱུང་སོགས་ལས་ཀྱི་ཆོ་ག་དང་།  ཀློག་པ་ཐོས་བསམ་གྱི་འགོ་ཚུགས་པས་བསྟན་པ་ཕྱི་དར་དབུ་བརྙེས་།  སྐུ་ཚེའི་སྨད་དུ་གཙང་དུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་གྲོམ་པ་ལྷ་རྩེའི་བྲག་ལ་ཕོ་བྲང་མཛད་ནས་བཞུགས་།  མཐར་དགུང་ལོ་སོ།གཅིག་པར་གྲོམ་ལྷ་རྩེར་སྟག་རྩེ་སྙགས་ཀྱིས་བཀྲོངས་།  དེ་ཡང་།  མངའ་བདག་དཔལ་འཁོར་སྟག་རྩེ་སྙགས་ཀྱིས་བཀྲོངས་།  རྒྱུ་མཚན་སྙགས་ཕྱེད་གཙང་དུ་བཤུགས་པར་བྱས་པ་དང་།  གཙང་གི་འབྲི་ཕྱིད་མར་ཡར་ལུང་དུ་དབབ་པར་བྱས་པས་སོ་ཞེས་《མཁས་པ་ལྡེའུའི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་》ནང་གསལ་།  དཔལ་འཁོར་བཙན་གྱིས་བཙུན་མོ་གཉིས་ཁབ་ཏུ་བཞེས་པར་ཆུན་མ་ མཆིམས་བཟའ་བཙུན་ནེ་ལ་གཅེན་ཁྲི་བཀྲ་ཤིས་བརྩེགས་པ་དཔལ་དང་།  ཆེན་མ་སྣ་ནམ་བཟའ་ལེགས་བཙུན་ལ་གཅུང་སྐྱིད་ལྡེ་ཉི་་མ་མགོན་གཉིས་འཁྲུངས་སོ་། 
དཔལ་གྱི་ཆས་བརྒྱད།  ༡、གཟི་བརྗིད་འབར་བ་ཆུ་སྲིན་བརྗིད་པའི་ཆས།  ༢、ཐབས་དང་ཤེས་རབ་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་ཉི་ཟླའི་ཆས་ ༣、གདུག་པ་ཅན་བསྲེག་ཡེ་ཤེས་མེའི་ཆས། ༤、སྐྱེ་ཤི་རྩད་གཅོད་མཆེ་བ་ཟླ་ཚེས་ཆས། ༥、ཁྱབ་མཛད་རེ་བསྐོང་རྡོ་རྗེའི་གཤེགས་པའི་ཆས། ༦、མངའ་ཐང་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་སླག་པའི་ཆས།  ༧、སངས་རྒྱས་སར་བགྲོད་དབང་གི་བསེ་ཁྲབ་ཆས་ ༨、གནོད་གདུག་བཟློག་བྱེད་རྒྱ་བྱེའུ་ལྕགས་ཀྱི་ཆས་ཞེས་པའམ། ཡང་ན། ༡、དབུ་སྐྲ་གྱེན་བརྫེས་འཁོར་བ་རུ་བཟློག་ཆས། ༢、རྡོ་རྗེ་ཁྱུང་གཁོག་ཐབས་དང་ཤེས་རབ་ཆས། ༣、མཐིང་ནག་ཅོད་པན་དཔའ་རྟགས་ཟིལ་གནོན་ཆས།  ༤、སྤྱི་གཙུག་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལྷག་པ་རིག་པའི་ཆས། ༥、དབང་གི་བསེ་ཁྲབ་གཟི་འབར་བགྲོད་པའི་ཆས།  ༦、གཉིས་མེད་སྦྱོར་བ་ཤེས་རབ་ཡུམ་གྱི་ཆས།  ༧、གནོད་གདུག་བཟློག་བྱེད་རྒྱ་བྱེའུ་ལྕགས་ཀྱི་ཆས།  ༨、ཉོན་མོངས་ཅན་བསྲེག་རྡོ་རྗེ་མེ་ཡི་ཆས།  དེ་རྣམས་དཔལ་གྱི་སྐུ་ལ་ཡེ་ནས་རྫོགས།&lt;br /&gt;
༼[[དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]༽ལས་བཏུས།&lt;br /&gt;

{{translate}}

[[Category:དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]</text>
      <sha1>23pvcawam3x8vknf774wvhf615uiezq</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>དཔལ་གྱི་ཆས་བཅུ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3137</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27756</id>
      <parentid>27654</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:48:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1170" xml:space="preserve">རྒྱ་བྱིའུ་ཆེན་པོ་ལྕགས་ཀྱི་ཆས་དང།  བསེ་ཁྲབ་དབང་གི་ཆས།  གཅན་གཟན་གཟིག་གི་ཆས།  སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་རྡོ་རྗེའི་ཆས།  གདུག་པ་སྤྲུལ་གྱི་ཆས།  དཔའ་བོ་སྟག་གི་ཆས།  གཟི་མདངས་ཞིང་ལྤགས་ཀྱི་ཆས།  དམར་གསལ་ཁྲག་གི་ཆས།  རྩལ་ཆེན་སེང་གིའི་ཆས།  གཏུམ་པ་དོམ་གྱི་ཆས་ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ།  དེ་ལྟར་སྒྱུ་འཕྲུལ་རྔམ་གློག་ལྟར་ན་དཔལ་གྱི་ཆས་བརྒྱད།  བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ལྟར་ན།  དཔལ་གྱི་ཆས་བཅུའོ། །&lt;br /&gt;
༼[[དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]༽ལས་བཏུས།&lt;br /&gt;

{{translate}}

[[Category:དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>དཔལ་གྱི་དེའུའི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་</title>
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      <id>27730</id>
      <parentid>27682</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="516" xml:space="preserve">（ཡར་འབྲོག་དཔལ་དེའི་གྲོང་ཚོ་）དེང་སང་བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས་ཁོངས་སྣ་དཀར་རྩེ་རྫོང་དཔལ་དེའི་ཆུས་ཡོད་ས། །&lt;br /&gt;
༼[[དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]༽ལས་བཏུས།&lt;br /&gt;

{{stub}}
{{translate}}

[[Category:དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]</text>
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      <parentid>28812</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ladsgroup</username>
        <id>3602</id>
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      <comment>Reverting botnet vandalism attack ([[phab:T302047]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="482" xml:space="preserve">ཤར་དུ་ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྲུང་།  ལྷོར་འཕགས་སྐྱེས་པོ།  ནུབ་དུ་སྤྱན་མི་བཟང། བྱང་དུ་རྣམ་ཐོས་སྲས་སོ། །&lt;br /&gt;
༼[[དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]༽ལས་བཏུས།&lt;br /&gt;

{{stub}}
{{translate}}

[[Category:དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ཕ་ཝ་དེ་སེ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3140</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27736</id>
      <parentid>27676</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Ruslik0|Ruslik0]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="2170" xml:space="preserve">ཡབ་སྨད་ཀྱི་ལྡེ་གསུམ་གྱི་ཡ་གྱལ་འདོ་ལྡེ་ལ་སྲས་བཞི་བྱུང་བའི་བགྲེས་པ། འདི་དང་གཅུང་ཁྲི་ཆུང་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་སྔར་ཡུམ་བརྟན་རྒྱུད་ལ་ཤོར་བའི་ནོར་སྣ་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་དགུ་ཞེས་པ་སྡེ། ཕས་ཕོག་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ཆུ་དར་ཅན། གུད་པ་བང་སོ་ཅན། གསེར་སྐུ་ཆུ་རིས་ཅན་གསུམ་དང་། མས་ཕོག་པའི་ཟངས་ལྟེ་བ་ཅན། དངུལ་སྐྱོགས་ཤ་བ་ཅན། མེ་ཏོར་ཏི་ལིག་ཅན་གསུམ། སྤུན་ཟླས་ཕོག་པའི་མཚོན་བཤན་ཐུང་སྡེ་མིག་ཅན། སྲིང་མོས་རྟགས་ཕོག་པའི་མཆུར་གཡུ་འཆང་བ་ཅན། སྲིང་མོས་རྟགས་ཕོག་པའི་མཆུར་གཡུ་འཆང་བ་ཅན། བེར་དམར་ཀེ་ཚེ་བྱི་སྐེད་ཅན་བཅས་ཅན་དགུ་ཚུར་བླངས་ནས་ཕ་ཝ་དེ་སེར་དངུལ་གཞོང་ཕོར་ཁ་ཅན(ལ་ལས་དངུལ་སྐྱོགས་ཤ་བ་ཅན་དུ་བཞེད)ཐོབ་སྟེ་གཙང་དུ་ཕྱིར་ཕེབས། ཕ་ཝ་དེ་སེའི་རྒྱུད་པས་སྣུབས་ཡུལ་རོང་དང་། གཡག་སྡེ། ཉང་སྟོད། སྟག་ཚལ་བཅས་ཀྱི་ཡུལ་རྣམས་ལ་མངའ་མཛད་དོ། །&lt;br /&gt;
༼[[དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]༽ལས་བཏུས།  &lt;br /&gt;

{{translate}}
{{stub}}

[[Category:དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1575" xml:space="preserve">སངས་རྒྱས་ལུགས་ཀྱི་གསང་སྔགས་གཞུང་ནས་བཤད་པའི་སྲུང་མ་བདུན་ཅུ་རྩ་གཉིས་སྟེ།  ལྷ་ཆེན་པོ་བརྒྱད།  ཀླུ་ཆེན་པོ་བརྒྱད།  གཟའ་ཆེན་པོ་བརྒྱད།  རྒྱུ་སྐར་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་བརྒྱད།  ཕྱོགས་སྐྱང་བཅུ།  རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ་བཞི།  འཇིགས་བྱེད་ཆེན་པོ་དགུ་སྟེ་དཔལ་མགོན་བདུན་ཅུ་རྩ་ལྔ་ཡོད་ཀྱང་།  《ཆོས་འབྱུང་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན་》ནང་དུ་དཔལ་མགོན་བདུན་ཅུ་རྩ་གཉིས་ཞེས་གསལ་འདུག་པ་གང་ཡིན་བརྟག་དགོས་ཤིང་།  གོང་གསལ་དེ་དག་སོ་སོའི་གྲངས་འདྲེན་ནི་《གསུང་རབ་རྣམས་ལས་བཤད་པའི་གྲངས་འདདེན་》ཞེས་པ་ཟུར་དུ་ཡོད་པ་དེར་གཟིགས་པར་ཞུ། །&lt;br /&gt;
༼[[དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]༽ལས་བཏུས།&lt;br /&gt;

{{stub}}
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[[Category:དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]</text>
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      <id>27725</id>
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      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="965" xml:space="preserve">(རྒ་ལོ་ཙྰ་བ་གཞོན་ནུ་དཔལ)གུང་ཐང་བླ་མ་ཞང་དང་དུས་མཉམ་པ་ཁོང་གི་རྣམ་ཐར་ལས་བཤད། འཁྲུངས་ཡུལ་ཁམས་ལྡན་མ་ནས་ཡིན།  ལོ་རྒྱུས་རྒྱས་ན་ཇོ་ནང་ཏྰ་ར་ནྰ་ཐས་མཛད་པའི་《འཇམ་དཔལ་གཤིན་རྗེ་གཤེད་ཀྱི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་》དང།   《ཆོས་འབྱུང་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན་》ལེ་ཚན་【ཏ】པའི་ཤོག་གྲངས་༡༢པར་གསལ། །&lt;br /&gt;
༼[[དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]༽ལས་བཏུས།&lt;br /&gt;

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{{translate}}

[[Category:དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]</text>
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    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3143</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27729</id>
      <parentid>27683</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="324" xml:space="preserve">གོང་དུ་དཔལ་རྒ་ལོ་ཞེས་པར་གཟིགས། །&lt;br /&gt;
༼[[དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]༽ལས་བཏུས།&lt;br /&gt;

{{stub}}
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[[Category:དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]</text>
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    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>27735</id>
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      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="205" xml:space="preserve">༼དམ་པའི་གསུང་རབ་༽མུ་མཐུད་དུ ་འགོད་རྒྱུ་ཡིན།

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[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
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    <title>ལྀཨིལ ཌཨུཥ</title>
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      <timestamp>2013-03-07T17:17:24Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 102 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q23880]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="244" xml:space="preserve">[[File:LilaDownsOaxaca.jpg|300px|thumb|right|ལྀཨིལ ཌཨུཥ ]]

'''ལྀཨིལ ཌཨུཥ ''' - (Lila Downs) ༁༉༆༈ ན [[གའཀར།]] [[མེཀསི་ཀོ་]]། 

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[[Category:མི་མང་]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2020-09-22T08:01:45Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Undo revision 28267 by [[Special:Contributions/24.89.53.148|24.89.53.148]] ([[User talk:24.89.53.148|talk]])-</comment>
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[[File:New Zealand vs South Africa 2006 Tri Nations Line Out.JPG|thumb|]]
'''Rugby''' is an english sport. It is named after the Rugby School in the [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ]].


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[[Category:རྩེད་རིགས]]</text>
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ལག་ལེན་པ means User	 
བོད་ཡིག means Language	 
--&gt;

[[Category:ལག་ལེན་པ]]
[[Category:བོད་ཡིག]]</text>
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  <page>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 131 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q6097]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="195" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Teestrauch Detail.jpg|left|thumbnail|ཇ་ཤིང]]
[[File:Tea leaves steeping in a zhong čaj 05.jpg|thumbnail]]
[[File:Tea bags.jpg|thumbnail|ཇ་ཐུན]]

[[Category:ལྟོ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1056" xml:space="preserve">ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ་ནི་ལྟ་སྐོར་བྱེད་བཞིན་གནས་དང་གནས་རྒྱུད་ནས་སྐྱོད་པར་གོ་བར་སྙམ། དབྱིན་ཇིར་  Tourism ཟེར

ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ་བ་ནི་ལྗོངས་རྒྱུར་བྱེད་མཁན་ལ་གོ་  དབྱིན་ཇིའི་སྐད་དུ Traveller ཡང་ན་  Tourist

རྐང་འགྲུལ་ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ་ནི་རྐང་ཐང་དུ་སྐྱོད་པའི་ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ་བར་གོ། དབྱིན་ཇིའི་སྐད་དུ Trekker 

དེ་བཞིན་རྐང་འགྲུལ་ནི་རྐང་ཐང་དུ་བགྲོད་པའི་བྱ་བར་གོ་དགོས་ན་དབྱིན་ཇིའི་སྐད་དུ་ཡང་Trek དང་ Hike ལ་གོའོ།

[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>འཇར་པན།</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>27399</id>
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      <timestamp>2018-12-22T08:50:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ruslik0</username>
        <id>2089</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded again|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded again]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded again|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="810" xml:space="preserve">འདི་ལ་ཉི་ཧོང་ཡང་ཟེར། དབྱིན་ཇིའི་སྐད་དུ་ Japan    [[ཇ་པཱན]]
 
== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==


----
* [[ཇ་པཱན]]


[[Category:ཇཱ་པཱན]]</text>
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    <ns>0</ns>
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        <ip>119.2.118.119</ip>
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      <comment>/* ལོ་རྒྱུསའཆག་ཚུལ། */</comment>
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      <text bytes="862" xml:space="preserve">གཞལ་ལམ་སྒང་ནི་འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཡིན་[[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་|འབྲུག་ཡུ]]
*

== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལོ་རྒྱུསའཆག་ཚུལ། ==

== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ཡུལ་ཚོ། ==
==མིང་ཐོགས་ཚུལ།==
== དུས་ཆེན། ==
== མི་སྣ། ==

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==
&lt;center&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;


&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;/center&gt;
== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==
== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==


[[Category:འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Addbot|Addbot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="156" xml:space="preserve">'''ལོངས་སྐུ''' - Sambhogakaya, one of the three manifested bodies of the Buddha.

{{translate}}

[[Category:བཀའ་བརྒྱུད]]</text>
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      <comment>Impro moved page [[མེཀསི་ཀོ་]] to [[མེཀ་སི་ཀོ]]</comment>
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</text>
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    <id>3384</id>
    <revision>
      <id>24358</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
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      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 141 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1411384]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
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      <timestamp>2013-01-08T03:26:02Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]&quot;</comment>
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    <title>འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་ཕྲིན་ལས།</title>
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      <text bytes="3327" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jigme Thinley (cropped).jpg|thumb|འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་ཕྲིན་ལས།]]
''' བློན་པོ་ འཇིགས་མེད་ འོད་ཟེར་ཕྲིན་ལས། '''

མི་རྗེ་ བློན་པོ་ མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ [[༡༩༥༢]] ལུ་ བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཀ་ལིམ་པོང་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ ཌི་ཨར་ ག་ར་ཧམསི་ ཧོམསི་ ནང་ལས་སྐུ་ཡོན་སྦྱང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཏེ་ སེནཏ་ ཨིསི་ཊེ་ཕེནི་་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལས་ མཐོ་རིམ་སྐུ་ཡོན་ མཐར་འཁྱོལ་གནང་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཡུ་ཨེསི་ཨེ་ གི་ པེན་ ཨིསི་ཊེཊ་ གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ་ནང་ལས་ མི་མང་བདག་སྐྱོང་ནང་ གཙུག་ལག་མཐོ་རིམ་སྐུ་ཡོན་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གཞི་གཡོག་ནང་འགོ་དང་པ་ ༡༩༧༤ ལུ་ འཛུལ་བཞུགས་གནང་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ མི་ལོ་ ༣༤ གི་རིང་ལུ་ ལྷན་ཁག་དང་ལས་ཁུངས་ ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ནང་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་ནུག། བློན་པོ་མཆོག་ རྒྱལ་གཞུང་གཞི་གཡོག་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འགོ་དཔོན་དང་ ཤེས་རིག་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་ མདོ་ཆེན་ ནིའུ་ཡོཀ་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ནང་ འབྲུག་གི་སྐུ་ཚབ་ ཨིནམ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༧ ལུ་ མི་རྗེ་བློན་པོ་མཆོག་ལུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ བུ་རས་ དམརཔོ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ༡༩༩༤ ལུ་ ཇེ་ནི་བ་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་གཏན་རྒྱགས་ཀྱི་ སྐུ་ཚབ་སྦེ་བཀོད་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༨ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཆེན་མོ་ནང་ལས་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་བློན་པོ་སྦེ་བཙག་འཐུ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ ལུ་ བློན་པོ་མཆོག་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ འབྲུག་ཐུགས་སྲས་དང་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གྱི་རྟགས་མ་གནང་ནུག།


* [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]

{{stub}}

[[Category:བློན་པོ་]]</text>
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    <title>ཇཱར་མ་ནི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3393</id>
    <redirect title="ཇཱར་མ་ནི" />
    <revision>
      <id>23530</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T04:33:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཇཱར་མ་ནི་]] to [[ཇཱར་མ་ནི]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཇཱར་མ་ནི]]
</text>
      <sha1>jczts7mqlbtnc949uba96re4mrxw2y7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>གྷེ་བྷོན</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3394</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28193</id>
      <parentid>28191</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-04-05T23:33:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>-</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="244" xml:space="preserve">རྒྱལ་ཁབ ''' གྷེ་བྷོན། '''
[[image:Flag of Gabon.svg|100px]]
[[image:Coat of arms of Gabon.svg|100px]]

རྒྱལ་ས [[ལི་བྷྲ་བིལ]] ''(Libreville)''།

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>3eghfm2pe9x7f5eotlwdtt5emxlquzb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>གྷེམ་བི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3395</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25079</id>
      <parentid>24361</parentid>
      <timestamp>2014-05-06T14:37:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>74</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>The file [[:Image:Coat_of_Arms_of_The_Gambia.svg]] has been replaced by [[:Image:Coat_of_arms_of_The_Gambia.svg]] by administrator [[:commons:User:Marcus Cyron]]: ''[[commons:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[commons:COM:FR#reasons|File renaming criterion #6]]:...</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="271" xml:space="preserve">རྒྱལ་ཁབ ''' གྷེམ་བི་ཡ། '''
[[image:Flag of The Gambia.svg|100px]]
[[image:Coat_of_arms_of_The_Gambia.svg|100px]]

རྒྱལ་ས [[བྷཱན་ཇུལ]] ''(Banjul)''།

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]

&lt;!--Other languages--&gt;</text>
      <sha1>j0543onr4vau6hz28sfbs23abh7z2rr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཇཽ་ཇཱ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3396</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27967</id>
      <parentid>27347</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-11-10T09:48:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Gerd Eichmann</username>
        <id>6344</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Gallery added</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="746" xml:space="preserve">རྒྱལ་ཁབ ''' ཇཽ་ཇཱ། '''
[[File:Flag of Georgia.svg|right|100px]]
[[File:Greater coat of arms of Georgia.svg|right|100px]]
[[File:Georgia (orthographic--projection).svg|right|300px]]
རྒྱལ་ས [[ཊི་བི་ལི་སི]] ''(Tbilisi)''།
&lt;br&gt;&lt;gallery caption=&quot;ཇཽ་ཇཱ&quot;&gt;
Tbilisi-Sameba-Kathedrale-06-Kuppel-2019-gje.jpg|Tbilisi
Mtskheta-Svetitskhoveli-Kirche-16-Mauer-2019-gje.jpg|Mtskheta
Stepantsminda-Dreifaltigkeits-Kirche-18-Glockenturm-2019-gje.jpg|Stepantsminda
Bodbe-26-neue Kirche-innen-2019-gje.jpg|Bodbe
Ananuri-Mariae-Himmelfahrt-Kirche-08-Suedfassade-2019-gje.jpg|Ananuri
Sighnaghi-St Georg-14-2019-gje.jpg|Sighnaghi
&lt;/gallery&gt;
[[Category:ཇཽ་ཇཱ |*]]

&lt;!--Other languages--&gt;</text>
      <sha1>o27e4x3exppk8k9upn9874k1lgmcpxu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཇིའོར་ཇི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3397</id>
    <redirect title="ཇཽ་ཇཱ" />
    <revision>
      <id>23539</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T05:47:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཇིའོར་ཇི་ཡ]] to [[ཇཽ་ཇཱ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཇཽ་ཇཱ]]
</text>
      <sha1>ecfrhjiidxrdch1t4fx7cg6bkib34rq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཇཱར་མ་ན</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3398</id>
    <redirect title="ཇཱར་མ་ནི" />
    <revision>
      <id>23540</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T05:53:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཇཱར་མ་ནི]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཇཱར་མ་ནི]]</text>
      <sha1>i2jmqdv3kt244u20c2y263pjmvie1yr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>གིརིས</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3399</id>
    <redirect title="གྲྀས" />
    <revision>
      <id>23541</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T06:04:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[གྲྀས]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[གྲྀས]]</text>
      <sha1>hv6t794banaynqlnlf78n544lrdb25x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>གིརིསི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3400</id>
    <redirect title="གྲྀས" />
    <revision>
      <id>23543</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T06:05:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[གིརིསི་]] to [[གྲྀས]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[གྲྀས]]
</text>
      <sha1>g3hvoz6xbozfdwizb6djtglru2oap8e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨལ་བཱ་ནི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3401</id>
    <redirect title="ཨཱལ་བེ་ནི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>23548</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T06:21:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཨལ་བཱ་ནི་ཡ]] to [[ཨཱལ་བེ་ནི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="48" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨཱལ་བེ་ནི་ཡ]]
</text>
      <sha1>7v9cxdwcz92ddmcyxuv7sfdeuumnm9l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3402</id>
    <redirect title="ཨཱལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>23554</id>
      <parentid>23551</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T06:32:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨཱལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨཱལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>sbajm85hpk6925wbp818co07hirxx9t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3403</id>
    <redirect title="ཨཱལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>23553</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T06:27:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཨལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ]] to [[ཨཱལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="48" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨཱལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ]]
</text>
      <sha1>bcz4awxhqow4yi52cqnzumnihqzslfy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨེན་ཌོ་ར</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3404</id>
    <redirect title="ཨཱན་དོ་ར" />
    <revision>
      <id>23556</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T06:34:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཨེན་ཌོ་ར]] to [[ཨཱན་དོ་ར]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨཱན་དོ་ར]]
</text>
      <sha1>de7tdlv5ih31q44vz9ir3gksv6a0fzr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨར་མེ་ནི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3405</id>
    <redirect title="ཨར་མི་ནི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>23564</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T07:21:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཨར་མེ་ནི་ཡ]] to [[ཨར་མི་ནི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨར་མི་ནི་ཡ]]
</text>
      <sha1>jv05zttcuc0psub9p66fswgsz9guitc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:རྩེད་རིགས</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>3406</id>
    <revision>
      <id>24363</id>
      <parentid>23658</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T17:40:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3332</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 168 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q1457982]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="52" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
      <sha1>7w5f5o244sji0dxgvrdlpz9ualuyr66</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:རྒྱ་གར</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>3407</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27263</id>
      <parentid>24574</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T22:59:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="69" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>nffirsxgmrlm969t6ztzva8pniyisit</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྒྱ་གར་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3409</id>
    <redirect title="རྒྱ་གར" />
    <revision>
      <id>23589</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T09:15:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[རྒྱ་གར་]] to [[རྒྱ་གར]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[རྒྱ་གར]]
</text>
      <sha1>nimruu8ripxsq7jzzj34cv3qpdduhom</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3411</id>
    <redirect title="རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ།" />
    <revision>
      <id>23593</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T09:29:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ]] to [[རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ།]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[རྡ་རམ་ས་ལ།]]
</text>
      <sha1>2m0b38hnsi1jkplvn8i9d35lq2hfkfp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ལ་དྭགས</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3412</id>
    <redirect title="ལ་དྭགས།" />
    <revision>
      <id>23595</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T09:31:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ལ་དྭགས]] to [[ལ་དྭགས།]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="36" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ལ་དྭགས།]]
</text>
      <sha1>533iucugb8nipufrsmg05egka720nsh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྟ་མགོ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3413</id>
    <redirect title="རྟ་མགོ།" />
    <revision>
      <id>23597</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T09:32:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[རྟ་མགོ]] to [[རྟ་མགོ།]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="36" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[རྟ་མགོ།]]
</text>
      <sha1>qjkoff6wuu6opclzgvp4hzq4jtu1676</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མོསི་ཀོ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3414</id>
    <redirect title="མཽས་ཀོ།" />
    <revision>
      <id>23609</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T10:07:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[མོསི་ཀོ]] to [[མཽས་ཀོ།]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="36" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[མཽས་ཀོ།]]
</text>
      <sha1>bnm3ngouw8ot4n7bzacy2rj94108shw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:ལོ་གྲངས</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>3415</id>
    <revision>
      <id>24364</id>
      <parentid>23654</parentid>
      <timestamp>2013-03-07T17:40:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Addbot</username>
        <id>3332</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[M:User:Addbot|Bot:]] Migrating 121 interwiki links, now provided by [[d:|Wikidata]] on [[d:q2945300]] [[M:User:Addbot/WDS|(translate me)]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="52" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
      <sha1>7w5f5o244sji0dxgvrdlpz9ualuyr66</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>གའཀར</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3416</id>
    <redirect title="གའཀར།" />
    <revision>
      <id>23615</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T10:47:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[གའཀར]] to [[གའཀར།]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[གའཀར།]]
</text>
      <sha1>lzikvv85607nf5cxucbws2134vbcjh4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བར་མུ་ཌ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3417</id>
    <redirect title="བར་མུ་ཌ།" />
    <revision>
      <id>23617</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T10:49:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[བར་མུ་ཌ]] to [[བར་མུ་ཌ།]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བར་མུ་ཌ།]]
</text>
      <sha1>mzq5fnwlx0ygftm5a70o6cttpz8mn4r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3418</id>
    <redirect title="ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26968</id>
      <parentid>23619</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T15:07:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Changed redirect target from [[ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ།]] to [[ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>liz15ylr372u9pbxtljdwe1gnqqwu9e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བཱ་ཧ་མས྄</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3419</id>
    <redirect title="བཱ་ཧ་མས྄།" />
    <revision>
      <id>23621</id>
      <timestamp>2013-01-08T11:02:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[བཱ་ཧ་མས྄]] to [[བཱ་ཧ་མས྄།]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="42" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བཱ་ཧ་མས྄།]]
</text>
      <sha1>rufw5qrbiorkla2qy4g6mxld4v4yrob</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>གོ་བོ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3420</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28284</id>
      <parentid>28274</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-09-24T22:33:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Turkmen</username>
        <id>6119</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="425" xml:space="preserve">བྱ་རྒོད་ཀྱི་རིགས་ཤིག་སྟེ། རུས་པ་རྡོག་རྡོག་ཁྱུར་མིད་བྱེད་པ་ཞིག་ཡིན། འདི་ལ་བྱ་གོ་བོ་ཡང་ཟེར། དབྱིན་སྐད་དུ་ Lammergeyer ཡང་ན་ Gypaetus barbatus ཟེར་རོ།

[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
      <sha1>r8w37gg29e4jhbbmkgn8rchygv7itfk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:བོད</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>3421</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27200</id>
      <parentid>24572</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T22:55:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="66" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:རྒྱ་ནག]]</text>
      <sha1>tf67urilgcrbdqu88f9o6vuanoe5ddt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>གོ་ཡུ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3422</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28283</id>
      <parentid>28275</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-09-24T22:33:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Turkmen</username>
        <id>6119</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="394" xml:space="preserve">ཚ་བུའི་ཁུལ་དུ་སྐྱེ་བའི་རྒྱུན་སྔོ་ཤིང་སྡོང་ཆེན་པོ་ཞིག་གི་འབྲས་བུ་སྟེ། དེའི་དབྱིབས་ཧ་ལམ་ཛ་ཏི་དང་འདྲ་ཞིང་སྨན་བྱེད་ཆོག

[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
      <sha1>6v2yan9hs87xkvi4fu1oej14bdcu265</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>གོ་ར་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3423</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27361</id>
      <parentid>27320</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-22T08:27:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ruslik0</username>
        <id>2089</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="234" xml:space="preserve">བཙོན་ར་དང་བཙོན་ཁང་སོགས་དོན་གཅིག་སྟེ། དབྱིན་སྐད་དུ་ Prison དང་ Jail ཟེར

[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
      <sha1>76cxdlzv3butpwzcmcp60dieiocefdl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>གཡང་གཞི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3424</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28282</id>
      <parentid>28276</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-09-24T22:33:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Turkmen</username>
        <id>6119</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1]] ([[User talk:𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖𪛖1|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:79.165.138.46|79.165.138.46]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="388" xml:space="preserve">1 མི་ལྤགས་སྦུབས་བཤུས་ཆ་ཚང་གི་མིང།  2 སྲོག་ཆགས་ཀྱི་མགོ་སུག་གི་པགས་པ་ཆ་ཚང་བ་ཡོད་པའི་པགས་ལྡན།
1 a complete human skin  2complete animal skin including the head and
feet.

[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
      <sha1>djkf5lujdvo1vuou0menmifut6avtzq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཕོ་རྩེ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3425</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27355</id>
      <parentid>27328</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-22T08:27:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ruslik0</username>
        <id>2089</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="266" xml:space="preserve">ཕོ་རྩེ་ནི་ཕོའི་ལུས་དང་དབང་བོའི་སྟོབས་སྐྱེད་དྭངས་མ། དབྱིན་ཇིའི་སྐདུ་ male hormone

[[Category:ནང་དོན་དཀར་ཆག]]</text>
      <sha1>e45ezmszczqcc27mgdp8aodvjd32nw7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཊི་བི་ལི་སི</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3426</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28432</id>
      <parentid>27289</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-05-19T14:21:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ჯეო</username>
        <id>8257</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="192" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Seal of Tbilisi, Georgia.svg|150px]][[File:Flag of Tbilisi.svg|154x154px]]

[[File:Tbilisi sunset-6.jpg|700px]]

རྒྱལ་ས [[ཇཽ་ཇཱ]]།


[[Category:ཇཽ་ཇཱ]]</text>
      <sha1>haljcux2ezf1g1qah3kep58j6ixnxob</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:ཇཽ་ཇཱ</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>3427</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27264</id>
      <parentid>24611</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T23:00:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="107" xml:space="preserve">{{Catmain}}

{{Commonscat|Georgia}}


[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>6ts2en3pr43tib5sr48pgq3t5004fli</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:ཇཱ་པཱན</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>3429</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27177</id>
      <parentid>24405</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T15:36:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="82" xml:space="preserve">{{catmain}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>qse37z7digmh1qjmj91kqy15ekqlajb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>དུང་དཀར།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3488</id>
    <revision>
      <id>24502</id>
      <timestamp>2013-03-13T03:07:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PurTa</username>
        <id>3352</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;ཞི་ཆོག་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་འཕུ་ནི་གི་ཆོས་ཆས།  རྒྱ་མཚོ་ནང་གི་སེམས་ཅན་...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="368" xml:space="preserve">ཞི་ཆོག་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་འཕུ་ནི་གི་ཆོས་ཆས།

རྒྱ་མཚོ་ནང་གི་སེམས་ཅན་ཅིག་གི་ཕྱི་ཤུབས། 

དུང་དཀར་གྱི་མིང་གཞན་ 

སྐྱེ་བ་ལྔ་པ་ཟེར་ཡང་སླབ་ཨིན།</text>
      <sha1>pep5iymy3losgq1i00lk9wn4r6yitv2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3491</id>
    <redirect title="འབྲུག་ཡུལ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27869</id>
      <parentid>27868</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-10-18T15:02:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Бмхүн</username>
        <id>7166</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>kqrdalzwmx3puy37lribfjaw4hnydtv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Norge</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3499</id>
    <redirect title="ནོ་ཝེ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>24564</id>
      <timestamp>2013-03-31T10:34:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>79.160.60.33</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ནོ་ཝེ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ནོ་ཝེ་]]</text>
      <sha1>p5p14tr6hgqlka0ymizrj7csqyuz2d5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Noreg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3500</id>
    <redirect title="ནོ་ཝེ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>24565</id>
      <timestamp>2013-03-31T11:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Magnefl</username>
        <id>3400</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirect because this is the country's own name and maybe used as a search string</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ནོ་ཝེ་]]</text>
      <sha1>p5p14tr6hgqlka0ymizrj7csqyuz2d5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3502</id>
    <revision>
      <id>24578</id>
      <timestamp>2013-04-03T05:26:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>221.236.255.148</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ་ནི་དངོས་རྫས་ཀྱི་ཆགས་ཚུལ་དང་ཕན་ཚུན་བྱེད་ནུས། ...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="805" xml:space="preserve">དངོས་ཁམས་རིག་པ་ནི་དངོས་རྫས་ཀྱི་ཆགས་ཚུལ་དང་ཕན་ཚུན་བྱེད་ནུས། འགུལ་སྐྱོད་སོགས་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྩའི་གནས་ལུགས་ལ་ཞིབ་འཇུག་བྱེད་པའི་རང་བྱུང་ཚན་རིག་ཅིག་ཡིན། དེ་ལ་ཤུགས་རིག་པ་དང་། ཚ་བ་རིག་པ། གློག་སྡུད་རིག་པ། འོད་རིག་པ། ཚད་རྡུལ་ཤུགས་རིག བལྟོས་བཅས་སྨྲ་བ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ནང་གསེས་འགའ་རུ་བགོ་སྲོལ་ཡོད།</text>
      <sha1>2t810g9lyxrv7qqiglxhv148w16sfwx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བོ་ཡིག་ག། །མ་རྫོང</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3523</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27406</id>
      <parentid>27393</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-12-22T08:50:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ruslik0</username>
        <id>2089</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded again|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded again]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded again|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Infinite0694|Infinite0694]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="840" xml:space="preserve">'''བོ་ཡིག་ག། །མ་རྫོང''' ཉི་ཤ་རྩ་ལྔ། ཉི་ཤ་རྩ་དྲུག ཉི་ཤ་རྩ་བདུན། ཉི་ཤ་རྩ་བརྒྱ ཁྱོད་རྒྱུད་ང་ཡིས་བྱིན་གྱིས་རླབས་པ་ཡིན། །ཞག་ནི་དྲུག་ཅུ་རྩ་བདུན་ ལོན་པའི་དུས། །. གཉིད་ཞབས་དག་ཏུ་ཁྱོད་ལ་ཆོས ལོ་རིམ་བདུན་པའི་སྨད་ཆ།. ༡ སུམ་ཅུ་བའི་རྩ་བ་དང་ལེགས་བཤད་ལྗོན་དབང་ བློར་ངེས་པའི་རྨང་.


{{stub}}
[[Category:དུང་དཀར་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཆེན་མོ་]]</text>
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'''བློདདབྲོ་ཙུག་སྒྲ་ལྷ་སྣང་དང་'''ངན་འབྲས་ནི་སྐམ་སའི་ཐོག་སྐྱེ་དངོས་ཀྱི་གྲངས་ཀའི་བརྒྱ་ཆ་དགུ་བཅུ་རྩ་མེད་དུ་འགྲོ་སྲིད་པ་དང་།སྐྱེ་དངོས་ཁྲི་བཞི་བརྒྱ་ལྔ་བཅུ་རྩ་མེད་དུ་འགྲོ་སྲིད།འཛམ་གླིང་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་བརྒྱ་ཆ་བདུན་ཅུའི་ཚྭ་མེད་ཆུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་མེད་པར་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆེན་པོར་འབབ་སྲིད།མིའི་རིགས་ལ་ཆུའི་ཉེན་ཁ་འབྱུང་ཞིང་སྐོམ་སའི་ཐོག་གི་བརྒྱ་ཆ་དག་བཅུའི་སྲོག་ཆགས་དང་སྐྱེ་དངོས་ཆུ་གསོག་ཉར་བྱེད་ཡས་ནགས་ཚལ་མེད་སྟབས་ཐན་པའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོང་ཉེན་ཡོད།ས་གཞི་ཆེན་པོ་བྱེ་ཐང་དུ་འགྱུར་བའི་སྣང་ཚུལ་འབྱུང་།ས་ཁུལ་མང་པོར་རླུང་ཤུགས་བརྒྱ་ཆ་དྲུག་ཅུ་ནས་བདུན་ཅུ་བར་ཇེ་ཆེར་ཕྱིན་ནས་མི་གྲངས་དུང་ཕྱུར་མང་པོ་རླུང་སྐྱོན་གྱིས་རྩ་མེད་དུ་གཏོང་སྲིད།ས་ཁུལ་མང་པོར་ཆུའི་གནོད་འཚེ་འབྱུང་ཞིང་ས་ཞིང་དང་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་མང་པོ་ཆུས་སྣུབ།མིའི་རིགས་ཀྱིས་ཤིང་ཆ་དང་ཞིང་ཞོར་ཐོན་རྫས་བཅས་རགས་ཐབས་མེད་པས།དཔལ་སབྱོར་འཚོ་བའི་ཐད་དཀའ་ངལ་ཆེནགཔོ་ཐུག་སྲིད་པ་རེད།དེའི་ཐོག་མཁའ་རླུང་སྦགས་བཙོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ་དང་སྒྲ་འཛེར་གྱི་ཅ་ཅོས་ཁེངས།ཉི་འོད་འཕྲོ་ཤུགས་ཇེ་ཆེར་འགྲོ་བ་བཅས


[[Category:འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</text>
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      <comment>Removing &quot;Chak_Seelong,_Myi_Thaw_Cafe,_Rangoon.jpg&quot;, it has been deleted from Commons by [[commons:User:WJBscribe|WJBscribe]] because: Per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Chak Seelong, Myi Thaw Cafe, Rangoon.jpg|]].</comment>
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      <text bytes="774" xml:space="preserve">'''བཞིནསྒྲུཔརབྱེདཔ''' རྒྱ་གར་ཉེན་རྟོག་པས་བོད་མི་བཞི་འཛིན་བཟུང་བྱས་ཡོད་པ་མ་ཟད། ལྡི་ལི་བོད་མི་གནས་སྡོད་བྱེད་ས་ཡོངས་ལ་ས་གནས་ཉེན་རྟོག་པས་དམ་བསྒྲགས་ཆེན་པོ་བྱེད་བཞིན་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར། འདི་གའི་གསར་འགོད་པ་དཀར་མཛེས་བསོད་ནམས་དབང་འདུས་ལགས་ཀྱིས་བཏང་འབྱོར་བྱུང་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཞིག་ལ་གས</text>
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    <title>མཁའ་དབྱིངས་རིག་པ</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot; ཤོག་ལེབ་ཅིག་ལུ་  ་པི་ཁ་བྱང་འདི་ ཤོག་ལེབ་ཀྱི་ཞུའབྲེལ་མཐུད་འབད...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="523" xml:space="preserve"> ཤོག་ལེབ་ཅིག་ལུ་

་པི་ཁ་བྱང་འདི་ ཤོག་ལེབ་ཀྱི་ཞུའབྲེལ་མཐུད་འབད་ཡོདཔ། ཤོག་ལེབ་གསརཔ་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་ འོག་གི་སྒྲོམ་ནང་ ཡིག་དཔར་རྐྱབས་ (བརྡ་དོན་ཁ་གསལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ help page ལུ་བལྟ་)། གལ་སྲིད་འཛོལ་ཏེ་ཡར</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18623" xml:space="preserve">'''བོད་སྐད་'''ནི་[[བོད་ཡུལ་]]དུ་བེད་སྤྱོད་བྱེད་པའི་སྐད་དེ། སྤྱིར་རོང་འབྲོག་གཉིས་ལས་འབྲོག་པའི་སྐད་ནི་འབྲོག་སྡེ་སྟོད་སྨད་བར་གསུམ་ཀུན་ཏུ་ཁྱད་པར་མེད་ཅིང་། སྒྲ་གདངས་དྲག་ཅིང་གྱོང་ཉམས་ཆེ་ལ་སྔོན་གྱི་སྒྲ་སྦྱོར་གྱི་ཟུར་མ་ཉམས་པར་ཐོན་པ་དང་། ཞིང་སྡེའི་ཡུལ་ལུང་རྣམས་སུ་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཁྱད་པར་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཡོད་པས་གདངས་འདོན་ཚུལ་སོགས་གཅིག་ཏུ་མ་ངེས། ད་ཆར་ཡོངས་གྲགས་སུ་བོད་ཀྱི་ཡུལ་གྲུ་སྟོད་སྨད་བར་གསུམ་ལ་ལྟོས་ཏེ་ནང་གསེས་རིགས་གསུམ་དུ་ཕྱེ་བ་སྟེ། སྟོད་དབུས་གཙང་གི་སྐད་དང་། བར་ཁམས་པའི་སྐད་དང་། སྨད་ཨ་མདོའི་སྐད་རྣམས་སོ། བོད་སྐད་ནི་ཧོར་སོག་ལ་སོགས་པ་གྲངས་ཉུང་མི་རིགས་གཞན་པ་ཁག་ཅིག་གིས་བེད་སྤྱོད་གཏོང་བཞིན་ཡོད་པར་མ་ཟད། བལ་པོ་དང་། འབྲས་ལྗོངས། འབྲུག་ཡུལ་བཅས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རྣམས་སུའང་བེད་སྤྱོད་གཏོང་བཞིན་ཡོད།

[[བོད།|བོད]]་[[སྐད]]་ནི་ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་ཡུལ་གྲུའི་མི་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་སྤྱོད་པའི་སྐད་ཡིག་ཅིག་ལ། དེང་སང་སྤྱི་ཁྱབ་སྒྲའི་འདོན་སྟངས་ཀྱི་ཁྱད་པར་ཡོད་པ་ཙམ་མ་གཏོགས། རྒྱ་ནག་གི་འོག་ཏུ་ཡོད་པའི་བོད་ཁུལ་ཡོངས་དང་། འབྲུག་དང་འབྲས་ལྗོངས། ལ་དྭགས་དང་བལ་ཡུལ་སོགས་ཚུད་པའི་ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་གྱི་སྤྱི་སྐད་ཁོ་ན་དེ་ཡིན་ལ་ཨེ་ཤ་ཡའི་རླབས་ཆེན་སྐད་ཡིག་ཅིག་ཀྱང་ཡིན། འདི་ནི་ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་རིག་གཞུང་ཀུན་གྱི་ཕྲེང་ཐག་ལྟ་བུ་ཡིན། འབྲུག་པ་སོགས་སྙིང་ཆུང་ཆུང་སྡར་མ་འགའ་རེ་རྒྱ་མིར་སྐྲག་སྟེ། རང་ཉིད་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག་དེ་བོད་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག་ཁོངས་སུ་མི་གཏོགས་རབས་བརྗོད་མོད། འོན་ཀྱང་། དེ་ནི་མིག་ཅན་གྱིས་གཟུགས་ཅན་ལ་བལྟ་བ་ཡིན་པས་རྣམ་དཔྱོད་ལྡན་པ་དག་གིས་བལྟས་པ་དང་ཀློག་པ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ཤེས་ནུས། ད་དུང་འབྲུག་རྒན་སྡར་མ་དེ་ཚོས་བོད་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག་གསེར་ལྟ་བུ་འདྲ་བོ་དེར་ཧིན་སྐད་དང་བལ་སྐད། དེ་བཞིན་དབྱིན་སྐད་སོགས་ཀྱིས་བསྲེས་ལྷད་ཅུང་ཙམ་བརྒྱབ་རྗེས་སྐད་ཡིག་འདིའི་མིང་ལ་རྫོང་ཁ་ཟེར་བ་ལས་བོད་སྐད་ཡིག་མི་ཟེར་ཅེས། མཛེ་བོ་རང་སྣང་མཐོ་བ་ལྟ་བུར་བླུན་པོ་གཅེར་རྒྱུག་བྱེད་པ་ནི་འགྲོ་བ་མིའི་རིགས་དང་ཁྱད་པར་དུ་ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་རིག་གཞུང་གིས་ཟིན་པའི་སྐྱེ་འགྲོ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་གྱོང་གུན་རེད་དོ། །

=== [[གསལ་བྱེད།]] ===

{| cellpadding=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;font-size: large&quot; 
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|'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000ff&quot;&gt;ཀ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ka]}} ||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#00ff00&quot;&gt;ཁ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ˈka]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;ག&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ɡa]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#C0C0C0&quot;&gt;ང&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ŋa]}}
|-
|'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000ff&quot;&gt;ཅ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[tɕa]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#00ff00&quot;&gt;ཆ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ˈtɕa]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;ཇ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[dʑa]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#C0C0C0&quot;&gt;ཉ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ɲa]}}
|-
|'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000ff&quot;&gt;ཏ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ta]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#00ff00&quot;&gt;ཐ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ˈta]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;ད&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[da]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#C0C0C0&quot;&gt;ན&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[na]}}
|-
|'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000ff&quot;&gt;པ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[pa]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#00ff00&quot;&gt;ཕ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ˈpa]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;བ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ba]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#C0C0C0&quot;&gt;མ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ma]}}
|-
|'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0000ff&quot;&gt;ཙ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[tsa]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#00ff00&quot;&gt;ཚ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ˈtsa]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff0000&quot;&gt;ཛ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[dza]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#808080&quot;&gt;ཝ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[wa]}}
|-
|'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff00ff&quot;&gt;ཞ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ʑa]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff00ff&quot;&gt;ཟ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[za]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff00ff&quot;&gt;འ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ɥa]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ff00ff&quot;&gt;ཡ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ja]}}
|-
|'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#00ffff&quot;&gt;ར&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ra]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#00ffff&quot;&gt;ལ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[la]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#00ffff&quot;&gt;ཤ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ɕa]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#00ffff&quot;&gt;ས&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[sa]}}
|-
|'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ffff00&quot;&gt;ཧ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[ˈa]}}||'''&lt;span style=&quot;color:#ffff00&quot;&gt;ཨ&lt;/span&gt;''' {{IPA|[a]}}
|}

==བོད་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཁྱབ་ཁོངས།==
བོད་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཁྱབ་ཁོངས་ནང་ཁུལ་གྱི་ཡུལ་སྐད་དབྱེ་བ།&lt;br /&gt;

བོད་སྐད་ནི་ཡུལ་ཁག་ལྔའི་ནང་གི་ཡུལ་མིས་བེད་སྤྱོད་བྱེད། བོད། འབྲུག བལ་པོ། རྒྱ་གར། པ་ཀི་སི་ཐན་བཅས་ཡིན།
བོད་སྐད་ནང་ཁུལ་ལ་ཡུལ་སྐད་མི་འདྲ་བ་ཆེ་ཁག་ཁ་ཤས་ཤིག་གཤམ་དུ་བཀོད་ཡོད། དེ་ནི་ངའི་བློ་ངོར་ཡོད་ཚད་རགས་བསྡུས་ཀྱིས་བཀོད་པ་ཙམ་ལས་ཞིབ་འཇུག་གཏིང་ཟབ་བྱས་ཐུབ་མེད། སྣོན་འཕྲི་དང་། མིང་འདོགས་སྟངས། དབྱེ་བ་དགར་སྟངས་སོགས་ལ་བསམ་འཆར་འདོན་རོགས།

=== [[བོད།]] ===
• དབུས་སྐད། ལྷ་ས་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ཁོང་གཏོགས་ཀྱི་རྫོང་ཁ་ཤས།
• གཙང་སྐད། གཞིས་རྩེ་ས་ཁུལ།
• ཀོང་པོའི་སྐད། ཉིང་ཁྲི་ས་ཁུལ།
• སྟོད་སྐད། མངའ་རིས་ཁུལ།
• ལྷོ་ཁའི་སྐད། ལྷོ་ཁ་ས་ཁུལ།
• ཧོར་སྐད། ནག་ཆུ་ཁུལ།
• ཁམས་སྐད། ཆབ་མདོ་ས་ཁུལ། དཀར་མཛེས་ཁུལ། ཡུལ་ཤུལ་ཁུལ། བདེ་ཆེན་ཁུལ། ཁམས་སྐད་བཤད་མཁན་ནི་ད་དུང་ཀན་ལྷོ་ས་ཁུལ་ཅོ་ནེ་དང་མངའ་རིས་ཁུལ་དགེ་རྩེ་རྫོང་སོགས་སུ་ཡང་ཡོད།
• ཨ་མདོའི་སྐད། མཚོ་ཤར་ཁུལ། མཚོ་ལྷོ་ཁུལ། མཚོ་ནུབ་ཁུལ། མཚོ་བྱང་ཁུལ། རྨ་ལྷོ་ཁུལ། མགོ་ལོག་ཁུལ། ཀན་ལྷོ་ཁུལ། རྔ་བ་ཁུལ། ད་དུང་དཀར་མཛེས་ཁུལ་གྱི་གསེར་རྟ། ལི་ཐང་། དཔལ་ཡུལ་སོགས་འབྲོག་སྡེ་མང་པོ་ཞིག་ནི་ཨ་མདོའི་སྐད་རྒྱག་མཁན་ཡིན།

=== [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ།]] ===
• རྫོང་ཁ། རྫོང་ཁ་ནི་འབྲུག་གི་གཞུང་སྤྱོད་སྐད་ཡིན། རྫོང་ཁག་ཉི་ཤུའི་ནང་གི་རྫོང་ཁག་བརྒྱད་དེ། [[ཐིམ་ཕུ།]] སྤ་གྲོ། པུ་ན་ཁ། དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་། སྒར་ས། ཧའེ། རྡ་གར་ན། ཆུ་ཁ་བཅས་ཀྱིས་ཡུལ་སྐད་ཡིན།
• ཁྱོད་ཅ་ང་ཁ། ལྷུན་རྩེ་དང་མོན་སྒར་རྫོང་སོགས།
• ལ་ཁ། དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་གི་སྡེ་ཚོ་ཁ་ཤས།
• མེ་རག་ས་སྟེང་འབྲོག་སྐད། བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་གི་འབྲོག་སྡེ་ཁག་གཅིག
• དུར་གྱི་འབྲོག་སྐད་དམ་འབྲོག་སྐད། བུམ་ཐང་གི་འབྲོག་པ་ཁག་གཅིག

=== [[བལ་ཡུལ།]] ===
• ཤར་པའི་སྐད། ཤར་པའི་སྐད་ནི་རི་བོ་ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ་དང་གངས་ཅན་མཛོད་ལྔའི་འགྲམ་རྒྱུད་ཀྱི་སྡེ་ཚོ་ཁག། དེ་ཡང་ཤར་ཁུམ་བུ། རྡོ་ལ་ཁ། ཏྲ་པོལ་ལྗོངས། སན་ཁུ་ཝ་ས་སྦ། སེན་དྷུ་པལ་ཅོག་སོགས་དང་ད་དུང་བོད་ཀྱི་འགྲམ་ས་ཁུལ་དུ་ཡང་བེད་སྤྱོད་བྱེད་མཁན་ཡོད།
• དོལ་བོའི་སྐད། དོལ་བོ་རྫོང་།
• གློ་བོའི་སྐད། གློ་སྨིན་ཐང་རྫོང་།
• གྲོག་པོ་སྒོ་ལའི་སྐད། ཏྲ་པོལ་ལྗོངས་རྫོང་ཁོངས་ཀྱི་སྡེ་ཚོ་ཁ་ཤས་ཤིག

=== [[རྒྱ་གར།]] ===
• འབྲས་ལྗོངས་སྐད། འབྲས་ལྗོངས་སམ་སི་ཀིམ་མངའ་སྡེའི་ཁུལ།
• ལ་དྭགས་སྐད། འཇམ་མུ་ཀ་ཤི་མིར་མངའ་སྡེའི་ལ་དྭགས་རྫོང་། སྐར་རྒེལ་རྫོང་ཁོངས་ཀྱི་ཟངས་དཀར་སོགས།
• པུ་རིག་སྐད། ལ་དྭགས་ཁོངས་ཀྱི་སྡེ་ཚོ་ཁ་ཤས།
• སྤི་ཏི་སྐད། ཧི་མ་ཅལ་མངའ་སྡེའི་ཁོངས་ལ་ཧུལ་དང་སྤི་ཏི་སོགས།
• གར་ཞྭ་སྐད། ལ་ཧུལ་དང་སྤི་ཏི།
• ཉམ་སྐད། ཁུ་ནུ་རྫོང་།

=== [[པ་ཀི་སི་ཐན།]] ===
• སྦལ་ཏིའི་སྐད། སྦལ་ཏི་སི་ཐན་དང་རྒན་ཆེ་སོགས་པ་ཀི་ཐན་གྱི་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ས་ཁུལ།

== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==
*Sándor Kőrösi Csoma 1834 [http://books.google.com/books?id=a78IAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Essay Towards a Dictionary, Tibetan and English''] Printed at the Baptist Mission Press [http://books.google.com/books?id=CrtLAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false][http://books.google.com/books?id=HylHAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Sandor Csoma de Körös 1834 [http://books.google.com/books?id=IrtLAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0 ''A grammar of the Tibetan language''] Baptist Mission Press [http://books.google.com/books?id=W0tNAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Volume 1][http://books.google.com/books?id=8ShHAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0]
*H. A. Jäschke 1865 [http://books.google.com/books?id=h65FAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''A Short Practical Grammar of the Tibetan Language, with Special Reference to the Spoken Dialects'']
*H. A. Jäschke 1866 [http://books.google.com/books?id=p5VFAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Romanized Tibetan and English Dictionary''][http://books.google.com/books?id=kqACAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false][http://books.google.com/books?id=b78IAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*H. A. Jäschke 1871 [http://books.google.com/books?id=0a1RAAAAcAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Handwörterbuch der Tibetischen Sprache, Part 1''] Unitätsbuchhandlung
*Hodgson, B. H. (Brian Houghton) 1874 [http://archive.org/details/essaysonlanguage00hodg ''Essays on the languages, literature, and religion of Nepál and Tibet''] London, Trübner &amp; co.
*H. A. Jäschke 1881 [http://books.google.com/books?id=SLUIAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Tibetan-English Dictionary''] Taylor &amp; Francis [http://books.google.com/books?id=J7UIAAAAQAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0]
*Heinrich August Jäschke 1881 [http://books.google.com/books?id=_RQTAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''A Tibetan-English dictionary, with special reference to the prevailing dialects: To which is added an English-Tibetan vocabulary''] Printed by Unger Brothers (T. Grimm) 
*Heinrich August Jäschke 1883 [http://books.google.com/books?id=pmN_wah3GcEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Tibetan grammar''] Trub̈ner &amp; co. [http://books.google.com/books?id=fTsYAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Heinrich August Jäschke 1888 [http://books.google.com/books?id=cpIVAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Tibetan grammar''] Trub̈ner &amp; co.
*Sarat Chandra Das 1902 [http://books.google.com/books?id=EdoKAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''A Tibetan-English dictionary with Sanskrit synonyms, Volume 1''] Bengal Secretariat Book Depot [http://books.google.com/books?id=btkKAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Volume 2]
*Sarat Chandra Das 1902 [http://books.google.com/books?id=8AbIHweo7PMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''A Tibetan English Dictionary With Sanskrit Synonyms''] Motilal Banarsidass Publ. [http://books.google.com/books?id=i8IuAAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0][http://books.google.com/books?id=n1mkCh85914C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false]
*Śarac Candra Dāsa 1902 [http://books.google.com/books?id=YNm2kWddMNQC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0 ''A Tibetan-English Dictionary: Compact Edition with Sanskrit Synonyms''] Asian Educational Services
*Vincent C. Henderson 1903 [http://books.google.com/books?id=Ds0-AAAAYAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Tibetan Manual''] Inspector General of Chinese imperial maritime customs
*Hannah, Herbert Bruce 1912 [http://archive.org/details/grammaroftibetan00hannrich ''A grammar of the Tibetan language, literary and colloquial. With copious illustrations, and treating fully of spelling, pronunication, and the construction of the verb, and including appendices of the various forms of the verb''] Calcutta, Printed at the Baptist mission press
*Bell, Charles Alfred, Sir 1919 [http://archive.org/details/grammarofcolloqu00bellrich ''Grammar of colloquial Tibetan''] Calcutta, The Bengal secretariat book depot

*Herbert Bruce Hannah 1996 [http://books.google.com/books?id=E6uk2CT0BpsC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''A Grammar of the Tibetan Language: Literary and Colloquial (with Copious Illustrations and Treating Fully of Spelling, Pronunciation and the Construction of the Verb and Including Appendices of the Various Forms of the Verb)''] Motilal Banarsidass Publ.
*H. A. Jäschke 2003 [http://books.google.com/books?id=cFTVmipjOC0C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Tibetan-English Dictionary''] Courier Dover Publications
*H. A. Jäschke 2004 [http://books.google.com/books?id=POgoZBYrbfEC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Tibetan-English Dictionary''] Routledge


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[[Category:བོད་སྐད|*]]
[[Category:བོད་ཡིག]]
[[Category:བོད]]</text>
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    <title>པ་ར་གུ་ཝའི</title>
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      <text bytes="502" xml:space="preserve">རྒྱལ་ཁབ ''' པ་རཱ་གྭའི། '''(Paraguay, Paraguái)

པ་རཱ་གྭའིགྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་
[[File:Flag of Paraguay.svg|right|thumb]]
[[File:Rio Paraguay.jpg|right|thumb]]
[[File:Asuncion Palacio Lopez.jpg|right|thumb]]


རྒྱལ་ས [[ཨ་སུན་སི་འོན།]] ''([[Asunción]] ཡིང་ན་ Paraguái)''།


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* [[འཇར་པན།]]


{{America}}

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      <text bytes="23667" xml:space="preserve">༧གོང་ས་མཆོག་གིས་གསུངས།

རང་བཞིན་ངན་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས།། སྡིག་སྡུག་དྲག་པོས་ནོན་མཐོང་ཚེ།། རིན་ཆེན་གཏེར་དང་འཕྲད་པ་བཞིན།། རྙེད་པར་དཀའ་བས་གཅེས་འཛིན་ཤོག།

ཅེས་གསུངས་པ་ནི་ང་རང་ཚོས་སེམས་ཅན་རང་བཞིན་ངན་པ༑གཤིས་ཀ་ངན་པའི་རིགས་ལ་སྐབས་རེ་བྱམས་པ་དང༌།སྙིང་རྗེ་སྐྱེ་རྒྱུ་ཅུང་ཟད་དཀའ་བ་དང༌།དེ་བཞིན་དེ་དག་ལ་གཏོང་ལེན་གྱི་དམིགས་པ་བྱེད་རྒྱུར་ཡང་ཅུང་ཟད་དཀའ་བ་ཡོང་སྲིད་པ་རེད།ཡང་སྤྱོད་ལམ་རྩུབ་པོ་དང༌།དེ་མིན་ཉོན་མོངས་ཧ་ཅང་རགས་པ་ཡོད་པ་དེ་འདྲར་སྐབས་རེ་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་སྦྱོང་གི་དམིགས་པའི་ཡུལ་ལ་བདེ་པོ་དེ་ཙམ་མི་ཡོང་བ་དེ་འདྲ་ཡོད་པས།དེ་སྒེར་བརྡུང་བཏང་ནས་བསམ་བློ་གཏོང་རྒྱུ་རེད། རང་བཞིན་ངན་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས།། སྡིག་ལྟུང་དྲག་པོས་ནོན་མཐོང་ཚེ།། རིན་ཆེན་གཏེར་དང་འཕྲད་པ་བཞིན།། རྙེད་པར་དཀའ་བས་གཅེས་འཛིན་ཤོག།ཅེས་གསུངས་སོ།། བདག་ལ་གཞན་གྱིས་ཕྲག་དོག་གིས།། གཤེ་བསྐུུར་ལ་སོགས་མི་རིགས་པའི།། གྱོང་ཁ་རང་གིས་ལེན་པ་དང༌།། རྒྱལ་ཁ་གཞན་ལ་འབུལ་བར་ཤོག། ཅེས་པ་ནི།ང་རང་ཚོས་བློ་སྦྱོང་དཀའ་བའི་ཡུལ་གཅིག་ནི།རང་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་བསམ་པ་རྣམ་དག་བྱས་ཀྱང༌།གཞི་མེད་པ་དང༌།གཞི་ཅུང་ཟད་ཡོད་པ་དེ་འདྲར་སྒྲོ་བཏགས་པ་དང༌།ཡང་ན་འཁྱོག་བཤད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ནས་རང་ལ་སྐྱོན་འདོགས་བྱས་པ་དང༌།སྙོན་བཙུགས་པ་སོགས་ཡོང་སྐབས་སྤྱིར་བཏང་འཇིག་རྟེན་ཡ་རབས་ཀྱི་ཁྲིམས་ཐོག་ནས་བཤད་ན།རང་ལ་ཉེས་པ་མེད་བཞིན་དུ་གཞན་གྱིས་སྙོན་བཙུགས་ནས་ཉེས་པ་བཤད་ན་དེ་མ་འོས་པ་རེད། རང་ལ་བདེན་པ་ཡོད་ཅིང༌།ཕ་རོལ་པོར་བདེན་པ་མེད་པས་ཁྲིམས་ས་ལྟ་བུར་གཏུགས་ན་ཕལ་ཆེར་གཏུགས་ཆོག་པ་ཞིག་ཡིན་ནའང་བློ་སྦྱོང་ཉམས་ལེན་བྱེད་མཁན་གྱིས་དེ་འདྲ་བྱེད་མི་རུང་ཞིང༌།གཞན་གྱིས་རང་ལ་གཤེ་བ་དང་བསྐུུར་བ་ལ་སོགས་པ་གང་ཞིག་བྱས་ཀྱང་དེ་དང་དུ་བླངས་ནས།ཁེ་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁ་གཞན་ལ་སྦྱིན།གྱོང་དང་བུག་པ་རང་གིས་བླངས་དགོས་ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་དགོས་ཤིང༌།དེས་ན་གྱོང་ཁ་རང་གིས་ལེན་པ་དང༌།།རྒྱལ་ཁ་གཞན་ལ་འབུལ་བར་ཤོག།ཅེས་གསུངས་སོ།། དེ་ནས་ལྷག་པར་དུ་བློ་སྦྱོང་དཀའ་བའི་ཡུལ་གཅིག་ནི། གང་ལ་བདག་གིས་ཕན་གདགས་པའི།། རེ་བ་ཆེ་བ་གང་ཞིག་གིས།། ཤིན་ཏུ་མི་རིགས་གནོད་བྱེད་ནའང༌།། བཤེས་གཉེན་དམ་པར་བལྟ་བར་ཤོག། ཅེས་པ་ནི་ལྷག་པར་དུ་རང་གིས་སྔར་ཕར་ཕན་མང་པོ་བཏགས་ཤིང༌།རང་གིས་དྲིན་གྱིས་བསྐྱངས་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཞིག་གིས་རང་ལ་མི་འོས་མི་འཚམས་པ་དེ་འདྲ་བྱས་ན་དེ་ལ་ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཡང་བསམ་བློའི་ནང་དུ་ཁོས་དྲིན་ལན་ལོག་འཇལ་བྱས་བྱུང་བསམ་པ་བསམ་བློའི་ནང་ལ་འཁོར་བ་ནི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ལྡན་པ་ཞིག་ཆགས་ཡོད་ཀྱང༌།བློ་སྦྱོང་ཉམས་ལེན་བྱེད་མཁན་གྱིས་དེ་འདྲའི་སྐབས་ལ་ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཡང་དེར་བཟོད་པ་སྒོམ་པའི་རྟེན་མཆོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ།རྣམ་མཁྱེན་ཐོབ་པ་ལ་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་དང་བྱམས་པ་དགོས་པ་རེད། དེའི་ལྡོག་ཟླའམ་འགལ་རྐྱེན་ཆེ་ཤོས་དེ་ཞེ་སྡང་རེད།ཞེ་སྡང་ལ་ཐད་ཀར་གདོང་ཐུག་བྱས་ཏེ་ཞེ་སྡང་ལ་གདོང་ལེན་བྱེད་མཁན་དེ་བཟོད་པ་ཆགས་ཡོད།བཟོད་པ་ཉམས་ལེན་བྱེད་པར་རང་ལ་གནོད་པ་བྱེད་མཁན་གྱི་དགྲ་ཞིག་དགོས།དེས་ན་རང་ལ་ཤིན་ཏུ་མི་འོས་མི་འཚམས་པ་དེ་འདྲའི་ཐོག་ནས་རང་ལ་གནོད་པ་བྱེད་མཁན་གྱི་དགྲ་བོ་འདི་ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཡང་བཟོད་པའི་རྟེན་མཆོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ་རེད་ལ།དེ་ཡིན་པ་ཤེས་པར་བྱས་ཏེ་བཤེས་གཉེན་དམ་པར་བལྟ་བར་ཤོག་གསུངས་སོ།། མདོར་ན་དངོས་སམ་རྒྱུད་པ་ཡི།། ཕན་བདེ་མ་རྣམས་ཀུན་ལ་འབུལ།། མ་ཡི་གནོད་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཀུན།། གསང་བས་བདག་ལ་ལེན་པར་ཤོག། ཅེས་པ་འདིས་གཏོང་ལེན་གསུངས་པ་རེད།དེ་ལྟར་གཏོང་ལེན་བྱས་ནས་དངོས་སུ་གཞན་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་རང་གིས་བླངས་རྒྱུ་ཞིག་དང༌།རང་གི་བདེ་དགེ་གཞན་ལ་སྦྱིན་ནས་གཞན་ལ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པ་དེ་ཧ་ཅང་ཁག་པོ་རེད།དམིགས་བསལ་རང་ཉིད་དང་ལས་སྨོན་གྱི་འབྲེལ་བ་ཧ་ཅང་ཡོད་པ་དེ་འདྲ་རེ་ཟུང་ཡོང་སྲིད་པ་ལས་དེ་མིན་ཧ་ཅང་ཁག་པོ་རེད།ལག་ལེན་གྱི་ཐོག་ནས་དངོས་སུ་ཡོང་རྒྱུ་ཡོད་མེད་མི་ཤེས་ཏེ།གང་ལྟར་རང་གི་སྙིང་སྟོབས།རང་གཅེས་པར་འཛིན་པའི་གཅེས་འཛིན་ལ་མགོ་ལྕག་ཞུ་རྒྱུ་དང༌།གཞན་གཅེས་པར་འཛིན་པའི་གཅེས་འཛིན་གོང་ནས་གོང་དུ་འཕེལ་བའི་སྤྲོ་ཤུགས་འཕེལ་བ་ལ་གཏོང་ལེན་གྱི་དམིགས་པ་བྱེད་རྒྱུ་དེ་ནུས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ཡིན་ས་རེད། མདོར་ན་དངོས་དང་རྒྱུད་པས་རང་གིས་དུས་གསུམ་དུ་བསགས་པའི་དགེ་བའི་རྩ་བ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཞེ་ཐག་པ་ནས་དེའི་འབྲས་བུ་བདེ་བ་དང༌།བཟང་པོའི་ནུས་པ་ཡོད་པ་དེ་དག་ཇོ་བོ་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་ཞེ་ཐག་པ་ནས།ནམ་མཁའི་མཐས་གཏུགས་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱུད་ལ་ཡོད་པའི་འབྲས་བུ་སྡུག་བསྔལ།དེའི་རྒྱུ་ལས་དང་ཉོན་མོངས་བག་ཆགས་དང་བཅས་པ་དེ་དག་རང་གཅེས་འཛིན་གྱི་མགོ་ཐོག་ཏུ་བླངས་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་གཏོང་ལེན་སྦྱང་རྒྱུ་དེ་རེད།དེ་ཡང་སྙིང་རྗེའི་དམིགས་པ་རྩལ་དུ་བཏོན་ནས་ལེན་པ་དེ་སྔོན་དུ་གཏོང་བ་རེད། དེ་ནས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མཐའ་དག་རང་གིས་བླངས་ཟིན་པ་ཡིན་བསམ་པའི་རྗེས་སུ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བྲལ་བ་ཙམ་གྱིས་མི་ཆོག་པར།དེ་ཐམས་ཅད་བདེ་བ་མཐའ་དག་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཞིག་བྱ་བསམ་པ་དང༌།བདེ་བ་མཐའ་དག་དང་ལྡན་ན་ཅི་མ་རུང༌།བདེ་བ་མཐའ་དག་དང་ལྡན་པ་བདག་གིས་བྱ་སྙམ་པ།བདག་གིས་ཇི་ལྟར་བྱ་དགོས་སམ་ཞེ་ན།རང་གི་དགེ་བའི་རྩ་བ་དགེ་ཚུལ་སློང་གི་སྡོམ་པ་བླངས་པ།བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་ལ་བློ་སྦྱངས་པ།སྟོང་ཉིད་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བ་བསྒོམས་པ།ལྷ་ཡི་རྣལ་འབྱོར་བསྒོམས་ནས་དེ་ལྟ་བུའི་དགེ་རྩ་ཇི་ལྟར་མི་འདུག་ཅེས་བརྗོད་ཀྱང་ལུས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་བསགས་པའི་དགེ་བ་དང༌།ངག་གི་སྒོ་ནས་བསགས་པའི་དགེ་བ༑ཡིད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་བསགས་པའི་དགེ་བ་ཡོད་པ་དེ་དག་ཐམས་ཅད་རང་དོན་ཡིད་བྱེད་ཀྱི་བསམ་པས་མ་འདྲེས་པར་ཞེ་ཐག་པ་ནས།སྙིང་ཁོང་རུས་པའི་གཏིང་ནས།དགའ་བཞིན་སྤྲོ་བཞིན་ཕངས་པ་མེད་པའི་ཐོག་ནས་གཞན་ལ་བཏང༌།དེ་ནས་རང་གི་ལུས་ཀྱང་བཏང༌།ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཀྱང་གཏོང་བའི་སྒོ་ནས་གཏོང་ལེན་གྱི་དམིགས་པ་བྱེད་རྒྱུ་དེ་གསུངས་པ་རེད། གསང་བས་བདག་ལ་ལེན་པར་ཤོག།ཅེས་གསང་བས་བདག་ལ་ལེན་པ་ནི་རིམ་བཞིན། གཏོང་ལེན་གཉིས་པོ་སྤེལ་མར་སྦྱར།། ལེན་པའི་གོ་རིམ་རང་ལས་བརྩམས།། དེ་ཉིད་རླུང་ལ་སྐྱོན་པར་བྱ།། ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་བཞིན་དབུགས་ཚུར་རྔུབ་པའི་སྐབས་སུ་གཞན་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཚུར་བླངས་པ་དང༌།དབུགས་ཕར་གཏོང་བའི་སྐབས་རང་གི་བདེ་དགེ་གཞན་ལ་སྦྱིན་པ་དེ་ལྟ་བུའི་སྒོ་ནས་བློ་སྦྱོང་འགྲོ་ཞོར་འདུག་ཞོར་གང་གི་སྐབས་སུ་ཡིན་ནའང་ཉམས་ལེན་བྱེད་རྒྱུ་གསུངས་པ་རེད། དེ་དག་ཀུན་ཀྱང་ཆོས་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི།། རྟོག་པའི་དྲི་མས་མ་སྦགས་ཤིང༌།། ཞེས་པའི་རྐང་པ་གཉིས་པོས་སྤྱིར་དགེ་བ་གང་བསགས་པ་རྣམས་འཇིག་རྟེན་ཆོས་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་རྣམ་རྟོག་དང་འདྲེས་པའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཆེན་པོ་ཡོད།ངས་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་བསྒོམས་ཏེ་དེ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་གཞན་གྱིས་བསྟོད་ར་བཏང་མི་ཡོང་ངམ་བསམ་པ་དང༌།ཡང་ན་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་བསྒོམས་ན་ཚེ་རིང་པོ་ཡོང་བ་དང༌།བསོད་ནམས་འཕེལ་ནས་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཆེན་པོ་ཡོང་གི་རེད་བསམ་པ་དང༌།དེ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་མི་ཚེ་འདི་སྐྱིད་པོ་ཡོང་གི་རེད་བསམ་ན་ལྟས་ངན་ཡིན་པ་རེད།དེ་འདྲའི་བསམ་བློ་གཏོང་རྒྱུ་མེད། མདོར་ན་ཚེ་འདི་དང་འབྲེལ་ནས་རང་བདེ་བ་ཞིག་བྱུང་ན་བསམ་པ་དང༌།བསྟོད་ར་བྱུང་ན་བསམ་པ།ང་ལ་སྙན་གྲགས་བྱུང་ན་བསམ་པ་སོགས་དེ་འདྲའི་འཇིག་རྟེན་ཆོས་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་བློས་མ་འདྲེས་པ་ཞིག་དང༌།ཆོས་བརྒྱད་དཀར་ནག་ཁྲ་གསུམ་ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་ཆོས་བརྒྱད་དང་མ་འདྲེས་པ་ཞིག་བྱེད་དགོས་པ་རེད་ཅེས་གསུངས་སོ།། ཆོས་ཀུན་སྒྱུ་མར་ཤེས་པའི་བློས།། ཞེན་མེད་འཆིང་བ་ལས་གྲོལ་ཤོག། ས་གསུངས་པ་ནི་གོང་ཞུས་ལྟར་ང་ཞེས་པ་དེ་ཕུང་པོའི་གསེབ་ནས་མེད་ལ།ཡོད་ས་ཕུང་པོ་ཡོད་ས་དེར་ང་དེ་ཡང་ཡོད་ཅིང༌།འོན་ཀྱང་ཡོད་ས་དེ་ནས་ང་དེ་བཙལ་ན་རྙེད་རྒྱུ་མེད།མེད་པ་མིན་ཞིང༌།ཕུང་པོ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་བཏགས་པ་རེད། དེ་ཙམ་མ་ཟད་ཕུང་པོ་ལྔ་པོ་དེ་དག་ཀྱང་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་སྟོང་པར་རྣམ་པར་ཡང་དག་པར་རྗེས་སུ་བལྟའོ་ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་གདགས་གཞི་ཕུང་པོ་དེ་ཉིད་ཀྱང་རྙེད་རྒྱུ་མེད་པ་ཞིག་ཆགས་ཀྱི་ཡོད།དེར་བརྟེན་སྤྱིར་ཕུང་པོ་རྫས་ཡོད་དང་གང་ཟག་བཏགས་ཡོད་ཅེས་བཤད་ཀྱི་ཡོད།བཏགས་ཡོད་གང་ལ་བཏགས་སའི་རྫས་ཡོད་ཕུང་པོ་དེ་ཉིད་ཀྱང་རྙེད་རྒྱུ་མེད་པ་ཞིག་ཆགས་པས།དེ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་བཏགས་པའི་གང་ཟག་དེ་ཡང་ལྟ་ཅི་སྨོས།དེས་མཚོན་པའི་བདེ་སྡུག་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་པ་པོའི་བདག་ཅེས་པ་དེ་ཡང་ཐ་སྙད་བཏགས་ཙམ་ཡིན་ཞིང༌།མིང་གི་དབང་གིས་ཡོད་ཙམ་དང༌།གདགས་གཞི་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་བཏགས་ཙམ་ཡིན།གདགས་གཞི་རང་ཉིད་ཀྱང་རང་གི་ཆ་ཤས་ཚོགས་པ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་ཡོང་དགོས་པ་དང༌།ཤེས་པ་ལྟ་བུ་ཡིན་ན་རྒྱུན་གྱི་ཚོགས་པའི་སྟེང་ནས་ཡོང་དགོས། དེ་བཞིན་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞིག་ཡིན་ཀྱང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ཆ་ཅན་ཡིན་པས་ན།དེ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་བཏགས་པ་ཞིག་ཡིན་སྟབས་མཐར་གཏུགས་ན་ཕྱི་དང་ནང༌།བདེ་སྡུག་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་པ་པོ་དང༌།བདེ་སྡུག་ལོངས་སྤྱད་བྱའི་ཕུང་སོགས་ཀྱིས་མཚོན་པའི་ཆོས་གང་དང་གང་ཡིན་ཡང༌།དེ་ཐམས་ཅད་བརྟག་ཅིང་དཔྱད་ན་རྙེད་རྒྱུ་མེད་ཅིང༌།མ་བརྟག་མ་དཔྱད་པར་འཇོག་རྒྱུ་ཙམ་ཞིག་ལས་བརྟག་ཅིང་དཔྱད་ན་མེད་པ་རེད།མ་བརྟག་མ་དཔྱད་པའི་ངང་ལ་ཡོད་ལུགས་དེ་ཡང་དོན་གྱི་ངོས་ནས་ཡོད་པ་མིན་པ།གང་ལྟར་ཐ་སྙད་ཀྱི་དབང་གིས་བཏགས་ཙམ་ཞིག་ཡིན་པ།དེ་འདྲ་བློ་ལ་ཤར་བ་ཞིག་བྱུང་ན་མ་བརྟག་མ་དཔྱད་པའི་བློ་ལ་ཆོས་དེ་དང་དེའི་ཐ་སྙད་བློ་ལ་ཤར་སྐབས་དོན་གྱི་ངོས་ནས་ཡོད་པ་ཞིག་སྣང་གི་ཡོད་པ་རེད་དེ།སྣང་བ་ལྟར་དུ་གྲུབ་པ་མེད་བསམ་པ་ཞིག་རང་གི་ངང་གིས་ཡོང་བ་རེད།དེ་ལྟ་བུ་ཞིག་བྱུང་ན་སྒྱུ་མ་ལྟ་བུའི་ཉམས་ལེན་ཡོང་གི་ཡོད་པ་རེད། ཆོས་ཀུན་སྒྱུ་མར་ཤེས་པའི་བློས།། ཞེན་མེད་འཆིང་བ་ལས་གྲོལ་ཤོག། ཅེས་བདག་ཏུ་ཞེན་པའམ་བདག་ཏུ་འཛིན་པའི་འཛིན་པ་དེ་རིམ་གྱིས་ཆུང་དུ་ཕྱིན་ཏེ་མདོར་ན་སྲིད་པ་འཁོར་བར་འཆིང་བྱེད་ཀྱི་བདག་འཛིན་དེ་ལས་གྲོལ་བར་ཤོག་ཅེས་གསུངས་སོ།། ཅེས་པ་འདི་ནི་དགེ་བཤེས་གླང་ཐང་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་སེངྒེའི་གསུང་ངོ༌།། གླང་ཐང་ཚིག་བརྒྱད་འདི་ཉུང་ངུ་ཞིག་ལས་མེད་སྟབས་ཡང་ཡང་བཏོན་ན་ཡག་པོ་ཡོད་ཅིང༌།ལྷག་པར་ལྷོད་ལྷོད་དང་སྐྱིད་པོ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐབས་སུ་བཏོན་ན་ཡག་པོ་ཡོད་པ་རེད།ལྟོ་འགྲངས་ཉི་མས་དྲོས་ཚེ་ཆོས་པའི་གཟུགས།།ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་རེད།སྐྱིད་པོ་ཡོད་ན་གླང་ཐང་ཚིག་བརྒྱད་འདྲ་བཏོན།སྡུག་པོ་འདུག་ན་གླང་ཐང་ཚིག་བརྒྱད་དེ་ཕར་གཡུགས་ནས་རྒྱག་རེས་རྒྱབ་དགོས་བྱུང་ན་རྒྱག་རེས་རྒྱབ།ཕྲག་དོག་བྱེད་དགོས་བྱུང་ན་ཕྲག་དོག་བྱས།མི་མི་གོ་ཆོད་པ་ཞིག་བྱས།སྐྱིད་པོ་ཞིག་ཡོད་ན༑
བདག་ནི་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ།། ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུ་ལས་ལྷག་པའི།། 
ཞེས་འདོན་ན་མེད་པ་ལས་དྲག་གི་རེད།གླང་ཐང་ཚིག་བརྒྱད་ཀྱིས་བཤད་ལུང་མདོར་བསྡུས་འདིས་འཐུས་པ་དང༌།ང་ཆུང་ཆུང་སྐབས་ནས་བཟུང་ཉིན་ལྟར་གླང་ཐང་ཚིག་བརྒྱད་འདི་འདོན་གྱི་ཡོད།སེམས་ལ་ཕན་པོ་འདུགའདི་ཡང་ཡང་བཏོན་ན་ཡག་པོ་ཡོད་པ་རེད།སེམས་ལ་ཡང་ཡང་གོམས་འདྲིས་བསྟེན་ན་བློ་ལ་འགྱུར་བ་ཐེབས་ཀྱི་རེད།དེ་འདྲ་རེད་ཅེས་བཀའ་བསྩལ་ཏོ།།   །།</text>
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  <page>
    <title>མི་ཎི་ཡིག་དྲུག་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3553</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28584</id>
      <parentid>28560</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-10-10T14:53:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 28560 by [[Special:Contributions/Estcot|Estcot]] ([[User talk:Estcot|talk]]) -</comment>
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      <text bytes="14049" xml:space="preserve">མ་ཎིའི་འགྲེལ་བཤད་མདོར་བསྡུས་བཞུགས་སོ།།

སྒོམ་སྡེ་ལྷ་རམས་པས་མཛད།

ཨོཾ་མ་ཎི་པདྨེ་ཧཱུྃ།(ལེགས་སྦྱར) ॐ मणि पद्मे हूँཨོཾ་ལ་ཨ་ཨུ་མ་གསུམ་འདུས་པས།རྡོ་རྗེ་གསུམ་མམ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་གསུང་ཐུགས་གསུམ་མཚོན།(སྤྱིར་བཏང་ཨོཾ་ནི་པྲ་ཎ་མ་ཞེས་པ་རབ་བསྔགས་ཏེ་འདུད་པ་དང་ཕྱག་འཚལ་བའི་མཚོན་བྱེད་དང༌།གཞན་ཡང་བཀྲ་ཤིས་པ་དང་གཡང་གི་དོན་ནོ།།ཞིབ་པར་ཨོཾ་ཞེས་པའི་ཐད་དུ་གཟིགས)མ་ཎི་ནོར་བུ།པདྨ་ནི་མེ་ཏོག་པདྨ།མེ་ཞེས་པའི་རིང་ཆ་ནི་བྱིས་པས་མ་ལ་འབོད་པའི་ཚེ་གདངས་རིང་པོས་འབོད་པ་ལྟར།ཨེ་ཞེས་པ་རྣམ་དབྱེ་བརྒྱད་པ་འབོད་པའི་སྒྲ་ཡིན་པར་བཤད།ཧཱུྃ་ནི་བསྐུལ་བ་དང་འབོད་པའི་དོན་ཡིན་པར་གཞུང་མང་པོར་གསུངས་(གཞུང་འགའ་ཞིག་ཏུ་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་ས་བོན་ཡིན་པར་ཡང་གསུངས)པས།‑­ཀྱཻ་ནོར་བུ་པདྨ་ཅན་(ཞེས་ནོར་བུ་ཆུ་ཤེལ་གྱི་ཕྲེང་བ་དང་གསེར་གྱི་པདྨ་ཕྱག་མཚན་དུ་བསྣམས་པའི)ལྷའི་མཚན་ནས་བོས་ཏེ་བདག་ལ་སྐུ་གསུང་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་དངོས་གྲུབ་སྩོལ་ཅིག་ཅེས་ཐུགས་རྒྱུད་བསྐུལ་བའོ།།མ་ཎིའི་མཇུག་ཏུ་ཧྲཱིཿསྦྱོར་མི་དགོས་ཤིང༌།སྦྱར་ན་ཡི་གེ་བདུན་དུ་འགྲོ་ཞིང་འདི་ལ་རྒྱུད་སྡེ་རྣམས་སུ་གཟུངས་ཡི་གེ་དྲུག་པ་ཞེས་ཐ་སྙད་བྱེད་དེ།ཡི་གེ་དྲུག་གིས་སྦྱང་གཞི་འགྲོ་བ་རིགས་དྲུགསྦྱང་བྱ་དྲི་མ་དྲུག སྦྱོང་བྱེད་ལམ་ཕར་ཕྱིན་དྲུག སྦྱངས་འབྲས་རྒྱལ་བ་རིགས་ལྔ་དང་རྡོ་རྗེ་འཆང་སྟེ་རིགས་དྲུག་མཚོན།ཞིབ་ཏུ་བཤད་ན།(སྦྱང་གཞི་སེམས་ཅན)ཨོཾ་གྱིས་ལྷ་སྐྱེ་འཆིའི་(འཆི་ལྟས་སྐྱེས་ལྟས་ཀྱི)སྡུག་བསྔལ་སེལ།མ་ཡིས་ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་འཐབ་རྩོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཞི།ཎི་ཡིས་མི་སྐྱེ་རྒ་ན་འཆིའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་སེལ།པད་ཀྱིས་དུད་འགྲོ་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་སེལ།མེ་ཡིས་ཡི་དྭགས་བཀྲེས་སྐོམ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་སེལ།ཧཱུྃ་གིས་དམྱལ་བ་ཚ་གྲང་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་སེལ་ལོ།(སྦྱང་བྱ་དྲི་མ)ཨོཾ་གྱིས་(ལྷའི)ང་རྒྱལ།མ་ཡིས་(ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་གྱི)ཕྲག་དོགཎི་ཡིས་(མིའི)འདོད་ཆགས།པད་ཀྱིས་(དུད་འགྲོའི)གཏི་མུགམེ་ཡིས་(ཡི་དྭགས་ཀྱི)བརྣབ་སེམས།ཧཱུྃ་གིས་(དམྱལ་བའི)གནོད་སེམས་སམ་ཞེ་སྡང་མཚོན།(སྦྱོང་བྱེད་ལམ)ཨོཾ་གྱིས་སྦྱིན་པའི་ཕར་ཕྱིན།མ་ཡིས་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་ཕར་ཕྱིན།ཎི་ཡིས་བཟོད་པའི་ཕར་ཕྱིན།པད་ཀྱི་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་ཀྱི་ཕར་ཕྱིན།མེ་ཡིས་བསམ་གཏན་གྱིས་ཕར་ཕྱིན།ཧཱུྃ་གིས་ཤེས་རབ་ཕར་ཕྱིན་བཅས་མཚོན།(སྦྱང་འབྲས) (མ་ཎིའི་ཡིག་འབྲུ་རྣམས་དཀར་སེར་དམར་ལྗང་སྔོ་བའི་ཁ་དོག་སྣ་ཚོགས་སུ་བྱས་པ་འདི་མཛེས་ཆོས་ལྟ་བུ་མིན་པར་དེས་རྒྱལ་བ་རིགས་དྲུག་མཚོན་པའི་མཚོན་དོན་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཡོད་པར་ཤེས་དགོས་ཏེ)ཨོཾ་དཀར་པོས་རྣམ་སྣང་དཀར་པོ།མ་ལྗང་ཁུས་དོན་གྲུབ་ལྗང་ཁུ།ཎི་སེར་པོས་རིན་འབྱུང་སེར་པོ།པད་སྔོན་པས་(འོག་གི་ཧཱུྃ་སྔོན་པོ་དང་ཁྱད་པར་འབྱེད་པའི་ཕྱིར་བྲིས་ཆ་རྣམས་སུ་འདི་ཅུང་ཟད་དཀར་ཤས་ཆེ་བའི་སྔོན་པོར་འབྲི་སྲོལ་ཡོད)མི་བསྐྱོད་པ་སྔོན་པོ།མེ་དམར་པོས་འོད་དཔག་མེད་དམར་པོ།ཧཱུྃ་སྔོན་པོས་(ནག་ཤས་ཆེ་བའི་སྔོན་པོ)རྡོ་རྗེ་འཆང་སྔོན་པོ་མཚོན་པ་བཅས་སོ།།བསྒོམ་བཟླས་བྱ་ཚུལ་ནི།བླ་མ་དང་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་དབྱེར་མེད་དུ་སྒོམ་པའི་ཐུགས་ཀར་ཟླ་བའི་སྟེང་དུ་ཧྲཱིཿཡིག་དཀར་པོའི་(ཧྲཱིཿདཀར་པོས་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་མཚོན།དེ་ཡང༌།ཧྲཱིཿhriནི།ཐུགས་མཚོན་པའི་ཡི་གེ་ཞིག་སྟེ།ལེགས་སྦྱར་གྱི་ཧྲི་ད་ཡའི་བསྡུས་ཚིག་སྟེ།སྙིང་དང༌།སྙིང་པོ།སྙིང་གཐུགས་བཅས་ལ་འཇུགཀློག་ཚུལ་ནི་ཧི་རི་ཞེས་པ་ལྟ་བུར་བཀླག)མཐར་ཡིག་དྲུག་གིས་བསྐོར་བ་ལ་དམིགས་ཏེ་བསྒོམ་བཟླས་བྱ་དགོས།ཡང་།མ་ཎི་ཐབས་དང་།པདྨ་ཤེས་རབ།ཧཱུྃ་ཟུང་དུ་འཇུག་པ་སྟེ་ཐབས་ཤེས་ཟུང་འཇུག་ལ་སྦྱར་ནས་འགྲེལ་བཤད་བྱེད་ཚུལ་སོགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་གཞན‑­་ཡང་ཡོད་པས་འདི་ཁོ་ནར་མ་ངེས་སོ། ཨོཾ་གྱི་འགྲེལ་བཤད་ཞིབ་པར་ཨོཾ་ཞེས་པའི་ཐད་དུ་གཟིགས།༼ཨོཾ༽(ལེགས་སྦྱར) ❶ལེགས་སྦྱར་གྱི་ཨོཾ་ནི་གུས་འདུད་དང་ཕྱག་འཚལ་བ་མཚོན་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཡི་གེ་ཞིག་སྟེ།ལེགས་སྦྱར་གྱི་प्रणमः“པྲ་ཎ་མཿ”ཞེས་པ་རབ་སྔགས་ཏེ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་བ་དང་ཨོཾ་ཡིག་གི་དོན་ཡིན་པར།སཾ་བོད་སྐད་གཉིས་ཤན་སྦྱར་གསེར་གྱི་ཕྲེང་མཛེས་ལས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་དང་།བོད་པས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས་ཟེར་བའི་ཚོད་དུ་རྒྱ་གར་བ་རྣམས་འཚམས་འདྲི་བྱེད་ཚེ་པྲ་ཎམ་ཞེས་བརྗོད་པ་གུས་འདུད་དང་ཕྱག་འཚལ་བ་མཚོན་བྱེད་རེད།ཡང་།སྣར་ཐང་ལོ་ཙཱའི་སྔགས་ཀྱི་བཀླག་ཐབས་སུ།ཨོཾ་ནི་བཀྲ་ཤིས་པ་དང་གཡང་གི་དོན་དུ་བཤད་ཡོད།དཔལ་དུས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོའི་ས་གར་དང་མཆོད་གར་གྱི་སྔགས་དོན་བརྡ་བཀྲོལ་ཁུངས་ལྡན་བདུད་རྩིའི་ཟེགས་མ་ལས་ཀྱང་།ཨོཾ་ནི་སྔགས་ཀྱི་འགོ་འདྲེན་དང་བསྒྱུར་ན་རབ་སྔགས་སམ་སྲུངས་ཤིག་ཅེས་པའི་དོན་ཡིན་པར་བཤད།❷ཡང་།འདི་ལ་ནོར་བུ་འཛིན་པའི་སྔགས་ཞེས་ཀྱང་ཟེར།ཨོཾ་ལ་ཨ་ཨུ་མ་གསུམ་(འདི་ཅུང་ཟད་གོ་དཀའ་བའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ནི་བོད་ཡིག་ལ་ཨཱ་ལི་སྲོག་ཞུགས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་གཞག་མ་མཛད་པས།དེ་ནི་ལེགས་སྦྱར་གྱི་དབང་དུ་བྱས་པ་སྟེ།སི་ཏུ་འགྲེལ་ཆེན་གྱི་དབུར།ལེགས་སྦྱར་ལྟར་ཨ་ཨི་འདུས་པས་ཨེ་སོགས་སུ་འགྱུར་བར་ཁས་ལེན་དགོས་པའི་སྐྱོན་ཡང་ཡོད་པའི་ཕྱིར་རོ།།ཞེས་གསུངས་པསཤེས་པར་འགྱུར་ཏེ།དཔེར་ན་ཨ་དང་ཨུ་འདུས་པ་ལས།ཨོ་ཞེས་གྲུབ།ཨ་དང་ཨི་འདུས་པས། ཨེ་ཞེས་གྲུབ་པ་ལྟ་བུའོ)འདུས་པས། སྐུ་གསུང་ཐུགས་གསུམ་མཚོན།དེ་གསུམ་གཅིག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པའི་ཨོཾ་གྱིས་རྡོ་རྗེ་གསུམ་དབྱེར་མེད་མི་ཕྱེད་པ་མཚོན།སྔགས་དེའི་མཚོན་དོན་དྲན་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་ངག་ཏུ་བརྗོད་ན་བསོད་ནམས་མང་དུ་སྡུད་པས་ནོར་བུ་འཛིན་པའི་སྔགས་ཞེས་བརྗོད་དེ།རྒྱུད་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྩེ་མོ་ལས།ཨོཾ་ནི་ཅི་ཞིག་ཡིན་པར་བརྗོད།།མཆོག་དང་ནོར་དང་དཔལ་དང་གཡང་།།སྐལ་བཟང་རྣམ་པ་དང་ལྡན་ཞིང་།།དམ་བཅའ་བ་དང་བཀྲ་ཤིས་དོན།།ནོར་བུ་འཛིན་པའི་སྔགས་སུ་བརྗོད།།ཅེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་རོ།།ཡི་གེ་གསུམ་པོ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གསུམ་དུ་འཇོག་ཚུལ་སྐལ་ལྡན་གྲགས་པས་ཨ་མི་བསྐྱོད་པ།ཨུ་སྣང་མཐའ།མ་རྣམ་སྣང་དུ་བཞེད།ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་འགའ་ཞིག་གིས།ཨ་དྷེ་ཧ་ཙ་ལུས།ཨ་ཙ་ར་ངགཨཾ་མན་ཙ་ཡིད་དུ་འདོད་ཅེས་རྗེ་བདག་ཉིད་ཆེན་པོས་གསུངས་སོ།།ཞེས་དཔལ་དུས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོའི་ས་གར་དང་མཆོད་གར་གྱི་སྔགས་དོན་བརྡ་བཀྲོལ་ཁུངས་ལྡན་བདུད་རྩིའི་ཟེགས་མ་ལས་གསུངས་སོ།❸ཡང་།བཀྲ་ཤིས་པ་དང་གཡང་གི་དོན་ཡིན་པར་སྣང་ཐང་ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་གསུང་།འདི་འདོན་པ་རྣམས་ལ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་པ་སྟེ་བར་ཆད་མི་འབྱུང་ཞིང་།མངོན་པར་འདོད་པའི་དོན་འགྲུབ་པར།མཚོ་ཊཱིཀ་ན་གསལ།‑­ཡི་གེ་འདི་དང་ཨ་ཐ་ཞེས་པ་གཉིས་སྔོན་ལྷ་ཚངས་པའི་ཁུར་ཚོས་བརྡོལ་ཏེ་བྱུང་ཚུལ་ཡང་དེའི་ཐད་དུ་གསལ།</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ཕྱག་འཚལ་བའི་དགོས་པའི་དོན་</title>
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      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="22312" xml:space="preserve">སྒོམ་སྡེ་ལྷ་རམས་པས།

སྤྱིར་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ཞེས་པ་ནི།ལེགས་སྦྱར་དུ་ན་མ྄་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་སྟེ།གུས་འདུད་བྱེད་པའི་དོན་ཡིན།འདུད་ཅེས་པ་དུད་པའམ་སྒུར་སྒུར་བྱེད་པའི་དོན་ཡིན།ལེགས་སྦྱར་དུ་“ན་མ྄”འམ“པྲ་ཎ་མ྄”ཞེས་པ་སེམས་དང་བའི་སྒོ་ནས་ལུས་དུད་པའམ་སྒུར་སྒུར་བྱེད་པ་ལ་ཟེར།༼ཕྱག་འཚལ་བའི་དགོས་པ་ནི༽དེ་ནི་གཙོ་བོ་ང་རྒྱལ་གྱི་གཉེན་པོ་ཡིན་པས་ང་རྒྱལ་ཆུང་དུ་གཏོང་བའི་ཆེད་ཡིན།བཀའ་གདམས་པ་དགེ་བཤེས་རྣམས་ཀྱིས།ང་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྒང་བུ་ལ།ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་ཆུ་མི་ཆགས།ཞེས་ང་རྒྱལ་ནི་རང་རྒྱུད་ལ་ཡོན་ཏན་སྐྱེ་བའི་གེགས་ཀྱི་གཙོ་བོ་ཡིན་པར་གསུངས་པས་དེའི་གཉེན་པོ་བསྟེན་པ་གལ་ཆེའོ།།༼ཕྱག་འཚལ་ཚུལ་ནི༽ཐལ་མོ་བཅར་ལེབ་སྦྱར་ན་མུ་སྟེགས་པའི་ལུགས་ཡིན་པས་མི་རུང་།ཁོང་སྟོང་བྱས་ལ་མཐེ་བོང་གཉིས་ནང་དུ་བཅུག་ནས་ཐལ་མོ་ནོར་བུའི་དབྱིབས་ལྟར་བྱས་ཏེ།རང་གི་སྤྱོ་བོ།མགྲིན་པ།སྙིང་གའི་གནས་གསུམ་ལ་སྦྱར་དགོས།དེ་ནི་སྒོ་གསུམ་གུས་པས་འདུད་པའི་མཚོན་དོན་རེད།ཡང་ན།སྤྱི་བོ་ལ་སྦྱར་བས་སྐུའི་ཡོན་ཏན།མགྲིན་པར་སྦྱར་བས་གསུང་གི་ཡོན་ཏན།སྙིང་གར་སྦྱར་བས་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་འགྲུབ་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་དང་།ཡང་སྤྱི་བོ།དཔྲལ་བ།མགྲིན་པ།སྙིང་ག་སྟེ་གནས་བཞིར་སྦྱར་བའི་དབང་དུ་བྱས་ན།དཔྲལ་བར་སྦྱར་བས་སྐུའི་མཛོད་སྤུ་འགྲུབ་པའི་བག་ཆགས་འཇོག་མཁས་པ་འགས།ཐལ་མོའི་ཁོང་སྟོང་གི་ཆོས་སྐུ་དང་།ནོར་བུ་དབྱིབས་ཀྱིས་གཟུགས་སྐུ་མཚོནཔར་ཡང་གསུང་ངོ་།།ཕྱག་འཚལ་བའི་ཚེ་སྐྱབས་ཡུལ་རང་གི་བླ་མའམ།རྒྱལ་བ་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་སོགས་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པ་སྐུ་གསོན་པོར་བཞུགས་ཡོད་སྙམ་པ་བྱས་ཏེ།བླ་མ་ལ་སྐྱབས་སུ་མཆིའོ།།སངས་རྒྱས་ལ་སྐྱབས་སུ་མཆིའོ།། ཆོས་ལ་སྐྱབས་སུ་མཆིའོ།།དགེ་འདུན་ལ་སྐྱབས་སུ་མཆིའོ།།ཞེས་པའི་སྐྱབས་འགྲོ་བཞི་སྐོར་མ་འདི་བཏོན་ནས་ཕྱག་བྱ་བའམ།ཡང་ན།≪སྤྱི་བཤགས≫ཨུ་ཧུ་ལགས།བླ་མ་རྡོ་རྗེ་འཛིན་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཕྱོགས་བཅུ་ན་བཞུགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་དང་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ཐམས་ཅད་དང་།དགེ་འདུན་བཙུན་པ་རྣམས་བདག་ལ་དགོངས་སུ་གསོལ།བདག་མིང་(རང་མིང་གིས་སྨོས)འདི་ཞེས་བགྱི་བས་ཚེ་རབས་འཁོར་བ་ཐོག་མ་མ་མཆིས་པ་ནས་ད་ལྟ་ལ་ཐུག་གི་བར་དུ།ཉོན་མོངས་པ་འདོད་ཆགས་དང་ཞེ་སྡང་དང་གཏི་མུག་གི་དབང་གིས་ལུས་ངག་ཡིད་གསུམ་གྱི་སྒོ་ནས་སྡིག་པ་མི་དགེ་བ་བཅུ་བགྱིས་པ་དང་།མཚམས་མ་མཆིས་པ་ལྔ་བགྱིས་པ་དང་།དེ་དང་ཉེ་བ་ལྔ་བགྱིས་པ་དང་།སོ་སོར་ཐར་པའི་སྡོམ་པ་དང་འགལ་བ་དང་།བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་བསླབ་པ་དང་འགལ་བ་དང་།གསང་སྔགས་ཀྱི་དམ་ཚིག་དང་འགལ་བ་དང་།ཕ་དང་མ་ལ་མ་གུས་པ་དང་།མཁན་པོ་དང་སློབ་དཔོན་ལ་མ་གུས་པ་དང་།གྲོགས་ཚངས་པར་མཚུངས་པར་སྤྱོད་པ་རྣམས་ལ་མ་གུས་པ་དང་།དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལ་གནོད་པའི་ལས་བགྱིས་པ་དང་།དམ་པའི་ཆོས་སྤངས་པ་དང་།འཕགས་པའི་དགེ་འདུན་ལ་སྐུར་བ་བཏབ་པ་དང་།སེམས་ཅན་ལ་གནོད་པའི་ལས་བགྱིས་པ་ལ་སོགས་པ།སྡིག་པ་མི་དགེ་བའི་ཚོགས་བདག་གིས་བགྱིས་པ་དང་།བགྱིད་དུ་སྩལ་བ་དང་།གཞན་གྱིས་བགྱིས་པ་ལ་རྗེས་སུ་ཡི་རང་བ་ལ་སོགས་པ།མདོར་ན་མཐོ་རིས་དང་ཐར་པའི་གེགས་སུ་གྱུར་ཅིང་འཁོར་བ་དང་ངན་སོང་གི་རྒྱུར་གྱུར་པའི་ཉེས་ལྟུང་གི་ཚོགས་ཅི་མཆིས་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་བླ་མ་རྡོ་རྗེ་འཛིན་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཕྱོགས་བཅུ་ན་བཞུགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་དང་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ཐམས་ཅད་དང་།དགེ་འདུན་བཙུན་པ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་སྤྱན་སྔར་མཐོལ་ལོ།།མི་འཆབ་བོ།།འཆགས་སོ།།ཕྱིན་ཆད་ཀྱང་སྡོམ་པར་བགྱིད་ལགས་སོ།།མཐོལ་ཞིང་བཤགས་ན་བདག་བདེ་བ་ལ་རེག་པར་གནས་པར་འགྱུར་གྱི།མ་མཐོལ་མ་བཤགས་ན་ནི་མི་འགྱུར་རོ།།ཞེས་རང་གིས་ཐོགས་མེད་ནས་བསགས་པའི་སྡིག་སྒྲིབ་སྤྱི་དང་།ལྷག་པར་ཚེ་འདིར་བསགས་པའི་སྡིག་སྒྲིབ་རྣམས་དྲན་པར་བྱས་ཏེ།སྔར་བྱས་ལ་འགྱོད་སེམས་དྲག་པོ་དང་།ཕྱིན་ཆད་སྲོག་ལ་བབས་ཀྱང་མི་བྱེད་སྙམ་པའི་ངུ་འཆོར་བའི་ཚོད་ཙམ་གྱི་འགྱོད་བཤགས་དྲག་པོ་བྱས་ན་གཉེན་པོ་ཧ་ཅང་སྟོབས་ཆེ་བས་སྡིག་སྒྲིབ་ངེས་པར་འདག་གོ།དེ་ཡང་རང་གི་སྐྱེ་བ་སྔ་མ་དང་ཕྱི་མའི་སེམས་ཅན་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པ་དེ་དག་ད་ལྟ་སྨྲ་ཤེས་དོན་གོ་མིའི་རྣམ་པར་གསལ་བཏབ་སྟེ་རང་གིས་ཕྱག་བྱས་པ་དང་མཉམ་དུ་དེ་དག་གིས་ཀྱང་།འུར་ཆིལ་ལེར་སྐྱབས་འགྲོ་འདོན་ཞིང་ཕྱག་འཚལ་བའི་མོས་པ་བྱས་ན་རང་གི་ལུས་ཀྱིས་ནོན་པའི་ས་འོག་གི་རྡུལ་གྱི་གྲངས་དང་མཉམ་པའི་བསོད་ནམས་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པ་འཐོབ་པར་གསུངས་སོ།།ཡང་ལམ་རིམ་སྒོམ་བསྒྲུབ་བྱེད་མཁན་ཞིག་ཡིན་ན།རྗེའི་ཡོན་ཏན་གཞིར་གྱུར་མའམ།ཡང་ན་གུང་ཐང་རིན་པོ་ཆེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར།སངས་རྒྱས་ཐམས་ཅད་འདུས་པའི་སྐུ།།རྡོ་རྗེ་འཛིན་པའི་ངོ་བོ་ཉིད།།དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་གྱི་རྩ་བ་སྟེ།།བླ་མ་རྣམས་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ།།ཕུན་ཚོགས་དགེ་ལེགས་བྱེ་བས་བསྐྲུན་པའི་སྐུ།།མཐའ་ཡས་འགྲོ་བའི་རེ་བ་སྐོང་བའི་གསུང་།།མ་ལུས་ཤེས་བྱ་ཇི་བཞིན་གཟིགས་པའི་ཐུགས།།ཤཱཀྱའི་གཙོ་བོ་དེ་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ།།ཞེས་སོགས་རྗེའི་ལམ་རིམ་ཉམས་མགུར་རམ།ཡང་ན་རྗེའི་ལམ་རིམ་བླ་མ་བརྒྱུད་པའི་གསོལ་འདེབས་(རྗེ་རིན་པོ་ཆེས་བྱང་རྭ་སྒྲེང་གི་བྲག་སེང་གེ་འདྲ་བའི་ཞོལ་དུ་གསོལ་འདེབས་འདི་ལྗགས་རྩོམ་མཛད་སྐབས།ཇོ་འབྲོམ་གཉིས་སོགས་ལམ་རིམ་གྱི་བརྒྱུད་པའི་བླ་མ་ཀུན་གྱི་ཞལ་གཟིགས་པས།བྱིན་རླབས་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཆེ་བར་གྲགས) ≪ལམ་མཆོག་སྒོ་འབྱེད≫ཅེས་བྱ་བ་འདིའི་གསོལ་བ་འདེབས་ཞེས་པ་ཚིག་སྣ་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ཞེས་པར་བཏོན་ན་ལེགས་པར་གསུངས།ཕྱག་གྲངས་གསོག་བྱེད་ན།གུང་ཐང་རིན་པོ་ཆེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར།ཐོག་མར།ན་མོ་མཉྫུ་ཤྲཱི་ཡེ།ན་མཿསུ་ཤྲཱི་ཡེ།ན་མོ་ཨུཏྟ་མ་ཤྲཱི་ཡེ་སྭཧཱ།ཞེས་པའི་ཕྱག་སྟོང་འགྱུར་གྱི་སྔགས་འདི་ལན་གསུམ་ཙམ་བརྗོད་ན་ལེགས།ཕྱག་དེ་སྡིག་སྒྲིབ་སྦྱོང་བ་ལ་གཙོ་བོར་དམིགས་པ་ཞིག་ཡིན་ན།ལྟུང་བཤགས་དང་འབྲེལ་ནས་གྲངས་གསོག་བྱེད་ན་སྡིག་སྒྲིབ་འདག་པ་ལ་གནད་ཆེའོ།།ཕྱག་འཚལ་བའི་ཚེ་ཝ་འཁྱུག་པ་ལྟར་ལྡང་བ་མྱུར་བ་ཞིག་དགོས།དེ་ལའང་གནད་ཅིག་ཡོད་དེ།སྤྱིར་ཕྱག་འཚལ་བས་ངན་སོང་དུ་མི་སྐྱེ་ཞིང་།སྐྱེས་ཀྱང་མྱུར་དུ་ཐར་བའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཡོད།ཡང་ཕྱག་འབུལ་ཚེ་དཔྲལ་བ་ས་ལ་མི་ཐུག་པར་སྒུར་ཙམ་སྒུར་ཙམ་བྱས་ན་དམྱལ་བ་མགོ་འཕྱངས་སུ་སྐྱེ་ཞིང་།ཐར་ནས་ཀྱང་སྒུར་སྐྱོན་དུ་སྐྱེ་བར།རྗེ་གུང་ཐང་པ་གསུང་ངོ་།།༼ཕྱག་འཚལ་བའི་ཕན་ཡོན་ནི༽བཅུ་སྟེ།༡གཟུགས་བཟང་ལ་མདོག་གསེར་གྱི་ཁ་དོག་ལྟ་བུར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༢མཛེས་ཤིང་མིག་ཏུ་སྡུག་པར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༣སྐད་སྙན་ཞིང་སྨྲ་བ་སྙན་པར་བཟུང་བའི་ཚིག་ཏུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༤བག་ཚ་བ་མེད་པར་འཁོར་གྱི་ནང་དུ་འགྲོ་བ་དང།༥ལྷ་དང་མི་རྣམས་དགའ་བར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༦གཟི་བརྗིད་ཆེན་པོར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༧གང་ཟག་ནི་འདི་ལྟ་སྟེ།སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་རྣམས་དང།བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རྣམས་དང།སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཉན་ཐོས་རྣམས་དང་འགྲོགས་པར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༨ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཆེ་བར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༩མཐོ་རིས་སུ་སྐྱེ་བར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༡༠མྱུར་དུ་ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདའ་བ་སྟེ།དེ་དག་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་མཆོད་རྟེན་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་བའི་ཕན་ཡོན་ནོ། །ཞེས་རྗེ་གུང་ཐང་པས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་དང་།ཕན་ཡོན་གཞན་ཡང་འདི་ལྟར།སྡིག་སྒྲིབ་སྦྱོང་ཞིང་ཚོགས་གསོག་པ་དང་།ཚེ་འདིར་ཡང་བད་ཀན་དང་།སྐྲན་ནད།སྙིང་ནད།ཕོ་བའི་ནད་སོགས་ལས་གྲོལ་ཏེ་ལུས་ཁམས་བདེ་ཐང་དུ་གྱུར་ནས་ཚེ་རིང་པོར་འཚོ་བ་དང་།བོད་པའི་ངག་རྒྱུན་ལ།ཕྱག་མང་པོ་འཚལ་མཁན་ལ་སྐྲན་ནད་(ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་བས་“ཁེན་སར”ཟེར་བ་འདི)མི་འབྱུང་ཞེས་བཤད་སྲོལ་ཡོད།དེ་ནི་བདེན་པར་འདུག་སྟེ།ཕྱག་འབུམ་ཐེར་འགའ་ཤས་བཙལ་ནས་སྐྲན་ནད་སེང་དྲག་སོང་བའི་གྲྭ་པ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དངོས་སུ་མཐོང་ཐོས་བྱུང་།གཞན་ཡང་ངེད་ཀྱི་དགེ་ཕྲུག་ཅིག་ཕོ་ནད་ཀྱིས་ཡུན་རིང་མནར་ཏེ་སྨན་བཅོས་ཇི་ཙམ་བྱས་ཀྱང་མ་ཕན་པར།མཐར་གནས་མཆོག་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་དུ་ཕྱག་འབུམ་ཐེར་འགའ་ཤས་བཙལ་ཏེ་སེང་དྲག་སོང་ནས་གདོང་གི་ཤ་མདོག་ཀྱང་ཤིན་ཏུ་ལེགས་པར་གྱུར།འདི་དག་ནི་དངོས་ཡོད་གནས་ཚུལ་ཡིན་པས་སུས་ཀྱང་བསྙོན་དུ་ག་ལ་ཡོད།ཕྱག་དབྱེ་ན།བསྐུམ་ཕྱག་དང་བསྐྱང་ཕྱག་གཉིས་ཡོད། བསྐུམ་ཕྱག་ནི། ཡན་ལག་ལྔའི་ཕྱག་ཅེས་པ།དཔྲལ་བ།ལག་མཐིལ་གཉིས།པུས་མོ་གཉིས་བཅས་ལྔ་ས་ལ་གཏུགས་ཏེ་ཕྱག་བྱ་བ་ལ་ཟེར།བསྐྱང་ཕྱག་ནི།ལུས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཤིང་སྡོང་འགྱེལ་བ་ལྟར་ཁ་སྦུབ་ཏུ་ས་ལ་ཕབ་སྟེ།ལག་པ་གཉིས་ཐད་ཀར་བསྐྱངས་ཏེ་མགོ་བོའི་ཐད་དུ་ཐལ་མོ་སྦྱར་བ་དང་མཉམ་དུ་དཔྲལ་བ་ས་ལ་གཏུགས་པ་ལ་ཟེར།ཡང་དེ་ལ་དབྱེ་ན།ལུས་ཀྱི་ཕྱགངག་གི་ཕྱགཡིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་དང་གསུམ་མོ།།ཡང་ཕྱག་ནི་རྣམ་པ་གཉིས་ཏེ།ཡན་ལག་ལྔས་འཚལ་བ་དང་།སྒྱིད་པ་ལ་འཁྱུད་པས་འཚལ་བའོ།།ཡན་ལག་ལྔའི་ཕྱག་ནི།བསྐུམ་ཕྱག་དང་འདྲ།སྒྱིད་པ་ལ་འཁྱུད་པའི་ཕྱག་ནི།མདུན་དུ་ཙོག་པོར་འདུག་སྟེ་ཐལ་མོ་སྦྱར་ནས།ཕ་རོལ་པོའི་རྐང་པའི་མཁྲིག་མ་གཉིས་ལ་ལག་མཐིལ་གཉིས་འཁྱུད་དེ་རྐང་པ་ལ་སྤྱི་བོས་གཏུགས་པའོ།།སྒྱིད་པ་ལ་འཁྱུད་པའི་ཕྱག་གི་སྐོར་འདི་མཚོ་ཊཱིཀ་སྨད་ཆ་དགེ་སློང་མའི་རྣམ་འབྱེད་ན་གསལ།༼ཕྱག་འཚལ་བའི་སྒྲ་བཤད་ནི༽ཕྱག་ཐལ་མོ་དང་།འཚལ་བ་ནི་འབུལ་བ་སྟེ།ཕྱག་འབུལ་ཞུ་བའི་དོན་དུ་འདོད་པ་དང་།ཡང་ཕྱག་ཅེས་པ་བྱང་བ་དང་།འཚལ་བ་འདོད་པའི་དོན་ལ་སྦྱར་ནས།རང་རྒྱུད་ཀྱི་སྡིག་སྒྲིབ་བྱང་ཞིང་།སྐྱབས་ཡུལ་གྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་འདོད་པའི་དོན་དུ་བཤད་པ་དང་།ཡང་།འགའ་རེས།འཚལ་བ་འབུལ་བའི་དོན་དུ་བྱས་ནས།རང་ཉིད་སྐྱབས་ཡུལ་གྱི་ཕྱག་ཏུ་འབུལ་བའི་དོན་དུ་བཤད་པ་སོགས་མང་།ཁོ་བོ་ལྟར་ན།ཕྱག་ནི་འདུད་པ།འཚལ་བ་ནི་བྱེད་པའི་དོན་ཏེ།འདུད་པ་བྱེད་ཅེས་པའི་དོན་ནོ།།འཚལ་ཞེས་པ་བྱེད་པ་་ལ་འཇུག་པ་ནི།འདུལ་བ་ལུང་གཞི་ལས།ལྷ་བཀའ་བཞིན་འཚལ་ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟ་བུའོ།།ཞིབ་ཏུ་བཤད་ན།ཕྱག་ནི་ལག་པའི་ཞེ་ས།འཚལ་བ་ནི་བྱེད་པའམ་བགྱིད་པའི་དོན་ཏེ།ལུས་པོ་དུད་དེ་ལག་པས་སྐྱབས་ཡུལ་གྱི་ཞབས་ལ་རེག་ཅིང་གཏུག་པར་བྱེད་པས་ན་དེ་སྐད་ཅེས་བྱའོ།།དེང་སང་ཡང་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་ཡུལ་སྲོལ་ལ་རང་གི་ཕ་མ་དང་རྒན་རབས་སོགས་ཀྱི་རྐང་པར་ལག་པས་གཏུགས་ཏེ་ཕྱག་བྱ་བའི་སྲོལ་མ་ཉམས་པར་མཐོང་རྒྱུ་ཡོད་ཅིང་།ཡ་རབས་ཀྱི་སྤྱོད་ཚུལ་འདི་ནི།རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་གོམས་སྲོལ་ཞིག་སྟེ།འཛམ་གླིང་གི་ཡུལ་གྲུ་གང་དུའང་མཐོང་རྒྱུ་མེད་དོ།།འདི་ཉིད་ལ་དཔེ་བླངས་ཏེ་བོད་ཀྱི་ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་ཆེན་པོ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས།ཕྱག་བྱེད་པའམ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ཞེས་པའི་ཚིག་འདི་བཟོས་པར་སེམས་སོ།།</text>
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      <text bytes="1982" xml:space="preserve">བོད་ཀྱི་ལོ་ཐོའི་སྟེང་སོ་ནམ་འཁོར་ལོ་དང་ཐོང་གཤོལ་འཁོར་ལོ་ཞེས་རི་མོ་གཉིས་བཀོད་ཡོད་ཅིང་། ཐོང་གཤོལ་འཁོར་ལོའི་སྟེང་གི་ཨང་ཀི་ཡང་རྒྱུ་སྐར་ཉེར་བདུན་མཚོན་བྱེད་ཡིན་ཞིང་། ཉི་མས་འཁྱུད་པའི་སྐར་མ་ནས་གཤོལ་ལྕགས་ཀྱི་རྩེ་ལ་གཉིས་བཀོད་དེ། ས་མཐོང་ལ་གསུམ། མི་མཐོང་ལ་གསུམ། འཆང་བཟུང་ལ་གཉིས། གཤོལ་ཟླ་ལ་བཅུ། གཉའ་ཤིང་ལ་བརྒྱད་བཀོད་དེ། ཟླ་བ་རྒྱུ་སྐར་ཉེར་བདུན་གྱི་གཞི་ཁྱོན་གང་དུ་གནས་པའི་སྐར་མ་དེ་གཤོལ་ལྕགས་ཀྱི་རྩེ་གཉིས་ལ་སོང་ན་བཙའ་ཡིས་འཁྱེར་བ་ཐེ་ཚོམ་མེད་པ་དང་། ས་མཐོང་གསུམ་ལ་སོང་ན་ལོ་ལེགས་ཀྱང་སྲོག་ཆགས་ལ་སྡང་བ། མི་མཐོང་གསུམ་ལ་སོང་ན་འབྲུ་རིགས་འཕེལ་ཞིང་ལེགས་པ། འཆང་བཟུང་ལ་སོང་ན་ལོ་ནད་འབྱུང་བ། གཉའ་ཤིང་ལ་སོང་ན་དགྲ་ཡིས་འཇོམས་པའི་དོགས་པ། གཤོལ་ཟླ་བཅུ་ལ་སོང་ན་བཏང་སྙོམས་བྱེད་པ་སོགས་ངོ་སྤྲོད་རགས་ཙམ་ཞུས་པའོ། །</text>
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      <text bytes="2077" xml:space="preserve">སོ་ནམ་འཁོར་ལོ། བོད་ཀྱི་ལོ་ཐོའི་སྟེང་སོ་ནམ་འཁོར་ལོ་དང་ཐོང་གཤོལ་འཁོར་ལོ་ཞེས་རི་མོ་གཉིས་བཀོད་ཡོད་ཅིང་། སོ་ནམ་འཁོར་ལོ་ནི་རྩ་བ་གསུམ་དང་། རྩེ་མོ་དགུ འཕྲེད་དུ་རེ་ཁཱ་གསུམ་གྱིས་བཅད་ཅིང་། གཡས་དང་གཡོན་དུ་ཡན་ལག་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཏེ་རི་མོའི་སྟེང་བཀོད་པའི་ཨང་ཀི་རྣམས་རྒྱུ་སྐར་ཉེར་བདུན་གྱི་མཚོན་བྱེད་ཡིན་པ་དང་། ཉི་མས་འཁྱུད་པའི་སྐར་མ་དེ་ཏྲི་ཤུ་(རྩེ་གསུམ་ཡོད་པ་དེ་ལ་ཟེར)དབུས་མའི་རྩེ་མོར་བཀོད་དེ་དེ་ནས་རིམ་བཞིན་སྐར་མ་གཡས་སྐོར་དུ་བཀོད་མོད། མཐའ་མའི་སྐར་མ་བཞི་པོ་བར་གྱི་འཛོམས་བཞིར་གཡས་སྐོར་འགོད་པ་དང་། ཟླ་བ་རྒྱུ་སྐར་ཉེར་བདུན་གྱི་གཞི་ཁྱོན་གང་དུ་གནས་པའི་སྐར་མ་དེ་རྩེ་མོ་དགུ་ལ་སོང་ན་ལོ་འདིར་ལོ་ཏོག་འཕེལ་བ་དང་། རྩ་བ་གསུམ་ལ་སོང་ན་འབྲས་བུ་མེད་པ། བར་གྱི་འཛོམས་བཞིར་སོང་ན་བཏང་སྙོམས་སུ་ལུས་པ། ཡམ་ལག་བཅུ་གཉིས་ལ་སོང་ན་བདེ་ལེགས་འབྱུང་བ་ཡིན་ནོ།</text>
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  <page>
    <title>རྒྱ་ནག་གླང་རྩིས་</title>
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      <timestamp>2013-08-17T16:27:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tsebho</username>
        <id>2120</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;བོད་ཀྱི་སྐར་རྩིས་རིག་པའི་ནང་གསེས་ཤིག་སྟེ་ལོ་ཐོའི་རྩི་སྟངས་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="9087" xml:space="preserve">བོད་ཀྱི་སྐར་རྩིས་རིག་པའི་ནང་གསེས་ཤིག་སྟེ་ལོ་ཐོའི་རྩི་སྟངས་ཞིག། སྐར་ནག་རྩིས་རིག་པའི་གནས་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་ཉི་ཟླ་གཟའ་སྐར་གྱི་རྒྱུ་འགྲོས་གསལ་རྟོགས་ཀྱིས་ནམ་ཟླ་དུས་བཞིའི་འགྱུར་བའི་ཚུལ་རྣམས་ཚན་རིག་དང་མཐུན་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་མ་འོངས་སྔོན་དཔག་བྱུང་སྟེ་གླང་དང་གླང་རྫིའི་གཟུགས་རིས་བརྒྱུད་ནས་གསལ་སྟོན་བྱེད་པ་ཞིག་གོ། གླང་དང་རྫི་བོའི་གཟུགས་རིས་ལས་ཚན་རིག་དང་མཐུན་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་མ་འོངས་འབྱུང་འགྱུར་སྟོན་པའི་ལུང་དེར་ཟེར་ཞིང་། དེ་ཡང་ཁྱུ་མཆོག་སྟེ་གླང་གི་ཁ་དོག མགོ རྭ། རྣ། སུག་བཞི། ཕོ་བའི་ཁ་དོག སོ་དང་མཚུལ་པའི་ཁ་དོག མཇུག་མ་གཡོབ་ཚུལ། རྫི་བོའི་སྐེད་རགས། ལྟག་སྐྲ། རྫི་བོའི་ལྷམ་གྱོན་མིན། གླང་རྫི་རྒན་བྱིས་དར་གསུམ་དང་དལ་བྲེལ། ལྕག་འབྲས། ས་ལ་གླང་དང་དགུང་སྔོན་གཡུ་འབྲུག་གི་གྲངས་སོགས་ལས་ལོ་འདིར་སྐྱེ་བོ་རྒན་བྱིས་དར་གསུམ་དང་། ཕྱུགས་རིགས་ལ་བཟང་རྩུབ་དང་ལོ་ཏོག་རྩི་ཤིང་ལ་སད་སེར་བཙའ་ཐན་ཆར་ཞོད་ཆེ་ཆུང་སོགས་གང་འདྲ་འབྱུང་མིན་མ་འོངས་ལུང་དུ་བསྟན་པ་དེའོ། གཤམ་དུ་གླང་གི་འོག་གི་ཨང་ཀི་4ནི་གླང་གྲངས་མཚོན་བྱེད་དང་། འབྲུག་གི་འོག་གི་ཨང་ཀི་7ནི་འབྲུག་གི་གྲངས་མཚོན་བྱེད་ཡིན། ས་གླང་བརྟག་པའི་འབྲས་བུ་ལས། གླང་རྫིའི་ན་ཚོད་ནི། སྟག་སྤྲེལ་ཕག་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་ལ་རྒན་པོ་དང་། བྱི་རྟ་བྱ་ཡོས་ལོ་ལ་དར་མ་སྟེ། ཁྱི་འབྲུག་གླང་ལུག་ལོ་ལ་བྱིས་པ་ཡིན། གླང་རྫི་རྒན་བྱིས་དར་གསུམ་རྟོགས་པར་འགྱུར། ། ཞེས་སོ། གླང་གི་ཁ་དོག་ལྗང་ཁུ་ཡིན་ན་རླུང་དང་ལྗོན་ཤིང་དང་། ལོ་མ་ལྗང་ཁུའི་རིགས་རྣམས་རྒྱས་ཤིང་མི་ཕྱུགས་དལ་ལ་རླུང་ནད་འབྱུང་པའི་ངོའོ། གླང་གི་ཁ་དོག་དམར་པོ་ཡིན་ཡིན་ན་བཙའ་ཐན་ཚད་ཀྱི་ངོ་དང་འབྲུ་བོངས་ཆུང་། གློ་བུར་སེར་རྒོད་འབེབས་ཤིང་གློག་ཀྱང་འཁྱུག ། གླང་གི་ཁ་དོག་དཀར་པོ་ཡིན་ན་སད་སེར་བཀྲེས་དབུལ་དང་། ཤི་ཆད་གཉན་སྐྲངས་ལྷོག་རྒོད་འབྱུང་། གླང་གི་ཁ་དོག་ནག་པོ་ཡིན་ན་ཆར་རྒྱུན་བཟང་ཞིང་། སྔོ་ལྡུམ་མེ་ཏོག་བཀྲག་མདངས་ཆེ། བད་ཀླུང་གྲང་བའི་ནད་ལྡང་ངོ་། གླང་གི་ཁ་དོག་སེར་པོ་ཡིན་ན། མེ་ཏོག་རྩི་ཤིང་རྒྱས་པ་དང་། འབྲུ་འཕེལ་ཞིང་སྐྱེ་བོ་རྣམས་དགའ་བདེར་སྤྱོད་པ་ཡིན། འོན་ཀྱང་འདུས་པའི་ནད་ཀྱི་ཅུང་ཟད་ཉེན་ནོ། གླང་རྫི་རྒན་པོ་ཡིན་ན་ལོ་དེར་རྒན་པོ་བདེ་ཞིང་གཞོན་ལ་རྩུབ་པ་དང་། བྱིས་པར་ཤིན་ཏུ་རྩུབ། གླང་རྫི་དར་མ་ཡིན་ན་ལོ་དེར་ན་གཞོན་བདེ་ཞིང་བྱིས་པར་རྩུབ། རྒན་པོ་དག་ལ་ལྷག་པར་རྩུབ། བྱིས་པ་ཡིན་ན་ལོ་དེར་བྱིས་པ་བདེ་ལ་རྒན་པོར་ནད་མང་། དར་མ་ངན། གཞན་ཡང་སོ་སོར་ནད་སོགས་གང་གིས་གནོད་མིན་ནི་རྫི་བོའི་ཁ་དོག་ལས་ཤེས་པ་ཡིན། རྫི་བོའི་སྐྲ་གཙུག་ཏུ་བཅིངས་ན་མཆོག་ཏུ་དགེ་ཞིང་རྒྱལ་ཁམས་ལྷ་ཡི་དཔལ་ལ་བསྙེགས་པ་ལྟར་ལེགས་པ། ལྟག་སྐྲ་གཉིས་ཀ་སྔོན་དུ་འཕྱང་ནའང་བཟང་པ། གླང་རྫིས་འཁྱེར་བའི་ལྕག་འབྲས་སོ་མ་ར་ཙ་ཡིན་ན་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཆད་པ་དང་དམག་ཇག་རྒོད། རས་སྐུད་དང་རྩྭ་ཐག་ཡིན་ན་བློན་དབང་ཆེ། དར་སྐུད་ཡིན་ན་འབངས་ཀྱིས་རྒྱལ་ལ་རྒོལ་ཡང་སྲིད། རྐང་རྗེན་ཡིན་ན་སྐྱེ་རྒུའི་བདེ་སྐྱིད་དལ་བ། རྫི་བོས་ལྷམ་གྱོན་ཡོན་ན་ཆར་ཆུ་ཆེ་སྐྱེ་རྒུ་བྲེལ་བ་ཚ། རྐང་པ་གཡས་པར་ལྷམ་གྱོན་ཡོད་ན་ཕོ་བྲེལ་བ་ཚ་བ་དང་བུད་མེད་དལ་བ། གཡོན་གྱོན་གཡས་ཕུད་པ་ན་བུད་མེད་བྲེལ་བ་ཚ་ལ་ཕོ་དལ་བ་ཡིན་ཟེར། གླང་གི་སོ་མཚུལ་ནི་ཕོ་ལོར་ཁ་གདངས་མཇུག་མ་གཡོན་ཕྱོགས་སུ་འཁྱིལ་བ་དང་། དེ་བཞིན་མོ་ལོར་ཁ་བཙུམ་སྟེ་མཇུག་མ་གཡས་སུ་དཀྲིས་པར་བཤད། གླང་གི་མཇུག་མ་གཡས་གཡོབ་ན་མི་ལ་བཟང་བ་དང་། ཕྱུགས་ལ་རྩུབ་པ། གཡོན་ན་གཡོབ་ན་དེ་ལས་ལྡོག་པ། ཁ་གདངས་ན་བཞོན་དང་ཕྲུ་གུ་འཕེལ་བ། བཙུམ་ན་དེ་ལས་ལྡོག་པ། གླང་ནི་ས་ཡི་གསོས་ཡིན་པས་གླང་གི་གྲངས་ཇི་ཙམ་མང་བ་ཡོད་ན་སོས་འཕར་སྔ་བ་དང་། ས་བཅུད་འཕེལ་ཞིང་དགེ སྟོན་མཇུག་རིང་ལ་འབྱོར་བ་རྒྱས། གླང་གྲངས་བརྒྱད་ཡན་ཡོད་ན་རབ་ལ་བརྩི་བ་དང་། བཞི་མན་ཡོད་ན་ཐ་མ་ཡིན། འབྲུག་གི་གྲངས་ནི་ཇི་ཙམ་མང་ན་ཆར་འབེབས་ཀྱང་ས་བཅུད་མཁའ་ལ་ཁུར་བས་ངན། འབྲུག་བརྒྱད་ཡན་ཡོད་ན་སེར་བས་འཇིག་པའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོད་པ། ལྔ་ཚུན་ཡོད་ན་ཆར་པ་དཀོན་པ། དྲུག་གམ་བདུན་ཡོན་ན་བཏང་སྙོམས་ཡིན་པ་སོགས་ཀྱི་རྗོགས་སོ།</text>
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    <title>རྩམ་པའི་ཕན་ནུས་</title>
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      <timestamp>2013-08-17T16:29:29Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;རྩམ་པ་ནི་མཐོ་སྒངས་སུ་སྐྱེས་པས་ནས་རིགས་རྔོས་ནས་ཞིབས་འཐག་བྱས...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2593" xml:space="preserve">རྩམ་པ་ནི་མཐོ་སྒངས་སུ་སྐྱེས་པས་ནས་རིགས་རྔོས་ནས་ཞིབས་འཐག་བྱས་པ་ཞིག་ཡིན་ལ། སྤྱིར་བོད་དུ་རྩམ་པ་ལ་ནས་རྩམ་དང་། གྲོ་རྩམ། སྲན་རྩམ་སོགས་རིགས་མང་པོ་ཡོད་པ་དང་། བོད་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་སུ་ཁྱབ་བརྡལ་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཆེ་བ་ནི་ནས་རྩམ་ཡིན། བོད་ཀྱི་གསོ་བ་རིག་པའི་སྨན་གཞུང་རྣམས་སུ་ནས་ནི་གྲ་མ་ཅན་གྱི་འབྲུ་ཡི་སྡེ་ལ་ངོས་འཛིན་པ་དང་། ནས་ལ་རིགས་མང་པོ་ཡོད་པ་དཔེར་ན། ནས་དཀར་དང་། ནས་སྔོན། ནས་ནག ནས་རྒོད་དམ་ནས་དམར་བཅས་ཡོད་ལ། ད་དུང་ཁྲ་མ་དང་། སོ་བ། ད་རྒན་སྟེ་ཡུག་པོ། སྲེ་ད་ཡང་ནས་ཀྱི་རིགས་སུ་འཇོག་ཚུལ་འདུག ནས་ཀྱི་ནུས་པ་ནི། ནས་དཀར་རྩུབ་བསིལ་ལྕི་མངར་ཁོང་ཅུང་འཁྲོག། བཤང་བའི་རླུང་འཕེལ་རོ་ཙ་བརྟས་པར་བྱེད།། གཅིན་ཚིལ་མཁྲིས་པ་བད་ཀན་ཆམ་པ་དང་།། ལུད་པ་དབུགས་མི་བདེ་བ་སེལ་བར་བྱེད།། ཅེས་དང་། ནས་སྔོན་བྱིས་གློ་ཚ་སུབ་རྒྱུ་གཟེར་སེལ།། ནས་ནག་རྨ་དང་ཤུ་བ་གདོན་ལ་ཕན།། ནས་རྒོད་གཞན་ལས་ཅུང་ཟད་དམན་པ་ཡིན།། ད་རྒན་ལྐོག་མའི་ནད་དང་པགས་ནད་སེལ།། སོ་བ་སྲེ་ད་བསིལ་ཡང བད་མཁྲིས་སེལ།། བུ་དང་ཟུག་རྔུ་འབྱིན་པར་བྱེད་པ་ཡིན།། ཞེས་སོགས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་རྩམ་པའི་ནུས་པ་བསམ་གྱིས་མི་ཁྱབ</text>
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    <title>ལྷ་ས་</title>
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[[File:Lhasa.png|thumb|]]

'''ལྷ་ས'''་ནི་། བོད་ཀྱི་ལྟེ་གནས་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ཡིན་ལ། [[བོད་རྒྱལ་སྲོང་བཙན]]་རྒྱལ་པོའི་དུས་ལ་[[དམར་པོ་རི]]འི་རྩེ་ལ་བརྩིགས་པ་རེད། འདི་ནི་བོད་ཀྱི་ཆབ་སྲིད་དང་། དཔལ་འབྱོར། རིག་གནས་ཀྱི་ལྟེ་གནས་ཡིན། སྔོ་ལྗང་ཅན་གྱི་ལྷ་ས་སྐྱིད་ཆུ་ནི་[[གཉན་ཆེན་ཐང་ལྷ]]འི་གངས་འཁྱག་བཞུ་བའི་ཆབ་རྒྱུན་ཡིན་ཞིང་དེ་ཉིད་ནགས་ཚལ་སྟུག་པའི་གྲོག་རོང་དང་། མུ་མཐའ་མེད་པའི་བྱང་ཐང་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ཆུ་ཤུར་ནས་[[ཡར་ཀླུང་གཙང་པོ]]་དང་འདྲེས་ཀྱི་ཡོད། གནའ་བོའི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ལྷ་ས་ནི་གཡུ་ལྟར་སྔོ་བའི་ཆུ་མོ་འདིའི་འགྲམ་དུ་མཆིས།

== ཁོར་ཡུག ==
[[གྲོང་ཁྱེར]]་དེའི་ཡུལ་གྱི་དགེ་མཚན་ནི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་ལྷ་སའི་[[སྐྱིད་ཆུ]]་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་ལྡན་གྱི་གཙང་ཆུ་གཡས་སུ་འཁོར་ཞིང་རྒྱུགས་པ་དང་། ཤར་ན་ཇོ་མོ་ཟེ་ཟེ། བྱང་ཤར་དུ་སྨིན་དྲུག་རྫ་རི། ཤར་ལྷོར་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བླ་རིའམ་བུམ་པ་རི། ནུབ་བྱང་དུ་དགེ་འཕེལ་རི་སོགས་ཀྱིས་བསྐོར་ཡོད།
== མགྲོན་ཁང་། ==
== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ། ==
== ནམ་ཟླ། ==
ནམ་ཟླ་དུས་བཞིར་ཉི་འོད་འཕྲོ་ཤུགས་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཆེ་བ་དང་། ལོ་འཁོར་གཅིག་ནང་ཉི་འོད་འཕྲོད་ཚད་ཆུ་ཚོད་༣༠༠༠ཙམ་ཟིན་གྱི་ཡོད། གྲོང་ཁྱེར་དེའི་ས་ནང་བབ་ཀྱི་མཐོ་ཚད་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་ངོས་ལས་སྤྱི་ཁྲི་༣༦༥༠ཙམ་ཟིན་ཡོད་པ་དང་མཁའ་རླུང་ཤིན་ཏུ་གཙང་བ་མ་ཟད། དབྱར་དུས་ཆར་ཆུ་འབབ་ཚད་སྙོམ་པ། ལོ་རེའི་ཧོར་ཟླ་༧、༨、༩གསུམ་གྱི་ནང་ཆར་ཆུ་འབབ་ཚད་ཆ་སྙོམས་ལྟར་ན་ཧའོ་རྨིད་༤༥༠ཙམ་དང་། ལོ་རེའི་ཆ་སྙོམས་དྲོད་ཚད་ནི་དྲོད་ཚད་ཨང་གྲངས་༨ཡས་མས་ཡིན། དབྱར་དཀྱིལ་དྲོད་ཚད་མཐོ་ཤོས་ལ་དྲོད་ཚད་ཨང་གྲངས་༢༩ཙམ་ཡོད།

== དུས་ཆེན། ==
ཧོར་ཟླ་བདུན་པའི་ནང་སྔར་སྲོལ་དུས་སྟོན་འབྲས་སྤུངས་ཞོ་སྟོན་སྐབས་ནོར་བུ་གླིང་ག་དང་། རྫོང་རྒྱབ་ཀླུ་ཁང་སོགས་སུ་ལྷ་མོ་འཁྲབ་པ་དང་། གཞན་ཡང་དུས་དེ་ནི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཕྱི་ནང་ནས་ཕེབས་པའི་ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྤྲོ་འཆམ་པ་དང་། གནས་མཇལ་བ། འཚོང་གཉེར་བ།རིག་གནས་སློབ་གསོའི་ལས་གཉེར་བ་སོགས་ཕྱོགས་མང་པོའི་མཐུན་གྲོགས་མཉམ་འཛོམས་ཐོག་དགའ་སྤྲོའི་ངང་ནས་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་དེ་ཡི་འབྱུང་འགྱུར་བྱ་གཞག་གང་དང་གང་གི་ཐད་ལ་གདུང་སེམས་མཉམ་སྐྱེས་ཀྱིས་ལག་སྦྲེལ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏོང་རྒྱུའི་ཆོད་སེམས་མཐུན་ལམ་འཛུགས་པའི་གོ་སྐབས་བཟང་ཤོས་ཤིག་ཡིན། 

&lt;div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;དཔལ་ལྷའི་དུས་ཆེན་གྱི་སྐོར་ངོ་སྤྲོད་མདོར་བསྡུས་ཤིག་བྱེད་པ།&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ལྷ་ས་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་དུ། ལྷ་ས་དཔལ་ལྷའི་རི་ཁྲོད།། ཞོལ་པ་དགའ་ལྡན་ལྔ་མཆོད།།ཅེས་བཤད་སྲོལ་ཡོད། དེའི་དོན་ནི། དཔལ་ལྷའི་རི་ཁྲོད་ཀྱི་ཉིན་དེར། ལྷ་སའི་གཡས་གཡོན་དུ་བཞུགས་མཁན་གྱི་གྲོང་མི་དང་སྤུན་མཆེད་རྣམས། ལྷ་སའི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་དུ་མཆོད་མཇལ་ཞུ་བ་དང་དཔལ་ལྷ་མོ་མཇལ་དུ་ཕེབས་ཀྱི་ཡོད་པ་དང༌། སྐབས་དེར་ལྷ་ས་བ་ཚོས་ཞོལ་བ་རྣམས་སྐུ་མགྲོན་དུ་ཞུ་ནས་གསོལ་ཚིགས་འདེགས་སྲོལ་ཡོད། དབུས་ཁུལ་དང༌། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ལྷ་སའི་གཡས་གཡོན་གྱི་བོད་མི་ཚོར་མཚོན་ན། དཔལ་ལྷ་རི་རབ་ཀྱི་དུས་ཆེན་འདི་ནི་ཆེས་སྤྲོ་སེམས་འཁོལ་བའི་དུས་ཆེན་གྱི་གྲས་ཤིག་ཡིན།&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;དཔལ་ལྷའི་རི་ཁྲོད་ཀྱི་དུས་ཆེན་དངོས་གཞི་དེ་ནི། ལོ་རེའི་བོད་ཟླ་བཅུ་པའི་ཚེས་བཅོ་ལྔའི་ཉིན་ཡིན་ཞིང༌། ཉིན་དེར། ལྷ་ལྡན་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་གནས་སྲུང་དཔལ་ལྷ་དྲག་མོར་ལྷ་གསོལ་ཞུ་བའི་དུས་ཆེན་ཞིག་ཆགས་ཀྱི་ཡོད། དཔལ་ལྷའི་གསོལ་བའི་དུས་ཆེན་གྱི་ཐོག་མའི་བྱུང་རིམ་སྐོར་ལ། བོད་ཀྱི་དམངས་ཁྲོད་དུ་ཤོད་སྲོལ་ཞིག་ཡོད་པ་དེའི་སྐོར་ཞུས་ན། གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་སྲུང་མ་ཆེན་མོ་དཔལ་ལྡན་དམག་ཟོར་རྒྱལ་མོ་ལ་ཕྲུ་གུ་བུ་མོ་གསུམ་བྱུང་བ་ལས། ཆུང་བའི་མིང་ལ་དཔལ་ལྷ་ཤིག་མོ་ཞུ་བ་དང༌། དེ་ནི་དམག་ཟོར་རྒྱལ་མོས་ཁོང་གི་དབུ་ལ་ཤིག་མང་པ་ཡོད་ཅིང༌། བུ་མོ་ལ་ཐེངས་མང་པོ་བཏུ་རུ་བཅུག་ནའང༌། བུ་མོ་དེས་ཨ་མའི་ཁ་ལ་མ་ཉན་པར་དུས་རྟག་ཏུ་རྩེད་འཇོར་གཡེང་ནས་བསྡད་པ་རེད་ཟེར། དམག་ཟོར་རྒྱལ་མོ་ཁོང་ཁྲོ་ལངས་ཏེ་བུ་མོ་ཁོང་གི་གཟུགས་པོ་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ལ་ཤིག་གིས་ཁྱབ་པར་ཤོག་ཅེས་སྨོན་ལམ་ལོག་པ་བཏབས་པས་ཕྱིས་སུ་དཔལ་ལྷ་ཤིག་མོ་ཞེས་ལུས་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ཤིག་གིས་གཡོག་ཡོད་པར་བཤད།&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;བུ་མོ་འབྲིང་བའི་མཚན་ལ་གདོང་བཙན་རྒྱལ་མོ་ཟེར་ཞིང༌། མོས་རྟག་ཏུ་ཨ་མར་ཁ་ལན་སློག་གི་ཡོད་སྟབས། ཨ་མས་མོ་རང་སློང་མོ་བ་ཞིག་ཏུ་འགྱུར་བར་ཤོག་ཅེས་སྨོན་ལམ་བཏབས་པ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས། མཐར་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་ལྷོ་་ངོས་ཀྱི་རྡོ་སྟེང་དུ་སློང་མོ་བའི་ཚུལ་གྱིས་བཞུགས་ནས་ཡོད་པ་ཞིག་དེང་སང་ཡང་མཇལ་རྒྱུ་ཡོད། དེ་ནི་ལམ་གྱི་མགྲོན་པོ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་མཆོད་འབུལ་ཁོ་ནར་བརྟེན་ནས་བཞུགས་ཀྱི་ཡོད།&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;བུ་མོ་ཆེ་བའི་མིང་ལ་དཔལ་ལྷ་དྲག་མོ་ཟེར་བ་དེ་ནི། སྐྱེས་པ་གང་མང་ལ་འགྲོགས་སྟབས། ཨ་མ་དམག་ཟོར་རྒྱལ་མོས། མོ་རང་ལ་ཚེ་གང་བོར་ཁྱོ་ག་གཅིག་ཀྱང་མི་རེག་པར་ཤོག  གལ་སྲིད་རེག་པའི་དབང་དུ་བཏང་ནའང༌། ཁྱོ་ག་དེ་དང་ལོ་གཅིག་ལ་དུས་གཅིག་ལས་ཐུག་འཕྲད་མི་ཡོང་བར་ཤོག་ཅེས་སྨོན་ལམ་བཏབས་པས། ཕྱིས་སུ་དཔལ་ལྷ་དྲག་མོར་ཁྱོ་ག་གཅིག་རང་བྱུང་བ་དེ་ནི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་ཇོ་བོའི་སྐུ་སྲུང་སྟེ་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་རྫོང་བཙན་རེད།&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;དེ་ཡང༌། ཁོང་གཉིས་ལོ་གཅིག་ལ་ཐེངས་གཅིག་ལས་མཇལ་འཕྲད་གནང་ཐུབ་ཀྱི་མེད་དོན་ནི། དཔལ་ལྡན་དམག་ཟོར་རྒྱལ་མོས། ཆོས་སྐྱོང་རྫོང་བཙན་ནི་རང་གི་བུ་མོ་བློ་འབྲིད་མཁན་ཡིན་ཞེས་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ནས་ལྷ་སའི་སྐྱིད་ཆུའི་ཁ་གཏད་ལ་ཡོད་པའི་གྲིབ་ཚེ་མཆོག་གླིང་ལ་རྒྱང་ཕུད་དུ་བཏང་ཞིང༌། དུས་དེ་ནས་ཁོང་གཉིས་ལོ་གཅིག་ལ་ཐུག་འཕྲད་ཐེངས་གཅིག་ལས་གནང་ཐུབ་ཀྱི་མེད་པའི་ཅེས་ཤོད་སྲོལ་ཡོད།  དེར་བརྟེན་ལོ་གཅིག་གི་ནང་དུ་དཔལ་ལྷ་དྲག་མོ་དང་གྲིབ་རྫོང་བཙན་གཉིས་ཕན་ཚུན་མཇལ་འཕྲད་ཀྱི་ཉིན་མོ་གཅིག་ཡོད་པ་དེ་ནི་བོད་ཟླ་བཅུ་པའི་ཚེས་བཅོ་ལྔའི་ཉིན་ཡིན་པ་དང༌། ཁོང་གཉིས་ཞལ་མཇལ་བའི་ཆོ་ག་དེ་རིམ་གྱིས་གྲ་རྒྱས་སུ་ཆགས་ནས། དཔལ་ལྷའི་དུས་ཆེན་འདི་བྱུང་བ་ཡིན་པ་རེད་འདུག&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;དེ་ཡང་དཔེར་ན། དཔལ་ལྷ་དྲག་མོ་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་ཕྱི་ལ་གདན་འདྲེན་བྱེད་པའི་སྐབས་ལ་མཚོན་ན། ཚེས་བཅོ་ལྔ་ཉིན་གྱི་ཞོགས་པར་དགེ་འདུན་པ་ཚོས་དཔལ་ལྷ་མོའི་སྐུ་གསོབ་བར་སྐོར་ནང་གདན་ཞུའི་སྐབས་སུ། བར་སྐོར་གྱི་ཤར་ལྷོ་མཚམས་སུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུས་ནས་དེར་བཞུགས་པའི་སྤུན་མཆེད་ཆུང་བ་གདོང་བཙན་རྒྱལ་མོ་དང༌།མཇལ་འཕྲད་བྱེད་དུ་འཇུག་པ་དང༌། དེ་ནས་དཔལ་ལྷ་དྲག་མོའི་སྐུ་གསོབ་དེ་གྲིབ་ཚེ་མཆོག་གླིང་གི་ཕྱོགས་ལ་ཁ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་བཅུག་ནས་འཇོག་པ་དང༌། དེའི་སྐབས་སུ་གྲིབ་ཚེ་མཆོག་གླིང་གི་ཕྱོགས་ནས་ཀྱང་རྫོང་བཙན་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་གི་ཞལ་དེ་ཚུར་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་ཕྱོགས་སུ་ཞལ་ཚུར་སློག་ནས་འཇོག་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པ་རེད།&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;དེ་སྔའི་མཛད་སྒོའི་སྐོར་ནས་ཞུས་པ་ཡིན་ན།  བོད་ཟླ་བཅུ་པའི་ཚེས་བརྒྱད་དགུ་ཙམ་ནས་དུས་ཆེན་འདིའི་མགོ་ཚུགས་ཀྱི་ཡོད་ཅིང་། རྨེ་རི་དགོན་པའི་དགེ་འདུན་པ་ཚོས་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་དཔལ་ལྷའི་ལྕོག་ལ་གཏོར་སྒྲུབ་ཚུགས་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པ་དང༌། དཔལ་ལྷ་དྲག་མོའི་ཞལ་འབག་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུས་ནས་དཔལ་ལྷའི་ལྕོག་གི་སྒོ་འགྲམ་གྱི་ཀ་ཕིབས་འོག་ཏུ་དཔལ་ལྷའི་ཞལ་ལྷོ་རུ་གཟིགས་ནས་བཞུགས་སུ་བཅུག་པའི་མདུན་ལ་མཆོད་པའི་རྫས་སྣ་ཚོགས་བཤམས་ནས་མཆོད་བསྟོད་བྱེད་པ་དང༌། སྐབས་དེར། མཆོད་མཇལ་ཞུ་མཁན་ཚོས་ཀྱང༌བསང་མཆོད་དང་གསེར་སྐྱེམས་སོགས་འབུལ་ལ། དཔལ་གསོལ་མ་ཞེས་དཔལ་ལྷ་མོ་གསོལ་མཁན་བུད་མེད་བཅུ་གྲངས་ཤིག་དམིགས་འཛུགས་བྱེད་སྲོལ་ཡོད། བུད་མེད་དེ་ཚོས་རྒྱན་གོས་གཟབ་འཆོར་སྤྲས་ཏེ། དཔལ་ལྷའི་ལྕོག་གི་སྒོ་འགྲམ་དུ་གྲལ་བསྒྲིགས་ནས་བསྡད་དེ་དཔལ་ལྷའི་ལྕོག་ཏུ་བཞུགས་པའི་དགེ་འདུན་པ་ཚོས། དཔལ་ལྷ་ཞི་བ་དང་དྲག་མོའི་གསོལ་མཆོད་ཞལ་འདོན་གནང་བ་དེ་དང་མཉམ་དུ་ཞལ་འདོན་སྐྱོར་བ་སོགས་བྱས་ནས་གསོལ་མཆོད་བྱེད་སྲོལ་ཡོད། ཚེས་བཅུ་བཞི་ཉིན་དྲག་མོའི་སྐུ་གསོབ་དེ། གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་ཡང་སྟེང་ཁྱམས་རའི་འོག་ཏུ་གདན་འདྲེན་པ་དང༌། ཚེས་བཅུ་བཞིའི་ཉིན་གྱི་གསོལ་མཆོད་གྲུབ་རྗེས། དངོས་གྲུབ་གཏོར་མ་ཞེས་མང་ཚོགས་ལ་ཚོགས་གཏོར་མ་འགྲེམས་སྐབས་འཚང་ཁ་ཆེ་ཞིང༌། ཚོགས་གཏོར་དེ་ནི་དངོས་གྲུབ་རྩ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ལྟ་བུར་བརྩི་བ་ཡིན།&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;བོད་ཟླ་བཅུ་པའི་ཚེས་བཅོ་ལྔ་ཉིན། དཔལ་ལྷའི་དུས་ཆེན་དངོས་གཞིའི་མཛད་སྒོར་མཚོན་ན། ཉིན་དེའི་ཞོགས་པ། ལྷ་ས་ཁུལ་གྱི་ཁྱིམ་འཛིན་བུད་མེད་ཚོ་འཚང་ཁ་ཤིག་ཤིག་གིས་དཔལ་ལྷ་མོར་མཆོད་ མཇལ་དུ་འགྲོ་བ་དང༌། དེ་ནས་ཉི་འོད་ས་གཞིར་ཁྱབ་པ་དང་མཉམ་དུ་དཔལ་ལྷའི་སྐུ་བརྙན་དེ་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་ཁྱམས་རའི་མཐིལ་དུ་གདན་དྲངས་པའི་སྐབས་ལ། སྙན་ཤལ་སོགས་ཕུལ་རྗེས། གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་སྒོ་མོ་དང༌ཁྱམས་ར་བརྒྱུད་ནས་དཔལ་ལྷ་བར་སྐོར་དུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་བ་དང༌། དེའི་སྐབས་སུ་བར་སྐོར་དུ་འཛོམས་པའི་མཆོད་མཇལ་བ་ཚོས། སྙན་ཤལ་འབུལ་བ་དང་མཆོད་མཇལ་བྱེད་སྲོལ་ཡོད།&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;དཔལ་ལྷ་མོ་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ནས་ཐོན་ཏེ་ཐོག་མར་ཀླུ་སྦུག་ཏུ་ཕེབས་རྗེས། གཏོར་ཟོར་འཕེན་པ་དང༌། དེ་ནས་ཁྲོམ་གཟིགས་ཁང་གི་ཐང་སྡེར་བར་སྐོར་གྱི་ཤར་ལམ་ལྷོ་ངོས་སུ་གཏོར་ཟོར་འཕེན་པའི་མཛད་སྒོ་བཅས་ཡོད། གང་ལྟར་ཉིན་འདིར། ལྷ་མོ་ཕེབས་ལམ་འཁེལ་ས་དག་ན་ཡོད་པའི་ཁྱིམ་མི་ཚོས་སྙན་ཤལ་སོགས་འབུལ་བའི་སྲོལ་ཡོད།&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;དུས་ཆེན་འདི་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཡུལ་སྲོལ་གྱི་སྐོར་ནས་ཞུས་ན།  དེ་སྔར་མཚོན་ན། བུ་མོ་ལོ་ན་བཅུ་དྲུག་ཟིན་སྐབས་སྤ་ཕྲུག་གཡོག་སྲོལ་གྱི་མཛད་སྒོ་དེ་ཡང༌། དཔལ་ལྷའི་དུས་ཆེན་གྱི་ཉིན་འདིར་བྱེད་པ་ལྟ་བུར་ཡོད་པ་དང༌། གཞན་ཡང༌། དཔལ་ལྷའི་དུས་ཆེན་ཐོན་ལ་ཉེ་བའི་སྐབས་སུ་དགའ་ཉེ་སྤུན་མཆེད་དང༌། གྲོང་པ་ཁྱིམ་མཚེས་ཀྱི་ཕྲུ་གུ་ལོ་ཆུང་ཚོ། གཡོག་པོ་བཅས་ནས་དཔལ་ལྷའི་མདུན་ཆང་ཞེས་དངུལ་སློང་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པར། དེ་ལ་མང་ཉུང་ལ་མ་ལྟོས་པའི་དངུལ་སྟེར་སྲོལ་ཡོད་སྟབས། དཔལ་ལྷའི་དུས་ཆེན་ཐོན་ལ་ཉེ་བའི་སྐབས་དེ་ནི་དབུལ་ཁུལ་གྱི་ཕྲུ་གུ་ཚོར་དངུལ་གསོག་པའི་སྐལ་བ་ཡག་ཤོས་ཤིག་ཏུ་གྱུར་ཡོད། ལྷ་ས་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ལ་མཚོན་ན། དེང་སྐབས་དཔལ་ལྷའི་དུས་ཆེན་ཐོན་ལ་ཉེ་སྐབས། བུད་མེད་ཚོས་སྐྱེས་པ་ཚོར་དངུལ་དང་རྔན་པ་སློང་སྲོལ་ཞིག་དར་བཞིན་ཡོད། ཉིན་འདིར་གནམ་གཤིས་མ་འདྲ་བ་ཞིག་སྟོན་གྱི་ཡོད་པ་ནི། ཉིན་འདིའི་ཕྱི་དྲོ་ལྷ་ས་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་གྱི་གཤམ་གཤིས་ནི་རླུང་འཚུབ་ཅན་གྱི་ལྷགས་པ་ཚ་པོ་ཞིག་ལྡང་གི་ཡོད་པར་བོད་མི་ཚོས་ལྷ་མོ་ར་བཟི་བ་རེད་ཅེས་ཤོད་སྲོལ་ཡོད།&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས། ==

== ཟིན་ཐོ་འམ་དཔྱད་གཞི། ==

== དཔྱད་གཞིའི་དཀར་ཆག། ==
== ད་དུང་གཟིགས། ==
== ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད། ==


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
------------

* [[ཀྲུང་ཀོ]]
* [[བོད།]]
** [[བོད་སྐད]]
* [[པོ་ཏ་ལ།]]


[[Category:བོད]]
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    <title>ཅི་ལེ</title>
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      <text bytes="168" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of Chile.svg|thumbnail]]
[[File:Chile topo en.jpg|thumbnail]]
'''ཅི་ལེ'''


* [[བལྤ་རཨིསོ]]


[[Category:ཅི་ལེ| ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="544" xml:space="preserve">'''བོ་ལི་ཝིཡ་'''(República de Bolivia, Wuliwiya Suyu)[[ལྷོ་ཨ་མེ་རི་ཀ་ལུ་ཆགས་]]གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དོ།
[[File:Satellite image of Bolivia in June 2002.jpg|right|thumb]]
[[File:Salar_de_Uyuni,_Bolivia2.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Bl-map.png|right|thumb]]
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*[[བཱ་རཱ་ཛིལ་]]
*[[པེ་རུ་]]
*[[ལྷོ་ཨ་མེ་རི་ཀ་ལུ་ཆགས་]]

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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded]] ([[User talk:Mr. Warren Bolphazky, reloaded|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
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[[File:Ciudad-Puerto-de-Valparaíso.png|thumbnail]]

ཁྲོམ་སྡེ།

གྲུ་ཚུགས།

[[ཅི་ལེ]]


{{stub}}

[[Category:གྲོང་􀮣]]
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      <comment>[[Special:LintErrors/bogus-image-options]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="740" xml:space="preserve">'''ཏོ་ཀན་ཏིནསི་'''[[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་གྱི་བྱང་ས་ཁུལ་]]གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དོ།་
རྒྱལ་ས་[[པལ་མསི་]]།


[[File:Bandeira do Tocantins.svg|300px|thumb]]
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[[File:Carolina 11.jpg|300px|thumb|ཏོ་ཀན་ཏིནསི་ཆུ་ཀ་རོ་ལི་ན་ནང་ལ།]]
[[File:Jalapão.jpg|300px|thumb|ཞ་ལ་པན།]]


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*[[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]
*[[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་གྱི་བྱང་ས་ཁུལ་]]
*[[ཨ་མ་ཛོ་ནིཡ་]]
*[[གོ་ཡཟི་]]

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ|བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]</text>
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      <text bytes="676" xml:space="preserve">'''རོན་དོ་ནིཡ་'''[[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་གྱི་བྱང་ས་ཁུལ་]]གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དོ།་
རྒྱལ་ས་[[པོར་ཏོ་ཝེ་ལྷོ་]]།


[[File:Bandeira de Rondônia.svg|300px|right|thumb]]
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[[File:St.Antoniocascade.jpg|300px|right|thumb|ཏོ་ཀན་ཏིནསི་ཆུ་ཀ་རོ་ལི་ན་ནང་ལ།]]


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*[[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]
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*[[ཨ་མ་ཛོ་ནིཡ་]]

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      <text bytes="604" xml:space="preserve">'''གོ་ཡཟི་'''[[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་གྱི་ལྟེ་ཝ་ནུབ་ས་ཁུལ་]]གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དོ།་
རྒྱལ་ས་[[གོ་ཡ་ནིཡ་]]།


[[File:Flag of Goiás.svg|300px|right|thumb]]
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*[[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]
*[[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་གྱི་བྱང་ས་ཁུལ་]]
*[[ཨ་མ་ཛོ་ནིཡ་]]
*[[གོ་ཡཟི་]]

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ|བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]</text>
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    <title>རྒྱལ་པོ་འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་གསར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་པྱུག་</title>
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      <timestamp>2018-05-25T09:55:41Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Tsebho</username>
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      <text bytes="1406" xml:space="preserve">དེ་རིང་གསར་དུ་དྲ་ཚིགས་འདིར་ཇོན་པའི་བོད་མི་ཞིག་ཡིན།  ཇོག་མར་ཆོས་དང་རིག་གཞུང་གཅིག་པའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གྱི་རྒྱལ་འབངས་ཡོངས་ལ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས་ཞུ།
དེ་དང་ཆབ་གཅིག   འཇིག་རྟེན་བདེ་ཞིང་ལོ་ལེགས་དང་།།  འབྲུ་རྣམས་འཕེལ་ཞིང་ཆོས་འཕེལ་ཞིང་།།   བདེ་ལེགས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་དང་།།  ཡིད་ལ་འདོད་པ་ཀུན་འགྲུབ་ཤོག །  
ཅེས་པའི་སྨོན་ཚིག་དང་བཅས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བོ་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་གསར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་འཕྲིན་འཛམ་གླིང་གི་ཡུལ་གྲུ་སོར་ཁྱབ་པའི་སྨོན་འདུན་ཞུ། 
 བོད་མདོ་སྨད་ཨ་མདོ་ས་ཆ་རུ་བན་ཤུལ་འཁྱམ་བསེ་རུ་ཞེས་པས་ཕུལ།</text>
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    <title>བྱ་རྡུགས་</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:International Symbol for Deafness.jpg|thumbnail]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="56" xml:space="preserve">[[File:International Symbol for Deafness.jpg|thumbnail]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>བརྡ་སྐད་</title>
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[[File:Preservation of the Sign Language (1913).webm|thumb|thumbtime=5|''Preservation of the Sign Language'' (1913)]]
[[File:RZ.Maldives sign language.jhwh.png|thumb|left|290px|བརྡ སྐད, མལ་དི་ཝེསུ། (ཡ་ཧོ་ཝཱས་བཟོས་པའི་དངོས་པོ་)]]

[[Category:བོད་ཡིག]]</text>
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    <title>བོད་གདོད་མའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་</title>
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      <text bytes="21600" xml:space="preserve">ཐོག་མར་རང་རེའི་ཡུལ་འདི་ལ་བོད་ཅེས་འབོད་པའི་མིང་དེ་ཇི་ལྟར་བྱུང་བའམ། དེ འི་གོ་དོན་གང་ཡིན་པའི་སྐོར་ལ། བོད་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་རྒྱལ་རབས་དང་ཆོས་འབྱུང་སོགས་ཀྱི་ནང་མིང་ཚིག་དེའི་འགྲེལ་བཤད་འཁོད་པ་ཞིག་མ་མཐོང་ཞིང་། ཉེ་རབས་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་སྨྲ་བའི་མཁས་དབང་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱིས་མཛད་པའི་དེབ་ཐེར་དཀར་པའི་ནང་ཐ་སྙད་འདི་ལ་ཐོག་མའི་དཔྱད་པ་ཞིག་གནང་མྱོང་བ་ལྟར་ཞིབ་པ་ཡིག་ཆ་ དངོས་ལ་གསལ་དོན་དེའི་ནང་དུ་བསྟན་པར། ས་བཅད་དང་པོ། བོད་ཀྱི་གདོད་མའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས། དང་པོ། བོད་ཅེས་བྱ་བའི་མིང་བྱུང་ཚུལ། ཐོག་ མར་རང་རེའི་ཡུལ་འདི་ལ་བོད་ཅེས་འབོད་པའི་མིང་དེ་ཇི་ལྟར་བྱུང་བའམ། དེ འི་གོ་དོན་གང་ཡིན་པའི་སྐོར་ལ། བོད་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་རྒྱལ་རབས་དང་ཆོས་འབྱུང་སོགས་ཀྱི་ནང་མིང་ཚིག་དེའི་འགྲེལ་ བཤད་འཁོད་པ་ཞིག་མ་མཐོང་ཞིང་། ཉེ་རབས་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་སྨྲ་བའི་མཁས་དབང་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱིས་མཛད་པའི་དེབ་ ཐར་དཀར་པའི་ནང་ཐ་སྙད་འདི་ལ་ཐོག་མའི་དཔྱད་པ་ཞིག་གནང་མྱོང་བ་ལྟར་ཞིབ་པ་ཡིག་ཆ་ དངོས་ལ་གསལ་དོན་དེའི་ནང་དུ་བསྟན་པར། “བོད་ཅེས་བྱ་བའི་ཚིག་དེའི་དོན་གང་ཟེར་ན། རྣམ་པ་གཅིག་ཏུ་ན་དོན་ཅི་ཡང་བཤད་དུ་མེད་པའི་འདོད་རྒྱལ་ཙམ་ཡིན་པའང་སྲིད་” （༡）ཅེས་ གསུངས་ཤིང་། དེའི་མུ་མཐུད་ནམ་ཡང་ན་རྒྱལ་པོའི་མཚན་ཡུལ་ལ་ཐོགས་པའམ། གཡུང་དྲུང་བོན་གྱི་འདོད་ཚུལ་ལྟར་ན། “ཐོག་མར་བོན་གྱི་ཡུལ་ཞེས་གྲགས་པ་ལ་རྗེས་སུ་བོད་ཀྱི་ཡུལ་ཞེས་ཟུར་ཆག་པ་ ཡིན་”ཟེར་བ་སོགས་དཔྱད་གཞིར་འདོན་གནང་འཛད་པ་ལས། ཚིག་ཐག་ད་དུང་བཅད་གནང་མེད་པ་ནི་དོན་གྱི་མཁས་པའི་དགོངས་གཞི་ཡི་རངས་སྐྱེ་འོས་ པ་ཞིག་ཏུ་མངོན། འོན་ཀྱང་ཁོང་གིས་ཐོག་མ་ཁོ་ནར་བོད་ཅེས་པའི་མིང་དེ་རྒྱ་གར་དང་། རྒྱ་ནག ཁ་ཆེ། སོག་པོ། ཐ་ན་དབྱིན་སྐད་སོགས་ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་གཞན་གྱི་འབོད་ཚུལ་ཡིན་ལ་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་སྒྲ་རིག་ པའི་གཏན་ཚིགས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ནས་དབྱེ་ཞིབ་ཚན་རིག་དང་མཐུན་པ་ཞིག་གནང་སྟེ། མདོར་ན་བོད་ཅེས་པ་ནི་བོད་མིས་རང་གི་ཡུལ་ལ་བཏགས་པ་མིང་དེ་ག་རང་ཡུལ་གཞན་གྱི་ སྐད་ལ་ཕར་ཟུར་ཆག་པ་འབའ་ཞིག་ལས། ཡུལ་གཞན་གྱི་མིས་ཚུར་བཏགས་པ་ཞིག་མ་ཡིན་པ་རིགས་པས་ཁུངས་སྐྱེལ་གནང་བ་དེ་ནི། རང་རེར་གནད་དོན་འདིའི་ཐད་ལ་བསམ་གཞིགས་དང་ཞིབ་འཇུག་བྱ་རྒྱུའི་རྩ་བའི་གཞི་ འཛིན་ས་གསེར་གྱི་ས་གཞི་ལྟ་བུ་ཞིག་ཡིན་ནོ།། རང་ཅག་གི་ཡུལ་འདིའི་མིང་ ལ་བོད་ཅེས་བྱ་བ་དེ་དུས་ནམ་ཞིག་ལ་བྱུང་བའི་ཐད་དེབ་ཐར་དཀར་པོའི་ནང་། “དེ་ཡང་རང་རེའི་ཡུལ་འདི་ལ་ཆེས་སྔ་མོ་ཞིག་ནས། རང་སྐད་དུ་བོད་ཀྱི་ཡུལ་ཞེས་བྱ་བར་གྲགས་” （༢）ཞེས་ གསུངས་པ་བཞིན་བོད་ཅེས་པའི་ཐ་སྙད་དེ་ནི་གདོད་མའི་དུས་ནས་བྱུང་བར་མངོན། དཔེར་ན་བོན་གྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་སམ་ཁུ་སྟོན་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་གཡུང་དྲུང་གིས་མཛད་པའི་ལོ་ རྒྱུས་ཆེ་མོ་སོགས་བོད་གནའ་རབས་ཀྱི་ངག་རྒྱུན་འཁོད་པའི་ཡིག་རིགས་དག་ལས། གདོད་མའི་དུས་སུ་ཡུལ་འདིར་གནོད་སྦྱིན་ལ་སོགས་མི་མ་ཡིན་གྱི་དབང་མཛད་བཅུ་ སོགས་བྱུང་བའི་བརྒྱུད་རིམ་བཤད་ཡོད། ང་ཚོས་མི་མ་ཡིན་ཞེས་ཐོས་མ་ཐག་དེ་ནི་དངོས་མེད་ལྷ་སྒྲུང་ཡིན་ཟེར་ནས་རྣ་བ་མི་ བཟེད་པ་གཏན་ནས་བྱ་མི་རུང་། མི་མ་ཡིན་གྱི་དབང་མཛད་བཅུ་བྱུང་ཞེས་པ་ནི་ས་མཐོའི་སྤྲ་མི་རྣམས་ད་དུང་གནའ་མི་ མཚན་ཉིད་པ་ཞིག་ཏུ་མ་གྱུར་པའི་གོང་རོལ་གྱི་དོན་ཞིག་ཡིན་པ་གོ་དགོས། དེ་དག་གི་བརྒྱུད་རིམ་བཤད་པའི་ནང་། “བདུན་པ་མང་སངས་རུས་དགུས་དབང་བྱས་ཏེ། ཡུལ་གྱི་མིང་ནི་བོད་ཀ་ཉ་དྲུག་ཟེར་” （༣）ཞེས་ གསལ་བས་བོད་ཅེས་པའི་ཡུལ་མིང་ནི་ཐོག་མ་དེ་དུས་ནས་ཡོད་པ་མཐོང་ཐུབ། དེ་ནས་ད་ཕན་ལོ་གྲངས་ཇི་ཙམ་སོང་བ་ནི་བརྗོད་ཀྱིས་མི་ལང་བ་སྨོས་ཅི་དགོས། རྒྱུ་མཚན་དེ་དག་ལ་བསམ་དུས་བོད་བྱ་བ་ནི་བོད་རང་གི་མིས་བཏགས་པ་དེ་བས་ཀྱང་ཚད་ མར་གྲུབ་ཅིང་། དེ་ཡང་འདོད་རྒྱལ་གྱི་མིང་ཙམ་ཡིན་ཤས་ཆེ་ལ། གོ་དོན་ལྡན་པའི་དབང་དུ་བཏང་ནའང་དཔྱད་གཞི་གང་མང་བསགས་ནས་བརྟག་དཔྱད་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ མུ་མཐུད་དེ་བྱ་དགོས་པ་ལས། ཕྱོགས་རེ་བའི་སྒོ་ནས་ཁ་ཚོན་གཅོད་མི་འོས་པ་གསལ་པོར་རྟོགས་ཐུབ། འོན་ཀྱང་བོད་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཤེས་བྱར་དོ་སྣང་བྱེད་དགོས་ན་བོད་ཅེས་པའི་ཐ་སྙད་ དེ་ཇི་ལྟར་བྱས་ནས་བྱུང་བ་དང་། དེའི་གོ་དོན་གང་ཡིན་ལ་བསམ་ཞིབ་བྱ་རྒྱུ་ནི་གལ་འགངས་ཆེ་བ་ཞིག་ལོས་ཡིན། དེར་མིན་གྱི་དཔྱད་གཞི་གཞན་དག་ཀྱང་བརྩད་འཚོལ་བྱ་རྒྱུ་དེ་དགོས་ངེས་ཤིག་ཏུ་ མཐོང་། བོད་ཅེས་པའི་ཡུལ་མིང་འདིའི་གོ་དོན་སྐོར་ལ་དམངས་ཁྲོད་དུ་མི་ རབས་ནས་མི་རབས་བརྒྱུད་པའི་བཤད་ཚུལ་ཡང་འགའ་ཞིག་ཐོས། དཔེར་ན་ལ་ལས་ཟེར་ན། གནའ་སྔ་མོ་ཡུལ་འདིར་ཞིང་ལས་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་མ་དར་བའི་གོང་ལ་མི་རྣམས་རི་དྭགས་རྔོན་ པ་དང་། དེ་ནས་རིམ་བཞིན་ཕྱུགས་རིགས་གསོ་སྐྱོང་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་འཚོ་ཐབས་བྱེད། སྐབས་དེར་ཕྱུགས་རིག་རྣམས་འཕེལ་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ནས་རྩྭ་བཟའ་འདང་ངེས་ཤིག་ཡོང་བའི་ དོན་དུ་འབྲོག་པ་ཚོ་རུབ་སྡོད་བྱ་ཐབས་མེད་པར་ཁ་ཐོར་ནས་རི་ཀླུང་རྩྭ་ཆུ་གང་བཟང་ དུ་གནས་ངེས་མེད་ཀྱི་སྐྱ་སྤོ་བྱེད་དགོས་པ་ཆགས། རྒྱང་ཐག་རིང་པོར་ཁ་གྲམ་ནས་སྡོད་པའི་འབྲོག་པ་དེ་རྣམས་ལ་རང་བྱུང་ཁམས་ལས་བྱུང་ བའི་ཆག་སྒོ་དང་། ཇག་རྐུན་ནམ། གཅན་གཟན་གྱི་གནོད་འཚེ་འཕྲད་པ་སོགས་ཕན་ཚུན་འབྲེལ་བ་བྱེད་དགོས་སྟབས། སྐད་རིང་གི་བརྡ་སྦྱོར་ཐུབ་པའི་རྒྱང་ཚད་དུ་གནས་བཅའ་བ་དང་། གནས་ཚུལ་བྱུང་སྐབས་རི་མཐོ་ས་སྒང་ནས་སྐད་ཆེན་པོས་ཀ་ཡེའམ། ཝ་ཡེ་ཞེས་གདངས་རིང་གིས་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་བྱེད་པ་དེ་ལ་“འབོད་པ་”ཞེས་ཟེར། དེ་ལྟར་ཡང་ཡང་བོད་པའི་སྒྲ་སྒྲོག་པས་ཡུལ་དེའི་མིང་ལའང་“བོད་”ཅེས་ཐོགས་པ་ཡིན་ ཟེར་རོ།། དེ་མིན་རྒན་རབས་ཀྱི་བཤད་སྲོལ་གཞན་ཞིག་ནི། རང་ཅག་གི་ཡུལ་འདིའི་རང་བྱུང་གི་ཆགས་བབ་ནི་ནུབ་དང་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་མཐོ་ཞིང་། ཤར་དང་ལྷོ་གཉིས་ཁད་ཀྱིས་དམའ་བ་ཡོད་པ་ལས་གདོད་མའི་དུས་ནས་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཐོན་ སྐྱེད་རིམ་བཞིན་འཕེལ་རྒྱས་འགྲོ་བའི་བྱ་རིམ་ནང་ཕྱི་རོལ་ཡུལ་གྱི་ཆ་རྐྱེན་དང་ བསྟུན་པའི་གཙོ་བོའི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ལས་རིགས་གསུམ་དུ་དབྱེ་བ་སྟེ། མཐོ་སར་ཕྱུགས་རིགས་གཉེར་སྐྱོང་ཁོ་ན་བྱེད་པའི་ས་ལ་འབྲོག་ཅེས་དང་། དམའ་སར་ནགས་ལས་གཙོ་གཉེར་བྱེད་པའི་ས་ལ་རོང་ཞེས་གྲགས་ཤིང་། དེ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་དུ་དྲོ་གྲང་སྙོམས་སར་ཞིང་ལས་གཙོ་བོར་གཉེར་བའི་ས་ལ་བོད་ཅེས་ མིང་ཆགས་པ་ཡིན། ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཐོག་སྤུ་རྒྱལ་བཙན་པོའི་གདུང་རབས་དེ་ཡར་ ལུང་དུ་བྱུང་ཞིང་། ས་ཁུལ་དེ་ནི་སྐབས་དེའི་ས་མཐོའི་ཞིང་ལས་གཙོ་བོར་གཉེར་བའི་ལྟེ་བ་ལྟ་བུ་ཡིན་ སྟབས་བོད་ཡུལ་ཞེས་འབོད་པ་དང་། སྤུ་རྒྱལ་བཙན་པོའི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་ལའང་ཡུལ་གྱི་མིང་རྗེ་ལ་ཐོགས་ནས་བོད་ཀྱི་བཙན་ པོ་ཞེས་གྲགས། རྗེས་སུ་བོད་ཀྱི་བཙན་པོའི་གདུང་རབས་ཀྱིས་ཡར་ལུང་གི་མཐའ་འཁོར་དང་། དེ་ནས་རིམ་བཞིན་དབུས་གཙང་དུ་མངའ་འབངས་རྒྱ་བཀྱེད་ཅིང་། ལྷག་པར་བོད་རྗེ་སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོའི་སྐུ་དུས་ནས་དེ་བས་ཀྱང་ཕྱོགས་བཞི་མཚམས་ བརྒྱད་མངའ་འོག་ཏུ་བསྡུས་ཤིང་། རྒྱལ་ཁམས་ཆེས་ཆེར་བཀྱེད་པ་བཅས་བརྒྱུད་རྗེའི་མཚན་ཡུལ་ལ་ཆགས་ཏེ་བོད་ཀྱི་བཙན་ པོའི་མངའ་ཁོངས་རྣལ་མར་གཏོགས་པ་མཐའ་དག་ལ་བོད་ཅེས་མིང་ཐོགས་པ་ཡིན་ཟེར་རོ། ། སྤྱིར་ ན་མིའི་རིགས་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་ཤེས་རིག་མཐའ་དག་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་འཕེལ་རྒྱས་འགྲོ་བ་ དང་ཁ་འབྲལ་ཐབས་མེད་ལ། ཁྱད་པར་གདོད་མའི་དུས་ནས་བྱུང་ཞིང་ཆགས་པའི་མིང་ཚིག་ནི་དེ་བས་ཀྱང་དེ་ལྟར་ཡིན་ སྲིད་པར་བརྟེན་གོང་དུ་དྲངས་པའི་བཤད་རྒྱུན་དེ་རིགས་ཕྱི་ཡུལ་རང་བྱུང་ཁམས་ཀྱི་ ཆགས་བབ་དང་། གནའ་བོའི་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་བྱ་གཞག་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོད་སྟབས་འདིར་ཡང་ དཔྱད་གཞིའི་ཁ་སྣོན་ཙམ་དུ་བཀོད་པ་ལགས་ཤིང་། བཤད་སྲོལ་ཕྱི་མ་འདིའི་ཐད་ཐོག་མ་ཞིང་ལས་ས་ཁུལ་ལ་བོད་ཅེས་པའི་ཐ་སྙད་ཐོགས་པ་ ཡིན་ན། བོད་རྗེ་སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོའི་སྔ་རོལ་དུ་ཡར་ལུང་ཁུལ་དུ་མ་གཏོགས་ཞིང་ལས་དར་ སྲོལ་མེད་དམ་ཞེ་ན། དེ་ནི་ཐོག་མའི་མིང་གི་འབྱུང་ཁུངས་ཙམ་བཤད་པ་ལས་ངེས་པ་མེད་ཅིང་། ད་དུང་ཏུན་ཧོང་གི་ཡིག་རྙིང་ལས་འབྱུང་བ་ལྟར་ན་བཙན་པོ་གནམ་རི་སྲོང་བཙན་གྱི་ ལོ་རྒྱུས་ནང་། “རྒྱལ་པོ་འདིའི་རིང་ལ་། ཁྱུང་པོ་སྤུང་སད་ཀྱིས་རྩང་བོད་ཀྱི་རྗེ་བོ་ མར་མུན་མ གོ་བཆད་ བཅད་དེ། ཁྱུང་པོ་སྤུང་སད་ཀྱིས་རྩང་བོད་ཀྱི་རྗེ་བོ་མར་མུན་མགོ་བཆད་བཅད་དེ། རྩང་བོད་ཁྱིམ་ཉི་གྲི་ཉིས་ཁྲི་བཙན་པོའི་ཕྱག་ཏུ་པུལ་ཕུལ་ཏེ། ཟུ་ཙེམགློ་བ་ཉེ་བ་འི་བྱ་དགར་སྩལ་ཏོ” （༤） ཞེས་གསལ་བ་ལྟར་དུས་དེ་ཤེད་དུ་གཙང་ཁུལ་ཡར་ལུང་གཙང་པོའི་ལྷོ་བྱང་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ ས་གནས་དེ་དག་བཙན་པོའི་མངའ་འོག་ཏུ་མ་ཚུད་གོང་ནས་ཞིང་ལས་གཙོ་བོར་གཉེར་ཁུལ་ ཡིན་སྲིད་ཅིང་། དེར་བརྟེན་རྩང་བོད་ཅེས་བོད་ཀྱི་ཐ་སྙད་ཀྱང་ཐོགས་ཟིན་པ་ མཚོན་པས་དེས་ན་བོད་ཅེས་པ་ཞིང་ལས་ས་ཁུལ་ལ་ཐོགས་པ་ཡིན་ཟེར་བར་སྒྲུབ་བྱེད་དུ་ འགྱུར་བ་མ་གཏོཊ་གནོད་པ་མེད་དོ། གཞན་ཡང་སྔར་གྱི་བླ་མའི་རྣམ་ཐར་སོགས་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཀྱི་་ཡིག་རིཊ་དང་དེ་སྔའི་བོད་ ས་གནས་སྲིད་གཞུང་གི་ཡིག་ཆ་མང་པོའི་ནང་། “བོད་འབྲོག་མི་སེར་”དང་“བོས་འབྲོག་བརྗེ་ཚོང་”“རོང་བོད་ས་མཚམས་”དང་“རོང་བོད་ སྐྱེལ་མཚམས་”ཞེས་པ་སོགས་མཐོང་རྒྱུ་ཡོད་པ་མ་ཟད། དམངས་ཁྲོད་དུའང་བོད་འབྲོག་ཟེར་བ་དང་རོང་བོད་ཅེས་པའི་ཤོད་སྲེལ་ད་ལྟའང་མཆིས་ པ་དེ་དག་གི་བོད་ཟེར་བའི་གོ་དོན་ཡང་ཞིང་ལས་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་གཙོ་བོར་གཉེར་བའི་ས་ཆ་ ལ་ངོས་འཛིན་བྱེད་ཚུལ་མཚོན་པ་བཅས་འབོད་སྲོལ་འདི་རྣམས་ཀྱང་གནའ་བོའི་ཤུལ་ རྒྱུན་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་ངེས་ཅན་ཞིག་ཡོད་སྙམ་པ་དཔྱད་གཞིའི་ཚུལ་དུ་འཕྲོས་པ་ལགས། ཡང་ཁམས་བོས་ཅེས་པའི་གོ་དོན་གང་ཡིན་སྙམ་ན་ཁམས་ནི་མཐའ་ཁུལ་ལ་ཟེར་ཏེ་དཔེར་ན་ མཐའི་རྒྱལ་ཕྲན་ལ་ཁམས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཕྲན་ཞེས་གྲགས་པ་ལྟར་བོད་དབུས་ན་མཐའི་རྒྱལ་ ཕྲན་ལ་ཁམས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཕྲན་ཞེས་གྲགས་པ་ལྟར་བོད་དབུས་ནས་རྩིས་ན་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ མཐའ་ཁུལ་ལ་ཁམས་ཞེས་མིང་ཆགས་པས་ཁམས་བོད་ནི་མཐའ་དབུས་ཀྱི་དོན་ཡིན་པ་བཅས་བོད་ ཅེས་བའི་མིང་བྱུང་ཚུལ་གྱི་དཔྱད་གཞི་མདོ་ཙམ་བརྗོད་པའོ།།</text>
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      <timestamp>2021-10-10T15:15:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 28557 by [[Special:Contributions/Estcot|Estcot]] ([[User talk:Estcot|talk]])-</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15932" xml:space="preserve">འབྲུག་པའི་སྐད་ཡིག་བོད་ཡིག་མིན་ནམ་ཞེ་ན་ཐག་ཆོད་ཁག་པོ་འདུག །
                        གཡང་འབུམ་ཚེ་རིང་གིས་བསྒྱུར།
འབྲུག་པ་མི་རིགས་བོད་རིགས་མིན་ཞེས་ཐེམ་བྱང་དུ་འཁོད་དོན་ནི།  འབྲུག་པའི་སྐད་ཡིག་དང་འབྲེལ་ཡོད་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ངག་སྒྲོས་ཧ་ཅང་ཉུང་ཉུང་ཡིན་པས།  ད་ལྟ་རགས་ཙམ་གླེང་བར་བྱ།  འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཞུང་གིས་སྤྱི་ལོ་2001ལོར་མི་གྲངས་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་བྱས་པ་ལྟར་ན།  སྐབས་འདིར་འབྲུག་པའི་མི་གྲངས་6900,000 སླེབས་པ་དང་དེང་གི་འཕེལ་ཚད་2.5%རེད་འདུག།  འདི་ལྟར་རིག་འདེད་རྩིས་རྒྱག་བྱས་ན་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་གྱི་མིག་སྔའི་མི་གྲངས་8000,000 ཡིན་པ་དང་བེད་སྤྱོད་བྱེད་བཞིན་པའི་ཡིག་རིགས་14 ལྷག་ཡོད་ལ།  དེ་ལས་ཆེས་ཉུང་མཐར་ཡང་མི་གྲངས་10,000 ཡན་གྱིས་ཡིག་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་8 ཙམ་སྤྱོད་ཅིང་མཆིས་ལ་ཡིག་རིགས་23 བོད་འབར་སྐད་རིགས་ཀྱི་ཁོངས་སུ་གཏོགས།  
རིགས་གཅིག་(བལ་ཡིག) ཧིན་ཡ་ (ཡ་ལ་ཨན་) སྐད་རིགས་ཀྱི་ཁོངས་སུ་གཏོགས།
རྫོང་ཁའི་སྐད་སྐས་ནི་སྤྱོད་མཁན་ཆེས་མང་བ་དེ་ཡིན་པ་དང་གཙོ་བོ་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ན་ལཱ་ཕོ་(Ngalop) རིགས་ཏེ་མི་གྲངས་160,000 ཙམ་གྱི་སྤྱོད་བཞིན་ཡོད་ཅིང་།  ཁོང་ཚོ་ནི་དུས་རབས་དགུ་བ་ནས་བཟུང་བོད་མི་རུ་བ་སྤོས་ནས་ཐོན་པའི་བོད་བོད་མིའི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་ཡིན་ཞིང་།  ལྷག་པར་དུ་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་མི་གྲངས་15600 ཙམ་གྱིས་འབྲུག་ཡིག་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་ཡོད་པ་དང་།   དུས་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་བའི་དུས་འགོར་བལ་བོའི་ངལ་རྩོལ་བཟོ་བ་འབོར་ཆེན་ཞིག་གནས་འདིད་ཐོན་པ་དང་མི་རིང་བར་མི་དེ་རྣམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྤྱི་དམངས་སུ་གྱུར།  འབྲུག་པའི་མི་ངོ་མ་ནི་དེའི་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་པ་Shachopa མི་རིགས་ཡིན་ལ། སྐད་ཡིག་ལ་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་པའི་སྐད་དང་། ཁོ་ཚོའི་བཤད་སྲོལ་ལྟར་ན་གཙང་ལ་(Tshangla) ཞེས་ཀྱང་འབོད་ཟེར་ལ་ཁོང་ཚོར་མི་གྲངས་ཕར་ཆེར་30,000 ཙམ་གནས་། 
དབུས་ཀྱི་སྤམ་ཐང་(འབུམ་ཐང?) Bumthang ) ས་ཁུལ་གྱི་མི་50,000 ཙམ་ལ་ཅན་ཁཱ་(Khenka)ཟེར་། སྤྱི་ལོ་1960 ལོའི་བར་དུ་འབྲུག་ལ་ཡུལ་གཞུད་ཡི་མེད་ཅིང་།  བོད་རྒྱུད་ནང་བསྟན་དར་ཁྱབ་ཆེས་ཆེར་ཕྱིན་པས་མི་གྲངས་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ཁྲོད་ནས་10% གྲྭ་སར་བཞུགས་ཏེ་རིག་གནས་རྒྱུན་སྤེལ་དང་ལོ་རྒྱུས་འབྲི་འགོད་སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་རྒྱུན་འཛིན། སེམས་གསོ་དང་ས་ཁུལ་ཁག་གོང་འདྲིལ་ཤུགས་ཀྱིས་བདག་གཅེས་ཚད་མཐོན་བྱུང་བ་སོགས་ཀྱི་གལ་ཆེའི་བྱེད་ནུས་ཐོན།  
འབྲུག་པའི་ཡིག་ཚགས་དང་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་ནང་བསྟན་སློབ་གསོ་སོགས་ཐུན་མོང་དུ་སྤྱོད་པའི་ཡིག་སྐད་དེ་སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་བོད་ཡིག་ལས་མ་འདས།  
ལོ་རབས་བདུན་བཅུ་བར་དེང་རབས་ཅན་གྱི་འཕེལ་རིམ་མ་ཚུགས་གོང་དུ་ཡིག་རྨོངས་པའི་གྲངས་ཚད་ཧ་ཅང་མཐོ་བས་ས་ཁུལ་ཕན་ཚུན་བར་འབྲེལ་འདྲིས་བྱེད་པའི་བཀག་རྒྱ་གནས་ཚུལ་ཧ་ཅང་ཁག་པོ་བྱུང་།   1961 ལོར་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་འཇིག་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཆེན་ལགས་ཀྱིས་རྫོང་ཁའི་སྐད་དེ་སྤྱི་སྐད་བྱེད་དགོས་པ་བསྟན། བསམ་ཡུལ་ལས་འདས་པ་ཞིག་ལ་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་པས་སྤཡི་ཁྱབ་དུ
བཀོལ་བཞིན་པའི་རྫོང་ཁའི
སྐད་དེ་འདི་ལྟར་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྤྱི་སྐད་དུ་གྱུར་བ་རེད། རྫོང་ཁ་ཞེས་པའི་ཡིག་འབྲུ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཞིབ་གླེང་ཆེས་མང་བ་ནི་ཤོག་ངོས་སུ་ཕབ་པའི་ཡིག་སྐད་དེ་ཆོས་སྐད་(Choke)ཅེས་པ་བོད་ཡིག་གི་མཚོན་བྱེད་རེད། ཆོས་སྐད་ནི་རྫོང་ཁའི་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཡིག་སྐད་དུ་བལྟས་ཆོག་ཅིང་ནང་བསྟན་ཀྱི་ཆོ་ཀ་སྤེལ་བའི་སྐད་བྱེད་ལ།  དེ་ཡང་སྐད་བརྡ་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་གཉིས་ཡིན། རིམ་བཞིན་དུ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཁག་དུ་རྫོང་ཁ་འབྲི་ཀློག་དང་སྐད་བརྡ་སློབ་ཁྲིད་བྱས་དང་དེ་རྗེས་རིམ་གྱིས་སློབ་ཚན་གཞན་དག་ཀྱད་རྒྱ་གར་ཡི་གེ་ལས་རྫོང་ཁར་ཕབ་བསྒྱུར་བྱས་ཏེ།  འབྲི་ཀློག་དང་འབྲེལ་འདྲིས་མཚོན་བྱེད་བྱས་པ་ནི་སྔོན་ཆད་དབྱི་རལ་དང་ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་སྐད་དེ་ལཱ་ཏིན་ཡི་གེའི་ཁ་སྐད་དང་མཚུངས་པ་ལྟར་རེད།  ལོ་རབས་བདུན་བཅུ་བ་ལ་འབྲུག་སྲིད་གཞུང་གིས་ཡིག་སྐད་རང་ཡུལ་ཅན་དང་འཚོ་བ་ཅན་གྱི་དམིགས་འབེན་དུ་བརྩིས་ནས་སློབ་གསོ་ལས་ཁུངས་སུ་རྫོང་ཁ་ཚན་ཁག་དབུ་བརྙེས།  ལྷང་པར་དུ་1986 ལོར་བློ་འདྲི་སའི་རྫོང་ཁ་ཨུ་ཡོན་ལྷན་ཁང་བཙུགས་པ་མ་ཟད།  དེང་གི་ཚད་ལྡན་ཅན་གྱི་རྫོང་ཁ་ཡི་གེའི་བརྒྱུད་རིམ་ཁྲོད་རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་དང་རྫོང་ཁའི་སློབ་དེབ་། མིང་མཛོད།  ཚིག་ཚོགས་གསར་སྣོན་དང་ཚིག་འབྲུ་དེད་ནས་གསར་བ་འབྲི་ཐབས་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ལས་འགན་བསྒྲུབ།  
ལོ་རབས་བཅུ་དགུ་བའི་དུས་འགོར་ཧོ་ལན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྐད་བརྡ་རིག་པ་བ་ལྗོར་ལྗེ་ཝན་ཏེ་མོའུ་ཡིས་རྫོང་ཁའི་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་རིག་པ་ཁག་དང་པོ་བརྩམས་པས་ཕན་འབྲས་མི་དམན་པ་ཞིག་ཐོན་པ་དང་ལྷན་དུ་རྫོང་ཁ་ཡི་གེ་གཞུང་ཕྱོགས་ཁོངས་གཏོགས་ཁྲོད་ཀྱི་གསང་འདེད་སྟོབས་ཤུགས་གྱུར་ལ།  རོ་མཱན་སྐད་དོད་བྱེད་ཐབས་དེ་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་སྤྱི་དམངས་ཀྱི་རུས་མིང་དང་ཐ་སྙད་ཞིབ་གླེང་ཕྱོགས་ལ་བསྐྱོད་པ་དང་རྫོང་ཁ་བཀོལ་བའི་སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་བོད་ཡིག་གསལ་བཤད་ནི་(ucen) འབྲི་བའི་ཡིག་གཟུགས་རིགས་ཤིག་ཡིན། 
Ucen ལ་ཡང་དག་གི་འབྲེལ་བ་ཞིག་མ་མཐོང་ཡང་(དཔེར་ན་གནའ་བོའི་ཨེ་ལྗིབ་ཡི་གེ་རྟོགས་པའི་གྲོགས་པོས་མཛུབ་སྟོན་གནང་བ་ལྟ་བུ་རེད) 
རྒྱུན་ཆད་མེད་པའི་ཚད་ལྡན་ཅན་གྱི་འཕེལ་རིམ་དང་བསྟུན་ནས་རྫོང་ཁ་ཡི་གེ་ནི་སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་རིག་གནས་རྒྱུན་འཛིན་བྱེད་པའི་ལག་ཆ་ལྟ་བུར་གྱུར།  ཡིན་ན་ཡང་ད་ཡིད་འཚོ་བའི་ཁྲོད་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་དེ་ལས་ཟློག་སྟེ།  དཔེར་ན།  རྫོང་ཁ་ཡི་གེའི་བསླབ་དེབ་དཔེ་ཆ་མི་འདང་ལ་གསར་བྱུང་དངོས་པོ་དང་ཚན་རིག་རང་བཞིན་གྱི་ཚིག་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་མཚོན་ཐབས་དཀོན་ཞིང་།  རྫོང་ཁར་དབྱིན་ཡིག་གི་འགྲན་རྩོད་ཁྲོད་བཀག་གནོན་ཡང་ཐེབས་སྲིད་པ་རེད།  དོན་དངོས་སུ་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆེ་འབྲིང་གི་སློབ་ཐུན་མང་པོའི་དགེ་རྒན་དཔུང་སྡེ་ཕལ་ཆེ་བ་ནི་རྒྱ་གར་བ་ཡིན་པ་དང་།  ལྷག་པར་དུ་རང་བྱུང་ཚན་རིག་སོགས་ཀྱི་དགེ་རྒན་དཔུང་སྡེ་ཕལ་ཆེ་རྒྱ་གར་བ་ཡིན་ཞིང་།  རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱིས་ཐད་ཀར་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་སློབ་གསོའི་འགན་ཁུར་ནས་སློབ་ཁྲིད་གནང་གི་ཡོད།  དེར་རྟེན་སློབ་གསོ་ཐོབ་པའི་འབྲུག་པ་མང་ཤས་ཤིག་གིས་དབྱིན་ཡིག་གིས་འབྲི་ཀློག་ཐུབ་ནའང་རྫོང་ཁ་རགས་ཙམ་ལས་ཤེས་ཀྱི་མེད།  
འབྲུག་ཡུལ་དུ་ལྗོངས་རྒྱུའི་གོ་རིམ་ཁྲོད་སྤང་ནག་ཁ་(Punakar) ཡི་ལམ་བར་ཞག་གསོལ་སྒེར་ཁང་གི་ཞང་པ་གིས་གདངས་གསལ་ཞིང་བརྡ་དག་པོའི་དབྱིན་སྐད་ཀྱིས་ང་ལ་ཁ་བརྡ་བྱས་བྱུང་། ཁོས་བཤད་པ་ལྟར་ན་ཁོ་རང་ལོ་དགུའི་རིང་སློབ་གྲྭར་དཔེ་ཆ་བཏོན་པ་ཡིན་ཟེར།  མི་དེའི་དབྱིན་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཆུ་ཚད་ང་རྒྱ་གར་དང་བལ་ཡུལ་ནས་འཕྲད
པའི་སློབ་གསོའི་ཆ་རྐྱེན་འོས་འཚམ་རག་པའི་མི་རྣམས་དང་བསྡུར་ན་བ་ཅང་བཟང་། 
ཡི་གེར་བྲིས་པའི་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་རིན་ཐང་ལ་བལྟ་རིན་ཡོད་པའི་རེ་བ་བཟུང་ནས་རིག་གནས་སྣང་ཚུལ་ཞིག་ལ་གྲོས་ཁ་བྱས་ཤིང་།  ད་རང་ཉིད་བོད་རིག་པ་ཞིབ་འཇུག་བྱེད་མཁན་ཞིག་མིན་ལ་ལོ་རྒྱུས་རིག་པ་བ་ཞིག་ཀྱང་མིན་པའི་ཆ་ནས་རྒྱང་རིང་ཞིང་ཡངས་པའི་འཛམ་གླིང་ལ་སེམས་པ་མཚོན་བྱེད་ཙམ་དུ་ཕུལ་བ་ཡིན།  རིག་གནས་གདན་རབས་ནི་མི་གཞན་ལ་བརྟེན་པ་མིན་ཞིང་།  ཡང་ན་སྲིད་གཞུང་གི་སྲིད་ཇུས་ཡོ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱང་མིན་པར་མི་རིགས་རང་གི་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་དང་རང་ནུས་ལ་བརྟེན་ཡོད།  རང་ནུས་ཀྱི་སྔོན་འགྲོ་ནི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་དངོས་ཡོད་ལ་བལྟས་ལེགས་དགོས་པ་དེ་ཡིན་པ་མ་ཟད། ད་དུད་དངོས་ཡོད་ཁྲོད་འཕེལ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཐབས་བཀོད་རྙེད་ཐུབ་པ་བྱས་ནས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་དགོས།  ངས་བལྟས་ན་བོད་རིགས་ཀྱང་འདི་ལྟར་ཡིན་ལ་མི་རིགས་གཞན་དག་ཀྱང་འདི་ལས་མ་འདས་སྙམ།</text>
      <sha1>mdslrapp0xyz5004fdum3z06v4xlgyp</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>རྗུད་པ་</title>
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      <timestamp>2014-01-15T03:28:25Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Tsebho</username>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;རྗུད་པ་ ལུས་ཀྱི་ཚིལ་ཉུང་ཞིང་ཤ་ཉམས་པ་སྟེ། ལུག་རྗུད་པ།Skinny sheep ཤ་ར...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="366" xml:space="preserve">རྗུད་པ་
ལུས་ཀྱི་ཚིལ་ཉུང་ཞིང་ཤ་ཉམས་པ་སྟེ། ལུག་རྗུད་པ།Skinny sheep ཤ་རྗུད་པ་ཞེས་པ་ལྟ་བུ། 
བུད་མེད་རྗུད་པའི་མཛེས་ཆོས་ Skinny woman's beauty indulgence. meager, emaciated, thin</text>
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རྒྱལ་ཐང་ནི་ཡུན་ནན་ཞིང་ཆེན་གྱི་ནུབ་བྱང་མཚམས་སུ་ཡོད་ལ། ཟི་ཁྲོན་དང་བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ས་མཚམས་སུ་ཆགས་ཡོད། 200 ལོར་ཤམ་བྷ་ལ་ཞེས་མིང་བསྒྱུར། རྒྱལ་ཐང་ནི་བདེ་ཆེན་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་སྲིད་གཞུང་གི་ལྟེ་གནས་ཡིན་ལ།ཡུན་ནན་ཞིང་ཆེན་གྱི་བོད་རིགས་རང་སྐྱོང་ཁུལ་གཅིག་བུ་སྟེ་ཡིན།
དབྱིན་ཇའི་སྐད་དུ་ ''' Shangrila ''' ཟེར་ལ་'''རྒྱལ་ཐང་'''ནི་དབྱིན་ཡིག་གིས་'''Gyalthang'''ཞེས་འབྲི་སྲོལ'ཆགས་  རྒྱ་སྐད་དུ་'''香格里拉'''ཟེར

གསལ་བཤད་བྱ་རྒྱུ་ཞིག་ལ་སྤྱི་ལོ་2014 ཟླ་1པོ་རུ་རྒྱལ་ཐང་རྡོ་མཁར་རྫོང་གྲོང་རྙིང་ལ་མེ་སྐྱོན་ཚབ་ཆེན་བྱུང་སྟེ་ལོ་ངོ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་ལྷག་ཕྱིན་པའི་གནས་མཁར་འདི་ཕར་ཆེར་རྨེག་མེད་དུ་བཏང་བས། གཤམ་དུ་བཀོད་པའི་འགྲུལ་ཁང་དང་། ཟ་དང་། ཆང་ཁང་སོགས་གྲོང་རྙིང་དུ་ཡོད་དག་ཀྱང་མེ་ལ་ཤོར་པ་ཐུགས་ལ་མངའ་པར་བྱ།

==== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུའི་ཡུལ། ====
དགེ་ལྡན་སུམ་རྩེན་གླིང་དགོན་པ། པོ་ཏ་མཚོ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྤྱི་གླིང། རོང་ཆེན་ཁ་བ་དཀར་པོ། ཀོང་རྩེད་རྭ་བ། དོན་འགྲུབ་གླིང་དགོན་པ། གཡང་ཐང་མེ་ཏོག་ཐང་། 
ནགས་ཕག་མཚོ། ཤྭ་ཁ་རི་བོ། རི་བོ་ཨ་བྷོ་ལྗེང་

==== ལྗོངས་རྒྱུ་ཞབས་ཞུ་བ།====

==== འགྲུལ་ཁང་། ====
བྱང་ཆུབ་ཤིང་གུང་སེངས་མགྲོན་ཁང་། Banyantree resort 
སུམ་རྩེན་གླིང་ཁ་དབེན་གནས་མགྲོན་ཁང་། samtsen lingka retreat
སྒྲོལ་མའི་ཁྱིམ། 卓玛的家 Dolma's home
རྒྱལ་ཐང་རྫོང་མགྲོན་ཁང་། Gyalthang Dzong Hotel
ནས་འགྲུལ་ཁང་། Barely Inn

==== ཟ་ཁང་། ====
བྷའ་སུ་ཁར་(རྒྱ་གར་ཟས)
ན་ཡཱ་ཕྱི་ཟས་ཁང་།
ཧེ་ལིན་ཕེ་སཱ་ཁང་།
ཨོ་ལིབ་ཕྱི་ཟས་ཁང་།

==== ཆང་ཁང་། ====
བྱ་རོག་ཆང་ཁང་། The Raven Bar
ན་མ་སི་ངྷི་བྲོ་གར་ཁང་། 
ཁམས་པའི་མེ་ཐབ་བྲོ་གར་ཁང་། Khampa Fireplace
====གནའ་བོའི་གཞུང་ལམ་ཁག ====
རྟ་དྲེལ་སོགས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ནས་ཕྱོགས་ཕན་ཚུན་དུ་འགྲིམ་འགྲུལ་བྱེད་སའི་ས་ལམ་ཆེ་གྲས་ཀྱི་སྐོར།
ཤར་ཕྱོགས་སུ་རྨི་ལི་བརྒྱུད་དར་རྩེ་མདོ་དང་ཁྲིན་དུའུ་སོགས་རྒྱ་ནག་གི་ས་ཁུལ་ཁག་ཏུ་འགྲོ་བའི་ལམ་ཆེན་གཅིག་དང་། ཡང་ཤར་ལྷོའི་ཕྱོགས་ནས་ཐར་ལང་གི་ཡུལ་ལུང་བརྒྱུད་དར་རྩེ་མདོ་སོགས་ལ་འགྲོ་བའི་ལམ་ཆེན་ཁག་གཅིག ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ནས་འཇང་གི་ཡུལ་གྲུ་ཁག་བརྒྱུད་ས་ཐང་(ས་དམ?)སོགས་རྒྱ་ནག་གི་མངའ་སྡེ་ཡུན་ནན་གྱི་ས་ཁུལ་ཁག་ལ་འགྲོ་བའི་ལམ་ཆེན་གཅིག ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་ཀོང་རྩེ་ར་བའི་ཡུལ་དང་ཚ་བ་རོང་པའི་ཡུལ་ཁག་རིམ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱིས་བོད་དབུས་ལྷ་ལྡན་དུ་འགྲོ་བའི་ལམ་ཆེན་གཅིག ལམ་ཆེན་འདི་ཆབ་མདོའི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ནས་ཡོད་པས་ཚ་བ་གོས་ཅན་ཐང་རྫོགས་མཚམས་ནས་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ལ་ཉིན་ཤས་འགྲོ་ན་ཆབ་མདོར་འབྱོར་གྱི་རེད། བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ནས་གཏེར་མ་རོང་པའི་ཡུལ་ཁག་བརྒྱུད་འབའ་པའི་ས་ཁུལ་ཁག་ལ་འགྲོ་བའི་ལམ་ཆེན་གཅིག བྱང་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ནས་སྔོ་ཤོད་བརྒྱུད་ཆ་ཕྲེང་དང་ལི་ཐང་གི་ས་ཁུལ་ཁག་ལ་འགྲོ་བའི་ལམ་ཆེན་གཅིག་བཅས་ཡོད། ལམ་ཆེན་འདི་རྣམས་རྒྱུན་དུ་འགྲུལ་པ་ཁག་གིས་འགྲོ་བསྐྱོད་བྱེད་མུས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ཆེན་ཁག་ཡིན། ལ་ལམ་ཆུང་གྲས་ནི་གྲངས་མེད་པ་ཡོད། 
==== གནའ་བོའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ལྔ====
ཡུལ་འདི་རྫོང་ཁག་སོ་སོ།
ཆེས་དཀར་ལེགས་བྱས་ཀྱི་འབྲས་བུའི་དཔལ་ཡོན་སྟོང་གིས་ཕྱུག་པའི་ཡུལ་ལྗོངས་འདིར་རྫོང་ཁག་ལྔའི་མངའ་ཁོངས་ཡོད་ལ། རྫོང་ཁག་ལྔ་ནི། རྒྱལ་ཐང་ལྟེ་བའི་ཤོག་ཁག་བཅུ་ལ་རྫོང་ཁག་གཅིག་དང་། གཏེར་མ་རོང་ཤོག་བརྒྱད་དང་ལམ་ལམ་ཚན་དགུ་ལ་རྫོང་ཁག་གཅིག ཡང་ཐང་ཤོག་ཆེན་ལྔ་ལ་རྫོང་ཁག་གཅིག འཇང་ཤོག་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ལ་རྫོང་ཁག་གཅིག རོང་པ་ཤོག་ཆེན་ལྔ་ལ་རྫོང་ཁག་གཅིག་བཅས་ཡིན་ཞིང་དེ་དག་ནང་གསེས་ཅུང་ཟད་རྒྱས་པར་ཕྱེ་ན། རྒྱལ་ཐང་ཤོག་བཅུའི་རྫོང་ཁོངས་ལ། སྟག་ལུང་ཤོག་དང་། ཡུ་མོ་ཤོག  སྐྱ་སེར་ཤོག   ཨ་ནུ་ཤོག  རྒྱ་ནུ་ཤོག  ཁུར་རྩེ་ཤོག (འདི་ལ་གོང་ས་ལྔ་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་རྣམ་ཐར་ནང་ཁམས་ཚེས་ཞེས་གསལ)།  ར་བ་བེ་ནུའི་ཤོག་བཅས་ལ་རྒྱལ་ཐང་ཤོག་བཅུ་ཞེས་གྲགས། རྒྱལ་ཐང་ཡུལ་ལྟེ་བའི་བྱང་དང་བྱང་ཤར་ཁུལ་དུ།  གཏེར་མ་རོང་ངབ་སྦྲ་ཙག་རྫོང་ཁོངས་སུ། གཏེར་མ་རོང་མཁར་སྟོད་ཤོག་དང་། མཁར་སྨད་ཤོག   འབྲུག་ཐར་ཤོག  རྡོར་ཚ་ཤོག་བཅས་སྟོད་ཤོག་བཞི་དང་། མདོ་བ་ཤོག  ཨ་བཟང་ཤོག དྲུག་ཅུ་ཤོག  འབྲོག་ཡུལ་ཤོག་བཅས་སྨད་ཤོག་བཞི།  གཞན་ཡང་། ལྷས་གསང་ཤོག ཚ་ལུང་ཤོག  འབར་ལ་ཤོག བཙན་བཟང་ཤོག  ས་གཙང་ཤོག  རྒྱལ་ཟེ་ཤོག  ལུང་བཟང་ཤོག  ནགས་སྐེ(ད)་རགས་ཤོག  རྨ་ལོ་ཤོག  བླང་ཤོད་ཤོག  འགོད་ལ་སྟོད་སྨད།  འཕར་བ་ཤོག  སྒྲ་ཙག་ཤོག་བཅས་ཡོད།  དེ་རྣམས་ལ་གཏེར་མ་ཤོག་བརྒྱད་དང་ལམ་ཚན་དགུ་ཞེས་གྲགས། 
རྒྱལ་ཐང་ལྟེ་བའི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་ཡང་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁོངས་ལ། དར་ར་ཤོག གྲོང་ཆུང་ཤོག ཀི་ཀི་རྫོང་། ལྷོ་རྒྱས་ཤོག ལུང་མདོ་ཤོག་བཅས་ལ་ཡང་ཐང་ཤོག་ཆེན་ལྔ་ཞེས་གྲགས།
ཡང་ཐང་གི་ཤར་ལྷོ་དང་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་འཇང་རྫོང་ཁོངས་ལ། ལར་བབས་ཤོག  ཀེའུ་སྦ་སྦྲིལ་ཤོག འུ་ཡག་གླས་ལུང་། ཨ་ལ་མགོ། ལ་མ་དང་ཧར་སྦར། སྒ་ལོ་གྲོང་(བསམ་སྤོ་འབེལ། འཇང་རྒྱས་ཤོག བསང་བཅའི་ཤོག གླ་རྫི་འགོ་དང་། ཟམ་ཁ་ཤོག་བཅས་ཡོད་པ་དེ་དག་ལ་འཇང་ཤོག་བརྒྱད་ཅེས་གྲགས)
རྒྱལ་ཐང་ལྟེ་བའི་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་རོང་པ་རྫོང་ཁོངས་ལ་། ཐང་སྟོད་ཤོག  ཐར་སྟེང་ཐང་སྨད་ཤོག རི་བཞིན་དང་མཁར་མར་ཡུལ་བཞི། བང་སོ་མཁར་འགོ་བཞི ཁྲམ་རྟགས། ནགས་སྟེང་། འཛམས་འཕྲུལ། ཉིན་ཤེར་ཤོག གླེའུ་ལུང་ཡུལ་གྲོང་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཤོག་གཅིག་བཅས་ཡོད་པ་དེ་དག་ལ་རོང་པ་ཤོག་ཆེན་ལྔ་ཞེས་གྲགས་སོ། 
རོང་ཡུལ་གྱི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ལ་རོང་པ་ཤོག་ཆེན་ལྔའི་ཤོག་སྣོན་ལྟ་བུ་རྒྱ་ཞིང་གི་ཡུལ་ཚོ་ཁག་ཡོད། གོང་གསལ་ཡུལ་སྡེ་དེ་རྣམས་ནི་མི་སྡེའི་གྲས་ཤ་སྟག་ཡིན། ཤོག་ཁག་དེ་རྣམས་ལ་དུད་ཚང་ཐེམ་གྲངས་བརྒྱ་སྐོར་རེ་ལས་མ་ཉུང་བ་ཡོད་ཅིང་། འཇང་གི་ཤོག་ཁག་གྲས་ནས་ཐེམ་གྲངས་སྟོང་ཕྲག་བརྒལ་བ་མང་པོ་ཡོད། འདི་དག་ལ་དབང་ལུང་བསྒྱུར་བ་པོའི་དཔོན་རབས་རྣམས་འོག་ཏུ་གསལ།
ལ་སྡེའམ་ཆོས་སྡེའི་གྲས།  རྒྱལ་ཐང་ལྟེ་བའི་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་སུ་རྒྱལ་སྡེ་ཤོག་བཞི་དང་། དེའི་ཤར་གྱི་འདབས་འབྲེལ་དུ་རྩྭ་སྙིང་ཤོག་ཁག་གཉིས། རྒྱལ་ཐང་དགོན་ཆེན་གྱི་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་སུ། གནས་གཞི་དང་། གླང་ཐང་། མཆོད་རྫོང་། དར་ར། སྤེ་གླང་། བུམ་སྤེ། ལ་ལུང་། ནགས་ཕག གཟིག་རུ་རྒྱབ། རྒྱལ་ཐང་གི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་ཡང་ཐང་བོན་དགོན་ཞེས་པའི་ཡུལ་ཁག་གཉིས། མཚོ་འགོ་ལུང་། མཁར་སྣ་བཅས་རྒྱུན་དུ་དགོན་པའི་བདག་ཐོབ་ཀྱི་ལྷ་སྡེའི་གྲས་ཡིན། དེ་རྣམས་ལ་ཆོས་སྡེ་སུམ་བརྒྱ་དང་བླ་སྡེ་བདུན་ཅུ་ཞེས་གྲགས་ཤིང་།
ཆོས་སྡེ་སུམ་བརྒྱ་ནི་གོང་ས་ལྔ་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་རྣམ་ཐར་དུ་ཀུ་ལའི་གོས་བཟང་ལས། རྒྱལ་ཐང་དགའ་ལྡན་སུམ་རྩེན་གླིང་ལ་དུད་སུམ་བརྒྱའི་རྐང་འགྲོ་ལག་འདོན་དང་། གཤོར་འདེབས་སོགས་སྦྱོར་བཇགས་མཛད་ཚུལ་གསལ་བར་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་དགོན་སྡེ་སྤྱིའི་ཞབས་འདེགས་ཞུ་མི་དང་། བླ་སྡེ་བདུན་ཅུ་ནི་བླ་བྲང་མཁན་པ་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱི་ཞབས་འདེགས་སྒྲུབ་མི་ཡིན། གཞན་ཡང་སྟོད་སྨད་བར་གསུམ་གྱི་ཡུལ་ཁག་གཞན་ནས་བྲོས་བྱོལ་དུ་ཡོང་སྟེ་ཡུལ་ལུང་འདིར་གཞིས་ཆགས་གཏན་སྡོད་བྱེད་པའི་དུད་ཚང་བརྒྱ་ཕྲག་མང་པོ་ཡོད། དེ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ནང་ནས་ཟ་ཁང་འཛིན་མི་དང་། ཚོང་ལས་ཙག་ཙིག འཚེམ་བཟོ། ལྷམ་མཁན། ཀོ་བའི་དངོས་ཆས་སྤུས་ལེགས་བཟོ་བསྐྲུན། ཚོན་རྩིའི་ལས་དང་། ལྷ་བཟོ་དང་ལྷ་བྲིས། རྡོ་བཟོ་ཤིང་བཟོ་མཁས་པ། གསེར་དངུལ་ཟངས་སོགས་ལ་དཀྲོལ་ཚགས་བརྡུང་གསུམ་གྱི་དངོས་རིགས་སྤུས་ལེགས་བཟོ་མི། ཆོས་འདོན་པ་དང་། རང་མོས་ལས་གླས་འཚོ་བ་སོགས་གང་ལྟར་འཚོ་གོས་རང་མགོ་ཐོན་ངེས་ཤ་སྟག་ཡོད། རྒྱལ་ཐང་ཡུལ་སྡེ་སྤྱི་ལ་དུད་ཁྱིམ་ཆེ་ཆུང་བསྡོམས་ཐེམ་གྲངས་ཆིག་ཁྲི་ལྷག་སྐོར་ཡོད། ཡུལ་གྲོང་དེ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ཁང་པའི་བཟོ་དབྱིབས་ནི་ཕལ་ཆེར་བོད་དབུས་ཀྱི་ཁང་པ་དང་མཚུངས་ཤིང་། རྩིག་པ་རྣམས་རབ་རྡོ་རྩིག་རྐྱང་པ་དང་། འབྲིང་རྣམས་རྡོ་རྩིག་གི་ཁ་ནས་གྱང་སྲ་བརྟན་དང་། མ་མཐའ་ཡང་རྡོ་རྩིག་གི་སྟེང་ནས་ས་ཕག་བརྩེགས་པ་མ་གཏོགས་རྩ་ཤིང་རྐྱང་པའི་ཁང་པ་བཟོ་སྲོལ་མེད། ཐོག་ས་ཉིས་བརྩེགས་ནས་ལྔ་བརྩེགས་བར་ཡོད། སྒོ་དང་སྐར་ཁུང་གི་འགྲམ་རྒྱན་ནག་རྩི་དང་། ཐོག་སོ་སོའི་ཐོག་རྒྱན་ཤིང་དཀྲོལ་བརྐོས་ཚོན་རྩི་ཅན་གྱིས་བརྒྱན་པ་སོགས་བོད་དབུས་པའི་སྲོལ་ལྟར་ཡིན། ཁང་པའི་ཐོག་ཁར་ལྷ་ཐོ་རེ་དང་བསངས་ཐབ་རེ། དར་ལྕོག་འཛུགས་པ། རྒྱལ་སྒོའི་ཉེ་འཁྲིས་སུ་དར་ཆེན་འཛུགས་པ་དང་། ལམ་བར་ཁག་ཏུ་མ་ཎི་རྡོ་འབུམ་དང་། ཚ་ཁང་ཁག་བཅས་དར་སྲོལ་ཆེན་པོ་ཡོད། 
དགོན་སྡེ་ཁག་གི་ཁང་པའི་དབྱིབས་སོགས་ནི། བོད་དབུས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་སྡེ་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་སོགས་ཇི་བཞིན་ལས་མི་འདྲ་བ་ཆེར་མེད། 
==== དགེ་འདུན་པའི་ཞལ་གྲངས====
ཡུལ་མི་ཚོའི་ངག་རྒྱུན་ལ་སུམ་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་ཞེས་གྲགས་ཀྱང་གོང་ས་ལྔ་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་རྣམ་ཐར་ནང་དུ་དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་གྲངས་ཚད་དེ་ལྔ་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་ཞེས་བཀོད་འདུག དེ་ནས་དགེ་འདུན་གྲངས་འབོར་རིམ་འཕེལ་གྱིས་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་བསྐལ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་སྐུ་དུས་སུ་དགེ་འདུན་ཞལ་གྲངས་ཆིག་སྟོང་སུམ་བརྒྱའི་སྐོར་འཕེལ་རྒྱས་བྱུང་འདུག་པ་ནི། རྒྱལ་མཆོག་བསྐལ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་རྣམ་ཐར་ལས། རྒྱལ་ཐང་སུམ་རྩེན་གླིང་དགེ་འདུན་ཆིག་སྟོང་སུམ་བརྒྱའི་སྐོར་ལ་ཕྱག་མདུད་དང་བྱིན་རྟེན། སྤྱི་འཇོག་ཏུ་རྒྱལ་བའི་བཀའ་འགྱུར་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཚལ་དཔར་མ་གླེགས་ཐག་བཅས་ཆ་ཚང་སྤུས་དག་དང་། ཇི་སྲིད་རྒྱལ་བསྟན་ནམ་གནས་བར་ལོ་ལྟར་ས་ག་ཟླ་བའི་ནང་དུ་གསུང་སྒྲོགས་གནང་རྒྱུའི་ཐེབས་བཅས་སྩལ། ཞེས་གསུངས་པར་སྣང་ངོ་། དེ་ནས་ཡུལ་དགོན་གཉིས་ཀ་ཆོས་སྲིད་གང་ཐད་ནས་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཆེ་བོར་བརྟེན་དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་སྡེ་ཡང་ཇེ་རྒྱས་ཇེ་འཕེལ་གྱིས་དགེ་འདུན་ཞལ་གྲངས་ཆིག་སྟོང་ལྔ་བརྒྱའི་སྐོར་རིམ་འཕེལ་འགྲོ་བཞིན་པའི་སྐབས་སུ། བར་ལམ་ཞིག་ནས་ཡུལ་ལུང་འདི་རྒྱ་ནག་གི་མངའ་འོག་ལྟ་བུར་ཚུད་པས་ལོ་ལྟར་དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་འབྲུ་ཕོགས་དེ་བཞིན་ཡུལ་དེར་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱ་མིའི་དཔོན་རིགས་དང་ལག་སྒྲེལ་ཐོག་འབུལ་དགོས་པར་བརྟེན་རྒྱ་རིགས་ལས་བྱེད་པས་དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་གྲངས་འབོར་འཕེལ་རྒྱས་ཆེ་ཞིང་ཡུལ་འདིའི་འབྲུ་ཁྲལ་གྱིས་ལྡེང་མིན་སོགས་ཀ་ཀོར་མང་པོ་བཤད་མཐར་དགེ་འདུན་ཞལ་གྲངས་ཆིག་སྟོང་ལྔ་བརྒྱ་སྐོར་ལ་ཚད་འཛིན་བཟོ་དགོས་བྱུང་འདུག་ཀྱང་། དགེ་འདུན་གྲངས་ཚད་ལས་བརྒལ་བའི་གསར་ཞུགས་རྣམས་ལ་དགོན་པ་སྤྱི་གཞུང་དང་། ཁང་ཚན་སོ་སོའི་འཆར་འཕར་གྱི་གཏོང་སྒོ་ཡོད་རིགས་དང་། འབྲུ་དངུལ་གྱི་ཕོགས་དང་འགྱེད་སོགས་དགེ་འདུན་བྱིངས་དང་འདྲ་མཚུངས་སུ་འབུལ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པས་དགེ་འདུན་གྲངས་ཚད་ལས་ལྷག་པ་རྣམས་ལའང་འཚོ་ཆས་ལྡེང་ངེས་ལྷག་དང་བཅས་པ་ཡོད། ཕྱིས་སུ་དགེ་འདུན་གསར་ཞུགས་མང་སྟབས་དགེ་འདུན་ཞལ་གྲངས་ཉིས་སྟོང་ལྷག་སྐོར་བཞུགས། དགེ་འདུན་གྲངས་ཚད་འདི་བཞིན་བཞུགས་པ། སྐྱབས་གཅིག་བཀྲིན་ཟླ་མེད་སྐྱབས་རྗེ་ཡོངས་འཛིན་ཁྲི་བྱང་རྡོ་རྗེ་འཆང་ཆེན་པོ་རང་གི་སྐྱོང་ཡུལ་གཞིས་དགོན་ཆ་ཕྲེང་(ཕྱག་ཕྲེང་)བསམ་འཕེལ་གླིང་དུ་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་ཏེ།  ལོ་ཤས་རིང་ཡུལ་དེའི་སྐལ་ལྡན་གདུལ་བྱ་རྣམས་ལ་རང་རང་གི་བློ་མོས་དང་འཚམས་པའི་ཟབ་རྒྱས་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བདུད་རྩིས་ཚིམས་པར་མཛད་པས་མངོན་མཐོ་དང་ངེས་ལེགས་ཀྱི་ས་བོན་གྲུང་པོ་བསྐྲུན་པར་མཛད་པ་སོགས་རྨད་བྱུང་ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་མཛད་འཕྲིན་ལེགས་གྲུབ་ཐོག སླར་ཡང་དབུས་འགྱུར་ཆོས་ལྡན་གྱི་ཞིང་དུ་ཆིབས་བསྒྱུར་བསྐྱངས་ཞོར་རང་ཅག་རྒྱལ་ཐང་པའི་དགོན་ཡུལ་སྤྱིའི་བསོད་ནམས་ཀྱི་མགོན་དུ་སུམ་རྩེན་གླིང་དུ་ཞབས་སོར་འཁོད་དེ། ཉིན་གྲངས་ཉི་ཤུའི་སྐོར་དགྱེས་བཞིན་སྤྲོ་བཞུགས་དང་། དགེ་འདུན་ཉིས་སྟོང་སྐོར་ལ་ཟབ་རྒྱས་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བདུད་རྩིའི་སྒོ་སྐལ་དབང་ཆེན་དང་ལམ་རིམ་སོགས་མདོ་སྔགས་ཀྱི་ཟབ་ཆོས་མང་པོས་སྨིན་གྲོལ་གྱི་ལམ་ལ་འགོད་པ་དང་། ཆོས་སྡེའི་སྒྲིག་ཁོངས་སུ་བཞུགས་བདེང་རྒྱག་(?) གནང་མཛད་ཅིང་ཁང་ཚན་སོ་སོར་ཡང་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་ཏེ་ཆོས་འབྲེལ་རེ་དང་བསྙེན་བཀུར་རེ་བཅས་ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ་རླབས་པོ་ཆེ་ཇི་ལྟར་མཛད་ཚུལ་རྗེ་ཉིད་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ་ཆེན་མོར་ལམ་ཙམ་གསལ།

====རང་བྱུང་གི་གཏེར་ཁ་སོགས་ཡུལ་འདིའི་ཐོན་ཁུངས་ཀྱི་སྐོར།====
རྒྱུན་དུ་བརྐོ་འདོན་བྱེད་བཞིན་པའི་གསེར་གྱི་གཏེར་ཁ་ཁག་བཅུ་གཉིས་དང་། དངུལ་གྱི་གཏེར་ཁ་ཁག་གཉིས། ཟངས་ཀྱི་གཏེར་ཁ་ཁག་གཉིས། ལྕགས་ཀྱི་གཏེར་ཁ་ཁག་གསུམ། ཞ་ཉེ་དང་མུ་ཟིའི་ཐོན་ཁུངས་མང་པོ་ཡོད། ཡང་གསེར་དངུལ་སོགས་ཀྱི་གཏེར་ཁ་ཁག་མང་བཀོ་འདོན་མི་ཆོག་པ་དང་། འདོན་སྲོལ་མེད་པ་ཡང་མང་པོ་ཡོད། ཡང་ཡུལ་གྱི་སྟོད་སྨད་བར་གསུམ་དུ་ཆེད་གཉེར་བཀོ་འདོན་མ་དགོས་པར་རང་བྱུང་ཟངས་དང་། དངུལ་ཆུ།གཡུ་བཟང་དང་གཟིའི་རིགས་སོགས་རྙེད་མི་མང་པོ་ཡོད། དེ་ལྟར་ཟངས་སོགས་ཀྱི་ཐོན་ཁུངས་གཞན་འགྲན་བྲལ་བ་ཡོད་པར་བརྟེན་བོད་གཞུང་དགའ་ལྡན་ཕོ་བྲང་པ་ཆེན་པོས་རྒྱལ་ཐང་ཁུལ་ལ་ལོ་ལྟར་ཟངས་སྒྲུབ་སྡེ་པ་རེ་གཏོང་སྲོལ་ཡོད།

==== བོད་ཚོན ====
བོད་ཚོན་སྤུས་ལེགས་མཐིང་དམར་ལྗང་གསུམ་དང་། བ་བླ། བཙག་དམར། ས་དཀར། ས་སེར། རྫ་ས། ཨརྒའི་ས་སོགས་དང་། 

==== རྡོ་སྨན ====
རྡོ་སྨན་ཅོང་ཞི་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་གསུམ་དང་། གཡང་ཊི་ལྟ་བུའི་རྡོ་ཆེན་ཐོག་སྟག་སེང་ཁྱུང་འབྲུག་དང་། རྫས་རྟགས་སོགས་ཀྱི་རི་མོ་བརྐོས་དཀྲོལ་བྱས་ཏེ་དགོན་སྡེ་ཁག་གི་སྒོ་འཆོར་གྱི་འགྲམ་སྐྱོར་དང་། སྒེར་ཁག་གི་རྒྱལ་སྒོའི་འགྲམ་རྒྱན་དང་། རྒྱལ་སྐས་ཀྱི་སྟེགས་བུའི་རྒྱན་སོགས་བཟོ་བྱེད་རྡོའི་རིགས་སྤུས་ལེགས་ཤིག་དང་། རྒྱ་སྒོ་སྲ་བརྟན་ཅན་དང་། རྡོ་གཡམ་དང་བརྡར་རྡོ། རྡོ་ཞུན། མེ་རྡོ་དཀར་ནག ཉི་མ་ཁ་ཆུ་སོགས་རྡོའི་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་དུ་མ་དང་།

==== ཤིང་རིགས ====
ཤིང་གི་རིགས་སྤྱིར་ཡུལ་གྱི་རྒྱ་ཁྱབ་ཏུ་ནགས་ཚལ་སྟུག་པོས་ནམ་མཁའ་མི་མངོན་པ་དང་བགྲོད་ལམ་མི་རྙེད་པའི་ནགས་ཀླུང་མཛད་མཐའ་མེད་པ་ལྟ་བུས་ཡོངས་སུ་ཁྱབ་ཡོད། ནགས་ཚལ་ཕལ་ཆེ་བའི་ནང་དུ། མདོང་ཤིང་དང་མདོང་དཀར། འདི་གཉིས་ལ་གསོམ་ཤིང་ཟེར། ཐང་ཤིང་དཀར་ནག་གཉིས། འདི་ལ་སྒྲོན་མེ་ཤིང་ཟེར། འཚག་ཤིང་། འཁྲིགས་ཤིང་། སྟག་མ་དང་སྟག་ཆུང་ཤིང་། བེ་རྡོ་ཤིང་། ལ་ལྦ་དང་། པན་ཙན་ཤིང་། འོ་སེ་ཤིང་། ཤུག་པ་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་གསུམ། ཤུག་པ་ཤུག་ལེབ། འདི་ལ་ཡུལ་མིས་ཙན་དན་ཟེར། ཨ་ག་རུའི་ཤིང་། འཛོ་མོ་ཤིང་། ཇ་ཤིང་། རེ་ལྕགས་ཤིང་། རླན་རྒྱུག་ཤིང་། སྤོས་དཀར་དང་གུལ་གུལ་ནག་པོའི་ཤིང་། གྲོ་བ་ཤིང་། སེང་ལྡེང་། སྦྱར་པ་དང་སྦྱར་སྐྱ་ཤིང་། བླང་མ། ལྕང་མ་མི་འདྲ་བ་གསུམ། སྤ་མ། སུ་ལུ་དཀར་ནག སྐྱེར་པ། བྲག་ཆེར་དཀར་ནག སེ་བ། སྨྱུག་མ། སྦ་སྨྱུག སྨྱུག་ཤེད། ལུང་ཐང་། འབོ་དེ་རྩེ། ཚེར་རུའི་ཤིང་། རྒྱ་རྩིའི་ཤིང་སོགས་ཤིང་གི་རྣམ་གྲངས་མང་པོ་ཡོད། 


==== འབྲས་བུ་ཅན་གྱི་ཤིང་ ====
ཁམ་སྐྱ། ཁབ་སེར། ཤ་ཁམ། ལོ་གསུམ་ཁམ་བུ། མངར་ཁམ་སོགས་བུའི་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་མང་པོ་དང་། སྟར་ཁ་མི་འདྲ་བ་ཁག་བཞི། ཚ་ལུ་མ། ཀུ་ཤུ་མི་འདྲ་བ་མང་པོ། ལི་(ཆང་བ་ལི)་མི་འདྲ་བ་མང་པོ།
སེའུ། སེ་འབྲུ་མངར་སྐྱུར་ཁག་མང་། རྒུན་འབྲུམ་དཀར་ནག་གཉིས། ཡང་རྒུན་འབྲུམ་ཆུང་བ། རོང་ས་ཁག་ཏུ་ཤིང་ནགས་ཀྱི་གསེབ་ཏུ་རང་གར་སྐྱེས་ཤིང་སྨིན་པ་མདོག་ནག་པོ་དང་རོ་ཤིན་ཏུ་མངར་བ་ཞིག་ཡོད། ཨ་སྨྲའི་འབྲས་བུ་ཆེ་ཆུང་གཉིས། ཆུང་བ་ལ་སོས་ནག་ཟེར། འབྲུག་སོས་ཟེར་བ་ཚེར་བ་ཚེར་ཤིང་གི་འབྲས་བུ་རོ་མངར་ཅན་ཞིག ར་རྒྱུག་སོས་ཟེར་བ་ཚེར་ཤིང་སྡོང་པོ་ཆེན་པོ་ཞིག་གི་འབྲས་བུ་ཆུང་ཆུང་རོ་བཅུད་གསེར་ལི་དང་འདྲ་བ་ཞིག་ཡོད། འདི་ལ་ལུང་ཚན་འགར་ཁྱོ་སོས་ཕག་སོས་ཟེར། བུ་རམ་ཤིང་དང་། ཀེ་ལའི་སྡོང་པོ། སྟག་ཚེར་དཀར་ནག་གཉིས་སོགས་མང་དུ་ཡོད། སྟག་ཚེར་དཀར་པོའི་འབྲས་བུ་མདོག་སེར་པོ་རོ་བཅུད་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ཞིག་ཡོད། འདི་ལ་ཡུལ་མི་རྣམས་ཀྱི་རང་སྐད་ལ་ཁྲུ་མ་ཞེས་གྲགས་ཤིང་ཐོན་ཁུངས་ཀྱང་ཆེ་བའི་གྲས་ཡིན། 


==== ཤ་མོང་གི་རིགས་ ====
ཤོ་མོང་གསེར་ཤ། བེ་རྡོའི་ཤ་མོང་འདི་གཉིས་སྐམ་པོ་བྱས་ཏེ་རྒྱ་ནག་གི་ཡུལ་སོགས་ལ་རྒྱ་ཆེར་བཙོང་སྲོལ་ཡོད། དཀར་ཤ། མདོང་ཤ་མོང་། ཤ་མོང་བྱི་བ་རྐང་ལག ཤ་མོང་ལུ་ཟེར་བ་སོགས་ཤ་མོང་མི་འདྲ་བ་དུ་མ་ཡོད། 

གཡེར་མ་དང་གཡེར་ཅན། གོ་སྙོད། ས་ཚོད། རི་སྒོག སྒ་སྨུག པུད་སྣ་སོགས་ཤ་སྨན་གྱི་རིགས་དུ་མ་ཡོད།

==== སྔོ་ཚོད་ ====
མོག་རོ། དབྲ་ཤག གོ་བོ་ཚོད་མ། དབུར་བོང་སོགས་རི་ཀླུང་ཐང་གསུམ་དུ་རང་གར་སྐྱེས་པའི་སྔོ་ཚོད་ཀྱི་རིགས་དུ་མ་ཡོད། དབུར་བོང་ཞེས་པ་དེ་རི་མཐོ་སར་མདོང་ཤིང་གི་གསེབ་ཏུ་སྐྱེས་ཤིང་སྐམ་པོ་བྱས་ནས་རྒྱ་ཡུལ་སོགས་ལ་འགྲོ་བའི་ཚལ་རིགས་ཤིག་ཡིན། ཆེད་གཉེར་བཏབ་པའི་སྔོ་ཚོད་གྲས་པད་ཚལ་དང་། ཆིན་ཚལ། ལོ་གོར་པད་ཚལ། འཕུལ་ཀོ་ཕེ། ཇིན་ཚལ། ཅུམ་ཚལ། ཊོ་མ་ཊོ། བཙོང་། བཙོང་ལེབ། འུ་སི་འདི་ལ་བོད་དབུས་པས་བསོད་ནམས་པད་འཛོམས་ཟེར། ཞོ་གོག་དཀར་མར་གཉིས། གོང་ལ་ཕུག རྒྱ་ལ་ཕུག ཉུང་མ་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་དུ་མ། དབུར་སིན། ཕག་ཤེ་མི་འདྲ་བཞི་སྐོར། གཞན་ཡང་སྔོ་ཚོད་ཀྱི་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་མང་པོ་དང་ཐོན་ཁུངས་བཟང་ངེས་ཡོད། དེ་བཞིན་རི་ཀླུང་ཐང་གསུམ་དུ་སྐྱེས་པའི་མེ་ཏོག་གི་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་དུ་མ་ཡོད་ཀྱང་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་བརྗོད་ཀྱིས་མི་ལང་ངོ་།

====སོ་ནམ་པའི་ས་ཞིང་འདེབས་ལས་བྱེད་སྟངས་སྐོར་ ====
ཞིང་ལུད་གསོག་འདོན་བྱས་ཏེ་ས་བོན་ཐོག་མར་འདེབས་པ་དང་། རྨོ་པ་ཐོག་མར་འགོ་འཛུགས་སྐབས་བཅས་ལ་རྨོ་པ་རྒྱག་མི་མཐོང་མཁན་དང་། ས་བོན་འདེབས་པ་པོ་མིང་བཀྲ་བཟང་ཞིང་དབང་པོ་ཚང་བ་ལོ་ན་གཞོན་པ་ཞིག་གྱོན་གཟབ་འཆོར་དང་བཅས་སྐར་རྩིས་མཁས་པས་རྩིས་འབྲས་ལྟར་འཕྲོད་སྦྱོར་དགེ་བའི་ཉིན་ཕྱོགས་གཙང་ལ་ཁ་བསྟན་ནས་དུས་ཚོད་འཕྱུག་མེད་ཐོག་ས་བོན་འདེབས་ཤིང་མཐོང་མཁན་གྱིས་མཛོ་དང་གླང་གོག་འདུལ་སྦྱོང་ལེགས་པར་བྱས་པ་གཉིས་གཤིབས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ནས་རྨོ་པ་རྒྱག་འགོ་ཚུགས་དགོས་པ་དང་དེའི་ཉིན་ཇ་ཆང་སོགས་འདོད་ཡོན་བཟང་པོར་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་པ་སོགས་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གང་ལེགས་བྱ་སྲོལ་ཡོད། 

====སྟོན་འབྲས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་གྲངས་ ====
འབྲུ་རིགས་ནས་དཀར་ནག་གཉིས་དང་། སོ་བ་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་གསུམ་བཞི། གྲོ་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་གསུམ། སྲན་མ་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་ལྔ་སྐོར། བྲ་བོ་དཀར་ནག་སྐྱ་གསུམ། ཏིལ་དཀར་ནག ཡུངས་དཀར། པད་ཁ། སོ་མ་ར་ཙ། ཉི་མ་མེ་ཏོག་གི་འབྲས་བུ། རོང་ས་ཁག་ཏུ་འབྲས། ཁྲེ་དང་ཙི་ཛི། མ་རྨོས་པའི་ལོ་ཏོག སུ་པན། སྒ་སྨུག སྒོག་བཙོང་སོགས་མང་དུ་ཡོད། རྒྱལ་ཐང་ཡུལ་ལྟེ་བ་དང་ཡང་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁོངས། རྫོང་ཁག་གཞན་འགའ་ཞིག་གི་ས་མཐོའི་ཡུལ་ལུང་རེ་ཟུང་བཅས་ལ་ལོ་རེར་སྟོན་འབྲས་ཐེངས་རེ་དང་། དེ་མིན་ཡུལ་གྱི་རྒྱ་ཁྱབ་ཚང་མར་ལོ་རེ་ལ་སྟོན་འབྲས་ཐེངས་གཉིས་རེ་སྨིན་པ་དང་། ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཀྱི་གཙོ་བོ་གྲོའི་རིགས་དང་ནས་ཀྱི་རིགས། བྲ་བོའི་རིགས་རྣམས་ལོ་ལེགས་བྱུང་ན་སུམ་ཅུའི་སྐོར་ཐང་དང་། སྤྱིར་བཏང་བྲིས་ཁལ་ཞེས་ཉི་ཤུའི་སྐོར་ཐང་དང་། མ་མཐའ་ཡང་བཅོ་ལྔའི་སྐོར་ཐང་ལས་མ་ཉུང་བ་བཅས་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་བཟང་བའི་རྩེ་མོར་སོན་ངེས་ཤིག་ཡིན་ནོ།། 

====སྲོག་ཆགས་ཀྱི་སྐོར་  ====
རི་ཀླུང་སྐམ་གཤེར་ལ་གནས་པའི་སྲོག་ཆགས་ཀྱི་སྐོར། བདག་ཏུ་མ་བཟུང་བའི་སྲོག་ཆགས། གསའ་ཞེས་པའི་གཅན་གཟན་གཟུགས་དབྱིབས་དང་ཆེ་ཆུང་སྟག་དང་མཚུངས་པ་ལ་སྤུ་མདོག་སྐྱ་ལོག་ལོག་ཅིག་ཡོད། དེ་ནི་རི་མཐོན་པོའི་སྒང་གཡའ་རྫ་དང་གངས་རིའི་མཚམས་ཀྱི་ནགས་ཁྲོད་ལ་ཡོད། སྟག་(?)  གཟིག དོམ། དྲེད་མོ། གཡི་ཁྲ། གཡི་དཀར། བྱའི་གཡི། སྤྱང་ཀི འཕར་ར། ཝ་མོ། སྦེད་ཅེས་པ་ཝ་མོ་འདྲ་བ་ལ་རྔ་མའི་རྩེར་དཀར་པོ་མེད་པ་ཞིག  དྲེད་འབམ། སྲམ། ཨོག་དཀར། སྲེ་མོང་། 

====རི་དྭགས་གྲས་ ====
ཤ་བ་དང་། མནའ་བ། ར་རྒོད། རྒྱ་བ་ལང་། རི་ཕག། གླ་བ། ཁ་ཤ། ནགས་བེ། འཕྱི་བ། ཟེ་མོང་། རི་བོང་། རྫབ་ར། བྱི་བ། སྤྲ་དང་སྤྲེའུ་སོགས་རིགས་མང་པོ་ཡོད། 

====འདབ་ཆགས་ཀྱི་གྲས་ ====
བྱ་རྒོད་དང་། གོ་བོ། བྱ་གླག ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་སྐེ་རིང་། ལྷ་བྱ་གོང་མོ། རྒྱ་བྱ། དབྲོང་བྱ། བྱ་དཀར། རི་བྱ་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་གསུམ། ནེ་ཙོ། ཁྲའི་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་གསུམ།    ཁུ་བྱུག པིང་ཀྱུ་མ། འདི་ལ་ཡོལ་བ་ཟེར། འུག་པ། སྲིན་བྱ། སྲེག་པ། ཕོག་རོག(ཕོ་རོག) ཁྭ་ཏ། སྐྱུང་ཀ སྐྱ་ཁ། ཕུག་རོན། ཐེ་པ། ཁུག་ཏ། སྤུད་སྤུད་ཀུ་ཤུད།  གཞན་ཡང་ཤིང་ནགས་གསེབ་ཏུ་བྱ་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་མང་པོ་ཡོད། ངང་དཀར། ངང་སེར། ངུར་བ། ཆུ་བྱ་ནག་པོ་གཟུགས་སྟོབས་ཆེ་བ་ཞིག་དང་། ཆུ་སྐྱར་སོགས་ཆུར་གནས་ཀྱི་བྱའི་རིགས་མང་པོ་ཡོད། བྱེའུ་འཇོལ་མོ་དང་། འཇོལ་ཡ། 

====རི་བྱི་ ====
ཁང་བྱི། འདག་བྱི། ཆུ་བྱི། གསེར་བྱི་དང་དངུལ་བྱི། འབྲོག་བྱི། པགས་བྱི། བྱིའུ་བག་མ་སོགས་བྱིའུ་རིགས་གྲངས་ཀྱིས་མི་ལང་བ་ལྟ་བུ་ཡོད། གཞན་ཡང་ཉ་སྦྲུལ་སྦལ་གསུམ། རྐང་བརྒྱ་ལག་བརྒྱ། ཕྱེ་མ་ལེབ་སོགས་འབུ་སྲིན་གྱི་རིགས་འདྲ་མིན་སྣ་ཚོགས་པ་བརྗོད་ཀྱིས་མི་ལང་བ་ཡོད། 


====སྒོ་ཕྱུགས་ ====
བདག་ཏུ་བཟུང་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་གྲས། རྟ་དང་དྲེའུ། འབྲི་གཡག མཛོ་དང་མཛོ་མོ། བ་གླང་། ར་ལུག བོང་བུ། ཁྱི་ཕག ཁྱིམ་བྱ་བཅས་གསོ་སྐྱོང་དང་བདག་ཉར་བྱེད་པ་རེད། ཁྱིམ་ཚང་རབ་འབྲིང་ཕལ་ཆེ་བས་ཞིང་འབྲོག་གཉིས་ཀའི་འཚོ་ཐབས་དང་ཚོང་ལས་རྒྱ་ཆེར་བྱེད་ཅིང་། ཁྱིམ་ཚང་དཀྱུས་མ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་གཙོ་བོར་ཞིང་ལས་དང་། བ་ཕྱུགས་དང་བོང་བུ་ར་ལུག་བྱ་ཕག་བཅས་གསོ་ཉར་དང་ཚོང་ལས་ཙག་ཙིག་བཅས་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་འཚོ་ཐབས་སྒྲུབ་པའི་སྲོལ་ཡོད། རྒྱལ་ཐང་གི་ཡུལ་ལུང་འདིར་ས་ཞིང་མེད་པའི་འབྲོག་པ་བོད་ཀྱི་བྱང་གི་འབྲོག་ཆེན་ཁག་ལྟ་བུ་ཡོད་པ་མ་རེད། ཡུལ་འབྲོག་ཁག་གི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་གཙོ་བོར་མར་དང་། ཐུད། ཟོ་ཐུད། རྩིད་པ། ཁུ་ལུ། ལུག་བལ། ཤ་དང་པགས་རིགས། རྔ་མ་སོགས་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་རྒྱ་ཆེར་ཡོད་ཅིང་། རྟ་ཕྱུགས་དང་ལུག་བཅས་ཀྱི་གཞོན་སྐྱེས་འཕེལ་ཐབས་དང་གསོ་སྐྱོང་གང་ལེགས་བྱེད་པ་རེད། ཁྱིམ་ཚང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་རབ་གྲས་ལ་འབྲི་མོ་བརྒྱ་ནས་སྟོང་ཕྲག་བརྒལ་བ་ཡོད་པ་མང་པོ་དང་། མཛོ་མོ་ལྔ་བཅུ་ནས་བརྒྱ་ཕྲག་བརྒལ་བ་མང་པོ་ཡོད། ལུག་དཀར་ནག་ཁྱོན་ཆེ་དང་། རྟ་རྒོད་མ་བརྒྱ་ཕྲག་ལྷག་པ་མང་པོ་དང་། དེ་བཞིན་མཛོ་གཡག་དང་། རྟ་དྲེལ་སོགས་ཀྱང་ཁྱོན་ཆེ་གསོ་ཉར་བྱེད་པ་རེད། འབྲོག་པ་ཁག་གི་སྒོ་ཟོག་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་དཔྱིད་ཀ་ནས་སྟོན་མཇུག་གི་བར་རི་མཐོའི་སྤང་གཤོང་ཡངས་ཤིང་རྩྭ་ཆུ་གང་བཟང་སར་རིམ་སྤོས་ཀྱིས་འགྲོ་སྡོད་བྱེད་པ་དང་། དགུན་དུས་སུ་གྲོང་སྡེ་སོ་སོའི་ཉེ་འགྲམ་དུ་སྡོད་གནས་ལོགས་སུ་ཡོད་པ་ཁག་ལ་སྡོད་སྲོལ་ཡོད། ཡུལ་གྱི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ནས་ཡུལ་གྱི་མི་འབོར་ཡོངས་ལ་ཟས་གོས་སོགས་འཚོ་ཆས་ལྡེང་ངེས་ཐོག་ལྷག་འཕྲོས་འབོར་ཆེ་ཕྱིར་ཚོང་བྱ་རྒྱུ་ཡོད། 

====ཚོང་ལས ====
ཡུལ་ལུང་འདིར་ཚོང་ལས་རྒྱ་ཆེར་དར་ཞིང་ཚོང་པ་འབྱོར་པ་རབ་རྣམས་ལ་ཁལ་དྲེལ་ལྔ་བཅུ་དྲུག་ཅུ་ནས་དྲེའུ་ཉིས་བརྒྱ་སུམ་བརྒྱའི་བར་ཡོད་པ་མང་པོ་ཡོད། འབྱོར་པ་འབྲིང་རྣམས་ལའང་ཁལ་དྲེལ་ཉི་ཤུ་ནས་སུམ་ཅུའི་བར་ཡོད། ཚོང་ལས་ཀྱི་དངོས་ཟོག་ནི། རང་ཡུལ་ནས་ཐོན་པའི་གསེར་ཕྱེ་དང། དངུལ་ཧྲོབ། ཟངས་གར་བླུགས་ཀྱི་གོང་བུ། རྒྱ་རྩི། ཤིང་གི་མདུན་ཅོག་དཀྲོལ་མར་རྒྱ་རྩི་དང་གསེར་ཤོག་ཅན་སྤུས་ལེགས། ཤིག་གི་ཁམ་ཕོར་དང་ཙམ་ཕོར་(རྩམ་ཕོར་) རྒྱ་རྩི་མ། ཕིང་དང་བུ་རམ། ཀོ་བ་དམར་པོ། ཀོ་བ་དམར་པོའི་ཡོ་བྱད། རྒྱ་ནག་གི་ས་ཁུལ་ཁག་ནས་ཐོན་པའི་དངོས་ཟོག་གོས་ཅན་སྣེ་མང་། ཁ་བཏགས་སྣེ་མང་། ཇ་འབྲུ་དང་། ཇ་སྤྱན་ཤིང་། ཇ་རིལ་སོགས་ཉོ་བསྒྲུབས་བྱས་ཏེ། བོད་དབུས་ལྷ་ལྡན་སོགས་ལ་བཙོང་བསྒྱུར་བྱས་ཤིང་ལྷ་ལྡན་ནས་བོད་སྣམ་གྱི་རིགས་དང་། ཐེར་མ། གཙང་རུམ་(Tsang carpet)གྱི་རིགས། རྒྱ་གར་རས་ཆའི་རིགས། ཉེར་མཁོའི་དངོས་རིགས་སོགས་ཉོ་བསྒྲུབས་བྱས་ཏེ་རང་ཡུལ་གྱི་ས་ཁུལ་ཁག་དང་ས་ཐང་(ས་དམ་) དང་རྒྱ་ནག་གི་ས་ཁུལ་ཁག་ལ་བཙོང་བསྒྱུར་བྱེད་སྲོལ་ཡོད། ཡང་རང་ཡུལ་གྱི་ཐོན་ཟོག  མར་དང་། ཐུད། ཟོ་ཐུད། ཕག་སྤུ། པགས་རིགས། འབྲི་གཡག་གི་རྔ་མ། དབྱར་རྩྭ་དགུན་འབུ། ཆིན་ཅོག གཡའ་གྲོ། བེ་སྨུག ཁྲག་རྭ། གླ་རྩི། དོམ་མཁྲིས། བྲག་ཞུན། སྨན་རིགས་ཀྱི་སྔོ་རྩྭ། བེ་རྡོའི་ཤ་མོང་སྐམ་པོ། དབུར་བོང་སྐམ་པོ། གསེར་ཤ་སྐམ་པོ་བཅས་རྒྱ་ནག་གི་ཚོང་རིགས་ཁག་ལ་རྒྱ་ཆེར་བཙོང་སྲོལ་ཡོད། ཡང་ཚོང་རིགས་འགའ་ཞིག་གིས་ཚ་བ་རོང་དང་ཆབ་མདོའི་བར་དང་། འཇང་ས་ཐང་(ས་དམ་)སོགས་བསྐོར་ནས་ཚོང་ལས་བྱ་སྲོལ་ཡོད། ཡང་ཚོང་རིགས་ཁ་ཤས་ཀྱིས་རྒྱལ་ཐང་རང་གི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཕན་ཚུན་བར་ཚོང་ལས་བྱ་སྲོལ་ཡོད། ལར་ནི་རྒྱལ་ཐང་ཡུལ་ལུང་འདི་ས་གཞི་རྒྱ་ཁྱོན་ཆེ་ལ་སྤང་ཐང་ཡངས་ཤིང་རྩྭ་ཁ་དང་སྐྱ་ནམ་བཟང་བ་དང་། ཉེར་མཁོའི་དངོས་ཟོག་འཚོལ་སྒྲུབ་སླ་བ་སོགས་སྔོན་བསགས་ཆེས་དཀར་ལེགས་བྱས་ཀྱི་འབྲས་བུའི་དཔལ་ཡོན་དུ་མས་ཕྱུག་པས་གཞན་ཡིད་དབང་མེད་དུ་འགུགས་ནུས་པའི་དགེ་མཚན་ཆེར་ཆེར་དར་བ་བཅས་ལ་བརྟེན་བོད་དབུས་ཕྱོགས་ལྷ་ལྡན་ནས་སྤྱི་སྒེར་ཁག་གི་ཚོང་པ་དང་། རྒྱ་ནག་གི་ས་ཁུལ་ཁག་ནས་རྒྱ་རིགས་ཀྱི་ཚོང་པ་མང་པོ་དང་། འདབས་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཡུལ་ཁག་གཞན་ནས་ཚོང་ལས་དང་ཉེར་མཁོའི་དངོས་ཟོག་འཚོལ་སྒྲུབ་བྱེད་མི་གྲངས་ལས་འདས་པ་པདྨའི་མཚོ་ལ་ངང་པ་འཁོར་བ་ལྟར་ཡུལ་ལུང་འདིར་སྟོབས་འབྱོར་གྱིས་དྲེགས་པའི་འབྱོར་ལྡན་ཚོང་རིགས་ཁག་སོགས་ཀྱིས་འགྲོ་འོང་གི་བྱ་བར་བར་མ་ཆན་དུ་འཇུག་བཞིན་པ་བཅས་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་འཚོ་བ་གཞན་གྱི་བསྒྲུན་དུ་མེད་པའི་ཡུལ་ལུང་ཁྱད་པར་དུ་འཕགས་པ་ཞིག་ཡིན་ནོ།།


[[Category:བོད་ཡུལ།]]</text>
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    <title>བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང༌། ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་ བུམ་ཐང་བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ དུ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6426" xml:space="preserve">བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང༌།
ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་ བུམ་ཐང་བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ དུས་རབས་བདུན་པའི་ནང་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྲུལ་པ་བཀྱེས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཉིནམ་གཅིག་ལུ་ མཐའ་འདུལ་ཡང་འདུལ་གྱི་ལྷ་ཁང་བརྒྱ་དང་རྩ་བརྒྱད་བཞེངས་ཡོད་མི་ལས་ གཅིག་བུམ་ཐང་བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ཨིན་པས། 

རྒྱལ་པོ་སིནྡྷུ་རཱ་ཛའི་རྟོགས་བརྗོད་རབ་གསལ་མེ་ལོང་ནང་ རྒྱལ་པོ་སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོས་སྤྲུལ་པ་མང་པོ་བཀྱེས་ཏེ་བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་བཞེངས་དུས་སུ༔ མཚོ་སྨན་གྱི་སྟེང་དུ་བཏབ༔ མདུན་དུ་རྡོ་ཡི་བསྐལ་པའི་ཐེམ་སྐས་བཙུགས་ཏེ༔ ཕྱོགས་བཞི་ལ་མཆོད་རྟེན་རེ་བཞེངས༔ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྲུང་༔ ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་རྒྱལ་པོ་འཕགས་སྐྱེས་པོ༔ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་རྒྱལ་པོ་སྤྱན་མི་བཟང་༔ བྱང་ཕྱོགས་རྒྱལ་པོ་རྣམ་ཐོས་སྲས༔ ཕྱི་ཡི་བར་ཆད་ནང་མི་བཏང་༔ ནང་གི་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཕྱིར་མ་བཏང་༔ དུས་མིན་གྱུར་ཀྱང་གཏང་རག་མ་ཆོད་ཅིག༔ སྣང་སྲིད་ལྷ་འདྲེ་དམ་སྲི་འབྱུང་པོ་དང་༔ ནད་དང་འཁྲུགས་པ་མུ་གེ་ལ་སོགས་པས༔ རང་གཞན་གཉིས་ཀ་གདོན་གྱིས་ཚུགས་མི་འགྱུར༔ སོགས་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཆོད་རྟེན་འདི་ཚུ་ཡང་ ལྷ་ཁང་བཞེངས་པའི་དུས་མཉམ་ལུ་ བཞེངས་པའི་ར་ཁུངས་སྟོནམ་ཨིན་པས།

སྔོན་དུས་རབས་ ༡༤ པའི་ནང་བྱོན་མི་ གཏེར་ཆེན་རྒྱལ་པོ་ལྔའི་ཡ་གྱལ་ གཏེར་སྟོན་རྡོ་རྗེ་གླིང་པ་ ༡༣༤༦ _ ༡༤༠༥ མཆོག་གིས་ བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་ཞིག་གསོ་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་ཁུངས་ཡང་ རྡོ་རྗེ་གླིང་པའི་རྣམ་ཐར་དང་གསུང་མགུར་གླེགས་བམ་ཨོཾ་རྟགས་ཅན་ནང་ དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཟླ་བ་དྲུག་པའི་ཚེས་གཅིག་ལུ་ མོན་གྱི་ཕྱོགས་སུ་ ལུང་བསྟན་བཞིན་དུ་ བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་བཟོ་བ་དང༌། བསྟན་པའི་རིམ་གྲོ་ལུ་འོང་སྦེ་ བྱམས་པའི་སྐུ་རང་འཇགས་བཞག་སྟེ་ ལུང་བསྟན་ལྟར་དུ་ ལྷ་ཁང་ཉམས་གསོ་གནང་སྦེ་ ཟབ་གཏེར་དང་ཞལ་མཇལ་མི་དེ་གསོ་བ་འབད་ཡི་ཟེར་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།

དུས་རབས་ ༡༤ པའི་ནང་བྱོན་མི་ གཏེར་སྟོན་ཤེས་རབ་མེ་འབར་གྱིས་ སྐུ་ཚེ་སྔ་མ་སྐྱེ་བ་གསུམ་གྱི་གོང་ལུ་ བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ གཏེར་ལུ་སྦས་བཞག་མི་དེ་ ཐུགས་ཁར་དྲན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོའི་སྒྲུབ་ཐབས་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ གཏེར་ལས་བཞེས་ཡོད་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ ར་ཁུངས་ཁ་གསལ་ ཁོ་རའི་རྣམ་ཐར་ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།

ཇོ་ཁང་གི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ཚུ་ཡང་ བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག་སྲོལ་འཛིན་འགོ་དཔོན་གྱི་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་འབད་བའི་ཡིག་ཆ་ནང་ གཡས་ཧོངས་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ གུ་རུ་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༩༢ ལུ་ བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་དཔོན་ འཆི་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ བཞེངས་ནུག་ཟེར་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།

གཡོན་ཧོངས་ཀྱི་དུས་འཁོར་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་བཞེངས་གནང་གནངམ་དང་ མདུན་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་སངས་རྒྱས་རབ་བདུན་གྱི་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༩ པའི་ནང་ བྱ་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་ པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱིས་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག་ཟེར་ཨིན་པས། མཆོད་རྟེན་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༢༠ པའི་ནང་ ཨ་ཞེ་དབང་མོ་གིས་ བཞེངས་བཞེངསམ་ཨིན་པས་ཟེར་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།</text>
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དུས་རབས་བརྒྱད་པའི་ནང་ ལྕགས་མཁར་རྒྱལ་པོ་ སིནྡྷུ་རཱ་ཛ་མཆོག་ སྲས་ཤི་བའི་སྡུག་མ་ཐེག་པར་ཡུལ་ལྷ་གཞི་བདག་ལུ་ མནོལ་གྲིབ་བཏང་བའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ གནས་བདག་ཁྲོས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་བླ་སྲོག་བརྐུས་འབག་ནི་དེ་གིས་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་ལུ་བསྙུན་གཞི་ཐེབས་ཏེ་ སྨན་བཅོས་རིམ་གྲོ་ག་ཅི་འབད་རུང་ བསྙུན་གཞི་རྩ་ལས་དྭངས་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ བལ་ཡུལ་ཡང་ལེ་ཤོད་ལས་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག།</text>
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[[File:Sign way To Khamsum Yulley Namgyal Choeten.jpg|thumb|right|400px|]]

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[[Category:སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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      <comment>CFynn moved page [[གཙང་མཁན་ཆེན]] to [[གཙང་མཁན་ཆེན།]]</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="197" xml:space="preserve">ཀ་ འདི་རྫོང་ཁའི་ཡིག་གུ་དང་བོད་ཡིག་གི་ཡིག་གུ་དང་པ་ཨིན། 


[[Category:བོད་སྐད]]</text>
      <sha1>7198vpk9ov29eid2wb3do6ai8jp00sd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མི་ནས་ཞེ་རའིས་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3706</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28250</id>
      <parentid>28247</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-07-10T02:58:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>7070</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/170.78.214.210|170.78.214.210]] ([[User talk:170.78.214.210|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1101" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Brazil State MinasGerais.svg|180px|right]]
[[File:Bandeira de Minas Gerais.svg|180px|right]]

'''མི་ནས་ཞེ་རའིས་'''(པོར་ཅུ་གལ་ཁ་:Minas Gerais, MG)ནི་[[བྲ་ཛིལ་]]ཤར་ལྷོ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ནང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན།་རྒྱལ་ས་[[བྷེ་ལོ་འོ་རི་ཟོན་ཏེ་]]ཨིན།མི་འབོར་༢༠༥༩༣༣༦༦མི་དང་རྒྱ་ཚེད་༥༨༦༥༢༢km²།

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Marins.JPG|200px|
|
File:Ouro Preto 2 Minas-Gerais Brasil.jpg|
File:Paisagem em Pedra Redonda - Monte Verde, Minas Gerais II.jpg|
File:Church in Ouro Preto - Minas Gerais - Brazil 02.jpg|ཨོའུ་རོ་པྲེ་ཏོའིཡེ་ཤུའི་ལྷ་ཁང༌
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==See Also==
*[[བྲ་ཛིལ་]]
*[[ཏྲི་ཨན་གུ་ལོ་མི་ནེའི་རོ་]]
*[[མན་ཅི་ཀེའི་ར་རི་རྒྱུད་]]


[[Category:བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>7dw5huj81dcaj4v82kfijzztqb6phb5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མན་ཅི་ཀེའི་ར་རི་རྒྱུད་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3715</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27723</id>
      <parentid>27689</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:46:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Ruslik0|Ruslik0]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5938" xml:space="preserve">[[file:Marins2.JPG|300px|right]]
'''མན་ཅི་ཀེའི་ར་རི་རྒྱུད་'''''(པོར་ཅུ་གལ་ཁ་:Serra da Mantiqueira)''[[བྲ་ཛིལ་]]
གྱི་[[རི་རྒྱུད་]]ཅིག་ཨིན།ཤར་ལྷོ་ལུང་སཕྱོགས་ནང་[[ཨཊ་ལན་ཊིཀ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་]]ཉེ་དབང་གི་[[སན་པའུ་ལོ་]][[མི་ནས་ཞེ་རའིས་]]དང་[[རིའོ་དེ་ཞ་ནེའི་རོ་]]རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ས་མཚམས་ས་ཆ་ནང་འདུག༎རྩེ་མཐོ་ཤོས་དེ་༢༧༩༧mམཐོ་ཚེད་འདུག་༼[[པེ་དྲ་ད་མི་ན་རྩེ་]]༽འབདཝ་ལས་རི་དེ་དང་རི་གཞན་གངས་རི་ཅིག་མེན།།

==== རྩེ་ཚུ་དེ། ====
[[པེ་དྲ་ད་མི་ན་རྩེ་]](Pedra da Mina) 2797m&lt;br&gt;
[[ཨ་གུ་ལྷས་ནེ་གྲས་རྩེ་]](Pico Agulhas Negras) 2792m&lt;br&gt;
[[མ་རིནས་རྩེ་]](Pico do Marins) 2422m&lt;br&gt;
[[ག་ཧ་ཕཾའུ་རྩེ་]](Pico Garrafão) 2359m&lt;br&gt;
[[པ་པ་ག་ཡོ་རྩེ་]](Pico Papagaio) 2250m&lt;br&gt;
[[པེ་དྲ་དོ་ཀམ་པེས་ཏྲེ་རྩེ་]](Pedra do Campestre) 2120m&lt;br&gt;
[[སེ་ལ་དོ་རྩེ་]](Pico Selado) 2083m&lt;br&gt;
[[པེ་དྲ་དེ་སཾའུ་དོ་མིན་གོས་]](Pedra de São Domingos) 2050m&lt;br&gt;
[[ཨི་ཏ་པེ་བ༹་རྩེ་]](Pico Itapeva) 2030m&lt;br&gt;
[[ཨ་གུ་དོས་རྩེ་]](Pico Agudos) 1640m&lt;br&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
file:Pedra da Mina.jpg|པེ་དྲ་ད་མི་ན་རྩེ།མན་ཅི་ཀེའི་ར་རི་རྒྱུ་གྱི་མཐོ་ཤོས་
file:Agulhasnegras.JPG|ཨ་གུ་ལྷས་ནེ་གྲས་རྩེ་
File:Marins.JPG|མ་རིནས་རྩེ་
File:Pico do Papagaio.png|པ་པ་ག་ཡོ་རྩེ་
File:Pedra São Domingos.jpg|པེ་དྲ་དེ་སཾའུ་དོ་མིན་གོས་
&lt;/gallery&gt;
==== གྲོང་སྡེ་ཚུ་དེ། ====
===== མཐོཝ་ཤོས་ཚུ་དེ། =====
[[ཀམ་པོས་དོ་ཞོར་དཾའུ་]](Campos do Jordão) 1628m&lt;br&gt;
[[མོན་ཏེ་བེར་དེ་]](Monte Verde) 1555m&lt;br&gt;
[[སེ་ན་དོར་ཨ་མ་རལ་]](Senador Amaral) 1505m&lt;br&gt;
[[བོམ་ཧེ་པོའུ་ཟོ་]](Bom Repouso) 1360m&lt;br&gt;
[[གོན་སལ་བེས་]](Gonçalves) 1350m&lt;br&gt;
[[མར་མེ་ལོ་པོ་ལིས་]](Marmelópolis) 1277m&lt;br&gt;
[[མ་རིའ་ད་ཕེ་]](Maria da Fé) 1258m&lt;br&gt;
[[བོམ་ཞར་ཇིམ་དེ་མི་ནས་]](Bom Jardim de Minas) 1250m&lt;br&gt;
[[མུ་ཉོཟ་]](Munhoz) 1235m&lt;br&gt;
[[བོ་ཀ་ཨི་ན་དེ་མི་ནས་]](Bocaína de Minas) 1210m&lt;br&gt;
[[དེལ་ཕིམ་མོ་རེའི་ར་]](Delfim Moreira) 1207m&lt;br&gt;
[[བུ་ཨེ་ནོ་བྲན་དཾཨུ་]](Bueno Brandão) 1204m&lt;br&gt;
[[ཨི་པུའི་ཨུ་ན་]](Ipuiúna) 1201m&lt;br&gt;
[[པོ་སོས་དེ་ཀལ་དས་]](Poços de Caldas) 1198m&lt;br&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Campos do Jordão.jpg|ཀམ་པོས་དོ་ཞོར་དཾའུ།མན་ཅི་ཀེའི་ར་རི་རྒྱུད་དང་བྲ་ཛིལ་གྱི་གྲོང་སྡེ་མཐོ་ཤོས།
&lt;/gallery&gt;

===== སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཚུ་དེ། =====
[[པོ་སོས་དེ་ཀལ་དས་]](Poços de Caldas) 161000 hab(2013)&lt;br&gt;
[[བྲ་གན་ས་པའུ་ལིས་ཏ་]](Bragança Paulista) 157000 hab(2013)&lt;br&gt;
[[པོའུ་ཟོ་ཨ་ལེ་གྲེ་]](Pouso Alegre) 140000 hab(2013)&lt;br&gt;
[[བྷར་བྷ་སེ་ན་]](Barbacena) 133000 hab(2013)&lt;br&gt;
[[ཨི་ཏ་ཞུ་བ་]](Itajubá) 94900 hab(2013)&lt;br&gt;
[[ཀམ་པོས་དོ་ཞོར་དཾའུ་]](Campos do Jordão) 47800 hab(2010)&lt;br&gt;
[[སཾའུ་ལོའུརེན་སོ]](São Lourenço) 42300 hab(2013)&lt;br&gt;
[[སན་ཏ་རི་ཏ་དོ་ས་པུ་ཀ་ཨི་]](Santa Rita do Sapucaí) 40780 hab(2012)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;gallery&gt;
file:Poços de caldas1.JPG|པོ་སོས་དེ་ཀལ་དས།མན་ཅི་ཀེའི་ར་རི་རྒྱུ་དང་ལྷོ་མི་ནས་ཞེ་རའིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གྱི་གྲོང་སྡེ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་
file:Lagodotabo o.jpg|བྲ་གན་ས་པའུ་ལིས་ཏ་
file:P.A. City.jpg|པོའུ་ཟོ་ཨ་ལེ་གྲེ་
file:Escola Agrotécnica Federal.jpg|བྷར་བྷ་སེ་ན་
file:Itajuba-slideshow-01.jpg|ཨི་ཏ་ཞུ་བ་
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== See Also ==
*[[རྒྱ་མཚོའི་རི་རྒྱུད།༼བྲ་ཛིལ་༽]]
*[[བྲ་ཛིལ་གྱི་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས།]]
*[[མི་ནས་ཞེ་རའིས།]]
*[[པ་ར་ཨི་བ་ལུང་གཤོང།༼བྲ་ཛིལ་༽]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.altamontanha.com/iviturui/mantiqueira01.html མན་ཅི་ཀེའི་རའི་སློབ་དེབ་དང་གློག་བརྙན།༼པོར་ཐུ་གལ་ཁ༽]
*[http://www.terrasdamantiqueira.com/serradamantiqueira.htm མན་ཅི་ཀེའི་རའི་གནས་ཚུལ།༼པོར་ཐུ་གལ་ཁ༽]


{{translate}}


[[Category:འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱས་བཤད]]
[[Category:བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>pv4zas0ulg295veflw3xptsvtrqe35q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>པེ་དྲ་ད་མི་ན་རྩེ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3717</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27732</id>
      <parentid>27680</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1189" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Pedra da Mina.jpg|300px|right|པེ་དྲ་ད་མི་ནའི་སྤོ་ཏོ།]]
'''པེ་དྲ་ད་མི་ན་རྩེ་'''(Pedra da Mina)[[མན་ཅི་ཀེའི་ར་རི་རྒྱུད་]]གྱི་རི་རྩེ་[[མི་ནས་ཞེ་རའིས་]]ནང་[[བྲ་ཛིལ་]]ནང་ཨིན།་སན་པའུ་ལོ་དང་མི་ནས་ཞེ་རའིས་གྱི་སམ་ཚམས་འདུག།་རི་རྩེ་དེ་མཐོ་ཚེད་༢༧༩༧mའདུག་དང་སན་པའུ་ལོ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མན་ཅི་ཀེའི་རའི་རྩེ་མཐོ་ཤོས་འདུག༎

[[File:Vista Pedra da Mina.jpg|300px|right]]

==See Also==
*[[ཨ་གུ་ལྷས་ནེ་གྲས་རྩེ་]]
*[[མན་ཅི་ཀེའི་ར་རི་རྒྱུད་]]
*[[བྲ་ཛིལ་ཀྱི་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས་]]
*[[བྲ་ཛིལ་]]


{{translate}}

[[Category:འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱས་བཤད]]
[[Category:བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>pcy64n3r2vo31q1e847nphwtf1m5pya</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྲ་ཛིལ་ཀྱི་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3718</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27720</id>
      <parentid>27692</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:46:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2228" xml:space="preserve">[[file:640px-Brazil_topo.jpg|300px|right|བྲ་ཛིལ་ཀྱི་འབུར་ཐོན་སབ་ཁྲ།]]
'''བྲ་ཛིལ་ཀྱི་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས་'''(Planalto Brasileiro)ནི་[[བྲ་ཛིལ་]]ཀྱི་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཨིན།བྲ་ཛིལ་ཀྱི་ས་ཁངས་ཕྱེད་ཤར་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ནང་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས་འདི་ཙམ་ནང་འདུག།ས་གནས་མཐོ་ཤོས་[[བྷན་དེའི་ར་རྩེ་]][[ཀ་པ་ར་ཨོ་རི་རྒྱུད་]]ནང་[[ཨེས་པི་རི་ཏོ་སན་ཏོ་|ཨེས་པི་རི་ཏོ་སན་ཏོ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་]]ཨིན་མཐོ་ཚེད་༢༨༩༢m།
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Parque nacional do caparao.jpg|བན་དེའི་ར་རྩེ་ཀ་པ་ར་ཨོ་རི་རྒྱུད་ནང་བྲ་ཛིལ་ཀྱི་རི་རྒྱུད་གྱི་ས་གནས་མཐོ་ཤོས་ཨིན༼༢༩༨༡m༽།
File:Marins2.JPG|མ་རིནས་རྩེ་མན་ཅི་ཀེའི་ར་རི་རྒྱུད་ནང།ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས་འདི་ཙམ་གྱི་རི་རྒྱུད་གཅིག།
File:Scenery in Minas Gerais Sierra - Brazil 03.jpg|མི་ནས་ཞེ་རའིས་: རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་བྲ་ཛིལ་ཀྱི་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས་ནང།
|སན་པའུ་ལོ་:གྲོང་སྡེར་སྦོམ་ཤོས་བྲ་ཛིལ་ཀྱི་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས་ནང།
File:Serra do mar ubatuba.jpg|[[སེར་ར་དོ་མར་རི་རྒྱུད་|སེར་ར་དོ་མར་]](རྒྱ་མཚོ་རི་རྒྱུད)[[སན་པའུ་ལོ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་|སན་པའུ་ལོ་]]ནང།
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==See Also==
*[[བྲ་ཛིལ་]]


{{translate}}

[[Category:བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]
[[Category:འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱས་བཤད]]</text>
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      <text bytes="217" xml:space="preserve">'''Bulbophyllum sillenianum'''་[[སྔོ་ཤིང་།]]་ཨིན།
* [[ཨོ་ལ་ཚལ།]]([[Bulbophyllum]])
* རྒྱལ་ཁབ། [[མེ་མར་]]

[[Category:ཨོ་ལ་ཚལ།]]</text>
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    <title>སྒང་སྟེང་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་</title>
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      <text bytes="19187" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Gangteng monastery 2019-08-23 b.jpg|thumb|]]
དཔལ་སྒང་སྟེང་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་གི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་འདི་ གཏེར་སྟོན་པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་ཞལ་སློབ་ རྟོགས་པ་རང་དང་མཉམ་པ་ འདུལ་འཛིན་དམ་པ་མཁན་ཆེན་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་སྐུ་སྐྱེས་ པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་གདུང་འཛིན་ཐུགས་སྲས་ཟླ་བ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་སྲས་སྦེ་འཁྲུངས་མི་ སྒང་སྟེང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་དང་པ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་པདྨ་ཕྲིན་ལས་མཆོག་གིས་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོང་མའི་ལུང་བསྟན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ ཕྱག་བཏབ་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན་མས། 

དེ་ཡང་ གཏེར་སྟོན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རིག་འཛིན་པདྨ་གླིང་པ་མཆོག་ ཕོབ་སྦྱིས་ཁ་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་དུས་སྐབས་ཅིག་ལུ་ གཡུས་གསར་ལས་ཞལ་ཡར་བསྒོར་ཞིན་ན་ ད་ལྟོ་ལྷ་ཁང་ཡོད་ས་ཁ་ཐུག་ཕྱག་མཛུབས་དཔགས་སྦེ་ ''མ་འོངས་པ་ནང་ཨ་ཡི་སྒང་ཏོག་གུ་ལས་ ངེའི་གསང་སྔགས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས་འོང་'' ཟེར་ལུང་བསྟན་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ གསུང་སྤྲུལ་རྒྱལ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ཡང་ ས་གནས་དེ་ཁར་མཚམས་ཁང་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་སྐུ་མཚམས་གནང་བཞུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ མཚམས་ཁང་དེ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ལུ་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་གནངམ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ''ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་ས་གནས་འདི་ཁར་གདན་ས་བཅགས་ཏེ་ པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་རྣམ་ཐར་གསོལ་འདེབས་ཁ་ཐུན་སྦེ་གཏང་མི་ཡོདཔ་ཅིག་བཟོ་སྨ་རེད། ཤུལ་ལས་ས་གནས་དེ་ཁ་ལས་ པད་གླིང་གི་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས་ནི་གི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཡོད་'' ཟེར་བའི་ལུང་བསྟན་གསུངས་ནུག། 

ལུང་བསྟན་དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་གིས་སྦེ་ གདུང་འཛིན་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་པདྨ་ཕྲིན་ལས་མཆོག་གིས་ ཧེ་མ་ར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༥༩༥ ལུ་ ད་ལྟོ་ལྷ་ཁང་ཡོད་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་ནང་ བོད་ལུགས་ཀྱི་བཟོ་བཀོད་ཐོག་ལས་ ལྷ་ཁང་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག དེ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༡༣ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༠ པའི་གནམ་ལོ་ཆུ་མོ་གླང་ལོ་ལུ་ ལྷ་ཁང་དེ་རྩ་བ་ལས་ར་བཤུགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་ས་བསླངས་དང་རྨང་བཏིང་གི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་མཛད་ཐོག་ལས་ གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ཐོག་གསུམ་འབད་མི་ཅིག་བཞེངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་ཡང་སྒང་སྟེང་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་ཟེར་བཏགས་གནང་ནུག འདི་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཤིང་བཟོ་དང་སྐུ་རྟེན་བཞེངས་ནི་གི་ཕྱག་ལས་གནང་མི་ཡང་ གནས་རྙིང་རྗེ་བཙུན་དང་ལྕགས་ཟམ་པ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ སྐྱེས་ཆེན་དམ་པ་ཚུ་གིས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། 

ཨིན་རུང་ ལྷ་ཁང་དེ་ ནར་ནར་སྦེ་ཡོད་ནི་དེ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༧༠༣ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་གཉིས་པ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ལེགས་པའི་དོན་གྲུབ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་གཡས་གཡོན་གྱི་གློ་འབུར་གཉིས་དང་ ཀ་སྤུངས་གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་སྟེ་ ཧེ་མ་འདུ་ཁང་ཀ་ཆེན་བཅུ་བཞི་གི་རྒྱ་ཚད་་ཨིན་མི་ལས་ ཀ་ཆེན་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་ལུ་རྒྱ་བསྐྱེད་མཛད་དེ་ གྲུ་བཞི་ཏག་ཏ་སྦེ་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ད་རེས་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ཉམས་གསོ་ལན་ཐེངས་༣ ཞུ་ཡོད་རུང་ བཟོ་བཀོད་དང་སྦོམ་ཆུང་ཚུ་ འགྱུར་བཅོས་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ར་མ་བཏང་པར་ སྔར་ག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ར་བཞེངས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།  དེ་ཡང་དང་པ་ར་སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༧༢༡ ལུ་ བསྟན་འཛིན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ལེགས་པའི་དོན་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཐོག་ལུ་ར་ ས་གཡོམ་གྱི་རྐྱེན་ངན་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུ་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྒང་སྟེང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་བདུན་པ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉིན་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ཚར་གཅིག་ ས་གཡོམ་གྱི་རྐྱེན་ངན་གྱིས་སྦེ་ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུ་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག དེ་ལས་ ད་ལྟོ་ཁྲི་ཐོག་བཞུགས་མི་སྒང་སྟེང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་དགུ་པ་ ཀུན་བཟང་རིག་འཛིན་པདྨ་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་སྡེ་དཔལ་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༠༠ ལས་ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ༢༠༠༨ ལུ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ དཔལ་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་རབས་ལྔ་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲིར་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་བའི་དུས་སྟོན་དང་བསྟུན་ རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པར་བཅས་པ་ལེགས་པར་གྲུབ་པའི་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་རབ་གནས་ཀྱི་དགའ་སྟོན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

ལྷ་ཁང་དང་རྟེན་གྱི་ངོ་སྤྲོད་མདོར་བསྡུས།
སྒང་སྟེང་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་གི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་འདི་ ཕྱི་ལྟར་དུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བསྐྱེད་པ་མ་ཧཱ་ཡོ་གའི་ལུགས་ཀྱི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་གྱི་ཚུལ་དང་། ནང་ལྟར་དུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྫོགས་པ་ཨ་ནུ་ཡོ་གའི་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ རྡོ་རྗེ་ལུས་ཀྱི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་གྱི་ཚུལ། གསང་བ་ལྟར་དུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྫོགས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ཨ་ཏི་ཡོ་གའི་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ ལྷུན་གྲུབ་རང་གསལ་གྱི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་གྱི་ཚུལ་དུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལྟ་བུའི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་འོག་ཐོག་འདུ་ཁང་ཆེན་མོའི་ནང་ ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་སངས་རྒྱས་རབས་བདུན་དང་ དེའི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ལུ་ ཉེ་བའི་སྲས་བརྒྱད། གཡས་དང་གཡོན་ལུ་རྟ་མགྲིན་དང་བདུད་རྩི་འཁྱིལ་བ། དེ་ཚུ་གི་གདོང་ཁར་ སྡིག་བཤགས་ཀྱི་མཆོད་རྟེན་བཅས་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། 

དེ་ལས་ཐོག་དང་པའི་ནང་ལུ་ སྒང་སྟེང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱི་གཟིམ་ཅུང་ གཟིམ་ཅུང་ཀ་གཉིས་མ་ཟེར་ཞུ་མི་དེ་ནང་ ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་ གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་རྟེན་དང་ སྒང་སྟེང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱི་སྐུ་སྒེར་གྱི་གསུང་རྟེན་ཚུ་ཡོད། གཟིམ་ཅུང་དེ་གི་གཡོན་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ཚུར་དང་པ་ར་ པད་གླིང་གུ་རུ་དྲག་པོའི་ཆོས་སྲུང་ཕ་མ་བུ་གསུམ་གྱི་མགོན་ཁང་ཡོད། དེ་གི་ཚུར་ཁ་ཐུག་ པད་གླིང་མགོན་པོ་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་མགོན་ཁང་ མགོན་ཁང་ཆེན་མོ་ཟེར་ཞུ་མི་དེ་ནང་ ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་ པད་གླིང་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་མགོན་པོ་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་རྟེན་དང་ རྟེན་མདོས་ཚུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ཡོད། དེ་གི་ཚུར་ཁ་ཐུག་ ཕྱག་མཛོད་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་རྣམ་སྲས་ཕོ་བྲང་ཡོད། དེ་ལས་མཐའ་མ་མཐའ་ར་ ཙིའུ་དམར་དང་ ལྷ་ཆེན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་མགོན་ཁང་བཅས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། 

ཐོག་གཉིས་པའི་ནང་ལུ་ དང་པ་ར་ གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ལྷ་ཁང་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ནང་ལུ་ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་གནས་ཕུ་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་གཉིས་པ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གསང་སྔགས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་བཞེངས་པའི་ གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་དང་ པདྨ་གླིང་པ་གིས་དག་སྣང་ལུ་གཟིགས་པའི་ཟངས་མདོག་དཔལ་རི་གི་སྣང་བརྙན་ཚུ་ཡོད། ལྷ་ཁང་དེ་གི་ནང་ལས་གཡས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ གཟིམ་ཅུང་ཤར་རིམ་ནང་ སངས་རྒྱས་རབས་བདུན་གྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་དང་ རྒྱལ་བའི་བཀའ་འགྱུར་ཆེན་མོ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ཡོད། གཡོན་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་གཟིམ་ཅུང་ནུབ་རི་མ་ནང་ པད་གླིང་ཡབ་སྲས་གསུམ་གྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་དང་གསུང་རྟེན་འཐོར་བུ་ཚུ་ཡོད། དེ་ལས་མཚན་བརྒྱད་ལྷ་ཁང་དེ་གི་ གཡོན་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ ཚེ་དཔག་མེད་ཀྱི་ལྷ་ཁང་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ནང་ ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་པད་གླིང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ཚེ་སྒྲུབ་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཕྲེང་བ་དང་ ཚེ་སྒྲུབ་ནོར་བུ་ལམ་ཁྱེར་གྱི་སྐུ་རྟེན་དང་ལྡེབས་རིས་ དེ་ལས་སྒང་སྟེང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་བདུན་པ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉིན་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ཚུ་ཡོད། དེ་ལས་མ་ཆེན་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ལུ་ ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་ སྒང་སྟེང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་དྲུག་པ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མའི་སྐུ་གདུང་མཆོད་རྟེན་དང་ དེའི་མཐའ་བསྐོར་ལུ་ འཕགས་པའི་གནས་བརྟན་བཅུ་དྲུག་གི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ དེ་ལས་པད་གླིང་གཏེར་བྱོན་ ཀུན་བཟང་དགོངས་པ་ཀུན་འདུས་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ཞི་ཁྲོ་དམ་པ་རིགས་བརྒྱའི་ལྡེབས་རིས་ཚུ་ཡོད། དེ་གི་ཟུར་ཁ་ལུ་ བླ་མའི་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་དཔལ་རྡོ་རྗེ་སེམས་དཔའ་དང་དེའི་མཐའ་བསྐོར་ལུ་ པད་གླིང་བླ་མ་བརྒྱུད་པ་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ དེ་ལས་རྙིང་མ་རྒྱུད་འབུམ་ཚུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། 

དེ་ལས་ལྷ་ཁང་གཙོ་བོ་དེ་གི་གདོང་ཁར་ སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ཀྱི་ལྷ་ཁང་ཡོད། དེ་ནང་ལུ་ བཅུ་གཅིག་ཞལ་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་ པད་གླིང་གཏེར་བྱོན་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་མུན་སེལ་སྒྲོན་མེའི་ལྷ་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་གཙོ་བོའི་གཡས་ཁ་ཐུག་ སྒང་སྟེང་མདོ་སྔགས་ཐོས་བསམ་རབ་རྒྱས་གླིང་གི་བཤད་གྲྭ་འགོ་ཐོག་བཙུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་གྱིས་སྦྱིན་བདག་མཛད་ཐོག་ལས་བཞེངས་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་ཅིག་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ནང་ལུ་ ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ། གཏེར་སྟོན་པདྨ་གླིང་པ། ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་གྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་ སྐུ་གསུང་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་རྟེན་བྱིན་ཅན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལྷ་ཁང་དེ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཕྱག་དང་མཆོད་པ་ཕུལ་ནི་དང་ བསྐོར་ར་རྐྱབ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་འདི་ལོད་ ཐ་ན་ཐག་རིང་ལས་མཇལ་བ་ཙམ་དང་ མཚན་རྣ་བར་ཐོས་པར་ཙམ་གྱིས་ཀྱང་ ངན་སོང་གི་སྐྱེ་སྒོ་ཆོད་ནི་དང་ རྒྱུད་ལུ་ཐར་པའི་ས་བོན་བཞག་ཚུགས་པའི་བྱིན་རླབས་ཀྱི་མཚན་ཁ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་སྲིད་འདིར་ཤིན་ཏུ་དཀོན་པའི་མཐོང་གྲོལ་མཆོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ༎

གསང་སྔགས་རིག་པ་འཛིན་པ་སྒྲུབ་པའི་སྡེ། །ཁྲིམས་ལྡན་ངུར་སྨྲིག་འཆང་བ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་གླིང་། །
པདྨའི་ཕྲིན་ལས་སྙིང་པོའི་བསྟན་པ་འདི། །སྲིད་མཐའི་བར་དུ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས་གྱུར་ཅིག །


[[Category:ནང་པ]]
[[Category:དགོན་པ]]
[[Category:དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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    <title>་ན་གྱི-་དྲྭ་ཚ་ཤི</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-01-19T16:28:50Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="4321" xml:space="preserve">'''་ན་གྱི-་དྲྭ་ཚ་ཤི'''གྱུར་བ་དང།༣སྐད་སྙན་ཞིང་སྨྲ་བ་སྙན་པར་བཟུང་བའི་ཚིག་ཏུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༤བག་ཚ་བ་གྱུར་བ་དང།༣སྐད་སྙན་ཞིང་སྨྲ་བ་སྙན་པར་བཟུང་བའི་ཚིག་ཏུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༤བག་ཚ་བ་མེད་པར་འཁོར་གྱི་ནང་དུ་འགྲོ་བ་དང།༥ལྷ་དང་མི་རྣམས་དགའ་བར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༦གཟི་བརྗིད་ཆེན་པོར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༧གང་ཟག་ནི་འདི་ལྟ་སྟེ།སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་རྣམས་དང།བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རྣམས་དང།སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཉན་ཐོས་རྣམས་དང་འགྲོགས་པར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༨ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཆེ་བར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༩མཐོ་རིས་སུ་སྐྱེ་བར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༡༠མྱུར་དུ་ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདའ་བ་སྟེ།དེ་དག་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་མཆོད་རྟེན་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་བའི་ཕན་ཡོན་ནོ། །ཞེས་རྗེ་གུང་ཐང་པས་གམེད་པར་འཁོར་གྱི་ནང་དུ་འགྲོ་བ་དང།༥ལྷ་དང་མི་རྣམས་དགའ་བར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༦གཟི་བརྗིད་ཆེན་པོར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༧གང་ཟག་ནི་འདི་ལྟ་སྟེ།སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་རྣམས་དང།བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རྣམས་དང།སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཉན་ཐོས་རྣམས་དང་འགྲོགས་པར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༨ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཆེ་བར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༩མཐོ་རིས་སུ་སྐྱེ་བར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༡༠མྱུར་དུ་ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདའ་བ་སྟེ།དེ་དག་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་མཆོད་རྟེན་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་བའི་ཕན་ཡོན་ནོ། །ཞེས་རྗེ་གུང་ཐང་པས་གགྱུར་བ་དང།༣སྐད་སྙན་ཞིང་སྨྲ་བ་སྙན་པར་བཟུང་བའི་ཚིག་ཏུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༤བག་ཚ་བ་མེད་པར་འཁོར་གྱི་ནང་དུ་འགྲོ་བ་དང།༥ལྷ་དང་མི་རྣམས་དགའ་བར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༦གཟི་བརྗིད་ཆེན་པོར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༧གང་ཟག་ནི་འདི་ལྟ་སྟེ།སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་རྣམས་དང།བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རྣམས་དང།སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཉན་ཐོས་རྣམས་དང་འགྲོགས་པར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༨ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཆེ་བར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༩མཐོ་རིས་སུ་སྐྱེ་བར་འགྱུར་བ་དང།༡༠མྱུར་དུ་ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདའ་བ་སྟེ།དེ་དག་ནི་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་མཆོད་རྟེན་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་བའི་ཕན་ཡོན་ནོ། །ཞེས་རྗེ་གུང་ཐང་པས་ག

[[Category:འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>༴༵༦༦༴༴༤༤</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-01-19T16:31:13Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="196" xml:space="preserve">'''༴༵༦༦༴༴༤༤'''　Utsunomiya　Line
[[file:JR EAST E231-1000 U541.jpg|thumb|right|240px|1stCar]]
[[file:E233 3000 L06.JPG|thumb|right|240px|2ndCar]]

[[Category:ཇཱ་པཱན]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>སྐད་སྒྱུར</title>
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      <text bytes="139342" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;                                              སྐད་སྒྱུར་སློབ་སྦྱོང་།


༡༽	སྐད་སྒྱུར་ངོ་སྤྲོད།
-	ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་བརྡ་དོན་རྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་དང་ འཕྲུལ་རིགས་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་གནས་རིམ་ནང་ སྐད་རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ འབྲེལ་བ་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་ སྐད་སྒྱུར་འདི་ལག་ཆ་གཙོབོ་ཅིག་ཨིན།
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་པ་ལུ་ལྷབ་ཡོད་པའི་ རིག་གཞུང་དང་ ལག་ལེན་གྱི་རིག་རྩལ་རྐྱངམ་ཅིག་གིས་མ་དོ་བར་ གནས་སྟངས་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ སྐད་སྒྱུར་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་ རིག་རྩལ་དང་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེ།༼ཤ་བཱ་ལི་ ༡༩༩༧༽
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་པའི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་འདི་ གནས་སྟངས་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་ བཟོ་དགོ་པའི་ཁར་ མནོ་བསམ་གཏང་ཐངས་དང་ གོ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཚུགས་པའི་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེ། ༼ཤ་བཱ་ལི ༡༩༩༧༽
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྒྱུར་བྱའི་སྐད་ཡིག་གི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་དོན་དག་ དེ་ལས་ སྐད་ཡིག་འདི་ནང་གི་ཁྱད་བཅུད་ཚུ་ མ་འཛོལ་བར་ སྐད་ཡིག་གཞན་ཅིག་ནང་ལུ་ གོ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་མི་གི་ངོ་ཚབ་གལ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན།༼ཨ་ཛབ་དྲཕ་ཏྲ་རེ ༡༩༩༦༽
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྐད་ཡིག་རྒྱུན་འཛིན་འབད་ནི་དང་ ལམ་སྲོལ་རྒྱ་བསྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་ནང་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་ཚུགས།༼ཨ་ཛབ་དྲཕ་ཏྲ་རེ་ ༡༩༩༦༽

༢༽	སྐད་སྒྱུར་ངེས་ཚིག།
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སྐད་ཡིག་ཅིག་ནང་ཡོད་མིའི་ཡིག་སྦྱོར་གྱི་བཀོད་པ་ཅིག་ དེ་དང་ དོ་མཉམ་གྱི་སྐད་ཡིག་གཞན་ཅིག་གི་ ཡིག་སྦྱོར་གྱི་བཀོད་ཡིག་ནང་ལུ་ བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་མི་འདི་ལུ་ སྐད་སྒྱུར་ཟེརཝ་ཨིན། ༼ཀེཏྲེ་ཕོདྲི ༡༩༦༥༽
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་གྱི་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ངག་ཐོག་གི་བཤད་པ་ སྐད་ཡིག་གཞན་ཅིག་ནང་ཡོད་མིའི་མནོ་དོན་ཚུ་ དེ་དང་ དོ་མཉམ་གྱི་སྐད་ཡིག་ཅིག་ནང་ སྒྱུར་ཚུགས་མི་ལུ་ སྐད་སྒྱུར་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན།

༼ནའི་དྲ་དང་ཏྲ་བར་ ༡༩༦༩༽
_	འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ མི་དང་མི་གི་བར་ན་ ཡི་གུ་དང་རི་མོའི་བར་ན་ 
བརྗོད་དོན་ག་ཅི་རང་ཨིན་རུང་ སྐད་ཡིག་ཅིག་གི་ནང་ལསཅིག་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་སླབ་མི་ལུ་ སྐད་སྒྱུར་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན།
_	འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ སྐད་ཡིག་ཅིག་ལས་ སྐད་ཡིག་གཞན་ནང་ བསྒྱུར་མི་ལུ་སྐད་སྒྱུར་དང་ སྒྲ་སྒྱུར་ ཡིག་སྒྱུར་ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་པའི་ཁར་ ཁ་སྐད་ཅིག་ལས་ ཁ་སྐད་གཞན་མི་ཅིག་ནང་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་ སླབ་མི་ལུ་ དོར་ཁ་བསྒྱུར་ཟེར་ཡང་སླབ་ཨིན།
༣༽	དགོས་དོན།
-	འཛམ་གླིང་གི་མཁས་པ་ཚུ་གིསསྐད་རིགས་སོ་སོ་ནང་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་རྩོམ་རིག་དང་ ཤེས་བྱའི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཚུ་ལུ་ སྦྱང་བརྩོན་འབད་དེ་ ཡོན་ཏན་ཅན་བཟོ་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལམ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ སྐད་སྒྱུར་གྱི་ལཱ་འདི་ཨིན།
-	ཕྱི་ནང་གི་ཤེས་བྱའི་རིག་པ་ག་ར་ ཤེས་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ཐབས་ལུ་ སྐད་སྒྱུར་གྱི་རིག་རྩལ་ལུ་སྦྱང་བརྩོན་འབད་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེ།
༣༽	མཚན་ཉིད།
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་པའི་ལཱ་འགན་ངོ་མ་འདི་རང་ བསྒྱུར་བྱ་སྐད་ཡིག་གི་གོ་དོན་ཚུ་ མ་འཛོལ་བར་ སྒྱུར་བྱེད་སྐད་ཡིག་ནང་ལུ་ བསྒྱུར་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་དང་ སྐད་སྒྱུར་པ་གིས་བསྒྱུར་ཡོད་པའི་ཡིག་ཆ་འདི་གིས་ བསྒྱུར་བྱའི་སྐད་ཡིག་ནང་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ གནད་དོན་ཚུ་མ་འཛོལ་བར་ གོ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཚུགས་མི་ཅིག་དགོ།

ཐུན་ཚན་གཉིས་པ།
༡༽	སྐད་སྒྱུར་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་སྔ་གོང་གི་གྲ་སྒྲིག་དང་ཕན་ཐབས།
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་འབད་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་ཙ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་དགོ།
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་གྱི་ལཱ་འདི་ ལཱ་གཞན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སླ་བསྲེ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ འབད་ནི་མི་འོང་།
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ལུས་སེམས་བདེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་དགོ།
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་གྱི་གནད་དོན་དང་འཁྲིལ་བའི་ རྒྱབ་རྟེན་དཔེ་དེབ་དང་ ཡིག་ཆ་ཚུ་ཚང་དགོ།
-	བསྒྱུར་བྱ་དང་སྒྱུར་བྱེད་སྐད་ཡིག་གི་ཚིག་མཛོད་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་དང་དམིགས་བསལ་ཁྱད་རིག་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཚུ་ག་དེ་མང་མང་དགོ།
-	རང་ལུ་དོགས་པ་འཆརཝ་ད་ དྲི་གཏུགས་འབད་སའི་མི་ རབ་བྱུང་པ་ཅིན་བསྒྱུར་བྱའི་ཡིག་ཆ་རྩོམ་པ་པོ་དང་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ཡིག་ཆ་ཨིན་པ་ཅིན་ དེའི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཁུངས་ཆོད་པའི་མཁས་པ་དང་ ཉམས་མྱོང་ཅན་ཚུ་དགོ།
-	ཤོག་ཀུ། སྣག་རྩི།	གློག་རིག་ ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ རང་གི་བློ་དང་བསྟུན་དགོ།
༢༽	སྐད་སྒྱུར་གྱི་དབྱེ་བ།
	ཀ༽	སྐད་སྒྱུར་ལཱ་ཁག་གི་རིགས།
-	ཆོས་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་སྐད་སྒྱུར།
-	ཁྲིམས་འབྲེལ་ཡིག་ཆའི་རིགས་ཀྱི་སྐད་སྒྱུར།
-	གྲོས་ཆོད་དང་ཁས་བླངས་ཡིག་ཆའི་རིགས་ཀྱི་སྐད་སྒྱུར།
-	འཆར་གཞི་དང་ལས་འགུལ་ཡིག་ཆ་རིགས།
-	སྙན་རྩོམ་སྐད་སྒྱུར།
-	རྒྱལ་རབས་དང་ཆོས་འབྱུང་།
-	རྣམ་མཐར་དང་ སྲུང་དང་གཏམ་རྒྱུད།
༢༽	སྐད་སྒྱུར་འཇམ་སངམ་རིགས།
-	ཞུ་ཡིག་དང་གཏང་ཡིག།
-	སྙན་ཞུ་དང་གྲོས་གཞི་ལས་རིམ།
-	གསུང་བཤད་དང་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་ གསལ་བསྒྲགས།
༣༽	འབྲི་རྩོམ་གྱི་རིགས།
-	འགྲེལ་བཤད་འབྲི་རྩོམ།
-	ལོ་རྒྱུས་འབྲི་རྩོམ།
-	རྒྱུད་སྐུལ་འབྲི་རྩོམ།
-	ཁུངས་གཐུངས་འབྲི་རྩོམ།
-	རྒྱས་བཤད་འབྲི་རྩོམ།
-	རྩོད་འགྲན་འབྲི་རྩོམ།
-	དབྱེ་དཔྱད་འབྲི་རྩོམ།
ཐུན་ཚན་གསུམ་པ།
	༡༽	སྐད་སྒྱུར་འབད་ཐངས་དང་འཁྲིལ་བའི་དབྱེ་བ།
-	ཚིག་སྒྱུར།
-	དོན་སྒྱུར།
-	དཀྲུགས་སྒྱུར།
-	ཐད་སྒྱུར།
-	སྒྲ་སྒྱུར།
-	སྡེབ་སྒྱུར།
༢༽	སྐད་སྒྱུར་གྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་དང་ དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ཐབས།
-	བསྒྱུར་བྱའི་ཡིག་ཆ་འདི་ མཐའ་དཔྱད་ཡིག་ཆ་ཅིག་མེན་པར་ སྐད་སྒྱུར་རྐྱབ་པའི་ནམ་དུས་ལུ་རང་ བསྒྱུར་གཏང་ནི།
-	བསྒྱུར་བྱའི་ཡིག་ཆ་འདི་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ལྷག་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་ ཡིག་ཆ།
-	ཡིག་སྡེབ་དང་བརྡ་སྦྱོར་ལ་སོགས་པ་ འཛོལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཡིག་ཆ།
-	དོན་ཚན་ཆ་མ་ཚང་པའི་ཡིག་ཆ།
-	ལུང་ཕྱོགས་དང་གཡུས་སྒོ་སོ་སོའི་ མིང་ཚིག་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཡོད་པའི་ཡིག་ཆ།
-	འགྲེལ་བཤད་མེད་པའི་ བསྡུ་ཡིག་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཡོད་པའི་ཡིག་ཆ།
-	ཚུལ་མིན་གྱི་མིང་ཚིག་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཡོད་པའི་ཡིག་ཆ།
-	ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ མིང་ཚིག་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ཚུད་ཡོད་པའི་ཡིག་ཆ།
༣༽	སྐད་སྒྱུར་རྐྱབ་ཐངས།
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ གོ་བ་མ་འཛོལ་བར་བསྒྱུར་དགོཔ།
-	བསྒྱུར་བྱ་དང་ སྒྱུར་བྱེད་ སྐད་ཡིག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ བརྡ་སྦྱོར་ལམ་ལུགས།
-	ཚིག་སྡེ།
-	བསྒྱུར་བྱ་དང་སྒྱུར་བྱེད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ རིག་གཞུང་ལུ་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་ཅིག་དགོ།
-	ལོ་ཀཱ་ལའི་ཟེ་ཤཱན།
-	གཅིག་མཚུངས་མེད་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ།
-	ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་འབྲེལ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་དང་ བསལ་ཐབས།
-	དཔྱེ་གཏམ་སྐད་སྒྱུར་རྐྱབ་ཐངས།
-	རྗོད་བྱེད་ཚིག་གི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ སྐད་སྒྱུར།
-	དོ་མཉམ་མིང་ཚིག་ དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ཐབས།
-	མིང་ཚིག་ཚུ་གི་གོ་དོན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ སྐད་སྒྱུར་རྐྱབ་དགོཔ།
-	ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ མིང་ཚིག་སྐད་སྒྱུར།
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་གོ་རིམ་སེམས་ཁར་བཞག་དགོཔ།
-	མིང་ཚིག་གསར་བཟོ།
-	སྐད་ཡིག་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ཐབས།
-	རྩོམ་རིག་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ཐབས།
-	སྐད་སྒྱུར་གྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་ཤེས་དགོཔ།

ཐུན་མཚན་བཞི་པ།
	༡༽	སྐད་སྒྱུར་ལུ་མཁོ་བའི་བསླབ་བྱ།
༢༽	སྡེ་ཚན་ནང་ སྒྲ་སྒྱུར་ དོན་སྒྱུར་ སྡེབ་སྒྱུར་སོགས་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ལས་ སྦྱོང་ལཱ་འབད་ནི།
༣༽	སྡེ་ཚན་ནང་འབད་དི་ཡོད་མིའི་སྦྱོང་ལཱ་སྐོར་ གྲོས་བསྟུན་འབད་ནི།
&lt;/big&gt;

རིག་གནས་སྤྱིའི་རྣམ་གཞག

སྒྲ་རིག་པ་ཞེས་པ་ནི། བརྗོད་བྱའི་དོན་མཐའ་དག་གི་མིང་ཚིག་བརྗོད་གཞི་རྣམས་གཏན་ལ་ཕབ་ནས་ཚིག་སྦྱོར་ལ་འཁྲུལ་པ་ཚར་གཅོད་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་གང་ལ་ཅི་དགོས་པ་ཇི་མ་ཇི་བཞིན་དུ་ལུང་སྟོན་པའམ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་པར་བྱེད་པའི་རིག་པ་ཡིན། བརྡ་སྤྲོད་པའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ནི་ཡི་གེ་ཡོད་པའི་མི་རིགས་གང་འདྲ་ཡིན་རུང་རང་རང་སོ་སོའི་སྐད་དང་མཐུན་པའི་སྒྲ་རིག་པའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ཡོད་པ་ཡིན། བརྡ་སྤྲོད་རིག་པའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ལ། སྒྲ་ཀཱ་ལ་པ་དང༌། ཙནྡྲ་པ། པཱ་ཎི་བ། དབྱངས་ཅན་མ་སྟེ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་པའི་གཞུང་ལུགས་མང་དུ་ཡོད་ཀྱང༌། ཀཱ་ཙན་དབྱངས་གསུམ་གྲགས་ཆེ། སྒྲའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ཐོག་མར་བྱུང་བའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ནི། སྔོན་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ་དུ་བྲམ་ཟེ་སརྦ་ཛྙཱ་ཞེས་པས་ལྷའི་དབང་པོ་བརྒྱ་བྱིན་ལ་བསླབས། བརྒྱ་བྱིན་གྱིས་དྲང་སྲོང་ཕུར་བུ་ལ་བསླབས། དེ་ལས་འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་དུ་དར་བར་གྲགས།

ཚད་མ་རིག་ཞེས་པ་ནི། མངོན་སུམ་དང་རྗེས་དཔག་ཚད་མ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་གཞལ་ཏེ་རང་གཞན་གྱི་རྨོངས་པ་དང་འཁྲུལ་པ་ཚར་བཅད་ནས་དངོས་པོ་ཆེ་ཕྲ་སོ་སོའི་ངོ་བོའམ་ཡིན་ལུགས་གཏན་ལ་འབེབས་བྱེད་ཀྱི་རིག་པ་ཡིན། ཚད་མ་རིག་པ་ལ་ཕྱི་རོལ་པའི་གྲུབ་མཐའི་ལུགས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ཀྱང་མང་ཞིང༌། ནང་པ་ལ་སློབ་དཔོན་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་གླང་པོས་མཛད་པའི་ཚད་མ་ཀུན་བཏུས་དང༌། དེའི་འགྲེལ་པ་སློབ་དཔོན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་གྲགས་པས་མཛད་པའི་ཚད་མ་སྡེ་བདུན་སོགས་རྒྱ་གཞུང་དང༌། བོད་དུའང་ས་པན་གྱིས་མཛད་པའི་ཚད་མ་རིགས་གཏེར་དང༌། མཁས་གྲུབ་རྗེས་མཛད་པའི་ཚད་མ་སྡེ་བདུན་ཡིད་ཀྱི་མུན་སེལ། མི་ཕས་པས་མཛད་པའི་ལེགས་བཤད་སྣང་བའི་གཏེར་སོགས་མང་དུ་མཆིས།

བཟོ་རིག་པ་ཞེས་པ་ནི། བློ་རིག་པ་དང་ལག་རྩལ་སྤྱད་ནས་མཁོ་རྒུ་དངོས་པོའི་དཔལ་ཡོན་སྤེལ་བར་བྱེད་པའི་རིག་པ་ཡིན། དེའང་བདེ་བར་གཤེགས་པའི་སྐུ་བརྙན་འབུར་དུ་ཐོན་པ་དང་བྲིས་མ་སོགས་གཟུགས་བརྙན་གྱི་རིགས་དང༌། གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་སོགས་ཁྱིམ། ཟས་གོས་བྱེ་བྲག་ཅི་རིགས་པ་སོགས་ལུས་ཀྱིས་འབད་པས་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་བྱེད་པ་ལུས་བཟོ་དང༌། བཀའ་དང་བསྟན་བཅོས་དང༌། ཡི་གེའི་མིང་ཚིག་བརྗོད་པ། གདངས་དང་དབྱངས་སོགས་ངག་གི་བྱེད་ལས་ལས་ཐོན་དགོས་པ་ངག་བཟོ་དང༌། ཐོས་བསམ་སྒོམ་གསུམ་དང༌། ས་གཞི་བརྟག་པ་དང་སྐྱེས་པ་བུད་མེད་བརྟག་པ་སོགས་ བློ་གྲོས་ཀྱི་རྩལ་གྱིས་རྟོགས་པར་བྱེད་པ་ཡིད་བཟོ་བཅས་གསུམ་དུ་བཤད། བཟོ་རིག་གི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ལ་ འཇིག་རྟེན་ལུགས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ཤེས་རབ་བརྒྱ་པ་དང༌། སྐྱེ་བོ་གསོ་ཐིག་སོགས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་བཅོས་སོགས་མང་དུ་ཡོད།

གསོ་བ་རིག་པ་ཞེས་པ་ནི། སྐྱེ་འགྲོའི་སྒྱུ་ལུས་ཀྱི་རྟེན་ལ་ཉེ་བར་འཚེ་བའི་ནད་རིགས་བཞི་བརྒྱ་རྩ་བཞིར་གྲགས་པ་དེ་དག་འགོག་སེལ་དང་འབྲལ་ཡུན་དུ་འཚོ་བའི་ཐབས་སམ་རིག་པ་ཡིན། གསོ་བ་རིག་པའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ལ་ སློབ་དཔོན་ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ་ཀྱིས་མཛད་པའི་སྡེབ་སྦྱོར་བརྒྱ་པ། སློབ་དཔོན་དཔའ་བོས་མཛད་པའི་སྨན་དཔྱད་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་བསྡུས་པ་རྩ་འགྲེལ་བཅས་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་སྨན་གཞུང་དང༌། བོད་དུའང་གཡུ་ཐོག་གསར་རྙིང་ལས་དར་བ་བོད་ཀྱི་སྨན་གཞུང་ཇི་སྙེད་པ་ལས། རྩ་རྒྱུད། བཤད་རྒྱུད། མན་ངག་རྒྱུད། ཕྱི་མའི་རྒྱུད་སོགས་མང་དུ་ཡོད།

ནང་དོན་རིག་པ་ཞེས་པ་ནི། མི་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ཉོན་མངོས་པ་དུག་གསུམ་སེལ་ནས་རང་གཞན་གྱི་གཏན་བདེ་སྒྲུབ་ཐབས་ཐུན་མངོ་མ་ཡིན་པ་ལམ་བསླབ་པ་གསུམ་དང༌། ལུང་སྡེ་སྣོད་གསུམ་དུ་གྲགས་པ་ནང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་ཆོས་ལུགས་ཀྱི་རིག་པ་ཡིན། དེ་ལ་ལུང་སྡེ་སྣོད་གསུམ་དང་སྔགས་རྒྱུད་སྡེ་བཞི་སོགས་སངས་ཀྱི་བཀའ་དང༌། བསྟན་བཅོས་ལ་ཡང་བཀའ་འཁོར་ལོ་གསུམ་གྱི་དགོངས་འགྲེལ་དུ་གྱུར་པའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་བྱམས་ཆོས་སྡེ་ལྔ་དང་དབུ་མ་རིགས་ཚོགས་ལྔ་སོགས་རྒྱ་གཞུང་དང༌། བོད་དུའང་མཁས་གྲུབ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་མཛད་པའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་མང་དུ་མཆིས།

རིག་གནས་ཆུང་བ་ལྔ་ནི།
མངོན་བརྗོད་ནི་ འཁོར་འདས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་རྣམས་ལ་འདྲ་བ་དང༌། འབྲེལ་བ། ལྡོག་པ་རྒྱུ་མཚན་དུ་བྱས་ཏེ་ཐ་སྙད་བཏགས་པ་དོན་གཅིག་ལ་མིང་མང་པོས་མངོན་པར་བརྗོད་པའམ། མིང་གཅིག་ལ་དོན་མང་པོར་འཇུག་ཚུལ་གྱི་རིག་པ་ཡིན། དེ་སྟོན་པའི་གཞུང་ནི་པཎྜི་ཏ་འཆི་མེད་སེངྒེས་མཛད་པའི་མངོན་བརྗོད་འཆི་མེད་མཛོད་དང༌། དེའི་འགྲེལ་པ་རབ་འབྱོར་ཟླ་བས་མཛད་པ་འདོད་འཇོའི་བ་མོ་སོགས་རྒྱ་གཞུང་དང༌། བོད་ཀྱི་མཁས་པ་རིན་སྤུངས་ངག་དབང་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྲགས་པས་མཛད་པའི་མཁས་པའི་རྣ་རྒྱན་སོགས་མང༌།

སྡེབ་སྦྱོར་ནི་ ལྕི་བ་དང་ཡང་བའི་ཡི་གེ་སྒྱུར་བ་དང་སྤེལ་བའི་སྒོ་ནས་ཚིག་གི་སྦྱོར་བ་ལེགས་པར་སྒྲིག་པའི་ཐབས་ཡིན། དེའི་གཞུང་ནི་རྒྱ་གར་པཎྜི་ཏ་ཨ་ཀ་ར་ཤཱནྟིས་མཛད་པའི་སྡེབ་སྦྱོར་རིག་ཆེན་ཕྲེང་བ་དང༌། སློབ་དཔོན་རིན་ཆེན་འབྱུང་གནས། དྲང་སྲོང་དམར་སེར་དང་རྒྱལ་བ་ལྷས་མཛད་པའི་སྡེབ་གྱི་གཞུང་མང་པོ་ཡོད། སྤྱིར་སྡེབ་སྦྱོར་ལ་གཉིས་སུ་ངེས་ཏེ། ཡི་གེ་བགྲང་བ་པྲྀཏྟ་དང༌། ཕྱི་མ་བགྲང་བ་ཛ་ཏི་ཞེས་པའི་སྡེབ་སྦྱོར་རིགས་གཉིས་ཡོད། དེ་ཡང་ལྕི་ཡང་ལས་ཕྱེ་བས་བོད་ཡིག་ལ་གཙོ་མི་ཆེའོ།།

ཟློས་གར་ནི་ འཁྲབ་བྱའི་ནང་དོན་མི་རིགས་གང་ཞིག་གི་ཆས་སུ་ཞུགས་པ་དེའི་སྐད་དུ་སྐྱེ་བོ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་བདེ་སྡུག་དང༌། མཛའ་བརྩེའམ། དགའ་ཁྲོ། བྱམས་སྡང་སོགས་ནང་བློའི་འགྱུར་བ་རྣམས་ཕྱི་ལུས་ཀྱི་ཉམས་ཐོག་ནས་མཚོན་པར་བྱེད་པའི་ཐབས་ཡིན། དེ་ལ་སྤྱིར་བཏང་དུ་བཤད་ན་མདོ་འཛིན་པ་དང༌། རོལ་མོ་བ་དང༌། ཆས་ཞུགས་པ་དང༌། བཞད་གད་མཁན་དང༌། ཟློས་གར་བ་བཅས་ཡན་ལག་ལྔ་ཚང་དགོས་ཤིང༌། ནང་དོན་ནི་དུས་སྐབས་སོ་སོའི་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་འཕེལ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་དགོས་མཁོ་དང་བསྟུན་ནས་འདེམས་སྒྲིག་བྱེད་པ་ལས་ངེས་པ་མེད། ཟློས་གར་གྱི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ལ་སླབ་དཔོན་ཙནྡྲ་གོ་མིས་མཛད་པའི་འཇིག་རྟེན་ཀུན་ཏུ་དགའ་བའི་བསྟན་བཅོས། དཔལ་དགའ་བའི་ལྷའི་ཀླུ་ཀུན་ཏུ་དགའ་བའི་བསྟན་བཅོས། མགོན་པོ་ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ་ཀྱིས་མཛད་པའི་གསེར་འགྱུར་རྩིའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་སོགས་ཡོད། 
དབྱེ་གཞི་སྒྲའི་སྟེང་དུ། དབྱེ་ངོ་སྙན་ངག མངོན་བརྗོད། སྡེབ་སྦྱོར། ཟློས་གར་བཞི་བསྣན་པས་རིག་པའི་གནས་ཆུང་ལྔའམ། ཐ་སྙད་རིག་པའི་གནས་ལྔ་ར་ཡང་གྲགས། དེ་ལྔ་ལ་དགོས་པའི་དབང་གིས། སྒྲ་ཤེས་ན་དོན་ལ་མི་རྨོངས། སྙན་ངག་ཤེས་ན་ཚིག་རྒྱན་ལ་མི་རྨོངས། མངོན་བརྗོད་ཤེས་ན་མིང་ལ་མི་རྨོངས། སྡེབ་སྦྱོར་ཤེས་ན་ཚིགས་བཅད་ལ་མི་རྨོངས། ཟློས་གར་ཤེས་ན་སྐད་རིགས་ལ་མི་རྨོངས་ཞེས་སྔ་རབས་པ་རྣམས་ལ་གྲགས།

སྐར་རྩིས་ནི་ གྲངས་ཀྱི་རིག་པས་གཞལ་ཏེ་འཁོར་འདས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་ལྐོག་སུ་གྱུར་པ་མཐའ་ཀླས་པ་ཞིག་ངོ་མཚར་ལྡན་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་སྟོན་པའི་རིག་པ་ཡིན། དེ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་སྐར་རྩིས་ཤེས་ན་གྲངས་ལ་རྨོངས་ཞེས་གྲགས། དེའི་འབྱུང་ཁུངས་ནི་ སྟོན་པ་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པས་བྲམ་ཟེའི་སློབ་དཔོན་ཀུན་གྱི་བཤེས་གཉེན་གྱི་དྲུང་ནས་གསན་ཅིང༌། ཕྱིས་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲས་སྤུངས་སུ་ཤམ་བྷ་ལའི་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཟླ་བ་བཟང་པོ་འཁོར་ཚོགས་དང་བཅས་པ་ལ་དུས་འཁོར་གྱི་རྩ་རྒྱུད་སྟོང་ཕྲག་བཅུ་གཉིས་སོགས་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདའ་ཁའི་ཞལ་ཆེམས་ཀྱི་ཚུལ་དུ་གསུངས་ཞིང༌། ལྕགས་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་ལ་ཟླ་བཟང་གིས་རྩ་རྒྱུད་བསྡུས་ཤིང་འགྲེལ་པ་མཛད། ཆུ་རྟ་ལོ་ལ་སྐལ་བ་དང་ལྡན་པ་རྣམས་ལ་བསྟན་ནས་རྩིས་གཞུང་དར་བ་དེ་བོད་དུ་དར་བར་གྲགས། སྐར་རྩིས་ལ་བྱེད་རྩིས་དང་གྲུབ་རྩིས་གཉིས་ཡོད། འདི་དག་གི་གཞུང་ཡང་ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་རྭ་འབྲོམ་ཤོང་གསུམ་གྱི་རིང་ལ་བོད་དུ་ཐོག་མར་འགྱུར་ཞིང༌། ཕྱིས་སུ་ཕུག་པ་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་སོགས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་རྣམ་གསུམ་ནས་བཟུང་དར་རྒྱས་ཆེ་བ་བྱུང༌། སྡེ་སྲིད་སངས་རྒྱས་རྒྱ་མཚོས་མཛད་པའི་བཻ་དཀར་སོགས་བོད་དུའང་བསྟན་བཅོས་རྩིས་ཀྱི་གཞུང་ཤིན་ཏུ་མང་པོ་ཡོད།

སྙན་ངག་ནི་ བརྗོད་བྱ་གང་དང་གང་རྗོད་པར་བྱེད་པའི་ཚིག་ བཅད་ལྷུག་སྤེལ་གསུམ་གྱི་ལུས་མཛེས་ཤིང་སྙན་པ་དང༌། ཡང་ན་བརྗིད་ཅིང་ཉམས་ལྡན་བྱུང་ན་བློ་ལྡན་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ཡིད་འཕྲོག་པའི་གནས་སུ་འགྱུར་པའི་རིག་པ་ཡིན། དེ་བསྟན་པའི་གཞུང་ཡང་ རྒྱ་གར་དུ་དྲང་སྲང་རྒྱས་པའི་སྙན་ངག་བྷ་ར་ཏ། མེ་བཞིན་འཇུག་གི་བུ་མོའི་སྙན་ངག་བསྒོམ་པའི་ཆོས། དྲང་སྲོང་གྲོག་མཁར་བའི་སྙན་ངག་རཱ་མ་ཡ་ན། མརྐེ་ཎ་ཊའི་སྙན་ངག་ཁྱབ་འཇུག་གི་འཇུག་པ་བཅུ་སོགས་ཤོ་ལོ་ཀ་འབུམ་ཡོད་པ་དང༌། དེ་བཞིན་ནག་མོའི་ཁོལ་གྱི་སྙན་ངག་གཞོན་ནུ་འབྱུང་བ། རཱ་མ་ཤརྨའི་སྙན་ངག་གྷུ་ཝཾ་ཤ། སྙན་ངག་གི་བསྟན་བཅོས་དབྱངས་ཅན་མགུལ་རྒྱན་དང༌། སློབ་དཔོན་དབྱུག་པ་ཅན་གྱིས་མཛད་པའི་སྙན་ངག་གི་བསྟན་བཅོས་མེ་ལོང་མ་སོགས་མང་དུ་ཡོད། བོད་དུ་ཡང་ ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་ཤོང་སྟོན་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་སྙན་ངག་མེ་ལོང་མ་ཐོག་མར་བསྒྱུར་ལས་བཟུང་ མཁས་གྲུབ་སྤྱི་དང་བྱེ་བྲག་གིས་མཛད་པའི་སྙན་ངག་གི་བསྟན་བཅོས་དབྱངས་ཅན་དགྱེས་པའི་རོལ་མཚོ། དབྱངས་ཅན་ངག་གི་རོལ་མཚོ། སྙན་ངག་དནྜའི་དགོངས་རྒྱན་སོགས་མང་དུ་མཆིས།

རིག་གནས་ཆུང་ལྔ་པོ་ རིག་པའི་གནས་ཆེན་ལྔའི་ནང་དུ་ཚུལ།
ཤེས་བྱ་རིག་པའི་གནས་ཐམས་ཅད་རིག་པའི་གནས་ཆེན་ལྔའི་ནང་དུ་མ་འདུས་པ་མེད་པས། རིག་པའི་གནས་ཆུང་ལྔ་པོ་ཡང་རིག་པའི་གནས་ལྔའི་ཁོངས་སུ་འདུ་སྟེ། འདི་ཡང་ མངོན་བརྗོད། ཟློས་གར། སྐར་རྩིས། སྡེབ་སྦྱོར། སྙན་ངག་ལྔ་ཀ་ སྒྲ་རིག་པའི་ནང་དུ་འདུ། གཞན་ཡང་འདུལ་བ་ལུང་ལས་གསུངས་པའི་རིག་གནས་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་དང༌། སློབ་དཔོན་དབྱིག་གཉེན་གྱི་མཛོད་རང་འགྲེལ་ལས་གསུངས་པའི་རིག་པའི་གནས་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་ཡང་ཅི་རིགས་པར་རིག་པའི་གནས་ཆེན་ལྔའི་ནང་དུ་འདུ་བ་མ་ཚད། སྒྱུ་རྩལ་དྲུག་ཅུ་རྩ་བཞི་ལ་སོགས་པའང་རིག་གནས་ཆེ་བ་ལྔའི་ནང་དུ་འདུས་པར་ས་སྐྱ་པཎྜི་ཏའི་མཁས་པ་ལ་འཇུག་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་གསུངས།

སྤྱིར་རིག་པའི་གནས་ལྔ་སྦྱངས་དགོས་པའི་དགོས་པ་ནི།
དེ་ཡང་མདོ་ལས། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རིག་པའི་དངོས་པོ་ལྔ་མ་བསླབས་ན་ནི་ནམ་དུ་ཡང་བླ་ན་མེད་པ་ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཏུ་ཐམས་ཅད་མཁྱེན་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཐོབ་པར་མི་ནུས་སོ།། དེ་བས་ན་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཐོབ་པར་བྱ་བའི་ཕྱིར་རིག་པའི་དངོས་པོ་ལྔ་བསླབ་པར་བྱའོ།། ཞེས་དང༌། རྒྱས་ཚབ་བྱམས་པ་མགོན་པོས། རིག་པའི་གནས་ལྔ་དག་ལ་བརྩོན་པར་མ་བྱས་ན།། འཕགས་མཆོག་གིས་ཀྱང་ཐམས་ཅད་མཁྱེན་ཉིད་ཐོབ་མི་འགྱུར།། དེ་བས་གཞན་དག་ཚར་གཅད་རྗེས་སུ་གཟུང་ཕྱིར་དང༌།། བདག་ཉིད་ཀུན་ཤེས་བྱ་ཕྱིར་དེ་ལ་དེ་བརྩོན་བྱ།། ཞེས་དང༌། 
ས་སྐྱ་པཎྜི་ཏས། རང་བློ་ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ལ་མ་སྦྱངས་ན།། ཐམས་ཅད་མཁྱེན་པ་ནམ་མཁའི་མཐའ་ལྟར་རིང༌།། དེ་ལྟར་དགོངས་ནས་རྒྱལ་དང་རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀྱིས།། ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ཀུན་སྦྱངས་ཞེས་ལེགས་པར་གསུངས།། ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་ རིག་པའི་གནས་ལྔ་ལ་ཚུལ་བཞིན་དུ་མ་བསླབས་ན། འཕགས་པ་དག་གིས་ཀྱང་བླ་ན་མེད་པ་ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་འཐོབ་པར་མི་འགྱུར་ལ། དེའི་ཕྱིར་སོ་སོ་སྐྱེ་བོ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ཤེས་བྱ་རིག་པའི་གནས་གཅིག་ཀྱང་མ་ལུས་པ་དེ་དང་དེ་ལ་ཐོག་མ་ཉིད་ནས་བརྩོན་པར་བྱ་དགོས་པས། རིག་པའི་གནས་ལྔ་པོ་ནི་རྣམ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་མཁྱེན་པའི་གོ་འཕང་འཐོབ་པའི་རྒྱུའི་གཙོ་བོ་དང༌། རང་གཞན་གྱ་ིདོན་གཉིས་འབྱུང་བའི་གཞི། འཕྲལ་ཡུན་གྱི་ལེགས་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་འབྱུང་ཁུངས་ཡིད་པས་ཐོག་མ་ཉིད་དུ་དེ་ལ་བརྟེན་དགོས་སོ།།

སྒོས་སུ་བརྡ་དང་ཐ་སྙད་རིག་པ་ནི་ཐོག་མ་ཉིད་འཇུག་ཅིང་བསླབ་པར་བྱ་དགོས་པའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ནི།
སློབ་དཔོན་འཕགས་པ་ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ་ཀྱིས། ཐ་སྙད་ལ་ནི་མ་བརྟེན་པར།། དམ་པའི་དོན་ནི་བསྟན་མི་ནུས།། དམ་པའི་དོན་ནི་མ་རྟོགས་པར།། མྱ་ངན་འདས་པ་ཐོབ་མི་འགྱུར།། ཞེས་དོན་དམ་པའི་གནས་ལུགས་རྟོགས་པར་བྱེད་པའང་བརྡ་དང་ཐ་སྙད་ལ་བརྟེན་དགོས་ཤིང༌། དེ་ཡང་རྗོད་བྱེད་ཡང་དག་པ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་བརྗོད་བྱ་ཕྱིན་ཅི་མ་ལོག་པར་ཁོང་དུ་ཆུད་པར་བྱེད་དགོས་པས་ཐོག་མར་བརྡ་དང་ཐ་སྙད་རིག་པ་ལ་བསླབ་དགོས་སོ།།

སྙན་ངག་རིག་པའི་གཞུང་གི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ལ། 
སྤྱིར་སྙན་ངག་གཞུང་མ་དར་བའི་གོང་སྙན་ངག་ཡོད་མེད་སྐོར། 
དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱིར་ སྙན་ངག་མཁན་ལ་ཅི་ཡང་རྒྱན།། ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་བརྗོད་བྱའི་དོན་ཆེ་ཕྲ་གང་ཞིག་ཡིག་རུང་རྗོད་བྱེད་ངག་གི་སྦྱོར་བ་ཐ་མལ་པ་ལས་ཁྱད་དུ་འཕགས་པ་ཞིག་ཡིན་ན་སྙན་ངག་ཡིན་པས་ཁྱབ་པས། འགྲོ་བ་མིའི་སྐད་རིགས་ཅིག་ཡོད་ཕྱིན་ཆད་ དེ་ལ་སྙན་ངག་འདི་རང་བཞིན་ཤུགས་ཀྱིས་ཡོད་པ་ཡིན། ཐ་ན་འཇིག་རྟེན་པ་ཕྱུགས་རྫི་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ངག་གཤིས་ལ་ཡང་ ཚིག་སྦྱོར་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་སྙན་ངག་འདི་རང་བཞིན་ལྷན་སྐྱེས་སུ་ཡོད། དེ་ཡང་གནའ་རབས་ཀྱི་ཡིག་རྙིང་དང་གླུ་བཞེས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ངག་གི་ཉམས་འགྱུར་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་སྙན་ཚིག་རིག་པའི་རྣམ་འགྱུར་སྣ་ཚོགས་པ་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་བརྗོད་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པ་མཐོང་ཆོས་སུ་ཡིན། 

རྒྱ་གར་འཕགས་པའི་ཡུལ་དུ་སྙན་ངག་གི་གཞུང་ཇི་ལྟར་བྱུང་བའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ནི།
དེ་ཡང་སྔོན་རྒྱ་གར་དུ་སྙན་ངག་གི་བསྟན་བཅོས་བྷ་ར་ཏ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཞིག་བརྩམས་པ་ཚོགས་བདག་གིས་ཡིན་མཁན་བྱས་ནས་བྲིས་པར་གྲགས་པའི་གཞུང་ཤོ་ལོ་ཀ་འབུམ་ལྷག་ཡོད་པ་དང༌། དྲང་སྲོང་མེ་བཞིན་འཇུག་གི་བུ་མོས་སྙན་ངག་རཱ་མ་ཡ་ན་ཞེས་པ་ཞིག་བརྩམས་པ་དེ་ནི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རཱ་མ་ན་དང་དེའི་བཙུན་པོ་རོལ་རྙེད་མའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་སྙན་ངག་ཏུ་སྦྱར་བ་ཤོ་ལོ་ཀ་འབུམ་ཡོད་པ་ཞིག་དང༌། མརྐེ་ཎ་ཊ་ཡིས་བརྩམས་པའི་སྙན་ངག་གི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ཁྱབ་འཇུག་གི་འཇུག་པ་བཅུ་སོགས་གཙོ་བོར་སྟོན་པ་ཤོ་ལོ་ཀ་འབུམ་ལྷག་ཡོད་པ་ཞིག་དང༌། རཱ་མ་ཤརྨས་མཛད་པའི་སྙན་ངག་གི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ཤོ་ལོ་ཀ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་བརྒྱད་ཅུ་ཅན་དང༌། ནག་མོ་ཁོལ་གྱིས་མཛད་པའི་སྙན་ངག་གཞོན་ནུ་འབྱུང་བ་དང༌། གཞན་སྙན་ངག་གི་བསྟན་བཅོས་དབྱངས་ཅན་མགུལ་རྒྱན་སོགས་མང་པོ་ཡོད་ལ། དེ་དག་ལས་རཱ་མ་ཤརྨས་བརྩམས་པའི་གཞུང་དང༌། དབྱངས་ཅན་མགུལ་རྒྱན་གཉིས་གྲགས་ཆེ་བས་ཁྱབ་གདལ་ཆེ། ཕྱིས་སུ་སློབ་དཔོན་དཎྜིའམ་དབྱུག་པ་ཅན་གྱིས་སྔོན་གྱི་སྙན་ངག་གི་བསྟན་བཅོས་མང་པོའི་ཚིག་ཚོགས་ཆེ་བ་རྣམས་ཉུང་ངུར་བསྡུས། དེ་དག་ལས་ལེགས་པའི་ཚིག་སྦྱོར་མཚོན་པར་བྱས་པའི་སྟེང་དུ་བྷ་ར་ཏའི་སྦྱོར་བ་སོགས་ཡོན་ཏན་བཅུ་པོ་ཡང་བསྣན་ཏེ་རྒྱས་བསྡུས་ཤིན་ཏུ་འཚམ་པ། ཚིག་སྦྱོར་ལེགས་ཤིང་གསལ་བ། སྙན་ངག་མེ་ལོང་མ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ལེའུ་གསུམ་གྱི་རང་བཞིན་འདི་བརྩམས་པ་ནས་བཟུང༌། འདི་ཉིད་རྒྱ་གར་བ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས་ཐུན་མངོ་བའི་གཞུང་དུ་འཛིན་པར་གྲགས།

བོད་དུ་སྙན་ངག་གི་གཞུང་དར་ཚུལ་ནི། 
དེ་ཡང་རབ་བྱུང་བཞི་པའི་སྔོན་བོད་དུ་སྙན་ངག་གི་གཞུང་མ་དར་ལ། ཕྱིས་རབ་བྱུང་བཞི་པའི་དུས་སུ་ས་སྐྱ་འགྲོ་མགོན་འཕགས་པའི་སྐུ་རིང་ལ་ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་ཤོང་སྟོན་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་དཔལ་ས་སྐྱའི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ཆེན་པོར་(སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༢༥༠ནས་༡༢༧༠ཙམ་གྱི་བར་ལ)སྙན་ངག་མེ་ལོང་འདི་ཐོག་མར་བསྒྱུར། དེ་རྗེས་དཔང་ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་བློ་གྲོས་བརྟན་པས་གོ་དཀའ་བའི་ཆ་ཤས་སུ་གྱུར་པ་རྣམས་དང༌། དོན་ཆེ་བ་རྣམས་ལ་འགྱུར་བཅོས་བྱས་ཤིང༌། དེ་རྗེས་སྙེ་ཐང་བློ་བརྟན་ཞི་བས་སླར་ཡང་འགྱུར་བཅོས་དང་འབྲེལ་མཆན་ཉན་གྱི་རྒྱུན་སྤེལ་བའི་བཀའ་དྲིན་གྱིས་བོད་ལྗོངས་སུ་ཆེ་ཆེར་དར། དེའི་རྗེས་སུའང་ཞ་ལུ་ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་བཟང་པོས་རྒྱ་འགྲེལ་གཉིས་ལ་གཏུགས་ནས་དག་བཅོས་དང་མཆན་འདེབས་མཛད། ཀརྨ་སི་ཏུ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉིན་བྱེད་ཀྱིས་ཀྱང་རྒྱ་དཔེ་དང་བསྡུར་ནས་འགྱུར་བཅོས་ལེགས་པར་མཛད་པའི་སྐད་གཉིས་ཤན་སྦྱར་མཛད། སྡེ་པ་རིན་སྤུངས་པའི་སྙན་འགྲེལ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེའི་ངོ་རོ། རྒྱལ་བ་ལྔ་པའི་དབྱངས་ཅན་དགྱེས་གླུ། བོད་མཁས་པའི་དཎྜིའི་དགོངས་རྒྱན། ཁམས་སྤྲུལ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཉི་མའི་དབྱངས་ཅན་ངག་གི་རོལ་མཚོ། འཇུ་མི་ཕམ་གྱི་དབྱངས་ཅན་དགྱེས་པའི་རོལ་མཚོ་སོགས་དང༌། ཙནྡན་ནགས་མོའི་ལྗོངས་འདིར་ཡང་ རྗེ་དགེ་འདུན་རིན་ཆེན་གྱིས་མཛད་པའི་སྙན་དཔེ། སློབ་དཔོན་ནོར་བུ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་མཛད་པའི་སྙན་ཚིག་འགྲེལ་པ་དང་དཔེར་བརྗོད། གཞན་ཡང་མཁས་གྲུབ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་མཛད་པའི་སྙན་འགྲེལ་དང་དཔེར་བརྗོད་གྲངས་ལས་འདས་སོ།།

སྙན་ཚིག་རིག་པ་སྦྱང་དགོས་པའི་ཁུངས་དོན།
དེ་ཡང་ འཇིག་རྗེན་འདིར་མཁས་པ་པཎྜི་ཏ་ལས་ ཐ་ན་ཕྱུགས་རྫི་ཡན་ཆད་དུ་མེད་དུ་མི་རུང་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ མི་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ངག་གི་རྒྱན་ཆ་དང་འདྲ་བའི་སྙན་ངག་ནི། ནང་དོན་རིག་པའི་གསུང་རབ་ མདོ་སྔགས་རིག་གནས་དང་བཅས་པའི་བཀའ་དང་བསྟན་བཅོས་ཇི་སྙེད་ཅིག་ཡོད་པ་རྣམས་ ཕལ་ཆེར་སྙན་ངག་གི་ཚིག་སྦྱོར་གྱིས་བཅིངས་ཤིང༌། སྙན་ངག་མི་འཇུག་པ་མེད་པས་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་རྣམ་ཐར་དེབ་ཐེར་སོགས་ནའང་སྙན་ཚིག་གི་ལམ་ནས་ཆེད་དུ་བརྗོད་པ་དང༌། མ་མཐའ་འཕྲིན་ཡིག་ཙམ་ལའང་སྙན་ཚིག་གི་ཚིག་འདི་ལས་མ་འདས་པས། འདི་ནི་རིག་གནས་ཀུན་ལ་བལྟ་བའི་མིག་ཏུ་འགྱུར་པ་མ་ཟད། རང་ཉིད་ཀྱིས་སྐྱེ་བོ་མང་པོའི་ཁྲོད་དུ་རིག་པའི་གནས་ལས་བརྩམས་ཏེ་འཆད་རྩོད་རྩོམ་གསུམ་དང༌། གཞན་ལ་མཛུབ་ཁྲིད་བྱེད་པ་དང༌། གཞན་ཡང་གྲོགས་ཕན་ཚུན་འབེལ་གཏམ་གྱི་གླེང་མོལ་བྱེད་པ་ཚུན་ཆད་ཀྱི་སྐབས་སུའང༌། རང་ཚིག་སྔ་ཕྱི་མི་འགལ་བ་དང༌། ཚིག་དོན་གྱི་ཆ་སྐྱོན་མེད་མིང་འབྲེལ་ཆགས་པར་མ་ཟད། ཐ་ན་ཀུ་རེའམ་བཞད་གད་ཀྱི་གཏམ་དང་འབྲེལ་ཚེ་ཐོས་པ་ཙམ་གྱིས་དགོད་ཤོར་བ་དང༌། སྐྱེ་བོ་གཞན་ལ་བསྡིག་པའི་ཚིག་གམ་མཚང་འབྲུ་བ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གཏམ་དང་འབྲེལ་ཚེ། གླེངས་པ་ཙམ་གྱིས་གཞན་ཡིད་སྤ་བཀོང་བར་བྱེད་པ། མྱ་ངན་གྱི་གཏམ་དང་འབྲེལ་ཚེ། ཐོས་པ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ཡིད་རང་དབང་མེད་པར་སྐྱོ་བར་བྱེད་པ། གཞན་དགའ་བའི་གཏམ་དང་འབྲེལ་ཚེ། ཐོས་པ་ཙམ་གྱི་འཛུམ་དམུལ་བྱེད་པ་སོགས་ནི་སྙན་ངག་གི་དོན་རྟོགས་ཤིང༌། ཚིག་སྦྱོར་ལ་མཁས་པར་གོམས་པ་འདི་ཁོ་ན་ལ་རག་ལས་པའི་ཕྱིར་སྙན་ངག་གི་གཞུང་འདི་ནི། མཁས་པར་འདོད་པ་དག་གིས་བསླབ་པར་བྱ་བའི་གནས་མཆོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ་ཡིན་ཏེ། རྗེ་ཙོང་ཁ་པ་ཆེན་པོས། མཛད་པའི་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གསུམ་གྱི་གཏམ་གྱི་སྦྱོར་བ་ལས། རིགས་ལམ་རྣམ་པར་ཕྱེད་པའི་རྣམ་དཔྱོད་དང༌།། གཞུང་ལུགས་གདམས་པར་ཤར་བའི་ཉམས་ལེན་དང༌།། ཚིག་སྦྱོར་ཚུལ་ལ་མཁས་པའི་ངག་གི་དཔལ།། ས་སྟེང་འདི་ན་རིན་ཆེན་རྣམ་གསུམ་སྣང༌།། ཞེས་དང༌། སློབ་དཔོན་ཙནྡྲ་གོ་མིས། གང་ཕྱིར་མཁས་པའི་ལས་གསུམ་ལས།། རྩོད་འཆད་ངག་ལ་མ་ངེས་པ།། སྲིད་ཕྱིར་མི་འཁྲུལ་རྩོམ་པ་སྟེ།། ཞེས་དང༌། དཔག་བསམ་འཁྲི་ཤིང་ལས། མཁས་པ་ཉིད་ནི་མེད་ན་བློ་གྲོས་རྣམས་ཉམས་མི་རྣམས་འཚོ་བ་དོན་ཡོད་མིན།། མཚུངས་མེད་རྒྱས་པའི་སྙན་ངག་མེད་ན་མཁས་པ་ཉིད་ནི་ནེ་ཙོའི་ཀློག་དང་མཚུངས།། ཞེས་མཁས་པའི་བྱ་བ་འཆད་རྩོད་རྩོམ་གསུམ་ལས་རྩོམ་པ་བཟང་ངན་སྙན་ངག་ཤེས་མི་ཤེས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་འགྲོ་ལྡོག་བྱེད་ལ། གལ་ཏེ་ཚིག་སྦྱོར་ལ་མ་མཁས་ན་ ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་གཞན་ལ་ཅི་ཙམ་མཁས་ཀྱང་ ཟུར་མཁར་བློ་གྲོས་རྒྱལ་བས། རྒྱལ་པོ་ལང་ཚོས་དྲེགས་གྱུར་ཀྱང༌།། རྒྱན་མེད་པ་ན་སྐྱེས་བོས་གླེང༌།། དེ་བཞིན་སྙན་ངག་མི་ལྡན་པའི།། བསྟན་བཅོས་མཁས་ལ་རྩིས་སུ་མེད།། ཅེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་བརྗོད་བྱ་དོན་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཟབ་ཀྱང༌། རྗོད་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཚིག་སྦྱོར་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་མ་བྱུང་ན། བརྗོད་བྱའི་དོན་ཉམས་ཤིང༌། འབྲེལ་མི་ཆགས་པ་དང༌། རང་ཚིག་སྔ་ཕྱིའི་གོ་རིམ་འཆོལ་བ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྐྱོན་དང་ལྡན་པ་མ་ཟད། རྗོད་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ངག་མི་མཛེས་ཤིང༌། རྣ་བའི་ལམ་དུའང་མི་སྙན་པས་མཁས་པ་དག་གི་བཞད་གད་ཀྱི་ཡུལ་དུ་འགྱུར་བས། གནས་སྐབས་མཁས་པའི་གྲགས་པ་དང༌། རྙེད་བཀུར། མཐར་ཐུག་མཆོག་གི་བྱང་ཆུབ་འདོད་ཅིང་དོན་དུ་གཉེར་བ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་དུས་རྟག་ཏུ་ལེ་ལོ་དང་སྙོམ་ལས་མེད་པར་སྙན་ཚིག་རིག་པ་འདི་སྦྱང་དགོས་སོ།།

སྙན་ངག་གི་རྒྱུ་བཤད་པ།
ཀ༽ ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་རྒྱུ་ནི། རྩ་བར་་་་་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་སྤོབས་པ་དང༌།། མང་དུ་ཐོས་པ་དྲི་མེད་དང༌།། མངོན་པར་སྦྱོར་བ་མི་དམན་པ།། སྙན་ངག་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་རྒྱུ།། ཞེས་པ་སྟེ། སྐྱེ་བ་གཞན་སྔ་མ་མར་རིག་པའི་གནས་ལ་གོམས་པ་སྔོན་དུ་སོང་བའི་མཐུས་ཚེ་འདིར་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པའི་སྤོབས་པ་སྟེ་ སྐྱེ་ཐོབ་ཀྱི་ཤེས་རབ་ཟབ་མོ་དང༌། སྤྱིར་ཤེས་གནས་ཀུན་དང་བྱེ་བྲག་སྙན་ངག་གི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་དང༌། དེ་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་སྔོན་གྱི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་དང༌། མངོན་བརྗོད་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལེགས་བཤད་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་མང་དུ་ཐོས་ཤིང་ཐེ་ཚོམ་གྱི་དྲི་མ་མེད་པ་དང༌། དེ་དག་སེམས་པ་དང་གོམས་པ་ལ་མངོན་པར་སྦྱོར་བའི་གུས་སྦྱོར་དང༌། རྟག་སྦྱོར་གྱི་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་མི་དམན་པ་གསུམ་ནི་སྙན་ངག་གི་རིག་ཚུལ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་རང་རྒྱུད་ལ་སྐྲུན་པའི་རྒྱུའོ།།
ཁ༽ སྣོད་དུ་རང་བའི་རྒྱུ་ནི། རྩ་བར་་་་་་་གལ་ཏེ་སྔོན་གྱི་བག་ཆགས་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི།། རྗེས་འགྲེལ་སྤོབས་པ་རྨད་བྱུང་མེད་པ་ལའང༌།། ཐོད་དང་འབད་པ་དག་གིས་ངག་བསྟེན་ན།། ཅི་ཞིག་ལྟར་ཡང་ངེས་པར་རྗེས་འཛིན་བྱེད།། ཅེས་པ་སྟེ། གལ་ཏེ་ཚེ་སྔོན་སྦྱངས་པའི་བག་ཆགས་སད་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་རྗེས་འབྲེལ་དུ་བྱུང་བའི་སྐྱེས་ཐོབ་ཀྱི་སྤོབས་པ་རྨད་དུ་བྱུང་བ་མེད་པས་རྒྱུ་དང་པོ་མ་གྲུབ་པའི་གང་ལ་ལའང་རྒྱུ་གཉིས་པ་མང་དུ་ཐོས་པ་དང༌། རྒྱུ་གསུམ་པ་འབད་པ་བྱས་ན་དབང་པོའི་ཁྱད་པར་ཅི་ཞིག་ལྟར་ཡང་བློ་གྲོས་འཕེལ་བར་འགྱུར་བས་ངེས་པར་དུ་རྗེས་སུ་འཛིན་པར་བྱེད་དེ། སྙན་ངག་བསྟན་པར་བྱ་བའི་སྣོད་དུ་རུང་བ་ཡིན་པས་དེ་ལ་དུས་སུ་བསྟན་པར་བྱ་དགོས་སོ།།

སྙན་ངག་སྦྱང་པའི་ཕན་ཡོན་ནི།
སྦྱངས་ན་གོང་དུ་བཤད་པའི་དོན་རྣམས་འགྲུབ་པར་འགྱུར་པ་དང༌། ངེས་པར་དུ་སྙན་ངག་ཤེས་པའི་སྐལ་བ་དང་ལྡན་པར་འགྱུར་བ་དང༌། བཀའ་བསྟན་རིག་གནས་དང་བཅས་པའི་གཞུང་ལུགས་ཀུན་ནོར་འཁྲུལ་མེད་པར་རྟོགས་ནུས་པ་དང༌། རང་གིས་ཡང་སྙན་ངག་ཆེན་པོ་སརྒས་བཅིངས་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་དམ་པའི་ཆོས་གསལ་བར་བྱེད་པའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་བརྩམས་པ་དང༌། དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལ་བསྟོད་པས་ཡིད་དམ་ལྷས་ཞལ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབ་པའང་འབྱུང་བ་དང༌། མཐར་ཐུག་ཐམས་ཅད་མཁྱེན་པའི་གོ་འཕང་དམ་པ་འཐོབ་པར་འགྱུར་བ་དང༌། གལ་ཏེ་དེ་ལྟར་དོན་ཆེན་མ་བྱུང་ནའང་ ངལ་བས་བསྟེན་ན་དེ་ཉིད་རྨོངས་པའི་ངང་ཚུལ་ལས་རིང་དུ་གྲོལ་ཏེ་མཁས་པའི་གོ་འཕང་འཐོབ་པར་གདོན་མི་ཟའོ།།

སྙན་ངག་མཛད་པ་པོ་སློབ་དཔོན་དབྱུག་པ་ཅན་གྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས།
སྤྱིར་ཁ་རྒྱུན་ལ། མཛེས་པའི་དཔེ་སྟོན་ལ་མཆོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ་ནག་མོའི་ཁོལ། རྗེས་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་སྒྲ་སྦྱོར་ལ་མཁོན་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ་བྷ་ར་ཝི། སྙན་པའི་རོ་འདོན་པ་ལ་མཆོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ་དབྱུག་པ་ཅན། ཞེས་གྲགས་པའི་སླབ་དཔོན་དཎྜིའམ་དབྱུག་པ་པ་ཅན་ནི། རབ་བྱུང་གསུམ་པའི་ཕྱེད་ཕྱི་མ་ཙམ་སྟེ་དུས་རབས་བཅུ་གཉིས་པའི་སྨད་ཙམ་དུ་བྱུང་ཞེས་འདོད་པ་དང༌། ཡང་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཁ་ཅིག་ལས་ དུས་རབས་བདུན་པའི་ནམ་ཙམ་ལ་བྱོན་པར་ཡང་གྲགས། གང་ལྟར་ཀྱང་སླབ་དཔོན་འདི་ནི་སྔ་མ་དག་རྒྱ་གར་གུ་ཛ་ར་ཐའི་ཡུལ་ཀུན་ཏའི་གྲོང་ཞེས་བྱ་བར་ རྒན་པ་ལས་རིམ་གྱིས་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་སོང་སྟེ་ཀཉྩའི་ཡུལ་དུ་ཆགས། རིགས་ལ་སྲེད་མེད་ཀྱི་བུ་ཞེས་བྱ་བའི་མཁས་པ་ཞིག་བྱུང༌། དེའི་བུ་ནི་འགྲན་ཟླ་མེད་པའི་སྙན་ངག་མཁན་ཆེན་པོ་བྷ་ར་ཝིའམ་མེ་དར་བ་བྱ་བ་དེ་ཡིན། དེས་ར་མ་ཡ་ནའི་གཞུང་ཞིག་བྲིས་པར་ དཀྱུས་བཞིན་བཀླགས་པས་རྒྱལ་པོ་ར་མ་ཎའི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་སྟོན་ཅིང༌། མཇུག་ནས་བཟློག་སྟེ་བཀླགས་པས་བྷ་ར་ཏའི་རྒྱད་སྟོན་པ། དེ་ཡང་དོན་གོ་བེད་ལ་ཚིག་སྙན་པ་ཞིག་བྱུང་བར་གྲགས། བྷ་ར་ཝི་ལ་ཆུང་མ་གསུམ་ཡོད་པའི་འབྲིང་པོ་མ་ནེ་ར་ཐ། དེ་ལ་བུ་བཞི་བྱུང་བའི་ཐ་ཆུང་བི་ར་དརྐ་སྟེ། དེ་དང་མ་གོ་རི་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བུ་ནི་དཎྜི་ཡིན་ལ། རིགས་ནི་བྲརྨཎཱ་སྟེ་བྲམ་ཟེའོ།། ཆུང་ངུ་ནས་ཕ་མ་གཉིས་ཤི་བས་དྭ་ཕྲུག་ཏུ་འཁྱམས། རེ་ཞིག་ནས་ཡུལ་དེར་འབངས་དང་རྒྱལ་པོ་མ་མཐུན་པས་འཁྲུག་ལོང་གི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ནགས་ཁྲོད་དུ་བྲོས་ནས་བསྣ་སྐབས། ཡོན་ཏན་ལ་མཁས་པར་སྦྱངས། ཡུལ་འཁྲུག་བདེ་ནས་སླར་ཡུལ་དུ་འཁོར་ཏེ། རྒྱལ་པོ་པཱ་ལླ་ཞེས་བྱ་བའི་བློན་པོར་གྱུར། གཞན་ཡང་རྒྱལ་པོ་པུ་ལ་ཀེ་ཤ་ཞེས་བྱ་བའི་སྤུན་ཁྱབ་འཇུག་འཕེལ་བ་དང་མཛའ་གྲོས་སུ་གྱུར་ནས། སྙན་ངག་མེ་ལོང་མ་འདི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དེའི་བུ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ཆེད་དུ་བརྩམས་པར་གྲགས། སློབ་དཔོན་འདིས་འཇིག་རྟེན་ན་གྲགས་པའི་གཞུང་གསུམ་མཛད་དེ་སྙན་ངག་མེ་ལོང་འདི་དང༌། གཞོན་ནུ་བཅུའི་འཇུག་པ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་སྔོན་གྱི་ལེའུ་ལྔ་ལ་རྒྱལ་པོ་བ་ཧ་ན་དང༌། མཛེས་མ་ཨ་བནྟི་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང༌། དངོས་གཞི་ལ་གཞོན་ནུ་བཅུ་པོ་རང་རང་གི་སྤྱོད་པ་བཤད་ཡོད་པ་དེ་དང༌། གཅིག་ནི་ཟློས་གར་རིགས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་བཅོས་ཡིན་པར་གྲགས་སོ།།

མཛད་པ་པོ་སློབ་དཔོན་འདི་ཉིད་ཕྱི་ནང་གང་ཡིན་དཔྱད་པ།
མཛད་པ་པོ་སློབ་དཔོན་འདི་ཉིད་མཁས་པ་ཕལ་ཆེ་བས། མེ་ལོང་མའི་གཞུང་འདིར། བརྟན་རྒྱས་དབང་པོ་རབ་བསྡམས་པ།། ཁྱོད་ནི་སྡོམ་ལྡན་ཕྱིར་མི་ཉམས།། ཞེས་སོགས་ནང་པའི་གྲུབ་མཐའ་སྟོན་པའི་ཚིག་དང༌། ཉི་མ་ཟླ་བ་རླུང་ས་མཁའ།། སྦྱིན་སྲེག་བྱེད་དང་མེ་དང་ཆུ།། ཞེས་སོགས་ཕྱི་རོལ་པའི་གྲུབ་མཐའ་སྟོན་པའི་ཚིག་ཡང་མང་དུ་སྣང་བས་ ཕྱི་ནང་ཐུན་མོང་གི་པཎྜི་ཏ་ཡིན་པར་འདོད་པ་དང༌།
ཡང་ཁ་ཅིག་གིས་ སྡེབ་སྦྱོར་རིན་ཆེན་འབྱུང་གནས་མཛད་པ་པོ་ཡིན་ཞེས་པ་དང༌། ལ་ལས་ སློབ་དཔོན་དཔའ་བོ་བསྟན་པ་འདི་ལ་མ་ཞུགས་གོང་གི་མཚན་ལ་དེ་ལྟར་གྲགས་པ་ཡིན་པས་ སློབ་དཔོན་འདི་ཉིད་ནང་པའི་པཎྜི་ཏ་ཡིན་པར་འདོད།
ཡང་ཁ་ཅིག་ དམངས་དོ་ཧ་ལས། དབྱུ་གུ་དབྱུག་གསུམ་ལེགས་ལྡན་གཟུགས།། འཆང་ཞིང་དུས་སུ་མཆོད་པ་དང༌།། ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལུང་དྲངས་ནས་ཕྱི་རོལ་པའི་པཎྜི་ཏ་ཡིན་པར་འདོད།
གང་ལྟར་ཀྱང་སློབ་དཔོན་འདི་རང་གཞན་གྱི་གཞུང་དང་གྲུབ་མཐའ་མང་པོ་ལ་མཁས་པ་ཞིག་ཡིན་པ་ནི་དཔེར་བརྗོད་པ་དག་གིས་ཤེས་ནུས་སོ།།

སྤྱིར་སྙན་ངག་གི་དབྱེ་བ་ནི། 
སྤྱིར་སྙན་ངག་ལ་བལྟ་བྱའི་སྙན་ངག་དང་ ཉན་བྱའི་སྙན་ངག་གཉིས་ཡོད། དེ་ལ་བལྟ་བྱའི་སྙན་ངག་ནི། སྒེག་པ་དང་རོལ་བ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཉམས་གཙོ་བོར་གྱུར་པ་ལུས་ཀྱི་འདུག་སྟངས་དང༌། རྐང་ལག་གི་གར་སྟབས་ལྟ་བུ་མིག་གི་ཡུལ་དུ་གྱུར་པའི་དོན་གཙོ་བོར་སྟོན་པའི་སྙན་ངག། དཔེར་ན། ཀླུ་ཀུན་ཏུ་དགའ་བའི་ཟློས་གར་ལྟ་བུ་ལ་བལྟ་བྱའི་སྙན་ངག་ཅེས་བྱ།
ཉན་བྱའི་སྙན་ངག་ནི། བལྟ་བྱའི་ཡུལ་མིན་པ་རྣ་བར་ཉན་བྱའི་ཚིག་ཉམས་གཙོ་བོར་སྟོན་པ། དཔེར་ན་སྙན་ངག་གི་གཞུང་མེ་ལོང་མ་ལྟ་བུ་ནི་ཉན་བྱའི་སྙན་ངག་ཡིན།

སྙན་ངག་རྩོམ་ལུགས་ལ།
རྒྱ་གར་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་གཽ་ཊ་པའི་ལུགས་དང༌། ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་བཻ་དརྦྷའི་ལུགས་བཅས་གཉིས་ཡོད། དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱ་གར་ཤར་པའི་ལུགས་ནི། ཁ་ཅུང་ཟད་དམ་ཞིང་གོ་དཀའ་ལ་ ཚིག་སྡུ་ཧ་ཅང་མང་བའི་བརྗིད་པའི་ཉམས་གཙོ་བོ་བྱེད་པ། དཔེར་ན། རྒྱལ་དབང་ལྔ་པ་དང༌། བོད་མཁས་པའི་གསུང་རྩོམ་ལྟ་བུ་ཡིན། 
རྒྱ་གར་ལྷོ་པའི་ལུགས་ནི། ཚིག་ཁ་ཤིན་ཏུ་གསལ་ཞིང་འཇམ་ལ་ ཚིག་སྙན་པ་གཙོ་བོར་བྱེད་པ། དཔེར་ན། ལྕང་སྐྱ་རོལ་པའི་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང༌། གུང་ཐང་བསྟན་པའི་སྒྲོན་མེའི་གསུང་རྩོམ་ལྟ་བུ་ཡིན།

སྙན་ངག་མེ་ལོང་མའི་གཞུང་དང་ གཞུང་འདིའི་བརྗོད་བྱ་ནི།
ཕྱི་ནང་ཐུན་མོང་གི་སྦྱང་བྱའི་སྙན་ངག་གི་རྩ་བར་གྱུར་པ་ སྙན་ངག་མེ་ལོང་མའི་གཞུང་ལ་ལེའུ་ཐོག་མཐའ་བར་གསུམ་བཅས་ལེའུ་གསུམ་དུ་བཞུགས་པ་ལས། ལེའུ་དང་པོ་ལ་ཤོ་ལོ་ཀ་བརྒྱ་དང་ལྔ། གཉིས་པལ་ཤོ་ལོ་ཀ་སུམ་བརྒྱ་དྲུག་ཅུ་རེ་ལྔ། གསུམ་པ་ལ་ཤོ་ལོ་ཀ་བརྒྱ་དང་གྱ་དྲུག་སྟེ་བསྡོམས་པས་ཤོ་ལོ་ཀ་དྲུག་བརྒྱ་དང་ང་དྲུག་ཡོད། གཞུང་འདིའི་བརྗོད་བྱའི་དོན་གཙོ་བོ་ལུས་རྒྱན་སྐྱོན་སེལ་གསུམ་གྱི་ཁོངས་སུ་འདུ་བས་ ལུས་དང༌། རྒྱན། སྐྱོན་སེལ་གསུམ་པོ་སྙན་ངག་གི་བརྗོད་བྱའི་གཙོ་བོ་ཡིན།

དེ་ལ་ ལུས་ནི། མེ་ལོང་མའི་རྩ་བར་་་་་་ལུས་ནི་རེ་ཞིག་འདོད་པ་ཡི།། དོན་གྱི་རྣམ་བཅད་ཚིག་གི་ཕྲེང༌།། ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར། བརྗོད་འདོད་ཀྱིས་ཀུན་ནས་བསླངས་པའི་བརྗོད་བྱ་དེའི་དོན་དང་དོན་མ་ཡིན་པ་རྣམ་པར་དཔྱོད་པའི་མིང་ཚིག་ཡི་གེ་གསུམ་གྱི་བདག་ཉིད་ཅན་གྱི་ཕྲེང་བ་སྤེལ་བ་དེ་ལ་སྙན་ངག་གི་ལུས་ཟེར། དེ་ནི་སྙན་ཞིང་མཛེས་པའི་ཚིག་རྒྱན་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཉམས་དོད་སའི་ཡུལ། རྗོད་བྱེད་མིང་ཚིག་ཡི་གེ་གསུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་རང་བཞིན་གྱི་ཚིག་གི་ཕྲེང་བའམ། ངག་གི་རྒྱུན་དེ་ལ་ཟེར་ཏེ། དཔེར་ན། རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ཆ་སྣ་ཚོགས་འདོགས་ཡུལ་གྱི་སྐྱེས་བུའི་ལུས་ལྟ་བུ་ཡིན། མདོར་ན་ལུས་ནི་ བརྗོད་བྱའི་དོན་གང་ཡིན་ཡང་ རང་གི་སེམས་ལ་ཤར་བའི་དོན་དེ་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པའི་ཚིག་སྦྱོར་ཞིག་ལ་ལུས་ཞེས་བྱ། དེ་ལ་དབྱེ་ན། བཅད་ལྷུག་སྤེལ་བ་གསུམ་ཡོད།

རྒྱན་ནི། མེ་ལོང་མའི་རྩ་བར། སྙན་ངག་མཛེས་པར་བྱེད་པ་ཡི།། ཆོས་རྣམས་རྒྱན་ཞེས་རབ་ཏུ་བརྗོད།། ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར། སྙན་ངག་གི་ལུས་ཚིགས་སུ་བཅད་པ་དང༌། ལྷུག་པ་དང༌། སྤེལ་མ་རྣམ་པ་གསུམ་པོ་གང་ཞིག་ཡིན་རུང༌། དེ་མཛེས་པར་བྱེད་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་ནམ་ཆོས་བརྗོད་པ་གང་དང་ཅི་རུང་བ་རྣམས་ལ་རྒྱན་ཞེས་བྱ། དེ་ལ་ཐུན་མོང་མིན་པ་དང༌། ཐུན་མོང་གི་རྒྱན་གཉིས་ཡོད། 

དེ་ཡང་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་རྒྱན་ནི། སྤྱིར་ལེའུ་དང་པོའི་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་རྒྱན་ནི་ ཕལ་ཆེར་ཡི་གེ་འཇམ་རྩུབ་ཀྱི་མང་ཉུང་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་སྦྱོར་བ་ལྕི་ཡང་གི་ཁྱད་པར་ལས་རྒྱན་སོ་སོར་འབྱེད་ཅིང༌། དེ་རེ་རེ་ལའང་ལྷོ་པའི་ལུགས་དང་ཤར་པའི་ལུགས་གཉིས་འགལ་བ་ལྟག་སྤྲོད་དུ་ཡོད་པས་ན་ ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་རྒྱན་ཞེས་བྱ། དེ་ལ་རབ་དྭངས་ལ་སོགས་རྒྱན་བཅུ་ཡོད།

ཐུན་མོང་གི་རྒྱན་ནི། ལེའུ་གཉིས་པ་དང་གསུམ་པར་བཤད་པའི་རྒྱན་རྣམས་ ཤར་ལྷོ་ཐུན་མོང་དུ་འདོད་པས་ཐུན་མོང་གི་རྒྱན་ཞེས་བྱ།
ཐུན་མོང་གི་རྒྱན་དེ་ལ། དོན་རྒྱན། སྒྲ་རྒྱན། གབ་ཚིག་གི་རྒྱན་བཅས་གསུམ་ཡོད།

དེ་ལས་ དོན་རྒྱན་ཞེས་པ་ནི། བརྗོད་བྱ་དོན་གྱི་ཉམས་གཙོ་བོར་འདོན་པ་སྟེ། རྗོད་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཚིག་སྙན་ཞིང་མཛེས་པའི་ཉམས་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་ གཙོ་བོ་བརྗོད་བྱ་དོན་གྱི་རོ་ཉམས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་ཚིག་སྦྱོར་གྱི་ངག་དོན་ལ་དོན་རྒྱན་ཞེས་བྱ། དེ་ལ་དབྱེ་ན། མེ་ལོང་མའི་རྩ་བར། རང་བཞིན་བརྗོད་དང་དཔེ་དང་ནི།། སོགས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་དོན་རྒྱན་སོ་ལྔ་ཡོད།


སྒྲ་རྒྱན་ཞེས་པ་ནི། རྗོད་བྱེད་ཚིག་གམ་སྒྲའི་ཉམས་གཙོ་བོར་འདོན་པ་སྟེ། སྒྲ་དོན་གཉིས་ལས་གཙོ་བོར་རྗོད་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཚིག་གམ་སྒྲ་སྦྱོར་ཚུལ་གྱི་ཉམས་མི་འདྲ་བ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་བརྗོད་བྱའི་དོན་དང༌། རྗོད་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཚིག་མཛེས་པར་བྱེད་ཅིང༌། སྙན་ཞིང་འཇེབས་པའི་སྒྲའི་རོ་ཉམས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་ཚིག་སྦྱོར་གྱི་གང་ལ་སྒྲ་རྒྱན་ཞེས་བྱ། དེ་ལ་དབྱེ་ན། མེ་ལོང་མར། ཟུང་ལྡན་གྱི་རྣམ་གཞག་བསྟན་པ། བྱ་དཀའ་བའི་ཁྱད་པར་གཞན་བརྗོད་པ། དབྱངས་སོགས་ངེས་པའི་བྱ་དཀའ་བ་བཤད་པ་གསུམ་ཡོད།

གབ་ཚིག་གི་རྒྱན་ཞེས་པ་ནི། བརྗོད་བྱའི་དོན་དངོས་སྦ་བའི་ཕྱིར་དུ། ཚིག་དོན་གཞན་གྱིས་བཀབ་ནས་རྗོད་པ་གཙོ་བོར་བྱས་པ་ལ་གབ་ཚིག་གི་རྒྱན་ཞེས་བྱ། དེ་ལ་དབྱེ་ན། ཀུན་ཚོགས་པ་ལ་སོགས་པ་བཅུ་དྲུག་ཡོད།

སྐྱོན་སེལ་ནི། སྙན་ངག་གི་ཚིག་གི་སྦྱོར་བ་གང་ཞིག་ལའང་འདྲེས་ན་མི་རུང་བའི་སྐྱོན་གྱི་ཆ་རྣམས་ སྙན་ངག་མཁན་་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་སྤང་བར་བྱ་བའི་དོན་བཤད་པ་ལ་སྐྱོན་སེལ་ཞེས་བྱ། དེལ་དབྱེ་ན། མེ་ལོང་མར། དོན་ཉམས་དོན་འགལ་དོན་གཅིག་དང༌།། སོགས་བཅུ་ཡོད།

        རང་བཞིན་བརྗོད་པའི་རྒྱན།

དངོས་པོ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་རང་བཞིན་དང་ དེའི་གནས་སྟངས་རྣམས་བརྗོད་ཐངས་སྣ་ཚོགས་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་ དངོས་སུ་དྲང་པོར་བརྗོད་པའི་ཉམས་ལྡན་གྱི་ཚིག་སྦྱོར་ལ་རང་བཞིན་བརྗོད་པའི་རྒྱན་ཞེས་བྱ།

༡༽ སྤྱིར་ཆོས་ཞིག་གི་རང་བཞིན་དྲང་པོར་བརྗོད་པའི་ངག་ལ་རིགས་རང་བཞིན་བརྗོད་པ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ བརྗོད་ཡུལ་གྱི་ཁྱད་གཞི་དེའི་ཁྱོད་ཆོས་སྣ་ཚོགས་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ རིགས་ཅན་ཀུན་ལ་ཁྱབ་བྱེད་དུ་ཡོད་པ།
 _ ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ངོ་བོ་དག་ལ་སྒྲོ་སྐུར་སྤངས་ཏེ་དྲང་པོ་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ གཞན་སེལ་གྱི་དོན་དང་ལྡན་པ།
 _ ཁྱད་གཞི་རིགས་སྤྱི་ཞིག་སྐབས་ཀྱི་བརྗོད་བྱ་གཙོ་བོར་བཟུང་བ།

༢༽ ཁྱད་ཆོས་བྱ་བའི་ངོ་བོ་དྲང་པོར་བརྗོད་པ་ལ་བྱ་བ་རང་བཞིན་བརྗོད་པ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ ཁྱད་ཆོས་བྱ་བ་དེ་བརྗོད་བྱ་གཙོ་བོར་བཟུང་བ།
 _ རྣམ་དབྱེ་གཉིས་པ་དང་གསུམ་པ་སོགས་ཕྲད་ཀྱི་རིགས་སྦྱོར་བ།
 _ བྱེད་པ་པོ་དང༌། བྱ་ཡུལ། བྱ་བ་གསུམ་ངེས་པར་ཚང་བ།
 _ བྱ་བ་བྱེད་བཞིན་པའམ་བྱས་ཟིན་པ།
 _ དེའི་རང་བཞིན་དྲང་པོར་བརྗོད་པ།

༣༽ ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་ངོ་བོ་དྲང་པོར་བརྗོད་པ་ལ་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་རང་བཞིན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ ཁྱད་གཞི་དེའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཡོན་ཏན་བརྗོད་བྱའི་གཙོ་བོར་བཟུང་བ།
 _ བྱེད་ལས་གསལ་པོར་སྟོན་པ།
 _ བྱེད་ལས་སྟོན་པའི་ཆེད་རྣམ་དབྱེ་གསུམ་པའི་ཕྲད་ཡོད་པ།
 _ དེའི་རང་བཞིན་དྲང་པོར་བརྗོད་པ།
༤༽ ཁྱད་གཞི་ལ་ཡོད་པའི་རྫས་ཀྱི་ངོ་བོ་དྲང་པོར་བརྗོད་པ་ལ་རྫས་རང་བཞིན་བརྗོད་པ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ ཁྱད་གཞི་བརྗོད་བྱ་གཙོ་བོར་མ་བཟུང་བར་ ཁྱད་གཞི་དེ་ལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་རྫས་རྣམས་སྐབས་ཀྱི་བརྗོད་བྱར་བཟུང་བ།
 _ ཡུལ་དེའི་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་རྫས་སམ་དངོས་པོ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ རྫས་དེས་ཡུལ་གྱི་བྱེ་བྲག་རང་གཅིག་པུ་སྟོན་ནུས་པ།
 _ དེའི་ངོ་བོ་དྲང་པོར་བརྗོད་པ།

             དཔེ་རྒྱན།
གཙོ་བོ་དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་ཐ་དད་པའི་ཚུལ་གྱིས་ཁྱད་གཞི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་སོགས་ཕན་ཚུན་འདྲ་མཚུངས་སུ་ མཚུངས་པ་གསལ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྒྲ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་གོ་བར་བྱེད་པའི་ངག་ལ་དཔེ་རྒྱན་ཞེས་བྱ།

༡༽ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་འདྲ་བའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཞིག་དངོས་སུ་བརྗོད་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་ དཔེ་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་འདྲ་བར་སྟོན་པའི་ངག་ལ་ཆོས་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་སུ་ཡོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།
 _ དེ་གཉིས་འདྲ་བའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་དངོས་སུ་ཡོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་ཆོས་མཚུངས་པ་གསལ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྒྲའི་ཤུལ་དུ་བཀོད་པ།
༢༽ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་འདྲ་བའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་དངོས་སུ་མ་བརྗོད་པར་ དཔེ་དོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཁྱད་གཞི་ཁོ་ན་འདྲ་བར་སྟོན་པའི་ངག་ལ་དངོས་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ ཆོས་ཅན་ཁོ་ན་མཚུངས་པར་སྦྱར་བ།
 _ ཁྱད་ཆོས་འདྲ་བ་དངོས་སུ་མ་སྦྱོར་བ།
 _ ཤུགས་ལས་ཁྱད་ཆོས་འདྲ་བར་གོ་ནུས་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་འདྲ་བའི་ཁྱད་གཞི་དངོས་པོ་སོགས་པའི་ཤུལ་དུ་མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་བཀོད་པ།

༣༽ འཇིག་རྟེན་ལ་ཡོངས་སུ་གྲགས་པའི་གནས་སྟངས་ལས་བཟློག་སྟེ་ དཔེ་དེ་དཔེ་ཅན་ལ་བཀོད་པ་དང་ དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེ་ལ་བཀོད་པའི་ངག་ལ་བཟློག་པའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་བཀོད་ཐངས་ཀྱི་བཟློག་པ།
 _ དོན་གོ་མ་བཟློག་པ།
 _ ཤུགས་ལས་དཔེ་དོན་ཁྱད་ཆོས་མཚུངས་པར་གོ་ནུས་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༤༽ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་ཕན་ཚུན་དཔེ་ལེན་རེས་བྱས་ནས་གཉིས་ཀ་ཕན་ཚུན་མཚུངས་པར་བརྗོད་པས་ན་ཕུན་ཚུན་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་རེས་མོས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་དངོས་སུ་ཡོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་ཀ་ཁྱད་དུ་འཕགས་པར་བརྗོད་པ།

༥༽ མཚུངས་པའི་དངོས་པོ་གཞན་བཟློག་པའི་ཕྱིར། དཔེ་གཅིག་ཁོ་ནར་ངེས་པར་བརྗོད་པས་ན་ངེས་པའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ མཚུངས་པའི་དཔེ་གཅིག་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་གཅིག་ཏུ་ངེས་པར་བརྗོད་པའམ་ མཚུངས་པ་གཞན་བཟློག་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༦༽ དཔེ་གཅིག་ལ་ངེས་པ་མེད་པར་གཞན་ཡང་ཡོད་སྲིད་པར་བརྗོད་པས་ངེས་མེད་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་མཚུངས་ཆོས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་གཅིག་ཏུ་མ་ངེས་པར་གཞན་ཡོད་སྲིད་པར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༧༽ དཔེ་ཅན་དེའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་སམ་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་ཕྱོགས་གཅིག་ཁོ་ན་ཙམ་དཔེ་དེ་དང་མཚུངས་པ་མ་ཡིན་པར། དཔེ་ཅན་དེའི་ཡོན་ཏན་ནམ་ཁྱོད་ཆོས་གཞན་རྣམས་ཀྱང་བསྡུས་ནས་དཔེ་དེ་དང་མཚུངས་པར་སྦྱོར་བ་བསྡུས་པའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་གཉིས་བསྡུས་པ།  _ དེ་དཔེ་དང་མཚུངས་པར་སྦྱོར་བ།།
 _ མཚུངས་པ་ཚིག་ཟིན་ལ་དངོས་སུ་ཐོན་པ།  _ ཀྱང་སྒྲ་ངེས་པར་དགོས་པ།

༨༽ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ འབྱེད་ཆོས་མི་འདྲ་བ་མང་དུ་ཡོད་ཀྱང་ ཁྱོད་ཆོས་གཅིག་ཁོ་ན་ལས་གཞན་ཁྱད་པར་ཅི་ཡང་མེད་ཅེས་ འུད་ཀྱིས་བརྗོད་པས་ཕུལ་གྱི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ ཐ་དད་པའི་ཁྱད་པར་ཅུང་ཟད་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ ཁྱད་པར་གཅིག་ལས་གཞན་མེད་པར་སྟོན་པ།
 _ ཁྱད་པར་གཞོན་ཡོད་ཀྱང་མེད་པ་ལྟར་འུད་ཆེན་པོས་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་དངོས་སུ་མེད་པ།
 _ འདྲ་བ་ཤུགས་ཀྱིས་སྟོན་པ།

༩༽ དཔེ་ལ་མེད་པ་ལ་ཡོད་པར་སྒྲོ་བཏགས་ཏེ་བརྗོད་པ་ལ་རབ་བཏགས་ཀྱི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ལ་སྒྲོ་བཏགས་པའི་ཚིག་དངོས་སུ་ཐོན་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་དངོས་སུ་མེད་པ།
 _ འདྲ་བ་ཤུགས་ལས་རྟོགས་པ།

༡༠༽ དཔེ་ལས་ དཔེ་ཅན་ཁྱད་པར་དུ་འཕགས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ལྡན་པར་སྟོན་པ་ལྟ་བུ་ ཚིག་ཟིན་ལ་དངོས་སུ་བརྗོད་པས་རྨད་བྱུང་གི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ། ཡང་ན་ འབྱུང་བར་དཀའ་བའི་དཔེ་ཞིག་བཀོད་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་ དཔེ་ཅན་དེ་ཁྱད་པར་དུ་འཕགས་པར་སྟོན་པ་ལ་གོ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་དེའི་དཔེར་བརྟག་པ་མཐའ་བཟུང་གི་སྒོ་ནས་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེ་ལས་རྨད་དུ་བྱུང་བའི་ཆོས་ ཚིག་ཟིན་ལ་དངོས་སུ་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་དངོས་སུ་མ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ འདྲ་བ་ཤུགས་ལས་རྟོགས་པ།

༡༡༽ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་པོ་མཚུངས་པ་ཤས་ཆེ་བས་ དབྱེ་བ་འབྱེད་མ་ནུས་པར་ དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེ་རུ་འཁྲུལ་བར་བརྗོད་པས་རྨོངས་པའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་དབྱེ་མི་ནུས་པ་ འཁྲུལ་པར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ གཙོ་བོ་དཔེ་ཅན་དེ་དཔེ་རུ་འཁྲུལ་པ་ཞིག་དགོས།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།
 _ འཁྲུལ་པ་ཐག་བཅད་པ།

༡༢༽ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་ འདྲ་བ་ཤས་ཆེ་བས་ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གང་ཡིན་དབྱེ་བ་འབྱེད་མི་ནུས་པར་ཐེ་ཚོམ་དུ་གྱུར་པ་ལྟ་བུ་སྟོན་པས་ཐེ་ཚོམ་གྱི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གང་ཡིན་མ་ངེས་པ་ཐེ་ཚོམ་གྱི་གཞིར་གྱུར་པར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ འཁྲུལ་པ་ཐག་མ་བཅད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་དངོས་སུ་མེད་པ།
 _ འདྲ་བ་ཤུགས་ལ་སྟོན་པ།

༡༣༽ གཞི་དེ་ དཔེ་ཡིན་ནམ་ དཔེ་ཅན་ཡིན་ཐེ་ཚོམ་དུ་གྱུར་པ་ལྟར་བྱས་ནས་ སླར་དཔེ་དེ་དཔེ་ཅན་ལས་ཅུང་ཟད་དམན་པས་ དཔེ་ཅན་ལ་དཔེ་དེ་ལས་ཡོན་ཏན་ཁྱད་པར་བ་ཞིག་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་བཀོད་ནས་ དཔེ་ཅན་དེ་ཡིན་པར་གཏན་ལ་འབེབས་པ་ལ་གཏན་འབེབས་ཀྱི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་ཐེ་ཚོམ་དུ་གྱུར་པ་ལྟར་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ལས་དཔེ་ཅན་ལ་ཡོན་ཏན་ཁྱད་པར་བ་ཞིག་ཡོད་པར་སྟོན་པ།
 _ ཡོན་ཏན་དེ་རྒྱུ་མཚན་དུ་བཀོད་ནས་ དཔེ་ཅན་ཡིན་པར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་མེད་པ།

༡༤༽ དཔེ་ཅན་དེ་ལ་ཁྱད་ཆོས་སམ་ཡོན་ཏན་འགའ་རེ་ཡོད་པ་དེ་ དཔེ་ལའང་ཁྱད་ཆོས་དེ་དག་ཡོད་པ་སྒྲ་སྦྱར་རམ་ དོན་སྦྱར་གང་རུང་གི་སྒོ་ནས་ དཔེ་ཅན་དེ་དཔེ་དང་མཚུངས་པར་བརྗོད་པ་ལ་སྦྱར་བའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་ལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་རྣམས་སྒྲ་འམ་དོན་སྦྱར་བ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་དངོས་སུ་ཡོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་མཇུག་ཏུ་བཀོད་པ།

༡༥༽ དོན་གྱི་ཆོས་མཚུངས་སྒྲ་ལ་སྦྱར་ནས་ བརྗོད་བྱའི་ཚིག་གི་སྒྲ་གཅིག་ལ་ གཅོད་མཚམས་མི་འདྲ་བ་གཉིས་ཕྱེ་སྟེ་ མཚུངས་ཆོས་སྒྲ་མཉམ་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་བརྗོད་བྱ་ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་ངོ་བོ་གཅིག་མཚུངས་སུ་སྒྲུབ་པ་ལ་མཉམ་ཉིད་ཀྱི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དོན་གྱི་ཆོས་མཚུངས་སྒྲ་ལ་སྦྱར་བ།
 _ བརྗོད་ཚིག་གཅིག་ལ་གཅོད་མཚམས་མི་འདྲ་བ་གཉིས་སུ་ཕྱེ་བ།
 _ བརྗོད་བྱ་དཔེ་དཔེ་ཅན་ངོ་བོ་གཅིག་མཚུངས་སུ་སྒྲུབ་པ།
 _ དོན་གྱི་མཚུངས་ཆོས་ཅི་ཡང་མེད་པ།
 _ སྒྲ་མཚུངས་ཙམ་ཡོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༡༦༽ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་འདྲ་བ་ཙམ་བཀོད་དེ། དཔེ་ལ་སྐྱོན་གྱི་ཆ་ཅུང་ཟད་ཙམ་འདུག་ཅེས་སྨད་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་ དཔེ་ཅན་ཁྱད་པར་འཕགས་པར་བརྗོད་པ་ལ་སྨད་པའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་གཉིས་ངེས་པར་དུ་ཡོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ལ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐྱོན་དངོས་སུ་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ལ་སྨད་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་མཚུངས་པ་ཙམ་ དངོས་སུ་སྟོན་ཅིང་ དཔེ་ཅན་ཁྱད་པར་དུ་འཕགས་པར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༡༧༽ དཔེ་ལ་བསྟོད་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་ དཔེ་ཅན་ཀྱང་དེ་དང་འདྲ་བར་སྟོན་པ་ལ་བསྔགས་པའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེའི་ཁྱད་ཁྱོད་ཆོས་འགའ་ལ་བསྔགས་པ་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་ལ་ཡང་མཚུངས་པར་སྟོན་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༡༨༽ དཔེ་དེ་ལ་སྐྱོན་ཡོན་ཅི་འདྲ་ཡོད་ཀྱང་ དེ་ལ་མི་ལྟ་བར། རང་གི་བསམ་པས་བརྗོད་འདོད་ཀྱི་དབང་གིས་དཔེ་ཅན་དང་མཚུངས་པར་བརྗོད་པ་ ཚིག་ཟིན་ལ་གསལ་བར་བསྟན་པ་ལ་བརྗོད་འདོད་ཀྱི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེའི་སྐྱོན་ཡོན་ལ་མི་ལྟ་བ།
 _ བསམ་པའི་དབང་གིས་མཚུངས་པར་ཚིག་ཟིན་ལ་གསལ་བར་བསྟན་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༡༩༽ དཔེ་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་གཉིས་ཙམ་བཀོད་ནས། དཔེ་དེ་དག་དང་ དཔེ་ཅན་ཕན་ཚུན་རྣམ་པ་འགལ་བ་ཙམ་མ་གཏོགས༌། དཔེ་དཔེ་
ཅན་གཉིས་ལ་ཁྱད་པར་གཞན་ཅི་ཡང་མེད་ཅེས་མཚུངས་པར་སྟོན་པ་ལ་འགལ་བའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་རིགས་མི་འདྲ་བ་གཉིས་ཙམ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་དོན་རྣམ་པ་འགལ་བ་ཙམ་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ ཆོས་མཚུངས་འདྲ་བར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༢༠༽ དཔེ་ལ་ དེ་ཅན་དང་འགྲན་པའི་ནུས་པ་ནམ་ཡང་མེད་དོ་ཞེས་ མཚུངས་པ་དགག་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་དཔེར་བཀོད་པས་དགག་པའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ། ཡང་ན་ དཔེ་ལ་སྐྱོན་ཞིག་སྟོན་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་ དཔེ་ཅན་དང་འགྲན་པའི་ནུས་པ་མེད་པར་བརྗོད་པའོ།།
 _ དགག་བྱ་དཔེ།
 _ འགོག་བྱེད་དཔེ་དེའི་སྐྱོན།
 _ དཔེ་དམན་པས་དཔེ་ཅན་དང་མི་མཚུངས་པར་དངོས་སུ་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་ཁྱད་འཕགས་ཤུགས་ལས་སྟོན་པ།
 _ དགག་བྱ་དཔེ་ལ་དངོས་སུ་བཀག་པའི་དོན་ཞིག་ངེས་སྟོན་པ་དགོས།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་མེད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་པཤུགས་ལས་རྟོགས་པ།

༢༡༽ དཔེ་དེ་དཔེ་ཅན་ལས་ཁྱད་པར་མང་དུ་ཡོད་ཀྱང་མེད་པ་ལྟར་མཚུངས་པ་ཁོ་ན་བརྗོད་པས། དཔེ་ཅན་ལ་ངོ་བསྟོད་བྱེད་པའམ། དེ་མཛེས་པར་སྟོན་པ་ཞིག་ལ་ངོ་བསྟོད་ཀྱི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དོན་ལ་ཁྱད་པར་ཡོད་ཀྱང་མེད་པར་ལྟར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ ཚིག་ཟིན་ལ་དངོས་སུ་ཐོན་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༢༢༽ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཕན་ཚུན་ཤིན་ཏུ་འདྲ་ཆེ་བས། ཐ་དད་མིན་པ་ལྟར་དུ་འཁྲུལ་ཉེན་ཡོད་པ་ཞིག་ལ། ཞིབ་ཏུ་བརྟགས་ཤིང་དཔྱད་ནས་ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱོད་ཆོས་མ་འདྲེས་པར། རང་རང་གི་གནས་ལུགས་སོ་སོ་ངེས་པ བདེན་པར་བརྗོད་པ་ལ་དེ་ཉིད་བརྗོད་པའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་འཁྲུལ་ཉེན་ཡོད་པ་ལྟར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ ཞིབ་ཏུ་བརྟགས་ནས་དཔེ་དོན་མ་འདྲེས་པར་བརྗོད་པའི་དོན་སྟོན་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱ་ིསྒྲ་མེད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་པ་ཤུགས་ལ་བསྟན་པ།

༢༣༽ དཔེ་ཅན་དེ་ལ་ དཔེ་ཅན་རང་ཉིད་ལས་མཚུངས་པ་གཞན་པ་མ་རྙེད་པ་ལྟར་བརྗོད་པས་ཐུན་མོང་མིན་པའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཁྱད་འཕགས་ཅན་ཞིག་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་རང་ཉིད་དཔེར་འོས་པ་མ་གཏོགས་གཞན་མི་སྲིད་ལྟ་བུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ ཚིག་ཟིན་ལ་དངོས་སུ་ཐོན་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱ་ིསྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༢༤༽ དཔེ་དེའི་ཁྱོད་ཆོས་སམ་ཡོན་ཏན་ དེ་འདྲ་བ་ཞིག་འཇིག་རྟེན་དུ་འབྱུང་མི་སྲིད་པའི་དཔེ་ ངོ་མཚར་བ་ཞིག་བཀོད་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་ དཔེ་ཅན་དང་མཚུངས་པར་བརྗོད་པ་ལ་འབྱུང་མིན་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ འཇིག་རྟེན་དུ་འབྱུང་མི་སྲིད་པའི་དཔེ་ཞིག་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་དེ་དང་མཚུངས་པར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༢༥༽ དཔེ་ལས་ཁྱོད་ཆོས་དེ་འདྲ་ཞིག་འབྱུང་མི་སྲིད་པ་ལྟར། དཔེ་ཅན་ལས་ཀྱང་ཁྱད་ཆོས་དེ་འདྲ་འབྱུང་མི་སྲིད་པ་ དཔེ་དོན་གཉིས་མཚུངས་པར་སྦྱར་བ་ལ་སྲིད་མིན་གྱི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དོན་ཀུན་ལ་རྣམ་དབྱེ་ལྔ་པ་ཁོ་ན་སྦྱར་བ། 
 _ དཔེ་ལ་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཞིག་འབྱུང་མི་སྲིད་པར་ དཔེ་དོན་མཚུངས་པར་སྦྱར་བ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།
༢༦༽ དཔེ་མང་པོ་ལྷན་དུ་བཀོད་དེ། དེ་དག་གི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་རེ་རེ་ནས་ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་གཅིག་གསལ་བར་བྱེད་ཅིང་ དེ་དང་རང་བཞིན་མཚུངས་པར་བརྗོད་པ་ལ་མང་བའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་མང་པོ་ཞིག་ལྷན་དུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ ཁྱད་ཆོས་རེ་རེ་ནས་དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་གཅིག་གསལ་བར་བྱེད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་རང་བཞིན་མཚུངས་པར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༢༧༽ དཔེའི་མཛེས་ཆོས་རྣམས་ངོ་བོ་གཅིག་ཀྱང་ རྣམ་འགྱུར་ཙམ་སོ་སོར་སྟོན་པ་ལ་རྣམ་འགྱུར་གྱི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་དེ་ དཔེ་ཁྱད་འཕགས་ཞིག་ལས་སྟོན་པ་ལྟར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ རྣམ་འགྱུར་ཙམ་ཐ་དད་པ་ལ་རང་བཞིན་མཚུངས་པར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༢༨༽ སྔ་མ་རིམ་བཞིན་དཔེ་དང་ ཕྱི་མ་རིམ་བཞིན་དཔེ་ཅན་དུ་ ཕྲེང་བ་ལྟར་སྤེལ་བ་ལ་ཕྲེང་བའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དཔེ་ཅན་ཕྲེང་བ་ལྟར་བསྒྲིགས་པ།
 _ སྔ་མ་དཔེ་དང་ཕྱི་མ་དཔེ་ཅན་དུ་གྱུར་བ།
 _ ཚིག་སྔ་ཕྱི་བལྟོས་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་ ཕྱི་མ་ཕྱི་མའི་གནས་ཚུལ་གསལ་བར་བྱེད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༢༩༽ ངག་དོན་གྱི་མཚན་ཉིད་་་་་་་་བརྗོད་བྱ་གང་ཡིན་ཡང་ ཚིག་གི་དོན་ཙམ་མ་ཡིན་པར་བྱེད་ཅན་དྲུག་ཅི་རིགས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ འཇལ་བྱེད་དཔེའི་ངག་དོན་གྱིས་གཞལ་བྱ་དོན་གྱི་ངག་དོན་ཉེ་བར་འཇལ་བ་ བཞིན་སྒྲ་དང་བཅས་པ་ཞིག་ལ་ངག་དོན་གྱི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དོན་གྱི་ཆོས་དང་ཆོས་ཅན་ཚོགས་པའི་ངག་དོན་ཡོད་པ།
 _ ངག་དོན་དེ་ལ་བྱ་བྱེད་ལས་གསུམ་གཙོ་བོར་གྱུར་པའི་བྱེད་ཅན་དྲུག་གང་རང་ཡོད་པ།
 _ དཔེའི་ངག་དོན་གྱིས་ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ངག་དོན་འཇལ་བ།
 _ མཚུངས་པ་གསལ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་བཞིན་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།
ཀ༽ བཞིན་སྒྲ་གཅིག་པ། ངག་དོན་གང་ཡིན་པ་ཞིར་བཞན་གྱི་སྟེང་ མཚུངས་པ་གསལ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་བཞིན་སྒྲ་གཅིག་གིས་གསལ་བར་བྱེད་པ།
ཁ༽ བཞིན་སྒྲ་དུ་མ། ངག་དོན་གང་ཡིན་པ་ཞིར་བཞན་གྱི་སྟེང་ མཚམས་སྦྱོར་བའི་བཞིན་སྒྲ་དུ་མ་ཡོད་པ།

༣༠༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་འགའ་ཞིག་ སྔར་བཀོད་ནས་ དེ་དང་ཆོས་མཐུན་པའི་དཔེ་ཞིག་ཟླ་བོའམ་གྲོགས་ཀྱི་ཚུལ་དུ་ཕྱིས་སུ་བཀོད་ཅིང༌། དེ་གཉིས་དངོས་སུ་མཚུངས་པར་མ་བརྗོད་ཀྱང་ཤུགས་ལ་མཚུངས་པ་ཞིག་ལ་ཟླ་བོ་དངོས་པོའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་སྔར་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དེ་དང་མཐུན་པའི་དཔེ་ཞིག་གྲོགས་ཀྱི་ཚུལ་དུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་པ་དངོས་སུ་མ་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་པ་ཤུགས་ལས་བསྟན་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

༣༡༽ དཔེ་ཡོན་ཏན་ལྷག་པ་ཞིག་དང༌། དཔེ་ཅན་ཡོན་ཏན་དམན་པ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་བྱ་བ་རིགས་འདྲ་བ་གང་ཞིག་ཡིན་པ་ དེའི་རང་བཞིན་གཅིག་ཏུ་བསྡུས་ནས། ཕན་ཚུན་མཚུངས་པར་སྦྱོར་བ་ཞིག་ལ་མཚུངས་སྦྱོར་བྱི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཡོན་ཏན་ལྷག་པ་དང་ དཔེ་ཅན་ཡོན་ཏན་དམན་པ་ཞིག་ཡོད་པ་གཞིར་བྱས་པ།
 _ དཔེ་དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་དམན་ལྷག་གྱི་ཁྱད་པར་སྒྲ་ཟིན་ལ་མི་ཐོན་པ།
 _ དེ་གཉིས་བྱ་བ་རིགས་འདྲ་བ་གཅིག་ཏུ་བསྡུས་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་པ་ཤུགས་ལ་སྟོན་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་དངོས་སུ་སྦྱར་མི་དགོས་པ།

༣༢༽ དཔེ་ཅན་ལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་དེའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་སྔོན་ལ་བཀོད་དེ། དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་དེ་དང་མཚུངས་པའི་དཔེ་རྗེས་སུ་བསྟན་ནས། དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་མཚུངས་པར་བརྗོད་པ་ལ་རྒྱུའི་དཔེ་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་ལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་དེའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་སྔོན་དུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དེ་དང་མཚུངས་པའི་དཔེ་རྗེས་སུ་བསྟན་པ།
 _ དཔེ་དོན་མཚུངས་པར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཡོད་པ།

དཔེ་དོན་སྦྱོར་ཚུལ་གྱི་སྐྱོན་ཡོན།
རྟགས་ཐ་དད་པ་འདྲེས་པ། 
མང་ཚིག་དང་ཉུང་ཚིག་སྟེ་ཚིག་ཐ་དད་པ་འདྲེས་པ།
དཔེ་དོན་མཆོག་དམན་ཆེ་བ།

མཚུངས་པ་གསལ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྒྲ།
དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་ཐ་དད་དུ་བྱས་ནས་ ཕན་ཚུན་མཚུངས་པར་སྦྱོར་བའིཚིག་ལ་ མཚུངས་པ་གསལ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྒྲ་ཞེས་བྱ།
དེ་ལ་  _ ཤོང་སྤང་ལོ་ཙྭ་བ་རྣམ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ རྒྱ་སྐད་སོར་བཞག་མང་བས་ རྣམ་གྲངས་རེ་གསུམ་དུ་བཀྲལ།
 _ སྣར་ཐང་ལོ་ཙྭ་བ་སཾགྷ་ཤྲིས་ རྒྱ་སྐད་སུ་ཡོད་པ་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་བསྒྱུར་ནས་ བོད་ཀྱི་ཡི་གེ་དང་ཐ་སྙད་ལ་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ རྣམ་གྲངས་རེ་ལྔར་བཀྲལ།
 _ ཀུན་མཁྱེན་གོང་མའི་སྡོམ་དུ་ སྡེ་ཚན་གཉིས་པའི་མཇུག་གི་ཆོས་མཐུན་དང༌། ཆོས་ཐུན་མོང་བ། གྲིབ་མ་འདྲ་བ་གསུམ་སོ་སོར་བགྲངས་པས་ཉི་ཤུ་དང༌། སྡེ་ཚན་བཞི་པའི་རྗེས་སུ་འགྲོ་འཆིང་གཅིག་ཏུ་སྦྱར་ཏེ་དགུར་བགྲངས་པས་རེ་དྲུག་ཏུ་བཞེད།
དེ་དག་གྲངས་འདྲེན་རྒྱས་བསྡུས་ཙམ་མ་གཏོགས་ཐམས་ཅད་འདྲ།

ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལྟར་མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་རེ་ལྔ་པོ་དེ།
 _ སྔོན་གྱི་རྒྱ་འགྲེལ་གཉིས་ན་དེ་ཚན་གཉིས་སུ་ཕྱེ་ནས་བཤད་པ་དང༌།
 _ སྣར་ཐང་བ་དང་བོད་ཀྱི་མཁས་པ་དག་གིས་སྡེ་ཚན་བཞིར་ཕྱེ་སྟེ་བཤད།
སྡེ་ཚན་བཞི་ནི།
 _ སྡེ་ཚན་དང་ངོ་ལ་དོན་གསལ་བར་བྱེད་པ་ཉེར་གཉིས།
 _ སྡེ་ཚན་གཉིས་པ་ལ་འདྲ་བའི་དོན་སོགས་གསལ་བར་བྱེད་པ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད།
 _ སྡེ་ཚན་གསུམ་པ་ལ་དཔེ་རྒྱན་གསལ་བྱེད་བཅོ་ལྔ།
 _ སྡེ་ཚན་བཞི་པ་ལ་དེ་ལྟ་བུ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྒྲ་བཅུའོ།།

            གཟུགས་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱན།
དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་ཐ་དད་དུ་བཀོད་ནས་ དེ་གཉིས་འདྲ་བའམ་མཚུངས་པ་ཙམ་བརྗོད་པ་མ་ཡིན་པར། དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་ཐ་དད་དུ་སྣང་བ་མིན་པ་སྟེ། དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་སོ་སོར་མ་ཕྱེ་བར་དཔེ་ཅན་དེ་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱན་ལ་གཟུགས་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱན་ཞེས་བྱ།

༼དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་ཐ་དད་དུ་བཀོད་ནས་དེ་གཉིས་འདྲ་བར་སྦྱོར་བ་དཔེ་རྒྱན།
དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེའི་ངོ་བོར་བཀོད་ནས་དེ་གཉིས་གཅིག་ཏུ་སྒྲོ་བཏགས་པར་སྦྱོར་བ་གཟུགས་རྒྱན།༽

༡༽ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་གྱི་འབྲེལ་སྒྲ་བསྡུས་ཏེ་ དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོདཔ་ལ་བསྡུས་པའི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེའི་ངོ་བོར་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་དོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་གྱི་འབྲེལ་སྒྲ་བསྡུས་པ།

༢༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་གཞི་དང་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ དཔེའི་ཁྱད་གཞི་དང་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ངོ་བོར་དབྱེར་མེད་དུ་བཀོད་ཅིང༌། དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་གྱི་འབྲེལ་སྒྲ་མ་བསྡུས་པར་ དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ་ལ་མ་བསྡུས་པའི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་དོན་བར་གྱི་འབྲེལ་སྒྲ་མ་བསྡུས་པ།

༣༽ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་གྱི་འབྲེལ་སྒྲ་བསྡུས་པ་དང་མ་བསྡུས་པ་གཉིས་ཀ་བསྲེས་ཏེ་ཡོད་པ་ལ་བསྡུས་ཤིང་མ་བསྡུས་པའི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེའི་ངོ་བོར་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་དོན་བར་གྱི་འབྲེལ་སྒྲ་བསྲེས་ཏེ་ཡོད་པ།

༤༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་གཞི་དང་ཁྱད་ཆོས་མཐའ་དག་ དཔེའི་ཁྱད་གཞི་དང་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་དེ།  དེ་གཉིས་ཀ་བཟུང་བར་འོས་པའི་གནས་གཅིག་མཚུངས་སུ་སྨོས་པ་ལ་མཐའ་དག་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ ཁྱད་གཞན་དང་ ཁྱད་ཆོས་མཐའ་དག་གི་སྒོ་ནས་དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་དོན་གཉིས་ཀ་གཅིག་མཚུངས་སུ་སྨོས་པ།

༥༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་གང་ཡིན་པ་དེའི་ཆ་ཤས་ཁོ་ན། དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ་ལས། དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཆ་ཤས་ཅན་གཟུགས་སུ་མ་བཀོད་པ་ལ་ཆ་ཤས་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཆ་ཤས་ཅན་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་མ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཆ་ཤས་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ བྱེད་ལས་གཙོ་ཆེ་བ་དགོས།

༦༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཆ་ཤས་ཅན་ཁོ་ན་ དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ་ལས། དཔེ་ཅན་དེའི་ཆ་ཤས་གང་ཡང་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་མ་བཀོད་པ་ལ་ཆ་ཤས་ཅན་གྱི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཆ་ཤས་ཅན་ཁོ་ན་ དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ ཆ་ཤས་གཞན་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་མ་བཀོད་པ།


༧༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཡན་ལག་གཅིག་ དཔེའི་ཡན་ལག་གཅིག་གི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་ཅིང༌། དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཡན་ལག་ལྷག་མ་རྣམས་དང༌། དཔེ་དེའི་ཡན་ལག་གང་གི་གཟུགས་སུའང་མ་བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱན་ལ་ཡན་ལག་གཅིག་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཡན་ལག་དུ་མ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཡན་ལག་ཅན་གཟུགས་སུ་མ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཡན་ལག་གཅིག་ཁོ་ན་ དཔེའི་ཡན་ལག་གཅིག་གི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་ཡན་ལག་ལྷག་མ་རྣམས་ དཔེའི་ཡན་ལག་གང་གི་གཟུགས་སུའང་མ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ བདག་པོའི་སྒྲ་སྦྱར་ནས་ ཆོས་ཅན་དེ་ལ་ཡན་ལག་ དེ་ལྡན་པའི་རྐྱེན་གསལ་པོར་ཡོད་པ་དགོས།

དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་གཞི་ལ་ ཁྱད་ཆོས་ལྔ་ཙམ་ཞིག་ཡོད་ན། དེའི་ནང་ནས་ཡན་ལག་གཉིས་ཙམ་ཞིག་ཁོ་ན་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུབཀོད་ཅིང༌། ཡན་ལག་ལྷག་མ་རྣམས་དང་ ཡན་ལག་ཅན་དེ་གང་གི་གཟུགས་སུའང་མ་བཀོད་པ་ལ་ ཡན་ལག་གཉིས་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ ཡན་ལག་ཅན་གཟུགས་སུ་མ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཡན་ལག་རྣམས་ལ་གཉིས་ཁོ་ན་གཟུག་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ ཡན་ལག་ལྷག་མ་རྣམས་གང་གི་གཟུགས་སུའང་མ་བཀོད་པ།

དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཡན་ལག་ལྔ་ཙམ་ཞིག་ལས་ གསུམ་ཙམ་ཞིག་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་ཅིང་ ཡན་ལག་ལྷག་མ་རྣམས་དང་ ཡན་ལག་ཅན་དེ་གང་གི་གཟུགས་སུའང་མ་བཀོད་པ་ལ་ཡན་ལག་གསུམ་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཡན་ལག་རྣམས་ལས་ གསུམ་ཁོ་ན་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ ཡན་ལག་ཅན་དང་ཡན་ལག་ལྷག་མ་རྣམས་གང་གི་གཟུགས་སུའང་མ་བཀོད་པ།

༼ཡན་ལག་གཟུགས་ཅན་ལ་་་་་་བདག་པོའི་(ཅན་)སྒྲ་སྦྱར་ནས་ ཆོས་ཅན་དེ་ལ་ཡན་ལག་དེ་ལྡན་པའི་རྐྱེན་གསལ་པོར་ཡོད་པ་དགོས།
ཆ་ཤས་གཟུགས་ཅན་ལ་བྱེད་ལས་གཚོ་ཆེ་བ་དགོས།༽

༨༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གང་གི་རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པ་གཉིས་ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་འགྲོགས་པའམ་ལྡན་པ་དེ། དཔེའི་རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པ་གཉིས་ཀྱང་ ཕན་ཚུན་འགྲོགས་པའམ་ལྡན་པ་ཞིག་གི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པས། དཔེ་ཅན་དེ་དག་ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་གནས་པར་མ་ཟད། དཔེ་རྣམས་ཀྱང་ ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་ལྡན་པའམ་འགྲོགས་པའི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞིག་ལ་ལྡན་པའི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ། 
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གི་རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པ་གཉིས་ཕན་ཚུན་དུ་འགྲོགས་པ།
 _ དཔེའི་རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པ་གཉིས་ཕན་ཚུན་འགྲོགས་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པ་གཉིས་ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་གནས་པ་དེ་ དཔེའི་ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་ལྡན་པའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།

༩༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གང་གི་རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པ་གཉིས་ དཔེའི་ངོ་བོ་མི་མཐུན་པའམ་ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་མི་ལྡན་པའི་དངོས་པོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ་ལ་མི་ལྡན་པའི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པའི་ཚུལ་དུ་ཡོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པར་མེད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པ་གཉིས་པོ་ དཔེའི་ངོ་བོ་མི་མཐུན་པའམ་ལྷན་ཅིག་ཏུ་མི་ལྡན་པའི་དངོས་པོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།

༡༠༽ ཆོས་གང་གི་རྟེན་ཡན་ལག་ཅན། དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་ཅིང༌། དེ་གཟུགས་ཅན་འཕར་མར་བྱས་ཀྱང་རུང༌། བརྟེན་པ་ཡན་ལག་རྣམས་ཀྱི་འགའ་ཞིག་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པར་མ་ཟད་གཟུགས་ཅན་འཕར་མར་ཡང་བཀོད། འགའ་ཞིག་གཟུགས་སུ་གཏན་ནས་མ་བཀོད་པ་ཞིག་ལ་ཡན་ལག་གམ། བརྟེན་པའི་ངོས་ནས་མི་མཉམ་པའམ། མཐོ་དམན་ཡོད་པ་ལྟ་བུ་ཡིན་པས་ན་བརྟེན་པ་མི་མཉམ་པའི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ རྟེན་པ་ཡན་ལག་ཅན་དེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དེ་གཟུགས་ཅན་འཕར་མར་བྱས་ཀྱང་རུང་མ་བྱས་ཀྱང་རུང་བ།
 _ བརྟེན་པ་ཡན་ལག་རྣམས་ཀྱི་འགའ་ཞིག་ དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དེ་གཟུགས་ཅན་འཕར་མར་ཡང་བཀོད་པ།
 _ བརྟེན་པ་ཡན་ལག་ འགའ་ཞིག་གཟུགས་སུ་གཏན་ནས་མ་བཀོད་པ།
(འདིར་བོད་མཁས་པས་བཞེད་ཚུལ་ལ།
 _ རྟེན་ཡན་ལག་གང་གིའང་གཟུགས་སུ་མ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ བརྟེན་པའམ་ཡན་ལག་གི་ཆ་འགའ་རེ་གཟུགས་ཅན་འཕར་མར་བཀོད་པས་ཆོག་པར་གསུངས།)

༡༡༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་དེ། དཔེ་དངོས་པོ་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཞིག་གི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་དེ། དེའི་དགོས་པའམ་བྱ་བ་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཞིག་སྟོན་པ་ལ་ཁྱད་པར་དང་བཅས་པའི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་ དཔེའི་དངོས་པོ་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཞིག་གི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དེའི་དགོས་པའམ་བྱ་བ་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཞིག་སྟོན་པ།

༡༢༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ཞིག་ དཔེ་གང་ཡང་རུང་བ་ཞིག་གི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་དེ། དཔེ་དཔེ་ཅན་གྱིས་བྱ་བ་བྱེད་ཚུལ་འགལ་བར་སྟོན་པ་ཞིག་ལ་འགལ་བའི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་ དཔེ་ཞིག་གི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་དེས་དཔེའི་བྱ་བ་མི་བྱེད་པར་སྟོན་པ།
 _ དཔེ་དེས་དཔེ་ཅན་དེའི་བྱ་བ་མི་བྱེད་པར་སྟོན་པ།
 _ ཡང་ན་་་་དཔེ་དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་བྱ་བ་འགལ་བར་བརྗོད་པ།

༡༣༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ལ་ཡོད་པའི་རང་གི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་དེ་ རང་དང་ཆོས་མཚུངས་པའི་དཔེ་གང་ཡང་རུང་བ་དག་གི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ་ལ་རྒྱུའི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་བཀོད་པ།
 _ རྒྱུ་མཚན་དེ་རང་དང་ཆོས་མཚུངས་པའི་དཔེ་ཞིག་གི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་དངོས་པོའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་རྣམས་ དཔེ་ཅན་རང་གི་ཁྱད་གཞི་གཙོ་བོ་གཅིག་པོ་དེ་ལ་འབྲེལ་བ་དགོས་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ལ་དངོས་པོ་གཅིག་གི་སྟེང་དུ་འབྲེལ་བ་དགོས་པའི་ངེས་པ་མེད།

༡༤༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་གཞི་དེ། དཔེ་གང་ཡང་རུང་བ་ཞིག་གི་ཁྱད་གཞིའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་ཅིང༌། དཔེ་དོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མཚུངས་ཆོས་འགའ་ཞིག་སྒྲ་ལ་སྦྱར། འགའ་ཞིག་དོན་ལ་སྦྱར་བའི་སྒོ་ནས་ དཔེ་དཔེ་ཅན་སོ་སོར་འགོད་དུ་ཡོད་པ་ལ་སྦྱར་བའི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་གཞི་ དཔེ་ཞིག་གི་ཁྱད་གཞིའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་དོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མཚུངས་ཆོས་འགའ་ཞིག་སྒྲ་དང་དོན་ལ་སྦྱར་བ།
 _ དཔེ་དོན་སོ་སོར་འགོད་དུ་ཡོད་པ།

༡༥༽ ཕལ་པ་དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་གཞི་དང་ གཙོ་བོ་དཔེའི་ཁྱད་གཞི་གཉིས་ཀ་ལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཕན་ཚུན་མཐུན་པར་མཚུངས་པ་གསལ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྒྲ་དང་བཅས་གསལ་བར་བརྗོད་ནས། དཔེ་ཅན་དེ་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་ཡང་བཀོད་པ་ཞིག་ལ་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་དཔེ་ཅན་གཉིས་ཀ་ལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ མཐུན་པར་མཚུངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒྲ་དང་བཅས་གསལ་བར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་དེ་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།

༡༦༽ ཐོག་མར་དཔེ་ཅན་དེ་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་དེ། དཔེ་དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་གཞི་ཕན་ཚུན་འདྲ་མཚུངས་སུ་ཡོད་པ་ལྟར་བརྗོད་ནས། སླར་ཡང་ཁྱད་ཆོས་གཉིས་མི་མཐུན་པར་སོ་སོར་འབྱེད་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྒྲ་བཀོད་དེ། མཚུངས་པ་ལས་ལྡོག་པར་བརྗོད་པ་ལ་ལྡོག་པ་ཅན་གྱི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ། 
 _ ཁྱད་གཞི་ཕན་ཚུན་མཚུངས་པར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ སླར་ཡང་ཁྱད་ཆོས་སོ་སོར་འབྱེད་པའི་སྒྲ་བཀོད་ནས་ མཚུངས་པ་ལས་ལྡོག་པར་བརྗོད་པ།

༡༧༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ཞིག་ དཔེ་གང་གི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ་དེ་དགག་བྱ། དེ་འགོག་བྱེད་ནེ་དཔེ་ཅན་རང་གི་བྱ་བའམ་ཁྱད་ཆོས་དེ། དཔེ་དང་མི་མཐུན་པར་བརྗོད་ནས། གང་གི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ་ དེ་དང་མཚུངས་པ་འགོག་པར་བྱེད་པ་ཞིག་ལ་འགོག་པའི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དགག་བྱ་་་་་་དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ། 
 _ འགོག་བྱེད་་་་དཔེ་ཅན་རང་གི་བྱ་བའམ་ཁྱད་ཆོས་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་དང་མི་མཐུན་པར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ་འགོག་པ།

༡༨༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གང་ཞིག་ དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ་དེས། རང་གི་ངང་ཚུལ་དང་མི་མཐུན་པའི་བྱ་བ་བྱེད་པར་འོས་མིན་གྱི་སྐྱོན་དང༌། བྱ་བའི་ཡུལ་ཉིད་ལ་ཡང་སྐབས་གང་ཡིན་གྱི་སྐྱོན་དང་བཅས་ཏེ། མདོར་ན་ཡུལ་དང་ཡུལ་ཅན་གཉིས་ཀ་ལ་སྐྱོན་ཡོད་པ་མཚུངས་པའམ་ མཉམ་དུ་སྟོན་པ་ལ་མཉམ་འཇོག་གི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ ཡུལ་དང་ཡུལ་ཅན་གཉིས་ཀ་སྐྱོན་ཡོད་མཚུངས་པར་སྟོན་པ།

༡༩༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ཞིག་ དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་ཅིང༌། དཔེ་དེ་ཉིད་ཀྱང་དཔེ་གཞན་གྱི་གཟུགས་སུ་སྦྱོར་བ་ལ་གཟུགས་ཅན་གྱི་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།
 _ དཔེ་ཡང་དཔེ་གཞན་ཞིག་གི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་པ།

༢༠༽ དཔེ་ཅན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་དེར། མངོན་སུམ་དུ་བསྙོན་དོར་ནས། དཔེ་ཉིད་ཡིན་པར་བརྗོད་དེ། དཔེ་དང་ངོ་བོ་གཅིག་ཏུ་བྱས་ཤིང་དོན་ལ་དཔེ་ཅན་ཁྱད་འཕགས་སུ་བྱས་ནས་སྟོན་པ་ལ་བསྙོན་དོར་གཟུགས་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ།
 _ དཔེ་ཅན་ལ་བསྙོན་དོར་བ།
 _ དཔེ་ཉིད་ཡིན་པར་བརྗོད་པ།
 _ དོན་ལ་དཔེ་ཅན་ཁྱད་འཕགས་སྟོན་པ།</text>
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    <redirect title="སྐུ་འཁོར་གྱི་རྒྱུད་པ།" />
    <revision>
      <id>25604</id>
      <timestamp>2015-06-15T06:05:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སྐུ་འཁོར་གྱི་རྒྱུད་པ།]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="77" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[སྐུ་འཁོར་གྱི་རྒྱུད་པ།]]</text>
      <sha1>skuwawyuva37na2gw33bscixaoqisvd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3853</id>
    <redirect title="ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག" />
    <revision>
      <id>25605</id>
      <timestamp>2015-06-15T06:06:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག]]</text>
      <sha1>6nygyyhypicr7o42tvzefm4c6izpvad</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3854</id>
    <redirect title="འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག" />
    <revision>
      <id>25606</id>
      <timestamp>2015-06-15T06:09:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="113" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]</text>
      <sha1>3nlf04sfv9hy49v4bah4rogf3ibsbjx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྫོང་ཁག་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3855</id>
    <redirect title="རྫོང་ཁག" />
    <revision>
      <id>25607</id>
      <timestamp>2015-06-15T06:10:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[རྫོང་ཁག]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
      <sha1>h8ewpelysllq64oqv3u8zb36n5hdx8g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལས་རྟགས།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3856</id>
    <redirect title="རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ ལས་རྟགས།" />
    <revision>
      <id>25608</id>
      <timestamp>2015-06-15T06:12:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ ལས་རྟགས།]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="69" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ ལས་རྟགས།]]</text>
      <sha1>46adxmtm5hhj6pnb0zm0krwimzgivff</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་དར་ཆ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3857</id>
    <redirect title="ཧྥ་རན་ས་ཀྱི་དར་ཆ།" />
    <revision>
      <id>25609</id>
      <timestamp>2015-06-15T06:13:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཧྥ་རན་ས་ཀྱི་དར་ཆ།]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཧྥ་རན་ས་ཀྱི་དར་ཆ།]]</text>
      <sha1>1r756c1cld8qigenyvdgb4quqpbt0u1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:FlowMention</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3860</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25630</id>
      <timestamp>2015-08-03T23:31:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4688</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Automatically created by Flow */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="49" xml:space="preserve">@[[User:{{{1|Example}}}|{{{2|{{{1|Example}}}}}}]]</text>
      <sha1>ht62w5zp7ueoczj6k5jj4tnpk907kdj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:LQT Moved thread stub converted to Flow</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3870</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25677</id>
      <timestamp>2015-10-02T19:56:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4688</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Automatically created by Flow */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="86" xml:space="preserve">This post by {{{author}}} was moved on {{{date}}}. You can find it at [[{{{title}}}]].</text>
      <sha1>e5j16chw2130kmdotptl65jvxa6lw5w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:LQT page converted to Flow</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3871</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25678</id>
      <timestamp>2015-10-02T19:56:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4688</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Automatically created by Flow */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="149" xml:space="preserve">Previous page history was archived for backup purposes at &lt;span class='flow-link-to-archive'&gt;[[{{{archive}}}]]&lt;/span&gt; on {{#time: Y-m-d|{{{date}}}}}.</text>
      <sha1>njhr9sbh7lx81p2xfwikn7amdd3n1zn</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Archive for converted LQT page</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3872</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25679</id>
      <timestamp>2015-10-02T19:56:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4688</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Automatically created by Flow */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="168" xml:space="preserve">This page is an archived LiquidThreads page. '''Do not edit the contents of this page'''. Please direct any additional comments to the [[{{{from}}}|current talk page]].</text>
      <sha1>nigyidinm7czjt0s9dq851dwhckapia</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:LQT post imported with supressed user</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3873</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25680</id>
      <timestamp>2015-10-02T19:56:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4688</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Automatically created by Flow */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="113" xml:space="preserve">This revision was imported from LiquidThreads with a suppressed user. It has been reassigned to the current user.</text>
      <sha1>1pswkbcu7hauadd98nklgf3pku080ee</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:LQT post imported with different signature user</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3874</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25681</id>
      <timestamp>2015-10-02T19:56:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4688</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Automatically created by Flow */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="135" xml:space="preserve">''This post was posted by [[User:{{{authorUser}}}|{{{authorUser}}}]], but signed as [[User:{{{signatureUser}}}|{{{signatureUser}}}]].''</text>
      <sha1>gr9xg2oo9p9alcaf8usi587bcmsi65s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Wikitext talk page converted to Flow</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3875</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25682</id>
      <timestamp>2015-10-02T19:56:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4688</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Automatically created by Flow */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="127" xml:space="preserve">Previous discussion was archived at &lt;span class='flow-link-to-archive'&gt;[[{{{archive}}}]]&lt;/span&gt; on {{#time: Y-m-d|{{{date}}}}}.</text>
      <sha1>ccusakfp9y2sl227h5sbt4ok1ptcsxi</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Archive for converted wikitext talk page</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3876</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25683</id>
      <timestamp>2015-10-02T19:56:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Flow talk page manager</username>
        <id>4688</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Automatically created by Flow */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="179" xml:space="preserve">This page is an archive. '''Do not edit the contents of this page'''. Please direct any additional comments to the [[{{{from|{{TALKSPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|current talk page]].</text>
      <sha1>hd1xxik7k0u7gcb9oq9ddgh20zmhpy4</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Wikipedia Asian Month</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>3881</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25703</id>
      <timestamp>2015-11-19T13:15:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>永続繁栄</username>
        <id>4847</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Wikipedia Asian Month''' is about writing Asia. If you are writing five or more pages about Asia, Special design letter(from other country) will send to you. Why don't you...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="393" xml:space="preserve">'''Wikipedia Asian Month''' is about writing Asia. If you are writing five or more pages about Asia, Special design letter(from other country) will send to you. Why don't you join us? If you are interested, please sign [[/participants|this page]]. If you want to be local organizer, please sign below.

Cf.[[m:Wikipedia Asian Month]]
[[:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Asian Month]]


== Organizers ==</text>
      <sha1>t7gtn3xxiuxcfl9636uxqa2easj5irt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Wikipedia Asian Month/participants</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>3882</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25704</id>
      <timestamp>2015-11-19T13:15:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>永続繁栄</username>
        <id>4847</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;--~~~~&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="169" xml:space="preserve">--[[User:永続繁栄|永続繁栄]] ([[User talk:永続繁栄|talk]]) ༡༣:༡༥, ༡༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༢༠༡༥ (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>bn1kak1mks5a2sdkiuly7bbbe479che</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:TableTools</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>3893</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27788</id>
      <parentid>25751</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-05-17T16:06:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DiBabelYurikBot</username>
        <id>6923</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Copying one change by Capankajsmilyo: &quot;copied from enwiki&quot; from [[mw:Module:TableTools]]. ([[mw:WP:TNT|docs]], [[c:Data:I18n/DiBabel.tab|translate]])</comment>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="12326" xml:space="preserve">--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--                               TableTools                                       --
--                                                                                --
-- This module includes a number of functions for dealing with Lua tables.        --
-- It is a meta-module, meant to be called from other Lua modules, and should     --
-- not be called directly from #invoke.                                           --
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]

local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil')

local p = {}

-- Define often-used variables and functions.
local floor = math.floor
local infinity = math.huge
local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType
local checkTypeMulti = libraryUtil.checkTypeMulti

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- isPositiveInteger
--
-- This function returns true if the given value is a positive integer, and false
-- if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is
-- useful for determining whether a given table key is in the array part or the
-- hash part of a table.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.isPositiveInteger(v)
	if type(v) == 'number' and v &gt;= 1 and floor(v) == v and v &lt; infinity then
		return true
	else
		return false
	end
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- isNan
--
-- This function returns true if the given number is a NaN value, and false
-- if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is
-- useful for determining whether a value can be a valid table key. Lua will
-- generate an error if a NaN is used as a table key.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.isNan(v)
	if type(v) == 'number' and tostring(v) == '-nan' then
		return true
	else
		return false
	end
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- shallowClone
--
-- This returns a clone of a table. The value returned is a new table, but all
-- subtables and functions are shared. Metamethods are respected, but the returned
-- table will have no metatable of its own.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.shallowClone(t)
	local ret = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		ret[k] = v
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- removeDuplicates
--
-- This removes duplicate values from an array. Non-positive-integer keys are
-- ignored. The earliest value is kept, and all subsequent duplicate values are
-- removed, but otherwise the array order is unchanged.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.removeDuplicates(t)
	checkType('removeDuplicates', 1, t, 'table')
	local isNan = p.isNan
	local ret, exists = {}, {}
	for i, v in ipairs(t) do
		if isNan(v) then
			-- NaNs can't be table keys, and they are also unique, so we don't need to check existence.
			ret[#ret + 1] = v
		else
			if not exists[v] then
				ret[#ret + 1] = v
				exists[v] = true
			end
		end	
	end
	return ret
end			

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- numKeys
--
-- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of any numerical
-- keys that have non-nil values, sorted in numerical order.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.numKeys(t)
	checkType('numKeys', 1, t, 'table')
	local isPositiveInteger = p.isPositiveInteger
	local nums = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		if isPositiveInteger(k) then
			nums[#nums + 1] = k
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	return nums
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- affixNums
--
-- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of keys with the
-- specified prefix and suffix. For example, for the table
-- {a1 = 'foo', a3 = 'bar', a6 = 'baz'} and the prefix &quot;a&quot;, affixNums will
-- return {1, 3, 6}.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.affixNums(t, prefix, suffix)
	checkType('affixNums', 1, t, 'table')
	checkType('affixNums', 2, prefix, 'string', true)
	checkType('affixNums', 3, suffix, 'string', true)

	local function cleanPattern(s)
		-- Cleans a pattern so that the magic characters ()%.[]*+-?^$ are interpreted literally.
		s = s:gsub('([%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%^%$])', '%%%1')
		return s
	end

	prefix = prefix or ''
	suffix = suffix or ''
	prefix = cleanPattern(prefix)
	suffix = cleanPattern(suffix)
	local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$'

	local nums = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		if type(k) == 'string' then			
			local num = mw.ustring.match(k, pattern)
			if num then
				nums[#nums + 1] = tonumber(num)
			end
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	return nums
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- numData
--
-- Given a table with keys like (&quot;foo1&quot;, &quot;bar1&quot;, &quot;foo2&quot;, &quot;baz2&quot;), returns a table
-- of subtables in the format 
-- { [1] = {foo = 'text', bar = 'text'}, [2] = {foo = 'text', baz = 'text'} }
-- Keys that don't end with an integer are stored in a subtable named &quot;other&quot;.
-- The compress option compresses the table so that it can be iterated over with
-- ipairs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.numData(t, compress)
	checkType('numData', 1, t, 'table')
	checkType('numData', 2, compress, 'boolean', true)
	local ret = {}
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		local prefix, num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^([^0-9]*)([1-9][0-9]*)$')
		if num then
			num = tonumber(num)
			local subtable = ret[num] or {}
			if prefix == '' then
				-- Positional parameters match the blank string; put them at the start of the subtable instead.
				prefix = 1
			end
			subtable[prefix] = v
			ret[num] = subtable
		else
			local subtable = ret.other or {}
			subtable[k] = v
			ret.other = subtable
		end
	end
	if compress then
		local other = ret.other
		ret = p.compressSparseArray(ret)
		ret.other = other
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- compressSparseArray
--
-- This takes an array with one or more nil values, and removes the nil values
-- while preserving the order, so that the array can be safely traversed with
-- ipairs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.compressSparseArray(t)
	checkType('compressSparseArray', 1, t, 'table')
	local ret = {}
	local nums = p.numKeys(t)
	for _, num in ipairs(nums) do
		ret[#ret + 1] = t[num]
	end
	return ret
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- sparseIpairs
--
-- This is an iterator for sparse arrays. It can be used like ipairs, but can
-- handle nil values.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]
function p.sparseIpairs(t)
	checkType('sparseIpairs', 1, t, 'table')
	local nums = p.numKeys(t)
	local i = 0
	local lim = #nums
	return function ()
		i = i + 1
		if i &lt;= lim then
			local key = nums[i]
			return key, t[key]
		else
			return nil, nil
		end
	end
end

--[[
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- size
--
-- This returns the size of a key/value pair table. It will also work on arrays,
-- but for arrays it is more efficient to use the # operator.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--]]

function p.size(t)
	checkType('size', 1, t, 'table')
	local i = 0
	for k in pairs(t) do
		i = i + 1
	end
	return i
end


local function defaultKeySort(item1, item2)
	-- &quot;number&quot; &lt; &quot;string&quot;, so numbers will be sorted before strings.
	local type1, type2 = type(item1), type(item2)
	if type1 ~= type2 then
		return type1 &lt; type2
	else -- This will fail with table, boolean, function.
		return item1 &lt; item2
	end
end

--[[
	Returns a list of the keys in a table, sorted using either a default
	comparison function or a custom keySort function.
]]
function p.keysToList(t, keySort, checked)
	if not checked then
		checkType('keysToList', 1, t, 'table')
		checkTypeMulti('keysToList', 2, keySort, { 'function', 'boolean', 'nil' })
	end
	
	local list = {}
	local index = 1
	for key, value in pairs(t) do
		list[index] = key
		index = index + 1
	end
	
	if keySort ~= false then
		keySort = type(keySort) == 'function' and keySort or defaultKeySort
		
		table.sort(list, keySort)
	end
	
	return list
end

--[[
	Iterates through a table, with the keys sorted using the keysToList function.
	If there are only numerical keys, sparseIpairs is probably more efficient.
]]
function p.sortedPairs(t, keySort)
	checkType('sortedPairs', 1, t, 'table')
	checkType('sortedPairs', 2, keySort, 'function', true)
	
	local list = p.keysToList(t, keySort, true)
	
	local i = 0
	return function()
		i = i + 1
		local key = list[i]
		if key ~= nil then
			return key, t[key]
		else
			return nil, nil
		end
	end
end

--[[
	Returns true if all keys in the table are consecutive integers starting at 1.
--]]
function p.isArray(t)
	checkType(&quot;isArray&quot;, 1, t, &quot;table&quot;)
	
	local i = 0
	for k, v in pairs(t) do
		i = i + 1
		if t[i] == nil then
			return false
		end
	end
	return true
end

-- { &quot;a&quot;, &quot;b&quot;, &quot;c&quot; } -&gt; { a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 }
function p.invert(array)
	checkType(&quot;invert&quot;, 1, array, &quot;table&quot;)
	
	local map = {}
	for i, v in ipairs(array) do
		map[v] = i
	end
	
	return map
end

--[[
	{ &quot;a&quot;, &quot;b&quot;, &quot;c&quot; } -&gt; { [&quot;a&quot;] = true, [&quot;b&quot;] = true, [&quot;c&quot;] = true }
--]]
function p.listToSet(t)
	checkType(&quot;listToSet&quot;, 1, t, &quot;table&quot;)
	
	local set = {}
	for _, item in ipairs(t) do
		set[item] = true
	end
	
	return set
end

--[[
	Recursive deep copy function.
	Preserves identities of subtables.
	
]]
local function _deepCopy(orig, includeMetatable, already_seen)
	-- Stores copies of tables indexed by the original table.
	already_seen = already_seen or {}
	
	local copy = already_seen[orig]
	if copy ~= nil then
		return copy
	end
	
	if type(orig) == 'table' then
		copy = {}
		for orig_key, orig_value in pairs(orig) do
			copy[deepcopy(orig_key, includeMetatable, already_seen)] = deepcopy(orig_value, includeMetatable, already_seen)
		end
		already_seen[orig] = copy
		
		if includeMetatable then
			local mt = getmetatable(orig)
			if mt ~= nil then
				local mt_copy = deepcopy(mt, includeMetatable, already_seen)
				setmetatable(copy, mt_copy)
				already_seen[mt] = mt_copy
			end
		end
	else -- number, string, boolean, etc
		copy = orig
	end
	return copy
end

function p.deepCopy(orig, noMetatable, already_seen)
	checkType(&quot;deepCopy&quot;, 3, already_seen, &quot;table&quot;, true)
	
	return _deepCopy(orig, not noMetatable, already_seen)
end

--[[
	Concatenates all values in the table that are indexed by a number, in order.
	sparseConcat{ a, nil, c, d }  =&gt;  &quot;acd&quot;
	sparseConcat{ nil, b, c, d }  =&gt;  &quot;bcd&quot;
]]
function p.sparseConcat(t, sep, i, j)
	local list = {}
	
	local list_i = 0
	for _, v in p.sparseIpairs(t) do
		list_i = list_i + 1
		list[list_i] = v
	end
	
	return table.concat(list, sep, i, j)
end

--[[
-- This returns the length of a table, or the first integer key n counting from
-- 1 such that t[n + 1] is nil. It is similar to the operator #, but may return
-- a different value when there are gaps in the array portion of the table.
-- Intended to be used on data loaded with mw.loadData. For other tables, use #.
-- Note: #frame.args in frame object always be set to 0, regardless of 
-- the number of unnamed template parameters, so use this function for
-- frame.args.
--]]
function p.length(t)
	local i = 1
	while t[i] ~= nil do
		i = i + 1
	end
	return i - 1
end

function p.inArray(arr, valueToFind)
	checkType(&quot;inArray&quot;, 1, arr, &quot;table&quot;)
	
	-- if valueToFind is nil, error?
	
	for _, v in ipairs(arr) do
		if v == valueToFind then
			return true
		end
	end
	
	return false
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>tqif0qe0lu98pj8cuq70kgi6evye5t3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Vector.css</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>3908</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25797</id>
      <parentid>25793</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-09T12:05:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ruslik0</username>
        <id>2089</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="130" xml:space="preserve">/* CSS placed here will affect users of the Vector skin */

/* Increasing default font size */
body, textarea {
	font-size:125%;
}</text>
      <sha1>db490ufs0a7x2rmcu03896ehlbn3t9d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Monobook.css</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>3909</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25796</id>
      <parentid>25795</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-09T12:04:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ruslik0</username>
        <id>2089</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="132" xml:space="preserve">/* CSS placed here will affect users of the MonoBook skin */

/* Increasing default font size */
body, textarea {
	font-size:100%;
}</text>
      <sha1>rg0ho0gscxdat0mg3zqzir6a8vsspt1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:སྤྱིར་བཏང་ཁས་མི་ལེན་པ།</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>3910</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25799</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-18T13:41:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>117.136.173.138</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;微信&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6" xml:space="preserve">微信</text>
      <sha1>c6edino66yjfpmet7qxod6669e2nu47</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཕུམིཕོན་ཨདོནཡཨདེཏ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3911</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28830</id>
      <parentid>28826</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-19T10:20:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WikiBayer</username>
        <id>6817</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/91.246.183.176|91.246.183.176]] ([[User talk:91.246.183.176|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Ruslik0|Ruslik0]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="223" xml:space="preserve">[[File:King Bhumibol Adulyadej Portrait-1945.jpg|thumb]]
'''ཕུམིཕོན་ཨདོནཡཨདེཏ''' ལྡན་ནི།་མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།་[[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ]]{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>qjqn1batf7ov9jtoldobl8f58nt74wb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རིའོ་དེ་ཞ་ནེའི་རོ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3912</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27709</id>
      <parentid>27703</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:45:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="299" xml:space="preserve">

[[File:Montagem Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|རིའོ་དེ་ཞ་ནེའི་རོ་]]

'''རིའོ་དེ་ཞ་ནེའི་རོ་''', [[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]།


{{Stub}}
{{Translate}}

[[Category:བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]
[[Category:གྲོང་􀮣]]</text>
      <sha1>bre6afkr5xxzrwbghrookwuanjv04d5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༡༦</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3913</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28194</id>
      <parentid>28192</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-04-05T23:33:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>-</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="427" xml:space="preserve">

== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==

* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] : [[Tshering Tobgay]]

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
{{translate}}{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>humdfthe8v1cvmbpxuzsoe7vpqeb8f7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༡༥</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3914</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28144</id>
      <parentid>28137</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="425" xml:space="preserve">
== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] : [[Tshering Tobgay]]

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
{{translate}}{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>3qivzd2vz9br7qd8wwh9w75uwhvhvjn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༡༧</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3915</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28199</id>
      <parentid>28142</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-04-15T00:59:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། */ +</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="382" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==</text>
      <sha1>oakxbxe68x6oxnyvbw0qk2ygwb367ei</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༡༨</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3916</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28200</id>
      <parentid>25897</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-04-15T01:00:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། */ + [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="382" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==</text>
      <sha1>oakxbxe68x6oxnyvbw0qk2ygwb367ei</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༡༩</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3917</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28201</id>
      <parentid>28195</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-04-15T01:00:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། */ + [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="384" xml:space="preserve">

== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==</text>
      <sha1>lk4sl5g8nkv8vngpgk9g17lykko00r0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2020</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3918</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༢༠" />
    <revision>
      <id>26024</id>
      <parentid>25818</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-06-18T09:29:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dcljr</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>REDIRECT [[༢༠༢༠]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༢༠]]</text>
      <sha1>qax0tarcwlcguk2r6tf4egabq8rdiun</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༡༤</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3919</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28145</id>
      <parentid>28136</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Dcljr|Dcljr]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="403" xml:space="preserve">
== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] : [[Tshering Tobgay]]

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==</text>
      <sha1>ru8jr0uutv3qdui0xi6vrndhspdef3c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༡༣</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3920</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28146</id>
      <parentid>28135</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Dcljr|Dcljr]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="403" xml:space="preserve">
== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] : [[Tshering Tobgay]]

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==</text>
      <sha1>ru8jr0uutv3qdui0xi6vrndhspdef3c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༠༨</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3921</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28150</id>
      <parentid>28131</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]]</comment>
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== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] : [[འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་ཕྲིན་ལས།]]

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
{{translate}}{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>fb29ovgvldk3xllt1p0vid1erk8sl7c</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Banner</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3923</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28471</id>
      <parentid>27426</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-07-25T21:55:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>180.251.157.112</ip>
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      <text bytes="7013" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;globegris&quot; id=&quot;mp-topbanner&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position:-40px -15px; width:100%; border:1px solid #a7d7f9; vertical-align:top; -moz-border-radius: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:10px&quot;
| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot; |[[File:Us-passport.jpg|right|frameless|400x400px]]
{| style=&quot;width:280px; border:none; background:none;&quot;
| style=&quot;width:280px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:185%;&quot;&gt;༉ བྱོན་པ་ལེགས་སོ།&lt;/div&gt;ཝེ་ཁེ་རིག་མཛོད་ནི་རང་དབང་གི་རིག་གནས་ཀུན་བཏུས་དཔེ་མཛོད་ཅིག་ཡིན་ལ་འདི་རུ་མི་སུས་ཀྱང་རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་དང་ལེགས་བཅོས་བྱེད་ཆོག གལ་ཏེ་ཁྱེད་ཀྱིས་བོད་ཡིག་གམ་རྫོང་ཁ་མཁྱེན་ན་ལམ་སེང་རྩོམ་ཡིག་སྤེལ་ཆོག་པ་མ་

ཟད་ནང་དུ་ཉར་ཟིན་པའི་རྩོམ་ཡིག་ཐམས་ཅད་བོད་ཡིག་གམ་རྫོང་ཁ་གཉེར་མཁན་ཚང་མར་ཕན་པས་ཝེ་ཁེ་རྫོང་ཁ་འགྱུར་མའི་ནང་དུ་ཧུར་བརྩོན་གྱིས་རྩོམ་ཡིག་ཁ་སྣོན་མཛོད་དང་ལས་འདིས་ཡིག་གེ་འདི་མི་ཉམས་གོང་

འཕེལ་དུ་གཏོང་བར་ཧ་ཅང་དགེ་མཚན་མཆིས་སོ།  །ཝེ་ཁེ་རིག་མཛོད་ནི་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཀྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་མངོན་པར་ཕྱུག་པའི་གཟབ་ནན་གྱི་དྲྭ་ཚུགས་ཤིག་ཡིན་ཕྱིར་གནས་འདིར་ཅི་དགར་དུ་མི་སྒེར་གྱི་རྩོམ་ཡིག་ཐ་ཐོར་དང་རང་སྣང་གང་ཤར་གྱི་སྙན་ངག་ལ་སོགས་པ་མི་སྤེལ་

བར་མཁྱེན།  རྩོམ་ཡིག་ཅི་ལྟར་སྤེལ་བར་རྨོངས་ན་བྱིས་པ་ཁང་དུ་རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་ཚོད་བགམ་གྱིས་དང་།  འདིར་གང་འདོད་དུ་ཚོད་ལྟ་བྱེད་ཆོག་ལ་དང་གཞན་རྣམས་ལ་དེ་ལྟར་མི་བྱེད་པར་མཁྱེན།ཡིག་གཟུགས་ཆུང་བའི་གནད་དོན་སེལ་བར་ཐོག་མར་རྩིས་ཐོ་བཀོད་རྗེས་ནང་དུ་

ཡིག་གཟུགས་ཆེ་རུ་གཏོང་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ code བཞག་ནས་ཡིག་གཟུགས་ཇེ་ཆེར་གཏོང་ཐུབ།  དེ་ལས་འདས་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་འཕྲད་ན་ [[:en:Wikipedia:Cheatsheet| རོགས་རམ་]]ས་བཅད་ལ་གཟིགས་ཤོག
མིག་སྔར་ཚིག་ཚན་'''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]'''ཙམ་ཡོད&lt;div id=&quot;articlecount&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:95%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}
{| class=&quot;globegris&quot; id=&quot;mp-topbanner&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; background-repeat:no-repeat; background-position:-40px -15px; width:100%; border:1px solid #a7d7f9; vertical-align:top; -moz-border-radius: 10px; -webkit-border-radius: 10px; border-radius:10px&quot;
| style=&quot;width:70%;&quot; |[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|right|frameless|200x200px]]
{| style=&quot;width:280px; border:none; background:none;&quot;
| style=&quot;width:280px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:185%;&quot;&gt;༉ བྱོན་པ་ལེགས་སོ།&lt;/div&gt;ཝེ་ཁེ་རིག་མཛོད་ནི་རང་དབང་གི་རིག་གནས་ཀུན་བཏུས་དཔེ་མཛོད་ཅིག་ཡིན་ལ་འདི་རུ་མི་སུས་ཀྱང་རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་དང་ལེགས་བཅོས་བྱེད་ཆོག གལ་ཏེ་ཁྱེད་ཀྱིས་བོད་ཡིག་གམ་རྫོང་ཁ་མཁྱེན་ན་ལམ་སེང་རྩོམ་ཡིག་སྤེལ་ཆོག་པ་མ་

ཟད་ནང་དུ་ཉར་ཟིན་པའི་རྩོམ་ཡིག་ཐམས་ཅད་བོད་ཡིག་གམ་རྫོང་ཁ་གཉེར་མཁན་ཚང་མར་ཕན་པས་ཝེ་ཁེ་རྫོང་ཁ་འགྱུར་མའི་ནང་དུ་ཧུར་བརྩོན་གྱིས་རྩོམ་ཡིག་ཁ་སྣོན་མཛོད་དང་ལས་འདིས་ཡིག་གེ་འདི་མི་ཉམས་གོང་

འཕེལ་དུ་གཏོང་བར་ཧ་ཅང་དགེ་མཚན་མཆིས་སོ།  །ཝེ་ཁེ་རིག་མཛོད་ནི་ཚིག་མཛོད་ཀྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་མངོན་པར་ཕྱུག་པའི་གཟབ་ནན་གྱི་དྲྭ་ཚུགས་ཤིག་ཡིན་ཕྱིར་གནས་འདིར་ཅི་དགར་དུ་མི་སྒེར་གྱི་རྩོམ་ཡིག་ཐ་ཐོར་དང་རང་སྣང་གང་ཤར་གྱི་སྙན་ངག་ལ་སོགས་པ་མི་སྤེལ་

བར་མཁྱེན།  རྩོམ་ཡིག་ཅི་ལྟར་སྤེལ་བར་རྨོངས་ན་བྱིས་པ་ཁང་དུ་རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་ཚོད་བགམ་གྱིས་དང་།  འདིར་གང་འདོད་དུ་ཚོད་ལྟ་བྱེད་ཆོག་ལ་དང་གཞན་རྣམས་ལ་དེ་ལྟར་མི་བྱེད་པར་མཁྱེན།ཡིག་གཟུགས་ཆུང་བའི་གནད་དོན་སེལ་བར་ཐོག་མར་རྩིས་ཐོ་བཀོད་རྗེས་ནང་དུ་

ཡིག་གཟུགས་ཆེ་རུ་གཏོང་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ code བཞག་ནས་ཡིག་གཟུགས་ཇེ་ཆེར་གཏོང་ཐུབ།  དེ་ལས་འདས་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་འཕྲད་ན་ [[:en:Wikipedia:Cheatsheet| རོགས་རམ་]]ས་བཅད་ལ་གཟིགས་ཤོག
མིག་སྔར་ཚིག་ཚན་'''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]'''ཙམ་ཡོད&lt;div id=&quot;articlecount&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; font-size:95%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|}
|}</text>
      <sha1>amh1aonwdbnk715nsbcsr4n1dwo6dhb</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:གཞན།. ཁ་སྐད། ཁ། སྐད་ཡིག</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3925</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28030</id>
      <parentid>28029</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-12-10T01:57:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tshering Nidup</username>
        <id>6191</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3065" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ཝེ་ཀི་རིག་མཛོད་འདི་ སྐད་ཡིག་འདྲ་མིན་ཐོག་གཟིགས་ཚུགས། &lt;/big&gt;:

&lt;big&gt;[http://bo.wikipedia.org བོད་ཡིག] • [http://dz.wikipedia.org/ རྫོང་ཁ།] • [http://hi.wikipedia.org/ ཧིན་ཡིག] • [http://ne.wikipedia.org/ བལ་ཡུལ་ཡི་གེ] • [http://zh.wikipedia.org རྒྱ་ཡིག] • [http://ug.wikipedia.org/ ཡུ་གུར་ཡི་གེ] • [http://mn.wikipedia.org/ སོག་ཡིག] • [http://my.wikipedia.org འབར་མའི་ཡི་གེ] • [http://en.wikipedia.org ཨིང་སྐད] •[http://de.wikipedia.org དྲུཆ] •[http://fr.wikipedia.org ཕརནི་སའིས]• [http://nl.wikipedia.org ནི་དར་ལེནཌསི] • [http://sv.wikipedia.org Svenska]•[http://es.wikipedia.org ཨེསི་པ་ནཱོལ]• [http://it.wikipedia.org ཨི་ཊ་ལི་ཡ་ནོ]• [http://pl.wikipedia.org པཱོལསི་ཀི] • [http://ru.wikipedia.org ར་ཤི་ཡནི]• [http://ja.wikipedia.org ཇར་པཱ་ནིསི] • [http://pt.wikipedia.org པོར་ཀྲུ་གིསི]   • [http://vi.wikipedia.org ཏིང་ཝིཌ] • [http://zh.wikipedia.org རྒྱ་ནག་གི་ཡི་གེ] • [http://ceb.wikipedia.org Sinugboanong Binisaya] •
[http://war.wikipedia.org Winaray]•[http://ca.wikipedia.org Català] • [http://fi.wikipedia.org Suomi] • [http://no.wikipedia.org Norsk (Bokmål)] • [http://uk.wikipedia.org Українська]
[http://ar.wikipedia.org العربية] • [http://bg.wikipedia.org Български] • [http://cs.wikipedia.org Čeština] • [http://da.wikipedia.org Dansk] • [http://eo.wikipedia.org Esperanto] • [http://et.wikipedia.org Eesti] • [http://eu.wikipedia.org Euskara] • [http://fa.wikipedia.org فارسی] • [http://he.wikipedia.org עברית] • [http://hi.wikipedia.org हिन्दी] • [http://hu.wikipedia.org Magyar] • [http://id.wikipedia.org བ་ཧ་ས་ ཨིན་དྲོ་ནེ་] • [http://ko.wikipedia.org ཀོ་རི་ཡཱན] • [http://lt.wikipedia.org Lietuvių] • [http://ms.wikipedia.org Bahasa Melayu] • [http://ro.wikipedia.org Română] • [http://sk.wikipedia.org Slovenčina]• [http://sr.wikipedia.org Српски / Srpski] • [http://tr.wikipedia.org Türkçe] • [http://vo.wikipedia.org Volapük] •[http://simple.wikipedia.org Simple English]&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;div id=&quot;metalink&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;'''[[meta:List of Wikipedias|Etc.]]'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;


[[ar:]]
[[bn:]]
[[ce:]]
[[de:]]
[[dz:]]
[[en:]]
[[es:]]
[[fr:]]
[[gom:]]
[[hi:]]
[[it:]]
[[ja:]]
[[km:]]
[[kn:]]
[[ko:]]
[[ks:]]
[[lo:]]
[[mai:]]
[[ml:]]
[[mn:]]
[[mr:]]
[[my:]]
[[ne:]]
[[nl:]]
[[new:]]
[[or:]]
[[pa:]]
[[pl:]]
[[pt:]]
[[ru:]]
[[sa:]]
[[si:]]
[[sv:]]
[[ta:]]
[[te:]]
[[th:]]
[[ur:]]
[[ug:]]
[[vi:]]
[[war:]]
[[za:]]
[[zh:]]
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:སྐད་རིགས་གཞན།</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3926</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28395</id>
      <parentid>28394</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-04-03T06:04:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Serhio Magpie</username>
        <id>7277</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>For this size it is better to use an icon without a wordmark.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1614" xml:space="preserve">{|
|- 
&lt;small&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; style=&quot;margin:0;margin-bottom:0.5em;text-align:center;font-size:100%&quot;&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;layout&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; length=&quot;200%&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left; background-color: transparent;&quot;&gt;
|[[File:Commons-logo.svg|31px|frameless|center|Commons]]
|[[commons:Main_Page|'''ཝི་ཀི་པར་རིགས''']]
|[[File:MediaWiki-2020-icon.svg|50px|frameless|center|Wikisources]]
|[[m:Main_Page|'''ཝི་ཀི་བརྡ་རིགས''']]
|[[File:Metawiki.svg|50px|frameless|center|metawiki]]
|[[m:Main_Page|'''མི་སྡེ་ཝི་ཀི''']]
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; href |[[File:Wikibooks-logo.png|centre|frameless|35x35px]]
|&lt;small&gt;[http://wikibooks.org/ '''ཝི་ཀི་དཔེ་དེབ''' ]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikidata-logo S.svg|centre|frameless|47x47px]]&lt;/td&gt;
|'''[https://www.wikidata.org/ ཝི་ཀི་གནས་སྡུད]'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Wikiquote-logo-51px.png|centre|frameless|51x51px]]
|&lt;small&gt;[http://wikiquote.org/ '''ཝི་ཀི་ལུང་དྲང''']&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; href |[[File:Wikisource-logo.png|35px|frameless|center|Wikisources]]
|&lt;small&gt;[http://wikisource.org/ '''ཝི་ཀི་དཔེ་མཛོད''']&lt;/small&gt;&lt;td align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikispecies-logo-35px.png|centre|frameless|41x41px]]&lt;/td&gt;
|[[wikispecies:Main_Page|'''ཝི་ཀི་རིགས་སྣ''']]
| align=&quot;center&quot; |[[File:Wiktionary-logo.svg|centre|frameless|41x41px]]
|&lt;small&gt;[http://dz.wiktionary.org/ '''ཝི་ཀི་ཚིག་མཛོད''']&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/table&gt;

|}</text>
      <sha1>pv4puxrw7c96dtduy0x29lbxps2zg3v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མོ་རོ་ཀོ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3928</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27240</id>
      <parentid>25915</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T10:13:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Impro moved page [[མོ་རོ་ཀོ།]] to [[མོ་རོ་ཀོ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="306" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Morocco flag 300.png|right|frameless|150x150px]]

== '''ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ་''' ==
* [[ར་བྷཊ།]]
[[File:Coat of arms of Morocco Supporters.svg|right|frameless|164x164px]][[File:Morocco-map.gif|thumb|160x160px]]{{Stub}}
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ|བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>pmkm82lt38okchxukfetira0d7nzzjk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2008</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3929</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༠༨" />
    <revision>
      <id>25847</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-29T22:22:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[2008]] to [[༢༠༠༨]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༠༨]]</text>
      <sha1>kdxhuvehuav0xjqsdjudpkh5zvjfz8j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Paraguay</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3930</id>
    <redirect title="པ་ར་གུ་ཝའི" />
    <revision>
      <id>26975</id>
      <parentid>25849</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-05T01:11:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[པ་ར་གུ་ཝའི]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[པ་ར་གུ་ཝའི]]</text>
      <sha1>filjirldbqkv826xek62phugyhflnc8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2016</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3932</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༡༦" />
    <revision>
      <id>25852</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T01:12:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[2016]] to [[༢༠༡༦]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༡༦]]</text>
      <sha1>3zcc37hkvknxnmks549pji5i0bf4aar</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2015</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3933</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༡༥" />
    <revision>
      <id>25854</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T01:17:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[2015]] to [[༢༠༡༥]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༡༥]]</text>
      <sha1>e8d2npdpu52mlpt4shazhhslgiqqol5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:MONTHNAME</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3934</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25856</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T01:26:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{MONTHNUMBER|{{{1}}}}}|1=སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ།|2=སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ།|3=སྤྱི་ཟླ...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="860" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{MONTHNUMBER|{{{1}}}}}|1=སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ།|2=སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ།|3=སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ།|4=སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ།|5=སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ།|6=སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ།	|7=སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ།|8=སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ།|9=སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ།|10=སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ།|11=སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ།|12=སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ།|Incorrect required parameter 1=''month''!}}|Missing required parameter 1=''month''!}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Documentation</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3935</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25857</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T01:27:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;!--   Automatically add {{template sandbox notice}} when on a /sandbox page. --&gt;{{#ifeq: {{SUBPAGENAME}} | sandbox | &lt;div style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;{{template sandbox notice...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1305" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--
  Automatically add {{template sandbox notice}} when on a /sandbox page.
--&gt;{{#ifeq: {{SUBPAGENAME}} | sandbox
| &lt;div style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;{{template sandbox notice}}
}}&lt;!--
  Automatically add {{pp-template}} to protected templates.
--&gt;{{template other
| {{#ifeq: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}} | sysop
  | {{pp-template}}
  | {{#if: {{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}
    | {{pp-template}}
    | &lt;!--Not protected, or only semi-move-protected--&gt;
    }}
  }}
}}&lt;!--
  Start of green doc box.
--&gt;{{documentation/core2
| heading = {{{heading|¬}}}   &lt;!--Empty but defined means no header--&gt;
| heading-style = {{{heading-style|}}}
| content = {{{content|}}}
| link box = {{{link box|}}}   &lt;!--So &quot;link box=off&quot; works--&gt;

&lt;!--Some namespaces must have the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases 
    in talk space--&gt;
| docspace =
  {{#switch: {{SUBJECTSPACE}}
  | {{ns:0}}
  | {{ns:File}}
  | {{ns:MediaWiki}}
  | {{ns:Category}} = {{TALKSPACE}}
  | #default = {{SUBJECTSPACE}}
  }}

| 1 = {{{1|}}}   &lt;!--Other docname, if fed--&gt;

&lt;!--The namespace is added in /core2--&gt;
| template page = 
  {{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}}
  | sandbox
  | testcases = {{BASEPAGENAME}}
  | #default = {{PAGENAME}}
  }}

}}&lt;!--End of green doc box--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pg4ygru178lkhq95ozs9u1lnzxtnv7l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Template other</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3936</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25858</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T01:27:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch:   &lt;!--If no or empty &quot;demospace&quot; parameter then detect namespace--&gt;   {{#if:{{{demospace|}}}   | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }}    &lt;!--Use lower case &quot;demospace&quot;--&gt;   | {...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="515" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch:
  &lt;!--If no or empty &quot;demospace&quot; parameter then detect namespace--&gt;
  {{#if:{{{demospace|}}}
  | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }}    &lt;!--Use lower case &quot;demospace&quot;--&gt;
  | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:Template}}
    | template
    | other
    }}
  }}
| template = {{{1|}}}
| other
| #default = {{{2|}}}
}}&lt;!--End switch--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template}}
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;


[[Category:དཔེ་པང་།]]&lt;noinclude&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>3zvyxit81x8uuq1jzg3pic21p27qw1q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Documentation/core2</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3937</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25859</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T01:28:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{documentation/core | heading = {{{heading|¬}}}   &lt;!--Empty but defined means no header--&gt; | heading-style = {{{heading-style|}}} | content = {{{content|}}} | link box = {{{...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="930" xml:space="preserve">{{documentation/core
| heading = {{{heading|¬}}}   &lt;!--Empty but defined means no header--&gt;
| heading-style = {{{heading-style|}}}
| content = {{{content|}}}
| link box = {{{link box|}}}   &lt;!--So &quot;link box=off&quot; works--&gt;

| docpage = 
  {{#if: {{{1|}}}
  | {{{1|}}}
  | {{{docspace|{{NAMESPACE}}}}}:{{{template page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}/doc
  }}
| doc exist = 
  {{#ifexist: 
    {{#if: {{{1|}}}
    | {{{1|}}}   &lt;!--Other docname fed--&gt;
    | {{{docspace|{{NAMESPACE}}}}}:{{{template page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}/doc
    }}
  | yes
  }}
| docname fed =
  {{#if: {{{1|}}}
  | yes
  }}

| sandbox = 
  {{{docspace|{{NAMESPACE}}}}}:{{{template page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}/sandbox
| testcases = 
  {{{docspace|{{NAMESPACE}}}}}:{{{template page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}/testcases

| template page = 
  {{NAMESPACE}}:{{{template page|{{PAGENAME}}}}}

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tk360n0rs4wkbttxzztfoqo7wrgngzz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Documentation/core</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3938</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25860</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T01:28:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;!--   Start of green doc box --&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;template-documentation&quot; class=&quot;template-documentation iezoomfix&quot;&gt;&lt;!--   Add the heading at the top of the doc box: --&gt;{{#ifeq: {{{hea...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5817" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--
  Start of green doc box
--&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;template-documentation&quot; class=&quot;template-documentation iezoomfix&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
  Add the heading at the top of the doc box:
--&gt;{{#ifeq: {{{heading|¬}}} | &lt;!--Defined but empty--&gt;
| &lt;!--&quot;heading=&quot;, do nothing--&gt;
| &lt;div style=&quot;padding-bottom: 3px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; margin-bottom: 1ex;&quot;&gt;{{
  #if: {{{content|}}}
  | 
  | &lt;!--Add the [edit][purge] or [create] links--&gt;
    &lt;span class=&quot;editsection plainlinks&quot; id=&quot;doc_editlinks&quot;&gt;{{
    #if: {{{doc exist|yes}}}
    | [[{{fullurl:{{{docpage|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}}|action=edit}} edit]] [{{purge|purge}}] 
    | &lt;!--/doc doesn't exist--&gt;
      [[{{fullurl:{{{docpage|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}}| action=edit&amp;preload={{
        #ifeq: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} | {{ns:File}}
        | Template:Documentation/preload-filespace
        | Template:Documentation/preload
        }} }} create]]
    }}&lt;/span&gt;
  }} &lt;span style=&quot;{{#if: {{{heading-style|}}}
  | {{{heading-style|}}}
  | {{#ifeq: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} | {{ns:Template}}
    | font-weight: bold; font-size: 125%
    | font-size: 150%
    }}
  }}&quot;&gt;{{#switch: {{{heading|¬}}}
  | ¬ =   
    &lt;!--&quot;heading&quot; not defined in this or previous level--&gt;
    {{#switch: {{SUBJECTSPACE}} 
    | {{ns:Template}} = [[Image:Template-info.svg|50px|alt=]] Template documentation
    | {{ns:File}} = Summary
    | #default = Documentation
    }}
  | #default = 
    &lt;!--&quot;heading&quot; has data or is empty but defined--&gt;
    {{{heading|}}}
  }}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;!--
  Load the /doc content:
  Note: The line breaks between this comment and the if-case
  and between the if-case and the following div are necessary so 
  &quot;=== Headings ===&quot; at the start and end of docs are interpreted.
--&gt;
{{#if: {{{content|}}}
| {{{content|}}}
| {{#if: {{{doc exist|yes}}}
  | {{ {{{docpage|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}} }}
  }}
}}
&lt;div style=&quot;clear: both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--So right or left floating items don't stick out of the doc box.--&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!--End of green doc box--&gt;&lt;!--
  Link box below for the doc meta-data:
--&gt;{{#if: 
  &lt;!--Check if we should show the link box--&gt;
  {{#ifeq: {{{link box|}}} | off
  |
  | {{{doc exist|yes}}}{{
    #switch: {{SUBJECTSPACE}}
    | {{ns:User}}
    | {{ns:Template}} = yes
    }}
  }}

| {{fmbox
  | id = documentation-meta-data
  | image = none
  | style = background-color: #ecfcf4;
  | textstyle = font-style: italic;
  | text = 
    {{#if: {{{link box|}}}
    | {{{link box}}}   &lt;!--Use custom link box content--&gt;
    | {{#if: {{{doc exist|yes}}}
      | &lt;!--/doc exists, link to it--&gt;
        The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] is [[Wikipedia:Transclusion|transcluded]] from [[{{{docpage|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}}]]. &lt;small style=&quot;font-style: normal&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl:{{{docpage|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}}|action=edit}} edit] &amp;#124; [{{fullurl:{{{docpage|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}}|action=history}} history])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;br&gt;
      }}&lt;!-- 
        Add links to /sandbox and /testcases when appropriate:
   --&gt;{{#switch: {{SUBJECTSPACE}}
      | {{ns:User}}
      | {{ns:Template}} = 
        Editors can experiment in this template's {{
        #ifexist: {{{sandbox| {{FULLPAGENAME}}/sandbox }}}
        | [[{{{sandbox| {{FULLPAGENAME}}/sandbox }}}|sandbox]] &lt;small style=&quot;font-style: normal&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl: {{{sandbox| {{FULLPAGENAME}}/sandbox }}} | action=edit }} edit] {{!}} [{{fullurl:Wikipedia:pagediff | withJS={{urlencode:MediaWiki:Common.js/pagediff.js}}&amp;oldpage={{urlencode:{{{template page|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}&amp;newpage={{urlencode:{{{sandbox|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/sandbox}}}}}}} diff])&lt;/small&gt; 
        | sandbox &lt;small style=&quot;font-style: normal&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl: {{{sandbox| {{FULLPAGENAME}}/sandbox }}} | action=edit&amp;preload=Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox }} create])&lt;/small&gt; 
        }} and {{
        #ifexist: {{{testcases| {{FULLPAGENAME}}/testcases }}}
        | [[{{{testcases| {{FULLPAGENAME}}/testcases }}}|testcases]] &lt;small style=&quot;font-style: normal&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl: {{{testcases| {{FULLPAGENAME}}/testcases }}} | action=edit }} edit])&lt;/small&gt;
        | testcases &lt;small style=&quot;font-style: normal&quot;&gt;([{{fullurl: {{{testcases| {{FULLPAGENAME}}/testcases }}} | action=edit&amp;preload=Template:Documentation/preload-testcases }} create])&lt;/small&gt;
        }} pages. &lt;br&gt;
      }}&lt;!--
        Show the cats and interwiki text, but not 
        if &quot;content&quot; fed or &quot;docname fed&quot; since then it is 
        unclear where to add the cats and interwikis.
   --&gt;{{#if: {{{content|}}} {{{docname fed|}}}
      | 
      | Please add categories and interwikis to the [[{{{docpage|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}}|/doc]] subpage.
      }}&lt;!--
        Show the &quot;Subpages&quot; link:
   --&gt;{{#switch: {{SUBJECTSPACE}}
      | {{ns:File}} =   &lt;!--Don't show it--&gt;
      | {{ns:Template}} = &amp;#32;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{{template page|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}/|Subpages of this template]].
      | #default = &amp;#32;[[Special:PrefixIndex/{{{template page|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}/|Subpages of this page]].
      }}
    }}{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Print
     |&lt;/br&gt;A [[Help:Books/for experts#Improving the book layout|print version]] of this template exists at [[/Print]]. If you make a change to this template, please update the print version as well.[[Category:Templates with print versions]]
    }}
  }}
}}&lt;!--End link box--&gt;&lt;!--

  Detect and report strange usage:
--&gt;{{#if:

  &lt;!--Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded 
      on a /doc or /testcases page--&gt;
  {{#switch: {{SUBPAGENAME}}
  | doc
  | testcases = strange
  }}
  &lt;!--More checks can be added here, just return anything
      to make the surrounding if-case trigger--&gt;

| &lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage|{{main other|Main:}}{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]&lt;!-- Sort on namespace --&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>as2wzrt7iiqq91buzxr3zfcqx5ryqq5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Fmbox</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3939</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25861</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T01:29:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;table id=&quot;{{{id|}}}&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks fmbox {{#switch:{{{type|}}} | warning    = fmbox-warning | editnotice = fmbox-editnotice | system          &lt;!-- system = default --&gt; |...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1344" xml:space="preserve">&lt;table id=&quot;{{{id|}}}&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks fmbox
{{#switch:{{{type|}}}
| warning    = fmbox-warning
| editnotice = fmbox-editnotice
| system          &lt;!-- system = default --&gt;
| #default   = fmbox-system
}} {{{class|}}}&quot; style=&quot;{{{style|}}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{{image|}}}|none
| &lt;!-- No image. --&gt;
| &lt;td class=&quot;mbox-image&quot;&gt;
  {{#if:{{{image|}}}
  | {{{image}}}
  | [[File:{{#switch:{{{type|}}}
    | warning    = Cmbox deletion.png
    | editnotice = Imbox notice.png
    | system          &lt;!-- system = default --&gt;
    | #default   = Imbox notice.png
    }}|40x40px|link=|alt=]]
  }}&lt;/td&gt;
}}
&lt;td class=&quot;mbox-text&quot; style=&quot;{{{textstyle|}}}&quot;&gt; {{{text}}} &lt;/td&gt;
{{#if:{{{imageright|}}}
| &lt;td class=&quot;mbox-imageright&quot;&gt; {{{imageright}}} &lt;/td&gt;
}}
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;&lt;!-- 
  Detect and report usage with faulty &quot;type&quot; parameter:
--&gt;{{#switch:{{{type|}}}
|   &lt;!-- No type fed, is also valid input --&gt;
| warning
| editnotice
| system     =    &lt;!-- Do nothing, valid &quot;type&quot; --&gt;
| #default   = &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;This message box is using an invalid &quot;type={{{type|}}}&quot; parameter and needs fixing.&lt;/div&gt;[[Category:Wikipedia message box parameter needs fixing|{{main other|Main:}}{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]&lt;!-- Sort on namespace --&gt;
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{pp-template}}
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9pfs797we720x60rsh4m4ho6zq91ey1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Pp-template</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3940</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25862</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T01:29:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{pp-meta |type={{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}}    |semi    |autoconfir...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3278" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{pp-meta
|type={{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}}
   |semi
   |autoconfirmed=semi
   |administrator
   |full
   |sysop=indef
   |move=move
   |#default=indef&lt;!--fallback value--&gt;}}
|small={{{small|yes}}}
|demospace={{{demospace|}}}
|demolevel={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}/{{NAMESPACE}}|{{SUBPAGENAME}}/{{ns:Template}}|{{{demolevel|undefined}}}|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}}|sandbox|sysop|{{{demolevel|undefined}}}}}}}
|expiry=&lt;!--not applicable--&gt;
|dispute=no
|icon-text=This {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:6}}|image, included in a high-risk template or message,|high-risk template}} is indefinitely {{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}}
   |semi
   |autoconfirmed=semi-protected from editing
   |move=move-protected
   |administrator
   |full
   |sysop
   |#default=&lt;!--fallback value--&gt;protected from editing}} to prevent vandalism.
|reason-text=This {{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}
  |{{ns:image}}=image, used in one or more [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk templates]]{{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}
   |semi
   |autoconfirmed=
   |administrator
   |full
   |sysop=&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;and/or [[Special:Allmessages|system messages]],
   |#default=&lt;!--fallback value--&gt;}}
  |#default=[[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk template]]
}} has been [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|{{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}}
   |semi
   |autoconfirmed=semi-
   |move=move-
   |administrator
   |full
   |sysop&lt;!--uses default--&gt;
   |#default=&lt;!--fallback value--&gt;}}protected]]{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop||&lt;nowiki&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;from editing}} to prevent [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]. {{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}
   |semi
   |autoconfirmed=
   |administrator
   |full
   |sysop&lt;!--uses default--&gt;
   |#default={{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:image}}=&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''Do not move this image''' to [[commons:|Wikimedia Commons]].&lt;/small&gt;}}}}
|categories={{{categories|{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:10}}|{{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}-{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|-sysop|move|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}}}
   |semi
   |autoconfirmed=[[Category:Wikipedia semi-protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:move}}|sysop|[[Category:Wikipedia move-protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
   |move=[[Category:Wikipedia move-protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]
   |administrator
   |full
   |sysop&lt;!--uses default--&gt;
   |#default=[[Category:Wikipedia protected templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;!--fallback value--&gt;}}}}{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:6}}|[[Category:{{#switch:{{{demolevel|{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}}}}
   |semi
   |autoconfirmed=Semi-protected
   |administrator
   |full
   |sysop&lt;!--uses default--&gt;
   |#default=Protected&lt;!--fallback value--&gt;}} images|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{pp-template|categories=no}}  &lt;!-- Show the small version --&gt;
{{pp-template|small=no}}      &lt;!-- Show the large version --&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1ipu65hhems9v0eqwfw22uj8h4w3c9b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Start date</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3941</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25863</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T01:30:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if: {{{4|}}}   |{{#if: {{{5|}}}      |{{padleft:{{{4}}}|2|0}}:{{padleft:{{{5}}}|2|0}}{{#if: {{{6|}}}                                                    |&amp;#58;{...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1061" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if: {{{4|}}}
  |{{#if: {{{5|}}}
     |{{padleft:{{{4}}}|2|0}}:{{padleft:{{{5}}}|2|0}}{{#if: {{{6|}}}
                                                   |&amp;#58;{{padleft:{{{6}}}|2|0}} }},&amp;#32;}} }}&lt;!--ABOVE FOR TIME; BELOW FOR DATE
--&gt;{{#if: {{{1|}}}
     |{{#if: {{{2|}}}
        |{{#if: {{{3|}}}
           |{{#if: {{{df|}}}|{{#expr:{{{3}}}}}&amp;nbsp;{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}|{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}&amp;nbsp;{{#expr:{{{3}}}}},}}&amp;nbsp;{{{1}}}|{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}&amp;nbsp;{{{1}}}}}|{{{1}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{7|}}}
              |&amp;#32;({{#ifeq: {{{7}}}|Z|UTC|{{{7}}}}})}}&lt;!-- BELOW FOR hCalendar
--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;(&lt;span class=&quot;bday dtstart published updated&quot;&gt;{{#if: {{{1|}}}
  | {{{1}}}{{#if: {{{2|}}}
     | -{{padleft:{{{2}}}|2|0}}{{#if: {{{3|}}}
        | -{{padleft:{{{3}}}|2|0}} }} }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{4|}}}
     | T{{padleft:{{{4}}}|2|0}}{{#if: {{{5|}}}
        | &amp;#58;{{padleft:{{{5}}}|2|0}}{{#if: {{{6|}}}
           | &amp;#58;{{padleft:{{{6}}}|2|0}} }} }} }} }}{{{7|}}}&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>54fwv20s84ezu8i8wtmpuk7xe8rjb0i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:WEEKDAYNAME</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3942</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25865</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T01:38:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{WEEKDAYNUMBER|{{{1}}}}}|0=འབྲུག་གཟའ་མིག་དམར། |1=འབྲུག་གཟའ་ལྷག་པ།|2=...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="603" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#switch:{{WEEKDAYNUMBER|{{{1}}}}}|0=འབྲུག་གཟའ་མིག་དམར།
|1=འབྲུག་གཟའ་ལྷག་པ།|2=འབྲུག་གཟའ་ཕུརཔ།|3=འབྲུག་གཟའ་པ་སངས།|4=རེས་གཟའ་པ་སངས།|5=འབྲུག་གཟའ་ཉིམ།|6=འབྲུག་གཟའ་ཟླཝ།|Incorrect required parameter 1=''week day''!}}|Missing required parameter 1=''week day''!}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}
[[Category:Date-computing templates|WEEKDAYNAME]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fgsb2j9trhr910ly8zh7ef0ssovh2k0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events header</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3944</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25894</id>
      <parentid>25893</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:30:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1091" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div id=&quot;{{{1|0}}}_{{MONTHNAME|{{{2|0}}}}}_{{#expr:{{{3|0}}}*1}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;{{#ifexpr:{{{3|0}}}&lt;10|&lt;div id=&quot;{{{1|0}}}_{{MONTHNAME|{{{2|}}}}}_0{{#expr:{{{3|0}}}*1}}&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;}}
{| class=&quot;vevent&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:7px 0px; padding:2px; background-color:white; border:1px #cef2e0 solid;&quot;
|- 
|
{| cellspacing=0 width=100% style=&quot;background-color:#cef2e0&quot;
| align=&quot;left&quot; style=&quot;font-size:11pt; font-weight:bold; padding:5px; margin-left:0px; width:100%&quot;|{{Template:WEEKDAYNAME|{{JULIANDAY|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}}} {{#expr:{{{3|0}}}*1}} {{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}} {{{{{1}}}}} 
| style=&quot;text-align:right;font-weight:bold; padding:5px; margin-left:0px&quot;|&lt;small class=&quot;editlink noprint&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:Current events/{{{1|0}}}_{{MONTHNAME|{{{2|}}}}}_{{#expr:{{{3|0}}}*1}}|action=edit}} E]&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right;font-weight:bold; padding:5px; margin-left:0px&quot;|&lt;small class=&quot;editlink noprint&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:Current events/{{{1|0}}}_{{MONTHNAME|{{{2|}}}}}_{{#expr:{{{3|0}}}*1}}|action=history}} H]&lt;/small&gt;
|}
|-
| class=&quot;description&quot; |&lt;noinclude&gt;
|}
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nlx3x2xn8ejop76gfb4c8p6wh7riv9f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events header/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3945</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25879</id>
      <parentid>25875</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T03:11:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">{{Current events header|2007|2|1}}
|}</text>
      <sha1>khrv97tqr7xqq2614bm1d9nse2j42sw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:MONTHNUMBER</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3946</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25878</id>
      <parentid>25871</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T03:11:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1078" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}
 |{{#switch:{{lc:{{{1}}}}}
  |སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ།=1
  |སྤྱི་ཟླ་གཉིས་པ།=2
  |སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ།=3
  |སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཞི་པ།=4
  |སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པ།=5
  |སྤྱི་ཟླ་དྲུག་པ།=6
  |སྤྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པ།=7
  |སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པ།=8
  |སྤྱི་ཟླ་དགུ་པ།=9
  |སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་པ།=10
  |སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ།=11
  |སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ།=12
  |{{#ifexpr:{{{1}}}&lt;0
   |{{#ifexpr:(({{{1}}})round 0)!=({{{1}}})
    |{{#expr:12-(((0.5-({{{1}}}))round 0)mod 12)}}
    |{{#expr:12-(((11.5-({{{1}}}))round 0)mod 12)}}
   }}
  |{{#expr:(((10.5+{{{1}}})round 0)mod 12)+1}}
  }}
 }}
 |Missing required parameter 1=''month''!
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>a6peu6xg0oby8lje2uwfxwdln2mhnwo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:JULIANDAY</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3947</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25872</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T02:50:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{{{subst|}}}#expr:(((({{{1|}}})*12+({{{2|1}}})+57608.5 round 0)/12-1.5 round 0)*1461/4-0.5 round 0)-(((({{{1|}}})*12+({{{2|1}}})+5760...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="520" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{{{{subst|}}}#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{{{subst|}}}#expr:(((({{{1|}}})*12+({{{2|1}}})+57608.5 round 0)/12-1.5 round 0)*1461/4-0.5 round 0)-(((({{{1|}}})*12+({{{2|1}}})+57608.5 round 0)/12-1.5 round 0)/100-0.5 round 0)+(((({{{1|}}})*12+({{{2|1}}})+57608.5 round 0)/12-1.5 round 0)/400-0.5 round 0)+(((({{{2|1}}})+57608.5 round 0)mod 12+4)*153/5-0.5 round 0)+({{{3|1}}})+({{{4|12}}})/24+({{{5|0}}})/1440+({{{6|0}}})/86400-32167.5}}|Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>03m8ttuwbg155p2if16d1kdv7holotu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:2007</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3948</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25890</id>
      <parentid>25876</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:12:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" xml:space="preserve">༢༠༠༧</text>
      <sha1>lu2zq4q3b2i3zgznx8r0vbolr0h0usv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events/Month Inclusion</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3949</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25877</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T03:08:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 1 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 1}}}}&lt;!-- --&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 2 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 2}...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2919" xml:space="preserve">{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 1 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 1}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 2 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 2}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 3 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 3}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 4 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 4}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 5 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 5}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 6 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 6}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 7 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 7}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 8 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 8}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 9 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 9}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 10 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 10}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 11 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 11}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 12 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 12}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 13 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 13}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 14 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 14}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 15 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 15}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 16 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 16}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 17 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 17}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 18 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 18}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 19 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 19}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 20 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 20}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 21 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 21}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 22 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 22}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 23 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 23}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 24 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 24}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 25 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 25}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 26 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 26}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 27 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 27}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 28 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 28}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 29 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 29}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 30 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 30}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 31 |{{Template:Current events/{{{1}}} 31}}}}</text>
      <sha1>qy84brx2cub2w3ddces0n8n8jjmx9bq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༣༠༡༦</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3950</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25887</id>
      <parentid>25886</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:06:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 2016]] to [[སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༣༠༡༦]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="85" xml:space="preserve">{{Current events/Month Inclusion|2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ།}}</text>
      <sha1>3xhakjh0xz2w63zxjfrftinwapmhv87</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 1</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3951</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25884</id>
      <parentid>25881</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T03:20:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[Template:Current events header/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 1]] to [[Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 1]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">{{Current events header|2016|3|1}}
|}</text>
      <sha1>jayvcgn4oo2wk6b4zgz53otd794e03u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:2016</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3952</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25889</id>
      <parentid>25882</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:08:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12" xml:space="preserve">༣༠༡༦</text>
      <sha1>e9qi4etnvs5q8ffsecv9ka2lg5eubzd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events header/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 1</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3953</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 1" />
    <revision>
      <id>25885</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T03:20:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[Template:Current events header/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 1]] to [[Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 1]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="90" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 1]]</text>
      <sha1>95hln1feq2p3gkn98s7e5jmxjhvfb4h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 2016</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3954</id>
    <redirect title="སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༣༠༡༦" />
    <revision>
      <id>25888</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:06:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 2016]] to [[སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༣༠༡༦]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="72" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༣༠༡༦]]</text>
      <sha1>rb25ed3tp60zp0q941qwt7x5it8ynu3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2017</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3955</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༡༧" />
    <revision>
      <id>25896</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:31:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[2017]] to [[༢༠༡༧]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༡༧]]</text>
      <sha1>eqjidwg0c3213nayz1855bcifse4y6i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2018</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3956</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༡༨" />
    <revision>
      <id>25898</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:31:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[2018]] to [[༢༠༡༨]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༡༨]]</text>
      <sha1>r5d4kb1jhhm943iva4wnklkqn6iiurl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2019</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3957</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༡༩" />
    <revision>
      <id>25900</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:32:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[2019]] to [[༢༠༡༩]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༡༩]]</text>
      <sha1>sb6vhb449tcs90eb2qnj4ja5au5o8ge</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༢༠</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3958</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28743</id>
      <parentid>28202</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-01-19T17:01:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>НСНУ</username>
        <id>8801</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="418" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==

[[Category:ལོ་གྲངས]]</text>
      <sha1>mn6l842tw494v5rbpq8phdwt42gb15a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༢༡</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3959</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25918</id>
      <parentid>25902</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T08:38:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="305" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] : 

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
[[Category:༢༠༢༡]]</text>
      <sha1>l6mg3edmxtan69iy364m607wg2ns4jc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 2</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3960</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25903</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:35:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Current events header|2016|3|2}} |}&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">{{Current events header|2016|3|2}}
|}</text>
      <sha1>n3fjr7vdpt4v9vy8ghtt20wuc1zt1ax</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 3</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3961</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25904</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:35:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Current events header|2016|3|3}} |}&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">{{Current events header|2016|3|3}}
|}</text>
      <sha1>i5erbuz40zd5nqbahdfqlfm1tkejy4o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 4</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3962</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25905</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:35:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Current events header|2016|3|4}} |}&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">{{Current events header|2016|3|4}}
|}</text>
      <sha1>c0b6jleo4ramv7oex35o7v9fikrzlx3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 5</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3963</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25906</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:36:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Current events header|2016|3|5}} |}&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">{{Current events header|2016|3|5}}
|}</text>
      <sha1>dho4djrbgov8yl1rh8s26uav2tjw2vp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 6</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3964</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25907</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:36:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Current events header|2016|3|6}} |}&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">{{Current events header|2016|3|6}}
|}</text>
      <sha1>mrm8fnwynfxzyze977x48mf5rg70jma</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 7</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3965</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25909</id>
      <parentid>25908</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:37:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ།་་7]] to [[Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 7]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">{{Current events header|2016|3|7}}
|}</text>
      <sha1>5n8uht2bdwl8rumqtc5nhxn3kfctip3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ།་་7</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3966</id>
    <redirect title="Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 7" />
    <revision>
      <id>25910</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:37:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ།་་7]] to [[Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 7]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="90" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 7]]</text>
      <sha1>oeebf055v0ad5qfyczavwwmp7tx9nm8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 8</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3967</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25911</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:37:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Current events header|2016|3|8}} |}&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">{{Current events header|2016|3|8}}
|}</text>
      <sha1>6hkl0rbl4xdu4jqty0zxubs81ysuwvc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Current events/2016 སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། 9</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3968</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25912</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T05:38:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Current events header|2016|3|9}} |}&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">{{Current events header|2016|3|9}}
|}</text>
      <sha1>1c6dcx4x4v48qgj3g1d940m97y2cix3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨཱོས་ཊི་ཡ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3969</id>
    <redirect title="ཨས་ཊི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>25917</id>
      <parentid>25916</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T08:26:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨས་ཊི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>4n5oj0fdx7ke6qw2x2pz8pvrathatoi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Flag</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3970</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25919</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T08:49:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{country data {{{1|}}}|flag/core|name={{{name|{{{1|}}}}}}|variant={{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}}|size={{{size|}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="148" xml:space="preserve">{{country data {{{1|}}}|flag/core|name={{{name|{{{1|}}}}}}|variant={{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}}|size={{{size|}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ofumtldgk38cy4vntgy93o2oniuxo2q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Country data</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3971</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25920</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T08:49:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{ {{{1}}} | alias = | flag alias = Flag placeholder.svg | name = {{{name|}}} | size = {{{size|}}} | border= | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} }}&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinc...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="180" xml:space="preserve">{{ {{{1}}} | alias = | flag alias = Flag placeholder.svg | name = {{{name|}}} | size = {{{size|}}} | border= | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} }}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>obam3fhi5bs4jqcwbc2rnhzd5yfx1d5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Flag/core</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3972</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25921</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T08:51:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;File:{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{#if:{{{flag alias|}}}|{{{flag alias}}}|Flag placeholder.svg}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|23x15px}}|{{{border-{...&quot;</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Country data United States</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <timestamp>2017-12-30T23:14:08Z</timestamp>
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| alias = ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས 
| flag alias = Flag of the United States.svg
| alt attribute = Flag of the United States
| flag alias-1776 = Grand Union Flag.svg
| flag alias-1777 = US flag 13 stars – Betsy Ross.svg
| flag alias-1795 = US flag 15 stars.svg
| flag alias-1818 = US flag 20 stars.svg
| flag alias-1819 = US flag 21 stars.svg
| flag alias-1820 = US flag 23 stars.svg
| flag alias-1822 = US flag 24 stars.svg
| flag alias-1836 = US flag 25 stars.svg
| flag alias-1837 = US flag 26 stars.svg
| flag alias-1845 = US flag 27 stars.svg
| flag alias-1846 = US flag 28 stars.svg
| flag alias-1847 = US flag 29 stars.svg
| flag alias-1848 = US flag 30 stars.svg
| flag alias-1851 = US flag 31 stars.svg
| flag alias-1858 = US flag 32 stars.svg
| flag alias-1859 = US flag 33 stars.svg
| flag alias-1861 = US flag 34 stars.svg
| flag alias-1863 = US flag 35 stars.svg
| flag alias-1865 = US flag 36 stars.svg
| flag alias-1867 = US flag 37 stars.svg
| flag alias-1877 = US flag 38 stars.svg
| flag alias-1890 = US flag 43 stars.svg
| flag alias-1891 = US flag 44 stars.svg
| flag alias-1896 = US flag 45 stars.svg
| flag alias-1908 = US flag 46 stars.svg
| flag alias-1912 = US flag 48 stars.svg
| flag alias-1959 = US flag 49 stars.svg
| flag alias-air force = Flag of the United States Air Force.svg
| name alias-football = ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས 
| link alias-football = 
| name alias-basketball = USA
| link alias-basketball = United States {{{mw|men's}}} national basketball team
| link alias-field hockey = United States {{{mw|men's}}} national field hockey team
| link alias-ice hockey = United States national {{{mw|men's}}} ice hockey team
| size = {{{size|}}}
| name = {{{name|}}}
| altlink = {{{altlink|}}}
| altvar = {{{altvar|}}}
| variant = {{{variant|}}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;
| var1 = 1912
| var2 = 1959
| redir1 = USA
| redir2 = US
| redir3 = United States of America
| redir4 = U.S.
| redir5 = ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས 
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    <title>Template:Country showdata</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot; Register to attend Wikimania, our Wikimedia community conference. Deadline to propose posters, discussions, and trainings is March 30th! Close [Help with translations!] Editi...&quot;</comment>
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Register to attend Wikimania, our Wikimedia community conference.
Deadline to propose posters, discussions, and trainings is March 30th!
Close [Help with translations!]
Editing Template:Country showdata
Manage TemplateDataInformation about TemplateData
	When making major changes to this template please be sure to update its documentation.
	Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages.
Note: This page has been semi-protected so that only autoconfirmed users can edit it. If you need any help getting started with editing, see the New contributors' help page.
17:45, 19 January 2007 Ligulem (talk | contribs) protected Template:Country showdata (semiprotect [edit=autoconfirmed:move=sysop]) (hist)
Content that violates any copyrights will be deleted. Encyclopedic content must be verifiable. Work submitted to Wikipedia can be edited, used, and redistributed—by anyone—subject to certain terms and conditions.
BoldItalicLinkEmbedded fileReferenceAdvancedSpecial charactersHelp
HeadingFormatBulleted listNumbered listNo wiki formattingNew lineBigSmallSuperscriptSubscriptInsertPicture galleryRedirectTableSearch and replace

&lt;includeonly&gt;__NOEDITSECTION__
{{documentation|content=&lt;code&gt;Template:{{PAGENAME}}&lt;/code&gt; is an internal data container not intended to be transcluded directly. It is used indirectly by templates such as &lt;code&gt;[[Template:flag|flag]]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;[[Template:flagicon|flagicon]]&lt;/code&gt;, and others.

{{ombox|text=This template is within the scope of '''[[Wikipedia:WikiProject Flag Template|WikiProject Flag Template]]''', a collaborative effort to maintain flag templates on Wikipedia.  A more thorough discussion of the flag template system, including parameters not described here, can be found on the project page.}}

[[File:{{{flag alias|Flag of None.svg}}}|thumb|{{#if:{{{flag link|}}} | See also: [[{{{flag link}}}]] | {{#ifexist: Flag of {{{alias}}} | See also: [[Flag of {{{alias}}}]] | }} }}]]
===Standard parameters===
&lt;table class=&quot;wikitable&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Parameter name&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Value&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Meaning&lt;/th&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;alias&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{#if: {{{alias|}}} | &lt;code&gt;{{{alias}}}&lt;/code&gt; | &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;'''undefined!'''&lt;/span&gt; }}
&lt;td&gt;Main article name ([[{{{alias}}}]])&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} |
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;shortname alias&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{shortname alias}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;''(optional)'' Display name to be used for the wikilink, if &lt;code&gt;alias&lt;/code&gt; is a disambiguated article name, for example&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
}}
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;flag alias&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;{{#if: {{{flag alias|}}} | &lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias}}}&lt;/code&gt; | &lt;span style=&quot;color:red&quot;&gt;'''undefined!'''&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Image name ([[:File:{{{flag alias}}}]], shown on right)&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
{{#if: {{{var1|{{{flag alias-naval|}}}}}} |
===Flag variants===
{{#if:{{{flag link|}}} | {{details|{{{flag link}}}}} | {{#ifexist: Flag of {{{alias}}} | {{details|Flag of {{{alias}}}}} | }} }}
{{#ifeq:{{{variant|♦}}}|♦|{{red|Note: These variants cannot be used unless the line &lt;code&gt;{{!}} variant {{=}} {{(((}}variant{{!}}{{)))}}&lt;/code&gt; is added to this template.}}}}
&lt;table class=&quot;wikitable&quot;&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Label&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Flag image (40px)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;Image name&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if: {{{var1|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var1}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var1}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var1}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var2|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var2}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var2}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var2}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var3|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var3}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var3}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var3}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var4|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var4}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var4}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var4}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var5|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var5}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var5}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var5}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var6|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var6}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var6}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var6}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var7|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var7}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var7}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var7}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var8|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var8}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var8}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var8}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var9|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var9}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var9}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var9}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
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--&gt;{{#if: {{{var11|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var11}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var11}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var11}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var11}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var12|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var12}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var12}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var12}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var12}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var13|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var13}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var13}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var13}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var13}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var14|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var14}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var14}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var14}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var14}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var15|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var15}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var15}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var15}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var15}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var16|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var16}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var16}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var16}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var16}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var17|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var17}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var17}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var17}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var17}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var18|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var18}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var18}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var18}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var18}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var19|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var19}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var19}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var19}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var19}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var20|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var20}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var20}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var20}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var20}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var21|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var21}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var21}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var21}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var21}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
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--&gt;{{#if: {{{var23|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var23}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var23}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var23}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var23}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var24|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var24}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var24}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var24}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var24}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var25|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var25}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var25}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var25}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var25}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var26|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var26}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var26}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var26}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var26}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var27|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var27}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var27}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var27}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var27}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var28|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var28}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var28}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var28}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var28}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var29|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var29}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var29}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var29}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var29}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var30|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var30}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var30}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var30}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var30}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var31|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var31}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var31}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var31}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var31}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var32|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var32}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var32}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var32}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var32}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var33|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var33}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var33}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var33}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var33}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var34|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var34}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var34}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var34}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var34}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var35|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var35}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var35}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var35}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var35}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var36|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var36}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var36}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var36}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var36}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var37|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var37}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var37}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var37}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var37}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var38|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var38}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var38}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var38}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var38}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var39|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var39}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var39}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var39}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var39}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{var40|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{var40}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-{{{var40}}}}}}|40px|{{{border-{{{var40}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-{{{var40}}}}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;naval&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-naval}}}|40px|{{{border-naval|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-naval}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{flag alias-air force|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;air force&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-air force}}}|40px|{{{border-air force|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-air force}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{flag alias-army|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;army&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[File:{{{flag alias-army}}}|40px|{{{border-army|{{{border|border}}}}}}]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{flag alias-army}}}&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
}}
{{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}}{{{link alias-naval|}}}{{{flag alias-air force|}}}{{{link alias-air force|}}}{{{flag alias-army|}}}{{{link alias-army|}}} |
===Military ensigns===
{{#if: {{{flag alias-naval|}}} |
This template includes a naval ensign flag variant that can be used with [[Template:Navy]]:
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{navy|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{navy|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagicon|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;|naval}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}|naval}}
| {{#if: {{{link alias-naval|}}} |
This nation's naval ensign is the same as its national flag, so [[Template:Navy]] produces the following:
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{navy|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{navy|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}
}}}}
{{#if: {{{flag alias-air force|}}} |
This template includes an air force ensign flag variant that can be used with [[Template:Air force]]:
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{air force|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{air force|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagicon|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;|air force}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}|air force}}
| {{#if: {{{link alias-air force|}}} |
This nation's air force ensign is the same as its national flag, so [[Template:Air force]] produces the following:
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{air force|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{air force|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}
}}}}
{{#if: {{{flag alias-army|}}} |
This template includes an army ensign flag variant that can be used with [[Template:Army]]:
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{army|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{army|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagicon|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;|army}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}|army}}
| {{#if: {{{link alias-army|}}} |
This nation's army ensign is the same as its national flag, so [[Template:Army]] produces the following:
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{army|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{army|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}
}}}} }}
{{#if: {{{redir1|}}} |
===Redirect aliases===
This template can also be used via an ''alias'' name (implemented as a redirect to this template):&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;table class=&quot;wikitable&quot;&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;Alias name&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;{{tlx|flag|''alias''}} output&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;{{tlx|flagcountry|''alias''}} output&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
{{#if: {{{redir1|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{redir1}}}&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:Country data {{{redir1}}}|redirect=no}} view]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flag|{{{redir1}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{redir2|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{redir2}}}&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:Country data {{{redir2}}}|redirect=no}} view]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flag|{{{redir2}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flagcountry|{{{redir2}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{redir3|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{redir3}}}&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:Country data {{{redir3}}}|redirect=no}} view]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flag|{{{redir3}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flagcountry|{{{redir3}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{redir4|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{redir4}}}&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:Country data {{{redir4}}}|redirect=no}} view]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flag|{{{redir4}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flagcountry|{{{redir4}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{redir5|}}} | &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;code&gt;{{{redir5}}}&lt;/code&gt; (&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Template:Country data {{{redir5}}}|redirect=no}} view]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flag|{{{redir5}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{flagcountry|{{{redir5}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
See [{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere/{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}|hidelinks=1&amp;hidetrans=1}} What links here] for a full list of redirects.
}}
===Example usage===
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flag|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flag|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagicon|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{shortname alias|}}} |
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagcountry|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagcountry|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}} }}
{{#if: {{{var1|}}} |
====Using a flag variant====
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flag|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{var1}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flag|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}}
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagicon|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{var1}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagicon|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}|{{{var1}}}}}
}}
{{#if: {{{redir1|}}} |
====Using a redirect alias====
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagicon|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{redir1}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagicon|{{{redir1}}}}}
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flagcountry|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{redir1}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flagcountry|{{{redir1}}}}}
* &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{flag|&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{{redir1}}}&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{flag|{{{redir1}}}}}
}}
{{#if: {{{related1|}}} |
===Related templates===
Please see the following related &lt;code&gt;country_data&lt;/code&gt; templates:
* [[Template:Country data {{{related1}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute; left:33em;&quot;&gt;{{flag|{{{related1}}}&lt;!-- {{#if:{{{related1param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related1param}}}}} --&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{related2|}}} |
* [[Template:Country data {{{related2}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute; left:33em;&quot;&gt;{{flag|{{{related2}}}&lt;!-- {{#if:{{{related2param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related2param}}}}} --&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{related3|}}} |
* [[Template:Country data {{{related3}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute; left:33em;&quot;&gt;{{flag|{{{related3}}}&lt;!-- {{#if:{{{related3param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related3param}}}}} --&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{related4|}}} |
* [[Template:Country data {{{related4}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute; left:33em;&quot;&gt;{{flag|{{{related4}}}&lt;!-- {{#if:{{{related4param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related4param}}}}} --&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{related5|}}} |
* [[Template:Country data {{{related5}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute; left:33em;&quot;&gt;{{flag|{{{related5}}}&lt;!-- {{#if:{{{related5param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related5param}}}}} --&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if: {{{related6|}}} |
* [[Template:Country data {{{related6}}}]]&lt;span style=&quot;position:absolute; left:33em;&quot;&gt;{{flag|{{{related6}}}&lt;!-- {{#if:{{{related6param|}}}|{{!}}{{{related6param}}}}} --&gt;}}&lt;/span&gt; }}&lt;!--
--&gt;}}
{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc |
{{#if:{{Suppress categories|{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}}}|
===Other information===
}}
{{{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc|alias={{{alias|}}}|cat={{{cat|}}}}}
}}

===TemplateData===
{{TemplateDataHeader}}
&lt;templatedata&gt;
{
  &quot;description&quot;: &quot;This template should not be used directly. It is used indirectly by flag templates such as Template:Flag and Template:Flagicon. See Category:Flag template system for a full list of flag templates and Wikipedia:WikiProject Flag Template for further documentation.&quot;,
  &quot;params&quot;: {}
}
&lt;/templatedata&gt;

{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:Template}}|&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox|&lt;!--
  --&gt;[[Category:Country data template sandboxes|{{{cat|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}}]]|&lt;!--
  --&gt;{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc|&lt;!--
    --&gt;[[Category:Country data templates with documentation subpage|{{{cat|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}}]]|&lt;!--
    --&gt;[[Category:Uncategorized country data templates|{{{cat|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}}]]&lt;!--
    --&gt;}}&lt;!--
  --&gt;{{#if:{{{size|}}}|[[Category:Country data templates with distinct default size|{{{cat|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}}]]&lt;!--
    --&gt;}}&lt;!--
  --&gt;[[Category:All country data templates|{{{cat|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}}]]&lt;!--
  --&gt;{{#if:{{{shortname alias|}}}|&lt;!--
    --&gt;[[Category:Country data templates with distinct shortname|{{{cat|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}}]]&lt;!--
    --&gt;}}&lt;!--
  --&gt;{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Country data {{{alias}}}||&lt;!--
    --&gt;{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|Country data {{{shortname alias}}}||&lt;!--
      --&gt;[[Category:Country data templates with distinct template name|{{{cat|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}}}}]]&lt;!--
      --&gt;}}&lt;!--
    --&gt;}}&lt;!--
    --&gt;{{#if:{{{flag alias|}}}||&lt;!--
      --&gt;[[Category:Country data templates without flag alias|{{{templatename|{{Str right|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|13}}}}}]]&lt;!--
      --&gt;}}&lt;!--
    --&gt;{{#if:{{{templatename|}}}|[[Category:Country data templates with templatename parameter|{{{cat|{{{templatename|}}}}}}]]}}&lt;!--
  --&gt;}}&lt;!--
--&gt;}}
|link box=This is the documentation for '''Template:{{PAGENAME}}'''. It is automatically generated by [[Template:Country showdata]].&lt;br /&gt;Please {{purge|purge the cache}} after making any changes to this template.&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc|&lt;!--
  --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This template has a [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc|/doc]] subpage for the purposes of [[WP:CAT|categories]] and documentation specific to this template.|&lt;!--
  --&gt;{{#switch:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}|sysop|templateeditor=&lt;!--
    --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This template is [[WP:PROTECT|{{#ifeq:{{PROTECTIONLEVEL:edit}}|sysop|fully protected|template-protected}}]] and any [[WP:CAT|categories]] should be added to the template's [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc|action=edit&amp;preload=Template:Country_showdata/preload}} /doc] subpage, which is not protected.|#default=&lt;!--
    --&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Any [[WP:CAT|categories]] should be added to the template's [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc|action=edit&amp;preload=Template:Country_showdata/preload}} /doc] subpage, which does not exist yet.&lt;!--
  --&gt;}}&lt;!--
--&gt;}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;

  – — ° ′ ″ ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · §   Sign your posts on talk pages: [[User:Pitpisit|Pitpisit]] ([[User talk:Pitpisit|talk]]) ༠༨:༥༥, ༣༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ། ༢༠༡༦ (UTC)   Cite your sources: &lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
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      <sha1>7a640i9tvlszruqy7805tstzbuky8qq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Flagcountry</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>3975</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25926</id>
      <parentid>25925</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T09:47:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[แม่แบบ:Flagcountry]] to [[Template:Flagcountry]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="146" xml:space="preserve">{{country data {{{1}}}|flagcountry/core|variant={{{variant|{{{2|}}}}}}|size={{{size|}}}|name={{{name|}}}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>s25s6cnwqhpfa977bsj98mmq5j89k5e</sha1>
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    <title>Template:Flagcountry/core</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <id>25928</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T09:47:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;span class=&quot;flagicon&quot;&gt;File:{{{flag alias-{{{variant}}}|{{{flag alias}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{size|}}}|{{{size}}}|23x15px}}|{{{border-{{{variant}}}|{{{border|border}}}}}} |alt=|link=...&quot;</comment>
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    <title>༢༠༢༢</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>25931</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T22:50:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། == * [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : * [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :   == བྱ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="305" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] : 

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
[[Category:༢༠༢༢]]</text>
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    <title>༢༠༢༣</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ladsgroup</username>
        <id>3602</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverting botnet vandalism attack ([[phab:T302047]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="305" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] : 

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
[[Category:༢༠༢༣]]</text>
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    <title>༢༠༢༤</title>
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      <timestamp>2016-03-30T22:52:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། == * [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : * [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :   == བྱ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="305" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] : 

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
[[Category:༢༠༢༤]]</text>
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    <title>༢༠༢༥</title>
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      <timestamp>2016-03-30T22:52:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། == * [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : * [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :   == བྱ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="305" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] : 

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
[[Category:༢༠༢༥]]</text>
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    <title>༢༠༢༧</title>
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      <timestamp>2016-03-30T22:53:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། == * [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : * [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :   == བྱ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="305" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] : 

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
[[Category:༢༠༢༧]]</text>
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    <title>༢༠༢༨</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3984</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25936</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T22:53:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། == * [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : * [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :   == བྱ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="305" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] : 

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
[[Category:༢༠༢༨]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>༢༠༢༦</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3985</id>
    <revision>
      <id>25937</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-30T22:55:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། == * [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : * [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :   == བྱ་...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="305" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] : 

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
[[Category:༢༠༢༦]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bhumibol Adulyadej</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3986</id>
    <redirect title="ཕུམིཕོན་ཨདོནཡཨདེཏ" />
    <revision>
      <id>25953</id>
      <parentid>25939</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-04-01T13:50:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ཕུམིཕོན་ཨདོནཡཨདེཏ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཕུམིཕོན་ཨདོནཡཨདེཏ]]</text>
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    <title>ཕུམིཕོལ་ཨདོལཡདེཏ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3987</id>
    <redirect title="ཕུམིཕོན་ཨདོནཡཨདེཏ" />
    <revision>
      <id>25954</id>
      <parentid>25947</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-04-01T13:50:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ཕུམིཕོན་ཨདོནཡཨདེཏ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཕུམིཕོན་ཨདོནཡཨདེཏ]]</text>
      <sha1>0zo4uw9jlt6o4rck2ckdzvtxy2jvimy</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ཕུམིཕོན་ཨདོལཡདེཏ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3988</id>
    <redirect title="ཕུམིཕོན་ཨདོནཡཨདེཏ" />
    <revision>
      <id>25949</id>
      <timestamp>2016-03-31T22:32:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pitpisit moved page [[ཕུམིཕོན་ཨདོལཡདེཏ]] to [[ཕུམིཕོན་ཨདོནཡཨདེཏ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཕུམིཕོན་ཨདོནཡཨདེཏ]]</text>
      <sha1>0zo4uw9jlt6o4rck2ckdzvtxy2jvimy</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>༡༩༩༩</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3989</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28157</id>
      <parentid>28124</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Pitpisit|Pitpisit]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="239" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==</text>
      <sha1>p6alpb8mjif7l5kncdp9f46bqx3boze</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>༢༠༠༩</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3993</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28149</id>
      <parentid>28132</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="405" xml:space="preserve">
== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
{{translate}}{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>nie26ik2d4nrwv4bbjfba5tppba6g83</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༡༠</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3994</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28148</id>
      <parentid>28133</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="405" xml:space="preserve">
== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འཇིགས་མེད་ཁེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
{{translate}}{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>nie26ik2d4nrwv4bbjfba5tppba6g83</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2011</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3995</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༡༡" />
    <revision>
      <id>25991</id>
      <parentid>25973</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-05-21T13:56:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Wolverène</username>
        <id>3965</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>did you see that?</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༡༡]]</text>
      <sha1>6e5stpep60jffk15wfmy7w9rk538mfg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༠༥</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3996</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28151</id>
      <parentid>28130</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="451" xml:space="preserve">
== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
{{translate}}{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>krm1br6l6n3teru85itqmfwfgdayn9d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༠༤</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3997</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28152</id>
      <parentid>28129</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="451" xml:space="preserve">
== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
{{translate}}{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>krm1br6l6n3teru85itqmfwfgdayn9d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༠༣</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3998</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28153</id>
      <parentid>28128</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="451" xml:space="preserve">
== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
{{translate}}{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>krm1br6l6n3teru85itqmfwfgdayn9d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༠༢</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>3999</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28154</id>
      <parentid>28127</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="451" xml:space="preserve">
== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
{{translate}}{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>krm1br6l6n3teru85itqmfwfgdayn9d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༠༡</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4000</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28155</id>
      <parentid>28126</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="451" xml:space="preserve">
== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
{{translate}}{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>krm1br6l6n3teru85itqmfwfgdayn9d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༢༠༠༠</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4001</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28376</id>
      <parentid>28156</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-02-22T20:42:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2001:16A2:C044:FF8E:94A0:4215:9136:FA30</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>كيف حال يا قلبي</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="456" xml:space="preserve">2000

== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] : [[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་]]
* [[སྲིད་བློན།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==
{{translate}}{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>b8muzwvvmy4sjxrg9k1aiy8dcktar6o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2002</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4005</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༠༢" />
    <revision>
      <id>25995</id>
      <timestamp>2016-05-21T13:59:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Wolverène</username>
        <id>3965</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ghiutun moved page [[2002]] to [[༢༠༠༢]]: revert if I'm wrong</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༠༢]]</text>
      <sha1>qs36okgvy4mc9mr3f8qotgog32jrd6f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2000</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4014</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༠༠" />
    <revision>
      <id>26007</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-18T09:27:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dcljr</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Dcljr moved page [[2000]] to [[༢༠༠༠]]: move to title using dz numerals to discourage creation of year articles using Hindu-Arabic numerals</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༠༠]]</text>
      <sha1>9jmfp7zkra1rri2anjmdhnwl6qbkafz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2001</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4015</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༠༡" />
    <revision>
      <id>26009</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-18T09:27:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dcljr</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Dcljr moved page [[2001]] to [[༢༠༠༡]]: move to title using dz numerals to discourage creation of year articles using Hindu-Arabic numerals</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༠༡]]</text>
      <sha1>dqrwc13uv6sbhw8zycwo804lzixyr4h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2003</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4016</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༠༣" />
    <revision>
      <id>26011</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-18T09:27:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dcljr</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Dcljr moved page [[2003]] to [[༢༠༠༣]]: move to title using dz numerals to discourage creation of year articles using Hindu-Arabic numerals</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༠༣]]</text>
      <sha1>j7adhm2wpuqvacx9s5rgakl6consf1y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2004</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4017</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༠༤" />
    <revision>
      <id>26013</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-18T09:27:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dcljr</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Dcljr moved page [[2004]] to [[༢༠༠༤]]: move to title using dz numerals to discourage creation of year articles using Hindu-Arabic numerals</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༠༤]]</text>
      <sha1>0jj3qaji74ed4iwlej9t2edcs0tswkf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2005</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4018</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༠༥" />
    <revision>
      <id>26015</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-18T09:27:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dcljr</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Dcljr moved page [[2005]] to [[༢༠༠༥]]: move to title using dz numerals to discourage creation of year articles using Hindu-Arabic numerals</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༠༥]]</text>
      <sha1>rznrczvptgemhyf3gf7tkj7419u5cs2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2009</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4019</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༠༩" />
    <revision>
      <id>26017</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-18T09:27:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dcljr</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Dcljr moved page [[2009]] to [[༢༠༠༩]]: move to title using dz numerals to discourage creation of year articles using Hindu-Arabic numerals</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༠༩]]</text>
      <sha1>6lg2ippsq93yo1p8qlz5jrgjv9l1nwl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2010</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4020</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༡༠" />
    <revision>
      <id>26019</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-18T09:27:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dcljr</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Dcljr moved page [[2010]] to [[༢༠༡༠]]: move to title using dz numerals to discourage creation of year articles using Hindu-Arabic numerals</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༡༠]]</text>
      <sha1>d2jkmdi6jqek2xh1wk4h155mq5hrt9i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2013</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4021</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༡༣" />
    <revision>
      <id>26021</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-18T09:28:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dcljr</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Dcljr moved page [[2013]] to [[༢༠༡༣]]: move to title using dz numerals to discourage creation of year articles using Hindu-Arabic numerals</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༡༣]]</text>
      <sha1>3lvb7183oeq7nmgefw1ykhmsdstjfa9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>2014</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4022</id>
    <redirect title="༢༠༡༤" />
    <revision>
      <id>26023</id>
      <timestamp>2016-06-18T09:28:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dcljr</username>
        <id>43</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Dcljr moved page [[2014]] to [[༢༠༡༤]]: move to title using dz numerals to discourage creation of year articles using Hindu-Arabic numerals</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[༢༠༡༤]]</text>
      <sha1>oi04ff8rdtup1we21w7ags5o79fxq10</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:VisualEditor</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>4052</id>
    <redirect title="mw:VisualEditor/Portal" />
    <revision>
      <id>26073</id>
      <timestamp>2016-08-24T11:53:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Elitre (WMF)</username>
        <id>4539</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+announcement</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal]]</text>
      <sha1>fwlhvdv8wxn4jdiu3oqdvu08biqygxj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨཱཎཨཎཌྷཨ་མཨཧཨིདོན</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4058</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26090</id>
      <parentid>26089</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-09-28T00:13:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="231" xml:space="preserve">[[File:King Ananda Mahidol portrait photograph.jpg|thumb]]
'''ཨཱཎཨཎཌྷཨ་མཨཧཨིདོན་'''ལྡན་ནི།་མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།་ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ  

{{stub}} </text>
      <sha1>ch5bh8duov13jl0wuw1qivjx52dr5n9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>པོ་ལེནཌི</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4060</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28182</id>
      <parentid>26815</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-15T08:24:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Minorax</username>
        <id>7070</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fix lint error</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="773" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=400 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''''པོ་ལེནཌི ''&lt;br /&gt;''Polska '''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Poland.svg|125px|]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Herb Polski.svg|105px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Poland in European Union.svg|250px]]
|}
'''པོ་ལེནཌི '''
* Commons:[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Poland]

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:པོ་ལེནཌི |*]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:པོ་ལེནཌི</title>
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      <id>26934</id>
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      <timestamp>2018-06-04T07:40:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="147" xml:space="preserve">Commons: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Poland]

[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ</title>
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    <redirect title="བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ་" />
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      <id>26978</id>
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      <timestamp>2018-06-05T01:11:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ་]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ་]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ཕིན་ལེནཌ</title>
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      <timestamp>2018-06-03T21:09:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
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      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཕིན་ལེནཌ་]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཕིན་ལེནཌ་]]</text>
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    <redirect title="ཕརཱནསི་" />
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      <timestamp>2018-06-03T21:04:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
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      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཕརཱནསི་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཕརཱནསི་]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>27737</id>
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      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1164" xml:space="preserve">{{translate}}

'''ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ'''


[[File:Europe-Iceland.svg|right|500px]]

[[ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་]]
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Iceland sat cleaned.png|Combined satellite image of Iceland
Image:Iceland satellite.jpg|NASA satellite image of Iceland
Image:Satellite image of Iceland in September.jpeg|Iceland on [[September 9]] [[2002]]
Image:Nasa image of iceland, faroes and hebrides.jpg|Iceland, the [[Faroe Islands|Faroes]] and [[:en:Hebrides|Hebrides]].
Image:NASA_Photo_Grímsvötn_Nov._2004.jpg|Grímsvötn eruption Nov. 2004
Image:Map of Iceland.svg|A map of Iceland with major geographical features marked
File:Iceland position144.png|Iceland between Scandinavia, British Islands, and Greenland
Image:CIA Factbook map of Iceland.png|CIA Factbook map of Iceland
Image:Kärtchen_von_Island.jpg|Historical map of Iceland (1888)
Image:Iceland Mid-Atlantic Ridge Fig16.gif|Mid-Atlantic Rigde
File:Abraham Ortelius-Islandia-ca 1590.jpg|Iceland in 1590, Ortelius
&lt;/gallery&gt;


* Commons:[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dsland]


{{translate}}
{{stub}}

[[Category:ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>༡༩༧༣</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4066</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28158</id>
      <parentid>28123</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Ruslik0|Ruslik0]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="388" xml:space="preserve">== ཨེ་ཤེ་ཡ་གླིང་ཆེན། ==

== ཨ་ཧྥེ་རི་ཁ་གླིང་ཆེན། ==

== ཨ་མི་རི་ཁ་ལྷོ་གླིང་། ==

== ལྷོ་སྣེ་གླིང་། ==

== ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་ཆེན། ==

== གསར་གཏོད། ==
{{Commons|January 2016|जनवरी २०१६}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>༡༩༠༠</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4067</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28159</id>
      <parentid>28122</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Rachmat04|Rachmat04]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="275" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==

[[Category:ལོ་གྲངས]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Year nav</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4068</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26107</id>
      <timestamp>2016-10-20T10:24:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>5022</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; ! style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | [[Millennium]]:  | {{dr|y|m|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|0|ys}} |- ! style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | List of...&quot;</comment>
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! style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | [[Millennium]]: 
| {{dr|y|m|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|0|ys}}
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | [[List of centuries|Centuries]]: 
| &lt;!--
--&gt; {{dr|y|c|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|-1|ys}}&lt;!--
--&gt; – '''{{dr|y|c|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|0|ys}}''' –&lt;!--
--&gt; {{dr|y|c|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|1|ys}}
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | [[List of decades|Decades]]: 
| &lt;small&gt; &lt;!--
--&gt; {{dr|y|d|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|-3|ys}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--
--&gt; {{dr|y|d|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|-2|ys}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--
--&gt; {{dr|y|d|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|-1|ys}}&amp;nbsp;&lt;!--
--&gt; – {{dr|y|d|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|0|ys}} –&lt;!--
--&gt; &amp;nbsp;{{dr|y|d|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|1|ys}}&lt;!--
--&gt; &amp;nbsp;{{dr|y|d|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|2|ys}}&lt;!--
--&gt; &amp;nbsp;{{dr|y|d|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|3|ys}} &lt;/small&gt;
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; | [[List of years|Years]]:
| &lt;!--
--&gt; {{dr|y|y|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|-3|{{#ifexpr:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}&lt;13|ysa|ys}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt; {{dr|y|y|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|-2|{{#ifexpr:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}&lt;13|ysa|ys}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt; {{dr|y|y|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|-1|{{#ifexpr:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}&lt;13|ysa|ys}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt; – '''{{dr|y|y|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|0|{{#ifexpr:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}&lt;13|ysa|ys}}}}''' –&lt;!--
--&gt; {{dr|y|y|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|1|{{#ifexpr:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}&lt;13|ysa|ys}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt; {{dr|y|y|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|2|{{#ifexpr:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}&lt;13|ysa|ys}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt; {{dr|y|y|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}|3|{{#ifexpr:{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}&lt;13|ysa|ys}}}}
|}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Dr</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4069</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26108</id>
      <timestamp>2016-10-20T10:24:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{dr-make|{{dr-logno|{{dr-yr|{{{3}}}|{{{1}}}}}|{{{4|0}}}|{{{2}}}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{5|}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
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{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <ns>10</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>26109</id>
      <timestamp>2016-10-20T10:25:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#switch:{{{2}}}|y={{#switch:{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;-729}}{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;1}}{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;2070}}|111={{drep |{{#expr:1-{{{1}}}}}|{{{3|}}}b}}|011={{drep |{{#expr:1-{{...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2486" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#switch:{{{2}}}|y={{#switch:{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;-729}}{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;1}}{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;2070}}|111={{drep |{{#expr:1-{{{1}}}}}|{{{3|}}}b}}|011={{drep |{{#expr:1-{{{1}}}}}|y{{{3|}}}b}}|001={{drep|{{{1}}}|y{{{3|}}}}}|000={{drep |{{{1}}}|{{{3|}}}}}}}|d={{#switch:{{{1}}}|10|20|30|40|50|60|70|80|90|100|110|120|130|140|150|160|170|180|190|200={{drep|{{{1}}}0s|y{{{3|}}}|{{{1}}}0s (decade)}}|-11|-21|-31|-41|-51|-61|-71|-81|-91|-101|-111|-121|-131|-141|-151|-161|-171|={{drep|{{#expr:-{{{1}}}-1}}0s|y{{{3|}}}bd|{{#expr:-{{{1}}}-1}}0s}}|{{#switch:{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;-180}}{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;-1 }}{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;0}}{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;1}}{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;210}}|11111={{drep |{{#expr:-1-{{{1}}}}}0s|{{{3|}}}b}}|01111={{drep |{{#expr:-1-{{{1}}}}}0s|y{{{3|}}}b}}|00111={{drep|0s|y{{{3|}}}b}}|
00011={{drep|0s|y{{{3|}}}}}|00001={{drep|{{{1}}}0s|y{{{3|}}}}}|00000={{drep|{{{1}}}0s|{{{3|}}}}}}}}}|c={{#switch:{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;-39}}{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;1}}{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;31}}|111={{drep |{{ordinal|{{#expr: 1-{{{1}}}}}}}&amp;nbsp;century|{{{3|}}}b|{{ordinal|{{#expr: 1-{{{1}}}}}}} century}}|011={{drep|{{ordinal|{{#expr: 1-{{{1}}}}}}}&amp;nbsp;century|y{{{3|}}}b|{{ordinal|{{#expr: 1-{{{1}}}}}}} century}}|001={{drep |{{ordinal|{{{1}}}}}&amp;nbsp;century|y{{{3|}}}|{{ordinal|{{{1}}}}} century}}|000={{drep |{{ordinal|{{{1}}}}}&amp;nbsp;century|{{{3|}}}|{{ordinal|{{{1}}}}} century}}}}|m={{#switch:{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;-9}}{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;1}}{{#expr:{{{1}}}&lt;11}}|111={{drep |{{ordinal|{{#expr: 1-{{{1}}}}}}}&amp;nbsp;millennium|{{{3|}}}b|{{ordinal|{{#expr: 1-{{{1}}}}}}} millennium}}|011={{drep|{{ordinal|{{#expr: 1-{{{1}}}}}}}&amp;nbsp;millennium|y{{{3|}}}b|{{ordinal|{{#expr: 1-{{{1}}}}}}} millennium}}|001={{drep |{{ordinal|{{{1}}}}}&amp;nbsp;millennium|y{{{3|}}}|{{ordinal|{{{1}}}}} millennium}}|000={{drep |{{ordinal|{{{1}}}}} millennium|{{{3|}}}|{{ordinal|{{{1}}}}} millennium}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation|content=Produces a representation of a logically-numbered year/decade/century/millennium (first parameter). Second para is y/d/c/m. Representation style depends on the third parameter:
*(parameter empty or absent): links to the year if it has an article (not a redirect)
*y: always links
*n: never links 
*t: produces simple text (no no-break spaces etc.), e.g. for use in category names
*s: displays AD or BC in small capitals
*a: adds AD if not BC
*ys, ya, ysa, ns, na, nsa, sa: permitted combinations of above options

Used by {{tl|dr}}.

[[Category:Historical period subtemplates|Dr-make]]
}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <ns>10</ns>
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      <id>26111</id>
      <timestamp>2016-10-20T10:29:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pitpisit</username>
        <id>5022</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}&lt;noinclude&gt;  {{documentation}} &lt;!-- Categories go in the /doc subpage, and interwikis go in Wikidata. --&gt; &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="145" xml:space="preserve">{{#invoke:Infobox|infobox}}&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Categories go in the /doc subpage, and interwikis go in Wikidata. --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>༡༨༠༠</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4072</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28829</id>
      <parentid>28827</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-19T10:20:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>TheresNoTime</username>
        <id>8867</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Undid edits by [[Special:Contribs/152.12.30.166|152.12.30.166]] ([[User talk:152.12.30.166|talk]]) to last version by Ladsgroup</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="275" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==

[[Category:ལོ་གྲངས]]</text>
      <sha1>ac9otrm57do7ks352aptc8t44gt6s0g</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>༡༨༠༡</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4073</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28162</id>
      <parentid>28119</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Willy1018|Willy1018]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="285" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==

{{stub}}

[[Category:ལོ་གྲངས]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>༡༨༠༢</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4074</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28161</id>
      <parentid>28120</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Pitpisit|Pitpisit]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="285" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==

{{stub}}

[[Category:ལོ་གྲངས]]</text>
      <sha1>m6mmv8eh0wd30gj6hlr62de8wym1hx5</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>༡༨༠༣</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4075</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28160</id>
      <parentid>28121</parentid>
      <timestamp>2020-03-06T04:48:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>XXBlackburnXx</username>
        <id>6596</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF]] ([[User talk:2600:1700:1E0:6B2F:E45D:DE68:94A6:EAEF|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Pitpisit|Pitpisit]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="285" xml:space="preserve">== དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང༌། ==
* [[མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ།]] :

== བྱ་སྒོ། ==

== སྐྱེ་ནི། ==

== འཆི་བ། ==

== ཁ་སྐོང༌། ==

{{stub}}

[[Category:ལོ་གྲངས]]</text>
      <sha1>m6mmv8eh0wd30gj6hlr62de8wym1hx5</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཌེན་མཱཀ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4076</id>
    <redirect title="ཌེན་མཱཀ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26882</id>
      <parentid>26123</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:53:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཌེན་མཱཀ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཌེན་མཱཀ་]]</text>
      <sha1>fn4ncx4ax20bkwtqv3gz2afe30hhcjf</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ཀུརོ་ཤི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4077</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28821</id>
      <parentid>28809</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-19T03:05:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ladsgroup</username>
        <id>3602</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverting botnet vandalism attack ([[phab:T302047]])</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="847" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''''ཀུརོ་ཤི་ཡ''&lt;br /&gt;''Republika Hrvatska'''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Croatia.svg|125px|]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Croatia.svg|105px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Croatia in European Union.svg|250px]]
|}
'''ཀུརོ་ཤི་ཡ'''
* Commons:[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hrvatska]

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཀུརོ་ཤི་ཡ|*]]
[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>3fex9j6l9qjx10ptwl0qeaoaly1tabu</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4078</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28819</id>
      <parentid>28807</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-19T03:05:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ladsgroup</username>
        <id>3602</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverting botnet vandalism attack ([[phab:T302047]])</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="893" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''''ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ''&lt;br /&gt;''Éire'''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Ireland.svg|125px|]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Coat of arms of Ireland.svg|105px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Ireland in European Union.svg|250px]]
|}
'''ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ'''


[[ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ་]]

* Commons:[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ireland]

{{Europe}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ|*]]
[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>འབྲུག་གི་དངུལ་ཀྲམ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4080</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-03-13T03:31:28Z</timestamp>
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        <ip>180.251.156.71</ip>
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      <text bytes="801" xml:space="preserve">དངུལ་ཀྲམ་འདི་འབྲུག་གི་ཤོག་དངུལ་གྱི་མིང.ཨིན། དངུལ་ཀྲམ་༡་གི་ཕྱེད་ཏམ་༡༠༠་ཅི་ཨིན།འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཞུང་དངུལ་ལས་དབང་འཛིན་གྱི་ཐ་ལ་དང་དངུལ་ཀྲམ་ཛོ་ཀྲུན་ཚུ་བདག་འཛིན་སྦེཝ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གི་དངུལ་ཀྲམ་འདི་རྒྱ་གར་གི་རུ་པི་དང་དངུལ་ཤུག་འདྲན་འདྲ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། 
[[Category:Articles containing Dzongkha-language text]]
[[Category:Articles containing Dzongkha-language text]]
{{Stub}}</text>
      <sha1>l1kjne7rg9mc9y5nppa64mxlszgz7kx</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:WAM</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
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      <timestamp>2016-10-27T14:10:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AddisWang</username>
        <id>5362</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;div style=&quot;width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="907" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;&quot;&gt;{{{header|header}}}&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; &quot;&gt;
{{{subheader|subheader}}}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color:#f0f0f0; padding: 16px; margin-top: -15px;  font-size: 18px; font-weight: 200; line-height: 30px; &quot;&gt;
{{{body|{{lorem ipsum}}}}}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding: 10px; padding-left: 20px; &quot;&gt;
{{{footer|{{lorem ipsum}}}}}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8wqjelejk0rr477jiofavmwio89j5d5</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:Lorem ipsum</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4083</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26132</id>
      <timestamp>2016-10-27T14:10:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AddisWang</username>
        <id>5362</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#switch: {{lc:{{{1|}}}}} | date = 7 Decembris 43 a.C.n. | user = [[:w:la:Marcus Tullius Cicero|Orator:Marcus Tullius Cicero Imperator]] | link = s:Lorem ipsum | url = {{FULL...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5648" xml:space="preserve">{{#switch: {{lc:{{{1|}}}}}
| date = 7 Decembris 43 a.C.n.
| user = [[:w:la:Marcus Tullius Cicero|Orator:Marcus Tullius Cicero Imperator]]
| link = s:Lorem ipsum
| url = {{FULLURL:s:Lorem ipsum}}
| name = Lorem ipsum
| short = Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit.
| 1 | line = Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
| 2 = Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.&lt;br /&gt; Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
| 3 = Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.&lt;br /&gt; Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.&lt;br /&gt; Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.
| 4 = Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.&lt;br /&gt; Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.&lt;br /&gt; Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.&lt;br /&gt; Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
| p | #default = Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
| text   = '''[[:s:Lorem ipsum|Lorem ipsum]]''' dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisici elit, sed eiusmod tempor incidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequat. Quis aute iure reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint obcaecat cupiditat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

―――

Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat.

Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis at vero eros et accumsan et iusto odio dignissim qui blandit praesent luptatum zzril delenit augue duis dolore te feugait nulla facilisi.

Nam liber tempor cum soluta nobis eleifend option congue nihil imperdiet doming id quod mazim placerat facer possim assum. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit, sed diam nonummy nibh euismod tincidunt ut laoreet dolore magna aliquam erat volutpat. Ut wisi enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exerci tation ullamcorper suscipit lobortis nisl ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
Duis autem vel eum iriure dolor in hendrerit in vulputate velit esse molestie consequat, vel illum dolore eu feugiat nulla facilisis.

At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, At accusam aliquyam diam diam dolore dolores duo eirmod eos erat, et nonumy sed tempor et et invidunt justo labore Stet clita ea et gubergren, kasd magna no rebum. sanctus sea sed takimata ut vero voluptua. est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat.

Consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet.
: — ''Opera sine nomine scripta'', [[:w:la:Cicero|Orator:Marcus Tullius Cicero Imperator]].
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ཨྀཊ་ལི</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4084</id>
    <redirect title="ཨྀཊ་ལི་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26876</id>
      <parentid>26133</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:31:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨྀཊ་ལི་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨྀཊ་ལི་]]</text>
      <sha1>fsdryx7xu6t539a97pnqtbjjrk0zmdh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4085</id>
    <redirect title="ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ།" />
    <revision>
      <id>27082</id>
      <parentid>26926</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T16:14:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Перенёс и объединил с ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ།</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ།]]</text>
      <sha1>2o5lftnv1l1keb8ef0jjkeiivn96sr9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4090</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28405</id>
      <parentid>27272</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-04-28T05:58:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2A00:23C6:3704:D301:F4D4:C2F2:4C52:F8F9</ip>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="962" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;'''''བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག''&lt;br /&gt;''Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'''''&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|125px|]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Emblem of Turkey.svg|105px]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[File:Turkey (orthographic projection).svg|250px]]
|}

[[File:Turkey (orthographic projection).svg|right|300px]]
[[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|right|border|150px]]


༡ '''བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག''' ༢ བྱ་དེ་གི་ཤ།


* Commons: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Türkiye]


{{Asia}}

{{Europe}}

[[Category:བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག| ]]

{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>རོན་དོ་ནི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4091</id>
    <redirect title="རོན་དོ་ནིཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26155</id>
      <timestamp>2016-12-05T13:24:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Wolverène</username>
        <id>3965</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[རོན་དོ་ནིཡ་]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[རོན་དོ་ནིཡ་]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Turkey</title>
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    <id>4092</id>
    <redirect title="བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག" />
    <revision>
      <id>26159</id>
      <timestamp>2016-12-08T09:52:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[Turkey]] to [[བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Category:ཅི་ལེ</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4093</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26864</id>
      <parentid>26167</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T19:33:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
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      <text bytes="63" xml:space="preserve">{{catmain|ཅི་ལེ}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
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  <page>
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    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4094</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26177</id>
      <parentid>26176</parentid>
      <timestamp>2016-12-08T11:06:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 26176 by [[Special:Contributions/Impro|Impro]] ([[User talk:Impro|talk]])</comment>
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      <text bytes="720" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;rellink&quot; id=&quot;catmore&quot;&gt;''{{#ifexist:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}|Основная статья: '''[[{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1|}}}{{!}}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{#invoke:wikitext|nodis|{{{1|}}}}}}}|{{PAGENAME}}{{!}}{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{#invoke:wikitext|nodis|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}}]]'''''&lt;/div&gt;|У этой категории нет основной статьи — '''[[{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}]]'''. Вы поможете проекту, если напишете её''.&lt;/div&gt;{{#if:{{{nocat|}}}||{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:14}}|[[Категория:Википедия:Категории без основных статей]]}}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ཊོ་ཀི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4099</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27742</id>
      <parentid>27670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Impro|Impro]]</comment>
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[[File:Tokyo Montage 2015.jpg|thumb|ཊོ་ཀི་ཡ]]

'''ཊོ་ཀི་ཡ''', [[ཇཱ་པཱན།]]།

[[Category:གྲོང་􀮣]]
[[Category:ཇཱ་པཱན]]

{{Stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ཀི་ཡ་ཊོ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4100</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27740</id>
      <parentid>27672</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:68.191.37.27|68.191.37.27]]</comment>
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[[File:Kyoto01.jpg|thumb|ཀི་ཡ་ཊོ]]

'''ཀི་ཡ་ཊོ''', [[ཇཱ་པཱན།]]།

[[Category:གྲོང་􀮣]]

{{Stub}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཡོ་ཀོ་ཧ་མ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4101</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27734</id>
      <parentid>27678</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T12:47:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/113.249.63.95|113.249.63.95]] ([[User talk:113.249.63.95|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Ruslik0|Ruslik0]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="185" xml:space="preserve">{{Translate}}

[[File:Japan Yokohama.png|thumb|ཡོ་ཀོ་ཧ་མ]]

'''ཡོ་ཀོ་ཧ་མ''', [[ཇཱ་པཱན།]]།

[[Category:གྲོང་􀮣]]

{{Stub}}</text>
      <sha1>bqz8v9wwr65afi7bmwfsai3bqiw7qzb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བེ་ལིཛ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4104</id>
    <redirect title="བེ་ལིཛ" />
    <revision>
      <id>26202</id>
      <timestamp>2017-02-10T15:14:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Khu'hamgaba Kitap</username>
        <id>5403</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Khu'hamgaba Kitap moved page [[བེ་ལིཛ།]] to [[བེ་ལིཛ]]: Addition of full stop</comment>
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      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བེ་ལིཛ]]</text>
      <sha1>rbw6euyon4exbxgym9h76w0q1v7utw4</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མཚན་མཐུན་དགའ་རོགས་སྒྲིག་པ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4111</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28701</id>
      <parentid>28700</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-12-28T06:00:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>7063</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="696" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Male Couple With Child-02.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Just married (9178119295).jpg|thumb]]
[[File:World laws pertaining to homosexual relationships and expression.svg|thumb|National laws&lt;br&gt;
{{legend|#025|Marriage}}
{{legend|#06F|Other partnerships}}
{{legend|#decd87|Laws against expression}}
{{legend|#f9dc36|Fines or prison (not applied)}}
{{legend|#ec8028|Fines or prison}}
{{legend|#c63|Death penalty (not applied)}}
{{legend|#800000|Death penalty}}
]]
[[File:LGBT rights at the UN.svg|thumb|UN declarations on LGBT rights&lt;br&gt;
{{legend|#5b92e5|Supporting (2008 or 2011)}}
{{legend|#aa0000|In opposition}}
]]
'''མཚན་མཐུན་དགའ་རོགས་སྒྲིག་པ།'''</text>
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  <page>
    <title>མེ་མཁའ་རྒྱ་མཚོ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4112</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28594</id>
      <parentid>28559</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-10-10T15:18:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 28559 by [[Special:Contributions/Estcot|Estcot]] ([[User talk:Estcot|talk]])-</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12235" xml:space="preserve">“མེ་མཁའ་རྒྱ་མཚོ”ཞེས་པ་ནི་གྲངས་ཀ་ངེས་ཅན་ཞིག་མཚོན་བྱེད་ཀྱི་མིང་བརྡ་ཞིག་རེད། གྲངས་ཀྱི་མངོན་བརྗོད་ལྟར་ན་མེ་ནི་གསུམ་དང་མཁའ་ནི་སྟོང་བ་སྟེ་ཐིག་དང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ནི་བཞི་ཡི་མིང་གི་རྣམ་གྲངས་སུ་བཤད་པས་མེ་མཁའ་བསྡོམས་པས་གྲངས་༤༠༣འཐོབ་པ་ཡིན། འོ་ན་རིམ་པ་ལྟར་བཀླགས་ན༣༠༤མ་ཡིན་ནམ་ཞེ་ན། བདེན་མོད། གྲངས་ཀྱི་མངོན་བརྗོད་ནི་བཟློག་སྟེ་ཀློག་དགོས་པས་༣༠༤ལ་ངོས་འཛོན་མི་རུང་ངོ། ། “འབྲི་བགྲང་སྣོན་པ་རང་གི་གཡས། སྒྱུར་བགོད་འཕྲི་བ་གཡོན་ལ་བརྩམ”ཞེས་རྩིས་ཀྱི་རྩ་ཚིག་ན་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་རོ། ། ཤམྦྷ་ལའི་རིགས་ལྡན་རྒྱལ་བོ་བཅུ་བ་དང་བཅུ་གཅིག་པས་སྲིད་བསྐྱངས་པའི་ཡུན་ནི་བསྡོམས་ན་བཞི་བརྒྱ་དང་གསུམ་ཟིན་པས་ཕྱིས་སུ་རིགས་ལྡན་རྒྱལ་བོ་དེ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལོ་བསྡོམས་གྲངས་མཚོན་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཐ་སྙད་དུ་གྱུར་ཏོ། ། དེས་ས་ཤམྦྷ་ལའི་རིགས་ལྡན་བརྩི་ཚུལ་ནི་གང་གི་ལུགས་ཞེ་ན། དཔལ་དུས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོའི་ལུགས་སོ། ནམ་བྱུང་ཞེ་ན། སྟོན་པ་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པས་དགུང་ལོ་གྱ་གཅིག་(འདི་ལོར་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས)སྟེང་ཤམྦྷ་ལའི་རྒྱལ་བོ་ཟླ་བ་བཟང་པོ་སོགས་ལ་དུས་འཁོར་རྩ་རྒྱུད་གསུངས་པ་ནས་མགོ་ཚུགས་པ་ཡིན་ནོ། །དེང་གི་མཁས་པའི་དབང་བོ་འཇིགས་མེད་རིགས་པའི་བློ་གྲོས་ཀྱི&lt;&lt;བོད་གངས་ཅན་གྱི་སྒྲ་རིག་པའི་བསྟན་བཅོས&gt;&gt;ནང་དུ“བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པས་དགུང་ལོ་གྱ་གཅིག་པ་དཔའ་བོ་ལྕགས་འབྲུག་གི་ནག་ཟླའི་ཉ་ལ་དུས་འཁོར་གྱི་རྒྱུད་གསུངས་པ་ཤམྦྷ ་ལའི་རྒྱལ་བོ་ཟླ་བཟང་གིས་ཉན་ཏེ་ལོ་བཞིར་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་བསྐྱངས”ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་དེ་ནི། བསྡུས་རྒྱུད་ལས“ལོ་འདི་ནས་ནི་དྲུག་བརྒྱའི་ལོ་ཡིས་གསལ་བར་མི་བདག་གྲགས་པ་ཤམྦྷ་ལ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་འབྱུང”ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་དང་ཕལ་ཆེར་མཐུན་ནོ། ། ཁོང་གི་བཞེད་ལུགས་ལྟར་སྟོན་པའི་འདས་ལོ་ནི་སྤྱི་ལོ་མ་ཚུགས་སྔོན་གྱི་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་གྱ་གཅིག་ལོ་ལ་ངེས། འོན་ཀྱང་ཀུན་མཁྱེན་འཇམ་དབྱངས་བཞད་པའི་བསྟན་རྩིས་དང་སུམ་པ་ཡེ་ཤེས་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་དཔག་བསམ་ལྗོན་པར་གསལ་བ་ལྟར་ན། སྟོན་པས་དུས་འཁོར་རྩ་རྒྱུད་གསུངས་པའི་ལོ་ནི་མངོན་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་ཕྱི་ལོ་སྟེ་དགུང་ལོ་སོ་དྲུག་སྟེང་ཡིན་གྱི་མཐར་ཞི་བར་གཤེགས་པའི་ལོ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ་ཟེར་ཡང་། དེ་ལྟར་ན་བསྡུས་རྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ལུང་དང་འགལ་བས་སྔ་མ་གཙིགས་ཆེའོ་སྙམ། སྤྱིར་དཔལ་དུས་འཁོར་ལོའི་ལུགས་ལྟར་ན་སྟོན་པས་དུས་འཁོར་རྩ་རྒྱུད་གསུངས(སྤྱི་ལོ་སྔོན་གྱི་༨༨༢)ནས་ལོ་གཉིས་པར་ཤམྦྷ་ལའི་རྒྱལ་བོ་ཟླ་བཟང་གིས་རྒྱུད་སྟོང་ཕྲག་བཅུ་གཉིས་པའི་འགྲེལ་བ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་དྲུག་ཅུ་བ་མཛད། ཟླ་བཟང་གི་རྗེས་སུ་རྒྱལ་བོ་དྲུག་གིས་ལོ་བརྒྱ་བརྒྱ་ལ་ཆོས་བསྟན། དེ་དག་ནི་རིམ་པར་བརྗོད་ན། རྒྱལ་བོ་ལྷ་དབང་། གཟི་བརྗིད་ཅན། ཟླ་བས་བྱིན། ལྷའི་དབང་ཕྱུག སྣ་ཚོགས་གཟུགས། ལྷའི་དབང་ལྡན་ཏེ་དྲུག་པོ་ལོ་དྲུག་བརྒྱར་བཞུགས། ཟླ་བཟང་སོགས་བདུན་པོ་ལ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བདུན་ཞེས་གྲགས་སོ། ། དེ་རྗེས་རིགས་ལྡན་ཐོག་མ་འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་ནི་སྟོན་པས་རྩ་རྒྱུད་གསུངས་པའི་ལོ་དེ་ནས་ནི་དྲུག་བརྒྱ་དང་བཞི་སོང་བའི་ལོར་ཤམྦྷ་ལའི་ཁྲིར་བཞུགས། བསྡུས་རྒྱུད་མཛད་ཅིང་དུས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོའི་དབང་བསྐུར་བས་དྲང་སྲོང་ཉི་མ་ཤིང་རྟ་སོགས་ཐམས་ཅད་རྡོ་རྗེ་རིགས་གཅིག་ལ་མཛད་པས་འདི་ཕྱིན་ལ་རིགས་ལྡན་ཞེས་གྲགས་སོ། ། རིགས་ལྡན་འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་ནས་གཉིས་པ་པདྨ་དཀར་པོ། གསུམ་པ་བཟང་པོ(བཟང་པོའི་ཁྲི་ལོ་དོན་བརྒྱད་པ་ལ་སྤྱི་ལོའི་མགོ་ཚུགས)། བཞི་བ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ། ལྔ་བ་བཤེས་གཉེན་བཟང་པོ། དྲུག་པ་རིན་ཆེན་ཕྱག བདུན་པ་ཁྱབ་འཇུག་སྦས་པ། བརྒྱད་པ་ཉི་མ་གྲགས། དགུ་བ་ཤིན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ་སོགས་ནི་རེ་རེས་སྲིད་ལོ་བརྒྱ་བརྒྱ་བསྐྱངས་པས་ལོ་དགུ་བརྒྱ། དེ་ནས་རིགས་ལྡན་བཅུ་བ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ལོ་བརྒྱ་དང་གྱ་གཉིས་ལ་ཆོས་བསྟན་པ་དང་། བཅུ་གཅིག་པ་རྒྱལ་དཀས་ལོ་ཉིས་བརྒྱ་དང་ཉེར་གཅིག་བསྟན་པས། རིགས་ལྡན་དེ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ཆོས་བསྟན་པའི་ཡུན་ཚད་བསྡོམས་པས་བཞི་བརྒྱ་དང་གསུམ་བྱུང་བ་ནི་མེ་མཁའ་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་ལོར་བཞག་པ་དེ་ཡིན་ནོ། དེ་ནས་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ་ཉི་མ་(མེ་མཁའ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་རྫོགས་པའི་ཕྱི་ལོ་སྟེ་རིགས་ལྡན་ཉི་མའི་ཁྲི་ལོ་དང་པོ་དང་སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༠༢༧ནས་རབ་བྱུང་དང་པོའི་མགོ་ཚུགས)། བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་གཟུགས། བཅུ་བཞི་བ་ཟླ་འོད། བཅོ་ལྔ་བ་མཐའ་ཡས། བཅུ་དྲུག་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་། བཅུ་བདུན་པ་དཔལ་སྐྱོང་། བཅོ་བརྒྱད་པ་སེང་གེ། བཅུ་དགུ་བ་རྣམ་གནོན། ཉི་ཤུ་བ་སྟོབས་པོ་ཆེ། ཉེར་གཅིག་པ་མ་འགགས་པ། ཉེར་གཉིས་པ་མི་ཡི་སེང་གེ། ཉེར་གསུམ་པ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ། ཉེར་བཞི་བ་མཐའ་ཡས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཏེ། དེ་དག་ཀྱང་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་བའི་ཡུན་ཚད་བརྒྱ་རེ་བརྒྱ་རེ་ཡིན་ནོ། དེ་ནས་ཉེར་ལྔ་བ་དྲག་པོ་འཁོར་ལོ་ཅན་ཏེ། འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་ནས་འདིའི་བར་ཤམྦྷ་ལའི་རིགས་ལྡན་ཉེར་ལྔར་གྲགས་སོ། གཞན་ཡང་རྒྱལ་བོ་ཟླ་བཟང་ནས་དྲག་པོ་འཁོར་ལོ་ཅན་བར་ལ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་སོ་གཉིས་སུ་བགྲང་བའི་སྲོལ་ཡང་ཡོད་དོ། དྲག་པོ་འཁོར་ལོ་ཅན་ནི་ལོ་ལྔ་བཅུ་ཙམ་བཞེས་པ་ན་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་དག་སྦྱིན་བྱ་བར་ཀླ་ཀློའི་རྒྱལ་བོ་རྒྱལ་ཕྲན་གོ་དྲུག་དང་བཅས་བྱུང་ནས་ཤམྦྷ་ལར་དམད་འདྲེན་པར་རྩོམ་པ་དེ་དྲག་པོས་བཅོམ་སྟེ་དུས་བཞི(རྫོགས་ལྡན་གསུམ་ལྡན་གཉིས་ལྡན་རྩོད་ལྡན)ཕྱི་མའི་རྫོགས་ལྡན་གྱི་མགོ་ཚུགས་ཞེས་སྔོན་བྱོན་མཁས་པ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་བཞེད་ཚུལ་མཐུན་ནོ། ། ད་ལྟ་རང་རེའི་བོད་ཀྱི་མཁས་པ་ཚོས་གཙིགས་སུ་འཛིན་པའི་ཕུག་ལུགས་ལྟར་ན་སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༨༠སྟེ་རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་དྲུག་པའི་བགྲང་བྱ་ང་བཞི་བ་ལྕགས་ཕོ་སྤྲེལ་ནི་སྟོན་པའི་འདས་ལོ་༢༨༦༡དང་དུས་འཁོར་གྱི་ལུགས་ལྟར་ན་རིགས་ལྡན་ཉེར་གཅིག་པ་མ་འགགས་པའི་ཁྲི་ལོ་ང་བཞི་ལ་ཁེལ་ཏོ། །</text>
      <sha1>3eky8rn31l4dx4ry7g1vydn8zxvkye0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User ko</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4114</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26251</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T00:47:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>164.132.161.17</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="94" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཀོ་རི་ཡཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>5lwo36isqkkb16fiu9cevohvtp2z56n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User fr</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4115</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26252</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T01:30:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="79" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཕྲནཅ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>o0b7358rr1h242iybfrz416vkx3cisq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User de</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4116</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26253</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T09:29:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="88" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཇཱར་མཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>4jw7yxt9dqjhyjzgpubmw16uq2drr7o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User no</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4118</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26256</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T23:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="103" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ནོར་ཝི་ཇི་ཡན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>ody794kmvg4obqkr8n0s93xvspegnhv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User nn</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4119</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26257</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T23:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="124" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ནོར་ཝེ་ཇི་ཡཱན་ནོརསཀ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>ovxpv42nftlm739wp3s3dfcbraztp6x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User da</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4120</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26258</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T23:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="85" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཌེ་ནིཤ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>g0zrpgfh6h5x4s1j2ungbrv7wh1jayo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User eo</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4121</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26259</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T23:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="103" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཨེས་པ་རཱན་ཏོ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>t8yt4snxwzed163yjhwerc56quk7pdp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User ro</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4122</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26260</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T23:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="103" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language རོ་མེ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>bnf7kl4lrve3p2fpbkngx5hhfvhoy6z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User sw</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4123</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26261</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-15T23:52:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="94" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language སྭཱ་ཧི་ལི་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>ilw8bslwjs9x0sq3ryu6wl0o1o3y8p2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User tl</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4124</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26262</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T00:24:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="68" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Tagalog.</text>
      <sha1>06y6zl91plm8k6jsvfjmwb89q64bvrz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User nl</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4125</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26263</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T06:21:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="73" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཌཆ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>a1ecu4jfw3alhx05chafyh2bos2zb68</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User li</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4126</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26264</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T06:21:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="71" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Limburgish.</text>
      <sha1>d522jzu1vc22om6fg6gxlmbju7jyyqv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User af</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4127</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26265</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T06:21:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="97" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཨཕ་རི་ཀཱནས་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>1hzneu42ao6d8jwhxov5gfw819saivm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User zh</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4128</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26266</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T09:28:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="85" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language རྒྱ་མི་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>jfhwk05mwfmav1al1951kr92y6qvkn7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User lzh</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4129</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26267</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T09:28:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="77" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Literary Chinese.</text>
      <sha1>kqqn2gcpk57cpkmg8pev31qqq57z4nl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User eu</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4130</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26268</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T12:30:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="79" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language བཱསཀ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>gtlr9ne0xm6tmrqwdxswzmyn0s5pw0x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User ca</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4131</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26269</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T12:30:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="91" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཀེ་ཊ་ལཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>12ke2zhwnl8778ych7r9pgnssxxzq1b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User nds</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4132</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26270</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T18:29:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="71" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Low German.</text>
      <sha1>57yh2k1wbrez0ubh0i45lahb5fgzbzk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User pl</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4133</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26271</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-16T23:07:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="85" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language པོ་ལིཤ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>dz8tewftpob9pjjuoeqq8u09urrm0fo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User ryu</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4134</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26272</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T06:45:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="77" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Central Okinawan.</text>
      <sha1>t2vlrm637pfqmlto6gw3e6g5zfhhy7m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User la</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4135</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26273</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T09:13:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="85" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ལེ་ཊིན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>2lc43ucxhdm2e2q3i5h7nauz2lxpkd8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User fi</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4136</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26274</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T17:52:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="85" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཕི་ནིཤ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>l3eoofas5tymg96v362g5s7qvggndom</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User oc</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4137</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26275</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="68" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Occitan.</text>
      <sha1>qkjal7ktc73atslwku8ff6abeua45pa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User bg</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4138</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26276</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="106" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language བཱལ་གེ་རི་ཡཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>p8cpmohpaz6dp31rtucygsdeq4rvvev</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User bs</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4139</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26277</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="100" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language བྷོས་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>ik1f95kf4nyhvvzv4ny2a624fvd4zgh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User cs</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4140</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26278</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="76" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཅེཀ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>t1mnrurp6zkgbabqi3a0v9vkj947n6w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User csb</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4141</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26279</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="70" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Kashubian.</text>
      <sha1>0lhuuxqf1qinqn97bx6fse7n77y32oy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User dsb</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4142</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26280</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="74" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Lower Sorbian.</text>
      <sha1>ezdvkxkomnk0eqjpqscjklcs31pzy1s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User hr</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4143</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26281</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="106" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཀྲོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>7o2jdkk1fb8t8lb07fh9rtq8kdcvznv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User hsb</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4144</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26282</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="74" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Upper Sorbian.</text>
      <sha1>ox7v708s5p33w93uobri835ll3w91k2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User kg</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4145</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26283</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="66" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Kongo.</text>
      <sha1>qa9l68hyzyjizfphs0s0kqx08ugk1pq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User pt</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4146</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26284</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="97" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language པོར་ཅུ་གིས་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>qkwo0gtngq988bzch0032qsthqqxjk9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User sc</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4147</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26285</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="70" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Sardinian.</text>
      <sha1>2rkcc1ybj20vcpovpdrmkas8vvmut2b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User sh</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4148</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26286</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="75" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Serbo-Croatian.</text>
      <sha1>fpkh4rqdazb1pue02txo4jnykufmosv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User sk</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4149</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26287</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="94" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language སུ་ལོ་བཱཀ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>6z9x6rgd7po025l1yg72u331bzqm8d8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User sr</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4150</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26288</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="100" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language སཱར་བྷི་ཡཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>e41v96f0ki4c50sw4uvjwhlcb7qlc6s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User fy</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4151</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26289</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:19:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="106" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ནུབ་ཕྼི་སི་ཡན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>5qmhwb1qnmo8pavy3s6pqb9jfxhjosh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User bn</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4152</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26290</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:47:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="82" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language བངྒ་ལ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>lxv1lvc8dbrs78aeovs2fvj7abxatwl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User hi</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4153</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26291</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-17T20:47:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="85" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཧིན་དི་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>a33zqpcfxra7ommqfz55e44vh845p45</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User or</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4154</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26292</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T02:08:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="88" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཨོ་རི་ཡ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>1ojiss29jgai1ihvu9qzk5imflt0j6c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User pi</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4155</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26293</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T02:08:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="73" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language པ་ལི.</text>
      <sha1>9jol5ixckrues3v3v4n8mhbjeblhnj3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User kn</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4156</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26294</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T02:08:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="82" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཀ་ན་ཌ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>039pxws6565wae6cu0sab8s7wlp7xau</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User id</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4157</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26295</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T03:55:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="115" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཨིན་ཌོ་ནེ་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>ekvt69t7ki1ynrkpz6xrtfu6sx3a5e3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User el</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4158</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26296</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T03:55:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="79" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language གྲིཀ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>l3a1fm5pbehhxdctt7md136ykuwxki7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User sa</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4159</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26297</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T06:07:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="88" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language སཾསྐྲྀཏ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>3gyk4arl43sfgg7940ltzv7hawz7k7p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User hu</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4160</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26298</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T06:42:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="106" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཧཱང་གྷ་རི་ཡཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>slh4xcrgwd8y5yf78vt8o2mavs2iftj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User mwl</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4161</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26299</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T11:01:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="70" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Mirandese.</text>
      <sha1>n7011au2x572eb8wbqs4kdriwaw6lk5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User zh-Hans</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4162</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26300</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T23:38:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="109" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language རྒྱ་མི་ཁ་འཇམ་སངམ.</text>
      <sha1>dutbavsi3s9ouu7f74by1nf3vubhgvl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User zh-Hant</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4163</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26301</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T23:38:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="118" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language སྔ་དུས་ཀྱི་རྒྱ་མི་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>jskq3xwcqee6n4epwz511cacgdcnwty</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User de-AT</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4164</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26302</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T23:42:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="127" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཨཱོས་ཊྲི་ཡཱན་ཇཱར་མཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>p6ofp55ofuup9m9ew85aoh95cw2gg0v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User is</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4165</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26303</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-18T23:48:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="106" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཨ་ཡིས་ལེན་ཌིཀ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>6g50n7dgypvpz2rng3nv06pca5tb3ur</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User yue</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4166</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26304</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-19T00:19:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="70" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Cantonese.</text>
      <sha1>60oauvv8zyemsw7ujpekqkdy9aqvsx0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User lv</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4167</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26305</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-19T00:36:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="94" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ལཊ་བི་ཡཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>725vwf0vot6wj2t8z5ztxiliagb8ozv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User ab</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4168</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26306</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-19T00:36:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="97" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཨཱབ་ཁ་ཟི་ཡ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>srdcv63gcp32tqlgo7zgkeqbiw5okes</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User rn</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4169</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26307</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-19T00:36:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="66" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Rundi.</text>
      <sha1>n3mx6gdkp06r4e1363k9lkdjyhb5cdl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User gl</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4170</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26308</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-19T13:34:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="103" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language གལ་ཨིས་ཨི་ཡན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>00fta6n7o5416hmfdymbzd0g6f4w9h5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User an</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4171</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26309</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-19T13:34:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="70" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Aragonese.</text>
      <sha1>3bwoxnpkq0r5nu3nb6l9s5nf8lfuc63</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User th</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4172</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26310</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-20T05:18:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="79" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཐཱའི་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>eob6kwdi0rnu3aqpmtgdlkylupqphhw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User ar</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4174</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26511</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-22T21:52:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="91" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཨེ་ར་བིཀ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>gdttbqrwdjlvftv4qh0nctipo7hgvxq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User ast</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4175</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26512</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-24T14:28:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="69" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Asturian.</text>
      <sha1>muyfnb0nbm62h80w7om435quv973dfd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User nb</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4176</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26513</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-24T19:06:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="130" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ནོར་ཝེ་ཇི་ཡཱན་བོཀ་མཱལ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>tipw1on326bgd7mt3bk1lp5d7946hm6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User ka</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4177</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26514</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-24T19:06:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="94" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཇཽ་ཇི་ཡཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>4e8um4gfge27bhgwqjhmflcr4yjnx1i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User mg</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4178</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26515</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-25T02:28:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="91" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language མ་ལ་ག་སི་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>a69qhjwq9btk8el6e4tns9m8lcn11p8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User tr</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4179</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26516</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-25T08:06:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="88" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཊཱར་ཀིཤ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>ak9s068eiqb1gplqvygbpmv8qxgcuz8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User az</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4180</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26517</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-25T08:06:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="106" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཨ་ཛར་བྷའི་ཇཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>3ct1ca5mk24sj0uvjm0qw6srwk8fzyf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User diq</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4181</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26518</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-25T08:06:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="67" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Zazaki.</text>
      <sha1>ntlu93owsw264u8c93h7l7ievxvqulx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User gsw</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4182</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26519</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-25T14:20:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="109" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language སུ་ཡིས་ཇཱར་མཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>6b32g6hdbr68e3e1xyqrnytuk65zcrz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User fa</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4183</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26520</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-26T21:53:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="94" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language པར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>rs8sicczttjc9s9zy4bjlih007v5bkr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User szl</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4184</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26521</id>
      <timestamp>2017-06-29T09:40:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="69" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Silesian.</text>
      <sha1>jhvckb5rjen2anmv7mbh8nnk99u3z9y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User et</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4185</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26522</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-01T07:37:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="106" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཨེས་ཊོ་ནི་ཡཱན་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>ds2dc445ga458kh314emwvn9zyol6dx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User grc</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4186</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26523</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-01T07:37:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="123" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language གིརིཀ, སྔ་དུས་ཀྱི (༡༤༥༣).</text>
      <sha1>aqggmlfkwde0ujf6rokfzofsbdob3yn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User he</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4187</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26524</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-01T21:28:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="85" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ཧེ་བྲུ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>a774b87x9fl1x3p8kezx161opupjd00</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User sco</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4188</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26525</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-03T01:12:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="66" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Scots.</text>
      <sha1>ow66l55hoz4zdpduhyvhjjcbetqdqzg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User pih</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4189</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26526</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-03T01:12:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="77" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Norfuk / Pitkern.</text>
      <sha1>idta9d81zscb2c677hizk084h5av8nc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User nov</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4190</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26527</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-03T01:12:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="67" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Novial.</text>
      <sha1>lxxgcu7lfbgtigmxw8rttxdauxqz6dx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User be</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4191</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26529</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-04T22:35:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="94" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language བེལ་ཨ་རུས་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>6f7534fs5hjfefr11w4tdkbcyi9rdsl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User ksh</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4193</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26532</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-09T05:43:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="70" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Colognian.</text>
      <sha1>el21bggszshmit64mho3syce9q7if9w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User nds-NL</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4194</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26533</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-09T05:43:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="70" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Low Saxon.</text>
      <sha1>7fnjl3c8euom2fjd9hwrfhmzbpcybz1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User vls</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4195</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26534</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-09T05:43:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="73" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language West Flemish.</text>
      <sha1>9sodv5jjip3otybg6nvf6gfdu3zuyrm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User lb</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4196</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26535</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-09T05:43:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="97" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language ལག་ཛམ་བོརྒ་ཁ.</text>
      <sha1>30ab3nph3qld2r7w8qkcp83qy3pve68</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User pdc</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4197</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26536</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-09T05:43:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="80" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Pennsylvania German.</text>
      <sha1>45ms9o3dwhxxrqsfvl4soke7ie40me3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User pfl</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4198</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26537</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-09T05:43:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="76" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Palatine German.</text>
      <sha1>h12lmndsq0heo05odp6s74gzhd6qb4r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User sxu</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4199</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26538</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-09T05:43:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="72" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Upper Saxon.</text>
      <sha1>lbi5z8zx6pdttqr6lp5qng5d3m7kz7j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User bar</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4200</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26539</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-09T05:43:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="69" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Bavarian.</text>
      <sha1>g8wkz0t7avdvwtzzlhod4ypg7cp4p6v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User cdo</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4201</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26541</id>
      <timestamp>2017-07-20T17:31:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="77" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Min Dong Chinese.</text>
      <sha1>eu3m33qwsmaefbdsce2n62qeyshwkbm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>དར་དཀར་བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང(དར་དཀར་ན།)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4207</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28567</id>
      <parentid>28553</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-10-10T13:07:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>-</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6029" xml:space="preserve">༡༦༤༨ ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ མགྲོན་གཉེར་འབྲུགརྣམ་རྒྱལ་དེ་ དར་དཀར་ན་གི་ས་གནས་འདི་དབང་དུ་བསྡུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ དར་དཀར་ན་ལུ་ གཏང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལྷོ་མཚམས་ཀྱི་ [[ཌུའར་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་]] བཙན་འཛུལ་འབད་མི་དམག་མི་ཚུ་ལས་ སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྫོང་བཞེངས་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་གནང་ནུག། འདི་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ དར་དཀར་ལ་གི་ ས་ཁོངས་ཚུ་དབང་དུ་བསྡུ་སྟེ་ རྫོང་བཞེངས་ནིའི་ གྱམ་བཙུགས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ དར་དཀར་ན་གི་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ [[རྫོང་བཞེངས་ནི་ནང་ལུ་]] གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནུག། ལོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ༡༦༥༡ ལུ་ རྫོང་དེ་བཞེང་ཚར་དེ་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ དར་དཀར་བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཟེར་ མིང་བཏགས་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ བསྟན་པ་ ཕྲིན་ལས་འདི་ དར་དཀར་ན་གི་ དཔོན་སློབ་དང་པ་སྦེ་ བཀལ་གནང་ནུག།

རྫོང་འདི་ལུ་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ དབུ་རྩེ་རིངམོ་ སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་ཡང་རྫོང་གཞི་ གཞན་ཚུ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ བལྟ་རྫོང་སོ་སོ་སྦེ་བཞེངས་ཏེ་མེད་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ [[དམག་ཚུ་ལས་]] སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན་མས། འབྲུག་པའི་དམག་ཚུ་གིས་ དབུ་རྩེ་རིངམོ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ བལྟ་རྫོང་གི་ཚབ་ལུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ དམག་རྐྱབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།

ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་ རྫོང་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ [[གཞུང་གི་གྲྭ་ཚང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་]] དེ་ནང་ལུ་ ལྷ་ཁང་བརྒྱད་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ནང་ ནང་བརྟེན་གཙོབོ་ གནས་བརྟེན་བཅུ་དྲུག་གི་ མཐའ་སྐོར་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ ཇོབོ་ ཤཀྱ་མུ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

རྫོང་འདི་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་གནོདཔ་བསྐྱལ་མི་ ལྷོ་མཚམས་ཀྱི་བྱང་ཕྱད་ཚུ་ལས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ ཕན་ཐོགས་འབྱུང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ད་རེས་ རྫོང་འདི་གིས་ དར་དཀར་ན་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་ དོན་ལུ་ བདག་སྐྱོང་གི་ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་དེ་ལུ་ ས་གཡོམ་དང་ རླུང་ཚུབ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་གནོད་སྐྱོན་ [[ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་འབྱུང་ཡོདཔ་དང་]] དེ་ཡང་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ དཔོན་སློབ་དྲུག་པ་ པད་དཀར་འབྱུང་གནས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་འབྱུང་ནུག། རྫོང་གི་ ཁྱིམ་ཐོག་ཚུ་ག་ར་ རླུང་གིས་ཕྱག་འབག་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ [[རྫོང་ནང་ན་ལུ་]] གནོད་སྐྱོན་ སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་འབྱུང་ནུག། དེ་འཕྲོད་ལས་ ཉམས་བཅོས་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ རྗེ་ བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ རབ་གནས་མཛད་དེ་ རྫོང་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་འགོ་དང་པ་བཙུགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དགེ་ཤེས་ རབ་རྒྱས་དེ་ བླམ་གནས་བརྟེན་དང་པ་སྦེ་ བཀལ་གནང་ནུག།

གནོད་སྐྱོན་ གཉིས་པ་དེ་ ༡༨༩༧ ལུ་ རྫོང་ཧྲིལ་བུམ་ ས་གཡོམ་གྱིས་ཧྲམ་བཏང་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་འབྱུང་ནུག། དེ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ རྫོང་རྩ་བ་ལས་ ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུཝ་མ་ཚད་ [[ལྷ་ཁང་ཧེང་བཀལ་རྐྱབས་ཏེ་]] སྐུ་རྟེན་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག།


[[Category:དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག]]
[[Category:རྫོང]]</text>
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རྫོང་འདི་ སྤ་རོ་ཚོང་འདུས་ཁྲོམ་ལས་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ཕྱེད་དང་དྲུག་དང་ རིན་སྤུང་རྫོང་ལས་ མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༥༠༠ དེ་གཅིག་གི་ས་ཁ་ བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རིན་སྤུང་རྫོང་འདི་བཞེངས་ཚར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ [[སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་པ་]] བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་གི་ སྐབས་ལུ་ བོད་དང་རྒྱ་གར་ལས་དམག་གི་འཇིགས་པ་ཚུ་ ལེ་ཤ་གཅིག་འབྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འདི་ཚུ་ལས་ སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ [[དེ་གི་ནང་དོ་གཉིས་ལས་ཡང་]] རིན་སྤུང་རྫོང་འདི་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལ་སྔོན་པ་ བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་དང་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མི་འགྱུར་བསྟན་པ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ དུས་རབ་ ༡༧ པའི་ བར་མཚམས་ལུ་ ལྟ་རྫོང་འདི་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག།

རྫོང་གི་ ཐོག་བཞི་པམ་དེ་ ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བཙོན་པ་ཚུ་བཞག་ས་ཨིན་མས། དམག་ཁྲུགས་རེ་ཐོན་ཏེ་པའི་སྐབས་ ཆུ་ལེན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ས་འོག་ལས་ [[ལྟ་རྫོང་དང་]] སྤ་ཆུ་གཉིས་མཐུད་པའི་ བགྲོད་ལམ་གཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ལམ་འདི་ ད་ལྟོ་མཐོང་ས་མེདཔ་ཨིན་མས།

རྫོང་འདི་ ལོ་ ༣༥༠་ དེ་ཅིག་གི་ཧེ་མ་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ བར་སྐབས་ཅིག་དེ་ནང་སྡོད་མི་ག་ཡང་མེད་པར་ ཉེ་འདབ་ཀྱི་ཨ་ལོ་ཚུ་གིས་ [[དེ་ཁ་རྩེདམོ་རྩེཝ་ལས་]] གནོད་སྐྱོན་དུམ་གྲ་རེ་འབྱུང་ཡོད་རུང་ རང་བཞིན་གྱི་སྐྱེན་ངན་དང་ ཕྱིའི་དགྲ་བྱང་ཕྱེད་ཚུ་ལུ་བརྟེན་གནོད་པ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མ་འབྱུང་མི་ རྫོང་དག་པ་གཅིག་ཡོད་མི་ནང་ལས་ གཅིག་ལྟ་རྫོང་འདི་ཨིན་མས། ༡༧༡༤ ལུ་ ས་གཡོམ་ ཉིནམ་ ༡༥ [[གི་རིང་ལུ་རྐྱབ་ཡོདཔ་དང་]] ད་རུང་ ༡༨༩༦ ལུ་ཡང་ ས་གཡོམ་རྐྱབ་པའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ རྫོང་གཞི་གཞན་ལེ་ཤ་གཅིག་ལུ་ གནོད་སྐྱོན་ཤུགས་སྦེ་ར་འབྱུང་ཡོད་རུང་ ལྟ་རྫོང་འདི་ལུ་ གནོད་པ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མ་འབྱུང་མས།

རྫོང་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་ རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་ [[བཀའ་རྒྱ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་]] འབྲུག་གོང་འཕེལ་དངུལ་ཁང་ཚད་འཛིན་གྱི་ མང་དངུལ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ཐོག་ལས་ ཉམས་བཅོས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྫོང་མཇལ་བ་འོང་མི་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ འཁོར་ལམ་ཡང་སྟོན་ནུག།

ལྟ་རྫོང་འདི་ དབྱིབས་ ཐེ་སྒོར་སྒོར་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ [[ནང་ན་གི་]] ཐོག་ཚད་བདུན་ཡོད་མི་ ཁྱིམ་དེ་ རྒྱུ་ནོར་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཕྱི་ཁ་གི་གྱང་ཐེ་སྒོར་སྒོར་དེ་ འདི་ཚུ་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་མི་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིན།


[[Category:སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག]]
[[Category:རྫོང]]

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ཞབས་དྲུང་ ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ རྫོང་གཞི་ལེ་ཤ་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འབྲུག་གི་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ མངའ་ཁོངས་གསརཔ་འཐོབ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ [[བཙན་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཟོ་ནི་དང་]] ཕྱི་ནང་གི་ དགྲ་བྱང་ཕྱད་ཚུ་ལས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལས་ རྫོང་དྲུག་བཞེངས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ དང་པམ་འདི་ སེམས་རྟོག་ཁ་རྫོང་འདི་ཨིན། རྫོང་འདི་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་རབ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ས་གནས་གཅིག་གུར་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ས་གནས་འདི་ ཤ་(དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་)དབང་(ཐིམ་ཕུ)སྤ་(སྤ་རོ་) གསུམ་གྱི་ལམ་རྒྱ་གྲམ་ལུ་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལམ་རྒྱ་གྲམ་དེ་ཁར་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་དང་ ཐིམ་ཕུ་དེ་ལས་ སྤ་རོ་གི་མི་ཚུ་གི་ [[རྡོ་གསུམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་]] འ་ནི་རྡོ་གསུམ་གྱི་སྦུག་ལུ་ སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་ཡང་ན་ སེམས་རྡོ་ཁ་ཟེར་མི་ ས་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་གུ་ ལྷ་ཁང་ཆུང་ཀུ་གཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཤུལ་ལས་ བླམ་སྤང་ཁ་ཤོང་གིས་ ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ ཞབས་དྲུག་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ལུ་ ཕུལ་ནུག། རྒྱལ་རབ་ན་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བོད་ཀྱི་བླམ་ ཞང་གིས་ ཞབས་དྲུག་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ འཕེབས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ གསུམ་གྱི་འཛོམ་འཚམས་ལུ་ རྫོང་གཅིག་བཞེངས་ནིའི་ ལུང་བསྟན་གནང་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་མས། [[ལུང་བསྟན་འདི་འགྲུབ་ནི་དང་]] བླམ་སྤང་ཁ་ཞོང་གི་ས་ཕུལ་བའི་ དགའ་ཚོར་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུག་མཆོག་གིས་ རྫོང་འདི་བཞེངས་ནིའི་ ཐུགས་བཞེད་གནང་ནུག།

ས་གནས་འདི་ཁར་ གནོད་པའི་དྲེ་ཚུ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ [[ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གིས་]] རྫོང་བཞེངས་ནིའི་ཐུགས་བཞེང་གནང་མི་ས་གནས་འདི་ འདྲེ་གཅིག་གིས་དབང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འདི་གིས་ འགྲོས་འགྲུལ་འབད་མི་ མི་ཚུ་ལུ་གནོདཔ་བསྐྱལ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། [[ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གིས་]] ས་གནས་དེ་ཁ་འབྱོན་ཏེ་ སྲིནམོ་དེ་བཏུལ་བའི་སྐབས་ ད་ལྟོ་རྫོང་བཞེངས་ཡོད་སའི་ རྡོ་གཅིག་གི་འོག་ལུ་ ཐིམས་སོངཔ་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གིས་ རྡོ་འདི་གུ་ རྫོང་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མིང་ཡང་ སྲིན་མོ་རྡོ་ཁ་ཟེར་བཏགས་གནང་ནུག།

༡༦༢༩ ལུ་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༣༦ [[ཞེས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་]] རྫོང་བཞེངས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྫོང་འདི་ རྟ་མགོ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་ མི་ཕམ་ ཚེ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་སློབ་མ་ཚུ་གི་ གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་དེ་ བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག།

དེ་ལས་རྫོང་འདི་ ལོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ༡༦༣༡ ལུ་ [[བཞེངས་ཚར་དེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་]] མིང་ཡང་ གསང་སྔགས་ཟབ་དོན་ཕོ་བྲང་ཟེར་བཏགས་གནང་ནུག།


[[Category:ཐིམ་ཕུ་རྫོང་ཁག]]
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ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལུ་ བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་མི་ བྱ་དཀར་གཡུས་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་འདི་ བུམ་ དེ་ཡང་ [[བོད་ར་ལུང་གི་བླམ་ ངག་གི་དབང་ཕྱུག་]]([[༡༥༡༧]]-[[༡༥༥༤]]) འབྲུག་ལུ་ འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་རྒྱུད་པའི་ཆོས་ལུགས་ དར་ཁྱབ་མཛད་གནང་པ་འབྱོན་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ལྕ་མཁར་གཡུས་ཚན་གྱི་ མཐའ་མ་ལུ་ བྱག་གཅིག་ཡོད་མི་དེ་གུར་ ལྷ་ཁང་གཅིག་བཞེངས་ནིའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད་གནང་ནུག།

ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་བཞེངས་པའི་སྐབས་ ལུ་ ས་གནས་འདི་ཁ་ལས་ བྱ་དཀརཔོ་གཅིག་འཕུར་ཏེ་ ད་ལྟོ་རྫོང་ཡོད་སར་ ཆགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་གྱི་རྟགས་མཚན་ཚུ་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་བརྩི་ཏེ་ ༡༥༤༩ ལུ་ བླམ་ངག་གི་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་ དབྱིབས་རྫོང་བཟུམ་འབད་མི་ [[ལྷ་ཁང་ཆུང་ཀུ་གཅིག་བཞེངས་ཏེ་]] དེ་ནང་ལུ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། བྱ་དཀརཔོ་ཆགས་མི་ལས་ རྟ་དྲངས་ཏེ་ རྫོང་ཆུང་ཀུ་འདི་གི་མིང་ལུ་ བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་ཟེར་བཏགས་ནུག། [[དེ་སྦེ་ཨིན་དེ་རང་འབད་རུང་]] བྱ་དཀར་གཡུས་ཚན་གྱི་ མི་ཚུ་གི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་དང་འཁྲིལཝ་ད་ བུམ་ཐང་གཡུས་ཚན་གྱི་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ རྫོང་ཆུང་ཀུ་གཅིག་བཞེངས་ཡོད་དེ་ར་འབད་རུང་ འཆར་གཞི་དང་འཁྲིལཝ་ད་ ས་གནས་འདི་ [[བསམ་པ་རྫོགས་ཏོག་ཏོ་གཅིག་ར་མེདཔ་ལས་]] ས་གནས་གཞན་གཅིག་གདམ་ཁ་རྐྱབས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ བླམ་དང་རྩིསཔ་ཚུ་གཅིག་ཁར་འཛོམས་ཏེ་སྡོག་པའི་སྐབས་ བྱ་དཀརཔོ་གཅིག་འཕུར་སྟེ་ ད་ལྟོ་རྫོང་ཡོད་ས་ ཆགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྫོང་འདི་ས་གནས་འདི་ཁར་བཞེངས་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན་མས།

[[File:JakarDzong.jpg|thumb|left|350px]]
བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་འདི་ བླམ་ངག་གི་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་གདན་ས་དང་པ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཁོ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ དབྱིབས་རྫོང་བཟུམ་འབད་མི་ ལྷ་ཁང་ཆུང་ཀུ་གཅིག་ལས་མེད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ [[ཤུལ་ལས་]] ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་སྐྱེས་བུ་ སོ་སོ་ཚུ་གིས་ ཉམས་གསོ་དང་རྒྱ་བསྐྱེད་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིག་ བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་འདི་ [[བུམ་ཐང་ལུགས་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་]] ལྟེ་བ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཆ་མཉམ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་རྫོང་གཅིག་གཞི་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྫོང་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་དང་པའི་ གདན་ས་ཡང་ཨིན་མས།

བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་འདི་ལུ་ དབུ་རྩེ་ [[མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་]] ལྔ་བཅུ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་རྗོང་གཞི་གཞན་མང་ཤོས་གཅིག་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་ ཁྱད་ཆོས་ ཡ་མཚན་ཅན་གཅིག་ཨིན། [[༡༨༩༧]] ལུ་ ས་གཡོམ་གྱི་གནོད་སྐྱོན་འབྱུང་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ རྫོང་གི་ཕྱི་ཁ་གི་བྱང་ཚུ་སྐོར་ར་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་བལྟ་ནི་མ་ཏོགས་ དབུ་རྩེ་གི་ཚད་གཞི་མཐོང་མི་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ད་རུང་རྫོང་འདི་ལུ་ ཡ་མཚན་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་གཞན་མི་གཅིག་འདི་ [[རྫོང་དམག་གི་བསྐོར་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་]] ཆུ་བཞག་སའི་ ཆུ་འཛིང་སྲུང་རགས་རྐྱབས་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཆུ་འཛིང་འདི་ད་ལྟོ་བར་ན་ཡང་ སྐྱོན་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།


[[Category:བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག]]
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      <text bytes="4236" xml:space="preserve">ཞོང་སྒར་རྫོང་དེ་ མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ལུ་ བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཐིམ་ཕུ་ལས་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་ལུ་ ཤར་-ནུབ་ཀྱི་གཞུང་ལམ་ལས་འགྲོ་འགྲུལ་འབད་དེ་ [[ཁྲུལ་ལང་བི་གཡུས་ཚན་ནང་ལྷོད་པའི་སྐབས་]] རི་གཅིག་གུ་ རྫོང་དེ་ མཐོང་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན། ཞོང་སྒར་རྫོང་དེ་ ས་ཆ་ ཨེ་ཀར་ ༨ དེ་ཅིག་ཁྱབ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཞོང་ ཟེར་མི་དེ་ གཞོངམ་ཟེར་བའི་དོན་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་ལུ་ གར་ཟེར་མི་ རྗེས་འཇུག་སྦྱར་དེ་ ཞོང་གར་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་མས། རྫོང་དེ་ [[ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་]] གྱང་ཁོག་ལུ་ བསྒྱུར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

སླབ་སྲོལ་གཅིག་ལས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལཔོ་ [[དཀར་པོ་གདུང་ཟེར་མི་དེ་གིས་]] ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ལྡན་གྱི་ལྟེ་བ་གཅིག་རྐྱབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤ་རོ་ལས་ བཟོཝ་གཅིག་འབོད་དེ་ མི་དེ་ ཨུ་ར་ལས་སྦེ་ཞོང་སྒར་ལུ་འོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། [[བཟོ་ཆེན་]] བཱ་ལ་གིས་ས་གནས་དེ་ཁར་ལྟ་བ་འགྱོ་བའི་སྐབས་ སྒང་ཏོག་ཆུང་ཀུ་གཅིག་གུ་ རྡོ་གི་ཞོངམ་དཀརཔོ་གཅིག་མཐོང་སྟེ་ ཁོ་གིས་ ས་གནས་དེ་ཁར་རྫོང་བཞེངས་ནི་སྦེ་གྲོས་ཐག་གཅད་ནུག། རྫོང་དེའི་མིང་ལུ་ ཞོང་དཀར་ཟེར་བཏགས་ནུག།

འབྲུག་པའི་གསུང་རབ་ཚུ་ནང་ རྫོང་འདི་ལུ་ གཞོང་དཀར་དང་ [[ཞོང་དཀར་ཟེར་ལེ་ཤ་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་རུང་]] ཤུལ་ལས་ ས་གནས་དེ་ལུ་ ཞོང་གར་ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་འབྱུང་ནུག། ད་རུང་ བཤད་སྲོལ་གཅིག་ལས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བཱ་ལ་དེ་ གླིང་མེ་ཐང་གི་སྦོེ་ལོག་ཁར་ལྷོད་པའི་སྐབས་ རི་ ཤིང་གི་གཞོངམ་བཟུམ་ཡོད་མི་གཅིག་མཐོང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རི་དེ་གུར་རྒྱལཔོ་ཀར་པོ་གི་ཕཽ་བྲངས་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ [[རི་གཞོངམ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་དང་]] དེ་གུར་ཁྱིམ་རྐྱབས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ས་གནས་དེ་ལུ་གཞོང་གར་ཟེར་བཏགས་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱལ་རབ་ཀྱི་ ཀི་དེབ་ལྟར་དུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ས་གནས་གོ་ཡང་དྲགས་གཅིག་ནང་ལུ་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྫོང་འདིའི་མིང་དེ་ གཞོང་སྒར་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ བཤད་སྲོལ་གཞན་ལེ་ཤ་གཅིག་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།


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རྫོང་འདི་ སྤ་རོ་གི་ས་གནས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལུ་ བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་འདི་ དགྲ་རྫོང་གཙོབོ་ བཞི་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་བཞེངས་མི་གྱི་སྐོར་ལས་ ལོ་རྒྱུས་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ཡོད་རུང་ རྩོམ་འབྲི་པ་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་གིས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ [[༡༦༤༩]] བོད་དམག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་པའི་རྗེས་དྲན་བརྩི་སྲུང་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་ བཤདཔ་ཨིན་མས། མི་ལ་ལོ་གཅིག་གིས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་པ་ བསྟན་འཛིན་ འབྲུག་སྒྲ་དང་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ [[ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་]] བཞེངས་བཞེངསམ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ བཤདཔ་ཨིན། བཤད་སྲོལ་ མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་དེ་ར་འབད་རུང་ མི་ཚུ་གིས་ རྫོང་འདི་ བོད་དམག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་པའི་རྗེས་དྲན་བརྩི་སྲུང་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་ ཆ་བཞགཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་མིང་ཡང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་ཟེར་བཏགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

༡༩༥༡ ལུ་ རྫོང་འདི་ལུ་ [[མེ་རྐྱེན་མ་འབྱུང་ཚུན་ཚོད་ལུ་]] རིན་སྤུང་ རབ་སྡེ་གི་ དབྱར་གྱི་བཞུགས་གནས་སྦེ་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མེ་རྐྱེན་འབྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ལྷག་ལུས་ གྱང་ཁོག་དང་ ཤིང་གི་ཀཝ་ཚུ་ད་ལྟོ་ཡང་མཐོང་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན།

འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་འདི་ལུ་ཡང་ རྗེས་ཤུལ་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་ཡོད་པའི་བྱུང་རིམ་ཚུ་ལེ་ཤ་གཅིག་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དཔེར་ན་ བོད་ཀྱི་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ས་ག་ལ་ལས་ [[བརྟག་ཞིབ་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་]] རྫོང་འདི་ བྱ་ན་རི་དང་ སྦྱར་ཏེ་ཡདོཔ་སྦེ་མཐོང་སྟེ་ རྫོང་གི་རྩ་བ་འགྱོཝ་ད་ རྫོང་དེ་ ཧེང་བཀལ་ཐག་རིང་ས་སྦེ་མཐོངམ་ལས་ བོདཔ་ཚུ་གིས་ མིག་འཕྲུལ་སྦེ་མཐོང་ནུག།

ད་རུང་ དྲག་རྒོལ་འབད་མི་ བོད་མི་ཚུ་ མགྱོནམ་སྦེ་ [[བསུ་བ་འབད་དེ་]] ཞེས་སྒོ་འབྱིན་པའི་སྐབས་ ་ ཁོང་ཚུ་ ཞེས་སྒོ་ཟ་སའི་ གུར་སྤུབས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་ གཤིང་གཅིག་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ་ བོདཔ་ཚུ་ སྤྲོ་བ་སྟོན་པའི་སྐབས་ དང་པ་རང་ གདོང་སྦོ་ དེ་ལས་ གྲོས་ཀྱི་སྦེ་ གཟུགས་ག་ར་སྦོ་སྟེ་ ཤི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།

འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ རྫོང་འདི་ དགྲ་རྫོང་གཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ གོ་མཚོན་མཛོད་ཁང་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ དྲག་ཤོས་གཅིག་ཨིན་དེ་ར་འབད་རུང་ མང་ཤོས་གཅིག་ [[མེ་རྐྱེན་འབྱུང་བའི་སྐབས་མེདཔ་གཏང་ཡོདཔ་དང་]] ལྷག་ལུས་ཚུ་ རིན་སྤུང་རྫོང་ནང་ལུ་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།


[[Category:སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག]]
[[Category:རྫོང]]</text>
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      <comment>Redirected page to [[འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་།]]</comment>
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      <comment>Redirected page to [[མགར་ས་ བཀྲིས་མཐོང་སྨོན་རྫོང་།]]</comment>
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      <comment>Redirected page to [[མགར་ས་ བཀྲིས་མཐོང་སྨོན་རྫོང་།]]</comment>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''ཀལཡདེ འནད ཆིལིས''' (འལསོ གནོཆན འས ཊམེ ཀལཡདེ འནད ཆིལིས སམོཆ ིན ཏམེ ུན...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="973" xml:space="preserve">'''ཀལཡདེ འནད ཆིལིས''' (འལསོ གནོཆན འས ཊམེ ཀལཡདེ འནད ཆིལིས སམོཆ ིན ཏམེ ུནིཏེད སཏའཏེས) ིས འན འ྅ེརིཀའན པརིཏིསམ ཀམིནེསེ ༣ད འནི྅འཏེད སེརིེས ཏམའཏ ཆའས ཀརེའཏེད པཡ Andrew Wilson བོར Nickelodeon.com འནད ཡོུཏུཔེཇ འནད ིཏ བིརསཏ དེཔུཏ དེཔུཏ ོན Nickelodeon.com བརོ྅ 2017.1.31 - 2017.2.20.

༙ཏ ིས ཽསཏ ཀོ྅྅ོནལཡ གནོཆན ིན ཱསིའཐ ིཏ ིས འལསོ ྅ོསཏ གནོཆན ིན ཀྵམིནའཐ ེསཕེཀིའལལཡ ཊིཔེཏ འནད ༗འསཏ ྆མུཏའན. ིཏ ལའཏེར ྰདེ ིཏས རེཁིཁའལ ོན YouTube ོན 2017.3.16

[[Category:Cartoon]]</text>
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      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
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      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
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      <comment>/* བྷ  (B) */</comment>
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      <text bytes="44238" xml:space="preserve">= རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མིང་གཞུང་། =
[[List of countries]]

= ཨ (A) =


* '''[[ཨོ་སུ་ཐི་རེ་ཤུ]]''' – ཨོ་སུ་ཐི་རེ་ཤུ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Austria 奥地利
* '''[[ཨབ་གྷ་ནི་སི་ཐན་]]'''- ཨབ་གྷ་ནི་སི་ཐན་ཁ་ཆེ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། – Islamic Republic of Afghanistan    阿富汗
* '''[[ཨལ་བྷ་ནི་ཡ་]]''' – ཨལ་བྷ་ནི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ  Republic of Albania 阿尔巴尼亚
* '''[[ཨལ་ལྗེ་རི་ཡ་]]''' – ཨལ་ཇེ་རི་ཡ་དམངས་གཙོ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ  People's Democratic Republic of Algeria 阿尔及利亚
* '''[[ཨན་ཌོར་ར་]]''' – ཨན་ཌོར་ར་རྒྱལ་ཕྲན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Principality of Andorra 安道尔
* '''[[ཨན་གོ་ལ་]]''' – ཨན་གོ་ལ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Angola 安哥拉
* '''[[ཨེང་གུའི་ལ་]]''' – ཨེང་གུའི་ལ་  དབྱིན་ཇིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས Angulla 英属西印度群岛
* '''[[ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ནེ་]]''' – ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ནེ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Argentina, Argentine Republic 阿根廷 
* '''[[ཨ་རིའི་སོ་མོ་ཝ་]]''' – ཨ་རིའི་སོ་མོ་ཝ་   ཨ་རིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས    American Somoa 美属萨摩亚
* '''[[ཨར་མེ་ནི་ཡ་]]''' – ཨར་མེ་ནི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Armenia 亚美尼亚共和国
* '''[[ཨོ་སི་ཊི་ལི་ཡ་]]''' – ཨོ་སི་ཊི་ལི་ཡ་གནའ་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Commonwealth of Australia 澳大利亚
* '''[[ཨ་ཛེར་བྷ་ལྗན་]]''' – ཨ་ཛེར་བྷ་ལྗན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Azerbaijan 阿塞拜疆
* '''[[ཨན་ཊི་གཱ་ཡ་དང་པར་བུ་ཌ་]]''' - ཨན་ཊི་གཱ་ཡ་དང་པར་བུ་ཌ  Antigua and Barbuda 安提瓜和巴布达
* '''[[ཨ་རུ་བྷ་]]'''  - ཨ་རུ་བྷ་  ནེ་རྡུར་ལན་ཌིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས  Aruba 阿鲁巴
* '''[[ཨ་མེ་རི་ཀ་]]''' – ཨ་རི་    ཨ་མེ་རི་ཀ་  America   ཨ་མེ་རི་ཀ་མངའ་སྡེ་གཅིག་སྡུད United States Of America 美国
* ཨེ་ཌ་ལནྜ་ - Atlanta

= བྷ  (B) =
* '''[[བྷ་ཧ་མ་སུ་]]''' – བྷ་ཧ་མ་སུ་མནའ་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Commonwealth of The Bahamas 巴哈马
* '''[[བྷ་རིན་]]''' – བྷ་རིན་རྒྱལ་པོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Kingdom of Bahrain 巴林 
* '''[[བྷང་ལ་རྡེ་ཤུ་]]''' – བྷང་ལ་རྡེ་ཤུ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ People's Republic of Bangladesh 孟加拉国
* '''[[བྷར་བྷ་ཌོ་སུ་]]''' – བྷར་བྷ་ཌོ་སུ Barbados 巴巴多斯
* '''[[བྷེ་ལ་རོ་སུ་]]''' – བྷེ་ལ་རོ་སུ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Belarus 白俄罗斯
* '''[[བྷེལ་ཇམ་]]'''- བྷེལ་ཇམ་རྒྱལ་པོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། – Kingdom of Belgium 比利时
* '''[[བྷ་ལི་ཛེ་]]''' – བྷ་ལི་ཛེ  Belize 伯利兹
* '''[[བྷེ་ནིན་]]''' – བྷེ་ནིན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Benin 贝宁
* '''[[བྷེར་མོ་ཌ་]]''' – བྷེར་མོ་ཌ་   དབྱིན་ཇིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་ Bermuda 百慕大群岛 
* '''[[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]''' - འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།– Kingdom of Bhutan 不丹
* '''[[བྷོ་ལི་ཝི་ཡ་]]''' – བྷོ་ལི་ཝི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ Republic of Bolivia 玻利维亚
* '''[[བྷོ་ནཱ་རི་]]''' –  བྷོ་ནཱ་རི་   ནེ་རྡུར་ལན་ཌིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་ Bonaire 博内尔岛
* '''[[བྷོ་སུ་ནི་ཡ་དང་ཧར་ཛེ་གྷོ་ནཱ་]]''' – བྷོ་སུ་ནི་ཡ་དང་ཧར་ཛེ་གྷོ་ནཱ་མནའ་འབྲེལ་ Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那
* '''[[བྷོ་ཙི་ཝ་ན་]]''' –  བྷོ་ཙི་ཝ་ན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Botswana 博茨瓦纳
* '''[[བྷུར་ཟེལ་]]''' - བྷུར་ཟེལ་རྒྱལ་ཕྲན་མནའ་མཐུན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།  Federative Republic of Brazil 巴西
* '''[[ན་གར་བྷི་རུ་ནི་རྡ་རུ་ས་ལམ་]]''' – ན་གར་བྷི་རུ་ནི་རྡ་རུ་ས་ལམ་ Negara Brunei Darussalam 文莱达鲁萨兰国
* '''[[དབྱིན་ཇིའི་ེཝེར་ལྗིན་གླིང་ཚོམ་]]''' – དབྱིན་ཇིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་་ེཝེར་ལྗིན་གླིང་ཚོམ British Virgin Islands 英属维尔京群岛
* '''[[བྷོལ་ག་རི་ཡ་]]''' - བྷོལ་ག་རི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། – Republic of Bulgaria 保加利亚
* '''[[བྷུར་ཁེ་ན་ཧྥ་སོ་]]''' – བྷུར་ཁེ་ན་ཧྥ་སོ Burkina Faso 布基纳法索
* '''[[ བྷོ་རུན་ཌེ་]]''' – བྷུ་རུན་ཌེ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ Republic of Burundi 布隆迪共和国
* '''[[འབར་མ་]]''' - འབར་མ་མནའ་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།  མེན་མཱར་མནའ་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ – Burma / Myanmar 缅甸

= ཀ/ས་ (C) =
* '''[[ཁམ་བྷོ་ཌི་ཡ་]]''' – ཁམ་བྷོ་ཌི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Kingdom of Cambodia 柬埔寨
* '''[[ཁ་མེ་རོན་]]''' – ཁ་མེ་རོན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Cameroon 喀麦隆  
* '''[[ཁ་ན་ཊ་]]''' – Canada 加拿大
* '''[[ཁ་བྷོ་ཝེར་ཏེ་]]''' – ཁ་བྷེ་ཝེར་ཏེ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Cabo Verde 佛得角 
* '''[[ཁེ་ཋ་ལོ་ནྱི་ ]]'''–  ཁེ་ཋ་ལོ་ནྱི་རང་སྐྱོང་མངས་ཁུལ Catalonia  རྒྱལ་ཁུངས་ཨེ་སི་པན་ཡ་ཡིན Spain
* '''[[དབུས་ཨ་ཧྥི་རི་ཁ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་]]'''– དབུས་ཨ་ཧྥི་རི་ཁ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Central African Republic 中非共和国 
* '''[[ཁེ་མུན་གླིང་ཚོམ་]]'''– ཁེ་མུན་གླིང་ཚོམ་  དབྱིན་ཇིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས  Cayman islands 开曼群岛
* '''[[ཆ་ཌ་]]''' – ཆ་ཌ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Chad 乍得 
* '''[[ཅི་ལེ་]]''' – ཅི་ལི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Chile 智利 
* '''[[ཀྲུང་ཀོ་]] / [[རྒྱ་ནག་]] ''' – ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ People's Republic Of China 中国
* '''[[ཁེ་ལེབ་ཕུ་ཏེན་གླིང་ཕྲན་]]'''– ཁེ་ལེབ་ཏེན་གླིང་འཕྲན་  ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས Clipperton Island 
* '''[[ཁོ་ལོམ་བྷི་ཡ་]]'''– ཁོ་ལོམ་བྷི་་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Colombia 哥伦比亚
* '''[[ཁོ་མོ་རོ་སུ་]]'''– ཁོ་མོ་རོ་སུ་གཅིག་བསྒྲིལ་གླིང་འཕྲན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Union of the Comoros 摩洛哥
* '''[[ཁོན་གོ་མི་དམངས་དམངས་གཙོ་]]''' – ཁོན་གོ་མི་དམངས་དམངས་གཙོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Democratic Republic of the Congo 刚果民主共和国 
* '''[[ཁོན་གོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་]]''' – ཁོན་གོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of the Congo 刚果共和国 
* '''[[ཀྲོང་གོ་]]''' – ཀྲོང་གོ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ People's Republic Of China
* '''[[ཁོ་ཁེ་གླིང་ཕྲན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་]]''' – Cook Islands 库克群岛
* '''[[ཀོ་སུ་ཊ༌རི་ཁ་]]''' – ཀོ་སུ་ཊ༌རི་ཁ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加
* '''[[བ་སོ་མཚོ་ཁ་]]''' – བ་སོ་མཚོ་ཁ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Côte d'Ivoire
* '''[[ཁི་རག་ཏེ་ཡ་]]''' – ཁི་རག་ཏེ་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Croatia 克罗地亚
* '''[[ཁོས་བྷ་]]''' – ཁོས་བྷ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Cuba 古巴
* '''[[སེབ་རུ་སི་]]''' – སེབ་རུ་སི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ  Republic of Cyprus 塞浦路斯
* '''[[ཆེ་ཥི་]]''' – ཆེ་ཥི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Czech Republic 捷克

= ཌ (D) =
* '''[[ཌན་མར་ཀི་]]''' – ཌན་མར་ཀི་རྒྱལ་གཞིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Kingdom of Denmark 丹麦
* '''[[གཞི་བྷོ་ཊི་]]''' – གཞི་བྷོ་ཊི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Djibouti 吉布提
* '''[[ཌོ་མི་ནི་ཀ་]]''' –ཌོ་མི་ནི་ཀ་མནའ་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Commonwealth of Dominica 多米尼克国
* '''[[ཌོ་མི་ནི་ཀ་]]''' - ཌོ་མི་ནི་ཀ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་  Dominica.   Dominican Republic 多米尼加共和国

= ཨི (E) =
* '''[[ཤར་ཊི་མོར་]]''' –  ཤར་ཊི་མོར་དམངས་གཙོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste 东帝汶民主共和国
* '''[[ཨེ་ཁོའོ་ཌོར་]]''' – ཨེ་ཁོའོ་ཌོར་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Ecuador 厄瓜多尔共和国;
* '''[[ཨི་ཇིབ་]]''' – ཨི་ཇིབ་ཨ་རབ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Arab Republic of Egypt 阿拉伯埃及共和国
* '''[[ཨིལ་སལ་ཝ་ཌོར་]]''' – ཨིལ་སལ་ཝ་ཌོར་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of El Salvador 萨尔瓦多共和国 
* '''[[ཨི་ཁཱ་ཊོ་རལ་དགེ་ནེ་]]''' – ཨི་ཁུའ་ཊོ་རལ་གི་ནེ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Equatorial Guinea 赤道几内亚共和国
* '''[[ཨེ་ཁོའོ་ཌོར་]]''' – ཨེ་ཁོའོ་ཌོར  Ecuador 厄瓜多尔（南美洲西北海岸的国家
* '''[[ཨི་རི་ཏྲའ་]]''' – ཨི་རི་ཏྲའ་མངའ་སྡེ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ State of Eritrea 厄立特里亚国
* '''[[ཨི་སུ་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་]]''' – ཨི་སུ་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Estonia 爱沙尼亚共和国
* '''[[ཨི་ཐོ་པེ་ཡ་]]''' – ཨི་ཐོ་པེ་ཡ་དམངས་གཙོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚联邦民主共和国
= ཧྥ (F) =
* '''[[ཧྥོ་ཁི་ལན་ཌི་གླིང་ཚོམ་]]''' – ཧྥོ་ཁི་ལན་ཌི་གླིང་ཚོམ    དབྱིན་ཇིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས  Falkland Islands 福克兰群岛
* '''[[ཧྥི་ཇི་]]''' – ཧྥེ་ཇི་གླིང་ཚོམ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ  Republic of the Fiji Islands 斐济群岛共和国
* '''[[ཧྥིན་ལན་ཌི་]]''' –  ཧྥིན་ལན་ཌི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ  Republic of Finland 芬兰共和国
* '''[[ཧྥ་རན་སི་]]''' – ཧྥ་རན་སི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ  French Republic 法兰西共和国
* '''[[ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་ཕོ་ལི་ནེ་ཤི་ཡ་]]''' – ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་ཕོ་ལི་ནེ་ཤི་ཡ ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས  French Polynesia 法属波利尼西亚
* '''[[ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་དགེ་ཡ་ན་]]''' – དགེ་ཡ་ན་  Guiana  ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས  French Guiana 法属圭亚那
= ཇི་ ག (G) =
* '''[[དགའ་བྷོན་]]''' – Gabon, དགའ་བྷོན་སྤྱིན་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ The Gabonese Republic 加蓬共和国
* '''[[སྒམ་བྷེ་ཡ་]]''' – སྒམ་བྷེ་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of The Gambia 冈比亚共和国
* '''[[ལྗོར་ཇི་ཡ་]]'''-  ལྗོར་ཇི་ཡ་ Georgia  即格鲁吉亚
* '''[[འཇར་མན་]]''' – འཇར་མན་མནའ་འབྲེལ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Federal Republic of German 德国
* '''[[དགའ་ན་]]''' – དགའ་ན་ Ghana དགའ་ན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ  The Republic of Ghana 加纳共和国
* '''[[གྷི་རིག་]]''' – གྷི་རིག་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ / ཀེ་རི་སི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Greece, Hellenic Republic 希腊共和国
* '''[[ག་རི་ན་ཌ་]]''' – ག་རི་ན་ཌ Grenada  格林纳达
* '''[[གྷི་རིན་ལན་ཌི་]]''' –  གྷི་རིན་ལན་ཌི  ཌན་མར་ཀིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་ Greenland 格陵兰岛
* '''[[དགའ་རྡི་ལུབ་]]''' – དགའ་རྡི་ལུབ  ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས  Guadeloupe 瓜德罗普
* '''[[སྒའམ་]]''' – སྒ་འམ་     ཨ་རིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས Guam 关岛
* '''[[སྒོ་ཊེ་མ་ལ]]''' – སྒོ་ཊེ་མ་ལ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Guatemala 危地马拉共和国
* '''[[སྒེ་ནི་ཡ་]]''' – སྒེ་ནི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Guinea 几内亚共和国
* '''[[སྒེ་ནི་ཡ་བྷེ་སོ་]]''' –སྒེ་ནི་ཡ་བྷེ་སོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ Republic of Guinea-Bissau 几内亚比绍
* '''[[གྷུ་ཡ་ན་]]''' – གྷུ་ཡ་ན་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ  Co-operative Republic of Guyana 圭亚那合作共和国

= ཧ (H) =
* '''[[ཧེ་ཊེ་]]''' – ཧེ་ཊེ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Haiti 海地共和国
* '''[[ཧོན་ཏུ་ར་སུ་]]''' – ཧོན་ཏུ་ར་སུ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Honduras 洪都拉斯共和国
* '''[[ཧུང་གྷ་རི་]]''' – ཧུང་གྷ་རི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Hungary 匈牙利共和国

= ཡི (I) =
* '''[[ཨེ་སུ་ལན་ཌི་]]''' – ཨེ་སུ་ལན་ཌི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Iceland 冰岛共和国
* '''[[རྒྱ་གར་]]''' – རྒྱ་གར་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of India 印度共和国
* '''[[ཨིན་རྡུ་ནི་ཤིས་ཡ་]]''' – ཨིན་རྡུ་ནི་ཤིས་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Indonesia 印度尼西亚共和国
* '''[[ཏ་ཟིག་]]''' – ཏ་ཟིག་ཁ་ཆེ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Islamic Republic of Iran 伊朗伊斯兰共和国
* '''[[ཨི་རག་]]''' – ཨི་རག་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Iraq 伊拉克共和国
* '''[[ཨར་ལན་ཌི་]]''' - Republic of Ireland 爱尔兰共和国
* '''[[ཨི་ཛུ་རལ་]]''' – ཨི་ཛུ་རལ་མངའ་སྡེ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ State of Israel 以色列国
* '''[[ཨི་ཊ་ལི་]]''' – Italy   ཨི་ཊ་ལི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ  Italian Republic 意大利共和国

= འཇའ་ (J) =
* '''[[འཇའ་མེ་ཀ་]]'''– Jamaica 牙买加
* '''[[ཇོར་ཌན་]]''' – ཇོར་ཌན Jordan  ཇོར་ཌན་རྒྱལ་པོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ    Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan 约旦哈希姆王国
* '''[[ཉི་ཧོང་]]''' – ཉི་ཧོང་ Japan ཉི་ཧོང་'日本

= ཀ (K) =
* '''[[ཧ་སག་]]''' – ཧ་སག་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Kazakhstan 哈萨克斯坦共和国
* '''[[ཁེན་ཡ་]]''' – ཁེན་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ Republic of Kenya 肯尼亚共和国
* '''[[ཀི་རི་བྷ་ཏི་]]''' – ཀི་རི་བྷ་ཏི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Kiribati 基里巴斯共和国
* '''[[བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]''' – ཀོ་རི་ཡ། མི་སེར་དམངས་གཙོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།   North Korea
* '''[[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ]]''' – Republic of Korea
* '''[[ཁོ་སོ་ཝོ་]]''' – ཁོ་སོ་ཝོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Kosovo 科索沃共和国
* '''[[ཁི་ཝེ་ཏ་]]''' –  ཁི་ཝེ་ཏ་ State of Kuwait 科威特
* '''[[ཁུར་དགེ་སུ་ཏན་]]''' – ཁུར་དགེ་སུ་ཏན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Kyrgyzstan Republic 吉尔吉斯斯坦共和国

= ལ (L) =
* '''[[ལའོ་སུ་]]''' – Laos   ལའོ་སུ་མི་མང་དམངས་གཙོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ  Lao People's Democratic Republic 老挝人民民主共和国
* '''[[ལ་ཊི་ཝེ་ཡ་]]''' – Republic of Latvia 拉脱维亚共和国
* '''[[ལེ་བྷི་ནོན་]]''' – ལེ་བྷི་ནོན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་  Republic of Lebanon 黎巴嫩共和国
* '''[[ལེ་སོ་ཐོ་]]''' – རྒྱལ་གཞས་ལེ་སོ་ཐོ་ Kingdom of Lesotho 莱索托王国
* '''[[ལི་བྷེ་རི་ཡ་]]''' – Republic of Liberia 利比里亚共和国
* '''[[ལི་བྷི་ཡ་]]''' –  Libya
* '''[[ལེ་ཆུ་ཏན་སི་ཏུན་]]''' – ལེ་ཆུ་ཏན་སི་ཏུན་ Principality of Liechtenstein 列支敦士登公国
* '''[[ལེ་ཏོས་ནི་ཡ་]]''' – ལེ་ཏོས་ནི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Lithuania 立陶宛共和国
* '''[[ལེགས་སུམ་བྷེར་]]''' – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg 卢森堡大公国

= མ (M) =
* '''[[མ་སེ་ཌོ་ནི་ཡ་]]''' – མ་སེ་ཌོ་ནི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Macedonia 马其顿共和国 
* '''[[མ་ད་གཱ་སི་ཀར་]]''' – མ་ད་གཱ་སི་ཀར་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ Republic of Madagascar 马达加斯加共和国
* '''[[མ་ལ་ཝེ་]]''' – མ་ལ་ཝེ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Malawi་马拉维共和国
* '''[[མ་ལ་ཤི་ཡ་]]''' – མ་ལ་ཤི་ཡ་མནའ་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Feration of Malaysia 马来西亚联邦
* '''[[མལ་དི་ཝེ་སུ་]]''' – མལ་དི་ཝེ་སུ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Maldives 马尔代夫共和国
* '''[[མ་ལི་]]''' – Republic of Mali 马里共和国
* '''[[མལ་ཏ་]]''' – མ་ལི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ Republic of Malta 马耳他共和国
* '''[[མར་ཤལ་གླིང་ཕྲན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་]]''' – མར་ཤལ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of the Marshall Islands 马绍尔群岛共和国
* '''[[མར་ཊི་ནི་ཀ་]]''' – མར་ཊི་ནི་ཀ    ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་  Martinique 马丁尼克岛
* '''[[མ་རི་ཏ་ནི་ཡ་]]''' – མ་རི་ཏ་ནི་ཡ་ཁ་ཆེ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Islamic Republic of Mauritania 毛里塔尼亚共和国
* '''[[མ་རི་ཊིའུ་སུ་]]''' – མ་རི་ཊིའུ་སུ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Mauritius 毛里求斯共和国
* '''[[མེག་སི་ཁོ་]]''' – Mexico  མེག་སི་ཁོ་མངའ་སྡེ་གཅིག་སྡུད United Mexican States 墨西哥合众国
* '''[[མེ་ཁུ་རི་ནེ་ཞི་ཡ་]]''' – མེ་ཁུ་རི་ནེ་ཞི་ཡ་མངའ་སྡེ་མནའ་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ   Federated States of Micronesia 密克罗尼西亚联邦
* '''[[མོལ་དོ་ཝ་]]''' – Republic of Moldova 摩尔多瓦共和国
* '''[[མོ་ནཱ་ཁོ་]]''' – མོལ་དོ་ཝ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Principality of Monaco 摩纳哥公国
* '''[[མོང་གོལ་]]''' - སོག་པོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Mongolia 蒙古共和国
* '''[[མོན་ཊེ་ནིག་རོ་]]''' –་མོན་ཊེ་ནིག་རོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Montenegro 黑山共和国
* '''[[མོན་ཚུ་ར་ཊི་]]''' –  མོན་ཚུ་ར་ཊི དབྱིན་ཇིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས Montserrat 蒙塞拉特
* '''[[མོ་རོ་ཁོ་]]''' – མོ་རོ་ཁོ་རྒྱལ་གཞིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Kingdom of Morocco 摩洛哥王国
* '''[[མོ་སམ་བྷི་ཁུ་]]''' – མོ་སམ་བྷི་ཁུ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Mozambique 莫桑比克共和国
* '''[[འབར་མ་]] / [[མེན་མཱར་]]''' – འབར་མ་མནའ་འབྲེལ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Union of Myanmar (Burma)缅甸联邦共和国

= ན (N) =
* '''[[ན་མི་བྷི་ཡ་]]''' – ན་མི་བྷི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Namibia 纳米比亚共和国
* '''[[ནའུ་རུ་]]''' – ནའུ་རུ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Nauru 瑙鲁共和国
* '''[[ནཱ་ཝ་སྭ་]]''' - ནཱ་ཝ་སཱ་གླིང་ཕྲན  ཨ་རིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་  Navassa 纳弗沙岛
* '''[[བལ་ཡུལ་]]''' – བལ་པོ་མནའ་མཐུན་དམངས་གཙོ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal 尼泊尔联邦民主共和国
* '''[[ནེ་རྡུར་ལན་ཌི་]]''' - – ནེ་རྡུར་ལན་ཌི་རྒྱལ་གཞིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Kingdom of the Netherlands 荷兰王国
* '''[[ནིའུ་ཛི་ལན་ཌི་]]''' - ནིའུ་ཛི་ལན་ཌི་ New Zealand 新西兰
* '''[[ཁ་ལི་ཌོ་ནི་ཡ་གསར་པ་]]''' – ཁ་ལི་ཌོ་ནི་ཡ་གསར་པ    ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས  New Caledonia 新喀里多尼亚
* '''[[ནེ་ཁུ་ར་གི་ཝ་]]''' – Republic of Nicaragua 尼加拉瓜共和国
* '''[[ནེ་ལྗུར་]]''' – ནེ་ལྗུར་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ Republic of Niger 尼日尔共和国
* '''[[ནེ་ལྗུ་རི་ཡ་]]''' – ནེ་ལྗུ་རི་ཡ་མནའ་འབྲེལ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Nigeria 尼日利亚联邦共和国
* '''[[ནིའུ་]]''' - ནིའུ་ཛི་ལན་ཌིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་   Niue 纽埃岛
* '''[[ནོར་ཧྥུ་ཁི་གླིང་ཕྲན་]]''' - ནོར་ཧྥུ་ཁི་གླིང་ཕྲན  ཨོ་སི་ཊི་ལི་ཡཱ་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་   Norfolk Island 诺福克岛
* '''[[བྱང་མ་རི་ན་གླིང་ཚོམ་]]''' - བྱང་མ་རི་ན་གླིང་ཚོམ  ཨ་རིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས Northern Mariana Islands 北马里亚那群岛
* '''[[བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]''' – North Korea བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་མི་མང་དམངས་གཙོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Democratic People's Republic of Korea 朝鲜民主主义人民共和国
* '''[[ནོར་ཝེ་]]''' - ནོར་ཝེ་རྒྱལ་པོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། Kingdom of Norway 挪威王国

= ཨོ (O) =

* '''[[ ཨུ་ཟ་བྷེ་ཁི་སི་ཐན་ ]]''' – ཨུ་ཟ་བྷེ་ཁི་སི་ཐན Uzbekistan ཨུ་ཟ་བྷེ་ཁི་སི་ཐན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Uzbekistan 乌兹别克斯坦共和国 
* '''[[ཨོ་མན་]]''' – ཨོ་མན་རང་སྐྱོང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Sultanate of Oman 阿曼苏丹国

= ཕ (P) =
* '''[[པ་ཀི་སི་སྟན་]]''' –པ་ཀི་སི་སྟན་ཁ་ཆེ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Islamic Republic of Pakistan 巴基斯坦伊斯兰共和国
* '''[[པ་ལའུ་]]''' – པ་ལའུ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Palau 贝劳共和国
* '''[[པ་ལི་སི་ཏན་]]''' – པ་ལི་སི་ཏན Palestine 巴勒斯坦
* '''[[པ་ན་མ་]]''' – པ་ན་མ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Panama.
* '''[[ཕ་པོས་དགེ་ནས་གསར་པ་]]''' – ཕ་པོས་དགེ་ནས་གསར་པ་རང་བཙན་མངའ་སྡེ Independent State of Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚独立国
* '''[[ཕ་རག་ཝེ་]]''' – ཕ་རག་ཝེ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Paraguay （Paraguay (/ˈpærəɡwaɪ/）巴拉圭共和国
* '''[[པེ་རུ་]]''' – པེ་རུ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Peru 秘鲁共和国
* '''[[ཧྤེ་ལི་པིན་]]''' – ཧྥེ་ལི་པིན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of the Philippines 菲律宾共和国
* '''[[པེ་ཊི་ཁིན་གླིམ་ཚོམ་]]''' –  པེ་ཊི་ཁིན་གླིམ་ཚོམ   དབྱིན་ཇིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས   Pitcairn Islands 皮特凯恩群岛
* '''[[ཕོ་ལན་ཌི་]]''' – ཕོ་ལན་ཌི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Poland 波兰共和国
* '''[[ཕོ་ཅུ་གྷལ་]]''' – ཕོ་ཅུ་གྷལ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Portuguese Republic 葡萄牙共和国
* '''[[ཕོར་ཏོ་གྲུ་ཁ་ / ཕུན་ཚོགས་གྲུ་ཁ་]]''' –    ཨ་རིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་ Puerto Rico 波多黎各
= ཁ (Q) =
* '''[[ཁ་ཏར་]]''' – ཁ་ཏར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ State of Qatar 卡塔尔国

= ར (R) =
* [[ཉི་ཧོང་]] - Japan ཉི་ཧོང་    ཉི་ཧོང་མངའ་སྡེ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ 日本州
* '''[[རོ་མ་ནི་ཡ་]]''' - རོ་མ་ནི་ཡ་ Romania 罗马尼亚
* '''[[ཨུ་རུ་སུ་]]''' – ཨུ་རུ་སུ་མནའ་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Russian Federation 俄罗斯联邦
* '''[[རོ་ཨན་ཌ]]''' – རོ་ཨན་ཌ] Rwanda རོ་ཨན་ཌ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ Republic of Rwanda 卢旺达共和国

= ས (S) =
* '''[[ས་བྷའ་གླིང་ཕྲན་]]''' – ས་བྷའ་གླིང་འཕྲན་   ནེ་རྡུར་ལན་ཌིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས Saba 萨巴岛
* '''[[དམ་པ་བྷར་ཐུལ་མེ་]]''' – དམ་པ་བྷར་ཐུལ་མེ་    ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་   Saint Barthelemy 圣巴特岛 法属圣巴特岛
* '''[[སཡིན་ཊ་ཀིཊ་སུ་དང་ནེ་ཊི་སུ་]]''' – Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis 圣基茨和尼维斯
* '''[[སི་ཊེ་ཞི་]]''' – ནེ་རྡུར་ལན་ཌིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་ Sent Eustatius             (also known affectionately to the locals as Statia (/ˈsteɪʃə/)
* '''[[སཱན་ཊ་ཀི་ཊ་སུ་དང་ནེ་བེེ་སུ་（དམ་པ་ཀི་ཊ་དང་ནེ་བེེ་སུ་）]]''' – Saint Kitts and Nevis
* '''[[སེན་ཊ་ལུ་ཤི་ཡ་]]'''– Saint Lucia 圣卢西亚岛
* '''[[དམ་པ་མ་ཏུན་]]'''– དམ་པ་མ་ཏུན་ ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་ Saint Martin 圣马丁岛
* '''[[སིན་ཊེ་མ་ཏུན་]]'''– སིན་ཊེ་མ་ཏུན་  ནེ་རྡུར་ལན་ཌིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་ Sint Maarten 荷属圣马丁岛
* '''[[དམ་པ་ཕེར་དང་མེ་ཁོ་ལོན་]]'''– དམ་པ་ཕེར་དང་མེ་ཁོ་ལོན  ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས  Saint Pierre and Miquelon 圣皮埃尔和密克隆
* '''[[དམ་པ་ཝེན་སིན་དང་གྷུ་རེ་ན་ཀྲུན་]]''' Saint vincent and The Grenadines 圣文森特和格林纳丁斯
* '''[[སོ་མོ་ཝ་]]''' – སོ་མོ་ཝ་རང་བཙན་མངའ་སྡེ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Independent State of Samoa 萨摩亚独立国
* '''[[སན་མ་རི་ནོ་]]''' – སན་མ་རི་ནོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Most Serene Republic of San Marino 圣马利诺共和国
* '''[[སའོ་ཊོ་མེ་དང་ཕུ་རིན་སེབ་]]''' –  སའོ་ཊོ་མེ་དང་ཕུ་རིན་སེབ་དམངས་གཙོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་  Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe
* '''[[ས་ཌི་ཨ་རབ་]]''' – ས་ཌི་ཨ་རབ་རྒྱལ་གཞིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ  Kingdom of Saudi Arabia་沙特阿拉伯王国
* '''[[སི་ནེ་གྷལ་]]''' – སི་ནེ་གྷལ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Senegal塞内加尔共和国
* '''[[སེར་བྷི་ཡ་]]''' – སེར་བྷི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Serbia 塞尔维亚共和国
* '''[[སེ་ཆེ་ལེ་སུ་]]''' – སེ་ཆེ་ལེ་སུ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Seychelles 塞舌尔共和国
* '''[[སི་ར་ལེ་ཨོན་]]''' – སི་ར་ལེ་ཨོན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Sierra Leone 塞拉利昂共和国
* '''[[སེང་གེ་ཕོར་]]''' – སེང་གེ་ཕོར་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Singapore 新加坡共和国
* '''[[སི་ལོ་ཝ་ཁི་]]''' – སི་ལོ་ཝ་ཁི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Slovakia.  Slovak Republic 斯洛伐克共和国
* '''[[སི་ལོ་ཝེ་ནི་ཡ་]]''' – སི་ལོ་ཝེ་ནི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Slovenia 斯洛文尼亚共和国
* '''[[སོ་ལོ་མོན་གླིང་ཚོམ་]]''' - སོ་ལོ་མོན་གླིང་ཚོམ་ Solomon Islands 所罗门群岛
* '''[[སོ་མ་ལི་ཡ་]]'''– Somalia སོ་མ་ལི་ཡ་དམངས་གཙོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ The Somalia Democratic Republic索马里联邦共和国
* '''[[ལྷོ་ཨ་ཧྥི་རི་ཀ་]]''' – ལྷོ་ཨ་ཧྥི་རི་ཀ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ Republic of South Africa 南非共和国
* '''[[ལྷོ་ལྗོར་ཇི་ཡ་དང་ལྷོ་སན་ཌི་ཝེ་གླིང་ཚོམ་]]''' – ལྷོ་ལྗོར་ཇི་ཡ་དང་ལྷོ་སན་ཌི་ཝེ་གླིང་ཚོམ  དབྱིན་ཇའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 南乔治亚岛与南桑威奇群岛
* '''[[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]''' – South Korea.  ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Korea 大韩民国
* '''[[ཨེ་སི་པན་ཡ་]]''' – ཨེ་སི་པན་ཡ་རྒྱལ་གཞིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Kingdom of Spain 西班牙王国
* '''[[སེང་ག་གླིང་]]''' – སེང་ག་གླིང་དམངས་གཙོ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རང་ལུགས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡民主社会主义共和国
* '''[[ལྷོ་སུའུ་ཏན་]]''' – སུའུ་ཏན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། South Sudan 南苏丹
* '''[[སུའུ་ཏན་]]''' – སུའུ་ཏན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། The Republic of the Sudan 苏丹共和国
* '''[[སུ་རི་ནེམ་]]''' – སུ་རི་ནེམ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Suriname 苏里南共和国
* '''[[སི་ཝ་ཟི་ལན་ཌི་]]''' – སི་ཝ་ཟིལ་ལན་ཌི་རྒྱལ་གཞིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ Kingdom of Swaziland 斯威士兰王国
* '''[[སི་ཝ་རིས་ཡ་]]''' – སི་ཝ་རིས་ཡ་རྒྱལ་གཞིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Kingdom of Sweden 瑞典王国
* '''[[ཤུ་ཝ་ཡི་ཙུ་]]''' – ཤུ་ཝ་ཡི་ཙུ Switzerland  ཤུ་ཝ་ཡི་ཙུ་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ  Swiss  Confederation 瑞士
* '''[[སི་རི་ཡ་]]''' –  Syria  སི་རི་ཡ་ཨ་རབ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Syrian Arab Republic  阿拉伯叙利亚共和国

= ཏ (T) =
* '''[[ཐ་ཇི་ཁེ་སི་ཏན]]''' – ཐ་ཇི་ཁེ་སི་ཏན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Tajikistan 塔吉克斯坦共和国
* '''[[ཏའི་ཝཱན་]]''' – Taiwan (Republic of China).
* '''[[ཏན་ཛ་ནི་ཡ]]''' – ཏན་ཛ་ནི་ཡ་གཅིག་སྡུད་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ United Republic of Tanzania 坦桑尼亚联合共和国
* '''[[གསེར་ལྡན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་]]''' – གསེར་ལྡན་རྒྱལ་གཞིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Kingdom of Thailand་泰王国
* '''[[ཤར་ཊི་མོར]]''''- ཤར་ཊི་མོར Timor-Leste་东帝汶
* '''[[ཊོ་གོལ་]]''' – ཊོ་གོལ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Togolese Republic 多哥共和国
* '''[[ཁྲོན་དགའ]]''' – ཁྲོན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་གཞིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Kingdom of Tonga 汤加王国
* '''[[ཊོ་སྒོ་།]]?????''' - ཊོ་སྒོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་  Togo,   Togolese Republic
* '''[[ཊོ་ཁི་ལོ]]''' - ནིའུ་ཛི་ལན་ཌིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས  Tokelau 即托克劳群岛
* '''[[ཏྲི་ནི་ཊ་དང་ཏྲོ་བྷ་གོ]]''' – ཏྲི་ནི་ཊ་དང་ཏྲོ་བྷ་གོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Trinidad and Tobago 特立尼达和多巴哥共和国
* '''[[ཁྲོ་ནི་སི་ཡཱ་]]''' – ཁྲོ་ནི་སི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ Tunisia, Tunisian Republic 突尼西亚
* '''[[ཏུར་ཀི་]]''' – ཏུར་ཀི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Turkey 土耳其共和国
* '''[[ཏུར་ཀེ་དང་ཁེ་ཁོ་སིན་གླིང་ཚོམ་]]''' – ཏུར་ཀེ་དང་ཁེ་ཁོ་སིན་གླིང་ཚོམ་  དབྱིན་ཇིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་  Turks and Caicos Islands 特克斯和凯科斯群岛
* '''[[ཏུར་ཀ་མེ་ནི་སུ་ཏན་]]''''- ཏུར་ཀ་མེ་ནི་སུ་ཏན་   Turkmenistan 土库曼斯坦
* '''[[ཏོས་བ་ལུང་]]''' - ཏོས་བ་ལུང་  Tuvalu 图瓦卢

= ཨུ (U) =
* '''[[ཡོས་གན་རྡ]]''' – ཡོས་གན་རྡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Uganda 乌干达共和国
* '''[[ཨུཀ་རཡི་ནི]]'''
* '''[[ཨ་རབ་ཨེ་མེར་གཅིག་སྒྲིལ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་]]'''– United Arab Emirates 阿拉伯联合酋长国
* '''[[དབྱིན་ཇ་]]''' – དབྱིན་ཇི་རྒྱལ་གཞིས་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་དང་བྱང་ཨར་ལན་ཌི  UK དབྱིན་ཇི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ    United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
* '''[[ཨོ་ཁི་རན]]''' – ཨོ་ཁི་རན Ukraine 乌克兰
* '''[[ཨ་རི]]''' – ཨ་མེ་རི་ཁ་མངའ་སྡེ་གཅིག་སྡུད United States of America 美国，美利坚合众国
* '''[[ཨ་རིའི་ཝེར་ལྗིན་གླིང་ཚོམ]]''' –  ཨ་རིའི་ཝེར་ལྗིན་གླིང་ཚོམ  ཨ་རིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་ US Virgin Islands 美属维尔京群岛
* '''[[ཤར་ཨོ་རག་ཝེ]]''' –  ཤར་ཨོ་རག་ཝེ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Eastern Republic of Uruguay 乌拉圭东部共和国
* '''[[ཨུ་ཟི་བྷེ་ཁུ་སི་ཏན་།]]''' – ཨུ་ཟི་བྷེ་ཁུ་སི་ཏན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་  Republic of Uzbekistan 乌兹别克斯坦共和国

= ཝ (V) =
* '''[[ཝ་ནུ་ཨ་ཏོ]]''' – ཝ་ནུ་ཨ་ཏོ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Republic of Vanuatu 瓦努阿图共和国
* '''[[ཝེ་ཏི་ལམ]]''' – ཝེ་ཏི་ལམ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རང་ལུགས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Socialist Republic of Vietnam  越南社会主义共和国
* '''[[ཝ་ཊི་ཁན་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]''' – ཝ་ཊི་ཁན་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Vatican City State 梵蒂冈城国
* '''[[ཝེ་ནི་ཙེ་ལ]]''' – Venezuela ཝེ་ནི་ཙེ་ལ་ བྷོ་ལི་ཝ་རན་ཝེ་ནི་ཙེ་ལ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela 委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国
* '''[[དབྱིན་ཇིའི་ཝེར་ལྗིན་གླིང་ཚོམ]]''' –  དབྱིན་ཇིའི་ཝེར་ལྗིན་གླིང་ཚོམ  དབྱིན་ཇིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་ British Virgin Islands 英属维京群岛

= ཝེ (W) =
* '''[[ཝེ་ཁུ་གླིང་ཕྲན]]''' – ཝེ་ཁུ་གླིང་ཕྲན་     ཨ་རིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས་  Wake Island 威克岛
* '''[[ཝ་ལེ་སི་དང་ཧྥོ་ཐོ་ཡ]]''' – ཝ་ལེ་སི་དང་ཧྥོ་ཐོ་ཡ  ཧྥ་རན་སིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁོངས   Wallis and Futuna [词典]	瓦利斯群岛和富图纳群岛

= ཞ (X) =
= ཡ (Y) =
* '''[[ཡེ་མན།]]''' – ཡེ་མན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ Republic of Yemen 也门共和国

= ཛ (Z) =
* '''[[རྫམ་བྷི་ཡ།]]''' –རྫམ་བྷི་ཡ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ Republic of Zambia 赞比亚共和国
* '''[[རྫེམ་བྷ་ཝེ།]]''' –རྫེམ་བྷ་ཝེ་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་  Republic of Zimbabwe 津巴布韦共和国


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      <comment>Created page with &quot;འདུལ་བ་ལུང་ལས། སྔོན་སངས་རྒྱས་འོད་སྲུངས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་ལ་རྒྱལ་ཆེ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="10307" xml:space="preserve">འདུལ་བ་ལུང་ལས། སྔོན་སངས་རྒྱས་འོད་སྲུངས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་ལ་རྒྱལ་ཆེན་སྡེ་བཞི་འདི་ནམ་མཁའ་ལྡིང་སྒྲ་སྙན་དང་། སྒྲ་ཆུང་དང་། ཀླུ་དབུགས་དང་། དབུགས་ཆེན་དུ་གྱུར་པ་ན་བཞི་ཡིས་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཤེས་ཏེ་དད་ནས་བསླབ་པའི་གཞི་བཟུང་། སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པའི་བསྟན་པ་ལ་འཇིག་རྟེན་སྐྱོང་བར་གྱུར་ཅིག་ཅེས་སྨོན་ལམ་བཏབ་པས། ནམ་མཁའ་ལྡིང་གཉིས་མིག་མི་བཟང་དང་། རྣམ་ཐོས་སྲས། ཀླུ་གཉིས་ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྲུང་དང་། འཕགས་སྐྱེས་པོར་གྱུར་ཏེ། སྟོན་པ་མངལ་དུ་བཞུགས་པ་ནས་བཟུང་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་བར་བསྲུངས། རབ་ཏུ་བྱུང་ན་རྡོའི་ལྷུང་བཟེད་ཀྱང་ཕུལ། དམ་པའི་ཆོས་དང་འཁོར་རྣམ་བཞི་སྲུང་བར་དམ་བཅས་ཤིང་། སྟོན་པས་ཀྱང་རྒྱུད་སྡེ་མང་བོའི་ལྷའི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་དུ་བཅུག་སྟེ་དབང་བསྐུར་རྒྱུད་ཀྱང་གཏད། སྟོན་པས་བསྟན་པ་ལྷ་ཁོ་ནར་གཏད་ན་བག་མེད་པའི་རྐྱེན་དང་། མི་ཁོ་ནར་གཏད་ན་ཚེ་ཐུང་བའི་སྐྱོན་ཡོད་པས། གཉིས་ཀར་གཏད་དགོས་དགོངས་པ་ན། ཕྱོགས་བཞི་ནས་རྒྱལ་ཆེན་བཞིས་འཇིག་རྟེན་པའི་ཚུལ་གྱིས་ཐུགས་བསྐྱེད་པ། སྟོན་པས་ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྲུང་དང་འཕགས་སྐྱེས་པོ་དབུས་པའི་རིགས་ཡིན་པས་དབུས་སྐད་དང་། མིག་མི་བཟང་། རྣམ་ཐོས་སྲས་གཉིས་མཐའ་འཁོབ་པའི་རིགས་ཡིན་པས་མཐའ་འཁོབ་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཀྱིས་ཆོས་གསུངས་པར། དེ་རྣམས་བག་ཆགས་སད་དེ་བདེན་པ་མཐོང་ཞིང་། རང་རང་གིས་བྲོ་བོར་བ་ལྟར་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་སྐྱོང་བར་ཞལ་གྱིས་བཞེས་སོ།།

丨རྣམ་ཐོས་སྲས། བྱང་ཕྱོགས་སུ་རྒྱལ་བོ་ཆེན་པོ་རྣམ་ཐོས་སྲས་སེར་པོ་ནོར་བུས་མཚན་པའི་བེ་ཅོན་དང་། གཏེར་གྱི་ནེའུ་འཛིན་པ། སྐུ་ལུས་སྦོམ་ཞིང་བཞད་པ། གཡས་གཡོན་ན་གཏེར་གྱི་བུམ་པ་དང་། རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཆུ་བོ་འབབ་པ། དར་དང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས་བརྒྱན་ཅིང་། དཔའ་ཞིང་བརྗིད་ལ་བཟོད་པར་དཀའ་བའི་གཟི་འོད་ཅན། སྤྱན་ཟླུམ་པོ་གདངས་པ། རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཡ་ལད་གསོལ་བ། ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུའི་ཅོད་པན་དང་བཅས་པའི་ཟེའུ་ཁ་ལ་སོགས་པ་འཁོར་ལོས་བསྒྱུར་བའི་ཆ་ལུགས་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགས་པ། རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཁྲི་དང་སེང་གེ་ལ་བཞུགས་པའོ།། དེད་དཔོན་ཆེན་པོ་གསེར་མདོག་ཅན།། བེ་ཅོན་དང་ནི་ནེའུ་ལེ་འཛིན།། གནོད་སྦྱིན་ཚོགས་ལ་དབང་བསྒྱུར་བའི།། རྣམ་ཐོས་སྲས་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ།། ཨོ་བེ་སྭཱ་ཧཱ།

丨ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྲུང་། ཤར་དུ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆེན་པོ་ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྲུང་དཀར་ལ་ལྗང་བའི་མདངས་ཅན། པི་ཝང་བརྡུང་ཞིང་ཞི་བའི་ཚུལ་ཅན། དར་དང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས་བརྒྱན་ཅིང་། བཟོད་པར་དཀའ་བའི་གཟི་འོད་ཅན། རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཡ་ལད་གསོལ་བ། འཁོར་ལོས་བསྒྱུར་བའི་ཆ་ལུགས་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགས་ཤིང་། རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཁྲི་དང་གླང་བོའི་གདན་ལ་གནས་པའོ།། རྒྱལ་བོ་ཆེན་པོ་དཔལ་ལྡན་པ།། མརྒད་མདོག་མཚུངས་པི་ཝང་འཛིན།། དྲི་ཟའི་ཚོགས་ལ་དབང་བསྒྱུར་བའི།། ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྲུང་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ།། ཨོ་ངྷྲི་སྭཱ་ཧཱ།
丨འཕགས་སྐྱེས་པོ། ལྷོ་རུ་རྒྱལ་བོ་ཆེན་པོ་འཕགས་སྐྱེས་པོ་སྔོ་བསངས་རལ་གྲི་འབར་བ་འཛིན་དང་། ཞལ་ཅུང་ཟད་ཁྲོ་བའི་ཉམས་དང་ལྡན་པ། དར་དང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས་ཡོངས་སུ་བརྒྱན་པ་དང་། དཔའ་ཞིང་བརྗིད་ལ་བཟོད་པར་དཀའ་བའི་གཟི་འོད་ཅན། རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཡ་ལད་གསོལ་ཞིང་། ཡིད་བཞིན་གྱི་ནོར་བུའི་ཅོད་པན་དང་བཅས་པའི་ཟེའུ་ཁ་ལ་སོགས་པ་འཁོར་ལོས་བསྒྱུར་བའི་ཆ་ལུགས་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགས་པ་དང་། རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཁྲི་དང་མ་ཧེའི་གདན་བཞུགས་པའོ།། དཔའ་བོ་ཆེན་པོ་སྟོབས་པོ་ཆེ།། ཁ་དོག་སྔོན་པོ་རལ་གྲི་འཛིན།། གྲུལ་བུམ་ཚོགས་ལ་དབང་བསྒྱུར་བའི།། འཕགས་སྐྱེས་པོ་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ།། ཨོ་བི་སྭཱ་ཧཱ།

丨སྤྱན་མི་བཟང་། ནུབ་ཏུ་རྒྱལ་བོ་ཆེན་པོ་མིག་མི་བཟང་དམར་པོ་འཛུལ་པ། ཕྱག་གཡས་པས་སྦྲུལ་ཞགས་འཛིན་པ་དང་། ཕྱག་གཡོན་པས་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་མཆོད་རྟེན་འཛིན་ཅིང་དེ་ལ་གཟིགས་པ་དང་། སྐྲ་སེར་འབར་བ་སྦྲུལ་མགོའི་གདེངས་ཀ་བདུན་དང་ལྡན་པ། དར་དང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས་བརྒྱན་ཅིང་། དཔའ་ཞིང་བརྗིད་ལ་བཟོད་པར་དཀའ་བའི་གཟི་འོད་ཅན། སྤྱན་ཟླུམ་པོ་གདངས་ཤིང་། རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཡ་ལད་གསོལ་བ། ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུའི་ཅོད་པན་དང་བཅས་པའི་ཟེའུ་ཁ་ལ་སོགས་པ་འཁོར་ལོས་བསྒྱུར་བའི་ཆ་ལུགས་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགས་ཤིང་། རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཁྲི་དང་ཀླུའི་གདན་ལ་བཞུགས་པའོ།། མངའ་བདག་ཆེན་པོ་མཐུ་བོ་ཆེ།། ཁ་དོག་དམར་སེར་སྦྲུལ་ཞགས་འཛིན།། ཀླུ་ཡི་ཚོགས་ལ་མངའ་མཛད་པའི།། མིག་མི་བཟང་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ།། ཨོ་ཀྴ་སྭཱ་ཧཱ། རྒྱལ་ཆེན་སྡེ་བཞིའི་བཀའ་གཏད་ནི་རྡོ་རྗེ་འཆང་དང་། ཕྱག་ན་རྡོ་རྗེས་བྷ་ཝ་བྷ་དྲ་ལ་གནང་བའི་བརྒྱུད་པ་བེེ་རོ་ཙ་ན་རཀྴི་ཏ་དང་སྟོད་ལུང་བེེ་རོས་ཞང་འཚལ་བ་ལ་གནང་བའི་བརྒྱུད་པ་སྟེ་འདི་དག་འཇིག་རྟེན་པའི་ཚུལ་དུ་གནས་པས་ན་མཆོད་བསྟོད་སོགས་གང་ཐད་ནས་འཇིག་རྟེན་པ་ལྟར་བསྟེན་ན་ལེགས་པའོ།།</text>
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    <redirect title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན" />
    <revision>
      <id>26799</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T16:03:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="77" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན]]</text>
      <sha1>3uqsff578u0d2il3r15t6glko9mpb6o</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>པ་ར་གུ་ཝའི།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4274</id>
    <redirect title="པ་ར་གུ་ཝའི" />
    <revision>
      <id>26977</id>
      <parentid>26803</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-05T01:11:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[པ་ར་གུ་ཝའི]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[པ་ར་གུ་ཝའི]]</text>
      <sha1>filjirldbqkv826xek62phugyhflnc8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨལ་བྷ་ནི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4275</id>
    <redirect title="ཨཱལ་བེ་ནི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>26806</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T16:17:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཨལ་བྷ་ནི་ཡ་]] to [[ཨཱལ་བེ་ནི་ཡ]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨཱལ་བེ་ནི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>lq58kb5v2onud66lr5a28dixhubed55</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨལ་ལྗེ་རི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4276</id>
    <redirect title="ཨཱལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>26808</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T16:19:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཨལ་ལྗེ་རི་ཡ་]] to [[ཨཱལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨཱལ་ཇི་རི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>sbajm85hpk6925wbp818co07hirxx9t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨ་རི</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4277</id>
    <redirect title="ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས" />
    <revision>
      <id>26810</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T16:20:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཨ་རི]] to [[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས]]</text>
      <sha1>q8p3r9s1j2q66f11jlpfye9ncmc9fmc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>དབྱིན་ཇ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4278</id>
    <redirect title="ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ" />
    <revision>
      <id>26812</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T16:21:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[དབྱིན་ཇ་]] to [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ]]</text>
      <sha1>scm2yuweiqpwngoli8jsbpczf4bg8lo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཏུར་ཀི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4279</id>
    <redirect title="བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག" />
    <revision>
      <id>26814</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T16:23:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཏུར་ཀི་]] to [[བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག]]</text>
      <sha1>idfvlbi0und0fcxrdcm9zmx2sv3kl27</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཕོ་ལན་ཌི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4280</id>
    <redirect title="པོ་ལེནཌི" />
    <revision>
      <id>26816</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T16:24:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཕོ་ལན་ཌི་]] to [[པོ་ལེནཌི]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[པོ་ལེནཌི]]</text>
      <sha1>p7rypa60f9469gib3moodba2gujddzd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཕ་རག་ཝེ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4281</id>
    <redirect title="པ་ར་གུ་ཝའི" />
    <revision>
      <id>26818</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T16:25:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཕ་རག་ཝེ་]] to [[པ་ར་གུ་ཝའི]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[པ་ར་གུ་ཝའི]]</text>
      <sha1>filjirldbqkv826xek62phugyhflnc8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Netherlands</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4282</id>
    <redirect title="ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26905</id>
      <parentid>26904</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T22:25:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 26904 by [[Special:Contributions/Impro|Impro]] ([[User talk:Impro|talk]])</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་]]</text>
      <sha1>8ywfes1iytu8fc97soetd4kw1ogz0v6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ནེ་རྡུར་ལན་ཌི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4283</id>
    <redirect title="ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26821</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T16:50:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་]]</text>
      <sha1>8ywfes1iytu8fc97soetd4kw1ogz0v6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Spain</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4284</id>
    <redirect title="སིཔཱེན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26823</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T16:58:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སིཔཱེན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[སིཔཱེན་]]</text>
      <sha1>h9k7jr961gs2eahimqwrmwv373tkfk7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Portugal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4285</id>
    <redirect title="པོར་ཅུ་གལ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26824</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T17:00:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[པོར་ཅུ་གལ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[པོར་ཅུ་གལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>r90fp1tuz7jn58obh9b4odtropy3gg0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sweden</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4286</id>
    <redirect title="སུའི་ཌན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26825</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T17:03:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སུའི་ཌན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[སུའི་ཌན་]]</text>
      <sha1>actp1w92ubaxbmpcsp6x3wo95gok302</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Norway</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4287</id>
    <redirect title="ནོ་ཝེ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26826</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T17:07:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ནོ་ཝེ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ནོ་ཝེ་]]</text>
      <sha1>lbnzni9xzb0k0q8itc01aqwkca98nq8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Switzerland</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4288</id>
    <redirect title="སུའིཊ་ཛར་ལེན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26828</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T17:17:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སུའིཊ་ཛར་ལེན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[སུའིཊ་ཛར་ལེན་]]</text>
      <sha1>m2p9iz1pqgfiqnr7du017josdikr630</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Czech Republic</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4289</id>
    <redirect title="ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26830</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T17:22:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="56" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་]]</text>
      <sha1>85ra2b98gk9ehg7c0esjak43rszvf6p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mongolia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4290</id>
    <redirect title="སོག་པོ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26832</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T17:38:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སོག་པོ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[སོག་པོ་]]</text>
      <sha1>s6mx15dbztsdyrv0jhi21zudnwtti7k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taiwan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4291</id>
    <redirect title="ཏའི་ཝཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26834</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:03:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཏའི་ཝཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཏའི་ཝཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>g3d0vnz8p25b6f34hwaqmhsazvosdfb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cambodia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4292</id>
    <redirect title="ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26835</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:05:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>fq9vuul4deru9kqpbiyp7pyxuza8xk3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Myanmar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4293</id>
    <redirect title="མེ་མར་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26836</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:07:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[མེ་མར་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[མེ་མར་]]</text>
      <sha1>l20x6dgqj2ohcfggeqwoy399xnbm02p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thailand</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4294</id>
    <redirect title="ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26979</id>
      <parentid>26837</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-09T00:39:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་]]</text>
      <sha1>c54zcjmqbo1ncjfvjxv5tz8dhh5qlfp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4295</id>
    <redirect title="ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26838</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:14:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>1mjcg7qqgk3wwi37gxybpr069lhzl8t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>North Korea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4296</id>
    <redirect title="བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26839</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:17:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>16khl0xwlr54llf2y88bv8sq3a65owt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sri Lanka</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4297</id>
    <redirect title="ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26840</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:21:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ་]]</text>
      <sha1>c6xuafkbfdczqdroj70hunf042v1516</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བལ་ཡུལ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4298</id>
    <redirect title="བལ་ཡུལ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26841</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:25:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བལ་ཡུལ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བལ་ཡུལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>0p3t7ngwgr0lexuucmqam2cr1qnnj6l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Malaysia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4299</id>
    <redirect title="མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26842</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:32:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>84ic5nn7ds9zrrr8xbher8kwq90uvy0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4300</id>
    <redirect title="མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26843</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:32:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>84ic5nn7ds9zrrr8xbher8kwq90uvy0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Afghanistan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4301</id>
    <redirect title="ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26844</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:35:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="56" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>pf8exdb29qau6nh58in1lh8b1s3x17y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨཕ་ག་ནིས་ཏཱན</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4302</id>
    <redirect title="ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26845</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:35:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="56" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>pf8exdb29qau6nh58in1lh8b1s3x17y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨི་རཱན</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4303</id>
    <redirect title="ཨི་རཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26846</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:37:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨི་རཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨི་རཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>l7h4grwauvj0dmv9gx573iyp44byg73</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iran</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4304</id>
    <redirect title="ཨི་རཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26847</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:38:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨི་རཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨི་རཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>l7h4grwauvj0dmv9gx573iyp44byg73</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lebanon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4305</id>
    <redirect title="ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26848</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:40:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན་]]</text>
      <sha1>jb9b3es9jb9etztwg4q2zdpj760gtd8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨིཛ་རཱེལ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4306</id>
    <redirect title="ཨིཛ་རཱེལ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26849</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:43:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨིཛ་རཱེལ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨིཛ་རཱེལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>0lfh3a0sv2k5e4fikzn7pbds29y9equ</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Israel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4307</id>
    <redirect title="ཨིཛ་རཱེལ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26850</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:44:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨིཛ་རཱེལ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨིཛ་རཱེལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>0lfh3a0sv2k5e4fikzn7pbds29y9equ</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཀུ་ཝེཊ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4308</id>
    <redirect title="ཀུ་ཝེཊ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26851</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:46:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀུ་ཝེཊ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀུ་ཝེཊ་]]</text>
      <sha1>pivf4l9sbfmkvy5e4lezdtsob1lr4z6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kuwait</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4309</id>
    <redirect title="ཀུ་ཝེཊ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26852</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:47:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀུ་ཝེཊ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀུ་ཝེཊ་]]</text>
      <sha1>pivf4l9sbfmkvy5e4lezdtsob1lr4z6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>United Arab Emirates</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4310</id>
    <redirect title="ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཨ་རབ་ཨེ་མི་རེཊསི་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26853</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:49:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཨ་རབ་ཨེ་མི་རེཊསི་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="98" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཨ་རབ་ཨེ་མི་རེཊསི་]]</text>
      <sha1>alw1wh9xp3e6twbfg336caq8hnx41uz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uzbekistan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4311</id>
    <redirect title="ཨུཛ་བེ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26854</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:52:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨུཛ་བེ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨུཛ་བེ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>cc0f69cerhlp2jtinlsukbrx72ce287</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tajikistan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4312</id>
    <redirect title="ཏ་ཇག་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26855</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:57:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཏ་ཇག་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="56" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཏ་ཇག་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>98a6iz3d5rmkttykn3g86b0toj4oak3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Qatar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4313</id>
    <redirect title="ཀ་ཏར་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26856</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T18:59:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀ་ཏར་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀ་ཏར་]]</text>
      <sha1>16hgu0aefv2bsqno633ke659cwjefho</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bahrain</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4314</id>
    <redirect title="བཧ་རེན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26857</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T19:02:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བཧ་རེན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བཧ་རེན་]]</text>
      <sha1>07mvwokmjje2tdsl1059pq1gjs4k0fs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྷ་རེན</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4315</id>
    <redirect title="བཧ་རེན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26858</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T19:02:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བཧ་རེན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བཧ་རེན་]]</text>
      <sha1>07mvwokmjje2tdsl1059pq1gjs4k0fs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Saudi Arabia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4316</id>
    <redirect title="སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26859</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T19:04:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="68" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>f9ibq2crebeothlaf2pbh6hp5bdznp9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chile</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4318</id>
    <redirect title="ཅི་ལེ" />
    <revision>
      <id>26862</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T19:24:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཅི་ལེ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཅི་ལེ]]</text>
      <sha1>fcig4k49dccx4xilcrhnuxg18m4v1mw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Japan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4319</id>
    <redirect title="ཇ་པཱན" />
    <revision>
      <id>27519</id>
      <parentid>26863</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-02-26T16:04:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ཇ་པཱན]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཇ་པཱན]]</text>
      <sha1>k89x3xkfz8o4522azl5iptx1i3me6my</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Germany</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4320</id>
    <redirect title="ཇཱར་མ་ནི" />
    <revision>
      <id>26865</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T19:38:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཇཱར་མ་ནི]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཇཱར་མ་ནི]]</text>
      <sha1>i2jmqdv3kt244u20c2y263pjmvie1yr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mexico</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4321</id>
    <redirect title="མེཀ་སི་ཀོ" />
    <revision>
      <id>26866</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T19:48:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[མེཀ་སི་ཀོ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[མེཀ་སི་ཀོ]]</text>
      <sha1>dp44g68l7bx3k9nptc0zs1jhsdxp6ea</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Russia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4322</id>
    <redirect title="ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན" />
    <revision>
      <id>26867</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T19:53:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="77" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ར་ཤི་ཡཱན་ཕེ་ཌི་རེ་ཤཱན]]</text>
      <sha1>3uqsff578u0d2il3r15t6glko9mpb6o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཀེ་ན་ཌ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4323</id>
    <redirect title="ཀེ་ན་ཌ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26868</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:01:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀེ་ན་ཌ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀེ་ན་ཌ་]]</text>
      <sha1>r8i92zn6plhsnj0en7d964rlytwkkvk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Canada</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4324</id>
    <redirect title="ཀེ་ན་ཌ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26869</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:02:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀེ་ན་ཌ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀེ་ན་ཌ་]]</text>
      <sha1>r8i92zn6plhsnj0en7d964rlytwkkvk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>United States</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4325</id>
    <redirect title="ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས" />
    <revision>
      <id>26870</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:05:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས]]</text>
      <sha1>12ljcuxbpzfm0tiv45gxua5jbnbdlot</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Croatia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4326</id>
    <redirect title="ཀུརོ་ཤི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>26871</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:08:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀུརོ་ཤི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀུརོ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>o0e64xi0w5gli8v0liq6ofvcvyk5eph</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kenya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4327</id>
    <redirect title="ཀེ་ནི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26872</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:12:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀེ་ནི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀེ་ནི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>0l75f3w8gj97lhgd350ueha84g97h5r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཀེ་ནི་ཡ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4328</id>
    <redirect title="ཀེ་ནི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26873</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:13:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀེ་ནི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀེ་ནི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>0l75f3w8gj97lhgd350ueha84g97h5r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Colombia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4329</id>
    <redirect title="ཀོ་ལོམ་བི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>26874</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:16:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀོ་ལོམ་བི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀོ་ལོམ་བི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>t1hlxvy6x86261k2wc0sl0apovnohl0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Italy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4330</id>
    <redirect title="ཨྀཊ་ལི་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26877</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:32:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨྀཊ་ལི་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨྀཊ་ལི་]]</text>
      <sha1>fsdryx7xu6t539a97pnqtbjjrk0zmdh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Greece</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4331</id>
    <redirect title="གྲྀས" />
    <revision>
      <id>26878</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:44:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[གྲྀས]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[གྲྀས]]</text>
      <sha1>hv6t794banaynqlnlf78n544lrdb25x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gabon</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4332</id>
    <redirect title="གྷེ་བྷོན" />
    <revision>
      <id>26879</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:46:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[གྷེ་བྷོན]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[གྷེ་བྷོན]]</text>
      <sha1>9l4svz3vfkamdagecbbvgmhqc3bk768</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gambia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4333</id>
    <redirect title="གྷེམ་བི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>26880</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:47:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[གྷེམ་བི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[གྷེམ་བི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>s66hua0ppu8xdqnlw55zrx4ioeaspsl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>New Zealand</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4334</id>
    <redirect title="ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26883</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T20:58:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ་]]</text>
      <sha1>h67bedlfwe23jug0o7m0a5dwhbkolgw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Finland</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4335</id>
    <redirect title="ཕིན་ལེནཌ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26888</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T21:10:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཕིན་ལེནཌ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཕིན་ལེནཌ་]]</text>
      <sha1>4rs3u7ifinawqvq9qpbd3z0cyu4u6ia</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vatican City</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4336</id>
    <redirect title="བ་ཊི་ཀཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26976</id>
      <parentid>26889</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-05T01:11:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[བ་ཊི་ཀཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བ་ཊི་ཀཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>la1bnzb6wnhxts5lfmd2sna978y88pl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brazil</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4337</id>
    <redirect title="བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26890</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T21:21:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>ce6qhya8hemnvkfz8ecxhxq7fl1rhfp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Morocco</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4338</id>
    <redirect title="མོ་རོ་ཀོ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27520</id>
      <parentid>26891</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-02-26T16:04:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[མོ་རོ་ཀོ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[མོ་རོ་ཀོ]]</text>
      <sha1>la2ir42vqtls57pso3uelgsualj6eih</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བཱེ་ནིན།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4339</id>
    <redirect title="བཱེ་ནིན" />
    <revision>
      <id>26893</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T21:28:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[བཱེ་ནིན།]] to [[བཱེ་ནིན]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བཱེ་ནིན]]</text>
      <sha1>lpx93h4d4a5k1lwl35rfoq15brkz9y5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Zimbabwe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4340</id>
    <redirect title="ཛིམ་བབ་ཝེ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26896</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T21:38:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཛིམ་བབ་ཝེ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཛིམ་བབ་ཝེ་]]</text>
      <sha1>2bq95138ohqlsxodjujy9vmiouqjzeq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>United Kingdom</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4341</id>
    <redirect title="ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ" />
    <revision>
      <id>26897</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T21:40:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ]]</text>
      <sha1>s1zdgtjrhk2mb9p54nsqi9u9865sdif</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ལེཊི་བི་ཡ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4343</id>
    <redirect title="ལེཊི་བི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>26902</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T21:47:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ལེཊི་བི་ཡ།]] to [[ལེཊི་བི་ཡ]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ལེཊི་བི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>hori1dtve7l1zckyjwdhak706oiyj2y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>South Korea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4344</id>
    <redirect title="ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26903</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T21:57:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>1mjcg7qqgk3wwi37gxybpr069lhzl8t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>South Africa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4345</id>
    <redirect title="སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26906</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T22:26:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་]]</text>
      <sha1>fv6v6vlzoyzrqcflx2hah64xe68tek3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨ་རུ་བ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4346</id>
    <redirect title="ཨ་རུ་བ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26971</id>
      <parentid>26910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T15:18:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Changed redirect target from [[ཨ་རུ་བ]] to [[ཨ་རུ་བ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨ་རུ་བ་]]</text>
      <sha1>1kyu74jsykrvjfequ4x2at7dnb6s9lv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨ་རུ་བ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4347</id>
    <redirect title="ཨ་རུ་བ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26912</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T22:46:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཨ་རུ་བ]] to [[ཨ་རུ་བ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨ་རུ་བ་]]</text>
      <sha1>1kyu74jsykrvjfequ4x2at7dnb6s9lv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨཛར་བཡེ་ཇན།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4350</id>
    <redirect title="ཨཛར་བཡེ་ཇན" />
    <revision>
      <id>26916</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-03T22:54:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཨཛར་བཡེ་ཇན།]] to [[ཨཛར་བཡེ་ཇན]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨཛར་བཡེ་ཇན]]</text>
      <sha1>7ymfje2cr8blg7s2xqeoof25wkbij81</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4351</id>
    <redirect title="བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26921</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T06:07:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ།]] to [[བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ་]]</text>
      <sha1>fvmhfdvzdlaz997rqp0foi0ik9sk3jt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བ་ཊི་ཀཱན།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4352</id>
    <redirect title="བ་ཊི་ཀཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26925</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T06:18:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[བ་ཊི་ཀཱན།]] to [[བ་ཊི་ཀཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བ་ཊི་ཀཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>la1bnzb6wnhxts5lfmd2sna978y88pl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4353</id>
    <revision>
      <id>26941</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T08:12:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]] [[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="84" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]
[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>21a9vwrf20e70eyh5fh877g9y5q1mj0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨེ་ཤར་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4354</id>
    <redirect title="ཨེ་ཤར་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27148</id>
      <parentid>26947</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T08:19:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Changed redirect target from [[འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དག་གི་མིང་རྫོང་དབྱིན་རྒྱ་གསུམ་ཤན་བསྦྱར]] to [[ཨེ་ཤར་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨེ་ཤར་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>kj0nwhnchbwtzje6gdogp7v0o3sc928</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྒྱ་མི།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4355</id>
    <redirect title="རྒྱ་མི" />
    <revision>
      <id>26948</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T12:15:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[རྒྱ་མི]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[རྒྱ་མི]]</text>
      <sha1>ojjox7rmgsbec72d9f7fqjh6u3zt0fv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>སོག་པོ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4356</id>
    <redirect title="སོག་པོ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26949</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T12:17:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སོག་པོ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[སོག་པོ་]]</text>
      <sha1>s6mx15dbztsdyrv0jhi21zudnwtti7k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4357</id>
    <redirect title="ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26950</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T12:19:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>fq9vuul4deru9kqpbiyp7pyxuza8xk3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མེ་མར།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4358</id>
    <redirect title="མེ་མར་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26951</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T12:21:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[མེ་མར་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[མེ་མར་]]</text>
      <sha1>l20x6dgqj2ohcfggeqwoy399xnbm02p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4359</id>
    <redirect title="ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26956</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T12:49:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ]] to [[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་]]</text>
      <sha1>c54zcjmqbo1ncjfvjxv5tz8dhh5qlfp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4360</id>
    <redirect title="ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26957</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T12:51:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་]]</text>
      <sha1>c54zcjmqbo1ncjfvjxv5tz8dhh5qlfp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4361</id>
    <redirect title="ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26958</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T14:45:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>1mjcg7qqgk3wwi37gxybpr069lhzl8t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4362</id>
    <redirect title="བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26959</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T14:46:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བྱང་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>16khl0xwlr54llf2y88bv8sq3a65owt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྒྱ་གར།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4363</id>
    <redirect title="རྒྱ་གར" />
    <revision>
      <id>26960</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T14:48:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[རྒྱ་གར]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[རྒྱ་གར]]</text>
      <sha1>tgq5j48r59jdklctnl5uvbm0au7j0dq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བལ་ཡུལ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4364</id>
    <redirect title="བལ་ཡུལ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26961</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T14:49:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བལ་ཡུལ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བལ་ཡུལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>0p3t7ngwgr0lexuucmqam2cr1qnnj6l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4365</id>
    <redirect title="བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ" />
    <revision>
      <id>26962</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T14:50:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ]]</text>
      <sha1>rwrc1yp8neagdmpcnk9sd5y7u4s3av0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4366</id>
    <redirect title="མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26963</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T14:52:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>84ic5nn7ds9zrrr8xbher8kwq90uvy0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4367</id>
    <redirect title="ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26964</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T14:53:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="56" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>pf8exdb29qau6nh58in1lh8b1s3x17y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨི་རཱན།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4368</id>
    <redirect title="ཨི་རཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>26965</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T14:54:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨི་རཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨི་རཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>l7h4grwauvj0dmv9gx573iyp44byg73</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Argentina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4369</id>
    <redirect title="ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན" />
    <revision>
      <id>26973</id>
      <timestamp>2018-06-04T15:24:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན]]</text>
      <sha1>82qj4jhlmt4kk5g7xawjhp6a6ig1hzg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྡོ་སྦིས་གསེར་མོ་གཞོངས</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4373</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28590</id>
      <parentid>28554</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-10-10T15:04:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>-</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7699" xml:space="preserve">རྡོ་སྦིས་་ཡུལ་ནི་རྨ་ཡུལ་སྟོད་སྨད་བར་གསུམ་དུ་ཕྱེད་པའི་བར་མ།  རྨ་ཆུའི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས།  ལུང་བའི་ལྷོ་བྱང་རིང་ལ་ཤར་ནུབ་དོག  སྤྱིའི་རྒྱ་ཁྱོན་ལ་སྤྱི་ལེ་གྲུ་བཞི་མ་༣༢་ཡས་མས།  གཞུང་ཆུ་བྱང་དུ་བབས་ཏེ་རྨ་ཆུ་དང་འདྲེས།  བྱང་མ་གཏོགས་ཕྱོགས་གསུམ་དུ་མགོ་གཡའ་དང་རྫ། སྐེད་བྲག་དང་སྤང་ལས་གྲུབ་པ། ལྕགས་རི་ལྟར་རི་བརྒྱུད་ཆེན་པོ་གཅིག་ལ་ཤར་དུ་མཚོ་ནག་སྟོང་རི་རྒྱ་མོཀ༼རྒ་མོ༽། ལྷོར་ཨ་མྱེས་ད་རྒྱལ་སྤུན་གསུམ།  ནུབ་ཏུ་ཨ་མྱེས་གུང་ཡེ་དང་། ཡན་ལག་གི་རི་ཕྲན་གཉིས་ལ།  ཨ་མྱེས་དཔལ་མཁར་དང་།  ཨ་མྱེས་ཁྱུང་རྩེ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་སྐོར་བ། སྟོང་རི་རྒྱ་མོ་དང་གནས་རི་ཏན་ཏིག་བར་ནས་རྨ་ཀླུང་ཕྱུག་མོ་ཤར་དུ་བྱམས་པ་འབུམ་གླིང་གི་ཕྱོགས་སུ་དྲག་ཏུ་འབབ། ཀ་ཆུ་མཁར་རྙིང་ཡུལ་དེའི་ཤར་ལྷོར་སྤྱི་ལེ་བརྒྱད་ཅུའི་མཚམས་དང་།  ལྷོ་རུ་ཕྱོགས་བཅུ་གཉན་ཆེན།  ལྷོ་ནུབ་ན་གཡུང་དྲུང་མཁར་རྙིང་། ལར་ཁ་བྱང་གཏད་ཀྱི་ལུང་བ། ཤར་ནུབ་ཀྱི་རི་བརྒྱུད་ནས་ཐང་གཤོངས་སུ་ཟུག་པའི་རི་ཕྲན་དག་ནི་སྟག་གི་རི་མོ་དང་འདྲ་ལ།  ཡུལ་དེའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཤིག་ཡིན། 

ནུབ་ཀྱི་རི་ཕྲན་རྣམས་ཀྱི་བྱང་ངོས་དག་ཏུ་ནགས་ཚལ་ཆུང་ཆུང་ལ།  གསོམ་ཤིང་དང་སྟག་ཤིང་། གླང་མ།  སྨན་རྩྭའང་འགའ་རེ་ཡོད། 

ཤར་ནས་ནུབ་ཏུ་ཟུག་པའི་རི་ཕྲན་དག་ནི་ས་དམར་ཡིན།  གཞུང་ཆུའི་གཡས་གཡོན་གྱི་གཞོང་དང་རི་ཕྲན་དག་གི་བར་གསེང་ན་རྡོ་སྦིས་དུ་ཁ་སྟོང་།  སྡེ་བ་ཉེར་གསུམ། མི་གྲངས་གཅིག་ཁྲི་ཉིས་སྟོང་ཙམ།  སྟོད་སྨད་བར་གསུམ་དུ་གནས་ཡོད།    

རི་དྭགས་གནའ་བ།  དགོ་བ། ཤྭ་བ། གླ་བ། གཅན་ཟན་སྤྱང་ཀི  ཝ། གཡི། ཕྱུགས་སྲོག་འབྲི་གཡག  མཛོ་མཛོ་མོ། བ་བ་མོ། རྟ་དྲེལ་བོང་གསུམ་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཉུང་།  རོང་འབྲོག་འདྲེས་མར་གནས། ཤར་གྱི་འདམ་རིའི་མགོ་དང་ལུང་སྟོད་མཚམས་དག་རི་མ་དང་།  ནུབ་ཀྱི་རི་འདབས་དམའ་ས་དང་།  གཞུང་ཆུའི་གཡས་གཡོན་རྣམས་ཆུ་མ།  འབྲུ་རིགས། གྲོ ནས། སྲན་གསུམ། སྲད་མ། ཤིང་ཏོག་གི་རིགས་ཉུང་།  མཁར་ཤུལ་རྙིང་བ་བཞི་ཙམ་ཡོད་ཀྱང་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཤེས་མཁན་ཉུང་། 

ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མྱ་ངན་མེད་ཀྱི་སྐབས་དགྲ་བཅོམ་ལྔ་བརྒྱས་བཞེངས་པའི་མཆོད་རྟེན་ནི་ལུང་བའི་སྨད་སྟོད་དུ་གནས།  ་ནང་སོའི་རྒྱུད་པ་ཡོད་ཀྱང་ངོ་ཤེས་མཁན་ཉུང་། མི་རྣམས་ནི་རྟབ་བེ་རྟོབ་བེ།  ཚབ་བི་ཚུབ་བི།  ཡུལ་སྐད་ལ་བརྡ་རྙིང་མང་བས་རིན་ཐང་ཆེ། ཆོས་ལུགས་ནི་བོན་༼གདོད་བོན༽དང་དམ་ཆོས་འདྲེས་མར་བྱེད། ཧ་ལམ་སྡེ་རེ་ལ་དགོན་རེ་ཡོད།  དེ་དག་ལ་སྒོམ་གྲྭ་དང་སྒར་དུ་འབོད།  བླ་མ་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཧ་ཅང་དཀོན།  གྲྭ་བ་རྣམས་གྲོང་ཆོག་བདའ་ཤེས་པ་ཙམ་གྱིས་འཐུས། སྒམ་པ་ལ་མཐོང་མེད། ཕྱུག་པོ་ལ་དབང་ཐང་ཆེ། འགྲན་སེམས་ཆེ། གདོང་ན་འཛུམ་མེད། ཕ་ཡུལ་དུ་འདུག་མཁན་ནི་འདྲ་མེད་དུ་རྩི།  ཤེས་ཡོན་པ་རྣམས་འཆི་ཁར་མ་གཏོགས་ཕ་ཡུལ་དུ་མི་ལོག  ཆོས་གོ་མཁན་ཉུང་ལ་རྨོངས་དད་ཆེ།  བྱིས་པའི་རྒྱུགས་ལྷ་ལ་བཅོལ།  ཤ་མེད་པར་སྐུ་རིམ་མི་བྱ། སྨྱུང་གནས་ནི་ཡོང་སྒོ་བཟང་བོ་རྩི། མ་བྱིན་ལེན་ལ་སྐྱོན་དུ་མི་རྩི།   དུ་འཐེན་དང་ཆང་འཐུང་མང་། རྡོ་རྩིག་བཟོ་ལས་སྐད་གྲགས་ཆེ།  སྙིང་ཆུང་། ཡུལ་དུ་ཕྱིའི་དགྲ་བྱུང་ནའང་མ་གོ་ཁུལ་བྱེད། རྐང་ཐང་དུ་འགྲོ་ན་ངོ་ཚ་རྩི།  ཕྱི་ཡོང་མགྲོན་པོ་ལ་ཡོལ་ནས་འགྲོ བུད་མེད་ལོ་ཆུང་གི་གདོང་མི་སྟོན།   འགྱིག་ལྭ་གྱོན།  གཡུ་རྫུན་དང་བྱུ་རྫུན་རྒྱན་དུ་འདོགས།   མནའ་མ་རིན་གྱིས་ཉོ། གཞན་སྐྱོན་གསང་ཁུལ་གྱིས་གླེང་། ས་བོན་དང་མཉམ་དུ་ཞིང་ལ་དུག་འདེབས།  བོད་ཟས་ལས་དེང་རབ་ཀྱི་ཟས་ཡག་པར་རྩི།   སྐྱེས་ཆེན་དམ་པ་འགའ་རེ་འཁྲུངས་མྱོང་། ༼མུ་འགོད༽</text>
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      <text bytes="505" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Flag of China.svg|right|150px]]

[[File:People's Republic of China (orthographic projection).svg |right|541px]]

'''ཀྲུང་ཀོ་ / རྒྱ་ནག་ '''– ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ People's Republic Of China 中华人民共和国


---------

* [[རྒྱ་ནག]]
* [[རྒྱ་མི]]


* [[བོད།]]
** [[ལྷ་ས་]]
** [[བོད་སྐད]]


[[Category:རྒྱ་ནག| ]]</text>
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== ལྒཇིཏེརཏུརེ ==

* Энциклопедия. Т. 3, кн. 1. Брестская область / под наук. рэд. А. И. Лакоткі. — Мн.: , 2006.
[[Category:ནསེལེནངཡེ་ཕུནཐཡ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>གསེར་ལྡན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4399</id>
    <redirect title="ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27055</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T14:26:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཐཱའི་ལེནཌ་]]</text>
      <sha1>jt3fs244ia9bhhxeighhqcncgcw2ffe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཐ་ཇི་ཁེ་སི་ཏན</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4400</id>
    <redirect title="ཏ་ཇག་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27056</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T14:29:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཏ་ཇག་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="56" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཏ་ཇག་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>98a6iz3d5rmkttykn3g86b0toj4oak3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྫེམ་བྷ་ཝེ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4401</id>
    <redirect title="ཛིམ་བབ་ཝེ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27060</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T14:42:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[རྫེམ་བྷ་ཝེ།]] to [[ཛིམ་བབ་ཝེ་]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཛིམ་བབ་ཝེ་]]</text>
      <sha1>i9z8s3kqec6bbsxae2aab0yb4heq64g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཤུ་ཝ་ཡི་ཙུ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4402</id>
    <redirect title="སུའིཊ་ཛར་ལེན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27061</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T14:45:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སུའིཊ་ཛར་ལེན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[སུའིཊ་ཛར་ལེན་]]</text>
      <sha1>m2p9iz1pqgfiqnr7du017josdikr630</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>སི་ཝ་རིས་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4403</id>
    <redirect title="སུའི་ཌན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27062</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T14:49:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སུའི་ཌན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[སུའི་ཌན་]]</text>
      <sha1>actp1w92ubaxbmpcsp6x3wo95gok302</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>སེང་ག་གླིང་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4404</id>
    <redirect title="ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27063</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T14:53:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཤྲཱྀ་ལངཀ་]]</text>
      <sha1>c6xuafkbfdczqdroj70hunf042v1516</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨེ་སི་པན་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4405</id>
    <redirect title="སིཔཱེན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27064</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T14:56:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སིཔཱེན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[སིཔཱེན་]]</text>
      <sha1>h9k7jr961gs2eahimqwrmwv373tkfk7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ལྷོ་ཨ་ཧྥི་རི་ཀ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4406</id>
    <redirect title="སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27065</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T14:59:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[སའུཐ་ཨཕ་རི་ཀ་]]</text>
      <sha1>fv6v6vlzoyzrqcflx2hah64xe68tek3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ས་ཌི་ཨ་རབ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4407</id>
    <redirect title="སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27066</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T15:02:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="68" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[སའུ་དི་ཨེ་ར་སྦི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>f9ibq2crebeothlaf2pbh6hp5bdznp9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཁ་ཏར་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4408</id>
    <redirect title="ཀ་ཏར་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27067</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T15:05:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀ་ཏར་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀ་ཏར་]]</text>
      <sha1>16hgu0aefv2bsqno633ke659cwjefho</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཕོ་ཅུ་གྷལ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4409</id>
    <redirect title="པོར་ཅུ་གལ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27068</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T15:08:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[པོར་ཅུ་གལ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[པོར་ཅུ་གལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>r90fp1tuz7jn58obh9b4odtropy3gg0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ནོར་ཝེ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4410</id>
    <redirect title="ནོ་ཝེ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27069</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T15:12:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ནོ་ཝེ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ནོ་ཝེ་]]</text>
      <sha1>lbnzni9xzb0k0q8itc01aqwkca98nq8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ནིའུ་ཛི་ལན་ཌི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4411</id>
    <redirect title="ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27070</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T15:16:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ནིའུ་ཛི་ལེནཌ་]]</text>
      <sha1>h67bedlfwe23jug0o7m0a5dwhbkolgw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>འབར་མ་ / མེན་མཱར་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4412</id>
    <redirect title="མེ་མར་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27071</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T15:20:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[མེ་མར་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[མེ་མར་]]</text>
      <sha1>l20x6dgqj2ohcfggeqwoy399xnbm02p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>འབར་མ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4413</id>
    <redirect title="མེ་མར་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27073</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T15:22:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[མེ་མར་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[མེ་མར་]]</text>
      <sha1>l20x6dgqj2ohcfggeqwoy399xnbm02p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མེན་མཱར་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4414</id>
    <redirect title="མེ་མར་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27074</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T15:24:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[མེ་མར་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[མེ་མར་]]</text>
      <sha1>l20x6dgqj2ohcfggeqwoy399xnbm02p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མོ་རོ་ཁོ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4415</id>
    <redirect title="མོ་རོ་ཀོ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27526</id>
      <parentid>27075</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-02-26T16:04:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[མོ་རོ་ཀོ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[མོ་རོ་ཀོ]]</text>
      <sha1>la2ir42vqtls57pso3uelgsualj6eih</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མོང་གོལ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4416</id>
    <redirect title="སོག་པོ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27076</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T15:30:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[སོག་པོ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[སོག་པོ་]]</text>
      <sha1>s6mx15dbztsdyrv0jhi21zudnwtti7k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མེག་སི་ཁོ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4417</id>
    <redirect title="མེཀ་སི་ཀོ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27077</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T15:36:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[མེཀ་སི་ཀོ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[མེཀ་སི་ཀོ]]</text>
      <sha1>dp44g68l7bx3k9nptc0zs1jhsdxp6ea</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མ་ལ་ཤི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4418</id>
    <redirect title="མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27079</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T15:42:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>84ic5nn7ds9zrrr8xbher8kwq90uvy0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lithuania</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4419</id>
    <redirect title="ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ།" />
    <revision>
      <id>27084</id>
      <parentid>27080</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T16:19:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Changed redirect target from [[ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ]] to [[ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ།]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ།]]</text>
      <sha1>2o5lftnv1l1keb8ef0jjkeiivn96sr9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ལེ་ཏོས་ནི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4420</id>
    <redirect title="ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ།" />
    <revision>
      <id>27083</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T16:17:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ།]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ལི་ཐུ་ནི་ཡ།]]</text>
      <sha1>2o5lftnv1l1keb8ef0jjkeiivn96sr9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ལེ་བྷི་ནོན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4421</id>
    <redirect title="ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27085</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T16:22:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ལེ་བཱ་ནཱོན་]]</text>
      <sha1>jb9b3es9jb9etztwg4q2zdpj760gtd8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Latvia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4422</id>
    <redirect title="ལེཊི་བི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27086</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T16:27:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ལེཊི་བི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ལེཊི་བི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>hori1dtve7l1zckyjwdhak706oiyj2y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ལ་ཊི་ཝེ་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4423</id>
    <redirect title="ལེཊི་བི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27087</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-27T16:28:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ལེཊི་བི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ལེཊི་བི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>hori1dtve7l1zckyjwdhak706oiyj2y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཁི་ཝེ་ཏ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4424</id>
    <redirect title="ཀུ་ཝེཊ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27089</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T11:17:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀུ་ཝེཊ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀུ་ཝེཊ་]]</text>
      <sha1>pivf4l9sbfmkvy5e4lezdtsob1lr4z6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཁེན་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4425</id>
    <redirect title="ཀེ་ནི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27091</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T13:01:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀེ་ནི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀེ་ནི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>0l75f3w8gj97lhgd350ueha84g97h5r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nepal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4426</id>
    <redirect title="བལ་ཡུལ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27093</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T13:11:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བལ་ཡུལ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བལ་ཡུལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>0p3t7ngwgr0lexuucmqam2cr1qnnj6l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཉི་ཧོང་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4428</id>
    <redirect title="ཇ་པཱན" />
    <revision>
      <id>27525</id>
      <parentid>27104</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-02-26T16:04:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ཇ་པཱན]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཇ་པཱན]]</text>
      <sha1>k89x3xkfz8o4522azl5iptx1i3me6my</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཇཱ་པཱན</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4429</id>
    <redirect title="ཇ་པཱན" />
    <revision>
      <id>27524</id>
      <parentid>27103</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-02-26T16:04:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ཇ་པཱན]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཇ་པཱན]]</text>
      <sha1>k89x3xkfz8o4522azl5iptx1i3me6my</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨི་ཊ་ལི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4430</id>
    <redirect title="ཨྀཊ་ལི་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27105</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T14:52:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨྀཊ་ལི་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨྀཊ་ལི་]]</text>
      <sha1>fsdryx7xu6t539a97pnqtbjjrk0zmdh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨི་ཛུ་རལ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4431</id>
    <redirect title="ཨིཛ་རཱེལ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27106</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T14:57:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨིཛ་རཱེལ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨིཛ་རཱེལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>0lfh3a0sv2k5e4fikzn7pbds29y9equ</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཇཱ་པཱན།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4432</id>
    <redirect title="ཇ་པཱན" />
    <revision>
      <id>27108</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T15:05:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[ཇཱ་པཱན།]] to [[ཇ་པཱན]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཇ་པཱན]]</text>
      <sha1>k89x3xkfz8o4522azl5iptx1i3me6my</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨར་ལན་ཌི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4433</id>
    <redirect title="ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27109</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T15:18:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨའིརི་ལེནཌ]]</text>
      <sha1>oejs457lna3d93x36csc3eao9oqft98</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཏ་ཟིག་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4434</id>
    <redirect title="ཨི་རཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27110</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T15:21:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨི་རཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨི་རཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>l7h4grwauvj0dmv9gx573iyp44byg73</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨེ་སུ་ལན་ཌི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4435</id>
    <redirect title="ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27111</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T15:28:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨའིསི་ལེནཌ་]]</text>
      <sha1>q0226f77w7rt8zvvp46jv3llwciznoq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>གྷི་རིག་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4436</id>
    <redirect title="གྲྀས" />
    <revision>
      <id>27112</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T15:32:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[གྲྀས]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[གྲྀས]]</text>
      <sha1>hv6t794banaynqlnlf78n544lrdb25x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>འཇར་མན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4437</id>
    <redirect title="ཇཱར་མ་ནི" />
    <revision>
      <id>27114</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T15:36:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཇཱར་མ་ནི]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཇཱར་མ་ནི]]</text>
      <sha1>pqct3tnvn7gr2jlkjdvya2iquwatgsl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ལྗོར་ཇི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4438</id>
    <redirect title="ཇཽ་ཇཱ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27115</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T15:42:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཇཽ་ཇཱ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཇཽ་ཇཱ]]</text>
      <sha1>cjvwpfy6k4t1jke1x4wa3yd3umwonlc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>སྒམ་བྷེ་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4439</id>
    <redirect title="གྷེམ་བི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27117</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T15:46:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[གྷེམ་བི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[གྷེམ་བི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>s66hua0ppu8xdqnlw55zrx4ioeaspsl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>དགའ་བྷོན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4440</id>
    <redirect title="གྷེ་བྷོན" />
    <revision>
      <id>27118</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T15:51:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[གྷེ་བྷོན]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[གྷེ་བྷོན]]</text>
      <sha1>9l4svz3vfkamdagecbbvgmhqc3bk768</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཧྥིན་ལན་ཌི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4441</id>
    <redirect title="ཕིན་ལེནཌ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27120</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T23:43:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཕིན་ལེནཌ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཕིན་ལེནཌ་]]</text>
      <sha1>4rs3u7ifinawqvq9qpbd3z0cyu4u6ia</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཧྥ་རན་སི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4442</id>
    <redirect title="ཕརཱནསི་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27121</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T23:46:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཕརཱནསི་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཕརཱནསི་]]</text>
      <sha1>tv0me48mhqzpomnvqvl1fta3cjtj6ij</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨི་སུ་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4443</id>
    <redirect title="ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27122</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T23:48:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨིསི་ཊོ་ནི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>liz15ylr372u9pbxtljdwe1gnqqwu9e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཌན་མར་ཀི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4444</id>
    <redirect title="ཌེན་མཱཀ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27123</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T23:50:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཌེན་མཱཀ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཌེན་མཱཀ་]]</text>
      <sha1>fn4ncx4ax20bkwtqv3gz2afe30hhcjf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཆེ་ཥི་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4445</id>
    <redirect title="ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27124</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-28T23:55:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="56" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིཀ་]]</text>
      <sha1>85ra2b98gk9ehg7c0esjak43rszvf6p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཁི་རག་ཏེ་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4446</id>
    <redirect title="ཀུརོ་ཤི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27128</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T09:52:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀུརོ་ཤི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀུརོ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>o0e64xi0w5gli8v0liq6ofvcvyk5eph</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཁོ་ལོམ་བྷི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4447</id>
    <redirect title="ཀོ་ལོམ་བི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27129</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T09:54:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀོ་ལོམ་བི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀོ་ལོམ་བི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>t1hlxvy6x86261k2wc0sl0apovnohl0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཀྲུང་ཀོ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4448</id>
    <redirect title="ཀྲུང་ཀོ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27522</id>
      <parentid>27130</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-02-26T16:04:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Xqbot</username>
        <id>764</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[ཀྲུང་ཀོ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཀྲུང་ཀོ]]</text>
      <sha1>81feqwsq4qvzn9q3lk8djfl093vpesx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྒྱ་ནག་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4449</id>
    <redirect title="རྒྱ་ནག" />
    <revision>
      <id>27137</id>
      <parentid>27131</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T10:07:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Changed redirect target from [[ཀྲུང་ཀོ་ / རྒྱ་ནག་]] to [[རྒྱ་ནག]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[རྒྱ་ནག]]</text>
      <sha1>d44b2ma757hq33jnzrzq7y1t4hka7sk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཀྲུང་ཀོ་ / རྒྱ་ནག་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4450</id>
    <redirect title="ཀྲུང་ཀོ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27136</id>
      <parentid>27135</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T10:06:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 27135 by [[Special:Contributions/Impro|Impro]] ([[User talk:Impro|talk]])</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཀྲུང་ཀོ]]</text>
      <sha1>81feqwsq4qvzn9q3lk8djfl093vpesx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཅི་ལེ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4451</id>
    <redirect title="ཅི་ལེ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27139</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T10:12:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཅི་ལེ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཅི་ལེ]]</text>
      <sha1>fcig4k49dccx4xilcrhnuxg18m4v1mw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཁ་ན་ཊ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4452</id>
    <redirect title="ཀེ་ན་ཌ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27141</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T10:17:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀེ་ན་ཌ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀེ་ན་ཌ་]]</text>
      <sha1>r8i92zn6plhsnj0en7d964rlytwkkvk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཁམ་བྷོ་ཌི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4453</id>
    <redirect title="ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27142</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-29T10:19:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཀམ་བོ་ཌི་ཡ་]]</text>
      <sha1>fq9vuul4deru9kqpbiyp7pyxuza8xk3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>List of countries</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4454</id>
    <redirect title="ཨེ་ཤར་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27147</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T08:16:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[List of countries]] to [[ཨེ་ཤར་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨེ་ཤར་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>15ibfvg0jo3gyto6wiuq8su5zzp0tnd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4455</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27152</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T12:46:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]</text>
      <sha1>3qoo3q544zz214bzsai37a8o8uzsmzp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Pages with broken file links</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4456</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27197</id>
      <parentid>27165</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T22:48:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Wikipedia]]</text>
      <sha1>925xenbe5ys2ebrz1f5gyi5vyy6cnc7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Pages with script errors</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4457</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27196</id>
      <parentid>27175</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T22:47:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Wikipedia]]</text>
      <sha1>925xenbe5ys2ebrz1f5gyi5vyy6cnc7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྷུར་ཟེལ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4458</id>
    <redirect title="བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27181</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T15:56:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བཱརཱ་ཛིལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>ce6qhya8hemnvkfz8ecxhxq7fl1rhfp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bolivia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4459</id>
    <redirect title="བོ་ལི་ཝིཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27182</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T16:02:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བོ་ལི་ཝིཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བོ་ལི་ཝིཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>p43tua1cq05n0isz22xk3rah9gv9xj8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྷོ་ལི་ཝི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4460</id>
    <redirect title="བོ་ལི་ཝིཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27183</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T16:03:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བོ་ལི་ཝིཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བོ་ལི་ཝིཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>p43tua1cq05n0isz22xk3rah9gv9xj8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྷེར་མོ་ཌ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4461</id>
    <redirect title="བར་མུ་ཌ།" />
    <revision>
      <id>27185</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T16:11:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བར་མུ་ཌ།]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བར་མུ་ཌ།]]</text>
      <sha1>fadbh4wunj4yzsu7eob1mjnha9h40f4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྷེ་ནིན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4462</id>
    <redirect title="བཱེ་ནིན" />
    <revision>
      <id>27189</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T16:56:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བཱེ་ནིན]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བཱེ་ནིན]]</text>
      <sha1>lpx93h4d4a5k1lwl35rfoq15brkz9y5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྷ་ལི་ཛེ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4463</id>
    <redirect title="བེ་ལིཛ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27190</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T16:59:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བེ་ལིཛ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བེ་ལིཛ]]</text>
      <sha1>rbw6euyon4exbxgym9h76w0q1v7utw4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྷེལ་ཇམ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4464</id>
    <redirect title="བེལ་ཇིཡམ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27191</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T17:06:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བེལ་ཇིཡམ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བེལ་ཇིཡམ]]</text>
      <sha1>n8l1u4q8qg37xzu64r0pn98km5w83gs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྷེ་ལ་རོ་སུ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4465</id>
    <redirect title="བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27192</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T22:21:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ་]]</text>
      <sha1>fvmhfdvzdlaz997rqp0foi0ik9sk3jt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:Redirects connected to a Wikidata item</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4466</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27195</id>
      <parentid>27193</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-30T22:44:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Wikipedia]]</text>
      <sha1>925xenbe5ys2ebrz1f5gyi5vyy6cnc7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྷང་ལ་རྡེ་ཤུ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4467</id>
    <redirect title="བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27207</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T07:09:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ]]</text>
      <sha1>rwrc1yp8neagdmpcnk9sd5y7u4s3av0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྷ་རིན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4468</id>
    <redirect title="བཧ་རེན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27208</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T07:12:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བཧ་རེན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[བཧ་རེན་]]</text>
      <sha1>07mvwokmjje2tdsl1059pq1gjs4k0fs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྷ་ཧ་མ་སུ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4469</id>
    <redirect title="བཱ་ཧ་མས྄།" />
    <revision>
      <id>27209</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T07:16:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[བཱ་ཧ་མས྄།]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བཱ་ཧ་མས྄།]]</text>
      <sha1>kc0hvx0az990mevey5n6759ecp3p7mg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨ་ཛེར་བྷ་ལྗན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4470</id>
    <redirect title="ཨཛར་བཡེ་ཇན" />
    <revision>
      <id>27212</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T07:46:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨཛར་བཡེ་ཇན]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨཛར་བཡེ་ཇན]]</text>
      <sha1>7ymfje2cr8blg7s2xqeoof25wkbij81</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨོ་སི་ཊི་ལི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4471</id>
    <redirect title="ཨས་ཊེཡེ་ལི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27215</id>
      <parentid>27213</parentid>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T07:52:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Changed redirect target from [[ཨས་ཊི་ཡ]] to [[ཨས་ཊེཡེ་ལི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨས་ཊེཡེ་ལི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>9uhoqfkt3hk23w0vb7hjc42bdw7p73x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨོ་སུ་ཐི་རེ་ཤུ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4472</id>
    <redirect title="ཨས་ཊི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27214</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T07:50:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨས་ཊི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨས་ཊི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>4n5oj0fdx7ke6qw2x2pz8pvrathatoi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨ་རུ་བྷ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4473</id>
    <redirect title="ཨ་རུ་བ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27217</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T08:13:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨ་རུ་བ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨ་རུ་བ་]]</text>
      <sha1>1kyu74jsykrvjfequ4x2at7dnb6s9lv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨར་མེ་ནི་ཡ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4474</id>
    <redirect title="ཨར་མི་ནི་ཡ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27218</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T08:19:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨར་མི་ནི་ཡ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨར་མི་ནི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>5zttdnr7hrtdmkxw8tuafi8csbjcd7h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ནེ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4475</id>
    <redirect title="ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན" />
    <revision>
      <id>27219</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T08:23:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="47" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨར་ཇེན་ཊི་ན]]</text>
      <sha1>82qj4jhlmt4kk5g7xawjhp6a6ig1hzg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>UK</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4476</id>
    <redirect title="ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27221</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T08:34:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="65" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཀིང་ཌམ]]</text>
      <sha1>s1zdgtjrhk2mb9p54nsqi9u9865sdif</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨན་ཌོར་ར་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4477</id>
    <redirect title="ཨཱན་དོ་ར" />
    <revision>
      <id>27222</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T08:39:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨཱན་དོ་ར]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ཨཱན་དོ་ར]]</text>
      <sha1>qsmk8rmp4o88hnc6dk96gj5go4n0oui</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>US</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4478</id>
    <redirect title="ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས" />
    <revision>
      <id>27229</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T08:59:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས]]</text>
      <sha1>12ljcuxbpzfm0tiv45gxua5jbnbdlot</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨབ་གྷ་ནི་སི་ཐན་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4479</id>
    <redirect title="ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27231</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T09:14:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="56" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་]]</text>
      <sha1>pf8exdb29qau6nh58in1lh8b1s3x17y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨ་མེ་རི་ཀ་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4480</id>
    <redirect title="ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས" />
    <revision>
      <id>27232</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T09:16:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="62" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ཡུ་ནའིཊེཊ་སི་ཊེས]]</text>
      <sha1>12ljcuxbpzfm0tiv45gxua5jbnbdlot</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མོ་རོ་ཀོ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4481</id>
    <redirect title="མོ་རོ་ཀོ" />
    <revision>
      <id>27241</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T10:13:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Impro moved page [[མོ་རོ་ཀོ།]] to [[མོ་རོ་ཀོ]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[མོ་རོ་ཀོ]]</text>
      <sha1>la2ir42vqtls57pso3uelgsualj6eih</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kingdom of the Netherlands</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4482</id>
    <redirect title="ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27243</id>
      <timestamp>2018-10-31T10:20:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>R</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་]]</text>
      <sha1>8ywfes1iytu8fc97soetd4kw1ogz0v6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User zh-Hans-CN</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4485</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27280</id>
      <timestamp>2018-11-07T15:43:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="76" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Chinese (China).</text>
      <sha1>co0ul3a9zenvw2uqz4woeaiu979f4rq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User zh-Hant-TW</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4487</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27281</id>
      <timestamp>2018-11-07T15:43:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="77" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Chinese (Taiwan).</text>
      <sha1>tfjpufco118botoeyimq3dm9k96i81i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User zh-Hant-HK</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4488</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27282</id>
      <timestamp>2018-11-07T15:43:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="80" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Chinese (Hong Kong).</text>
      <sha1>9gj91e0ng5hl61ymzdtrs9rezj4b44y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cite journal</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4497</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27413</id>
      <timestamp>2019-01-01T23:59:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Anas1712</username>
        <id>903</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>copy from english wiki template</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="126" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=journal
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9fcytsszanq7xbwi3p28zsneear9938</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cite journal/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4498</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27414</id>
      <timestamp>2019-01-02T00:04:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Anas1712</username>
        <id>903</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>copy from english wiki template</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53232" xml:space="preserve">{{Documentation subpage}}
{{high-risk|550000+}}
{{csdoc|lua|lua=yes}}
{{csdoc|cs1|lua=yes}}
{{csdoc|lead|academic and scientific papers and journals. For articles in magazines and newsletters, use {{tlx|cite magazine}}.  Note that if you have a [[Digital Object Identifier]] (i.e., a DOI) for the journal reference you wish to add, we have a citation bot which will read that DOI and expand it into a full reference with the author's name, journal name, date, volume, issue, pages, etc.  You can view instructions on how to add this gadget to your Wikipedia preferences at [[User:Citation bot/use]]|lua=yes}}

==Usage==
{{csdoc|usage}}
{{csdoc|usage common}}

;To cite a professional or scientific journal
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |url= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date= }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

;[[Vancouver system]] author style for a scientific journal
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors= |date= |title= |url= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

or

&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |url= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= | name-list-format=vanc }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

;To cite a journal article with no credited author
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |date= |title= |url= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date= }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

;To cite an online article that has been archived
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |dead-url= |journal=  |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

;To cite an article written in a foreign language
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last= |first= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |language= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |access-date= }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

;To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language journal article re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |trans-title= |url= |access-date= |language= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |archive-url= |archive-date= |dead-url= |via= |quote= }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
{{end}}
{{csdoc|usage full}}
:&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask= |name-list-format= |last-author-amp= |date= |year= |orig-year= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |editor2-last= |editor2-first= |editor2-link= |editor3-last= |editor3-first= |editor3-link= |editor4-last= |editor4-first= |editor4-link= |editor5-last= |editor5-first= |editor5-link= |display-editors= |others= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |url= |access-date=  |url-access= |format= |department= |journal= |type= |series= |language= |edition= |location= |publisher= |publication-place= |publication-date= |volume= |issue= |page= |pages= |at= |nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |bibcode-access= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi= |doi-access= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |jstor-access= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |ol-access= |osti= |osti-access= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |dead-url=  |via= |layurl= |laysource= |laydate= |quote= |postscript= |ref= }}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
{{end}}
{{csdoc|usage vertical common}}

;To cite a professional or scientific journal
&lt;pre style=&quot;margin:0px; border:none;&quot;&gt;
{{cite journal
| last       = 
| first      = 
| last2      = 
| first2     = 
| date       = 
| title      = 
| url        = 
| journal    = 
| volume     = 
| issue      = 
| pages      = 
| doi        = 
| access-date = 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

;[[Vancouver system]] author style for a scientific journal
&lt;pre style=&quot;margin:0px; border:none;&quot;&gt;
{{cite journal
| vauthors   = 
| date       = 
| title      = 
| url        = 
| journal    = 
| volume     = 
| issue      = 
| pages      = 
| doi        = 
| pmc        = 
| pmid       = 
| access-date = 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

or
&lt;pre style=&quot;margin:0px; border:none;&quot;&gt;
{{cite journal
| last1      = 
| first1     = 
| last2      = 
| first2     = 
| date       = 
| title      = 
| url        = 
| journal    = 
| volume     = 
| issue      = 
| pages      = 
| doi        = 
| pmc        = 
| pmid       = 
| access-date = 
| name-list-format = vanc
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

;To cite a journal article with no credited author
&lt;pre style=&quot;margin:0px; border:none;&quot;&gt;
{{cite journal
| author     = &lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt;
| date       = 
| title      = 
| url        = 
| journal    = 
| volume     = 
| issue      = 
| pages      = 
| doi        = 
| access-date = 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

;To cite an online article that has been archived
&lt;pre style=&quot;margin:0px; border:none;&quot;&gt;
{{cite journal
| last        = 
| first       = 
| date        = 
| title       = 
| url         = 
| dead-url    = 
| journal     =
| volume      = 
| issue       = 
| pages       = 
| doi         = 
| archive-url = 
| archive-date= 
| access-date = 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

;To cite a journal article written in a foreign language
&lt;pre style=&quot;margin:0px; border:none;&quot;&gt;
{{cite journal
| last        = 
| first       = 
| date        = 
| title       = 
| trans-title = 
| url         = 
| language    = 
| journal     = 
| volume      = 
| issue       = 
| pages       = 
| doi         = 
| access-date = 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;

;To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language journal article re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
&lt;pre style=&quot;margin:0px; border:none;&quot;&gt;
{{cite journal
| last1        = 
| first1       = 
| last2        = 
| first2       = 
| date         = 
| title        = 
| trans-title  = 
| url          = 
| dead-url     = 
| format       = 
| language     = 
| journal      = 
| volume       = 
| issue        = 
| pages        = 
| doi          = 
| archive-url  = 
| archive-date = 
| access-date  = 
| via          = 
| url-access   = 
| quote        = 
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{end}}
{{csdoc|usage vertical}}
&lt;pre style=&quot;margin:0px; border:none;&quot;&gt;
{{cite journal
| last1                 = 
| first1                = 
| author-link1          = 
| last2                 = 
| first2                = 
| author-link2          = 
| last3                 = 
| first3                = 
| author-link3          = 
| last4                 = 
| first4                = 
| author-link4          = 
| last5                 = 
| first5                = 
| author-link5          = 
| display-authors       = 
| author-mask           = 
| name-list-format      =
| last-author-amp       = 
| date                  = 
| year                  = 
| orig-year             = 
| editor1-last          = 
| editor1-first         = 
| editor1-link          = 
| editor2-last          = 
| editor2-first         = 
| editor2-link          = 
| editor3-last          = 
| editor3-first         = 
| editor3-link          = 
| editor4-last          = 
| editor4-first         = 
| editor4-link          = 
| editor5-last          = 
| editor5-first         = 
| editor5-link          = 
| display-editors       = 
| others                = 
| title                 = 
| script-title          = 
| trans-title           = 
| url                   = 
| dead-url              = 
| format                = 
| url-access            =
| department            = 
| journal               = 
| type                  = 
| series                = 
| language              = 
| edition               = 
| location              = 
| publisher             = 
| publication-place     = 
| publication-date      = 
| volume                = 
| issue                 = 
| page                  = 
| pages                 = 
| at                    = 
| nopp                  = 
| arxiv                 = 
| asin                  = 
| bibcode               = 
| biorxiv               = 
| citeseerx             = 
| doi                   = 
| doi-broken-date       = 
| doi-access            = 
| isbn                  =
| issn                  = 
| jfm                   = 
| jstor                 = 
| jstor-access          = 
| lccn                  = 
| mr                    = 
| oclc                  = 
| ol                    =
| ol-access             =
| osti                  =
| osti-access           =
| pmc                   = 
| pmid                  = 
| rfc                   = 
| ssrn                  = 
| zbl                   = 
| id                    = 
| archive-url           = 
| archive-date          = 
| access-date           = 
| via                   = 
| registration          = 
| subscription          = 
| lay-url               = 
| lay-source            = 
| lay-date              = 
| quote                 = 
| postscript            = 
| ref                   =
}}
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{csdoc|usage vertical mid}}
&lt;pre style=&quot;margin:0px; border:none;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;last1
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;last1
&amp;nbsp;last2
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;last2
&amp;nbsp;last3
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;last3
&amp;nbsp;last4
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;last4
&amp;nbsp;last5
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;editor1-last
&amp;nbsp;editor2-last
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;editor2-last
&amp;nbsp;editor3-last
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;editor3-last
&amp;nbsp;editor4-last
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;editor4-last
&amp;nbsp;editor5-last
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;title or script-title
&amp;nbsp;archive-url
&amp;nbsp;url
&amp;nbsp;url
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;doi
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;jstor
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;ol
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;osti
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;url
&amp;nbsp;archive-url
&amp;nbsp;url
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{csdoc|usage vertical mid}}
&lt;pre style=&quot;margin:0px; border:none;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
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&amp;nbsp;
&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/pre&gt;
{{csdoc|usage vertical end}}

==Examples==
;Journal article 
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last=Overpeck |first=J. T. |last2=Webb |first2=T. |last3=Prentice |first3=I. C. |date=January 1985 |title=Quantitative interpretation of fossil pollen spectra: Dissimilarity coefficients and the method of modern analogs |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=23 |pages=87–108 |bibcode=1985QuRes..23...87O |doi=10.1016/0033-5894(85)90074-2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

Displays as:
* {{cite journal |last=Overpeck |first=J. T. |last2=Webb |first2=T. |last3=Prentice |first3=I. C. |date=January 1985 |title=Quantitative interpretation of fossil pollen spectra: Dissimilarity coefficients and the method of modern analogs |journal=Quaternary Research |volume=23 |pages=87–108 |doi=10.1016/0033-5894(85)90074-2|bibcode=1985QuRes..23...87O}}

;Vancouver style (common in biomedicine); see {{vcite}} for specific templates
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors=Bannen R, Suresh V, Phillips GN Jr, Wright S, Mitchell J |date=2008 |title=Optimal design of thermally stable proteins |url=http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/24/20/2339 |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=24 |issue=20 |pages=2339–2343 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450 |pmc=2562006 |pmid=18723523}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Displays as:
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Bannen R, Suresh V, Phillips GN Jr, Wright S, Mitchell J |date=2008 |title=Optimal design of thermally stable proteins |url=http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/24/20/2339 |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=24 |issue=20 |pages=2339–2343 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450 &lt;!--|doi-access=free --&gt; |pmc=2562006 |pmid=18723523}}

or
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last=Bannen |first=RM |last2=Suresh |first2=V |last3=Phillips |first3=GN Jr |last4=Wright |first4=SJ |last5=Mitchell |first5=JC |date=2008 |title=Optimal design of thermally stable proteins |url=http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/24/20/2339 |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=24 |issue=20 |pages=2339–2343 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450 |pmc=2562006 |pmid=18723523 |name-list-format=vanc}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Displays as:
* {{cite journal |last=Bannen |first=RM |last2=Suresh |first2=V |last3=Phillips |first3=GN Jr |last4=Wright |first4=SJ |last5=Mitchell |first5=JC |date=2008 |title=Optimal design of thermally stable proteins |url=http://bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/24/20/2339 |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=24 |issue=20 |pages=2339–2343 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btn450 &lt;!--|doi-access=free --&gt; |pmc=2562006 |pmid=18723523 |name-list-format=vanc}}

;Include URL link to article, pre-print or abstract.
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last=Aries |first=Myriam B. C. |last2=Newsham |first2=Guy R. |last-author-amp=yes |date=2008 |title=Effect of daylight saving time on lighting energy use: a literature review |url=http://archive.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/obj/irc/doc/pubs/nrcc49212/nrcc49212.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Energy Policy |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=1858–1866 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2007.05.021 |access-date=October 18, 2013}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Displays as:
* {{cite journal |last=Aries |first=Myriam B. C. |last2=Newsham |first2=Guy R. |last-author-amp=yes |date=2008 |title=Effect of daylight saving time on lighting energy use: a literature review |url=http://archive.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/obj/irc/doc/pubs/nrcc49212/nrcc49212.pdf |format=PDF |journal=Energy Policy |volume=36 |issue=6 |pages=1858–1866 |doi=10.1016/j.enpol.2007.05.021 |access-date=October 18, 2013}}

;Specify the [[Digital object identifier|DOI]] to provide a permanent link. Also give the [[PMID]] abstract for medical articles, and the URL if the article is free. [[PubMed Central]] free full-text repository links may also be supplied and will link the title if the URL is not specified, else as an additional linked PMC value. Note that {{para|access-date}} is not necessary when a permanent identifier is used.
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last=Viollet |first=Benoît |last2=Andreelli |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Jørgensen |first3=Sebastian B. |last4=Perrin |first4=Christophe |last5=Geloen |first5=Alain |last6=Flamez |first6=Daisy |last7=Mu |first7=James |last8=Lenzner |first8=Claudia |last9=Baud |first9=Olivier |last10=Bennoun |first10=Myriam |last11=Gomas |first11=Emmanuel |last12=Nicolas |first12=Gaël |last13=Wojtaszewski |first13=Jørgen F. P. |last14=Kahn1 |first14=Axel |last15=Carling |first15=David |last16=Schuit |first16=Frans C. |last17=Birnbaum |first17=Morris J. |last18=Richter |first18=Erik A. |last19=Burcelin |first19=Rémy |last20=Vaulont |first20=Sophie |display-authors=5 |date=January 2003 |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase α2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |url=http://www.jci.org/articles/view/16567 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–98 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |pmc=151837 |pmid=12511592 |access-date=2012-11-17}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Displays as:
* {{cite journal |last=Viollet |first=Benoît |last2=Andreelli |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Jørgensen |first3=Sebastian B. |last4=Perrin |first4=Christophe |last5=Geloen |first5=Alain |last6=Flamez |first6=Daisy |last7=Mu |first7=James |last8=Lenzner |first8=Claudia |last9=Baud |first9=Olivier |last10=Bennoun |first10=Myriam |last11=Gomas |first11=Emmanuel |last12=Nicolas |first12=Gaël |last13=Wojtaszewski |first13=Jørgen F. P. |last14=Kahn1 |first14=Axel |last15=Carling |first15=David |last16=Schuit |first16=Frans C. |last17=Birnbaum |first17=Morris J. |last18=Richter |first18=Erik A. |last19=Burcelin |first19=Rémy |last20=Vaulont |first20=Sophie |display-authors=5 |date=January 2003 |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase α2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |url=http://www.jci.org/articles/view/16567 |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–98 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 &lt;!--|doi-access=free --&gt; |pmc=151837 |pmid=12511592 |access-date=2012-11-17}}

Whereas if the URL had not been specified, then the title is linked to the PMC link, which is repeated:
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last=Viollet |first=Benoît |last2=Andreelli |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Jørgensen |first3=Sebastian B. |last4=Perrin |first4=Christophe |last5=Geloen |first5=Alain |last6=Flamez |first6=Daisy |last7=Mu |first7=James |last8=Lenzner |first8=Claudia |last9=Baud |first9=Olivier |last10=Bennoun |first10=Myriam |last11=Gomas |first11=Emmanuel |last12=Nicolas |first12=Gaël |last13=Wojtaszewski |first13=Jørgen F. P. |last14=Kahn1 |first14=Axel |last15=Carling |first15=David |last16=Schuit |first16=Frans C. |last17=Birnbaum |first17=Morris J. |last18=Richter |first18=Erik A. |last19=Burcelin |first19=Rémy |last20=Vaulont |first20=Sophie |display-authors=5 |date=January 2003 |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase α2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–98 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |pmc=151837 |pmid=12511592}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Displays as:
* {{cite journal |last=Viollet |first=Benoît |last2=Andreelli |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Jørgensen |first3=Sebastian B. |last4=Perrin |first4=Christophe |last5=Geloen |first5=Alain |last6=Flamez |first6=Daisy |last7=Mu |first7=James |last8=Lenzner |first8=Claudia |last9=Baud |first9=Olivier |last10=Bennoun |first10=Myriam |last11=Gomas |first11=Emmanuel |last12=Nicolas |first12=Gaël |last13=Wojtaszewski |first13=Jørgen F. P. |last14=Kahn1 |first14=Axel |last15=Carling |first15=David |last16=Schuit |first16=Frans C. |last17=Birnbaum |first17=Morris J. |last18=Richter |first18=Erik A. |last19=Burcelin |first19=Rémy |last20=Vaulont |first20=Sophie |display-authors=5 |date=January 2003 |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase α2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–98 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 &lt;!--|doi-access=free --&gt; |pmc=151837 |pmid=12511592}}

If the doi link is broken, then use of '''doi-broken-date''' unlinks the doi value, indicates when the doi-problem was first noticed, and will also add the page to &quot;Category:Pages with DOIs broken since YYYY&quot;:
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last=Viollet |first=Benoît |last2=Andreelli |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Jørgensen |first3=Sebastian B. |last4=Perrin |first4=Christophe |last5=Geloen |first5=Alain |last6=Flamez |first6=Daisy |last7=Mu |first7=James |last8=Lenzner |first8=Claudia |last9=Baud |first9=Olivier |last10=Bennoun |first10=Myriam |last11=Gomas |first11=Emmanuel |last12=Nicolas |first12=Gaël |last13=Wojtaszewski |first13=Jørgen F. P. |last14=Kahn1 |first14=Axel |last15=Carling |first15=David |last16=Schuit |first16=Frans C. |last17=Birnbaum |first17=Morris J. |last18=Richter |first18=Erik A. |last19=Burcelin |first19=Rémy |last20=Vaulont |first20=Sophie |display-authors=5 |date=January 2003 |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase α2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–98 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |doi-broken-date=2018-01-01 |pmc=151837 |pmid=12511592}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Displays as:
* {{cite journal |last=Viollet |first=Benoît |last2=Andreelli |first2=Fabrizio |last3=Jørgensen |first3=Sebastian B. |last4=Perrin |first4=Christophe |last5=Geloen |first5=Alain |last6=Flamez |first6=Daisy |last7=Mu |first7=James |last8=Lenzner |first8=Claudia |last9=Baud |first9=Olivier |last10=Bennoun |first10=Myriam |last11=Gomas |first11=Emmanuel |last12=Nicolas |first12=Gaël |last13=Wojtaszewski |first13=Jørgen F. P. |last14=Kahn1 |first14=Axel |last15=Carling |first15=David |last16=Schuit |first16=Frans C. |last17=Birnbaum |first17=Morris J. |last18=Richter |first18=Erik A. |last19=Burcelin |first19=Rémy |last20=Vaulont |first20=Sophie |display-authors=5 |date=January 2003 |title=The AMP-activated protein kinase α2 catalytic subunit controls whole-body insulin sensitivity |journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=91–98 |doi=10.1172/JCI16567 |doi-broken-date=2018-01-01 |pmc=151837 |pmid=12511592}}

;If the article is in a foreign language, and the original title is unknown, enclose the translated title in square brackets and use {{para|title}}. Otherwise use {{para|title}} for the foreign-language title and {{para|trans-title}} for the English-language title.
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last=Huang |first=Y. |last2=Lu |first2=J. |last3=Shen |first3=Y. |last4=Lu |first4=J. |last-author-amp=yes |date=March 1999 |title=[The protective effects of total flavonoids from Lycium Barbarum L. on lipid peroxidation of liver mitochondria and red blood cell in rats] |journal=Wei Sheng Yan Jiu |language=Chinese |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=115–116 |pmid=11938998}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Displays as:
:{{cite journal |last=Huang |first=Y. |last2=Lu |first2=J. |last3=Shen |first3=Y. |last4=Lu |first4=J. |last-author-amp=yes |date=March 1999 |title=[The protective effects of total flavonoids from Lycium Barbarum L. on lipid peroxidation of liver mitochondria and red blood cell in rats] |journal=Wei Sheng Yan Jiu |language=Chinese |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=115–116 |pmid=11938998}}

;Example using other identifiers
*&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite journal |last=Merimovich |first=C. |date=2007 |title=A power function with a fixed finite gap everywhere |journal=Journal of Symbolic Logic |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=361–417 |doi=10.2178/jsl/1185803615 |mr=2320282}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
Displays as:
* {{cite journal |last=Merimovich |first=C. |date=2007 |title=A power function with a fixed finite gap everywhere |journal=Journal of Symbolic Logic |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=361–417 |doi=10.2178/jsl/1185803615 |mr=2320282}}

==Parameters==
===Syntax===
{{csdoc|syntax}}

{{csdoc|sep_period}}

===COinS===
{{csdoc|coins}}

===Deprecated===
{{csdoc|deprecated}}

===Description===
====Authors====
{{csdoc|author|others=yes}}

====Date====
{{csdoc|date}}

====Editors====
{{csdoc|editor}}

====Title====
{{csdoc|title|title_format=quotes}}
{{csdoc|type}}
{{csdoc|language}}

====URL====
{{csdoc|url|pmc=yes}}

====Periodical====
{{csdoc|journal|department=yes}}

====Publisher====
{{csdoc|publisher}}

====Edition, series, volume====
{{csdoc|edition}}
{{csdoc|series}}
{{csdoc|volume}}

====In-source locations====
{{csdoc|pages|work=y}}

====Identifiers====
{{csdoc|id1}}
{{csdoc|id2}}

====Subscription or registration required====
{{csdoc|registration}}

====Lay summary====
{{anchor|Laysummary}}{{csdoc|lay}}

====Quote====
{{csdoc|quote}}

====Anchor====
{{csdoc|ref}}

====Display options====
{{csdoc|display}}

==Notes==
Although it may appear redundant to include multiple ids for articles, it is helpful for many editors who only have access to a certain resource. If only one ID is to be included, the DOI should be used, as this is the universal standard preferred by professional publications. Specifying a link as a DOI, PMID, etc. is always preferable to including it as a URL parameter, as it makes it clear that the link is accurate and stable, but not necessarily openly accessible. Note that {{para|access-date}} is not necessary when a permanent identifier is used.

==TemplateData==
{{TemplateData header}}
&lt;templatedata&gt;
{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;url&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;URL&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type \&quot;http://...\&quot; or maybe even the &amp;nbsp;protocol relative scheme \&quot;//...\&quot;&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;URL&quot;
			],
			&quot;suggested&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;https://www.nytimes.com/...&quot;
		},
		&quot;title&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Title&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;last&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Last name&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author&quot;,
				&quot;author1&quot;,
				&quot;authors&quot;,
				&quot;last1&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;suggested&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;first&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;First name&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;first1&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;suggested&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;last2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Last name 2&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author2&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;first2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;First name 2&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;date&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Source date&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Date of the source; do not wikilink. As listed in the publication&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;date&quot;,
			&quot;suggested&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Summer 2017&quot;
		},
		&quot;journal&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Journal&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;publisher&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Publisher&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Name of the publisher; displays after title&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;
		},
		&quot;issue&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Issue&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;doi&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;DOI&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;doi-broken-date&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;DOI broken date&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The date that the DOI was determined to be broken&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;date&quot;
		},
		&quot;others&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Others&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Used to record other contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;
		},
		&quot;year&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Year of publication&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Year of the source being referenced; recommended only when date parameter format is YYYY-MM-DD and a CITEREF disambiguator is needed&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;number&quot;
		},
		&quot;orig-year&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Original year&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Original year of publication; provide specifics&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;number&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;origyear&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;editor-last&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor last name&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-last', 'editor'&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor1-last&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor-first&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor first name&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first'&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor1-first&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor-link&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor link&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-link'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;
		},
		&quot;series&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Series&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal; alias of 'version'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;version&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;department&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Department&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Department within the periodical&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;location&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Location of publication&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;publication-place&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Place of publication&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;
		},
		&quot;publication-date&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Publication date&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;date&quot;
		},
		&quot;edition&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Edition&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;volume&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Volume&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;For one publication published in several volumes&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;suggested&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;page&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Page&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;pages&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Pages&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;suggested&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;nopp&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;No pp&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover')&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;at&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;At&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;language&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Language&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;
		},
		&quot;script-title&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Script title&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:...&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;trans-title&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Translated title&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;trans_title&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;type&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Type&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;
		},
		&quot;format&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Format&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;
		},
		&quot;arxiv&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;arXiv identifier&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;asin&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;ASIN&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;asin-tld&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;ASIN TLD&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;bibcode&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Bibcode&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;biorxiv&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;biorXiv&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;biorXiv identifier; 6 digits&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;citeseerx&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;CiteSeerX&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;isbn&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;ISBN&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;issn&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;ISSN&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;International Standard Serial Number (print); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;eissn&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;eISSN&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;International Standard Serial Number (online); 8 characters; usually split into two groups of four using a hyphen&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;jfm&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;jfm code&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;jstor&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;JSTOR&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;JSTOR identifier&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;lccn&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;LCCN&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Library of Congress Control Number&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;mr&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;MR&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Mathematical Reviews identifier&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;oclc&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;OCLC&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Online Computer Library Center number&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;number&quot;
		},
		&quot;ol&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;OL&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Open Library identifier&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;osti&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;OSTI&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;pmc&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;PMC&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;PubMed Center article number&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;number&quot;
		},
		&quot;pmid&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;PMID&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;PubMed Unique Identifier&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;rfc&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;RFC&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Request for Comments number&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;number&quot;
		},
		&quot;ssrn&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;SSRN&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Social Science Research Network&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;zbl&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Zbl&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;id&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;id&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;quote&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Quote&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;
		},
		&quot;ref&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Ref&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;separator&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Separator&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The punctuation used to separate lists of authors, editors, etc.; a space must be encoded as &amp;#32; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;default&quot;: &quot;.&quot;
		},
		&quot;postscript&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Postscript&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined; to suppress use reserved keyword 'none'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;default&quot;: &quot;.&quot;
		},
		&quot;last3&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Last name 3&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author3&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;first3&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;First name 3&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;last4&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Last name 4&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author4&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;first4&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;First name 4&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;last5&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Last name 5&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author5&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;first5&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;First name 5&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;last6&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Last name 6&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author6&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;first6&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;First name 6&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;last7&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Last name 7&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author7&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;first7&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;First name 7&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;last8&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Last name 8&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author8&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;first8&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;First name 8&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;last9&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Last name 9&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author9&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;first9&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;First name 9&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor2-last&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor last name 2&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor2&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor2-first&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor first name 2&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor3-last&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor last name 3&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor3&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor3-first&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor first name 3&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor4-last&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor last name 4&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor4&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor4-first&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor first name 4&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor5-last&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor last name 5&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor5&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor5-first&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor first name 5&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor6-last&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor last name 6&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor6&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor6-first&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor first name 6&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor7-last&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor last name 7&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor7&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor7-first&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor first name 7&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor8-last&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor last name 8&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor8&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor8-first&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor first name 8&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor9-last&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor last name 9&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'.&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor9&quot;
			],
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;editor9-first&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor first name 9&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		},
		&quot;author-mask&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Author mask&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;author-name-separator&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Author name separator&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Changes the separator between last and first names; defaults to a comma and space; a space must be encoded as &amp;#32;&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;default&quot;: &quot;, &quot;
		},
		&quot;author-separator&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Author separator&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Changes the separator between authors; defaults to a semicolon and space; a space must be encoded as &amp;#32;&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;default&quot;: &quot;; &quot;
		},
		&quot;subscription&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Subscription&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;If the reference requires a subscription, type 'yes' to notify the reader.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;author-link&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Author link&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;authorlink&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;author-link2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Author link 2&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author2-link&quot;,
				&quot;authorlink2&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;access-date&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;URL access date&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;date&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;accessdate&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;archive-url&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Archive URL&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;archiveurl&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;archive-date&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Archive date&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;date&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;archivedate&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;dead-url&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Dead URL&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;If set to 'no', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;deadurl&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;lay-url&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Lay URL&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; alias of 'laysummary'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;layurl&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;lay-source&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Lay source&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Name of the source of the laysummary; displays in italics, preceded by an en dash&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;laysource&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;lay-date&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Lay date&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Date of the summary; displays in parentheses&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;date&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;laydate&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;author-link3&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Author link 3&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author3-link&quot;,
				&quot;authorlink3&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;author-link4&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Author link 4&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the forth author.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author4-link&quot;,
				&quot;authorlink4&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;author-link5&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Author link 5&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author5-link&quot;,
				&quot;authorlink5&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;author-link6&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Author link 6&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author6-link&quot;,
				&quot;authorlink6&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;author-link7&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Author link 7&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author7-link&quot;,
				&quot;authorlink7&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;author-link8&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Author link 8&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author8-link&quot;,
				&quot;authorlink8&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;author-link9&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Author link 9&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;author9-link&quot;,
				&quot;authorlink9&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;editor2-link&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor link 2&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor2link&quot;,
				&quot;editorlink2&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;editor3-link&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor link 3&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor3link&quot;,
				&quot;editorlink3&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;editor4-link&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor link 4&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor4link&quot;,
				&quot;editorlink4&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;editor5-link&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor link 5&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor5link&quot;,
				&quot;editorlink5&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;editor6-link&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor link 6&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor6link&quot;,
				&quot;editorlink6&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;editor7-link&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor link 7&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor7link&quot;,
				&quot;editorlink7&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;editor8-link&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor link 8&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor8link&quot;,
				&quot;editorlink8&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;editor9-link&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Editor link 9&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;wiki-page-name&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;editor9link&quot;,
				&quot;editorlink9&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;displayauthors&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Display authors&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used;&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;number&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;display-authors&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;last-author-amp&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Last author ampersand&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;When set to any value, changes the separator between the last two names of the author list to 'space ampersand space'&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;boolean&quot;,
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [
				&quot;lastauthoramp&quot;
			]
		},
		&quot;registration&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Registration&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;If the reference requires registration, type 'yes' to notify the reader.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;chapter&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Chapter&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;The chapter heading of the source&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;via&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Content deliverer (i.e. Database)&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Provider of the article (not the publisher), usually an aggregator of journal articles or a repository&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;JSTOR, Project MUSE, Elsevier Science Direct&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;suggested&quot;: true
		},
		&quot;url-access&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;URL access level&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited')&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;bibcode-access&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Bibcode access level&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;doi-access&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;DOI access level&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;hdl-access&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;HDL access level&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;jstor-access&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Jstor access level&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;ol-access&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;OpenLibrary access level&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;osti-access&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;HDL access level&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;
		},
		&quot;vauthors&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Vancouver style authors&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;line&quot;
		}
	},
	&quot;paramOrder&quot;: [
		&quot;last&quot;,
		&quot;first&quot;,
		&quot;author-link&quot;,
		&quot;last2&quot;,
		&quot;first2&quot;,
		&quot;author-link2&quot;,
		&quot;last3&quot;,
		&quot;first3&quot;,
		&quot;author-link3&quot;,
		&quot;last4&quot;,
		&quot;first4&quot;,
		&quot;author-link4&quot;,
		&quot;last5&quot;,
		&quot;first5&quot;,
		&quot;author-link5&quot;,
		&quot;last6&quot;,
		&quot;first6&quot;,
		&quot;author-link6&quot;,
		&quot;last7&quot;,
		&quot;first7&quot;,
		&quot;author-link7&quot;,
		&quot;last8&quot;,
		&quot;first8&quot;,
		&quot;author-link8&quot;,
		&quot;last9&quot;,
		&quot;first9&quot;,
		&quot;author-link9&quot;,
		&quot;displayauthors&quot;,
		&quot;author-mask&quot;,
		&quot;last-author-amp&quot;,
		&quot;author-separator&quot;,
		&quot;author-name-separator&quot;,
		&quot;vauthors&quot;,
		&quot;date&quot;,
		&quot;year&quot;,
		&quot;orig-year&quot;,
		&quot;editor-last&quot;,
		&quot;editor-first&quot;,
		&quot;editor-link&quot;,
		&quot;editor2-last&quot;,
		&quot;editor2-first&quot;,
		&quot;editor2-link&quot;,
		&quot;editor3-last&quot;,
		&quot;editor3-first&quot;,
		&quot;editor3-link&quot;,
		&quot;editor4-last&quot;,
		&quot;editor4-first&quot;,
		&quot;editor4-link&quot;,
		&quot;editor5-last&quot;,
		&quot;editor5-first&quot;,
		&quot;editor5-link&quot;,
		&quot;editor6-last&quot;,
		&quot;editor6-first&quot;,
		&quot;editor6-link&quot;,
		&quot;editor7-last&quot;,
		&quot;editor7-first&quot;,
		&quot;editor7-link&quot;,
		&quot;editor8-last&quot;,
		&quot;editor8-first&quot;,
		&quot;editor8-link&quot;,
		&quot;editor9-last&quot;,
		&quot;editor9-first&quot;,
		&quot;editor9-link&quot;,
		&quot;others&quot;,
		&quot;title&quot;,
		&quot;script-title&quot;,
		&quot;trans-title&quot;,
		&quot;url&quot;,
		&quot;dead-url&quot;,
		&quot;format&quot;,
		&quot;department&quot;,
		&quot;journal&quot;,
		&quot;chapter&quot;,
		&quot;type&quot;,
		&quot;series&quot;,
		&quot;language&quot;,
		&quot;edition&quot;,
		&quot;location&quot;,
		&quot;publisher&quot;,
		&quot;publication-place&quot;,
		&quot;publication-date&quot;,
		&quot;volume&quot;,
		&quot;issue&quot;,
		&quot;page&quot;,
		&quot;pages&quot;,
		&quot;at&quot;,
		&quot;nopp&quot;,
		&quot;arxiv&quot;,
		&quot;asin&quot;,
		&quot;asin-tld&quot;,
		&quot;bibcode&quot;,
		&quot;biorxiv&quot;,
		&quot;citeseerx&quot;,
		&quot;doi&quot;,
		&quot;doi-broken-date&quot;,
		&quot;isbn&quot;,
		&quot;issn&quot;,
		&quot;eissn&quot;,
		&quot;jfm&quot;,
		&quot;jstor&quot;,
		&quot;lccn&quot;,
		&quot;mr&quot;,
		&quot;oclc&quot;,
		&quot;ol&quot;,
		&quot;osti&quot;,
		&quot;pmc&quot;,
		&quot;pmid&quot;,
		&quot;rfc&quot;,
		&quot;ssrn&quot;,
		&quot;zbl&quot;,
		&quot;id&quot;,
		&quot;url-access&quot;,
		&quot;archive-url&quot;,
		&quot;archive-date&quot;,
		&quot;access-date&quot;,
		&quot;registration&quot;,
		&quot;subscription&quot;,
		&quot;lay-url&quot;,
		&quot;lay-source&quot;,
		&quot;lay-date&quot;,
		&quot;quote&quot;,
		&quot;postscript&quot;,
		&quot;ref&quot;,
		&quot;separator&quot;,
		&quot;via&quot;,
		&quot;bibcode-access&quot;,
		&quot;doi-access&quot;,
		&quot;hdl-access&quot;,
		&quot;jstor-access&quot;,
		&quot;ol-access&quot;,
		&quot;osti-access&quot;
	],
	&quot;maps&quot;: {
		&quot;citoid&quot;: {
			&quot;title&quot;: &quot;title&quot;,
			&quot;url&quot;: &quot;url&quot;,
			&quot;publisher&quot;: &quot;publisher&quot;,
			&quot;publicationTitle&quot;: &quot;journal&quot;,
			&quot;proceedingsTitle&quot;: &quot;journal&quot;,
			&quot;encyclopediaTitle&quot;: &quot;journal&quot;,
			&quot;dictionaryTitle&quot;: &quot;journal&quot;,
			&quot;date&quot;: &quot;date&quot;,
			&quot;place&quot;: &quot;location&quot;,
			&quot;ISSN&quot;: [
				&quot;issn&quot;
			],
			&quot;ISBN&quot;: [
				&quot;isbn&quot;
			],
			&quot;PMCID&quot;: &quot;pmc&quot;,
			&quot;PMID&quot;: &quot;pmid&quot;,
			&quot;pages&quot;: &quot;pages&quot;,
			&quot;volume&quot;: &quot;volume&quot;,
			&quot;series&quot;: &quot;series&quot;,
			&quot;seriesNumber&quot;: &quot;volume&quot;,
			&quot;issue&quot;: &quot;issue&quot;,
			&quot;DOI&quot;: &quot;doi&quot;,
			&quot;oclc&quot;: &quot;oclc&quot;,
			&quot;language&quot;: &quot;language&quot;,
			&quot;contributor&quot;: &quot;others&quot;,
			&quot;author&quot;: [
				[
					&quot;first&quot;,
					&quot;last&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;first2&quot;,
					&quot;last2&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;first3&quot;,
					&quot;last3&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;first4&quot;,
					&quot;last4&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;first5&quot;,
					&quot;last5&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;first6&quot;,
					&quot;last6&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;first7&quot;,
					&quot;last7&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;first8&quot;,
					&quot;last8&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;first9&quot;,
					&quot;last9&quot;
				]
			],
			&quot;editor&quot;: [
				[
					&quot;editor-first&quot;,
					&quot;editor-last&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;editor2-first&quot;,
					&quot;editor2-last&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;editor3-first&quot;,
					&quot;editor3-last&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;editor4-first&quot;,
					&quot;editor4-last&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;editor5-first&quot;,
					&quot;editor5-last&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;editor6-first&quot;,
					&quot;editor6-last&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;editor7-first&quot;,
					&quot;editor7-last&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;editor8-first&quot;,
					&quot;editor8-last&quot;
				],
				[
					&quot;editor9-first&quot;,
					&quot;editor9-last&quot;
				]
			]
		}
	},
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;
}
&lt;/templatedata&gt;

==Alternate usages==
For medical articles, [https://tools.wmflabs.org/citation-template-filling/cgi-bin/index.cgi this citation-filling template] can be used to generate a cite journal template from a [[PubMed]] identifier (PMID).

==See also==
{{Citation Style 1}}
{{Wikipedia referencing}}
{{UF-COinS}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;
[[Category:Citation Style 1 templates|J]]
&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mi77yg38j9w8rb8ut5h95rs6cx9glrq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4499</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29152</id>
      <parentid>27415</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-04-09T13:08:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martorellpedro</username>
        <id>8694</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="205172" xml:space="preserve">require ('Module:No globals');

--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------

each of these counts against the Lua upvalue limit

]]

local validation;																-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation

local utilities;																-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
local z ={};																	-- table of tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities

local identifiers;																-- functions and tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
local metadata;																	-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
local cfg = {};																	-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
local whitelist = {};															-- table of tables listing valid template parameter names; defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist


--[[------------------&lt; P A G E   S C O P E   V A R I A B L E S &gt;---------------

declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from
other modules; that are created here and used here

]]

local added_deprecated_cat;														-- Boolean flag so that the category is added only once
local added_vanc_errs;															-- Boolean flag so we only emit one Vancouver error / category
local added_generic_name_errs;													-- Boolean flag so we only emit one generic name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered
local Frame;																	-- holds the module's frame table
local is_preview_mode;															-- true when article is in preview mode; false when using 'Preview page with this template' (previewing the module)
local is_sandbox;																-- true when using sandbox modules to render citation


--[[--------------------------&lt; F I R S T _ S E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Locates and returns the first set value in a table of values where the order established in the table,
left-to-right (or top-to-bottom), is the order in which the values are evaluated.  Returns nil if none are set.

This version replaces the original 'for _, val in pairs do' and a similar version that used ipairs.  With the pairs
version the order of evaluation could not be guaranteed.  With the ipairs version, a nil value would terminate
the for-loop before it reached the actual end of the list.

]]

local function first_set (list, count)
	local i = 1;
	while i &lt;= count do															-- loop through all items in list
		if utilities.is_set( list[i] ) then
			return list[i];														-- return the first set list member
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- point to next
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ V A N C _ E R R O R &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Adds a single Vancouver system error message to the template's output regardless of how many error actually exist.
To prevent duplication, added_vanc_errs is nil until an error message is emitted.

added_vanc_errs is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above

]]

local function add_vanc_error (source, position)
	if added_vanc_errs then return end
		
	added_vanc_errs = true;														-- note that we've added this category
	utilities.set_message ('err_vancouver', {source, position});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S C H E M E &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

does this thing that purports to be a URI scheme seem to be a valid scheme?  The scheme is checked to see if it
is in agreement with http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 which says:
	Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters beginning with a
   letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus
   (&quot;+&quot;), period (&quot;.&quot;), or hyphen (&quot;-&quot;).

returns true if it does, else false

]]

local function is_scheme (scheme)
	return scheme and scheme:match ('^%a[%a%d%+%.%-]*:');						-- true if scheme is set and matches the pattern
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ D O M A I N _ N A M E &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Does this thing that purports to be a domain name seem to be a valid domain name?

Syntax defined here: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5
BNF defined here: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234
Single character names are generally reserved; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dnsind-iana-dns-01#page-15;
	see also [[Single-letter second-level domain]]
list of TLDs: https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db

RFC 952 (modified by RFC 1123) requires the first and last character of a hostname to be a letter or a digit.  Between
the first and last characters the name may use letters, digits, and the hyphen.

Also allowed are IPv4 addresses. IPv6 not supported

domain is expected to be stripped of any path so that the last character in the last character of the TLD.  tld
is two or more alpha characters.  Any preceding '//' (from splitting a URL with a scheme) will be stripped
here.  Perhaps not necessary but retained in case it is necessary for IPv4 dot decimal.

There are several tests:
	the first character of the whole domain name including subdomains must be a letter or a digit
	internationalized domain name (ASCII characters with .xn-- ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) prefix xn-- in the TLD) see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490
	single-letter/digit second-level domains in the .org, .cash, and .today TLDs
	q, x, and z SL domains in the .com TLD
	i and q SL domains in the .net TLD
	single-letter SL domains in the ccTLDs (where the ccTLD is two letters)
	two-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
	three-plus-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
	IPv4 dot-decimal address format; TLD not allowed

returns true if domain appears to be a proper name and TLD or IPv4 address, else false

]=]

local function is_domain_name (domain)
	if not domain then
		return false;															-- if not set, abandon
	end
	
	domain = domain:gsub ('^//', '');											-- strip '//' from domain name if present; done here so we only have to do it once
	
	if not domain:match ('^[%w]') then											-- first character must be letter or digit
		return false;
	end

	if domain:match ('^%a+:') then												-- hack to detect things that look like s:Page:Title where Page: is namespace at Wikisource
		return false;
	end

	local patterns = {															-- patterns that look like URLs
		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.%a%a+$',										-- three or more character hostname.hostname or hostname.tld
		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.xn%-%-[%w]+$',									-- internationalized domain name with ACE prefix
		'%f[%a][qxz]%.com$',													-- assigned one character .com hostname (x.com times out 2015-12-10)
		'%f[%a][iq]%.net$',														-- assigned one character .net hostname (q.net registered but not active 2015-12-10)
		'%f[%w][%w]%.%a%a$',													-- one character hostname and ccTLD (2 chars)
		'%f[%w][%w][%w]%.%a%a+$',												-- two character hostname and TLD
		'^%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?',								-- IPv4 address
		}

	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do										-- loop through the patterns list
		if domain:match (pattern) then
			return true;														-- if a match then we think that this thing that purports to be a URL is a URL
		end
	end

	for _, d in ipairs ({'cash', 'company', 'today', 'org'}) do					-- look for single letter second level domain names for these top level domains
		if domain:match ('%f[%w][%w]%.' .. d) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false;																-- no matches, we don't know what this thing is
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------

returns true if the scheme and domain parts of a URL appear to be a valid URL; else false.

This function is the last step in the validation process.  This function is separate because there are cases that
are not covered by split_url(), for example is_parameter_ext_wikilink() which is looking for bracketted external
wikilinks.

]]

local function is_url (scheme, domain)
	if utilities.is_set (scheme) then											-- if scheme is set check it and domain
		return is_scheme (scheme) and is_domain_name (domain);
	else
		return is_domain_name (domain);											-- scheme not set when URL is protocol-relative
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S P L I T _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Split a URL into a scheme, authority indicator, and domain.

First remove Fully Qualified Domain Name terminator (a dot following TLD) (if any) and any path(/), query(?) or fragment(#).

If protocol-relative URL, return nil scheme and domain else return nil for both scheme and domain.

When not protocol-relative, get scheme, authority indicator, and domain.  If there is an authority indicator (one
or more '/' characters immediately following the scheme's colon), make sure that there are only 2.

Any URL that does not have news: scheme must have authority indicator (//).  TODO: are there other common schemes
like news: that don't use authority indicator?

Strip off any port and path;

]]

local function split_url (url_str)
	local scheme, authority, domain;
	
	url_str = url_str:gsub ('([%a%d])%.?[/%?#].*$', '%1');						-- strip FQDN terminator and path(/), query(?), fragment (#) (the capture prevents false replacement of '//')

	if url_str:match ('^//%S*') then											-- if there is what appears to be a protocol-relative URL
		domain = url_str:match ('^//(%S*)')
	elseif url_str:match ('%S-:/*%S+') then										-- if there is what appears to be a scheme, optional authority indicator, and domain name
		scheme, authority, domain = url_str:match ('(%S-:)(/*)(%S+)');			-- extract the scheme, authority indicator, and domain portions
		if utilities.is_set (authority) then
			authority = authority:gsub ('//', '', 1);							-- replace place 1 pair of '/' with nothing;
			if utilities.is_set(authority) then									-- if anything left (1 or 3+ '/' where authority should be) then
				return scheme;													-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message
			end
		else
			if not scheme:match ('^news:') then									-- except for news:..., MediaWiki won't link URLs that do not have authority indicator; TODO: a better way to do this test?
				return scheme;													-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message
			end
		end
		domain = domain:gsub ('(%a):%d+', '%1');								-- strip port number if present
	end
	
	return scheme, domain;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I N K _ P A R A M _ O K &gt;---------------------------------------------------

checks the content of |title-link=, |series-link=, |author-link=, etc. for properly formatted content: no wikilinks, no URLs

Link parameters are to hold the title of a Wikipedia article, so none of the WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS are allowed:
	# &lt; &gt; [ ] | { } _
except the underscore which is used as a space in wiki URLs and # which is used for section links

returns false when the value contains any of these characters.

When there are no illegal characters, this function returns TRUE if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL (the
|&lt;param&gt;-link= parameter is ok); else false when value appears to be a valid URL (the |&lt;param&gt;-link= parameter is NOT ok).

]]

local function link_param_ok (value)
	local scheme, domain;
	if value:find ('[&lt;&gt;%[%]|{}]') then											-- if any prohibited characters
		return false;
	end

	scheme, domain = split_url (value);											-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL; 
	return not is_url (scheme, domain);											-- return true if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I N K _ T I T L E _ O K &gt;---------------------------------------------------

Use link_param_ok() to validate |&lt;param&gt;-link= value and its matching |&lt;title&gt;= value.

|&lt;title&gt;= may be wiki-linked but not when |&lt;param&gt;-link= has a value.  This function emits an error message when
that condition exists

check &lt;link&gt; for inter-language interwiki-link prefix.  prefix must be a MediaWiki-recognized language
code and must begin with a colon.

]]

local function link_title_ok (link, lorig, title, torig)
local orig;
	if utilities.is_set (link) then 											-- don't bother if &lt;param&gt;-link doesn't have a value
		if not link_param_ok (link) then										-- check |&lt;param&gt;-link= markup
			orig = lorig;														-- identify the failing link parameter
		elseif title:find ('%[%[') then											-- check |title= for wikilink markup
			orig = torig;														-- identify the failing |title= parameter
		elseif link:match ('^%a+:') then										-- if the link is what looks like an interwiki
			local prefix = link:match ('^(%a+):'):lower();						-- get the interwiki prefix

			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix] then									-- if prefix is in the map, must have preceding colon
				orig = lorig;													-- flag as error
			end
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (orig) then
		link = '';																-- unset
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', orig);						-- URL or wikilink in |title= with |title-link=;
	end
	
	return link;																-- link if ok, empty string else
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Determines whether a URL string appears to be valid.

First we test for space characters.  If any are found, return false.  Then split the URL into scheme and domain
portions, or for protocol-relative (//example.com) URLs, just the domain.  Use is_url() to validate the two
portions of the URL.  If both are valid, or for protocol-relative if domain is valid, return true, else false.

Because it is different from a standard URL, and because this module used external_link() to make external links
that work for standard and news: links, we validate newsgroup names here.  The specification for a newsgroup name
is at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.4

]]

local function check_url( url_str )
	if nil == url_str:match (&quot;^%S+$&quot;) then										-- if there are any spaces in |url=value it can't be a proper URL
		return false;
	end
	local scheme, domain;

	scheme, domain = split_url (url_str);										-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL;
	
	if 'news:' == scheme then													-- special case for newsgroups
		return domain:match('^[%a%d%+%-_]+%.[%a%d%+%-_%.]*[%a%d%+%-_]$');
	end
	
	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid URL
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ P A R A M E T E R _ E X T _ W I K I L I N K &gt;----------------------------

Return true if a parameter value has a string that begins and ends with square brackets [ and ] and the first
non-space characters following the opening bracket appear to be a URL.  The test will also find external wikilinks
that use protocol-relative URLs. Also finds bare URLs.

The frontier pattern prevents a match on interwiki-links which are similar to scheme:path URLs.  The tests that
find bracketed URLs are required because the parameters that call this test (currently |title=, |chapter=, |work=,
and |publisher=) may have wikilinks and there are articles or redirects like '//Hus' so, while uncommon, |title=[[//Hus]]
is possible as might be [[en://Hus]].

]=]

local function is_parameter_ext_wikilink (value)
local scheme, domain;

	if value:match ('%f[%[]%[%a%S*:%S+.*%]') then								-- if ext. wikilink with scheme and domain: [xxxx://yyyyy.zzz]
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(%a%S*:%S+).*%]'));
	elseif value:match ('%f[%[]%[//%S+.*%]') then								-- if protocol-relative ext. wikilink: [//yyyyy.zzz]
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(//%S+).*%]'));
	elseif value:match ('%a%S*:%S+') then										-- if bare URL with scheme; may have leading or trailing plain text
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(%a%S*:%S+)'));
	elseif value:match ('//%S+') then											-- if protocol-relative bare URL: //yyyyy.zzz; may have leading or trailing plain text
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(//%S+)'));					-- what is left should be the domain
	else
		return false;															-- didn't find anything that is obviously a URL
	end

	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid URL
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ F O R _ U R L &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

loop through a list of parameters and their values.  Look at the value and if it has an external link, emit an error message.

]]

local function check_for_url (parameter_list, error_list)
	for k, v in pairs (parameter_list) do										-- for each parameter in the list
		if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (v) then									-- look at the value; if there is a URL add an error message
			table.insert (error_list, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k));
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ F O R _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions

]]

local function safe_for_url( str )
	if str:match( &quot;%[%[.-%]%]&quot; ) ~= nil then 
		utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url', {});
	end
	
	return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', {	
		['['] = '&amp;#91;',
		[']'] = '&amp;#93;',
		['\n'] = ' ' } );
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T E R N A L _ L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Format an external link with error checking

]]

local function external_link (URL, label, source, access)
	local err_msg = '';
	local domain;
	local path;
	local base_url;

	if not utilities.is_set (label) then
		label = URL;
		if utilities.is_set (source) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_bare_url_missing_title', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});
		else
			error (cfg.messages[&quot;bare_url_no_origin&quot;]);
		end			
	end
	if not check_url (URL) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});
	end
	
	domain, path = URL:match ('^([/%.%-%+:%a%d]+)([/%?#].*)$');					-- split the URL into scheme plus domain and path
	if path then																-- if there is a path portion
		path = path:gsub ('[%[%]]', {['['] = '%5b', [']'] = '%5d'});			-- replace '[' and ']' with their percent-encoded values
		URL = table.concat ({domain, path});									-- and reassemble
	end

	base_url = table.concat ({ &quot;[&quot;, URL, &quot; &quot;, safe_for_url (label), &quot;]&quot; });		-- assemble a wiki-markup URL

	if utilities.is_set (access) then											-- access level (subscription, registration, limited)
		base_url = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[access].class, cfg.presentation[access].title, base_url});	-- add the appropriate icon
	end

	return base_url;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D E P R E C A T E D _ P A R A M E T E R &gt;--------------------------------------

Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters.  The function includes the
offending parameter name to the error message.  Only one error message is emitted regardless of the number of deprecated
parameters in the citation.

added_deprecated_cat is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above

]]

local function deprecated_parameter(name)
	if not added_deprecated_cat then
		added_deprecated_cat = true;											-- note that we've added this category
		utilities.set_message ('err_deprecated_params', {name});				-- add error message
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; K E R N _ Q U O T E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the module and a leading or trailing quote
mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value.

This function will positive kern either single or double quotes:
	&quot;'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'&quot;
	&quot; 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' &quot; (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example)
Double single quotes (italic or bold wiki-markup) are not kerned.

Replaces Unicode quote marks in plain text or in the label portion of a [[L|D]] style wikilink with typewriter
quote marks regardless of the need for kerning.  Unicode quote marks are not replaced in simple [[D]] wikilinks.

Call this function for chapter titles, for website titles, etc.; not for book titles.

]=]

local function kern_quotes (str)
	local cap = '';
	local wl_type, label, link;

	wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (str);							-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]]
	
	if 1 == wl_type then														-- [[D]] simple wikilink with or without quote marks
		if mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\&quot;“”\'‘’].+[\&quot;“”\'‘’]%]%]') then		-- leading and trailing quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str);
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str);
		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\&quot;“”\'‘’].+%]%]')	then			-- leading quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str);
		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[.+[\&quot;“”\'‘’]%]%]') then				-- trailing quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str);
		end

	else																		-- plain text or [[L|D]]; text in label variable
		label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[“”]', '\&quot;');							-- replace “” (U+201C &amp; U+201D) with &quot; (typewriter double quote mark)
		label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[‘’]', '\'');							-- replace ‘’ (U+2018 &amp; U+2019) with ' (typewriter single quote mark)

		cap = mw.ustring.match (label, &quot;^([\&quot;\'][^\'].+)&quot;);						-- match leading double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup)
		if utilities.is_set (cap) then
			label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], cap);
		end
	
		cap = mw.ustring.match (label, &quot;^(.+[^\'][\&quot;\'])$&quot;)						-- match trailing double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup)
		if utilities.is_set (cap) then
			label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], cap);
		end
		
		if 2 == wl_type then
			str = utilities.make_wikilink (link, label);						-- reassemble the wikilink
		else
			str = label;
		end
	end
	return str;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ S C R I P T _ V A L U E &gt;----------------------------------------

|script-title= holds title parameters that are not written in Latin-based scripts: Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, etc. These scripts should
not be italicized and may be written right-to-left.  The value supplied by |script-title= is concatenated onto Title after Title has been wrapped
in italic markup.

Regardless of language, all values provided by |script-title= are wrapped in &lt;bdi&gt;...&lt;/bdi&gt; tags to isolate RTL languages from the English left to right.

|script-title= provides a unique feature.  The value in |script-title= may be prefixed with a two-character ISO 639-1 language code and a colon:
	|script-title=ja:*** *** (where * represents a Japanese character)
Spaces between the two-character code and the colon and the colon and the first script character are allowed:
	|script-title=ja : *** ***
	|script-title=ja: *** ***
	|script-title=ja :*** ***
Spaces preceding the prefix are allowed: |script-title = ja:*** ***

The prefix is checked for validity.  If it is a valid ISO 639-1 language code, the lang attribute (lang=&quot;ja&quot;) is added to the &lt;bdi&gt; tag so that browsers can
know the language the tag contains.  This may help the browser render the script more correctly.  If the prefix is invalid, the lang attribute
is not added.  At this time there is no error message for this condition.

Supports |script-title=, |script-chapter=, |script-&lt;periodical&gt;=

]]

local function format_script_value (script_value, script_param)
	local lang='';																-- initialize to empty string
	local name;
	if script_value:match('^%l%l%l?%s*:') then									-- if first 3 or 4 non-space characters are script language prefix
		lang = script_value:match('^(%l%l%l?)%s*:%s*%S.*');						-- get the language prefix or nil if there is no script
		if not utilities.is_set (lang) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, 'missing title part'});		-- prefix without 'title'; add error message
			return '';															-- script_value was just the prefix so return empty string
		end
																				-- if we get this far we have prefix and script
		name = cfg.lang_code_remap[lang] or mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang, cfg.this_wiki_code );	-- get language name so that we can use it to categorize
		if utilities.is_set (name) then											-- is prefix a proper ISO 639-1 language code?
			script_value = script_value:gsub ('^%l+%s*:%s*', '');				-- strip prefix from script
																				-- is prefix one of these language codes?
			if utilities.in_array (lang, cfg.script_lang_codes) then
				utilities.add_prop_cat ('script', {name, lang})
			else
				utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, 'unknown language code'});	-- unknown script-language; add error message
			end
			lang = ' lang=&quot;' .. lang .. '&quot; ';									-- convert prefix into a lang attribute
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, 'invalid language code'});		-- invalid language code; add error message
			lang = '';															-- invalid so set lang to empty string
		end
	else
		utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, 'missing prefix'});				-- no language code prefix; add error message
	end
	script_value = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {lang, script_value});	-- isolate in case script is RTL

	return script_value;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S C R I P T _ C O N C A T E N A T E &gt;------------------------------------------

Initially for |title= and |script-title=, this function concatenates those two parameter values after the script
value has been wrapped in &lt;bdi&gt; tags.

]]

local function script_concatenate (title, script, script_param)
	if utilities.is_set (script) then
		script = format_script_value (script, script_param);					-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; returns empty string on error
		if utilities.is_set (script) then
			title = title .. ' ' .. script;										-- concatenate title and script title
		end
	end
	return title;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; W R A P _ M S G &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Applies additional message text to various parameter values. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list
configuration taking one argument.  Supports lower case text for {{citation}} templates.  Additional text taken
from citation_config.messages - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_style().

]]

local function wrap_msg (key, str, lower)
	if not utilities.is_set ( str ) then
		return &quot;&quot;;
	end
	if true == lower then
		local msg;
		msg = cfg.messages[key]:lower();										-- set the message to lower case before 
		return utilities.substitute ( msg, str );								-- including template text
	else
		return utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages[key], str );
	end		
end


--[[----------------&lt; W I K I S O U R C E _ U R L _ M A K E &gt;-------------------

Makes a Wikisource URL from Wikisource interwiki-link.  Returns the URL and appropriate
label; nil else.

str is the value assigned to |chapter= (or aliases) or |title= or |title-link=

]]

local function wikisource_url_make (str)
	local wl_type, D, L;
	local ws_url, ws_label;
	local wikisource_prefix = table.concat ({'https://', cfg.this_wiki_code, '.wikisource.org/wiki/'});

	wl_type, D, L = utilities.is_wikilink (str);								-- wl_type is 0 (not a wikilink), 1 (simple wikilink), 2 (complex wikilink)

	if 0 == wl_type then														-- not a wikilink; might be from |title-link=
		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title
				});
			ws_label = str;														-- label for the URL
		end
	elseif 1 == wl_type then													-- simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article]]
		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title
				});
			ws_label = str;														-- label for the URL
		end
	elseif 2 == wl_type then													-- non-so-simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article|displayed text]] ([[L|D]])
		str = L:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or L:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_label = D;														-- get ws article name from display portion of interwiki link
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title without namespace from link portion of wikilink
				});
		end
	end

	if ws_url then
		ws_url = mw.uri.encode (ws_url, 'WIKI');								-- make a usable URL
		ws_url = ws_url:gsub ('%%23', '#');										-- undo percent-encoding of fragment marker
	end

	return ws_url, ws_label, L or D;											-- return proper URL or nil and a label or nil
end


--[[----------------&lt; F O R M A T _ P E R I O D I C A L &gt;-----------------------

Format the three periodical parameters: |script-&lt;periodical&gt;=, |&lt;periodical&gt;=,
and |trans-&lt;periodical&gt;= into a single Periodical meta-parameter.

]]

local function format_periodical (script_periodical, script_periodical_source, periodical, trans_periodical)

	if not utilities.is_set (periodical) then
		periodical = '';														-- to be safe for concatenation
	else
		periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', periodical);			-- style 
	end

	periodical = script_concatenate (periodical, script_periodical, script_periodical_source);	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped

	if utilities.is_set (trans_periodical) then
		trans_periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', trans_periodical);
		if utilities.is_set (periodical) then
			periodical = periodical .. ' ' .. trans_periodical;
		else																	-- here when trans-periodical without periodical or script-periodical
			periodical = trans_periodical;
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'periodical'});
		end
	end

	return periodical;
end


--[[------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ C H A P T E R _ T I T L E &gt;---------------

Format the four chapter parameters: |script-chapter=, |chapter=, |trans-chapter=,
and |chapter-url= into a single chapter meta- parameter (chapter_url_source used
for error messages).

]]

local function format_chapter_title (script_chapter, script_chapter_source, chapter, chapter_source, trans_chapter, trans_chapter_source, chapter_url, chapter_url_source, no_quotes, access)
	local ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (chapter);					-- make a wikisource URL and label from a wikisource interwiki link
	if ws_url then
		ws_label = ws_label:gsub ('_', ' ');									-- replace underscore separators with space characters
		chapter = ws_label;
	end

	if not utilities.is_set (chapter) then
		chapter = '';															-- to be safe for concatenation
	else
		if false == no_quotes then
			chapter = kern_quotes (chapter);									-- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks
			chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', chapter);
		end
	end

	chapter = script_concatenate (chapter, script_chapter, script_chapter_source);	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped

	if utilities.is_set (chapter_url) then
		chapter = external_link (chapter_url, chapter, chapter_url_source, access);	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate
	elseif ws_url then
		chapter = external_link (ws_url, chapter .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in chapter');	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate; space char to move icon away from chap text; TODO: better way to do this?
		chapter = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, chapter});				
	end

	if utilities.is_set (trans_chapter) then
		trans_chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_chapter);
		if utilities.is_set (chapter) then
			chapter = chapter .. ' ' .. trans_chapter;
		else																	-- here when trans_chapter without chapter or script-chapter
			chapter = trans_chapter;
			chapter_source = trans_chapter_source:match ('trans%-?(.+)');		-- when no chapter, get matching name from trans-&lt;param&gt;
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {chapter_source});
		end
	end

	return chapter;
end


--[[----------------&lt; H A S _ I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R S &gt;-------------------

This function searches a parameter's value for non-printable or invisible characters.
The search stops at the first match.

This function will detect the visible replacement character when it is part of the Wikisource.

Detects but ignores nowiki and math stripmarkers.  Also detects other named stripmarkers
(gallery, math, pre, ref) and identifies them with a slightly different error message.
See also coins_cleanup().

Output of this function is an error message that identifies the character or the
Unicode group, or the stripmarker that was detected along with its position (or,
for multi-byte characters, the position of its first byte) in the parameter value.

]]

local function has_invisible_chars (param, v)
	local position = '';														-- position of invisible char or starting position of stripmarker
	local capture;																-- used by stripmarker detection to hold name of the stripmarker
	local stripmarker;															-- boolean set true when a stripmarker is found

	capture = string.match (v, '[%w%p ]*');										-- test for values that are simple ASCII text and bypass other tests if true
	if capture == v then														-- if same there are no Unicode characters
		return;
	end

	for _, invisible_char in ipairs (cfg.invisible_chars) do
		local char_name = invisible_char[1];									-- the character or group name
		local pattern = invisible_char[2];										-- the pattern used to find it
		position, _, capture = mw.ustring.find (v, pattern);					-- see if the parameter value contains characters that match the pattern
		
		if position and (cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then				-- if we found a zero-width joiner character
			if mw.ustring.find (v, cfg.indic_script) then						-- it's ok if one of the Indic scripts
				position = nil;													-- unset position
			elseif cfg.emoji[mw.ustring.codepoint (v, position+1)] then			-- is zwj followed by a character listed in emoji{}?
				position = nil;													-- unset position
			end
		end
		
		if position then
			if 'nowiki' == capture or 'math' == capture or						-- nowiki and math stripmarkers (not an error condition)
				('templatestyles' == capture and utilities.in_array (param, {'id', 'quote'})) then	-- templatestyles stripmarker allowed in these parameters
					stripmarker = true;											-- set a flag
			elseif true == stripmarker and cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture then	-- because stripmakers begin and end with the delete char, assume that we've found one end of a stripmarker
				position = nil;													-- unset
			else
				local err_msg;
				if capture and not (cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture or cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then
					err_msg = capture .. ' ' .. char_name;
				else
					err_msg = char_name .. ' ' .. 'character';
				end

				utilities.set_message ('err_invisible_char', {err_msg, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param), position});	-- add error message
				return;															-- and done with this parameter
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[-------------------&lt; A R G U M E N T _ W R A P P E R &gt;----------------------

Argument wrapper.  This function provides support for argument mapping defined
in the configuration file so that multiple names can be transparently aliased to
single internal variable.

]]

local function argument_wrapper ( args )
	local origin = {};
	
	return setmetatable({
		ORIGIN = function ( self, k )
			local dummy = self[k];												-- force the variable to be loaded.
			return origin[k];
		end
	},
	{
		__index = function ( tbl, k )
			if origin[k] ~= nil then
				return nil;
			end
			
			local args, list, v = args, cfg.aliases[k];
			
			if type( list ) == 'table' then
				v, origin[k] = utilities.select_one ( args, list, 'err_redundant_parameters' );
				if origin[k] == nil then
					origin[k] = '';												-- Empty string, not nil
				end
			elseif list ~= nil then
				v, origin[k] = args[list], list;
			else
				-- maybe let through instead of raising an error?
				-- v, origin[k] = args[k], k;
				error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] .. ': ' .. k);
			end
			
			-- Empty strings, not nil;
			if v == nil then
				v = '';
				origin[k] = '';
			end
			
			tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v );
			return v;
		end,
	});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N O W R A P _ D A T E &gt;-------------------------

When date is YYYY-MM-DD format wrap in nowrap span: &lt;span ...&gt;YYYY-MM-DD&lt;/span&gt;.
When date is DD MMMM YYYY or is MMMM DD, YYYY then wrap in nowrap span:
&lt;span ...&gt;DD MMMM&lt;/span&gt; YYYY or &lt;span ...&gt;MMMM DD,&lt;/span&gt; YYYY

DOES NOT yet support MMMM YYYY or any of the date ranges.

]]

local function nowrap_date (date)
	local cap = '';
	local cap2 = '';

	if date:match(&quot;^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$&quot;) then
		date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap1'], date);
	
	elseif date:match(&quot;^%a+%s*%d%d?,%s+%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or date:match (&quot;^%d%d?%s*%a+%s+%d%d%d%d$&quot;) then
		cap, cap2 = string.match (date, &quot;^(.*)%s+(%d%d%d%d)$&quot;);
		date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap2'], {cap, cap2});
	end
	
	return date;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ T I T L E T Y P E &gt;---------------------

This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including
|type=&lt;default value&gt;) for those templates that have defaults. Also handles the
special case where it is desirable to omit the title type from the rendered citation
(|type=none).

]]

local function set_titletype (cite_class, title_type)
	if utilities.is_set (title_type) then
		if 'none' == cfg.keywords_xlate[title_type] then
			title_type = '';													-- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed
		end
		return title_type;														-- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value
	end

	return cfg.title_types [cite_class] or '';									-- set template's default title type; else empty string for concatenation
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ J O I N &gt;-----------------------------

Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters.

]]

local function safe_join( tbl, duplicate_char )
	local f = {};																-- create a function table appropriate to type of 'duplicate character'
		if 1 == #duplicate_char then											-- for single byte ASCII characters use the string library functions
			f.gsub = string.gsub
			f.match = string.match
			f.sub = string.sub
		else																	-- for multi-byte characters use the ustring library functions
			f.gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
			f.match = mw.ustring.match
			f.sub = mw.ustring.sub
		end

	local str = '';																-- the output string
	local comp = '';															-- what does 'comp' mean?
	local end_chr = '';
	local trim;
	for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
		if value == nil then value = ''; end
		
		if str == '' then														-- if output string is empty
			str = value;														-- assign value to it (first time through the loop)
		elseif value ~= '' then
			if value:sub(1, 1) == '&lt;' then										-- special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup.
				comp = value:gsub( &quot;%b&lt;&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot; );								-- remove HTML markup (&lt;span&gt;string&lt;/span&gt; -&gt; string)
			else
				comp = value;
			end
																				-- typically duplicate_char is sepc
			if f.sub(comp, 1, 1) == duplicate_char then							-- is first character same as duplicate_char? why test first character?
																				--   Because individual string segments often (always?) begin with terminal punct for the
																				--   preceding segment: 'First element' .. 'sepc next element' .. etc.?
				trim = false;
				end_chr = f.sub(str, -1, -1);									-- get the last character of the output string
				-- str = str .. &quot;&lt;HERE(enchr=&quot; .. end_chr .. &quot;)&quot;				-- debug stuff?
				if end_chr == duplicate_char then								-- if same as separator
					str = f.sub(str, 1, -2);									-- remove it
				elseif end_chr == &quot;'&quot; then										-- if it might be wiki-markup
					if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;''&quot; then		-- if last three chars of str are sepc'' 
						str = f.sub(str, 1, -4) .. &quot;''&quot;;						-- remove them and add back ''
					elseif  f.sub(str, -5, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]]''&quot; then	-- if last five chars of str are sepc]]'' 
						trim = true;											-- why? why do this and next differently from previous?
					elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]''&quot; then	-- if last four chars of str are sepc]'' 
						trim = true;											-- same question
					end
				elseif end_chr == &quot;]&quot; then										-- if it might be wiki-markup
					if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]]&quot; then		-- if last three chars of str are sepc]] wikilink 
						trim = true;
					elseif f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. '&quot;]' then	-- if last three chars of str are sepc&quot;] quoted external link 
						trim = true;
					elseif  f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]&quot; then	-- if last two chars of str are sepc] external link
						trim = true;
					elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;'']&quot; then	-- normal case when |url=something &amp; |title=Title.
						trim = true;
					end
				elseif end_chr == &quot; &quot; then										-- if last char of output string is a space
					if f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot; &quot; then			-- if last two chars of str are &lt;sepc&gt;&lt;space&gt;
						str = f.sub(str, 1, -3);								-- remove them both
					end
				end

				if trim then
					if value ~= comp then 										-- value does not equal comp when value contains HTML markup
						local dup2 = duplicate_char;
						if f.match(dup2, &quot;%A&quot; ) then dup2 = &quot;%&quot; .. dup2; end	-- if duplicate_char not a letter then escape it
						
						value = f.gsub(value, &quot;(%b&lt;&gt;)&quot; .. dup2, &quot;%1&quot;, 1 )		-- remove duplicate_char if it follows HTML markup
					else
						value = f.sub(value, 2, -1 );							-- remove duplicate_char when it is first character
					end
				end
			end
			str = str .. value; 												-- add it to the output string
		end
	end
	return str;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S U F F I X &gt;-----------------------------

returns true if suffix is properly formed Jr, Sr, or ordinal in the range 1–9.
Puncutation not allowed.

]]

local function is_suffix (suffix)
	if utilities.in_array (suffix, {'Jr', 'Sr', 'Jnr', 'Snr', '1st', '2nd', '3rd'}) or suffix:match ('^%dth$') then
		return true;
	end
	return false;
end


--[[--------------------&lt; I S _ G O O D _ V A N C _ N A M E &gt;-------------------

For Vancouver style, author/editor names are supposed to be rendered in Latin
(read ASCII) characters.  When a name uses characters that contain diacritical
marks, those characters are to be converted to the corresponding Latin
character. When a name is written using a non-Latin alphabet or logogram, that
name is to be transliterated into Latin characters. The module doesn't do this
so editors may/must.

This test allows |first= and |last= names to contain any of the letters defined
in the four Unicode Latin character sets
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf C0 Controls and Basic Latin] 0041–005A, 0061–007A
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement] 00C0–00D6, 00D8–00F6, 00F8–00FF
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf Latin Extended-A] 0100–017F
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf Latin Extended-B] 0180–01BF, 01C4–024F

|lastn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, and apostrophes.
	(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/)
|firstn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, apostrophes, and periods

This original test:
	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, &quot;^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%']*$&quot;)
	or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, &quot;^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%'%.]+[2-6%a]*$&quot;) then
was written outside of the code editor and pasted here because the code editor
gets confused between character insertion point and cursor position. The test has
been rewritten to use decimal character escape sequence for the individual bytes
of the Unicode characters so that it is not necessary to use an external editor
to maintain this code.

	\195\128-\195\150 – À-Ö (U+00C0–U+00D6 – C0 controls)
	\195\152-\195\182 – Ø-ö (U+00D8-U+00F6 – C0 controls)
	\195\184-\198\191 – ø-ƿ (U+00F8-U+01BF – C0 controls, Latin extended A &amp; B)
	\199\132-\201\143 – Ǆ-ɏ (U+01C4-U+024F – Latin extended B)

]]

local function is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, position)
	if not suffix then
		if first:find ('[,%s]') then											-- when there is a space or comma, might be first name/initials + generational suffix
			first = first:match ('(.-)[,%s]+');									-- get name/initials
			suffix = first:match ('[,%s]+(.+)$');								-- get generational suffix
		end
	end
	if utilities.is_set (suffix) then
		if not is_suffix (suffix) then
			add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position);
			return false;														-- not a name with an appropriate suffix
		end
	end
	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, &quot;^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143%-%s%']*$&quot;) or
		nil == mw.ustring.find (first, &quot;^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143%-%s%'%.]*$&quot;) then
			add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['non-Latin char'], position);
			return false;														-- not a string of Latin characters; Vancouver requires Romanization
	end;
	return true;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; R E D U C E _ T O _ I N I T I A L S &gt;------------------------------------------

Attempts to convert names to initials in support of |name-list-style=vanc.  

Names in |firstn= may be separated by spaces or hyphens, or for initials, a period.
See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35062/.

Vancouver style requires family rank designations (Jr, II, III, etc.) to be rendered
as Jr, 2nd, 3rd, etc.  See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35085/.
This code only accepts and understands generational suffix in the Vancouver format
because Roman numerals look like, and can be mistaken for, initials.

This function uses ustring functions because firstname initials may be any of the
Unicode Latin characters accepted by is_good_vanc_name ().

]]

local function reduce_to_initials(first, position)
	local name, suffix = mw.ustring.match(first, &quot;^(%u+) ([%dJS][%drndth]+)$&quot;);

	if not name then															-- if not initials and a suffix
		name = mw.ustring.match(first, &quot;^(%u+)$&quot;);								-- is it just initials?
	end

	if name then																-- if first is initials with or without suffix
		if 3 &gt; mw.ustring.len (name) then										-- if one or two initials
			if suffix then														-- if there is a suffix
				if is_suffix (suffix) then										-- is it legitimate?
					return first;												-- one or two initials and a valid suffix so nothing to do
				else
					add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position);			-- one or two initials with invalid suffix so error message
					return first;												-- and return first unmolested
				end
			else
				return first;													-- one or two initials without suffix; nothing to do
			end
		end
	end																			-- if here then name has 3 or more uppercase letters so treat them as a word

	local initials, names = {}, {};												-- tables to hold name parts and initials
	local i = 1;																-- counter for number of initials

	names = mw.text.split (first, '[%s,]+');									-- split into a table of names and possible suffix

	while names[i] do															-- loop through the table
		if 1 &lt; i and names[i]:match ('[%dJS][%drndth]+%.?$') then				-- if not the first name, and looks like a suffix (may have trailing dot)
			names[i] = names[i]:gsub ('%.', '');								-- remove terminal dot if present
			if is_suffix (names[i]) then										-- if a legitimate suffix
				table.insert (initials, ' ' .. names[i]);						-- add a separator space, insert at end of initials table
				break;															-- and done because suffix must fall at the end of a name
			end																	-- no error message if not a suffix; possibly because of Romanization
		end
		if 3 &gt; i then
			table.insert (initials, mw.ustring.sub(names[i], 1, 1));			-- insert the initial at end of initials table
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- bump the counter
	end
			
	return table.concat(initials)												-- Vancouver format does not include spaces.
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I S T _ P E O P L E &gt;--------------------------

Formats a list of people (authors, contributors, editors, interviewers, translators) 

names in the list will be linked when
	|&lt;name&gt;-link= has a value
	|&lt;name&gt;-mask- does NOT have a value; masked names are presumed to have been
		rendered previously so should have been linked there

when |&lt;name&gt;-mask=0, the associated name is not rendered

]]

local function list_people (control, people, etal)
	local sep;
	local namesep;
	local format = control.format;
	local maximum = control.maximum;
	local name_list = {};

	if 'vanc' == format then													-- Vancouver-like name styling?
		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl_vanc'];									-- name-list separator between names is a comma
		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name_vanc'];							-- last/first separator is a space
	else
		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl'];										-- name-list separator between names is a semicolon
		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name'];									-- last/first separator is &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
	end
	
	if sep:sub (-1, -1) ~= &quot; &quot; then sep = sep .. &quot; &quot; end
	if utilities.is_set (maximum) and maximum &lt; 1 then return &quot;&quot;, 0; end		-- returned 0 is for EditorCount; not used for other names
	
	for i, person in ipairs (people) do
		if utilities.is_set (person.last) then
			local mask = person.mask;
			local one;
			local sep_one = sep;

			if utilities.is_set (maximum) and i &gt; maximum then
				etal = true;
				break;
			end
			
			if mask then
				local n = tonumber (mask);										-- convert to a number if it can be converted; nil else
				if n then
					one = 0 ~= n and string.rep(&quot;&amp;mdash;&quot;, n) or nil;			-- make a string of (n &gt; 0) mdashes, nil else, to replace name
					person.link = nil;											-- don't create link to name if name is replaces with mdash string or has been set nil
				else
					one = mask;													-- replace name with mask text (must include name-list separator)
					sep_one = &quot; &quot;;												-- modify name-list separator
				end
			else
				one = person.last;												-- get surname
				local first = person.first										-- get given name
				if utilities.is_set (first) then
					if (&quot;vanc&quot; == format) then									-- if Vancouver format
						one = one:gsub ('%.', '');								-- remove periods from surnames (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/)
						if not person.corporate and is_good_vanc_name (one, first, nil, i) then		-- and name is all Latin characters; corporate authors not tested
							first = reduce_to_initials (first, i);				-- attempt to convert first name(s) to initials
						end
					end
					one = one .. namesep .. first;
				end
			end
			if utilities.is_set (person.link) then
				one = utilities.make_wikilink (person.link, one);				-- link author/editor
			end
			if one then															-- if &lt;one&gt; has a value (name, mdash replacement, or mask text replacement)
				table.insert (name_list, one);									-- add it to the list of names
				table.insert (name_list, sep_one);								-- add the proper name-list separator
			end
		end
	end

	local count = #name_list / 2;												-- (number of names + number of separators) divided by 2
	if 0 &lt; count then 
		if 1 &lt; count and not etal then
			if 'amp' == format then
				name_list[#name_list-2] = &quot; &amp; &quot;;								-- replace last separator with ampersand text
			elseif 'and' == format then
				if 2 == count then
					name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_and;		-- replace last separator with 'and' text
				else
					name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_end;		-- replace last separator with '(sep) and' text
				end
			end
		end
		name_list[#name_list] = nil;											-- erase the last separator
	end

	local result = table.concat (name_list);									-- construct list
	if etal and utilities.is_set (result) then									-- etal may be set by |display-authors=etal but we might not have a last-first list
		result = result .. sep .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al'];					-- we've got a last-first list and etal so add et al.
	end
	
	return result, count;														-- return name-list string and count of number of names (count used for editor names only)
end


--[[--------------------&lt; M A K E _ C I T E R E F _ I D &gt;-----------------------

Generates a CITEREF anchor ID if we have at least one name or a date.  Otherwise
returns an empty string.

namelist is one of the contributor-, author-, or editor-name lists chosen in that
order.  year is Year or anchor_year.

]]

local function make_citeref_id (namelist, year)
	local names={};							-- a table for the one to four names and year
	for i,v in ipairs (namelist) do			-- loop through the list and take up to the first four last names
		names[i] = v.last
		if i == 4 then break end			-- if four then done
	end
	table.insert (names, year);				-- add the year at the end
	local id = table.concat(names);			-- concatenate names and year for CITEREF id
	if utilities.is_set (id) then			-- if concatenation is not an empty string
		return &quot;CITEREF&quot; .. id;				-- add the CITEREF portion
	else
		return '';							-- return an empty string; no reason to include CITEREF id in this citation
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E _ C L A S S _A T T R I B U T E _M A K E &gt;------------------------------

construct &lt;cite&gt; tag class attribute for this citation.

&lt;cite_class&gt; – config.CitationClass from calling template
&lt;mode&gt; – value from |mode= parameter

]]

local function cite_class_attribute_make (cite_class, mode)
	local class_t = {};
	table.insert (class_t, 'citation');											-- required for blue highlight
	if 'citation' ~= cite_class then
		table.insert (class_t, cite_class);										-- identify this template for user css
		table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs1');		-- identify the citation style for user css or javascript
	else
		table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs2');		-- identify the citation style for user css or javascript
	end
	for _, prop_key in ipairs (z.prop_keys_t) do
		table.insert (class_t, prop_key);										-- identify various properties for user css or javascript
	end

	return table.concat (class_t, ' ');											-- make a big string and done
end


--[[---------------------&lt; N A M E _ H A S _ E T A L &gt;--------------------------

Evaluates the content of name parameters (author, editor, etc.) for variations on
the theme of et al.  If found, the et al. is removed, a flag is set to true and
the function returns the modified name and the flag.

This function never sets the flag to false but returns its previous state because
it may have been set by previous passes through this function or by the associated
|display-&lt;names&gt;=etal parameter

]]

local function name_has_etal (name, etal, nocat, param)

	if utilities.is_set (name) then												-- name can be nil in which case just return
		local patterns = cfg.et_al_patterns; 									-- get patterns from configuration
		
		for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do									-- loop through all of the patterns
			if name:match (pattern) then										-- if this 'et al' pattern is found in name
				name = name:gsub (pattern, '');									-- remove the offending text
				etal = true;													-- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-&lt;names&gt;=etal)
				if not nocat then												-- no categorization for |vauthors=
					utilities.set_message ('err_etal', {param});				-- and set an error if not added
				end
			end
		end
	end

	return name, etal;
end


--[[---------------------&lt; N A M E _ I S _ N U M E R I C &gt;----------------------

Add maint cat when name parameter value does not contain letters.  Does not catch
mixed alphanumeric names so |last=A. Green (1922-1987) does not get caught in the
current version of this test but |first=(1888) is caught.

returns nothing

]]

local function name_is_numeric (name, list_name)
	if utilities.is_set (name) then
		if mw.ustring.match (name, '^[%A]+$') then								-- when name does not contain any letters
			utilities.set_message ('maint_numeric_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- add a maint cat for this template
		end
	end
end


--[[-----------------&lt; N A M E _ H A S _ M U L T _ N A M E S &gt;------------------

Evaluates the content of last/surname (authors etc.) parameters for multiple names.
Multiple names are indicated if there is more than one comma or any &quot;unescaped&quot;
semicolons. Escaped semicolons are ones used as part of selected HTML entities.
If the condition is met, the function adds the multiple name maintenance category.

returns nothing

]]

local function name_has_mult_names (name, list_name)
	local _, commas, semicolons, nbsps;
	if utilities.is_set (name) then
		_, commas = name:gsub (',', '');										-- count the number of commas
		_, semicolons = name:gsub (';', '');									-- count the number of semicolons
		-- nbsps probably should be its own separate count rather than merged in
		-- some way with semicolons because Lua patterns do not support the
		-- grouping operator that regex does, which means there is no way to add
		-- more entities to escape except by adding more counts with the new
		-- entities
		_, nbsps = name:gsub ('&amp;nbsp;','');										-- count nbsps
		
		-- There is exactly 1 semicolon per &amp;nbsp; entity, so subtract nbsps
		-- from semicolons to 'escape' them. If additional entities are added,
		-- they also can be subtracted.
		if 1 &lt; commas or 0 &lt; (semicolons - nbsps) then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_mult_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- add a maint message
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ G E N E R I C &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Compares values assigned to various parameter according to the string provided as &lt;item&gt; in the function call:
	'generic_names': |last=, |first=, |editor-last=, etc value against list of known generic name patterns
	'generic_titles': |title=
Returns true when pattern matches; nil else

The k/v pairs in cfg.special_case_translation[item] each contain two tables, one for English and one for another
'local' language.Each of those tables contain another table that holds the string or pattern (whole or fragment)
in index [1]. index [2] is a Boolean that tells string.find() or mw.ustring.find() to do plain-text search (true)
or a pattern search (false).  The intent of all this complexity is to make these searches as fast as possible so
that we don't run out of processing time on very large articles.

]]

local function is_generic (item, value)
	local test_val;

	for _, generic_value in ipairs (cfg.special_case_translation[item]) do		-- spin through the list of known generic value fragments
		test_val = generic_value['en'][2] and value:lower() or value;			-- when set to 'true', plaintext search using lowercase value

		if test_val:find (generic_value['en'][1], 1, generic_value['en'][2]) then
			return true;														-- found English generic value so done

		elseif generic_value['local'] then										-- to keep work load down, generic_&lt;value&gt;['local'] should be nil except when there is a local version of the generic value
			test_val = generic_value['local'][2] and mw.ustring.lower(value) or value;	-- when set to 'true', plaintext search using lowercase value

			if mw.ustring.find (test_val, generic_value['local'][1], 1, generic_value['local'][2]) then	-- mw.ustring() because might not be Latin script
				return true;													-- found local generic value so done
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ I S _ G E N E R I C &gt;------------------------------------------------

calls is_generic() to determine if &lt;name&gt; is a 'generic name' listed in cfg.generic_names; &lt;name_alias&gt; is the
parameter name used in error messaging

]]

local function name_is_generic (name, name_alias)
	if not added_generic_name_errs  and is_generic ('generic_names', name) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_generic_name', name_alias);					-- set an error message
		added_generic_name_errs = true;
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ C H E C K S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

This function calls various name checking functions used to validate the content of the various name-holding parameters.

]]

local function name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias)
	local accept_name;

	if utilities.is_set (last) then
		last, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (last);				-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;last&gt;

		if not accept_name then													-- &lt;last&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
			name_has_mult_names (last, list_name);								-- check for multiple names in the parameter (last only)
			name_is_numeric (last, list_name);									-- check for names that are composed of digits and punctuation
			name_is_generic (last, last_alias);									-- check for names found in the generic names list
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (first) then
		first, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (first);			-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;first&gt;

		if not accept_name then													-- &lt;first&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
			name_is_numeric (first, list_name);									-- check for names that are composed of digits and punctuation
			name_is_generic (first, first_alias);								-- check for names found in the generic names list
		end
		local wl_type, D = utilities.is_wikilink (first);
		if 0 ~= wl_type then
			first = D;
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', first_alias);
		end
	end

	return last, first;															-- done
end


--[[----------------------&lt; E X T R A C T _ N A M E S &gt;-------------------------

Gets name list from the input arguments

Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters
(or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters. Stops searching
when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts:
found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't find |last4= and |last5= then the
search is done.

This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching
|lastn=.  When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3=
are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not
required to have a matching |firstn=.

When an author or editor parameter contains some form of 'et al.', the 'et al.'
is stripped from the parameter and a flag (etal) returned that will cause list_people()
to add the static 'et al.' text from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration.  This keeps
'et al.' out of the template's metadata.  When this occurs, an error is emitted.

]]

local function extract_names(args, list_name)
	local names = {};															-- table of names
	local last;																	-- individual name components
	local first;
	local link;
	local mask;
	local i = 1;																-- loop counter/indexer
	local n = 1;																-- output table indexer
	local count = 0;															-- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors)
	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. in an author parameter

	local last_alias, first_alias, link_alias;									-- selected parameter aliases used in error messaging
	while true do
		last, last_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );		-- search through args for name components beginning at 1
		first, first_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		link, link_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );

		last, etal = name_has_etal (last, etal, false, last_alias);				-- find and remove variations on et al.
		first, etal = name_has_etal (first, etal, false, first_alias);			-- find and remove variations on et al.
		last, first = name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias);						-- multiple names, extraneous annotation, etc. checks

		if first and not last then												-- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn
			local alias = first_alias:find ('given', 1, true) and 'given' or 'first';	-- get first or given form of the alias
			utilities.set_message ('err_first_missing_last', {
				first_alias,													-- param name of alias missing its mate
				first_alias:gsub (alias, {['first'] = 'last', ['given'] = 'surname'}),	-- make param name appropriate to the alias form
				});																-- add this error message
		elseif not first and not last then										-- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done?
			count = count + 1;													-- number of times we haven't found last and first
			if 2 &lt;= count then													-- two missing names and we give up
				break;															-- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which
			end
		else																	-- we have last with or without a first
			local result;
			link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, last, last_alias);			-- check for improper wiki-markup

			if first then
				link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, first, first_alias);	-- check for improper wiki-markup
			end

			names[n] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = false};	-- add this name to our names list (corporate for |vauthors= only)
			n = n + 1;															-- point to next location in the names table
			if 1 == count then													-- if the previous name was missing
				utilities.set_message ('err_missing_name', {list_name:match (&quot;(%w+)List&quot;):lower(), i - 1});	-- add this error message
			end
			count = 0;															-- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- point to next args location
	end
	
	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names and the etal flag
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ T A G _ G E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------

attempt to decode |language=&lt;lang_param&gt; and return language name and matching tag; nil else.

This function looks for:
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a tag in cfg.lang_code_remap{}
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a name in cfg.lang_name_remap{}
	
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a name in cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a tag in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t
when those fail, presume that &lt;lang_param&gt; is an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki does not recognize.  Strip all
script, region, variant, whatever subtags from &lt;lang_param&gt; to leave just a two or three character language tag
and look for the new &lt;lang_param&gt; in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t{}

on success, return name and matching tag; on failure return nil

]]

local function name_tag_get (lang_param)
	local lang_param_lc = mw.ustring.lower (lang_param);						-- use lowercase as an index into the various tables
	local name;
	local tag;

	name = cfg.lang_code_remap[lang_param_lc];									-- assume &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; attempt to get remapped language name 
	if name then																-- when &lt;name&gt;, &lt;lang_param&gt; is a tag for a remapped language name
		return name, lang_param;												-- so return &lt;name&gt; from remap and &lt;lang_param&gt;
	end

	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- still assuming that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; strip script, region, variant subtags
	name = cfg.lang_code_remap[tag];											-- attempt to get remapped language name with language subtag only
	if name then																-- when &lt;name&gt;, &lt;tag&gt; is a tag for a remapped language name
		return name, tag;														-- so return &lt;name&gt; from remap and &lt;tag&gt;
	end

	if cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc] then									-- not a tag, assume &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a name; attempt to get remapped language tag 
		return cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][1], cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][2];	-- for this &lt;lang_param_lc&gt;, return a (possibly) new name and appropriate tag
	end

	tag = cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t[lang_param_lc];							-- assume that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a language name; attempt to get its matching tag
	
	if tag then
		return cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag], tag;								-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a name so return the name from the table and &lt;tag&gt;
	end

	name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[lang_param_lc];							-- assume that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; attempt to get its matching language name
	
	if name then
		return name, lang_param;												-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag so return &lt;name&gt; and the tag
	end
	
	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- is &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki doesn't recognize? &lt;tag&gt; gets the language subtag; nil else

	if tag then
		name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag];									-- attempt to get a language name using the shortened &lt;tag&gt;
		if name then
			return name, tag;													-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is an unrecognized IETF-like tag so return &lt;name&gt; and language subtag
		end
	end
end


--[[-------------------&lt; L A N G U A G E _ P A R A M E T E R &gt;------------------

Gets language name from a provided two- or three-character ISO 639 code.  If a code
is recognized by MediaWiki, use the returned name; if not, then use the value that
was provided with the language parameter.

When |language= contains a recognized language (either code or name), the page is
assigned to the category for that code: Category:Norwegian-language sources (no).
For valid three-character code languages, the page is assigned to the single category
for '639-2' codes: Category:CS1 ISO 639-2 language sources.

Languages that are the same as the local wiki are not categorized.  MediaWiki does
not recognize three-character equivalents of two-character codes: code 'ar' is
recognized but code 'ara' is not.

This function supports multiple languages in the form |language=nb, French, th
where the language names or codes are separated from each other by commas with
optional space characters.

]]

local function language_parameter (lang)
	local tag;																	-- some form of IETF-like language tag; language subtag with optional region, sript, vatiant, etc subtags
	local lang_subtag;															-- ve populates |language= with mostly unecessary region subtags the MediaWiki does not recognize; this is the base language subtag
	local name;																	-- the language name
	local language_list = {};													-- table of language names to be rendered
	local names_t = {};															-- table made from the value assigned to |language=

	local this_wiki_name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName (cfg.this_wiki_code, cfg.this_wiki_code);	-- get this wiki's language name

	names_t = mw.text.split (lang, '%s*,%s*');									-- names should be a comma separated list

	for _, lang in ipairs (names_t) do											-- reuse lang here because we don't yet know if lang is a language name or a language tag
		name, tag = name_tag_get (lang);										-- attempt to get name/tag pair for &lt;lang&gt;

		if utilities.is_set (tag) then
			lang_subtag = tag:lower():gsub ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*', '%1');			-- for categorization, strip any IETF-like tags from language tag

			if cfg.this_wiki_code ~= lang_subtag then							-- when the language is not the same as this wiki's language
				if 2 == lang_subtag:len() then									-- and is a two-character tag
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source', {name, lang_subtag}, lang_subtag);		-- categorize it; tag appended to allow for multiple language categorization
				else															-- or is a recognized language (but has a three-character tag)
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source-2', {lang_subtag}, lang_subtag);			-- categorize it differently TODO: support multiple three-character tag categories per cs1|2 template?
				end
			elseif cfg.local_lang_cat_enable then								-- when the language and this wiki's language are the same and categorization is enabled
				utilities.add_prop_cat ('local-lang-source', {name, lang_subtag});		-- categorize it
			end
		else
			name = lang;														-- return whatever &lt;lang&gt; has so that we show something
			utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang');						-- add maint category if not already added
		end
		
		table.insert (language_list, name);
		name = '';																-- so we can reuse it
	end
 
	name = utilities.make_sep_list (#language_list, language_list);
	if (1 == #language_list) and (lang_subtag == cfg.this_wiki_code) then		-- when only one language, find lang name in this wiki lang name; for |language=en-us, 'English' in 'American English'
		return '';																-- if one language and that language is this wiki's return an empty string (no annotation)
	end
	return (&quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('language', name));								-- otherwise wrap with '(in ...)'
	--[[ TODO: should only return blank or name rather than full list
	so we can clean up the bunched parenthetical elements Language, Type, Format
	]]
end


--[[-----------------------&lt; S E T _ C S _ S T Y L E &gt;--------------------------

Gets the default CS style configuration for the given mode.
Returns default separator and either postscript as passed in or the default.
In CS1, the default postscript and separator are '.'.
In CS2, the default postscript is the empty string and the default separator is ','.

]]

local function set_cs_style (postscript, mode)
	if utilities.is_set(postscript) then
		-- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs1 postscript
		-- we catch the opposite case for cs2 in set_style
		if mode == 'cs1' and postscript == cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode] then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript');
		end
	else
		postscript = cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode];
	end
	return cfg.presentation['sep_' .. mode], postscript;
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S T Y L E &gt;-----------------------------

Sets the separator and postscript styles. Checks the |mode= first and the
#invoke CitationClass second. Removes the postscript if postscript == none.

]]

local function set_style (mode, postscript, cite_class)
	local sep;
	if 'cs2' == mode then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2');
	elseif 'cs1' == mode then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1');
	elseif 'citation' == cite_class	then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2');
	else
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1');
	end

	if cfg.keywords_xlate[postscript:lower()] == 'none' then
		-- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs2 postscript
		-- we catch the opposite case for cs1 in set_cs_style
		if 'cs2' == mode or 'citation' == cite_class then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript');
		end
		postscript = '';
	end
	
	return sep, postscript
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ P D F &gt;-----------------------------------

Determines if a URL has the file extension that is one of the PDF file extensions
used by [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] when applying the PDF icon to external links.

returns true if file extension is one of the recognized extensions, else false

]=]

local function is_pdf (url)
	return url:match ('%.pdf$') or url:match ('%.PDF$') or
		url:match ('%.pdf[%?#]') or url:match ('%.PDF[%?#]') or
		url:match ('%.PDF&amp;#035') or url:match ('%.pdf&amp;#035');
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S T Y L E _ F O R M A T &gt;-----------------------

Applies CSS style to |format=, |chapter-format=, etc.  Also emits an error message
if the format parameter does not have a matching URL parameter.  If the format parameter
is not set and the URL contains a file extension that is recognized as a PDF document
by MediaWiki's commons.css, this code will set the format parameter to (PDF) with
the appropriate styling.

]]

local function style_format (format, url, fmt_param, url_param)
	if utilities.is_set (format) then
		format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', format);						-- add leading space, parentheses, resize
		if not utilities.is_set (url) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_format_missing_url', {fmt_param, url_param});	-- add an error message
		end
	elseif is_pdf (url) then													-- format is not set so if URL is a PDF file then
		format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', 'PDF');						-- set format to PDF
	else
		format = '';															-- empty string for concatenation
	end
	return format;
end


--[[---------------------&lt; G E T _ D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S &gt;------------------

Returns a number that defines the number of names displayed for author and editor
name lists and a Boolean flag to indicate when et al. should be appended to the name list.

When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is a number greater than or equal to zero,
return the number and the previous state of the 'etal' flag (false by default
but may have been set to true if the name list contains some variant of the text 'et al.').

When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is the keyword 'etal', return a number
that is one greater than the number of authors in the list and set the 'etal' flag true.
This will cause the list_people() to display all of the names in the name list followed by 'et al.'

In all other cases, returns nil and the previous state of the 'etal' flag.

inputs:
	max: A['DisplayAuthors'] or A['DisplayEditors']; a number or some flavor of etal
	count: #a or #e
	list_name: 'authors' or 'editors'
	etal: author_etal or editor_etal

]]

local function get_display_names (max, count, list_name, etal, param)
	if utilities.is_set (max) then
		if 'etal' == max:lower():gsub(&quot;[ '%.]&quot;, '') then						-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings
			max = count + 1;													-- number of authors + 1 so display all author name plus et al.
			etal = true;														-- overrides value set by extract_names()
		elseif max:match ('^%d+$') then											-- if is a string of numbers
			max = tonumber (max);												-- make it a number
			if max &gt;= count then												-- if |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of authors/editors
				utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max});			-- add error message
				max = nil;
			end
		else																	-- not a valid keyword or number
			utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max});		-- add error message
			max = nil;															-- unset; as if |display-xxxxors= had not been set
		end
	end
	
	return max, etal;
end


--[[----------&lt; E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ P A G E _ C H E C K &gt;---------------

Adds error if |page=, |pages=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages= has what appears to be
some form of p. or pp. abbreviation in the first characters of the parameter content.

check page for extraneous p, p., pp, pp., pg, pg. at start of parameter value:
	good pattern: '^P[^%.P%l]' matches when page begins PX or P# but not Px
		      where x and X are letters and # is a digit
	bad pattern:  '^[Pp][PpGg]' matches when page begins pp, pP, Pp, PP, pg, pG, Pg, PG

]]

local function extra_text_in_page_check (val, name)
	if not val:match (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.good_ppattern) then
		for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.bad_ppatterns) do		-- spin through the selected sequence table of patterns
			if val:match (pattern) then											-- when a match, error so
				utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_pages', name);	 		-- add error message
				return;															-- and done
			end
		end
	end		
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ V O L _ I S S _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------

Adds error if |volume= or |issue= has what appears to be some form of redundant 'type' indicator.

For |volume=:
	'V.', or 'Vol.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations or 'Volume' in the first characters of the parameter
	content (all case insensitive). 'V' and 'v' (without the dot) are presumed to be roman numerals so
	are allowed.

For |issue=:
	'No.', 'I.', 'Iss.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations, or 'Issue' in the first characters of the
	parameter content (all case insensitive).
	
Single character values ('v', 'i', 'n') allowed when not followed by separator character ('.', ':', '=', or
whitespace character) – param values are trimmed of whitespace by MediaWiki before delivered to the module.
	
&lt;val&gt; is |volume= or |issue= parameter value
&lt;name&gt; is |volume= or |issue= parameter name for error message
&lt;selector&gt; is 'v' for |volume=, 'i' for |issue=

sets error message on failure; returns nothing

]]

local function extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (val, name, selector)
	if not utilities.is_set (val) then
		return;
	end
	
	local patterns = 'v' == selector and cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.vpatterns or cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.ipatterns;

	local handler = 'v' == selector and 'err_extra_text_volume' or 'err_extra_text_issue';
	val = val:lower();															-- force parameter value to lower case
	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do										-- spin through the selected sequence table of patterns
		if val:match (pattern) then												-- when a match, error so
			utilities.set_message (handler, name);								-- add error message
			return;																-- and done
		end
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; G E T _ V _ N A M E _ T A B L E &gt;----------------------------------------------

split apart a |vauthors= or |veditors= parameter.  This function allows for corporate names, wrapped in doubled
parentheses to also have commas; in the old version of the code, the doubled parentheses were included in the
rendered citation and in the metadata.  Individual author names may be wikilinked

	|vauthors=Jones AB, [[E. B. White|White EB]], ((Black, Brown, and Co.))

]=]

local function get_v_name_table (vparam, output_table, output_link_table)
	local name_table = mw.text.split(vparam, &quot;%s*,%s*&quot;);						-- names are separated by commas
	local wl_type, label, link;													-- wl_type not used here; just a placeholder
	
	local i = 1;
	
	while name_table[i] do
		if name_table[i]:match ('^%(%(.*[^%)][^%)]$') then						-- first segment of corporate with one or more commas; this segment has the opening doubled parentheses
			local name = name_table[i];
			i = i + 1;															-- bump indexer to next segment
			while name_table[i] do
				name = name .. ', ' .. name_table[i];							-- concatenate with previous segments
				if name_table[i]:match ('^.*%)%)$') then						-- if this table member has the closing doubled parentheses
					break;														-- and done reassembling so
				end
				i = i + 1;														-- bump indexer
			end
			table.insert (output_table, name);									-- and add corporate name to the output table
			table.insert (output_link_table, '');								-- no wikilink
		else
			wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (name_table[i]);		-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]]
			table.insert (output_table, label);									-- add this name
			if 1 == wl_type then
				table.insert (output_link_table, label);						-- simple wikilink [[D]]
			else
				table.insert (output_link_table, link);							-- no wikilink or [[L|D]]; add this link if there is one, else empty string
			end
		end
		i = i + 1;
	end	
	return output_table;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A R S E _ V A U T H O R S _ V E D I T O R S &gt;--------------------------------

This function extracts author / editor names from |vauthors= or |veditors= and finds matching |xxxxor-maskn= and
|xxxxor-linkn= in args.  It then returns a table of assembled names just as extract_names() does.

Author / editor names in |vauthors= or |veditors= must be in Vancouver system style. Corporate or institutional names
may sometimes be required and because such names will often fail the is_good_vanc_name() and other format compliance
tests, are wrapped in doubled parentheses ((corporate name)) to suppress the format tests.

Supports generational suffixes Jr, 2nd, 3rd, 4th–6th.

This function sets the Vancouver error when a required comma is missing and when there is a space between an author's initials.

]]

local function parse_vauthors_veditors (args, vparam, list_name)
	local names = {};															-- table of names assembled from |vauthors=, |author-maskn=, |author-linkn=
	local v_name_table = {};
	local v_link_table = {};													-- when name is wikilinked, targets go in this table
	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. vauthors parameter
	local last, first, link, mask, suffix;
	local corporate = false;

	vparam, etal = name_has_etal (vparam, etal, true);							-- find and remove variations on et al. do not categorize (do it here because et al. might have a period)
	v_name_table = get_v_name_table (vparam, v_name_table, v_link_table);		-- names are separated by commas

	for i, v_name in ipairs(v_name_table) do
		first = '';																-- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor
		local accept_name;
		v_name, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (v_name);			-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;v_name&gt;

		if accept_name then
			last = v_name;
			corporate = true;													-- flag used in list_people()
		elseif string.find(v_name, &quot;%s&quot;) then
			if v_name:find('[;%.]') then										-- look for commonly occurring punctuation characters; 
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.punctuation, i);
			end
			local lastfirstTable = {}
			lastfirstTable = mw.text.split(v_name, &quot;%s+&quot;)
			first = table.remove(lastfirstTable);								-- removes and returns value of last element in table which should be initials or generational suffix

			if not mw.ustring.match (first, '^%u+$') then						-- mw.ustring here so that later we will catch non-Latin characters
				suffix = first;													-- not initials so assume that whatever we got is a generational suffix
				first = table.remove(lastfirstTable);							-- get what should be the initials from the table
			end
			last = table.concat(lastfirstTable, ' ')							-- returns a string that is the concatenation of all other names that are not initials and generational suffix
			if not utilities.is_set (last) then
				first = '';														-- unset
				last = v_name;													-- last empty because something wrong with first
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.name, i);
			end
			if mw.ustring.match (last, '%a+%s+%u+%s+%a+') then
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['missing comma'], i);			-- matches last II last; the case when a comma is missing
			end
			if mw.ustring.match (v_name, ' %u %u$') then						-- this test is in the wrong place TODO: move or replace with a more appropriate test
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i);					-- matches a space between two initials
			end
		else
			last = v_name;														-- last name or single corporate name?  Doesn't support multiword corporate names? do we need this?
		end
		
		if utilities.is_set (first) then
			if not mw.ustring.match (first, &quot;^%u?%u$&quot;) then						-- first shall contain one or two upper-case letters, nothing else
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i);					-- too many initials; mixed case initials (which may be ok Romanization); hyphenated initials
			end
			is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, i);							-- check first and last before restoring the suffix which may have a non-Latin digit
			if utilities.is_set (suffix) then
				first = first .. ' ' .. suffix;									-- if there was a suffix concatenate with the initials
				suffix = '';													-- unset so we don't add this suffix to all subsequent names
			end
		else
			if not corporate then
				is_good_vanc_name (last, '', nil, i);
			end
		end

		link = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ) or v_link_table[i];
		mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		names[i] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = corporate};		-- add this assembled name to our names list
	end
	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E L E C T _ A U T H O R _ E D I T O R _ S O U R C E &gt;------------------------

Select one of |authors=, |authorn= / |lastn / firstn=, or |vauthors= as the source of the author name list or
select one of |editorn= / editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= or |veditors= as the source of the editor name list.

Only one of these appropriate three will be used.  The hierarchy is: |authorn= (and aliases) highest and |authors= lowest;
|editorn= (and aliases) highest and |veditors= lowest (support for |editors= withdrawn)

When looking for |authorn= / |editorn= parameters, test |xxxxor1= and |xxxxor2= (and all of their aliases); stops after the second
test which mimicks the test used in extract_names() when looking for a hole in the author name list.  There may be a better
way to do this, I just haven't discovered what that way is.

Emits an error message when more than one xxxxor name source is provided.

In this function, vxxxxors = vauthors or veditors; xxxxors = authors as appropriate.

]]

local function select_author_editor_source (vxxxxors, xxxxors, args, list_name)
	local lastfirst = false;
	if utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- do this twice in case we have a |first1= without a |last1=; this ...
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- ... also catches the case where |first= is used with |vauthors=
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 2 ) or
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 2 ) then
			lastfirst = true;
	end

	if (utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and true == lastfirst) or					-- these are the three error conditions
		(utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) or
		(true == lastfirst and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) then
			local err_name;
			if 'AuthorList' == list_name then									-- figure out which name should be used in error message
				err_name = 'author';
			else
				err_name = 'editor';
			end
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', err_name .. '-name-list parameters');	-- add error message
	end

	if true == lastfirst then return 1 end;										-- return a number indicating which author name source to use
	if utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) then return 2 end;
	if utilities.is_set (xxxxors) then return 3 end;
	return 1;																	-- no authors so return 1; this allows missing author name test to run in case there is a first without last 
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ P A R A M E T E R _ V A L U E &gt;------------------------------

This function is used to validate a parameter's assigned value for those parameters that have only a limited number
of allowable values (yes, y, true, live, dead, etc.).  When the parameter value has not been assigned a value (missing
or empty in the source template) the function returns the value specified by ret_val.  If the parameter value is one
of the list of allowed values returns the translated value; else, emits an error message and returns the value
specified by ret_val.

TODO: explain &lt;invert&gt;

]]

local function is_valid_parameter_value (value, name, possible, ret_val, invert)
	if not utilities.is_set (value) then
		return ret_val;															-- an empty parameter is ok
	end

	if (not invert and utilities.in_array (value, possible)) then				-- normal; &lt;value&gt; is in &lt;possible&gt; table
		return cfg.keywords_xlate[value];										-- return translation of parameter keyword
	elseif invert and not utilities.in_array (value, possible) then				-- invert; &lt;value&gt; is not in &lt;possible&gt; table
		return value;															-- return &lt;value&gt; as it is
	else
		utilities.set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {name, value});			-- not an allowed value so add error message
		return ret_val;
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; T E R M I N A T E _ N A M E _ L I S T &gt;----------------------------------------

This function terminates a name list (author, contributor, editor) with a separator character (sepc) and a space
when the last character is not a sepc character or when the last three characters are not sepc followed by two
closing square brackets (close of a wikilink).  When either of these is true, the name_list is terminated with a
single space character.

]]

local function terminate_name_list (name_list, sepc)
	if (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. '. ') then					-- if already properly terminated
		return name_list;														-- just return the name list
	elseif (string.sub (name_list, -1, -1) == sepc) or (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. ']]') then	-- if last name in list ends with sepc char
		return name_list .. &quot; &quot;;												-- don't add another
	else
		return name_list .. sepc .. ' ';										-- otherwise terminate the name list
	end
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ V O L U M E _ I S S U E &gt;----------------------------------------

returns the concatenation of the formatted volume and issue parameters as a single string; or formatted volume
or formatted issue, or an empty string if neither are set.

]]
	
local function format_volume_issue (volume, issue, cite_class, origin, sepc, lower)
	if not utilities.is_set (volume) and not utilities.is_set (issue) then
		return '';
	end

	-- same condition as in format_pages_sheets()
	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin);

	local is_numeric_vol = volume and (volume:match ('^[MDCLXVI]+$') or volume:match ('^%d+$'));	-- is only uppercase roman numerals or only digits?
	local is_long_vol = volume and (4 &lt; mw.ustring.len(volume));				-- is |volume= value longer than 4 characters?
	
	if volume and (not is_numeric_vol and is_long_vol) then						-- when not all digits or Roman numerals, is |volume= longer than 4 characters?
		utilities.add_prop_cat ('long-vol');									-- yes, add properties cat
	end

	if is_journal then															-- journal-style formatting
		local vol = '';
		
		if utilities.is_set (volume) then
			if is_numeric_vol then												-- |volume= value all digits or all uppercase Roman numerals?
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, volume});	-- render in bold face
			elseif is_long_vol then												-- not all digits or Roman numerals; longer than 4 characters?
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-vol'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)});	-- not bold
			else																-- four or fewer characters
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)});	-- bold
			end
		end
		if utilities.is_set (issue) then
			return vol .. utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-issue'], issue);
		end
		return vol;
	end
	
	if 'podcast' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (issue) then
		return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower);
	end

	-- all other types of citation
	if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (issue) then
		return wrap_msg ('vol-no', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), issue}, lower);
	elseif utilities.is_set (volume) then
		return wrap_msg ('vol', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}, lower);
	else
		return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower);
	end
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ P A G E S _ S H E E T S &gt;-----------------------------------------

adds static text to one of |page(s)= or |sheet(s)= values and returns it with all of the others set to empty strings.
The return order is:
	page, pages, sheet, sheets

Singular has priority over plural when both are provided.

]]

local function format_pages_sheets (page, pages, sheet, sheets, cite_class, origin, sepc, nopp, lower)
	if 'map' == cite_class then													-- only cite map supports sheet(s) as in-source locators
		if utilities.is_set (sheet) then
			if 'journal' == origin then
				return '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheet', sheet, lower), '';
			else
				return '', '', wrap_msg ('sheet', {sepc, sheet}, lower), '';
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (sheets) then
			if 'journal' == origin then
				return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheets', sheets, lower);
			else
				return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('sheets', {sepc, sheets}, lower);
			end
		end
	end

	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin);
	
	if utilities.is_set (page) then
		if is_journal then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], page), '', '', '';
		elseif not nopp then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, page}), '', '', '';
		else
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, page}), '', '', '';
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then
		if is_journal then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], pages), '', '', '';
		elseif tonumber(pages) ~= nil and not nopp then							-- if pages is only digits, assume a single page number
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		elseif not nopp then
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		else
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		end
	end
	
	return '', '', '', '';														-- return empty strings
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N S O U R C E _ L O C _ G E T &gt;----------------------------------------------

returns one of the in-source locators: page, pages, or at. 

If any of these are interwiki links to Wikisource, returns the label portion of the interwiki-link as plain text
for use in COinS.  This COinS thing is done because here we convert an interwiki-link to an external link and
add an icon span around that; get_coins_pages() doesn't know about the span.  TODO: should it?  

TODO: add support for sheet and sheets?; streamline;

TODO: make it so that this function returns only one of the three as the single in-source (the return value assigned
to a new name)?

]]

local function insource_loc_get (page, page_orig, pages, pages_orig, at)
	local ws_url, ws_label, coins_pages, L;										-- for Wikisource interwiki-links; TODO: this corrupts page metadata (span remains in place after cleanup; fix there?)

	if utilities.is_set (page) then
		if utilities.is_set (pages) or utilities.is_set (at) then
			pages = '';															-- unset the others
			at = '';
		end
		extra_text_in_page_check (page, page_orig);								-- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.

		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (page);						-- make ws URL from |page= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			page = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in page');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			page = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, page});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then
		if utilities.is_set (at) then
			at = '';															-- unset
		end
		extra_text_in_page_check (pages, pages_orig);							-- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.

		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (pages);						-- make ws URL from |pages= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			pages = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in pages');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			pages = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, pages});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (at) then
		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (at);							-- make ws URL from |at= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			at = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in at');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			at = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, at});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	end
	
	return page, pages, at, coins_pages;
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ U N I Q U E _ A R C H I V E _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------

add error message when |archive-url= value is same as |url= or chapter-url= (or alias...) value

]]

local function is_unique_archive_url (archive, url, c_url, source, date)
	if utilities.is_set (archive) then
		if archive == url or archive == c_url then
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});	-- add error message
			return '', '';														-- unset |archive-url= and |archive-date= because same as |url= or |chapter-url=
		end
	end

	return archive, date;
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; A R C H I V E _ U R L _ C H E C K &gt;--------------------------------------------

Check archive.org URLs to make sure they at least look like they are pointing at valid archives and not to the 
save snapshot URL or to calendar pages.  When the archive URL is 'https://web.archive.org/save/' (or http://...)
archive.org saves a snapshot of the target page in the URL.  That is something that Wikipedia should not allow
unwitting readers to do.

When the archive.org URL does not have a complete timestamp, archive.org chooses a snapshot according to its own
algorithm or provides a calendar 'search' result.  [[WP:ELNO]] discourages links to search results.

This function looks at the value assigned to |archive-url= and returns empty strings for |archive-url= and
|archive-date= and an error message when:
	|archive-url= holds an archive.org save command URL
	|archive-url= is an archive.org URL that does not have a complete timestamp (YYYYMMDDhhmmss 14 digits) in the
		correct place
otherwise returns |archive-url= and |archive-date=

There are two mostly compatible archive.org URLs:
	//web.archive.org/&lt;timestamp&gt;...		-- the old form
	//web.archive.org/web/&lt;timestamp&gt;...	-- the new form

The old form does not support or map to the new form when it contains a display flag.  There are four identified flags
('id_', 'js_', 'cs_', 'im_') but since archive.org ignores others following the same form (two letters and an underscore)
we don't check for these specific flags but we do check the form.

This function supports a preview mode.  When the article is rendered in preview mode, this function may return a modified
archive URL:
	for save command errors, return undated wildcard (/*/)
	for timestamp errors when the timestamp has a wildcard, return the URL unmodified
	for timestamp errors when the timestamp does not have a wildcard, return with timestamp limited to six digits plus wildcard (/yyyymm*/)

]=]

local function archive_url_check (url, date)
	local err_msg = '';															-- start with the error message empty
	local path, timestamp, flag;												-- portions of the archive.org URL
	
	if (not url:match('//web%.archive%.org/')) and (not url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/')) then		-- also deprecated liveweb Wayback machine URL
		return url, date;														-- not an archive.org archive, return ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end

	if url:match('//web%.archive%.org/save/') then								-- if a save command URL, we don't want to allow saving of the target page 
		err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.save;
		url = url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org)/save/', '%1/*/', 1);				-- for preview mode: modify ArchiveURL
	elseif url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/') then
		err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.liveweb;
	else
		path, timestamp, flag = url:match('//web%.archive%.org/([^%d]*)(%d+)([^/]*)/');	-- split out some of the URL parts for evaluation
		if not path then														-- malformed in some way; pattern did not match
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp;
		elseif 14 ~= timestamp:len() then										-- path and flag optional, must have 14-digit timestamp here
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp;
			if '*' ~= flag then
				local replacement = timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d%d%d') or timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d');	-- get the first 6 (YYYYMM) or first 4 digits (YYYY)
				if replacement then												-- nil if there aren't at least 4 digits (year)
					replacement = replacement .. string.rep ('0', 14 - replacement:len());	-- year or yearmo (4 or 6 digits) zero-fill to make 14-digit timestamp
					url=url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org/[^%d]*)%d[^/]*', '%1' .. replacement .. '*', 1)	-- for preview, modify ts to 14 digits plus splat for calendar display
				end
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (path) and 'web/' ~= path then					-- older archive URLs do not have the extra 'web/' path element
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.path;
		elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not utilities.is_set (path) then		-- flag not allowed with the old form URL (without the 'web/' path element)
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag;
		elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not flag:match ('%a%a_') then		-- flag if present must be two alpha characters and underscore (requires 'web/' path element)
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag;
		else
			return url, date;													-- return ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate
		end
	end
																				-- if here, something not right so
	utilities.set_message ('err_archive_url', {err_msg});						-- add error message and

	if is_preview_mode then
		return url, date;														-- preview mode so return ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate
	else
		return '', '';															-- return empty strings for ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P L A C E _ C H E C K &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

check |place=, |publication-place=, |location= to see if these params include digits.  This function added because
many editors misuse location to specify the in-source location (|page(s)= and |at= are supposed to do that)

returns the original parameter value without modification; added maint cat when parameter value contains digits

]]

local function place_check (param_val)
	if not utilities.is_set (param_val) then									-- parameter empty or omitted
		return param_val;														-- return that empty state
	end
	
	if mw.ustring.find (param_val, '%d') then									-- not empty, are there digits in the parameter value
		utilities.set_message ('maint_location');								-- yep, add maint cat
	end
	
	return param_val;															-- and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ A R C H I V E D _ C O P Y &gt;----------------------------------------------

compares |title= to 'Archived copy' (placeholder added by bots that can't find proper title); if matches, return true; nil else

]]

local function is_archived_copy (title)
	title = mw.ustring.lower(title);											-- switch title to lower case
	if title:find (cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy.en) then			-- if title is 'Archived copy'
		return true;
	elseif cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local'] then
		if mw.ustring.find (title, cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local']) then	-- mw.ustring() because might not be Latin script
			return true;
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N 0 &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting.

]]

local function citation0( config, args )
	--[[ 
	Load Input Parameters
	The argument_wrapper facilitates the mapping of multiple aliases to single internal variable.
	]]
	local A = argument_wrapper ( args );
	local i 

	-- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates
	-- define different field names for the same underlying things.	

	local author_etal;
	local a	= {};																-- authors list from |lastn= / |firstn= pairs or |vauthors=
	local Authors;
	local NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NameListStyle'], A:ORIGIN('NameListStyle'), cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], '');
	local Collaboration = A['Collaboration'];

	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Vauthors'], A['Authors'], args, 'AuthorList');
		if 1 == selected then
			a, author_etal = extract_names (args, 'AuthorList');				-- fetch author list from |authorn= / |lastn= / |firstn=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
		elseif 2 == selected then
			NameListStyle = 'vanc';												-- override whatever |name-list-style= might be
			a, author_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.vauthors, 'AuthorList');	-- fetch author list from |vauthors=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
		elseif 3 == selected then
			Authors = A['Authors'];												-- use content of |authors=
			if 'authors' == A:ORIGIN('Authors') then							-- but add a maint cat if the parameter is |authors=
				utilities.set_message ('maint_authors');						-- because use of this parameter is discouraged; what to do about the aliases is a TODO:
			end
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then
			author_etal = true;													-- so that |display-authors=etal not required
		end
	end

	local editor_etal;
	local e	= {};																-- editors list from |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= pairs or |veditors=

	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Veditors'], nil, args, 'EditorList');	-- support for |editors= withdrawn
		if 1 == selected then
			e, editor_etal = extract_names (args, 'EditorList');				-- fetch editor list from |editorn= / |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
		elseif 2 == selected then
			NameListStyle = 'vanc';												-- override whatever |name-list-style= might be
			e, editor_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.veditors, 'EditorList');	-- fetch editor list from |veditors=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
		end
	end
							
	local Chapter = A['Chapter'];												-- done here so that we have access to |contribution= from |chapter= aliases
	local Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter');
	local Contribution;															-- because contribution is required for contributor(s)
		if 'contribution' == Chapter_origin then
			Contribution = Chapter;												-- get the name of the contribution
		end
	local c = {};																-- contributors list from |contributor-lastn= / contributor-firstn= pairs
	
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;book&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and not utilities.is_set (A['Periodical']) then	-- |contributor= and |contribution= only supported in book cites
		c = extract_names (args, 'ContributorList');							-- fetch contributor list from |contributorn= / |contributor-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=
		
		if 0 &lt; #c then
			if not utilities.is_set (Contribution) then							-- |contributor= requires |contribution=
				utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'contribution');	-- add missing contribution error message
				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later
			end
			if 0 == #a then														-- |contributor= requires |author=
				utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'author');	-- add missing author error message
				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later
			end
		end
	else																		-- if not a book cite
		if utilities.select_one (args, cfg.aliases['ContributorList-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', 1 ) then	-- are there contributor name list parameters?
			utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_ignored');					-- add contributor ignored error message
		end
		Contribution = nil;														-- unset
	end

	local Title = A['Title'];
	local TitleLink = A['TitleLink'];

	local auto_select = ''; -- default is auto
	local accept_link;
	TitleLink, accept_link = utilities.has_accept_as_written (TitleLink, true);	-- test for accept-this-as-written markup
	if (not accept_link) and utilities.in_array (TitleLink, {'none', 'pmc', 'doi'}) then -- check for special keywords
		auto_select = TitleLink;												-- remember selection for later
		TitleLink = '';															-- treat as if |title-link= would have been empty
	end

	TitleLink = link_title_ok (TitleLink, A:ORIGIN ('TitleLink'), Title, 'title');	-- check for wiki-markup in |title-link= or wiki-markup in |title= when |title-link= is set

	local Section = '';															-- {{cite map}} only; preset to empty string for concatenation if not used
	if 'map' == config.CitationClass and 'section' == Chapter_origin then
		Section = A['Chapter'];													-- get |section= from |chapter= alias list; |chapter= and the other aliases not supported in {{cite map}}
		Chapter = '';															-- unset for now; will be reset later from |map= if present
	end

	local Periodical = A['Periodical'];
	local Periodical_origin = '';
	if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
		Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('Periodical');								-- get the name of the periodical parameter
		local i;
		Periodical, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical);			-- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated 
		if i then																-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message
			utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {Periodical_origin});
		end
	end

	if 'mailinglist' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for {{cite mailing list}}
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (A ['MailingList']) then	-- both set emit an error TODO: make a function for this and similar?
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Periodical_origin) .. ' and ' .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'mailinglist')});
		end

		Periodical = A ['MailingList'];											-- error or no, set Periodical to |mailinglist= value because this template is {{cite mailing list}}
		Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('MailingList');
	end

	local ScriptPeriodical = A['ScriptPeriodical'];

	-- web and news not tested for now because of 
	-- Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Is_there_a_semi-automated_tool_that_could_fix_these_annoying_&quot;Cite_Web&quot;_errors?
	if not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) then	-- 'periodical' templates require periodical parameter
	--	local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine', ['news'] = 'newspaper', ['web'] = 'website'};	-- for error message
		local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine'};			-- for error message
		if p[config.CitationClass]  then
			utilities.set_message ('err_missing_periodical', {config.CitationClass, p[config.CitationClass]});
		end
	end
	
	local Volume;
	local ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptPeriodical');
	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
			if not utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, {'website', 'mailinglist'}) then	-- {{citation}} does not render volume for these 'periodicals' --TODO: move 'array' to ~/Configuration
				Volume = A['Volume'];											-- but does for all other 'periodicals'
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then
			if 'script-website' ~= ScriptPeriodical_origin then					-- {{citation}} does not render volume for |script-website=
				Volume = A['Volume'];											-- but does for all other 'periodicals'
			end
		else
			Volume = A['Volume'];												-- and does for non-'periodical' cites
		end
	elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_volume) then	-- render |volume= for cs1 according to the configuration settings
		Volume = A['Volume'];
	end	
	extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Volume, A:ORIGIN ('Volume'), 'v');	

	local Issue;
	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, {'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'work'}) or	-- {{citation}} renders issue for these 'periodicals'--TODO: move 'array' to ~/Configuration
			utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) and utilities.in_array (ScriptPeriodical_origin, {'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper', 'script-periodical', 'script-work'}) then -- and these 'script-periodicals'
				Issue = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Issue']);
		end
	elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_issue) then	-- conference &amp; map books do not support issue; {{citation}} listed here because included in settings table
		if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'conference', 'map', 'citation'}) and not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical))) then
			Issue = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Issue']);
		end
	end
	extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Issue, A:ORIGIN ('Issue'), 'i');	

	local Page;
	local Pages;
	local At;
	if not utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_not_using_page) then
		Page = A['Page'];
		Pages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Pages']);	
		At = A['At'];
	end

	local Edition = A['Edition'];
	local PublicationPlace = place_check (A['PublicationPlace'], A:ORIGIN('PublicationPlace'));
	local Place = place_check (A['Place'], A:ORIGIN('Place'));
	
	local PublisherName = A['PublisherName'];
	local PublisherName_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublisherName');
	if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
		local i = 0;
		PublisherName, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (PublisherName);	-- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated; publisher is never italicized
		if i then																-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message
			utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {PublisherName_origin});
		end
	end

	local Newsgroup = A['Newsgroup'];											-- TODO: strip apostrophe markup?
	local Newsgroup_origin = A:ORIGIN('Newsgroup');	

	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then								-- general use parameter |publisher= not allowed in cite newsgroup
			utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {PublisherName_origin});
		end

		PublisherName = nil;													-- ensure that this parameter is unset for the time being; will be used again after COinS
	end

	local URL = A['URL'];														-- TODO: better way to do this for URL, ChapterURL, and MapURL?
	local UrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('UrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	
	if not utilities.is_set (URL) and utilities.is_set (UrlAccess) then
		UrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', 'url');
	end
	
	local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL'];
	local ChapterUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['ChapterUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (ChapterUrlAccess) then
		ChapterUrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'):gsub ('%-access', '')});
	end

	local MapUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['MapUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('MapUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	if not utilities.is_set (A['MapURL']) and utilities.is_set (MapUrlAccess) then
		MapUrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {'map-url'});
	end

	local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();								-- also used for COinS and for language
	local no_tracking_cats = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoTracking'], A:ORIGIN('NoTracking'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil);

	-- check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories
	if not utilities.is_set (no_tracking_cats) then								-- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page
		if utilities.in_array (this_page.nsText, cfg.uncategorized_namespaces) then
			no_tracking_cats = &quot;true&quot;;											-- set no_tracking_cats
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (cfg.uncategorized_subpages) do						-- cycle through page name patterns
			if this_page.text:match (v) then									-- test page name against each pattern
				no_tracking_cats = &quot;true&quot;;										-- set no_tracking_cats
				break;															-- bail out if one is found
			end
		end
	end
																				-- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. (also sheet and sheets while we're at it)
	utilities.select_one (args, {'page', 'p', 'pp', 'pages', 'at', 'sheet', 'sheets'}, 'err_redundant_parameters');	-- this is a dummy call simply to get the error message and category

	local coins_pages;
	
	Page, Pages, At, coins_pages = insource_loc_get (Page, A:ORIGIN('Page'), Pages, A:ORIGIN('Pages'), At);

	local NoPP = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoPP'], A:ORIGIN('NoPP'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil);

	if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then	-- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different
		utilities.add_prop_cat ('location-test');								-- add property cat to evaluate how often PublicationPlace and Place are used together
		if PublicationPlace == Place then
			Place = '';															-- unset; don't need both if they are the same
		end
	elseif not utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then	-- when only |place= (|location=) is set ...
		PublicationPlace = Place;												-- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place
	end

	if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; end							-- don't need both if they are the same
	
	local URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('URL');											-- get name of parameter that holds URL
	local ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL');							-- get name of parameter that holds ChapterURL
	local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter'];
	local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter');
	local Format = A['Format'];
	local ChapterFormat = A['ChapterFormat'];
	local TransChapter = A['TransChapter'];
	local TransChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter');
	local TransTitle = A['TransTitle'];
	local ScriptTitle = A['ScriptTitle'];
	
	--[[
	Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia:
	When the citation has these parameters:
		|encyclopedia= and |title= then map |title= to |article= and |encyclopedia= to |title=
		|encyclopedia= and |article= then map |encyclopedia= to |title=

		|trans-title= maps to |trans-chapter= when |title= is re-mapped
		|url= maps to |chapter-url= when |title= is remapped
	
	All other combinations of |encyclopedia=, |title=, and |article= are not modified
	
	]]

	local Encyclopedia = A['Encyclopedia'];										-- used as a flag by this module and by ~/COinS

	if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then										-- emit error message when Encyclopedia set but template is other than {{cite encyclopedia}} or {{citation}}
		if 'encyclopaedia' ~= config.CitationClass and 'citation' ~= config.CitationClass then
			utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia')});
			Encyclopedia = nil;													-- unset because not supported by this template
		end
	end

	if ('encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then	-- when both set emit an error TODO: make a function for this and similar?
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia')) .. ' and ' .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Periodical_origin)});
		end

		if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then
			Periodical = Encyclopedia;											-- error or no, set Periodical to Encyclopedia; allow periodical without encyclopedia
			Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia');
		end

		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then									-- Periodical is set when |encyclopedia= is set
			if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then
				if not utilities.is_set (Chapter) then
					Chapter = Title;											-- |encyclopedia= and |title= are set so map |title= to |article= and |encyclopedia= to |title=
					ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
					ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle')
					TransChapter = TransTitle;
					ChapterURL = URL;
					ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;

					ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;

					if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (TitleLink) then
						Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Chapter);
					end
					Title = Periodical;
					ChapterFormat = Format;
					Periodical = '';											-- redundant so unset
					TransTitle = '';
					URL = '';
					Format = '';
					TitleLink = '';
					ScriptTitle = '';
				end
			elseif utilities.is_set (Chapter) or utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then								-- |title= not set
				Title = Periodical;												-- |encyclopedia= set and |article= set so map |encyclopedia= to |title=
				Periodical = '';												-- redundant so unset
			end
		end
	end

	-- special case for cite techreport.
	local ID = A['ID'];
	if (config.CitationClass == &quot;techreport&quot;) then								-- special case for cite techreport
		if utilities.is_set (A['Number']) then									-- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations alias to 'issue'
			if not utilities.is_set (ID) then									-- can we use ID for the &quot;number&quot;?
				ID = A['Number'];												-- yes, use it
			else																-- ID has a value so emit error message
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'id') .. ' and ' .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'number')});
			end
		end	
	end

	-- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data.
	local ChapterLink -- = A['ChapterLink'];									-- deprecated as a parameter but still used internally by cite episode
	local Conference = A['Conference'];
	local BookTitle = A['BookTitle'];
	local TransTitle_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransTitle');
	if 'conference' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (BookTitle) then
			Chapter = Title;
			Chapter_origin = 'title';
	--		ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- |chapter-link= is deprecated
			ChapterURL = URL;
			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
			ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
			URL_origin = '';
			ChapterFormat = Format;
			TransChapter = TransTitle;
			TransChapter_origin = TransTitle_origin;
			Title = BookTitle;
			Format = '';
	--		TitleLink = '';
			TransTitle = '';
			URL = '';
		end
	elseif 'speech' ~= config.CitationClass then
		Conference = '';														-- not cite conference or cite speech so make sure this is empty string
	end
	
	-- CS1/2 mode
	local Mode = is_valid_parameter_value (A['Mode'], A:ORIGIN('Mode'), cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], '');
	-- separator character and postscript
	local sepc, PostScript = set_style (Mode:lower(), A['PostScript'], config.CitationClass);
	-- controls capitalization of certain static text
	local use_lowercase = ( sepc == ',' );
	
	-- cite map oddities
	local Cartography = &quot;&quot;;
	local Scale = &quot;&quot;;
	local Sheet = A['Sheet'] or '';
	local Sheets = A['Sheets'] or '';
	if config.CitationClass == &quot;map&quot; then
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then										--TODO: make a function for this and similar?
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'map') .. ' and ' .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Chapter_origin)});	-- add error message
		end
		Chapter = A['Map'];
		Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('Map');
		ChapterURL = A['MapURL'];
		ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('MapURL');
		TransChapter = A['TransMap'];
		ScriptChapter = A['ScriptMap']
		ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptMap')

		ChapterUrlAccess = MapUrlAccess;
		ChapterFormat = A['MapFormat'];

		Cartography = A['Cartography'];
		if utilities.is_set ( Cartography ) then
			Cartography = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase);
		end		
		Scale = A['Scale'];
		if utilities.is_set ( Scale ) then
			Scale = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Scale;
		end
	end

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite episode}} and {{cite serial}}, before generation of COinS data.
	local Series = A['Series'];
	if 'episode' == config.CitationClass or 'serial' == config.CitationClass then
		local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink'];

		SeriesLink = link_title_ok (SeriesLink, A:ORIGIN ('SeriesLink'), Series, 'series');	-- check for wiki-markup in |series-link= or wiki-markup in |series= when |series-link= is set

		local Network = A['Network'];
		local Station = A['Station'];
		local s, n = {}, {};
																				-- do common parameters first
		if utilities.is_set (Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end
		if utilities.is_set (Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end
		ID = table.concat(n, sepc .. ' ');
		
		if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- handle the oddities that are strictly {{cite episode}}
			local Season = A['Season'];
			local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber'];

			if utilities.is_set (Season) and utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then	-- these are mutually exclusive so if both are set TODO: make a function for this and similar?
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'season') .. ' and ' .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'seriesno')});		-- add error message
				SeriesNumber = '';												-- unset; prefer |season= over |seriesno=
			end
																				-- assemble a table of parts concatenated later into Series
			if utilities.is_set (Season) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('season', Season, use_lowercase)); end
			if utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('seriesnum', SeriesNumber, use_lowercase)); end
			if utilities.is_set (Issue) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('episode', Issue, use_lowercase)); end
			Issue = '';															-- unset because this is not a unique parameter
	
			Chapter = Title;													-- promote title parameters to chapter
			ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
			ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle');
			ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- alias |episode-link=
			TransChapter = TransTitle;
			ChapterURL = URL;
			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
			ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
			
			Title = Series;														-- promote series to title
			TitleLink = SeriesLink;
			Series = table.concat(s, sepc .. ' ');								-- this is concatenation of season, seriesno, episode number

			if utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then	-- link but not URL
				Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Chapter);
			elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then	-- if both are set, URL links episode;
				Series = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Series);
			end
			URL = '';															-- unset
			TransTitle = '';
			ScriptTitle = '';
			
		else																	-- now oddities that are cite serial
			Issue = '';															-- unset because this parameter no longer supported by the citation/core version of cite serial
			Chapter = A['Episode'];												-- TODO: make |episode= available to cite episode someday?
			if utilities.is_set (Series) and utilities.is_set (SeriesLink) then
				Series = utilities.make_wikilink (SeriesLink, Series);
			end
			Series = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Series);				-- series is italicized
		end	
	end
	-- end of {{cite episode}} stuff

	-- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values
	local TitleType = A['TitleType'];
	local Degree = A['Degree'];
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'AV-media-notes', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'podcast', 'pressrelease', 'report', 'speech', 'techreport', 'thesis'}) then
		TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType);
		if utilities.is_set (Degree) and &quot;Thesis&quot; == TitleType then				-- special case for cite thesis
			TitleType = Degree .. ' ' .. cfg.title_types ['thesis']:lower();
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (TitleType) then										-- if type parameter is specified
		TitleType = utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['type'], TitleType);	-- display it in parentheses
	-- TODO: Hack on TitleType to fix bunched parentheses problem
	end

	-- legacy: promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set.
	local Date = A['Date'];
 	local Date_origin;															-- to hold the name of parameter promoted to Date; required for date error messaging
	local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate'];
	local Year = A['Year'];

	if not utilities.is_set (Date) then
		Date = Year;															-- promote Year to Date
		Year = nil;																-- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF
		if not utilities.is_set (Date) and utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then	-- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set
			Date = PublicationDate;												-- promote PublicationDate to Date
			PublicationDate = '';												-- unset, no longer needed
			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublicationDate');							-- save the name of the promoted parameter
		else
			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Year');										-- save the name of the promoted parameter
		end
	else
		Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Date');											-- not a promotion; name required for error messaging
	end

	if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ''; end					-- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation

	--[[
	Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where
	we get the date used in the metadata.
	
	Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation
	]]

	local DF = is_valid_parameter_value (A['DF'], A:ORIGIN('DF'), cfg.keywords_lists['df'], '');
	if not utilities.is_set (DF) then
		DF = cfg.global_df;														-- local |df= if present overrides global df set by {{use xxx date}} template
	end

	local ArchiveURL;
	local ArchiveDate;
	local ArchiveFormat = A['ArchiveFormat'];

	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate = archive_url_check (A['ArchiveURL'], A['ArchiveDate'])
	ArchiveFormat = style_format (ArchiveFormat, ArchiveURL, 'archive-format', 'archive-url');
	
	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate = is_unique_archive_url (ArchiveURL, URL, ChapterURL, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), ArchiveDate);		-- add error message when URL or ChapterURL == ArchiveURL

	
	local AccessDate = A['AccessDate'];
	local LayDate = A['LayDate'];
	local COinS_date = {};														-- holds date info extracted from |date= for the COinS metadata by Module:Date verification
	local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken'];
	local Embargo = A['Embargo'];
	local anchor_year;															-- used in the CITEREF identifier
	do	-- create defined block to contain local variables error_message, date_parameters_list, mismatch
		local error_message = '';
																				-- AirDate has been promoted to Date so not necessary to check it
		local date_parameters_list = {
			['access-date'] = {val = AccessDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('AccessDate')},
			['archive-date'] = {val = ArchiveDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('ArchiveDate')},
			['date'] = {val = Date, name = Date_origin},
			['doi-broken-date'] = {val = DoiBroken, name = A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')},
			['pmc-embargo-date'] = {val = Embargo, name = A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')},
			['lay-date'] = {val = LayDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('LayDate')},
			['publication-date'] = {val = PublicationDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('PublicationDate')},
			['year'] = {val = Year, name = A:ORIGIN ('Year')},
			};

		local error_list = {};
		anchor_year, Embargo = validation.dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date, error_list);

-- start temporary Julian / Gregorian calendar uncertainty categorization
		if COinS_date.inter_cal_cat then
			utilities.add_prop_cat ('jul-greg-uncertainty');
		end
-- end temporary Julian / Gregorian calendar uncertainty categorization

		if utilities.is_set (Year) and utilities.is_set (Date) then				-- both |date= and |year= not normally needed; 
			validation.year_date_check (Year, A:ORIGIN ('Year'), Date, A:ORIGIN ('Date'), error_list);
		end
		
		if 0 == #error_list then												-- error free dates only; 0 when error_list is empty
			local modified = false;												-- flag
			
			if utilities.is_set (DF) then										-- if we need to reformat dates
				modified = validation.reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, DF);	-- reformat to DF format, use long month names if appropriate
			end

			if true == validation.date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) then	-- convert hyphens to dashes where appropriate
				modified = true;
				utilities.set_message ('maint_date_format');					-- hyphens were converted so add maint category
			end
			
	-- for those wikis that can and want to have English date names translated to the local language; not supported at en.wiki
			if cfg.date_name_auto_xlate_enable and validation.date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, cfg.date_digit_auto_xlate_enable ) then
				utilities.set_message ('maint_date_auto_xlated');				-- add maint cat
				modified = true;
			end

			if modified then													-- if the date_parameters_list values were modified
				AccessDate = date_parameters_list['access-date'].val;			-- overwrite date holding parameters with modified values
				ArchiveDate = date_parameters_list['archive-date'].val;
				Date = date_parameters_list['date'].val;
				DoiBroken = date_parameters_list['doi-broken-date'].val;
				LayDate = date_parameters_list['lay-date'].val;
				PublicationDate = date_parameters_list['publication-date'].val;
			end
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_date', {utilities.make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)});	-- add this error message
		end
	end	-- end of do

	local ID_list = {};															-- sequence table of rendered identifiers
	local ID_list_coins = {};													-- table of identifiers and their values from args; key is same as cfg.id_handlers's key
	local Class = A['Class'];													-- arxiv class identifier
	
	local ID_support = {
		{A['ASINTLD'], 'ASIN', 'err_asintld_missing_asin', A:ORIGIN ('ASINTLD')},				
		{DoiBroken, 'DOI', 'err_doibroken_missing_doi', A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')},
		{Embargo, 'PMC', 'err_embargo_missing_pmc', A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')},
		}

	ID_list, ID_list_coins = identifiers.identifier_lists_get (args, {DoiBroken = DoiBroken, ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD'], Embargo = Embargo, Class = Class}, ID_support);

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite ssrn}}, before generation of COinS data.
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list) then
		if not utilities.is_set (ID_list_coins[config.CitationClass:upper()]) then 	-- |arxiv= or |eprint= required for cite arxiv; |biorxiv= &amp; |citeseerx= required for their templates
			utilities.set_message ('err_' .. config.CitationClass .. '_missing');	-- add error message
		end

		Periodical = ({['arxiv'] = 'arXiv', ['biorxiv'] = 'bioRxiv', ['citeseerx'] = 'CiteSeerX', ['ssrn'] = 'Social Science Research Network'})[config.CitationClass];
	end

	-- Link the title of the work if no |url= was provided, but we have a |pmc= or a |doi= with |doi-access=free

	if config.CitationClass == &quot;journal&quot; and not utilities.is_set (URL) and not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) then -- TODO: remove 'none' once existing citations have been switched to 'off', so 'none' can be used as token for &quot;no title&quot; instead
		if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[auto_select] then						-- if auto-linking not disabled
 	 		if identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select] then						-- manual selection
		 		URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select];					-- set URL to be the same as identifier's external link
 				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers[auto_select:upper()].parameters[1];	-- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
			elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'] then						-- auto-select PMC
				URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'];						-- set URL to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed
				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1];				-- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
			elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'] then						-- auto-select DOI
				URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'];
				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['DOI'].parameters[1];
			end
 	 	end

		if utilities.is_set (URL) and utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then		-- access date requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url=
			utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url');				-- add an error message
			AccessDate = '';													-- unset
		end
	end

	-- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact.
	-- Test if citation has no title
	if	not utilities.is_set (Title) and not utilities.is_set (TransTitle) and not utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then	-- has special case for cite episode
		utilities.set_message ('err_citation_missing_title', {'episode' == config.CitationClass and 'series' or 'title'});
	end

	if utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) and
			utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'citation'}) and
			(utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and
			('journal' == Periodical_origin or 'script-journal' == ScriptPeriodical_origin) then	-- special case for journal cites
				Title = '';														-- set title to empty string
				utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled');						-- add maint cat
	end

	-- COinS metadata (see &lt;http://ocoins.info/&gt;) for automated parsing of citation information.
	-- handle the oddity that is cite encyclopedia and {{citation |encyclopedia=something}}. Here we presume that
	-- when Periodical, Title, and Chapter are all set, then Periodical is the book (encyclopedia) title, Title
	-- is the article title, and Chapter is a section within the article.  So, we remap 
	
	local coins_chapter = Chapter;												-- default assuming that remapping not required
	local coins_title = Title;													-- et tu
	if 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and utilities.is_set (Title) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then		-- if all are used then
			coins_chapter = Title;												-- remap
			coins_title = Periodical;
		end
	end
	local coins_author = a;														-- default for coins rft.au 
	if 0 &lt; #c then																-- but if contributor list
		coins_author = c;														-- use that instead
	end
	
	local QuotePage = A['QuotePage'];
	local QuotePages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['QuotePages']);

	-- this is the function call to COinS()
	local OCinSoutput = metadata.COinS({
		['Periodical'] = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical),		-- no markup in the metadata
		['Encyclopedia'] = Encyclopedia,										-- just a flag; content ignored by ~/COinS
		['Chapter'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_chapter, ScriptChapter),	-- Chapter and ScriptChapter stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup
		['Degree'] = Degree;													-- cite thesis only
		['Title'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_title, ScriptTitle),		-- Title and ScriptTitle stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup
		['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace,
		['Date'] = COinS_date.rftdate,											-- COinS_date has correctly formatted date if Date is valid;
		['Season'] = COinS_date.rftssn,
		['Quarter'] = COinS_date.rftquarter,
		['Chron'] =  COinS_date.rftchron or (not COinS_date.rftdate and Date) or '',	-- chron but if not set and invalid date format use Date; keep this last bit?
		['Series'] = Series,
		['Volume'] = Volume,
		['Issue'] = Issue,
		['Pages'] = coins_pages or metadata.get_coins_pages (first_set ({Sheet, Sheets, Page, Pages, At, QuotePage, QuotePages}, 7)),	-- pages stripped of external links
		['Edition'] = Edition,
		['PublisherName'] = PublisherName or Newsgroup,							-- any apostrophe markup already removed from PublisherName
		['URL'] = first_set ({ChapterURL, URL}, 2),
		['Authors'] = coins_author,
		['ID_list'] = ID_list_coins,
		['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText,
	}, config.CitationClass);

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, and {{cite ssrn}} AFTER generation of COinS data.
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list) then	-- we have set rft.jtitle in COinS to arXiv, bioRxiv, CiteSeerX, or ssrn now unset so it isn't displayed
		Periodical = '';														-- periodical not allowed in these templates; if article has been published, use cite journal
	end

	-- special case for cite newsgroup.  Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername to include some static text
	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Newsgroup) then
		PublisherName = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['newsgroup'], external_link( 'news:' .. Newsgroup, Newsgroup, Newsgroup_origin, nil ));
	end

	local Editors;
	local EditorCount;															-- used only for choosing {ed.) or (eds.) annotation at end of editor name-list
	local Contributors;															-- assembled contributors name list
	local contributor_etal;
	local Translators;															-- assembled translators name list
	local translator_etal;
	local t = {};																-- translators list from |translator-lastn= / translator-firstn= pairs
	t = extract_names (args, 'TranslatorList');									-- fetch translator list from |translatorn= / |translator-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=
	local Interviewers;															
	local interviewers_list = {};					
	interviewers_list = extract_names (args, 'InterviewerList');				-- process preferred interviewers parameters
	local interviewer_etal;
	
	-- Now perform various field substitutions.
	-- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the
	-- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil.
	do
		local last_first_list;
		local control = { 
			format = NameListStyle,												-- empty string or 'vanc'
			maximum = nil,														-- as if display-authors or display-editors not set
			mode = Mode
		};

		do																		-- do editor name list first because the now unsupported coauthors used to modify control table
			control.maximum , editor_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayEditors'], #e, 'editors', editor_etal, A:ORIGIN ('DisplayEditors'));
			Editors, EditorCount = list_people (control, e, editor_etal);

			if 1 == EditorCount and (true == editor_etal or 1 &lt; #e) then		-- only one editor displayed but includes etal then 
				EditorCount = 2;												-- spoof to display (eds.) annotation
			end
		end
		do																		-- now do interviewers
			control.maximum, interviewer_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayInterviewers'], #interviewers_list, 'interviewers', interviewer_etal, A:ORIGIN ('DisplayInterviewers'));
			Interviewers = list_people (control, interviewers_list, interviewer_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do translators
			control.maximum, translator_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayTranslators'], #t, 'translators', translator_etal, A:ORIGIN ('DisplayTranslators'));
			Translators = list_people (control, t, translator_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do contributors
			control.maximum, contributor_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayContributors'], #c, 'contributors', contributor_etal, A:ORIGIN ('DisplayContributors'));
			Contributors = list_people (control, c, contributor_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do authors
			control.maximum, author_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayAuthors'], #a, 'authors', author_etal, A:ORIGIN ('DisplayAuthors'));

			last_first_list = list_people (control, a, author_etal);

			if utilities.is_set (Authors) then
				Authors, author_etal = name_has_etal (Authors, author_etal, false, 'authors');	-- find and remove variations on et al.
				if author_etal then
					Authors = Authors .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al'];			-- add et al. to authors parameter
				end
			else
				Authors = last_first_list;										-- either an author name list or an empty string
			end
		end																		-- end of do
	
		if utilities.is_set (Authors) and utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then
			Authors = Authors .. ' (' .. Collaboration .. ')';					-- add collaboration after et al.
		end

	end

	local ConferenceFormat = A['ConferenceFormat'];
	local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL'];
	ConferenceFormat = style_format (ConferenceFormat, ConferenceURL, 'conference-format', 'conference-url');
	Format = style_format (Format, URL, 'format', 'url');

	-- special case for chapter format so no error message or cat when chapter not supported
	if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'ssrn'}) or
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia))) then
			ChapterFormat = style_format (ChapterFormat, ChapterURL, 'chapter-format', 'chapter-url');
	end

	if not utilities.is_set (URL) then
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;web&quot;, &quot;podcast&quot;, &quot;mailinglist&quot;}) or		-- |url= required for cite web, cite podcast, and cite mailinglist
			('citation' == config.CitationClass and ('website' == Periodical_origin or 'script-website' == ScriptPeriodical_origin)) then	-- and required for {{citation}} with |website= or |script-website=
				utilities.set_message ('err_cite_web_url');
		end
		
		-- do we have |accessdate= without either |url= or |chapter-url=?
		if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then		-- ChapterURL may be set when URL is not set;
			utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url');
			AccessDate = '';
		end
	end

	local UrlStatus = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlStatus'], A:ORIGIN('UrlStatus'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-status'], '');
	local OriginalURL
	local OriginalURL_origin
	local OriginalFormat
	local OriginalAccess;
	UrlStatus = UrlStatus:lower();												-- used later when assembling archived text
	if utilities.is_set ( ArchiveURL ) then
		if utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then 									-- if chapter-url= is set apply archive url to it
			OriginalURL = ChapterURL;											-- save copy of source chapter's url for archive text
			OriginalURL_origin = ChapterURL_origin;								-- name of |chapter-url= parameter for error messages
			OriginalFormat = ChapterFormat;										-- and original |chapter-format=

			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then
				ChapterURL = ArchiveURL											-- swap-in the archive's URL
				ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')						-- name of |archive-url= parameter for error messages
				ChapterFormat = ArchiveFormat or '';							-- swap in archive's format
				ChapterUrlAccess = nil;											-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (URL) then
			OriginalURL = URL;													-- save copy of original source URL
			OriginalURL_origin = URL_origin;									-- name of URL parameter for error messages
			OriginalFormat = Format; 											-- and original |format=
			OriginalAccess = UrlAccess;

			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then											-- if URL set then |archive-url= applies to it
				URL = ArchiveURL												-- swap-in the archive's URL
				URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')								-- name of archive URL parameter for error messages
				Format = ArchiveFormat or '';									-- swap in archive's format
				UrlAccess = nil;												-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs
			end
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (UrlStatus) then									-- if |url-status= is set when |archive-url= is not set
 		utilities.set_message ('maint_url_status');								-- add maint cat
	end

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'ssrn'}) or	-- if any of the 'periodical' cites except encyclopedia
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
			local chap_param;
			if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then									-- get a parameter name from one of these chapter related meta-parameters
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter')
			elseif utilities.is_set (TransChapter) then
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter')
			elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterURL')
			elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then
				chap_param = ScriptChapter_origin;
			else utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat)
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterFormat')
			end

			if utilities.is_set (chap_param) then								-- if we found one
				utilities.set_message ('err_chapter_ignored', {chap_param});	-- add error message
				Chapter = '';													-- and set them to empty string to be safe with concatenation
				TransChapter = '';
				ChapterURL = '';
				ScriptChapter = '';
				ChapterFormat = '';
			end
	else																		-- otherwise, format chapter / article title
		local no_quotes = false;												-- default assume that we will be quoting the chapter parameter value
		if utilities.is_set (Contribution) and 0 &lt; #c then						-- if this is a contribution with contributor(s)
			if utilities.in_array (Contribution:lower(), cfg.keywords_lists.contribution) then	-- and a generic contribution title
				no_quotes = true;												-- then render it unquoted
			end
		end

		Chapter = format_chapter_title (ScriptChapter, ScriptChapter_origin, Chapter, Chapter_origin, TransChapter, TransChapter_origin, ChapterURL, ChapterURL_origin, no_quotes, ChapterUrlAccess);		-- Contribution is also in Chapter
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then
			Chapter = Chapter .. ChapterFormat ;
			if 'map' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (TitleType) then
				Chapter = Chapter .. ' ' .. TitleType;							-- map annotation here; not after title
			end
			Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. ' ';
		elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat) then							-- |chapter= not set but |chapter-format= is so ...
			Chapter = ChapterFormat .. sepc .. ' ';								-- ... ChapterFormat has error message, we want to see it
		end
	end

	-- Format main title
	local plain_title = false;
	local accept_title;
	Title, accept_title = utilities.has_accept_as_written (Title, true);		-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;Title&gt;
	if accept_title and ('' == Title) then										-- only support forced empty for now &quot;(())&quot;
		Title = cfg.messages['notitle'];										-- replace by predefined &quot;No title&quot; message
			-- TODO: utilities.set_message ( 'err_redundant_parameters', ...);	-- issue proper error message instead of muting	 
			ScriptTitle = '';													-- just mute for now	 
			TransTitle = '';													-- just mute for now
 		plain_title = true;														-- suppress text decoration for descriptive title
		utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled');								-- add maint cat
	end

	if not accept_title then													-- &lt;Title&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
		if '...' == Title:sub (-3) then											-- if ellipsis is the last three characters of |title=
			Title = Title:gsub ('(%.%.%.)%.+$', '%1');							-- limit the number of dots to three
		elseif not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%.%s*%a%.$') and					-- end of title is not a 'dot-(optional space-)letter-dot' initialism ...
			not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%s+%a%.$') then						-- ...and not a 'space-letter-dot' initial (''Allium canadense'' L.)
				Title = mw.ustring.gsub(Title, '%' .. sepc .. '$', '');			-- remove any trailing separator character; sepc and ms.ustring() here for languages that use multibyte separator characters
		end

		if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) and is_archived_copy (Title) then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_archived_copy');						-- add maintenance category before we modify the content of Title
		end

		if is_generic ('generic_titles', Title) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_generic_title');						-- set an error message
		end
	end

	if (not plain_title) and (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'mailinglist', 'interview', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'ssrn'}) or
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or
		('map' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)))) then		-- special case for cite map when the map is in a periodical treat as an article
			Title = kern_quotes (Title);										-- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks
			Title = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', Title);
			Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
			TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );
	elseif plain_title or ('report' == config.CitationClass) then				-- no styling for cite report and descriptive titles (otherwise same as above)
		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
		TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );	-- for cite report, use this form for trans-title
	else
		Title = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Title);
		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
		TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', TransTitle);
	end

	if utilities.is_set (TransTitle) then
		if utilities.is_set (Title) then
			TransTitle = &quot; &quot; .. TransTitle;
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'title'});
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Title) then											-- TODO: is this the right place to be making Wikisource URLs?
		if utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url');						-- set an error message because we can't have both
			TitleLink = '';														-- unset
		end
	
		if not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then
			Title = external_link (URL, Title, URL_origin, UrlAccess) .. TransTitle .. Format;
			URL = '';															-- unset these because no longer needed
			Format = &quot;&quot;;
		elseif utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.is_set (URL) then
			local ws_url;
			ws_url = wikisource_url_make (TitleLink);							-- ignore ws_label return; not used here
			if ws_url then
				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in title-link');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this?
				Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], TitleLink, Title});				
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			else
				Title = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Title) .. TransTitle;
			end
		else
			local ws_url, ws_label, L;											-- Title has italic or quote markup by the time we get here which causes is_wikilink() to return 0 (not a wikilink)
			ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (Title:gsub('^[\'&quot;]*(.-)[\'&quot;]*$', '%1'));	-- make ws URL from |title= interwiki link (strip italic or quote markup); link portion L becomes tooltip label
			if ws_url then
				Title = Title:gsub ('%b[]', ws_label);							-- replace interwiki link with ws_label to retain markup
				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in title');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this?
				Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, Title});				
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			else
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			end
		end
	else
		Title = TransTitle;
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Place) then
		Place = &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('written', Place, use_lowercase) .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;
	end

	local ConferenceURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds ConferenceURL
	if utilities.is_set (Conference) then
		if utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then
			Conference = external_link( ConferenceURL, Conference, ConferenceURL_origin, nil );
		end
		Conference = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Conference .. ConferenceFormat;
	elseif utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then
		Conference = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. external_link( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURL_origin, nil );
	end

	local Position = '';
	if not utilities.is_set (Position) then
		local Minutes = A['Minutes'];
		local Time = A['Time'];

		if utilities.is_set (Minutes) then
			if utilities.is_set (Time) then		--TODO: make a function for this and similar?
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'minutes') .. ' and ' .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'time')});
			end
			Position = &quot; &quot; .. Minutes .. &quot; &quot; .. cfg.messages['minutes'];
		else
			if utilities.is_set (Time) then
				local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption']
				if not utilities.is_set (TimeCaption) then
					TimeCaption = cfg.messages['event'];
					if sepc ~= '.' then
						TimeCaption = TimeCaption:lower();
					end
				end
				Position = &quot; &quot; .. TimeCaption .. &quot; &quot; .. Time;
			end
		end
	else
		Position = &quot; &quot; .. Position;
		At = '';
	end

	Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets = format_pages_sheets (Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, NoPP, use_lowercase);

	At = utilities.is_set (At) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. At) or &quot;&quot;;
	Position = utilities.is_set (Position) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Position) or &quot;&quot;;
	if config.CitationClass == 'map' then
		local Sections = A['Sections'];											-- Section (singular) is an alias of Chapter so set earlier
		local Inset = A['Inset'];
		
		if utilities.is_set ( Inset ) then
			Inset = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('inset', Inset, use_lowercase);
		end			

		if utilities.is_set ( Sections ) then
			Section = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('sections', Sections, use_lowercase);
		elseif utilities.is_set ( Section ) then
			Section = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('section', Section, use_lowercase);
		end
		At = At .. Inset .. Section;		
	end	

	local Others = A['Others'];
	if utilities.is_set (Others) and 0 == #a and 0 == #e then					-- add maint cat when |others= has value and used without |author=, |editor=
		if config.CitationClass == &quot;AV-media-notes&quot;
		or config.CitationClass == &quot;audio-visual&quot; then							-- special maint for AV/M which has a lot of 'false' positives right now
			utilities.set_message ('maint_others_avm')
		else
			utilities.set_message ('maint_others');
		end
	end
	Others = utilities.is_set (Others) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Others) or &quot;&quot;;
	
	if utilities.is_set (Translators) then
		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('translated', Translators, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc);
	end
	if utilities.is_set (Interviewers) then
		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('interview', Interviewers, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc);
	end
	
	local TitleNote = A['TitleNote'];
	TitleNote = utilities.is_set (TitleNote) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. TitleNote) or &quot;&quot;;
	if utilities.is_set (Edition) then
		if Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]d%n?%.?$') or Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]dition$') then -- Ed, ed, Ed., ed., Edn, edn, Edn., edn.
			utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_edition');					 -- add error message
		end
		Edition = &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('edition', Edition);
	else
		Edition = '';
	end

	Series = utilities.is_set (Series) and wrap_msg ('series', {sepc, Series}) or &quot;&quot;;	-- not the same as SeriesNum
	local Agency = A['Agency'];
	Agency = utilities.is_set (Agency) and wrap_msg ('agency', {sepc, Agency}) or &quot;&quot;;
	Volume = format_volume_issue (Volume, Issue, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, use_lowercase);

	if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then
		local retrv_text = &quot; &quot; .. cfg.messages['retrieved']

		AccessDate = nowrap_date (AccessDate);									-- wrap in nowrap span if date in appropriate format
		if (sepc ~= &quot;.&quot;) then retrv_text = retrv_text:lower() end				-- if mode is cs2, lower case
		AccessDate = utilities.substitute (retrv_text, AccessDate);				-- add retrieved text

		AccessDate = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['accessdate'], {sepc, AccessDate});	-- allow editors to hide accessdates
	end
	
	if utilities.is_set (ID) then ID = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. ID; end
	
	local Docket = A['Docket'];
   	if &quot;thesis&quot; == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then
		ID = sepc .. &quot; Docket &quot; .. Docket .. ID;
	end
   	if &quot;report&quot; == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then		-- for cite report when |docket= is set
		ID = sepc .. ' ' .. Docket;												-- overwrite ID even if |id= is set
	end

	if utilities.is_set (URL) then
		URL = &quot; &quot; .. external_link( URL, nil, URL_origin, UrlAccess );
	end

	local Quote = A['Quote'];
	local TransQuote = A['TransQuote'];
	local ScriptQuote = A['ScriptQuote'];
	if utilities.is_set (Quote) or utilities.is_set (TransQuote) or utilities.is_set (ScriptQuote) then

		if utilities.is_set (Quote) then
			if Quote:sub(1, 1) == '&quot;' and Quote:sub(-1, -1) == '&quot;' then			-- if first and last characters of quote are quote marks
				Quote = Quote:sub(2, -2);										-- strip them off
			end
		end

		Quote = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-text', Quote );					-- wrap in &lt;q&gt;...&lt;/q&gt; tags
	
		if utilities.is_set (ScriptQuote) then
			Quote = script_concatenate (Quote, ScriptQuote, 'script-quote');	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after quote is wrapped
		end

		if utilities.is_set (TransQuote) then
			if TransQuote:sub(1, 1) == '&quot;' and TransQuote:sub(-1, -1) == '&quot;' then -- if first and last characters of |trans-quote are quote marks
				TransQuote = TransQuote:sub(2, -2); -- strip them off
			end
			Quote = Quote .. &quot; &quot; .. utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransQuote );
		end

		if utilities.is_set (QuotePage) or utilities.is_set (QuotePages) then	-- add page prefix
			local quote_prefix = '';
			if utilities.is_set (QuotePage) then
				extra_text_in_page_check (QuotePage, 'quote-page');				-- add to maint cat if |quote-page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.
				if not NoPP then
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, QuotePage}), '', '', '';
				else
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, QuotePage}), '', '', '';
				end
			elseif utilities.is_set (QuotePages) then
				extra_text_in_page_check (QuotePages, 'quote-pages');			-- add to maint cat if |quote-pages= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.
				if tonumber(QuotePages) ~= nil and not NoPP then				-- if only digits, assume single page
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, QuotePages}), '', '';
				elseif not NoPP then
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, QuotePages}), '', '';
				else
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, QuotePages}), '', '';
				end
			end
                        
			Quote = quote_prefix .. &quot;: &quot; .. Quote;
		else
			Quote = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Quote;
		end

		PostScript = &quot;&quot;;														-- cs1|2 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set
	end
	
	-- We check length of PostScript here because it will have been nuked by
	-- the quote parameters. We'd otherwise emit a message even if there wasn't
	-- a displayed postscript.
	-- TODO: Should the max size (1) be configurable?
	-- TODO: Should we check a specific pattern?
	if utilities.is_set(PostScript) and mw.ustring.len(PostScript) &gt; 1 then
		utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript')
	end
	
	local Archived;
	if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then
		local arch_text;
		if not utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_date');
			ArchiveDate = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
		end
		if &quot;live&quot; == UrlStatus then
			arch_text = cfg.messages['archived'];
			if sepc ~= &quot;.&quot; then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
			if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
				Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['archived-live'],
					{external_link( ArchiveURL, arch_text, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), nil) .. ArchiveFormat, ArchiveDate } );
			else
				Archived = '';
			end
			if not utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then
				utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');
				Archived = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then								-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead', 'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'
			if utilities.in_array (UrlStatus, {'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'}) then
				arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-unfit'];
				if sepc ~= &quot;.&quot; then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
				Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. arch_text .. ArchiveDate;				-- format already styled
				if 'bot: unknown' == UrlStatus then
					utilities.set_message ('maint_bot_unknown');				-- and add a category if not already added
				else
					utilities.set_message ('maint_unfit');						-- and add a category if not already added
				end
			else																-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead'
				arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-dead'];
				if sepc ~= &quot;.&quot; then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
				if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
					Archived = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. utilities.substitute ( arch_text,
						{ external_link( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'], OriginalURL_origin, OriginalAccess ) .. OriginalFormat, ArchiveDate } );	-- format already styled
				else
					Archived = '';												-- unset for concatenation
				end
			end	
		else																	-- OriginalUrl not set
			arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-missing'];
			if sepc ~= &quot;.&quot; then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');
			Archived = '';														-- empty string for concatenation
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (ArchiveFormat) then
		Archived = ArchiveFormat;												-- if set and ArchiveURL not set ArchiveFormat has error message
	else
		Archived = '';
	end
	
	local Lay = '';
	local LaySource = A['LaySource'];
	local LayURL = A['LayURL'];
	local LayFormat = A['LayFormat'];
	LayFormat = style_format (LayFormat, LayURL, 'lay-format', 'lay-url');
	if utilities.is_set (LayURL) then
		if utilities.is_set (LayDate) then LayDate = &quot; (&quot; .. LayDate .. &quot;)&quot; end
		if utilities.is_set (LaySource) then 
			LaySource = &quot; &amp;ndash; ''&quot; .. utilities.safe_for_italics (LaySource) .. &quot;''&quot;;
		else
			LaySource = &quot;&quot;;
		end
		if sepc == '.' then
			Lay = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. external_link( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary'], A:ORIGIN('LayURL'), nil ) .. LayFormat .. LaySource .. LayDate
		else
			Lay = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. external_link( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary']:lower(), A:ORIGIN('LayURL'), nil ) .. LayFormat .. LaySource .. LayDate
		end			
	elseif utilities.is_set (LayFormat) then									-- Test if |lay-format= is given without giving a |lay-url=
		Lay = sepc .. LayFormat;												-- if set and LayURL not set, then LayFormat has error message
	end

	local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL']
	local TranscriptFormat = A['TranscriptFormat'];
	TranscriptFormat = style_format (TranscriptFormat, TranscriptURL, 'transcript-format', 'transcripturl');
	local Transcript = A['Transcript'];
	local TranscriptURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds TranscriptURL
	if utilities.is_set (Transcript) then
		if utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then
			Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, Transcript, TranscriptURL_origin, nil );
		end
		Transcript = sepc .. ' ' .. Transcript .. TranscriptFormat;
	elseif utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then
		Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURL_origin, nil );
	end

	local Publisher;
	if utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then
		PublicationDate = wrap_msg ('published', PublicationDate);
	end
	if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
		if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then
			Publisher = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublicationPlace .. &quot;: &quot; .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;
		else
			Publisher = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;  
		end			
	elseif utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then 
		Publisher= sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate;
	else 
		Publisher = PublicationDate;
	end
	
	local TransPeriodical =  A['TransPeriodical'];
	local TransPeriodical_origin =  A:ORIGIN ('TransPeriodical');
	-- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
	if (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (TitleNote) then 
			Periodical = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin);
		else 
			Periodical = format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin);
		end
	end
	
	local Language = A['Language'];
	if utilities.is_set (Language) then
		Language = language_parameter (Language);								-- format, categories, name from ISO639-1, etc.
	else
		Language='';															-- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string;
	--[[ TODO: need to extract the wrap_msg from language_parameter
	so that we can solve parentheses bunching problem with Format/Language/TitleType
	]]
	end

	--[[
	Handle the oddity that is cite speech.  This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be &quot; (Speech)&quot; so that
	the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided).
	]]
	if &quot;speech&quot; == config.CitationClass then									-- cite speech only
		TitleNote = TitleType;													-- move TitleType to TitleNote so that it renders ahead of |event=
		TitleType = '';															-- and unset

		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then									-- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter 
			if utilities.is_set (Conference) then								-- and if |event= is set
				Conference = Conference .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;							-- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering
			end
		end
	end

	-- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
	-- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
	-- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.

	local tcommon;
	local tcommon2;																-- used for book cite when |contributor= is set
	
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;journal&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
		if utilities.is_set (Others) then Others = safe_join ({Others, sepc .. &quot; &quot;}, sepc) end		-- add terminal punctuation &amp; space; check for dup sepc; TODO why do we need to do this here?
		tcommon = safe_join( {Others, Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Volume}, sepc );
	elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;book&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and not utilities.is_set (Periodical) then		-- special cases for book cites
		if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then									-- when we are citing foreword, preface, introduction, etc.
			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote}, sepc );					-- author and other stuff will come after this and before tcommon2
			tcommon2 = safe_join( {Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc );
		else
			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc );
		end

	elseif 'map' == config.CitationClass then									-- special cases for cite map
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then										-- map in a book; TitleType is part of Chapter
			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, Format, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc );
		elseif utilities.is_set (Periodical) then								-- map in a periodical
			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleType, Format, Periodical, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc );
		else																	-- a sheet or stand-alone map
			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleType, Format, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher}, sepc );
		end
		
	elseif 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for cite episode
		tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher}, sepc );

	else																		-- all other CS1 templates
		tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, 
			Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc );
	end
	
	if #ID_list &gt; 0 then
		ID_list = safe_join( { sepc .. &quot; &quot;,  table.concat( ID_list, sepc .. &quot; &quot; ), ID }, sepc );
	else
		ID_list = ID;
	end
	
	local Via = A['Via'];
	Via = utilities.is_set (Via) and  wrap_msg ('via', Via) or '';
	local idcommon;
	if 'audio-visual' == config.CitationClass or 'episode' == config.CitationClass then	-- special case for cite AV media &amp; cite episode position transcript
		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, Transcript, AccessDate, Via, Lay, Quote }, sepc );
	else
		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, Lay, Quote }, sepc );
	end
	
	local text;
	local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At;

	local OrigDate = A['OrigDate'];
	OrigDate = utilities.is_set (OrigDate) and wrap_msg ('origdate', OrigDate) or '';
	if utilities.is_set (Date) then
		if utilities.is_set (Authors) or utilities.is_set (Editors) then		-- date follows authors or editors when authors not set
			Date = &quot; (&quot; .. Date .. &quot;)&quot; .. OrigDate .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;				-- in parentheses
		else																	-- neither of authors and editors set
			if (string.sub(tcommon, -1, -1) == sepc) then						-- if the last character of tcommon is sepc
				Date = &quot; &quot; .. Date .. OrigDate;									-- Date does not begin with sepc
			else
				Date = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Date .. OrigDate;							-- Date begins with sepc
			end
		end
	end	
	if utilities.is_set (Authors) then
		if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then									-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Authors termination
			Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);						-- when no date, terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Editors) then
			local in_text = &quot; &quot;;
			local post_text = &quot;&quot;;
			if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and 0 == #c then
				in_text = in_text .. cfg.messages['in'] .. &quot; &quot;
				if (sepc ~= '.') then
					in_text = in_text:lower()									-- lowercase for cs2
				end
			end
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				post_text = &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. &quot;)&quot;;				-- be consistent with no-author, no-date case
			else
				post_text = &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. &quot;)&quot;;
			end
			Editors = terminate_name_list (in_text .. Editors .. post_text, sepc);	-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then									-- book cite and we're citing the intro, preface, etc.
			local by_text = sepc .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['by'] .. ' ';
			if (sepc ~= '.') then by_text = by_text:lower() end					-- lowercase for cs2
			Authors = by_text .. Authors;										-- author follows title so tweak it here
			if utilities.is_set (Editors) and utilities.is_set (Date) then		-- when Editors make sure that Authors gets terminated
				Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);					-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
			end
			if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then								-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Contributors termination
				Contributors = terminate_name_list (Contributors, sepc);		-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
			end
			text = safe_join( {Contributors, Date, Chapter, tcommon, Authors, Place, Editors, tcommon2, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc );
		else
			text = safe_join( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc );
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (Editors) then
		if utilities.is_set (Date) then
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				Editors = Editors .. &quot;, &quot; .. cfg.messages['editor'];
			else
				Editors = Editors .. &quot;, &quot; .. cfg.messages['editors'];
			end
		else
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				Editors = Editors .. &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. &quot;)&quot; .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
			else
				Editors = Editors .. &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. &quot;)&quot; .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
			end
		end
		text = safe_join( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
	else
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;journal&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc );
		else
			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
		end
	end
	
	if utilities.is_set (PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then
		text = safe_join( {text, sepc}, sepc ); 								-- Deals with italics, spaces, etc.
		text = text:sub(1, -sepc:len() - 1);
	end	
	
	text = safe_join( {text, PostScript}, sepc );

	-- Now enclose the whole thing in a &lt;cite&gt; element
	local options_t = {};
	options_t.class = cite_class_attribute_make (config.CitationClass, Mode);

	local Ref = is_valid_parameter_value (A['Ref'], A:ORIGIN('Ref'), cfg.keywords_lists['ref'], nil, true);	-- nil when |ref=harv; A['Ref'] else

	if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[(Ref and Ref:lower()) or ''] then
		local namelist_t = {};													-- holds selected contributor, author, editor name list
		local year = first_set ({Year, anchor_year}, 2);						-- Year first for legacy citations and for YMD dates that require disambiguation

		if #c &gt; 0 then															-- if there is a contributor list
			namelist_t = c;														-- select it
		elseif #a &gt; 0 then														-- or an author list
			namelist_t = a;
		elseif #e &gt; 0 then														-- or an editor list
			namelist_t = e;
		end
		local citeref_id;
		if #namelist_t &gt; 0 then													-- if there are names in namelist_t
			citeref_id = make_citeref_id (namelist_t, year);					-- go make the CITEREF anchor
			if mw.uri.anchorEncode (citeref_id) == ((Ref and mw.uri.anchorEncode (Ref)) or '') then	-- Ref may already be encoded (by {{sfnref}}) so citeref_id must be encoded before comparison
				utilities.set_message ('maint_ref_duplicates_default');
			end
		else
			citeref_id = '';													-- unset
		end
		options_t.id = Ref or citeref_id;
	end

	if string.len (text:gsub('%b&lt;&gt;', '')) &lt;= 2 then								-- remove html and html-like tags; then get length of what remains; 
		z.error_cats_t = {};													-- blank the categories list
		z.error_msgs_t = {};													-- blank the error messages list
		OCinSoutput = nil;														-- blank the metadata string
		text = '';																-- blank the the citation
		utilities.set_message ('err_empty_citation');							-- set empty citation message and category
	end
	
	local render_t = {};														-- here we collect the final bits for concatenation into the rendered citation

	if utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then										-- here we wrap the rendered citation in &lt;cite ...&gt;...&lt;/cite&gt; tags
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite-id'], {mw.uri.anchorEncode(options_t.id), mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text}));	-- when |ref= is set or when there is a namelist
	else
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite'], {mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text}));	-- when |ref=none or when namelist_t empty and |ref= is missing or is empty
	end		

	if OCinSoutput then															-- blanked when citation is 'empty' so don't bother to add boilerplate metadata span
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ocins'], OCinSoutput));	-- format and append metadata to the citation
	end

	local template_name = ('citation' == config.CitationClass) and 'citation' or 'cite ' .. (cfg.citation_class_map_t[config.CitationClass] or config.CitationClass);
	local template_link = '[[Template:' .. template_name .. '|' .. template_name .. ']]';	-- TODO: if kept, these require some sort of i18n
	local msg_prefix = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;{{' .. template_link .. '}}&lt;/code&gt;: ';

	if 0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t then
		mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_e, template_link));

		table.insert (render_t, ' ');											-- insert a space between citation and its error messages
		table.sort (z.error_msgs_t);											-- sort the error messages list; sorting includes wrapping &lt;span&gt; and &lt;code&gt; tags; hidden-error sorts ahead of visible-error

		local hidden = true;													-- presume that the only error messages emited by this template are hidden
		for _, v in ipairs (z.error_msgs_t) do									-- spin through the list of error messages
			if v:find ('cs1-visible-error', 1, true) then						-- look for the visible error class name
				hidden = false;													-- found one; so don't hide the error message prefix
				break;															-- and done because no need to look further
			end
		end

		z.error_msgs_t[1] = table.concat ({utilities.error_comment (msg_prefix, hidden), z.error_msgs_t[1]});	-- add error message prefix to first error message to prevent extraneous punctuation
		table.insert (render_t, table.concat (z.error_msgs_t, '; '));			-- make a big string of error messages and add it to the rendering
	end

	if 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t then
		mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_m, template_link));

		table.sort (z.maint_cats_t);											-- sort the maintenance messages list

		local maint_msgs_t = {};												-- here we collect all of the maint messages

		if 0 == #z.error_msgs_t then											-- if no error messages
			table.insert (maint_msgs_t, msg_prefix);							-- insert message prefix in maint message livery
		end
		
		for _, v in ipairs( z.maint_cats_t ) do									-- append maintenance categories
			table.insert (maint_msgs_t, 										-- assemble new maint message and add it to the maint_msgs_t table
				table.concat ({v, ' (', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[':cat wikilink'], v), ')'})
				);
		end
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['hidden-maint'], table.concat (maint_msgs_t, ' ')));	-- wrap the group of maint messages with proper presentation and save
	end

	if not no_tracking_cats then
		for _, v in ipairs (z.error_cats_t) do									-- append error categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['cat wikilink'], v));
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (z.maint_cats_t) do									-- append maintenance categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['cat wikilink'], v));
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (z.prop_cats_t) do									-- append properties categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['cat wikilink'], v));
		end
	end

	return table.concat (render_t);												-- make a big string and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; V A L I D A T E &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Looks for a parameter's name in one of several whitelists.

Parameters in the whitelist can have three values:
	true - active, supported parameters
	false - deprecated, supported parameters
	nil - unsupported parameters
	
]]

local function validate (name, cite_class, empty)
	local name = tostring (name);
	local enum_name;															-- for enumerated parameters, is name with enumerator replaced with '#'
	local state;
	local function state_test (state, name)										-- local function to do testing of state values
		if true == state then return true; end									-- valid actively supported parameter
		if false == state then
			if empty then return nil; end										-- empty deprecated parameters are treated as unknowns
			deprecated_parameter (name);										-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
			return true;
		end
		if 'tracked' == state then
			local base_name = name:gsub ('%d', '');								-- strip enumerators from parameter names that have them to get the base name
			utilities.add_prop_cat ('tracked-param', {base_name}, base_name);	-- add a properties category; &lt;base_name&gt; modifies &lt;key&gt;
			return true;
		end
		return nil;
	end		

	if name:find ('#') then														-- # is a cs1|2 reserved character so parameters with # not permitted
		return nil;
	end

	if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.preprint_template_list ) then	-- limited parameter sets allowed for these templates
		state = whitelist.limited_basic_arguments[name];
		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end

		state = whitelist.preprint_arguments[cite_class][name];					-- look in the parameter-list for the template identified by cite_class
		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end

																				-- limited enumerated parameters list
		enum_name = name:gsub(&quot;%d+&quot;, &quot;#&quot; );										-- replace digit(s) with # (last25 becomes last#) (mw.ustring because non-Western 'local' digits)
		state = whitelist.limited_numbered_arguments[enum_name];
		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end

		return false;															-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil
	end																			-- end limited parameter-set templates

	if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.unique_param_template_list) then 	-- experiment for template-specific parameters for templates that accept parameters from the basic argument list
		state = whitelist.unique_arguments[cite_class][name];					-- look in the template-specific parameter-lists for the template identified by cite_class
		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end
	end																			-- if here, fall into general validation
		
	state = whitelist.basic_arguments[name];									-- all other templates; all normal parameters allowed
	if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end

																				-- all enumerated parameters allowed
	enum_name = name:gsub(&quot;%d+&quot;, &quot;#&quot; );											-- replace digit(s) with # (last25 becomes last#) (mw.ustring because non-Western 'local' digits)
	state = whitelist.numbered_arguments[enum_name];
	if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end

	return false;																-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I N T E R _ W I K I _ C H E C K &gt;----------------------------------------------

check &lt;value&gt; for inter-language interwiki-link markup.  &lt;prefix&gt; must be a MediaWiki-recognized language
code.  when these values have the form (without leading colon):
	[[&lt;prefix&gt;:link|label]] return label as plain-text
	[[&lt;prefix&gt;:link]] return &lt;prefix&gt;:link as plain-text

return value as is else

]=]

local function inter_wiki_check (parameter, value)
	local prefix = value:match ('%[%[(%a+):');									-- get an interwiki prefix if one exists
	local _;
	
	if prefix and cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix:lower()] then						-- if prefix is in the map, needs preceding colon so
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', parameter);					-- emit an error message
		_, value, _ = utilities.is_wikilink (value);							-- extract label portion from wikilink
	end
	return value;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M I S S I N G _ P I P E _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------------------------

Look at the contents of a parameter. If the content has a string of characters and digits followed by an equal
sign, compare the alphanumeric string to the list of cs1|2 parameters.  If found, then the string is possibly a
parameter that is missing its pipe.  There are two tests made:
	{{cite ... |title=Title access-date=2016-03-17}}	-- the first parameter has a value and whitespace separates that value from the missing pipe parameter name
	{{cite ... |title=access-date=2016-03-17}}			-- the first parameter has no value (whitespace after the first = is trimmed by MediaWiki)
cs1|2 shares some parameter names with XML/HTML attributes: class=, title=, etc.  To prevent false positives XML/HTML
tags are removed before the search.

If a missing pipe is detected, this function adds the missing pipe maintenance category.

]]

local function missing_pipe_check (parameter, value)
	local capture;
	value = value:gsub ('%b&lt;&gt;', '');											-- remove XML/HTML tags because attributes: class=, title=, etc.

	capture = value:match ('%s+(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=') or value:match ('^(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=');	-- find and categorize parameters with possible missing pipes
	if capture and validate (capture) then										-- if the capture is a valid parameter name
		utilities.set_message ('err_missing_pipe', parameter);
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ P U N C T &gt;--------------------------------------

look for extraneous terminal punctuation in most parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked

]]

local function has_extraneous_punc (param, value)
	if 'number' == type (param) then
		return;
	end
	
	param = param:gsub ('%d+', '#');											-- enumerated name-list mask params allow terminal punct; normalize 
	if cfg.punct_skip[param] then
		return;																	-- parameter name found in the skip table so done
	end
	
	if value:match ('[,;:]$') then
		utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct');							-- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat
	end
	if value:match ('^=') then													-- sometimes an extraneous '=' character appears ...
		utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct');							-- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------

look for extraneous url parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked

]]

local function has_extraneous_url (url_param_t)
	local url_error_t = {};
	
	check_for_url (url_param_t, url_error_t);									-- extraneous url check
	if 0 ~= #url_error_t then													-- non-zero when there are errors
		table.sort (url_error_t);
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_ext_link', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)});	-- add this error message
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

This is used by templates such as {{cite book}} to create the actual citation text.

]]

local function citation(frame)
	Frame = frame;																-- save a copy in case we need to display an error message in preview mode
	is_sandbox = nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), 'sandbox', 1, true);
	local pframe = frame:getParent()
	local styles;
	
	if is_sandbox then															-- did the {{#invoke:}} use sandbox version?
		cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox');		-- load sandbox versions of support modules
		whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox');
		utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities/sandbox');
		validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/sandbox');
		identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers/sandbox');
		metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS/sandbox');
		styles = 'Module:Citation/CS1/sandbox/styles.css';
		
	else																		-- otherwise
		cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration');				-- load live versions of support modules
		whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist');
		utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities');
		validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation');
		identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers');
		metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS');
		styles = 'Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css';
	end

	utilities.set_selected_modules (cfg);										-- so that functions in Utilities can see the selected cfg tables
	identifiers.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Identifiers can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module
	validation.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Date validataion can see selected cfg tables and the selected Utilities module
	metadata.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);								-- so that functions in COinS can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module

	z = utilities.z;															-- table of error and category tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities

	is_preview_mode = not utilities.is_set (frame:preprocess ('{{REVISIONID}}'));

	local args = {};															-- table where we store all of the template's arguments
	local suggestions = {};														-- table where we store suggestions if we need to loadData them
	local error_text;															-- used as a flag

	local config = {};															-- table to store parameters from the module {{#invoke:}}
	for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do											-- get parameters from the {{#invoke}} frame
		config[k] = v;
	--	args[k] = v;															-- crude debug support that allows us to render a citation from module {{#invoke:}}; skips parameter validation; TODO: keep?
	end	

	local capture;																-- the single supported capture when matching unknown parameters using patterns
	local empty_unknowns = {};													-- sequence table to hold empty unknown params for error message listing
	for k, v in pairs( pframe.args ) do											-- get parameters from the parent (template) frame
		v = mw.ustring.gsub (v, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1');							-- trim leading/trailing whitespace; when v is only whitespace, becomes empty string
		if v ~= '' then
			if ('string' == type (k)) then
				k = mw.ustring.gsub (k, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits);		-- for enumerated parameters, translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9
			end
			if not validate( k, config.CitationClass ) then			
				if type (k) ~= 'string' then									-- exclude empty numbered parameters
					if v:match(&quot;%S+&quot;) ~= nil then
						error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_text_ignored', {v});
					end
				elseif validate (k:lower(), config.CitationClass) then 
					error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()});	-- suggest the lowercase version of the parameter
				else
					if nil == suggestions.suggestions then						-- if this table is nil then we need to load it
						if is_sandbox then										-- did the {{#invoke:}} use sandbox version?
							suggestions = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions/sandbox' );	-- use the sandbox version
						else
							suggestions = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' );			-- use the live version
						end
					end
					for pattern, param in pairs (suggestions.patterns) do		-- loop through the patterns to see if we can suggest a proper parameter
						capture = k:match (pattern);							-- the whole match if no capture in pattern else the capture if a match
						if capture then											-- if the pattern matches 
							param = utilities.substitute (param, capture);		-- add the capture to the suggested parameter (typically the enumerator)
							if validate (param, config.CitationClass) then		-- validate the suggestion to make sure that the suggestion is supported by this template (necessary for limited parameter lists)
								error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, param});	-- set the suggestion error message
							else
								error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k});	-- suggested param not supported by this template
								v = '';											-- unset
							end
						end
					end
					if not utilities.is_set (error_text) then					-- couldn't match with a pattern, is there an explicit suggestion?						
						if (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil) and validate (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ], config.CitationClass) then
							utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ]});
						else
							utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k});
							v = '';												-- unset value assigned to unrecognized parameters (this for the limited parameter lists)
						end
					end
				end				  
			end

			args[k] = v;														-- save this parameter and its value

		elseif not utilities.is_set (v) then									-- for empty parameters
			if not validate (k, config.CitationClass, true) then				-- is this empty parameter a valid parameter
				k = ('' == k) and '(empty string)' or k;						-- when k is empty string (or was space(s) trimmed to empty string), replace with descriptive text
				table.insert (empty_unknowns, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k));	-- format for error message and add to the list
			end
																				-- crude debug support that allows us to render a citation from module {{#invoke:}} TODO: keep?
	--	elseif args[k] ~= nil or (k == 'postscript') then						-- when args[k] has a value from {{#invoke}} frame (we don't normally do that)
	--		args[k] = v;														-- overwrite args[k] with empty string from pframe.args[k] (template frame); v is empty string here
		end																		-- not sure about the postscript bit; that gets handled in parameter validation; historical artifact?
	end	

	if 0 ~= #empty_unknowns then												-- create empty unknown error message
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_unknown_empty', {
			1 == #empty_unknowns and '' or 's',
			utilities.make_sep_list (#empty_unknowns, empty_unknowns)
			});
	end

	local url_param_t = {};

	for k, v in pairs( args ) do
		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- don't evaluate positional parameters
			has_invisible_chars (k, v);											-- look for invisible characters
		end
		has_extraneous_punc (k, v);												-- look for extraneous terminal punctuation in parameter values
		missing_pipe_check (k, v);												-- do we think that there is a parameter that is missing a pipe?
		args[k] = inter_wiki_check (k, v);										-- when language interwiki-linked parameter missing leading colon replace with wiki-link label

		if 'string' == type (k) and not cfg.url_skip[k] then					-- when parameter k is not positional and not in url skip table
			url_param_t[k] = v;													-- make a parameter/value list for extraneous url check
		end
	end

	has_extraneous_url (url_param_t);											-- look for url in parameter values where a url does not belong

	return table.concat ({
		frame:extensionTag ('templatestyles', '', {src=styles}),
		citation0( config, args)
	});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {citation = citation};</text>
      <sha1>og2ozrff88n7bwcpf68543a6wbtutg6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/doc</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4500</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27416</id>
      <timestamp>2019-01-02T00:11:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Anas1712</username>
        <id>903</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>copy from english wiki template</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4166" xml:space="preserve">&lt;section begin=header /&gt;
{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|find|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|sandbox}}|0|
{{#switch:{{FULLPAGENAME}}
|Module:Citation/CS1={{high-risk| approximately 3800000 }}
|Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration={{high-risk| approximately 3900000 }}
|Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist={{high-risk| approximately 3800000 }}
|Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation={{high-risk| approximately 3800000 }}
|Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers={{high-risk| approximately 3800000 }}
|Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities={{high-risk| approximately 3800000 }}
|Module:Citation/CS1/COinS={{high-risk| approximately 3800000 }}
|Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions={{high-use| 20000+ }}
}}
{{Module rating|p}}}}&lt;!-- if pagename does not contain sandbox --&gt;
&lt;section end=header /&gt;

This module and associated sub-modules support the {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} citation templates.  In general, it is not intended to be called directly, but is called by one of the core CS1 and CS2 templates.
&lt;section begin=module_components_table /&gt;
These files comprise the module support for cs1|2 citation templates:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin: 1em auto 1em auto;&quot;
|+cs1 {{pipe}} cs2 modules
|-
!&amp;nbsp;!!live!!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|sandbox!!description
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| [[File:Full-protection-shackle.svg|20px|alt=Gold padlock|link=|sysop]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/sandbox&amp;action=edit|name=[edit&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} || Rendering and support functions
|-
| [[Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox&amp;action=edit|name=[edit&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} || Translation tables; error and identifier handlers
|-
| [[Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox&amp;action=edit|name=[edit&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} || List of active, deprecated, and obsolete cs1{{pipe}}2 parameters
|-
| [[Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/sandbox&amp;action=edit|name=[edit&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} || Date format validation functions
|-
| [[Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers/sandbox&amp;action=edit|name=[edit&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} || Functions that support the named identifiers (isbn, doi, pmid, etc)
|-
| [[Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities/sandbox&amp;action=edit|name=[edit&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} || Common functions and tables
|-
| [[Module:Citation/CS1/COinS]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/COinS/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/COinS/sandbox&amp;action=edit|name=[edit&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} || Functions that render a cs1{{pipe}}2 template's metadata
|-
| [[Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/sandbox/styles.css]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/sandbox/styles.css&amp;action=edit|name=[edit&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} || [[CSS]] styles applied to the cs1{{pipe}}2 templates
|-
| [[File:Semi-protection-shackle.svg|20px|alt=Silver padlock|link=|auto confirmed]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions]] || [[Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions/sandbox]] || {{Plain link|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions/sandbox&amp;action=edit|name=[edit&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} || List that maps common erroneous parameter names to valid parameter names
|}
&lt;section end=module_components_table /&gt;

Other documentation:
* [[Module talk:Citation/CS1/Feature requests]]
* [[Module talk:Citation/CS1/COinS]]
&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|sandbox||
[[Category:Modules that add a tracking category]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fpxn1mtjgckun4cvidhbtlb66z4xseh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4501</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27417</id>
      <timestamp>2019-01-02T00:15:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Anas1712</username>
        <id>903</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>copy from english wiki module</comment>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="51305" xml:space="preserve">
local citation_config = {};

--[[--------------------------&lt; U N C A T E G O R I Z E D _ N A M E S P A C E S &gt;------------------------------

List of namespaces that should not be included in citation error categories.  Same as setting notracking = true by default

Note: Namespace names should use underscores instead of spaces.

]]
local uncategorized_namespaces = { 'User', 'Talk', 'User_talk', 'Wikipedia_talk', 'File_talk', 'Template_talk', 'Help_talk', 'Category_talk', 'Portal_talk', 'Book_talk', 'Draft_talk', 'Education_Program_talk', 'Module_talk', 'MediaWiki_talk' };

local uncategorized_subpages = {'/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases'};		-- list of Lua patterns found in page names of pages we should not categorize

--[[--------------------------&lt; M E S S A G E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Translation table

The following contains fixed text that may be output as part of a citation.
This is separated from the main body to aid in future translations of this
module.

]]

local messages = {
	['archived-dead'] = 'Archived from $1 on $2',
	['archived-not-dead'] = '$1 from the original on $2',
	['archived-missing'] = 'Archived from the original$1 on $2',
	['archived'] = 'Archived',
	['by'] = 'By',																-- contributions to authored works: introduction, foreword, afterword
	['cartography'] = 'Cartography by $1',
	['editor'] = 'ed.',
	['editors'] = 'eds.',
	['edition'] = '($1 ed.)',
	['episode'] = 'Episode $1',
	['et al'] = 'et al.',
	['in'] = 'In',																-- edited works
	['inactive'] = 'inactive',
	['inset'] = '$1 inset',
	['interview'] = 'Interviewed by $1',										
	['lay summary'] = 'Lay summary',
	['newsgroup'] = '[[Usenet newsgroup|Newsgroup]]:&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['original'] = 'the original',
	['published'] = ' (published $1)',
	['retrieved'] = 'Retrieved $1',
	['season'] = 'Season $1',
	['section'] = '§ $1',
	['sections'] = '§§ $1',
	['series'] = 'Series $1',
	['translated'] = 'Translated by $1',
	['type'] = ' ($1)',															-- for titletype
	['written'] = 'Written at $1',

	['vol'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc; bold journal style volume is in presentation{}
	['vol-no'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2 no.&amp;nbsp;$3',									-- sepc, volume, issue
	['issue'] = '$1 No.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc

	['j-vol'] = '$1 $2',														-- sepc, volume; bold journal volume is in presentation{}
	['j-issue'] = ' ($1)',

	['nopp'] = '$1 $2';															-- page(s) without prefix; $1 is sepc

	['p-prefix'] = &quot;$1 p.&amp;nbsp;$2&quot;,												-- $1 is sepc
	['pp-prefix'] = &quot;$1 pp.&amp;nbsp;$2&quot;,											-- $1 is sepc
	['j-page(s)'] = ': $1',														-- same for page and pages

	['sheet'] = '$1 Sheet&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc
	['sheets'] = '$1 Sheets&amp;nbsp;$2',											-- $1 is sepc
	['j-sheet'] = ': Sheet&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['j-sheets'] = ': Sheets&amp;nbsp;$1',
	
	['subscription'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-subscription&quot;&gt;(Subscription required (&lt;span title=&quot;The site requires a paid subscription to access this page.&quot;&gt;help&lt;/span&gt;))&lt;/span&gt;' ..
		'[[Category:Pages containing links to subscription-only content]]',
	
	['registration']='&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-registration&quot;&gt;(Registration required (&lt;span title=&quot;The site requires registration to access this page.&quot;&gt;help&lt;/span&gt;))&lt;/span&gt;' ..
		'[[Category:Pages with login required references or sources]]',
	
	['language'] = '(in $1)',
	['via'] = &quot; &amp;ndash; via $1&quot;,
	['event'] = 'Event occurs at',
	['minutes'] = 'minutes in',
	
	['parameter-separator'] = ', ',
	['parameter-final-separator'] = ', and ',
	['parameter-pair-separator'] = ' and ',
	
	-- Determines the location of the help page
	['help page link'] = 'Help:CS1 errors',
	['help page label'] = 'help',
	
	-- Internal errors (should only occur if configuration is bad)
	['undefined_error'] = 'Called with an undefined error condition',
	['unknown_manual_ID'] = 'Unrecognized manual ID mode',
	['unknown_ID_mode'] = 'Unrecognized ID mode',
	['unknown_argument_map'] = 'Argument map not defined for this variable',
	['bare_url_no_origin'] = 'Bare url found but origin indicator is nil or empty',
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P R E S E N T A T I O N &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Fixed presentation markup.  Originally part of citation_config.messages it has been moved into its own, more semantically
correct place.

]]

local presentation = 
	{
	-- Error output
	-- .error class is specified at https://git.wikimedia.org/blob/mediawiki%2Fcore.git/9553bd02a5595da05c184f7521721fb1b79b3935/skins%2Fcommon%2Fshared.css#L538
	-- .citation-comment class is specified at Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display
	['hidden-error'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-hidden-error error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	['visible-error'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',

	['accessdate'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;$1$2&lt;/span&gt;',			-- to allow editors to hide accessdate using personal css

	['bdi'] = '&lt;bdi$1&gt;$2&lt;/bdi&gt;',												-- bidirectional isolation used with |script-title= and the like

	['cite'] = '&lt;cite class=&quot;$1&quot;&gt;$2&lt;/cite&gt;';									-- |ref= not set so no id=&quot;...&quot; attribute
	['cite-id'] = '&lt;cite id=&quot;$1&quot; class=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/cite&gt;';							-- for use when |ref= is set

	['format'] = ' &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;($1)&lt;/span&gt;',						-- for |format=, |chapter-format=, etc
	
																				-- various access levels, for |access=, |doi-access=, |arxiv=, ...
																				-- narrow no-break space &amp;#8239; may work better than nowrap css. Or not? browser support?

	['ext-link-access-signal'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;$1&quot; title=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/span&gt;',		-- external link with appropriate lock icon
		['free'] = {class='cs1-lock-free', title='Freely accessible'},			-- classes defined in Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css
		['registration'] = {class='cs1-lock-registration', title='Free registration required'},
		['limited'] = {class='cs1-lock-limited', title='Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required'},
		['subscription'] = {class='cs1-lock-subscription', title='Paid subscription required'},

	['italic-title'] = &quot;''$1''&quot;,

	['kern-left'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-left&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;$2',					-- spacing to use when title contains leading single or double quote mark
	['kern-right'] = '$1&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-right&quot;&gt;$2&lt;/span&gt;',				-- spacing to use when title contains trailing single or double quote mark

																				-- these for simple wikilinked titles [[&quot;text]], [[text&quot;]] and [[&quot;text&quot;]]
																				-- span wraps entire wikilink
	['kern-wl-left'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-wl-left&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',				-- when title contains leading single or double quote mark
	['kern-wl-right'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-wl-left&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',				-- when title contains trailing single or double quote mark
	['kern-wl-both'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-wl-left cs1-kern-wl-right&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',	-- when title contains leading and trailing single or double quote marks

	['nowrap1'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',								-- for nowrapping an item: &lt;span ...&gt;yyyy-mm-dd&lt;/span&gt;
	['nowrap2'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt; $2',							-- for nowrapping portions of an item: &lt;span ...&gt;dd mmmm&lt;/span&gt; yyyy (note white space)

	['ocins'] = '&lt;span title=&quot;$1&quot; class=&quot;Z3988&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',
	
	['parameter'] = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',
 
	['ps_cs1'] = '.';															-- cs1 style postscript (terminal) character
	['ps_cs2'] = '';															-- cs2 style postscript (terminal) character (empty string)

	['quoted-text'] = '&lt;q&gt;$1&lt;/q&gt;',												-- for wrapping |quote= content
	['quoted-title'] = '&quot;$1&quot;',

	['sep_cs1'] = '.',															-- cs1 element separator
	['sep_cs2'] = ',',															-- cs2 separator
	['sep_nl'] = ';',															-- cs1|2 style name-list separator between authors is a semicolon
	['sep_name'] = ', ',														-- cs1|2 style last/first separator is &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
	['sep_nl_vanc'] = ',',														-- Vancouver style name-list separator between authors is a comma
	['sep_name_vanc'] = ' ',													-- Vancouver style last/first separator is a space

	['trans-italic-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;''$1''&amp;#93;&quot;,
	['trans-quoted-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;$1&amp;#93;&quot;,
	['vol-bold'] = '$1 &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;',												-- sepc, volume; for bold journal cites; for other cites ['vol'] in messages{}
	}

	
--[[--------------------------&lt; A L I A S E S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------

Aliases table for commonly passed parameters

]]

local aliases = {
	['AccessDate'] = {'access-date', 'accessdate'},
	['Agency'] = 'agency',
	['AirDate'] = {'air-date', 'airdate'},
	['ArchiveDate'] = {'archive-date', 'archivedate'},
	['ArchiveFormat'] = 'archive-format',
	['ArchiveURL'] = {'archive-url', 'archiveurl'},
	['ASINTLD'] = {'ASIN-TLD', 'asin-tld'},
	['At'] = 'at',
	['Authors'] = {'authors', 'people', 'host', 'credits'},
	['BookTitle'] = {'book-title', 'booktitle'},
	['Cartography'] = 'cartography',
	['Chapter'] = {'chapter', 'contribution', 'entry', 'article', 'section'},
	['ChapterFormat'] = {'chapter-format', 'contribution-format', 'entry-format', 'article-format', 'section-format'};
	['ChapterURL'] = {'chapter-url', 'chapterurl', 'contribution-url', 'contributionurl', 'entry-url', 'article-url', 'section-url', 'sectionurl'},
	['ChapterUrlAccess'] = {'chapter-url-access', 'contribution-url-access', 'entry-url-access', 'article-url-access', 'section-url-access'},
	['Class'] = 'class',														-- cite arxiv and arxiv identifiers
	['Collaboration'] = 'collaboration',
	['Conference'] = {'conference', 'event'},
	['ConferenceFormat'] = {'conference-format', 'event-format'},
	['ConferenceURL'] = {'conference-url', 'conferenceurl', 'event-url', 'eventurl'},
	['Contribution'] = 'contribution',											-- introduction, foreword, afterword, etc; required when |contributor= set
	['Date'] = 'date',
	['DeadURL'] = {'dead-url', 'deadurl'},
	['Degree'] = 'degree',
	['DF'] = 'df',
	['DisplayAuthors'] = {'display-authors', 'displayauthors'},
	['DisplayEditors'] = {'display-editors', 'displayeditors'},
	['Docket'] = 'docket',
	['DoiBroken'] = {'doi-broken', 'doi-broken-date', 'doi-inactive-date'},
	['Edition'] = 'edition',
	['Editors'] = 'editors',
	['Embargo'] = 'embargo',
	['Encyclopedia'] = {'encyclopedia', 'encyclopaedia'},						-- this one only used by citation
	['Episode'] = 'episode',													-- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode?
	['Format'] = 'format',
	['ID'] = {'id', 'ID'},
	['IgnoreISBN'] = {'ignore-isbn-error', 'ignoreisbnerror'},
	['Inset'] = 'inset',
	['Issue'] = {'issue', 'number'},
	['Interviewers'] = 'interviewers',
	['Language'] = {'language', 'lang'},
	['LastAuthorAmp'] = {'last-author-amp', 'lastauthoramp'},
	['LayDate'] = {'lay-date', 'laydate'},
	['LayFormat'] = 'lay-format',
	['LaySource'] = {'lay-source', 'laysource'},
	['LayURL'] = {'lay-url', 'lay-summary', 'layurl', 'laysummary'},
	['MailingList'] = {'mailinglist', 'mailing-list'},							-- cite mailing list only
	['Map'] = 'map',															-- cite map only
	['MapFormat'] = 'map-format',												-- cite map only
	['MapURL'] = {'mapurl', 'map-url'},											-- cite map only
	['MessageID'] = 'message-id',
	['Minutes'] = 'minutes',
	['Mode'] = 'mode',
	['NameListFormat'] = 'name-list-format',
	['Network'] = 'network',
	['NoPP'] = {'no-pp', 'nopp'},
	['NoTracking'] = {'template-doc-demo', 'no-cat', 'nocat',
		'no-tracking', 'notracking'},
	['Number'] = 'number',														-- this case only for cite techreport
	['OrigYear'] = {'orig-year', 'origyear'},
	['Others'] = 'others',
	['Page'] = {'p', 'page'},
	['Pages'] = {'pp', 'pages'},
	['Periodical'] = {'journal', 'newspaper', 'magazine', 'work',
		'website',  'periodical', 'encyclopedia', 'encyclopaedia', 'dictionary', 'mailinglist'},
	['Place'] = {'place', 'location'},
	['PostScript'] = 'postscript',
	['PublicationDate'] = {'publicationdate', 'publication-date'},
	['PublicationPlace'] = {'publication-place', 'publicationplace'},
	['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'distributor', 'institution', 'newsgroup'},
	['Quote'] = {'quote', 'quotation'},
	['Ref'] = 'ref',
	['RegistrationRequired'] = 'registration',
	['Scale'] = 'scale',
	['ScriptChapter'] = 'script-chapter',
	['ScriptTitle'] = 'script-title',
	['Section'] = 'section',
	['Season'] = 'season',
	['Sections'] = 'sections',													-- cite map only
	['Series'] = {'series', 'version'},
	['SeriesSeparator'] = 'series-separator',
	['SeriesLink'] = {'series-link', 'serieslink'},
	['SeriesNumber'] = {'series-number', 'series-no', 'seriesnumber', 'seriesno'},
	['Sheet'] = 'sheet',														-- cite map only
	['Sheets'] = 'sheets',														-- cite map only
	['Station'] = 'station',
	['SubscriptionRequired'] = 'subscription',
	['Time'] = 'time',
	['TimeCaption'] = {'time-caption', 'timecaption'},
	['Title'] = 'title',
	['TitleLink'] = {'title-link', 'episode-link', 'titlelink', 'episodelink'},
	['TitleNote'] = 'department',
	['TitleType'] = {'type', 'medium'},
	['TransChapter'] = 'trans-chapter',
	['TransMap'] = 'trans-map',													-- cite map only
	['Transcript'] = 'transcript',
	['TranscriptFormat'] = 'transcript-format',
	['TranscriptURL'] = {'transcript-url', 'transcripturl'},
	['TransTitle'] = 'trans-title',
	['URL'] = {'url', 'URL'},
	['UrlAccess'] = {'url-access'},
	['Vauthors'] = 'vauthors',
	['Veditors'] = 'veditors',
	['Via'] = 'via',
	['Volume'] = 'volume',
	['Year'] = 'year',

	['AuthorList-First'] = {&quot;first#&quot;, &quot;given#&quot;, &quot;author-first#&quot;, &quot;author#-first&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Last'] = {&quot;last#&quot;, &quot;author#&quot;, &quot;surname#&quot;, &quot;author-last#&quot;, &quot;author#-last&quot;, &quot;subject#&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Link'] = {&quot;authorlink#&quot;, &quot;author-link#&quot;, &quot;author#-link&quot;, &quot;subjectlink#&quot;, &quot;author#link&quot;, &quot;subject-link#&quot;, &quot;subject#-link&quot;, &quot;subject#link&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Mask'] = {&quot;author-mask#&quot;, &quot;authormask#&quot;, &quot;author#mask&quot;, &quot;author#-mask&quot;},
	
	['ContributorList-First'] = {'contributor-first#', 'contributor#-first', 'contributor-given#', 'contributor#-given'},
	['ContributorList-Last'] = {'contributor#', 'contributor-last#', 'contributor#-last', 'contributor-surname#', 'contributor#-surname'},
	['ContributorList-Link'] = {'contributor-link#', 'contributor#-link'},
	['ContributorList-Mask'] = {'contributor-mask#', 'contributor#-mask'},

	['EditorList-First'] = {&quot;editor-first#&quot;, &quot;editor#-first&quot;, &quot;editor-given#&quot;, &quot;editor#-given&quot;},
	['EditorList-Last'] = {&quot;editor#&quot;, &quot;editor-last#&quot;, &quot;editor#-last&quot;, &quot;editor-surname#&quot;, &quot;editor#-surname&quot;},
	['EditorList-Link'] = {&quot;editor-link#&quot;, &quot;editor#-link&quot;, &quot;editorlink#&quot;, &quot;editor#link&quot;},
	['EditorList-Mask'] = {&quot;editor-mask#&quot;, &quot;editor#-mask&quot;, &quot;editormask#&quot;, &quot;editor#mask&quot;},
	
	['InterviewerList-First'] = {'interviewer-first#', 'interviewer#-first'},
	['InterviewerList-Last'] = {'interviewer#', 'interviewer-last#', 'interviewer#-last'},
	['InterviewerList-Link'] = {'interviewer-link#', 'interviewer#-link'},
	['InterviewerList-Mask'] = {'interviewer-mask#', 'interviewer#-mask'},

	['TranslatorList-First'] = {'translator-first#', 'translator#-first', 'translator-given#', 'translator#-given'},
	['TranslatorList-Last'] = {'translator#', 'translator-last#', 'translator#-last', 'translator-surname#', 'translator#-surname'},
	['TranslatorList-Link'] = {'translator-link#', 'translator#-link'},
	['TranslatorList-Mask'] = {'translator-mask#', 'translator#-mask'},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; S P E C I A L   C A S E   T R A N S L A T I O N S &gt;----------------------------

This table is primarily here to support internationalization.  Translations in this table are used, for example,
when an error message, category name, etc is extracted from the English alias key.  There may be other cases where
this translation table may be useful.

]]

local special_case_translation = {
	['AuthorList'] = &quot;authors list&quot;,											-- these for multiple names maint categories
	['ContributorList'] = &quot;contributors list&quot;,
	['EditorList'] = &quot;editors list&quot;,
	['InterviewerList'] = &quot;interviewers list&quot;,
	['TranslatorList'] = &quot;translators list&quot;,
	
	['authors'] = &quot;authors&quot;,													-- used in get_display_authors_editors()
	['editors'] = &quot;editors&quot;,

	['archived_copy'] = '^archived?%s+copy$',									-- lua pattern to match pseudo title used by Internet Archive bot and others as place holder for unknown |title= value
																				-- used with CS1 maint: Archived copy as title
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; D E F A U L T S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Default parameter values

TODO: keep this?  Only one default?
]]

local defaults = {
	['DeadURL'] = 'yes',
}


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E _ N A M E S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

This table of tables lists local language date names and fallback English date names.  The code in Date_validation
will look first in the local table for valid date names.  If date names are not found in the local table, the code
will look in the English table.

Because citations can be copied to the local wiki from en.wiki, the English is required when the date-name translation
function date_name_xlate() is used.

In these tables, season numbering is defined by ISO DIS 8601:2016 part 2 §4.7 'Divisions of a year'.  The standard
defines various divisions using numbers 21-41.  cs1|2 only supports generic seasons.  ISO DIS 8601:2016 does support
the distinction between north and south hemispere seasons but cs1|2 has no way to make that distinction.

The standard does not address 'named' dates so, for the purposes of cs1|2, Christmas is defined here as 99, which
should be out of the ISO DIS 8601:2016 range of uses for a while.

]]

local date_names = {
	['en'] = {			-- English
		['long']	= {['January']=1, ['February']=2, ['March']=3, ['April']=4, ['May']=5, ['June']=6, ['July']=7, ['August']=8, ['September']=9, ['October']=10, ['November']=11, ['December']=12};
		['short']	= {['Jan']=1, ['Feb']=2, ['Mar']=3, ['Apr']=4, ['May']=5, ['Jun']=6, ['Jul']=7, ['Aug']=8, ['Sep']=9, ['Oct']=10, ['Nov']=11, ['Dec']=12};
		['season']	= {['Winter']=24, ['Spring']=21, ['Summer']=22, ['Fall']=23, ['Autumn']=23};
		['named']	= {['Christmas']=99};
		},
	['local'] = {		-- replace these English date names with the local language equivalents
		['long']	= {['January']=1, ['February']=2, ['March']=3, ['April']=4, ['May']=5, ['June']=6, ['July']=7, ['August']=8, ['September']=9, ['October']=10, ['November']=11, ['December']=12};
		['short']	= {['Jan']=1, ['Feb']=2, ['Mar']=3, ['Apr']=4, ['May']=5, ['Jun']=6, ['Jul']=7, ['Aug']=8, ['Sep']=9, ['Oct']=10, ['Nov']=11, ['Dec']=12};
		['season']	= {['Winter']=24, ['Spring']=21, ['Summer']=22, ['Fall']=23, ['Autumn']=23};
		['named']	= {['Christmas']=99};
		},
	['local_digits'] = {['0'] = '0', ['1'] = '1', ['2'] = '2', ['3'] = '3', ['4'] = '4', ['5'] = '5', ['6'] = '6', ['7'] = '7', ['8'] = '8', ['9'] = '9'};	-- used to convert local language digits to Western 0-9
	['xlate_digits'] = {};
	}

	for ld, ed in pairs (date_names.local_digits) do							-- make a digit translation table for simple date translation from en to local language using local_digits table
		date_names.xlate_digits [ed] = ld;										-- en digit becomes index with local digit as the value
	end


--[[--------------------------&lt; V O L U M E ,  I S S U E ,  P A G E S &gt;----------------------------------------

These tables hold cite class values (from the template invocation) and identify those templates that support
|volume=, |issue=, and |page(s)= parameters.  Cite conference and cite map require further qualification which
is handled in the main module.

]]

local templates_using_volume = {'citation', 'audio-visual', 'book', 'conference', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'report', 'techreport', 'thesis'}
local templates_using_issue = {'citation', 'conference', 'episode', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news'}
local templates_not_using_page = {'audio-visual', 'episode', 'mailinglist', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech'}


--[[--------------------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

This table holds keywords for those parameters that have defined sets of acceptible keywords.

]]

local keywords = {
	['yes_true_y'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'},										-- ignore-isbn-error, last-author-amp, no-tracking, nopp, registration, subscription
--	['deadurl'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y', 'no', 'unfit', 'usurped', 'unfit no archive', 'usurped no archive'},		-- hidden 2016-04-10; see Help_talk:Citation_Style_1#Recycled_urls
	['deadurl'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y', 'no', 'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'},
	['mode'] = {'cs1', 'cs2', 'mla'},
	['name-list-format'] = {'vanc'},
	['contribution'] = {'afterword', 'foreword', 'introduction', 'preface'},	-- generic contribution titles that are rendered unquoted in the 'chapter' position
	['date-format'] = {'dmy', 'dmy-all', 'mdy', 'mdy-all', 'ymd', 'ymd-all'},
	['url-access'] = {'subscription', 'limited', 'registration'}, 	   -- access level of a URL (subscription required, limited access, free registration required), free to read by default
    ['id-access'] = {'free'},                                          -- access level of an identifier (free to read), subscription required (or no full text) by default
}


--[[--------------------------&lt; S T R I P M A R K E R S &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Common pattern definition location for stripmarkers so that we don't have to go hunting for them if (when)
MediaWiki changes their form.

]]

local stripmarkers = {
	['any'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-(%a+)%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127',			-- capture returns name of stripmarker
	['math'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-math%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127'			-- math stripmarkers used in coins_cleanup() and coins_replace_math_stripmarker()
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R A C T E R S &gt;--------------------------------------

This table holds non-printing or invisible characters indexed either by name or by Unicode group. Values are decimal
representations of UTF-8 codes.  The table is organized as a table of tables because the lua pairs keyword returns
table data in an arbitrary order.  Here, we want to process the table from top to bottom because the entries at
the top of the table are also found in the ranges specified by the entries at the bottom of the table.

This list contains patterns for templates like {{'}} which isn't an error but transcludes characters that are
invisible.  These kinds of patterns must be recognized by the functions that use this list.

Also here is a pattern that recognizes stripmarkers that begin and end with the delete characters.  The nowiki
stripmarker is not an error but some others are because the parameter values that include them become part of the
template's metadata before stripmarker replacement.

]]

local invisible_chars = {
	{'replacement', '\239\191\189'},											-- U+FFFD, EF BF BD
	{'zero width joiner', '\226\128\141'},										-- U+200D, E2 80 8D
	{'zero width space', '\226\128\139'},										-- U+200B, E2 80 8B
	{'hair space', '\226\128\138'},												-- U+200A, E2 80 8A
	{'soft hyphen', '\194\173'},												-- U+00AD, C2 AD
	{'horizontal tab', '\009'},													-- U+0009 (HT), 09
	{'line feed', '\010'},														-- U+000A (LF), 0A
	{'carriage return', '\013'},												-- U+000D (CR), 0D
	{'stripmarker', stripmarkers.any},											-- stripmarker; may or may not be an error; capture returns the stripmaker type
	{'delete', '\127'},															-- U+007F (DEL), 7F; must be done after stripmarker test
	{'C0 control', '[\000-\008\011\012\014-\031]'},								-- U+0000–U+001F (NULL–US), 00–1F (except HT, LF, CR (09, 0A, 0D))
	{'C1 control', '[\194\128-\194\159]'},										-- U+0080–U+009F (XXX–APC), C2 80 – C2 9F
--	{'Specials', '[\239\191\185-\239\191\191]'},								-- U+FFF9-U+FFFF, EF BF B9 – EF BF BF
--	{'Private use area', '[\238\128\128-\239\163\191]'},						-- U+E000–U+F8FF, EE 80 80 – EF A3 BF
--	{'Supplementary Private Use Area-A', '[\243\176\128\128-\243\191\191\189]'},	-- U+F0000–U+FFFFD, F3 B0 80 80 – F3 BF BF BD
--	{'Supplementary Private Use Area-B', '[\244\128\128\128-\244\143\191\189]'},	-- U+100000–U+10FFFD, F4 80 80 80 – F4 8F BF BD
	}

--[[
Indic script makes use of zero width joiner as a character modifier so zwj characters must be left in.  This
pattern covers all of the unicode characters for these languages:
	Devanagari					0900–097F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0900.pdf
		Devanagari extended		A8E0–A8FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA8E0.pdf
	Bengali						0980–09FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0980.pdf
	Gurmukhi					0A00–0A7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A00.pdf
	Gujarati					0A80–0AFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A80.pdf
	Oriya						0B00–0B7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B00.pdf
	Tamil						0B80–0BFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf
	Telugu						0C00–0C7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C00.pdf
	Kannada						0C80–0CFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C80.pdf
	Malayalam					0D00–0D7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D00.pdf
plus the not-necessarily Indic scripts for Sinhala and Burmese:
	Sinhala						0D80-0DFF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D80.pdf
	Myanmar						1000-109F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1000.pdf
		Myanmar extended A		AA60-AA7F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAA60.pdf
		Myanmar extended B		A9E0-A9FF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA9E0.pdf
the pattern is used by has_invisible_chars() and coins_cleanup()
TODO: find a better place for this?
]]

local indic_script = '[\224\164\128-\224\181\191\224\163\160-\224\183\191\225\128\128-\225\130\159\234\167\160-\234\167\191\234\169\160-\234\169\191]';


--[[--------------------------&lt; L A N G U A G E S &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

This table is used to hold ISO 639-1 two-character language codes that apply only to |script-title= and |script-chapter=

]]

local script_lang_codes = {
	'am', 'ar', 'be', 'bg', 'bn', 'bs', 'dv', 'el', 'fa',						-- ISO 639-1 codes only for |script-title= and |script-chapter=
	'gu', 'he', 'hy', 'ja', 'ka', 'kn', 'ko', 'ku',
	'mk', 'ml', 'mn', 'mr', 'my', 'ps', 'ru', 'sd',
	'sr', 'tg', 'th', 'uk', 'ug', 'ur', 'yi', 'zh'
	};


--[[--------------------------&lt; L A N G U A G E   R E M A P P I N G &gt;------------------------------------------

These tables hold language information that is different (correct) from MediaWiki's definitions

]]

	local lang_code_remap = {													-- used for |language= and |script-title= / |script-chapter=
		['bh'] = 'Bihari',														-- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri wWikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org
		['bn'] = 'Bengali',														-- MediaWiki returns Bangla
		['cnr'] = 'Montenegrin',												-- 'new' 639 code that MediaWiki does not yet understand
		}

	local lang_name_remap = {													-- used for |language=
		['bangla'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'},											-- MediaWiki returns Bangla (the endonym) but we want Bengali (the exonym); here we remap
		['bengali'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'},										-- MediaWiki doesn't use exonym so here we provide correct language name and 639-1 code
		['bihari'] = {'Bihari', 'bh'},											-- MediaWiki replaces 'Bihari' with 'Bhojpuri' so 'Bihari' cannot be found
		['bhojpuri'] = {'Bhojpuri', 'bho'},										-- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri wWikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org
		['montenegrin'] = {'Montenegrin', 'cnr'},								-- 'new' 639 code that MediaWiki does not yet understand
		}

--[[--------------------------&lt; M A I N T E N A N C E _ C A T E G O R I E S &gt;----------------------------------

Here we name maintenance categories to be used in maintenance messages.

]]

local maint_cats = {
	['ASIN'] = 'CS1 maint: ASIN uses ISBN',
	['archived_copy'] = 'CS1 maint: Archived copy as title',
	['authors'] = 'CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter',
	['bot:_unknown'] = 'CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown',
	['date_format'] = 'CS1 maint: Date format',
	['date_year'] = 'CS1 maint: Date and year',
	['disp_auth_ed'] = 'CS1 maint: display-$1',									-- $1 is authors or editors; gets value from special_case_translation table
	['editors'] = 'CS1 maint: Uses editors parameter',
	['embargo'] = 'CS1 maint: PMC embargo expired',
	['english'] = 'CS1 maint: English language specified',
	['etal'] = 'CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.',
	['extra_text'] = 'CS1 maint: Extra text',
	['extra_text_names'] = 'CS1 maint: Extra text: $1',							-- $1 is &lt;name&gt;s list; gets value from special_case_translation table
	['ignore_isbn_err'] = 'CS1 maint: Ignored ISBN errors',
	['interviewers'] = 'CS1 maint: Uses interviewers parameter',
	['missing_pipe'] = 'CS1 maint: Missing pipe',
	['mult_names'] = 'CS1 maint: Multiple names: $1',							-- $1 is &lt;name&gt;s list; gets value from special_case_translation table
	['pmc_format'] = 'CS1 maint: PMC format',
	['unfit'] = 'CS1 maint: Unfit url',
	['unknown_lang'] = 'CS1 maint: Unrecognized language',
	['untitled'] = 'CS1 maint: Untitled periodical',
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P R O P E R T I E S _ C A T E G O R I E S &gt;------------------------------------

Here we name properties categories

]]

local prop_cats = {
	['foreign_lang_source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)',					-- |language= categories; $1 is language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code
	['foreign_lang_source_2'] = 'CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)|$1',	-- |language= category; a cat for ISO639-2 languages; $1 is the ISO 639-2 code
	['script'] = 'CS1 uses foreign language script',							-- when language specified by |script-title=xx: doesn't have its own category
	['script_with_name'] = 'CS1 uses $1-language script ($2)',					-- |script-title=xx: has matching category; $1 is language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code
	['jul_greg_uncertainty'] = 'CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty',				-- probably temporary cat to identify scope of template with dates 1 October 1582 – 1 January 1926
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; T I T L E _ T Y P E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Here we map a template's CitationClass to TitleType (default values for |type= parameter)

]]

local title_types = {
	['AV-media-notes'] = 'Media notes',
	['interview'] = 'Interview',
	['mailinglist'] = 'Mailing list',
	['map'] = 'Map',
	['podcast'] = 'Podcast',
	['pressrelease'] = 'Press release',
	['report'] = 'Report',
	['techreport'] = 'Technical report',
	['thesis'] = 'Thesis',
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; E R R O R _ C O N D I T I O N S &gt;----------------------------------------------

Error condition table

The following contains a list of IDs for various error conditions defined in the code.  For each ID, we specify a
text message to display, an error category to include, and whether the error message should be wrapped as a hidden comment.

Anchor changes require identical changes to matching anchor in Help:CS1 errors

]]

local error_conditions = {
	accessdate_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;access-date=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'accessdate_missing_url',
		category = 'Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL',
		hidden = false
 		},
	archive_missing_date = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-date=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_date',
		category = 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors',
		hidden = false
		},
	archive_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_url',
		category = 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors',
		hidden = false
		},
	archive_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; is malformed: $1',
		anchor = 'archive_url',
		category = 'Pages with archiveurl citation errors',
		hidden = false
		},
	arxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;arxiv=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'arxiv_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv',											-- same as bad arxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	arxiv_params_not_supported = {
		message = 'Unsupported parameter(s) in cite arXiv',
		anchor = 'arxiv_params_not_supported',
		category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv',											-- same as bad arxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_arxiv = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;arxiv=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_arxiv',
		category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_asin = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_asin',
		category ='CS1 errors: ASIN',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_bibcode = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;bibcode=&lt;/code&gt; $1',
		anchor = 'bad_bibcode',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bibcode',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_biorxiv = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;biorxiv=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_biorxiv',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_citeseerx = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;citeseerx=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_citeseerx',
		category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_date = {
		message = 'Check date values in: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_date',
		category = 'CS1 errors: dates',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_doi = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;doi=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_doi',
		category = 'CS1 errors: DOI',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_hdl = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;hdl=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_hdl',
		category = 'CS1 errors: HDL',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_isbn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;isbn=&lt;/code&gt; value: $1',
		anchor = 'bad_isbn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISBN',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_ismn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ismn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ismn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISMN',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_issn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1issn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_issn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISSN',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_jfm = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;jfm=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_jfm',
		category = 'CS1 errors: JFM',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_lccn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;lccn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_lccn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: LCCN',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_usenet_id = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;message-id=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_message_id',
		category = 'CS1 errors: message-id',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_mr = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;mr=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_mr',
		category = 'CS1 errors: MR',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_ol = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ol=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ol',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OL',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_paramlink = {															-- for |title-link=, |author/editor/translator-link=, |series-link=, |episode-link=
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_paramlink',
		category = 'CS1 errors: parameter link',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_pmc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_pmc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMC',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_pmid = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmid=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_pmid',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMID',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_oclc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;oclc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_oclc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OCLC',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_ssrn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ssrn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ssrn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_url = {
		message = 'Check $1 value',
		anchor = 'bad_url',
		category = 'Pages with URL errors',
		hidden = false
		},
	bad_zbl = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;zbl=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_zbl',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ZBL',
		hidden = false
		},
	bare_url_missing_title = {
		message = '$1 missing title',
		anchor = 'bare_url_missing_title',
		category = 'Pages with citations having bare URLs',
		hidden = false
		},
	biorxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;biorxiv=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'biorxiv_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv',										-- same as bad bioRxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	chapter_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',
		anchor = 'chapter_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: chapter ignored',
		hidden = false
		},
	citation_missing_title = {
		message = 'Missing or empty &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'citation_missing_title',
		category = 'Pages with citations lacking titles',
		hidden = false
		},
	citeseerx_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;citeseerx=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'citeseerx_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx',										-- same as bad citeseerx
		hidden = false
		},
	cite_web_url = {															-- this error applies to cite web and to cite podcast
		message = 'Missing or empty &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'cite_web_url',
		category = 'Pages using web citations with no URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	class_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;class=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',
		anchor = 'class_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: class',
		hidden = false
		},
	contributor_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;contributor=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',
		anchor = 'contributor_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: contributor',
		hidden = false
		},
	contributor_missing_required_param = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;contributor=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'contributor_missing_required_param',
		category = 'CS1 errors: contributor',
		hidden = false
		},
	deprecated_params = {
		message = 'Cite uses deprecated parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'deprecated_params',
		category = 'CS1 errors: deprecated parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	empty_citation = {
		message = 'Empty citation',
		anchor = 'empty_citation',
		category = 'Pages with empty citations',
		hidden = false
		},
	first_missing_last = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;first$2=&lt;/code&gt; missing &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;last$2=&lt;/code&gt; in $1',
		anchor = 'first_missing_last',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing author or editor',
		hidden = false
		},
	format_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'format_missing_url',
		category = 'Pages using citations with format and no URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	invalid_param_val = {
		message = 'Invalid &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=$2&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'invalid_param_val',
		category = 'CS1 errors: invalid parameter value',
		hidden = false
		},
	invisible_char = {
		message = '$1 in $2 at position $3',
		anchor = 'invisible_char',
		category = 'CS1 errors: invisible characters',
		hidden = false
		},
	missing_name = {
		message = 'Missing &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;last$2=&lt;/code&gt; in $1',
		anchor = 'missing_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing author or editor',
		hidden = false
		},
	param_access_requires_param = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1-access=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'param_access_requires_param',
		category = 'CS1 errors: param-access',
		hidden = false
		},
	param_has_ext_link = {
		message = 'External link in &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'param_has_ext_link',
		category = 'CS1 errors: external links',
		hidden = false
		},
	parameter_ignored = {
		message = 'Unknown parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored',
		category = 'Pages with citations using unsupported parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	parameter_ignored_suggest = {
		message = 'Unknown parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored (&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt; suggested)',
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored_suggest',
		category = 'Pages with citations using unsupported parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	redundant_parameters = {
		message = 'More than one of $1 specified',
		anchor = 'redundant_parameters',
		category = 'Pages with citations having redundant parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	text_ignored = {
		message = 'Text &quot;$1&quot; ignored',
		anchor = 'text_ignored',
		category = 'Pages with citations using unnamed parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	trans_missing_title = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;trans-$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'trans_missing_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: translated title',
		hidden = false
		},
	vancouver = {
		message = 'Vancouver style error: $1',
		anchor = 'vancouver',
		category = 'CS1 errors: Vancouver style',
		hidden = false
		},
	wikilink_in_url = {
		message = 'URL–wikilink conflict',										-- uses ndash
		anchor = 'wikilink_in_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict',							-- uses ndash
		hidden = false
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; I D _ H A N D L E R S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

The following contains a list of values for various defined identifiers.  For each identifier we specify a
variety of information necessary to properly render the identifier in the citation.

	parameters: a list of parameter aliases for this identifier
	link: Wikipedia article name
	q: wikidata q number for the identifier
	label: the alternate name to apply to link
	mode: 	'manual' when there is a specific function in the code to handle the identifier;
			'external' for identifiers that link outside of Wikipedia;
	prefix: the first part of a url that will be concatenated with a second part which usually contains the identifier
	encode: true if uri should be percent encoded; otherwise false
	COinS: identifier link or keyword for use in COinS:
		for identifiers registered at info-uri.info use: info:....
		for identifiers that have COinS keywords, use the keyword: rft.isbn, rft.issn, rft.eissn
		for others make a url using the value in prefix, use the keyword: pre (not checked; any text other than 'info' or 'rft' works here)
		set to nil to leave the identifier out of the COinS
	separator: character or text between label and the identifier in the rendered citation
	access: use this parameter to set the access level for all instances of this identifier.
			the value must be a valid access level for an identifier (see ['id-access'] in this file).
	custom_access: to enable custom access level for an identifier, set this parameter
			to the parameter that should control it (normally 'id-access')
]]

local id_handlers = {
	['ARXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'arxiv', 'eprint'},
		link = 'arXiv',
		q = 'Q118398',
		label = 'arXiv',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//arxiv.org/abs/', 											-- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:arxiv',
		separator = ':',
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['ASIN'] = {
		parameters = { 'asin', 'ASIN' },
		link = 'Amazon Standard Identification Number',
		q = 'Q1753278',
		label = 'ASIN',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//www.amazon.',
		COinS = nil,															-- no COinS for this id (needs thinking on implementation because |asin-tld=)
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		encode = false;
		},
	['BIBCODE'] = {
		parameters = {'bibcode'},
		link = 'Bibcode',
		q = 'Q25754',
		label = 'Bibcode',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = 'http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:bibcode',
		separator = ':',
		custom_access = 'bibcode-access',
		},
	['BIORXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'biorxiv'},
		link = 'bioRxiv',
		q = 'Q19835482',
		label = 'bioRxiv',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//doi.org/10.1101/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['CITESEERX'] = {
		parameters = {'citeseerx'},
		link = 'CiteSeerX',
		q = 'Q2715061',
		label = 'CiteSeerX',
		mode = 'manual',														-- manual for custom validation of the &quot;doi&quot;
		prefix = '//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=',
		COinS =  'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['DOI'] = {
		parameters = { 'doi', 'DOI' },
		link = 'Digital object identifier',
		q = 'Q25670',
		label = 'doi',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//doi.org/',
		COinS = 'info:doi',
		separator = ':',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'doi-access',
		},
	['EISSN'] = {
		parameters = {'eissn', 'EISSN'},
		link = 'International_Standard_Serial_Number#Electronic_ISSN',
		q = 'Q46339674',
		label = 'eISSN',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/issn/',
		COinS = 'rft.eissn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['HDL'] = {
		parameters = { 'hdl', 'HDL' },
		link = 'Handle System',
		q = 'Q3126718',
		label = 'hdl',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//hdl.handle.net/',
		COinS = 'info:hdl',
		separator = ':',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'hdl-access',
		},
	['ISBN'] = {
		parameters = {'isbn', 'ISBN', 'isbn13', 'ISBN13'},
		link = 'International Standard Book Number',
		q = 'Q33057',
		label = 'ISBN',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = 'Special:BookSources/',
		COinS = 'rft.isbn',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ISMN'] = {
		parameters = {'ismn', 'ISMN'},
		link = 'International Standard Music Number',
		q = 'Q1666938',
		label = 'ISMN',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '',															-- not currently used;
		COinS = 'nil',															-- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info:
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ISSN'] = {
		parameters = {'issn', 'ISSN'},
		link = 'International Standard Serial Number',
		q = 'Q131276',
		label = 'ISSN',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/issn/',
		COinS = 'rft.issn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['JFM'] = {
		parameters = {'jfm', 'JFM'},
		link = 'Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik',
		q = '',
		label = 'JFM',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//zbmath.org/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['JSTOR'] = {
		parameters = {'jstor', 'JSTOR'},
		link = 'JSTOR',
		q = 'Q1420342',
		label = 'JSTOR',
		mode = 'external',
		prefix = '//www.jstor.org/stable/', 									-- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		custom_access = 'jstor-access',
		},
	['LCCN'] = {
		parameters = {'LCCN', 'lccn'},
		link = 'Library of Congress Control Number',
		q = 'Q620946',
		label = 'LCCN',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//lccn.loc.gov/', 											-- protocol relative tested 2015-12-28
		COinS = 'info:lccn',													-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['MR'] = {
		parameters = {'MR', 'mr'},
		link = 'Mathematical Reviews',
		q = 'Q211172',
		label = 'MR',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=', 						-- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['OCLC'] = {
		parameters = {'OCLC', 'oclc'},
		link = 'OCLC',
		q = 'Q190593',
		label = 'OCLC',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/oclc/',
		COinS = 'info:oclcnum',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['OL'] = {
		parameters = { 'ol', 'OL' },
		link = 'Open Library',
		q = 'Q1201876',
		label = 'OL',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//openlibrary.org/',
		COinS = nil,															-- no COinS for this id (needs thinking on implementation because /authors/books/works/OL)
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'ol-access',
		},
	['OSTI'] = {
		parameters = {'OSTI', 'osti'},
		link = 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information',
		q = 'Q2015776',
		label = 'OSTI',
		mode = 'external',
		prefix = '//www.osti.gov/biblio/',										-- protocol relative tested 2018-09-12
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		custom_access = 'osti-access',
		},
	['PMC'] = {
		parameters = {'PMC', 'pmc'},
		link = 'PubMed Central',
		q = 'Q229883',
		label = 'PMC',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC',
		suffix = &quot; &quot;,
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['PMID'] = {
		parameters = {'PMID', 'pmid'},
		link = 'PubMed Identifier',
		q = '',
		label = 'PMID',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/',
		COinS = 'info:pmid',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['RFC'] = {
		parameters = {'RFC', 'rfc'},
		link = 'Request for Comments',
		q = 'Q212971',
		label = 'RFC',
		mode = 'external',
		prefix = '//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['SSRN'] = {
		parameters = {'SSRN', 'ssrn'},
		link = 'Social Science Research Network',
		q = 'Q7550801',
		label = 'SSRN',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//ssrn.com/abstract=', 										-- protocol relative tested 2013-09-04
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		access = 'free',														-- always free to read
		},
	['USENETID'] = {
		parameters = {'message-id'},
		link = 'Usenet',
		q = 'Q193162',
		label = 'Usenet:',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = 'news:',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ZBL'] = {
		parameters = {'ZBL', 'zbl'},
		link = 'Zentralblatt MATH',
		q = 'Q190269',
		label = 'Zbl',
		mode = 'manual',
		prefix = '//zbmath.org/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------
]]

return 	{
	aliases = aliases,
	special_case_translation = special_case_translation,
	defaults = defaults,
	date_names = date_names,
	error_conditions = error_conditions,
	id_handlers = id_handlers,
	keywords = keywords,
	stripmarkers=stripmarkers,
	invisible_chars = invisible_chars,
	indic_script = indic_script,
	maint_cats = maint_cats,
	messages = messages,
	presentation = presentation,
	prop_cats = prop_cats,
	script_lang_codes = script_lang_codes,
	lang_code_remap = lang_code_remap,
	lang_name_remap = lang_name_remap,
	title_types = title_types,
	uncategorized_namespaces = uncategorized_namespaces,
	uncategorized_subpages = uncategorized_subpages,
	templates_using_volume = templates_using_volume,
	templates_using_issue = templates_using_issue,
	templates_not_using_page = templates_not_using_page,
	}</text>
      <sha1>52uqe2guqubwrsgby469ce6v9n11hbe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/doc</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4502</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27418</id>
      <timestamp>2019-01-02T00:16:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Anas1712</username>
        <id>903</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{#lst:Module:Citation/CS1/doc|header}} This configuration file contains various data that controls the functioning of [[Module:Citation/CS1]] and hence the way that Lua-based...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="837" xml:space="preserve">{{#lst:Module:Citation/CS1/doc|header}}
This configuration file contains various data that controls the functioning of [[Module:Citation/CS1]] and hence the way that Lua-based citations are generated.

It has several sections among which are:
# translation tables that contain most of the literal strings that may be included in Lua-based citation.  If editors are copying this Module to another wiki using a language other than English, then they should translate each of these values into that language.
# a list of error conditions specifying what text to display, what category to include (if any), and what help page section to refer to when errors are detected
# a list of ID handlers specifying the recognized document IDs, such as ISBN, DOI, etc., and how to format them.

{{#lst:Module:Citation/CS1/doc|module_components_table}}</text>
      <sha1>b6g4r9eots0kikse07rmwebpggz2d01</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4503</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27419</id>
      <timestamp>2019-01-02T00:19:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Anas1712</username>
        <id>903</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>copy from english wiki module</comment>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="20227" xml:space="preserve">
--[[--------------------------&lt; P A R A M E T E R S   N O T   S U P P O R T E D &gt;------------------------------

This is a list of parameters that once were but now are no longer supported:

	['albumlink'] = nil,														-- unique alias of titlelink used by old cite AV media notes
	['albumtype'] = nil,														-- controled inappropriate functionality in the old cite AV media notes
	['artist'] = nil,															-- unique alias of others used by old cite AV media notes
	['ARXIV'] = nil,															-- not an initialization
	['Author'] = nil,															-- non-standard capitalization
	['authorformat'] = nil,														-- primarily used to support Vancouver format which functionality now part of name-list-format
	['author-format'] = nil,													-- primarily used to support Vancouver format which functionality now part of name-list-format
	['author-name-separator'] = nil,											-- primarily used to support Vancouver format which functionality now part of name-list-format
	['author-separator'] = nil,													-- primarily used to support Vancouver format which functionality now part of name-list-format
	['began'] = nil,															-- module handles date ranges; cite episode and cite series
	['BIBCODE'] = nil,															-- not an initialization
	['callsign'] = nil,															-- cite interview removed
	['call-sign'] = nil,														-- cite interview removed
	['chapterlink'] = nil,														-- if ever necessary to link to a chapter article, |chapter= can be wikilinked 
	['chapter-link'] = nil,														-- 
	['city'] = nil,																-- cite interview removed
	['coauthor'] = nil,															-- redundant to |authorn=; not made part of metadata
	['coauthors'] = nil,														-- redundant to |authorn=; not made part of metadata
	['cointerviewers'] = nil,													-- unique alias of others used by old cite interview
	['day'] = nil,																-- deprecated in {{citation/core}} and somehow undeprecated in Module:Citation/CS1 and now finally removed
	['director'] = nil,															-- unique alias of author used by old cite DVD-notes
	['doi_brokendate'] = nil,    												-- alias of doi-broken-date
	['doi_inactivedate'] = nil,													-- alias of doi-inactive-date
	['DoiBroken'] = nil,														-- not used, non-standard captialization
	['Editor'] = nil,															-- non-standard capitalization
	['editorformat'] = nil,														-- primarily used to support Vancouver format which functionality now part of name-list-format
	['EditorSurname'] = nil,													-- non-standard capitalization
	['editor-format'] = nil,													-- primarily used to support Vancouver format which functionality now part of name-list-format
	['EditorGiven'] = nil,														-- non-standard capitalization
	['editor-name-separator'] = nil,											-- primarily used to support Vancouver format which functionality now part of name-list-format
	['editor-separator'] = nil,													-- primarily used to support Vancouver format which functionality now part of name-list-format
	['Embargo'] = nil,															-- not used, non-standard capitalization
	['ended'] = nil,															-- module handles date ranges; cite episode and cite series
	['in'] = nil,																-- ambiguous between use for language, appearance of a lesser work in an edited work
	['month'] = nil,															-- functionality supported by |date=
	['name-separator'] = nil,													-- primarily used to support Vancouver format which functionality now part of name-list-format
	['notestitle'] = nil,														-- unique alias of chapter used by old cite AV media notes
	['PPrefix'] = nil,															-- non-standard capitalization
	['PPPrefix'] = nil,															-- not used, non-standard capitalization
	['pp-prefix'] = nil,														-- not used, not documented
	['p-prefix'] = nil,															-- not used, not documented
	['program'] = nil,															-- cite interview removed
	['publisherid'] = nil,														-- unique alias of id used by old cite AV media notes and old cite DVD-notes
	['Ref'] = nil,																-- non-standard capitalization
	['separator'] = nil,														-- this functionality now provided by |mode=
	['template doc demo'] = nil,												-- alias of template doc demo
	['titleyear'] = nil,														-- unique alias of origyear used by old cite DVD-notes
	['trans_chapter'] = nil,													-- alias of trans-chapter
	['trans_title'] = nil,														-- alias of trans-title

	['Author#'] = nil,															-- non-standard capitalization
	['authors#'] = nil,															-- no need for multiple lists of author names
	['Editor#'] = nil,															-- non-standard capitalization
	['editors#'] = nil,															-- no need for multiple lists of editor names
	['EditorGiven#'] = nil,														-- non-standard capitalization
	['EditorSurname#'] = nil,													-- non-standard capitalization

]]

--[[--------------------------&lt; S U P P O R T E D   P A R A M E T E R S &gt;--------------------------------------

Because a steady-state signal conveys no useful information, whitelist.basic_arguments[] list items can have three values:
	true - these parameters are valid and supported parameters
	false - these parameters are deprecated but still supported
	nil - these parameters are no longer supported (when setting a parameter to nil, leave a comment stating the reasons for invalidating the parameter)
	
]]

local whitelist = {}

local basic_arguments = {
	['accessdate'] = true,
	['access-date'] = true,
	['agency'] = true,
	['airdate'] = true,
	['air-date'] = true,
	['archivedate'] = true,
	['archive-date'] = true,
	['archive-format'] = true,
	['archiveurl'] = true,
	['archive-url'] = true,
	['article'] = true,
	['article-format'] = true,
	['article-url'] = true,
	['article-url-access'] = true,
	['arxiv'] = true,
	['asin'] = true,
	['ASIN'] = true,
	['asin-tld'] = true,
	['ASIN-TLD'] = false,														-- not an identifier but an identifier-modifier
	['at'] = true,
	['author'] = true,
	['author-first'] = true,
	['author-last'] = true,
	['authorlink'] = true,
	['author-link'] = true,
	['authormask'] = true,
	['author-mask'] = true,
	['authors'] = true,
	['bibcode'] = true,
	['bibcode-access'] = true,
	['biorxiv'] = true,
	['booktitle'] = true,
	['book-title'] = true,
	['cartography'] = true,
	['chapter'] = true,
	['chapter-format'] = true,
	['chapterurl'] = true,
	['chapter-url'] = true,
	['chapter-url-access'] = true,
	['citeseerx'] = true,
	['class'] = false,															-- cite arxiv only; general use deprecated
	['collaboration'] = true,
	['conference'] = true,
	['conference-format'] = true,
	['conferenceurl'] = true,
	['conference-url'] = true,
	['contribution'] = true,
	['contribution-format'] = true,
	['contributionurl'] = true,
	['contribution-url'] = true,
	['contributor'] = true,
	['contributor-first'] = true,
	['contributor-last'] = true,
	['contributor-given'] = true,
	['contributor-surname'] = true,
	['contributor-link'] = true,
	['contributor-mask'] = true,
	['credits'] = true,															-- cite episode, cite serial
	['date'] = true,
	['deadurl'] = true,
	['dead-url'] = true,
	['degree'] = true,
	['department'] = true,
	['df'] = true,
	['dictionary'] = true,
	['displayauthors'] = true,
	['display-authors'] = true,
	['displayeditors'] = true,
	['display-editors'] = true,
	['docket'] = true,
	['doi'] = true,
	['DOI'] = true,
	['doi-access'] = true,
	['doi-broken'] = true,
	['doi-broken-date'] = true,
	['doi-inactive-date'] = true,
	['edition'] = true,
	['editor'] = true,
	['editor-first'] = true,
	['editor-given'] = true,
	['editor-last'] = true,
	['editorlink'] = true,
	['editor-link'] = true,
	['editormask'] = true,
	['editor-mask'] = true,
	['editors'] = true,
	['editor-surname'] = true,
	['eissn'] = true,
	['EISSN'] = true,
	['embargo'] = true,
	['encyclopaedia'] = true,
	['encyclopedia'] = true,
	['entry'] = true,
	['entry-format'] = true,
	['entry-url'] = true,
	['entry-url-access'] = true,
	['episode'] = true,															-- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode?
	['episodelink'] = true,														-- cite episode and cite serial
	['episode-link'] = true,													-- cite episode and cite serial
	['eprint'] = true,															-- cite arxiv and arxiv identifiers
	['event'] = true,
	['event-format'] = true,
	['eventurl'] = true,
	['event-url'] = true,
	['first'] = true,
	['format'] = true,
	['given'] = true,
	['hdl'] = true,
	['HDL'] = true,
	['hdl-access'] = true,
	['host'] = true,
	['id'] = true,
	['ID'] = true,
	['ignoreisbnerror'] = true,
	['ignore-isbn-error'] = true,
	['inset'] = true,
	['institution'] = true,
	['interviewer'] = true,
	['interviewer-first'] = true,
	['interviewer-last'] = true,
	['interviewerlink'] = true,
	['interviewer-link'] = true,
	['interviewermask'] = true,
	['interviewer-mask'] = true,
	['interviewers'] = true,
	['isbn'] = true,
	['ISBN'] = true,
	['isbn13'] = true,
	['ISBN13'] = true,
	['ismn'] = true,
	['ISMN'] = true,
	['issn'] = true,
	['ISSN'] = true,
	['issue'] = true,
	['jfm'] = true,
	['JFM'] = true,
	['journal'] = true,
	['jstor'] = true,
	['JSTOR'] = true,
	['jstor-access'] = true,
	['lang'] = true,
	['language'] = true,
	['last'] = true,
	['lastauthoramp'] = true,
	['last-author-amp'] = true,
	['laydate'] = true,
	['lay-date'] = true,
	['laysource'] = true,
	['lay-source'] = true,
	['laysummary'] = true,
	['lay-summary'] = true,
	['lay-format'] = true,
	['layurl'] = true,
	['lay-url'] = true,
	['lccn'] = true,
	['LCCN'] = true,
	['location'] = true,
	['magazine'] = true,
	['mailinglist'] = true,														-- cite mailing list only
	['mailing-list'] = true,													-- cite mailing list only
	['map'] = true,																-- cite map only
	['map-format'] = true,														-- cite map only
	['mapurl'] = true,															-- cite map only
	['map-url'] = true,															-- cite map only
	['medium'] = true,
	['message-id'] = true,														-- cite newsgroup
	['minutes'] = true,
	['mode'] = true,
	['mr'] = true,
	['MR'] = true,
	['name-list-format'] = true,
	['network'] = true,
	['newsgroup'] = true,
	['newspaper'] = true,
	['nocat'] = true,
	['no-cat'] = true,
	['nopp'] = true,
	['no-pp'] = true,
	['notracking'] = true,
	['no-tracking'] = true,
	['number'] = true,
	['oclc'] = true,
	['OCLC'] = true,
	['ol'] = true,
	['OL'] = true,
	['ol-access'] = true,
	['origyear'] = true,
	['orig-year'] = true,
	['osti'] = true,
	['OSTI'] = true,
	['osti-access'] = true,
	['others'] = true,
	['p'] = true,
	['page'] = true,
	['pages'] = true,
	['people'] = true,
	['periodical'] = true,
	['place'] = true,
	['pmc'] = true,
	['PMC'] = true,
	['pmid'] = true,
	['PMID'] = true,
	['postscript'] = true,
	['pp'] = true,
	['publicationdate'] = true,
	['publication-date'] = true,
	['publicationplace'] = true,
	['publication-place'] = true,
	['publisher'] = true,
	['quotation'] = true,
	['quote'] = true,
	['ref'] = true,
	['registration'] = true,
	['rfc'] = true,
	['RFC'] = true,
	['scale'] = true,
	['script-chapter'] = true,
	['script-title'] = true,
	['season'] = true,
	['section'] = true,
	['section-format'] = true,
	['sections'] = true,														-- cite map only
	['sectionurl'] = true,
	['section-url'] = true,
	['section-url-access'] = true,
	['series'] = true,
	['serieslink'] = true,
	['series-link'] = true,
	['seriesno'] = true,
	['series-no'] = true,
	['seriesnumber'] = true,
	['series-number'] = true,
	['series-separator'] = true,
	['sheet'] = true,															-- cite map only
	['sheets'] = true,															-- cite map only
	['ssrn'] = true,
	['SSRN'] = true,
	['station'] = true,
	['subject'] = true,
	['subjectlink'] = true,
	['subject-link'] = true,
	['subscription'] = true,
	['surname'] = true,
	['template-doc-demo'] = true,
	['time'] = true,
	['timecaption'] = true,
	['time-caption'] = true,
	['title'] = true,
	['titlelink'] = true,
	['title-link'] = true,
	['trans-chapter'] = true,
	['trans-map'] = true,
	['transcript'] = true,
	['transcript-format'] = true,
	['transcripturl'] = true,
	['transcript-url'] = true,
	['trans-title'] = true,
	['translator'] = true,
	['translator-first'] = true,
	['translator-last'] = true,
	['translator-given'] = true,
	['translator-surname'] = true,
	['translator-link'] = true,
	['translator-mask'] = true,
	['type'] = true,
	['url'] = true,
	['URL'] = true,
	['url-access'] = true,
	['vauthors'] = true,
	['veditors'] = true,
	['version'] = true,
	['via'] = true,
	['volume'] = true,
	['website'] = true,
	['work'] = true,
	['year'] = true,
	['zbl'] = true,
	['ZBL'] = true,
}

local numbered_arguments = {
	['author#'] = true,
	['author-first#'] = true,
	['author#-first'] = true,
	['author-last#'] = true,
	['author#-last'] = true,
	['author-link#'] = true,
	['author#link'] = true,
	['author#-link'] = true,
	['authorlink#'] = true,
	['author-mask#'] = true,
	['author#mask'] = true,
	['author#-mask'] = true,
	['authormask#'] = true,
	['contributor#'] = true,
	['contributor-first#'] = true,
	['contributor#-first'] = true,
	['contributor-last#'] = true,
	['contributor#-last'] = true,
	['contributor-given#'] = true,
	['contributor#-given'] = true,
	['contributor-surname#'] = true,
	['contributor#-surname'] = true,
	['contributor-link#'] = true,
	['contributor#-link'] = true,
	['contributor-mask#'] = true,
	['contributor#-mask'] = true,
	['editor#'] = true,
	['editor-first#'] = true,
	['editor#-first'] = true,
	['editor#-given'] = true,
	['editor-given#'] = true,
	['editor-last#'] = true,
	['editor#-last'] = true,
	['editor-link#'] = true,
	['editor#link'] = true,
	['editor#-link'] = true,
	['editorlink#'] = true,
	['editor-mask#'] = true,
	['editor#mask'] = true,
	['editor#-mask'] = true,
	['editormask#'] = true,
	['editor#-surname'] = true,
	['editor-surname#'] = true,
	['first#'] = true,
	['given#'] = true,
	['interviewer#'] = true,
	['interviewer-first#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-first'] = true,
	['interviewer-last#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-last'] = true,
	['interviewer-link#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-link'] = true,
	['interviewer-mask#'] = true,
	['interviewer#-mask'] = true,
	['last#'] = true,
	['subject#'] = true,
	['subject-link#'] = true,
	['subject#link'] = true,
	['subject#-link'] = true,
	['subjectlink#'] = true,
	['surname#'] = true,
	['translator#'] = true,
	['translator-first#'] = true,
	['translator#-first'] = true,
	['translator-last#'] = true,
	['translator#-last'] = true,
	['translator-given#'] = true,
	['translator#-given'] = true,
	['translator-surname#'] = true,
	['translator#-surname'] = true,
	['translator-link#'] = true,
	['translator#-link'] = true,
	['translator-mask#'] = true,
	['translator#-mask'] = true,
}

--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E   A R X I V   S U P P O R T E D   P A R A M E T E R S &gt;----------------

Cite arXiv uses the limited set of parameters defined in the limited_basic_arguments and limited_numbered_arguments
tables.  Those lists are supplemented with this list of parameters that are exclusive to cite arXiv but not supported
by other cs1 templates that use the limited parameter set.

Because a steady-state signal conveys no useful information, whitelist.basic_arguments[] list items can have three values:
	true - these parameters are valid and supported parameters
	false - these parameters are deprecated but still supported
	nil - these parameters are no longer supported (when setting a parameter to nil, leave a comment stating the reasons for invalidating the parameter)
	
]]

--[[
This is a list of parameters that once were but now are no longer supported:
	['ARXIV'] = nil,															-- not an initialization
	['version'] = nil,															-- this is the cite arxiv parameter; |version= still supported by other cs1|2 templates

]]

local arxiv_basic_arguments = {
	['arxiv'] = true,															-- cite arxiv and arxiv identifiers
	['class'] = true,															-- cite arxiv only
	['eprint'] = true,															-- cite arxiv and arxiv identifiers
}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E   B I O R X I V   S U P P O R T E D   P A R A M E T E R S &gt;------------

Cite biorxiv uses the limited set of parameters defined in the limited_basic_arguments and limited_numbered_arguments
tables.  Those lists are supplemented with this list of parameters that are exclusive to cite biorxiv but not supported
by other cs1 templates that use the limited parameter set.

Because a steady-state signal conveys no useful information, whitelist.basic_arguments[] list items can have three values:
	true - these parameters are valid and supported parameters
	false - these parameters are deprecated but still supported
	nil - these parameters are no longer supported (when setting a parameter to nil, leave a comment stating the reasons for invalidating the parameter)
	
]]

local biorxiv_basic_arguments = {
	['biorxiv'] = true,
}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E   C I T E S E E R X   S U P P O R T E D   P A R A M E T E R S &gt;--------

Cite citeseerx uses the limited set of parameters defined in the limited_basic_arguments and limited_numbered_arguments
tables.  Those lists are supplemented with this list of parameters that are exclusive to cite citeseerx but not supported
by other cs1 templates that use the limited parameter set.

Because a steady-state signal conveys no useful information, whitelist.basic_arguments[] list items can have three values:
	true - these parameters are valid and supported parameters
	false - these parameters are deprecated but still supported
	nil - these parameters are no longer supported (when setting a parameter to nil, leave a comment stating the reasons for invalidating the parameter)
	
]]

local citeseerx_basic_arguments = {
	['citeseerx'] = true,
}


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I M I T E D   S U P P O R T E D   P A R A M E T E R S &gt;----------------------

This is an experiment that attempts to use validate() and a limited list of valid parameters to validate the
parameters provided in a cite arxiv, cite biorxiv, or cite citeseerx templates.  These parameters are common to
all three templates

Because a steady-state signal conveys no useful information, whitelist.basic_arguments[] list items can have three values:
	true - these parameters are valid and supported parameters
	false - these parameters are deprecated but still supported
	nil - these parameters are no longer supported (when setting a parameter to nil, leave a comment stating the reasons for invalidating the parameter)
	
]]

local limited_basic_arguments = {
	['at'] = true,
	['author'] = true,
	['author-first'] = true,
	['author-last'] = true,
	['authorlink'] = true,
	['author-link'] = true,
	['authormask'] = true,
	['author-mask'] = true,
	['authors'] = true,
	['collaboration'] = true,
	['date'] = true,
	['df'] = true,
	['display-authors'] = true,
	['first'] = true,
	['given'] = true,
	['language'] = true,
	['last'] = true,
	['lastauthoramp'] = true,
	['last-author-amp'] = true,
	['mode'] = true,
	['name-list-format'] = true,
	['nocat'] = true,
	['no-cat'] = true,
	['notracking'] = true,
	['no-tracking'] = true,
	['p'] = true,
	['page'] = true,
	['pages'] = true,
	['postscript'] = true,
	['pp'] = true,
	['quotation'] = true,
	['quote'] = true,
	['ref'] = true,
	['surname'] = true,
	['template-doc-demo'] = true,
	['title'] = true,
	['url'] = true,
	['URL'] = true,
	['vauthors'] = true,
	['year'] = true,
}
local limited_numbered_arguments = {
	['author#'] = true,
	['author-first#'] = true,
	['author#-first'] = true,
	['author-last#'] = true,
	['author#-last'] = true,
	['author-link#'] = true,
	['author#link'] = true,
	['author#-link'] = true,
	['authorlink#'] = true,
	['author-mask#'] = true,
	['author#mask'] = true,
	['author#-mask'] = true,
	['authormask#'] = true,
	['first#'] = true,
	['given#'] = true,
	['last#'] = true,
	['surname#'] = true,
}

return {
	basic_arguments = basic_arguments,
	numbered_arguments = numbered_arguments,
	limited_basic_arguments = limited_basic_arguments,
	limited_numbered_arguments = limited_numbered_arguments,
	arxiv_basic_arguments = arxiv_basic_arguments,
	biorxiv_basic_arguments = biorxiv_basic_arguments,
	citeseerx_basic_arguments = citeseerx_basic_arguments
};</text>
      <sha1>fbkgoeol5z8rcmtcar0vscst74y6eta</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/doc</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4504</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27420</id>
      <timestamp>2019-01-02T00:20:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Anas1712</username>
        <id>903</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>copy from english wiki template</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="536" xml:space="preserve">{{#lst:Module:Citation/CS1/doc|header}}

This page contains a list of all parameters considered by [[Module:Citation/CS1]], though not all parameters would be used for all citations.

The content shown here was initially generated by [[Module:Citation/CS1/Arguments]] but is now maintained by hand to allow parameters to be assigned one of several defined states.  Current states are: active (&lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt;), deprecated (&lt;code&gt;false&lt;/code&gt;), and obsolete (&lt;code&gt;nil&lt;/code&gt;).

{{#lst:Module:Citation/CS1/doc|module_components_table}}</text>
      <sha1>1bp55pxbzmp34hetlhg0h496xk3p5r8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bhutan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4515</id>
    <redirect title="འབྲུག་ཡུལ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27591</id>
      <parentid>27590</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-03-10T10:54:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Billinghurst</username>
        <id>2828</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Protected &quot;[[Bhutan]]&quot; ([Edit=ལེན་པ་གསརཔ་དང་ཐོ་བཀོད་མ་འབད་བའི་ལག་ལེན་པ་ཚུ་ བཀག།] (indefinite) [Move=ལེན་པ་གསརཔ་དང་ཐོ་བཀོད་མ་འབད་བའི་ལག་ལེན་པ་ཚུ་ བཀག།] (indefinite))</comment>
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      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#redirect [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>kqrdalzwmx3puy37lribfjaw4hnydtv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kingdom of Bhutan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4519</id>
    <redirect title="འབྲུག་ཡུལ་" />
    <revision>
      <id>27644</id>
      <timestamp>2019-03-26T10:16:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>113.249.63.95</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirected page to [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]</text>
      <sha1>q7r03l7o8z96lftfo4a041296xpkviw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:User simple</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4526</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27780</id>
      <timestamp>2019-05-06T11:15:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Babel AutoCreate</username>
        <id>5671</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Automatically creating [[Project:Babel|Babel]] category page.</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="75" xml:space="preserve">Users in this category indicate their knowledge of language Simple English.</text>
      <sha1>tiie9xddf3t9xqyg3x3jmsc4oee92qo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Naruhito</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4528</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28733</id>
      <parentid>27798</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-01-19T16:24:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>НСНУ</username>
        <id>8801</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="196" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Crown Prince Naruhito (2018).jpg|250px|thumb|徳仁]]

'''Naruhito''' (16-02-1960) རྒྱལ་པོ [[ཇ་པཱན]]

[[Category:ཇཱ་པཱན]]
[[Category:མི་མང་]]</text>
      <sha1>1dn9muebazfomj8a372wew8r54wyy7n</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Crackhead</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4537</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29256</id>
      <parentid>29250</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-06-04T12:55:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>1234qwer1234qwer4</username>
        <id>4027</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undo revision 29071 by [[Special:Contributions/AljaWiki290702|AljaWiki290702]] ([[User talk:AljaWiki290702|talk]])</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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'''ཉེན་བརྡ:''' ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་ ནང་བསྐྱོད་མ་འབད་བས། ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་ ཨའི་པི་ཁ་བྱང་འདི་ ཤོག་ལེབ་ཀྱི་ཞུན་དག་སྤྱོད་ཤུལ་འདི་ནང་ ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་དེ་བཞག་འོང་།

ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་ ཤོག་ལེབ་ཅིག་ལུ་ ད་ཚུན་མེད་པའི་འབྲེལ་མཐུད་འབད་ཡོདཔ། ཤོག་ལེབ་གསརཔ་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་ འོག་གི་སྒྲོམ་ནང་ ཡིག་དཔར་རྐྱབས་ (བརྡ་དོན་ཁ་གསལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ help page ལུ་བལྟ་)། གལ་སྲིད་འཛོལ་ཏེ་ཡར་སོང་པ་ཅིན་ '''རྒྱབ་''' ཨེབ་རྟ་ལུ་ ཨེབ་གཏང་འབད།</text>
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    <title>འཇམ་དཔལ་དབྱངས་</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;ཨ་ཡིག་དཀར་མཛེས་ལས་འཁྲུངས་ཤེས་བློའི་གཏེར།  །ཕས་རྒོལ་ཝ་སྐྱེས་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="486" xml:space="preserve">ཨ་ཡིག་དཀར་མཛེས་ལས་འཁྲུངས་ཤེས་བློའི་གཏེར།  །ཕས་རྒོལ་ཝ་སྐྱེས་ཟིལ་གནོན་གདོང་ལྔ་བཞིན།  །ཆགས་ཐོགས་ཀུན་བྲལ་མཚུངས་མེད་འཇམ་དབྱངས་མཐུས།  །མ་ཧཱ་མཁས་པའི་གཙོ་བོར་ཉིད་གྱུར་ཅིག།   །།</text>
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    <title>སྐྱིད་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་</title>
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      <timestamp>2021-10-10T15:34:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>-+</comment>
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      <text bytes="5507" xml:space="preserve">སྤ་རོ་སྐྱེར་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་གི་ཆགས་རབས།

སྤ་རོ་སྐྱིད་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ནང་པའི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་ རྙིང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ བྱིན་རླབས་ཅན་ཅིག་སྦེ་ ཆ་བཞག་མི་དེ་ཡང་། དུས་རབས་༧ པའམ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༦༥༩ ལུ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ་གིས་ རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་ཐོག་ལས་ ཉིནམ་གཅིག་ལུ་ གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་བརྒྱ་དང་རྩ་བརྒྱད་ རྨང་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཏེ་བཞེངས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་མི་ མཐའ་འདུལ་གྱི་ གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་ གཅིག་ཨིན་པས། གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་བརྒྱ་དང་རྩ་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་གྲས་ལས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་༢ ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ སྤ་རོ་སྐྱིད་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་ བུམ་ཐང་བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་ཨིན་པས། ལྷ་ཁང་གཞན་༡༠༦ བོད་ལུ་ བཞེངས་ཡོད་པའི་ ལོ་རྒྱུས་འདུག གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ཚུ་ སྤྲུལ་པའི་བཟོ་བོ་༥༠༠ གིས་ བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། མཐའ་འདུལ་གྱི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་དེ་ དེ་བསྒང་བོད་དང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་ གནོདཔ་བཀལ་མི་འདྲེ་སྲིན་ཚུ་ བཏུལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ བཞེངས་ཡོད་པའི་ ལོ་རྒྱུས་འདུག་ཟེར་ཨིནམ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ བདུདམོའི་དོན་ཧིང་དེ་ བོད་ལྷ་ས་ལུ་ གནས་ནི་དེ་གིས་ ལྷ་ས་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་བཞེངས་ནུག་ཟེར་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ལས་ བདུདམོ་གི་སྤུས་མོ་དེ་ བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་ཕོགཔ་ལས་ བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་ རྟིངམ་དེ་ སྤ་རོ་ལུ་ཕོགཔ་ལས་ སྐྱིད་ཆུ་བཞེངས་ནུག་ཟེར་ཨིནམ་ད་ མཐའ་འདུལ་གྱི་ གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ཚུ་གི་ ནང་རྟེན་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཇོ་བོ་གི་ སྐུ་འདྲ་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། སྐྱིད་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་གི་ ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་ཅན་ ཇོ་བོ་ཤཱཀྱ་མུ་ནེ་གི་ སྐུ་འདྲ་དེ་ཡང་ དེ་བསྒང་ གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་བཞེངས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ད་ བུམ་ཐང་བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་གི་ནང་རྟེན་ རྒྱལ་ཚབ་བྱམས་པ་མགོན་པོ་ཡང་ གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ གདན་ས་བཏབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལས་ར་ བཞེངས་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་འདུག། སྐྱིད་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ གཏེར་མ་འདྲཝ་ ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ བཀའ་ཐང་བསྡུས་པའི་ནང་ གསུངས་མི་དང་འཁྲིལཝ་ད་ ལྷོ་ཡི་སྐྱེར་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་༔ ཆོས་དང་ནོར་གྱི་གཏེར་ཞིག་སྦས༔ སྐྱེར་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་གི་གཙོ་བོའི་ཐུགས་ཀན༔ རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་པ་ཏྲ་འཁྱིལ་བ་ཅིག་ཡོད༔ དེའི་འོག་སོར་བཞི་བྲུས་པར་ཟངས་སྦུ་ཅིག་ནཿ རྒྱུད་སྡེ་སྣོད་ཀྱི་འབུམ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་དང་༔ སྡེ་སྣོད་ཀུན་འབྱུང་ཞེས་པ་གཉིས༔ ཤོག་བུ་དྲིལ་བ་ལ་བྲིས་ན་ཡོད་དོ༔གསུངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། སྐྱིད་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་གི་ མིང་ངོ་མ་སྐྱེར་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་ཨིནམ་བཞིན་དུ་ སྤ་གྲོ་ཟེར་མི་དེ་ཡང་ སྒྲ་ཉམས་ཏེ་སྤ་རོ་ཟེར་དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་ཡོདཔ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནི་ཨིན་ནོ།།


[[Category:ནང་པ]]
[[Category:ཡ་ཐོད]]
[[Category:སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
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སྔོན་ བོད་ལས་རྗེ་བཙུན་མི་ལའི་སྐུ་གཅིག་ རྗེ་ངག་དབང་འབྲུག་པའི་གདན་ས་  འཚེམ་རྡོ་མགོན་པ་ཟེར་ ཞུ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་རུང་ དེང་སང་ཁ་སྐད་ཟུར་ཉམས་འདི་མཚམས་བྲག་མགོན་པ་ཟེར་ རྗེ་མི་ལ་འདི་ཁ་བཞུགས་ནི་སྦེ་ ཕྱི་རུ་དགུང་ཞག་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་པའི་ རྡོབ་རྗི་རྫོང་ཡོད་སར་ལུས་སོང་ནུག དེ་ལས་དེའི་ནངས་པ་ ཉི་མའི་རྩེ་དང་མཉམ་ བཞུགས་སུ་གསོལ་ཟེར་ཞུ་པའི་ཚེ་ བཞུགས་མ་ཚུག་པ་ སྤོ་ནི་འབདཝ་ད་ རྗེ་བཙུན་གྱི་ཞལ་ལས་ ལུང་བསྟན་འདི་ནང་ཡོོོད་པའི་སྐོར་ གསུངས་ནུག   ད་ལྟོ་བར་ནང་ཡང་ ཞལ་མཚམས་བྲག་མགོན་པ་ ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་གཟིགས་ས་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོད།  རྡོབ་རྗི་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ཡང་ ཁ་ཟུར་ཉམས་ཡར་སོངཔ་སྦེ་བཤད་ནི་འདུག  ངོ་མ་སྦེ་ཅིན་ རྗེ་བཙུན་གྱི་རྡོག་པའམ་ ཞབས་རྡོ་གུ་བགྲད་འདི་ བཞུགས་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ལུ་རྟེན་  འདི་ཁའི་མཚན་  རྡོག་བགྲད་རྫོང་ཟེར་ ཞུཝ་ཨིན། རྡོག་ཟེར་མི་ ཞེ་སའི་ཐོག་ལས་ཞུ་བའི་བརྡ་དང་ གལ་སྲིད་མ་སྦྱར་བ་ཅིན་  ཆོས་སྐད་ནང་ལས་རྐངམ་ལུ་གོཝ་ཨིན།

[[Category:སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག]]</text>
      <sha1>k6xcfyab4v9h0uojkphtey84ztven4y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཨིང་ལིཤ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4550</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28836</id>
      <parentid>28741</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-02-22T09:05:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>7063</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="335" xml:space="preserve">[[file:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|thumb]]
ཨིང་ལིཤ་ འདི་ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ཨ་མི་རི་ཀ་དང་ གཞན་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་གི་ ཁ་སྐད་ཅིག་ཨིན།

[[Category:བོད་ཡིག]]</text>
      <sha1>oq15mx6hqc7jghlxum8udetiklef6ch</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རིགས་གསུམ་དགོན་པ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4554</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27845</id>
      <timestamp>2019-09-26T07:23:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>119.2.118.106</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Because of importan</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="501" xml:space="preserve">རིགས་གསུམ་དགོན་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་དུས་རབས་༡༨ པའི་ནང་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་༩ པ་ཤཱཀྱ་རིན་ཆེན་གྱི་ཞལ་སློབ་ བླམ་ཚེ་རིང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་གིས་ གདན་ས་ཕྱག་བཏབ་གནང་མི་ བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རིགས་གསུམ་དགོན་པ།</text>
      <sha1>gsapqpgj47grxrxinlij9rk7wfjdswd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:བོད་སྐད</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4558</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27858</id>
      <timestamp>2019-10-04T18:30:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[Category:བོད་ཡིག]] [[Category:བོད]]&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="57" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:བོད་ཡིག]]
[[Category:བོད]]</text>
      <sha1>nv29dt6tr0l8iffi6b03xqp0y8pvy1i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Did you know</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4564</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27939</id>
      <parentid>27938</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-11-02T19:22:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tshering Nidup</username>
        <id>6191</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8600" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;__NOTOC__
{{DYK-Refresh}}

{{DYKqueuenav}}

'''''NOTE:''' Because a preponderance of hooks on the suggestions page are biographies or are U.S. related, it is usually appropriate to have several hooks on biographies or U.S. topics in any given update, but never more than half of either. Further information is available at [[WP:DYKSG#J]]. Thanks.''

''Tips on assembling sets are at [[Wikipedia:Did you know/Preparation areas]].''

==Hooks==
{{DYKbox}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;!--Hooks--&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;dyk-img&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin-left: 0.5em;&quot;&gt;
{{main page image|image=example-serious.jpg|caption=Caption goes here|width=133x150}}&lt;!--See [[Template:Main page image]] for other parameters--&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
* ... ཟེར ''(པར་ཡོདཔ)''
* ... ཟེར།
* ... ཟེར།
* ... ཟེར།
* ... ཟེར
* ... ཟེར།
* ... ཟེར།
* ... ཟེར།
&lt;!--HooksEnd--&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;dyk-footer hlist noprint&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;
* '''[[Wikipedia:Recent additions|Archive]]'''
* '''[[Help:Your first article|Start a new article]]'''
* '''[[Template talk:Did you know|Nominate an article]]'''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;noinclude&gt;
----
See how this template appears on both today's Main Page
{{flatlist}}
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Queue 1)|action=purge}} (Queue 1)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Queue 2)|action=purge}} (Queue 2)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Queue 3)|action=purge}} (Queue 3)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Queue 4)|action=purge}} (Queue 4)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Queue 5)|action=purge}} (Queue 5)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Queue 6)|action=purge}} (Queue 6)]
{{endflatlist}}

{{flatlist}}
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (DYK Prep 1)|action=purge}} (Prep Area 1)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (DYK Prep 2)|action=purge}} (Prep Area 2)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (DYK Prep 3)|action=purge}} (Prep Area 3)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (DYK Prep 4)|action=purge}} (Prep Area 4)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (DYK Prep 5)|action=purge}} (Prep Area 5)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (DYK Prep 6)|action=purge}} (Prep Area 6)]
{{endflatlist}}
... and tomorrow's Main Page
{{flatlist}}
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Tomorrow and Queue 1)|action=purge}} (Queue 1)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Tomorrow and Queue 2)|action=purge}} (Queue 2)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Tomorrow and Queue 3)|action=purge}} (Queue 3)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Tomorrow and Queue 4)|action=purge}} (Queue 4)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Tomorrow and Queue 5)|action=purge}} (Queue 5)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Tomorrow and Queue 6)|action=purge}} (Queue 6)]
{{endflatlist}}
{{flatlist}}
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Tomorrow and DYK Prep 1)|action=purge}} (Prep Area 1)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Tomorrow and DYK Prep 2)|action=purge}} (Prep Area 2)].
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Tomorrow and DYK Prep 3)|action=purge}} (Prep Area 3)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Tomorrow and DYK Prep 4)|action=purge}} (Prep Area 4)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Tomorrow and DYK Prep 5)|action=purge}} (Prep Area 5)]
*[{{fullurl:Wikipedia:Main Page alternative (Tomorrow and DYK Prep 6)|action=purge}} (Prep Area 6)]
{{endflatlist}}
To reset the contents of this page for the next update, copy the empty page from [[Template:Did you know/Clear]].

==Credits==
&lt;div id=&quot;credits&quot;&gt;This space is to credit the creators/nominators of the items in this template that in fact appear on the Main Page. If you replace or remove an item before it appears on the Main Page, please revert the promotion of the hook so its template appears again at [[Template talk:Did you know]]  and add a note to the nomination's template explaining why you removed it.
&lt;!--
******************** Example format ********************
** (Follow this or you WILL break something)
**
** Normal credit:      * {{DYKmake|ArticleName|Editor}}
** Nomination credit:  * {{DYKnom|ArticleName|Nominator}}
**
** Each credit MUST go on a new line
*********************************************************
--&gt;
* {{DYKmake|Example|Editor}}
* {{DYKmake|Example|Editor}}
* {{DYKmake|Example|Editor}}
* {{DYKmake|Example|Editor}}
* {{DYKmake|Example|Editor}}
* {{DYKmake|Example|Editor}}
* {{DYKmake|Example|Editor}}
* {{DYKmake|Example|Editor}}
* {{DYKnom|Example|Nominator}}
&lt;/div&gt;

===Credit templates===
You can also give out credits using the following templates:
*'''Article talk page:''' ''({{tl|DYK talk}})'' {{tlx|DYK talk|{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}|{{CURRENTYEAR}}}} (check if small style templates in use, if so add {{para|small|yes}} parm)
*'''Article creator/expander's talk page:''' ''({{tl|UpdatedDYK}})'' &lt;code&gt;{{tlsp|UpdatedDYK|{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|Article name}}&lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
*'''Nominator's talk page:''' ''({{tl|UpdatedDYKNom}})'' &lt;code&gt;{{tlsp|UpdatedDYKNom|{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|Article name}}&lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
*'''Notify contributor about addition to a [[Wikipedia:Portals|Portal]]:''' (can be modified for more than one portal)&amp;nbsp;– ''({{tl|UpdatedDYKportal}})'' &lt;code&gt;{{tlsp|UpdatedDYKportal|Article name|Portal:Portal name}}&lt;nowiki&gt;--~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;

:Note that portal notifications are only done if you have taken the trouble to add the DYK hook to a relevant portal, which is entirely optional. The other notifications must be done before the preparation area page can be reset.

==Images==
*Don't forget to add an ''{{tl|mprotected}}'' notice to the image description page (or ''{{tl|C-uploaded}}'' '''plus''' a copy of the author attribution and the licence tag if you have uploaded a temporary copy from Commons).
*Alternatively, consider crediting the image file page even if the file is from Commons: &lt;code&gt;{{tlx|DYKfile|{{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}}|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|type=image}}&lt;/code&gt;

==Posting the new update==
*''Note: This is the manual method. When using [[User:DYKUpdateBot|DYKUpdateBot]], the bot should automate all of the following except steps 1 and 10.''

# Make sure the image/media for the [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Template:Did you know/Queue/Next}}|hooks to be loaded]] is on English Wikipedia or protected on Commons. If the image/file is on Commons and not protected, upload it to En and tag it with {{tl|c-uploaded}}. You do not need to protect the picture; this is done automatically because of the [[WP:Cascading protection|cascading protection]] of the Main Page. Alternatively, if you are an admin at Commons you can protect the image/file at Commons instead of uploading to En.
# Update [[T:DYK]] from [[Template:Did you know/Queue/{{Template:Did you know/Queue/Next}}|the current queue]].
# [{{fullurl:Main Page|action=purge}} Purge the cache of the Main Page] to make sure the new entries appear.
# [{{fullurl:Template:Did you know/Next update/Time|action=edit}} Reset] the [[Template:Did you know/Next update/Time|DYK time]].
# Increment the [[Template:Did you know/Queue/Next|next queue count]].
# Copy the [{{fullurl:Template:Did you know|action=history}} ''previous'' set of hooks] (''not'' the new set just promoted to the front page) to [[Wikipedia:Recent additions|the archive]]. Be sure to copy the final revision of the set (should be the last diff on the [[T:DYK]] page before your update). Please include the picture/file.
# Check if the previous picture/file was temporarily uploaded from Commons for display on the Main Page, and delete it from En if so.
# If you have time, please do the credits for the hooks just promoted (see &quot;Credits&quot; section above).
# Clear the queue you just promoted hooks from with {{tlu|User:DYKUpdateBot/REMOVE THIS LINE}}.
# If you have time, check if there are any full preparation areas. Check the hooks for errors, and promote them to the next empty numbered queue if they're good. Clear the prep you took hooks from to look like [[Template:Did you know/Clear|this]]. Tag the numbered queue with {{tlx|DYKbotdo|&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;}} once the queue is loaded and ready.

{{#switch: {{substr|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|0|28}}
| Template:Did you know/Queue/ = {{pp-template}}
| Template:Did you know/Prepar = {{pp-move|small=yes}}
}}

{{template other|{{sandbox other||[[Category:DYK templates for preparing updates]]}}}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>c1kdtc12t89cch6ylxqgedcjusl3toe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Today's featured article/སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༡, ༢༠༡༩</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>4571</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27951</id>
      <timestamp>2019-11-04T11:48:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tshering Nidup</username>
        <id>6191</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-semi-indef}}{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}} {| role=&quot;presentation&quot; | style=&quot;width: 60%; padding: 0.5em 1em; border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; background-color: #E6F2FF; v...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3252" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-semi-indef}}{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot;
| style=&quot;width: 60%; padding: 0.5em 1em; border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; background-color: #E6F2FF; vertical-align: top;&quot;|
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16pt;&quot;&gt;Today's featured article&lt;/span&gt;
[[File:Cscr-featured.svg|left|50px|This star symbolizes the featured content on Wikipedia.]]
Each day, a summary (roughly 975 characters long) of one of Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:featured articles|featured articles]] (FAs) appears at the top of the [[Main Page]] as Today's Featured Article (TFA). The Main Page typically gets around 15 million hits per day.

TFAs are scheduled by the TFA coordinators: {{u|Dank}} (Dan), {{u|Jimfbleak}}, {{u|Ealdgyth}} and {{u|Wehwalt}}. [[WP:TFAA]] displays the current month, with easy navigation to other months. If you notice an error in an upcoming TFA summary, please feel free to [[WP:BEBOLD|fix it yourself]]; if the mistake is in today's or tomorrow's summary, please leave a message at [[WP:ERRORS]] so an administrator can fix it. Articles can be nominated for TFA at the [[WP:TFAR|TFA requests page]], and articles with a date connection within the next year can be suggested at the [[WP:TFAP|TFA pending]] page. Feel free to bring questions and comments to the [[WT:TFA|TFA talk page]], and you can ping all the TFA coordinators by adding {{nowrap|1=&quot;{{tl|@TFA}}&quot;}} in a signed comment on any talk page.

| style=&quot;padding: 0.5em 1em; border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; background-color: #E6F2FF; vertical-align: top;&quot; |
{{shortcut|WP:TFA|WP:TOFA}}
{{fapages}}
|}

&lt;div style=&quot;border: 1px solid #BFB6A3; padding: 0.5em 1em; background-color: #FFFAF0&quot;&gt;
{{TFA navigation|year={{CURRENTYEAR}}}}

{{blockquote|Lector, si monumentum requiris, circumspice.|[[Christopher Wren Jr.]]}}

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=purge}} Purge cache for this page] · [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Main Page|action=purge}} Purge the main page cache]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MainPageBG&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 1em; border: 1px solid #cef2e0; padding: 0.6em; background-color: #f5fffa;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 0.4em; background-color: #cef2e0; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; border: 1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align: left; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Today's featured article&lt;/h2&gt;

{{Wikipedia:Today's featured article/{{#time:F j, Y}}}}
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MainPageBG&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 1em; border: 1px solid #cef2e0; padding: 0.6em; background-color: #f5fffa;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 0.4em; background-color: #cef2e0; font-size: 120%; font-weight:bold; border: 1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align: left; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Tomorrow's featured article&lt;/h2&gt;

{{Wikipedia:Today's featured article/{{tomorrow|long}}}}
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MainPageBG&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 1em; border: 1px solid #cef2e0; padding: 0.6em; background-color: #f5fffa;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 0.4em; background-color: #cef2e0; font-size: 120%; font-weight:bold; border: 1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align: left; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Day-after-tomorrow's featured article&lt;/h2&gt;

{{Wikipedia:Today's featured article/{{tomorrow+1|long}}}}
&lt;/div&gt;

__NOEDITSECTION__
[[Category:Wikipedia Today's featured article| ]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dseadroldzktf39vutnd2z1fcq1v3wg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Today's featured article/སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ། ༣, ༢༠༡༩</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>4572</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27952</id>
      <timestamp>2019-11-04T11:49:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tshering Nidup</username>
        <id>6191</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-semi-indef}}{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}} {| role=&quot;presentation&quot; | style=&quot;width: 60%; padding: 0.5em 1em; border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; background-color: #E6F2FF; v...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3252" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{pp-semi-indef}}{{pp-move-indef|small=yes}}
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot;
| style=&quot;width: 60%; padding: 0.5em 1em; border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; background-color: #E6F2FF; vertical-align: top;&quot;|
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 16pt;&quot;&gt;Today's featured article&lt;/span&gt;
[[File:Cscr-featured.svg|left|50px|This star symbolizes the featured content on Wikipedia.]]
Each day, a summary (roughly 975 characters long) of one of Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:featured articles|featured articles]] (FAs) appears at the top of the [[Main Page]] as Today's Featured Article (TFA). The Main Page typically gets around 15 million hits per day.

TFAs are scheduled by the TFA coordinators: {{u|Dank}} (Dan), {{u|Jimfbleak}}, {{u|Ealdgyth}} and {{u|Wehwalt}}. [[WP:TFAA]] displays the current month, with easy navigation to other months. If you notice an error in an upcoming TFA summary, please feel free to [[WP:BEBOLD|fix it yourself]]; if the mistake is in today's or tomorrow's summary, please leave a message at [[WP:ERRORS]] so an administrator can fix it. Articles can be nominated for TFA at the [[WP:TFAR|TFA requests page]], and articles with a date connection within the next year can be suggested at the [[WP:TFAP|TFA pending]] page. Feel free to bring questions and comments to the [[WT:TFA|TFA talk page]], and you can ping all the TFA coordinators by adding {{nowrap|1=&quot;{{tl|@TFA}}&quot;}} in a signed comment on any talk page.

| style=&quot;padding: 0.5em 1em; border: 1px solid #A3B1BF; background-color: #E6F2FF; vertical-align: top;&quot; |
{{shortcut|WP:TFA|WP:TOFA}}
{{fapages}}
|}

&lt;div style=&quot;border: 1px solid #BFB6A3; padding: 0.5em 1em; background-color: #FFFAF0&quot;&gt;
{{TFA navigation|year={{CURRENTYEAR}}}}

{{blockquote|Lector, si monumentum requiris, circumspice.|[[Christopher Wren Jr.]]}}

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;[{{SERVER}}{{localurl:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{PAGENAME}}|action=purge}} Purge cache for this page] · [{{SERVER}}{{localurl:Main Page|action=purge}} Purge the main page cache]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MainPageBG&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 1em; border: 1px solid #cef2e0; padding: 0.6em; background-color: #f5fffa;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 0.4em; background-color: #cef2e0; font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold; border: 1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align: left; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Today's featured article&lt;/h2&gt;

{{Wikipedia:Today's featured article/{{#time:F j, Y}}}}
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MainPageBG&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 1em; border: 1px solid #cef2e0; padding: 0.6em; background-color: #f5fffa;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 0.4em; background-color: #cef2e0; font-size: 120%; font-weight:bold; border: 1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align: left; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Tomorrow's featured article&lt;/h2&gt;

{{Wikipedia:Today's featured article/{{tomorrow|long}}}}
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MainPageBG&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 1em; border: 1px solid #cef2e0; padding: 0.6em; background-color: #f5fffa;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;margin: 0 0 0.4em; background-color: #cef2e0; font-size: 120%; font-weight:bold; border: 1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align: left; padding: 0.2em 0.4em;&quot;&gt;Day-after-tomorrow's featured article&lt;/h2&gt;

{{Wikipedia:Today's featured article/{{tomorrow+1|long}}}}
&lt;/div&gt;

__NOEDITSECTION__
[[Category:Wikipedia Today's featured article| ]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:POTD protected/༢༠༡༩-༡༡-༡༢</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4573</id>
    <revision>
      <id>27979</id>
      <timestamp>2019-11-16T15:17:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tshering Nidup</username>
        <id>6191</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot; {| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;margin:0 3px 3px; width:100%; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:left; background-color:transparent; border-collapse:collapse; &quot; |&quot;</comment>
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{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;margin:0 3px 3px; width:100%; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:left; background-color:transparent; border-collapse:collapse; &quot;
|</text>
      <sha1>npmz6n21p9tglnc7rf0ira6c0aailfw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Monte Aguila</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4586</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28734</id>
      <parentid>27999</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-01-19T16:25:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>НСНУ</username>
        <id>8801</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="227" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Inauguracion Nueva Plaza de Monte Aguila 2017 (12).jpg|thumb|288x288px|Monte Aguila, [[ཅི་ལེ]]]]
'''Monte Aguila''' is a city of [[ཅི་ལེ]]
[[Category:ཅི་ལེ]]
[[Category:གྲོང་􀮣]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Template:སྐད་རིགས་གཞན</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4588</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28024</id>
      <parentid>28023</parentid>
      <timestamp>2019-12-09T10:56:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tshering Nidup</username>
        <id>6191</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2686" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- Note: This section will be regularly modified to keep it approximately the same size as Template:Wikipedia's sister projects. --&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;lang&quot; class=&quot;nowraplinks nourlexpansion plainlinks&quot;&gt;
{{#ifeq: {{FULLPAGENAME}} | Special:Statistics
| &lt;!-- Do not show count on Special:Statistics. --&gt;
| This Wikipedia is written in [[English language|English]]. Started in {{Start date|2001}}, it currently contains [[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles.&amp;#32;}}
Many other Wikipedias are available; some of the largest are listed below.
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;lang-3&quot;&gt;More than 1,000,000 articles: &lt;div class=&quot;hlist inline&quot;&gt;
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|ar}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|de}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|es}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|fr}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|it}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|nl}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|ja}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|pl}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|pt}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|ru}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|sv}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|vi}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|zh}}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;lang-2&quot;&gt;More than 250,000 articles: &lt;div class=&quot;hlist inline&quot;&gt;
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|id}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|ms}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|bg}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|ca}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|cs}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|da}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|eo}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|eu}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|fa}}&amp;lrm;&lt;!--left-to-right mark needed between consecutive right-to-left languages--&gt;
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|he}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|ko}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|hu}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|no}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|ro}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|sr}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|sh}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|fi}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|tr}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|uk}}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;lang-1&quot;&gt;More than 50,000 articles: &lt;div class=&quot;hlist inline&quot;&gt;
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|bs}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|et}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|el}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|simple}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|gl}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|hr}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|lv}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|lt}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|ml}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|nn}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|sk}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|sl}}
* {{Wikipedia languages/core|th}}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;metalink&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;[[meta:List of Wikipedias|Complete list of Wikipedias]]&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;

{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>གཞུང་གི་གྲྭ་ཚང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4653</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28317</id>
      <timestamp>2021-01-13T08:23:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>195.221.155.10</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;ཉེན་བརྡ: ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་ ནང་བསྐྱོད་མ་འབད་བས། ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་ ཨའི་པི་ཁ་བྱ...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="373" xml:space="preserve">ཉེན་བརྡ: ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་ ནང་བསྐྱོད་མ་འབད་བས། ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་ ཨའི་པི་ཁ་བྱང་འདི་ ཤོག་ལེབ་ཀྱི་ཞུན་དག་སྤྱོད་ཤུལ་འདི་ནང་ ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་དེ་བཞག་འོང་།</text>
      <sha1>3go6dsha3kxjanorihtjl62lgwqzyxv</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ཀོ་བིཊ་༡༩</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4657</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29182</id>
      <parentid>28384</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-04-16T05:46:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᐃᓄ</username>
        <id>8978</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1106" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Fphar-11-00937-g001.jpg|thumb|ཀོ་བིཊ་༡༩]]

'''ཀོ་བིཊ་༡༩'''('''COVID-19''') 

==[[འབྲུག་ཡུལ་]]ཀོ་ཝིཊ་༡༩ གི་བརྡ་དོན།==
*༨༥༩འཐོབ་མི།

*༡༧ཡོད་མི།

*༨༤༡དྲག་མི།

*༡ཤི་རྐྱེན།

==བཀག་ཐབས།==
*འཕྲལ་འཕྲལ་ར་ལགཔ་འཁྱུ།

*ཁ་རས་རྐྱབ།

*བར་ན་ས་སྟོང་བཞག།

*འཚོ་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ཤོམ།

*ཁྱིམ་ནང་སྡོད།

==ཀོ་ཝིཌ་-༡༩ གི་ནད་རྟགས།==
*གློ་འཁོག་ནི། 

*དྲོད་འབར་རྐྱབ་ནི། 

*འུ་སྡུག་ནི། 

*བྱོ་ལྷ་དང་དྲིམ་མི་ཚོར་ནི། 

*མགུ་ཏོ་ན་ནི། 

*ལྐོདམ་ན་ནི།

*ཁ་ལས་བསྐྱུག་ནི། 

*དབུགས་མགྱོགས་པར་ལེན་ནི།</text>
      <sha1>mk2ppzjt6bzwo9oaayu096790kizkdd</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ཧོང་ཀོང</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4662</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28424</id>
      <parentid>28401</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-05-15T14:26:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>оформление</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1195" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; width=&quot;300px&quot;
|+ &lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;'''ཧོང་ཀོང་།'''&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg|125px|དར་ཆ།]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Regional Emblem of Hong Kong.svg|111px|རྒྱལ་རྟགས།]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2|[[File:China_Hong_Kong_4_levels_localisation.svg|right|thumb|300px|]]
|-
| 香港特別行政區 
|-
| 香港特別行政區
|-
|-
|-
| རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག &lt;br /&gt; ས་ཁུལ་རིམ་པའི་སྐད་ཡིག། || རྒྱ་ཡིག་་&lt;br/&gt; དབྱིན་ཡིག་དང་ རྒྱ་ཡིག་
|-
| རྒྱལ་ས།|| ཧོང་ཀོང་
|-
| སྲིད་གཞུང་། || དམངས་གཙོ་རིང་ལུགས། 
|-
|}

'''ཧོང་ཀོང'''– ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ 香港 Kong Kong


{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མ་ཀའོ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4663</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28425</id>
      <parentid>28402</parentid>
      <timestamp>2021-05-15T14:27:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Impro</username>
        <id>1635</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>оформление</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1144" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; width=&quot;300px&quot;
|+ &lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;'''མ་ཀའོ'''&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2 |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Flag of Macau.svg|125px|དར་ཆ།]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot; | [[File:Regional Emblem of Macau.svg|111px|རྒྱལ་རྟགས།]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2|[[File:Macau_locator_map.svg|right|thumb|300px|]]
|-
| 澳門特別行政區 
|-
| 澳門特別行政區
|-
|-
|-
| རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག &lt;br /&gt; ས་ཁུལ་རིམ་པའི་སྐད་ཡིག། || རྒྱ་ཡིག་་&lt;br/&gt; དབྱིན་ཡིག་དང་ རྒྱ་ཡིག་
|-
| རྒྱལ་ས།|| ཧོང་ཀོང་
|-
| སྲིད་གཞུང་། || དམངས་གཙོ་རིང་ལུགས། 
|-
|}

'''མ་ཀའོ''' – ཀྲུང་ཧྭ་མི་དམངས་སྤྱི་མཐུན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ 澳門 Macau


{{Asia}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]</text>
      <sha1>jvmvd5n7z552z8t3du6nrskbdvpabtc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Category:བྱའི་རིགས་ཅིག</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>4665</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28406</id>
      <timestamp>2021-04-28T06:00:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>2A00:23C6:3704:D301:F4D4:C2F2:4C52:F8F9</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Commons|Category:Turkey}}  [[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]] [[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]] [[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="148" xml:space="preserve">{{Commons|Category:Turkey}}

[[Category:རྒྱལ་ཁབ]]
[[Category:ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ]]
[[Category:ཡོ་རོབ་གླིང་]]</text>
      <sha1>0s958b4079bxjipclu4kzhlvkvjzloc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་དར་</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4668</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28416</id>
      <timestamp>2021-05-01T22:20:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>119.2.125.200</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot; == རྒྱལ་དར། == ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་ཡོད་པའ...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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== རྒྱལ་དར། ==
ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་མིན་འདུག ། འདི་ང་བཅས་དུས་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་པའི་ནང་གི་བསྒྱུར་བ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དུས་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་པའི་ནང་ ཡར་སྟོད་ལས་རྒྱ་ནག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ འདི་ཡང་འགྱུར་བ་ཆགས། སྨད་ལས་རྒྱ་གར་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ འདི་ཡང་འགྱུར་བ་ཆགས། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་རང་སོ་སོའི་རྒྱལ་ལུགས་ རྒྱལ་དར་ རྒྱལ་རྟགས་ཚུ་ བཟོ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཁོང་སྟོབས་ཅན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྦུག་ལུ་ ང་བཅས་ནཱ་ཡང་ ཅོག་ཅིགཔ་སྦེ་བསྒྱུར་བ་བཏང་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག །

དེ་ཡང་ས་སྐྱོང་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ་ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་གི་བཀའ་ལྟར་དུ་ དང་པ་རང་ནང་པའི་རིག་པའི་གནས་ལྔ་ལུ་མཁས་ཤོས་ ད་ལི་ན་སློབ་དཔོན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་དང་ དྲག་ཤོས་ཤིང་ཁ་བླམ་ དྲག་ཤོས་ཨ་ཁུ་བཀྲོང་མི་ ཁོང་ཕུལ་དུ་ཕྱིན་པའི་མཁས་པ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ ཕྲི་སྣོན་སྲེ་གསུམ་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ལུགས་འདི་བརྩམས་གནང་ནུག ། མཐའ་མེད་མཐའ་དཔྱོད་གྲུབ་འབྲས་འདི་ ཚིགས་རྐང་དྲུག་ལུ་ ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ ཁོ་ར་གིས་གཏན་ཕེབས་གནང་ནུག ། ཚིགས་བཅད་འདི་འབད་བ་ཅིན་་་

འབྲུག་ཙན་དན་བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་།།

དཔལ་ལུགས་གཉིས་བསྟན་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་བའི་མགོན།།

འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།།

སྐུ་འགྱུར་མེད་བརྟན་ཅིང་ཆབ་སྲིད་འཕེལ།།

ཆོས་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས།།

འབངས་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཉི་མ་ཤར་བར་ཤོག།

རྒྱལ་ལུགས་གཏན་ཕེབས་གནང་ཚརཝ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ལུགས་འདི་གིས་མཚོན་པའི་ རྒྱལ་དར་ཡང་བཟོ་དགོཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་སྐལ་བཟང་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་མཆེད་ ཨ་ནུ་ལྷ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་བཟོ་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན་ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་འདུག ། འདི་ཡང་ག་དེ་འབད་བཟོ་ནུག་དགོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ ཚོན་མདོག་སེར་པོ་ ཚོན་མདོག་དམར་པོ་ སྦུག་ན་འབྲུག་དཀར་པོ་གཅིག ། མཚོན་སྲོལ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སེར་པོ་འདི་གིས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མཚོན། དམར་པོ་འདི་ བླམ་ཆོསཔ་ཚུ་མཚོན། འབྲུག་འདི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་མཚོན་སྦེ་ དཔེར་ན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ། །སྐུ་འགྱུར་མེད་བརྟན་ཅིང་ཆབ་སྲིད་འཕེལ། །ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སེར་པོ་འདི་གིས་མཚོན་ ཆོས་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས།། ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ཚོན་མདོག་དམར་པོ་འདི་གིས་མཚོན་ འབངས་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཉི་མ་ཤར་བར་ཤོག། ཟེར་མི་འདི་ འབྲུག་དཀར་པོ་འདི་གིས་མཚོན། འབྲུག་འདི་སྐད་གྲགས་ཆེ་དྲགས། འབྲུག་དཀར་པོ་འདི་ ནད་དང་མུ་གེ་ཞི་བ། འབྲུག་གི་ལག་པ་ནོརབུ་འཆང་མི་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་འབྱོར་ལྡན་ཕྱུགཔོ་འཆང་ནི་ནོར་བུ་ཨིན།

ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་གྲུ་བཞི་སྦེ་བཟོ་བཟོཝ་མས་ དེ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་མི་ཆ་ཁྱབ་ག་ར་ རིངམོ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ལུ་ འདི་གུ་དཔེ་བླངས་ཏེ་རིངམོ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག ། དེ་ལས་ཚོན་མདོག་དམརཔོ་འདི་ཡང་ ལི་ཝང་ལུ་བཟོ་གནང་ཞིན་ན་ སེརཔོ་འདི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་དང་ ལི་ཝང་འདི་བློན་པོ་ལུ་མཚོན། ཆོས་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ སེརཔོ་འདི་རྗེ་མཁན་པོ་དང་ ལི་ཝང་འདི་བླ་སློབ་ལུ་མཚོན། དེ་ལས་འབྲུག་དཀརཔོ་འདི་ མི་སེར་བུ་དང་བུ་མོ་ཚུ་ལུ་མཚོནམ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ།

ས་སྐྱོང་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ་ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ དམག་སྡེ་དང་ སློབ་གྲྭ་གསརཔ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་བཙུགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཡར་རྒྱ་ནག་ལུ་འབད་རུང་ མར་རྒྱ་གར་ལུ་འབད་རུང་ དམག་གྱལ་ཐིག་རེ་བསྒྲིགས་པ་ཅིན་ དང་པ་རྒྱལ་ལུགས་འདི་བཏང་ རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་འཕྱར་ མི་ཚུ་གིས་གུས་ཞབས་འབད། དེ་བཟུམ་འབད་རང་ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མཛད་རིམ་ ག་ཅི་འབད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ལུགས་འདི་བཏང་ རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་འཕྱརཝ་ད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ འདི་ཚུ་ག་ར་ལུ་ཤ་ཞེན་བསྐྱེད་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེ་བས།

དུས་ནམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་དར་རལ་རལཝ་འཕྱར་ནི་དང་ ད་རུང་མར་ལས་ཤིང་འབྲས་བསྡམ་ནི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་བཟོ་བ་ཅིན་ མི་འདི་བསོད་ནམས་ར་ཟད་ཚརཝ་ཨིན། རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ས་གཙང་བཞག་དགོ་ རལ་རལཝ་མི་བཏུབ་ གུས་ཞབས་འབད་དགོ་ཟེར་གསུང་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་མཛད་པ་ཅིན་ བུ་དང་བུ་མོ་རེ་རེ་ཞིན་དུ་བསོད་ནམས་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་འོང་། རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ལུ་ འ་ནཱིམ་ཅིག་གནོདཔ་ཅན་དང་ མེདཔ་བཏང་པ་ཅིན་ བསོད་ནམས་ཡང་དམའ་བཀྲག་འགྱོ་འོང་། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་འཕྱར་བའི་སྐབས་ ང་གིས་ངེ་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་འདི་ལུ་ གུས་བཀུར་འབད་དགོ ། ངེ་གི་ཆོས་འདི་ལུ་གུས་བཀུར་འབད་དགོ ། ངེ་གི་ཆ་རོགས་འབྲུག་དཀརཔོ་འདི་ལུ་གུས་བཀུར་འབད་དགོ་ཟེར་བསམ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་སྦེ་འབད་ཡར་སོང་པ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་ བློན་པོ་ བླ་ཆོསཔ་ མི་སེར་ག་ར་ སེམས་ལུ་འབབ་འོང་ཟེར་ཞུ་ཨིན།</text>
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ས་སྐྱོང་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ་ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ གནམ་ལོ་ཆུ་འབྲུག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༥༢ ལོ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་སྟེང་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུས། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༥༣ ལས་ བདེ་ཆེན་ཆོས་གླིང་ན་ལུ་ཕོ་བྲང་བཞེངས། ཐིམ་ཕུ་ལུ་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་དུས་སྐབས་སུ་ རྒྱལ་མགྲོན་འཕྲིན་ལས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཡར་སྟོད་ལས་རྒྱ་ནག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ སྨད་ལས་རྒྱ་གར་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་དང་གཞན་ག་ར་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་རང་སོ་སོའི་རྒྱལ་ལུགས་འདུག ། ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལེ་ཤ་བྱོན་ཡོད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་མིན་འདུག་ཟེར་བའི་གྲོས་འཆར་ཚུ་ཡང་ཡང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ལས། མཐའ་མ་ཐུགས་ཐག་བཅད་གནང་སྟེ་ ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་ཞུཝ་ད་ འདི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་དགོཔ་ངེས་བརྟན་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཚིག་འདི་ཕལ་སྐད་སྦེ་ མི་སེར་མི་ནགཔ་ཀུན་གྱིས་ཧ་གོ་ཚུགསཔ་སྦེ་ བརྩམས་དགོས་པའི་བཀའ་གནང་ནུག །

དེ་བསྒང་ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ཀུན་ལ་མཁས་དང་གྲུབ་པའི་སློབ་དཔོན་ སྒྲ་སློབ་ཐུབ་བསྟན་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལུ་སྒྲ་སློབ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་ཡང་ཞུཝ་ཨིན་མས། སྒྲ་སློབ་མཆོག་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་གི་རྩ་ཚིག་ གསར་རྩོམ་མཛད་དགོས་པའི་སྐུལ་མ་ལྷོདཔ་དང་འདྲེས་ཏེ་ དང་པོ་ཚིག་རྐང་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ བརྟན་བཞུགས་གསར་རྩོམ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག ། དེ་ཡང་།

ལྷོ་ཙན་དན་བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་།། ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་སྐྱོང་བའི་མགོན།། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།། སྐུ་འགྱུར་མེད་ཞབས་པད་བརྟན་པར་ཤོག །

ཐུགས་དགོངས་པའི་ཤེས་རབ་འཕེལ་འཕེལ་ནས།། ལུགས་ཆོས་སྲིད་འཕྲིན་ལས་གོང་དུ་འཕེལ།། དཔལ་མངའ་ཐང་དགུང་དང་མཉམ་ནས་ཀྱང་།། འབངས་མི་སེར་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས་པར་ཤོག །

དཔོན་ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདིར།། ཆོས་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་རྒྱས་རྒྱས་ནས།། ནད་མུ་གེ་འཁྲུགས་རྩོད་དབྱིངས་སུ་ཡལ།། བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་ཤར་བར་ཤོག །

ཟེར་བའི་ཚིགས་བཅད་དེ་ཨིན། ཚིག་རྐང་འདི་དུམ་གྲ་མང་སོང་བ་ལས་ མི་རང་གར་གྱི་བསམ་འཆར། བརྙན་ཐུང་ཅིག་ན་ མཁན་རྟ་མགྲིན་སྲིད་ཐུབ་མཆོག་གིས། ས་སྐྱོང་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་པོ་འདི་ཚུ་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཀྱི་རིག་རྩལ་ཆེཝ་ལས་ ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ ཁོ་ར་ལས་གཙོས་པའི་ ཚོགས་ཆུང་ཅིག་བཟོ་ཐོག་ལས་ འཕྲི་སྣོན་སྲེ་གསུམ་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་མཐའ་མེད་མཐའ་དཔྱོད་གྲུབ་འབྲས་འདི་ ཚིག་རྐང་དྲུག་ལུ་ ཁོ་ར་གིས་གཏན་ཕེབས་གནང་ནུག་ཟེར་གསུངས་ས་མཇལ་ཡི་ལགས། ད་རེས་མི་སེར་ཆེ་འབྲིང་ཆུང་གསུམ་ཀུན་གྱི་སྤྱན་ལམ་དུ་སྣང་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་འདི་འབད་བ་ཅིན།

འབྲུག་ཙན་དན་བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་།། དཔལ་ལུགས་གཉིས་བསྟན་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་བའི་མགོན།། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།། སྐུ་འགྱུར་མེད་བརྟན་ཅིང་ཆབ་སྲིད་འཕེལ།། ཆོས་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཤིང་རྒྱས།། འབངས་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཉི་མ་ཤར་བར་ཤོག།

ཟེར་མི་དེ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་གདངས་བཟུམ་ཅི་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཐིམ་ཕུ་གཟིམ་དཔོན་ཇོའུ་ཅུ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཞིང་གཤེགས་པ་དམ་པ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་སྙན་འབུལ་ཞུ་སྟེ། ཁྲི་མཉམ་པ་མེད་པ་པདྨའི་ཁྲི། །ཟེར་བའི་གཞུང་སྒྲའི་གདངས་དབྱངས་ལུ་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ དེ་བསྒང་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཞི་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་སྲོལ་ཞུས་སྐབས་ཀྱི་གདངས་དབྱངས་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ དེ་གུ་འགབ་པ་ཅིན་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཡང་ལེགས་པས། ཡུན་དུ་ཡང་དེ་གིས་བརྟན་ནི་ཨིན་སྦེ། རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཟེར་བའི་སྐྱེས་བུ་འདི་ ཨུ་རྒྱན་མཧཱ་གུ་རུ་སྐུ་དངོས་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཁོ་ལུ་འཕུལ་ཡོད་པའི་གདངས་ལུ་འགབ་པ་ཅིན་ག་དེ་སྦེ་འཚམ་ག་ཟེར་བའི་སྙན་འབུལ་ཞུ་བའི་ཚེ། དེ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཨིན་མས་ཟེར་བཀའ་གྲོལ་ཏེ་ གདངས་འདི་་སྙན་ཆའི་ཐོག་ཏུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ དྲག་ཤོས་ཨ་ཁུ་བཀྲོངས་མི་མཆོག་གིས་བཟོ་གནང་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཆ་འཇོག་བསྒྲུབས་ནུག །ཅེས་པ་དེ་ཡང་གཞི་གཙོ་བོར་འབྲུག་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་གི་གསུང་བཤད་ལས་བཤུས་པ་ལགས་སོ།།

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== ཞིབ་འཚོལ་གྱི་རྒྱབ་ཁུངས། == 

འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྐད་ཡིག་རྫོང་ཁའི་ཡིག་གཟུགས་འདི་མགྱོགས་ཡིག་ར་ཨིན་ཟེར་ཆ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན། མགྱོགས་ཡིག་འདི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཡིག་གཟུགས་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞག་མི་འདི་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་བརྩམས་སུ་འདི་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ར་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་རྒྱབ་བརྟེན་དཔེ་དེབ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ནང་ལས་ར་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་འདི་འབྲུག་ལུ་ར་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ ལག་ལེན་ཡང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ར་འཐབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན། ད་རེས་ཀྱི་མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་ཞིབ་བཅུད་མདོར་བསྡུས་ཅིག་ཕུལ་མི་འདི་ རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཐེངས་༢༦ པའི་ནང་མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ལས་ སྙན་ཞུ་ཅིག་ཕུལ་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་སྐོར་ལས་གནས་ཚུལ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་བསྡུ་སྒྲིག་འབད་དེ་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཆ་ཚང་ཅིག་བསྡུ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཕན་པ་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ཨིན། 
མ་འོངས་པའི་ནང་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་མཐིལ་ཕྱིན་ཅིག་འབད་དགོཔ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ད་རེས་ཀྱི་སྙན་ཞུའི་ནང་ འབྲུག་ནང་འཁོད་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བཞུགས་མི་ ཤེས་ཡོན་ཅན་དང་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་སྐོར་ལས་བྲིས་ཡོད་མིའི་གནས་ཚུལ་དང་དཔེ་དེབ་ཚུ་ལས་ཁུངས་གཏུགས་འབད་དེ་བྲིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དཔེ་དེབ་དང་། གནས་ཚུལ། མི་ངོམ་ཚུ་གི་ཐོ་ཅིག་ རྒྱབ་བརྟེན་གྱི་གྲངས་སུ་བཙུགས་ཡོད།
ཞིབ་འཚོལ་འདི་ རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ལས་ འགོ་དཔོན་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་སྦེ་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ ཞིབ་བཅུད་འོག་ལུ་ཕུལ་ཡོད།

== མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་བྱུང་རབས། ==
འབྲུག་གི་མགྱོགས་ཡིག་འདི་ མང་ཤོས་ཀྱིས་ར་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གི་སློབ་མ་ རྗེ་འབངས་༢༥ འི་གྲལ་ལས་ ལྡན་མ་རྩེ་མང་གིས་བརྩམས་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན་མས། ད་ཚུན་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་སྐོར་ལས་བྲིས་མི་དག་པ་རེ་འཐོན་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཁོང་ཚུ་གིས་བྲིས་མིའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་མདོར་བསྡུས་རེ་ འོག་ལུ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོད། 
དེ་ཡང་ [https://booknese.com/author/dasho-sangay-dorji དྲག་ཤོས་སངས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ་] གིས་བྲིས་མིའི་ནང་ དུས་རབས་༨ སྤྱི་ལོ་༧༠༠-༨༠༠ འི་ལོ་གྲངས་ལས་ཕར་ བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་བཞུགས་མི་ རྒྱལ་པོ་སིནྡྷུ་ར་ཛ་ མིང་གཞན་ཡང་ ལྕགས་མཁར་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཟེར་ཞུ་མི་འདི་གིས་ བོད་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཁྲི་སྲོང་ལྡེའུ་བཙན་གྱིས་ བསམ་ཡས་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ནང་ བཀའ་འགྱུར་བསྟན་འགྱུར་ཚུ་ འབྲི་ནིའི་ཤོག་གུ་ཚུ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ཕུལ་བའི་དྲིན་ལན་ལུ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཁྲི་སྲོང་ལྡེའུ་བཙན་གྱི་བཀའ་བཞིན་ གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སམྦྷ་ཝ་མཚན་གཞན་ཡང་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཟེར་ཞུ་མི་འདི་ བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་ལོག་བྱོནམ་ད་ ཆོས་གསུང་མི་ཚུ་ཡིག་ཐོག་ཕབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལྡན་མ་རྩེ་མང་ཡང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་འོང་ནུག དེ་བསྒང་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་བྱོན་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་པོ་སིནྡྷུ་ར་ཛ་དང་ གདུལ་བྱ་ཚུ་ལུ་ རྫོགས་ཆེན་གསལ་བའི་མེ་ལོང་གི་ཆོས་འཁོར་བསྐོར་གནང་ནུག དེ་བསྒང་གི་ཆོས་བསྐོར་འདི་ ལྡན་མ་རྩེ་མང་ལུ་འབྲི་བཅུག་ནུག ལྡན་མ་རྩེ་མང་གིས་ཆོས་སྐོར་དང་ སིནྡྷུ་ར་ཛའི་རྣམ་ཐར་གཉིས་ སྐུ་རྗེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་བརྩེགས་པའི་བྲག་ལུ་གཏེར་སྦེ་སྦ་བཞག་མི་འདི་ ཤུལ་མ་ ལྡན་མ་རྩེ་མང་གི་ སྤྲུལ་པ་གཏེར་སྟོན་ཨོ་རྒྱན་བཟང་པོ་ཟེར་མི་གིས་ གཏེར་བཞེས་ནི་དང་ སྐུ་རྗེས་ལྷ་ཁང་བཞེངས་ནིའི་ལུང་བསྟན་ཚུ་གུ་རུ་གིས་གནང་བཞག་ནུགལྡན་མ་རྩེ་མང་གིས་དེ་བསྒང་ ལྷོ་ཡིག་ཟེར་མི་འདི་གསར་བརྩམས་མཛད་དེ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་འདུག

ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་བྲིས་མིའི་ནང་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་ལན་ཐེངས་༢ པ་བྱོན་པའི་སྐབས་ ལྡན་མ་རྩེ་མང་ཡང་འོང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཁོ་གིས་བརྩམས་མི་ ལྷོ་ཡིག་འདི་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་མེན་པར་ མགྱོགས་ཚུགསམ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བྲིས་ཏེ་འདུག ལྡན་མ་རྩེ་མང་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ཡི་གུ་ལུ་མཁས་པ་ཡོད་མི་ རིམ་པར་བརྒྱུད་དེ་འོང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཁས་པའི་མི་ལེ་ཤ་ར་འཐོན་ནུག འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡི་གུ་ཧམ་པ་བདུན་དེ་ཅིག་དར་ཏེ་འདུག ཡི་གུ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཚུགས་ཡིག་ཡང་ན་དབུ་ཅན། ལྷོ་ཡིག་མགྱོགས་ཚུགས་མ། ལྷོ་ཡིག་མགྱོགས་ཡིག ལཉྫ། ཝརྟུ། དབུ་མེད། དབུ་མེད་ཚུགས་རིང་བཅས་བདུན་ཨིན་པས། མཁས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ ཡི་གུ་མགྱོགས་པར་མགྱོགས་པར་བྲིས་དགོཔ་བྱུང་པའི་སྐབས་ མགྱོགས་ཚུགས་མ་འདི་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་བཟོ་རྣམ་ལུ་གྱུར་ཏེ་བྲིས་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཤད་དེ་འདུག

[https://twotruths.org/khenpo-phuntshok-tashi/ མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་] ཀྱིས་བྲིས་མིའི་ནང་ ནང་པའི་ཐོ་དང་འཁྲིལཔ་ད་ཧེ་མ་ལས་ར་ སྐད་རིགས་༣༦༠ དང་ཡིག་རིགས་༦༤ ཙམ་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་ཡང་ ཡིག་རིགས་ཚུ་གི་གྲངས་སུ་ཡོད་པའི་དོགས་པ་འདུག དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལྡན་མ་རྩེ་མང་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་བརྩམས་ཡོདཔ་མེན་པར་ ཁོ་གིས་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་ཆོས་གནང་མི་ཚུ་དང་ ལོ་རྒྱུས་བྲིས་མི་ཚུ་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་ནང་སྦེ་བྲིས་ཡོདཔ་མ༌ཚད༌ ཁོ༌རང༌ཡང༌ཡིག༌རིགས་༦༤ གི་ནང་མཁས་དྲགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ དེ་བསྒང་ལྷོ་ཡིག་ནང་སྦེ་བྲིས་བཞགཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཡི་གུ་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ གཏེར་སྦེ་སྦ་བཞག་མི་ཚུ་ ཤུལ་ལས་ ཁོ་རའི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ གཏེར་སྟོན་ཨོ་རྒྱན་བཟང་པོ་གིས་གཏེར་བཞེས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་བསྒང་ལྡན་མ་རྩེ་མང་གིས་ ལྷོ་ཡིག་གམ་མོན་ཡིག་འདི་ བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་འབྲི་ནིའི་སྲོལ་བཙུགསཔ་ལས་ དར་ཁྱབ་སྦོམ་སོང་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་འདུག

མགྱོགས་ཡིག་འདི་ འབྲུག་ལུ་མ་གཏོགས་ས་ཁོངས་གཞན་ཚུ་ནང་འབྲི་སྲོལ་མེདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཧེ་མའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་ལུ་གཞི་བཞག་བལྟཝ་ད་ཡང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་མ་གཏོགས་གཞན་ཁར་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྲོལ་མེདཔ་སྦེ་མཇལཝ་ཨིན་པས། མགྱོགས་ཡིག་འདི་ བོདཔ་ཚུ་གིས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ས་ཕྱོགས་ལྷོ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ཡོངས་གྲགས་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ལྷོ་ཡིག་ཟེར་མིང་བཏགས་ནུགདེ་བསྒང་འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་ ཆོས་དང་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་བོད་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ འབྲེལ་བ་ལེ་ཤ་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བོད་ལུ་ཡི་གུ་བྲིས་བཏང་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ བོདཔ་ཚུ་གིས་མགྱོགས་ཡིག་ལྷག་མ་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་ བོད་ལུ་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཡོད་པའི་ དབུ་མེད་ཀྱི་ཡི་གུ་ནང་སྦེ་བྲིས་བཏང་སྲོལ་འདུག དེ་འབདཝ་ད་ འབྲུག་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་བཀའ་ཤོག་དང་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་ཡིག་འགྲུལ་ཚུ་མགྱོགས་ཡིག་ནང་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྡོད་ནུག 
ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཧེ་མ་ལས་བཏོན་པའི་གཏེར་གྱི་ཡིག་ཆ་དང་ བླམ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་ ཤུལ་ལས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་རིམ་བྱོན་ཚུ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་གནང་མིའི་བཀའ་ཤོག་དང་།སྤྱིར་བཏང་ཡིག་འགྲུལ། དེ་ལས་རྩིས་ཐོ་ཚུ་མགྱོགས་ཡིག་ནང་གནང་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ སྒེར་མི་དང་། འགྲེམས་སྟོན་ཁང་། དཔེ་མཛོད་ཚུ་ནང་འདུག དེ་ཚུ་ལུ་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་འདི་ དུས་རབས་༨ པ་དེ་ཅིག་ལས་ར་ འབྲུག་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་སྦེ་དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ད་ལྟོ་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ཡི་གུ་སྦེ་བརྩི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

== མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་མིང་། ==
གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཞལ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་ས་ཁོངས་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྦེ་མེན་པར་ ཚལ་མ་གིས་གང་སྟེ་མི་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་མེད་པའི་ས་ཁོངས་ གཅན་གཟན་དང་བདུད་ཀྱིས་གང་བའི་ས་ཆ་ཅིག་སྦེ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། [https://twotruths.org/khenpo-phuntshok-tashi/ མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་] ཀྱིས་བྲིས་མིའི་ནང་ དེ་བསྒང་འབྲུག་གི་ས་གནས་ཀྱི་མིང་ཡང་ ཁ་བ་རི་བྲག་གི་ཡུལ་དང་ མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ རི་བྲག་པ་ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་དར་ནུག་ཟེར་ཨིན་མས། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ འབྲུག་གི་ས་གནས་ཁག་ཚུ་ནང་མི་རློབས་ཆགས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག དཔྱེ་ཅིག་བཀོད་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་རབས་ལྷོའི་ཆོས་བྱུང་དང་འཁྲིལཔ་ད་ རྒྱ་གར་ལས་རྒྱལ་སྲས་དག་པ་ཅིག་ མཐའ་བཤུད་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཚུ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་གནས་བཅའ་སྡོད་ནུག དེ་བསྒང་གི་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཚུ་ཡང་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་བྱོན་མི་རྒྱལཔོ་དྲི་མེད་ཀུན་ལྡན་དང་། ཤར་རཱ་ཛ་འོག་ལུ་གནས་བཅར་མི་རྒྱལཔོ་དབུགས་བསྟན། སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ཕོ་ཆུའི་རྐ་མགོ་ལུ་ ས་གནས་ཆོས་འཁོར་སྦིས་ལུ་ཙན་ལྡན་ཤིང་བཙུགས་མི་རྒྱལཔོ།རྒྱ་ཞག་དགོན་པ་ལུ་བཞུགས་མི་རྒྱལཔོ། དེ་ལས་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་སིནྡྷུའི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་སྲས་སིནྡྷུ་ར་ཛ་ ཡང་ན་ལྕགས་ཁར་རྒྱལ་པོ་བློན་འབངས་དང་བཅས་ བུམ་ཐང་ཆོས་འཁོར་ལུ་ལྷོད་དེ་གནས་བཅའ་བཞུགས་ནུག

རྒྱལཔོ་སིནྡྷུ་ར་ཛ་གིས་དུས་རབས་༨ པའི་ནང་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ འགོ་དང་པ་བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཚར་གསུམ་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ས་གནས་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ནང་ར་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག དེ་བསྒང་ མོན་བུམ་ཐང་དང་ མོན་སྤ་རོ་ཟེར་བའི་མིང་དང་ ས་གནས་ཡོངས་ལུ་ མོན་ཡུལ་དང་ ཡི་གུ་ལུ་ཡང་མོན་ཡིག་ཟེར་བའི་ཐ་སྙད་དར་ནུགགུ་རུ་བྱོན་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཆོས་གསུངས་མི་ཚུ་ ལྡན་མ་རྩེ་མང་གིས་མགྱོགས་ཡིག་ནང་ཕབ་སྦེ་དར་ཁྱབ་འགྱོཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ བོད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ཡི་གུ་འདི་ ས་གནས་ལྷོ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ལྷོ་ཡིག་ཟེར་ཡང་སླབ་སྲོལ་དར་ནུག མོན་ཡིག་དང་ ལྷོ་ཡིག་ཟེར་བའི་ཐ་སྙད་འདི་དུས་རབས་༡༩ པ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཡོད་རུང་ ཡི་གུ་འདི་འབྲིཝ་ད་མགྱོགས་པར་སྦེ་འབྲི་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཐ་སྙད་འདི་ཡང་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་ཟེར་དར་ཏེ་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ མོན་ཡིག་དང་ ལྷོ་ཡིག་ཟེར་མེན་པར་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་ཟེར་སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཨིན་རུང་མི་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་གིས་ དེ་ལུ་འབྲུག་ཡིག་ཟེར་ཡང་སླབ་སྲོལ་འདུག 

== མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་ཡིག་གཟུགས། ==
འབྲུག་ལུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཡོད་པའི་ དབུ་ཅན་དང་མགྱོགས་ཡིག་འདི་བོད་ཡིག་དང་འདྲཝ་ལས་ ཡིག་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་བྱུང་རབས་འདི་ཡང་ བོད་ཀྱི་ཡི་གུའི་བྱུང་རབས་ལུ་རག་ལསཔ་ཨིན་པས། བོད་ཀྱི་ཡི་གུ་ཚུ་གི་བྱུང་རབས་ཡང་ རྒྱའི་ཡི་གུ་ལུ་ ཁུངས་གཏུགསཔ་ཨིན་པས(འོག་གི་པར་ ༡ པ་ནང་གཟིགས)། བོད་ཡིག་འདི་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལུ་ རྒྱ་གར་གི་གུཔ་ཏའི་ཡི་གུ་ལས་རྟ་དྲངས་སྲོལ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་བདེན་པས་ཟེར་མནོཝ་མས། དེ་ཡང་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་འཁྲིལཔ་ད་ བོད་ཀྱི་བོན་ཆོསཔ་ཚུ་གིས་བོད་ལུ་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མ་ལས་ཡི་གུ་ཚུ་དར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་ཤེས་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་བོད་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་སོ་གསུམ་པ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བློན་པོ་ཐོན་མི་སམ་བྷོ་ཊ་ཡང་ཡི་གུ་ལྷབ་པ་རྒྱ་གར་ལུ་བཏང་ནུགབོད་དང་འབྲུག་གི་ཡིག་གཟུགས་འདི་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་ཡིག་རིགས་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ཡང་ གུཔ་ཏའི་ཡི་གུ་དང་འདྲ་སུ་སྦེ་མཐོངམ་ཨིན་པས(འོག་གི་པར་༢ པ་ནང་གཟིགས་)། 

[[File:Joyig4.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:Joyig2.jpg|thumb]]

བོད་དང་འབྲུག་པའི་ཡི་གུ་འབྲི་ཐངས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ཡང་ ཁྱད་པར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༠༠ ལས་ཚུར་ གློག་རིག་ཡུ་ནི་ཀོཌ་གི་ལམ་ལུགས་ནང་ རྫོང་ཁའི་དབུ་ཅན་ཡི་གུ་བཟོ་བའི་སྐབས་ བོད་ཡིག་དང་ཕྱདཔ་ད་ ཁྱད་པར་༤༢ ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་སླབ་ནུག ཁྱད་པར་ཡོད་པའི་ཐོ་འདི་ བྱང་སྟོར་ཤོར་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ད་ལྟོ་ལོག་སྟེ་བསྡུ་སྒྲིག་འབད་བའི་བསྒང་ཡོད།

== མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་སྲིད་བྱུས། ==
འབྲུག་ལུ་ཐད་ཀར་དུ་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཅིག་ ད་ཚུན་གྱི་བར་ན་མིན་འདུག མགྱོགས་ཡིག་འདི་ དུས་རབས་༨ པ་ལས་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ད་ཚུན་གྱི་བར་ན་ཡང་ཡོངས་གྲགས་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་འདུག དེ་ཡང་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ ཡི་གུ་ཚུ་ ལག་པ་གིས་འབྲི་དགོཔ་ད་ མགྱོགས་པར་སྦེ་འབྲི་ཚུགས་པའི་སྟབས་བདེ་ཧིང་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན་པས། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་ གཏེར་དང་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ དེ་ལས་ཡིག་འགྲུལ་གྱི་རིགས་ཚུ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་ནང་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཡི་གུ་ཚུ་གི་དཔེ་ཡང་ སྒེར་མི་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འགྲེམས་སྟོན་ཁང་ དཔེ་མཛོད་ཚུ་ནང་བསྡུ་ལེན་འབད་དེ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ག་ར་གིས་མཐོང་ས་ལུ་འདུགམགྱོགས་ཡིག་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་ཁར་མེདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་ལས་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནིའི་སྲོལ་དརཝ་ལས་ འབྲུག་པའི་ཡི་གུ་ངོ་མ་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ཡི་གུའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ ཐད་ཀར་དུ་མེད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ ཡི་གུ་འདི་སྐད་ཡིག་གི་ ཟུང་འབྲེལ་ཆ་ཤས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སྐད་ཡིག་གི་སྲིད་བྱུས་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་འདུག འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྐད་ཡིག་འདི་ རྫོང་ཁ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ རྫོང་ཁའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ལུ་རག་ལསཔ་ཨིན་པས། རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་གི་ཁ་སྐད་སྦེ་དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་གི་ལྟེ་བ་ རྫོང་གཞི་ཁག་ཚུ་ནང་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྡོད་ནུག དེ་གིས་སྦེ་ དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་འབྲུག་འདི་འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ནང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༧༡ ལུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་ཅིག་སྦེ་ འཛུལ་བཞུགས་འབད་བའི་བསྒང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྐད་ཡིག་འདི་རྫོང་ཁ་སྦེ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༠༨ ལུ་ཆ་འཇོག་གནང་བའི་ འབྲུག་གི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོའི་ནང་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྐད་ཡིག་སྦེ་ཚུད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གི་སྤྱི་ནོར་དམ་པ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་དང་བཞི་པའི་སྐབས་ལས་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ལྷབ་དགོཔ་དང་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་དེ་ རང་གི་ཆོས་དང་། རིག་གཞུང་། ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ། སྒྲིགས་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་ཚུ་ངེས་པར་ཤེས་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་ཤོག་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཡང་ལས་ཡང་དུ་གནང་ནུགསྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༥༣ ལུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་གིས་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་བའི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུའི་ནང་ལས་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁ་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་དེ་ དར་ཁྱབ་གཏང་དགོ་པའི་གྲོས་ཆོད་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ར་ཆ་འཇོག་གྲུབ་གནང་ནུག 

རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་འདི་ འབྲུག་པའི་ཡི་གུ་ངོ་མ་སྦེ་བརྩི་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་དར་ཁྱབ་གཏང་པའི་བསྒང་ཡོད། སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༠༠ ལས་ཚུར་ལས་འགུལ་གཅིག་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ གློག་རིག་ནང་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་ཡིག་གཟུགས་ དབང་འདུས་༢༩ (Wangdi29) ཟེར་མི་ཅིག་ཡང་བཟོ་སྟེ་བཀྲམ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ད་ལྟོ་ འབྲུག་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ཡོངས་གྲགས་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ཡོད།མ་འོངས་པའི་ནང་ཡང་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་ ཡིག་གཟུགས་ལེ་ཤ་བཟོ་སྟེ་གློག་རིག་ནང་བཙུགས་ནིའི་འཆར་གཞི་ཡོད། སློབ་གྲྭ་ཁག་ལས་ཕར་ཡང་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་འདི་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་དགོཔ་སྦེ་སླབ་ཡོད། རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ལས་ལོ་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་ དཔེ་དེབ་འགྲན་བསྡུར་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ དཔེ་དེབ་མགྱོགས་ཡིག་ནང་བྲིས་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་སྐུགས་འཐེབ་བྱིན་ཏེ་མགྱོགས་ཡིག་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནིའི་ནང་ སེམས་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་བཅུག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

== མཇུག་དོན། ==
མགྱོགས་ཡིག་འདི་འབྲུག་པའི་ཡི་གུ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ འདི་གི་སྐོར་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་ལོགས་སུ་ཅིག་ མཐིལ་ཕྱིནམ་སྦེ་ར་འབད་དགོཔ་འདུག་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནི་ཨིན། དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མཁས་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་དེ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ བྲིས་རྩོམ་རེ་འབྲི་བཅུག་སྟེ་ གོ་བསྡུར་ཞལ་འཛོམས་ནང་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ གྲོས་བསྡུར་གནང་པ་ཅིན་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་བྱུང་རབས་ཡང་གསལ་ཏོག་ཏོ་འགྱོ་ནི་ཨིན་མས། ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་སྐོར་ལས་བྲིས་ཡོད་པའི་བྲིས་རྩོམ་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ ཁྱད་པར་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་འཐོན་ས་མཇལཝ་ཨིན་མས། མཁས་པ་སོ་སོ་ཚུ་གིས་ལོ་རྒྱུས་སོ་སོ་བཤད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཁོང་ཚུ་གིས་ཁུངས་གཏུགས་འབད་བའི་ དུས་རབས་༨ པ་ལས་ཚུར་གྱི་མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་མ་དཔེ་ཚུ་ཡང་དངོས་སུ་ཞིབ་དཔྱད་འབད་དེ་བལྟ་དགོཔ་འདུག 

མགྱོགས་ཡིག་འདི་འབྲུག་གི་ཡི་གུ་ངོ་མ་འབདཝ་ལས་ དེང་སང་གི་གློག་རིག་དང་འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་ཚུ་ནང་ ལག་ལེན་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ཡིག་གཟུགས་གང་མང་བཟོ་སྟེ་བཙུགས་དགོཔ་འདུག དེ་བཞིན་དུ་ གཞུང་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་གི་ཡིག་འགྲུལ་ཚུ་ནང་དང་། སློབ་གྲྭ་ཁག བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ བརྒྱུད་སྐུལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་བཅུག་དགོཔ་འདུག མགྱོགས་ཡིག་གི་ལག་ལེན་ཤུགས་བཏོན་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ངོ་རྟགས་ཅིག་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་ཚུགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ མ་འོངས་པའི་དོན་ལུ་ མ་ཉམས་པར་བཞག་ཚུགས་པའི་ཁེ་ཕན་སྦོམ་འོང་ནི་ཨིན་མས།</text>
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[[འབྲུག་དབང་འདུས་རྩེ་ལྷ་ཁང་]] [[:en:Druk Wangditse Lhakhang]] འདི་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་གི་ལུང་གཤོང་ག་ར་མཐོང་ཚུགས་པའི་ས་གནས་ ནགས་ཚལ་གྱིས་གང་བའི་སྤོ་ཏོ་ཅིག་གུར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༥ ལུ་འབྲུག་གི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བརྒྱད་པ་ འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་གདན་ས་བཏབ་གནང་ནུག། 
འབྲུག་དབངའདུས་རྩེ་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ལྷ་ཁང་རྙིང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གནས་རྩ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཡང་ཆ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་སངས་རྒྱས་སྒང་ལས་རྐང་ཐང་སྦེ་ དུས་ཡུན་སྐར་མ་བཞི་བཅུ་དེ་ཅིག་གི་ས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ག་ར་གིས་མཛར་ཅུམ་ཟ་སའི་ས་གོ་དང་ ལྟ་སྐོར་པ་ཚུ་གིས་དགའ་བའི་ས་ཆ་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན།
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༡ ལུ་ ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་ས་ཡོམ་གྱིས་ ལྷ་ཁང་ངོ་མ་འདི་ལུ་ གནོད་རྐྱེན་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་བྱུང་ཡོད་རུང་  སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༨༣ ལུ་འོངས་མི་ ས༌མུལ༌ཌེ་ཝིསི་གིས་བྲིས༌ཡོད་མི་ ཧེ་མའིལྷ་ཁང་གི་རི་མོ་དང་ གནའ་ཤུལ་བརྟག་ཞིབ་ཀྱི་ཞིབ་རྟོག་ཚུ་ ལམ་སྟོན་སྦེ་ལག་ལེག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ ལོག་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། ལྷ་ཁང་གསརཔ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༤ ལས་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༥ ཚུན་ གཞུང་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་ལས་ཚོགས་སློབ་དཔོན་ སངས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་གིས་རབ་གནས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;ref&gt; [https://thebhutanese.bt/druk-wangditse-lhakhang-dedicated-to-his-majesty/] Druk Wangditse Lhakhang dedicated to His Majesty&quot;. TheBhutanese. 2020-02-08. Retrieved 2021-10-31.&lt;/ref&gt;

ལོག་སྟེ་གསར་བཞེངས་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ནང་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མའི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ རྒྱུ་ཟངས་ལས་བསྒྲུབས་པའི་སྟོན་པ་ཤཀྱཱ་མུ་ཎི་གསེར་སྒྲོནམ་དང་། གཡས་གཡོན་ལུ་ བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་འཕགས་པ་འཇམ་དཔལ་དབྱངས་དང་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཟུར་གཉིས་ཀྱི་གྱང་རེ་རེ་ལུ་ མཆོད་རྟེན་བཞི་བཞི་སྦེ་ བདེ་གཤེགས་མཆོད་རྟེན་བརྒྱད་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
ལྷ་ཁང་ཐོག་གཉིས་པའི་ནང་ ཆོས་སྲུང་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་གྱི་ལྡེབས་རིས་ རྟ་མགྲིན་དང་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཕུར་པ། གཞན་ཡང་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་གྲུབ་ཐོབ་དང་  འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བླམ་རིམ་བྱོན་ཚུ་གི་ལྡེབས་རིས་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱབ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ དཔལ་ཡེ་ཤེས་དགོན་པོའི་ཆོས་སྲུང་ལྷ་ཁང་གཅིག་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་དེ་ནང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོ་བདུད་གསོལ་མ་དང་ཚེ་རིང་མའི་སྐུ་འདྲ། གཞན་ཡང་རྫོང་ཁག་ ༢༠ གི་གནས་བདག་ཚུ་གི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
== ཁུངས་གཏུག་ ==
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      <text bytes="199" xml:space="preserve">མནའ་སྦྱིས་གཡུས་འདི་&amp;nbsp;[[ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག]]་&amp;nbsp;སྐོར་ཕུག་རྒེད་འོག་ནང་ཡོད།</text>
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      <text bytes="7831" xml:space="preserve">=== ངོ་སྤྲོད། === 
&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་བཀོད་རིག་པ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་ག་དང་ཡང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ནང་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བྱིན་རླབས་འཇུག་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་བཟོ་བཀོད་ཙང་ཙ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ བཟོ་བཀོད་རིག་པ་གིས་་ཕྱུགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན་དགོ་མི་འདི་ཡང་ དུས་དང་ཕུ་དིང་ཕུ་དུས་རབས་ ༧ པའི་ནང་ལས་ར་བཞེངས་ཡོད་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་མགོན་སྡེ་ཚུ་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ནང་ཡང་མཇལ་ཚུགས་ནི་འདི་གིས་ཨིན། 
བཟོ་སྐྲུན་གྱི་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ ལྕགས་ཟེར་དང་ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་ལས་ཐོན་པའི་ལག་ཆ་ཚུ་ ལག་ལེན་མ་འཐབ་པར་ རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་གནས་སྐབས་བཏོན་ཏེ་ བཟོ་རིག་གི་ལཱ་ཚུ་འབད་དེ་སྡོད་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཁྱིམ་གྱི་ བཟོ་བཀོད་ཚུ་ཡང་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འཆར་གཞི་ཧེ་མ་ལས་བརྩམས་ཏེ་མེན་པར་ བཟོ་བོ་གི་ལཱ་ཡོད་ཚད་ཅིགཔ་ རང་སོའི་བློ་རིག་ཐོག་ལས་འབད་སྡོད་ནུག། བཟོ་རྣམ་ཚུ་ཡང་ རང་བཞིན་སའི་ཆགས་ཚུལ་ལྟར་དུ་སྦེཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གནམ་གཤིས་གནས་སྟངས་དང་འཁྲིལ་སྟེ་ ཁྱིམ་དང་ལྷ་ཁང་ རྫོང་གཞི་ཚུ་ཡང་སོ་སོ་སྦེ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Wangchuk, 2016)

=== རྫོང་གི་བཟོ་བཀོད་རིག་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;རྫོང་གཞིས་ཚུ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ རྡོ་དང་ཤིང་ དེ་ལས་ འདམ་ཚུ་གིས་རྐྱབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དང་ཕུའི་རྫོང་ཚུ་ལུ་ འཛུལ་སྒོ་གཅིག་ལས་མེདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ག་ར་ལུ་ དབུ་རྩེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ མཐའ་སྐོར་ལུ་ རྡོ་གཅལ་་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཚུ་གི་་གྱང་ཚུ་ ཁ་ནང་ན་བལྟ་སྟེ་་ཧལ་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྒོ་སྒྲིག་ཚུ་ཚོད་གཞི་གནགཔོ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁྱིམ་ཐོག་འདི་ རྒྱ་བཞི་སྦེ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ བྱི་གཞོལ་སྦེབཀབ་སྟེ་འོངམ་ཨིན། སྤྱིར་བཏང་གི་ཁྱིམ་ཚུ་ལུ་ རྒྱ་བཞི་འདི་མི་འཐོབ་ནི་ཨིན་པས། རྫོང་གི་ནང་ན་ལུ་ ཀ་ཆེན་ལེ་ཤ་འོངམ་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་ཚུ་ཡང་ པ་ཏྲ་རབ་འབྲིང་ཐ་སྦེ་ གཟི་བརྗིད་་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བརྐོ་སྟེ་འོངམ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== འབྲུག་གི་ཁྱིམ། ===
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་གི་ཁྱིམ་ཚུ་ རིན་གོང་ཆུང་བའི་རྩིས་ས་གིས་རྐྱབ་ཨིན་རུང་ མང་ཤོས་ར་རང་ལུགས་འབྲུག་པའི་ལུགས་སྲོལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་ རྐྱབ་མི་ཙང་ཙ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ ཤིང་ཆས་དང་འདམ་ཚུ་ ལེ་ཤ་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཏེ་རྐྱབ་སྲོལ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ རང་སོའི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་གནམ་གཤིས་གནས་སྟངས་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཁྱིམ་ཚུ་ རྡོ་གིས་སྦེ་འབད་རྐྱབ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ས་ཁ་དམའ་ས་ཚུ་ནང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྦ་དང་ཤིང་གིས་སྦེ་རྐྱབ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ལྷ་ཁང་དང་མགོན་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;ལྷ་ཁང་དང་མགོན་པ་ཚུ་གི་བཟོ་རྣམ་འདི་ རྫོང་དང་ཆ་འདྲ་སུ་ཅིག་ཡོད་རུང་ རྒྱའི་སྦོམ་ཚད་འདི་ ཨ་ཙི་ཅིག་ཆུང་སི་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་ཚུ་གི་གྱང་གི་མདོག་འདི་དཀརཔོ་དང་ མང་ཤོས་ར་ཁྱིམ་ཐོག་གུར་གསེར་ཏོག་རྟོག་བཀལ་ཏེ་འོངམ་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་གི་ནང་ན་འབད་རུང་ པ་ཏྲ་ཊ་ཅན་མའི་མཆོད་བཤམ་དང་ ཀ་ཆེན་ཡ་མཚན་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་འོངམ་མ་ཚད་  གྱང་གུར་ནང་པའི་ལྷ་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ལྡེབས་རིས་ འཇའ་ཆི་ཆི་ཚུ་སྦྱར་ཏེ་འོངམ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཟམ་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སའི་ཆགས་ཚུལ་འདི་ གྱེན་ཟར་དྲགས་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཆུ་ཚུ་ཤུགས་སྦེ་འབབ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཟམ་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྔར་སྲོལ་གྱི་ལུགས་ལྟར་ བ་ཟམ་རྐྱབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་རུང་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་དེང་སང་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ བཟོ་རྣམ་དང་རྒྱུ་ཆས་ཚུ་ཡང་ ལེ་ཤ་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འགྱོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# [http://admin.theiguides.org/Media/Documents/TRADITIONAL-ARCHITECTURE1.pdf/ (n.d.). TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE GUIDELINES.] 
# [http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/5/3/6/ (2007) A Review on Traditional Architecture Houses in Buddhist Culture. 5(3), 113–123.]
# (n.d.). A HISTORY OF BHUTAN: Class 10. Royal Education Council (REC). (Original work published 1996)
# Wangchuk, D. (2016). Foundations of Bhutan History: A Concise Guide (1st ed.). Omega Traders.</text>
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      <text bytes="7442" xml:space="preserve">=== སྐད་ཡིག་གི་སྐོར་ལས། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ སྐད་ཡིག་འདི་བརྡ་དོན་སྤྲོད་ལེན་འབད་ནི་གི་ལམ་ཡོད་ན་མཆོག་དང་མེད་ན་ཐབས་ཆགས་པའི་གཞི་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཁ་སྐད་འདི་གིས་རིག་གཞུང་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་གྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཚུ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་མ་ཚད་ མི་ཚུ་གིས་རང་སོའི་སེམས་ཁར་མནོ་བའི་མནོ་དོན་དང་ ཡིད་ཆེས་ཡོད་ལུགས་ཀྱི་གཏམ་དང་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་བརྡ་དོན་སྤྲོད་ལེན་འབད་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན། སྐད་ཡིག་འདི་གིས་ མི་སྡེའི་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་དེ་ ཡོན་ཏན་རྣམ་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་འཐོབ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཁེ་ཕན་སྤྲོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཁ་སྐད་མ་འདྲཝ་ ༡༩ གི་རྩིས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཁ་སྐད་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་དགོ་པའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ཡང་  ཧེ་མའི་དུས་ལུ་ ལུང་པ་དང་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་སོ་སོའི་བར་ན་ གངས་རི་དང་ལ་ཚུ་གི་བཅད་དེ་འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་མ་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་ རང་སོའི་ལུང་པ་རེ་ལུ་ཁ་སྐད་རེ་རེ་བྱུང་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནུག། &lt;/big&gt;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316655719/ (Driem, 2015)]&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ནི་ལུ་ སླབ་ནི་ཡོད་མི་སྐད་ ཡིག་རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁ་ཟེར་སླབ་དགོ་མི་འདི་གཙོ་རོ་ར་ ཧེ་མའི་དུས་ལུ་ ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ག་ར་རྫོང་ནང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གཞུང་དོནགྱི་ལཱ་འབད་པའི་སྐབས་ མང་ཤོས་ར་རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ལས་བརྟེན་ རྫོང་ཁ་ཟེར་དར་ཁྱབས་སོང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༡ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ནང་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབདཝ་ད་ རང་སོའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཁ་སྐད་ཡང་དགོཔ་ལས་ མི་དབང་ཞིང་གཤེགས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ཁ་སྐད་འདི་རྫོང་ཁ་སྦེ་ ངོས་འཛིན་གནང་ནུག། རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྫོག་ཁག་ ༨ ཀྱི་ཁ་སྐད་ཨིན་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པའི་ནང་ སྐད་ཡིག་རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ཡོངས་གྲགས་སྦེ་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;/big&gt;(Wangchuk, 2008)&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ ཊི་བེ་ཊོ་བར་མཱན་&lt;/big&gt; (Tibeto-Burman or Sino-Tibetan) &lt;big&gt;ལས་བརྒྱུད་པའི་སེན་ཊཱལ་བོ་ཌིཤ་&lt;/big&gt; (Central Bodish) &lt;big&gt;གི་སྡེ་ཚན་ནང་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt; &lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ཧེ་མ་ སྔ་ལོང་གི་ཁ་སྐད་རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་གཞན་གྱི་ཁ་སྐད་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ངག་ཐོག་ལས་བཤད་སྲོལ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ཡོདཔ་མ་གཏོགས་ ཡིག་ཐོག་ལུ་འབྲི་སྲོལ་མེདཔ་ཨིན། ད་རེས་ཡིག་ཐོག་ལུ་ མགྱོགས་ཡིག་ནང་འབྲི་སྲོལ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ཡང་ མི་དབང་གཞི་གཤེགས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པའི་སྐུ་ཐོག་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འདི་གི་ཧེ་མ་ཡིག་གུ་འབྲི་ཀློག་ཚུ་ག་ར་ ཆོས་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་འབད་དེ་སྡོད་ནུག། མགྱོགས་ཡིག་འདི་ དུས་རབས་བརྒྱད་པའི་ནང་ གུ་རུ་ནིན་པོ་ཆེ་བོད་ལུ་ མི་འགྱུར་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པའི་བསམ་ཡས་ལྷ་ཁང་བཞེངས་ཚར་ཏེ་ རབ་གནས་གནང་པར་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ རྒྱ་ཆོས་བོད་དུ་སྒྱུར་བའི་སྐབས་ བུམ་ཐང་ལྕགས་མཁར་རྒྱལཔོ་གིས་ ཤོག་ཀུ་གྲོགས་རམ་སྦེ་ཕུལ་བའི་བཀྲིན་བརྗེ་དྲན་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ གུ་རུའི་སློ་མ་ལྡན་མ་རྩེ་མངས་ཀྱིས་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་ལུ་ལྷོ་ཡིག་ཟེར་ཡང་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ དར་ཁྱབ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁ་སྐད་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་རུང་ འབྲུག་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་སླབ་པའི་ ཚང་ལ་སྐད་དང་ འབྲུག་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་སླབ་མི་ཁ་སྐད་ལྷོ་མཚམས་ཁ་སྐད་གཉིས་ཡང་ མི་མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཀྱིས་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Phuntsho, 2013)

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316655719/ Driem, G. van. (2015). Language and identity in Bhutan. ResearchGate.]
# Phuntsho, K. (2013). The History of Bhutan (p. 237) The History of Bhutan, Random House India.
# Lily Wanghcuk (2008) Facts about Bhutan, Thimphu, Absolute Bhutan Books.</text>
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    <title>འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་ ཡང་ན་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་སྡེ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་གིས་ ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ མི་ཚེ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ག...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="16333" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་ ཡང་ན་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་སྡེ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་གིས་ ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ མི་ཚེ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གྲོགས་རམ་དང་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ཚུ་བྱིནམ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ ག་ཏེ་ལུ་ཡང་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཀུན་གྱིས་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་མི་སྡེའི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་ལྟ་མི་ལས་ཁུངས་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན། (ལི་ལི་དབང་ཕྱུག། ༢༠༠༨ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༨༢།).
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འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་དམག་ཆེན་ ༢ པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ས་ཕྱོགས་ག་ཏེ་ཨིན་རུང་ རིས་མེད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ཉེན་ཁ་ཅན་གྱི་གནས་སྟངས་ནང་ཡོདཔ་པའི་ཨ་ལུ་དང་ ཨ་ལུའི་མ་འོངས་མི་ཚེ་ དཀའ་སྡུག་མྱོང་སྲིད་མི་ཚུ་ བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་སྟེ་གྲོགས་རམ་བྱིན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༦ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༠ གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གིས་ ཨ་ལུའི་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ལེགས་བཅོས་འབད་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་གི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ནང་ འབད་བརྩོན་མཐའ་གཅིག་ཏུ་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་གློ་བུར་ཉེན་འཚུབ་ཆེ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོནམ་ཨིན། ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ་གྱི་ཚབ་སྦེ་ ནིའུ་ཡོག་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་གདུང་སེལ་གཞིས་ཆགས་བདག་སྐྱོང་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༦ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (UNICEF for every child, 2017)
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ལོ་དེ་ནང་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་ཀྱིས་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་མ་དངུལ་ཟེར་དམག་འཁྲུག་གི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ གདུང་སེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལམ་ལུགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༣ ལུ་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་གཏན་འཇགས་ཀྱི་ལས་ཁུངས་ལུ་གྱུར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་རིམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་ ད་ལྟོའི་ལས་སྡེ་གི་མིང་གཏན་འཁེལ་འགྱོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དེ་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་ལྟེ་བ་འདི་ ནིའུ་ཡོག་གི་ཁྲོམ་སྡེ་ནང་རྐྱབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༠ གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་གི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་འབད་དེ་ དེའི་གྲངས་སུ་ ཨ་ལུའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་གྱི་དབང་ཆ་དང་ དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་དང་ ཟས་བཅུད་ཀྱི་དབང་ཆ་ཚུ་ཡང་བཙུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༠ ལས་ཚུར་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༩ ཅན་མའི་ཨ་ལུའི་ཐོབ་དབང་ཆིངས་ཡིག་གིས་ ལམ་སྟོན་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཆིངས་ཡིག་འདི་གིས་ ཨ་ལུ་ག་ར་ཚད་ལྡན་གྱི་གཟུགས་ཁམས་དང་ ནད་གཞི་སྨན་བཅོས་ གཞན་ཡང་ གཟུགས་ཁམས་ཉམས་གསོ་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་སྤྱོད་ཚུགས་པའི་དབང་ཆ་གནངམ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༩ ལུ་འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་ཀྱིས་ ཨ་ལུའི་ཐོབ་དབང་གི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་ཆ་འཇོག་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་གིས་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་འདི་ ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ རྩམ་ད་ལུ་ ལམ་སྟོན་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནུག། གནས་ཚུལ་བཟང་པོ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༥ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ་གྱིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཞི་བདེ་གི་གཟེངས་བསྟོད་རྟགས་མའི་གསོལ་རས་ཐོབ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གིས་ ཨམ་སྲུ་དང་ དམིགས་བསལ་དུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་གི་ ཨམ་སྲའི་མཐའ་དོན་བལྟ་ནི་ཡང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཅི། དཔེ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༠ ལུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ནང་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཟེར་བའི་ལས་རིམ་ཅིག་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༢ ལུ་ཨ་ལུའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་གསརཔ་ཅིག་འགོ་བཙུགས་མི་འདི་གིས་ གཟུགས་སྟོབས་ཡར་འཕར་གྱི་ལྟ་རྟོག་འབད་ནི་དང་ ཆུ་སྐམ་སླར་ལོག་སྨན་བཅོས་(oral rehydration therapy) དེ་ལས་ ཨའི་གི་ཨོམ་བྱིན་ནི་ཚུ་གུར་ སྐུལ་ཁྱབ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ནུག། (UNICEF for every child, 2017).&lt;br&gt;

འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ་འདི་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ལྷན་སྡེ་བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་སྐྱོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་དང་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་མི་སྡེ་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གི་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་སྲིད་བྱུས་ལམ་སྟོན་འདི་དང་འཁྲིལ་དགོ། བཀོད་ཚོགས་འདི་ ལོ་གཅིག་གི་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ ཚར་གསུམ་འཛོམ་ནི་ཡོད། འཛིན་སྐྱོང་བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་གི་ལས་རིམ་བསྐྱར་ཞིབ་འབད་ནི་དང་། ལས་སྣ། སྲིད་བྱུས་དང་ལས་རིམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་མ་དངུལ་ཚུ་ངོས་ལེན་འབདཝ་ཨིན། བཀོད་ཚོགས་འདི་ནང་ འཐུས་མི་ ༣༩ ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་ཚུ་གིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ནང་ལུ་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་སྡེ་ཚན་ ༥ གི་ངོ་ཚབ་འབདཝ་ཨིན། ཁོང་གི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ ལས་ཁང་གིས་སྦེ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལས་ཁང་འདི་ནང་ ཚོགས་གཙོ་གཅིག་དང་ཚོགས་གཙོ་འོགམ་ ༤ ཡོད། ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་གིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༡༩༠ གི་ནང་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཐ་ན་ ལྷོད་ཚུགས་པར་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ལཱ་ཁག་ཡོད་པའི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་  ན་གཞོན་དང་ཨ་ལུའི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་བལྟ་བར་ལྷོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གི་མ་དངུལ་འབྱུང་ས་ངོ་མ་ར་ ཁས་བླངས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ཞལ་འདེབས་བྱིན་མི་འདི་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཏི་རུ་ཕུད་རྡོག་གཅིག་ལས་མེད་རུང་ དཀའ་སྡུག་ཅན་གྱི་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཟད་འགྲོ་གཏངམ་ཨིན། མ་དངུལ་ལོག་སྤྱོད་དང་ངན་ལྷད་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལཱ་གི་དོགས་པ་ག་བཟུམ་ར་བྱུང་རུང་ ནང་འཁོད་རྩིས་ཞིབ་དང་བརྟག་ཞིབ་ཡིག་ཚང་གིས་ རྩིས་དཔྱད་འབདཝ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་དང་གཞུང་མིན་ལས་སྡེ་ཁག་ཚུ་དང་ མཉམ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ ཨ་ལུའི་དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ནི་ལུ་རྩ་འགེངསམ་ཨིན། གློ་བུར་དང་ཚབས་ཆེན་གྱི་གནས་སྟངས་ནང་ལུ་ ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་གིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་སྡེ་ཚུ་སྣ་ཁྲིད་འབད་དེ་གདོང་ལན་འབད་དེ་ ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཉེན་སྲུང་ལྡན་པའི་འཐུང་ཆུ་དང་།འཕྲོད་བསྟེན། ཟད་བཅུད་དང་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཚུ་སྤྲོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁོང་གིས་ དུས་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་རྩུབ་སྤྱོད། ལོག་སྤྱོད་དང་། དམའ་ཕབ་འབད་སྲིད་པའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ལས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབདཝ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མ་རུང་པའི་གནད་དོན་ དཔེར་ན་ ལོ་ན་མ་སྨིན་པར་ལཱ་འབད་བཅུག་ནི། ལོ་ན་ཚོད་མ་རནམ་ལས་གཉེན་རྐྱབ་ནི། ཨ་ལུ་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་ནི། དབང་བཙོང་འདོད་སྤྱོད་འབད་ནི་དང་། བཀག་ཚུགས་པའི་སྟབས་མ་བདེ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ལས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནི། དེ་ལས་ སྤུད་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་། ཕོ་མོ་འདྲ་མཉམ་གྱི་བསླབ་སྟོན་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོནམ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ་གྱིས་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་གཙང་སྦྲའི་མཁོ་ཆས་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༤ ལས་ར་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གིས་ གཞུང་མིན་ལས་སྡེ་ཚུ་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་གཞན་ཡང་འབད་དེ་ ན་གཞོན་ཨ་ལུ་དང་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་གི་མི་ཚེའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ ཕན་རླབས་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཨ་ལུའི་ཐོབ་དབང་གི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་གུར་ གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་གིས་ གཞི་དོན་མ་འདྲཝ་ ༤ གུར་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། དེ་ཡང་ འཕྲོད་སྟེན། ཟས་བཅུད། གཟུགས་ཁམས་དང་། ཨའི་དང་ཨ་ལུ་བདག་འཛིན་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་འགྲུབ་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ཨ་ལུ་ག་ར་ལུ་སྤུས་ཚད་ལྡན་པའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་འདྲ་མཉམ་སྦེ་བྱིན་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན། ༼ལི་ལི་དབང་ཕྱུག། ༢༠༠༨ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༨༢-༡༨༣།༽).&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
#Lily Wangchuk (2008) Facts about Bhutan, Thimphu, Absolute Bhutan Books.
#UNICEF for every child. (2017, May). retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/media/62371/file/convention-rights-child-at-crossroads-2019.pdf</text>
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      <text bytes="17408" xml:space="preserve">=== གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གི་སྐོར། ===

&lt;big&gt;༉ ལུང་བསྟན་གྱིས་བསྐོས་པའི་སྐྱེས་མཆོག་ གཏེར་ཆེན་པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་ལས་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ ཡབ་པི་ལཱ་མགོན་པོ་དབང་རྒྱལ་དང་ ཡུམ་བསོད་ནམས་སྒྲོལ་མ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་སུ་ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༡༧༥ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༢༥ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༤ པའི་ཤིང་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་ལུ་ ངོ་མཚར་བའི་ལྟས་དང་བཅས་ ཀུར་སྟོད་ལུ་སྦེ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག   རྩིས་གཞུང་དང་འཁྲིལ་མཚན་ཡང་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ཟེར་བཏགས་ནུག། སྐྱེས་ལོ་༡ ༢ དེ་ཅིག་བཞེས་པའི་བསྒང་ ཁོ་ལུ་གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་གཉིད་ལམ་ཅིག་ འཕྲལ་འཕྲལ་ར་མཐོང་དོ་ཡོད་མིའི་ནང་ ཁོ་ཁྱིམ་ནང་མ་བཞུགས་པར་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དང་བུམ་ཐང་ཁ་ཐུག་འབྱོན་པ་ཅིན་ མ་འོངས་པའི་དོན་དག་སྦོམ་ཆོད་ཚུགས་ནི་ཨིན་ཟེར་ ནུབ་མོ་གཉིད་ལམ་ནང་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཁོ་གི་ཐུགས་ཁར་ འབྱོན་དགོ་མནོ་བའི་སེམས་ཀྱིས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དང་བུམ་ཐང་ཕྱོགས་ ག་ཏེ་ཨིནམ་མ་མཁྱེན་རུང་ འབྱོན་པའི་འདོད་པ་དང་སྤྲོ་བ་སྦོམ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་བཞུགས་ནུག ཉིནམ་ཅིག་ཁོ་གིས་ ཐུགས་ཐག་བཅད་དེ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་གྱི་ས་ཕྱོགས་ དྲི་བ་མཛད་དེ་ བྱོན་པའི་བློ་ཐག་བཅད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཁོ་རང་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ལམ་དྲི་བ་རྐྱབ་ཅིག་ར་ བྱོན་ཏེ་བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་ལྷོད་ནུག བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་ལྷོདཔ་ད་སྟང་རྒེད་འོག་གི་ ཁྱིམ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་དང་ དྲགོས་རྒཔོ་འབད་མི་དེ་གི་ཁྱིམ་ནང་ སྒོ་ནོར་འཚོ་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་སྟེ་ བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་སྦེ་ཟླ་ངོ་དག་པ་ཅིག་ བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་གི་གཉིད་ལམ་མཐོང་ནི་དེ་གིས་ དེ་ཁར་ཡང་མ་བཞུགས་པར་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ཁ་ཐུག་བྱོན་ནུག།   དང་པ་ཆོས་རྩེ་གཟིམ་དཔོན་གྱི་འབོད་སྦེ་འཛུལ་ཏེ་ ཐབ་ཚང་ནང་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་སྟེ་ བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཁོ་ལུ་གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་ འཇོན་སྟངས་དང་ ཁེ་རྒོ་ཡོད་མི་ དཔོན་སློབ་མཚོ་སྐྱིད་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་མཁྱེན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱིས་འབོད་སྦེ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ ཁོ་རའི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྒར་ལྟོའི་གྲལ་འཛུལ་  འདེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཆབ་ཁ་པའི་འགན་ཁུར་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ གསོལ་དཔོན་དང་ གཟིམ་དཔོན་དང་ གཟིམ་སྒར་པའི་ལཱ་འགན་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།  དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༢ དེ་ཅིག་ཁར་ ཕྱག་སྒར་པའི་ གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ལས་ལོ་ངོ་དག་པ་ཅིག་གི་རྒྱབ་ལས་ གཟིམ་སྒར་པ་དམངས་ཀྱི་ འགོ་བདག་ དར་དཔོན་དང གཟིམ་ནང་མ་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ ཁོ་གིས་མཛད་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ལས་ལོ་ངོ་དག་པ་ཅིག་ལས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ཚོང་དཔོན་བསྐོས་ཏེ་བོད་ལྷ་ལུང་ལུ་ཕེབས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ སྲས་མོ་པདྨ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་དང་ ཚེ་རབས་སྔ་མའི་ལས་སྨོན་ལས་བརྟེན་ གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ཐུགས་ཁར་ འབྲལ་མི་ཕད་པའི་ཐུགས་བརྩེ་དང་ ཕར་ཚུར་དགའ་བའི་ཤུགས་ཀྱིས་ གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་དགའ་བའི་གཏམ་སླབ་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཡང་ སྔར་བ་ལྷགཔ་སྦེ་ཚོང་ལཱ་གི་ སྙན་གྲགས་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ བོད་འབྲུག་གཉིས་ལས་ གཟེངས་བསྟོད་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཁོ་ལུ་འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ སློབ་དཔོན་གངས་ཆེན་ཟེར་ཡང་ཞུ་ནི་ཡོད་ཟེར་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་གཞན་ཕན་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དེས་ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ རིམ་བྱོན་གྱི་དྲུང་ཆེན་ བཟུམ་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ གནང་ནི་འདི་གིས་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; &lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ཁོ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་གཟིམ་དཔོན་དང་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ཚོང་དཔོན་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་ གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ ཁོ་མགྲོན་གཉེར་སྦེ་ བསྐོས་གནང་ནུག། འདེའི་སྐབས་ཁོ་གིས་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་མེ་བཞེས་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ གསར་སྒྲུབ་འབད་ས་ ཕྱག་འགན་སྦོམ་མཛད་གནང་ཡི། དཔོན་སློབ་གསུམ་གྱི་གྲས་ལས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་འཁོར་ལོ་རྩིབས་བརྒྱད་ ཚུདཔ་ལས་ ཁོང་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་དཔོན་ཁག་ཚུ་གི་ མགོ་བསྐོར་ཐོག་ལས་དཔོན་སློབ་བཀྲོང་ནི་ཨིནམ་ གཟིམ་དཔོན་གྱིས་མཁྱེན་ཏེ་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྲོང་གསར་ལུ་ལོག་བྱོན་ནུག། འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་ཁེ་ཀོ་དང་སྟོབས་ཤུགས་ཚུ་སླབ་པ་ཅིན་ མིག་ཐོལ་ཡང་ཁོ་གིས་ འདྲོག་འབད་འབདཝ་ ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཡང་འདུག། དེ་ལས་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༩ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༢༠༢ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༣ ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁར་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་སྔར་གྱི་དམ་བཅའ་ སེམས་ལས་མ་བརྗེད་པར་ པདྨ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་གཉེན་གྲོགས་སྦེ་བསྟན་ནི་ཨིན་ ཟེར་ཡབ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ལུ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ གཉེན་འདུན་མཛད་ནུག། དབང་འདུས་ཆོས་གླིང་ཕོ་བྲང་ལུ་སྦེ་ སྔར་ལུགས་དང་འཁྲིལ་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་རིམ་གྱིས་བསྒྲིག་སྟེ་ ལྕམ་པདྨ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་ ཁབ་ཏུ་བཞེས་ནུག། ཁོང་གཉིས་ལུ་སྲས་འཕྲིན་ལས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་དང་ སྲས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ དེ་ལས་སླསམོ་ ཨ་ཞེ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་ གསུམ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ཕྱི་གླིང་པ་གིས་ བེངྒལ་དང་ཨ་སམ་ཕྱོགས་ དབང་བསྒྱུར་བའི་སྐབས་ ས་མཚམས་ཀྱི་འབྲུག་གི་དཔོན་ཁག་ཚུ་གིས་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་བཙོན་ཁྲིམས་མང་རབས་བཀོལ་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གིས་ཞི་བའི་གསུང་གྲོས་གནང་ནིའི་དཔའ་བཅམ་རུང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ནང་འཁྲུགས་ལས་བརྟེན་ འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་མ་ཚུགས་པས། ཨིན་རུང་ཕྱི་གཞུང་གི་སྐུ་ཚབ་ཨ་ཤེ་ལི་ཨི་ཌེན་ འབྲུག་ལུ་འབྱོན་རུང་འདེའི་སྐབས་ གཞུང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཚུ་ རང་དོན་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོནམ་ལས་ སྐུ་ཚབ་ལོག་རྒྱ་གར་ལུ་སོང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༤ རྫོགས་ཁམས་ལས་ས་མཚམས་ཁར་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་དམག་རྐྱབ་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག། དེ་སྐབས་ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ བྱ་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་བླ་གཟིམ་བསོད་ནམས་དོན་གྲུབ་གསུམ་དམག་དཔོན་སྦེ་བྱོན་ནུག། འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ཕྱི་གླིང་པའི་དམག་དཔོན་བསད་དེ་ ལོག་ཀྲོང་གསར་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ཕྱི་གླིང་པ་གིས་ བདེ་ཝ་ཐང་ལས་དམག་ལོག་རྐྱབ་ད་ ཞི་བའི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་བཟོ་ནིའི་ ཐུགས་མཐུན་བྱུང་བའི་མཐའ་མར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ ཚེས་ ༡༡ ལུ་སིན་ཅུ་ལ་ལུ་སྦེ་ དོན་ཚན་ ༡༠ འབད་མི་གི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་བཟོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ཕྱི་ནང་གི་དགྲ་བཏུལ་བའི་མཐའ་མར་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་གཏམ་སྙན་གྲགས་དང་ མཛད་ཤུལ་གྱིས་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ དེའི་སྐབས་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་སྟོང་པ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཚུ་གིས་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་སྦེ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༥༣ པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྐྱོངམ་མ་ཚད་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་གསར་བཞེངས་ནང་ རང་བྱོན་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ དུས་གསུམ་སངས་རྒྱས་དང་ འཕགས་པ་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་མ་ མཁན་པོའི་གཟིམ་ཅུང་ནང་ དུས་གསུམ་སངས་རྒྱས་དང་གནས་བརྟན་བཅུ་དྲུག མཚན་ཉིད་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་འཇམ་དབྱངས་གསེར་སྐུ། གཟུངས་པའི་ནང་ཐུབ་པ་སྐུ་རྐྱང་། ལ་སོགས་པ་ཕུལ་གནང་ནུག།  སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༧༣ ཆུ་སྦྲུལ་ཟླ ༣ པའི་ནང་ གོང་གཟིམ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཏུ་གསར་བསྐོས་འབད་དེ་ ཁོ་ར་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ ཁོ་གིས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༧༨ ས་སྟག་ལུ་ སྲས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་དགུང་ལོ་ ༡༧ ལུ་སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་དང་།  སྲས་རྒན་ཤོས་ཕྲིན་ལས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༢ ལུ་དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་དཔོན་ལུ་ བསྐོ་བཞག་གནངམ་མ་ཚད། གཞུང་མགྲོན་གཉེར་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་དཔོན་དང་ དར་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་བསམ་གཏན་རྡོ་རྗེ་ བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་སྟེ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ངང་ལུ་སྐྱོངས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༡ ལྕགས་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་ལུ་དགུང་ལོ་ ༥༧ བཞེས་པའི་སྐབས་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལས་གསོལ་ཐབ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་འབྱོནམ་ད་ རྡོ་ཅོག་ལ་ལས་ ཆིབས་གཡག་གུར་ཆིབས་ཏེ་ ལྷུང་ཚོ་ལུ་ཕེབས་ད་ ཆིབས་གཡག་འཆམ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་རྒྱུག་འགྱོཝ་ད་ ཞབས་ཡབ་ནང་ལས་བཏོན་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ འདྲུད་བདའ་སྟེ་ དབུ་ལུ་རྨ་སྐྱོན་སྦོམ་ཞུགསཔ་ལས་ དཔྱ་ཤིང་གུར་སྦེ་སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་རྫོང་ནང་ཞུ་ནུག།  མི་རྗེ་ཁོ་རའི་སྲས་གཉིས་དང་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ ཨ་ལུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་བཞི་ལུ་ ཁོང་ར་བཞི་གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་ ཆ་རོགས་འབད་དགོ་པའི་ཞལ་ཆེམས་དང་ སྲས་གཉིས་ལུ་མ་འོངས་པའི་ཞལ་གདམས་ཚུ་ གསུངས་ཏེ་དགུང་ཞག་ ༥ བཞུགས་པའི་མཐའ་མར་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ།  (༢༠༠༨) འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་དང་པའི་རྟོགས་བརྗོད། ཐིམ་ཕུག། དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ།</text>
      <sha1>qaiq3sev3ztb3qzsib3oofqivtfkwbz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>འབྲུག་དང་པའི་རྟོགས་བརྗོད།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4729</id>
    <revision>
      <id>28865</id>
      <parentid>28863</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-03-24T05:03:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Rpel moved page [[མི་དབང་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག།]] to [[འབྲུག་དང་པའི་རྟོགས་བརྗོད།]]: Appropriate name</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50836" xml:space="preserve">=== མི་དབང་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པ་དང་སྐུ་ཡོན་སྦྱངས་པ་མཛད་པའི་སྐོར། ===

&lt;big&gt;༉ དེ་ཡང་ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༢༡༡ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༤ པའི་ཆུ་ཁྱི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༢ ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཀུར་སྟོད་དུང་དཀར་ཆོས་རྗེ་ལས་འབད་མི་ ཡབ་ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་བཅུ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ བུམ་ཐང་གཏམ་ཞིང་ཆོས་རྗེ་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་སྲས་མོ་ ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་པད་མ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་སུ་ བུམ་ཐང་དབང་འདུས་ཆོས་གླིང་ལུ་ དགེ་བའི་མཚན་བཟང་པོ་དང་བཅས་ཏེ་ གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ནི་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། གོང་ས་མི་དབང་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ནི་ སྲས་སྲོས་གསུམ་གྱི་བར་མ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སྲས་དང་པ་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༦ ལོར་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པ་དང་ གསུམ་པ་ནི་ སྲས་མོ་ཨ་ཞེ་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་ཨིན་པས། 
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ནི་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་ཁྱད་དུ་འཕགས་པའི་སྟོབས་དང་ རིག་རྩལ་གྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཚུ་ གཞན་ལས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འགྲན་ཟླ་དང་བྲལ་བའི་གྲགས་པ་ཐོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ལས་ ཁོ་ར་སྐུ་ན་ཨ་རྩི་བཞེངས་པའི་བསྒང་ལས་ནི་ ཁོ་རའི་ཨ་ཞང་ པད་གླིང་བརྒྱད་པ་ཀུན་བཟང་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་ལས་ བྲི་ནི་དང་ལྷག་ནིའི་ཡན་ཏན་ཚུ་ ལྷབ་སྦྱངས་འགོ་བཙུགསཔ་ད་ ཤེས་བྱ་ཡོན་ཏན་ཚུ་ལྷབ་སྦྱངས་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ སྔོན་སྦྱངས་ཀྱི་ངང་གཤིས་ཡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ དཀའ་སྡུག་མེད་པར་མཁྱེན་ཏེ་ རང་ལུགས་ཀུན་རྫོབ་ཀྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཚུ་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ལྷབ་སྦྱངས་མཛད་གནངམ་མ་ཚད་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ཏེ་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༨ དེམ་ཅིག་ཁ་ལས་ ཡབ་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ཁར་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་གི་འཇར་རོགས་དང་དབྱེ་བ་མེད་པར་ ཉི་མ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ མི་སེར་དམངས་ཀྱི་གྱལ་ཁར་ དྲོ་པ་དང་ཕྱི་རུ་ཕྱག་སྒར་པའི་སྦུག་ན་སྒྲིག་རྒྱུག་སྟེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ལུ་ ཉམས་བཞེད་ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཡབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ ཁོ་རའི་སྲས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ནི་ དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་སྔ་གོང་གཉིས་ལུ་ཕྱག་སྒར་པའི་གྲལ་བཞུགས་ནི་དང་ གསོལ་ཚོགས་ཚུ་ཡང་འཇར་རོགས་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་བཞེས་བཅུག་མི་དེ་ཡང་ མ་འོངས་པ་ལུ་མི་སེར་གཞན་གྱི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་ཚུ་ ཧ་གོ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཐུགས་དགོངས་བཞེས་གནང་སྟེ་ ཁོ་ལུ་སྦྱངས་པ་མཛད་གནང་བཅུག་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ དགུང་ལོ་བཅུ་གཉིས་ལས་ ས་དམར་རྫིང་ཁ་དང་ལུང་བསྟན་ཟམ་པའི་བར་གྱི་ལམ་སེལ་བའི་སྐབས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཁོ་ར་ཡང་ འཇར་རོགས་གཞན་ཚུ་དང་འདྲན་འདྲ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་བཅུགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ ནགས་ཚལ་ལས་ཕར་ ཤིང་ཚུ་ཡང་འཐུ་སྟེ་ རྫོང་ནང་ལྷོད་དགོ་པའི་ཕྱག་འགན་ཚུ་ དགུང་ལོ་བཅུ་དྲུག་གི་རིང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཚུ་ ཉམས་བཞེད་མཛད་དེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༢༢༢ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༧༣ པའི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཡབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ནི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ལྔ་བཅུ་ང་གཅིག་པའི་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ང་གཉིས་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ ཡབ་ཀྱི་སྤུན་མཆེད་ གོང་གཟིམ་སྐྱིད་ཚལ་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ལུ་གོ་སར་བསྐོས་གནང་སྟེ་ ཡབ་རྗེ་ཁོ་ར་ནི་ སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་བསྒང་ སྤུངས་ཐང་རྫོང་དཔོན་དམ་ཆོས་རིན་ཆེན་གྱིས་ ཡབ་ལུ་རྒྱབ་འགལ་སྦེ་འབད་འོངམ་ལས་ སྤུངས་ཐང་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཡང་གསརཔ་བཀལ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༥ པའི་འབྲུ་མང་ཞེས་པ་ས་ཕོ་སྟག་ལོ་ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༢༢༧ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༧༨ ལོུར་ དགུང་ལོ་བཅུ་བདུན་པའི་སྐབས་ ཁོ་རའི་བློ་ཁོག་དང་རིག་སྟོབས་ལས་བརྟེན་ གཟའ་སྐར་ཚེས་གྲངས་དགེ་བའི་ཉིན་མར་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་མཛད་སྒོའི་རིམ་པ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ སྤ་གྲོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་ཁར་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།   
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་བསྒང་ད་རུང་ བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་དུང་དཀར་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་དཔོན་པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན་གཉིས་ཀུ་དབང་ཚད་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ལས་མ་འགྲིགས་པར་ དམག་འཁྲུགས་སྦོམ་ལངསམ་ལས་ བྱ་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་དམག་དཔོན་སྦེ་ མགྲོན་གསོ་པ་སེང་གེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་བཏངམ་མ་ཚད་ ཀྲོང་གསར་རབ་སྡེ་དང་མཐུན་ལམ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ རབ་སྡེའི་དགེ་སློང་ཚུ་གིས་གསང་སྒོ་ཕྱེ་བཞགཔ་ལས་ འདི་འཕྲོ་ལས་བྱ་དཀར་པའི་དམག་ཚུ་རྫོང་ནང་འཛུལ་ཏེ་ དམག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་ཡོད་རུང་ བྱ་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན་གིས་ མགྲོན་གསོཔ་སེངྒེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་མགྲོན་གཉེར་གྱི་གོ་གནས་གནང་ནི་ཨིན་པའི་ཞལ་བཞེས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སོང་གེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ཡང་ དམག་འགན་འབག་སྟེ་རྐྱབ་ནི་དེ་གིས་ དམག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཁོ་ར་དཔོན་སློབ་མཛད་པའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་མགྲོན་མཉེར་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ཁར་ ཁོ་རའི་ཁོད་ཀིན་བསྐོས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འདི་ མགྲོན་གསོཔ་སེངྒེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་བཀྲོངས་ཡོདཔ་ད་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འདི་ སྲས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་ཨ་ཞང་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ ཡུམ་གྱི་བཀའ་དང་འབྲེལ་ འདས་ལོ་ ༢༣༥ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༦ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༥ པའི་མེ་ཁྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་ མགྲོན་གསོཔ་སེངྒེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་བཀྲོངས་ཏེ་ དེ་བསྒང་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཁོ་ར་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་ཁར་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་རྒྱ་དྲུང་བསྐོ་བཞག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ མཐའ་མཇུག་ལུ་ ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་རྒྱུན་བརྟན་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཟོ་བའི་ཤུལ་ གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྒྲིང་སྒྲིང་འགྱུར་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་བཟོ་ནིའི་ བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དགོ་པའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད་གནངམ་བཞིན་དུ། དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་རབས་གསལ་བའི་སྒྲོན་མེ་ནང་ ཀ་ལི་ཕུ་ལུ་ཚོང་རྐྱབ་སྡོད་མི་ འབྲས་ལྗོངས་པའི་གོ་གནས་ཀྱི་མིང་ (ཀར་ཛི) ཟེར་སླབ་མི་ ཨྱོན་རྡོ་རྗེ་དེ་ རྒྱུ་དང་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་སྟོབས་ཆེ་བ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ལུ་ཡིད་ཆེས་དད་པ་སྐྱེད་མི་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གི་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་ལྔ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལས་ དབང་བསྐུར་དང་དཔེ་ཁྲིད་ཞུ་བའི་ཡ་མཚན་ཆུ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་གསན་པའི་ཤུལ་ བསོད་ནམས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་ སྐད་གྲགས་ཡོངས་སུ་ཁྱབ་པ་དེ་ ག་ཟེར་མི་ཨིན་ན་ གཟིགས་དགོཔ་གལ་ཆེ་ཟེར་སྐུ་མདུན་བཅར་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་ཤོག་གནངམ་བཞིན་དུ་ ཀར་ཛི་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་དེ་ བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་ཕྱག་དབང་ལུ་བཅར་ནུག། དེ་སྐབས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་སྐོར་ལས་དྲི་བའི་སྐབས། སྤ་གྲོ་བཙན་ཏོ་དང་ ཨ་པ་དུང་དཀར་ཆོས་རྗེ་དཔའ་ལ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་བུ་ ཟུར་པ་དང་ལྷག་པར་དུ་ རྗོང་དཔོན་བགྲེསཔ་ཤར་པ་སྤུན་ཅུང་གི་བུ་དང་ ཉེ་ཚན་ཕོགཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཤུལ་ལས་ལྷོ་མཚམས་ཁ་ཐུག་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་སྐུ་ཚབ་ཡང་དག་པ་ཅིག་མེདཔ་བཞིན་དུ་ རྒྱ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་གྱི་བར་ན་འཕྲལ་འཕྲལ་ར་འཛིང་འཁྲུག་དང་དམག་འཁྲུག་ལ་སོགས་པ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་ཏོག་ཏོ་མེདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྐུ་ཚབ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་མེད་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་ རྒྱ་མཚམས་ཁའི་སྐུ་ཚབ་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། 
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༩༢ ལུ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་ལས་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཟླ་བ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་ བོད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཚབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ཞལ་འཛོམས་འཚོགས་ནུག། ཕ་རི་ལུ་ཆིངས་ཡིག་མཚན་་རྟགས་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཨ་ལུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ཧཱ་དང་ དགའ་ས་ལུ་ མི་ཚེ་གཅིག་བདག་སྐྱོང་དབང་ཚད་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིནམ་ད་ ཁོ་གི་བཟའ་ཚང་ཚུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་སྒེར་གྱི་ས་གཞི་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཨ་ལུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཆུམ་སྦི་ལུང་པ་ལུ་གཞི་ཆགས་ཏེ་ མཐའ་མ་མཐུན་འགྲིག་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཚེ་ལས་འདས་སོ་ནུག། 
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༢༤༩ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༠ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༥ ལྕགས་བྱི་ཟླ་ ༨ ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་གནང་ནུག། གཞུང་གི་བཀའ་ཤོག་ལྟར་ རྒྱ་དྲུང་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལུ་ལྷོ་མཚམས་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཨ་མར་ཏ་ལ་ལས་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་དར་དཀར་ཚུན་གྱི་ བདག་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནིའི་་དབང་ཚད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ལུ་འགན་ཁག་ཡོད་མི་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ནུག། བིརི་ཊིཤ་ཚུ་གིས་དོན་ལུ་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་འབྲུག་གི་ངོ་ཚབ་ཨིནམ་ད་ འབྲུག་གི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ནིའི་འགན་ཁག་ཕོགཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཀ་པུང་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་ཁ་སྐད་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ལྷབ་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== བིརི་ཊིཤི་གི་ངོས་འཛིན། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ བོད་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གྲོས་བསྡུར་གྱི་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་བཟོ་བའི་སྐབས་ ཕྱག་འགན་ལྷག་བསམ་དག་པའི་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་མཛད་གནངམ་མ་ཚད་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ཐབས་ཤེས་མ་འདྲཝ་ སྣ་ཚོགས་བཏོན་ཏེ་ བསམ་པའི་རེ་བ་འགྲུབ་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་དང་སེམས་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེདཔ་བཞིན་དུ་ བིརི་ཊི་ཤི་གིས་ངལ་རངས་དང་བཀའ་དྲིན་དགའ་ཚོར་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༢༥༤ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༥ ཤིང་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་ལུ་ གཟེངས་བསྟོད་ཀྱི་རྟགས་མ་ ཀེ་སི་ཨའི་ཨེ་སི་ཟེར་ གསེར་གྱི་རྟགས་མ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;རྟགས་མ་གནང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སི་ཀིམ་གྱི་བིརི་ཊིཤི་སྲིད་དོན་འགོ་དཔོན་ཇོན་ཀཱལཝཊ་ཝིཊ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བཏང་ནུག། གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་ སྲས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལུ་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་གི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ངོས་འཛིན་གནངམ་མ་ཚད་ གོ་གནས་ཡར་སེང་གནང་སྟེ་ ཧཱ་དྲུང་པ་གི་གོ་གནས་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ཤུལ་ལས་གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་སྲིད་དོན་འགོ་དཔོན་ཇོན་ཀཱལཝཊ་ཝིཊ་གཉིས་ ཆོས་གྲོགས་འཆམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༥ ལུ་ གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་མཆོག་གི་ཚ་བོ་ བོད་ལྷ་ལུང་ལུ་ པད་གླིང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་བརྩི་སྲུང་མཛད་ས་ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་དང་ཇོན་ཀཱལཝཊ་ཝིཊ་གཉིས་གཅིག་ཁར་བྱོན་ནུག། རྒྱུ་མཚན་དང་དམིགས་དོན་གཙོ་བོ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་བིརི་ཊིཤི་རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ བརྩེ་གདུང་དང་མཐུན་ལམ་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་བཟོ་ཐབས་ལུ་ཨིན་ནོ།།
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== མི་རྗེ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་ བསྟན་སྲིད་ལུ་ཕན་པའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་སྐུ་སྤུན་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ སྲས་ཕྲིན་ལས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ནི་ བོད་ལྷ་ལུང་གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་བཞུགས་མི་འདི་་ ཡབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཞབས་ལས་ རང་དོན་ཐར་པ་བསྒྲུབ་ནི་ལས་ གཞན་དོན་ཕྲིན་ལས་རྣམ་བཞིའི་སྒོ་ལས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་བསྟན་སྲིད་བཟུང་དགོཔ་ གལ་ཆེ་བའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད་གནང་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་འོང་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་གནང་མི་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ དགེ་སློང་གི་སྡོམ་པ་དེ་ རྟེན་གསུམ་གྱི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལུ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ཁར་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་མཛད་སྒོའི་རིམ་པ་དང་བཅས་ཏེ་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་གྲལ་ ལོག་ཤུལ་ལས་སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གུར་ཡང་བཞུགས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༣ པའི་ལོར་ ཁོ་ར་སྙིང་ནད་ཀྱིས་ཤི་སོངཔ་ལས་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གུར་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཁོ་རའི་ སྤུན་ཆ་བཅར་ཤོས་ཟླ་བ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་འདི་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུཝ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ རྒྱ་གར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཡང་མེདཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག། ད་རུང་  རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཁོ་རའི་ སྤུན་ཆ་བཅར་ཤོས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཨ་ཞང་པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན་གཤགས་མིའི་སྲས་འཆི་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ནི་ བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་དཔོན་གི་གོ་གནས་གུར་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།  
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཨ་ཞང་པདྨ་བསྟན་འཛིན་གཤགས་མིའི་སྲས་འཆི་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་དང་ མི་རྗེ་ཁོ་རའི་སྲིངམོ་ ཡོ་ཤེས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་གཉིས་གཉེན་ལམ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་འགྱོ་ནི་དེ་གིས་ འཆི་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལུ་བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་གནངམ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༨༨༤ པའི་ལོར་ཡུམ་པདྨ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་གཤགས་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་ ཁོ་རའི་སྲིངམོ་ ཡེ་ཤེས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དང་ཁོད་ཀིན་འཆི་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ལུ་ བུམ་ཐང་དབང་འདུས་ཆོས་གླིང་གི་ཕོ་བྲང་འདི་ ཤུལ་བཞག་དང་གྲལ་གནང་ནུག། བྱ་དཀར་་རྫོང་དཔོན་འཆི་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེའི་སྲིངམོ་ཨ་ཞེ་རིན་ཆེན་དཔལ་མོ་འདི་ བསྟེན་དུ་རུང་བའི་ཨམ་སྲུ་གི་མཚན་ཉིད་དང་ལྡནམ་ལས་ མི་རྗེ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༢༣༤ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༥ པའི་རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༥ པའི་ཤིང་བྱ་ལོར་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༤ བཞེས་པའི་སྐབས་ མཚན་ལྟས་མཛད་སྒོའི་རིམ་པ་དང་བཅས་ བཙུན་མོར་ཁབ་ཏུ་བཞེས་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེའི་ཤུལ་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་ཡང་ ཡབ་རྗེ་དམ་པའི་ཞལ་ཆེམ་ལྟར་དུ་ ཁོང་གཉིས་ལུ་སྤུན་ཆའི་འདུ་ཤེས་གནང་སྟེ་ ཤེལ་རྔ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལུ་ སྤུངས་ཐང་རྫོང་དཔོན་དང་ ཨ་ལོ་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ཁར་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། 
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== མཐའ་མ་ཆམ་ལུ་ཕབ་པའི་དམག་འཐབ་ཀྱི་མཛད་པའི་སྐོར། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ནི་དེ་གིས་ མི་དབང་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ནི་ ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ནང་ར་བཞུགས་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་འཁོར་ལོ་རྩིབས་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ཆབ་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་དགོཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཁོང་ར་མཐུན་ཚོགས་ཅན་གྱི་དཔོན་གཡོག་ཚུ་ ཁ་འགྱེས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་དགོཔ་ཐོན་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེའི་བསྒང་ མི་རིང་བ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ནི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྐྱོང་བའི་དུས་ལུ་ ཁོ་གི་ཕ་སྤུན་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་དང་ཨ་ལོ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ལུ་ག་ནི་ཡང་ འདྲི་བསྟུན་མ་འབད་བར་ ཕྱོགས་གཅིག་གི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ནི་ ཁོང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཁ་བསྡོམས་སྟེ་ ཁོང་རའི་མི་ངོ་གཅིག་གདམ་ཁ་རྐྱབ་བཞིན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གུར་མངའ་གསོལ་བཞུགས་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ལུ་གཟིགས་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཁོང་ཁྲོ་ལངས་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ ཕ་སྤུན་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་དང་ཨ་ལོ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་  ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྐུ་གསོད་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་བཀྲོངས་དགོ་པའི་ཡི་གུ་དང་ ནང་གསུག་དངུལ་ཀྲམ་ ༤༠༠ བསྡམས་ཏེ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་མགྲོན་གཉེར་འཆང་ལོང་ལུ་བཏངམ་མ་ཚད་ དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ དཔོན་སློབ་ལུ་ཡང་ གནད་དོན་གཞན་གྱི་སྐོར་ལས་གསལ་བའི་ཞུ་ཡིག་ཅིག་བསྡམས་སྦེ་ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༢༣༣ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༨༨༤ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༥ ཤིང་སྤྲེལ་ལོ་ལུ་བསྐྱལ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཡི་གུ་གཉིས་པོ་ མགྲོན་གཉེར་གྱི་ལགཔ་ཁར་ལྷོད་དེ་ཡོད་མི་ནང་ དཔོན་སློབ་རྐུ་གསོད་བརྐྱབ་དགོ་པའི་གནད་དོན་འཐོན་ནི་དེ་གིས་ མགྲོན་གཉེར་འཆང་ལོང་དེ་གིས་ དངུལ་ཀྲམ་བཞི་བརྒྱ་དང་སྦྲགས་ཏེ་བཏང་པའི་ཡི་གུ་དེ་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལུ་འདི་འཕྲོ་ལས་གཟིགས་ཕུལ་ཕུལཝ་ལས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ནི་རྣམ་རྟོག་ལངམ་དང་བཅས་ ཁོ་ལུ་གནས་ཚུལ་དེ་བཟུམ་ཨིན་པས་ཟེར་གསུངས་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;རྒྱུ་མཚན་དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཁོང་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ངོ་རྒོལ་རྐྱབ་ནི་ཨིན་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དེ་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་གསན་ཡོད་རུང་ དང་པ་ཡབ་རྗེ་དམ་པའི་ཞལ་ཆེམས་དང་འགལཝ་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ གཉིས་པ་ཐག་རིང་གི་གཏམ་ལུ་བདེན་པ་ཡོད་མེད་ཡང་མི་ཤེས་ཟེར་ གསུམ་པ་ དོན་མེད་ཀྱི་དམག་འཐབ་ཀྱི་བྱ་བ་ལས་བརྟེན་ རང་གཞན་དང་ ཤར་ནུབ་ཀྱི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་འབྱུང་འོང་ཟེར་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ཐུགས་བཞེད་རྒྱ་ཆེ་ས་ལས་གནང་སྟེ་ ཤར་རཱ་ཛ་འོག་ལུ་འོང་སྟེ་ ཞལ་འཛོམས་གནང་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་ཤོག་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ ཁོང་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ཡང་ དེ་སྦེ་བཏུབ་པའི་ལན་ཡོད་རུང་ ཁོང་གཉིས་འོང་ནི་ཕར་བཞག་ ཞུ་ལན་དང་སྐུ་ཚབ་ཙམ་ཡང་མ་བཏངམ་ལས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ ཐུགས་གདིང་ལས་ཕམ་སྟེ་ ཁོང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ངོ་རྒོལ་འབདཝ་ཐག་ཆོད་དེ་ ཚར་མ་གཅོད་པར་བཞག་ཐབས་མེད་པའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད་གནང་སྟེ་ ལོག་ཀྲོང་གསར་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་ དམག་ཚུ་གྲ་སྒྲིག་རྐྱབ་བཞིན་ ཁོ་རའི་སྒར་ལྟོ་ཚུ་དང་སྒར་ལྟོའི་རིགས་ཆ་མཉམ་བཀུག་སྟེ་ དམག་ཚོགས་ཡང་མང་སྡེ་ལུང་པའི་གཞུང་ལམ་ཁར་ཡང་ཤོང་མ་ཤོངམ་ཅིག་སྤུངས་ཡོདཔ་ད་ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༢༣༤ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༥ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༥ ཤིང་བྱ་ལོའི་ཟླ་བ་དང་པའི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་ དམག་མི་གྲངས་འབོར་ ༢༡༤༠ འི་རྩིས་ཀྱི་དཔུང་འཚོགས་ཏེ་ ཉིན་ཞག་གསུམ་གྱི་ནང་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ལུ་ཕེབས་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ སྤུངས་ཐང་གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་དགེ་འདུན་པའི་སྡེ་ཚུ་ཡང་ཐུགས་གདུངས་ཏེ་ཞབས་ས་ཁར་མ་ཆག་པར་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་གཅིག་པ་ རྗེ་ངག་དབང་དོན་ལྡན་གྱིས་དབུ་གཙོས་པའི་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚུ་ གོང་སའི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ དམག་གི་སྦྱོར་བ་མ་དགོ་པའི་ཞི་བའི་ཆིངས་འགྲིགས་ཀྱི་གསོལ་བཏབ་ཞུ་བར་བཅར་ལུགས་གསུངས་ཡོད་རུང་ གོང་ས་གི་གསུངས་མི་ནང་ ཁོང་གཉིས་དང་ངེ་གི་བདེན་བརྫུན་ནི་ དཀོན་མཆོག་དཔང་དུ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་དབྱེ་བ་མ་ཕྱེ་བར་ཐབས་མེད་ཐལ་སོངཔ་ལས་ བྱ་བ་འདི་བརྩམ་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན། ཁོ་ལུ་འཛོལ་བ་ཡོདན་ ཉེས་ཆད་ཁོ་རའི་སྲོག་ཐོག་འབབ་ནི་དང་ ཁོང་ལུ་འཛོལ་བ་ཡོདན་ ཉེས་ཆད་ཁོང་རའི་སྲོག་ཐོག་འབབ་པའི་ཐུགས་སྨོན་གནང་སྟེ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་ལྷ་མོ་ཞལ་ཧོནམ་ཉིནམ་གསུམ་གནང་དགོ་པའི་གསོལ་འདེབས་ཞུ་ནི་དང་ དེའི་འགྲོ་སོང་ང་ར་གིས་ཕུལ་འོང་ཟེར་གསུངས་ནུག། 
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་གཉིས་པ་དགའ་བ་བཟང་པོ་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁར་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་ཨ་ལོ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་གཉིས་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་དམག་གི་རོགས་རམ་ག་ཅི་ཡང་གནང་མ་བཏུབ་ནི་དེ་གིས་ ཁོང་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་དགའ་བ་བཟང་པོ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ལས་ཕབ་སྟེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གསརཔ་བཏོན་ནི་སྦེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུའི་ཡབ་ དཀོན་མཆོག་དབང་འདུས་ལུ་ དངུལ་ཀྲམ་སུམ་སྟོང་དྲུག་བརྒྱ་དང་སྦྲགས་ཏེ་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཛད་དགོ་པའི་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལ་ཡོད་རུང་ ཡབ་དཀོན་མཆོག་དབང་འདུས་ཀྱིས་ཡང་ གོ་གནས་ལུ་དང་འདོད་ཡང་མེད་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཏེ་ཞལ་བཞེས་མ་མཛད་པས།
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་དབུ་གཙོས་པའི་དམག་སྡེ་གཙོ་བོ་མེ་མདའ་སྒང་ལུ་ལྷོད་པའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ཨ་ལོ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གི་དམག་སྡེ་ཚུ་ཡང་ སྤུངས་ཐང་ཁ་ལས་ཐོན་ཏེ་ ཕོ་ཆུ་བརྒལ་འཛོམས་ཕ་ཁར་དམག་ཐེངས་དང་པ་ཕྱད་པའི་སྐབས་ རྫོང་དཔོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཁ་ཐུག་གི་དམག་མི་གཅིག་བསདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཅིག་ནདཔ་བཏོན་ཏེ་ དམག་ཡང་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ དམག་འཛིང་གཉིས་པ་འདི་ བྱི་ལི་སྒང་ལུ་ ཧེ་མ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་ ཕྱད་དེ་དམག་འཐབ་པའི་སྐབས་ རྫོང་དཔོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་དམག་མི་བཞི་ དམར་བསད་བཏངམ་ལས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་དམག་ལུ་མ་ཐུབ་པར་ རྫོང་དཔོན་གཉིས་ཡང་རྒྱབ་བཤུད་རྐྱབ་མ་ཚད་ སྤུངས་ཐང་ཁ་ལས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ཁ་ཐུག་བྱོག་འགྱོ་དགོཔ་ཐོན་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་དམག་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ སྤུངས་ཐང་ཁ་ལས་བྱོག་ཐིམ་ཕུག་སོང་པའི་རྟིང་བདའ་སྟེ་ ཀླུ་གྲོང་སྒང་ལས་མར་ཐོན་པའི་བསྒང་ ཨ་ལོ་རྡོ་རྗེའི་དམག་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ཚགས་ཁར་མ་ཚུད་པར་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཁ་ཐུག་མ་ཐལ་ དེ་གི་ནངས་པ་ར་ རི་མགོ་ལས་མར་སྦེ་སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁའི་རྫོང་ནང་ལྷོད་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་དམག་མི་ཚུ་འཁྱིད་དེ་ ཧིང་ལི་ལ་བརྒལ་ཏེ་སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁའི་རི་འོག་ལས་མར་འཛུལ་ཏེ་ སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁའི་རྫོང་གཞིས་ནི་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་ཕྱག་ལུ་ཚུད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་དམག་མི་ཚུ་ ལུང་བསྟན་ཕུག་ལུ་འཐབ་སྟེ་ དེའི་བསྒང་གཉའ་རྒོད་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་དུས་གཅིག་ལུ་བསདཔ་ལས་ རྫོང་དཔོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་དམག་མི་ཚུ་ཡུདཔ་ཐེངས་ཅིག་ལུ་ གར་སོང་ཡང་མེད་པར་ བྱོག་ཡར་སོ་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཟེརཝ་རྩ་ལས་མེད་པར་ སྦུལ་གྱི་ཚང་ནང་ ཞག་ཉལ་ཉལཝ་ལས་སྐྱོཝ་སྦེ་སྡོད་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ རྫོང་&lt;big&gt;དཔོན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་གཅིག་པ་ངག་དབང་དོན་ལྡན་གྱིས་ མི་མང་སྤྱི་དོན་ལུ་ཐུགས་བཞེད་རྒྱ་ཆེ་ས་ལས་གནང་སྟེ་ ཞི་བའི་ཐོག་ཆིངས་འགྲིགས་དགོ་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་གསུངས་བཞིན་ གསུང་གྲོས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ཆོས་རྩེ་པའི་སྐུ་ཚབ་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཟླ་བ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་ རྫོང་དཔོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་འགོ་ཁྲིད་ཐོག་ཞལ་འཛོམས་གནང་ནི་གུར་ཐག་བཅད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
ཁོང་དཔོན་གཡོག་ཚུ་ཞལ་འཛོམས་གནང་སར་ལྷོད་པའི་བསྒང་ ཕྱོགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཚབ་ཚུ་གསུང་གྲོས་འགོ་མ་བཙུགས་པའི་ཧེ་མར་ གསོལ་མཛར་དྲངས་པའི་སྐབས་ དབང་རྫོང་པའི་མགྲོན་གཉེར་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་དེ་ དྲངས་བཞག་པའི་གྲལ་སྡོད་དེ་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྡོ་རྗེའི་གདོང་ཁར་ལྷོདཔ་ཅིག་བཀབ་ནེ་བུད་རྫུ་བཏབ་སྦེ་ དཔའ་རྟགས་ཀྱི་གཡུ་པ་བཀབ་ནེ་ལུ་རྡུགས་ཏེ་སྡོད་པའི་བར་ན་ རིན་སྤྱི་ཟླ་བ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱིས་དཔའ་རྟགས་གཡུག་ཐེངས་གཅིག་ལུ་ མགོ་གཉིས་བཀག་རྐྱབ་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་བཀོད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ཨ་ལོ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ ཁོ་རའི་གནས་ཚང་ཚུ་བོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ནང་བྱོག་ཡར་སོ་ནི་དེ་གིས་ མི་རྗེ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་འདི་ཁོ་རའི་ཨ་ཁུའི་བུ་ ཀུན་བཟང་ཕྲིན་ལས་ལུ་མཇལ་གསོལ་བཞུགས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༢༣༥ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༥ མེ་ཁྱི་ཟླ་ ༣ པའི་ནང་ ཐིམ་ཕུའི་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ནི་ལྷུན་རྩེའི་རྫོང་དཔོན་ ཨ་ཁུ་དུང་དཀར་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་བུ་ ཀུན་བཟང་ཕྲིན་ལས་དེ་ཡང་ ཨ་ལོ་རྡོ་རྗེའི་ཚབ་སྦེ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། 
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་ལྔ་པ་དགའ་བ་བཟང་པོ་ནི་ ཁོ་རའི་ཐུགས་འགན་བཞེས་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་དེ་ ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་མཛད་དེ་ དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ར་དབྱངས་པའི་སློབ་དཔོན་མཛད་མི་ སངས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༨༨༦ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༥ མེ་ཁྱི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་སྤུངས་ཐང་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཚབ་ དབང་ཕྱུག་བསྐོས་གནང་སྟེ། ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཁོ་ར་ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་དང་གོང་གཟིམ་སྦྲེལ་ཏེ་ མཛད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཚུར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ཞི་བདེའི་རྩ་བ་བཙུགས་ཚུགས་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== མི་དབང་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐོར། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་དགུ་བརྒྱ་བཅུ་བདུན་ (༡༩༡༧) ལུ་ གོང་གཟིམ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཁོ་རའི་སྲས་བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ ཧཱ་གི་དྲུང་པ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྡོད་མི་དེ་ གོང་གཟིམ་གྱི་གོ་གནས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ ལོ་གཅིག་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཟླ་བ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་འདི་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ རྒྱ་གར་རྫོང་དཔོན་འཆི་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ ཚ་བོ་ཚེ་རིང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་མཛད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; &lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་དགུ་བརྒྱ་བཅུ་མེད་ལྔ་ (༡༩༠༥) ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་མ་ཚད་མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་བཙུན་གཉིས་ལུ་ སྲས་དྲག་ཤོས་འགྱུར་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་འདི་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༡༢ དང་ སྲས་མོ་ཨ་ཞེ་དཀོན་མཆོག་དབང་མོ་འདི་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༡༥ དང་ སྲས་དྲག་ཤོས་ཀརྨ་ཕྲིན་ལས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་འདི་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༡༨ ལོར་སྲས་སྲསམོ་གསུམ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ལྷག་པར་དུ་མི་དབང་མཆོག་ལུ་བཙུན་མོ་དང་པ་ལས་སྲསམོ་གཉིས་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་ལྷ་མོ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༢༢ པའི་ལོར་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; &lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མི་དབང་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་ སྐུ་མཚམས་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་དགུ་བརྒྱ་ཉེར་དྲུག་(༡༩༢༦) ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་དགུང་ལོ་ ༦༧ པའི་ལོར་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་ནུག། མི་དབང་མཆོག་དགོངས་པ་མ་རྫོགས་པའི་ཧེ་མ་ གོ་ལ་དང་ཏི་རུ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་གཞུང་དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་ལུ་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགསཔ་ད་ མེ་སྦྱང་ཡང་སྐུ་རྗེས་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ལུ་ཕུལ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;


=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Gyamtsho, T. (1996). A History of Bhutan. Thimphu, Bhutan: Ministry of Health and Education</text>
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    <title>འབྲུག་གཉིས་པའི་རྟོགས་བརྗོད།</title>
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      <comment>Rpel moved page [[མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག།]] to [[འབྲུག་གཉིས་པའི་རྟོགས་བརྗོད།]]: Appropriate name</comment>
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      <text bytes="22628" xml:space="preserve">=== མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་སྐུ་བལྟམས་པ་དང་དང་སྐུ་ཡོན་སྦྱངས་པ་མཛད་པའི་སྐོར། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ དེ་ཡང་ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༢༥༦ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༥ གནམ་ལོ་མེ་སྦྲུལ་ལོར་ ཡབ་གཉོས་རིགས་མི་དབང་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ཡུམ་ཀུར་སྟོད་ལས་ ལྷུན་རྫོང་པ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་མི་དེའི་སྲས་མོ་ ཨ་ཞེ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་ལྷ་མོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་སུ་ མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ནི་ ཕོ་བྲང་ཕྲིན་ལས་རབ་བརྟན་ལུ་སྦེ་ དགེ་བའི་མཚན་ལྟས་དང་བཅས་ཏེ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།   རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པའི་སྐབས་ མི་དབང་ཡབ་རྗེ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་ དབུ་བླ་སྦས་ཡུལ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སྐུ་ཚེ་ཞབས་པད་བརྟན་པའི་དོན་ལུ་ བོད་ལུང་པའི་བླ་ཆེན་ཡོད་ཚད་དང་ འབྲུག་གི་གྲྭ་ཚང་དགོན་སྡེ་ཚུ་ནང་ སྐུ་རིམ་ཞབས་བརྟན་སྦོམ་སྒྲུབ་བཅུག་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཕོ་བྲང་ཕྲིན་ལས་རབ་བརྟན་དང་དབང་འདུས་ཆོས་གླིང་ཕོ་བྲང་ནང་སྦེ་ འབངས་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ གནང་སྦྱིན་དང་ཟས་སྟོན་ཚུ་ཡང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་སྲས་ནི་དགུང་ལོ་གཉིས་བཞེས་པའི་བསྒང་ལས་ རྟགས་དང་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཙང་ཙ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ དེ་བསྒང་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་ཡབ་འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་རྒྱལ་པོའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་གུར་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལས་ ཤེས་རིག་ཡོན་ཏན་སྤེལ་བའི་རོགས་རམ་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཐོབ་མ་ཚུགས་རུང་ ཡབ་མི་དབང་ཨོ་རྒྱན་མཆོག་ནི་ ཐུགས་ལུ་ཚ་གྱང་སྦོམ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ ཕྱི་ནང་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཚུ་སློབ་སྟོན་མཛད་མི་གཞན་མ་ཐོབ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་དགུང་ལོ་བདུན་ལས་ར་ ཡབ་རྗེ་ཁོ་རའི་ཕྱག་གཡོག་གྲལ་ལས་ སྒང་སྟེངཔ་རྒྱ་གར་ཟེར་མི་དེ་ ཤེས་བྱ་རིགས་ལམ་ཧ་ལམ་ཁོ་རའི་མགོ་འདྲོངསཔ་ཅིག་ཤེས་མི་ལས་རྒྱལ་སྲས་ལུ་ ཀ་ཁ་དང་སྦྱོར་ཀློག་ལས་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ ནང་པའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་འགོ་དང་པ་ཁོ་གིས་སྦྱང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་བུམ་ཐང་དབང་འདུས་ཆོས་གླིང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ནི་ འདས་ལོ་ ༢༦༥ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༡༤ ལོར་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༩ བཞེསཔ་ད་ ནང་པ་དང་ཧིན་དི་ཆོས་ཚན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཕུལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྐུ་ཚབ་ནོར་བུ་དང་འབྲས་ལྗོངས་པ་ཕན་ཏོག་གཉིས་ཆེད་དུ་འབོ་གནང་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་ལུགས་ཀྱི་སློབ་གྲྭ་འགོ་དང་པ་བཙུགསཔ་དང་བཅས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ ༡༤ ཤེས་ཡོན་ལྷབ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེའི་ལོ་དེ་ནང་ར་ གོང་གཟིམ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ཧཱ་ལུ་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ ༤༦ འབད་མི་སློབ་གྲྭ་གཅིག་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་སྟེ་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཚུ་སློབ་གཉེར་འབད་བཅུག་ཡོད་མིའི་ནང་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་ཆེ་མཐོའི་དཔོན་ཁག་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཅན་ཚུ་གི་སྦུག་ལུ་ ཧིན་དི་སྐད་ནང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ལས་རིམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་ སྦྱངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ཁོ་རའི་ཡབ་བཟུམ་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བསྟེན་ཏེ་ ཡབ་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ཁར་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་གི་འཇར་རོགས་དང་དབྱེ་བ་མེད་པར་ ཉིན་མ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ མི་སེར་དམངས་ཀྱི་གྱལ་ཁར་ དྲོ་པ་དང་ཕྱི་རུ་ཕྱག་སྒར་པའི་སྦུག་ན་སྒྲིག་རྒྱུག་སྟེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ལུ་ཉམས་བཞེད་ ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། 
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དབྱིན་ལོ་ ༡༩༡༩ ལོར་སྤྱི་གཙུག་གི་ཉི་ཟླ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་དགུང་ལོ་ ༡༤ བཞེས་པའི་དུས་འདིར་ཀྲོང་གསར་མགྲོན་གཉེར་སྦེ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༢༢ ལོར་ བཙུན་མོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ནི་ དགོངས་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་སུ་ཐིམ་པའི་རྗེས་སུ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་ལ་ ཧ་ཅང་གི་ཕྱག་འགན་ཧྲིལ་བུར་བྱེད་དགོས་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ ཕུང་པོ་འདོན་ལས་ཀྱང་ལམ་ལྷོང་ཅན་ལུ་འགྱུར་བ་མ་ཟད། རྗེས་འབྲང་དུ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁར་ མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་ནུག།ལོ་འདི་གི་ཤུལ་མ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ ཆུ་མིག་ཞལ་ངོ་ དྲགོས་འཇམ་དབྱངས་དང་ཨ་ཞེ་དམ་ཆོས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་མོ་ཨ་ཞེ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་རྒྱལ་བཙུན་སྦེ་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། ཆུ་མིག་ཞལ་ངོ་གི་བརྒྱུད་པ་འདི་ གཏེར་བཏོན་པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་ཐུགས་སྲས་ཟླ་བའི་ ཆོས་རྗེ་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བརྒྱུད་པ་ངོ་མ་ཨིན་པས། ཨ་ཞེ་དམ་ཆོས་འདི་ བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་དཔོན་འཆི་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ཨ་ཞེ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་མོ་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ གོང་ལུ་བཀོད་དོ་བཟུམ་ ཨ་ཞེ་ཡེ་ཤེས་འདི་ གཏམ་ཞིང་ཆོས་རྗེ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་སྲསམོ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ཨ་ཞེ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་གཉེན་སྦྱོར་གྱིས་ དུང་དཀར་ཆོས་རྗེ་དང་ གཏམ་ཞིང་ཆོས་རྗེ་དང་ཆུ་མིགཞལ་ངོ་ གཏེར་སྟོན་པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་བརྒྱུད་པ་ མི་དབང་སྐུ་འཁོར་གྱི་ནང་ལུ་ལན་གསུམ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་མས། དེ་བསྒང་ གཉེན་སྒྲིག་སྤུན་ཆ་ནང་དོག་འབད་ནི་གི་སྲོལ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ལས། དེ་ཡང་ དམིགས་བསལ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་ཚུ་ནང་ཁྱབ་ཆེ་སུ་སྡོད་ནུག། དེ་བཟུམ་འབད་དགོ་མི་འདི་ ཕ་མའི་ནོར་མཛོད་གཅིག་ཁར་བསྡོམ་ནི་དང་ སྙན་གྲགས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས།།
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གཉིས་པ་ མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་དང་པ་གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་དགུ་བརྒྱ་ཉེར་དྲུག་ (༡༩༢༦) ལུ་བུམ་ཐང་སྐུ་རྗེས་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ཞིང་གཤེགས་པའི་སྐབས་ སྐུ་འཁོར་ཡོངས་པུར་སྦྱང་གི་དོན་ལུ་ བསྒུགས་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་པ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་བྱོན་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག། མི་དབང་མཆོག་ཞིང་གཤེགས་ཏེ་ ཟླ་ངོ་དྲུག་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༣ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༤ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་དགུ་བརྒྱ་ཉེར་བདུན་ (༡༩༢༧) ལུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་པ་མཆོག་གི་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་ནུག། དུས་སྟོན་དེ་ཡང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ རྗེ་མཁན་པོ་དང་སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ དེ་ལས་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་དབུ་བཞུགས་མཛད་ནུག། དེ་སྐབས་བིརི་ཊིཤི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ངོ་ཚབ་སྦེ་འགན་འཛིན་གྱི་འཐུས་མི་ ཨེཕ་ཨེམ་བེ་ལི་དང་སི་ཀིམ་གྱི་སྲིད་འཛིན་འགོ་དཔོན་རྣམ་གཉིས་བྱོན་ཏེ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་ལུ་རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ (C.I.E) གི་རྟགས་མ་ཡང་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; &lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གྱི་ཤུལ་ལས་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་གཞུང་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་དགེ་འདུན་འཕགས་པའི་ཚོགས་ལུ་ གསོལ་རས་ཚུ་མ་བཏུབ་བཏུབ་སྦེ་གནང་སྟེ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་གི་ལྡེབས་རིས་དང་གསེར་ཏོག་དོན་ལུ་ གསེར་དངུལ་གྱི་གྲོགས་རམ་ཚུ་ཡང་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ བཀའ་འགྱུར་བསྟན་འགྱུར་གྱི་དེབ་གསརཔ་ སྐུ་འཆམ་གྱི་རྒྱན་ཆ་ཚུ་ཡང་གསར་སྒྲུབ་གནང་ནུག། ལྷག་པར་དུ་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་་བཟའ་འཐུང་དང་གོ་ལ་ ནོར་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་གསོལ་རས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་མི་དབང་མཆོག་ བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ཡབ་ཀྱི་དགེ་བ་དགེ་རྩ་ཚུ་གང་དྲག་བསྒྲུབས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

===   མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་འབྲུག་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་ བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་ཡར་དྲག་བཟོ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར། ===
&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དེང་སང་གི་ཤེས་ཡོན་འགོ་ཐོག་དང་པ་ གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ཤེས་ཡོན་གྱི་ནང་ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ནུག། མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་སློབ་གྲྭ་དང་པ་ཧཱ་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནངམ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་པའི་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་རྒྱ་གར་ཀ་ལིངམ་པོང་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ དཔེ་ཆ་ལྷབ་པར་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།  
སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༡༤ ལུ་འབྲུག་པའི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ ༤༦ ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་གོང་གཟིམ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ལུ་ ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཀ་ལིངམ་པོང་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ འབྲུག་པའི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་གི་ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་གཟིགས་ནི་དང་ ལྟ་རྟོག་པའི་ཕྱག་འགན་ཚུ་ཡང་མང་རབས་གཅིག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༡༥ ལུ་རྒྱལ་འཛིན་རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ལས་རོགསཔ་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་སློབ་གྲྭ་གཉིས་པ་བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱངས་པར་འགྱོ་མི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ ༡༢  སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༢༡ ལུ་ལོག་འོང་སྟེ་འབྲུག་པའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཅན་གྱི་སྡེ་ཚན་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནུག། མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ འབྲུག་པའི་དགེ་སློང་དང་མཁས་པ་ཚུ་ བོད་ལུ་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱངས་པར་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ བོད་ཀྱི་སློབ་དཔོན་མཁས་པ་ཚུ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ དཔེ་ཆ་སྟོན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ལས་རིམ་འདི་གི་ འབྲུག་པའི་མཁས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ དགོན་སྡེ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་ གྲོགས་རམ་ཡང་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་ནང་དཀྲོང་གསར་དང་བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ནང་དོན་རིག་པ་དང་རྩོམ་རིག་གི་ཤེས་ཡོན་ལྟེ་བ་གཙོ་བོ་གཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་འབྲུག་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་ཡར་དྲག་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ ས་ཁྲལ་བཏབ་ནི་ཚུ་མར་ཕབ་འབད་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ལུ་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ སེམས་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་བཅུག་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== བསྙུང་གཞི་དང་གཤགས་པའི་སྐོར། ===
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་དགུ་བརྒྱ་ཞེ་དགུ་ ༼༡༩༤༩༽ ལུ་ སྤ་རོ་ལུ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚེ་རིང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གཤགསཔ་ལས་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་སྤ་རོ་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་སྦེ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ཕོ་བྲང་ཀུན་དགའ་རབ་བརྟན་ལུ་ བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ མདའ་རྩེད་འགྲན་བསྡུར་རྩེད་དེ་ དུས་ཡུན་མ་རིངམ་ཅིག་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ བསྙུང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། བསྙུང་གཞི་ལས་རྩ་ལས་མ་ཐར་བར་ རིམ་གྱིས་སྐུ་ཁམས་སྐྱོ་སུ་སྐྱོ་སུ་ཐལཝ་ལས་ ཐ་ན་སྤ་རོ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ རྒྱལ་བཙུན་ཁབ་ཏུ་བཞེས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ བྱོན་མ་ཚུགས་པས། དེ་ལས་བུམ་ཐང་དང་མང་སྡེ་ཚུ་ནང་ རྟགས་དང་མཚན་མ་ངན་པ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ར་བྱུང་པའི་མཐའ་མ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་དགུ་བརྒྱ ང་གསུམ་༼༡༩༥༣༽ དབྱིན་ཟླ་གསུམ་པའི་ནང་ ཕོ་བྲང་ཀུན་དགའ་རབ་བརྟན་ལུ་གཤགས་ནུག། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གཤགས་པའི་དུས་ཚོད་ཚུན་ཚོད་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་གཞི་བདེ་དུས་ཡུན་རིང་ཤོས་བྱུང་པའི་དུས་ཚད་མཇུག་བསྡུཝ་ཨིན་ནོ།།
&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
#  Gyamtsho, T. (1996). A History of Bhutan. Thimphu ,Bhutan: Curriculum and Professional support division (CAPSD), Education Department ,Ministry of Health and Education</text>
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&lt;big&gt;༉ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ སངས་རྒྱས་གཉིས་པ་ཨྱོན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་མཆོག་སྐུ༌དངོས༌སྦེ༌བྱོན༌ཏེ༌ བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས༌ཡོདཔ༌མ༌ཚད༌ བླམ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག༌གིས༌ ཆོས༌ཁྲིམས་དར་གྱི་མདུད་ཕུད་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁྲིམས་སེར་གྱི་གཉའ་ཤིང་གི་ གཞི་འགྱམ་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་བཙུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ལུང་བསྟན་གྱི་བཀོད་པའི་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་རིམ་བཞིན་བྱོན་ཏེ་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ཡང་ དགའ་ཞིང་སྤྲོ་ཞིང་གི་སྒོ་ལས་གནས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱ་ཚད་དང༌དཔལ༌འབྱོར་ལུ་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ གཞན་སྟོབས་ཅན་གྱི༌རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ཚུ་དང༌ དོ༌མཉམ༌ཚུགས་པའི་རང་དབང་མེད༌རུང་ དེ་ནང་གནས་མི་གང་ཟག་ཐ་ན་དུད་འགྲོ་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ བྱམས་པ་དང་བརྩེ་བ་ཚད་མེད་ཐོག་ལས་སྐྱོངས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཆོས་རྒྱལ་རིམ་བཞིན་བྱོན་ཡོད་པའི་སླ་ལས་གཅིག་ ང་བཅས་རའི་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་དྲིན་ཅན་གྱི་ཕམ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཚུལ་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཁར་མ་ཕེབས་པའི་གོང་གི་མཛད་རྣམ་ཚུའི་སྐོར་ ལོ་རྒྱུས་བཤད་ནི་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; &lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ (༢༠༠༩) ཚུ་གིས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག༌བརྒྱུད༌འཛིན༌གྱི༌རྒྱལ༌རབས༌བཞི༌པ༌ མི༌དབང༌མངའ༌བདག༌རིན༌པོ༌ཆེ༌ དཔལ༌མི༌དབང༌འཇིགས༌མེད༌སེངྒེ༌དབང༌ཕྱུག༌མཆོག༌ གཏེར་སྟོན༌འབྲུག་སྒྲ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང༌ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཨྱོན༌གུ༌རུ༌རིན༌པོ༌ཆེ༌མཆོག༌གིས༌ ཞལ༌གཟིགས༌གནང༌སྟེ༌གསུངས༌པའི༌ ལུང༌བསྟན༌དང༌འཁྲིལ༌ ཡབ༌འབྲུག༌རྒྱལ༌གསུམ༌པ༌ མངའ༌བདག༌འཇིགས༌མེད༌རྡོ༌རྗེ༌དབང༌ཕྱུག༌མཆོག༌དང༌ ཡུམ༌ཨ༌ཞེ༌ སྐལ༌བཟང༌ཆོས༌སྒྲོན༌དབང༌ཕྱུག༌གཉིས༌ཀྱི་སྲས༌ལུ༌ གདན༌ས༌རྟ༌མགོ༌ཆོས༌དབྱིངས༌ཕོ༌བྲང༌གི༌ཞོལ༌ བསྟན༌སྲུང༌དགེ༌བསྙེན༌ ཇག༌པ༌མེ༌ལེན༌གྱིས༌ སྲུང༌བའི༌གཡུས༌ཐིམ༌ཕུག༌བདེ༌ཆེན༌ཆོས༌གླིང༌གི༌ཕོ༌བྲང༌ནང༌ རབ༌བྱུང༌བཅུ༌དྲུག༌པའི༌ གནམ༌ལོ༌ཤིང༌ལུག༌ ཟླ༌ ༩ པའི༌ཚེས་ ༢༨ སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༡༩༥༥ ཟླཝ ༡༡ པའི༌ཚེས༌ ༡༡ གཟའ༌སྐར༌འཕྲོད༌སྦྱོར༌བཟང༌པོའི༌ཉིན༌མར༌ཞབས༌དྲུང༌ རིན༌པོ༌ཆེའི༌རྣམ༌སྤྲུལ༌དངོས༌སྦེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལཔོ་སྦེ་བྱོན་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; &lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;དེའི༌སྐབས༌སུ་བཀྲ༌ཤིས༌ཆོས༌རྫོང༌གི༌ཀུན༌རའི༌གདོང༌ཁར༌ རྟགས་མཚན་ཚུ་ཡང་ག་ཅི་དེ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ མེ༌ཏོག༌ བཙུགས༌སའི༌མཆོད༌རྟེན༌ནང༌ སངས༌རྒྱས༌རབས༌བདུན༌གྱིས་བྱིན༌གྱིས༌བརླབས༌པའི༌བརྡ༌མཚོན༌ལུ༌ སེར༌ཤོག༌མེ༌ཏོག༌ཕོད༌ ཁ༌བདུན༌བརྩེགས༌ཅན༌མ༌གཅིག༌ཁར༌ཤར། ནམ༌ཁ༌ལུ༌འཇའ༌དང༌འོད༌ཀྱིས༌སྤུབས་ གཡུ༌འབྲུག༌ལྡིར་མེ༌ཏོག༌གི༌ཆརཔ༌བབས༌ ལ༌སོགས༌པ་རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ནང༌ ནད༌མུག༌འཁྲུག༌རྩོད༌ཞི་ ལོ༌ཕྱུགས༌རྟག་ཏུ་ལེགས༌པའི༌ རྟགས་མཚན་དང༌རྟེན༌འབྲེལ༌བཟང༌པོའི༌སྙན༌གྲགས༌ཚུ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ༌ཡོངས༌ལུ༌ཁྱབ༌སྟེ་ ཕན༌བདེ༌འབྱུང༌གནས༌ཀྱི༌དབུ༌ཁྲིད༌ དབང༌ཕྱུག༌བརྒྱུད༌འཛིན༌ཀྱི༌རིང༌ལུགས་ ཆུ༌རྒྱུན༌བཟུམ་དུས་ཉིན་མཚན་མེད་པར་ རྒྱུན་མ༌ཆད༌པར༌བྱོན་མི༌ལུ་བརྟེན༌ཨིན། འབྲུག༌གི༌རྒྱལ༌བློན༌འབངས༌གསུམ༌རྣམས༌ སེམས་བདེ༌ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ ཉམས༌དགའ༌བའི༌དགའ་སྤྲོ་དང་ སེམས་ཁར་སྤྲོ་སྣང་ཚད༌མེད་བྱུང༌སྟེ༌ གྲྭ༌ཚང༌ཆོས༌ཕྱོགས༌དང༌ཞི༌དྲག༌དཔོན༌ཁག༌དང་ འབངས༌མི༌སེར༌ཡོངས༌ཀྱིས༌བཀྲ༌ཤིས༌བདེ༌ལེགས༌ཀྱི༌ སྨོན༌འདེབས༌ཧིང༌ཐག་པའི་གདིང་ལས་ སྒོ་གསུམ་གུས་པའི་སྒོ་ལས༌ཞུ༌ནུག། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ། ༢༠༡༠)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ཡབ༌ཡུམ༌གཉིས༌ཀྱི༌དབུ༌གཙོས༌པའི༌ སྐུ༌འཁོར༌ལྷན༌རྒྱས༌ཡོངས༌ཀྱིས༌ འཁྲུངས༌སྐར་དུས་སྟོན༌ག་ཅི་དེ་རྒྱས་ཤིང་རྒྱསཔ་སྦེ༌མཛད༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌མ༌ཚད༌ འབྲུག༌མི༌ཡོངས༌ཀྱིས༌དད༌པ༌མོས༌གུས༌བསྐྱེད་དེ་ རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ཞི༌བདེ༌དང༌དགའ༌སྐྱིད༌ལུ༌ གནས༌པའི༌རྟེན༌འབྲེལ༌བཟང༌པོ༌བྱུང༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། མི༌དབང༌མཆོག༌སྐུ༌གཟུགས༌ལྷ༌ལས༌མཛེས༌པའི་གུར་ ཐུགས༌སེམས༌བལ༌ལས༌ འཇམ༌ནི་དེ་གིས་ ལཱ་དང་བྱ་བ་ག་བཟུམ་མཛད་རུང་ འབྲུག་མི་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་གྱི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ ཚེ་སྲོག་ལུ་ཡང་མ་ཕངས་པར་ བྱ་བ་ག་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ མཛད་ཚུགས་པའི་གང་ཟག་ཅིག་ཨིན། མི་དབང་མཆོག་གཞན་ཕན་ཅན་ཅིག་དང་ རིགས་བཟང་པོའི་རྒྱུད་པ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༤༥༠ དེ་ཅིག་ཁར་ བུམ་ཐང་སྟངས་ལུ་ཡབ་དོན་གྲུབ་བཟང་པོ་དང་ ཡུམ་པདྨ་སྒྲོལ་མ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་མི་ གཏེར་ཆེན་པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་ སྐུ་གསུང་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ མཁས་གྲུབ་ཀུན་དགའ་དབང་པོ་དེ་གིས་ ཡབ་རྗེ་དམ་པའི་ལུང་བསྟན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ ཀུར་སྟོད་ཁའུ་ཅུང་དང་དུང་དཀར་གཉིས་ནང་བྱོན་ནུག། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་མཁས་གྲུབ་ཀུན་དགའ་དབང་པོའི་སྲས་ ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ སྲས་ཆོས་རྗེ་རྟ་འཕེལ་གྱི་ སྲས་ཆུང་ཤོས་བསྟན་པའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ འབྲུག་དཀར་པོ་ནང་ ཆོས་རྗེ་རྟ་འཕེལ་གྱི་སྲས་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་དེའི་སྲས་ ཆོས་རྗེ་པདྨ་ཟེར་བཀོད་ཡོད་མི་དེའི་སྲས་ བསྟན་པའི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་སྲས་ བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་དང་དེའི་སྲས་ ཆོས་རྗེ་པདྨ་གིས་གསང་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་དགེ་ལེགས་དབང་འཛོམས་བསྟེན་པའི་ སྲས་སྦོམ་ཤོས་པཱ་ལ་དང་ ཆུང་ཤོས་པི་ལ་མགོན་པོ་དབང་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་གཉིས་ཡོད་པའི་གྲས་ལས་ དཔལ་་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ནང་ པི་ལ་མགོན་པོ་དབང་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ ལྕམ་དང་ཤར་སྒང་སྟེང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྲིངམོ་ ལྷ་སྒྲོན་བསྟན་ཟེར་མི་དེ་ སྐུ་ཚེ་མ་ཟིན་པར་ ཀུར་སྟོད་བྱང་ས་ལས་ཨིན་མི་ བསོད་ནམས་སྒྲོལ་མ་ཟེར་མི་དེ་བཙུན་མོ་གཉིས་པ་སྦེ་བསྟེན་ནུག། དེ་ལས་སྲས་དང་པ་དུང་དཀར་རྒྱལ་མཚན་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་སྲས་མོ་ ཨ་ཞེ་པདྨ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་དེ་བཙུནམོ་སྦེ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ རང་ལུག་འདས་ལོ་ ༢༡༡ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༢ ཆུ་ཁྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་བྱོན་ནུག། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ། ༢༠༢༠)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;མི་དབང་མཆོག་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ཁོ་རིའི་ཕོ་བྲང་ནང་ལུ་སྦེ་སྐུ་ཡོན་སྦྱང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཤུལ་ལས་རྒྱ་གར་དང་ཨིང་ལེནདྲ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ ལྟོ་ཐོབ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ཡང་ སྐུ་ཡོན་ཚུ་ག་ཅི་དེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ ལྷབ་སྦྱང་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཡབ་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་དང་ ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ ཁོང་རའི་སྲས་ལུ་འབྲུག་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ གསོ་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནིའི་ རེ་བ་དང་འདོད་པ་སྦོམ་ཡོད་ནི་དེ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༠ ལུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ལོག་བྱོན་ཏེ་ སྤ་རོ་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ ཨྱོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཤེས་ཡོན་གཙུག་སྡེ་ནང་ལུ་སྦེ་ སྐུ་ཡོན་འཕྲོ་མཐུད་སྦྱང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ཤེས་ཡོན་གཙུག་སྡེ་དེ་ནང་ལུ་ ཕྱི་ནང་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ སློབ་སྟོན་པ་ཚུ་དང་གཞུང་ལུ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་རྒན་ཤོས་ཚུ་ག་ཅི་དེ་ མཁས་པ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་ཆོས་ཚན་ཚུ་སྟོན་ཚུགས་ནི་དེ་གིས་ཨིན། (Sonam Kinga, 2009).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;
དེ་གིས་མ་དོ་བར་གཞན་ཡང་ གཞུང་ནང་ལག་ལེན་དངོས་བསྟར་གྱི་ སྦྱོང་བརྡར་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་དེ་ལས་མི་དམངས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལཱ་འགན་འབག་ནི་དང་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ཞལ་འཛོམས་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་གཞུང་ཚོགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༡ ལུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་ གསར་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ འཆར་གཞི་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་འཛིན་བཀལ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ལོ་ངོ་གཅིག་གི་རྒྱབ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་ཡང་གནང་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་སྔར་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་ ཡར་རྒྱས་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་འབག་འོང་ནི་དེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ག་ཅི་དེ་སེམས་དགའ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནུག། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ ཡབ་རྒྱལ་པོ་མཆོག་ཚེ་ལས་འདས་ཏེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ རྒྱལཔོ་སྦེ་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༡༧ ལུ་ མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། (Karma Phuntsho, 2013).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ ཡབ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་དང་ ཡུམ་མི་དབང་ཨ་ཞེ་སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་གཉིས་ལུ་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་བསོད་ནམས་དང་ སྨོན་ལམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ག་ནི་བ་རྟག་དང་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་བཟང་པོའི་ རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་མི་ཅིག་བྱོན་ཏེ་མི་ལོ་ ༡༧ དེ་ཅིག་གི་རྒྱབ་ལས་ ཡབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡེ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ཚེ་ལས་འདས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་སྟེ་ར་འབད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་མི་སྦེ་གསེར་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག། ཡབ་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༧ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༡ ལུ་ ཧང་ཏོ་མར་ཚེ་ལས་འདས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཡོངས་ མྱ་ངན་གྱིས་ནོན་ཏེ་སྡོད་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ ཚར་གཅིག་གུར་མུན་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱིས་སྤུབས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་འཛིན་ནིའི་འགན་ཁུར་ཧྲིལ་བུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་ཕོག་ནུག། (Royal Education Council, 2020, P63).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ཡབ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༠ ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་་ཆེན་མོ་ཐེངས་ ༣༢ པའི་ནང་གྲོས་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ གྲོས་ཆོད་དོན་ཚན་ ༧ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༡ མ་བཞེས་པའི་གོང་ལུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་དང་མི་སེར་ སྐུ་འཁོར་དང་གཞུང་གི་དཔོན་ཁག་ཚུ་ལས་ འཐུས་མི་རེ་རེ་བཏོན་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་དགོ་པའི་གྲོས་ཆོད་གྲུབ་ཡོད་རུང་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ མི་སེར་གྱི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ཐུགས་བཞེད་དང་ མཁྱེན་བརྩེའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ལྡན་པའི་བྱམས་བརྩེ་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་རྒྱལཔོ་མཆོག་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་རུང་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་ཡོད་ལུགས་བལྟ་སྟེ་ འགན་ཁུར་ཅན་གྱི་མི་ངོ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཧ་ཅང་གིས་ཡིད་ཆེས་པའི་ཤུགས་ཀྱིས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་དཔོན་སློབ་དགུང་ལོ་ ༡༧ ལས་མ་བཞེས་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ཚོགས་པ་བཏོན་མ་དགོ་པར་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་འགན་ཁུར་ཧྲིལ་བུ་སྤྲོད་ནི་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཆེན་མོ་ཐེངས་ ༣༧ པའི་ནང་གྲོས་ཐག་བཅད་དེ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱལཔོ་ལོ་ན་ཆུང་ཤོས་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཀོད་ནུག། (Sonam Kinga, 2009, P140).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གི་ བཀྲིས་མངའ་གསོལ་ཡང་ རྒྱས་ཞིང་རྒྱསཔ་སྦེ་མཛད་རིམ་དབྱེ་ཁག་བཞི་སྦེ་ བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ དང་པ་དེ་ཡང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ཟླ་ ༧ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༤ དྲོ་པ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༧ ལུ་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་གཞུང་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ འཐུས་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་མི་དབང་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལཔོ་བཞི་པ་སྦེ་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་བརྩིས་གནང་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་རིམ་པ་གཉིས་པའི་ནང་ ཡབ་རྒྱལཔོ་མཆོག་གི་སྤུར་སྦྱངས་ཀྱི་མཇུག་ལུ་ རང་ཟླ་ ༩ པའི་གནམ་གང་ལུ་ སྤུར་ཐལ་སྐུ་རྗེས་རྡོ་ཟམ་ལུ་སྦྱངས་ཏེ་ རང་ཟླ་ ༡༠ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་ མངའ་བདག་སྐུ་འཁོར་རྣམས་ བུམ་ཐང་ལས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་ མངའ་གསོལ་རིམ་གཉིས་པ་དེ་ཡང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་བྱི་ལོ་ཚར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་གླང་ལོའི་ནང་བདུན་ཟུར་ཕོག་ནི་དེ་གིས་ གླང་ལོ་མ་ཚེས་པའི་ཧེ་མ་ལས་ ཟླ་ ༡༠ པའི་ཚེས་ ༥ ལུ་ སྤུངས་ཐང་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཕོ་བྲང་ནང་ དྲིན་ཅན་གྱི་བླམ་ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལས་ བྱིན་རླབས་ཅན་གྱི་ལེགས་དར་སྣ་ལྔ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ གསེར་ཁྲི་གུར་ཕེབས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་མཛད་མི་དེ་ ཐོག་མའི་མངའ་གསོལ་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན། (སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ལྷག་པར་དུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༤ ཟླ་ ༡ པའི་ ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་ སྐྱབས་རྗེ་དིལ་མགོ་མཁྱེན་རྩེ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ བདེ་ཆེན་ཆོས་གླིང་ཕོ་བྲང་ནང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་ཚེ་ལུ་བར་ཆད་མི་འབྱུང་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཚེའི་དབང་བསྐུར་གནང་བའི་སྐབས་སྐྱབས་རྗེ་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༦༣ པ་ སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཕྲིན་ལས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་མཆོག་གི་ཞབས་ལས་ ལྷ་བསངས་གནང་མི་དང་འབྲེལ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་བདེ་ཆེན་ཆོས་གླིང་ཕོ་བྲང་ལས་ ཆིབས་གྲལ་དང་བསུ་བ་ཚུ་ཡང་ རྒྱས་ཞིང་རྒྱསཔ་སྦེ་བསྒྲིགས་ཏེ་ བཀྲི་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཁར་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ སྤུངས་ཐང་མ་ཆེན་སྐུ་མདུན་ལས་ཞུ་མི་ དར་སྣ་ལྔ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ ག་ནི་བ་རིན་ཐངས་ཆེ་བའི་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ཁར་བཞུགས་ནུག། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ། (༢༠༢༠))&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;གསུམ་པ་མཐའ་མའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་དེ་ཡང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་གི་གསེར་ཁྲི་གུར་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སྡེ་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་ བཀྲིས་པའི་དར་ཕུལ་ཏེ་མངའ་གསོལ་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཞུ་བའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་སྲིད་འཛིན་ བི་བི་གི་རི་སྐུ་ཟླ་གཉིས་པའི་ཨའི་ ཀེ་ གུ་ཇུ་རཱལ་ བང་ལ་དྷེཤ་ལས་སྲིད་འཛིན་ མི་ཧ་མ་དུ་ཧ་སྐུ་ཟླ་གཉིས་ ནེ་པཱལ་ལས་རྒྱལ་སྲས་ དྷི་རཱན་ངྷ་ར་ བིར་ བིཀ་རམ་ ཤཱཧ་ངྷེཝ་ སྲསམོ་ པི་རི་ཀ་ཤི་ཡ་ར་ཇཱ་ཡ་ ལག་ཆི་མི་ དྷེ་བི་ཤཱ འབྲས་ལྗོངས་ལས་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་དཔལ་ལྡན་དོན་གྲུབ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ གཞན་མི་འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སོ་སོའི་སྐུ་ཚབ་ཡོངས་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ ལས་སྡེ་སོ་སོ་ལས་སྐུ་ཚབ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་དབང་ཀརྨ་པ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་ ༡༦ པ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བླ་ཆེན་ཚུ་ཡང་ བྱོན་ཏེ་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ། (༢༠༢༠))&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;བཞི་པ་ ཡབ་རྒྱལཔོ་མཆོག་ཚེ་ལས་འདས་ཏེ་ལོ་ངོ་གཉིས་དེ་ཅིག་གི་རྒྱབ་ལས་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ གུང་ལོ་ ༡༨ ལས་མ་བཞེས་རུང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་བཞི་པ་སྦེ་ ཅང་གླིང་མའི་ཐང་ནང་ཁྲི་སྟོན་བརྩི་སྲུང་དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༤ ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ ཚེས་ ༣ ལུ་ མི་དམངས་ལུ་མཇལ་ཁ་གནང་བའི་ལས་རིམ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ ཆིབས་གྲལ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ཞུ་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་དར་ག་ནི་བ་བྱིན་རླབས་ཅན་དེ་ གནམ་ཁའི་དབྱིངས་ལུ་འཕྱར་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རྒྱལཔོ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལུ་གསུང་བཤད་གནངམ་ད་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་ བློ་གཏད་ཧིང་གཏད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལཔོ་སྦེ་བཀལ་གནངམ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ རང་སྲོག་ལས་ལྷག་སྟེ་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་ནི་ཨིན་པའི་ བཀའ་རྒྱ་གནང་སྟེ་མངའ་འབངས་ཡོངས་ལུ་ དགའ་སྟོན་རྒྱས་པར་མཛད་དེ་གནང་ནུག། (Royal Education Council, 2020, P72).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ཡབ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ ཞིང་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ལོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་རྒྱབ་ལས་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ སྐལ་བ་བཟང་པོའི་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༤ ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ནང་ སྨན་ལྗོངས་འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ སྐྱེ་བ་ལྷ་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་ ཕྱིའི་ལྕགས་རི་དང་ནང་གི་ནོར་བུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གི་གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ རྒྱལ་རབས་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ མི་སེར་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་སྤྱི་གཙུག་གྱི་རྒྱན་ཆ་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལཔོ་སྦེ་བྱོན་གནང་པའི་ ཉིནམ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་སྔར་སྲོལ་དང་ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ཚུ་ སྔར་ལས་ལྷག་སྟེ་དར་ཡོད་པའི་གུར་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ཕན་སུམ་ཚོགས་ཏོག་ཏོ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཡར་རྒྱས་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་ཚུ་ཡང་མིག་མཐོང་ལག་བཟུང་སྦེ་ དུས་རིམ་བཞིན་དུ་ཡར་ངོའི་ཟླ་ལྟར་འཕེལ་མི་ལུ་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ཡང་སེམས་ལུ་དགའ་བ་ཚད་མེདཔ་འབྱུང་སའི་ཡུལ་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ནུག། (ཀུན་གསལ་ལས་འཛིན ༢༠༡༡ ཤོག་གྲགས་ ༡༦-༡༧)&lt;/big&gt; &lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ཚུན་ མི་ལོ་ ༣༤ དེ་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ཉམས་དགའ་བའི་ལྷའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་དང་དབྱེ་བ་མེད་པར་ དགའ་བའི་བྲོ་འཁྲབ་སྐྱིད་པའི་གླུ་འཐེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་པའི་རང་དབང་བྱུང་ནུག། འབྲུག་ལུ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་དང་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ རང་དབང་གི་འགན་ཁུར་མི་སེར་དང་གཞུང་ དེ་ལས་རྒྱལཔོ་ཁོ་ར་གིས་ འདྲ་མཉམ་འབག་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡང་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་ དབང་ཚད་ཕྱིར་སྤེལ་དང་ དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་གི་ སྲོལ་ཡང་མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་བཙུགས་མི་ཚུ་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་སྟབས་བདེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མི་དབང་མཆོག་རྒྱལ་པོའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་གུ་ལས་ བབས་ཏེ་རྒྱལ་པོའི་འགན་ཁུར་དེ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་སྤྲོད་པའི་སྐབས་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༥༡ ལས་མ་བཞེས་རུང་ གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བཟུམ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁྲི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ དམག་འཁྲུག་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མ་ཐོན་པར་ བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་དང་དབྱེ་བ་མེད་པའི་གང་ཟག་ ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ། (Karma Phuntsho, P594-597).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== མི༌སྡེ༌དཔལ༌འབྱོར༌གོང༌འཕེལ། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག༌ཆོས༌དང༌ལྡན༌པའི༌རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ནང༌ བྱང༌སེམས༌ཅན༌གྱི༌མི༌དབང༌རིམ༌པར༌བྱོན༌ ལྷག༌པར༌དུ༌མི༌ལུས༌རིན༌པོ༌ཆེ༌ཁྱད༌པར༌དུ༌ འཕགས༌པའི༌གང༌ཟག༌ མི༌དབང༌འབྲུག༌རྒྱལ༌བཞི༌པ༌མཆོག༌བྱོན༌ཏེ༌ འབྲུག༌པའི༌མི༌སེར༌དགའ༌སྐྱིད༌ཕུན༌སུམ༌ཚོགས༌ནིའི༌དོན༌ལུ༌ རྒྱལ༌ཡོངས༌དགའ༌སྐྱིད༌དཔལ༌འཛོམས༌དེ༌ གཞི༌བཙུགས༌མཛད༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། མི༌སྡེ༌དཔལ༌འབྱོར༌གོང༌འཕེལ༌གཏང༌ནི༌དེ༌ ཡང༌ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་སྒྲུབ་ཐབས་ཀྱི་ ཀ་ཆེན་བཞི་ཡོད་པའི་གྲས་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིན། མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ཐད་ཁར་འབད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་བཟོ་གྲྭ་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་ཚུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གོང༌འཕེལ༌གྱི༌རིམ༌ལུགས༌ཚུ༌ཡང༌ དབྱེ༌ཁག༌མ༌འདྲཝ༌སྦེ༌བརྩམས༌གནང༌མི༌ཚུ༌ཡང༌ གསོ༌བ༌ ཤེས༌རིག༌ རང༌བཞིན༌སླར༌འབྱུང༌ཐོན༌སྐྱེད༌ ས༌གཏེར༌དང༌ནུས༌ཤུགས༌སྒེར༌སྡེ་༌གོང༌འཕེལ༌ ལཱ༌གཡོག༌ བཟོ༌གྲྭ༌འཕྲུལ༌ཁང༌ བརྡ༌དོན༌ བརྒྱུད༌འབྲེལ༌གྱི༌བརྡ༌བརྒྱུད༌ ཁྲོམ༌དང༌ཁྱིམ༌བཟོ༌གོང༌འཕེལ༌དང༌ མི༌སྡེའི༌ལས༌ཚོགས༌ ལ༌སོགས༌པ༌ཚུ༌གཞི༌བཙུགས༌ དང༌ གོང༌འཕེལ༌མཛད༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། (ཀུན༌བཟང༌ཆོས༌འཕེལ། རྣམ༌རྒྱལ༌ཕུན༌ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩) ནང༌བཀོད༌དེ༌འདུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;མི༌དབང༌མཆོག༌གིས༌མཛད༌པ༌ལེ༌ཤ༌ཡོད༌པའི༌གྲས༌ལས༌ སྤྱིར༌བཏང༌འཛམ༌གླིང༌འདི༌ནང༌ འགྲོ༌བ༌མི༌དང༌རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌གཉིས༌ཆ༌རའི༌ དོན༌ལུ༌ རྒྱུ༌ནོར༌གྱི༌བདོག༌གཏད༌ ག༌ཅི༌ལས༌གལ༌ཆེཝ༌དེ༌ ཤེས༌རིག༌ཡོན༌ཏན༌ཨིནམ༌ལས༌བརྟེན༌ མི༌དབང༌མཆོག༌གིས༌ ལོ༌བསྟར༌འཆར༌དངུལ༌མང༌ཤོས༌ ཤེས༌རིག༌གི༌དོན༌ལས༌བཞག༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌མ༌ཚད༌ མི༌སེར༌ཚུ༌མི༌ཚེའི་རིང༌ ཤེས༌ཡོན༌དང༌ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་གྱི་ མི་སྡེ་གཅིག་ལུ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ཤེས་རིག་གི་གཞི་རྟེན་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆེ་ཆུང་བསྡོམས་ ༩༨ དང་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་བསྡོམས་ ༡༡༦༡༠ ཡོད་མི་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ཚུན་ལུ་ ཡར་སེང་འབད་དེ་ ཤེས་རིག་གི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་དར་ཁྱབ་གནང་སྟེ་ གཞི་རིམ་ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་རང་སོའི་རིག་རྩལ་གྱི་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ མཐོ་རིམ་ཤེས་ཚད་ཚུན་ལུ་ ཕྱི་ནང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་ རིན་མེདཔ་སྦེ་གསོལ་རས་གནང་ འབྲི་ལྷག་ཡོན་ཏན་ལྷབ་ནི་གི་གོ་སྐབས་ མ་ཐོབ་པར་ལུས་མི་རྒན་གཞོན་ ག་རའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༢ ལས་ གཞི་རྟེན་ཤེས་ཡོན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ ན་གཞོན་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཚུ་གི་ ལུས་སྦྱོང་ རྩེད་རིགས་ ནང་གི་བསམ་པ་ ཕྱིའི་བྱ་བ་སྤྱོད་ལམ་ཚུ་ ཡར་དྲག་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལས་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆ་མཉམ་ནང་ལུ་ བརྩི་མཐོང་དང་ཀུན་ཚང་ཤེས་ཡོན་ལས་རིམ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། (Karma Phuntsho, 2013).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ན་ཚ་ཤི་ཆད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བསལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ གསོ་བའི་གཞི་རྟེན་སྨན་ཁང་ ཆེ་འབྲིང་ཆུང་གསུམ་བསྡོམས་ ༤༠ ཙམ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ཚུན་ལུ་ ༧༡༥ ཙམ་ལུ་ཡར་སེང་དང་ གསོ་བའི་སྤུས་ཚད་ལེགས་བཅོས་ ཉེན་ཁ་མེད་པའི་འཐུང་ཆུ་ ཉེ་བར་མཁོ་བའི་གཙང་སྦྲ་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཨ་ལུའི་སྐྱེ་ནད་ ཨ་ལུ་ཆ་ཁྱབ་ལུ་ ནད་རིགས་དྲུག་ལས་ བཀག་ཚུགས་པའི་སྨན་ཁབ་ ཨའི་ཡོ་དྲིན་གྱི་ཟས་བཅུད་མ་ཚང་བའི་ ནད་རིགས་རྩ་མེད་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་ལས་སྡེའི་ དམིགས་དོན་ཚུ་བསྒྲུབས་ཏེ་གནང་། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ས་རྒྱ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་མང་པ་ཅིན་རོ་མང་ མི་ཉུང་པ་ཅིན་ཁ་འཚོ་ཟེར་ སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ མ་འོངས་པར་མི་རློབས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ དཀའ་ངལ་འཐོན་ནི་ཨིནམ་མཁྱེན་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༠ ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ བཟའ་ཚང་འཆར་གཞིའི་ལས་རིམ་ འགོ་བཙུགས་གནངམ་ལས། བདེ་སྐྱིད་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ བཟའ་ཚང་གི་མི་རློབས་འཕར་ཚད་དེ་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༢ ལྷག་ཙམ་ཅིག་ལུ་གནས་ཏེ་ཡོད། སྤྱིར་བཏང་གསོ་བའི་སྨན་བཅོས་ཀྱི་རིགས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པར་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་གནང་ནུག། (ཀུན༌བཟང༌ཆོས༌འཕེལ། རྣམ༌རྒྱལ༌ཕུན༌ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩) ནང༌བཀོད༌ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ ཐུགས་རྒྱུད་ག་ནི་བ་མཁས་ནི་དེ་གིས་ སྟོབས་ཤུགས་ཅན་གྱི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ཚུད་ཡོད་མི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་རྩ་བ་ངོ་མ་གཅིག་ བརྡ་དོན་བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་གྱི་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ དགོས་མཁོ་ཆེཝ་ཨིནམ་མཁྱེན་ནི་དེ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༡ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་འདི་ འགོ་དང་པ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ ན་གཞོན་ཚོགས་སྡེ་སྦེ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Lily Wangchuk, 2017). སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༨༠༠ ལས་ ཉུངམ་སྦེ་སྡོད་མི་ སྣུམ་འཁོར་ལམ་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༤༥༥༤.༧༣  དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་ཡར་སེང་འབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ རྫོང་ཁག་ ཉི་ཤུ་གེ་རའི་ནང་ ཁྱབ་ཚུགས་ནུག། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༣ ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ འབྲུག་མཁའ་འགྲུལ་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ ཟམ་པ་ ༤༠ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ཚུན་གི་ ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ ཟམ་པ་ ༦༥༨ ལྷག་ཙམ་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་མཛད་དེ་ སྔོན་མ་བ་ལྷག་སྟེ་ཡར་སེང་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༨ ལུ་ སྒེར་གྱི་གློག་བརྙན་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་ ཨེ་བཱི་ཚོང་སྡེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་གློག་བརྙན་མགར་ས་བླ་མའི་སེང་གེ་ཟེར་མི་ འགོ་ཐོག་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གློག་བརྙན་ཚོགས་པ་ཟེར་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཡོངས་གྲགས་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Phuntsho Rabten, n.d, P176). འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་རིམ་ལུགས་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༡ ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ འཁྲུངས་སྐར་དུས་སྟོན་དང་འབྲེལ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འགོ་ཐོག་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཕྲིན་ཚད་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་ཚོང་སྡེ་གིས་ཡང་ འགོ་དང་པ་སྒེར་གི་ བརྒྱུད་འཕྲིན་ལས་སྡེ་ཅིག་ཡང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ། ༢༠༡༠) ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ལུ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་གཞན་ཡང་ ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་ལས་སྣ་ལེ་ཤ་མཛད་ཡོད་པའི་གྲལ་ལས་ ཆུ་བརྟེན་གློག་མེ་ལས་འཛིན་ལེ་ཤ་སྦེ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཏ་ལ་གློག་མེ་ལས་འཛིན་ ཤུགས་ཚད་ཝཊ ༡༠༢༠ ཆུ་ཁ་ལུ་གློག་གི་ཤུགས་ཚད་ ཝཊ་ ༣༣༦ བ་སོ་ཆུ་གློག་མེ་ལས་འཛིན་ ཝཊ ༦༤ དང་ ཀུ་རི་ཆུ་གློག་མེ་ལས་འཛིན་ལུ་ གློག་ཤུགས་ཝཊ་ ༦༠ དེ་ཅིག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ ལས་ ཧྲིལ་བུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཚུགས་ཏེ འབྲུག་ལུ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ ཁྱིམ་ཚང་རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་པའི་གཞན་ཡང་ སོ་ནམ་ཐོན་དངོས་ཚུ་ མ་མདོ་བར་ རྩི་ས་ ཞུན་རྫས་དང་ ཕཱི་རོ་སི་ལི་ཀཱོན་ ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ འོང་འབབ་འཐོབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩) ནང་ལུ་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;གོང་ལུ་བཀོད་མི་རྩོམ་པ་པོ་གིས་ བཤད་དོ་བཟུམ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱུ་དངོས་ཚུ་ཁྱིམ་ཚང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༣ ལས་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ གཞན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ཡང་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་ནིའི་ལམ་ལུགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལོ་བསྟར་འོང་འབབ་དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ དངུལ་བཀྲམ་ ས་ཡ་ ༤༡ ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་ དངུལ་ཀྲམ་ཐེར་འབུམ་ ༣༦.༩ ལུ་ ཡར་སེང་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞན་ཡང་སྒེར་གྱི་ལས་སྡེ་ཚུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་ཉམས་སྲུང་། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ ཕྱི་གངས་རི་མཛེས་པའི་རྒྱན་ཆ་གིས་སྤུབས་ ནང་ཉམས་དགའ་བའི་སྤང་དང་ནགས་ཚལ་གིས་སྐོར་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ཡང་ དགའ་བའི་གླུ་འཐེན་ སྐྱིད་པའི་གར་འཆམས་ཏེ་ ག་ཅི་དེ་མཛེས་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་ས་ཆ་འདི་ནང་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ཐད་ཁར་ ཡར་རྒྱས་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་འགྱོ་རུང་ རང་བཞིན་གཡིས་མཛེས་པའི་ མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་གནོད་པ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཉམས་སོ་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་གྱོང་རྒུད་སྦོམ་ཕོག་ནི་ཨིན། འབྲུག་ལུ་ནགས་ཚལ་དང་སྲོག་ཆགས་སེམས་ཅན་ལུ་གནོད་སྐྱོན་འབྱུང་བཅུག་ནི་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ འབྱུང་བ་བཞི་ལུ་བཙོག་པ་ཞུགས་ཏེ་ཉམས་བཅུག་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་འཁྱམས་མི་ གང་ཟག་དང་དངོས་པོ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་ འབྱུང་བ་བཞི་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་བཀའ་ངལ་ཚད་མེདཔ་མྱོང་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་སྐོར་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་ སེམས་ཀྱི་གདིང་ལས་བརྩེ་བ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ བདག་འཛིན་ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་འཐབ་ནི་དང་ མི་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་གིས་ མནོ་བསམ་གཅིག་ཁར་བཏང་སྟེ་ མནོ་ཤེས་བསམ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ འགན་ཁུར་འབག་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་འཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༤༡) ནང་བཀོད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ནགས་ཚལ་གྱི་ཁྱབ་ཚད་ཡང་ རྒྱ་ཆ་ ༦༧.༥ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་འབད་རུང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་འོང་འབབ་བཟོ་ནི་ལས་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་ སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས༌སྟངས༌ཉམས༌སྲུང༌འབད༌ནི༌དེ༌ལུ༌ ཡིད༌ཆེས༌སྐྱེད༌དོ༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༡༩༩༥ ལུ༌སྲིད༌བྱུས༌དེ༌ལས༌བརྟེན༌ཏེ༌ འབྲུག༌རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ནང༌ སྒེར༌གྱི༌ཉེན༌ལེན༌ཚོང༌ལཱ༌འབད༌མི༌ སྦྱར༌ལེབ༌ཀྱི༌བཟོ༌སྐྲུན་ཁང༌གཅིག༌ཡང༌སྒོ༌བསྡམ༌དགོཔ༌ཐོན༌ནུག། ལྷག༌པར༌དུ༌ མི༌དབང༌མཆོག༌གིས༌ དུས༌ནམ༌ར༌འབད༌རུང༌ རང༌བཞིན༌གནས༌སྟངས༌ཉམས༌སྲུང༌གི༌ ལས༌སྣ༌ཚུ༌ མཛད༌པ༌ལས༌བརྟེན༌ སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༢༠༠༥ ལུ༌ འཛམ༌གླིང༌སྤྱི་ཚོགས་མཐའ༌སྐོར༌གནས༌སྟངས༌ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་ལུ་ རང༌བཞིན༌གནས༌སྟངས༌ ཉམས༌སྲུང༌འབད༌ནིའི༌དོན༌ལུ༌ དབུ༌ཁྲིད༌བཟང༌པོ༌བཛད༌པའི༌ ཡིད་ཆེས་ངལ་རངས་ཀྱི་ གཟེངས་བསྟོད་རྟགས༌མ༌ཚུ༌ཡང༌ ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན༌མས། ལྷག༌པར༌དུ༌ མི༌དབང༌མཆོག༌ལུ་ གཞན༌ཁག༌ཆེ༌བའི༌ རྟགས༌མ༌ཚུ༌ཡང༌ སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༢༠༠༦ སྤྱི༌ཟླ༌ ༡༠ པའི༌ཚེས༌ ༡༧ ལུ༌ འཛམ༌གླིང༌རི༌དྭགས༌སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཚོགས་སྡེ༌ལས༌ཡང༌ སྲིད་སྐྱོང་གི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་དྲགོས་ཀྱི་ གསོལ་རས་ ཇེ་པའུལ་གི་ཊི་ རྟགས་མ་ཚུ་ཡང་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་མ་འོངས་པའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ ཧ་གོ་བ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཁོ་རའི་མི་སེར་དང་རྒྱབ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ཉིན་ནུབ་མེད་པར་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་ གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཀྱི་ཉིནམ་དང་འབྲེལ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་མི་སྡེ་ནགས་ཚལ་གྱི་ ཉིནམ་སྦེ་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་སྲོལ་ཅིག༌ཡང༌འགོ༌བཙུགས༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། འཛམ༌གླིང༌ཚན༌རིག༌མཁས༌མཆོག༌ཚུ༌གིས༌བཤད༌དོ༌བཟུམ༌འབད༌བ༌ཅིན༌ འབྲུག༌ རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ཀྱི༌ས༌གནས༌འདི༌ རང༌བཞིན༌ལས༌བརྟེན༌པའི༌འཇིགས༌པ༌འབྱུང༌པ༌ཅིན༌ སྒྲིང༌ཁྱིམ༌སྦོམ༌ཚུ༌གི༌འོག༌ལུ༌ཚུད༌ནིའི༌ ཉེན༌ཁ༌ མེད༌རུང༌ རི༌དང༌བྲག༌ལ༌སོགས༌པ༌ཚུ༌གི༌ འོག༌ལུ༌ཚུད༌ནིའི༌ཉེན༌ཁ༌ གནམ༌མེད༌ས༌མེད༌སྦོམ༌ཡོད༌པའི༌སྐོར༌ལས༌ཡང༌བཤད༌ དེ༌འདུག། (ཀུན༌བཟང༌ཆོས༌འཕེལ། རྣམ༌རྒྱལ༌ཕུན༌ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩) ནང༌བཀོད༌ནུག།
ཨིན་རུང་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ འབྱུང་བ་བཞིའི་འཇིགས་པ་དེ་བཟུམ་མ་བྱུང་མི་དེ་ཡང་ ཨྱོན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་ གྲུབ་ཐོབ་ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ་ བླམ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་གེ་ར་ འབྱུང་བ་བཞི་ལས་རང་དབང་ཐོབ་ཡོད་པའི་ གང་ཟག་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཅིན་ཨིནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྲུང་ཐབས་མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཛད་པའི་ བཀའ་དྲིན་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན་ཟེར་ ཆོས་མཛད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་གསུངསམ་ཨིན་མས། ཨིན་རུང་དེང་སང་གི་དུས་ལུ་ མི་མང་ཤོས་རང་རྙིགས་མ་ལྔ་བདོ་བའི་དབང་གིས་ ཆོས་ལུ་ཡིད་ཆེས་འབད་མི་ རིམ་གྱིས་ཉམས་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྲུང་ཐབས་མཛད་པའི་ ལྷ་ཁང་དང་མཆོད་རྟེན་བྱིན་བརླབས་ཅན་ཚུ་ཡང་ གཟུངས་བཞུགས་བཏོན་ཏེ་བྱིན་བརླབས་ཉམསའགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བཟློག་རིམ་མནན་པ་མཛད་མི་ཚུ་ ས་རིམ་པ་དགུ་གི་འོག་ལས་ཕྱི་ཁར་བཏོན་ཏེ་ དམ་སྲི་དང་འབྱུང་པོ་ཁ་དར་བཅུག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ད་རེས་ཀྱི་དུས་ལུ་ མི་མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་ར་ ཏམ་ཁུ་དང་སྨྱོ་རྫས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྡུག་རྫས་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ འབྱུང་བ་བཞི་ལུ་གནོདཔ་བཀལ་ནི་དེ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ འབྱུང་བཞིའི་འཇིགས་པ་ཐོན་པའི་ཉེན་ཁ་སྦོམ་ཡོད་ཟེར་ ལུང་བསྟན་ཚུ་ནང་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Karma Phuntsho, 2013).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;རང༌བཞིན༌གནས༌སྟངས༌ཟེར༌བའི༌སྐབས༌ མང༌ཤོས༌རི༌དང༌ནགས༌ཚལ༌ ཆུ༌དང༌བྲག༌རྐྱང༌པ༌ཅིག༌ལུ་རང༌བཞིན༌གནས༌སྟངས༌ཀྱི༌ གྲལ༌ཚུད༌དོ༌བཟུམ༌མཐོང༌རུང༌ དེ༌སྦེ༌མེན་པར༌ཕྱིའི༌འཇིག༌རྟེན༌དང༌ ནང༌གི༌སེམས༌ཅན༌གཉིས༌ཆ༌ར༌ལུ༌བརྩི༌དོ༌ཡོདཔ༌ལས༌ དཔེ་འབད༌བ༌ཅིན༌སྲོག༌ཆགས༌དང༌འདབ༌ཆགས༌ གཅན༌གཟན༌ཚུན༌ཚོད་ཅིག༌འབྲེལ༌བ༌ཡོད༌ནི༌དེ༌གིས༌ གཅིག༌མེད༌པ༌ཅིན༌ དེའི༌རྐྱེན༌གྱིས༌གཞན༌ཅིག༌ལུ༌ གནོད༌པ༌འབྱུང༌ནི༌དེ༌ཆོས༌ཉིད༌ཨིན༌ཟེར༌ རིག༌གསར༌ཤེས༌བྱ༌མཁན༌ཚུ༌གིས༌ཡང༌ བཤད༌དོ༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། རྒྱུ༌མཚན༌དེ༌འབདཝ༌ལས༌བརྟེན༌ མི༌དབང༌འབྲུག༌རྒྱལ༌བཞི༌པ༌མཆོག༌གི༌ཞབས༌ལས༌ རང༌བཞིན༌གནས༌སྟངས༌ ཉེན༌སྲུང༌མཛད༌ནི༌ལུ༌ དམིགས༌བསལ༌གྱིས༌ སེམས༌ཤུགས༌མཛད༌དོ༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༡༩༨༠ ལོའི༌ནང༌ བསྟན༌རྒྱས༌ལྷན༌ཁག༌གིས༌ འགོ༌འདྲེན༌ཐོག༌ལས༌ རྡོ༌ཀ༌མ༌རུ༌པའི༌བཟོ༌གྲྭ༌ཁང༌དེ༌ནང༌ མི༌དབང༌ མངའ༌བདག༌རིན༌པོ༌ཆེ༌ཞབས༌ལས༌ གཟིགས༌ཞིབ༌གནང༌པའི༌ཤུལ༌ལུ་ བཟོ༌གྲྭ༌འདི༌ཁེ༌ཕན༌ཅན༌ཨིན༌རུང༌ སྒོ༌བསྡམས༌ དགོཔ༌བྱུང༌མི༌འདི༌ མི༌ལོ༌ ༥༠ དེ༌ཅིག༌གི༌ཤུལ༌མ༌ མཐའ༌འཁོར༌གནས༌སྟངས༌ལུ༌ གནོད༌སྐྱོན་གྱི༌ཤུགས༌ཚད༌དེ༌ བཟོ༌གྲྭ༌ཁང༌དེ༌ལས༌ཐོབ༌པའི༌འོང༌འབབ༌ལས༌ རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ནང༌གྱོང༌རྒུད༌སྦོམ༌ནིའི༌ཉེན༌ཁ༌གཟིགས༌ཏེ༌ བཟོ༌གྲྭ༌ཁང༌འདི༌མཚམས༌འཇོག༌སྦེ་འབད༌བཞག༌ནིའི༌ བཀའ༌རྒྱ༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན༌མས། བྱ༌བ༌དེ༌བཟུམ༌ལུ༌བལྟ༌སྟེ༌ མི༌དབང༌མཆོག༌གིས༌ རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ཀྱི༌རང༌བཞིན༌མཐའ༌འཁོར༌གནས༌སྟངས༌ལུ༌ ག༌དེ༌ཅིག༌ ཐུགས༌ཀྱི༌བརྩེ༌བ༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན༌ན༌ཤེས༌ཚུགས༌པས། དེ༌ལས༌མ༌ཡིན༌པའི༌བྱ༌བ༌ སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༡༩༩༣ ལུ༌ འབྲུག༌པའི༌ས༌གནས༌མ༌འདྲཝ༌ཚུ༌ནང༌ རི༌དྭགས༌སྲུང༌སྐྱོབ༌ཀྱི༌གླིང༌གསྦེ་ཡང༌ ངོས༌འཛིན༌མཛད༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན༌མས། དེ༌ཡང༌ལྷོ༌ཕྱོགས༌ཁ་ཐུག༌ཏུར༌སའི༌ནགས༌ཚལ༌ དབུས༌ཕྱོགས༌སུ༌ཇོ༌བོ༌དུར༌ཞིང༌དང༌ ཕྲུམ་སེང༌ལ༌ ཤར༌ཁ༌ཐུག༌ལུ༌ སྲག༌སྟེང༌ དང༌ འབུམ༌སྡེ༌གླིང༌ངོས༌འཛིན༌འབད༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན༌མས། (འབྲུག༌ཞིབ༌འཇུག༌ལྟེ༌བ༌ ༢༠༡༠ ཤོག༌གྲངས༌ ༡༧༦-༡༧༧) ནང༌ བཀོད༌དེ༌འདུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;དེ༌བཟུམ༌སྦེ༌ དཔལ༌ལྡན༌འབྲུག༌པའི༌རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ནང༌ གཞུང༌གི༌ཁ༌ཐུག༌ལས༌འབད༌རུང༌ རང༌བཞིན༌གནས༌སྟངས༌ལུ༌ ཕན༌ཐབས༌ལུ༌དམིགས༌ཏེ༌ རྒྱལ༌ཡོངས༌ཚོགས༌འདུ༌ཆེན༌མོ༌ཐེངས༌ ༦༨ ནང༌ ནགས༌ཚལ༌ལས༌ཁུངས༌ཀྱིས༌ སྙན༌ཞུ༌ཕུལ༌མི༌ ནང༌ཡང༌ འཆར༌གཞི༌ལྔ༌པའི༌ནང༌གཞུང༌ས༌སྟོངམ༌དང༌ མི༌སེར༌གྱི༌ཁྲམནང༌ཚུད༌མི༌བསྡོམས༌ཏེ༌ ས༌ཞིང༌ཨེ་ཀར་ ༢༩༨༦ ནང་ཤིང་གི་ལྕངམ་འབུམ་ ༦༢༠༠ ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་བཙུགས་ཡོད་པའི་ གྲོས་ཆོད་དོན་ཚན་ ༡༦ པའི་ནང་བཀོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (འབྲུག༌ཞིབ༌འཇུག༌ ལྟེ༌བ༌ ༢༠༡༠ ཤོག༌གྲངས༌ ༡༧༦-༡༧༧) ནང༌བཀོད༌དེ༌འདུག། དེ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཐབས་ཤེས་གཞན་ཡང་ ཆུ་རུད་བཀག་ཐབས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་དང་ རི་དྭགས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ག་བཟོ་ནིའི་ལས་རིམ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་ལས་ རི་དྭགས་སེམས་ཅན་དང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་ གནོད་པ་བཀལ་མ་བཅུག་པར་བཞག་སྟེ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་བཞེད་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ འགྲུབ་ཚུགསཔ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ། === 
&lt;big&gt;༉ དཔལ་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ ང་བཅས་དཔལ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ སྟོབས་ཤུགས་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་དང་ མཐུན་ལམ་ག་ཅི་དེ་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་བཟོ་གནང་བའི་ མཛད་བྱ་བཟང་པོ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་མི་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༡ ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་ཡབ་རྒྱལཔོ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བྱོན་པའི་ཉིནམ་ལུ་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་དང་ མཐུན་ལམ་ག་ཅི་དེ་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་བཟོ་ནིའི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ཡང་ དེ་ཁར་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་པའི་ཉིནམ་ལུ་ཡང་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྲིད་འཛིན་མཆོག་ཡང་བྱོན་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞན་རིམ་བྱུང་གི་སྲིད་འཛིན་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བྱོན་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ཡང་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ འཕྲལ་འཕྲལ་ར་བྱོན་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་འབྲུག་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལོའི་ནང་ གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་སྣ་མཛད་ནའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཕན་ཚུན་གཉིས་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ དངུལ་ཀྲམ་ ས་ཡ་ ༤༣༧.༢ གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༧ ལུ་ དངུལ་ཀྲམ་ ཐེར་འབུམ་ ༩ དེ་ཅིག་གནང་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡང་ག་ཅི་དེ་ ཡར་དྲག་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༣ ལུ་ འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་བར་ན་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་དང་སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན་གྱི་ཐོག་ཁར་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་ (ཨིན་དྲོ་བུ་ཊན་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཆིངས་ཡིག་ ༡༩༨༣ ཅན་མ་) ཡང་བཟོ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ སྔོན་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་བློ་གཏད་དང་ཡིད་ཆེས་འབྱུང་ཚུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ལོ་དེ་ནང་ར་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལས་ གནམ་གྲུའི་རྒྱུན་ལམ་དང་ གློག་ཐག་བརྒྱུད་འཕྲིན་ཚུ་ཡང་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་དེ་ འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་བར་ན་ འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་ནི་ལུ་ ག་ཅི་དེ་འཇམ་ཏོང་ཏོ་བཟོ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ ནིའུ་དྷི་ལི་ལུ་བྱོན་གནང་སྟེ་ རྒྱ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་བར་ན་ཡོད་པའི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༧ ཅན་མའི་ དོན་ཚན་གཉིས་པའི་ནང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་བཙན་ཐབས་ལུ་ བྱ་སྟབས་མ་བདེ་བའི་ཚིག་དོན་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ ཚུད་དེ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ བསལ་ནི་གི་དོན་ལས་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་འདི་བསྐྱར་གསོ་ཡང་མཛད་ནི་གི་ གསུང་གྲོས་མཐར་ཕྱིན་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;དེ་མ་ཚད་པའི་གཞན་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༨ ལུ་ བསྐྱར་གསོ་མཛད་པའི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་གུར་ མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སེར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ མཚན་རྟགས་བཀོད་དེ་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ རྒྱ་འབྲུག་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཆིངས་ཡིག་ དོན་ཚན་ ༡༠ ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མཐུན་ལམ་ལུ་འགྱུར་བ་མེད་པར་ དུས་ནམ་ར་འབད་རུང་བར་ན་གནས་ཏེ་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་ དྲང་ཁྲིམས་ ཤེས་རིག་ འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་ རྩེད་རིགས་ འཕྲུལ་རིག་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ ཕན་ཚུན་གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་ བློ་གཏད་ཡིད་ཆེས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་ཧྲིལ་བུའི་བདེ་སྲུང་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་གཞི་བདེ་ལུ་ ཡུན་བརྟན་གནས་ཚུགསཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དེ་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ཉམས་དགའ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ བཟོ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༠-༧༡) ནང་ལུ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ མ་འོངས་མངོན་པར་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཡང་ མཐུན་ལམ་ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་དང་ རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་ནི་ལུ་ བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ཚུན་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཤར་ནུབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༢༢ དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གཞུང་ཚབ་བཙུགས་ལེན་གྱི་མཐུན་ལམ་བཟོ་སྟེ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྟོབས་ཅན་གཞན་ ཨ་མི་རི་ཀ་དང་ རྒྱ་ནག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་དང་ཡང་ མཐུན་ལམ་བཟོ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་ཚོགས་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཚུ་དང་ཡང་ མཐུན་ལམ་བཟོ་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ ཡུ་ཨེན་དྲི་པི་ ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་ ཡུ་ནིསི་ཀོ་ དྲབ་ལུ་ཨེཆ་ཨོ་ ཨེཕ་ཨེ་ཨོ་ དྲབ་ལུ་ཨེཕ་པི་ དྲབ་ལུ་དྲབ་ལུ་ཨེཕ་ཚུ་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་མི་སྡེའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ ཨསི་ཀྲི་ཡན་ ཀེ་ན་དྲི་ཡན་ ཧེལ་བི་ཀྲསི་ ཇའི་ཀ་ ཇེ་ཨོ་སི་བི་ དྲེན་མཱག་ ཇི་ཀྲི་ཛེཀྲ་ ཨེས་ཨེན་བཱི་ པི་ཨར་ཨོ་ སེཕ་ད་ཅིལ་དྲེན་ ནིའུ་ཟི་ལེནདྲི་ ཐའི་ལེནདྲི་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ཡང་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་དོན་གཅོད་ཡིག་ཚང་ཡང་ ནིའུ་དྷི་ལི་ ནིའུ་ཡོག་ ཇི་ནི་བཱ་ ཀུ་ཝེཀྲ་ དྲ་ཀ་ བཱེང་ཀོག་ཚུ་ནང་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ འབྲུག་འདི་མིང་གཏམ་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་སྟེ་ ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཐབས་ཤེས་གནས་སྐབས་ མཁས་མཆོག་ཅན་གྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་དེ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༣-༧༤) ནང་ལུ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༡ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དེ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་མ་དངུལ་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་དངུལ་ཁང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ འཐུས་མི་སྦེ་འཛུལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གཞན་ཡང་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༢ ལུ་ དྲབ་ལུ་ཨེཆ་ཨོ་དང་ ཡུ་ནིསི་ཀོ་གིས་འཐུས་མི་སྦེ་འཛུལ་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༥ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཚོགས་པའི་ནང་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དེ་ ཆུང་ཀུ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་སྟོབས་ཆུང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཟུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱ་ཆེ་དྲགས་སྦེ་གཞུང་ཚབ་ཡིག་ཚང་བཙུགས་མ་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༡ ལུ་ རྒྱ་གར་དང་བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ནང་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་མཐུན་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོད་པའི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ གཞུང་ཚབ་ ༢༦ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ས་ནིཝ་དེ་ལི་ ཡང་ན་ དྲཱ་ཀ་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་སྡོད་ནུག། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;གོང་ལུ་བཀོད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ གསེར་ཁྲི་ཁར་ཕེབས་པའི་ཉིནམ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ དུས་ཡུན་ཐུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ཡང་ མ་བཞུགས་པར་ཉིན་མཚན་རྟག་ཏུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་མཛད་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ཁག་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ སྟོབས་ཆུང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆུང་ཀུ་དེ་ གཞན་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་ཚར་བའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་ མཐུན་ལམ་བཟོ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ འབྲུག་མི་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་གིས་ སེམས་ལས་ནམ་ཡང་བརྗེད་པར་ཕངས་པའི་ མཛད་བྱ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་གྱི་མཛད་བྱ་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ཡང༌ དང༌པ༌རྒྱ༌གར༌རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌དང༌ དཔལ༌ལྡན༌འབྲུག༌པའི༌རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌གཉིས༌ཀྱི༌བར༌ན༌ མཐུན༌ལམ༌གོང༌འཕེལ༌མཛད༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌དང༌ གཉིས༌པར༌ ལྷོ༌ཨེ༌ཤིཡ༌ལུང༌ཕྱོགས༌མཐུན༌འབྲེལ༌ཚོགས༌པ༌དང༌ གཅིག༌ཁར༌ཡང༌མཐུན༌འབྲེལ༌ག༌དེ༌དྲག༌དྲག༌ སྒྲིང༌སྒྲི༌བཟོ༌ཡོད༌པའི༌གུར༌ འཛམ༌གླིང༌སྤྱི༌ཚོགས༌དང༌འབྲེལ༌བའི༌མཐུན༌ལམ༌ཅན༌གྱི༌ རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌གཞན༌དང༌ཡང༌ བའི༌ལེ༌ཀྲར༌ ཟེར༌ཕྱོགས༌གཉིས༌ཀྱི༌མཐུན༌འབྲེལ༌ ལྷག༌པར༌དུ༌ མཱལ༌ཀྲི༌ལེ༌ཀྲར༌ཟེར༌བའི༌ རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ལེ་ཤ་དང་འབྲེལ༌བའི༌མཐུན༌འབྲེལ༌ཡང༌ ག༌ཅི༌དེ༌ལེགས༌ཤོམ༌བཟོ༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌མ༌ཚད༌ གཞན༌ཡང༌ འཛམ༌གླིང༌གཞན༌གྱི༌སྤྱི༌ཚོགས༌འཐུས༌མིའི༌གྱལ༌ཁར༌འཛུལ༌བའི༌ མཐུན༌འབྲེལ༌ག༌ནི༌བ༌ སྒྲིང༌སྒྲི༌བཟོ༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་ ༢༠༡༠) ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== དྲང་ཁྲིམས་ལྷན་སྡེ། === 
&lt;big&gt;༉ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གསེར་ཁྲི་གུར་ མ་བྱོན་པའི་གོང་ལས་ར་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༣ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་དེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ མངོན་པར་མཐོ་བའི་ཁྲིམས་བཟོའི་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་སྦེ་ འགོ་བཙུགས་སྟེ་བཞག་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ དགོས་འདོད་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ལཱ་འགན་དང་འགན་ཁུར་ཚུ་ བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེའི་ནང་ལུ་ འཐུས་མི་བཙག་འཐུ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གསང་བའི་ཚོགས་རྒྱན་བཙུགས་ནིའི་ ལམ་ལུགས་ཅིག་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་ལཱ་འགན་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་འབག་ནི་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ཁྲིམས་ལུགས་གསར་བཟོ་འབད་ནི་ དེ་གིས་མ་ཚད་པར་ དེ་གིས་འགན་ཁུར་ཧེང་སྐལ་སྦོམ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ་ལོ་ལྔའི་འཆར་གཞི་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འཆར་དངུལ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ ངོས་ལེན་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ཡང་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;མི༌དབང༌འབྲུག༌རྒྱལ༌བཞི༌པ༌མཆོག༌གིས༌ རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ནང༌དཔལ༌འབྱོལ༌གོང༌འཕེལ༌གྱི༌ གོམ༌པ་གདོང༌ཁར༌སྤོ༌བའི༌དུས༌ཚོད༌ཁར༌ དེ༌ཁར༌གནས༌ཡོད༌པའི༌ མནོ༌ཅན༌གྱི༌གང༌ཟག༌ཚུ༌གི༌ སེམས༌ལུ༌ཡང༌འགྱུར༌འགྱོ༌ནི༌དེ༌གིས༌ ཁྲིམས༌ཀྱི༌འདུན༌ས༌ ཞི༌རྩོད༌དང༌ ཉེས༌རྩོད༌ཀྱི༌རྩོད༌གཞི༌ཁག༌མ༌འདྲཝ༌ ལེ༌ཤ༌འཐོན༌ནི༌གི༌ ཉེན༌ཁ༌སྦོམ༌སྦེ༌ཡོདཔ༌ ཐུགས༌རྒྱུད༌བཟང༌བའི༌ མི༌དབང༌འབྲུག༌རྒྱལ༌ བཞི༌པ༌མཆོག༌གིས༌མཁྱེན་ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། དེ༌འབདཝ༌ལས༌བརྟེན༌ དྲང་ཁྲིམས་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་མི་ཚུ་གིས་འབད༌བ༌ཅིན༌ འཁོར་བ་ལུ་གཅེསཔ་རང་སྲོག་ རྒྱལཔོ་ལུ་གཅེསཔ་འབངས་མི༌སེར༌དང༌རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ འབངས་ཀྱི་རེ་བ་བདེ་སྐྱིད་དང༌ ཞི་བདེའི་རྩ་བ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་འོག་ལུ་ དྲག་ཞན་གོ་སའི་མཐོ་དམའ་ ཕྱུགཔོ་དང་སྤྱང་ཀའི་ཁྱད་པར་དང༌ ཉེ༌རིང༌ལ༌སོགས༌པ༌ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར༌ དྲང་བདེན་གྱི་ཁྲིམས་འདྲ་མཉམ་སྦེ་ འཐོབ་ཚུགས་ནིའི༌དོན༌ལུ༌ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ ལས་ ཆེ་མཐོའི་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་འདུན་ས་ལུ་ ཁྲིམས་དཔོན་གྱི་གྲས་ལས་ གཙོ་འཛིན་གཅིག་ ཁྲིམས་སྤྱིའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཙུགས༌ དེ༌མ༌ཚད༌སྤྱི་ལོ་དེ་ནང་ར་དྲུང་ཁག་ཁྲིམས་འདུན་ ༣ ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་དེ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༦༤) ནང་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༤ ལོའི་ནང་ལུ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཁྲིམས་ཁང་གོང་མ་ མ་བརྩིས་བར་རྫོང་ཁག་ཁྲིམས་ཁང་ ༩ དང་ དྲུང་ཁག་བཞི་ནང་ཁྲིམས་རྩོད་འབད་བའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་སྡོད་ནུག། དེ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༨ ལུ་ ཁྲིམས་དོན་ཚོགས་ཆུང་ཅིག་ལོགས་སུ་བཙུགས་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་དང་ཁྲིམས་བཟོའི་ལཱ་འགན་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཁ་གསལ་སྦེ་ལོགས་སུ་དབྱེ་སྟེ་གནང་ ད་རེས་ང་བཅས་རའི་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ནང་ལྷན་སྡེ་གསུམ་གྱི་གྲས་ཁར་ དྲང་ཁྲིམས་ལྷན་སྡེ་ཟེར་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་མཛད་དེ་ གཞུང་ལས་ཟད་འགྲོ་ཕངས་མེད་གནང་ཐོག་ལས་དྲང་ཁྲིམས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་དགོ་པའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་གཙོ་བོ་ མི་སྡེ་ལུ་གཡོ་སྒྱུ་དང་ཕྱོགས་ལྷུང་ བཙན་གནོན་ལ་སོགས་པ་མེད་པར་ དྲང་པོ་གནམ་ཐིགས་བཟུམ་ཉེས་པ་ལུ་ཉེས་ཁྲིམས་དང་ བདེན་པ་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ཚུ་ཚུལ་བཞིན་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ མི་སྡེ་བདེ་སྐྱིད་དང་ལྡན་པར་གནས་ཐུབ་པའི་དོན་ལུ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༧ ཟླཝ་ ༧ པ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ ཁྲིམས་ཁང་གོང་མའི་ཁྲིམས་དཔོན་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡང་ རང་སོའི་ཟླ་རིམ་བཞིན་གྱི་ དངུལ་ཕོགས་ཡང་རྒྱ་ཆ་ ༢༠ ཁང་གླའི་འཐུས་སྦེ་གནང་གྲུབ་པའི་བཀའ་ཐམ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་ གནང་བ་གྲུབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ ༢༠༡༠ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༧༣-༡༧༥) ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ཁྲིམས་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ བདག་སྐྱོང་གི་ལཱ་ལས་བརྟེན་ བྱ་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ བསལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༦ ལས་ ཁྲིམས་དཔོན་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཞལ་འཛོམས་ འགོ་དང་པ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ལས་ འབྲུག་གི་ཁྲིམས་སྤྱི་བློན་པོ་ཡང་ བཀལ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྟེན་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་བཀའ་དོན་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ བཅའ་ཁྲིམས་ཁག་མ་འདྲཝ་ ༡༢༠ ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་ གསར་བརྩམས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལེགས་བཅོས་ཡང་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁྲིམས་དཔོན་གྱི་མིང་དེ་ཡང་ དྲང་དཔོན་དང་ ཁྲིམས་ཁང་ལུ་ ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་འདུན་ས་ལུ་ བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁྲིམས་འདུན་ལུ་གཞིའི་རིགས་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་པའི་སྐབས་ བྱ་སྟབས་བདེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ དྲང་བདེན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ཐག་གཅད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༧༩ པའི་ནང་ ཞི་རྩོད་དང་ཉེས་རྩོད་ བྱ་བའི་གནད་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་ཁྲིམས་དེབ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༡ ཅན་མ་ཆ་འཇོག་མཛད་དེ་གནང་ནུག། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༦༤) ནང་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩ ལྟར་དུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་ཚེས་ ༣༠ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཁྲིམས་སྡེ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་སྟེ་ ཆེ་མཐོ་ རྫོང་ཁག་ ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་འདུན་སའི་དྲང་དཔོན་ཚུ་བཀལ་ནི་ ལཱ་གི་ཞིབ་དཔྱད་འབད་ནི་ ཆ་མེད་དགོངས་ཞུ་གཏང་ནིའི་ལམ་ལུགས་ཚུ་ ཁྱད་རིག་དྭངས་གསལ་ཅན་བཟོ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དྲང་ཁྲིམས་ལྷན་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་ གཡོ་སྒྱུའི་ངན་ལྷད་མེད་པར་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ བསྒྲུབ་ཚུགསཔ་ཅིག་འབད་དགོ། འབྲུག་གི་མངའ་བདག་རྒྱལཔོ་ སྐུ་ཉག་གཅིག་མ་གཏོགས་ གཞན་འབྲུག་མི་གེ་ར་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་འོག་ལུ་ དབྱེ་བ་མེད་པར་འདྲ་མཉམ་སྦེ་ བཞག་དགོ་པའི་ཁར་ ཁྲིམས་འདུན་ལས་ཉེས་པ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཉེས་བྱ་ ཉེས་ཆད་ ཉེས་ཁྲིམས་རེ་བཀལ་དགོཔ་ཐོནམ་ད་ ཁྲིམས་ཁག་སོ་སོར་སྦེ་ བྱ་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ ནཱ་ལས་ཕར་ ཞི་རྩོད་དང་ཉེས་རྩོད་ཀྱི་རྩོད་གཞི་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཉེས་པ་མེད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ དཀའ་སྡུག་ཕོག་ནི་མེདཔ་ ཉེས་པ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཉེས་ཁྲིམས་ཡངས་ཆག་མེད་པར་བཀལ་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༨༢ པའི་ནང་ འབྲུག་གི་ཉེས་འགེལ་ཁྲིམས་དེབ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༤ ཅན་མ་ཆ་འཇོག་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;ཁྲིམས་སྡེའི་ལཱ་གཡོགཔ་གེ་ར་ ཕྱི་ནང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་ཤེས་ཚད་ཅན་གྱི་ མི་སྟོབས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་འདུན་སར་ཕུལ་བའི་རྩོད་གཞི་ཚུ་ གནད་དོན་ཆེ་ཆུང་ག་དེ་སྦེ་ཨིན་རུང་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ལཱ་ཐོ་བཅག་སྟེ་ ཡུན་རིངམ་སྦེ་མ་བཞག་པར་ འཕྲལ་མགྱོགས་འཁྲུན་ཆོད་གནང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན། འཁྲུན་ཆོད་དེ་ ཆགས་སྡང་ཕྱོགས་རིས་མེད་པར་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ ཁྲིམས་གཞི་དེ་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀུན་གྱི་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཡིད་ཆེས་ངལ་རངས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ གུས་ཞབས་དང་དཔའ་ཉམས་ཐོབ་པའི་ ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་ཚུ་ལས་ སྤུ་ཙམ་ཡང་འགལ་བ་མེད་པར་ དྲང་བདེན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་འབད་དགོ་པའི་ བཀའ་རྒྱ་ཡང་ལས་ཡང་དུ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཁྲིམས་གཞུང་ནང་ ཉེས་ཚབས་ཆེ་བའི་ཁྲིམས་འགལ་འབད་མིའི་ ནག་ཅན་ཚུ་ ཉེས་ཁྲིམས་སྲོག་ཐོག་བཀལ་དགོ་པའི་ དོན་ཚན་ཚུད་དེ་ཡོད་རུང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ཁྲི་ལོ་ ༣༤ འི་རིང་ ཉེས་པ་ནག་ཅན་ཕུད་རྡོག་གཅིག་ར་ སྲོག་ཐོག་གི་ཉེས་ཁྲིམས་མ་བཀལ་བའི་ཁར་ ནཱ་ལས་ཕར་ཡང་འབྲུག་འདི་ནང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་ཆོས་ལྡན་གྱི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཨིནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཉེས་ཁྲིམས་སྲོག་ཐོག་ལུ་བཀལ་ནི་འདི་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་དང་ཡང་མ་མཐུནམ་ འགྲོ་བ་མིའི་ཚེ་སྲོག་ལུ་བྱམས་པའི་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་ གཅེས་པར་འཛིན་པའི་དགོངས་བཞེད་གནང་སྟེ་ དོན་ཚན་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ཆ་མཉམ་ ཆ་མེད་མཛད་པའི་བཀའ་ཐམ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༤ ཟླ་ ༣ པའི་ཚེས་ ༣ ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་ཁྲིམས་སྤྱི་བློན་པོ་ལུ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོའི་བདག་འཛིན་ གོ་དོན་འགྲེལ་བཤད་ མཐོ་གཏུགས་ཀྱི་མཐར་ཐུག་ས་ མངོན་མཐོ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་འདུན་ས་ གསརཔ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དགོཔ། རང་ལུགས་བཟོ་བཀོད་ཀྱི་མཛེས་ཆ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཁར་ དེང་སང་གི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཡོད་པའི་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་འདུན་ས་ མང་རབས་ཅིག་གསརཔ་རྐྱབ་ རྙིངམ་ཚུ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་མཛད་དེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་དྲང་ཁྲིམས་ལྷན་སྡེ་དེ་ རང་དབང་ཅན་གྱི་གཙུག་སྡེ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་དེ་གནང་། གཡོ་མེད་དྲང་བདེན་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་ཚུ་ གསར་རྩོམ་དང་ལེགས་བཅོས་གནང་སྟེ་ གཤིན་རྗེ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལཔོ་དང་འདྲ་བའི་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་དེ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༦༤) ནང་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;མི༌དབང༌མཆོག༌གི༌ཁྲི༌ཐོག༌ཁར༌འཕེབས༌པའི༌ཉིནམ༌ལས༌འགོ༌བཟུང༌ དཔལ༌ལྡན༌འབྲུག༌པའི༌རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ཀྱི༌དོན༌ལས༌ འབྲུག༌གི༌ ཞི༌རྩོད༌དང༌ཉེས༌རྩོད༌བྱ༌བའི༌གནད༌སྤྱོད༌ཀྱི༌ཁྲིམས༌དེབ༌དང༌ འབྲུག༌ཉེས༌འགེལ༌བཅའ༌ཁྲིམས༌ལ༌སོགས༌པའི༌ ཞབས༌ཏོག༌ཚུ༌ ག༌ཅི༌དེ༌ལེགས༌ཤོམ༌བཟོ༌སྟེ༌ འབྲུག༌མི༌ཆེ༌ཆུང༌གེ༌ར༌གིས༌ འདྲ༌མཉམ༌ཐོག༌ལས༌ཞབས༌ཏོག༌ལེན༌ཚུགསཔ༌བཟོ༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། ལྷག༌པར༌དུ༌ སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༡༩༩༡ ལུ༌ ཁྲིམས༌དང༌འབྲེལ༌བའི༌ཞབས༌ཏོག༌འདྲ༌མཉམ༌ འཐོབ༌མ༌ཚུགས༌མི༌ཚུ༌ལུ༌ཡང༌ དྲང༌ཁྲིམས༌ལྷན་སྡེ༌གིས༌འགོ༌འདྲེན༌ཐོག༌ མི༌མཉམ༌ཆུང༌རྩོད༌གཞི༌རྒྱབ༌ལུས༌ཏེ་བསྣར༌བཞག༌མི༌ཚུ༌ དྭངས༌གསལ༌ཐོག༌ལས༌ མཇུག༌བསྡུ༌ནའི༌ཆ༌རོགས༌མཛད༌གནང༌ནུག། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ ༢༠༡༠ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༧༣-༡༧༥) ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== ལས་མི་དང་འོང་འབབ་ལེགས་བཅོས། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ སྔོན་ལས་དར་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བསྟར་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ ཁྱིམ་གུང་རེ་རེ་ལས་མི་ངོ་རེ་ཐོན་ཏེ་ གུང་གྲངས་འུར་ལཱ་ཟེར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་སྣ་ག་བཟུམ་ཐོན་རུང་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཁྲལ་སྦེ་བཀལ་བའི་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་པ་དང་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་ཏེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ལམ་སྲོལ་དེ་གུར་ དགོས་མཁོ་དང་བསྟུན་པའི་ལེགས་བཅོས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༠ ལུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ཁྲལ་སྦེ་བཀལ་ནི་མེན་པར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ གྲལ་གཏོགས་འབད་བཅུག་ནི་གུར་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ ཧེ་མ་བ་ལྷག་པའི་ལེགས་བཅོས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ ལེགས་བཅོས་མཛད་པའི་སྐབས་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་གྱིས་ངོས་ལེན་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ གཞན་སྟོབས་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་ བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་ནི་དེ་ མར་ཕབ་འགྱོ་ནི་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཏེ་ཡོད་རུང་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ ཁྲོམ་ཁར་གཞིས་སྤོ་འགྱོ་ནིའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དེ་ ཡར་སེང་འགྱོ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ སོ་ནམ་ཞིང་ལཱ་འབད་མི་ ཉུང་སུ་ཅིག་ལས་བརྒལ་མ་ལུས་ནི་དེ་གིས་ སོ་ནམ་ཐོན་ཤུགས་མར་ཕབ་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་མི་སེར་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ ཁྲོམ་ཁར་གཞིས་སྤོ་འགྱོ་མི་དེ་གིས་ གྲོང་གསེབ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་ སོ་ནམ་ཞིང་ལཱ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལས་མི་མ་ལངས་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་དང་ཚ་གྱང་སྦོམ་ལང་དགོ་པའི་གནད་དོན་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱུ་མཚན་དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ཁར་བཞུགས་མི་ བྱང་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༥ ཟླཝ་ ༡༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༧ ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་གྱི་ཉིནམ་དང་འབྲེལ་ གུང་གྲངས་འུར་ལཱའི་ཁྲལ་དེ་ ཆ་མེད་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གཞན་ཡང་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ལས་མི་གི་སྲོལ་དེ་ཡང་ དབང་ཚད་ཕྱིར་སྤེལ་ཐོག་ལས་ སེམས་ཀྱི་གདིང་ལས་ར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་གྱིས་གྲལ་གཏོགས་འབད་ནི་ཡོད་མེད་གཟིགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལཱ་འགན་དེ་ རྒེད་འོག་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཚོགས་ཆུང་ལུ་སྤྲོད་གནང་ནུག། རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་གྱི་ཉིནམ་དང་འབྲེལ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལས་མི་ལངམ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལས་མི་ཨིན་པའི་བརྩི་མཐོང་བསྐྱེད་དགོ་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་གསུངས་གནང་ནུག། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ལུ་མི་སྡེ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཡར་སེང་འབད་ཐོག་ལས་ ཞབས་ཏོག་གི་ཁྲལ་གསར་ལུ་བརྟེན་པའི་འོང་འབབ་ཚུ་ཡར་སེང་གནང་མི་དེ་ཡང་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་མེད་པའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་གསརཔ་བཙུགས་ཡོད་པའི་དཔེ་དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་དུས་ཡུན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ ལམ་འགྱོ་དགོ་པའི་ས་ཁར་ ཤུལ་ལས་སྣུམ་འཁོར་ལམ་ལ་སོགས་པ་བཏོན་ཏེ་ སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན་དང་གླ་འཁོར་གྱི་ཁྲལ། དོས་འཁོར་ཁྲལ། སྤུས་ཚད་ཁྲལ། ཁྲོམ་ཁར་སྣུམ་འཁོར་བཞག་སའི་ཁྲལ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ གཞུང་གི་འོང་འབབ་ལུ་ཡང་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གྲོང་གསེབ་གཡུས་སྒོ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡང་ འགྱུར་བ་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གཡུས་སྒོ་ལས་ཁྲོམ་ཁར་ གཞིས་སྤོ་འགྱོ་ནིའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དེ་ མར་ཕབ་འགྱོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ལས་མི་མ་ལངས་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ནི་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོགས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། (༢༠༠༩) ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།)&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ སོ་ནམ་ཞིང་ལཱ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་སྡོད་མི་འབད་ནི་དེ་གིས་ ཟ་སྤྱོད་འབད་བཏུབ་པའི་ས་ཞིང་ཨེ་ཀར་འབུམ་ ༩ དང་ནགས་ཚལ་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༧༠ ། དེ་ལས་ སྒོ་ནོར་གྱི་གྱངས་ཁ་འབུམ་ ༥ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཏོན་ནུག། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་ (༢༠༡༠) ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།) མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་དགོངས་བཞེད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་འགྲུབ་ཐབས་ལུ་བརྩོན་དགོཔ་ཨིནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་སྡོད་མི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ལྡན་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ དགོས་མཁོ་ཆེ་བའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་སྤྲོད་ནི་དང་། ཁྲལ་གྱི་རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ དཔེར་ན། ལས་མི་གི་ཁྲལ། སོ་ནམ་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་གྱི་ཁྲལ། དགེ་སློང་གི་ཁྲལ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་བཀལ་ནི་མེན་པར་ ལས་མི་ཚུ་གི་ཐོབ་དབང་དང་བསྟུན་པའི་གླ་ཆ་སྤྲོད་ནི་དང་ ཁྲལ་གྱི་རིགས་གཞན་ཚུ་ཆ་མེད་གཏང་ནི་དེ་ཨིན་མས།  
ཞབས་ཏོག་ལས་མི་ གྲ་སྒྲིག་དང་འཚོལ་སྒྲུབ་འབད་ནིའི་འགན་ཁུར་ཚུ་ རྒེད་འོག་གི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ལུ་སྤྲོད་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གྲོང་གསེབ་གཡུས་སྒོ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ གོ་སྐབས་འདྲ་མཉམ་སྤྲོད་པའི་བརྡ་མཚན་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མི་སེར་གྱི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ ངོས་ལེན་དང་ཁས་བླངས་ག་དེ་སྦེ་འབདཝ་མས་ག་བལྟ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020). འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ དང་ཕུ་ཡིག་ཚང་ནང་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ལཱ་འབད་མི་དང་ ཞིང་ལཱ་འབད་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ ཁྱད་པར་སྦོམ་ཞུགས་མི་དེ་ཡང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་བཞེད་སྣ་ཚོགས་ལུ་བརྟེན་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་མ་འདྲཝ་བརྩམས་པའི་འབྲས་བུ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ད་རེས་ཀྱི་དུས་ལུ་ དབྱེ་བ་དང་ཉེ་རིང་མེདཔ་གྱུར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ སོ་ནམ་ཞིང་ལཱ་འབད་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ལས་མི་ཨིན་པའི་བརྩི་མཐོང་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལས་མིའི་དཀའ་ངལ་ མི་འབྱུང་ནིའི་སྐོར་ལས་ཡང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་གསུངས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;  &lt;br&gt;

&lt;big&gt;དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དེ་ རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་དང་ གཞན་ལུ་རེ་མ་དགོ་པར་ རང་མགོ་རང་འདྲོང་སྦེ་གནས་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ དང་པ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཀ་ཆེན་བཞི་དེ་ བདག་འཛིན་དང་གུས་ཞབས་འབད་དགོཔ་དང་ གཞན་སོ་ནམ་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་ལས་ ནང་འདྲེན་འབད་མ་དགོ་པར་ རང་གི་རང་ལངསམ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་དེ་ཨིན། དམིགས་གཏད་དེ་ཚུ་འགྲུབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གཙོ་བོ་ར་དགོས་མཁོ་དང་བསྟུན་ ལས་མི་དགོ་ནི་དེ་གིས་ གྲོང་གསེབ་ཀྱི་གཡུས་སྒོ་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་མ་འདྲཝ་བརྩམ་ནི། དེང་སང་གི་འཕྲུལ་རིགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི། ལཱ་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྟབས་བདེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཟོ་བྱིན་ནིའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་སྤྲོད་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;

=== གྲོང་གསེབ་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་སོ་ནམ། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ལེ་ཤ་མཛད་ཡོད་པའི་སླ་ལས་ ཁག་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ གྲོང་གསེབ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ སོ་ནམ་ཞིང་ལཱ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་འགྱུར་བ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞན་ཡང་ དེང་སང་གི་འཕྲུལ་རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ཡང་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་པའི་མི་རླབས་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ལས་ ༨༠ དེ་ཅིག་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གྲོང་གསེབ་ཀྱི་གཡུས་སྒོ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ འཚོ་བ་སོ་ནམ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཡོད་ནི་དེ་གིས་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ ཐུགས་ཀྱི་བརྩེ་བ་ཚད་མེདཔ་ཅིག་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་བརྩམས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ གྲོང་གསེབ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་སྡོད་མི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ འགྱུར་བ་འབག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་གཙོ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་འགྱུར་བ་འགྱོ་ནིའི་དགོངས་དོན་གྲུབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;br&gt;

འབྲུག་ལུ་མི་རློབས་འབུམ་ ༧ མ་ལངསམ་ཅིག་ཡོད་པའི་གྲས་ལས་ སྟོང་ཕྲག་ ༣༠ ཁྲོམ་ཁར་སྡོད་མི་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག། འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ འཚོ་བ་སོ་ནམ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་ནི་དེ་གིས་ ཟ་སྤྱོད་འབད་བཏུབ་པའི་ ས་ཞིང་ཨེ་ཀར་འབུམ་ ༩ དང་ ནགས་ཚལ་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༧༠ ། དེ་ལས་ སྒོ་ནོར་སེམས་ཅན་གྱངས་ཁ་འབུམ་ ༥ དེ་ཅིག་སྡོད་ནུག། གྲོང་གསེབ་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་དང་ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་གི་བར་ན་ འཁོར་ལམ་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༡༠༠༠ བསལ་ཚར་ནུག། ཤར་བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་དང་ནུབ་ཧཱ་གི་བར་ན་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༥༢༠ སེལ་བའི་བསྒང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མི་དམངས་སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ འགྲུལ་འཁོར་ ༦༢། དེ་ལས་ བརྡ་དོན་སྤྲོད་ལེན་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ འགྲེམས་ཁང་ ༢༨ དང་ ཡན་ལག་འགྲེམས་ཁང་ ༥ ། བརྒྱུད་འཕྲིན་  ༧ །  ལྕགས་འཕྲིན་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་དེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་དང་ རྒྱ་ཤི་ལི་གུ་རི་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ལཱ་འབད་བཏུབ་ཅིག་སྡོད་ནུག། གཞན་ཡང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་དང་སྤ་རོ་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་ ༣ ནང་ལས་ཕར་ གློག་ཤུགས་ཨམ་བཙུགས་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གསར་སྤང་དང་དགེ་ལེགས་ཕུག་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་ཚུ་ནང་ གློག་མེ་རྒྱ་གར་ལས་ཉོ་སྟེ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་སྡོད་ནུག། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་ ༢༠༡༠ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༢ ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།)&lt;br&gt;

སོ་ནམ་ཞིང་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་འཇམ་ཏོང་ཏོ་བཟོ་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ སོ་ནམ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་ལྟེ་བ་ ༡༥ དང་ དཔེ་སྟོན་དང་སོན་སྤུས་ཚད་བཟོ་ས་ ༩ ། སོ་ནམ་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་ལྟེ་བ་ ༣ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ སྒོ་ནོར་ལྟེ་བ་ ༥ ཡང་སྡོད་ནུག། གཞན་ཡང་ ཞིང་ཆུའི་གཡུར་བ་བསལ་ནི། སྤུས་ཚད་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཡོད་པའི་སོན་ཚུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་ནི། གཞན་ཡང་ སོ་ནམ་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཡར་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཞིང་ལཱ་འབད་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལམ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྒོ་ནོར་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་ཐད་ཁར་འབད་རུང་ རིགས་ལེགས་ཤོམ་གསོ་ནི་དང་ སྒོ་ནོར་གསོ་སྐྱོང་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ཡང་ དེང་སང་གི་སྒོ་ནོར་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་རིམ་ལུགས་དེ་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་ཡང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་གྲོགས་རམ་ཐོག་ལས་ དངུལ་ཐོག་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་ཡང་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ གྲོགས་རམ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་འབད་དེ་ མི་སེར་སོ་ནམ་ཚུ་ལུ་འོང་འབབ་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;br&gt;

ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ཐོན་སྐྱེད་མཐོ་བའི་ཀེ་བ་གི་སོན་དང་ ཤིང་འབྲས་ཨེ་པཱལ་དང་ཚལ་ལུ་ཚུ་གི་སོན་གྱི་རིགས་ སྤུས་ཚད་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཚུ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་ནི་དེ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ཕྱིར་ཚོང་འཐབ་ནི་ལུ་ ཕན་ཐོགས་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་དང་ལྡན་པའི་མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་  ས་གཞིས་མེད་མི་ མི་སེར་མཉམ་ཆུང་ཚུ་ལུ་ སའི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་གནང་ནིའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དེ་ཡང་ སྔར་ག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཞག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ གྲོང་གསེབ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་སྡོད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ ཁྲོམ་ཁར་སྡོད་མི་བ་ལྷགཔ་སྦེ་ སྐྱིད་སྡུག་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་ཚུ་བཏང་གནང་ནུག། གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་གཞན་ཡང་ ཤེས་རིག། གསོ་བ། སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན་དང་གཞན་འཕྲུལ་རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་དང་ འཐུང་ཆུའི་ཞབས་ཏོག། སྡོད་སའི་ཁྱིམ། གཞན་ཡང་ གཙང་སྦྲ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་མི་ཚེ་འཚོ་སྐྱོང་གི་རིམ་ལུགས་ཚུ་ཡང་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གྲོང་གསེབ་ནང་ལུ་ འགྱུར་བ་ལེ་ཤ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་ཡོད་པའི་གྲས་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༠ གི་སྔ་གོང་ལུ་ གློག་མེ་བཙུགས་ནིའི་རིམ་ལུགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་ གུང་པ་ ༡༣༡༨ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་ གློག་མེ་ཁྱབ་ཚུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Sonam Kinga, 2020).&lt;br&gt;

མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ འགྱུར་བ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཛད་ཡོད་པའི་སླ་ལས་ གྲོང་གསེབ་ནང་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཤེས་རིག་གི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ མི་དམངས་སློབ་གྲྭ་ ༢ ། སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆེ་བ་ ༤ ། སློབ་གྲྭ་འའབྲིང་མ་ ༡༥ བརྩིས་ཏེ་ སློབ་གྲྭ་བསྡོམས་ ༡༠༢ ནང་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་ ༣༠༠༠ ལས་ ༩༠༠༠ གི་བར་ན་སྡོད་ནུག། བསམ་རྩེ་སློབ་དཔོན་སློབ་སྦྱོང་སྤེལ་ཁང་ཅིག་ནང་ སློབ་དཔོན་ ༤༠ རེ་སྦྱང་བ་སྤྲོད་དེ་ ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལས་ སློབ་དཔོན་ལེ་ཤ་ལེན་མ་དགོ་པར་ ཕན་ཐོགས་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ བཟོ་རིག་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཅིག་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ རིག་གསར་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལུ་ཕན་ཐབས་བྱུང་ནུག། གཞན་ཡང་ གསོ་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་གི་དོན་ལུ་ སྨན་ཁང་ཆེ་བ་ ༦ ། སྨན་སྤྲོད་ཁང་ ༣༤ ། དེ་ལས་ ནདཔ་དང་དེའི་ཉལ་ཁྲི་ ༡༦༦ ལས་བརྒལ་མེད་རུང་ འཆར་གཞི་ ༣ པའི་ནང་ ཉལ་ཁྲི་ ༣༤༣ ལུ་ཡར་སེང་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ ༩ ལུ་ཁྱབ་པའི་འཐུང་ཆུ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ཡང་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ནགས་ཚལ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤུས་ཚད་ལྡན་པའི་ཤིང་གི་ལྕངམ་ ས་ཞིང་ཨེ་ཀར་ ༨༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ནང་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་ ༢༠༡༠ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༣-༧༤ ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།)&lt;br&gt;

མཇུག་ར་ གོང་ལུ་བཀོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ དང་པ་དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་གྱི་བཀའ་དྲིན་དང་ གཉིས་པ་དྲིན་ཅན་ཕམ་ མི་དབང་རིམ་བྱོན་ཚུ། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ གྲོང་གསེབ་ཀྱི་གཡུས་སྒོ་ཚུ་དང་ ཁྲོམ་གྱི་བར་ན་དབྱེ་བ་མེད་པར་ འདྲ་མཉམ་སྦེ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ དངོས་སུ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེང་སང་གི་དུས་ལུ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་འཆར་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ གྲོང་གསེབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ སོ་ནམ་ཐོན་ཤུགས་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལས་ནང་འདྲེན་འབད་མ་དགོ་པར་ རང་མགོ་རང་འདྲོང་སྦེ་སྡོད་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་འབདཝ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== བདག་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་སྒྱུར། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ དུས་རྟག་ཏུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་ མི་སེར་ལུ་ག་ཅི་དེ་ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་ཕན་བདེ་བསྒྲུབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་བཞེད་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ ཀ་ཆེན་བཞི་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ཁག་ཆེ་ཤོས་ར་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་དེ་ཨིན། གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་ཟེར་བའི་སྐབས་ གཞུང་དེ་ཕྱི་ལས་བལྟ་བའི་ངོ་བོ་ལུ་ ཆུང་ཀུ་དང་ཁྱད་ནུས་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མི་སེར་གྱི་ཚོར་སྣང་ཤེས་རྟོགས་འབད་དེ་ མཐའ་དོན་བསྒྲུབ་ནིའི་བྱ་བ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པ་ཅིན་ ངོས་ལེན་འབད་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ལྷན་སྡེ་ འཐུས་མི་བཅུ་ཐམ་འབད་མི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཞི་གཡོག་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ རྒྱལ་གཞུང་རྩིས་ཞིབ་དབང་འཛིན་དང་ རྩོད་དཔོན་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ཡིག་ཚང་ ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ གསར་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔཨིན། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་ ༢༠༡༠) ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;

སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༠ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ འཐུས་མི་བཅུ་ཐམ་འབད་མི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཞི་གཡོག་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཟེར་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོད་མི་ནང་ལུ་ཁྲི་འཛིན་ཡང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་ངོ་ཚབ་སྦེ་ གདམ་འཐུ་འབད་སྲོལ་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་སྐོར་རྒྱབ་སྦེ་ཁྲི་འཛིན་གྱི་ འགན་ཁུར་འབག་སྲོལ་ཅིག་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ བློ་གྲོས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་དེ་ཡང་ སྔར་ལས་ལྷག་སྟེ་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་བཟོ་སྟེ་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་གིས་སྲིད་བྱུས་དེ་ཡང་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཚོགས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་འགན་ཁུར་ངོ་མ་དེ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་ལུ་ བསླབ་བྱ་བྱིན་ནི་དང་ཞི་གཡོགཔ་ཚུ་བལྟ་ནི་དེ་ཨིན་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ འགན་ཁུར་དང་བསྟུན་པའི་དབང་ཚད་སྤྲོད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༤ ལུ་ བསྐྱར་བཟོ་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ བཅའ་ཡིག་དང་སྒྲིག་གཞི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ གྲོས་འཆར་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་ཏོག་ཏོ་འགྱོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བཅའ་ཡིག་དེ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་ངོ་ རྒྱལཔོ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ གཞན་མི་ངོ་ག་འབད་རུང་ཅིག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་སེར་ལུ་གནོད་པ་བཀལ་ནིའི་ལཱ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བློ་གྲོས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གིས་ བཀག་བཞག་ནི་མེན་པར་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ་དང་ གཞན་དགོས་མཁོ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་གཞུང་ཚོགས་དང་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་སྙན་ཞུ་ཕུལ་ཆོག་པའི་ སྐོར་ལས་ཡང་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;br&gt;

ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ལེ་ཤ་མཛད་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ ཁག་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་འཕྲལ་ཕུགས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡིད་ཆེས་སྦོམ་གནང་སྟེ་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་དང་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་དབང་ཆ་འདི་ འགན་ཁུར་ཕྱིར་སྤེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གནད་དོན་ཁག་ཆེ་ཆུང་ག་བཟུམ་ཅིག་འབད་རུང་ ཐག་གཅད་ནིའི་ལམ་ལུགས་ནང་ལུ་ གསརཔ་ཅིག་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ སེམས་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་བཅུག་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་མི་སེར་གྱི་གནས་རིམ་ནང་ གོ་སྐབས་འདྲ་མཉམ་སྤྲོད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༡ ལུ་ འཆར་གཞི་ལྔ་པ་དང་བསྟུན་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཚོགས་ཆུང་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༡ ཟླ་ ༧ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་ འཆར་གཞི་བདུན་པ་དང་བསྟུན་ རྒེད་འོག་ ༡༩༧ ཡོད་མི་ནང་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཚོགས་ཆུང་ཅིག་ཡང་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ བརྩམ་ནི་དང་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་ཚུ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ འགན་ཁག་འབག་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;br&gt;

དེ་མ་ཚད་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༨ ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལུ་ འཆར་གཞི་བརྒྱད་པ་དང་བསྟུན་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཆེན་མོ་ཐེངས་ ༧༦ པའི་ནང་ཚོགས་དཔོན་ལུ་ དཔྱད་རིག་རྣམ་རྟོག་མེད་སི་སི་སྦེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ མི་སེར་གྱི་རེ་བ་དང་བསྟུན་པའི་གཞུང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ དེ་དང་བསྟུན་པའི་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་ནི་གི་ལམ་ལུགས་ བརྟན་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་དགོ་པའི་ཁར་ ལམ་ལུགས་དེ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ དུས་དང་བསྟུན་པའི་ ཚད་མཉམ་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་ཐབས་ལམ་ཅིག་ ཐད་རི་བ་རི་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་སྐོར་ལས་ བཀའ་ཐམ་ཡང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཆེན་མོ་གིས་ འབྲུག་མངའ་བདག་རྒྱལཔོ་ལུ་ ཡིད་ཆེས་ཚོགས་རྒྱན་གྱི་ གནས་ཐོ་བཀོད་སྲོལ་ཅིག་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་སྦེ་ཐག་བཅད་དགོཔ་དེ་ཡང་ མངའ་བདག་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཞབས་ལས་ འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་དེ་བཟུམ་མཛད་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ༌རྒྱ༌གནང༌ནི༌དེ༌གིས༌ཨིན། (ཀུན༌བཟང༌ཆོས༌འཕེལ། རྣམ༌རྒྱལ༌ཕུན༌ཚོགས༌། ༢༠༠༩ ཤོགས༌གྲངས༌ ༥༧-༥༩) ནང༌བཀོད༌དེ༌འདུག།&lt;br&gt;

དེ༌ལུ༌བརྟེན༌ཏེ༌འབྲུག༌ལུ༌གོང༌འོག༌དབྱེ༌བ༌མེད༌པར༌ འདྲ༌མཉམ༌གྱི༌ཐོག༌ཁར༌ བྱ༌བ༌ག༌ཅི༌བཟུམ༌ཨིན༌རུང༌ ལེགས༌ཤོམ༌འགྱོ༌སྟེ་ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། ལྷག༌པར༌དུ༌ མི༌དབང༌མཆོག༌གིས༌ ཚོགས༌འདུ༌ཆེན༌མོ༌གིས༌ ཡིད༌ཆེས༌མེད༌པའི༌ཚོགས༌རྒྱན༌ གསུམ༌དཔྱ༌གཉིས༌ཕུལ༌ཏེ༌ཡོད༌པ༌ཅིན༌ འབྲུག༌གི༌མངའ༌བདག༌རྒྱལཔོ༌མཆོག༌ རྒྱལ༌ཁྲི༌ལས༌དགོངས༌ཞུ༌མཛད༌དེ༌ བརྒྱུད༌འཛིན༌རྒྱལ༌སྲས༌ཡང༌ན༌ བརྒྱུད༌འཛིན༌ཤུལ༌མམ༌དེ༌ལུ༌ གསེར༌ཁྲི༌མངའ༌གསོལ༌མཛད༌དགོ༌པའི༌ བཀའ༌ཐམ༌དང༌བཀའ༌རྒྱ༌ཡང༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། མི༌དབང༌མཆོག༌ལུ༌ མི༌སེར༌གྱིས༌ག༌དེམ༌ཅིག༌ཞུ༌བ༌ཕུལ༌རུང༌ ཕྱག༌ལཱ༌ག༌ཅི༌མཛད༌རུང༌ རྒྱལཔོ༌གི༌དོན༌ལུ༌མེན༌པར༌ རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌དང༌མི༌སེར༌གྱི༌དོན༌ལུ༌མཛད༌དགོ༌ པའི༌སྐོར༌ལས༌ཡང༌གསུངས༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། དེ༌འབདཝ༌ལས༌བརྟེན༌ རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ནང༌སྲིད༌བྱུས༌ཁག༌ཆེ༌ཏོག༌ཏོ༌ཚུ༌ འགྲུབ༌ནིའི༌དོན༌ལས༌ འཛིན༌སྐྱོང༌གི༌དབང༌ཚད༌དང༌ མངའ༌བདག༌རྒྱལཔོ༌ལུ༌ ཡིད༌ཆེས༌ཀྱི༌ཚོགས༌རྒྱན༌ཕུལ༌དགོ༌པའི༌གནད༌དོན༌དེ༌ ཚོགས༌ཐེངས༌དེ༌ནང༌ལས༌ ཐག༌གཅད༌དགོཔ༌ གལ༌ཆེ༌བའི༌བཀའ༌རྒྱ༌ཡང༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། (ཀུན༌བཟང༌ཆོས༌འཕེལ། རྣམ༌རྒྱལ༌ཕུན༌ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩ ཤོགས༌གྲངས༌ ༥༤-༥༥) ནང༌བཀོད༌དེ༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༡༩༩༧ ཟླ༌ ༧ པའི༌ཚེས༌ ༢༠ ལས༌ གཞུང༌འཛིན༌སྐྱོང༌གི༌དབང༌ཚད༌ཆ༌མཉམ༌ བཙག༌འཐུ༌ལས༌གྲུབ༌པའི༌བློན༌པོའི༌ ལྷན༌ཚོགས༌ལུ༌ རྩིས༌སྤྲོད༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། ལྷན༌ཁག༌ ལས༌ཁུངས༌ ལས༌འཛིན༌ ལས༌སྡེ༌ ལེ༌ཤ༌ཅིག༌གསརཔ༌གཞི༌བཙུགས༌ མཛད༌གནང༌ཡོད༌པའི༌ཁར༌ རྫོང༌ཁག༌ཡར༌རྒྱས༌ཚོགས༌འདུ༌ཐེངས༌ ༨༠ པའི༌ནང༌ འཆར༌གཞི༌དགུ༌པ༌དང༌བསྟུན༌ རྫོང༌ཁག༌དང༌ རྒེད༌འོག༌ཡར༌རྒྱས༌ཚོགས༌ཆུང༌གི༌ བཅའ༌ཁྲིམས༌བསྒྱུར༌བཅོས༌གནང༌སྟེ༌ བཙག༌འཐུ༌ལས༌གྲུབ༌པའི༌ མི༌སྡེའི༌འགོ༌ཁྲིདཔ༌ཚུ༌གི༌གྲས༌ལས༌ རྫོང༌ཁག༌ཚོགས༌འདུ༌དང༌ རྒེད༌འོག༌ཚོགས༌ཆུང༌ལུ༌ དངུལ༌འབྲེལ༌དང༌ འཆར༌གཞི༌བརྩམ༌ནིའི༌འགན༌ཁག༌དང༌ དབང༌ཚད༌ཡང༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༢༠༠༣ ཟླ༌ ༥ པའི༌ཚེས༌ ༢ ལས༌ རྫོང༌ཁག༌ཚོགས༌འདུ༌དང༌ རྒེད༌འོག༌ ཚོགས༌སྡེའི༌ཁྲི༌འཛིན༌དང༌ གཞུང༌གི༌ཆེ༌མཐོའི༌འགོ༌དཔོན༌ཚུ༌ གཅིག༌ཁར༌འཛོམས༌ཏེ༌ ས༌གནས༌གཞུང༌ལུ༌ བྱ༌སྟབས༌མ༌བདེཝ༌ཡོད༌མི༌ཚུ༌ བསལ་༌ནིའི༌དོན༌ལུ༌ རྒྱལ༌ས༌ལྟེ༌བ༌ལུ༌ལོ༌བསྟར༌ཞལ༌འཛོམས༌འཚོག༌ནིའི༌སྲོལ༌ཅིག༌ཡང༌ འགོ༌བཙུགས༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;br&gt;

དཔལ༌ལྡན༌འབྲུག༌པའི༌རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ནང༌ལུ༌ ཞི༌གཡོགཔ༌ཚུ༌གཞུང༌ལུ༌ཐ༌དམ༌ཚིག༌དང༌ ལས༌རྒྱུ༌འབྲས༌ཐོག༌ལས༌ཞི༌གཡོག༌གི༌བཅའ༌ཁྲིམས༌ བཅའ༌ཡིག༌ སྒྲིག༌གཞི༌ཚུ༌ལས༌འགལ༌བ༌མེདཔ༌སྦེ་ སྲིད༌དོན༌ཚོགས༌པའི༌དབང༌ལུ༌མ༌ཤོར༌བར༌ སྤྱིར༌བཏང༌གི༌འགན༌ཁག༌འབག༌སྟེ༌ གཡོ༌སྒྱུ༌ངན༌ལྷད༌མེད༌པར༌ ཕྱག༌ཞུ༌ནི༌དང༌ དྭངས༌གསལ༌ འགན༌འཁྲི༌ ཁྱད༌རིག༌ འཇོན༌ཐངས༌ཅན༌སྦེ༌ ཡར༌དྲག༌གཏང༌ནིའི༌དོན༌ལུ༌ སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༡༩༨༢ ཟླ༌ ༦ པའི༌ནང༌ རྒྱལ༌གཞུང༌ཞི༌གཡོག༌ལྷན༌ཚོགས༌དེ༌ རྩ༌ཁྲིམས༌ཅན༌གྱི༌རང༌སྐྱོང༌ཡིག༌ཚང༌སྦེ༌ བཟོ༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། དེ༌མ༌ཚད༌འབྲུག༌པའི༌རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌དང༌མི༌སེར༌གྱི༌དོན༌ལུ༌ རྒྱུན༌སྐྱོང༌ཟད༌གྲོའི༌མ༌དངུལ༌ཚུ༌ འདྲ༌མཉམ༌དང༌ཚད༌འཛིན༌ཐོག༌ལས༌ བདག༌འཛིན༌འཐབ༌སྟེ༌ དངུལ༌རྩིས༌ཀྱི༌ཁྲིམས༌དང༌ལམ༌ལུགས༌ཚུ༌ལས༌ འགལ༌བ༌མེདཔ༌ སྤྱོད༌དགོ༌ནི༌དེ༌གིས༌ ཕྱོགས༌རིས༌མེད༌པར༌ དྲང༌བདེན༌གྱི༌ལག༌ལེན༌འཐབ༌སྟེ༌ རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ཀྱི༌འོང༌འབབ༌དང༌ མི༌དམངས༌ཀྱི༌སྤྱི༌དངུལ༌ཚུ༌ ཆུད༌ཟོས༌མེདཔ༌སྦེ༌ ལག༌ལེན༌འཐབ༌ཚུགས༌ནིའི༌དོན༌ལས༌ རྒྱལ༌གཞུང༌རྩིས༌ཞིབ༌དབང༌འཛིན༌དེ༌ཡང༌ རྩ༌ཁྲིམས༌ཅན༌གྱི༌དབང༌འཛིན༌ཡིག༌ ཚང༌སྦེ༌ གཞི༌བཙུགས༌འབད༌གནང༌སྟེ༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། ལྷག༌པར༌དུ༌ཁྲིམས༌དང༌འབྲེལ༌བའི༌ འགན་ཁུར༌འབག༌ནིའི༌དོན༌ལུ༌ སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༢༠༠༠ ཟླ༌ ༤ པའི༌ཚེས༌ ༡༤ ལུ༌ ཁྲིམས༌དོན༌ལས༌ཁུངས༌ཀྱི༌ཡིག༌ཚང༌གཞི༌བཙུགས༌འབད༌གནང༌མི༌དེ༌ སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༢༠༠༦ ཟླ༌ ༩ པའི༌ཚེས༌ ༢༤ ལུ༌ རྩོད༌དཔོན༌ཡོངས༌ཁྱབ༌ཡིག༌ཚང༌རང༌སྐྱོང༌སྦེ༌བཟོ༌སྟེ༌གནང༌ཡོདཔ༌ཨིན། (ཀུན༌བཟང༌ཆོས༌འཕེལ། རྣམ༌རྒྱལ༌ཕུན༌ཚོགས༌། ༢༠༠༩ ཤོགས༌གྲངས༌ ༥༧-༥༩) ནང༌བཀོད༌དེ༌འདུག།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་ མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཟེར་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཀ་ཆེན་བཞི་སྦེ་བཀོད་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་དགོཔ་དེ་ ག་ནི་བ་ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་ ཀ་ཆེན་གསུམ་པའི་ནང་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་སྦེ་ཚུད་དགོ་མི་དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཕྱིའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་ ག་དེམ་ཅིག་འགྱོ་རུང་ དེ་ནང་གནས་མི་འགྲོ་བ་ཚུ་གིས་ མནོ་བསམ་གཏང་ཐངས་དང་ བྱ་བ་སྤྱོད་ལམ་ཚུ་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཨིན། ཆོས་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ ལཱ་དང་བྱ་བ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ མནོ་བསམ་གཅིག་ཁར་བཏང་སྟེ་ ཆོས་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ལཱ་དང་བྱ་བ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;br&gt;

འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་སྐྱེ་སྟེ་ འབྲུགཔ་ཨིན་པའི་ངོ་རྟགས་ལུ་ ལཱ་དང་བྱ་བ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ ཐ་དམ་ཚིག་དང་ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས། ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ སེམས་ཁར་བཞག་སྟེ་ རང་དང་གཞན་ཟེར་དབྱེ་བ་མ་ཕྱེ་བར་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དུས་འགྱུར་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ད་རེས་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ནང་ལུ་ འབྲུག་པའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གིས་འབད་རུང་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོང་མ་ཚུ་གིས་ མཛད་བྱ་བཟང་པོ་མར་ཉམས་མ་བཅུག་པར་ ག་ཅི་དེ་སེམས་ལུ་སྤྲོ་སྣང་ཆེ་བའི་སྒོ་ལས་ བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་བྱ་བ་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་གྲུབ་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་དཔེ་མི་སྲིད་ནི་ཨིན། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ་དང་ རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ ༢༠༠༩ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༤༥) ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;

མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་བཞེད་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ འབྲུག་པའི་ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་གཉིས་ བདག་འཛིན་དང་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་ནི་དེ་ཨིན་མི་དེ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་པའི་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་གྱི་ ངོ་རྟགས་གཙོ་བོ་ དེ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་སྟོན་ནི་དེ་གིས་ཨིན། འབྲུག་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཚུ་དམིགས་བསལ་གྱིས་མ་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ཡང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་དང་ ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ འབྲུག་པའི་གྱོན་ཆས་གོ་དང་དཀྱི་ར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ནང་ ཁ་སྐད་མ་འདྲཝ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆུང་ཀུ་གཅིགཔོ་དེ་ སྟོབས་དང་མི་རློབས་ཀྱི་ཐད་ཁར་ གཞན་དང་དོ་འགྲན་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་མེད་རུང་ རང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་ ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཚུ་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ནི་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་འདྲོངས་གནས་ཐབས་ཀྱི་ ཁུངས་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ་མཆོག་གིས་ཡང་ ག་ཅི་དེ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་ཚུ་ཡང་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;br&gt;

དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཚོགས་ཐེངས་ ༣༨ པའི་ནང་ འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ངོ་རྟགས་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གྱོན་ཆས་གོ་དང་དཀྱི་ར་དེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གྱོན་ཆས་སྦེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༠ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༥༢ པའི་ནང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་ དེ་ཡང་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༤ ལུ་ བཟོ་རིག་ འཆམ་ འབྲུག་པའི་ཞབས་ཁྲ་ ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་མཛད་བྱ་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་གོམ་པ་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༤ པའི་ནང་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འཐུས་མི་སྦེ་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་ནུག། (Karma Phuntsho, 2013).&lt;br&gt;

དེ་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་མཛད་བྱ་ཁག་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་བདག་པོ་ རྗེ་མཁན་པོའི་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་ལྷན་ཚོགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ དུས་དང་ཕུ་ལས་བྱུང་པའི་ ཅ་རྙིང་ཚུ་བཞག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ འགྲེམ་སྟོན་ཁང་ཚུ་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་པའི་ཁྱིམ་ཀྱི་བཟོ་བཀོད་རིག་པ་ཚུ་དང་ གཞན་ཡང་ཟམ་པ་ མཐོང་གྲོལ་དང་ཐང་ཀ་ ངག་རྒྱུན་ལས་དར་བའི་ རྩོམ་རིག་ ཞབས་ཁྲ་ བཟོ་རིག་མ་འདྲཝ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ ལམ་སྲོལ་ག་ནི་བ་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ བདག་འཛིན་སྦེ་བཞག་ནིའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་ཚུ་ཡང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ སྔོན་བྱོན་གོང་མ་ཚུ་གིས་ བསྒྲུབས་བཞག་མི་རྫོང་ ལྷ་ཁང་ མཆོད་རྟེན་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་ ལས་འཆར་ཚུ་ཡང་ བརྩམས་གནང་པའི་གྲས་ལས་ སྤུང་ཐང་བདེ་ཆེན་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་དང་ སྤ་རོ་སྟག་ཚང་ལྷ་ཁང་གཉིས་ མེ་རྐྱེན་ཤོར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཉམས་བཅོས་ཡང་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། (Sonam Kinga, 2009, p143).&lt;br&gt;

འབྲུག་པའི་སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་བཟང་པོ་དེ་ལུ་ གནོད་རྐྱེན་འབྱུང་མི་བཅུག་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༥ ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༣༡ ལུ་ སྲོལ་འཛིན་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཡང་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་ཡོད་པའི་ ལྷ་ཁང་ རྫོང་གཞི་ཁག་དང་ གཞན་དང་གཞན་ཡང་ ལེ་ཤ་ར་གསརཔ་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་དེ་བཞག་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༩ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཡང་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྐད་ཡིག་རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྫོང་ཁའི་ཐོག་ དཔེ་དེབ་སྣ་ཚོགས་གསར་བརྩམས་འབད་དེ་ སྦྱོང་བརྡར་དང་རྫོང་ཁའི་གློག་རིག་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ཡང་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རྫོང་ཁག་ རྒེད་འོག་དང་ གཡུས་སྒོ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁའི་སྐད་ཡིག་ཤེས་ཡོན་ དར་ཁྱབ་སྦོམ་སྦེ་བཏང་ནུག། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ་དང་ རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ ༢༠༠༩ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༤༩) ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;

དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཆོས་གོས་དང་ལས་སྲོལ་ཚུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ ཡོད་མི་དེ་ཡང་ དུས་རབས་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ སངས་རྒྱས་གཉིས་པ་ ཨྱོན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ ལུང་བསྟན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བདག་པོ་རིམ་པར་བྱོན་ཏེ་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༥ པའི་ནང་ ཐུགས་རིག་མཁས་པའི་ གཏེར་སྟོན་པདྨ་གླིང་པ་མཆོག་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ཆོས་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༧ པའི་ནང་ བླ་མ་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ འབྲུག་པ་དཀར་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ཆོས་དེ་ བོད་གཞུང་དང་མ་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ ཆོ་གོའི་གདངས་དབྱངས་དང་རྔ་རོལ་ དེ་ལས་དུང་དང་རྒྱ་གླིང་གི་ལེའུ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་  ལག་ལེན་སོ་སོ་བརྩམས་གནང་པའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ལུ་ ཆོས་དང་རིག་གཞུང་ལས་བརྟེན་དར་བའི་ལམ་སློལ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་ ༢༠༡༠ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༣༦༤) ནང་བཀོད་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་དུས་ནམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ རང་དབང་གི་ཁུར་ཆ་འབག་སྡོད་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོངམ་ཚུ་གིས་ མཛད་བྱ་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་དང་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་དར་ཡོད་པའི་ འབྲུག་པའི་ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་དེ་ བཀོ་མ་བཞག་པར་ག་ཅི་དེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ བདག་འཛིན་དང་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཟེར་བའི་མིང་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲཝ་བཟོ་མི་གཙོ་བོ་དེ་ར་ འབྲུག་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོད་པའི་གུར་ འབྲུག་མི་ཟེར་སླབ་དགོ་མི་དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་ སྤྱོད་ལམ་བཟང་པོ་ ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས་དང་ཐ་དམ་ཚིག་ཟེར་བའི་ཚིག་གིས་ དོན་དག་རྟོགས་ཚུགས་པའི་ཁར་ དེ་ལུ་ཡིད་ཆེས་བསྐྱེད་ཤེས་ནི་དེ་གིས་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== བརྡ་དོན་དང་བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལམ་ལུགས། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་ག་ནི་བ་ཉམས་དགའ་ཏོག་ཏོ་དང་ སྐྱིད་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ སྐྱབས་གནས་དམ་པ་མི་དབང་རིམ་བྱོན་ཚུ་གི་བཀའ་དྲིན་དང་ སྤྱིར་དཀོན་མཆག་གསུམ་གྱི་ཐུགས་རྗེ་བྱིན་རླབས་ལས་བརྟེན་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་དར་གནམ་ལུ་ཕྱར་ཏེ་ རང་དབང་གི་ངོ་རྟགས་སྟོན་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་གནང་མི་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གི་ ཆོས་ལྡན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལུམ་ལུགས་དེ་ཡང་ འགྱུར་བའི་ལྟ་བ་གཅིག་སྦེ་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་སྦེ་འབྲུག་ལུ་ རིམ་ལུགས་དེ་བཟུམ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མི་དེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་ནི་དང་ བརྡ་དོན་སྤྲོད་ལེན་འབད་ནི་ དེ་ལས་དེང་སང་གི་རིམ་ལུགས་གཞན་དང་གཞན་ཡང་ གློག་རིག་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་དང་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་མི་དེ་གིས་ རང་སོའི་མཐའ་འཁོར་དང་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ཤེས་ཚུགས་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ ཕན་པ་སྦོམ་ར་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

མི་དབང་མཆོག་ཐུགས་རྒྱུད་ག་ནི་བ་མཁས་ནི་དེ་གིས་ སྟོབས་ཤུགས་ཅན་གྱི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ཚུད་ཡོད་མི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་རྩ་བ་ངོ་མ་གཅིག་ བརྡ་དོན་བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་གྱི་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ དགོས་མཁོ་ཆེཝ་ཨིནམ་མཁྱེན་ནི་དེ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༡ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་འདི་ འགོ་དང་པ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ ན་གཞོན་ཚོགས་སྡེ་སྦེ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Lily Wangchuk, 2017). དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཆེ་བའི་ཡུལ་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་གུར་ གནས་ཚུལ་དང་ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་ལས་རིམ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་སྲོལ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་བའི་རྟགས་ལུ་ གོམ་པ་གདོང་ཁར་སྤོ་བའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;

ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ གསེར་ཁྲི་གུར་ཕེབས་ཏེ་མི་ལོ་ ༢༥ འཁོར་བའི་དུས་སྟོན་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་བའི་སྐབས་སུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལུ་གསུང་བཤད་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ དུས་སྟོན་དེ་མི་དབང་མཆོག་ ཁྲི་ལོ་ ༢༥ འཁོར་བའི་དུས་སྟོན་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུཝ་མེན་པར་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་བའི་ དགའ་སྟོན་བརྩི་སྲུང་འབདཝ་ཨིན་ཟེར་ཡང་གསུངས་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་སྦེ་གསུངས་དགོ་མི་དེ་ཡང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁར་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ཉིནམ་གཅིག་ཡང་སྐུ་ངལ་མ་གནང་པར་ མི་སེར་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༨༠༠ ལས་ ཉུངམ་སྦེ་སྡོད་མི་ སྣུམ་འཁོར་ལམ་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༤༥༥༤.༧༣  དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་ཡར་སེང་འབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཉི་ཤུ་གེ་རའི་ནང་ ཁྱབ་ཚུགས་ནུག། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;br&gt;

དེ་མ་ཚད་མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་རྒྱང་མཐོང་དང་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་གྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ མི་རང་ར་སོ་སོ་ལུ་ ཕན་པ་དང་གནོད་པ་ཚུ་ ག་དེ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ནའི་སྐོར་ལས་ཡང་བཤད་དེ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱང་མཐོང་དང་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ དེ་ལས་ རང་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་ ཕན་པ་དང་གནོད་པའི་ གནས་ཚུལ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གིས་ དེ་ཚུ་དབྱེ་བ་ཕྱེ་སྟེ་འབད་དགོཔ་ ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་ཚུ་ཡང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་མི་རློབས་ཉུང་བའི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ འཛམ་གླིང་གཅིག་གྱུར་གྱི་དུས་ཚོད་ལུ་ མཐུན་ལམ་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་སྟེ་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་དང་ ལྟ་བཤལ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༣ ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ འབྲུག་མཁའ་འགྲུལ་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞན་ཡང་རླུང་འཕྲིན་ འགྲེམ་ ལྕགས་འཕྲིན་ བརྒྱུད་འཕྲིན་ འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་ གློག་རིག་ གློག་འཕྲིན་ འགྲུལ་འཁོར་གཏོང་ལེན་ ཀུན་གསལ་ སྒེར་གྱི་གསར་ཤོག་ ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ་དང་ རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། (༢༠༠༩)&lt;br&gt;

འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་ བརྡ་དོན་འཕྲུལ་རིག་དང་ བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་གྱི་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ མཐུན་རྐྱེན་བསམ་གྱིས་མ་ཁྱབ་སྦེ་ སྤྱོད་ནི་གི་གོ་སྐབས་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྫོང་ཁག་ ཁྲོམ་སྡེ་ རྒེད་འོག་ གཡུས་སྒོ་ཁག་ལས་ཕར་ མི་ཚུ་འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཆུ་བརྒལ་དགོ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་མེད་པར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ ཟམ་པ་ ༤༠ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ཚུན་གྱི་ ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ ཟམ་པ་ ༦༥༨ ལྷག་ཙམ་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་མཛད་དེ་ སྔོན་མ་བ་ལྷག་སྟེ་ཡར་སེང་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཁྱིམ་ཚང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཡང་ རྒྱ་འབྲུག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ ས་མཚམས་ཀྱི་ ཁྲོམ་སྡེ་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ རེ་ལིའི་ལམ་བཟོ་ནི་ཚུ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༥ ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༥ ལུ་ ཐུགས་ཐག་བཅད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་གཞུང་ལམ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་དང་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་དང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཚུན་གྱི་འཁོར་ལམ་དེ་ ཨེ་ཤི་ཡཱན་ གཞུང་ལམ་བཟོ་ནི་སྦེ་ གསུང་གྲོས་གནང་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ལུ་ ཁེ་ཕན་སྦོམ་བྱུང་ཚུགསཔ་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་དང་ རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩)&lt;br&gt;

མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ གསེར་ཁྲི་གུར་བྱོན་པའི་ཉིནམ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ དམིགས་ཡུལ་ངོ་མ་ར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ བརྡ་དོན་དང་བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོ་བཏོན་ཏེ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ དགོས་འདོད་ཆེ་བའི་དངོས་པོ་ཚུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ནགས་ཚལ་དང་གངས་རི་ཚུ་ག་ནི་བ་སྦོམ་ཡོད་པའི་ས་གོ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོད་རུང་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ཚུགས་པར་ག་ཅི་དེ་ལ་ཁག་ཨིན་རུང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་བཀའ་དྲིན་ལས་ རེ་བ་སྐྱེད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་ གྲུབ་ཚུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་སྣ་གི་ སོན་བཙུགས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ མི་ལོ་ ༡༠ དེ་ཅིག་གི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་སྣ་ཚོགས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་ ཀུན་གསལ་གསར་ཤོག་དང་ གཞན་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ཡང་ བཙུགས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། (Kinley Dorji, 1991, P3).&lt;br&gt;

སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༨ ལུ་ སྒེར་གྱི་གློག་བརྙན་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་ ཨེ་བཱི་ཚོང་སྡེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་གློག་བརྙན་མགར་ས་བླ་མའི་སེང་གེ་ཟེར་མི་ འགོ་ཐོག་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གློག་བརྙན་ཚོགས་པ་ཟེར་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཡོངས་གྲགས་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Phuntsho Rabten, n.d, P176). འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་རིམ་ལུགས་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༡ ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ འཁྲུངས་སྐར་དུས་སྟོན་དང་འབྲེལ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འགོ་ཐོག་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཕྲིན་ཚད་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡི། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་ཚོང་སྡེ་གིས་ཡང་ འགོ་དང་པ་སྒེར་གི་ བརྒྱུད་འཕྲིན་ལས་སྡེ་ཅིག་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་དང་མི་སེར་གཅིག་ཡོད་ཟེར་བའི་དགོངས་དོན། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ནང་པ་ཆོས་ལྡན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་རྒྱུད་འཛིན་པའི་བདག་པོ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ཐུགས་རྒྱུད་བཟང་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ ཧ་ཅང་གིས་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལྟ་བ་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་ར་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དགོས་མཁོ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ འགྱུར་བ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་མཛད་ཡོད་པའི་མཐའ་མར་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་རྒྱལཔོ་མཆོག་ལུ་ བློ་གཏད་དང་ཡིད་ཆེས་སྦོམ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་དབང་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ཡུན་མ་རིངམ་ཅིག་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ ལྷོ་མཚམས་པ་ཚུ་གཞིས་བཅག་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་སྲིད་དོན་དབང་ཆ་ཁས་ལེན་འབད་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག། རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྲིད་དོན་ཚོགས་པ་ (ཨིན་དྲིཡཱན་ནེཤ་ནཱལ་ཀཱན་གརསི་) གིས་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འཐོབ་ནིའི་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་པ་ (བྷུ་ཊཡན་ནེཤ་ནཱལ་ཀཱན་གརསི་) ཟེར་བཞག་སྟེ་ ངོ་ལོག་རྐྱབ་ནིའི་འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;br&gt;

ཨིན་རུང་བློ་འདོད་སྐྱེད་དོ་བཟུམ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ཐོབ་མ་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་ ངོ་རྒོལ་ལུས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་གིས་ ཤུལ་ལས་ངོ་ལོགཔ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཉེས་པ་ཡངས་ཆག་མཛད་གནང་སྟེ་ མངམ་ར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལོག་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༨ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་གིས་ ལྷོ་འཚམས་པ་ནང་སྐྱོད་འབད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ མི་ཁུངས་ཀྱི་ཐོབ་དབང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་ལུ་སྡོད་ཆོག་པའི་གནང་བ་ཡང་གྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་གཞུང་གིས་ འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་ལས་ ལྷོ་འཚམས་པ་ཚུ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གཙོ་གཞུང་གི་ གྲངས་སུ་བཙུགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལས་རིམ་སྣ་ཚོགས་བརྩམས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༨ མི་རྩིས་རྐྱབ་པའི་སྐབས་སུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཁྲིམས་འགལ་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ གསང་བའི་ཐོག་ལུ་འཛུལ་མི་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ར་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ ༡༠༢༠) ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་བྱ་བ་འཐོན་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་ལུ་ གནོདཔ་བཀལ་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་ ངོས་འཛིན་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྟོབས་ཆུང་བའི་ཁར་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་མ་ཚར་བའི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ནང་ ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་ལས་སྣ་མ་འདྲཝ་ བརྩམས་ཏེ་གདོང་ལེན་འབད་ནིའི་གྲ་སྒྲིག་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ ལ་ཁག་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སྔོན་མའི་དུས་ལུ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ གཅིག་མཐུན་དང་གཅིག་སྒྲིལ་ལུ་ བརྩོན་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ གནས་སྟངས་ཚུབ་དྲག་དེ་བཟུམ་ནང་ཡང་ གདོང་ལེན་འབད་ནི་ལུ་འཇམ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དེ་བཟུམ་གྱི་བྱ་བ་ངན་པ་ འབྱུང་མི་བཅུག་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་འབྲུག་གཞུང་གིས་ རྒེད་འོག་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཚོགས་ཆུང་ དང་རྫོང་ཁག་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཚུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༩ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ངོ་རྟགས་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ལུ་ ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་དང་དེ་ནང་གི་མི་སེར་གཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཚུ་ཡང་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Royal Education Council, 2020).&lt;br&gt;

དེའི་སྐབས་སུ་ལྷོ་མཚམས་པའི་མི་ངོ་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ཧྲིལ་བུ་འབད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ ངོས་ལེན་འབད་མ་བཏུབ་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ་ ངོ་ལོག་རྐྱབ་འོངམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༠ ཟླཝ་ ༩ པའི་ནང་ ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ དམག་འཁྲུག་ཡང་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དྲག་ཐོག་དབང་བཙོང་གི་བྱ་བ་སོགས་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ བཙན་ཁྲིད་འབད་ནི་ འཕྲོག་བཅོམ་འབད་ནི་དང་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ སྨན་ཁང་དང་གཞན་མི་འཛོམས་སའི་ས་གོ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ཡང་ དམར་གསད་རྐྱབ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་འབད་བ་ལས་བརྟེན་ རྒྱལ་སྒོ་བསྡམས་བཞག་དགོཔ་ཐོན་ནུག། སྒོ་མ་བསྡམས་པར་བཞག་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ གནོད་འཚུབ་རྐྱབ་ནི་དང་ མེདཔ་གཏང་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བྱ་བ་ངན་པ་ ལེ་ཤ་ར་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ཞི་བདེ་དང་བདེ་སྐྱིད་འབྱུང་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་བཀག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ དུས་ཉིན་ཚན་རྟག་ཏུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གཅིག་མཐུན་དང་ གཅིག་སྒྲིལ་བཟོ་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་དེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། ༢༠༠༩) ནང་ལུ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ་མི་ལོ་ ༡༣༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་ རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་སྦེ་གནས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དུས་ནམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ འབྲུག་མི་གེ་ར་གིས་ དཀའ་ངལ་དང་གདོང་ལེན་འབད་དགོཔ་ག་དེ་ཅིག་འབྱུང་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་འགན་ཁུར་འབག་ནི་དང་ སེམས་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་ནི་དེ་ ཁག་ཆེ་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་པའི་རྒྱལཔོ་ག་བྱོན་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་གནང་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ ག་ཅི་དེ་གཅེས་གཅེས་ཕངས་ཕངས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ནི་དེ་འབྲུག་མི་རེ་རེ་ལུ་ འགན་ཁུར་སྤྲོད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ གསུངས་མི་ནང་ དུས་ནམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གཉིས་ ལཱ་གཅིག་སྒྲིལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ངོ་ལོག་རྐྱབ་མི་ས་ཡ་ལྷགཔ་སྦེ་འོང་རུང་ གདོང་ལེན་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་ཡང་གསུངས་་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Sonam Kinga, 2009).&lt;br&gt;

མཇུག་ར་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ དུས་ཡུན་ཐུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་ དཀའ་ངལ་ཐོན་ཏེ་ར་འབད་རུང་ ཡུན་མ་རིངམ་ཅིག་ཁར་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་ནང་མི་ངོ་གཅིག་ཟེར་བའི་དགོངས་དོན་ལས་བརྟེན་ རང་དབང་གི་ཁུར་ཆ་འབག་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷོ་མཚམས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ངོ་ལོགཔ་ཐོན་ཏེ་ སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་ཐོན་ཡོད་རུང་ དུས་ཡུན་མ་རིང་པའི་གོང་ལས་ མི་སེར་གཅིག་མཐུན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ དཀའ་ངལ་ཚུ་བསལ་ཚུགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དུས་ནམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་གི་མི་སེར་འབདཝ་ལས་ མནོ་བསམ་གཅིག་ཁར་གཏང་ ལགཔ་གཅིག་ཁར་མཐུད་དེ་ ལཱ་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ འབད་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་ནང་གནས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཕྱོགས་སོ་སོ་སྦེ་དབྱེ་བ་ཕྱེ་ནི་དང་ ཁ་སྐད་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོད་པའི་ངོ་བོ་ལུ་ སོ་སོ་ཁ་འབྲལ་ནི་མེན་པར་ གཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་བསམ་པ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་དབང་ལུ་བརྩོན་དགོཔ་ག་ཅི་དེ་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ལོའི་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་སྟབས་མ་བདེ་བའི་རྐྱེན་བྱུང་ཡོད་རུང་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་མནོ་ཤེས་བསམ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ ཞབས་ཏོག་དང་འགན་ཁུར་འབག་ནི་དང་ ཁས་བླངས་འབད་ནི་དེ་གིས་ ཧེ་མ་ག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ར་ དགའ་དགའ་སྤྲོ་སྤྲོ་གི་ངང་ལུ་ དམག་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ རང་དབང་གི་ཐོག་ལུ་གནས་པའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཤར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Karma Phuntsho, 2013).&lt;/big&gt;

=== རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་བཙན་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ བྱམས་པ་དང་བརྩེ་བའི་ཐུགས་སྨོན་ལས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ཞི་བདེའི་དཔལ་ལུ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་དེ་ ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ རྣམ་རྟོག་མེད་པའི་རི་ལས་ དཔྱད་རིག་མེད་པའི་ཆརཔ་བཟུམ་ བསམ་པ་ལོག་ལྟ་སྐྱེད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༩ ལུ་ དཔྱད་རིག་རྣམ་རྟོག་མེད་པར་ ངོ་ལོག་ནིའི་འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ གྲ་སྒྲིག་འབད་མི་དེ་ཚུ་ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ ཉེས་ཁྲིམས་དགོངས་ཡངས་གནང་རུང་ བཀྲིན་དགའ་ཚོར་བསམ་ནི་ཕར་བཞག་ ཐ་ན་ཆུའི་ནང་མཛུབ་མོ་བཙུགས་པའི་ ཤུལ་ར་མེདཔ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ངོ་ལོག་གི་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༠ ཟླ་ ༩ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༩ ལས་ ངོ་ལོགཔ་ཚུ་གིས་ མི་སྡེ་ལུ་ མཁོ་ཆེ་བའི་གཞི་རྟེན་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ སྨན་ཁང་ ལམ་དང་ ཟམ་ཚུ་མེ་སྤར་ བཅག་དཀྲུམ་དང་ བརྡལ་ཤུབས་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཉེས་པ་ག་ཅི་ཡང་མེད་པའི་ མི་སེར་མཉམ་ཆུང་ཚུ་ དམར་བསད་དང་འཕྲོག༌བཅོམ༌འབད་བའི་གུར་ ཕ༌མའི༌གདོང༌ཁར༌བུམོ་ཚུ༌ལུ༌ དབང༌བཙོང༌འདོད༌སྤྱོད༌ཚུ་འབད་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ ལྷ༌ཁང༌དང༌སྐུ༌གསུང༌ཐུགས༌རྟེན༌ མང༌རབས༌ཅིག༌མེདཔ་བཏང་ ལ་སོགས་པའི་བྱ་བ་ངན་པ་ལེ་ཤ་འབད་ནུག། (Royal Education Council, 2020)&lt;br&gt;

སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༡༩༩༡ ལུ༌ རྒྱལ༌ཡོངས༌ཚོགས༌འདུ༌ཐེངས༌ ༧༠ པའི༌ནང༌ མི༌སེར༌འཐུས༌མི་ཚུ༌གིས༌ གཞུང་རྩ༌བ༌གསུམ༌ལུ༌ ངོ༌ལོག༌མི་ཚུ༌ ཉེས༌ཁྲིམས༌སྲོག་ཐོག་ལུ་བཀལ་ནི་དང༌ ཚེ༌བཙོན༌ནང་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ ཡངས༌ཆ་མེད་པར་དྲག༌པོའི༌སྒོ༌ལས༌ གོ༌མཚོན༌ལག༌ལེན༌ འཐབ༌དགོཔ༌སྦེ༌ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ ངོ༌ལོག༌པའི༌བྱེལཝ༌དེ༌ དྲག༌པོའི༌སྒོ༌ལས༌ མེན༌པར༌ ཞི༌བའི༌ཐོག༌ལས༌འཇོམ༌ཐབས༌ སྒྲིག༌མ༌ཚུགས༌པ༌ཅིན༌ རྒྱལཔོ༌གསེར༌ཁྲི༌གུ་ལས༌ དགོངས༌ཞུ༌མཛད༌ནི༌ཨིན༌པའི༌ ཁས༌བླངས༌ཡང་མཛད༌གནང༌ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༢ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༧༡ པའི་ནང་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་ བཅའ་ཁྲིམས་གསརཔ་ཆ་འཇོག་མཛད་དེ་ ཚེ་བཙོན་ཕོག་མི་ཚུ་ ཉེས་ཁྲིམས་དགོངས་ཡངས་གནང་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཁྲེལ་དང་ངོ་ཚ་མེད་པར་ རྟ་གསོ་བའི་དྲིན་ལན་རྡོག་ཐལ་དང་། བཟང་ལན་ངན་དང་ཆང་ལན་ཆུ་བྱིན་ཏེ་ དཔྱེ་ངན་སྟོན་མིའི་ ངོ་ལོགཔ་གི་དཀའ་ངལ་ཚུ་ཡང་བསལ་ཏེ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་ ༢༠༡༠)&lt;br&gt;

སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། (༢༠༠༩) ལྟར་དུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་ལུ་ ངོ་རྒོལ་འབད་མི་ཨུལ་ཕཱ། བཱོ་དོ། ཀེ་ཨེལ་ཨོ། གཡིབ་དམག་སྡེ་ཚན་ ༣ གྱིས་ འབྲུག་པའི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ གནང་བ་མེད་པར་ དབང་བཙོང་གི་ཐོག་ལུ་འཛུལ་ཏེ་ སྡོད་སྒར་བཅགས་སྡོད་རུང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ མ་འོངས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ ཞི་བདེ་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ གཡིབ་དམག་ཚུ་ལུ་ བཟོད་པ་དང་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཚད་མེདཔ་བསྒོམས་ཏེ་ མིའི་ཚེ་སྲོག་ལུ་བར་ཆད་མི་རྐྱབ་ནི་དང་ རྒྱ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མཐུན་ལམ་ ཡུན་བརྟན་བཞག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། གཡིབ་དམག་དེ་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལས་མེདཔ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༧༦ པ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ ༨༡ པ་ཚུན་ མི་ལོ་ ༦ གི་རིང་ གཡིབ་དམག་གི་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གསུང་གྲོས་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་གནང་རུང་ གྲུབ་འབྲས་ལེགས་ཤོམ་བྱུང་མ་ཚུགས་པས། &lt;br&gt;

ངོ་རྒོལ་སྡེ་ཚན་ ༣ གྱིས་ འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་ཨིན་པའི་མནོ་བསམ་མེད་པར་ ཨ་རྟག་ར་བྱ་སྤྱོད་ངན་པའི་དམག་གི་སྦྱང་བ་འབད་ནི་དང་ གཞན་བྱ་བ་ངན་པ་མཚམས་ཚོད་མེད་པར་ འཕྲོ་མཐུད་དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་  ཉེན་ཁ་ཅན་གྱི་ས་གནས་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ཞབས་ཀྱི་བཅར་གནང་། གཡིབ་དམག་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་ཞལ་ལས་ འབྲུག་དང་ཨ་སམ་ནུབ་བེང་གཱོལ་གྱི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་ད་རེས་ཚུན་ཚོད་ མི་རབས་བརྒྱུད་དེ་མཐུན་ལམ་ཅན་དང་ ཁྱིམ་ཚང་ཐག་ཉེ་ཤོས་ཨིན་ནི་དེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་པའི་དམག་མི་དང་གཡིབ་དམག་སྡེ་ཚན་ ༣ གྱི་བར་ན་ གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་ ངལ་མ་རངམ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེདཔ་ལས་ དྲག་པོའི་ཐོག་ལས་དམག་རྐྱབ་ནི་མེན་པར་ ཞི་བའི་ཐོག་ལས་ འབྲུག་པའི་ས་ཁོངས་ནང་ལས་སྡོད་སྒར་ཚུ་ སྤོ་བཤུད་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྒུད་འཐུས་གནང་ནི་གི་ཞལ་གྱིས་་ཡང་བཞེས་ནུག། གཡིབ་དམག་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡང་ དགྲ་བྱང་ཕྱད་སྦེ་མེན་པར་ ཕམ་དང་བུ་གཞིའི་འདུ་ཤེས་དང་བརྩེ་གདུང་གནང་སྟེ་ ཐུགས་བསྐྱེད་བཟང་པོའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་ ག་དེམ་ཅིག་གནང་རུང་ གཡིབ་དམག་ཚུ་གི་རྣ་བར་ རྡོ་གུར་ཆུ་བླུགས་བླུགསཔ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཉན་ཁུག་ར་བཏབ་མ་བཏུབ་པས། &lt;br&gt;

སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། (༢༠༠༩) དང་ཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ གཡིབ་དམག་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་གི་ཧོངས་ལས་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་དང་རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མཐུན་ལམ་དེ་ མི་ལོ་ ༥༠ ལྷག་ཙམ་དང་ ཨ་སམ་ ནུབ་བེང་གཱོལ་མངའ་སྡེ་གཉིས་དང་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་གྱི་བར་ན་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་མཐུན་ལམ་དེ་ མི་ལོ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་ལས་ལྷག་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་གཉིས་ ག་དྲག་ག་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ཐུགས་ཐག་བཅད་གནང་མི་དེ་ལུ་ མ་འཐུསཔ་མེད་པའི་གཏམ་གྱི་མཐའ་ཚིག་ཞུ་སྟེ་ ཚར་གཅིག་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལས་ ཕྱི་ཁར་ཐོན་ཏེ་འགྱོ་རུང་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་འབྲུག་གི་ས་ཁོངས་ནང་ལུ་ རང་འཇགས་འཛུལ་ནི་ཨིན་པའི་ བཙན་ཚིག་ཡང་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;

མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་དབང་དང་ མི་སེར་གྱི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ཟླ་ ༧ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༤ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཆེན་མོ་ཐེངས་ ༨༡ གི་ནང་ ཚོགས་ཁང་སྒོ་བསྡམས་ཏེ་ གསང་བའི་གསུང་གྲོས་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཚོགས་འདུ་ཆེན་མོ་གིས་ དྲག་དམག་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དགོཔ་སྦེ་གྲོས་ཆོད་གནང་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་གཞུང་ཚོགས་ལས་ དྲག་དམག་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཆོགཔ་སྦེ་གྲོས་ཆོད་ཕུལ་ནུག། གཡིབ་དམག་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ བྱ་ཐབས་མེད་པར་གདོང་ལེན་འབད་དགོཔ་ཐོནམ་ལས་ ཐུགས་ཕམ་སྦོམ་ཡོད་པའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་ཚུ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་ཡོངས་ལུ་གནང་ནུག། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ ཉིན་ནུབ་མེད་པར་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་བའི་དུས་ཚོད་དེ་ཁར་ ཆོས་ཕྱོགས་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་གྱི་གཙོས་པའི་ ཚེ་སྔོན་ལས་ཀྱིས་བཀོད་པའི་ རྒྱལ་བཙུན་སྐུ་འཁོར་ལྷན་རྒྱས་དང་ དད་དམ་ཅན་གྱི་མི་སེར་ག་ར་ འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་སྐྱབས་མགོན་ སྤྱི་གཙུག་སྦུག་གི་ཉི་ཟླ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་ཚེ་ལུ་ བར་རྐྱེན་མི་འབྱུང་ག་མནོ་བའི་ཚ་གྱང་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཕོག་ནུག།  &lt;br&gt;
                          
ཨིན་རུང་མི་དབང་མཆོག་ལུ་ ག་དེ་ཅིག་ཞུ་རུང་གསན་མ་བཏུབ་པར་ མི་དབང་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་རྒྱལ་སྲས་ དྲགོས་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ མི་སེར་གྱི་མཐའ་དོན་དང་ སྐྱིད་སྡུག་གཟིགས་མིའི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་སྦེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བཞག་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ཟླ་ ༡༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ སྤུངས་ཐང་བདེ་ཆེན་ཕོ་བྲང་མ་ཆེན་ལྷ་ཁང་ གཏེར་སྟོན་པདྨ་གླིང་པ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ སྲས་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྡོ་རྗེ་ ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་གི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་གནོད་འཚུབས་ཡོད་མེད་ཀྱི་བརྟག་པ་ཞུཝ་ད་ གནོད་འཚུབས་མེད་པའི་ཐུགས་བརྟག་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མགོན་ཁང་ཆེན་པོའི་ནང་ལུ་ དཔལ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་མགོན་པོ་ ལས་མགོན་བྱ་རོག་གདོང་ཅན་ དཔལ་ལྡན་དུད་སོལ་ལྷ་མོ་ བཀའ་སྲུང་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་མའི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལས་ བཟང་ངན་གྱི་བརྟག་པའི་དོན་ལུ་ཤོ་ཞུ་རུང་ ཉེན་ཁ་མེདཔ་སྦེ་གནངམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༣ གྱི་དྲོ་པ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་འཛོམས་ཐང་ཁ་ལུ་ མ་ནི་དང་དུང་སྒྲུབ་གནང་སའི་ མཆོད་ཁང་ནང་དཀར་མེ་ཕུལ་ ཐུགས་སྨོན་གནང་སྟེ་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་པོའི་སྲས་དྲགོས་ འཇིགས་རྒྱལ་ ཨྱོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་མི་དབང་མཆོག་ དགེ་ལེགས་ཕུ་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

བཤད་སྲོལ་ལྟར་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཆོས་སྐྱོང་སྲུང་མ་གིས་སྡོང་གྲོགས་མཛད་པའི་ཁར་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་ཡང་ག་ནི་བ་ཤེས་རབ་ཅན་གྱི་ གང་ཟག་ཁྱད་དུ་འཕགས་པ་ཅིག་དང་ དམག་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་སྙིང་སྟོབས་ཅན་དང་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་རྣམས་ ཁ་རྗེ་བཟངམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ གཡིབ་དམག་ཚུ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་རྒྱལ་ལོ་ཟེར་ ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་འབྲུག་རིས་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་དར་ འགྱུར་བ་མེད་པར་ནམ་མཁའི་དབྱིངས་ལུ་འཕྱར་ཏེ་ སྨན་ལྗོངས་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྔར་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་ རང་བཙན་བདེ་སྲུང་གི་གཞི་འགྱམ་ སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་སྦེ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་གནང་བའི་ཉིནམ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ཟླ་ ༡༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ དེ་ འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་མི་རབས་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ དུས་ནམ་ཡང་སེམས་ཁ་ལས་མ་བརྗེད་པར་ རང་གི་སྲོག་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་བཀྲིན་རྗེས་སུ་དྲན་དགོཔ་ཨིན། 
&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། (༢༠༠༩) འབྲུག་གི་ནོར་བུ། རྡོར་གླིང་གྲོས་ཚོགས།
# ཀུན་གསལ་ལས་འཛིན། (༢༠༡༡) རྒྱལ་རབས་བཞི་པའི་མཛད་རྣམ། རྫོང་ཁའི་སྙན་ཚིག་བློ་ཟེ་ནང་། ཀུན་གསལ་ལས་འཛིན།
# དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ། (༢༠༢༠) འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་བཞི་པ་ མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་རྟོགས་བརྗོད་བཞུགས་སོ། ཐིམ་ཕུག། དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ།
# Phuntsho, k. (2013). History of Bhutan, Random House Publishers India Private Limited.
# Kinga, S. (2009). Polity of Kingship and Democracy, Ministry of Education, Royal Government of Bhutan.
# Phuntsho Rabten, (n.d), Mass Media: Its Consumption and Impact on Residents of Thimphu and Rural Areas. Thimphu, Center for Bhutan Studies.
# Wangchuk, L. (2017). Facts about Bhutan the Land of Thunder Dragon. KMT Publishers. 
# Rabten, P. (n.d). Mass Media: Its Consumption and Impact on Residents of Thimphu and Rural Areas. Thimphu, Center for Bhutan Studies.
# Royal Education Council, (2020). History of Bhutan; course book for class X, Royal Government of Bhutan, Paro.</text>
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      <text bytes="178049" xml:space="preserve">=== རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་བཅུད་དོན། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉	ཧེ་མ་དུས་རབས་ ༡༧ པའི་ནང་  དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ རྒྱུ་རྐྱེན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལས་ ཆིབས་ཁ་ལྷོ་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་ ལྷོ་མོན་ཁ་བཞིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ཚུར་ ལྷོ་ཁྲིམས་མེད་སར་ཁྲིམས་དང་ ར་ལུང་མེད་སར་ལུང་བཏགས་ གནང་སྟེ་ ལྷོ་མོན་པའི་ཡུལ་འདི་ནང་ ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ལྡན་གྱི་གཞུང་ལུགས་དབུ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༢༩ ལུ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་རྩ་བ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མི་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་བརྩམས་གནང་ནུག། བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་འདི་ནང་ གཞུང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ མི་སེར་ལུ་བདེ་སྐྱིད་བྱིན་མ་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་གཞུང་གནས་ཏེ་དགོས་པ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་ཟེར་ གསལ་རི་རི་སྦེ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བདེ་སྐྱིད་དང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཟེར་བའི་དགོངས་དོན་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ལས་ཚུར་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ དབང་ཕྱུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་རིང་ལུགས་དབུ་བརྙེས་ཏེ་མི་སེར་ག་ར་ གངས་བར་ནང་གི་ཆུ་འཐུང་། སྤྲིན་བར་ནང་གི་ཉིམ་བསྲོ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནི་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྔར་བ་ལྷག་པའི་བདེ་སྐྱིད་བྱུང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

དེ་མ་ཚད་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་  ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་དུས་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་འགོ་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ལཱ་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་བཟང་པོ་ ཆོས་དང་རིག་གཞུང་ མཛེས་ཉམས་ལྡན་པའི་རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ཉམས་ནི་ལུ་ མ་འོངས་མངོན་པར་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ ཐུགས་ཀྱི་ཚ་གྱང་སྦོམ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཟེར་བའི་དགོངས་དོན་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་གཞི་རྩ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་སྦེ་བརྩམས་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ད་རེས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་གི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་རྩ་ལས་འདྲ་སར་མེད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྩ་ཡང་ན་ལྟ་བ་དང་བསྟུན་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་འགྱོ་ ནི་ཨིན་མི་འདི་གིས་  འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གཏམ་སྙན་འདི་་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཡོངས་ལུ་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབད་ནི་འདིགིས་ འོག་ལས་མར་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་བརྩམ་དགོ་པའི་ཁུངས། དེའི་དམིགས་དོན་དང་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་བཅུད་བསྡུ་སྟེ་ཞུ་ནི་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;

དང་པ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ བརྩམ་དགོ་པའི་ཁུངས་ཡང་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་རབས་བཞི་པ་ མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་རྟོགས་བརྗོད་ནང་ལུ་བཀོད་དོ་བཟུམ་འབད་ བ་ཅིན་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སོ་སོའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་གཟིགས་པའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ དམིགས་ཡུལ་གྲུབ་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ མནོ་བའི་ས་ཁར་ལྷོད་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་དང་ ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ནང་ དབུལ་ཕོངས་ཀྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་ངལ་མ་རངས་པར་དོ་འགྲན་འབད་དེཕྲག་དོག་བསྐྱེད་ནི། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ནང་ རྒྱུ་དངོས་དང་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་འབོར་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོད་རུང་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་བདེ་སྐྱིད་བྱིན་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ ཁག་ཆེ་ཤོས་འདི་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་བདེ་སྐྱིད་བྱིན་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས་ཟེར་ཐུགས་བསམ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བྱུས་བརྩམས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

གཉིས་པ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་གཞི་རྩ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཟེར་བའི་དགོངས་དོན་འདི་གི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ དུས་རབས་ ༢༡ པའི་དུས་ འཛམ་གླིང་གཅིག་འགྱུར་གྱི་འགྱུར་བ་འགྱོ་བའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཕྱིའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་འགྱུར་བ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ལུ་ གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ནི་མེན་པར་ འགྱུར་བ་དེ་གིས་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ ནང་སེམས་ཀྱི་ཞི་བདེ་དང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཡང་ མཐོ་དམའ་མེད་པར་ཚད་མཉམ་སྦེ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་དགོ་པའི་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེད་དེ་བརྩམས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དམིགས་གཏད་འདི་འགྲུབ་ཐབས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཁང་བཟང་དགུང་ལུ་བཏེགས་པའི་ཀཝ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ལུ་དཔེ་སྦྱར་ཏེ་ ཀ་ཆེན་བཞི་དང་ ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ཡང་ན་འཁོར་ལོ་རྣམ་དགུདབྱེ་བའི་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱས་པར་བཤད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཀ་ཆེན་ཚུ་ཡང་  འདྲ་མཉམ་དང་ཡུན་བརྟན་ཅན་གྱི་མི་སྡེའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ། རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ། ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ།  གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་དང་བཅས་བཞི་ཨིན། ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ཡང་ན་འཁོར་ལོ་རྣམ་དགུཔོ་འདི།
# སེམས་ཁམས་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། 
# འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། 
# དུས་ཚོད་ལག་ལེན་ཚད་སྙོམས་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། 
# ཤེས་རིག་ཀུན་ཚང་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། 
# སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་བཟང་པོ་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། 
# གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། 
# མི་སྡེ་འཐབ་རྩོད་དང་བྲལ་ཞིང་མཐུན་སྒྲིག་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་བའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། 
# འབྱུང་བ་ཁམས་གཙང་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། 
# འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་དབྱེ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ འཁོར་ལོ་རྣམ་དགུའི་དོན་ཚན་རེ་རེ་ལུ་ བརྡ་མཚོན་མ་འདྲཝ་བཀོད་པའི་ཐོག་ལས་ མི་སེར་ལུ་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ཞི་བདེ་འབྱུང་ཚུགས་མ་ཚུགས་ དབྱེ་ཞིབ་འབད་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལམ་འགྲིགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

གསུམ་པ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ ལས་རིམ་དང་ལག་ལེན་དེ་ཡང་ སྲིད་བྱུས་འད་ཟབ་པ་དང་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་པོའི་གཞན་ཕན་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་ཐུགས་རྒྱུད་ལས་འཁྲུངས་པའི་གཞི་རྩ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ སྲིད་བྱུས་འདི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ ལག་ལེན་དངོས་སུ་འཐབ་པའི་སྐབས་ བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་དང་དར་ཁྱབ་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་འོང་དགོ་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཧེ་མ་ འཆར་གཞི་ལྷན་ཁག་ཟེར་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ལྷན་ཚོགས་སྦེ་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་གནང་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་འཆར་གཞི་ག་ཅི་ར་བརྩམས་རུང་ གོང་ལུ་བཀོད་པའི་ གམིགས་དོན་ཚུ་ལས་མ་འགལ་བར་བརྩམ་དགོཔ་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ ལག་ལེན་དངོས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ གོང་གསལ་དམིགས་དོན་ལྟར་དུ་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དེའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལྷན་ཁག་དང་ལས་ཁུངས། རྫོང་ཁག་དང་རྒེད་འོག་ཚུ་ནང་ དམིགས་བསལ་གྱིསྐུ་ཚབ་དང་ཚོགས་སྡེ། དེ་ལས་ མི་ངོམ་ཚུ་བཙུགས་པའི་ཐོག་ལས་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོད་ཟེར་ཀི་དེབ་འདི་ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག། &lt;br&gt;

མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བྱུས་འདི་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་ཞི་བདེ་དང་བདེ་སྐྱིད་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལམ་དང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཨིན་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ མི་རང་ར་སོ་སོའི་བསམ་ཞིབ་དང་དགོས་དོན་ལྟར་དུ་ བཤད་པ་རྐྱབ་ཐངས་ལྷམ་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་རུང་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་མཆོག་གིས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བརྩི་མཐོང་དང་ལྡན་པའི་གོང་འཕེལ་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཀ་ཆེན་དང་པ། འདྲ་མཉམ་དང་ཡུན་བརྟན་ཅན་གྱི་མི་སྡེའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉	སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་རྣམ་སྤྲུལ་ དཔལ་མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་ རྒྱལ་རབས་བཞི་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་གུར་ཕེབས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་སྔར་ལས་ལྷགཔ་སྦེ་ཤར་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་  གཅེས་ཤིང་ཕངས་པའི་ཁོ་རའི་སྐུ་སྲོག་ལས་ལྷག་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཐུགས་ཀྱི་བྱམས་པ་དངབརྩེ་བ་ སྙིང་རྗེ་ཚད་མེད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཆོས་བཞིན་དུ་བསྐྱངས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་གསེར་ཁྲིའི་རྩ་བ་ལས་ དུས་ནམ་ཡང་བརྗེད་པར་ཕངས་པའི་ ནོར་བུ་དགོས་འདོད་སྤུངས་འཇོམས་དང་འདྲ་བའི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྩའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་བཟང་པོ་དང་ རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཅན་གྱི་དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་གཉིས་ འབྲུག་པའི་་མི་སེར་ཡོངས་ལུ་ གསོལ་རས་སྦེ་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་གིས་ མཚན་གྱི་སྙན་གྲགས་འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པར་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་་གཉིས་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་འདི་ དེང་སང་འཛམ་གླིང་གཅིག་འགྱུར་དང་བསྟུན་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་གོམ་པ་མདུན་དུ་སྤོ་བའི་དུས་ལུ་ ཕྱིའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་ ནང་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་སེམས་ཀྱི་ཞི་བདེ་གཉིས་ མཐོ་དམའ་མེད་པརཚད་མཉམ་སྦེ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་དགོ་པའི་གཞི་རྩའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། སྲིད་བྱུས་འདི་ ལག་ལེན་དངོས་གཞིའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་བཏུབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཀ་ཆེན་བཞི་ལུ་དབྱེ་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ འོག་ལས་མར་ ཀ་ཆེན་དང་པའི་ སྲིད་བྱུས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་ཚུ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ ཀ་ཆེན་དང་པ་འདི་ འདྲ་མཉམ་དང་ཡུན་བརྟན་ཅན་གྱི་མི་སྡེའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་  རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་གཞུང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ རྩ་བ་གསུམ་གྱི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་ སྦེ་གཏང་མ་ཚུགས་པར་མི་སེར་ཚུ་དབུལ་ཕོངས་ཀྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་ཕོག་སྟེ་ལུས་པ་ཅིན་  རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བ་འགྲུབ་ནིའི་ལམ་བཀགཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་གཞི་རྟེན་གྱི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ དཔེར་ན་ གསོ་བ་དང་ཤེས་རིག། སྡོད་ཁྱིམ། བཞེས་སྒོ་དང་བཀབ་གོ་ལ། གཙང་སྦྲ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་འཐུང་ཆུ། ཞིང་ཆུ་དང་འཁོར་ལམ། བརྡ་དོན་བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་དང་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ལ་སོགས་པའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ཚངམ་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ག་ར་གིས་འདྲ་མཉམ་སྦེ་སྤྱོད་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་བཟོ་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ལུ་རེ་མ་དགོཔ་ལས་ རང་མགོ་རང་འདྲོང་གི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་ཡང་འགྲུབ་ཚུགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཐོབ་ཚུགས་ཟེར་ ཞི་གཡོགཔ་བགྲེསཔ་ བླམ་སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ་དང་སྤྱི་མི་བགྲེསཔ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་འབད་དེ་ཡོད་པའི་ ཀི་དེབ་འབྲུག་གི་ནོར་བུ་ཟེར་མིའི་ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;

རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ ཀ་ཆེན་གཉིས་པ་དེ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་གཏང་ནི་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་་འཕྲལ་ཕུགས་གཉིས་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཚུགསཔ་སྦེ་དགོ་པའི་གམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམས་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་ དེ་གིས་འཕྲལ་གྱི་མཐའ་དོན་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་གི་དོན་ལུ་མེན་པར་ མ་འོངས་ཡུན་བརྟན་ཅན་ཅིག་སྦེ་གནས་ཐབས་འགྲིགཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་འཆར་གཞི་དེ་་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ཐདམ་ཐད་ཁ་ལས་ཕར་ ཁྱབ་ཚུགས་པའི་འདྲ་མཉམ་ཅན་གྱི་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྩ་འདི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གོང་འཕེལ་འཆར་གཞིའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན་དགོ་པའི་ཁུངས་ཡང་དེ་་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

རྒྱུ་མཚན་དེ་་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ གསོ་བའི་གཞི་རྟེན་སྨན་ཁང་ ཆེ་འབྲིང་ཆུང་གསུམ་བསྡོམས་ ༤༠ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ཚུན་གྱི་བར་ན་ ༧༡༥ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་ ཡར་སེང་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གསོ་བའི་སྤུས་ཚད་ཡང་ལེགས་བཅོས་གནང་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ག་ར་གིས་ ཞབས་ཏོག་འདི་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ སྤྱོད་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ སྤྱིར་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ རིན་ཐང་མེད་པའི་མེད་ཐབས་མེད་པའི་རྒྱུ་ནོར་གྱི་བདོག་གཏད་ཅིག་ ཤེས་རིག་ཡོན་ཏན་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཀ་ཆེན་དང་པའི་དགོངས་དོན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆེ་ཆུང་བསྡོམས་ ༩༨ ཡོད་མི་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ཚུན་གྱི་བར་ན་ སློབ་གྲྭ་བསྡོམས་ ༥༡༩ ལྷག་ཙམ་ཅིག་ལུ་ཡར་སེང་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།  དེ་ཡང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མ་འོངས་པའི་རྒྱུ་ནོར་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ ན་གཞོན་ཆ་ཁྱབ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མ་འོངས་པ་ལུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་ག་ར་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་རག་ལས་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཤེས་རིག་གི་སྤུས་ཚད་ ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་ལེགས་བཅོས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་དང་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་དགོངས་དོན་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ དབུལ་ཕོངས་ཀྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་སེལ་ཐབས་ལུ་ རང་བཞིན་སླར་འབྱུང་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་བཏང་གནང་སྟེ་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་སྤྱོད་ཆོག་པའི་གནང་བ་གནངམ་མ་ཚད་ ས་གཏེར་དང་ ནུས་ཤུགས་དང་ཡུན་བརྟན་ཅན་གྱི་ཆུ་ལས་་བརྟེན་པའི་གློག་མེའི་ལཱ་ཚུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་སྟེ་ འཕྲལ་ཕུགས་གཉིས་ལུ་ཕན་རྒྱ་ཆེ་བའི་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་གཞི་རྟེན་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་སྦེ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ འོང་འབབ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ ཆུ་ལུ་བརྟེན་པའི་གློག་མེ་འདི་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་སྒེར་སྡེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ མ་འོངས་པ་ལུ་ལཱ་གཡོག་གི་གོ་སྐབས་མེད་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་སེལ་ཐབས་ལུ་ གཞུང་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་མཉམ་རུབ་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཚོང་སྡེ་དང་བཟོ་གྲྭ་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་ཚུ་ ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་གནང་མི་དང་ བརྡ་དོན་དང་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ཡང་ གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་མི་འདི་གིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་ཚུ་ནང་ བལྟ་བའི་མིག་ཏོ་དང་ ཆུ་བརྒལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལས་མེད་ཐབས་མེད་པའི་ཟམ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ དེ་ཚུ་གིས་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བྱུས་བརྩམས་གནང་སྟེ་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་གནང་མི་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན། སྲིད་བྱུས་དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ གཞུང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣའི་འཆར་གཞི་ཆེ་ཆུང་ ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ཅིག་རབརྩམས་རུང་ འཆར་གཞི་འདི་འཕྲལ་ཕུགས་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་འཆར་གཞི་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་དགོ་པའི་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཁག་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ནང་ འདྲ་མཉམ་སྦེ་འོང་དགོ་པའི་ཁར་ ངེས་པར་མཁོ་བའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་སྤྲོད་དེ་ དབུལ་ཕོངས་ཀྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་སེལ་ཐབས་འགྲིག་ནི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཀ་ཆེན་དང་པའི་དགོངས་དོན་ཨིན་ནོ།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཀ་ཆེན་གཉིས་པ་རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཀ་ཆེན་གཉིས་པ་འདི་ རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ དེང་སང་དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་འབདཝ་ད་ ག་ནི་བ་མཛེས་ཉམས་དང་ལྡན་པའི་རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་ གནོད་པ་ག་དེ་ཉུང་ཉུང་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ ལཱ་འབད་དགོ་པའི་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ འབྲུག་གི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོའི་རྩ་ཚན་ལྔ་པའི་དོན་ཚན་གསུམ་པ་ནང་ལུ་ “གཞུང་གིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་བཞིན་ཐོན་ཁུངས་ཚུ་གི་སྲུང་འཛིན་དང་ སྣོད་བཅུད་ཀྱི་གནས་ལུགས་དེ་ལུ་ཉམས་ཆག་ཚུ་ སྔོན་འགོག་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་ས་ཆའི་ཁྱོན་བསྡོམས་ལས་ཉུང་ཤོས་ བརྒྱ་དཔྱ་དྲུག་ཅུ་ཐམ་པ་དུས་དང་རྣམ་པ་ཀུན་ཏུ་ ནགས་ཚལ་གྱི་ཁྱབ་བརྡལ་འོག་ལུ་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ངེས་གཏན་འཐབ་དགོ་ཟེར་”བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་ག་དེ་ཅིག་འགྱོ་སྟེ་འབད་རུང་ རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་ཉམས་སོ་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱུ་ནོར་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་འདི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ གྱོང་རྒུད་སྦོམ་ཕོག་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་འབད་ནིའི་འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམ་པའི་སྐབས་ ནགས་ཚལ་ལུ་གནོད་པ་ག་དེ་ཉུང་ཉུང་འོང་དགོ་པའི་ཐབས་ལམ་བསྒྲིག་དགོཔ་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ མི་སེར་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་གིས་ གཅིག་མཐུན་དང་གཅིག་སྒྲིལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ འབྱུང་བ་བཞི་ལུ་བཙོག་པ་ཞུགས་མ་བཅུག་པར་ ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་འགན་ཁག་འབག་སྟེ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་འཐོབ་ཚུགས་ཟེར་ བླམ་སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ་དང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ཀི་དེབ་འབྲུག་གི་ནོར་བུ་ཟེར་མིའི་ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;

རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཟེར་བའི་སྐབས་ རི་དང་ནགས་ཚལ། ཆུ་དང་བྲག་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ལུ་གོ་ནི་མེན་པར་ ཕྱིའི་སྣོད་ཀྱི་འཇིག་རྟེན་དང་ ནང་བཅུད་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཅན་ དཔེར་ན་ སྲོག་ཆགས་དང་འདབ་ཆགས་ཀྱི་རིགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་གོ་ནི་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཚུ་ག་ར་གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲེལ་བ་སྦོམ་ཡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ གཅིག་མེད་པ་ཅིན་གཅིག་ལུ་གནོད་པ་འབྱུང་ནི་ཨིན་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་རྟོགས་བརྗོད་ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༧༧ ནང་ལུ་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཉེན་སྲུང་མཛད་ནི་ལུ་ གཅེས་སྤྲས་ཅན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ དཔེ་དེབ་དེ་ནང་བཀོད་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༠ ལོ་ལུ་ རྡོ་ཀ་མ་རུ་པའི་བཟོ་གྲྭ་གཟིགས་ཞིབ་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ མ་འོངས་པ་ལུ་འདི་གིས་ གནོདཔ་ཆེ་ནི་ཨིནམ་མཁྱེན་ཏེ་ མཚམས་འཇོག་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ དགེ་འདུ་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་གནམ་སྤང་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཁང་འདི་ཡང་སྒོ་བསྡམས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༣ ལོར་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ཐདམ་ཐད་ཁར་ རི་དྭགས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་གླིང་ག་ངོས་འཛིན་གནང་སྟེ་ ས་ཁོངས་འདི་ནང་ ཤ་བདའ་ནི་དང་ནགས་ཚལ་སྤྱོད་ནི་ཚུ་བཀག་ཆ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ད་རུང་ དཔེ་དེབ་འདི་ནང་བཀོད་དོ་བཟུམ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༦༨ པའི་ནང་ ནགས་ཚལ་ལས་ཁུངས་ཀྱིས་སྙན་ཞུ་ཕུལ་མིའི་ནང་ འཆར་གཞི་ལྔ་པ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ནང་ར་ གཞུང་ས་སྟོངམ་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་ས་ཁྲམ་ནང་ཚུད་དེ་ཡོད་མི་བསྡོམས་ཏེ་ ས་ཞིང་ཨེ་ཀར་ ༢༩༨༦ གི་ནང་ཤིང་གི་ལྕངམ་ འབུམ་ ༦༢༠༠༠ ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་བཙུགས་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་ གྲོས་ཆོད་ དོན་ཚན་ ༡༦ པའི་ནང་བཀོད་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཆུ་རུད་བཀག་ཐབས་དང་ རི་དྭགས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་གྱི་ཐད་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ག་བཟོ་སྟེ་ ནགས་ཚལ་དང་རི་དྭགས་སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་ལུ་ གནོད་པ་བཀལ་མ་བཅུག་པར་བཞག་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལམ་བསྒྲིགས་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ག་ར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་ འབག་འོངས་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཉམས་སོ་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱུར་བ་ཀྱི་ ཁེ་ཕན་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་གྱོང་རྒུད་ཕོག་ནི་ཨིན་པའི་ མ་འོངས་མངོན་པར་གཟིགས་ཏེ་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;

བཅུད་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་་ནོར་བུ་ངོ་མ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ལུ་ཁེ་ཕན་ཆེ་བའི་རྒྱུ་ནོར་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ནང་པ་ཆོས་ལྡན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཆ་ལས་ ནང་བཅུད་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་ལུ་ གནོད་པ་བཀལ་བ་ཅིན་ཆོས་དང་འགལ་བའི་ལཱ་སྦོམ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་དེ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ནི་འདི་ ཆོས་དང་མཐུན་པའི་ལཱ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གཉིསཔ་ཆ་ར་ལུ་ཁེ་ཕན་ཆེ་བའི་རྒྱུ་ནོར་གྱི་བདོག་གཏད་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་ བཙོག་པ་ཞུགས་མ་བཅུག་པར་ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བ་འགྲུབ་ནི་འདི་ འབྲུག་མི་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་གི་འགན་འཁུར་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ།  
&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཀ་ཆེན་གསུམ་པ་ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཀ་ཆེན་གསུམ་པ་འདི་ ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་གནང་སྟེ་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྒྲོན་མེ་སྤར་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ས་གནས་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་སྦས་གནས་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ལུ་ བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ བླ་ཆེན་དམ་པ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གིས་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་ཏེ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་བཏང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༧ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ བོད་ལུ་གཙང་སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཐུགས་མཐུན་མ་བྱུང་པར་ རྒྱུ་རྐྱེན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཆིབས་ཁ་ལྷོ་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་ཧེ་མབ་ལྷགཔ་སྦེ་ གོང་འཕེལ་བཏང་གནང་བའི་ཁར་ རྫོང་གཞིས་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བཞེངས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ཡང་ སྲོལ་གཏོད་མཛད་དེ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ དང་ཕུ་ལས་དར་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ རང་ལུགས་སྔར་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་ག་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཡང་འདྲ་ས་མེདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ནང་པའི་ཆོས་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཀ་ཆེན་གསུམ་པའི་དགོངས་དོན་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་དེང་སང་དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་གོང་འཕེལ་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་འགྱོ་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ནང་གི་བསམ་པ་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་དང་ མནོ་བསམ་གཏང་ཐངས་དང་ ཕྱིའི་བྱ་བ་སྤྱོད་ལམ་ཚུ་ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་ལས་བརྟེན་བཅོ་ཁ་རྐྱབ་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ འདོད་ཆགས། ཞེ་སྡང་། གཏི་མུག། ང་རྒྱལ་དང་། ཕྲག་དོག་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ དུག་ལྔའི་རྒྱུ་ལས་བརྟེན་ འདོད་པ་ཆེ་སྟེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབང་དུ་ཐལ་སོ་པ་ཅིན་ ཞི་བདེའི་རྩ་བ་མེདཔ་གཏང་བའི་རྒྱུ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དེ་་ཚུ་རྩ་བ་ལས་སྤངས་ཏེ་ ཆོས་ལྡན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བ་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་པ་ཅིན་ ཞི་བདེ་དང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འབྱུང་ནི་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རང་དང་གཞན་ དེ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ ཐ་དམ་ཚིག་དང་ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ཏེ་ བསམ་པ་བཟང་པོའི་སྒོ་ལས་ རང་དང་གཞན་ཟེར་དབྱེ་བ་མ་ཕྱེས་པར་ འཕྲལ་ཕུགས་གཉིས་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ ཡབ་མེས་དམ་པ་ཚུ་གི་མཛད་ཤུལ་བཟང་པོའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་དགོ་ནི་དང་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་གོང་མར་བཀུར་ལུགས་དང་འོག་མར་སྐྱོང་གཞག་མཉམ་པར་ བརྩེ་གདུང་དང་དག་སྣང་ཟེར་ གོངམ་གིས་འོགམ་ལུ་ བྱམས་སྐྱོང་དང་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་བལྟ་ནི། འོག་མ་གིས་གོང་མ་ལུ་ གུས་ཞབས་དང་བརྩི་བཀུར་བསྐྱེད་ནི། ཕམ་དང་བུ་གཞིའི་བར་ན་ བརྩེ་གདུང་དང་སྤུན་ཆ་ལུ་འདུ་ཤེས་དང་ཆ་བཞག་བསྐྱེད་ནི། གཉེན་གྲོགས་ཀྱི་དམ་ཚིག་བསྲུང་ནི་དང་ཆ་རོགས་འཆམ་མཐུནམལུ་བརྩེ་གདུང་བསྐྱེད་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཚུ་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོངམ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྲོལ་གཏོད་གནང་བའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དུས་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ རང་གི་ཚེ་ཐེངས་གཅིག་ནང་ ཉམས་མ་བཅུག་པར་བཞག་དགོཔ་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ མ་འོངས་བུ་བརྒྱུད་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡང་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་དེ་ ཉམས་སུ་བླང་ནི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ ཀ་ཆེན་གསུམ་པའི་དགོངས་དོན་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཆོས་གསུམ་གྱི་ནང་དོན་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་མ་ཚད་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ལོ་ལྔའི་འཆར་གཞི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་མི་རློབས་དང་ རིག་གསར་གྱི་འཕྲུལ་ཆས་ཚུ་མེདཔ་ལས་ ཁྱད་རིག་ཅན་གྱི་མི་དང་ འཕྲུལ་ཆས་ཚུ་ཁྱིམ་མཚེས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ལས་ ནང་འདྲེན་འབད་དགོཔ་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་གིས་གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ལུ་ སེམས་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དཔ་འདྲཝ་ཅིག་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ མ་འོངས་པ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ཉམས་ཏེ་འགྱོ་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོདཔ་མཁྱེན་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༣༨ པའི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ངོ་རྟགས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གྱོན་ཆས་ གོ་དང་དཀྱི་ར། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༠ ལོའི་ ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༥༢ པའི་ནང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༤ ལོའི་ ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༦༡ པའི་ནང་ འབྲུག་གི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་བཟོ་རིག། འཆམ་དང་ཞབས་ཁྲ་ཚུ་ཉམས་མ་བཅུག་པར་ བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་དགོ་པའི་གྲོས་ཆོད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སངྱས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༤ ཟླཝ་ ༨ པའི་ཚེས་  ༡ ལུ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༥ ཟླཝ་ ༧ པའི་ཚེས་ ༣༡ ལུ་ སྲོལ་འཛིན་ལྷན་ཚོགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ཟེར་ བླམ་སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ་དང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ (༢༠༠༩ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༤༦) བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ཟླཝ་ ༩ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག་གོང་འཕེལ་བཏང་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་ ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༤ ལུ་ ཕྱིའི་ལྟ་བཤལཔ་ཚུ་ དུས་རྒྱུན་དུ་འོང་ཆོགཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་མི་འདི་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་འོང་འབབ་འབོར་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཟོ་ཚུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཨིན་རུང་ རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་ཡོད་པའི་ངོ་རྟགས་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ ནང་པའི་ཆོས་དང་མཐུན་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཆོས་གསུམ་གྱི་ ལུགས་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་དར་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་འདི་ མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་གཏང་ནི་འདི་ མི་སེར་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་གིའགན་ཁུར་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་དེང་སང་དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ རང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་འབད་དགོ་པའི་ཁར་ ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་འདི་ལུ་ གནོད་པའི་ལཱ་གི་འཆར་གཞི་ཚུ་ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་སྤངས་ཏེ་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་དགོཔ་འདི་ཀ་ཆེན་འདི་གི་དགོངས་དོན་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཀ་ཆེན་བཞི་པ་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན། === 
&lt;big&gt;༉	སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་རྣམ་སྤྲུལ་ དཔལ་མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་ རྒྱལ་རབས་བཞི་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་གུར་ཕེབས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་སྔར་ལས་ལྷགཔ་སྦེ་ ཤར་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ གཅེས་ཤིང་ཕངས་པའི་ ཁོ་རའི་སྐུ་སྲོག་ལས་ལྷག་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཐུགས་བྱམས་པ། བརྩེ་བ་དང་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཚད་མེད་ཀྱིས་སྒོ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཆོས་བཞིན་དུ་ བསྐྱོངས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་གསེར་ཁྲིའི་རྩ་བ་ལས་ དུས་ནམ་ཡང་བརྗེད་པར་ཕངས་པའི་ ནོར་བུ་དགོས་འདོད་སྤུངས་འཇོམས་དང་འདྲ་བའི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྩའི་ སྲིད་བྱུས་བཟང་པོ་དང་ རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཙན་གྱི་དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་གཉིས་ འབྲུག་པའི་འབངས་མི་སེར་ཡོངས་ལུ་ གསོལ་རས་སྦེ་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་གིས་ མཚན་གྱི་སྙན་གྲགས་ འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པར་ ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་གཉིས་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་འདི་ དེང་སང་ འཛམ་གླིང་གཅིག་འགྱུར་གྱི་ འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་གོམས་པ་ མདུན་དུ་སྤོ་བའི་དུས་ལུ་ ཕྱིའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་ ནང་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་སེམས་ཀྱི་ཞི་བདེ་གཉིས་ མཐོ་དམའ་མེད་པར་ ཚད་མཉམ་སྦེ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་དགོ་པའི་གཞི་རྩའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། སྲིད་བྱུས་འདི་ ལག་ལེན་དངོས་གཞིའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་བཏུབ་པའི་ཕྱིར་དུ་ ཀ་ཆེན་བཞི་ལུ་ དབྱེ་སྟེ་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ འོག་ལས་མར་ ཀ་ཆེན་བཞི་པའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཀྱི་ དགོངས་དོན་ཚུ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཀ་ཆེན་བཞི་པ་འདི་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་འདི་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ གཞུང་ལས་མི་སེར་ལུ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ དགོས་མཁོ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་བྱིན་ནི་གི་ལམ་ལུགས་དང་། མི་སེར་གྱི་གཞི་རྟེན་འཐོབ་དབང་དང་འགན་འཁྲི། མི་སྡེའི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་ཚུ་ འོས་འབབ་སྡན་པའི་ས་གོ་ནང་ འོས་འབབ་ཅན་གྱི་མི་ངོམ་བཙག་འཐུ་འབད་ཐངས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས། ཁྲིམས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་བྱ་སྒོའི་ལམ་ལུགས། ཞི་གཡོགཔ་དང་མི་སྡེའི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་ཚུ་གི་འགན་ཁུར་དང་འགན་འཁྲི་འབག་ཐངས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་ཚུ་ དྭངས་གསལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་འབད་དགོཔ་ཚུ་ ཀ་ཆེན་འདི་གི་འོག་ལུ་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འབྲུག་གི་ནོར་བུ་ལས། (༢༠༠༩) འབྲུག་གཞུང་རྩ་བ་གསུམ་གྱི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་གི་མི་སེར་གཅིག་ཨིན་ཟེར་མནོ་བསམ་བཏང་སྟེ་ མགྲིན་གཅིག་དབྱངས་གཅིག་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཆགས་སྡང་ཕྱོགས་རིས་ཅན་གྱི་གཡོ་སྒྱུའི་ངན་ལྷད་དང་ ཕྱུགཔོ་དང་སྤྱང་ཀའི་དབྱེ་བ།  དྲག་ཞན་དང་མཐོ་དམའ། རང་མི་ཨིན་ཟེར་ཚུར་འཐེན་ནི་དང་ རོགས་མི་ཕར་ཕུད་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་འགོ་སྐབས་བྱིན་ནིའི་གཡོ་སྒྱུ་གི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ རྩ་བ་ལས་སྤངས་ཏེ་ དམ་ཚིག་ལྷད་མེད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་ནི་དང་། ཁྱད་རིག་དང་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ། འགན་འཁྲི་དང་དྭངས་གསལ། ཤ་ཞེན་ཅན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་དྲང་བདེན་གྱི་འགན་ཁག་འབག་སྟེ་ ཕྱག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ཞུ་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་འཐོབ་ཚུགས་ཟེར་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ མི་དབང་ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་པོ་ལུ་ཡིད་ཆེས་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་རྒྱན་ཕུལ་ནིའི་ ལམ་ལུགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་མི་གུར་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཆེན་མོ་དང་ བླློ་གྲོས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་མི་ཚུ་དང་། རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཀ་ཆེན་བཞི་པའི་དགོངས་དོན་འདི་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༡ ལས་ ལོ་ལྔའི་འཆར་གཞི་ལྔ་པ་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ རྫོང་ཁག་གཞུང་འཛུགས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ རྒྱལ་གཞུང་ལྟེ་བ་ལས་ དབང་ཚད་གཞུང་ལུ་གནང་སྟེ་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༡ ལུ་ རྒེད་འོག་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཚོགས་འདུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་སྟེ་ རྒེད་འོག་རེ་རེ་ལུ་ དབང་ཚད་ཕྱིར་སྤེལ་གནང་མིའི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྲིད་སྐྱོང་ལམ་ལུགས་ནང་རྫོང་ཁག་སོ་སོའི་མི་སེར་ རང་སོ་ལུ་གྲོས་ཐག་གཅད་ནིའི་དབང་ཆ་དང་། རང་སོའི་དགོ་འདོད་དང་འཁྲིལ་བའི་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ཆོག་པའི་རང་དབང་ མི་དམངས་ལུ་གནང་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཀ་ཆེན་བཞི་པ་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་གྱི་དགོངས་དོན་ལྟར་དུ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༨ ལུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ སྲིད་སྐྱོང་གི་དབང་ཚད་ བློན་པོ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ལུ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ བློན་པོ་ཚུ་ཡང་ བཙག་འཐུ་འབད་དེ་མ་གཏོགས་ བསྐོག་བཞག་འབད་ནི་མེད་པའི་ ལམ་ལུགས་བཟོ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དམངས་གཙོ་རིང་ལུགས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༡ ལུ་  རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོ་ཟིན་བྲིས་བཀོད་ནི་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་དང་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་རྣམ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཁལ་གཅིག་གི་མི་སེར་དང་ ཞི་གཡོགཔ་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ་ཚུ་ནང་གི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཚུ་ལུ་ རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོའི་ཟིན་བྲིས་ཚུ་གསལ་བཤད་གནང་སྟེ་ དེ་ནང་ལུ་ འཕྲི་སྣོན་དང་ལེགས་བཅོས་ཀྱི་བསམ་འཆར་བཀོད་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་གང་མང་གནང་མི་དང་། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་བཙག་འཐུ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཡིག་ཚང་འགོ་འབྱེད་མཛད་དེ་ བཙག་འཐུ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཁྲིམས་ལུགས་དང་ བྱ་སྒོའི་ལམ་ལུགས་ཚུ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེབཟོ་བ་གིས་མ་ཚད་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་བཙག་འཐུ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་གང་མང་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། ཚོགས་རྒྱན་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ བཙག་འཐུ་ངོ་མ་འབད་ཐངས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་ཚུ་གི་ཐོག་ལུ་ སྦྱང་བ་ག་དེ་མང་མང་འབད་དེ་བཙག་འཐུའི་ལམ་ལུགས་ལུ་ ཐེ་ཚོམ་དང་དོགས་སྣང་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེདཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ལུ་ དམངས་གཙོའི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཅན་གྱི་གཞུང་དབུ་བརྙེས་ཏེ་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་གི་དབང་ཆ་ཧྲིལ་བུམ་བླློན་པོ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ལུ་གནང་མི་ཚུ་ག་ར་  གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་བདེ་ཐབས་ལུ་ མཛད་གནང་མི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཀྱི་ ཀ་ཆེན་བཞི་པའི་གཞི་རྩ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དངོས་གཞི་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་འཁོརལོ་རྣམ་དགུ་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ སེམས་ཁམས་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། ===
&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དངོས་གཞི་ ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་་ཡང་ན་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འཁོར་ལོ་རྣམ་དགུ་ལས་ དང་པ་འདི་ སེམས་ཁམས་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འདི་ཨིན། བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་རྩ་བ་སེམས་ཟེར་སླབ་དོ་བཟུམ་ ང་བཅས་ར་འགྲོ་བ་མིའི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ བདེ་བ་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ག་ར་འབྱུང་སའི་གཞི་རྩ་ཡང་ན་་རྩ་བ་ངོ་མ་འདི་རང་གི་སེམས་འདི་ཨིན། སེམས་ལུ་མ་བརྟེན་པར་ དགའ་བ་དང་སྐྱིད་པའི་དཔལ་ལུ་ ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ལས་ བདག་གཞན་ཀུན་ལུ་དགོ་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ཡང་ གཙོ་བོ་ རང་གི་སེམས་ཀྱི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་འདི་གིས་ཁྱད་པར་བཟོཝ་ཨིན། སེམས་འདི་ ང་བཅས་ར་ ལུ་ ལུས་དང་གྱིབ་མ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་གནས་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རང་གི་སེམས་འདི་ རང་གིས་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ སེམས་ཁམས་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བཞག་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ དེ་་ལས་བརྟེན་རང་གི་མི་ཚེ་ནང་ལུ་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་དཔལ་ལུ་ ལོངས་སྤྱོད་དེ་སྡོད་ནིའི་ཁེ་ཕན་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

ང་བཅས་ར་ག་ར་གིས་ མ་རིག་པའི་རྩ་བ་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་དུག་གསུམ་དང་དུག་ལྔ་ དཔེར་ན་ འདོད་ཆགས། ཞེ་སྡང་། གཏི་མུག།  ང་རྒྱལ། ཕྲག་དོག་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ རྩ་བ་ལས་སྤང་དགོཔ་ཨིན། ཉོན་མོངས་པ་འདི་ཚུ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ རང་དང་གཞན་གྱི་བར་ན་ ངལ་མ་རངས་པའི་ཕུང་གཞི་འབྱུང་ནི་དང་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ལང་ནིའི་གཞི་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ཞི་བདེ་གི་རྩ་བ་ཤིང་བཏོག་ནིའི་ལག་ཆ་སྟ་རི་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ནང་པའི་ཆོས་དང་འཇིག་རྟེན་ཕལ་པའི་ལུགས་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་མ་བཏུབ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་རྩ་བ་གསུམ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ གཡོ་སྒྱུ་དང་ངན་ལྷད་ཀྱི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ལུ་ངམ་ངམ་ཤུགས་ཀྱིས་སྦེ་འབད་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ འདི་ཚུ་རྩ་བ་ལས་སྤང་དགོཔ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྩ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

ང་བཅས་རའི་སེམས་འདི་ལུ་ཡང་ བྱང་ཉེས་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཁམས་ཟེར་ ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་དབང་ལུ་ཐལ་ཚར་བའི་སེམས་ངན་པ་ཅིག་དང་ ཡ་རབས་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཁམས་ཟེར་ འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་འགྲོ་ལུགས་ཀུན་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཡ་རབས་བཟང་པོའི་མནོ་ལུགས་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དང་པ་ སེམས་ཁམས་བྱང་ཉེས་འབྱུང་ཚུལ་ཡང་ རྩ་བ་ཡང་ན་གཞི་རྩ་ངོ་མ་ར་རྒྱུ་མ་རིག་པ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ འབྲས་བུ་འདོད་ཆགས་ཞེ་སྡང་གཏི་མུག་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་དུག་གསུམ་རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་འཕེལ་ནི་ཨིན་པས། གལ་སྲིད་རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་སེམས་ཁམས་བྱང་ཉེས་འདི་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་སེམས་ཁར་མནོ་རིགས་མནོ་ཚེ་ དག་གཞན་ཀུན་ལུ་གནོད་པ་ ཡང་ན་ཕན་མ་ཐོགས་པའི་རྣམ་རྟོག་འཆར་ནི་དང་ ཉོན་མོངས་པ་གཞན་ཡང་ ང་རྒྱལ་ཁོང་ཁྲོ་ལ་སོགས་པ་དང་ རང་གི་སེམས་ཁར་ཚ་གྱང་ལང་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྲངས་མེདཔ་ཅིག་ རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་རང་གི་སེམས་ཀྱི་ཞི་གནས་མེདཔ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ རང་དང་གཞན་གྱི་བར་ན་ཕུང་དང་སྲིད་འབྱུང་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་གཞི་ཅིག་ལུ་འགྱུར་ནི་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ གལ་སྲིད་སེམས་རྒྱུད་ངན་པ་འདི་ལུ་འབད་རྩོལ་ཆེ་བའི་གོ་ལས་སྤང་ཐབས་མ་བསྒྲིགས་པ་ཅིན་ དེ་གིས་ རང་ལུ་གནོད་པའི་ཆ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གཞན་ལུ་ཡང་གནོད་པའི་ཆ་ གྱངས་ཁ་མ་ཆོདཔ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རང་གཞན་ཀུན་གྱི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ སེམས་སྡུག་དང་ན་ཟུག་ཚད་མེདཔ་ཅིག་བཀལ་ཏེ་ མནར་བའི་དམྱལ་ཁམས་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཚུ་ཡང་མྱོང་བཅུག་མི་འདི་ སེམས་རྒྱུད་ངན་པ་འདི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིནམ་ཤེས་དགོ། རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་དུག་གསུམ་དུག་ལྔ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ཚུ་ རང་དང་གཞན་ལུ་གནོད་པའི་དགྲ་བོ་ཨིནམ་ཤེས་ཏེ་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་དཀའ་ཐུབ་དང་བཟོད་བསྲན་ཆེན་པོའི་སྒོ་ལས་ སེམས་ངན་པའི་རིགས་ཚུ་སྤང་ཐབས་ལུ་བརྩོན་དགོཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ རང་དབང་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ཡང་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་སེམས་ཀྱི་ཞི་བདེ་དང་ སེམས་ཁམས་བདེ་བའི་ངང་ལུ་གནས་དགོཔ་འདི་མེད་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཅིག་ཨིན། གལ་སྲིད་ང་བཅས་ར་མི་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ཞི་བདེ་མེདཔ་འདྲཝ་ཅིག་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་བྱ་སྟབས་མ་བདེ་བའི་གནོད་པ་འབྱུང་ནི་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ནང་པའི་ཆོས་དང་མ་མཐུན་པའི་ལཱ་ངན་འབད་མི་ཚུ་ ཡར་སེང་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ བྱ་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་སྦོམ་འཐོན་སྲིད་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ང་བཅས་ར་འགྲོ་བ་མི་ལུ་ སེམས་ཁམས་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་ལེགས་ཤོམ་དགོཔ་འདི་ཁག་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། སེམས་ཁམས་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་འདི་ གཙང་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བཞག་ནི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བྱུས་བཟང་པོའི་གཞི་རྩ་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== གསོ་བའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དངོས་གཞི་ ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ ཡང་ན་་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འཁོར་ལོ་རྣམ་དགུ་ལས་ གཉིས་པ་འདི་ གསོ་བའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འདི་ཨིན། མི་སྡེ་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ནང་ལུ་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ཞི་བདེའི་རྩ་བ་འབྱུང་ས་ངོ་མ་འདི་ གསོ་བའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་འདི་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ དུས་ངན་སྙིགས་མའི་དུས་ལུ་ ནད་གཞི་མ་འདྲཝ་རྣམ་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཐོན་འོང་པའི་སྐབས་ ང་བཅས་ག་ར་གསོ་བའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་འདི་ལུ་མ་བསྟེན་པར་ འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ང་བཅས་ར་ འཛམ་གླིང་འདི་ནང་སྡོད་པའི་རིང་ལུ་ ཞི་བདེ་དང་མཐར་ཐུག་གཏན་གྱི་བདེ་བ་འཐོབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ བྱང་ཆུབ་བསྒྲུཔ་པའི་གཞི་རྟེན་འདི་ ལུས་འདི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་འབྱུང་ནི་ཨིནམ་དང་ ལུས་ཀྱི་བདེ་བ་འདི་ གསོ་བའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་འདི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་མ་གཏོགས་ གཞན་ལས་འབྱུང་སའི་ཡུལ་སོ་སོ་ཅིག་རྩ་ལས་མེདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་ལུས་འདི་ ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུ་ཟེར་ གང་འདོད་རང་བཞིན་ལྷུན་གྱིས་འགྲུབས་འོང་པའི་ནོར་དང་འདྲཝ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ ལུས་འདི་ གསོ་བའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་འདི་ལུ་ དུས་དང་རྣམ་པ་ཀུན་ཏུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་དགོཔ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་ གསོ་བའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ འདི་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྩ་འགྲུབ་ཚུགས་ནི་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;

དགོངས་དོན་འདི་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ ན་ཚ་དང་ཤི་ཆད་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བསལ་ཏེ་ བདེ་སྐྱིད་འབྱུང་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ གསོ་བའི་གཞི་རྟེན་སྨན་ཁང་ཆེ་འབྲིང་ཆུང་གསུམ་བསྡོམས་ ༤༠ ཙམ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་འབད་བའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ༧༡༥ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་ཡར་སེང་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གསོ་བའི་སྤུས་ཚད་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚད་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་ལེགས་བཅོས་དང་། ཉེན་ཁ་མེད་པའི་འཐུང་ཆུ། གཙང་སྦྲ་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན། ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཨ་ལུའི་སྐྱེ་ནད་དང་ཨ་ལུ་ཆ་ཁྱབ་ནད་རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ལས་བཀག་ཚུགས་པའི་སྨན་ཁབ།  ཨའིཡོ་ཌིན་གྱི་ཟས་བཅུད་མ་ཚང་བའི་ནད་རིགས་རྩ་མེད་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་ལས་སྡེའི་དམིགས་དོན་ཚུ་གྲུབ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ མི་རློབས་ཚད་ལས་བརྒལ་ཏེ་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་བ་ཅིན་ མ་འོངས་པ་ལུདཀའ་ངལ་འཐོན་ནི་ཨིནམ་མཁྱེན་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༠ ལུ་ བཟའ་ཚང་འཆར་གཞིའི་ལས་རིམ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་མི་དེ་གིས་ བཟའ་ཚང་གི་མི་རློབས་འཕར་ཚད་དེ་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༢ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་ མར་ཕབ་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ནད་གཞི་ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་ཨེཌིསི་འཐོབ་མིའི་གྱངས་ཁ་ ལོ་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་ཡར་འཕར་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༤ ཟླཝ་ ༣ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༣ ལུ་ ནད་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་  ཉེ་རིང་མེད་པར་བྱམས་བརྩེའི་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་ཐམ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ གསོ་བའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་ལུ་གནོད་པ་དང་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་བྱ་སྟབས་མ་བདེ་བའི་རྒྱུ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ ཆང་འཐུང་ནིའི་སྤྱོད་པ་ལས་བརྟེན་ བཟའ་ཚང་ནང་ལུ་འཐབ་འཛིང་ཐོན་ཏེ་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་རྩ་བ་མེདཔ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ མི་ལུ་ཤི་རྐྱེན་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ ཆང་འདི་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཆང་འདི་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ གྲོང་གསེབ་ནང་ལུ་དབུལ་ཕོངས་ཀྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་སྐུ་གྱོང་ཕོག་པའི་གཞི་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ འབྲུག་མི་ག་ར་གིས་དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་འགན་ཁུར་འབག་སྟེ་ཆང་སྤང་དགོ་པའི་ཁར་ ཆང་དང་སྨྱོ་རྫས་འདི་ལུ་ལང་ཤོར་ཐལ་བ་ཅིན་ དང་པ་ཕམ་ལུ་དྲིན་ལན་འབྱོར་མ་ཚུགས། གཉིས་པ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་ཞུ་མ་ཚུགས། གསུམ་པ་རང་གི་ཚེ་སྲོག་ལུགནོད་ཉེན་ཆེ་བའི་ཁར་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་ཞི་བདེ་མེདཔ་གཏང་པའི་ རྒྱུ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཀའ་གནང་སྟེ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ ན་གཞོན་སྐྱེས་ལོ་ ༡༨ མན་ཆད་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཆང་གི་རིགས་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་མ་ཆོགཔ་དང་ ཨ་རྟག་ར་ ཉི་མ་ཚུ་ཚོད་ ༡ ཚུན་ཚོད་དང་ རེས་གཟའ་ལྷགཔ་ལུ་ ཆང་བཙོང་མ་ཆོག་པའི་བཀག་དམ་མཛད་གནང་མི་དེ་ཡང་ མི་ཚུ་ལུ་གསོ་བའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་འདི་ མེད་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;

དེ་མ་ཚད་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་གསོ་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ ལེགས་བཅོས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་ཡང་མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ གསོ་བ་ལུ་ལྷག་པར་བརྩོན་གནང་མི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ནང་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ནད་གཞི་མ་འདྲཝ་ཟུན་ཏེ་ ན་ཚ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་འཕེལ་སོ་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་ལུ་ ཐོ་ཕོག་ནི་ཨིནམ་མཁྱེན་ཏེ་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ དམིགས་ཡུལ་སྒྲུབ་་ཐབས་ལུ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;

མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ གཞན་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ཐད་ལས་ ག་དེམ་ཅིག་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་སྟེ་འབད་རུང་ གསོ་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་མེད་པར་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ག་ར་ནད་གཞི་མ་འདྲཝ་རེ་ཐོབ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཉམ་ཐག་སྟེ་ལུས་སོ་པ་ཅིན་ ཞི་བདེའི་རྩ་བ་མེདཔ་གཏང་ནི་ཨིནམལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་ཚུ་འགྲུབ་མི་ཚུགས་ནི་ཨིན་པས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ གསོ་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་འདི་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བྱིན་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ནང་ བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་ཚུགས་པའི་ཁར་ མི་སྡེ་དང་བཟའ་ཚང་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ ཞི་བདེ་དང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འབྱུང་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ གསོ་བའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་འདི་ ངེས་པར་དུ་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཤེས་རིག་ཀུན་ཚང་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དངོས་གཞི་ ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ཡང་ན་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་འཁོར་ལོ་རྣམ་དགུ་ལས་ གསུམ་པ་འདི་ ཤེས་རིག་ཀུན་ཚང་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འདི་ཨིན། སྤྱིར་བཏང་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་སེར་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱུ་ནོར་གྱི་བདོག་གཏད་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཤེས་རིག་ཡོན་ཏན་འདི་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཤེས་རིག་ཡོན་ཏན་འདི་ མི་ཤེས་རྨོངས་པ་སེལ་བའི་སྒྲོན་མེ་ཟེར་ གནག་དུང་དུ་ནང་ལུ་ མུན་པ་སེལ་བའི་མེ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དེང་སང་འཛམ་གླིང་གཅིག་འགྱུར་གྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་གོམ་པ་མདུན་དུ་སྤོ་བའི་དུས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་འདྲ་མཉམ་སྦེ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མེད་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཅིག་ཨིན། ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ས་གོ་དང་མི་རློབས་ལས་བཅད་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ དོ་འགྲན་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་ཐབས་ལམ་ཅིག་རྩ་ལས་མེད། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་དང་གཅིག་མཚུངས་སྦེ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་དང་ཡོན་ཏན་ཅན་གྱི་མི་ཁུངས་འདི་དགོཔ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མི་ཁུངས་ལྕོགས་ཅན་དང་ཡོན་ཏན་ཅན་ཡོད་མི་བཏོན་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ དེའིགཞི་རྩ་ངོ་མ་འདི་ ཤེས་རིག་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་དེ་གི་སྤུས་ཚད་འདི་ལེགས་ཤོམ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;

དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ དགོངས་དོན་ཚུ་འགྲུབ་ཐབས་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ ཤེས་རིག་གི་གཞི་རྟེན་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆེ་འབྲིང་ཆུང་གསུམ་བསྡོམས་ ༩༨ ཡོད་མི་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་འབད་བའི་བསྒང་ལས་ སློབ་གྲྭ་བསྡོམས་ ༥༡༩ ལྷག་ཙམ་ཅིག་ལུ་ ཡར་སེང་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ འབྲི་ལྷག་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱང་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་མ་ཐོབ་པར་ལུས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་ རྒན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༢ ལས་ གཞི་རྟེན་ཤེས་ཡོན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཡང་ འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ཟླཝ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་གཅིག་གི་འོག་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འཛིན་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་དེ་ མཐོ་རིམ་ཤེས་ཚད་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་དེ་ལུ་ འགྱུར་བ་གསརཔ་ཅིག་བཟོ་གནང་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་གྱི་ན་གཞོན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བཏོན་པའི་རྟགས་མཚན་ལུ་ གཙུག་ལག་དབང་པོ་ཡང་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་མཆོག་གིས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་མ་ཚད་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ཡང་ མ་འོངས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གནས་སྟངས་ལེགས་ཉེས་འདི་ ན་གཞོན་ཆ་ཁྱབ་ཀྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལུ་རག་ལས་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དེང་སང་དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་པའི་ ཤེས་རིག་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་རྩ་གཞུང་དང་སྤུས་ཚད་ཚུ་ དུས་དང་བསྟུན་པའི་ལེགས་བཅོས་འབད་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་ཡང་ལས་ཡང་དུ་གནང་བཞིན་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་དུ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་ཐེངས་ ༡༡༣ པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྤུངས་ཐང་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཕོ་བྲང་ནང་ལས་ འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ལུ་ཤེས་རིག་ལམ་ལུགས་ལེགས་སྒྱུར་གྱི་བཀའ་ཤོག་གནང་ནི་ཨིན་པའི་གསལ་བསྒྲགས་གནང་སྟེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་  ༢༠༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་ བཀའ་ཤོག་གནང་་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་བཀའ་ཤོག་གནང་དགོ་མི་དེ་ཡང་ དེང་སང་དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་པའི་ཤེས་རིག་གི་སྤུས་ཚད་དང་ལམ་ལུགས་ཚུ་ལེགས་བཅོས་འབད་དེ་ མ་འོངས་པ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་དོ་འགྲན་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་གྱི་མི་ཁུངས་བཏོན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན་པས།  དེ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་འབད་རུང་ ཤེས་རིག་གི་སྤུས་ཚད་ལེགས་བཅོས་འབད་ནི་འདི་ལུ་ གཙོ་རིམ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་དང་མཛད་བཞིན་དུ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ག་ར་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་འགྲུབ་ཐབས་ལུ་ཨིན་པས།
མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་གྱི་མི་ཁུངས་བཏོན་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ ཤེས་རིག་གི་སྤུས་ཚད་འདི་ལུ་ རག་ལས་ནི་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་  ན་གཞོན་ཆ་ཁྱབ་ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་འདི་ལོ་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་ཡར་སེང་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དེ་གིས་མ་འོངས་པ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཞི་བདེ་དང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་ལུ་གནོད་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བ་འགྲུབ་ཚུགས་པར་ལཱ་ཁག་གཏང་ནི་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ མ་འོངས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གནས་སྟངས་ཀྱི་ལེགས་ཉེས་འདི་ ཤེས་རིག་གི་སྤུས་ཚད་འདི་ལུ་རག་ལས་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་དབང་རིམ་འབྱོན་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་ ཤེས་རིག་ལམ་ལུགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་དེ་ སྤུས་ཚད་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཛད་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གཞུང་རིམ་འབྱོན་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་དེ་ལུ་གཙོ་རིམ་བཟུང་སྟེ་  ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ག་ར་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྩ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བ་འགྲུབ་ཐབས་ལུ་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== དུས་ཚོད་ལག་ལེན་ཚད་སྙོམས་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དངོས་གཞི་ ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ ཡང་ན་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་འཁོར་ལོ་རྣམ་དགུ་ལས་ བཞི་པ་འདི་ དུས་ཚོད་ལག་ལེན་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འདི་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་བ་སྲས་དང་བཅས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ མི་ཁོམས་པའི་གནས་བརྒྱད་ཟེར་ དམྱལ་བ། ཡི་དྭགས། དུད་འགྲོ།  ལྐུག་པ། ཀླ་ཀློ། ལྷ་ཚེ་རིང་། སངྱས་ཀྱིས་སྟོང་པ་དང་། ལོག་ལྟ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གནས་ལས་ཐར་ཏེ་ དལ་འབྱོར་བརྒྱད་དང་འབྱོར་པ་བཅུ་ཚང་བའི་མི་ལུས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་འདི་ལུ་ དལ་བ་ཁོམས་པ་ཟེར་ངོ་སྤྲོད་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱིར་བཏང་ དེ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ སྐབས་སུ་བབས་པ་ ང་བཅས་ར་འགྲོ་བ་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ཁོམས་པའི་གནས་འདི་ནང་ དུས་ཚོད་ཚད་སྙོམས་སྦེ་སྤྱོད་མ་ཤེས་པ་ཅིན་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པར་ལཱ་ཁག་གཏངམ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ང་བཅས་ཆ་ཁྱབ་ དང་པ་མིའི་ལུས་རྟེན་ཐོབ། དེའི་ནང་ལས་ཡང་ ནང་པ་ཆོས་ལྡན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་སྐྱེས་མི་འདི་ ཚེ་སྔོན་མ་བསོད་ནམས་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པར་ བསགས་པའི་འབྲས་བུ་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ ད་རེས་ཀྱི་མི་ཚེ་འདི་ནང་ དུས་ཚོད་འདི་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་མ་ཤེས་པར་ སྣང་བ་གང་ཤར་སྦེ་གཏི་མུག་གི་ངང་ལུ་ལུས་སོ་པ་ཅིན་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་དཔལ་ལུ་ ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་མེདཔ་ལས་ དུས་ཚོད་ཚད་སྙོམས་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་འདི་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

དུས་ཚོད་ཚད་སྙོམས་སྦེ་སྤྱོད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་  དུས་འཁོར་ཉིན་མཚན་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༢༤ ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ འཚོ་སྐྱོང་འོང་འབབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་དང་ མཚན་རིག་མཁས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་གྱི་གྲུབ་འབྲས་ཚུ་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ དུས་རྟག་བུ་ རང་གི་གཟུགས་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཤོས་ཅིག་ ཕྱི་རུ་ཞག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ཉལ་དགོཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་བཞེས་སྒོ་ཟ་ནི། སྤྲོ་བཏོན་ནི་དང་ལུས་སྦྱོང་འབད་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལཱ་རྣམ་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་དུས་ཚོད་སྤྱོད་ཐངས་འདི་ དཔེར་ན་ ཉལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༨། ལཱ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༦། སྤྲོ་བཏོན་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༢། བཟའ་ཚང་ཉེ་འཁོར་ཚུ་དང་མཉམ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༤། ལུས་སྦྱོང་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༢ དང་དེ་ལས་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༢ དེ་ཅིག་ ངལ་འཚོ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལས་སྣ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ དུས་ཚོད་རན་ཏོག་ཏོ་བགོ་སྟེ་ ལཱ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ མི་ཚེ་སྐྱོང་ཐངས་ལུ་ཐབས་མཁས་པའི་སྐྱེས་བུ་དམ་པ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ རང་གི་གཟུགས་ཁར་གནོད་པ་ཉུང་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཞི་བདེ་འབྱུང་ནི་དང་ དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ཡང་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ཞུ་ཚུགས་ནི་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;

ཨིན་རུང་ མི་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་གིས་ རྒྱུ་ནོར་ལུ་ཆོག་ཤེས་མེད་པར་འདོད་པའི་དབང་གིས་ ལཱ་འབད་དེ་འོང་འབབ་ག་དེ་ཅིག་བཟོ་ཚུགས་རུང་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་མི་བ་ལྷགཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཉལ་བའི་གཉིད་མེད་ ཟ་ནིའི་དུས་ཚོད་ཡང་མེདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཕམ་སྤུན་ཆ་དང་གཉེན་ཉེ་འཁོར་ ཆ་རོགས་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གདོང་སྐོར་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནིའི་དུས་ཚོད་ཡང་མེད་པར་ ལཱ་དེ་ར་འབད་སྡོད་པ་ཅིན་ ལུས་ལུ་ན་ཚ་དང་ སེམས་ལུ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོངས་ཏེ་ ལོ་ན་གཞོན་པའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ནད་གཞི་མ་འདྲཝ་འཐོབ་ནི་དང་ ལོ་མ་རྒསཔ་ལས་ལུས་རྒན་རྒས་ཐལ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གནོད་པ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ རང་གི་གཟུགས་ཁམས་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་ལུ་ གནོད་ཉེན་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དུས་ཚོད་ལག་ལེན་ཚད་སྙོམས་མེད་པ་ཅིན་ དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་བྱ་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་འབྱུང་ནི་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ཡང་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་མ་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་ རང་དང་གཞན་གཉིས་ཀ་ལུ་ ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ལཱ་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་གནོད་པ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ འདོད་པའི་དབང་གིས་ ཆོག་ཤེས་མེད་པར་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་འདི་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་འབད་རུང་མ་བཏུབ་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ ཚན་རིག་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་འབད་རུང་ གཟུགས་ཁར་ངལ་གསོ་མེད་པར་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་འདི་ རྩ་ལས་མ་བཏུབ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དུས་ཚོད་ལོག་སྤྱོད་འབད་ནི་འདི་རྩ་བ་ལས་སྤང་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ རང་དང་གཞན་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ དུས་ཚོད་ཚད་སྙོམས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ དང་པ་ རང་གི་གཟུགས་ལུ་ཁེ་ཕན་ཆེ་བའི་ཁར་ གཉིས་པ་ རང་གི་བཟའ་ཚང་དང་མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་ ཞི་བདེ་འབྱུང་བའི་ཁེ་ཕན་ཡོད། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་རྩ་བ་གསུམ་ལུ་ དམ་ཚིག་ལྷད་མེད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་གང་དྲག་ཞུ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཕན་པ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དུས་ཚོད་སྐར་ཆ་གཅིག་ཡང་ཆུད་ཟོས་མ་བཏང་པར་ བརྩི་བཀུར་ཅན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ དུས་ཚོད་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བགོ་སྟེ་ལཱ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རིན་ཐང་དང་བྲལ་བའི་དགོས་འདོད་ག་ར་འབྱུང་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དུས་ཚོད་ཚད་སྙོམས་སྦེ་་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་འདི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་བཟང་པོ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་བཟང་པོ་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དངོས་གཞི་ ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ཡང་པ་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འཁོར་ལོ་རྣམ་དགུ་ལས་ ལྔ་པ་འདི་ སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་བཟང་པོ་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འདི་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ དཔལ་མགོན་འཕགས་པ་ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ་ཀྱིས་ ལུགས་སྲོལ་རྙིང་པོ་སྲོག་བཞིན་དུ། །གཅེས་ཤིང་གོང་འཕེལ་མ་བཏང་ན། །རྩ་བ་རུལ་པའི་སྡོང་པོ་བཞིན། །མི་འདོད་བཞིན་དུ་འགྱེལ་བར་གྱུར། ། ཟེར་གསུང་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོང་མ་ཚུ་གིས་སྲོལ་བཏོད་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་རང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་འདི་ མི་རབས་ལས་མི་རབས་ལུ་བརྒྱུད་དེ་འོངས་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་གྱི་ངོ་རྟགས་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ད་ལྟོ་ང་བཅས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ལམ་སྲོལ་འདི་ཚུ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ གཙོ་བོར་མ་བཏོན་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་དང་རང་བཙན་ལུ་ ཐོ་ཕོག་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་སྦོམ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ མ་འོངས་པའི་བུ་བརྒྱུད་ཚུ་ལུ་ རྩིས་སྤྲོད་ནི་མེད་པའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ཕ་སྡོད་སར་བུ་སྡོད་ནི་མེད་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་འབྱུང་ནི་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;

ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ནང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་དར་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ཡང་ག་ར་ ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོད་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཆོས་གསུམ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་དབང་ཀྱི་ངོ་རྟགས་ཡང་ཨིན། ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མི་ རྒྱ་གར་དང་རྒྱ་ནག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྦུག་ལུ་ཚུད་དེ་ཡོད་པའི་ སྐོབས་ཚུད་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་།དམག་སྡེའི་ནུས་ཤུགས། དེ་ལས་ མི་རློབས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ག་ཅིའི་ཐད་ལས་འབད་རུང་ གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ དོ་འགྲན་རྩ་ལས་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ ད་ཚུན་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་གྱི་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་མ་ཚུད་པར་ལུས་མི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་ཨིན་པའི་ངོ་རྟགས་བཟང་པོ་ དཔེར་ན་ ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ཉམས་པ་སོར་ཆུད་འབད་དེ་ དཔོན་འབངས་ག་ར་བློ་སེམས་གཅིག་ཁར་མཐུན་ཏེ་ མགྲིན་དབྱངས་གཅིག་གི་ཐོག་ལས་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ནི་འདི་གིས་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ དེང་སང་འཛམ་གླིང་གཅིག་འགྱུར་གྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ དཔར་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་དང་ གློག་རིག་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ། ཨང་གནས་ཅན་གྱི་འཕྲུལ་རིག་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་གསར་བཏོན་འབད་དེ་ འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་གི་ ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ དཔེར་ན་ ཞབས་ཁྲ་འཐེན་ཐངས་དང་།ལྟོ་ཟ་ཐངས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ ལཱ་འབད་ཐངས་དང་ཁ་སླབ་ཐངས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཡིད་ཆེས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ ལམ་སྲོལ་ཚུ་ ཉམས་སུ་བླང་ནི་ལུ་སྤྲོ་བ་བསྐྱེད་ནི་དང་ རང་གི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཚུ་རྒྱབ་ཁར་བསྐྱུར་ཏེ་བཞག་པ་ཅིན་ མ་འོངས་པ་ལུ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་དང་རང་བཙན་ལུ་ཐོ་ཕོག་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ནད་མ་འོངསམ་ལས་རིམ་གྲོ་དང་ ཆུ་མ་འོངསམ་ལས་གཡུར་བ་བསལ་ཏེ་ སྔོན་འགོག་འབད་ནི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བ་དང་དགོངས་དོན་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་འགན་ཁུར་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;

ང་བཅས་རའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་གྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ རང་དང་གཞན་ དེ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ ཐ་དམ་ཚིག་དང་ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ཏེ་ ལྷག་བསམ་རྣམ་དག་གི་སྒོ་ལས་ རང་དང་གཞན་ཟེར་དབྱེ་བ་མ་ཕྱེས་པར་ འཕྲལ་ཕུགས་གཉིས་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ ཡབ་མེས་དམ་པ་ཚུ་གི་མཛད་ཤུལ་བཟང་པོའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་དགོ་ནི་དང་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་གོང་མར་བཀུར་ལུགས་དང་འོག་མར་སྐྱོང་བཞག་ དེ་དང་མཉམ་པར་ བརྩེ་གདུང་དང་དག་སྣང་ཟེར་ གོངམ་གིས་འོགམ་ལུ་ བྱམས་སྐྱོང་དང་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་བལྟ་ནི། འོགམ་གིས་གོམ་ལུ་ གུས་ཞབས་དང་བརྩི་བཀུར་བསྐྱེད་ནི། ཕམ་དང་བུ་གཞིའི་བར་ན་ བརྩེ་གདུང་དང་སྤུན་ཆ་ལུ་འདུ་ཤེས་དང་ཆ་བཞག་བསྐྱེད་ནི། གཉེན་གྲོགས་ཀྱི་དམ་ཚིག་བསྲུང་ནི་དང་ ཆ་རོགས་འཆམ་མཐུནམ་ཚུ་ལུ་བརྩེ་གདུང་བསྐྱེད་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཚུ་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོངམ་ཚུ་གིས་སྲོལ་གཏོད་མཛད་གནང་བའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དུས་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ རང་གི་ཚེ་ཐེངས་གཅིགནང་ ཉམས་མ་བཅུག་པར་བཞག་དགོཔ་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ མ་འོངས་བུ་བརྒྱུད་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡང་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་དེ་ ཉམས་སུ་བླངས་བཅུག་ནི་དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཆོས་གསུམ་གྱི་ནང་དོན་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་སྦེ་གནས་ཏེ་ ཡོད་མི་འདི་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་གི་ལུགས་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་འདི་ མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ཉམས་པ་སོར་ཆུད་འབད་དེ་ དཔོན་འབངས་ག་ར་ མགྲིན་དབྱངས་གཅིག་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་དང་མཐུན་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་བཟང་པོ་མཛད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ཨིན་པས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ མ་འོངས་བུ་བརྒྱུད་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡང་ ཕ་ག་སྡོད་སར་བུ་སྡོད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ད་ལྟོ་ང་བཅས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཧེ་མ་ང་བཅས་རའི་ཕམ་གྱིས་ང་བཅས་ལུ་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་དེ་ཡོད་པའི་ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་འདི་ ད་ལས་ཕར་ཡང་སྔར་ག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ རྩིས་སྤྲོད་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ གང་བར་ནང་གི་ཆུ་འཐུང་། སྤྲིན་བར་ནང་གི་ཉིམ་བསྲོ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་འཐོབ་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ལམ་སྲོལ་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཧ་ཅང་གིས་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དངོས་གཞི་ ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ཡང་ན་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འཁོར་ལོ་རྣམ་དགུ་ལས་དྲུག་པ་འདི་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འདི་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་གི་ནོར་བུ་ལས། (༢༠༠༩) འབྲུག་གཞུང་རྩ་བ་གསུམ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་གི་མི་སེར་གཅིག་ཨིན་ཟེར་མནོ་བསམ་བཏང་སྟེ་ མགྲིན་དབྱངས་གཅིག་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཆགས་སྡང་ཕྱོགས་རིས་ཅན་གྱི་གཡོ་སྒྱུའི་ངན་ལྷད་དང་ ཕྱུགཔོ་དང་སྤྱང་ཀའི་དབྱེ་བ། དྲག་ཞན་མཐོ་དམའ། རང་གི་མི་ཨིན་ཟེར་ཚུར་འཐེན་ནི་དང་ རོགས་ཀྱི་མི་ཨིན་ཟེར་ཕར་འཕུལ་ཏེ་ གོ་སྐབས་བྱིན་ནིའི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ རྩ་བ་ལས་སྤངས་ཏེ་ དམ་ཚིག་ལྷད་མེད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་ནི་དང་། ཁྱད་རིག་དང་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ། འགན་འཁྲི་དང་དྭངས་གསལ། ཤ་ཞེན་ཅན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་དྲང་བདེན་གྱི་འགན་ཁག་འབག་སྟེ་ ཕྱག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ཞུ་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་འཐོབ་ཚུགས་ནི་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ གཞུང་ལས་མི་སེར་ལུ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་དགོས་མཁོ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་བྱིན་ནིའི་ལམ་ལུགས་དང་། མི་སེར་གྱི་གཞི་རྟེན་འཐོབ་དབང་དང་འགན་ཁྲི། མི་སྡེའི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་ཚུ་ འོས་འབབ་ལྡན་པའི་ས་གོ་ནང་འོས་འབབ་ཅན་གྱི་མི་ངོམ་ཚུ་ བཙག་འཐུ་འབད་ཐངས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས། ཁྲིམས་འབྲེལ་གྱི་བྱ་སྒོའི་ལམ་ལུགས། ཞི་གཡོགཔ་དང་གཞན་ཡང་མི་དམངས་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཕུལ་ནི་ལུ་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ འགན་འཁྲི་འབག་ཐངས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་དང་དྭངས་གསལ་ཅན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ དམ་ཚིག་དཔང་བཙུགས་ཏེ་འབད་དགོཔ་ཚུ་ཡང་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་གྱི་དགོངས་དོན་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;

མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་པའི་སྐབས་ གཡོ་སྒྱུ་དང་ངན་ལྷད་ཀྱི་ལཱ་ཚུ་སྤངས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རང་ལུ་ཕོག་ཡོད་པའི་འགན་ཁུར་དང་འགན་ཁྲི་འདི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ཏེ་ དམ་ཚིག་ལྷད་མེད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་ཞུ་དགོ་པའི་དམིགས་གཏད་སྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སྡེའི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་ཚུ་བཙག་འཐུ་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་རང་དང་གཞན་ཟེར་དབྱེ་བ་མ་ཕྱེས་པར་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་དང་འོས་འབབ་ཅན་གྱི་མི་ངོམ་ཚུ་དམ་འཐུ་འབད་ནི་དང་། དེའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ངན་ལྷད་ཀྱི་ལཱ་ དཔེར་ན་ ནང་གསུག་བྱིན་ནི་དང་། ཆགས་སྡང་ཕྱོགས་རིས་ཀྱི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ རྩ་བ་ལས་སྤངས་ཏེ་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་ནི་འདི་ དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་མེད་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་ཡང་ཨིན་ནོ། 
&lt;/big&gt;

=== མི་སྡེ་འཐབ་རྩོད་དང་བྲལ་ཞིང་མཐུན་སྒྲིག་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དངོས་གཞི་ ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ཡང་ན་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འཁོར་ལོ་རྣམ་དགུ་ལས་ བདུན་པ་འདི་ མི་སྡེ་འཐབ་རྩོད་དང་བྲལ་ཞིང་མཐུན་སྒྲིག་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འདི་ཨིན། མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་ ཀུན་དང་མཐུན་ལམ་བཞག་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སེམས་དང་སེམས་གཉིས་མཐུན་ཏེ་ འཐབ་རྩོད་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཞི་བདེ་འཁྲུག་པའི་རྒྱུ་མེད་པ་ཅིན་ རང་བློ་བདེ་བའི་སེམས་ཀྱི་དགའ་བ་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ མི་སྡེའི་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ནང་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་འབྱུང་སའི་གཞི་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ མཐུན་ལམ་འདི་མེད་པ་ཅིན་ཐབས་ཆག་པའི་གཞི་ཅིགཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ངོ་མ་དགའ་བ་དང་བདེ་བ་ཟེར་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ རང་ལུ་ཏི་རུ་དང་རྒྱུ་དངོས་ཡོད་མེད་ཀྱི་དགའ་བ་འདི་མེན་པར་ རང་འགྲོ་བ་མི་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ནཝ་ཚཝ་དང་ཤི་རྐྱེན་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་འབྱུང་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་ཕན་པའི་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་མི་དང་བློ་གཏད་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྱིམ་ཚང་གདང་རས་ཚུ་གིས་སྐྱོ་བའི་སྐྱོ་རོགས་འབད་དེ་ སེམས་ལུ་དགའ་བ་མྱོངས་མི་འདི་ལུ་གོཝ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

དབུ་མ་འཇུག་པ་ལས་ རྟེན་ཅིང་འབྲེལ་འབྱུང་མ་ཡིན་པའི། །ཆོས་འགའ་ཡོད་པ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ།། ཟེར་གསུང་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ སྤྱིར་འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་མ་བརྟེན་པར་ སྡོད་ནིའི་ཐབས་སོ་སོ་ཅིག་མེདཔ་ལས་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་འབྱུང་སའི་གཞི་ཡང་འདི་ལས་ལོགས་སུ་ཅིག་མེདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་འབྱུང་སའི་གཞི་རྩ་ཡང་ རང་གཞན་གཉིས་ཀའི་སེམས་ཀྱི་མནོ་དོན་གྲུབ་སྟེ་ ཡིད་ཚིམས་པའི་དགའ་བ་དང་ཞི་བདེ་ཐོབ་མི་འདི་དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་སྦེ་མེན་པར་ རང་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་གི་དོན་ལུ་མནོ་བསམ་བཏང་སྟེ་ གཞན་ལུ་མགུ་སྐོར་དང་གཡོ་སྒྱུའི་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱུ་ནོར་བསྒྲུབས་མི་འདི་གིས་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་རྩ་ལས་འཐོབ་མི་སྲིད་ནི་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ ག་ཁྱབ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ མགུ་སྐོར་དང་གཡོ་སྒྱུའི་ལཱ་འདི་ ཆོས་དང་འཇིག་རྟེན་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་མ་བཏུབ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ལཱ་ངན་འདི་ཡུན་རིངམོ་སྦེ་འབད་སྡོད་པའི་སྐབས་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་ བློ་གཏད་དང་ཡིད་ཆེས་ཉམས་ནི་དང་ ཁྱིམ་ཚང་གདང་རས་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ འབྲེལ་བ་ཉམས་ཏེ་རང་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ལུས་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཤུལ་ལས་ རྒྱུ་ནོར་འདི་མི་རྟག་པའི་རང་བཞིན་ཅིག་ཨིནམལས་ཟད་དེ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེདཔ་སྦེ་འགྱོཝ་སྲིད་ནི་དང་ རང་ལུ་རྐྱེན་ངན་ཚུ་ནམ་འབྱུང་ནི་ཨིན་ན་ཡང་མི་ཤེསཔ་ལས་ རྐྱེན་ངན་རེ་འབྱུང་བའི་སྐབས་རྒྱུ་ནོར་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་ཡོད་རུང་དོན་དག་མེདཔ་ལས་ དེ་བསྒང་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་མི་དང་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཤོས་ཅིག་ རང་གི་སྤུན་ཆ་ཚུ་དང་ཁྱིམ་ཚང་གདང་རས་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ འགོ་དང་འགོ་ལས་ར་ཡ་རབས་བཟང་པོའི་ལམ་འདི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཏེ་ ཀུན་དང་མཐུན་ལམ་བཞག་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེ།&lt;br&gt;

ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོངམ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གིས་ ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་ཏེ་ བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་པའི་སྦས་གནས་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ སྤྲུལ་པའི་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མི་དབང་རིམ་འབྱོན་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆོས་བཞིན་དུ་སྐྱོང་གནང་བའི་བཀའ་དྲིན་གྱིས་ རྒྱལ་བློན་འབངས་གསུམ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་མཐུན་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གོང་མར་བརྩི་བཀུར་དང་འོག་མར་བྱམས་སྐྱོང་བསྐྱེད་ནི་འདི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཆོས་གསུམ་གྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ང་དྲག་ཁོ་དྲག་ཟེར་བའི་ང་རྒྱལ་མེད་པར་ ལཱ་ག་ཅི་་འབད་རུང་སེམས་མཐུན་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་ཚུ་སྔར་བ་ལྷགཔ་སྦེ་འགྱོ་ནི་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ཞི་བདེ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སེམས་ཀྱི་བདེ་བ་ཚུ་ངམ་ངམ་ཤུགས་ཀྱིས་འཕེལ་ཏེ་ འགྱོ་ནིའི་ནུས་པ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;

མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ ནང་པ་ཆོས་ལྡན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ མི་སྡེ་དང་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བར་ན་ ཀུན་དང་མཐུན་ལམ་བཞག་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་གང་དྲག་ཞུ་ནི་འདི་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོངམ་ཚུ་གིས་སྲོལ་བཏོད་གནང་བའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཆོས་གསུམ་གྱི་གཞི་རྩ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ མཐུན་ལམ་འདི་ཟབ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ལོ་ཕྱུགས་རྟག་ཏུ་ལེགས། ཆར་ཆུ་དུས་ལུ་བབས་ཏེ་མི་སེར་ག་ར་གང་བར་ནང་གི་ཆུ་འཐུང་། སྤྲིན་བར་ནང་གི་ཉིམ་བསྲོ་སྟེ་ བདེ་ཞིང་སྐྱིད་པའི་ངང་ལུ་སྡོད་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་འཐོབ་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་སྡེ་འཐབ་རྩོད་དང་བྲལ་ཞིང་མཐུན་སྒྲིག་འབད་ནི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་ཟབ་མོ་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;br&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

=== འབྱུང་བ་ཁམས་གཙང་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དངོས་གཞི་ ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ ཡང་ན་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་འཁོར་ལོ་རྣམ་དགུ་ལས་ བརྒྱད་པ་འདི་ འབྱུང་བ་ཁམས་གཙང་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འདི་ཨིན། འབྱུང་བའི་ཁམས་འདི་གཙང་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བཞག་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་དང་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་རིགས་སྣ་ཚུ་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིན། རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཉམས་སྲུང་འདི་ག་དེ་སྦེ་འབད་དགོཔ་སྨོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་གནོད་པའི་འགྱིབ་ཤོག་ལ་སོགས་པ་ རུལ་མ་བཏུབ་པའི་ཅ་ཆས་ཚུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་འདི་མར་ཕབ་དགོ་པའི་ཁར་ དེ་ཚུ་ག་ལྷོད་མེ་གཏང་ནི་ལས་ཧ་ཅང་གིས་འཛེམ་དགོ་པའི་ཁར་ དེང་སང་འཛམ་གླིང་གཅིག་འགྱུར་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་གཏང་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་འཕྲུལ་རིག་ལག་ལེན་དང་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཁང་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་ཡང་མར་ཕབ་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིན། ཕྱགས་སྙིགས་ག་ལྷོད་མེ་གཏང་པ་ཅིན་ བཙོག་རླུང་འཐོན་ནི་དང་བཙོག་རླུང་དེ་གིས་ འབྱུང་བ་འཁྲུགས་ཏེ་འབྱུང་བའི་རྐྱེན་ངན་ དཔེར་ན། ས་རུད། ཆུ་རུད་དང་ རླུང་འཚུབ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་འབྱུང་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ང་བཅས་ར་འགྲོ་བ་མི་དང་སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་གི་ཞི་བདེ་མེདཔ་གཏངམ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ང་བཅས་ག་ར་གིས་འགན་ཁུར་འབག་སྟེ་ མཛེས་ཉམས་ལྡན་པའི་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་འདི་ ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ འབྱུང་བ་ཁམས་གཙང་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;

དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྩ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་འདི་ དེང་སང་དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་འབདཝ་ད་ ག་ནི་བ་མཛེས་ཉམས་ལྡན་པའི་རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་ གནོད་པ་ག་དེ་ཅིག་ཉུང་ཉུང་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ལཱ་འབད་དགོཔ་འདི་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་གི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོའི་རྩ་ཚན་ལྔ་པའི་དོན་ཚན་གསུམ་པའི་ནང་ལུ་ “གཞུང་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་བཞིན་ཐོན་ཁུངས་ཚུ་གི་སྲུང་འཛིན་དང་ སྣོད་བཅུད་ཀྱི་གནས་ལུགས་དེ་ལུ་ཉམས་ཆག་ཚུ་སྔོན་འགོག་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་ས་ཆའི་ཁྱོན་བསྡོམས་ལས་ཉུང་ཤོས་ བརྒྱ་དཔྱ་དྲུག་ཅུ་ཐམ་པ་དུས་དང་རྣམ་པ་ཀུན་ཏུ་ ནགས་ཚལ་གྱི་ཁྱབ་བརྡལ་འོག་ལུ་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ངེས་གཏན་འཐབ་དགོ་” ཟེར་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་ག་དེ་ཅིག་འགྱོ་སྟེ་འབད་རུང་ རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་འདི་ཉམས་སོ་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱུ་ནོར་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་དེ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ གྱོང་རྒུད་སྦོམ་ཕོག་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འབྱུང་བའི་ཁམས་ག་ར་འཁྲུགས་ཏེ་ སྤྱིར་འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ འབྱུང་བའི་རྐྱེན་ངན་ཚུ་ཡང་ རྒྱུན་ཆད་མེད་པར་འབྱུང་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་དང་ སྐྱེ་ལྡན་རིགས་སྣ་ཚུ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་ནི་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ག་ར་གི་འགན་ཁུར་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;

ད་རེས་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ ཚ་དྲོད་ཡར་འཕར་གྱི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚབས་ཆེན་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་དེའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ངོ་མ་ར་ དེང་སང་གི་དུས་ལུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཁང་གི་གྱངས་ཁ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཡར་འཕར་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་དང་ དེ་ནང་ལས་འཐོན་མི་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་གནོད་པའི་ནག་རླུང་གི་ཁྱབ་ཚད་ཡར་འཕར་འགྱོ་ནི་འདི་གིས་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ གནམ་ཤིས་འགྱུར་བའི་གདོང་ལེན་སྦོམ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ཡང་ བཙོག་རླུང་འདི་གིས་ འབྱུང་བ་འཁྲུགས་པའི་རྐྱེན་ངན་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ནད་མ་འོངསམ་ལས་རིམ་འགྲོ། ཆུ་མ་འོངསམ་ལས་གཡུར་བ།ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་འཆར་གཞི་ག་ཅི་ར་བརྩམས་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་ ནགས་ཚལ་ལུ་གནོད་པ་ག་དེ་ཉུང་ཉུང་གི་ཐབས་ལམ་བསྒྲིག་དགོཔ་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ མི་སེར་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་གིས་ གཅིག་མཐུན་དང་གཅིག་སྒྲིལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ འབྱུང་བ་བཞི་ལུ་བཙོག་པ་ཞུགས་མ་བཅུག་པར་ ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་འགན་ཁག་འབག་སྟེ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ དེང་སང་གི་དུས་ལུ་ དཀའ་ངལ་ཚབས་ཆེན་ཅིག་ཨིན་མི་ འཛམ་གླིང་དྲོད་འཕར་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་གནམ་གཤིས་འགྱུར་བའི་གནོད་ཉེན་བཀག་ཐབས་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་གྲུབ་སྟེ་ སྤྱིར་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ འབྱུང་བ་ཁམས་གཙང་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་འཐོབ་ཚུགས་ནི་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;

བཅུད་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ འབྱུང་བའི་ཁམས་གཙང་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་འདི་ ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིན། རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་འདི་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུཚ་དྲོད་ཡར་འཕར་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་གནམ་གཤིས་འགྱུར་བའི་གནོད་ཉེན་འབྱུང་བཞིན་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ མར་ཕབ་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་ཁར་ བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཁང་ཚུ་ལས་ཐོན་པའི་ ནག་རླུང་ཡང་ འདི་ནང་ཐིམ་ཚུགས་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ འབྱུང་བའི་ཁམས་གཙང་ཏོག་ཏོ་འགྱོ་ནི་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ཁར་ དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་མི་ འགྲོ་བ་མི་དང་སེམས་ཅན་དང་སྲོག་ཆགས་ཚུ་ག་ར་ འཚོ་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་འཐབ་ཚུགས་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་འགྲུབ་ཐབས་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ནོ།
&lt;/big&gt;
=== འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དངོས་གཞི་ ཤེས་བྱའི་གནས་ཡང་ན་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འཁོར་ལོ་རྣམ་དགུ་ལས་ དགུ་པ་འདི་ འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འདི་ཨིན། ང་བཅས་ར་ འགྲོ་བ་མིའི་ལུས་རྟེན་ཐོབ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱུ་ནོར་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ལངམ་སྦེམེད་པ་ཅིན་འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཨིན། མི་ཚེ་དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ངང་ལུ་སྐྱོང་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ དང་པ་ རང་སྡོད་སའི་ཁྱིམ་དང་བཟའ་འཐུང་ལངམ་སྦེ་དགོ་པའི་ཁར་ བུ་ལོན་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ རང་མགོ་ཐོན་པའི་འཚོ་ཐབས་དང་ལྡནམ་ཅིག་དགོ། འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་འདི་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ བཟོ་གྲྭ་དང་ཚོང་ལཱ། ལཱ་གཡོག་གི་གོ་སྐབས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་  དངུལ་གྱི་འོང་འབབ་ཚུ་ལངམ་སྦེ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ གཞུང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཚོང་ལཱ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྦྱོང་བརྡར་དང་སེམས་ཤུགས། མ་རྩ་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ སྐྱིན་འགྲུལ་གྱི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར། མི་སེར་སོ་ནམ་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་ དེང་སང་ལམ་ལུགས་དང་བསྟུན་པའི་སེམས་ཤུགས་དང་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ དཔེར་ན་ འཕྲུལ་རིག་དང་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཡར་དྲག་གི་ཐབས་ལམ་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་དགོ་པའི་ཁར་ སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཚོང་ལམ་དང་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ས་ཁོངས་ཚུ་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་དེ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ མི་སེར་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ དབུལ་ཕོངས་ཀྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་མྱོངས་ཏེ་ལུས་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བ་འགྲུབ་ཚུགས་པར་ལཱ་ཁག་གཏང་ནི་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;

ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ཡར་རྒྱས་ འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་སེར་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ འཚོ་བ་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལཱ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ མི་དབང་རིམ་འབྱོན་ཚུ་དང་གཞུང་བཟང་པོའི་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་ དེང་སང་དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡང་ སྔར་བ་ལྷག་པའི་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་གོམ་པ་མདུན་དུ་སྤོ་བའི་སྐབས་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་ མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ང་བཅས་རའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ ལཱ་འདི་འཕྲོ་མཐུད་དེ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ སེམས་ཤུགས་འཐེབ་སྦེ་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ལཱ་འདི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཏེ་སོ་ནམ་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཀྱི་ཐད་ཁར་ རང་མགོ་རང་འདྲོང་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ དངུལ་གྱི་འོང་འབབ་ཡང་འབོར་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་འཐོབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་དང་ལྟ་བ་གྲུབ་དང་འགྲུབ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ནང་པ་ཆོས་ལྡན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ མི་དབང་རིམ་བྱོན་ཚུ་ཡང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ཙང་ཙ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་སེར་ལ་ལུ་བཟའ་འཐུང་དང་སྡོད་སའི་ཁྱིམ། བཀབ་གོ་ལ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་འཚོ་བའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་མ་ལངས་པར་དཀའ་སྡུག་མྱོངས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་ཡང་ མི་དབང་མངའ་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ཐདམ་ཐད་ཁ་ལུ་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་ཏེ་ མི་སེར་དཀའ་སྡུག་མྱོངས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་ག་ར་ལུ་ སྐྱིད་སྡུག་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ཨ་ལུཚུ་ཡང་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་བཙུགས་ནིའི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་གནང་སྟེ་ ཕྱུགཔོ་དང་སྤྱང་ཀ་དབྱེ་བ་མེད་པར་ ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱང་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་བཟང་པོ་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ཡང་ མི་དབང་མངའ་ཞབས་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་བརྩེ་དང་བྱམས་བརྩེ་ཆེ་བའི་བཀའ་དྲིན་ལས་ འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་སྐྱོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ནང་བཟའ་འཐུང་མ་ལངས་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ། ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་སྡོད་སའི་ཁྱིམ་མེད་པར་ འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་ཐོ་ཕོག་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་དཀའ་སྡུག་མྱོང་མི་ག་ཡང་མེདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པར་མྱོངས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མི་སེར་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ འཚོ་བ་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལཱ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྐྱོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ གཞུང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་འཕྲལ་ཕུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་སེལ་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་རྩ་འགེངས་ཏེ་གནང་དང་གནང་བཞིན་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ཡང་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་དཀའ་སྡུག་ག་ཏེ་མྱོང་སར་ ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་ཏེ་ ས་ཞིང་དང་རྒྱུ་ནོར། ཤེས་རིག་ཡོན་ཏན། ལྟོ་དང་གོ་ལ། ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་གནང་བའི་བཀའ་དྲིན་ལས་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་འདི་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt;
=== རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ལྟེ་བའི་སྐོར། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉   རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ལྟེ་བ་འདི་ སྐྱབས་འཛིན་མི་དབང་ཨ་ཞེ་སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་འོག་ལུ་ མི་སེར་གྱི་ཁེ་མིན་ལས་ཚོགསཅིག་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་གི་མི་སེར་ལས་ཚོགས་ཚོགས་པའི་དབང་འཛིན་ནང་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༠ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༨ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ཀྱི་ལོ་ནང་ ཐོ་བཀོད་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ལྟེ་བ་དེ་ཡང་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༠ གྱི་ལོ་ནང་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོད་མི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་འཆར་གཞི་དང་ ནང་དོན་རིག་པ་ཚུ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མི་དབང་ལུ་གུས་བཏུད་བཟུམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ལྟེ་བ་དེ་གིས་ སྤྱི་སྡེའི་འགྱུར་བ་ ཡུན་བརྟན་སྦེ་མཐར་ཕྱིན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སློབ་སྦྱོང་གི་འགྱུར་བ་ལུ་ལྷན་ཐབས་འབད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་ ག་དེམ་ཅིག་གལ་ཆེཝ་ཨིན་ནའི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སྤྱིར་འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆ་མཉམ་གྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ལུ་ བརྩི་མཐོང་བསྐྱེད་ཚུགས་པའི་ཚོར་སྣང་བསྐྱེད་ནི་དང་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་ངོ་མ་འབྱུང་སའི་འཛམ་གླིང་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ལུ་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་བརྩི་མཐོང་སྐྱེད་མི་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ལྟེ་བ་གིས་ཡང་ ཡུན་བརྟན་གྱི་ཐབས་ཤེས་ཚུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་དང་མནོ་ཅན་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ གཟིགས་འབུལ་ཕུལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལཱ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (GNH Centre Bhutan, 2021)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་འདི་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏངམ་བཞིན་དུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེའི་ནང་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༠ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ལྟེ་བ་དང་མི་ཚུ་གི་རིག་རྩལ་ལས་རིམ་གཉིས་ མཉམ་འབྲེལ་འབད་དེ་ དགེ་ལེགས་ཕུག་ལུ་སྦེ་ ལས་རིམ་ཅིག་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་ ༡༡༥ དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་གར་གཉིས་ལས་ སློབ་སྟོན་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། མཉམ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ ལཱ་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དམིགས་དོན་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ རིག་རྩལ་དེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་འདི་ ག་དེམ་ཅིག་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ཨིན་ན་དང་ ལམ་སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཞལ་འཛོམས་དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ དེ་ཁར་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་མི་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་གིས་ དུས་རྒྱུན་གྱི་མི་ཚེ་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་དེ་ རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ག་དེ་སྦེ་སྐྱེ་ནི་ཨིན་ན་དང་ དགའ་བ་འདི་འཇམ་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་ ག་དེ་སྦེ་སྦྱང་ནི་ཨིན་ན་ཚུ་གི་གྲོས་འཆར་ཡང་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་དེ་ ཁོང་གི་དོན་ལུ་བལྟ་བའི་མིག་ཏོ་ ཁ་ཕྱེ་བའི་དངོས་པོ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་སྐོར་ལས་ཤེས་ཚུགས་པའི་གོ་སྐབས་གནང་མི་ལུ་བཀའ་དྲིན་ཚུ་ཡང་བསམས་ཡོདཔ་དང་།&lt;/big&gt; (GNH Centre Bhutan, 2020) &lt;big&gt;དེ་གིས་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ ཕན་པ་ཡང་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; &lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་ སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལཱ་འབད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ལུ་བརྩི་མཐོང་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་སྦྱང་བརྩོན་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ ཁོང་ན་གཞོན་ ༡༡ འབད་མི་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ལས་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཏེ་ ལོ་ངོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་རིང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་སོ་ནམ་ཚོགས་པའི་ལས་འཆར་འགོ་དང་པ་ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་ནུག། ལཱ་འབད་བའི་ནམ་དུས་ལུ་ སློབ་སྟོན་པ་གིས་ ཤ་མུ་གི་ལཱ་འབད་ཐངས་དང་ ཤ་མུ་ལུ་འབུཔ་ག་ཅི་གིས་ གནོདཔ་ཨིན་ནའབུཔ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་སྟོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལས་འཆར་ལུ་བརྟན་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་འདི་ དངོས་སུ་སྦེ་ རང་གིས་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཤེས་བྱའི་རིག་གནས་དགུ་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཐོག་ལས་ རང་གི་སེམས་དྲན་ཤེས་ཀྱི་ངང་ལུ་བཞག་ནི་ལུ་སྦྱང་བ་འབད་ནི་དང་ མི་སྡེའི་འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་ནི་ལུ་འགན་ཁུར་འབག་ནི། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཁས་བླངས་ཀྱི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ ཁོང་རའི་དུས་རྒྱུན་གྱི་ལཱ་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ དེ་ཚུ་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་སློབ་སྦྱོང་འབད་བའི་ནམ་དུས་ལུ་ ཕན་ཐབས་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལྟེ་བ་དེ་གིས་ མ་འོངས་པའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་བཟོ་ཐབས་ལུ་ སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལཱ་ཚུ་འབད་དེ་ རང་གི་གཟུགས་དང་ནང་གི་སེམས་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་བཞག་ནི་ལུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་དང་། མི་སྡེའི་གཡུས་སྒོ་ཚུ་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བཞག་ནི་དང་ བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་རེ་བ་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ མི་སྡེ་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་དང་དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང་གཉིས་ ཟུང་འབྲེལ་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་ཚུགས་པའི་དམིགས་པ་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ དེ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་དེ་ དངོས་སུ་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནིའི་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (GNH Centre Bhutan, 2021)

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། (༢༠༠༩) འབྲུག་གི་ནོར་བུ། ཐིམ་ཕུ། རྡོར་གླིང་གྲོས་ཚོགས།
# རྒྱལ་འཛིན་ཤེས་རིག་ཚོགས་སྡེ། (༢༠༡༨) འབྲུག་གི་འབྱུང་རབས། ཐིམ་ཕུག།
# རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན། (༢༠༡༢) རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་རྣམ་དགུའི་རྩོམ་ཡིག། ཐིམ་ཕུག། དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ།
# དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ། (༢༠༡༠) འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དཔལ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་མཛད་རྣམ་དེབ་ཐེར་ཆེན་མོ་བཞུགས་སོ། ཐིམ་ཕུག།
# GNH Centre Bhutan. (2020). About GNH Centre. Retrieved from Promoting GNH: http://www.gnhcentrebhutan.org
# GNH Centre Bhutan. (2021, 10 26). About GNH. Retrieved from Youth Learn GNH Values through Farming Activities: http://www.gnhcentrebhutan.org
# GNH Centre Bhutan. (2021). About GNH centre. Retrieved from About GNH Center : http://www.gnhcentrebhutan.org</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ནང་ཆོས།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-04-07T06:29:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Rpel moved page [[ནང་ཆོས། (Religion)]] to [[ནང་ཆོས།]] over redirect</comment>
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      <text bytes="308020" xml:space="preserve">=== མནོ་ཅན་སེམས་ཅན་མིའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་སྐོར། ===
&lt;big&gt;ཇི་སྐད་དུ། མངལ་འཇུག་གི་མདོ་ལས།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་བཞིན་དུ་སྐྱེ་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལོ། །རྒ་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། ། &lt;br&gt;

ན་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །འཆི་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། ། &lt;br&gt;

སྡུག་པ་དང་བྲལ་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །མི་སྡུག་པ་དང་ཕྲད་པ་ཡང་སྡུག་་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །&lt;br&gt;

གང་འདོད་པ་བརྩམས་་ཏེ་མ་རྙེད་པ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཡོད་པ་བསྲུང་དཀའ་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །  (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༠) '''དང་པོ་སྐྱེ་བ།''' སྐྱེ་གནས་ལུ་བཞི་ཡོདཔ་ད་ ཕལ་ཆེར་མངལ་ལས་སྐྱེ་བའོ།།། སེམས་ཅན་རང་སོའི་ལས་བཟང་ངན་དབང་གིས་ ཡང་མ་དག་པའི་འདུ་ཤེས་བཅུ་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། དེ་ཡང་། བདག་ནི་གཞལ་མེད་ཁང་དུ་འཇོག་གོ་སྙམ་པ་དང་། ཁང་པ་བརྩེགས་པའི་སྟེང་དུ་འཇོག་གོ་སྙམ་པ་དང་། ཁྲི་ལ་འཛེག་གོ་སྙམ་པ་དང་། རྩྭའི་སྤྱིལ་པོར་འཇུག་གོ་སྙམ་པ་དང་། ལོ་མའི་ཁྱིམ་དུ་འཇོག་གོ་སྙམ་པ་དང་། རྩྭ་གསེབ་ཏུ་འཛུལ་ལོ་སྙམ་པ་དང་། ནགས་ཀྱི་ནང་དུ་འཇུག་གོ་སྙམ་པ་དང་། རྩིག་པའི་བུ་གར་འཛུལ་ལོ་སྙམ་པ་དང་། སོག་མའི་གསེབ་ཏུ་འཛུལ་ལོ་སྙམ་དུ་སེམས་པ་སྟེ། དེ་ལྟར་སེམས་པ་དང་། ཕ་མ་འཁྲིག་པ་སྤྱོད་པ་དེ་ཐག་རིང་པོ་ནས་ཀྱང་མཐོང་ནས་དེར་འགྲོ་ཟེར་ ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ལས་གསུངས་སོ། །དེ་ཡང་དགེ་བ་ཆེན་པོ་བསགས་པའི་ སྐྱེ་གནས་རབ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ གཞལ་མེད་ཁང་དང་། ཁང་པ་བརྩེགས་པ་ལ་སོགས་མཐོང་སྟེ་དེར་བརྒལ་འགྲོའོ། །དགེ་བ་འབྲིང་དུ་བསགས་པ་དང་ སྐྱེ་གནས་འབྲིང་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ རྩྭའི་སྤྱིལ་བུ་ལ་སོགས་པ་མཐོང་སྟེ་ དེར་བརྒལ་འགྲོའོ། །དགེ་བ་མ་བསགས་པ་སྐྱེ་གནས་ངན་པ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ རྩིག་པའི་བུ་ག་ལ་སོགས་པ་མཐོང་སྟེ་ དེར་བརྒལ་འགྲོའོ། །ག་དེམ་ཅི་སྦེ་་རང་ཕོའི་ལུས་ལུ་ སྐྱེ་བ་ལེན་ནི་ཨིན་པ་ཅིན་ ཕ་མ་གཉིས་འཁྲིག་པ་སྤྱོད་པའི་སྐབས་ མ་ལུ་ཆགས་པ་སྐྱེ་ནི་དང་ ཕ་ལུ་ཞེ་སྡང་སྐྱེ་སྟེ་འགྲོའོ།། དེ་ལས་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་་རང་མོ་ལུས་ལུ་ སྐྱེ་བ་ལེན་ནི་ཨིན་པ་ཅིན་ ཕ་ལུ་ཆགས་པ་དང་ མ་ལུ་ཞེ་སྡང་སྐྱེ་སྟེ་འགྲོའོ། །དེ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ ཞག་བདུན་ཕྲག་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་བརྒྱད་མངལ་དུ་གནས་དགོཔ་མས། ཟླཝ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་བརྒྱད་དམ། ཟླ་བ་དགུ་འམ་བཅུ་གི་བར་མངལ་དུ་གནས་དགོཔ་ཨིན། མངལ་ནང་ཨ་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐབས་ མ་གིས་ཟས་ག་ཅི་ཟ་རུང་ ཨ་ལུའི་དོན་ལུ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རྒྱུ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་མ་གིས་ཟས་ཚ་ཏོམ་ཟཝ་ད་ ཚ་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། ཁོད་སི་སིའི་ཟས་ཟཝ་ད་ ཨ་ལུ་གྲང་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་འོང་། དེ་ལས་ཨ་ལུ་ཆགས་ཡོད་པའི་ ཕ་མ་གཉིས་འཁྲིག་པ་སྤྱོད་པ་ཅིན་ ཨ་ལུ་ལུ་ལྕགས་རྣོས་ཁེག་ཁེ་གིས་ བརྡུང་དོ་བཟུམ་མའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡོད། མངལ་གྱི་གནས་སྐབས་ལྔ་། མེར་མེར་པོ་དང་། ནུར་ནུར་པོ་དང་། ལྟར་ལྟར་པོ་དང་། མཁྲང་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། རྐང་ལག་འགྱུར་བའོ། མངལ་འཇུག་གི་མདོ་ལས།&lt;br&gt;
དང་པོ་མེར་མེར་པོ་ལས་ནི།། ཤ་ཡི་ཆུ་བུར་སྐྱེ་བར་འགྱུར།།&lt;br&gt;
ཆུ་བུར་ལས་ནི་ལྟར་ལྟར་སྐྱེ།། ལྟར་ལྟར་པོ་ནི་མཁྲང་བར་འགྱུར།།&lt;br&gt;
མཁྲང་བ་རྣམ་པར་འགྱུར་ནས་ནི།། མགོ་དང་ཡན་ལག་བཞི་སྐྱེས་པས།།&lt;br&gt;
རུས་པ་འདུས་ནས་ལུས་གྲུབ་པ།། ཐམས་ཅད་ལས་ནི་རྒྱུ་ལས་བྱུང་།། (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས ༧༤) &lt;br&gt;

མེར་མེར་པོའི་སྐབས་ བདུན་ཕྲག་དང་པོ་ལས་མའི་མངལ་དུ་ རྫམ་ཚ་ཏོམ་ནང་བཙོ་དོ་བཟུམ་ མི་བཟོད་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོ། དེའི་དབྱིབས་འབྲས་ཀྱི་ཁུ་བ་དང་འདྲའོ།། ནུར་ནུར་པོའི་སྐབས་ བདུན་ཕྲག་གཉིས་པ་ལུ་ དེའི་དབྱིབས་ཨོ་ཞག་ཟས་དང་འདྲའོ།། ལྟར་ལྟར་པོའི་སྐབས་ བདུན་ཕྲག་གསུམ་པ་ལུ་ དེའི་དབྱིབས་འབུཔ་གྱོག་མོ་དང་འདྲའོ།། དེ་ལས་བདུན་ཕྲག་བདུན་པ་ལུ་ ལགཔ་དང་རྐངམ་གཉིས་བྱུང་སྟེ་ མི་སྟོབས་དང་ལྡན་པའི་མི་གིས་ རྐང་ལག་གཉིས་འཐེན་འདྲུད་དང་། བཀོ་བ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འབྱུང་བ་དང་། བདུན་ཕྲག་བཅུ་གཅིག་ལུ་ བུ་ག་དགུ་འབྱུང་བའི་ཚེ་ རྨ་གསརཔ་མཛུབ་མོ་གིས་སློང་བ་དང་འདྲ་བའི་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡོད། མཐའ་མཇུག་ལུ་མའི་མངལ་ལས་འབྱུང་བའི་སྐབས་ ལ་ལུ་མངལ་ནང་ཤི། ལ་ལུ་མ་དང་མཉམ་ཤི། དེ་ལས་མ་ཤི་རུང་ རང་གི་ལུས་རྩིགཔ་གུར་ ཤུགས་འཕྱག་པ་ཙམ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡོད། གཉིས་པ་རྒ་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། དེ་ཡང་མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་བཅུ་ཐམ་ཡོད་དེ། གཟུགས་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། སྐྱ་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། པགས་ཀོ་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། ཁ་དོག་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། སྟོབས་ཤུགས་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། གཟི་བརྗིད་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། བསོད་ནམས་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། ནད་མེད་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། སེམས་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། གནས་སྐབས་མཐའ་མཇུག་ལུ་ཤི། ཟེར་ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ལས་གསུངས་སོ། །'''གཟུགས་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ།''' ཧེ་མ་གཟུགས་ཕྲང་ཏང་ཏ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ལོ་ན་རྒསཔ་ད་སྒལ་ཏོ་མར་བཀུག་སྟེ་འགྱོ་འོང་། །'''སྐྱ་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ།''' སྐྱ་གནགཔོ་འཇམ་ཅུག་ཅུ་འོད་ཆེམ་ཆེ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ གེ་ར་དཀརཔོ་དང་། དཔྱལ་ཐེ་ལུ་འགྱོ་འོང་། །'''པགས་ཀོ་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ།''' པགས་ཀོ་མཛེས་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ གཉེར་མ་ཆགས་ནི་དང་། བཅག་དཀྲུམ་འབད་འབདཝ་བཟུམ་འགྱོ་འོང་། །ཁ་དོག་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ། དགོང་འོད་ཆེམ་ཆེ་དང་། མེ་ཏོག་པདྨ་ཁ་རྒྱས་པ་བཟུམ་ཡོད་མི་འདི། སྐྱ་སེར་མེ་ཏོག་རྙིངམ་བཟུམ་འགྱོ་འོང་། །'''སྟོབས་ཤུགས་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ།''' སྙིང་སྟོབས་དང་སྤྲོ་སེམས་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་གེ་ར། སྟོབས་ཉམས་ཏེ་ ལུས་དང་སེམས་གཉིས་ག་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་སྤྲོ་བ་མེདཔ་སྦེ་འགྱོ་འོང་། ། གཟི་བརྗིད་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ། ཧེ་མ་གུས་ཞབས་དང་བསྟོད་པ་ཡོད་རུང་། རྒསཔ་ད་དོན་མེད་ཀྱི་མིའི་མིག་ཁར་ཡང་མི་མཛེས་ནི་དང་། འཇིགས་སྣང་ཆེ་ནི་དང་། དེ་ལས་བུ་ཚའི་བློ་བཙོང་དུ་ཆེ་བར་འགྱོ་འོང་། །'''བསོད་ནམས་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ།''' རང་གི་རྒྱུ་ནོར་དང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ག་དེ་ཅིག་ཡོད་རུང་། རྒསཔ་ད་ལུས་ཀྱི་དྲོད་མི་ཚོར། ཁ་གིས་རོ་མི་ཚོར་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལུ་འགྱོ་འོང་། །'''ནད་མེད་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ།''' ནད་ཆེ་ཤོས་འདི་ལོ་ན་རྒས་པའི་ནད་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ནད་གཞན་ཐམས་ཅད་དེ་ལས་དྲངས་སྟེ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལོ། །'''སེམས་ཡོངས་སུ་འགྱུར་བ།''' བློ་སླབ་མི་དང་ལཱ་འབད་མི་ཚུ་ འདི་འཕྲོ་ལས་ར་བརྗེད་དེ་སེམས་ནུས་པ་མེདཔ་འགྱོ་འོང་།།'''གནས་སྐབས་མཐའ་མཇུག་ལུ་ཤི་བ'''། མཇུག་ལུ་དབུགས་མ་ལངམ་འགྱོ། སྒྲ་ངར་ངར་པོ་འབྱུང་། དེ་ལས་མི་རྟག་པ་ལ་ཐག་ཉེ་བའོ། །དེ་ཡང་འཕགས་པ་རྒྱ་ཆེ་རོལ་པ་ལས། (༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༧) རྒས་པས་གཟུགས་སྡུག་གཟུགས་ནི་མི་སྡུག་བྱེད། །རྒས་པས་གཟི་བརྗིད་འཕྲོག་ཅིང་མཐུ་སྟོབས་ཉམས། །རྒས་པས་བདེ་བ་འཕྲོག་ཅིང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བསྐྱེད། །རྒས་པས་འཆི་བྱེད་རྒས་པས་མདངས་ཀྱང་འཕྲོག ། ཅེས་གསུངས་སོ། ། '''གསུམ་པ་ན་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ།''' མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ན་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྣམས་པ་བདུན་ལུ་བསྡུ་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་འཕགས་པ་རྒྱ་ཆེ་རོལ་པའི་མདོ་ལས། ནད་བརྒྱ་མང་དང་ནད་འཐིབས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱིས། །འགྲོ་བ་གཙོས་ཏེ་མི་ཡི་ཡི་དྭགས་བཞིན། །ཟེར་གསུངས་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ། ན་ཟུག་དྲག་པོ་ཅིག་གིས་བཏབ་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། དཔྱད་པ་རྩུབ་མོ་བྱེད་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། སྨན་ཚ་བ་ཟེར་ཁབ་ལ་སོགས་ལ་བརྟེན་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། བཟའ་འཐུང་ཞིམ་པ་ཐོབ་འདོད་ཡོད་ཀྱང་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། སྨན་བཅོས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ཁ་བསྲུང་འབད་དགོས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། བསགས་བསགས་པའི་རྒྱུ་ནོར་ཚུ་ཟད་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། ཤི་བ་དོགས་པའི་ཕྱིར་དུ་དཀའ་བ་སྤྱད་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བཅས་བདུན་ཡོད་ཟེར་ ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ལས་གསུངས་སོ། །'''བཞི་པ་འཆི་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི།''' རང་ཤི་རན་པའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ཟ་ཁམས་བཀག། སྐྱབས་འབད་མི་ག་ཡང་མེད། གཉེན་དང་གྲོགས་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤི་བའི་རྐྱེན་འདི་ལས་དོགས་ཚུགས་མི་ག་ཡང་མེད། ཁ་སྐོམ་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་། གཟུགས་ཀྱི་སྟོབས་ཤུགས་ནི་ཉམས། ཁ་ཆུ། ཆུ་སེར། ལྷབ་་ལ་སོགས་པའི་མི་གཙང་བ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ནི་ལུས་གང་། རང་གི་ཆབ་གསང་རང་གིས་བསྡམས་་མ་ཚུགསཔ་ཐལ་བའི་བསྒང་་ལས་ སྨན་པ་ཚུ་གིས་རྒྱབ་བསྐྱུར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་ འབྱུང་བ་བཞི་གེ་ར་ཉམས་འགྱོ་འོང་། །'''ལྔ་པ་སྡུག་པ་དང་བྲལ་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ།''' རང་གི་ཕ་མ་བུ་ཚ་ སྤུན་ཆ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཤི་བའི་ཚེ། མྱ་ངན་དང་། གདུང་བ་དང་། ངུ་འབོད་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཚད་མེད་པ་ཡོད། '''དྲུག་པ་མི་སྡུག་པ་དང་འཕྲད་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ།''' དགྲ་བྱང་ཕྱད་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ འཐབ་རྩོད་འབད་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡོད།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ལྷ་དང་ལྷ་མིན་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་སྐོར། ===
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱིར་ལྷ་གེ་ར་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་དང་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཡོད་རུང་ སེམས་གཡེང་པའི་དབང་གིས་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་སྒྲུབ་པའི་མནོ་བསམ་མི་གཏང་། ད་ལྟོ་ཚེ་རིང་བའི་བར་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ངང་ལུ་སྡོད་རུང་ དུས་ནམ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ད་ ཚེ་ཟད་དེ་ཤི་ནི་ཡོད། ལྷ་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་ཅིན་འདོད་ཁམས་ཀྱི་ལྷ་དང། གཟུགས་ཁམས་ཀྱི་ལྷ་དང། གཟུགས་མེད་ཀྱི་ལྷ་བཅས་གསུམ་ཡོད། རྒྱལ་ཆེན་རིགས་བཞི་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ འདོད་ལྷ་རིགས་དྲུག་ཚུན་ ལྷ་འཆི་འཕོ་ལྟུང་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོ། དེ་ཡང་ཤི་བའི་སྐབས་ འཆི་འཕོའི་རྟགས་ལྔ་ཤར་ནི་ཡོད། གོས་ལུ་དྲི་མ་འབྱུང་བ་དང། མེ་ཏོག་ཕྲེང་བ་རྙིངམ་འགྱུར་བ་དང། ཨེ་ཙི་གཉིས་ཀྱི་འོག་ལས་ རྔུལ་ཆུ་འབྱུང་བ་དང། ལུས་ལུ་དྲིམ་ཧུ་ཧུ་འབྱུང་བ་དང། རང་གི་སྡོད་ས་ལུ་མི་དགའ་བ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་ལྔའོ། ། རྟགས་ལྔ་དེ་རྣམས་ བྱུང་བའི་ཚེ་རང་གིས་ཤེས་ཏེ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང། གཞན་ལྷ་རྣམས་དང་ ལྷའི་བུ་མོ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ཡང་དེ་ ཤི་ནི་ཨིན་སྦེ་ཟེར་ཤེས་ཏེ་ མེ་ཏོག་ཚུ་འཐོར། དེ་ལས་ཁྱོད་ཤི་སྟེ་མི་ཡུལ་ལུ་སྐྱེས་སྦེ་ དགེ་བ་བསྒྲུབས་ཏེ་ལོག་ལྷ་ཡུལ་ལུ་ སྐྱེ་བར་ཤོག་ཅིག། ཟེར་བའི་སྨོན་ལམ་བཏབ་དོ་མས། ད་རུང་རང་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལྷའི་ཞག་བདུན་གྱི་བར་མྱོང་དགོཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;

འདོད་ཁམས་ཀྱི་ལྷ་ཚུ་ལྷ་མིན་དང་འཐབ་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང། འདོད་པ་མ་ངོམས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང། འཇིགས་སྣང་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང། བཅད་པ་དང། བརྡུང་བ་དང། གསོད་པ་དང། མཐར་བཤུད་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡང་མྱོང་དགོ། འདོད་པའི་ལྷ་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་དྲུག་ཡོད་དེ། རྒྱལ་ཆེན་རིས་བཞི་དང། སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ་དང། འཐབ་བྲལ་དང། དགའ་ལྡན་དང། འཕྲུལ་དགའ་དང། གཞན་འཕྲུལ་དབང་བྱེད་བཅས་དྲུག་གོ། 
གཟུགས་ཁམས་ཀྱི་ལྷ་རྣམས་ནི་ འདོད་པ་ལས་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་གནས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ ཁྱད་དུ་འཕགས་པ་ཨིན་མི་འདི་ འདོད་པ་ལས་འདས་ཏེ་རང་སོའི་ཉོན་མོངས་རྒྱས་རུང་ གཟུགས་མཆོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པའི་ཁམས་ཨིན་ནོ། ། དེ་ལས་གཟུགས་མེད་ཁམས་ནི་ གཟུགས་མེད་ཀྱི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་ཐོབ། གཟུགས་མེད་ཀྱི་མིང་བཞིའི་ཕུང་པོ་གྲུབ་སྟེ་ གཟུགས་མེད་ལུ་སྐྱེ་བ་ཨིན། རྒྱུ་བཟང་ངན་མི་འདྲ་བ་སྐྱེ་བ་ལས་ ནམ་མཁའ་མཐའ་ཡས་དང། རྣམ་ཤེས་མཐའ་ཡས་དང། ཅི་ཡང་མེད་དང། འདུ་ཤེས་མེད་འདུ་ཤེས་མེད་མིན་སྟེ་བཞི་བཞགཔ་ཨིན། གོང་མ་གཟུགས་ཁམས་དང་གཟུགས་མེད་ཁམས་ཀྱི་ལྷ་རྣམས་ དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཅུང་ཙམ་ཡོད་རུང་ གནས་རིས་ཁམས་འོག་མ་ལྟུང་བ་ཡིན་པ་ན་ ལས་ཀྱིས་དབང་གི་དུས་ནམ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ད་ ལྷ་འོག་མ་ལུ་སྐྱེས་ཏེ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རང་བཞིན་ལས་ མཐར་ས་མེད་དེ། སློབ་དཔོན་ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ་ཀྱིས། (༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༦) ཚངས་ཉིད་ཆགས་བྲལ་བདེ་བ་ཐོབ་ནས་སླར། །མནར་མེད་མེ་ཡི་བུད་ཤིང་གྱུར་པ་ནི། །སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྒྱུན་མི་ཆད་པ་བརྟེན་འཚལ་ལོ། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ་། ། གཟུགས་ཁམས་དང་གཟུགས་མེད་ཁམས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ལྷ་ཚུ་ འཆི་འཕོ་དང་གནས་ལ་རང་དབང་མེད། དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་བདེ་འགྲོ་དང་མཐོ་རིས་ཚུ་ཡང་ ལས་ཟད་པ་དང་ངན་སོང་ལུ་ལྟུང་བ་ཨིན། དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ འཁོར་བ་ནི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རང་བཞིན་མེ་འབར་བའི་ཁྱིམ་བཟུམ་ཨིན། འཁོར་བ་ནང་བདེ་བ་ཟེར་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ རྩེ་ཙམ་ཡང་མེད། མངལ་འཇུག་གི་མདོ་ལས། (༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༨༠ ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་) ཀྱེ་མ་ཀྱི་ཧུད། སྲིད་པ་འཁོར་བའི་རྒྱ་མཚོ་འདི་ནི་འབར་བ། རབ་ཏུ་འབར་བ། མཆོག་ཏུ་འབར་བ། ཤིན་ཏུ་འབར་བ་མཆོག་ཏུ་འབར་བ་ཡིན་པས། སེམས་ཅན་འགའ་ཙམ་ཡང་དེས་མ་བཅོས་པ་མེད་དོ། ། རབ་ཏུ་འབར་བར་བྱེད་པའི་མེ་འདི་ ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ལུ་སླབ་སྨོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན། འདོད་ཆགས་དང། ཞེ་སྡང་དང། གཏི་མུག་གི་མེ་དང། སྐྱེ་བ་དང། རྒ་བ་དང། འཆི་བའི་མེ་དང། མྱ་ངན་དང། སྔུ་ནི་དང། ཡིད་མི་བདེ་བ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་མེ་གིས་ དུས་རྒྱུན་འཚིགས་ཏེ་ འབའ་ཞིག་ཡང་དེ་ལས་ཐར་པ་མེད་དོ། ། &lt;br&gt;

འཁོར་བའི་ཉེས་དམིགས་ལས་འབྲས་ཚུ་བསྒོམས་པ་ལས་ སྲིད་པའི་བདེ་བ་ལ་ཆགས་པའི་གཉེན་པོར་འགྱུར་བ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ཡབ་སྲས་མཇལ་བའི་མདོ་ལས། (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༨༡) འཁོར་བའི་ཉེས་དམིགས་མཐོང་བ་ན། །སྐྱོ་བའི་སེམས་ནི་རབ་ཏུ་སྐྱེ། །ཁམས་གསུམ་བརྩོན་ར་འཇིགས་པས་ན། །བརྩོན་པའི་སེམས་ཀྱིས་སྤོང་བར་བྱེད། ། གཟུགས་ཁམས་ཀྱི་ལྷ་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་བཅུ་བདུན་ཡོད་དེ། བསམ་གཏན་དང་པོ་ན། ཚངས་རིས་དང། ཚངས་པའང་མདུན་ན་འདོན་དང། ཚངས་ཆེན་བཅས་གསུམ་དང། བསམ་གཏན་གཉིས་པ་ནང། འོད་ཆུང་དང། འོད་ཆེན་དང། འོད་གསལ་ཏེ་གསུམ་དང། བསམ་གཏན་གསུམ་པ་ནང། བདེ་ཆུང་དང། ཚད་མེད་བདེ་དང། བདེ་རྒྱས་ཏེ་གསུམ་དང། བསམ་གཏན་བཞི་པ་ནང། སྤྲིན་མེད་དང། བསོད་ནམས་སྐྱེས་དང། འབྲས་བུ་ཆེ་བ་སྟེ་གསུམ་དང། མི་ཆེ་བ་དང། མི་གདུང་བ་དང། གྱ་ནོམ་སྣང་བ་དང། ཤིན་ཏུ་མཐོང་བ་དང། འོག་མིན་ཟེར་འཕགས་པའི་གནས་ལྔ་བཅས་བཅུ་བདུན་ནོ། ། ཆོས་མངོན་པར་མཛོད་ལས།  གོང་མའི་གནས་དག་བཅུ་བདུན་ནི། །གཟུགས་ཁམས་ཡིན་དེར་སོ་སོ་ཡི། །བསམ་གཏན་ས་ནི་གསུམ་པ་ཡིན། །བཞི་པ་ས་ནི་བརྒྱད་པ་ཡིན། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ། །&lt;br&gt;

ལྷ་ཚུ་གི་ཚེ་ཚད་ནི། མཛོད་ལས།&lt;br&gt;

མི་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ལོ་ལྔ་བཅུ་ལ། །འདོད་པ་དག་གི་ལྷ་རྣམས་ལས། །&lt;br&gt;

འོག་མ་དག་གི་ཉིན་མཚན་མེད་ཚེ་ནི། །དེས་ན་ཚེ་ལོ་ལྔ་བརྒྱའོ། །&lt;br&gt;

གོང་མ་གཉིས་ཀ་ཉིན་ཞག་གཅིག། །གཟུགས་མེད་བསྐལ་པ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་ནི། །&lt;br&gt;

ཉི་ཤུ་ལྷག་པས་ལྷག་པ་ཡིན། །འོད་ཆུང་ནས་བཟུང་བསྐལ་ཆེན་ཏེ། །&lt;br&gt;

དེ་ཡི་འོག་མ་ཕྱེད་ཡིན་ནོ། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ། །(༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༦)&lt;br&gt;

ལྷའི་ཡུལ་ལུ་སྐྱེས་ཏེ་འཆི་འཕོ་ལྟུང་གི་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོ་པའི་རྒྱུ་གཙོ་བོ་ནི་ ང་རྒྱལ་གྱི་ལས་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་ལུ་ལྷའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་ཆ་འདྲ་བ་ཡོད་པའི་གུར་ང་རྒྱལ་དང། ཕྲག་དོག་དང། འཐབ་རྩོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡོད། དེ་ལྟར་ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ལས། (༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༩) ལྷ་མིན་དག་ནི་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ལྷ་ཡི། །དཔལ་ལ་སྡང་ཕྱིར་ཡིན་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཆེ། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ། ། སྤྱིར་འབྱོར་པ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་སོགས་ ལྷ་དང་འགྲན་ནུས་ཙམ་ཡོད་རུང་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་ར་མ་རིག་དུག་པ་ ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ཕྲག་དོག་གི་ལས་ལུ་གོམས་པ་ལས། ལུས་རྟེན་དེ་ཡང་ཕྲག་དོག་གི་འདུ་ཤེས་སྦོམ་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་སྐྱེས། རང་གི་གནས་ནའམ་གནས་གཞན་ལུ་ མ་མཐུན་པ་ལས་འཐབ་རྩོད་སོགས་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོ། དེ་ལས་ལྷའི་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ཚུ་ དཔག་བསམ་གྱི་ཤིང་ལས་བྱུངམ་ལས་ ཤིང་དེའི་རྩ་བ་ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་ཡུལ་ན་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ། འབྲས་བུ་འདི་ལྷའི་ཡུལ་ན་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཕྲག་དོག་མི་བཟོད་པ་སྐྱེས་ཏེ་ ལྷ་དང་འཐབ་པའི་ཚེ་ ལྷ་རྣམས་ནི་མགུ་ཏོ་བཅད་དེ་ཤིཝ་མ་གཏོགས་ ལུས་གཞན་ལུ་མཚོན་ཆ་ ག་བཟུམ་གྱིས་གནོད་པ་རྐྱབ་རུང་ ལོག་བདུད་རྩིས་འཐུང་པ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ རྨ་ཐམས་ཅད་ག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་དྲག་ནི་ཡོདཔ་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ད་ ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་ཚུ་ལུས་ལུ་གནོད་པ་རྐྱབ་ཅིག་ཤིཝ་ལས་ འཐབ་རྩོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དཔག་ཏུ་མེདཔ་མྱོང་དགོ། &lt;br&gt;

ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་གྱི་ཚེ་ཚད་ནི། དྲན་པ་ཉེར་བཞག་ལས། མི་ལོ་ལྔ་བཅུ་བརྒྱ་ལ་ཉིན་ཞག་གཅིག་ཏུ་བྱས་པའི་རང་ལོ་ལྔ་སྟོང་སྒྲ་གཅན་གྱིས་ཐུབ་ཅིང། མི་ལོ་དྲུག་བརྒྱ་ལ་ཉིན་ཞག་གཅིག་ཏུ་བྱས་པའི་རང་ལོ་དྲུག་སྟོང་མགུལ་ཕྲེང་དང་བརྟན་པས་ཐུབ་ལ། མི་ལོ་བདུན་བརྒྱ་ལ་ཉིན་ཞག་གཅིག་ཏུ་བྱས་པའི་རང་ལོ་བདུན་སྟོང་མེ་ཏོག་ཕྲེང་གིས་ཐུབ་པར་གསུངས་སོ།། (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༥)&lt;/big&gt;  

=== འགྲོ་བ་རིགས་དྲུག། ===
&lt;big&gt;འགྲོ་བ་ལུ་ངན་སོང་གསུམ་དང་ མཐོ་རིས་གསུམ་བཅས་དྲུག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མཐོ་རིས་གསུམ་ན་འཕོ་ལྟུང་དང་ སྐྱེ་རྒ་ན་འཆིའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། ངན་སོང་གསུམ་ན་བཀྲེས་སྐོམ་དང་ ཚ་གྲང་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཟེར་ སོ་སོར་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འཁོར་བ་ནང་ཚར་གཅིག་སྐྱེས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་མྱོང་ར་མྱོང་དགོ། མདོ་དྲན་པ་ཉེར་བཞག། (ཕྱག་ཆེན་སྔོན་འགྲོའི་ངག་འདོན་རྡོ་རྗེའི་གྲོང་འདྲེན་ཤིང་རྟའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་འབྱེད་པའི་འབྲུ་འགྲེལ་ངེས་ཤེས་སྒྲོན་མེ ༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༦༡) གིས་ འཁོར་བ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྩེ་ཙམ་ལ།། བདེ་བ་ནམ་ཡང་ཡོད་མ་ཡིན།། ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ འཁོར་བ་ན་བདེ་བ་ སྤུ་ཙམ་ཡང་མེད་ཟེར་ཨིན་པས། དེའི་ཐབས་ལུ་ ང་བཅས་འགྲོ་བ་མ་རིག་པ་གི་ རྨོངས་ཏེ་སྡོད་མི་མནོ་ཅན་དང་ མནོ་མེད་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས་ སངས་རྒྱས་དགོཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
'''ངན་སོང་གསུམ་ལས་དང་པོ་དམྱལ་བའི་སྐོར།''' དམྱལ་བའི་དབྱེ་བ་དང་། ག་ཏེ་ལུ་གནསཔ་ཨིན་ན་དང་། སྡུག་བསྔལ་ག་ཅི་ར་མྱོངམ་ཨིན་ན་དང་། ཚེ་ཚད་ཚུའི་སྐོར་ལས་ཞུ་བ་ཅིན། '''དང་པ་དམྱལ་བ་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་ནི་།''' ཚ་དམྱལ་བརྒྱད་དང་། གྲང་དམྱལ་བརྒྱད་དང་། ཉེ་འཁོར་བ་དང་། ཉེ་ཚེ་བ་བཅས་སྡོམ་སྟེ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་ཡོད། འདི་ཚུ་ལས་ཚ་དམྱལ་བརྒྱད་ ག་ཏེ་ལུ་གནསཔ་ཨིན་ན་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན། འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་འདིའི་འོག་ན་གནས་ཡོདཔ་ད། དང་པོ་མནར་མེད་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་དང་། དེའི་གུ་ལུ་ཚ་བ་དང་། ངུ་འབོད་ཆེན་པོ་དང་། ངུ་འབོད་དང་། བསྡུས་འཇོམས་དང་། ཐིག་ནག་དང་། ཡང་སོས་རྣམས་ཨིན་ནོ།། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཆོས་མངོན་པར་མཛོད། (དམ་ཆོས་ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུ་ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོང་གྲངས་ ༥༩) གིས་ འདི་འོག་སྟོང་ཕྲག་ཉི་ཤུ་ན། །མནར་མེད་པའོ་དེ་ཙམ་མོ། །དེ་ཡི་སྟེང་ན་དམྱལ་བ་བདུན། ། ཟེར་གསུངས་ནུག། དེ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་ག་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ མྱོངམ་སྨོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན། '''དང་པ་ཡང་སོས་ནང་།''' ལས་ཀྱི་དབང་གིས་སྦེ་ ལུས་ངན་རེ་སྒྲུབ་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ དམྱལ་བ་གཅིག་གི་གཅིག་ནང་ ཕན་ཚུན་ཁོང་ཁྲོ་དང་ཞེ་སྡང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཚོན་ཆ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ དམར་གསོད་དང་དམག་འཛིང་འབད་དེ། ཤི་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ནམ་མཁའ་ལས་ ཡང་སོས་པར་གྱུར་ཅིག་ཟེར་སྒྲ་གྲགས་མ་ཐག་ཏུ་ སྔར་ག་ཨིནམ་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ ད་རུང་འཐབ་སྟེ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ ཚེ་མ་ཟད་ཚུན་མྱོང་དགོ་ནི་ཨིན་པས། དེའི་ཚེ་ཚད་འདི་མིའི་ལོ་ཚད་ལྟར་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་འབུམ་དྲུག་ཁྲི་ཉིས་སྟོང་ཨིན་པས།  '''གཉིས་པ་ཐིག་ནག་ནང་།''' ཐིག་ནག་པོ་ཅིག་གི་ བཞི་བརྒྱད་བཅུ་དྲུག་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་གཉིས་སྦེ་ ཚད་འཇལ་ཏེ་ མེ་རབ་ཏུ་འབར་བའི་སོག་ལེ་དང་སྟ་རེ་གིས་ དྲ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་མས། ཇི་སྐད་དུ། (དམ་ཆོས་ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུ་ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོང་གྲངས་ ༥༩) གིས་ ཁ་ཅིག་སོག་ལེས་དྲ་་སྟེ་དེ་བཞིན་གཞན། །སྟ་རེ་མི་བཟོད་སོ་སྣ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་བཞོག། ཟེར་གསུངས་སོ། ། དེའི་ཚེ་ཚད་མིའི་ལོ་ལྟར་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་བཅུ་གཉིས་དང་བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་དགུ་ཁྲི་དྲུག་སྟོང་ཨིན་པས། '''གསུམ་པ་བསྡུས་འཇོམས་ནང་།''' སེམས་ཅན་གྲངས་མེད་ཚུ་བསྡུས་ཏེ་ རི་དང་པང་ལེབ་ཆེན་པོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ འཇོམས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། ཡང་ཤི་སྟེ་རླུང་གྲང་པོ་ཕུར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ལུས་སྔར་བཞིན་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ ད་རུང་ཡང་པང་ལེབ་དང་རི་ཆེན་པོའི་བར་འཇོམས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། དེའི་ཚེ་ཚད་མིའི་ལོ་ལྟར་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་སུམ་འབུམ་དྲུག་ཁྲི་བརྒྱད་སྟོང་ཨིན་པས། '''བཞི་པ་ངུ་འབོད་ནང་།''' སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་ལྕགས་ཀྱི་ཁྱིམ་སྦོམ་ སྒོ་དང་སྒོ་ཅུང་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པའི་ནང་ གཟུགས་གེ་ར་འཚིགས་ཏེ་ འཇིགས་པའི་སྐད་རྐྱབ། དེ་ལས་སྔུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མི་ཡང་ངུ་འབོད་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་པས། དེའི་ཚེ་ཚད་མིའི་ལོ་ལྟར་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་ས་ཡ་གཉིས་དང་། བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་དགུ་འབུམ་བཞི་ཁྲི་བཞི་སྟོང་སྡོད་དགོཔ་ཨིན་པས། '''ལྔ་པ་ངུ་འབོད་ཆེན་པོ་ནང་།''' སྔར་བཞིན་དུ་གཟུགས་གེ་ར་ འཚིགས་ཏེ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོངམ་ལས་ ཤུགས་སྦེ་སྔུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ངུ་འབོད་ཆེན་པོ་ཟེར་བཏགས་ནུག། དེའི་ཚེ་ཚད་མིའི་ལྟར་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་བྱེ་བ་དྲུག་ཅུ་རྩ་དྲུག་དང་། བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་ས་ཡ་གསུམ་དང་། བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་ལྔ་འབུམ་ལྔ་ཁྲི་གཉིས་སྟོང་མྱོང་དགོཔ་ཨིན་པས། '''དྲུག་པ་ཚ་བ་ནང་།''' ལྕགས་ཀྱི་གཞོང་པ་ཁྲོ་ཆུ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ནང་ སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོཔ་དང་། ཁྲོ་ཆུ་ཁོལ་མར་བླུགས་ཏེ་འཚིགས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོཔ་མས། དེའི་ཚེ་ཚད་མིའི་ལོ་ལྟར་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་བྱེ་བ་ལྔ་བརྒྱ་དང་། བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་བྱེ་བ་བཅུ་དང་། བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་ས་ཡ་བརྒྱད་དང་། བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་བཞི་འབུམ་དང་། བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་ཁྲི་དྲུག་སྟོང་སྡོད་དགོཔ་མས། '''བདུན་པ་རབ་ཏུ་ཚ་བ་ནང་།''' སྔར་བཞིན་ཁྲོ་ཆུ་ཁོལ་མར་བླུགས་ཏེ་ ཁོག་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་འཚིགས། བུ་ག་དགུ་ལས་མེ་འབྱུང་བ་དང་། བཤང་ལམ་ལས་རྐང་པའི་མཐིལ་ཆ་ཉམས་ མེ་གིས་རབ་ཏུ་ཚ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། དེའི་ཚེེ་ཚད་མིའི་ལོ་ལྟར་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བར་གྱི་བསྐལ་པ་ཕྱེད་མྱོང་དགོཔ་མས།&lt;br&gt;
'''བརྒྱད་པ་མནར་མེད་ནང་།''' སྔར་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བདུན་པོ་ལས་ལྷགཔ་སྦེ་ དུས་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ལྕགས་ཀྱི་ཁང་པ་ནང་ ཕྱོགས་བཞི་ལས་མེ་གི་ཁྲོ་ཆུ་ནང་ བསྐོལ་ཏེ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བར་མཚམས་མེད་པར་ མྱོང་ནི་འདི་གིས་མནར་མེད་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། '''ཉེ་འཁོར་གྱི་དམྱལ་བ།''' ཚ་དམྱལ་བརྒྱད་པོ་དེའི་ཕྱོགས་བཞི་ནང་ཡོད། དེ་ཡང་ མེ་མ་མུར་གྱི་འོབས་དང་། རོ་མྱགས་ཀྱི་འདམ་དང་། སྤུ་གྲིས་གཏམས་པའི་ཐང་དང་། རལ་གྲི་ལོ་མའི་ནགས་ཚལ་དང་། ལྕགས་ཀྱི་ཤལ་མ་རི་དང་། ཐལ་ཚན་གྱི་ཆུ་བོར་རབ་མེད་བཅས་དྲུག་རེ་ཡོད་ཀྱང་། མཚོན་ཆའི་རིགས་གསུམ་གཅིག་ཏུ་བརྩིས་ནས་ ཉེ་འཁོར་བཅུ་དྲུག་ཏུ་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་ ཕྱག་ཆེན་སྔོན་འགྲོའི་འགྲེལ་པ་ངེས་ཤེས་སྒྲོན་མེ་ནང་གསུངས་སོ།། '''དང་པ་མེ་མ་མུར་གྱི་འོབས།''' སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་ནགས་ཚལ་ནང་འགྱོ་བའི་ཚེ་ རྐངམ་ས་ཁར་བཞགཔ་ཅིག་ ཤ་དང་པགས་ཀོ་ཚུ་འཚིག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། '''གཉིས་པ་རོ་མྱགས་ཀྱི་འདམ།''' ས་ཐམས་ཅད་རོའི་འདམ་གྱི་གང་བའི་ནང་ འབུཔ་ལུས་དཀརཔོ་ མགོ་གནགཔོ་ མཆོ་ཏོ་རྣོས་ཁེག་ཁེ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་མ་རུས་བར་དུ་ ཟ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། '''གསུམ་པ་སྤུ་གྲིས་གཏམས་པའི་ཐང་།''' དེ་ལས་ཐར་ཏེ་ནགས་ཚལ་ག་ནི་བ་དགའ་བའི་ནང་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ རྩྭ་ཐམས་ཅད་རྣོས་ཁེག་ཁེ་གིས་ གཟུགས་གེ་ར་གཅོད་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོ། '''བཞི་པ་རལ་གྲི་ལོ་མའི་ནགས་ཚལ།''' སྔར་བཞིན་ནགས་ཚལ་ཉམས་དགའ་བ་མཐོང་སྟེ་འགྱོཝ་ད་ ནགས་ཚལ་གྱི་སྡོང་པོ་རྣོས་ཁེག་ཁེ་དང་རལ་གྲི་དང་ལྡན་པ་སོགས་ཀྱིས་ ལུས་དུམ་བུ་དུམ་བུ་སྦེ་གཅོད་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོ། '''ལྔ་པ་ལྕགས་ཀྱི་ཤལ་མ་རི།''' ལས་ཀྱི་དབང་གིས་ ལྕགས་ཀྱི་ཤལ་མ་རིའི་རྩ་བ་ལས་ རང་ལུ་དགའ་མི་གྲོགས་ཀྱིས་འབོ་སྟེ་འགྱོཝ་ད་ ནགས་ཚལ་གྱི་སྡོང་པོའི་ལོ་མ་ རྣོས་ཁེག་ཁེ་གིས་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ རྒྱབ་གདོང་གཉིས་ཀ་གཅོད། དེ་ལས་བྱ་རྒོད་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ཟ་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོ། '''དྲུག་པ་ཐལ་ཚན་གྱི་ཆུ་བོ་རབ་མེད།''' ས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཐལ་བ་ཚན་མོ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ། རྣམ་པ་ཆུའི་དབྱིབས་བཟུམ་སྦེ། ལུས་ཐམས་ཅད་རུས་པའི་བར་བརྒལ་འགྱོ་དགོཔ་ད་ ཕར་ལྷོདཔ་ཅིག་སྲུང་སྒོ་མཚོན་ཆ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ལོག་ཕར་བཏང་ཚུར་བཏང་སྟེ་ ལས་ངན་མ་ཟད་བར་དུ་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོ། &lt;br&gt;
'''གྲང་དམྱལ་བརྒྱད་ནི། དང་པ་ཆུ་བུར་ཅན།''' སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་གྲང་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་ བཟད་མ་ཚུགས་པ་གཟུགས་ཁར་ ཆུ་བུར་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས།&lt;br&gt;
'''གཉིས་པ་ཆུ་བུར་རྡོལ་བ།''' གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ཆུ་བུར་ཚུ་རྡོལ་ཏེ་ རྨ་ལུ་གྱུར་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། '''གསུམ་པ་ཨ་ཆུ་ཟེར་བ།''' སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་བཟོད་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་གྲང་བ་ལས་ ཨ་ཆུ་ཟེར་བའི་སྒྲ་འགྱུར་དོ་མས།&lt;br&gt;
'''བཞི་པ་སོ་ཐམ་ཐམ་པ།''' དེ་ལས་གྲང་བ་ཤུགས་ཆེཝ་ལས་ སོ་ཚུ་ཡང་ཐམ་དོ་མས། '''ལྔ་པ་ཀྱེ་ཧུད་ཟེར་བ།''' སྔར་བཞིན་གྲང་བ་བཟོད་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ ཀྱེ་ཧུད་ཟེར་བའི་སྒྲ་འགྱུར་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། '''དྲུག་པ་ཨུཏྤལ་ལྟར་གས་པ།''' གཟུགས་ཀྱི་པགས་ཀོ་ཚུ་སྔོན་པོར་སོང་སྟེ་ ཁ་ལྔའམ་དྲུག་ལུ་གས་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། '''བདུན་པ་པདྨ་ལྟར་གས་པ།''' སྔར་བཞིན་པགས་ཀོ་སྔོན་པོར་སོང་སྟེ་ ཁ་བརྒྱད་ལུ་གས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས།&lt;br&gt;
'''བརྒྱད་པ་པདྨ་ཆེན་པོ་ལྟར་གས་པ།''' ཁ་བརྒྱད་ལས་ལྷགཔ་གས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བཟོད་་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། '''དམྱལ་བ་ཉེ་ཚེ་བའི་སེམས་ཅན།''' དེའི་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ གནས་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཚུ་ག་ནི་ཡང་ངེས་པ་མེད་དེ། བྲག་གི་བར་བཅར་བ་དང་། རྡོའི་ནང་དུ་འཐུམ་པ་དང་། ཆབ་རོམ་གྱི་ནང་དུ་རེངས་པ་དང་། ཆུ་ཚན་གྱི་ནང་དུ་འཚོད་པ་དང་། མེ་ནང་དུ་སྲེག་པ་དང་། ཤིང་སྡོང་བཅད་པའི་སྐབས་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག་ཚུ་བཅད་པ་དང་། གཏུན་པ་དང་། ཕྱགས་མ་དང་། ཕྲུ་བ་དང་། སྒོ་དང་། ཀ་བ་ལ་སོགས་ནང་བསྐོལ་ཞིང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ ཕྱག་ཆེན་སྔོན་འགྲོའི་འགྲེལ་པ་ངེས་ཤེས་སྒྲོན་མེ་ ( ༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༠) ནང་གསུངས་སོ།།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ༼  དུད་འགྲོ། ༽ ===
&lt;big&gt;མངོན་པར་མཛོད་གནས་གསུམ་པ་འཇིག་རྟེན་བསྟན་པའི་སྐབས་ འཇིག་རྟེན་སྣ་ཚོགས་ལས་ལས་སྐྱེ། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར། སེམས་ཅན་རང་སོའི་ལས་དང་འཁྲིལ་ འགྲོ་བ་རིགས་དྲུག་གི་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་སྐྱེ་བ་ལེན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འགྲོ་བ་རིགས་དྲུག་གི་གནས་ལྷ་དང་། ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་དང་། མི་དང་། དུད་འགྲོ་དང་། ཡི་དྭགས་དང་། དམྱལ་བ་སྟེ་འགྲོ་བ་རིགས་དྲུག་ལས་ དུད་འགྲོའི་མཚན་ཉིད། དབྱེ་བ། སྡུག་བསྔལ། དུད་འགྲོར་སྐྱེ་བའི་རྒྱུ་སྟེ་ས་བཅད་རྣམ་པ་བཞིའི་ཐོག་ལས་བཤད་པར་བྱའོ། ། &lt;br&gt;

དང་པོ་མཚན་ཉིད་ནི། མགོ་དུད་ཅིང་འགྲོ་བས་ན་དུད་འགྲོ་ཞེས་པའོ། ། གཉིས་པ་དབྱེ་བ་ལ་དུད་འགྲོ་སྤྱིའི་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་དབྱེ་བ་དང་། རིགས་གཉིས་ལས། དང་པོ་དུད་འགྲོ་སྤྱིའི་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་དབྱེ་བ་ལ་ རྐང་མང་བ་དང་། རྐང་བཞི་དང་། རྐང་གཉིས་དང་། རྐང་མེད་པ་དང་བཞིའོ། །གཉིས་པ་རིགས་ལ་དབྱེ་ན། མི་ཕམ་མཁས་འཇུག་གི་སྡོམ་བྱང་ལས། བྱིངས་ན་གནས་པའི་དུད་འགྲོ་དང་། ཁ་འཐོར་ན་གནས་པའི་དུད་འགྲོའི་རིགས་དང་གཉིས་སོ། དང་པོ་བྱིངས་ན་གནས་པའི་དུད་འགྲོ་ཞེས་པ་ནི་ བྱིངས་ནི་མང་ཆེ་བའམ་ཕལ་ཆེ་བའི་དོན་ནམ་ འབྱུང་གནས་ཅིག་ལ་གོ་བའོ། ། དེ་ཡང་དུད་འགྲོ་མང་ཆེ་བ་ཅིག་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ནང་གནས་པའི་ཕྱིར་རམ་གནས་ཀྱི་རྩ་བ་ནི་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིར་དུད་འགྲོའི་བྱིངས་ཞེས་སོ།། མདོར་ན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ལ་གནས་པའི་དུད་འགྲོ་སྟེ་ ཆེ་བ་ཆུ་སྲིན་དང་ཆུང་བ་ཉ་དང་སྦལ་ལྕོང་སོགས་ལ་གོ་བའོ།། གཉིས་པ་ཁ་འཐོར་ལ་གནས་པའི་དུད་འགྲོ་ནི་ ཤིང་དང་རྡོ་ སྤང་དང་ནགས་ ཐང་དང་བྲག་ ས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རྟེན་ལ་གནས་པ་ཅིག་ལ་གོ་བའོ། མདོར་ན་ཁ་འཐོར་གྱི་དུད་འགྲོ་ནི་ མི་དང་འདོད་ལྷའི་གནས་དག་ལ་ ཆེ་བ་སྟག་དང་སེང་གེ་  ཆུང་བ་འབུ་སྲིན་སོགས་ལ་གོ་བའོ། ། &lt;br&gt;

གསུམ་པ་དུད་འགྲོའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལ་བཤེས་པའི་སྤྲིངས་ཡིག་ལས། དུད་འགྲོ་སྐྱེ་གནས་ནང་ཡང་བསད་པ་དང་། །བཅིངས་དང་རྡེག་སོགས་སྡུག་བསངལ་སྣ་ཚོགས་པ། ། ཞི་འགྱུར་དགེ་བ་སྤངས་པ་རྣམས་ལ་ནི།། གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་ཟ་ཤིན་ཏུ་མི་ཟད་པ།། ཁ་ཅིག་མུ་ཏིག་བལ་དང་རུས་པ་དང་།། ཤ་དང་པགས་པའི་ཆེད་དུ་འཆི་བར་འགྱུར། །དབང་མེད་གཞན་དག་རྡོག་པ་ལག་པ་དང་། ། ལྕགས་དང་ལྕག་སྐྱུ་བརྡབ་པས་བཏབ་སྟེ་བཀོལ། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར། འགྲོ་བ་རིགས་དྲུག་གི་གནས་ལས་ དུད་འགྲོ་ལུ་སྐྱེ་བ་ཅིན་ འགྲོ་བ་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ འདོད་ཆགས་ཞེ་སྡང་གཏི་མུག་རྣམ་པ་གསུམ་གྱི་སྒོ་ནས་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་དང་། ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ཙྭ་དང་ཆུ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ ཉིན་ནུབ་མེད་པར་ཐག་པས་བཅིངས་པ་དང་ དབྱུག་པ་སོགས་ཀྱི་རྡེག་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། ལས་དགེ་སྡིག་གི་རྣམ་གཞག་གང་ཡང་མ་ཤེས་པའི་དུད་འགྲོ་རྣམས་ལ་ གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་ཟའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་སོགས་ རྒྱུན་མ་ཆད་པར་ཡོད། དུད་འགྲོ་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ནོར་བུའི་བྱེ་བྲག་མུ་ཏིག་སོགས་ལེན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ། དཔེར་ན་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་ནང་གནས་པའི་དུད་འགྲོ་ཉ་སོགས་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་མུ་ཏིག་གི་དོན་ལུ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་དང་། ལ་ལུ་ལུས་གྲང་བ་དང་ཚ་བ་ལས་བསྲུང་ནིའི་ཆེད་དུ་བལ་དང་ ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་རུས་པའི་དོན་ལུ་སྲོག་གཅོད། དཔེར་ན་ ཁྱབ་ཆེ་བ་ལུ་ལུག་དང་གཡག་ དེ་ལས་སྤུ་ཁ་འཇའ་ཆི་ཆི་ཡོད་པའི་དུད་འགྲོ་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ གོས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་དང་ གླངམོ་ཆེ་དང་སྟག་སོགས་རུས་པའི་དོན་ལུ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པའོ།། བྱ་དང་ཉ་བ་གླང་ལ་སོགས་པའི་དུད་འགྲོ་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཤའི་ཆེད་དུ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་དང་ ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་པགས་པའི་ཆེད་དུ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པའོ།། རང་ལུ་རང་དབང་མེད་པའི་དུད་འགྲོ་རྣམས་ རྐངམ་དང་ལགཔ་གུ་ལས་ཕར་ ལྕགས་དང་ལྕགས་ཀྱུ་སོགས་བརྡབ་ནས་ བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་དོ།།&lt;br&gt;

མདོར་ན་དུད་འགྲོ་ལ་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། བསད་བཅད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་ཟའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཏེ་གསུམ་མོ།། དེ་ཡང་དང་པོ་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི། དུད་འགྲོ་ནི་རང་དབང་མེད་པའི་རྐྱེན་ལས་ ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ཞིང་རྨོ། ལ་ལུ་ཁུར་ཆ་བཀལ། ལ་ལུ་ཤིང་རྟ་འཐེནམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ བྱ་བ་མང་པོ་བཀོལ་བ་ཡིན། དེའི་སྐབས་དུད་འགྲོ་རྣམས་འུ་སྡུག་རུང་ངལ་འཚོ་ནིའི་རང་དབང་མེད། ཁ་སྐོམ་ལྟོཝ་བཀྱེས་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་ ཁ་སླབ་མ་ཤེས་པའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ བཀྲེས་སྐོམ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་ངང་ལུ་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་དཔག་མེད་དོ། གཉིས་པ་བསད་བཅད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི། དུད་འགྲོ་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ལས་ཀྱི་དབང་གིས་ ཤ་དང་པགས་པའི་ཆེད་དུ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་དང་། ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་མུ་ཏིག་དང་རུས་པའི་དོན་ལུ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་སོགས་ལ་གོ་བ་ཡིན། གསུམ་པ་གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་ཟའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི་ དུད་འགྲོ་སོགས་རྨོངས་པའི་དབང་གིས་ གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་ཟའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཆེ། དཔེར་ན་སྟག་གིས་ཀ་ཤ་དང་བ་གླང་སོགས་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་པ་དང་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་ནང་ཉ་ཆེ་བས་ཆུང་བ་ཟ་བ་སོགས་དཔེ་དུ་མའོ།།&lt;br&gt;

དུད་འགྲོ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ཚེ་ཚད་ཐུང་བ་ལ་ངེས་པ་མེད་དེ་ ཚེ་རིང་ཤོས་ཀྱི་བར་གྱི་བསྐལ་པ་རེ་ཐུབ་པ་ཡིན། དུད་འགྲོའི་གནས་སུ་སྐྱེ་བ་ཅིན་ལས་དང་ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་དབང་གིས་ ལམ་གྲུབ་པའི་གོ་སྐབས་མེད་དེ་ ཐར་པ་ཐོབ་པའི་དུས་མེད། དུད་འགྲོ་ལ་ཡང་སྐྱེ་གནས་རྣམ་པ་བཞི་སྟེ་ མངལ་སྐྱེས་དང་། སྒོང་སྐྱེས་དང་། དྲོད་གཤེར་ལས་སྐྱེས་པ་དང་། རྫུས་སྐྱེས་ཏེ་ལྔ་ལ་ རང་སོའི་ལས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་པར་སྨིན་པ་ལས་སྐྱེ་བའོ།། དུད་འགྲོའི་སྐྱེ་གནས་སུ་འགྱུར་བའི་ལས་ནི་རྣམ་པ་ལྔ་སྟེ་ འཕགས་པ་སློབ་པའི་བློ་གྲོས་ཀྱིས་ཞུས་པའི་མདོ་ལས། འཆལ་བའི་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་དང་། ཆོམ་རྐུན་དང་། གཞན་གྱི་བུ་ལོན་བླངས་ནས་གནོད་སེམས་སུ་བྱེད་པ་དང་། སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་དང་། མ་དད་པས་དམ་པའི་ཆོས་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཉན་པར་དགའ་བ་ཐམས་ཅད་དོ།། དེ་ཡང་དང་པོ་འཆལ་བའི་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ནི་ ཉེས་སྤྱོད་སྡོམ་པའི་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་དང་། དགེ་བ་ཆོས་སྡུད་ཀྱི་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་དང་། སེམས་ཅན་དོན་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཏེ་ མདོར་ན་ལུས་ངག་ཡིད་གསུམ་གྱི་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་སོགས་ཉམས་པའི་ལས་ཀྱི་འབྲས་བུས་ དུད་འགྲོར་སྐྱེ་བ་ཡིན། གཉིས་པ་ཆོམ་རྐུན་ནི་ ཆོམ་ནི་གཞན་གྱི་ནོར་ལ་ཆགས་པའི་བློས་ དབང་བཙོང་གི་སྒོ་ནས་འཕྲོག་པའི་དོན་དང་། རྐུན་ནི་གསང་བའི་ཐོག་ལས་ བརྐུ་བ་སོགས་ལ་གོ་བ་ཡིན། མདོར་ན་ཆོམ་རྐུན་ནི་ མ་སྦྱིན་པ་ལེན་པ་སྟེ་ དེ་ཡང་དུད་འགྲོར་སྒྱེ་བའི་རྒྱུ་ཡིན་ནོ། ། གསུམ་པ་གཞན་གྱི་བུ་ལན་བླངས་ནས་གནོད་སེམས་སུ་བྱེད་པ་ནི། རང་ལུ་བྱ་སྟབས་མ་བདེ་བའི་སྐབས་མི་གཞན་ལས་ནོར་བསྐྱི་བའི་བུ་ལན་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ འདི་ཚུ་རང་སྟབས་བདེཝ་ད་ལོག་སྤྲོད་ནི་མེན་པར་ ཧེང་སྐལ་བུ་ལོན་སྤྲོད་མ་དགོཔ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མ་རུང་པའི་བྱ་བ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་དང་རྡུང་བ་སོགས་བསམ་ན་ དེ་ཡང་དུད་འགྲོར་སྐྱེ་བའི་ལས་ཡིན་ནོ། བཞི་པ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་ནི་ འདོད་ཆགས་དང་། ཞེ་སྡང་དང་། གཏི་མུག་གི་སྒོ་ནས་གཞན་གྱི་སྲོག་ལེན་པའི་དོན་ཡིན། གལ་ཏེ་གཞན་གྱི་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་ཅིན་ དེའི་རྣམ་སྨིན་གྱིས་དུད་འགྲོར་སྐྱེ་བ་ཡིན་ནོ། ལྔ་པ་མ་དད་པས་དམ་པའི་ཆོས་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཉན་པར་དགའ་བ་ནི་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཆོས་དགེ་འདུན་ཏེ་ མདོར་ན་དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལུ་དད་པ་མེད། ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས་ལུ་ཡིད་ཆེས་མེད་པའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ལས་ལོག་པ་ངག་ཀྱལ་སོགས་ལ་སྡང་བ་སོགས་དུད་འགྲོར་སྐྱེ་བའི་རྒྱུ་ཡིན་ནོ།།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་བདེན་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི་ལུས་དང་སེམས་མི་བདེ་བར་ དཀའ་ངལ་གྱིས་མནར་བའི་དོན་ཅིག་ལ་ཟེར་རོ། ཁམས་གསུམ་འཁོར་བའི་གནས་འདི་ནང་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་མེད་མི་ག་འདུག། འགྲོ་བ་རིགས་དྲུག་གི་གནས་རང་ར་སོ་སོའི་ནང་ རང་སོའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་རེ་འདུག།  ལྷ་ལུ་འཆི་འཕོ་ལྟུང་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། ལྷ་མིན་ལུ་འཐབ་རྩོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་རྒ་ན་འཆི་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། དམྱལ་བར་ཚ་གྲང་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། དུད་འགྲོ་ལུ་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། ཡི་དྭགས་ལུ་བཀྲེས་སྐོམ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདུག། &lt;br&gt;

མཐོ་རིས་གསུམ་ལས་དང་པོ། ལྷའི་འཆི་འཕོ་ལྟུང་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ལྷ་འདི་ཚུ་ཤི་རནམ་ད་ གོས་དྲི་མ་ཅན་དུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། མེ་ཏོག་གི་ཕྲེང་བའམ་རྒྱན་ཆ་སོགས་རྙིང་པར་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། མཆན་ཁུང་ནས་རྔུལ་ནག་འབྱུང་བ་དང་། ལུས་ལ་དྲི་ང་བ་དང་། རང་གི་གཏན་ལ་མི་དགའ་བ་སོགས་ སྔ་ལྟས་རྣམ་པ་ལྔ་འབྱུང་བ་དང་ འདོད་ཡོན་ལ་ཡེངས་བའི་བློས་ སླར་ངན་སོང་དུ་ལྟུང་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡོད། གཉིས་པ་ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་ལུ་ ལྷའི་དཔལ་ལ་སྡང་བ་དང་། ཕྲག་དོག་དང་། འཐབ་རྩོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མི་བཟོད། གསུམ་པ་མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་རྒ་ན་འཆི་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཏེ། དེ་ཡང་ མངལ་འཇུག་གི་མདོ་ལས་ མི་ལུ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྣམ་པ་བརྒྱད་བཤད་དེ། དེ་བཞིན་དུ་སྐྱེ་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལོ། ། རྒ་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལོ། །ན་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །འཆི་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །སྡུག་པ་དང་བྲལ་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །མི་སྡུག་པ་དང་ཕྲད་པ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །གང་འདོད་པ་བཙལ་ཏེ་མ་རྙེད་པ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཡོད་པ་བསྲུང་དཀའ་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཞེས་གསུངས་འདུག། གཉིས་པ་ངན་སོང་གསུམ་ལས་དང་པོ། དམྱལ་བ་ལུ་ཚ་དམྱལ་བརྒྱད་དེ། ཡང་སོས་དང་། ཐིག་ནག་དང་། བསྡུས་འཇོམས་དང་། ངུ་འབོད་དང་། ངུ་འབོད་ཆེན་པོ་དང་། ཚ་བ་དང་། རབ་ཏུ་ཚ་བ་དང་། མནར་མེད་དེ་བརྒྱད་དང་། གྲང་དམྱལ་བརྒྱད་དེ། ཆུ་བུར་ཅན་དང་། ཆུ་བུར་བརྡོལ་བ་དང་། སོ་ཐམ་པ་དང་། ཨ་ཆུ་ཟེར་བ་དང་། ཀྱི་ཧུད་ཟེར་བ་དང་། ཨུཏྤལ་ལྟར་རྒྱས་པ་དང་། པདྨ་ལྟར་རྒྱས་པ་དང་། པདྨ་ཆེན་པོ་ལྟར་རྒྱས་པ་སྟེ་ བཅུ་དྲུག་གི་སྟེང་དུ་ ཉེ་འཁོར་བ་དང་། ཉེ་ཚེ་བའི་དམྱལ་ཁམས་ཏེ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་ལ་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་དཔག་མེད་དོ།། གཉིས་པ་དུད་འགྲོ་ལ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྣམ་པ་གསུམ་ཏེ། བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། བསད་བཅད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་ཟའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཏེ་རྣམ་པ་གསུམ་མོ། ཡི་དྭགས་ནི་ ཁ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྩེ་ཙམ་ཅིག་དང་ ལྟོ་བ་རིའི་ཁྱོན་ཙམ་ཏེ་ བཀྲེས་པ་དང་སྐོམ་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཤིན་ཏུའོ། །&lt;br&gt;

སྤྱིར་བཏང་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་ཅིན་གསུམ་ཏེ། ཁྱབ་པ་འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། འགྱུར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ། སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལོ།། ཁྱབ་པ་འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སྐད་ཅིག་སྐད་ཅིག་གིས་ འཇིག་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཏེ་ དེའི་ཚོར་བ་ནི་གཏང་སྙོམ་ཡིན། དཔེར་ན་ སྤུ་ཅིག་ལག་མཐིལ་ལུ་བཞག་པ་ཅིན་འདི་ཡོད་མེད་ཀྱི་ཚོར་བ་གང་ཡང་མེད་དེ།  སྤུ་འདི་རྐྱེན་ཅིག་ལས་མིག་ཏུ་སོང་ན་མི་སྡུག་པའི་ཚོར་བ་མྱོང་བཞིན་ནོ། ། ད་ལྟོ་གི་བདེ་བ་འདི་ ཕྱི་མ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལུ་ འགྱུར་མི་གཅིག་ལུ་ འགྱུར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཏེ། དཔེར་ན་ སྙིང་སྡུག་མ་དང་ཕྲད་ནས་བྲལ་བ་བཞིན་ནོ། སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་ཡོད་མི་གུར་ ད་རུང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཕོག་མི་གཅིག་ལུ་གོ་བ་ཡིན་ཏེ།  དཔེར་ན་ ཕ་ཤི་བའི་སྡུག་མ་རྫོགསཔ་ལས་ བུ་འཆི་བ་ལྟ་བུའོ། །སངྱས་ཀྱིས་ཡང་ བདེན་པ་བཞིའི་ཆོས་འཁོར་བསྐོར་བའི་སྐབས་ ཁམས་གསུམ་འཁོར་བའི་རྒྱུ་འདི་ཀུན་འབྱུང་བདེན་པ་དང་ འབྲས་བུ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བདེན་པ་དང་། རྒྱུ་འགོག་པའི་བདེན་པ་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཏེ་འབྲས་བུ་ ལམ་གྱི་བདེན་པ་འཐོབ་དགོཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ རྙིགས་མ་བདོ་བའི་འདུལ་བྱ་ ང་བཅས་ཚུ་གིས་འབད་མི་ཚུགས་པས། མདོ་ལས། སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཤེས་པར་བྱ། ། ཀུན་འབྱུང་སྤང་བར་བྱ། ། འགོག་པ་མངོན་དུ་བྱ། ། ལམ་རྒྱུད་ལ་བསྟན་པར་བྱ། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་འདུག།  སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རྒྱུ་ངོ་མ་ སེམས་ཕྱིན་ཅི་ལོག་པའི་ལྟ་བར་འཛིན་མི་འདི་ཨིན། འདི་ཡང་དང་པོ་མི་རྟག་པ་ལུ་རྟག་པ་འཛིན།  འཇིག་རྟེན་རང་གི་མཚན་ཉིད་ཀྱང་ སྐད་ཅིག་སྐད་ཅིག་གིས་འཇིག་པའི་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་གནས་སའི་རྟེན་ཡིན་ཡང་ ལྐུག་པ་ང་བཅས་ཚུ་གིས་འདི་ལུ་རྟག་པ་འཛིན་སྡོདཔ་མས། གཉིས་པ་ མི་གཙང་བ་ལུ་གཙང་བར་འཛིན། འཁོར་བ་འདི་ མི་གཙང་བའི་འདམ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ འདི་ལུ་གཙང་བ་འཛིན་སྡོདཔ་མས། དཔེར་ན་ མི་གཙང་བས་གང་བའི་ཕུང་པོ་འདི་ལུ་ གཙང་བར་འཛིན་ཏེ་ཆགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་པ་བཞིན། གསུམ་པ་བདག་མེད་པ་ལུ་བདག་ཏུ་བཟུང་། སེམས་ཀྱི་ངོ་བོ་ སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་ཡིན་ནའང་ དེ་ལ་བདག་ཡོད་པར་འཛིན། ང་ཟེར་བའི་ཚིག་འདི་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་འབྱུང་གནས་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ང་ལུ་བདེ་བ་དགོ་ནི་ཟེར་ མི་དགེ་བའི་ལས་བསགས། ལས་འབྲས་བསླུ་བ་མི་སྲིད་ཅེས་ སྡིག་པའི་ལས་ཀྱི་འབྲས་བུ་ ནམ་ཡང་བདེ་བ་མི་འབྱུང་། བཞི་པ་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་བ་ལ་བདེ་བར་འཛིན་པ། ང་བཅས་ཚུ་འཁོར་བར་སྐྱེ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ ལས་དང་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ཡིན་ཏེ།  ཚད་མ་རིགས་པའི་གཏེར་ལས། སྐྱེ་རྒྱུ་མ་རིག་དེ་ལས་ཀྱང་། ། ཉོན་མོངས་ལས་དང་འཁོར་བ་འབྱུང་། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་འདུག། མཐོ་བ་སྲིད་པའི་རྩེ་མོ་མན་ཆད་ནས་ དམའ་བ་དམྱལ་བ་མནར་མེད་ཡན་ཆད་ཀྱི་འགྲོ་བ་རྣམས་ འཁོར་བ་ཐོག་མ་མེད་པ་ནས་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱིས་ཉམས་ཐག་སྡོདཔ་མས། དེ་ཡང་འཁོར་བ་ལུ་ཐོག་མ་མེད་ཅེས་ཚད་མ་རིགས་པའི་གཏེར་ལས། སེམས་ལས་གཞན་ལ་ལྟོས་མེད་ཕྱིར། །རྟགས་ཀྱི་སྔོན་མཐའ་ཐུག་མེད་གྲུབ། །ཅེས་གསུངས་འདུག། ཡང་ཚད་མ་རིགས་པའི་གཏེར་ལས། རྒྱུ་ཚོགས་ཚང་ཞིང་གེགས་མེད་པ། །རྟགས་ཀྱི་ཕྱི་མཐའ་ཐུག་མེད་གྲུབ། །ཅེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར། དཔེར་ན་ཨེ་པཱལ་གྱི་ས་བོན་ཅིག་ལ་ ལྕུག་གསར་བཞད་པའི་རྐྱེན་ ས་ཆུ་མེ་རླུང་མདོར་ན་འབྱུང་བ་བཞི་ཚང་པ་ཅིན་ ལྕུག་གུ་སྐྱེས་དོ་བཟུམ་ མི་དགེ་བའི་ལཱ་ལས་འཛེམ་མ་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ འཁོར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལས་ཐར་མི་སྲིད། ཇི་སྐད་དུ། འཁོར་བ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྩེ་ཙམ་ལ། །བདེ་བ་ནམ་ཡང་ཡོད་མ་ཡིན། །ཞེས་གསུངས་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;

རྒྱལ་སྲས་དངུལ་ཆུ་ཐོག་མེད་ཀྱིས། སྡུག་བསྔལ་མ་ལུས་བདག་འདོད་དེ་ལས་འབྱུང། །རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་གཞན་ཕན་སེམས་ལས་འཁྲུངས། ། ཅེས་གསུངས་འདུག། དེ་ཡང་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི་ཐམས་ཅད་བདག་འདོད་པའི་བློའམ་ ང་དང་ང་ཡོད་པར་འཛིན་པའི་བློ་ཡིན། སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལས་ཐར་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ སེམས་ཀྱི་ངོ་བོ་སྟོང་ཉིད་ཡིན་པར་རྟོགས་དགོས། སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི་ཐམས་ཅད་ཚེ་སྔ་མའི་ལས་ཀྱི་འབྲས་བུ་ཡིན་ཏེ་ ལས་འབྲས་ལ་སླུ་བ་མེད། དེ་ཡང་མདོ་ལས། ལུས་ཅན་དག་གི་ལས་རྣམས་ནི། །བསྐལ་པ་བརྒྱར་ཡང་ཆུད་མི་ཟད། །ཚོགས་ཤིང་དུས་ལ་འབབ་པ་ན། །འབྲས་བུ་མྱུར་དུ་སྨིན་པར་འགྱུར། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་འདུག། སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི་མི་དགོས་སྙམ་ན་ མི་དགེ་བ་བཅུ་སྤོང་ནས་ དགེ་བ་བཅུ་ལ་བརྩོན། ཚེ་འདིའི་སྤྱོད་ཡུལ་ལ་བསམ་ནས་མི་རྟག་པ་བསྒོམ། སྲིད་པའི་བདེ་བ་ལ་བསམ་ནས་ འཁོར་བའི་ཉེས་དམིགས་ལས་འབྲས་དང་བཅས་པ་བསྒོམ། ཞི་བའི་བདེ་བ་ལ་བསམ་ནས་བྱམས་དང་སྙིང་རྗེ་བསྒོམས་པ་སོགས་ཡིན། མདོ་ལས། ཐུབ་པས་སྡིག་པ་ཆུ་ཡིས་མི་འཁྲུད་ཅིང། །འགྲོ་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཕྱག་གིས་སེལ་མི་ནུས། །ཉིད་ཀྱི་རྟོག་པ་གཞན་ལ་སྤོ་མིན་ཡང་། །ཆོས་ཉིད་ཞི་བ་བསྟན་ནས་གྲོལ་བར་འགྱུར། །ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ། །&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཡི་དྭགས། ===
&lt;big&gt;འཁོར་བ་ནི་ཁམས་གསུམ་གྱི་འཇིག་རྟེན་ཏེ་ འདོད་ཁམས་དང་། གཟུགས་ཁམས་དང་། གཟུགས་མེད་ཁམས་གསུམ་མོ། ། འདོད་ཁམས་ལ་ཡང་ འགྲོ་བ་རིགས་དྲུག་དང་། འདོད་ལྷ་རིགས་དྲུག་དང། གཟུགས་ཁམས་གནས་རིས་བཅུ་བདུན་ནོ། །འཇིག་རྟེན་སྣ་ཚོགས་ལས་ཀྱི་བྱས་པ་ཡིན་ཏེ་། མདོ་སྡེ་ལས་བརྒྱ་པ་ལས། ལས་རྣམས་ཀྱང་ནི་སྣ་ཚོགས་ལས། དེ་ཡིས་འགྲོ་འདི་སྣ་ཚོགས་བྱས། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར། ལས་དགེ་བ་དང་། སྡིག་པ་དང་ གཏང་སྙོམས་གསུམ་འཚོགས་པ་ལས་ འཇིག་རྟེན་འདི་ཡི་སྐྱེ་བ་ཐམས་ཅད་འབྱུང་བ་ཡིན། དེར་མ་ཚད་སྙིང་རྗེ་པདྨ་དཀར་པོ་ལས་ཀྱང་། འཇིག་རྟེན་ནི་ལས་ཀྱིས་བྱས་པ། ལས་ཀྱིས་སྤྲུལ་པའོ། ། སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ནི་ལས་ཀྱིས་བྱས་པ། ལས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུ་ལས་བྱུང་བ། ལས་ཀྱི་རབ་ཏུ་ཕྱེ་བའོ། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར། འཇིག་རྟེན་ནི་ རང་གི་ལས་དགེ་སྡིག་སོགས་བྱས་པ་ལས་འབྱུང་བ་དང་། ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་ལས་ཀྱིས་སྤྲུལ་པ་ཡིན། དེ་ལྟར་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ཡང་རང་གི་ལས་ཀྱི་བྱས་པ་དང་ ལས་དབང་གི་འཇིག་རྟེན་འདིའི་གནས་སོ་སོ་ནང་སྐྱེ་བ་ཡིན་ནོ། ། ༼ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་་་་ཤོག་གྲངས་༨༢༽ &lt;br&gt;

འགྲོ་བ་རིགས་དྲུག་སྟེ། དང་པོ་མཐོ་རིས་གསུམ་ནི། ལྷ་དང་། ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་དང་། མི་དང་། ངན་སོང་གསུམ་ནི། དམྱལ་བ་དང་། ཡི་དྭགས་དང་། དུད་འགྲོ་གསུམ་མོ།། དེའི་ནང་ནས་ཡི་དྭགས་ལ་སྤྱིའི་མཚན་ཉིད་དང་། དབྱེ་བ་དང་། སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། ཡི་དྭགས་སྐྱེ་བའི་རྒྱུ་སྟེ་ ས་བཅད་རྣམ་པ་བཞིའི་སྒོ་ནས་བསྟན་པའོ། ། དང་པོ་ཡི་དྭགས་སྤྱིའི་མཚན་ཉིད་ནི། ཟས་སྐོམ་ཡིད་ལ་བཏགས་པའམ་ བཀྲེས་སྐོམ་གྱིས་ཤིན་ཏུ་ནོན་པས་ན་ཡི་དྭགས་ཞེས་པའོ། ། དེ་གང་ན་གནས་ཞེས་ན་ འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་འདིའི་འོག་ཏུ་ དཔག་ཚད་ལྔ་བརྒྱ་བཅད་པ་ན་ཡོད་དོ། ། དེ་ན་ཡི་དྭགས་ཀྱི་གཙོ་བོ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་གཤིན་རྗེ་ཞེ་བྱ་བ་དང་ དེ་ཡི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ལུ་ ཡི་དྭགས་ཀྱི་རིགས་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་དྲུག་ཡོད་ཅེས་ མདོ་དྲན་པ་ཉེར་གཞག་ནས་བཤད་དོ། ། ཡི་དྭགས་ཀྱི་ཚེ་ཚད་ནི་ མིའི་ཟླ་སྟོད་ལ་ཉིན་མོ་དང་། མི་ཡི་ཟླ་སྨད་ལ་ཞག་གཅིག་ཏེ་ འགྲོ་བ་མིའི་ཟླ་ངོ་གཅིག་ལ་ཡི་དྭགས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ཉིན་ཞག་གཅིག་བརྩིས་ཏེ་ རང་ལོ་ལྔ་བརྒྱ་རེ་ཐུབ་པ་ཡིན་ནོ། ། དེ་ཡང་བཤེས་པའི་སྤྲིངས་ཡིག་ལས། བར་ཆད་མེད་པར་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བསྟེན་གྱུར་པ། །ཉེས་པར་སྤྱད་པའི་ལས་ཀྱི་ཞགས་པ་ཡི། །དྲྭ་བས་བཅིངས་པའི་ལུས་ཅན་ཁ་ཅིག་ལོ། །ལྔ་སྟོང་དག་དང་ཁྲིར་ཡང་འཆི་མི་འགྱུར།། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ།།&lt;br&gt;

གཉིས་པ་དབྱེ་བ་བཤད་པ་ལ་གསུམ་ཏེ། ཡི་དྭགས་ཕྱིའི་ཟས་སྐོམ་ལ་ཕྱིའི་སྒྲིབ་པ་ཅན་དང་། ནང་གི་སྒྲིབ་པ་ཅན་དང་། ཟས་སྐོམ་ལ་སྒྲིབ་པ་ཡོད་པ་སྟེ་གསུམ་མོ། དང་པོ་ཡི་དྭགས་ཕྱིའི་ཟས་སྐོམ་ལ་སྒྲིབ་པ་ཡོད་པ་ནི་ ཡི་དྭགས་དེའི་ངོ་བོར་བཀྲེས་པའི་ཟས་སོགས་རྣག་ཏུ་མཐོང་བ་དང་ སྐོམ་པའི་ཆུ་སོགས་ཁྲག་ཏུ་མཐོང་བའོ། དེ་དག་རྣམས་ཀྱང་གཞན་གྱིས་འགོག་པར་མཐོང་ནས་ དེ་ཡང་ཟ་ནི་དང་འཐུང་ནི་ལུ་རང་དབང་མེད་པ་ཞིག་གོ། གཉིས་པ་ཡི་དྭགས་ནང་གི་སྒྲིབ་པ་ཅན་ནི།  ཁ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མིག་ཙམ་ཡོད་པ་ལ་ ཟ་གཏུང་སོགས་གཞན་གྱིས་མི་འགོག་ཀྱང་ རང་གིས་ཟ་བའི་ནུས་པ་མེད་པ་ཅིག་ལ་གོ་བའོ།། དེ་ཡང་བཤེས་པའི་སྤྲིངས་ཡིག་ལས། ཁ་ཅིག་ཁ་ནི་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མིག་ཙམ་ལ། །ལྟོ་བ་རི་ཡི་གཏོས་ཙམ་བཀྲེས་པས་ཉེན། །མི་གཙང་གི་ནར་བོར་བ་ཅུང་ཟད་ཀྱང་། །འཚལ་བའི་མཐུ་དང་ལྡན་པ་མ་ལགས་སོ།། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ།། གསུམ་པ་ཡི་དྭགས་ཟས་སྐོམ་གྱི་སྒྲིབ་པ་ཡོད་པ་ལ་ཡང་གཉིས་ཏེ། མེ་ལྕེའི་ཕྲེང་བ་ཅན་དང་། ལྗན་ལྗིན་ཟ་བ་གཉིས་སོ།། དེ་ཡང་དང་པོ་ མེ་ལྕེའི་ཕྲེང་བ་ཅན་ནི་ ཟས་སོགས་ཟ་བ་དང་འཐུང་བ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ མགྲིན་པ་དང་ལྟོ་བ་སོགས་འཚིག་པར་འགྱུར་བ་ལ་གོ་བའོ།། གཉིས་པ་ལྗན་ལྗིན་ཟ་བ་ནི་ མི་གཙང་བའི་ཟས་ ཆུ་དང་ཨ་ཝ་སོགས་ཟ་བ་དང་ རང་གི་གཟུགས་ཁ་ལས་ཤ་བཅད་ཅིང་ཟ་བ་སོགས་ལ་གོ་བ་ཡིན་ནོ།།&lt;br&gt;

གསུམ་པ་ཡི་དྭགས་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི་བཤེས་པའི་སྤྲིངས་ཡིག་ལས། སྨན་རིགས་འགས་ནི་རྣག་དང་ཕྱི་ས་དང་།། ཁྲག་སོགས་མི་གཙང་བ་ཡང་མི་རྙེད་དེ།། ཕན་ཚུན་གདོང་དུ་འཚོག་ཅིང་མགྲིན་པ་ནས།། ལྦ་བ་བྱུང་བ་སྨིན་པའི་རྣག་འཚལ་ལོ།། ཡི་དྭགས་རྣམས་ལ་སོས་ཀའི་དུས་སུ་ནི།། ཟླ་བའང་ཚ་ལ་དགུན་ནི་ཉི་མའང་གྲང་།། ལྗོན་ཤིང་འབྲས་བུ་མེད་འགྱུར་འདི་དག་གིས།། བལྟས་པ་ཙམ་གྱིས་རླུང་ཡང་སྐམ་པར་འགྱུར།། ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར། རང་གིས་འཚོ་བ་ལ་ཕན་པའི་ཟས་སོགས་འགས་ནས་ མི་གཙང་བ་ཁྲག་དང་རྣག་ཨ་ཝ་ཡང་མི་འཐོབ་པའི་ཁར་ ཁོང་ར་གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་གདོང་སྐོར་སྦེ་ཕྱད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ བཟོ་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཉེས་པ། མགྲིན་པར་ལྦ་བ་མཐོང་བ་དང་ལྦ་བ་འདི་སྨིན་ནས་ དེའི་ནང་ནས་ཁྲག་དང་རྣག་སོགས་མཐོང་བ་དང་། ཡི་དྭགས་ཀྱི་གནས་འདི་ཁར་ གནམ་སོ་ཁའི་དུས་སུ་ཟླ་བ་ལས་ཡང་ཚ་བ་དང་ དགུན་གྱི་དུས་སུ་ཉི་མ་ལས་ཡང་གྲང་བ་སོགས་བྱུང་བ་དང་། ལྗོན་ཤིང་འདི་ཚུ་ཡོད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ ལས་ཀྱི་དབང་གིས་འབྲས་བུ་བཏགས་ནི་མེདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཁོང་ཚུ་གི་ལྟ་བ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ ཆུ་དང་རླུང་ཚུ་ཡང་བསྐམས་འགྱོ་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དཔག་མེདཔ་ཅིག་མྱོང་དགོས་སོ།། མདོར་ན་ཡི་དྭགས་ཀྱི་གནས་སུ་ རང་གི་ལས་མ་ཟད་ཚུན་ བཀྲེས་པ་དང་སྐོམ་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལོ་སྟོང་སྦེ་མྱོང་བ་ཡིན་ནོ།།&lt;br&gt;

བཞི་པ་ཡི་དྭགས་ཀྱི་གནས་སུ་སྐྱེ་བའི་རྒྱུ་ནི། ལུས་དང་། ངག་དང་། ཡིད་ཀྱི་ཉེས་པར་སྤྱོད་པ་ཆུང་བ་དང་། གཞན་གྱི་ནོར་ལ་ཆགས་པ་དང་། ལོག་པར་འཚོ་བ་དང་། སེར་སྣ་བྱེད་པ་དང་། སྦྱིན་པ་འགོག་པ་དང་། རང་ལུ་བཀའ་དྲིན་ཆེ་བ་རྣམས་ལ་གུས་བཀུར་མ་བྱེད་པ་སོགས་ཡིན་ནོ།། ཡི་དྭགས་ཀྱི་གནས་སུ་སྐྱེ་ནའང་ མི་ཁོམས་པའི་གནས་ཏེ་ ཐར་པ་ཐོབ་པའི་དུས་མེད། སྐྱེ་བ་འདི་ཟློག་པའི་ཕྱིར་ མདོར་ན་སེར་སྣ་སྟེ་ གོང་མ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཆོས་དགེ་འདུན་སོགས་ལ་མཆོད་པ་ཕུལ་མ་ཧུམ། ངན་སློང་ལུ་སྦྱིན་པ་བཏང་མ་ཧུམ། རང་ཟ་མ་ཧུམ་པར་ འདོད་ཆགས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་ནོར་སོགས་ཐམས་ཅད་རང་གི་དབང་འདུས་ནས་ བསྡམས་བཞག་པ་སོགས་སྤོང་ཞིང་ སྦྱིན་པ་གཏོང་བ་དང་། རང་གི་དགེ་བའི་བཤེས་གཉེན་དང་དྲིན་ཅན་ཕ་མ་སྟེ་ མདོར་ན་རང་ལུ་དྲིན་ཆེ་བའི་ཡུལ་སོགས་ལ་ མ་གུས་པའི་བྱ་བ་སོགས་དོར་ནས་ གུས་བཀུར་བྱེད་པ་སོགས་ཡིན་ནོ།།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཀུན་འབྱུང་གི་བདེན་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཡུལ་ཝ་ར་ན་སི་ལུ་ བདེན་པ་བཞི་ཡི་ཆོས་འཁོར་སྐོར་བའི་སྐབས་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཤེས་པར་བྱ། ། ཀུན་འབྱུང་སྤང་བར་བྱ། ། འགོག་པ་མངོན་དུ་བྱ། ། ལམ་རྒྱུད་ལ་བསྟན་པར་བྱ། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་འདུག། འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ་ལུ་ རྣམ་པ་བཞིར་དབྱེ་བ་ཡིན་ཏེ་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ། ཀུན་འབྱུང་འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ། འགོག་པ་འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ། ལམ་འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པའོ། ། དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱུ་དང་འབྲས་བུ་གཉིས་སུ་བཤད་པའི་སྐབས་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་བདེན་པ་ནི་འཁོར་བའི་འབྲས་བུ་དང་། ཀུན་འབྱུང་གི་བདེན་པ་ནི་འཁོར་བའི་རྒྱུ་དང་། དེ་བཞིན་འགོག་པའི་བདེན་པ་ནི་མྱང་འདས་ཀྱི་འབྲས་བུ་དང་། ལམ་གྱི་བདེན་པ་ནི་མྱང་འདས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུ་ཡིན་ནོ། ། དེ་ལས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བདེན་པ་དང་ ཀུན་འབྱུང་བདེན་པ་གཉིས་ནི་ ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱི་ཆ་དང་། འགོག་པའི་བདེན་པ་དང་ ལམ་གྱི་བདེན་པ་གཉིས་ནི་ ཟག་མེད་ཀྱི་ཆ་ཡིན་ནོ། ། སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བདེན་པ་བཞི་ལ་ འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ་ཞེས་བཏགས་དགོས་པའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ནི་ བདེན་པ་བཞི་ཡི་གནས་ལུགས་སམ་རང་བཞིན་ག་ཨིན་མི་འདི་ མཐའ་བཅད་དུ་རྟོགས་ཚུགས་མི་ འཕགས་པ་ཁོ་ན་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིར་ འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ་ཞེས་པའོ། །  དེ་ཡང་མདོ་ལས། བྱིས་པ་ལག་མཐིལ་འདྲ་བ་ཡིས། །འདུ་བྱེད་སྡུག་བསྔལ་སྤུ་མི་རྟོགས། །འཕགས་པ་མིག་དང་འདྲ་བ་ཡིས། །དེ་ཡིས་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཡིད་ཀྱང་འབྱུང་། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་པར་ལྟར། (ཞི་བདེ་དང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་སྤེལ་བའི་ཐབས་ལམ་དུས་བབ་ཀྱི་ཆོས་ཚན་རྩ་གཞུང་ ༢༠༡༩ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༤༡)  བྱིས་པ་སྟེ་སོ་སོ་སྐྱེ་བོ་ང་བཅས་ཚུ་གིས་ མ་དག་པའི་རྐྱེན་ལས་ དཔེར་ན་ལག་མཐིལ་དུ་སྤུ་ཅིག་བཞག་པ་ཅིན་ དེ་ཡོད་མེད་ཀྱི་ཚོར་བ་གང་ཡང་མེད་པ་བཞིན་ འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྟོགས་མི་ཚུགས། ཡིན་ཡང་འཕགས་མིག་ཅན་ཏེ་ གལ་ཏེ་ལག་མཐིལ་གྱི་སྤུ་འདི་རྐྱེན་ཅིག་ལས་ རང་གི་མིག་ཏུ་སོང་ན་ཚ་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་བ་བཞིན་ འཕགས་པའི་འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྟོགས་པ་བཞིན་ནོ།། &lt;br&gt;

དང་པོ་ ཀུན་འབྱུང་བདེན་པའི་མཚན་ཉིད་ནི་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཀུན་འབྱུང་བའི་རྒྱུ་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིར་ ཀུན་འབྱུང་བདེན་པ་ཞེས་པ་ཡིན། དེ་ཡང་ཁམས་གསུམ་འཁོར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཏེ་ འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། འགྱུར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཏེ་ ཐམས་ཅད་འབྱུང་བའི་རྒྱུ་ཡིན་ནོ།། ཀུན་འབྱུང་བདེན་པ་ནི་མདོར་ན་ རྩ་བའི་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ འདོད་ཆགས་དང་། ཞེ་སྡང་དང་།  གཏི་མུག་སྟེ་གསུམ་ཡིན།  དེ་ཡང་ཚད་མ་རིགས་པའི་གཏེར་ལས་ཀྱང་།  སྐྱེ་རྒྱུ་མ་རིག་དེ་ལས་ཀྱང་། །ཉོན་མོངས་ལས་དང་འཁོར་བ་འབྱུང།། ཞེས་གསུངས་འདུག།  '''དང་པོ་འདོད་ཆགས་ནི།''' སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཀུན་གྱི་རྒྱུ་ཡིན་ཏེ་  སྤྱོད་ཡུལ་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་ཆགས་པ་དེ་ཨིན།  དེ་ཡང་ཚེ་འདིའི་སྤྱོད་ཡུལ་ལ་ཆགས་པ་དང་།  སྲིད་པའི་བདེ་བ་ལ་ཆགས་པ་དང་།  ཞི་བའི་བདེ་བ་ལ་ཆགས་པ་སྟེ་གསུམ་ཡིན་ནོ།  དེ་ཡི་སྟེང་དུ་ སངས་རྒྱས་སྒྲུབ་པའི་ཐབས་མི་ཤེས་པ་བཀལ་བ་ཅིན་  རྒྱུ་མཚན་འདི་རྣམས་སངས་རྒྱས་མི་ཐོབ་པའི་གེགས་བཞི་ཡིན་ནོ། ། དང་པོ་ཚེ་འདི་ཡི་སྤྱོད་ཡུལ་ལ་ཆགས་པ་ནི་  འཇིག་རྟེན་འདི་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་ ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་ཆགས་པའི་ སེམས་འདི་ལུ་གོཝ་ཨིན།  འདི་ཡང་ འདི་ངེ་གི་ཨིན་ཟེར་  བདག་ཏུ་བཟུང་བའི་བློ་ཕྱིན་ཅི་ལོག་པ་འདི་ཨིན།  རང་གི་འདོད་པ་ལས་བརྟེན་གཞན་གྱི་ནོར་ལུ་ཆགས་ཏེ་  ང་ལུ་ཡང་འདི་དགོ་པས་ཟེར་  ནོར་འདི་ཐོབ་པའི་ཕྱིར་ཐབས་ཤེས་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་  འདི་རང་གི་ཕྱོགས་སུ་དབང་།  འདི་ལས་བརྟེན་ རང་ལུ་ དུས་ནམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ སེམས་ཁར་ དཀའ་ངལ་ཅིག་ལས་གཞན་མེད་དེ། རྗེ་བཙུན་མི་ལ་རས་པས། ཕྱུག་པོ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཡོད་སྡུག་ཡིན། ། དབུལ་པོ་ཐམས་ཅད་མེད་སྡུག་ཡིན། ། ཡོད་མེད་གཉིས་ཀ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན། ། བུ་དམ་ཆོས་ནུས་ན་སྐྱིད་དང་མཇལ། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་འདུག།  སྲིད་པའི་བདེ་བ་ལ་ཆགས་པའི་བློ་འདི་ སྤང་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ འདུ་བྱེད་ཐམས་ཅད་ མི་རྟག་པ་ཡིན་པར་བསྒོམ་པའི་བློ་འདི་ཨིན་ནོ། ། གཉིས་པ་སྲིད་པའི་བདེ་བ་ལ་ཆགས་པ་ནི་  སྲིད་པ་གསུམ་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་བདེ་བ་འདི་ལུ་ ཆགས་པའི་བློ་འདི་ཨིན།  དེ་ཡང་མཐོ་བ་སྲིད་པའི་རྩེ་མོ་ནས་ མར་ རྒྱལ་ཆེན་རིགས་བཞིའི་བདེ་བ་སོགས་ཡིན་ནོ། ། བདེ་བ་འདི་ཚུ་མཐར་ཐུག་གི་བདེ་བ་མེན་པར་  སླར་ཡང་ངན་སོང་གསུམ་ལུ་སྐྱེ་སྟེ་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རྒྱུ་ཅིག་ཨིན།  སྲིད་པའི་བདེ་བ་ལ་ཆགས་པའི་བློ་འདི་ སྤང་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས་ཡོད་པར་ལྟ་བ་འདི་ཨིན།  གསུམ་པ་ཞི་བའི་བདེ་བ་ལ་ཆགས་པ་ནི་  ཉན་ཐོས་དང་རང་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ས་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ བདེ་བ་ལ་ཆགས་པའི་བློ་འདི་ཨིན།  དེ་ཡི་ཉན་རང་གི་ས་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་བདེ་བ་ནི་  མཐར་ཐུག་གི་བདེ་བ་མེན།  འདི་སྤང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ བྱམས་པ་དང་སྙིང་རྗེ་བསྒོམ་ནི་འདི་ཨིན།  འདི་འབདཝ་ལས་འདོད་ཆགས་ནི་ འཁོར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཐམས་ཅད་རྩ་བ་རྒྱུ་ཡིན་ཏེ་ འདི་སྤང་བྱ་ཡིན་ནོ།།&lt;br&gt;

'''གཉིས་པ་ཞེ་སྡང་ནི།'''  ཁོང་ཁྲོ་བའི་སེམས་ཅིག་ལུ་གོཝ་ཨིན་པས།  དེ་ཡང་མི་འདིའི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ ཞེ་སྡང་ཤུགས་ཆེ་བ་ཅིན་  བདེ་བ་འདི་དུས་ནམ་ཡང་འབྱུང་མི་སྲིད།  ཞེ་སྡང་འདི་རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་  ཉིནམ་གཅིག་བ་གཅིག་ རང་གི་ བྱམས་པའི་གཉེན་དང་བུ་གཞི་  ཁྱིམ་ཚང་དང་ལྟ་ལྟོ་ཚང་ཐམས་ཅད་ རང་གི་དགྲ་ལུ་འགྱུར་ནི་ཨིན་མས།  རང་ལུ་དགྲ་འདི་མང་པའི་བསྒང་ལས་  སེམས་ལུ་བདེ་བ་འབྱུང་སྲིད་ནི་མས་ག།  རྒྱལ་སྲས་དངུལ་ཆུ་ཐོགས་མེད་ཀྱིས།  རང་གི་ཞེ་སྡང་དགྲ་བོ་མ་ཐུལ་ན། ། ཕྱི་རོལ་དགྲ་བོ་བཏུལ་ཞིང་འཕེལ་བར་འགྱུར། ། དེ་ཕྱིར་བྱམས་དང་སྙིང་རྗེའི་དམག་དཔུང་གིས། ། རང་རྒྱུད་འདུལ་བ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་ལག་ལེན་ཡིན། ། ཟེར་གསུངས་བཞག་ནུག།  འདི་ཡང་ རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ ཡོད་པའི་ཞེ་སྡང་གི་བློ་འདི་ མ་བཏུལཝ་འདྲཝ་ཅིག་འབད་བ་ཅིན་  ཕྱི་རོལ་གྱི་དགྲ་འདི་ཚར་བཅད་ཡི་བཅད་ཡི་  ཉུང་སུ་འགྱོ་ནི་མེན་པར་  ཉིནམ་གཅིག་བ་གཅིག་ཡར་འཕེལ་ནི་ཨིན་པས།  འདི་འབདཝ་ལས་  ཕྱི་རོལ་གྱི་དགྲ་འདི་བཏུལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་  མཚོན་ཆ་གྱི་དང་ཀྲིང་ཀ་སོགས་ འབག་སྟེ་མེན་པར་  བྱམས་པ་དང་སྙིང་རྗེའི་སྒོ་ལས་  རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ཞེ་སྡང་གི་སེམས་འདི་བཏུལ་བ་ཅིན་  ཕྱི་རོལ་གྱི་དགྲ་ཐམས་ཅད་ བཏུལ་ཚར་དོ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།  འདི་འབདཝ་ལས་ཞེ་སྡང་གི་སེམས་འདི་ རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ སེམས་ལུ་ བདེ་བ་ཅིག་འབྱུང་བའི་དུས་མེད་དེ་  ཚེ་འདི་ཕྱི་གཉིས་ཀ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་ནི་ཨིན།  སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ཡང་། ཞེ་སྡང་ལྟ་བུའི་སྡིག་པ་མེད། ། ཅེས་གསུངས་འདུག་གོ ། '''གསུམ་པ་གཏི་མུག་ནི།''' རྨོངས་པའི་སེམས་འདི་ཨིན།  འདི་གིས་སྦེ་ ལས་དགེ་སྡིག་སོགས་ངོ་མ་ཤེས་པར་  སྡིག་པ་ཚད་མེད་པ་བསགས་པ་དང་།  གཏི་མུག་མ་རིག་པའི་དབང་གིས་  ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས་སོགས་ཡོད་པར་ ཡིད་ཆེས་མེད་པའི་བློ་ཅིག་ཨིན།  གཏི་མུག་མ་རིག་པ་གིས་སྒྲིབ་སྟེ་  སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཕྱིན་ཅི་ལོག་པར་འཛིན།  འདི་ཡང་མི་རྟག་པ་ལུ་རྟག་པ་འཛིན་པ་དང་།  བདག་མེད་པ་ལུ་བདག་ཏུ་འཛིན་པ་དང་།  མི་གཙང་བ་ལ་གཙང་བར་འཛིན་པ་དང་།  སྡུག་བསྔལ་བ་ལ་བདེ་བར་འཛིན་པའི་བློ་ལོག་པ་སོགས་ཨིན།  དང་པོ་ མི་རྟག་པ་ལ་རྟག་པ་འཛིན་པ་ནི་  འཁོར་བའི་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་ངོ་བོའམ་རང་བཞིན་ མི་རྟག་པ་ཨིན་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་ འདི་ལུ་རྟག་པ་ཨིན་པར་འདོད་པའི་བློ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།  འདི་གིས་སྦེ་རྒྱུད་ལུ་འདོད་ཆགས་ཡར་འཕེལ་ནས་  ཆོས་སྒྲུབ་པའི་གོ་སྐབས་མེད་དེ་  ཚེ་འདི་དང་ཕྱི་མ་གཉིས་ཀ་ལུ་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རྒྱུ་ཅིག་ཨིན།  གཉིས་པ་བདག་མེད་པ་ལ་བདག་ཏུ་འཛིན་པ་ནི་  ང་དང་ང་ཡོད་འཛིན་པའི་བློ་འདི་ཨིན།  འདི་གིས་སྦེ་ང་ལུ་བདེ་བ་དགོ་ཟེར་ ལས་འདྲ་མིན་སྣ་ཚོགས་བསགས།  སྡུག་བསྔལ་དགོ་ཟེར་  རང་གི་བདེ་བའི་ཕྱིར་  གཞན་ལུ་ཚད་མེད་པའི་གནོད་པ་བཀལ།  རང་གི་གཉེན་ཨིན་ཟེར་འདི་ལུ་དགའ་ནི་དང་།  དགྲ་ཨིན་ཟེར་འདི་ལུ་ ཞེ་སྡང་ལང་ནི་ཐམས་ཅད་  ང་དང་ང་ཡོད་ཟེར་འཛིན་པའི་བློ་འདི་ཨིནམ་ལས་  རང་ལུ་བདེ་བ་ཅིག་དུས་ནམ་ཡང་མེད་དོ། ། གསུམ་པ་མི་གཙང་བ་ལ་གཙང་བར་འཛིན་པ་ནི་  ཤ་དང་ཁྲག་གི་ཕུང་པོའི་ངོ་བོའམ་རང་བཞིན་ནི་  མི་གཙང་བ་ཨིན་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་  འདི་ལུ་གཙང་བ་འཛིན་པའི་བློ་ཅིག་ལ་གོཝ་ཨིན་།  དེ་ཡང་ཕྱི་རོལ་གྱི་ཡུལ་ གཟུགས་མཛེས་པ་ཅིག་ལུ་ཆགས་པའི་སེམས་ཀྱིས་  འདི་ཐོབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་  མ་བྱིན་ལེན་པ་དང་འདོད་པའི་ལོག་པར་གཡེམ་པ་ ལ་སོགས་པའི་མི་དགེ་བ་བསགས་པ་སོགས་ཨིན།  བཞི་པ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བ་ལ་བདེ་བར་འཛིན་པ་ནི་ འཁོར་བའི་ངོ་བོའམ་རང་བཞིན་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཨིན་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་  འདི་ལུ་བདེ་བ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་འཛིན་པའི་བློ་ཅིག་ལུ་གོཝ་ཨིན་མས།  དེ་ཡང་ཚད་མ་རིགས་པའི་གཏེར་ལས། རྒྱུ་ཚོགས་ཚང་ཞིང་གེགས་མེད་པ། །རྟགས་ཀྱི་ཕྱི་མཐའ་ཐུག་མེད་གྲུབ། །ཅེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་ དཔེར་ན་ས་བོན་ཅིག་ལ་སྐྱེ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ རྒྱུ་ ས་ཆུ་མེ་རླུང་སོགས་ཚང་པ་ཅིན་  ལྕུག་གུ་སྐྱེ་དོ་བཟུམ་  མི་དགེ་བའི་ལས་ནི་ས་བོན་དང་  འཁོར་བ་ནི་ལྕུག་གུ་ཡིན་ནོ། །མདོར་ན་འདོད་ཆགས་ཞེ་སྡང་གཏི་མུག་གསུམ་ནི་  འཁོར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་རྒྱུ་ཡིན་ནོ། །  འདི་གིས་སྦེ་ཚེ་འདི་ལུ་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་ནི་དང་  ཚེ་ཤུལ་མ་ཡང་ ངན་སོང་གསུམ་ཏེ་ དམྱལ་བ་དང་།  ཡི་དྭགས་དང་།  དུད་འགྲོ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལུས་སུ་སྐྱེ་བ་ལེན་ཏེ་  སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཀུན་འབྱུང་བདེན་པ་ནི་སྤང་བྱ་ཡིན་ནོ།།&lt;/big&gt;

===   དལ་འབྱོར་རྙེད་དཀའ། ===
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ དལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ཆོས་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་ཚང་བའི་མི་ཡི་ལུས་རྟེན་འདི་ནི་ ངོ་བོ་དང་། རྒྱུ་དང་། དཔེ་དང་། གྲངས་སོགས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་མནོ་བསམ་གཏང་པ་ཅིན་ཐོབ་པར་ཤིན་ཏུ་དཀའ། རྙེད་ན་ཕན་པ་འདོགས་ཏེ་ སྐྱེས་བུ་གསུམ་གྱིས་དོན་ལུ་འབད་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ མངོན་མཐོ་ངེས་ལེགས་སམ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང་ ཐོབ་པའི་སྟོབས་སམ་ནུས་པ་ཡོད། ད་ལྟོ་རྙེད་པར་ག་ནི་བ་དཀའ་བའི་ མི་ལུས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཐོབ་སྟེ་འབད་རུང་། ཚེ་རབས་དུས་རྒྱུན་ཕན་པའི་དམ་པའི་ཆོས་མ་བསྒྲུབས་པ་ཅིན། སྐྱེ་བ་ཕྱི་མ་ལུ་ འགལ་རྐྱེན་མི་ཁོམས་པའི་གནས་བརྒྱད་དང་བྲལ་ཞིང་ མཐུན་རྐྱེན་འབྱོར་པ་བཅུ་ཚང་བའི་ མི་ཡི་ལུས་རྟེན་ཡང་དག་པ་ཐོབ་པར་མི་འགྱུར་རོ།། དེ་ཡང་སྤྱོད་འཇུག་ལས། (ཕྱག་ཆེན་སྔོན་འགྲོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༡) དལ་འབྱོར་འདི་ནི་རྙེད་པ་ཤིན་ཏུ་དཀའ། །སྐྱེས་བུའི་དོན་སྒྲུབ་ཐོབ་པར་གྱུར་པ་ལ། །གལ་ཏེ་འདི་ལ་ཕན་པ་མ་སྒྲུབ་ན། །ཕྱིས་འདི་ཡང་དག་འབྱོར་པ་ག་ལ་འགྱུར།། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ།།&lt;br&gt;

དལ་འབྱོར་རྙེད་པར་དཀའ་ཚུལ་ལ་བཞི་ཡོད་དེ། ༡-རྒྱུའི་སྒོ་ནས་རྙེད་པར་དཀའ་ཚུལ། ༢-ངོ་བོའི་སྒོ་ནས་རྙེད་པར་དཀའ་ཚུལ། ༣-དཔེའི་སྒོ་ནས་རྙེད་པར་དཀའ་ཚུལ། ༤-གྲངས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་རྙེད་པར་དཀའ་ཚུལ་ལོ། ། '''དང་པོ་རྒྱུའི་སྒོ་ནས་རྙེད་པར་དཀའ་ཚུལ་ནི།''' སྤྱིར་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་རྒྱུ་ལས་བྱུང་བ་ཡིན། དེ་ཡང་རྒྱུ་མ་རིག་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ཤུགས་ཆེ་སྟེ་ མི་དགེ་བའི་ལས་བསགས་པ་ལས་ འབྲས་བུ་ངན་འགྲོ་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འབྱུང་བ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་རིན་ཆེན་ཕྲེང་བ་ལས། (༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༢) མི་དགེ་བ་ལས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། །དེ་བཞིན་ངན་འགྲོ་ཐམས་ཅད་དོ།། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ།། རྒྱུ་དད་པ་ཆེ་སྟེ་དགེ་བའི་ལས་བསགས་པ་ལས་ འབྲས་བུ་བདེ་འགྲོ་དང་བདེ་བ་འབྱུང་བ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་རིན་ཆེན་ཕྲེང་བ་ལས། (༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༢) དགེ་ལས་བདེ་འགྲོ་ཐམས་ཅད་དང་། །སྐྱེ་བ་ཀུན་ཏུ་བདེ་བ་དག ། ཅེས་གསུངས་སོ།། ཁ་གསལ་སྦེ་ཞུ་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱུ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་རྣམ་པར་དག་པ་བསྲུང་བ་དང་། སྦྱིན་པ་སོགས་གང་མང་བསགས་པ་དང་། མཚམས་སྨོན་ལམ་རྣམ་པར་དག་པ་སྦྱོར་བ་དང་། འབྲས་བུ་དལ་བ་འབྱོར་པ་ཚང་བའི་མི་ལུས་ཐོབ་པར་གསུངས་འདུག། དེ་ཡང་ འབྲས་བུ་དལ་བ་སྐྱེད་མི་འདི་རྒྱུ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་དང་། འབྲས་བུ་འབྱོར་པ་སྐྱེད་མི་འདི་རྒྱུ་སྦྱིན་པའི་དགེ་བ་དང། དེ་ལས་འབྲས་བུ་སྨོན་ལམ་བཏབ་པ་ལས་ཕན་འདོགས་པའི་རྐྱེན་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་རྒྱུ་རྐྱེན་འཚོགས་པ་ལས་འབྲས་བུ་ མི་ལུས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་འབྱུང་རུང་ དེ་འདྲའི་རྒྱུ་སྒྲུབ་མི་ དཔེ་ཉིན་མའི་སྐར་མ་ལས་ཀྱང་དཀོན། དེ་ཡང་རྗེ་མི་ལས། (༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས ༡༣) དལ་འབྱོར་མི་ལུས་མི་དཀོན་རྒྱུ། །ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་སྲུང་བའི་མི་རེ་ཉུང་། །ཞེས་སོགས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟ་བུའོ།། '''གཉིས་པ་ངོ་བོའི་སྒོ་ནས་རྙེད་པར་དཀའ་ཚུལ་ནི།''' མི་ཁོམས་པའི་གནས་བརྒྱད་ནི། མདོ་དྲན་པ་ཉེར་བཞག་ལས། (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༤) དམྱལ་བ་ཡི་དྭགས་དུད་འགྲོ་དང་། །ཀླ་ཀློ་ཚེ་རིང་ལྷ་དང་ནི། །ལོག་ལྟ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་སྟོངས་པ། །ལྐུག་པ་དེ་དག་མི་ཁོམས་བརྒྱད།། ཅེས་གསུངས་སོ། ། དམྱལ་བ་ལུ་སྐྱེས་ན་ཚ་གྲང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱིས་ཆོས་འབད་ནི་མི་ཁོམས། ཡི་དྭགས་ལུ་སྐྱེས་བ་ཅིན་བཀྲེས་སྐོམ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱིས་ཆོས་འབད་ནི་མི་ཁོམས། དུད་འགྲོ་ལུ་སྐྱེས་བ་ཅིན་བླུན་རྨོངས་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱིས་ཆོས་འབད་ནི་མི་ཁོམས། ལྷ་ལུ་སྐྱེས་བ་ཅིན་འཆི་འཕོ་ལྟུང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱིས་ཆོས་འབད་ནི་མི་ཁོམས། ཡུལ་མཐའ་འཁོབ་ལུ་སྐྱེས་བ་ཅིན་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་མེདཔ་ལས་ཆོས་འབད་ནི་མི་ཁོམས། མུ་སྟེགས་ལོག་ལྟ་ཅན་ལུ་སྐྱེས་བ་ཅིན་ རང་རྒྱུད་ལོག་ལྟ་གིས་ཆོས་འབད་ནི་མི་ཁོམས། མུན་པའི་བསྐལ་པ་ལུ་སྐྱེས་བ་ཅིན་དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་གྱི་སྒྲ་ཙམ་ཡང་མི་གྲགས་ཏེ་ ལས་དགེ་སྡིག་གི་རྣམ་གཞག་ངོ་མ་ཤེས་པ་གིས་ཆོས་འབད་ནི་མི་ཁོམས། ལྐུག་པ་ལུ་སྐྱེས་བ་ཅིན་ཆོས་ལེགས་པར་བཤད་མི་ཚུ་རང་གིས་ཤེས་མི་ནུས་ཏེ་ ཆོས་འབད་ནི་མི་ཁོམས་པ་སྟེ་བརྒྱད་ཡིན་ནོ།། དེ་དག་མི་ཁོམས་པ་བརྒྱད་ལས་ལྡོག་པ་ལ་དལ་བ་བརྒྱད་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ཁྱད་པར་གྱི་ཆོས་འབྱོར་པ་ལུ། རང་འབྱོར་ལྔ་དང་། གཞན་འབྱོར་ལྔ་སྟེ་གཉིས་ལས། དང་པོ་རང་འབྱོར་ལྔ་ནི། ཇི་སྐད་དུ། (༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༥) ཡུལ་གྱི་དབུས་སུ་མིར་སྐྱེས་ཤིང་། །དབང་པོ་ཚང་ཞིང་གནས་ལ་དད། །ལས་མཐའ་མ་ལོག་མཐའ་རུ་ཕྱིན། །འདི་ལྔ་རང་གི་འབྱོར་པ་ཡིན། །ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར། དེ་ལས་གཞན་འབྱོར་ལྔ་ནི། སངསརྒྱས་འཇིག་རྟེན་དུ་བྱོན་པ་དང་། དམ་པའི་ཆོས་བསྟན་པ་དང་། ཆོས་བསྟན་པ་རྣམས་གནས་པ་དང་། ཆོས་གནས་པ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་སུ་འཇུག་པ་དང་། གཞན་གྱི་ཕྱིར་སྙིང་བརྩེ་བ་བྱེད་པའོ། ། དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་དལ་འབྱོར་རྣམ་གཉིས་འཛོམས་པ་ནི་ འབྱོར་པ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་མི་ལུས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཨིན་ནོ།། '''གསུམ་པ་དཔེའི་སྒོ་ནས་རྙེད་པར་དཀའ་ཚུལ་ནི།''' དེ་ལ་དཔེ་ནི་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་པའི་སྤྱོད་པ་ལ་འཇུག་པ་ལས། (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༨) དེ་ཉིད་ཕྱིར་ན་བཅོམ་ལྡན་གྱིས། །རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆེར་གཡེང་གཉའ་ཤིང་གི། །བུ་གར་རུས་སྦལ་མགྲིན་ཚུད་ལྟར། །མི་ཉིད་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཐོབ་དཀར་གསུངས།།ཞེས་པ་ལྟར་རོ།། གང་ནས་གསུངས་ན་ཡང་དག་པའི་ལུང་ལས་ཏེ། ཇི་སྐད་དུ། (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས ༡༨) ས་ཆེན་པོ་འདི་ཆུ་འབའ་ཞིག་ཏུ་གྱུར་ལ། དེར་མི་ཅིག་གིས་ གཉའ་ཤིང་བུ་ག་གཅིག་པ་ཅིག་བོར་བ་རླུང་གིས་ཕྱོགས་བཞིར་འཕྱོའོ། ། དེ་ན་རུས་སྦལ་ཞར་བ་ལོ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་དུ་མ་ཐུབ་པ་ཞིག་ ཅེས་བྱ་བ་ལ་སོགས་པ་གསུངས་སོ།། དེའི་གོ་བ་རྒྱས་པར་བཤད་ན། རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆེན་པོའི་ནང་གཉའ་ཤིང་བུ་ག་གཅིག་ཡོད་མི་འདི་རླུང་གིས་ཕར་ཚུར་འབག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། རྒྱ་མཚོ་དེའི་གཏིང་ན་རུས་སྦལ་མིག་ཏོ་ཞརཝ་ ལོ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་རེ་ན་མཚོ་ཡི་ཁར་ལན་རེ་འོང་མི་གཉིས་ཕྱད་པ་ལས་མི་ཡི་ལུས་འདི་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཐོབ་པར་དཀའོ། །དལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ལུས་ནི་རྒྱུ་དགེ་བ་བསགས་པ་ལས་ཐོབ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ ངན་སོང་ལུ་སྐྱེས་མི་འདི་དགེ་བའི་ལས་མ་འབད་བར་ མི་དགེ་བའི་ལས་སྡིག་པ་ར་འབདཝ་ལས་ཨིན་ནོ། ། '''བཞི་པ་གྲངས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་རྙེད་པར་དཀའ་ཚུལ་ནི།''' སེམས་ཅན་ཀྱི་གྲངས་དང་རིམ་པ་ལས་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ མི་ཡི་ལུས་རྟེན་འདི་ཐོབ་པར་དཀའ་བ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་དམྱལ་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་ནི་ ནུབ་མོའི་སྐར་མ་ཙམ་དང་། ཡི་དྭགས་ནི་ཉིན་མོའི་སྐར་མ་ཙམ་དང་། དུད་འགྲོ་སེམས་ཅན་ནི་སྐར་མ་ཙམ་དང་། བདེ་འགྲོ་ཉིན་མོའི་སྐར་མ་ཙམ་ལས་མེད་པ་གསུངས་འདུག། ད་རུང་གཞན་ཡང་དམྱལ་བ་ནི་ ས་ཆེན་པོའི་རྡུལ་གྱི་གྱངས་ཁ་ཙམ་དང། ཡི་དྭགས་ནི་ཡུལ་གངྒའི་ཆུ་འགྲམ་གྱི་ བྱེ་མའི་གྱངས་ཁ་ཙམ་དང་། དུད་འགྲོ་ནི་ཆང་འགག་གི་སྦང་མ་ཙམ་དང་། ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་ནི་ཁ་བའི་རླུང་འཚུབ་ཙམ་དང་། ལྷ་དང་མི་ཡི་གྱངས་ཁ་ནི་ སེན་མོའི་སྟེང་གི་རྡུལ་ཙམ་ལས་མེད་པ་གསུངས་སོ།། སྤྱིར་མཐོ་རིས་ཀྱི་ལུས་རྟེན་དཀོནམ་མ་ཚད་ དེ་ལས་ཀྱང་དལ་འབྱོར་མི་ཡི་ལུས་རྟེན་དཀོན། དེ་ཡང་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེས། (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས ༢༡) མི་ལུས་གྲངས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་རྙེད་དཀའ་བ། །དཀའ་འམ་མི་དཀའ་སེམས་ཅན་གྲངས་ལ་ལྟོས།། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ།།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== འཆི་བ་མི་རྟག་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ ཚེ་འདིའི་སྤྱོད་ཡུལ་ལུ་ཆགས་པའི་གཉེན་པོ་མི་རྟག་པ་བསྒོམ་ཚུལ་བཤད་པ་ཅིན་། དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱིར་འདུས་བྱས་ཐམས་ཅད་མི་རྟག་པ་ཨིན། སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཞལ་ལས་ཀྱང་། (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༤༡) དགེ་སློང་དག་འདུས་བྱས་ཐམས་ཅད་ནི་མི་རྟག་པའོ།། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ།  སྲིད་པ་ཁམས་གསུམ་གྱི་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་རྟག་པ་བརྟན་པ་མེད་པ་སྟོན་ཀའི་དུས་ཀྱི་སྤྲིན་དང་འདྲ་བ་དང་། ང་བཅས་འགྲོ་བ་ཚུ་སྐྱེ་ནི་དང་ཤི་ནི་འདི་ ཞབས་ཁྲ་རྐྱབ་མི་གིས་ལིའུ་མགྱོགས་པ་ར་སོར་འགྱོ་དོ་བཟུམ་དང་། འགྲོ་བ་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་ཚེ་འདི་ནམ་མཁའི་སྤྲིན་དང་འདྲ། དེ་ལས་རི་གཟར་གྱི་འབབ་པའི་ཆུ་བའི་རྒྱུན་སྐད་ཅིག་ཡུད་ཙམ་བཟུམ་ འདུས་བྱས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་དང་ མི་རྟག་པའི་མི་ཚེ་འདི་ སྐད་ཅིག་ལུ་མགྱོགས་དྲགས་སྦེ་འཇིག་སྟེ་འགྱོ་བའི་ཚུལ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་མདོ་སྡེ་རྒྱ་ཆེ་རོལ་པ་ལས། (ཕྱག་ཆེན་སྔོན་འགྲོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༢༢) སྲིད་གསུམ་མི་རྟག་སྟོན་ཀིའི་སྤྲིན་དང་འདྲ། །འགྲོ་བའི་སྐྱེ་འཆི་གར་ལ་ལྟ་དང་མཚུངས། །འགྲོ་བའི་ཚེ་འགྲོ་ནམ་མཁའི་གློག་འདྲ་སྟེ། །རི་གཟར་འབབ་ཆུ་ལྟ་བུར་མྱུར་མགྱོགས་འགྲོ།། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ། &lt;br&gt;

བསགས་པའི་ཐ་མ་ནི་འཛད། བསླང་བའི་ཐ་མ་ནི་འགྱེལ། འཕྲད་པའི་ཐ་མ་ནི་འབྲལ། གསོན་པའི་ཐ་མ་ནི་འཆི་བ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་བརྗོད་པའི་ཚོམས་ལས། (༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༤༡) བསགས་པ་ཀུན་གྱི་ཐ་འཛད་ཅིང་། །བསླང་བའི་ཐ་མ་འགྱེལ་བར་འགྱུར། །འཕྲད་པའི་མཐའ་ནི་འབྲལ་བ་སྟེ། །གསོན་པའི་མཐའ་ནི་འཆི་བར་འགྱུར།། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ།  མི་རྟག་པའི་དབྱེ་བ་ལུ་གཉིས་ཡོད་དེ། ༡-ཕྱི་སྣོད་ཀྱི་འཇིག་རྟེན་མི་རྟག་པ་དང་། ༢-ནང་བཅུད་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཅན་མི་རྟག་པའོ། ཕྱི་སྣོད་ཀྱི་འཇིག་རྟེན་མི་རྟག་པ་ལུ་ཡང་གཉིས་ཡོད། ༡-རགས་པའི་མི་རྟག་པ་དང་། ༢-ཕྲ་བའི་མི་རྟག་པའོ།  ནང་བཅུད་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཅན་མི་རྟག་པ་ལུ་ཡང་གཉིས་ཡོད། ༡-གཞན་མི་རྟག་པ་དང་། ༢-རང་མི་རྟག་པའོ།  '''ཕྱི་སྣོད་ཀྱི་རགས་པ་མི་རྟག་པ་སྒོམ་ཐབས་ནི། མར་གྱི་'''རླུང་གི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་ལས་ ཡར་བསམ་གཏན་བཞིའི་གནས་མན་ཆད་འདི་ རྟག་པའི་རང་བཞིན་ཏན་ཏན་མེདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་འཕྲལ་འཕྲལ་ བསམ་གཏན་དང་པོ་མན་ཆད་མེ་གིས་འཇིག། འཕྲལ་འཕྲལ་བསམ་གཏན་གཉིས་པ་མན་ཆད་ཆུ་གིས་འཇིག། འཕྲལ་འཕྲལ་བསམ་གཏན་གསུམ་པ་མན་ཆད་རླུང་གིས་འཇིགཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་མེ་གིས་བཤིག་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ཐལ་བ་ཙམ་ཡང་མི་ལུས། དཔེར་ན་ མར་འཚིགས་པ་དང་འདྲ་བའོ། །ཆུ་གིས་བཤིག་པའི་སྐབས་བཙོག་པ་ཙམ་ཡང་མི་ལུས། དཔེར་ན་ལན་ཚྭ་ཆུ་ལུ་ཐིམ་པ་དང་འདྲ་བའོ། །རླུང་གིས་བཤིག་པའི་སྐབས་ལྷག་མ་ཙམ་ཡང་མི་ལུས། དཔེར་ན་ཐལ་བ་རླུང་གིས་འབག་འགྱོ་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན།  དེ་ཡང་ཆོས་མངོན་པར་མཛོད་ལས། (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༤༣) མེ་ཡིས་བདུན་ནོ་ཆུ་ཡིས་གཅིག །དེ་ལྟར་ཆུ་བདུན་ཐལ་ནས་ཀྱང་། །མཇུག་ཏུ་རླུང་གིས་འཇིག་པ་ཡིན། །ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ།  དེ་ལས་བསམ་གཏན་བཞི་པའི་གནས་ནི་ མེ་ཆུ་རླུང་གསུམ་གྱིས་མི་འཇིག་སྟེ། ནང་གི་སེམས་ཅན་ཤི་སྟེ་རང་འཇིག་པ་ཡིན་ནོ།  '''གཉིས་པ་ཕྲ་བའི་མི་རྟག་པ་ནི།''' དུས་བཞི་འགྱུར་བའི་མི་རྟག་པ་དང་། ཉི་ཟླ་ཤར་ནུབ་ཀྱི་མི་རྟག་པ་དང་། སྐད་ཅིག་མ་གིས་མི་རྟག་པའོ། །'''དེ་ཡང་དང་པོ་དུས་བཞི་འགྱུར་བའི་མི་རྟག་པ།''' ནམ་ཟླ་དཔྱིད་བྱུང་བའི་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས་སྣོད་ཀྱི་འཇིག་རྟེན་འདི། ས་གཞི་ཡང་འབོལ་པོ། ཁ་དོག་ཀྱང་དམར་པོ། རྩྭ་དང་ཤིང་ཡང་ཁ་འབུས་མི་ཚུ་གེ་ར་ མི་རྟག་པ་འགྱུར་བའི་དུས་འོང་ངོ་། །ནམ་ཟླ་དབྱར་བྱུང་བའི་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས་ས་གཞི་ཡང་རློནམ། ཁ་དོག་ཡང་སྔོན་པོ། རྩྭ་ཤིང་ཡང་ལོ་འདབ་རྒྱས་སོ། ནམ་ཟླ་སྟོན་བྱུང་བའི་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས་ས་གཞི་ཡང་ས་ཀྲག། ཁ་དོག་ཀྱང་སེར་པོ། རྩྭ་ཤིང་ཡང་འབྲས་བུ་སྨིན། ནམ་ཟླ་དགུན་བྱུང་བའི་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས་ས་གཞི་ཡང་འཁྱེག། ཁ་དོག་ཀྱང་དཀར་པོ། རྩྭ་ཤིང་སྔ་སྔོ་ཡང་བསྐམས། དེ་ཚུ་གེ་ར་མི་རྟག་འགྱུར་བའི་དུས་འོང་ངོ་། །'''གཉིས་པ་ཉི་ཟླ་ཤར་ནུབ་ཀྱི་མི་རྟག་པ།''' ཉིན་མ་བྱུང་བའི་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས་སྣོད་ཀྱི་འཇིག་རྟེན་འདི་ཡང་དཀར་ཞིང་གསལ་བ་དང་། ཕྱི་རུ་བྱུང་བའི་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས་གནག་དུང་འགྱོ་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་མི་རྟག་འགྱུར་བའི་དུས་སོ། '''།གསུམ་པ་སྐད་ཅིག་མས་མི་རྟག་པ།'''&lt;br&gt;

སྐད་ཅིག་མ་ཧེ་མའི་དུས་ཀྱི་སྣོད་ཀྱི་འཇིག་རྟེན་དེ་སྐད་ཅིག་མ་ཕྱི་མའི་དུས་ལུ་མི་གནས་སོ། དཔེར་ན་འབབ་ཆུའི་རྒྱུན་ལྟ་བུའོ། &lt;br&gt;

'''ནང་བཅུད་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཅན་མི་རྟག་པ་ལ་གཉིས་ལས། དང་པོ་གཞན་མི་རྟག་པ་ནི།''' ཁམས་གསུམ་གྱི་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་མི་རྟག་པ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་འཕགས་པ་རྒྱ་ཆེ་རོལ་པ་ལས། སྲིད་གསུམ་མི་རྟག་ནམ་མཁའི་སྤྲིན་དང་འདྲ། །ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ།  རང་མི་རྟག་པ་ལུ། རང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་བརྟག་པ་དང་། གཞན་རྒྱུད་ལུ་སྦྱར་བ་སྟེ་གཉིས་སོ། '''དང་པོ་རང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་བརྟག་པ་སྒོམ་པ་ནི།''' འཆི་བ་སྒོམ་པ་དང་། འཆི་བའི་མཚན་ཉིད་སྒོམ་པ་དང་། ཚེ་འཛད་པ་སྒོམ་པ་དང་། འབྲལ་བ་སྒོམ་པའོ། ། '''དེ་ལུ་འཆི་བ་སྒོམ་པ་ནི།''' རང་འཇིག་རྟེན་འདི་ནང་ཡུན་རིངམོ་སྦེ་མི་སྡོད་ ཚེ་ཕྱི་མའི་དོན་ལུ་ཕན་པ་འབད་དགོ་ཟེར་མནོ་བསམ་བཏང་དགོ། འཆི་བའི་མཚན་ཉིད་སྒོམ་པ་ནི། རང་གི་སྲོག་འདི་ཟད། དབུགས་འདི་འགག། ལུས་འདི་རོ་ལུ་འགྱུར། སེམས་འདི་གཞན་ལུ་ཕར་ཚུར་འཁྱམ་དགོ་ཟེར་བསམ་དགོ། ཚེ་འཛད་པ་སྒོམ་པ་ནི། ན་ཧིང་ལས་དུས་ཅི་ལོ་གཅིག་སོང་། དེ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ཚེ་ཐུང་སུ་སོང་། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྤྱོད་པ་ལ་འཇུག་པ་ལས། (༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༤༦) ཉིན་མཚན་སྡོད་པ་ཡོང་མེད་པར། །ཚེ་འདི་རྟག་ཏུ་གོད་གྱུར་ཞིང་། །སྣོན་པ་གུད་ནས་ཡོང་མེད་ན། །བདག་ལྟ་འཆི་བར་ཅིས་མི་འགྱུར། །ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ། འབྲལ་བ་སྒོམ་པ་ནི། ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་པའི་ནོར་རྫས་དང་ ལུས་ལ་སོགས་པ་རྣམས་ མགྱོགས་པར་འབྲལ་འགྱོ་དགོ་ཟེར་བསམ་དགོམོ།ཡང་ན་ འཆི་བ་དགུ་ཕྲུགས་ཀྱི་ཚུལ་དུ་བསྒོམ་པ། བདག་ངེས་པར་འཆི་བ་པ་དང་། ནམ་འཆི་ཆ་མེད་པར་འཆི་བ་དང་། ཅིས་ཀྱང་མི་སྟོངས་པར་འཆི་སྙམ་དུ་བསམ་མོ། '''དེ་ཡང་ ངེས་པར་འཆི་བ་ལ་རྒྱུ་མཚན་གསུམ་ནི།''' ༡-སྔར་མ་ཤི་བ་ལུས་པ་མེད་པའི་ཕྱིར་དང་། ༢-ལུས་འདུས་བྱས་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིཕྱིར་དང་། ༣-ཚེ་སྐད་ཅིག་གིས་འཛད་པའི་ཕྱིར་ངེས་པར་འཆིའོ། '''དེ་ལ་ སྔར་མ་ཤི་བ་ལུས་པ་མེད་པ་གིས་ངེས་པར་འཆི་བ་ནི།''' སློབ་དཔོན་རྟ་དབྱངས་ཀྱི་ཞལ་ལས། (༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༤༧) སའམ་འོན་ཏེ་མཐོ་རིས་ན། །སྐྱེས་ནས་ལ་ལ་མ་ཤི་བ། །འགའ་ཞིག་ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་མཐོང་བའམ། །ཐོས་སམ་འོན་ཏེ་ཐེ་ཚོམ་ཟ། །ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ། དེ་ཡང་དྲང་སྲོང་རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་ མངོན་ཤེས་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ མི་འཆི་བའི་ས་ཕྱོགས་ཐར་ས་མི་རྙེད་པར་ཐམས་ཅད་འཆི་བ་ཨིན། '''ལུས་འདུས་བྱས་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིར་ངེས་པར་འཆི་བ་ནི།''' སྤྱིར་འདུས་བྱས་ཐམས་ཅད་མི་རྟག་པ་ཨིན། ལུས་འདི་འདུས་བྱས་ཨིནམ་ལས་མི་རྟག་སྟེ་ངེས་པར་འཆིའོ། '''ཚེ་སྐད་ཅིག་གིས་འཛད་པའི་ཕྱིར་ན་ངེས་པར་འཆི་བ་ནི།''' ཚེ་སྐད་ཅིག་མ་རེ་རེ་རྫོགསཔ་ད་ འཆི་བའི་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ཐག་ཉེ་སར་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན། '''ནམ་འཆི་ཆ་མེད་ཀྱི་ཚུལ་གྱིས་འཆི་བ་ལུ་ཡང་རྒྱུ་མཚན་གསུམ་ཡོད་དེ།'''  དང་པོ་'''ཚེ་ལུ་ངེས་པ་མེད་པ་ནི།''' འགྲོ་བ་གཞན་ནམ། གླིང་གཞན་གྱི་མི་ཚེ་ལུ་ངེས་པ་ཡོད་རུང་། འཛམ་གླིང་གི་མིའི་ཚེ་ལུ་ངེས་པ་མེད། ཆོས་མངོན་པ་མཛོད་ལས། (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༥༠) འདི་ན་མ་ངེས་ཐ་མར་ནི། །ལོ་བཅུ་དང་པོ་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད། །ཅེས་གསུངས་སོ། གཉིས་པ་'''ལུས་ལུ་སྙིང་པོ་མེད་པ་ནི།''' ལུས་འདི་ལུ་མི་གཙང་བའི་རྫས་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་དྲུག་མ་གཏོགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་མེད། གསུམ་པ་'''འཆི་བའི་རྐྱེན་མང་བ་ནི།''' རང་དང་གཞན་ཐམས་ཅད་འཆི་བའི་རྐྱེན་ལེ་ཤ་འགྱུར་བ་ཡོད་དེ་། ཅིས་ཀྱང་མི་སྟོངས་པར་འཆི་བ་ལུ་ཡང་རྒྱུ་མཚན་གསུམ་ཡོད། '''༡-ཟས་ཀྱིས་མི་སྟོངས་པ་ནི།''' ནོར་ཟས་ཀྱི་ཚེ་ད་རེས་འཐབ་རྩོད་དང་། བསྲུང་བྲན་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། ཕྱི་མ་དེའི་རྣམ་སྨིན་གྱིས་ངན་སོང་ལུ་སྐྱེས་སོ། ། '''༢-དེ་ལ་གཉེན་བཤེས་ཀྱིས་མི་སྟོངས་པ་ནི།''' རང་གི་གཉེན་དང་ཆ་རོགས་འཆི་བ་ལུ་མི་སྟོངས་པར་མ་ཟད་ འདི་ཕྱི་གཉིས་ཀ་ལུ་གནོདཔ་ཨིན། '''༣-རང་གི་ལུས་ཀྱིས་མི་སྟོངས་པ་ནི།''' ལུས་ཀྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱིས་མི་སྟོངས་པ་དང་། ལུས་རང་གི་དངོས་པོ་གིས་མི་སྟོངས་པའོ།  &lt;br&gt;

'''གཞན་རྒྱུད་དང་སྦྱར་བ་ལུ་གསུམ་ཡོད་དེ། ༡-གཞན་ཤི་བ་མིག་གིས་མཐོང་བ་ནི།''' ལུས་ཀྱི་སྟོབས་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཚུ་སྟོབས་ཤུགས་མར་ཉམས་འགྱོ། ཚོར་བ་བདེ་བ་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཚུ་ཚོར་བ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དུ་སོང་། '''༢-གཞན་ཤི་བ་རྣ་བས་ཐོས་པ་ནི།''' གཞན་མི་གཅིག་ཤི་སོ་ནུག་ཟེར་གོ་བ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ རང་ཡང་འདི་ལས་མཐར་དགོ་ཟེར་མནོ་བསམ་གཏང་དགོ། '''༣-གཞན་འཆི་བ་སེམས་ལུ་དྲན་པ་ནི།''' རང་དང་མི་གཞན་གྱི་སྤུན་ཆ་རྒན་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཤི་སྟེ་ དེ་བཞིན་རང་ཡང་ཤི་དགོ་ཟེར་མནོ་བསམ་གཏང་དགོ། དེ་ཡང་མདོ་ལས། (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༥༤) སང་དང་འཇིག་རྟེན་ཕྱི་མ་གཉིས། །སྔོན་དུ་གང་འོང་གཏོལ་མེད་པས། །སང་གི་ཚེ་ལ་མི་འབད་པར། །ཕྱི་མའི་དོན་ལ་འབད་པར་རིགས། །ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== འཁོར་བའི་ཉེས་དམིགས་བསྟན་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;མདོ་སྡེ་རྒྱ་ཆེ་རོལ་པ་ལས། (ཕྱག་ཆེན་སྔོན་འགྲོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༦༡) སྲིད་གསུམ་རྒ་དང་ནད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འབར། །འདི་ན་འཆི་མེ་རབ་འབར་མགོན་མེད་དེ། །སྲིད་ལས་འབྱུང་ལ་འགྲོ་བ་རྟག་ཏུ་རྨོངས། །བུམ་པར་ཆུད་པའི་བུང་བ་འཁོར་བ་བཞིན། །ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ། དེ་ཡང་སྲིད་པ་གསུམ་མམ་ཁམས་གསུམ་གྱི་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ སྐད་ཅིག་གིས་སྐྱེས་ཏེ་འཇིག་འགྱོ་མི་ལུ་འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། མཐོ་རིས་གསུམ་ནང་འཆི་འཕོ་ལྟུང་དང་ སྐྱེ་རྒ་ན་འཆི་སོགས་འགྱུར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། ངན་སོང་གསུམ་ནང་ཚ་གྲང་དང་བཀྲེས་སྐོམ་ལ་སོགས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཏེ་ བཟོད་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བསམ་གྱིས་མི་ཁྱབ་པའི་མེ་རབ་ཏུ་འབར་བ་གིས་འཚིགས་ཏེ་བདེ་བ་མེད། མདོ་དྲན་པ་ཉེར་བཞག་ལས། (༢༠༡༢ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༦༡) འཁོར་བ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྩེ་ཙམ་ལ། །བདེ་བ་ནམ་ཡང་ཡོད་མ་ཡིན། །ཞེས་གསུངས། རང་དང་འགྲོ་བ་རྣམས་རྨོངས་ཏེ་ རྒྱུ་ལས་ཉོན་ལུ་སྤྱོད་པ་ལས་ འབྲས་བུ་ཁམས་གསུམ་ལུ་འཁོར་བ་ཡིན། དཔེར་ན་ བུམ་པའི་ནང་བུང་བ་བཙུགས་བཞག་སྦེ་ བུང་བ་བུམ་པའི་ནང་ལས་ ཕྱི་ཁར་འཐོན་འགྱོ་མ་ཚུགས་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན་ནོ། &lt;br&gt;

དེ་ལྟར་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དཔེའི་སྒོ་ལས་བཤད་པ་ཅིན། འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་ཤིང་འབྲས་ མ་སྨིན་པ་དང་འདྲ་བ་དང་། འགྱུར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་ འབྲས་དུག་དང་འདྲེས་འདྲེསཔ་ ཟ་བ་དང་འདྲ་བ་དང་། དེ་ལས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་ འབྲས་ཀྱི་སྟེང་ལུ་རུལ་བ་དང་འདྲའོ། ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གསུམ་པོ་རང་གི་ངོ་བོའི་སྒོ་ལས་བཤད་པ་ཅིན། འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་ ཚོར་བ་བཏང་སྙོམས་དང་། འགྱུར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་ ཚོར་བ་བདེ་བ་དང་། སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་ ཚོར་བ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཨིན། ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གསུམ་པོ་མཚན་ཉིད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་བཤད་པ་ཅིན། '''དང་པ་འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི།''' ང་བཅས་ཉེ་བར་ལེན་པའི་ཕུང་པོ་འཐོབ་པ་ཙམ་གྱིས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་ལྡནམ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་སོ་སོའི་སྐྱེ་བོ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་མི་ཚོར། དཔེར་ན། འབུ་ཉེན་ཅན་གྱི་ནད་ཡོད་པའི་སྐབས། རྣ་བ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལུས་ཀྱིས་མ་ཤེས་པའི་ན་ཟུག་མི་ཚོར། དེ་འབདཝ་ད་འཕགས་པ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་འདུ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གཟིགས་ཚུགས། དཔེར་ན། འབུ་ཉེན་ཅན་གྱི་ནད་ཡོད་པ་ཚོརཝ་མ་ཚད་ རྣ་བ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལུས་ཀྱི་མ་ཤེས་པའི་ན་ཟུག་ཡང་ཚོརཝ་ཨིན། '''གཉིས་པ་འགྱུར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི།''' འཁོར་བའི་བདེ་བ་ཐམས་ཅད་མཐར་གྱུར་ཏེ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དུ་འགྱོ་འོང་། དེ་ཡང་ སྙིང་རྗེ་པདྨ་དཀར་པོའི་མདོ་ལས། (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༥༧) ལྷའི་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ནི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འབྱུང་བའི་རྒྱུ་ལགས་སོ། །མི་རྣམས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཀྱང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་འབྱུང་བའི་རྒྱུ་ལགས་སོ། །ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ། མིའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་འཁོར་ལོ་སྒྱུར་བ་ལྟ་བུའི་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཐོབ་རུང་། མཐར་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལུ་འགྱུར། བཤེས་སྤྲིང་ལས་ཀྱང་། (༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༥༧) འཁོར་ལོ་སྒྱུར་རྒྱལ་ཉིད་དུ་གྱུར་ནས་ཀྱང་། །འཁོར་བ་དག་ན་ཡང་བྲན་ཉིད་དུ་འགྱུར། །ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ། '''གསུམ་པ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི།''' དེ་ལ་ངན་འགྲོའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། བདེ་འགྲོའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཏེ་གཉིས་སོ། དེ་ལ་ དང་པོ་ངན་འགྲོའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལུ། ངན་སོང་དམྱལ་བ་ཡི་དྭགས་དུད་འགྲོ་གསུམ་ཨིན། དེ་ཚུ་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི། དང་པོ་དམྱལ་བ་ལུ། ཚ་བའི་དམྱལ་བ་བརྒྱད། གྲང་བའི་དམྱལ་བ་བརྒྱད། ཉི་ཚེ་བ་དང་། ཉེ་འཁོར་བ་གཉིས་ཏེ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་ཡོད། དེ་ནང་ཚ་བ་དང་གྲང་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བསམ་གྱིས་མི་ཁྱབ་པ་མྱོང་དགོ། '''གཉིས་པ་ཡི་དྭགས་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི།''' རང་གིས་འཚོ་བ་ལ་ཕན་པའི་ཟས་སོགས་འགས་ནས་ མི་གཙང་བ་ཁྲག་དང་རྣག་ཨ་ཝ་ཡང་མི་འཐོབ་པའི་ཁར་ ཁོང་ར་གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་གདོང་སྐོར་སྦེ་ཕྱད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ བཟོ་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཉེས་པ། མགྲིན་པར་ལྦ་བ་མཐོང་བ་དང་ལྦ་བ་འདི་སྨིན་ནས་ དེའི་ནང་ནས་ཁྲག་དང་རྣག་སོགས་མཐོང་བ་དང་། ཡི་དྭགས་ཀྱི་གནས་འདི་ཁར་ གནམ་སོ་ཁའི་དུས་སུ་ཟླ་བ་ལས་ཡང་ཚ་བ་དང་ དགུན་གྱི་དུས་སུ་ཉི་མ་ལས་ཡང་གྲང་བ་སོགས་བྱུང་བ་དང་། ལྗོན་ཤིང་འདི་ཚུ་ཡོད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ ལས་ཀྱི་དབང་གིས་འབྲས་བུ་བཏགས་ནི་མེདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཁོང་ཚུ་གིས་ལྟ་བ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ ཆུ་དང་རླུང་ཚུ་ཡང་བསྐམས་འགྱོ་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དཔག་མེདཔ་ཅིག་མྱོང་དགོཔ་ཨིན། མདོར་ན་ཡི་དྭགས་ཀྱི་གནས་སུ་ རང་གི་ལས་མ་ཟད་ཚུན་ བཀྲེས་པ་དང་སྐོམ་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ ལོ་སྟོང་སྦེ་མྱོངམ་ཨིན། '''གསུམ་པ་དུད་འགྲོའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི།''' མདོར་ན་དུད་འགྲོ་ལ་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། བསད་བཅད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་ཟའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཏེ་གསུམ་མོ། དེ་ཡང་ དང་པོ་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི། དུད་འགྲོ་ནི་རང་དབང་མེད་པའི་རྐྱེན་ལས་ ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ཞིང་རྨོ། ལ་ལུ་ཁུར་ཆ་བཀལ། ལ་ལུ་ཤིང་རྟ་འཐེནམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ བྱ་བ་མང་པོ་བཀོལ་བ་ཡིན། དེའི་སྐབས་དུད་འགྲོ་རྣམས་འུ་སྡུག་རུང་ངལ་འཚོ་ནིའི་རང་དབང་མེད། ཁ་སྐོམ་ལྟོཝ་བཀྱེས་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་ ཁ་སླབ་མ་ཤེས་པའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ བཀྲེས་སྐོམ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་ངང་ལུ་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་དཔག་མེད་དོ། གཉིས་པ་བསད་བཅད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི། དུད་འགྲོ་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ ལས་ཀྱི་དབང་གིས་ ཤ་དང་པགས་པའི་ཆེད་དུ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་དང་། ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་མུ་ཏིག་དང་རུས་པའི་དོན་ལུ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་སོགས་ལ་གོ་བ་ཡིན། གསུམ་པ་གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་ཟའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི། དུད་འགྲོ་སོགས་རྨོངས་པའི་དབང་གིས་ གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་ཟའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཆེ། དཔེར་ན་ སྟག་གིས་ཀ་ཤ་དང་བ་གླང་སོགས་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་པ་དང་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་ནང་ཉ་ཆེ་བས་ཆུང་བ་ཟ་བ་སོགས་དཔེ་དུ་མའོ། ། '''བདེ་འགྲོའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལུ་གསུམ། དང་པོ་མིའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི།''' ཇི་སྐད་དུ། མངལ་འཇུག་གི་མདོ་ལས།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་བཞིན་དུ་སྐྱེ་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལོ། །རྒ་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། ། &lt;br&gt;

ན་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །འཆི་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། ། &lt;br&gt;

སྡུག་པ་དང་བྲལ་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །མི་སྡུག་པ་དང་ཕྲད་པ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །&lt;br&gt;

གང་འདོད་པ་བརྩམས་ཏེ་མ་རྙེད་པ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། །ཡོད་པ་བསྲུང་དཀའ་བ་ཡང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡིན་ནོ། ། (ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན ༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༠) '''གཉིས་པ་ལྷའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི།''' སྤྱིར་ལྷ་གེ་ར་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་དང་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཡོད་རུང་ སེམས་གཡེང་བའི་དབང་གིས་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་སྒྲུབ་པའི་དུས་དང་མནོ་བསམ་མི་སྐྱེད། ད་ལྟོ་ཚེ་རིང་བའི་བར་ བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ངང་ལུ་སྡོད་རུང་ དུས་ནམ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ད་ ཚེ་ཟད་དེ་ཤི་ནི་ཡོད། རྒྱལ་ཆེན་རིགས་བཞི་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ འདོད་ལྷ་རིགས་དྲུག་ཚུན་ འཆི་འཕོ་ལྟུང་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོ། དེ་ཡང་ཤི་བའི་སྐབས་ འཆི་འཕོའི་རྟགས་ལྔ་ཤར་ནི་ཡོད་དེ། གོས་ལུ་དྲི་མ་འབྱུང་བ་དང་། མེ་ཏོག་ཕྲེང་བ་རྙིངམ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་། ཨེ་ཙི་གཉིས་ཀྱི་འོག་ལས་ རྔུལ་ཆུ་འབྱུང་བ་དང་། ལུས་དྲིམ་ཧུ་ཧུ་འབྱུང་བ་དང་། རང་གི་སྡོད་ས་ལུ་མི་དགའ་བ་འགྱུར་ནི་དང་ལྔ་ཨིན། ། '''གསུམ་པ་ལྷ་མིན་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ནི།''' ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་ལུ་ལྷའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་ཆ་འདྲ་བ་ཡོད་པའི་གུར་ང་རྒྱལ་དང་། ཕྲག་དོག་དང་། འཐབ་རྩོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡོད། དེ་ལྟར་ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ལས། (༢༠༠༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༩) ལྷ་མིན་དག་ནི་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ལྷ་ཡི། །དཔལ་ལ་སྡང་ཕྱིར་ཡིད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཆེ། ། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ། སྤྱིར་འབྱོར་པ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་སོགས་ ལྷ་དང་འགྲན་ནུས་ཙམ་ཡོད་རུང་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་ར་མ་རིག་པ་ ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ཕྲག་དོག་གི་ལས་ལུ་གོམས་པ་ལས། ལུས་རྟེན་དེ་ཡང་ཕྲག་དོག་གི་འདུ་ཤེས་སྦོམ་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་སྐྱེས། རང་གི་གནས་ནའམ་གནས་གཞན་ལུ་ མ་མཐུན་པ་ལས་འཐབ་རྩོད་སོགས་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོངམ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས་བསྟན་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;ལས་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ཆོས་མངོན་པ་མཛོད་ལས། འཇིག་རྟེན་སྣ་ཚོགས་ལས་ལས་སྐྱེ། །ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ འཇིག་རྟེན་སྣ་ཚོགས་ ལས་ལས་བརྟེན་སྐྱེཝ་ཨིན། ལས་ལུ་བསམ་པའི་ལས་དང་ སེམས་པའི་ལས་ཟེར་གཉིས་ཡོད། སེམས་པའི་ལས་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སེམས་པའི་ལས་ནི་ཡིད་ཀྱི་ལས་ཨིནམ་དང་ བསམ་པའི་ལས་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སེམས་ཀྱི་ག་མནོཝ་ ལུས་དང་ངག་གིས་འབད་མིའི་ལས་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན། ལས་འབྲས་བཤད་པ་འདི་ ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ལྟར་བཤད་པ་ཅིན། འདི་ལུ་དབྱེ་ན་གསུམ་ཡོད། དང་པ་བསོད་ནམས་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས། གཉིས་པ་བསོད་ནམས་ཀྱི་ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས། གསུམ་པ་མི་གཡོ་བའི་ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས་དང་གསུམ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

'''དང་པ་བསོད་ནམས་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ལས་ བཤད་པའི་སྐབས་མི་དགེ་བ་བཅུ་གི་སྒོ་ལས་བཤད་ནི་ཨིན། དང་པ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་ལ་དབྱེ་ན།''' འདོད་ཆགས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ནས་ ཤ་དང་པགས་པ་ལ་སོགས་པ་དོན་ལུ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་དང་། འཁོན་ཞུགས་པ་ཐོག་ ཞེ་སྡང་གི་སྒོ་ནས་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་དང་། གཏི་མུག་གི་སྒོ་ནས་མཆོད་པ་དང་ སྦྱིན་པའི་དོན་ལུ་སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་གསུམ་ཡོད། དེའི་རྣམ་པར་སྨིན་པའི་འབྲས་བུ་སེམས་ཅན་དམྱལ་བ་ལུ་སྐྱེཝ་ཨིན། དེས་རྒྱུ་མཐུན་པའི་འབྲས་བུ་ མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་རུང་ཚེ་ཐུང་ནི་དང་ ནད་མངམ་སྦེ་སྐྱེ་འོང་། དེའི་དབང་གིས་འབྲས་བུ་ གཡུས་མ་དགའ་ས་མཐའ་ཟུར་ཚུ་ནང་སྐྱེཝ་ཨིན། སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་ལས་ ཕ་ཡང་ཡིན་ལ་དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ་ཡང་ཨིན་མི་ སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་འདི་སྡིག་པ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཨིན་ནོ།  ། '''གཉིས་པ་མ་བྱིན་པར་ལེན་པ་ལུ་དབྱེ་ན་གསུམ་''' མཐུས་མ་བྱིན་པར་ལེན་པ་ཟེར་ དབང་བཙན་ཐོག་འབག་ནི་དང་། གཞན་གྱིས་མ་ཤེསཔ་སྦེ་ཙག་བཏང་འབག་ནི། གཡོ་སྒྱུ་ཐོག་མ་བྱིན་པ་ལེན་པ་ཟེར་ གཞན་མི་ལུ་ཤོབ་རྐྱབ་སྦེ་ བྲེ་སྲང་ལ་སོགས་ཐོག་ལས་འབག་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། དེའི་རྣམ་པར་སྨིན་པའི་འབྲས་བུ་ ཡི་དྭགས་ལུ་སྐྱེ་འོང་། རྒྱུ་མཐུན་པའི་འབྲས་བུ་ མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་རུང་ ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་མ་ལངས་བ་ སྤྱང་ཀ་སྦེ་སྐྱེ་འོང་། དབང་གི་འབྲས་བུ་ གཡུས་ས་སེརཔོ་མང་སུ་ཡོད་ས་སྐྱེ་འོང་། མ་བྱིན་པར་ལེན་པ་ལས་ དཀོན་མཆོག་གི་རྒྱུ་ནོར་ཨརཝ་བརྐུ་ནི་འདི་ སྡིག་པ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། '''གསུམ་པ་འདོད་པའི་ལོག་པར་གཡེམ་པ་ལུ་དབྱེ་ན་གསུམ།''' རིགས་ཟེར་ རང་གི་ཨའི་དང་ཨ་ཞེམོ་ཚུ་ལུ་ལོག་པར་སྤྱོད་ནི། བདག་པོས་སྲུང་བ་ཟེར་ རོགས་ཀྱི་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ལོག་པར་སྤྱོད་ནི། ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྲུང་བ་ཟེར་རང་གི་གཉེནམ་མེན་མི། ཡན་ལག་ཁ་དང་བཤང་ལམ་ཚུ་ནང་བཙུགས་ནི། ཡུལ་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཟེར་ གནས་བཟང་ས་དང་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ མཆོད་རྟེན་ཚུ་གི་ཉེ་འདབས་ལུ་སྤྱོད་ནི། དུས་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཟེར་ ཨ་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ད་དང་ ཨ་ལུ་ཨོམ་འཐུང་བའི་སྐབས་དང་། ཉིན་མ་ཉིམ་ཤར་སྡོད་པའི་སྐབས་སྤྱོད་ནི། ཚད་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཟེར་ གྱངས་ཁ་ལྔ་ལས་ལྷགཔ་འབད་ནི། རིགས་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཟེར་ ཕོ་གི་ཕོ་དང་མ་ནིང་གི་ཁ་དང་བཤང་ཚུ་ནང་སྤྱོད་ནི་ཚུ་མི་བཏུབ་ཨིན། དེའི་རྣམ་པར་སྨིན་པའི་ལས་ ཡི་དྭགས་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནི། རྒྱུ་མཐུན་པའི་འབྲས་བུ་ མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་རུང་རང་གི་དགྲ་རང་གི་གཉེནམ་སྦེ་སྐྱེ་འོང་། དབང་གི་འབྲས་བུ་ གཡུས་ཐལཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་སར་སྐྱེ་འོང་། འདོད་ལོག་ལས་ རང་གི་མ་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ དགྲ་བཅོམ་པ་ཨིན་མི་ལོག་པར་སྤྱོད་པ་འདི་སྡིག་པ་ཆེཝ་ཨིན། '''བཞི་པ་རྫུན་སྨྲ་བ་ལུ་''' ཕམ་པའི་རྫུན་ཟེར་ མི་ཆོས་བླ་མའི་རྫུན་སླབ་ནི། རྫུན་ཆེན་པོ་ཟེར་ རང་དང་གཞན་ལུ་ཕན་གནོད་ཡོད་པའི་ཤོབ་སླབ་ནི། རྫུན་ཕྲ་མོ་ཟེར་ ཕན་གནོད་མེད་པའི་ཤོབ་སླབ་ནི་ཟེར་དབྱེ་བ་གསུམ་ཡོད། དེའི་རྣམ་པར་སྨིན་པའི་འབྲས་བུ་ དུད་འགྲོ་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནི། རྒྱུ་མཐུན་གྱི་འབྲས་བུ་ མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་རུང་རང་ལུ་སྐྱོན་ལྟ་མི་ལེ་ཤ་འོངམ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
དབང་གི་འབྲས་བུ་ ཁ་དྲིམ་མནམ་མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་འོང་། ཤོབ་སླབ་མི་ལས་ དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་ལ་སྐུར་པ་བཏབ་ནི་དང་ བླ་མ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཤོབ་སླབ་ནི་ཚུ་སྡིག་པ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཨིན། '''ལྔ་པ་ཕྲ་མ་ལུ་དབྱེ་ན།''' བཙན་ཕྲ་ཟེར་ ཆ་རོགས་གཉིས་དབང་བཙན་ཐོག་ཁ་ཕྱལ་གཏང་ནི། གཞོག་ཕྲ་ཟེར་ དགོད་བྲའི་ཐོག་ལས་ མི་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་དཀྲོགས་ཏེ་ཁ་ཕྱལ་ནི། ལྐོག་ཕྲ་ཟེར་ ཆ་རོགས་གཉིས་ཡོད་ས་ལས་གཅིག་ལུ་དཀྲོག་ནི། དེའི་འབྲས་བུ་དམྱལ་བ་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནི་དང་། མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་རུང་རང་གི་ཆ་རོགས་ཚུ་དང་ཁ་འབྱལ་འགྱོ་འོང་། གཡུས་མཐོ་ན་མཐོ་དྲགས་དམའ་ན་དམའ་དྲགས་ནང་སྐྱེ་འོང་། ཕྲ་མ་ལས་ འཕགས་པའི་དགེ་འདུན་ཚུ་ཁ་འབྲལ་གཏང་མི་འདི་སྡིག་པ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཨིན། '''དྲུག་པ་ཚིག་རྩུབ་ལུ་དབྱེ་ན་གསུམ།''' གཞན་མི་ལུ་སྐྱོན་བལྟ་སྟེ་ཚིག་རྩུབ་སླབ་ནི། ངག་འཁྱལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་གཞན་ལུ་ཚིག་རྩུབ་སླབ་ནི། རང་གི་ཆ་རོགས་ཚུ་ལུ་ཚིག་ངན་ཚུ་ དགོད་བྲོ་ཐོག་ཚིག་རྩུབ་སླབ་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། དེའི་འབྲས་བུ་ དམྱལ་བ་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནི་དང་། མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་རུང་སེམས་ཁར་མ་འབབ་པའི་ཚིག་དང་ རྣ་བར་མ་ཧན་པའི་ཚིག་ཉན་དགོཔ་འབྱུང་འོང་། གཡུས་ས་སྐམ་ཀྲོག་ཀྲོ་དང་ སྡིག་པའི་ལཱ་དགའ་མི་གཡུས་ལུ་སྐྱེ་འོང་། ཚིག་རྩུབ་ལས་ འཕགས་པ་རྣམས་ལུ་གནོད་པའི་ཚིག་སླབ་ནི་འདི་སྡིག་པ་ཆེཝ་ཨིན་ནོ།། '''བདུན་པ་ངག་འཁྱལ་ལུ་དབྱེ་ན་གསུམ་སྟེ།''' མུ་སྟེགས་པའི་ཁ་ཐུན་གཏང་ནི། ཞབས་ཁྲ་དང་དོན་མེད་ཀྱི་གཏམ་སླབ་ནི། ཆོས་ཉན་འདོད་མེད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ཆོས་བཤད་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། དེའི་འབྲས་བུ་དུད་འགྲོ་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནི། མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་རུང་རང་གི་སླབ་མི་ལུ་མི་ཉན་ནི དེ་ལས་ གཡུས་བྱར་དང་དགུན་ཟེར་མེད་མི་ནང་སྐྱེ་འོང་། ངག་འཁྱལ་ལས་ཆོས་ལུ་འདོད་པ་སེམས་ཡེངས་མི་འདི་སྡིག་པ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཨིན། '''བརྒྱད་པ་བརྣབ་སེམས་ལུ།''' རང་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱུ་ནོར་ལུ་ཆགས་ནི། གཞན་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་བལྟ་སྟེ་སེམས་ཆགས་ནི། བདག་གཞན་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་གི་མེན་པའི་ནོར་ལུ་ཆགས་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། དེའི་འབྲས་བུ་ ཡི་དྭགས་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནི་དང་། མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་རུང་འདོད་ཆགས་ཤས་ཆེ་བ་སྐྱེ་ནི། གཡུས་འབྲུ་སྣ་མ་སྐྱེ་ས་ལུ་སྐྱེ་འོང་། བརྣབ་སེམས་ལས་ ཡང་དག་པ་སྤོང་བ་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུ་ལུ་ཆགས་ནིའདི་སྡིག་པ་ཆེཝ་ཨིན། '''དགུ་པ་གནོད་སེམས་ལ་དབྱེ་ན།''' གཞན་ལུ་ཞེ་སྡང་སྐྱེ་ནས་བྱུང་བའི་སེམས། རང་ལུ་འདྲན་འདྲ་འབད་མི་ལུ་མ་རངས་པའི་སེམས། རང་ལུ་གནོད་པ་འབད་མི་ལུ་ འཁོན་འཛིན་ལས་བྱུང་བའི་སེམས་གསུམ་ཡོད། དེའི་འབྲས་བུ་ནི་ དམྱལ་བ་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནི་དང་། མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་རུང་ཞེ་སྡང་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་སྐྱེ་ནི། ཞིང་རྩུབ་པའི་གཡུས་ནང་སྐྱེ་འོང་། གནོད་སེམས་ལས་མཚམས་མེད་པ་གཤོམ་པར་བྱེད་པ་འདི་སྡིག་པ་ཆེཝ་ཨིན། '''བཅུ་པ་ལོག་པར་ལྟ་བ་ལ་དབྱེ་ན།''' ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས་མི་འདོད་པ། བདེན་པ་བཞི་ལུ་མི་འདོད་པ་དང་། དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལུ་སྐུར་པ་བཏབ་ནི་གསུམ་ཨིན། དེའི་འབྲས་བུ་ དུད་འགྲོ་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནི་དང་། མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་རུང་གཏི་མུག་ཤས་ཆེ་བ་ལུ་སྐྱེ་འོང་། འབྲས་བུ་མེད་པའི་ས་ལུ་སྐྱེ་འོང་། ལོག་ལྟ་ལས་ལྟ་བ་ཚུ་ལུ་ལོག་ལྟ་འདི་སྡིག་པ་ཆེཝ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;

'''གཉིས་པ་བསོད་ནམས་ཀྱི་ལས་ནི་ མི་དགེ་བ་བཅུ་སྤང་པ་ཅིན་དགེ་བ་བཅུ་ཨིན།''' དེ་ཚུ་གི་འབྲས་བུ་ འདོད་པའི་ཁམས་ལྷ་དང་མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནི་དང་། མི་དགེ་བ་བཅུ་སྤང་པ་ཅིན་ དཔེར་ན་ སྲོག་གཅོད་པ་སྤང་པ་ཅིན་རང་ཚེ་རིང་འོང་། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་གཞན་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ རང་ལུ་འབྲས་བུ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་འཐོབ་ཨིན། གཡུས་ཡང་མངོན་མཐོ་ལྷ་མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནི་དང་ མི་ལུ་སྐྱེ་རུང་གཡུས་དགའ་ས་ལུ་སྐྱེཝ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་རིན་ཆེན་ཕྲེང་བ་ལས་ མ་ཆགས་ཞེ་སྡང་གཏི་མུག་མེད། །དེས་བསྐྱེད་ལས་ནི་དགེ་བ་ཡིན། །དགེ་ལས་བདེ་འགྲོ་ཐམས་ཅད་དང་། །སྐྱེ་བ་ཀུན་ཏུ་བདེ་བ་དག ། ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ༼ཚད་མེད་བཞིའི་སྐོར།༽ ===
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་བདེ་བ་དང་བདེ་བའི་རྒྱུ་དང་ལྡན་པར་གྱུར་ཅིག། སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རྒྱུ་དང་བྲལ་བར་གྱུར་ཅིག། སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མེད་པའི་བདེ་བ་དང་མི་འབྲལ་བར་གྱུར་ཅིག། སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་བདེ་སྡུག་གི་རྒྱུ་ཆགས་སྡང་ཉེ་རིང་དང་བྲལ་བའི་བཏང་སྙོམས་ཆེན་པོ་ལ་ཡུན་རིང་དུ་གནས་པར་གྱུར་ཅིག །ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ དམིགས་ཡུལ་ཁམས་གསུམ་འཁོར་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཚད་མེད་པ་ལུ་ ཚད་མེད་པའི་བློ་རྣམས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ འབྲས་བུ་འདིའི་ཕན་ཡོན་ཡང་ཚོགས་ཚད་མེད་པར་རྫོགས་པ་དང་ ཡེ་ཤེས་ཚད་མེད་པར་རང་གི་སྤྱོད་ཡུལ་དུ་གྱུར་པའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་གྱིས་ ཚད་མེད་བཞི་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། ཚད་མེད་བཞི་ཟེར་གྱངས་ཁ་ངེས་དགོ་པའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་འདི་ཡང་། དང་པ་གནོད་སེམས་ཀྱི་གཉེན་པོ་ལུ་བྱམས་པ་ཚད་མེད་དང་། གཉིས་པ་གནོད་འཚེ་གི་གཉེན་པོ་ལུ་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཚད་མེད་དང་། གསུམ་པ་གཞན་གྱི་བདེ་བ་ལུ་མི་དགའ་བའི་གཉེན་པོ་ལུ་དགའ་བ་ཚད་མེད་དང་། བཞི་པ་ཆགས་སྡང་གི་གཉེན་པོ་ལུ་བཏང་སྙོམས་ཚད་མེད་ཟེར་བཞི་སྦེ་བཞག་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
&lt;/big&gt;

===   དང་པ་བྱམས་པ་ཚད་མེད། ===
&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་ར་ཚེ་རབས་ཐོག་མ་མེད་པ་ལས་ ཁམས་གསུམ་འཁོར་བ་ནང་འཁྱམས་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ རང་ལུ་བདེ་བ་མ་དགོཔ་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དགོ་མི་ག་ཡང་མེད། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་རང་གི་ཕམ་མ་འབདཝ་གཅིག་ཡང་མེད་མནོ་སྟེ་ སེམས་ཅན་ག་ར་འབྲས་བུ་བདེ་བ་དང་ལྡན་ནི་ དེའི་རྒྱུ་མི་དགེ་བ་སྤངས་ཏེ་དགེ་བ་དང་ལྡན་བཅུག་མནོ་བའི་སེམས་འདི་ལུ་ བྱམས་པ་ཚད་མེད་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། འདི་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སེམས་ཅན་ལུ་དམིགས་པའི་བྱམས་པ་དང་། ཆོས་ལུ་དམིགས་པའི་བྱམས་པ་དང་། དམིགས་པ་མེད་པའི་བྱམས་པ་ཟེར་གསུམ་ཡོད། ད་ལྟོ་ང་བཅས་འདོད་ཁམས་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལུ་ བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་དང་པོ་བསྐྱེད་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལུ་དམིགས་པའི་བྱམས་པ་འདི་དགོཔ་ལས་ སྐབས་འདི་ལུ་བྱམས་པ་དང་པོའི་སྐོར་ལས་བཤད་ནི་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ གོང་ལུ་ཞུ་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ དང་པ་དེའི་དམིགས་པ་འདི་ཡུལ་འཁོར་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་ག་ར་དང་། གཉིས་པ་རྣམ་པ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲས་བུ་བདེ་བ་དང་ དེའི་རྒྱུ་དགེ་བ་དང་ལྡན་བཅུག་མནོ་བའི་སེམས་འདི་ལུ་གོ་དགོཔ་ཨིན།  གསུམ་པ་དེའི་ལག་ལེན་འདི་ གཙོ་བོ་རང་གི་དྲིན་ཅན་རྣམས་ལུ་ བྱམས་པ་ཚད་མེད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་བཀའ་དྲིན་བསམ་དགོཔ་འདི་གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེའི་ནང་ལས་ཁྱད་པར་དུ་ཚེ་ད་རེས་ཀྱི་ཕ་མ་འདི་ དྲིན་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ལྷག་པར་བྱམས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དགོཔ་འདི་གལ་ཆེ། དེ་ཡང་ཕ་མ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་བུ་གཞིའི་ ལུས་བསྐྱེད་པའི་དྲིན་དང་། དཀའ་བ་སྤྱད་པའི་དྲིན་དང་། སྲོག་བྱིན་པའི་དྲིན་དང་། འཇིག་རྟེན་བསྟན་པའི་དྲིན་དང་བཞི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱིས་ ཡུམ་གྱི་དྲིན་ལན་འཇལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ་གྱི་ལྷ་ཡུལ་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ཆོས་གསུངས་ནུག། ང་བཅས་ཚུ་གིས་ཕ་མ་གཉིས་ རང་གི་ཕྱག་ལྟག་གཡས་གཡོན་གུར་བཀལ་ཏེ་ ས་ཆེན་པོ་རྒྱལ་ཆེན་རིས་བཞི་བཟུམ་ཅིག་བསྐོར་ཚུགས་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་ ཕ་མའི་དྲིན་ལན་འབྱོར་མི་ཚུགས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་བཤེས་སྤྲིང་ལས་ཡང་། མ་ཡི་ཐུག་མཐའ་རྒྱ་ཤུག་ཚིག་གུ་ཙམ། །རིལ་བུར་བགྲངས་ཀྱང་ས་ཡིས་ལངས་མི་འགྱུར།། ༼མཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་༡༠༥༽ ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་རང་གི་ཕམགཉིས་ལུ་ལུས་བྱམས་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ ཞབས་ཏོག་བསྙེན་བཀུར་ཞུ། ངག་བྱམས་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་གཏམ་ཚིག་ཧན་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་བཤད། ཡིད་བྱམས་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ནད་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མེད་པར་ བདེ་བ་དང་ལྡན་ཏེ་སྐུ་ཚེ་ཡུན་རིང་དུ་གནས་བཅུག་ཟེར་སྨོན་ལམ་བཏབ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་ སེམས་ཅན་གཞན་ཡང་རང་གི་ཕ་མ་མ་འབདཝ་གཅིག་ཡང་མེད་ མཐར་ཐུག་རང་ལུ་བདེ་བ་དགོ་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་སེམས་ཅན་གེ་ར་ལུ་ དགོ་སྙམ་པའི་བྱམས་པའི་ལུས་ངག་ཡིད་གསུམ་གྱིས་ གཞན་ལུ་གནོད་པ་མེད་པའི་བྱམས་པ་ཚད་མེད་ཀྱི་ཚུལ་དགོ། དེ་ཡང་སྤྱོད་འཇུག་ལས། མིག་གིས་སེམས་ཅན་བལྟ་ན་ཡང་། །དེ་དག་ཉིད་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་བདག །སངས་རྒྱས་ཉིད་དུ་འགྱུར་རོ་ཞེས། །དྲང་ཞིང་བྱམས་པའི་ཚུལ་གྱིས་བལྟ།།༼ཀུན་བཟང་བླ་མའི་ཞལ་ལུང་ ༣༡༩༽ ཟེར་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཐ་ན་སེམས་ཅན་གཞན་ལུ་བལྟ་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ ཞེ་སྡང་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཁྲོ་བའི་ཚུལ་གྱིས་མེན་པར་ རང་གི་གདོང་ལུ་འཛུམ་མདངས་དང་བཅས་གཞན་སེམས་ཁར་ཚུད་པའི་ཚུལ་སྟོན་དགོ། དེ་མ་ཚད་རང་གི་འཁོར་དུ་ཡོད་པའི་དུད་འགྲོ་རྣམས་ལུ་ བརྡུང་རྡེག་དང་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཆེན་པོ་མ་བྱིན་པར་ རང་གི་ཕམ་སྤུན་ཆའི་འདུ་ཤེས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ བྱམས་སྐྱོང་འབད་དགོཔ་འདི་གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེང་སང་དུས་ལུ་རང་གི་འཁོར་བའི་དུག་ཆུས་སྒྲུབ་པའི་སྐབས་ སེམས་ཅན་ལུ་གནོད་མི་བྱེད་པའི་ཐབས་མིན་འདུག་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ཐབས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་སྔོན་མ་བོད་ཁ་བ་ཅན་ལུ་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ཀྱི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ རྒྱལ་པོ་སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ་གིས་འདུལ་བྱ་རྣམས་ལུ་མཛད་བྱ་འགྲོ་དོན་འཕྲིན་ལས་སྤེལ་བའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་དགེ་ཚུལ་གཉིས་བོད་ཡུལ་ལི་ཐང་ལུ་ འཕགས་པ་འཇམ་དཔལ་དབྱངས་བསྒྲུབས་ཏེ་འཇམ་དཔལ་གྱི་ཞལ་མཇལ་ འཕགས་པ་གིས་ང་དང་ཁྱེད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ལས་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་མེད། ཁྱེད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཚེ་རབས་སྔོན་མའི་ལྷ་སྐལ་འདི་འཕགས་པ་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ཨིན། སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་འདི་ད་ལྟོ་བོད་ལུ་རྒྱལ་པོ་སྦེ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ཡོད་དེ་ནང་སོང་ཟེར་གསུངས་ནུག། ཁོང་གཉིས་བོད་ལུ་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ བོད་ལྷ་སའི་ལྕགས་རིའི་རྒྱབ་ལུ་ མི་མང་ཆེ་བ་བསད་བསདཔ་དང་ ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་བཙོན་པ་སྦེ་བཟུང་བཞག་ཡོདཔ་མཐོང་སྟེ་ འདི་ག་ཅི་སྨོ་ཟེར་དྲིཝ་ད་ རྒྱལ་པོ་གིས་དུམ་བུར་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་བསད་བཅད་མཛད་པ་ཨིན་ཟེར་བ་ལས་ ཁོང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཁ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་པོ་འདི་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་མེན་པས་ ང་བཅས་གཉིས་ཡང་བསད་ནི་ཨིན་མས་མནོ་སྟེ་ བྱོག་འགྱོ་ནི་འབདཝ་ད་ རྒྱལ་པོ་གིས་མཁྱེན་ཏེ་ ཁོང་གཉིས་ལོག་འབོ་བར་བཏང་ནུག&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་པོ་གིས་ཁྱེད་གཉིས་འདྲོག་མི་དགོ་ དེ་ཚུ་ང་གིས་སྤྲུལ་པ་སྟོན་པ་ཙམ་མ་གཏོགས་ སེམས་ཅན་ལུ་གནོད་པ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ཡང་བསྐྱལ་བསྐྱལཝ་མེད་ཟེར་གསུངས་ནུག། གཏམ་རྒྱུད་དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ང་བཅས་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་ བྱ་བ་ག་ཅི་ར་ཨིན་རུང་སྒྲུབས་སྐབས་སུ་བྱམས་པའི་ཐབས་ཤེས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་བསྒྲུབ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། རང་ལུ་བདེ་བ་དགོ་མནོ་བའི་སེམས་འདི་མེན་པར་ སེམས་ཅན་ཁོ་ནའི་བདེ་བ་ལུ་འདོད་པ་བསྐྱེད་པ་ཅིན་བྱམས་པ་ལུ་གོམས་གཤིས་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བསྒོམ་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་འདི་ཡང་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་དེ་ ཟླ་བ་སྒྲོན་པའི་མདོ་ལས། མཆོད་པ་ཚད་མེད་རྣམ་མང་ཇི་སྙེད་པ། །ཞིང་ནི་བྱེ་བ་ཁྲག་ཁྲིག་གཏམས་སྙེད་དུ། །སྐྱེས་བུ་མཆོག་ལ་མཆོད་པ་དེ་བྱས་པས། །བྱམས་པའི་སེམས་དང་གྲངས་ལ་ཆར་མི་ཕོད།། ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན། བྱམས་པ་འདི་རང་ལུ་ཡུད་ཙམ་ཅིག་བསྒོམས་པའི་བསོད་ནམས་ཡང་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་དེ་ རིན་ཆེན་འཕྲེང་བ་ལས། རྗེའུ་ཚོང་སུམ་བརྒྱའི་ཁ་ཟས་དག །ཉིན་རེ་དུས་གསུམ་བྱིན་པས་ཀྱང་། །བྱམས་པ་ཡུད་ཙམ་ཐང་ཅིག་གིས། །བསོད་ནམས་དག་ལ་ཆར་མི་ཕོད།། ༼ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༡༠༧༽ ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ བྱམས་པ་ཚད་མེད་འདི་བྱམོ་གིས་བྱི་ཅུང་གསོ་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ དང་པོ་ཚང་འཇམ་ཞིང་བདེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ བྱམོ་མོ་རའི་གཤོག་པ་བཀབ་སྟེ་དྲོད་བྱིན་ སྤྱོད་ལམ་ཐམས་ཅད་འཇམ་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་བྱི་ཅུང་འདི་འཕུར་མ་སོང་གི་བར་དུ་སྐྱོང་བ་དང་མཚུངས་ཏེ་ རང་གིས་ཡང་ཁམས་གསུམ་གྱི་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ ལུས་ངག་ཡིད་གསུམ་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་བྱམས་པའི་ལཱ་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དགོཔ་ཨིན་ནོ།།&lt;/big&gt;

===  གཉིས་པ་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཚད་མེད། ===
&lt;big&gt;ཁམས་གསུམ་འཁོར་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་རང་གི་ཕ་མ་ཨིནམ་ཤེས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་འབྲས་བུ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རྒྱུ་སྡིག་པ་མི་དགེ་བ་དང་བྲལ་བཅུག་མནོ་བའི་ཀུན་སློང་འདི་ལུ་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཚད་མེད་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། འདི་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སེམས་ཅན་ལ་དམིགས་པའི་སྙིང་རྗེ་དང་། ཆོས་ལ་དམིགས་པའི་སྙིང་རྗེ་དང་། དམིགས་པ་མེད་པའི་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཟེར་གསུམ་ཡོད། དང་པ་ སེམས་ཅན་ལ་དམིགས་པའི་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ངན་སོང་གསུམ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མཐོང་སྟེ་ སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལུ་སྙིང་རྗེ་སྐྱེ་མི་འདི་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན། གཉིས་པ་ཆོས་ལ་དམིགས་པའི་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ག་དེམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་རང་གིས་འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ་བཞི་ལུ་གོམས་འདྲཝ་ཅིག་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱུ་དང་འབྲས་བུ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་དོན་ཧ་གོ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རྟག་པ་དང་རིལ་པོར་འཛིན་པའི་སེམས་མ་སྐྱེ་བར་ སེམས་ཅན་གཞན་གྱིས་རྒྱུ་དང་འབྲས་བུ་ རྟག་པ་དང་རིལ་པོར་འཛིན་པ་འདི་འཁྲུལ་པ་ཨིན་སྙམ་པའི་སྙིང་རྗེ་སྐྱེ་མི་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན། གསུམ་པ་དམིགས་པ་མེད་པའི་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ག་དེམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་རང་གིས་མཉམ་པར་བཞག་ཞིན་ན་ ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་བདེན་པ་བསྒྲུབས་ཏེ་མེད་པར་སྟོང་པ་ཉིད་དུ་རྟོགས་ཏེ་ སེམས་ཅན་རྟག་འཛིན་ཅན་ནམ་དངོས་འཛིན་ཅན་རྣམས་ལུ་ཁྱད་པར་དུ་སྙིང་རྗེ་སྐྱེ་མི་འདི་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན། ཇི་སྐད་དུ། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་མཉམ་བཞག་པས། །གོམས་པའི་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས་རྫོགས་པ་ན། །དངོས་འཛིན་གདོན་གྱིས་འཛིན་པ་ལ། །ཁྱད་པར་དུ་ཡང་སྙིང་རྗེ་སྐྱེ། ། ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན། དེའི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་འདི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དྲག་པོ་གིས་མནར་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་དང་ རྣམ་པ་འདི་འབྲས་བུ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་རྒྱུ་མི་དགེ་བ་དང་བཅས་པར་བྲལ་བར་འདོད་པའི་བློ་ལུ་གོ་དགོཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

དེའི་ལག་ལེན་འདི་ དང་པ་བཀའ་དྲིན་བསམ་བརྗོད་ཀྱི་ཡུལ་མཆོག་རང་གི་དྲིན་ཅན་ཕ་མ་འདི་ ཕྱོགས་འདི་ནང་སྐྱེས་བུ་གཞན་གཅིག་གིས་བཅད་བཏུབ་བྱེད་པ་དང་། ཡང་ཅིན་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་གྲང་བསིལ་ལྡན་པའི་ས་ཁར་གནས་ཏེ་ ཆུ་བུར་རྡོལ་བ་དང་ཆེན་པོ་སོགས་འཐོན་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་ས་མཐོང་པ་ཅིན་ ཤིན་ཏུ་སྙིང་རྗེ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་དམྱལ་བར་སྐྱེས་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་གཅིག་ཀྱང་ཕ་མ་མ་འབདཝ་མེད་ རང་གི་ཕ་མ་རྣམས་ ཡང་སོས་དང་ཐིག་ནག་ལ་སོགས་པ་ ཁྱིམ་ཐོག་བརྩེགས་དོ་བཟུམ་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ བཟོད་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཚ་བསྲེགས་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་ ཁོར་ཡུག་ཐམས་ཅད་གངས་རི་དང་ཆབ་རོམ་གྱི་ཁྲོད་ བུ་ཡུག་གིས་སྤྲེབས་པའི་གནས་སུ་ གཅེར་བུ་གྲང་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱིས་ཉམས་ཐག་པ་ལས་ ལུས་ལུ་ཆུ་བུར་ཅན་དང་རྡོལ་བ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ གྲང་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་བའི་སྐབས་ ག་ཅི་སྦེ་སྙིང་མི་རྗེ་ནི་ དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ དེ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྒྱུ་དང་བཅས་པར་བྲལ་བར་འདོད་པའི་སྙིང་རྗེ་བསྒོམ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཀྱཱ་ཐུབ་པ་ སྔོན་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་རིགས་སུ་གནས་པའི་སྐབས་ ལས་དབང་གིས་དམྱལ་བའི་ཤིང་རྟ་འདྲེན་པའི་གྱད་དུ་སྐྱེས་པའི་ཚེ་ གཞན་ཕན་སྙིང་རྗེའི་སེམས་དང་པོ་བསྐྱེད་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན། ཡང་རང་གི་ཕ་མ་འདི་ཕྱོགས་འདི་ནང་ བཟའ་བཏུང་མཐོང་རུང་ཡང་དབང་མེད། རང་གིས་ཟ་བ་ལུ་ཡང་ནུས་པ་མེད། ཟས་ལ་ལུ་གཅིག་མི་གཙང་བ་སྦེ་མཐོང་བ་དང་། ཇི་སྐད་དུ། ཁ་ཅིག་ཁ་ནི་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མིག་ཙམ་ལ། །ལྟོ་བ་རི་ཡི་གཏོས་ཙམ་བཀྲེས་པས་ཉེན། །མི་གཙང་གི་ནར་བོར་བ་ཅུང་ཟད་ཀྱང་། །འཚལ་བའི་མཐུ་དང་ལྡན་པ་མ་ལགས་སོ།། ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ དེ་ལྟ་བུའི་བཀྲེས་སྐོམ་གྱི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དུས་ ག་ཅི་འབད་སྙིང་མི་རྗེ་ནི་ དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ དེ་དག་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྒྱུ་དང་བཅས་པར་བྲལ་བར་འདོད་པའི་སྙིང་རྗེ་བསྒོམ་དགོཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

ཡང་ རང་གི་ཕ་མ་འདི་མཐའི་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆེན་མོའི་ནང་ལུ་ཆུ་སྲིན་དང་། སྦུལ་དང་། ཉ་དང་། སྦལཔ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་དུད་འགྲོ་ཆེ་བ་རི་བཟུམ་ཅིག་དང་ ཆུང་བ་རྡུལ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་གི་བར་ ཆང་འགག་གི་སྦང་མ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཆེ་བ་གིས་ཆུང་བ་རྣམས་ཁྱུར་མིད་བྱེད་པ་དང་། ཆུང་བ་གིས་ཆེ་བ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་གཟུགས་འབིགས་པ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ གཅིག་ལ་གཅིག་ཟ་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། བསད་ཅིང་བཅད་པ་དང་ ལྷ་དང་མིའི་ཡུལ་ན་བླུན་རྨོངས་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་དང་ རྡེག་ཅིང་འཚོག་པ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་བའི་སྐབས་ ག་ཅི་འབད་སྙིང་མི་རྗེ་ནི་ དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་དེའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྒྱུ་དང་བཅས་པར་བྲལ་བར་འདོད་པའི་སྙིང་རྗེ་བསྒོམ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ མནོ་མེད་དུད་འགྲོ་ར་དང་ལུག་ བ་དང་གླང་ལ་སོགས་པ་རྣམས་
གསད་སའི་ཁྱིམ་གྱི་གྱལ་ཁར་བལྟ་སྟེ་ འདི་ངེ་གི་ཕ་མ་རྒན་རྒས་གཉིས་ཨིན་པ་ཅིན་ ང་ག་ཅི་འབད་ནི་སྙམ་པ་དང་ དེ་ལུ་དུད་འགྲོ་ཨིན་པའི་བློ་སྤངས་ཏེ། སྙིང་ཐག་པ་ལས་ར་ངེ་གི་ཕ་རྒན་མ་རྒན་ཨིན་ཟེར་བསྒོམ་ནི་དང་ ངེ་གི་ཕ་མ་གཉིས་ལུ་ཉེས་པ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ཡང་མེད་དེ་འབད་རུང་གཞན་གྱིས་གསོད་པ་ཅིན་ང་ག་ཅི་འབད་ནི་ དེ་ལུ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་འོང་ག་མནོ་སྟེ་ འཕྲལ་དང་འཕྲལ་ར་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དེ་ལས་ཐར་བཅུག་འདོད་པའི་སྙིང་བརྩེ་ལྷག་པར་བསྐྱེད་དགོཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

ཡང་ རང་གི་ཕ་མ་འདི་ཕྱོགས་གཅིག་ན་ གཡང་ས་ཆེན་པོ་ལས་འགྱོ་བའི་སྐབས་ ཆ་རོགས་འབད་མི་མེད་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། ངེས་པ་མེད་པའི་ས་ཁར་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡང་ངེས་པ་མེད་པར་ བྱག་གི་བར་ན་གནས་པ་དང་ རྡོའི་ནང་ལུ་འཐུམ་པ་དང་ ཆབ་རོམ་གི་ནང་ལུ་ཡན་ལག་བརྐྱང་བསྐུམ་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ལུས་པ་དང་ ཆུ་ཚན་གྱི་ནང་ལུ་འཚོད་པ་དང་ མེའི་ནང་ལུ་སྲེག་པ་དང་ ཤིང་སྡོང་བཅད་གཏུབ་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ རང་གི་ཡན་ལག་ཡང་བཅད་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་། ལྷིའུ་དང་ ཕྱགསམ་དང་ སྒོ་དང་ སྒྱེད་བུ་དང་ ཐག་པ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གནས་ན་ དཀའ་སྤྱད་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་བའི་སྐབས་ ག་ཅི་སྦེ་སྙིང་རྗེ་མི་བསྐྱེད་ནི་ དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་དེ་དག་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་དེའི་རྒྱུ་དང་བྲལ་བར་འདོད་པའི་སྙིང་རྗེ་བསྒོམ་དགོཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་ཡང་ སྔོན་འཕགས་པ་ཐོགས་མེད་ཀྱིས་རི་བོ་བྱ་རྐང་ཅན་དུ་བྱོན་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་བ་བྱམས་པ་བསྒྲུབས་པའི་ཚེ་ ལོ་དྲུག་གི་རིང་དཀའ་བ་སྤྱད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ བསྒྲུབ་པའི་རྟགས་ཞལ་མཇལ་ནི་ཕར་བཞག་ རྨི་ལམ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཡང་མ་བྱུང་པར་ ལོག་བྱོན་པའི་ལམ་ཁར་མི་གཅིག་གིས་ ལྕགས་ཀྱི་སྡོང་པོ་སྦོམ་གཅིག་རས་འཇམ་ཏོང་ཏོ་གིས་འཕྱག་སྡོད་སར་གཟིགས་ཏེ། ཁྱོད་འདི་བཟུམ་ག་ཅི་སྦེ་འབདཝ་སྨོ་ཟེར་འདྲི་བའི་ལན་ལུ་ ང་ལུ་ཁབ་མེད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ལྕགས་འདི་རས་ཀྱིས་རྣོ་ཁེག་ཁེ་བཟོ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཁབ་བཟོ་ནི་ཨིན་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་འཇིག་རྟེན་པ་གཅིག་གིས་འབད་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ ང་ཆོས་བསྒྲུབ་ནི་ལུ་འདི་བ་ལྷག་སྟེ་སྙིང་རུས་སྐྱེད་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་ཡོད་ཟེར་དགོངས་ཏེ་ལོག་བྱོན་ནུག། ལོ་གསུམ་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་བསྒྲུབས་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་ རྟགས་མ་བྱུང་པར་སྔར་བཞིན་ཡིད་ཆད་དེ་བྱོན་པའི་ལམ་ཁར་ བྱག་སྦོམ་གཅིག་གི་རྩ་བར་ མི་གཅིག་གིས་བྱའི་སྒྲོ་གིས་བྱག་འདི་འཕྱག་སྡོད་སར་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ ཁྱོད་ག་ཅི་འབད་དོ་ཟེར་འདྲི་བའི་ལན་ལུ་ ངེའི་ཁྱིམ་འདི་བྱག་འདི་གིས་སྤུབས་ཏེ་ཉིམ་ཕོག་ནི་མེདཔ་ལས་ བྱག་འདི་མེདཔ་བཟོ་ནི་སྦེ་ཨིན་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནུག། ད་རུང་འཕགས་པ་ཐོགས་མེད་ཐུགས་སྙིང་རུས་སྐྱེད་དེ་ ལོ་གསུམ་གྱི་རིང་བསྒྲུབ་རུང་རྨི་ལམ་བཟང་པོ་གཅིག་ཡང་མ་བྱུང་པར་ཡིད་ཆད་དེ། ད་འབདན་ ཐད་རི་བ་རི་བསྒྲུབ་མི་ཚུགས་ནི་མས་ཟེར་དགོངས་ཏེ་བྱོན་པའི་ལམ་ཁར་ རོ་ཁྱི་མོ་གཅིག་རྐངམ་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ཞརཝ་དང་ ཁོད་སྨད་ག་ར་རུལ་ཏེ་འབུཔ་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་གིས་ གཞན་ལུ་ཞེ་སྡང་དྲག་པོ་གིས་ཧབ་སར་གཟིགས་ནུག། འདི་ལུ་འཕགས་པ་སྙིང་རྗེ་གིས་བཟོད་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ཤ་བཅད་དེ་རོ་ཁྱི་ལུ་བྱིན་ རོ་ཁྱིའི་གཟུགས་ཁར་ཡོད་པའི་འབུཔ་ཕྱག་གིས་བསལ་བ་ཅིན་ཤི་ནི་ཨིན་མས་ འདི་བ་ལྕེ་གིས་བསལ་དགོ་པས་ཟེར་དགོངས་ཏེ་ སྤྱན་བཙུམས་ཏེ་ལྗགས་བརྐྱངམ་ད་ཁྱི་ལུ་མེན་པར་ས་ཁར་ཐུག་སྟེ་ སྤྱན་བརྒྱང་པའི་སྐབས་ ཧེ་མའི་རོ་ཁྱི་མེན་པར་རྗེ་བཙུན་བྱམས་པའི་ཞལ་དངོས་སུ་མཇལ་ཚུགས་ནུག། འདི་ག་ཅི་སྦེ་ཨིན་ན་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ རོ་ཁྱི་འདི་ལུ་སྙིང་རྗེ་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པར་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ སྒྲིབ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་མ་ལུས་པར་དག་ནི་འདི་གིས་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཆོས་ཡང་དག་པར་སྡུད་པའི་མདོ་ལས་ཡང་། སངས་རྒྱས་ཐོབ་པར་འདོད་པས་ཆོས་མང་པོ་ལ་བསླབ་པར་མི་བགྱི་ཡི། །ཆོས་གཅིག་ལ་བསླབ་པར་བགྱིའོ། །དེ་གང་ཞེ་ན་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཅན་ནོ། །གང་ལ་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་ཡོད་པ་དེ་ལ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་ཐམས་ཅད་ལག་མཐིལ་དུ་ཡོད་པ་ལྟར་འགྱུར་རོ། ། ༼ཀུན་བཟང་བླ་མའི་ཞལ་ལུང་ ༣༣༩༽ ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན། མཐར་ནམ་མཁའ་ག་ཏེ་ཁྱབ་ས་ཁམས་གསུམ་གྱི་སེམས་ཅན་ཁྱབ་པ་དང་ སེམས་ཅན་ག་ཏེ་ཁྱབ་ས་ལས་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཁྱབ་སྟེ། རང་གིས་སེམས་ཅན་དེ་རྣམས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ དེ་དག་གི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཚད་མེད་པ་དང་ རྒྱུ་ཚད་མེད་པ་གཉིས་ལས་མྱུར་དུ་གྲོལ་བར་འདོད་པ་འདི་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཚད་མེད་ཨིན་ནོ། །&lt;/big&gt;

=== གསུམ་པ་དགའ་བ་ཚད་མེད། ===
&lt;big&gt;དགའ་བ་ཚད་མེད་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མེད་པའི་བདེ་བ་དམ་པ་དང་མི་འབྲལ་བར་གྱུར་ཅིག།	ཟེར་གསུངས་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་ ཕྱོགས་བཅུ་ན་གནས་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མེད་པ་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གི་རྒྱུ་གིས་བཅིངས་ཡོད་དེ་འབད་རུང་འདི་ལས་གྲོལ་ཏེ། བདེ་བ་དང་ལྡན་པར་ཤོག་སྙམ་པ་དང་ བདེ་བ་འདི་དང་འཕྲད་དེ་ དུས་ནམ་ཡང་བདེ་བ་འདི་ལས་བྲལ་བ་མེད་པར་རང་གི་སེམས་ཀྱི་སྙིང་ནས་ རྗེས་སུ་ཡི་རངས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་གཞན་ལུ་དགའ་བ་བསྒོམ་ནི་དང་། གཞན་ཡང་གཞན་གྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་། རྒྱུ་ནོར་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་དང་། དགེ་བའི་ལཱ་ལུ་རྩོལ་བ་དང་། ཐར་པར་འབད་པ་དང་། ལེགས་ཆ་བཟང་པོ་དང་འབྲས་བུ་བཟང་པོ་སྨིན་པ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལུ་སྨོན་ལམ་དང་བཅས་ ཡང་དག་པའི་དགའ་བ་སྒོམ་མི་འདི་ལུ་དགའ་བ་ཚད་མེད་པ་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ཕྱོགས་བཅུའི་མུན་སེལ་ལས། སེམས་ཅན་བདེ་དང་ལྡན་པ་རྣམས་དེ་དང་མི་འབྲལ་བར་འདོད་པའི་དགའ་བ། །ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

དེ་ཡང་ དགའ་བ་སྒོམ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་པའི་ཡུལ་འདི་ སེམས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་བསྒོམ་དགོ། སྣང་བར་མ་གྱུར་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་ཁམས་འདི་ཚད་མེད་དོ་ ཟེར་སླབ་དོ་བཟུམ་ སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་ཁམས་ཚད་མེད་པའི་གྱངས་ཁ་གཟུང་ནི་འདི་ རང་ལུ་ནུས་པ་མེད་པ་ལས་སེམས་ཅན་ཚད་མེད་ཟེར་དང་།	དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཁམས་གསུམ་འཁོར་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ ཐོག་མ་མེད་པའི་དུས་དང་རང་ར་སོ་སོའི་ལས་དབང་གིས་ སོ་སོའི་གནས་མཐོ་དམན་ལུ་འཁོརཝ་ཨིན་རུང་ ལན་བརྒྱ་སྟོང་དང་བསྐལ་པ་དང་བསྐལ་པའི་བར་ རང་གི་ཕ་མ་གཉེན་ལུ་མ་གྱུར་བ་མེདཔ་ཨིན། རང་གི་ཕ་མ་དང་དགེ་བཤེས་དང་ གཉེན་བཤེས་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ལུ་དགའ་བ་བསྒོམ་ནི་མེན་པར་ རང་ལུ་གནོད་བཀལ་མི་དགྲ་དང་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ རང་གི་གཉེན་ཨིན་སྙམ་པའི་སེམས་ཀྱིས་ སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཚད་མེད་པ་འཁོར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་རྒྱུ་ཆེ་འབྲིང་ཆུང་གསུམ་གྱིས་ཉམས་སུ་ལེན་པའི་ཚེ་སྙིང་རྗེ་བསྒོམ་ནི་དང་ བདེ་བའི་རྒྱུ་དང་ལྡན་ཏེ་ དེའི་འབྲས་བུ་བདེ་བ་དང་བྲལ་བ་མེད་པའི་ལེགས་སྨོན་དང་བཅས་དགའ་བ་བསྐྱེད་དགོ། མཐར་རང་དོན་ལུ་མ་དམིགས་པ་དང་ བསྒོམ་པའི་སྐབས་སུ་རང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ཕྲད་དོག་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྒོ་ནས་མ་བསྒོམས་པར། ཀུན་བཟང་བླ་མའི་ཞལ་ལུང་ལས། ལོངས་སྤྱོད་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཞིག་དམིགས་ཡུལ་དུ་བསམ་ནས། །དོ་ལ་འགྲན་སེམས་དང་ཕྲག་དོག་མེད་པར། །ད་རུང་འདི་བས་ཀྱང་མངོན་མཐོའི་དཔལ་གྱིས་འབྱོར་ཞིང་། །འཚེ་བ་མེད་པ། །ཤེས་རབ་ཆེ་བ་ལ་སོགས་ཡོན་ཏན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་དུ་མས་འབྱོར་པར་ཤོག་ཅིག །ཟེར་གསུངས་ཏེ་འདུག། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་མཁས་པའི་བློ་གྲོས་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ སེམསཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་ཡང་ན་དགའ་བ་སྒོམ་ཐངས་འདི་ ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་སྟོབས་འབྱོར་ལུ་སྙིང་ཐག་པ་ནས་ཡིད་རངས་བ་རྔ་མོང་གིས་རྔའི་རྙེད་པ་བཟུམ་དང་ ཐོག་མ་མེད་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ དུས་ནམ་ཡང་བདེ་བ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་སྐབས་སུ་དགའ་བ་སྒོམ་པའི་ཀུན་སློང་དང་ བདེ་བ་དང་མ་བྲལ་བར་ཤོག་ཟེར་བསམ་པའི་དྭངས་བ་སྤྲོ་བ་དང་བཅས་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་སྨོན་ལམ་བཏབ་དོ་བཟུམ་བསྒོམ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དགའ་བ་སྒོམ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ རང་ལུ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ གཞན་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ཡར་དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལུ་མཆོད་པའི་ཡོ་བྱད་ཕུལ་ནི་དང་ མར་ངན་སློང་ལུ་སྦྱིན་པ་གཏང་སར་མཐོང་པ་ཅིན་ འདི་ལུ་རང་གི་ཕྲག་དོག་དང་ མིག་སེར་དང་ སེར་སྣ་དང་ བདག་འཛིན་ཅན་དང་ བདག་གཉེར་ཅན་མེན་པར་ དེའི་དགེ་བ་འདི་ རང་དང་འདྲ་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལུ་འཐོབ་བཅུག་མནོ་བའི་དགའ་བ་བསྒོམ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དཔེར་ན་ མི་གཞན་གཅིག་ལུ་ཕ་མ་སྤུན་ཆ་འཛོམས་ རྒྱུ་ནོར་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་འཛོམས་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་ཏེ་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ འདི་བཟུམ་མའི་དགའ་བ་འདི་ཡུན་རིང་དུ་གནས་འདི་འབད་ས་ཅིག་རུང་ འདི་གི་ངོ་བོ་ཡང་ན་རང་བཞིན་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཨིནམ་ཤེས་ཞིནམ་ལས་དགའ་བ་བསྒོམ་ནི་གལ་ཆེ།&lt;br&gt;

དགའ་བ་ཚད་མེད་སྒོམ་པའི་ཕན་ཡོན་འདི་ ཚེ་ད་ལྟོ་རང་དང་གཞན་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པོའི་ས་ལུ་གནས་ནི་དང་། དུས་ཨ་རྟག་ར་གཞན་ཕན་ལུ་འགྲོ་དོན་དང་དགའ་བ་སྒོམ་སྟེ་ཚོགས་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པ་བསགས་ཏེ་ཚེ་རིང་བ་དང་ནད་མེད་པ། ཡང་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས། ལུས་ཅན་དག་གི་ལས་རྣམས་ནི། །བསྐལ་པ་བརྒྱར་ཡང་ཆུད་མི་ཟ། །ཚོགས་ཤིང་དུས་ལ་བབ་པ་ན། །འབྲས་བུ་མྱུར་དུ་སྨིན་པར་འགྱུར།། ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ ད་ལྟོ་དགའ་བ་སྒོམ་པའི་ཕན་ཡོན་འདི་ ཚེ་ད་རེས་རང་དང་མཉམ་ཆ་རོགས་མང་ནི་དང་ ཚེ་ཤུལ་མ་ཡང་གཞན་གྱི་རང་ལུ་དགའ་སྐྱིད་བྱིན་མི་མང་བའི་ཁར་  ཆ་རོགས་འབད་མི་ཡང་རྩ་ལས་རང་མི་དཀོན་ནི་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་དགའ་བ་སྒོམ་པའི་སྐབས་སུ་རང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་སྐྱེད་པ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་ དམ་ཆོས་པདྨ་དཀར་པོའི་མདོ་ནང་ལས། དགའ་བ་ཆེན་པོ་བསྐྱེད་པ་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས་རང་ཉིད་ཡུན་བསྲིངས་པའི་ལུས་ཀྱི་བདེ་བ་དང་། །གང་བདེན་པ་ཡིན་པར་ཡིད་ཆེས་བརྟེན་པ། །དེ་བཞིན་ཡིད་ཀྱི་དགའ་བ་མཆོག་དང་ལྡན་པ་སྐྱེ་བ།། ཟེར་གསུངས་ཏེ་འདུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྤྱོད་འཇུག་ལས། དེང་དུས་བདག་ཚེ་འབྲས་བུ་ཡོད། །མི་ཡི་སྲིད་པ་ལེགས་པར་ཐོབ། །དེ་རིང་སངས་རྒྱས་རིགས་སུ་སྐྱེས། །སངས་རྒྱས་སྲས་སུ་ད་གྱུར་ཏོ།། ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ མཐར་ཐུག་ཚད་མེད་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལུ་ དགའ་བ་ཚད་མེད་པ་བསྒོམ་པ་ཅིན་འབྲས་བུ་བཟང་པོ་འཐོབ་ནི་དང་ མིའི་་སྲིད་པ་ནང་སྐྱེ་རུང་ཡང་དག་པའི་ལུས་རྟེན་ཐོབ་མ་ཚད་སངས་རྒྱས་རིགས་སུ་སྐྱེཝ་ཨིན། ཚེ་འདི་ལས་ཤི་སྟེ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ས་ལུ་གནས་ནི་དང་ སྐྱེས་བུ་དམ་པའི་བདེ་བ་དང་ལྡན་ནི་ཨིན་ནོ།།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== བཞི་པ་བཏང་སྙོམས། ===
&lt;big&gt;རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་བཏང་སྙོམས་འདི་མེད་པ་ཅིན་ བྱམས་པ་དང་ སྙིང་རྗེ་དང་ དགའ་བ་གསུམ་ཡོད་དེ་ར་འབད་རུང་ ཆགས་སྡང་ཕྱོགས་རིས་དབང་ལུ་ཤོར་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བཏང་སྙོམས་ཚད་མེད་ཟེར་མི་འདི་  གཞན་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་དགྲ་ལུ་ཞེ་སྡང་དང་ རང་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་གཉེན་ལུ་ཆགས་པའི་རྣམ་གཞག་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ ཁམས་གསུམ་གྱི་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ རང་གི་ཕ་མ་ཨིནམ་ཤེས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དེ་ལུ་རང་དང་གཞན་གྱི་དབྱེ་བ་དང་ཉེ་རིང་ཆགས་སྡང་སོགས་མེད་པར་ འདྲ་མཉམ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ཕན་སེམས་ཚད་མེད་པ་བསྐྱེད་མི་ལུ་བཏང་སྙོམས་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། བཏང་སྙོམས་འདི་སྤྱིར་བཏང་འཁོར་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་གེ་ར་ལུ་བསྐྱེད་དགོཔ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ད་ལྟོ་ང་བཅས་ཚུ་སངས་རྒྱས་འཐོབ་པའི་ལམ་སྒྲུབ་པའི་སྐབས་ ཆོས་ལུགས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་བཏང་སྙོམས་དང་ བླམ་དང་སློབ་མའི་བར་ན་བཏང་སྙོམས་དང་ ཚེ་ད་རེས་ཀྱི་ཕམ་དང་སྤུན་ཆའི་བར་ན་བཏང་སྙོམས་དང་ རིགས་རྒྱུད་མཐོ་དམན་གྱི་བར་ན་བཏང་སྙོམས་དེ་རྣམས་ རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་བསྐྱེད་དགོཔ་འདི་མེད་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

འཁོར་བ་ཐོག་མ་མེད་པ་ལས་སེམས་ཅན་ཆ་ཁྱབ་ ལ་ལུ་རང་གི་ཕམ་སྦེ་གཅིག་ཏུ་འཛོམས་ ལ་ལུ་རང་དང་མཉམ་གཅིག་སྦོམ་པའི་སྤུན་ཆ་སྦེ་འཛོམས་ ལ་ལུ་རང་དང་མཐུན་པའི་ཆ་རོགས་སྦེ་འཛོམས་ ལ་ལུ་རང་གི་སེམས་མཐུན་ལུས་མཐུན་གྱི་གཉེན་གྲོགས་སྦེ་འཛོམས་ ལ་ལུ་རང་གི་སྒོ་ཁར་དུད་འགྲོ་སྦེ་སྐྱེས་ ལ་ལུ་རང་དང་མ་མཐུན་པའི་དགྲ་སྦེ་སྐྱེས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་སྦེ་ཨིན་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་ འདི་ཚུ་རྟག་པ་བརྟན་པ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ མི་ཚེ་འདི་ནང་ར་རང་དང་མཉམ་ཡོད་པའི་ཕ་མ་དང་ སྤུན་ཆ་དང་ གཉེན་གྲོགས་དང་ ཆ་རོགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་རྣམས་ རང་གི་མི་མཐུན་པའི་དགྲ་ལུ་འགྱུར་ནི་དང་ ཡང་ཅིན་རང་ཚེ་འཕོས་ཏེ་ལུས་རྟེན་སོར་འགྱོ་བའི་སྐབས་ ཚེ་ཧེ་མ་རང་དང་མཉམ་ཡོད་པའི་ཕ་མ་ལ་སོགས་པ་རྣམས་ རང་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་འོང་ནི་དང་ མི་མཐུན་པའི་དགྲ་ཡང་ རང་གི་དགྲ་སྦེ་ར་སྐྱེ་དགོཔ་ཨིན་ན་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ འདི་རྩ་ལས་ངེས་པ་མེདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་སྦེ་འབད་སྐྱེ་བ་ལུ་ངེས་པ་མེདཔ་ཨིནམ་ཤེས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རང་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལུ་ཆགས་པ་དང་ གཞན་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལུ་སྡང་བ་སྤུ་ཙམ་ཡང་མེད་པར་ བྱམས་པ་སྙིང་རྗེ་སོགས་ཀྱི་ཕན་སེམས་བཏང་སྙོམས་སྦེ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། འཕགས་པ་ཀཱ་ཏྱཱ་གིས། ཕ་ཤ་ཟ་ཞིང་མ་ལ་རྡེག །ལན་ངན་དགྲ་བོ་པང་ན་བཟུང་། །ཆུང་མས་ཁྱོ་ཡི་རུས་པ་འཆའ། །འཁོར་བའི་ཆོས་ལ་གད་མོ་བྲོ།། ༼ཀུན་བཟང་བླ་མའི་ཞལ་ལུང་ ༣༡༤༽ ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན། འཁོར་བ་ནང་གི་སེམས་ཅན་ཐ་ན་འབུཔ་གྱོག་མོ་གཅིག་ལུ་ཡང་ སངས་རྒྱས་འཐོབ་པའི་རྒྱུ་བདེ་བར་བཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ད་ལྟོ་ང་བཅས་སངས་རྒྱས་འཐོབ་པའི་ལམ་སྒྲུབ་པའི་སྐབས་ ལམ་སྟོན་གྱི་རྩ་བ་ཆོས་ལུ་བསྟེན་དགོ་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཆོས་ལུགས་རྣམས་ལུ་ ཉེ་རིང་ཆགས་སྡང་ཕྱོགས་རིས་འཕྱལ་ནི་འདི་རྩ་བ་ཉིད་ལས་ར་མ་བཏུབ་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཨྱོན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས། དུས་རྣམས་མི་འགྱུར་མི་རྣམས་འགྱུར་བ་ཡིན། །ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ དེང་སང་གི་དུས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་བར་ན་མ་ཚད་པར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ཡང་ཆོས་ལུགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་ དམག་འཁྲུག་དང་ནང་འཁྲུག་ལེ་ཤ་ར་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་སྦེ་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་འབྱུང་དགོ་མི་འདི་ཡང་ སེམས་ཅན་རང་ར་སོ་སོའི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ བཏང་སྙོམས་འདི་བསྒོམ་མ་ཤེས་པའི་རྟགས་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན། རང་གི་ཆོས་ལུགས་འདི་ག་བ་ཡང་བཟང་ རོགས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་ལུགས་འདི་ག་བ་ཡང་ངན་ཟེར་ དམའ་ཕབ་རྐྱབ་པ་ཅིན་ ངན་སོང་གསུམ་ལུ་ལྷུང་ནིའི་རྒྱུ་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། འཕགས་པ་ལྷ་གིས། ཆོས་ནི་མདོར་ན་མི་འཚེ་བར། །དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་གསུང་། །སྟོང་ཉིད་མྱ་ངན་འདས་པ་སྟེ། །འདིར་ནི་དེ་གཉིས་འབའ་ཞིག་གོ། ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཆོས་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ར་གཞན་ལུ་གནོད་འཚེ་མེད་པར་ སྙིང་ཐག་པ་ལས་ར་ རང་གཞན་མེད་པར་ཕན་པའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ འདི་བ་ལྷག་པའི་མཆོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ་ཅིག་མེད། དཔེར་ན་ རང་ནང་པ་ཨིན་པའི་ཆ་ལས་འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་དང་ རྙིང་མ་པ་ལ་སོགས་པ་མ་འདྲ་བའི་ཆོས་ལུགས་ཡོད་དེ་ར་འབད་རུང་ རང་ཆོས་ལུགས་ག་གི་ནང་ཨིན་རུང་ ཆོས་ལུགས་གཞན་དང་ཉེ་རིང་མེད་པར་ འདི་ལུ་ཐོས་བསམ་སྒོམ་གསུམ་ཐར་ཕྱིན་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ འདི་གིས་སངས་རྒྱས་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཔེ་རྩ་ལས་མེད། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཆོས་ལུགས་ལུ་ཆགས་སྡང་འདི་སྤང་དགོ་པའི་ཁར་ བླམ་དང་སློབ་མའི་བར་ན་ བཏང་སྙོམས་དགོཔ་འདི་གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། ང་བཅས་མི་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་གིས་ར་ དང་པ་བླམ་འདི་མཇལ་མ་ཐག་ཏུ་ བླམ་འདི་གི་སྐོར་ལས་བརྟག་དཔྱད་ག་ནི་ཡང་མ་འབད་བར་ འདི་ལུ་དད་པ་རྣམ་གསུམ་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་དབང་ལུང་ཁྲིད་གསུམ་ཞུ། ཤུལ་མ་བླམ་འདི་གིས་འཆར་གཞི་ངན་པ་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ རྒྱུ་དང་མིང་གཏམ་ བསྟོད་པ་དང་གུས་ཞབས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་བྱ་བ་ངན་པ་ཅིག་ལུ་ཡར་སོ་པ་ཅིན་ འདི་ལུ་སྐུར་པ་བཏབ་ནི་དང་ ཁ་གཏང་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལེ་ཤ་འབདཝ་ཨིན་མས། འདི་བཟུམ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བླམ་དང་ཆོས་ཞུ་མི་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ངན་སོང་གསུམ་ལུ་ལྷུང་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་འདི་ལུ་བཏང་སྙོམས་སྦེ་བཞག་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་བཙུན་པ་དགེ་འདུན་རིན་ཆེན་གྱིས། དང་པོར་དེ་ལ་ཡོན་ཏན་ཅི་འདུག་བརྟག །བར་དུ་ཉེས་པའི་སྐྱོན་ལ་ཅི་འདུག་བརྟག །ཐ་མར་སྐྱོན་དང་ཡོན་ཏན་གང་མང་བརྟག །དེ་ལ་ཡོན་ཏན་མང་བའི་ཕྱོགས་ཉིད་དུ། །བསྟེན་བྱ་ཡིན་ཚུལ་མདོ་ལས་འདི་སྐད་གསུང་།། ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན། དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ང་བཅས་ག་ར་འབད་རུང་ ངེ་གི་བླམ་འདི་མཁས་ གཞན་གྱི་བླམ་འདི་ངན་པ་ཨིན་ཟེར་བའི་ཆགས་སྡང་འདི་རྩ་བ་ལས་ར་སྤང་དགོཔ་ཨིན། བླ་མ་གི་འབད་ས་ཅིག་རུང་ སློབ་མ་དམངས་ཀྱི་སྦུག་ལས་ཉེ་རིང་འཕྱལ་ཏེ་བཟང་ངན་ལུ་མ་གཟིགས་པར་ བཏང་སྙོམས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་བྱམས་སྐྱོང་མཛད་དགོཔ་ཨིན། ཚེ་ད་རེས་གཅིག་ཁར་འཛོམས་པའི་བཟའ་ཚང་ནང་འཁོད་ཡང་ ནང་འཁྲུག་རྒྱབ་ཁར་བཞག་བསྟུན་གྲོས་སྦུག་ལུ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་འཆམ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་སྡོད་དགོཔ་འདི་གལ་ཆེ། ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ ཕ་མ་གིས་བུ་གཞི་ལུ་བརྩེ་བ་མེད་  བུ་གཞི་གིས་ཕ་མ་ལུ་གུས་ཞབས་མེད་པར་ ཕ་དང་བུའི་དག་སྣང་ཉམས་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  འདི་བཟུམ་མི་འབྱུང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཕམ་གིས་འབད་རུང་ ངེ་གི་བུ་ཆུང་ཤོས་འདི་ལེགས་ ངེ་གི་བུམ་ཆུང་ཤོས་འདི་ལུ་ཧིང་ལས་ར་དགའ་ ངེ་གི་བུ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་འདི་གིན་ག་ནི་ཡང་མི་ཤེས་པས་ཟེར་བའི་ ཆགས་སྡང་སྤངས་ཏེ་རང་གི་བུ་གཞི་ག་ར་ལུ་ ཉེ་རིང་མེད་པའི་བཏང་སྙོམས་དང་བྱམས་བརྩེ་ལྷོད་མེད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་སྐྱོང་དགོཔ་ཨིན། བུ་གཞི་ཚུ་གིས་འབད་རུང་ རང་གི་ཕ་མ་གཉིས་སོ་སོར་དབྱེ་བ་ཕྱེ་སྟེ་ ཨ་པ་ལུ་སྡང་སྟེ་ཨའི་ལུ་ཆགས་པ་དང་ ཨའི་སྡང་སྟེ་ཨ་པ་ལུ་ཆགས་པ་སོགས་སྤངས་ཏེ་ གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ལུ་བཏང་སྙོམས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་གུས་ཞབས་དང་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་རིགས་རྒྱུད་མཐོ་དམན་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཆགས་སྡང་ཕྱོགས་རིས་མང་སུ་མང་སུ་འཐོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དོན་ངོ་མ་ལུ་རིགས་བཟང་ངན་ལུ་ཁྱད་པར་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་ གཙོ་བོ་རང་གི་བསམ་པ་བཟང་ངན་ལུ་རག་ལས་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བཏང་སྙོམས་ཚད་མེད་འདི་གིས་སྦེ་ རང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ཆགས་སྡང་ཕྱོགས་རིས་ཀྱི་གཉེན་པོ་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལུ་ཞི་བདེ་སྤྲོད་དགོཔ་ཨིན་ནོ། །ཚད་མེད་བཞི་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ རིན་ཆེན་ཕྲེང་བ་ལས། སེམས་ཅན་ཁམས་ནི་ཚད་མེད་ལ། །ཕན་འདོད་དེ་ནི་དེ་འདྲའོ།། ༼སྐལ་བཟང་ཡིད་ཀྱི་དགའ་སྟོན་ ༦༢༽ ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== འགོག་པའི་བདེན་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཡུལ་ཝ་ར་ན་སི་ལུ་ བདེན་པ་བཞི་ཡི་ཆོས་འཁོར་སྐོར་བའི་སྐབས་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཤེས་པར་བྱ། ཀུན་འབྱུང་སྤང་བར་བྱ། འགོག་པ་མངོན་དུ་བྱ། ལམ་རྒྱུད་ལ་བསྟན་པར་བྱ། ཞེས་གསུངས་འདུག། འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ་ལུ་ རྣམ་པ་བཞིར་དབྱེ་བ་ཡིན་ཏེ་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ། ཀུན་འབྱུང་འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ། འགོག་པ་འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ། ལམ་འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པའོ། དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱུ་དང་འབྲས་བུ་གཉིས་སུ་བཤད་པའི་སྐབས་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་བདེན་པ་ནི་འཁོར་བའི་འབྲས་བུ་དང་། ཀུན་འབྱུང་གི་བདེན་པ་ནི་འཁོར་བའི་རྒྱུ་དང་། དེ་བཞིན་འགོག་པའི་བདེན་པ་ནི་མྱང་འདས་ཀྱི་འབྲས་བུ་དང་། ལམ་གྱི་བདེན་པ་ནི་མྱང་འདས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུ་ཡིན་ནོ། དེ་ལས་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བདེན་པ་དང་ ཀུན་འབྱུང་བདེན་པ་གཉིས་ནི་ ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱི་ཆ་དང་། འགོག་པའི་བདེན་པ་དང་ ལམ་གྱི་བདེན་པ་གཉིས་ནི་ ཟག་མེད་ཀྱི་ཆ་ཡིན་ནོ། ། སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བདེན་པ་བཞི་ལ་ འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ་ཞེས་བཏགས་དགོས་པའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ནི་ བདེན་པ་བཞི་ཡི་གནས་ལུགས་སམ་རང་བཞིན་ག་ཨིན་མི་འདི་ མཐའ་གཅིག་ཏུ་རྟོགས་ཚུགས་མི་ འཕགས་པ་ཁོ་ན་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིར་ འཕགས་པའི་བདེན་པ་ཞེས་བྱའོ།&lt;br&gt;

སྤྱིར་བཏང་གི་དབང་ལུ་བཏང་པ་ཅིན་ འགོག་པ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ བྲལ་བ་ལུ་གོ་ནི་ཨིན། བྲལ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ གཞི་གཅིག་ལས་གཅིག་སོ་སོ་སྦེ་ཁ་བྲལ་འགྱོ་མི་ཅིག་ལུ་གོ་ནི་ཨིན། ད་ལྟོ་སྐབས་སུ་བབས་པའི་བྲལ་ལམ་འགོག་པ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ འཁོར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རྒྱུ་ཀུན་འབྱུང་བདེན་པ་ཨིནམ་ཤེས་བཞིནམ་ལས་ ཀུན་འབྱུང་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་དང་ ཤེས་བྱའི་སྒྲིབ་པ་ཚུ་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ རྩ་བ་ལས་སྤངས་ཏེ་ འཁོར་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལས་བྲལ་མི་ཅིག་ལུ་གོ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། གལ་སྲིད་ཤེས་སྒྲིབ་དང་ ཉོན་སྒྲིབ་གཉིས་རྩ་བ་ལས་སྤངས་ཚར་བ་ཅིན་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལས་འབྲལ་ནི་འདི་ངེས་ཏིག་ཨིན་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ འདི་ལུ་འགོག་པའི་བདེན་པ་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། ཧེ་མ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ ཆོས་འཁོར་དང་པ་ བདེན་པ་བཞིའི་ཆོས་འཁོར་བསྐོར་བའི་སྐབས་གསུངས་ཡོད་བཞིན་ སྡུག་འདི་ཤེས་བྱའི་ཡུལ་དང་། ཀུན་འབྱུང་འདི་ སྤང་བྱ། འགོག་བདེན་འདི་ མངོན་གྱུར་གྱི་ཆོས། ལམ་བདེན་འདི་ བསྟེན་བྱའི་ཆོས་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཤེས་ཚར་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཀུན་འབྱུང་ལས་འབྱུངམ་ཨིནམ་ཤེས་ཏེ་ ཀུན་འབྱུང་ ལམ་བདེན་ལ་བསྟེན་ནས་སྤངས་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ འགོག་པ་རང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་འཐོབ་ནི་མ་གཏོགས་ སྡུག་མ་ཤེས་ ཀུན་འབྱུང་མ་སྤངས་ ལམ་མ་བསྟེན་པར་འགོག་པ་འཐོབ་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཨིན། དཔེར་ན། ནད་ཐོབ་པའི་མི་གཅིག་གིས་ སྨན་དང་ སྨན་པ་མཁས་མཆོག་ཚུ་ལུ་མ་བསྟེན་པར་ ནད་གཞི་འདི་དྲག་མ་བཏུབ་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན། འགོག་པ་འདི་ རང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ཐོབ་པའི་དུས་འདི་ལུ་ར་ རང་གི་གནས་དང་མིང་ཐམས་ཅད་སོར་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན། སོ་སོ་སྐྱེ་བོའི་ས་ལུ་སྡོདཔ་ད་ སེམས་ཟེར་སླབ་མི་འདི་ འགོག་པ་ཐོབ་ཅིག་ར་ སེམས་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ཡེ་ཤེས་ལུ་གནས་སོར་འགྱོཝ་མ་ཚད་ གཟུགས་ལུ་ཡང་ ངོ་བོ་ཉིད་སྐུ་ཟེར་སོར་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ སྤངས་རྟོགས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ རང་གི་མིང་ལུ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཡང་ན་ཐམས་ཅད་མཁྱེན་པ་ཟེར་སོར་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ས་ཐོབ་པའི་བསྒང་ལས་ རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ སྟོབས་བཅུ་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་མཐའ་དག་ཐོབ་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན། སྟོབས་བཅུ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ༡. གནས་དང་གནས་མིན་མཁྱེན་པའི་སྟོབས། ༢. ལས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་སྨིན་མཁྱེན་པའི་སྟོབས། ༣. མོས་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་མཁྱེན་པའི་སྟོབས། ༤. ཁམས་སྣ་ཚོགས་མཁྱེན་པའི་སྟོབས། ༥. དབང་པོ་མཆོག་དམན་མཁྱེན་པའི་སྟོབས། ༦. ཐམས་ཅད་དུ་འགྲོ་བའི་ལམ་མཁྱེན་པའི་སྟོབས། ༧. བསམ་གཏན་རྣམ་ཐར་ཏིང་འཛིན་སྙོམས་འཇུག་ཚུ་མཁྱེན་པའི་སྟོབས། ༨. སྔོན་གནས་རྗེས་དྲན་མཁྱེན་པའི་སྟོབས། ༩. འཆི་འཕོ་དང་སྐྱེ་བ་མཁྱེན་པའི་སྟོབས། ༡༠. ཟག་པ་ཟད་པ་མཁྱེན་པའི་སྟོབས་དང་བཅུ་ཐམ་ལུ་གོཝ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ལམ་གྱི་བདེན་པའི་སྐོར། ===
&lt;big&gt;'''ལམ་བདེན་གྱི་ངོ་སྤྲོད།''' མི་ལོ་གསུམ་སྟོང་ལྔ་བརྒྱ་གི་ཧེ་མ་ བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་མཆོག་ ཡུལ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་ བྱང་ཆུབ་ཤིང་གི་རྩ་བར་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ས་ལུ་གཤེགས་ཡོད་རུང་ ཞག་བདུན་ཕྲག་བདུན་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་ཆོས་མ་གསུངས་པར་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཨིན་རུང་ ལྷ་ཚངས་པ་དང་ བརྒྱ་སྦྱིན་ལ་སོགས་པ་གིས་ འབུལ་བ་གསེར་དངུལ་ནོར་སོགས་ཕུལ་ཐོག་ལས་ སངས་རྒྱས་ལུ་ ཆོས་འཁོར་བསྐོར་དགོ་པར་གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ སྟོན་པ་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱིས་ཡང་ གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་པ་པོ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ངོ་བོ་ལུ་ རང་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༤ ལུ་ཆོས་འཁོར་བསྐོར་ནི་ཨིན་པར་ངོས་ལན་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ ཆོས་འཁོར་དང་ བདེན་པ་བཞིའི་ཆོས་འཁོར་ལས་ཙམ་ཏེ་ མཚན་ཉིད་མེད་པའི་ཆོས་འཁོར་དང་ ཆོས་འཁོར་མཐའ་མ་ལེགས་པ་རྣམ་པར་ཕྱེ་བའི་ཆོས་འཁོར་ཏེ་ གཙོ་བོ་ཆོས་འཁོར་གསུམ་སྦེ་བསྐོར་བར་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལམ་གྱི་བདེན་པ་འདི་ ཆོས་འཁོར་ཆེན་པོ་གསུམ་གྱི་ནང་ལས་ ཆོས་འཁོར་དང་པ་ བདེན་པ་བཞིའི་ཆོས་འཁོར་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་གསུངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འཁོར་བ་འདི་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རང་བཞིན་ཨིན་པ་ལུ་ ཨིན་པར་ཤེས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་བྱུང་བའི་རྒྱུ་ཀུན་འབྱུང་སྤངས་ཐབས་ལུ་ ལམ་བདེན་འདི་ལུ་ངེས་པར་བསྟེན་དགོཔ་ཨིན། ལམ་བདེན་འདི་ དྲན་པ་དང་ཤེས་བཞིན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་བསྟེན་པ་ཅིན་ ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ས་ཐོབ་པ་ལུ་ དོགས་པ་ཙ་ལས་མེད། སྤྱིར་བཏང་ལམ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ འགྱོ་སའི་ལམ་ཅིག་ལུ་གོ་ནི་ཨིན་རུང་ ད་ལྟོའི་ལམ་བདེན་འདི་ འགྲོ་བ་ཀུན་གྱི་བསྟེན་དགོ་པའི་སྤང་བྱ་དང་བླང་བྱ་གཉིས་ཀ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ལམ་ ཐེག་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཐུན་མོང་ཨིན་པ་ཅིག་ལུ་གོ་ནི་ཨིན། སྤྱིར་བཏང་ སྒྲ་བཤད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ལམ་ལུ་ ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱི་ལམ་དང་ ཟག་མེད་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྟེ་ གཉིས་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་ཕྱེ་ནི་ཡོད་རུང་ ཟག་བཅས་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ལམ་འདི་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་དང་ ཀུན་འབྱུང་བདེན་པ་གི་ནང་ལུ་བསྡུ་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ལམ་ཙམ་མ་གཏོགས་ལམ་བདེན་ངོ་མ་མེན། ད་ལྟོ་ སྐབས་སུ་བབས་པ་ཟག་མེད་ཀྱི་ལམ་བདེན་བཤད་ནི་ཨིན་མི་འདི་ ཟག་བཅས་ཀྱི་ལས་ཟད་ནིའི་གཉེན་པོ་དང་ རང་ཉིད་འབྲས་བུ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ས་འཐོབ་ནི་གི་བསྟེན་བྱའི་རྒྱུ་ཨིན་ནི་འདི་གིས་དང་ བྱང་སེམས་འཕགས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ ལམ་བདེན་འདི་ཉིད་ ནད་གཞི་དྲག་ཐབས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ འཇིག་རྟེན་དང་འགྲོ་བ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས་བསྟེན་པའི་སྨན་བཟུམ་ ལམ་བདེན་འདི་ཡང་བསྟེན་དགོ་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ལམ་བདེན་ངོ་མ་འདི་ ཟག་མེད་ལམ་བདེན་ལུ་གོ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། ནང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་ལུགས་ལུ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ས་འཐོབ་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ལམ་རིམ་གཙོ་བོ་ལྔ་ལུ་བསྟེན་དགོཔ་དང་ དེ་ཡང་ ཚོགས་ལམ། སྦྱོར་ལམ། མཐོང་ལམ། སྒོམ་ལམ། མི་སློབ་པའི་ལམ་ཏེ་ ལམ་ལྔ་ལུ་བསྟེན་དགོ། དེ་ཚུ་གི་ནང་ལས་ ལམ་དང་པོ་ ཚོགས་ལམ་དང་ གཉིས་པ་སྦྱོར་ལམ་གཉིས་འདི་ སོ་སོ་སྐྱེ་བོའི་ས་ནང་སྡོདཔ་ད་བསྟེན་བྱའི་ལམ་དང་ ལམ་གསུམ་པ་མཐོང་ལམ་དང་ བཞི་པ་སྒོམ་ལམ་ དེ་ལས་ལམ་ལྔ་པ་མི་སློབ་པའི་ལམ་གསུམ་འདི་ འཕགས་པའི་ལམ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ལམ་མཐའ་མ་མི་སློབ་པའི་ལམ་འདི་ འབྲས་བུ་སངས་རྒྱས་སའམ་ འཕགས་པའི་ས་མཐའ་མ་ས་བཅུ་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྤྲིན་རྫོགསཔ་ད་གི་ དེ་མ་ཐག་ཏུ་བསྟེན་བྱའི་ལམ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྦེ་ཡང་ བཞག་དགོཔ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཤད་སྲོལ་འདུག། ལམ་ལྔ་པོ་རྒྱས་པར་བཤད་ན། &lt;br&gt;

'''དང་པ་ ཚོགས་ལམ་ནི།''' ཚོགས་ལམ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་སོ་སོ་སྐྱེ་བོའི་ལམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སོ་སོ་སྐྱེ་བོའི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་མི་གི་དུས་ཚོད་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ སྦྱོར་ལམ་དྲོད་ལ་སོགས་པ་རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་མ་བསྐྱེད་བར་དུ་བསྟེན་དགོ་པའི་ ཚོགས་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་བསགས་པའི་ལམ་ཅིག་ལུ་གོཝ་ཨིན། དེའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ དྲན་པ་ཉེར་བཞག་བཞི། ཡང་དག་སྤངས་བ་བཞི། རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་རྐང་པ་བཞི་སོགས་སྒོམས་པ་ལས་ སྤང་བྱ་རགས་པ་ཚུ་ རྣམ་པ་སུན་འབྱིན་གྱི་ཚུལ་གྱིས་སྤང་པ་ལས་ མངོན་ཤེས་དང་ ཆོས་རྒྱུན་གྱི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་གྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཚུ་ ཐོབ་པའི་ལམ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ '''གྲུབ་མཐའ་མཛོད་ལས་།''' སངས་རྒྱས་ཐོབ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་དགེ་བ་ལས་དང་པོ་པས་བསྡུས་པ་གང་ཞིག་ཐེག་ཆེན་གྱི་དྲོད་སོགས་ངེས་འབྱེད་ཆ་མཐུན་གྱི་སྐད་ཅིག་དང་པོ་ཤེས་རྒྱུད་ལ་སྐྱེ་བའི་རྒྱུར་གྱུར་པའོ།། ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ། དེ་ལུ་དབྱེ་ན་ ཚོགས་ལམ་ཆུང་ངུ་། ཚོགས་ལམ་འབྲིང་། ཚོགས་ལམ་ཆེན་པོ་ཟེར་གསུམ་ཡོད། &lt;br&gt;

'''གཉིས་པ་སྦྱོར་ལམ།''' དེ་ཡང་ ཐེག་ཆེན་གྱི་མཐོང་ལམ་གྱི་རྣམ་པ་ལུ་ རྣམ་རྟོག་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པའི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཡིད་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་མཐོང་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ དྲོད་རྩེ་མོ་སོགས་ལུ་ དུས་རྟག་བུ་ སྦྱོར་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྦྱོར་ལམ་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། '''གྲུབ་མཐའ་མཛོད་ལས།''' ཐེག་ཆེན་གྱི་ཚོགས་ལམ་རྫོགས་པའི་རྗེས་ལ་བྱུང་ཞིང་ཐེག་ཆེན་གྱི་རྟོགས་པ་གང་ཞིག་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མཐོང་ལམ་སྐད་ཅིག་དང་པོ་ཤེས་རྒྱུད་ལ་སྐྱེ་བའི་རྒྱུར་གྱུར་པའོ།།  ཟེར་གསུངས་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་ སྦྱོར་ལམ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ཚོགས་ལམ་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཚོགས་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་བསགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ སྒོམ་བྱུང་ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱིས་གཟུང་བ་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་མེད་པར་ བདེན་པའི་དོན་མངོན་པར་རྟོགས་པའི་ལམ་ཨིན་པ་མ་ཚད་ བསྒོམ་ལམ་རང་རྒྱུད་ལ་བསྐྱེད་པའི་རྒྱུར་གྱུར་པའི་ལམ་ལུ་གོཝ་ཨིན། དེའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ དབང་པོ་ལྔ་དང་ སྟོབས་ལྔ་སྒོམ་པ་ལས་ སྤང་བྱ་ཀུན་བཏགས་ཚུ་ གནོན་པའི་ཚུལ་གྱིས་སྤངས་པ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་དང་ གཟུངས་ མངོན་ཤེས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཚུ་རང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ཐོབ་ཨིན། དེ་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་ སྦྱོར་ལམ་དྲོད། རྩེ་མོ། བཟོད་པ། ཆོས་མཆོག་ཟེར་བཞི་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;

'''གསུམ་པ་ མཐོང་ལམ།''' དེ་ཡང་ འཇིག་རྟེན་ལས་འདས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་ ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་དངོས་སུ་མཐོང་བ་ལས་བརྟེན་ མཐོང་ལམ་ཟེར་གོ་ནི་དང་ ཡང་ '''གྲུབ་མཐའ་མཛོད་ལས།''' ཐེག་ཆེན་མཐོང་ལམ་རྫོགས་པའི་རྗེས་ལ་བྱུང་ཞིང་ཐེག་ཆེན་གྱི་རྟོགས་པ་གང་ཞིག་ཐེག་ཆེན་མི་སློབ་ལམ་སྐད་ཅིག་དང་པོ་ཤེས་རྒྱུད་ལ་སྐྱེ་བའི་རྒྱུར་གྱུར་པའོ།། ཟེར་གསུངས་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ མཐོང་ལམ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སྦྱོར་ལམ་དྲོད་སོགས་རིམ་གྱིས་བསྟེན་པ་ལས་ འཇིག་རྟེན་ལས་འདས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་ ཇི་ལྟ་བའི་བདག་མེད་དངོས་སུ་སྦེ་རྟོགས་པ་མ་ཚད་ ཇི་སྙེད་པའི་དོན་ཅི་རིགས་སུ་རྟོགས་ཏེ་ སྒོམ་ལམ་རང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་བསྐྱེད་པའི་རྒྱུར་གྱུར་པའི་ལམ་ཅིག་ལུ་གོ་ནི་ཨིན། མཐོང་ལམ་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བདག་མེད་ཀྱི་དོན་དངོས་སུ་སྦེ་མཐོངམ་མ་ཚད་ བྱང་ཆུབ་འཕགས་པའི་ཡན་ལག་བདུན་རང་རྒྱུད་ལ་སྒོམས་པ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྤངས་བྱ་ཉོན་མོངས་པ་ཚུ་རྩ་བ་ལས་སྤངས་ཏེ་ ཡོན་ཏན་བརྒྱ་ཕྲག་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཐོབ་ཨིན། དེ་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་ མཉམ་བཞག་དང་རྗེས་ཐོབ་ཟེར་གཙོ་བོའི་དབྱེ་བ་གཉིས་ཡོད་རུང་ མཐོང་ལམ་སྐད་ཅིག་བཅུ་དྲུག་ཟེར་ཡང་བཤད་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

'''བཞི་པ་སྒོམ་ལམ་ནི།''' 	སྔར་མཐོང་ལམ་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མཐོང་ཡོད་པའི་བདག་མེད་ཀྱི་དོན་འདི་དང་ དོན་གཞན་ཚུ་རང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་གོམས་པར་བྱེད་པའི་ལམ་ཨིན་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྒོམ་ལམ་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། ཡང་ བདག་མེད་རྟོགས་པའི་ཤེས་རབ་འདི་ རྒྱུན་མ་ཆད་པར་ཟག་མེད་ཀྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཚུ་ བརྗེད་མ་བཅུག་པར་སྒོམ་པའི་དགེ་བ་ ཐེག་ཆེན་གྱི་མི་སློབ་ལམ་གྱི་སྐད་ཅིག་དང་པོ་ཤེས་རྒྱུད་ལུ་བསྐྱེད་པར་བྱེད་པའི་རྒྱུར་གྱུར་པའི་ལམ་ལུ་གོཝ་ཨིན། འདི་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་མཐོང་ལམ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་ མཉམ་བཞག་དང་རྗེས་ཐོབ་ཟེར་གཉིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ བཤད་སྲོལ་ཅིག་ལས་ སྒོམ་ལམ་སྐོར་དགུ་ཟེར་ཡང་བརྩི་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྒོམ་ལམ་འདི་ ས་གཉིས་པ་ལས་ ས་བཅུ་པའི་བར་གྱི་བྱང་སེམས་འཕགས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་བསྟེན་ནི་མ་གཏོགས་ ས་དང་པོ་མན་ཆད་ནང་བསྟེན་རུང་བའི་ལམ་མེན། ལམ་འདིའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཉོན་མོངས་པའི་སྒྲིབ་པ་དང་ ཤེས་སྒྲིབ་ལྷན་སྐྱེས་ཚུ་སྤངམ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;

'''ལྔ་པ་ མི་སློབ་པའི་ལམ་ནི།''' 	མི་སློབ་པའི་ལམ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ཐེག་ཆེན་གྱི་ལམ་མཐར་ཕྱིན་པའི་དགེ་བ་ལུ་གོ་ནི་དང་ འདི་ལུ་མཐར་ཕྱིན་པའི་ལམ་ཟེར་ཡང་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད། ཡང་ '''གྲུབ་མཐའ་མཛོད་ལས།'''  ཐེག་ཆེན་གྱི་སྤངས་རྟོགས་མཐར་ཕྱིན་པའི་དགེ་བའོ།། ཟེར་གསུངས་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་ཨིན། དེའི་སྐབས་རང་གི་གནས་འགྱུར་འགྱོཝ་མ་ཚད་ དེའི་ཚེ་ངོ་བོ་ཉིད་སྐུ་དང་ ཡེ་ཤེས་ཆོས་སྐུ་གཉིས་རང་བཞིན་གྱི་རང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་སྐྱེ་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན། དེ་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་ ཟག་མེད་ཀྱི་ཆོས་ཉེར་གཅིག་ཡོད།&lt;/big&gt;

=== བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་གི་མཛད་པ་དང་པོ་ དགའ་ལྡན་གནས་ལས་འཕོ་བའི་མཛད་པའི་སྐོར། ===
&lt;big&gt;བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་མཆོག་ བསྐལ་པ་གྲངས་མེད་གསུམ་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་ དཀའ་སྤྱོད་ཆེན་པོ་དང་དུ་ལེན་ཏེ་ དག་པ་ས་གསུམ་དང་མ་དག་ས་བདུན་ དེ་ལས་ འཛམ་གླིང་ས་སྟེང་བཅས་ ཡུལ་བ་འདྲཝ་གསུམ་ནང་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཚུལ་སྟོན་ཏེ་ མཐའ་མ་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཚུལ་སྟོན་པར་འབྱོན་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མཛད་པ་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་སྟོན་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེའི་ནང་ལས་ '''དགའ་ལྡན་གནས་ལས་འཕོ་བའི་མཛད་པ།''' &lt;br&gt;

ཧེ་མ་ སངས་རྒྱས་མར་མེ་མཛད་ཀྱིས་ལུང་བསྟན་མི་ལྟར་དུ་ བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་མཆོག་ བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ དམ་པ་ཏོག་དཀར་གྱི་ལུས་ལུ་སྐྱེ་བ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ སངས་རྒྱས་འོད་སྲུང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་སྦེ་བཞུགས་ས་ལས་ ལུང་བསྟན་དུས་ལུ་བབས་ཏེ་ མིའི་ལུས་ལུ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཚུལ་སྟོན་པར་ མི་ཡུལ་འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག། རྒྱལ་ཚབ་མཆོག་གིས་ ངོ་མཚར་བའི་གླིང་སེར་སྐྱའི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་དང་ ངོ་མཚར་བའི་རིགས་ཐམས་ཅད་ལས་མཆོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ་ཤཱཀྱའི་རིགས་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཡོདཔ་དང་།  རིགས་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་བོད་ཡུལ་ལུ་ རྒྱལཔོ་གཉའ་ཁྲི་བཙན་པོའི་གདུང་རབས་ལས་ རྒྱལཔོ་འཕགས་སྐྱེས་བུ་ཟེར་མི་ཅིག་བྱོན་མི་འདི་ལུ་ སྲས་སྲསམོ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ རྒྱལཔོ་འདི་གིས་ བཙུནམོ་གསརཔ་ཅིག་བཞེས་ཏེ་ སྲས་དང་སྲསམོ་ལེ་ཤ་ར་བྱུང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

སྲས་དང་སྲསམོ་ཚུ་གི་ནང་ལས་ སྦོམ་ཤོས་ར་ རྐང་གདུབ་ཅན་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ཨིན་རུང་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་འདི་ བཙུནམོ་གསརཔ་གི་སྲས་ དགའ་བའི་རྩིབས་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ལུ་སྤྲོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྲས་རྐང་གདུབ་ཅན་འདི་ རང་གི་ཡབ་ལུ་ཐུགས་ཕམ་སྟེ་ རང་གི་མ་གཅིག་གི་སྤུན་ཆ་ཚུ་ཁྱིད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་སྤངས་ཏེ་ ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་བྱོན་སོ་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ཕེབས་ད་ སྤུན་ཆ་ནང་རྡོག་ཕན་ཚུན་བཟའ་ཚང་སྐྱོང་ཚུགསཔ་སྦེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ རིགས་ཀྱི་མིང་ལུ་ཡང་ ཤཱཀྱའི་རིགས་ཟེར་དར་ཁྱབ་ཡར་སོ་ནུག། དེ་ལུ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ རིགས་མཆོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ་ཅིག་སྦེ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ རིགས་རྒྱལ་རིགས། ཡུལ་རྒྱ་གར་སེར་སྐྱའི་གྲོངས། རུས་བུ་རམ་ཤིང་པ་ཤཱཀྱའི་རྒྱུད། ཡུམ་སྒྱུ་མ་ལྷ་མཛེས་དང། དུས་སྙིགས་མའི་ལྔ་བདོའི་དུས་བཅས་ ངོ་མཚར་བའི་གཟིགས་པ་རྣམ་པ་ལྔ་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ འགྲོ་བའི་དོན་མཛད་པར་ འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་ནང་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག་གོ། 
&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཡུམ་གྱི་ལྷུམ་སུ་བཞུགས་པའི་མཛད་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ གཟིགས་ཚུལ་རྣམ་པ་ལྔའི་ཐོག་ལས་གཟིགས་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལས་ དང་པ་དུས་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཚུལ་འདི་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་བ་རིན་ཆེན་སྙིང་པོའི་འདུན་དུ་ བྲམ་ཟེ་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་རྡུལ་གྱིས་ ཚེ་ལོ་བརྒྱ་པའི་དུས་ལུ་རྒྱལ་བའི་མཛད་པ་སྟོན་ནིའི་དམ་བཅའ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སངས་རྒྱས་མར་མེ་མཛད་ལས་འོད་སྲུང་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ རྒྱལ་བ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ ལུང་བསྟན་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ སྐྱེས་བུ་དམ་པ་ཏོག་དཀར་པོ་གིས་ དགོས་དོན་འདི་ཐུགས་ཁར་དྲན་ཏེ་ ཕྱོགས་བཅུ་ནང་བཞུགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་བ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ཡང་ ལོག་ཅི་ལོག་ཅི་ར་བརྒྱུད་སྐུལ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་འདི་ནང་བྱོན་པའི་དུས་ཡང་ སྙིགས་མ་ལྔ་བདོའི་དུས་ལུ་བབས་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་གཟིགས་ནུག། གཉིས་པ་ ཡུལ་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཚུལ་འདི་ཡང་་ སངས་རྒྱས་འཇིག་རྟེན་ལུ་བྱོན་མི་འདི་ འགྲོ་བ་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ཨིན་མས། གདུལ་བྱ་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ གཙོ་བོ་ལྷ་དང་མི་གཉིས་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ལྷའི་ཡུལ་དང་མིའི་ཡུལ་གཉིས་ནང་ལས་ཡང་མིའི་ཡུལ། གླིང་བཞི་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་ནང་ཨིནམ་དང་། འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་འདི་ནང་ལས་ཡང་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་རྒྱ་གར་འཕགས་པའི་ཡུལ་ལུ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ནི་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

གསུམ་པ་ རིགས་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཚུལ་ནི། འཛམ་གླིང་འདི་ནང་ སངས་རྒྱས་དང་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ བླམ་མཁས་པ་དང་ སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་བྱོན་རེ་བྱོན་ཚེ་གཅིགཔོ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་རིགས་དང་བྲམ་ཟེ་གི་རིགས་ལས་ འཁྲུངས་འཁྲུངསམ་མ་གཏོགས་རིགས་སོ་སོ་ལས་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་འཐོན་ནི་མེདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་ཡང་ མིའི་རིགས་ལུ་མ་འདྲཝ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ཡོད་རུང་ དྲི་མ་གི་མི་གཙང་བ་མེདཔ་ རིགས་ག་བ་ཡང་གཙང་ཤོས་འདི་ རྒྱལ་རིགས་དང་བྲམ་ཟེ་གི་རིགས་གཉིས་ལས་བརྒལ་མེད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ཨིན་མས། བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་རིགས་ལས་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་། འདིའི་ནང་ལས་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་རིགས་ལས་ག་བ་ཡང་གཙང་ཤོས་ རྒྱལ་པོ་ཟས་གཙང་གི་རིགས་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག། དེ་སྦེ་ དྲིན་ཅན་གོང་མ་ སངས་རྒྱས་དང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཚུ་གིས་ རིགས་གཙང་མ་ལུ་གཟིགས་དགོ་མི་འདི་ སངས་རྒྱས་དང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཚུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་འབྱོན་དགོ་མི་འདི་གཙོ་བོ་ གདུལ་བྱ་སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་འབྱོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གལ་སྲིད་ སངས་རྒྱས་དང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཚུ་ རིགས་ཐ་མལ་པ་ལས་འབྱོན་མི་ཅིག་ཨིན་པ་ཅིན་ གདུལ་བྱ་སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་གིས་ཞན་པ་ལོག་སྟེ་ གདུལ་བྱ་བཏུལ་མི་ཚུགས་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;

བཞི་པ་ རུས་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཚུལ་འདི་ཡང་	བཤད་ཟིན་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་ལས་ཨིན་མི་ཡབ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཟས་གཙང་དང་ ལྷའི་རིགས་ལས་ཨིན་མིཡུམ་སྒྱུ་མ་ལྷ་མཛེས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་རུས་རྒྱུན་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;

ལྔ་པ་ ཡུམ་ལུ་གཟིགས་པ་འདི་ཡང་  ཡར་ལྟག་ལུ་བཤད་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་ ལྷའི་རིགས་ཀྱི་ནང་ལས་ རིགས་གཙང་ཞིང་དྲི་མ་མེད་པ་ ལྷའི་རིགས་ཅིག་ལས་འཁྲུངས་མི་ཡུམ་སྒྱུ་མ་ལྷ་མཛེས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྐུ་བལྟམས་པའི་མཛད་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;སྟོན་པ་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་མཆོག་ དགའ་ལྡན་གྱི་གནས་ལས་ ལྷའི་བུ་དམ་པ་ཏོག་དཀར་པོ་ཟེར་ཞུ་མི་འདི་གི་སྐྱེ་བ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ ལྷ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཆོས་སྟོན་ཏེ་བཞུགས་པའི་བར་ན་  མི་མཇེད་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས་ཀྱི་འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་ནང་འབྱོན་ནི་གི་དུས་ལུ་འབབ་ཨིནམ་མཁྱེན་ཏེ་ སྐུ་ཚབ་རྗེ་བཙུན་བྱམས་པ་མགོན་པོ་བཀལ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དགའ་ལྡན་གྱི་གནས་ལས་བྱོན་ནུག།   &lt;br&gt;

དེ་བསྒང་ འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་གི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ སེར་སྐྱའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཟས་གཙང་གྱི་བཙུནམོ་ སྒྱུ་འཕྲུལ་ལྷ་མོ་མཆོག་གསོ་སྦྱོང་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་ཕྱི་རུ་གཉིད་ལམ་ནང་ མཆོད་པའི་སྒྲ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གླངམོ་ཆེ་ཐལ་ཁ་ མཆེཝ་དྲུག་འབད་མི་གཅིག་ མོ་གི་མཆན་ལོགས་གཡས་པ་ལས་སྦེ་ ཕོཝ་ནང་འཛུལ་བའི་གཉིད་ལམ་མཐོངམ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྟོན་པ་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་འདི་ ཡུམ་གྱི་མངལ་ལུ་ཞུགས་ནུག། ངོ་མཚར་མཚན་མ་བྱེ་བ་སྙེད་དང་བཅས། །ལུམྦི་ནཱི་ཡི་ཚལ་དུ་དོན་གྲུབ་བལྟམས།། ཟེར་གསུངས་མི་དང་བསྟུན་  ས་ག་ཟླ་བའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ གི་ཉིནམ་ལུ་ ལུམྦི་ཚལ་ཟེར་བའི་ལྡུམ་ར་ནང་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།  དེ་ལས་ སྲས་འདི་འཁྲུངསམ་ཅིག་ ཡ་མཚན་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ ཕྱོགས་བཞི་ལུ་གོམ་ཐེངས་བདུན་རེ་སྤོ་སྟེ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ གོམ་ག་ཏེ་སྤོ་སར་ མེ་ཏོག་པདྨ་ཚུ་ཤར་ཏེ་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་རྟགས་དང་མཚན་མ་བཟང་པོ་བྱུང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
  
དེ་ལས་ ཡུམ་སྲས་འཁོར་དང་བཅསཔ་ གྲོང་ཁྱེར་སེར་སྐྱ་ལུ་ལོག་ཏེ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ ཡབ་ཁོ་ར་གིས་སྲས་ཀྱི་མཚན་ཡང་ དོན་ཀུན་གྲུབ་པ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག།   མཚན་དེ་སྦེ་གསོལ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ཡང་ ཡབ་ཟས་གཙང་ལུ་སྲས་མེད་པར་ ཐུགས་བརྡུངས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྲས་གཅིག་འཁྲུངསམ་ལས་ ཁོ་གི་བསམ་པའི་དོན་ག་ར་འགྲུབ་ནི་འདི་གིས་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་ ཞག་བདུན་ལངམ་ད་ ཡུམ་གཤགས་སོ་ནུག།  ཨིན་རུང་ ཡུམ་གྱི་ནུམོ་སྐྱེ་རྒུའི་བདག་མོ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་གིས་ ཡུམ་གྱི་སྐུ་ཚབ་མཛད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་བདག་འཛིན་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;
                      
=== སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== བཙུན་མོ་འཁོར་གྱིས་རོལ་བའི་མཛད་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་སྲས་དོན་ཀུན་གྲུབ་པ་གིས་ ཡོན་ཏན་ལུ་མཁས་པའི་མཁས་ལུགས་དང་ སྒྱུ་རྩལ་ལུ་མཁས་པའི་མཁས་ལུགས་ཚུ་ འཇིག་རྟེན་པ་ཚུ་གི་མཐོང་སྣང་ལུ་སྟོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་གིས་ ཁོ་རའི་ཡབ་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་མ་ཕམ་ཅིག་དང་ ཁོ་རའི་རེ་འདོད་གྲུབ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ ས་མཚོ་མ་དང་གྲགས་འཛིན་མ། རིགས་དྭགས་སྐྱེས་ཟེར་མི་བཙུནམོ་གསུམ་གྱི་འཁོར་དུ་ ཉི་ཁྲི་རེ་བརྩིས་ཏེ་ བཙུནམོ་བསྡོམས་དྲུག་ཁྲི་ཁབ་ཏུ་བཞེས་པའི་ཚུལ་སྟོན་ཏེ་ དོན་ཡོན་གྱི་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ལུ་སྤྱད་དེ་ འཇིག་རྟེན་ཕལ་པའི་རྣམ་པ་སྟོན་གནངསྟེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་ཉེར་དགུ་མ་ལངསམ་ཅིག་ཚུན་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་སྟེ་བཞུགས་གནང་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;
=== སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== གཞོན་ནུའི་རོལ་རྩེད་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་དོན་གྲུབ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྐུ་ཡོན་གྱི་ཐུགས་ཚ་གྱང་སྦོམ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་རང་དང་མཉམ་པའི་ཨ་ལུ་ཆ་རོགས་ཁྲི་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་རིག་པ་ཅན་གྱི་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ འབྲི་ལྷག་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ ཡིག་གཟུགས་འབྲི་ཐངས། དེའི་ནང་ལས་ཡང་ ཁྱད་པར་དུ་ ཡི་གུ་གསེར་གྱིས་འབྲི་ཐངས་ཚུ་ལྷབ་པར་ སློབ་དཔོན་ཀུན་གྱི་བཤེས་གཉེན་ཟེར་མི་ཅིག་བཞུགས་སར་བྱོན་ནུག། དེའི་ཚེ་ སློབ་དཔོན་ཀུན་གྱི་བཤེས་གཉེན་གྱིས་ དཔེ་ཆ་ག་ཅི་སྟོནམ་ཅིག་ ཡིག་གཟུགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ལྔ་བརྒྱ་ལྷག་ཙམ་སྟོན་གནང་རུང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་དོན་གྲུབ་ཀྱིས་ སློབ་དཔོན་ལུ་ འདི་ང་གིས་ཤེས། སྟོན་ནི་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ ང་གིས་མ་ཤེས་མི་ སོ་སོ་ཅིག་སྟོན་ཟེར་གསུངམ་ད་ སློབ་དཔོན་འདི་གིས་ འཇིག་རྟེན་འདི་ནང་ ཡོན་ཏན་འདི་བ་ལྷགཔ་གཞན་མེད། འདི་ཚུ་ ཁྱེད་ཀྱིས་ཤེས་པ་ཅིན་ མཁས་པ་ཨིན་མས་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་དོན་ཀུན་གྲུབ་པ་གིས་ སློབ་དཔོན་ཀུན་གྱི་བཤེས་གཉེན་གྱིས་ཡང་ གོ་མ་མྱོངས་མི་ ལྷ་རིགས་ཀྱི་ཡི་གུ་ ཞལ་ལས་སྐྱོརཝ་ད་ སློབ་དཔོན་ཡང་ རྣམ་རྟོག་ལངས་ཏེ་ ཁ་ལས་དོན་ཀུན་གྲུབ་པ་ཁྱེད་ལས་མཁས་པ་གཞན་ཡོད་ག་ཟེར་ཐོན་ཡར་སོ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
འདི་བཟུམ་མའི་མཁས་པ་གི་རྟགས་ སློབ་དཔོན་གཅིག་གི་གདོང་ཁར་སྟོན་པའི་གཏམ་དང་སྙན་གྲགས་འདི་ འཇིག་རྟེན་འདི་ནང་མ་ཚད་ ལྷ་དང་ཀླུའི་ཡུལ་ལུ་ཡང་ཁྱབ་སོ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་དོན་ཀུན་གྲུབ་པ་གིས་ ཕོ་དཔའ་རྩལ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་མཉམ་རོགས་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མདའ་གི་འགྲན་བསྡུར་དང་མཆོང་ནི། དཔལ་རྟགས་ཀྱི་རིག་རྩལ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྒྱུ་རྩལ་གྱི་འགྲན་བསྡུར་ག་ཅི་ནང་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁ་འཐོབ་མི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་དོན་གྲུབ་པ་མ་གཏོགས་ གཞན་མེད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ རིག་རྩལ་ཅན་གྱི་དཔའ་བོ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ ཆ་བཞག་ཚུགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་སྲས་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
=== རབ་ཏུ་བྱུང་བའི་མཛད་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;རྒ་ན་འཆི་དང་ཚངས་སྤྱོད་གཟིགས་སོགས་ཀྱིས། །ངེས་འབྱུང་རབ་ཏུ་བྱུང་ནས་ངུར་སྨྲིག་བཞེས།། ཟེར་གསུངས་མི་ལྟར་དུ་   དགུང་ལོ་ཉེར་དགུ་བཞེསཔ་ད་ གྲོང་ཁྱེར་གྱི་སྒོ་བཞི་ལས་  མི་རྒས་རྒསཔ་དང་ན་ནཝ། ཤི་ཤིཝ།  ཆོས་འབད་མི་ཚུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ ཕྱོགས་བཅུའི་རྒྱལ་བ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ གླུ་དབྱངས་སིལ་སྙན་གྱི་སྒྲ་གིས་བསྐུལ་ཏེ་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་བཙུན་མོའི་འཁོར་རྣམས་ལུ་ སྐྱོ་བའི་ཚུལ་སྟོན་ཏེ་ ངེས་པར་འབྱུང་བའི་ཐུགས་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།  དེ་ལས་ ཞག་བདུན་ལུ་ རབ་ཏུ་མ་བྱུངམ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པ་ཅིན་ འཁོར་ལོ་བསྒྱུར་བའི་རྒྱལཔོ་ལུ་འགྱུར་འོང་ཟེར་བའི་ཡ་མཚན་ཅན་གྱི་ལུང་བསྟན་གསན་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
དེམ་ཅིག་གི་བར་ན་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་ལུ་ ཡར་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཆབ་སྲིད་དང་ མར་གྱི་མི་སེར་འཚོ་སྐྱོང་ ག་ཅི་ལུ་བལྟ་སྟེ་འབད་རུང་ འཇིག་རྟེན་འཁོར་བའི་ཆོས་འདི་ལུ་ སྙིང་པོ་རྩ་ལས་མེད་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རང་བཞིན་ཨིན་མས། ད་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་ལས་ཐར་བའི་ཐབས་ཅིག་འཚོལ་དགོ་པས་མནོ་བའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ བྱོག་འགྱོ་ནི་གི་འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། 
དེ་ལས་ ཐ་སྐར་ཟླ་བའི་ནམ་ཕྱེད་ལུ་ ཆིབས་པ་སྔགས་ལྡན་ལུ་ཆིབས་ཏེ་ ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་འདུན་དང་བརྒྱ་བྱིན་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལྷ་བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་སྟོང་གིས་མཆོད་དེ་ གནམ་ཁའི་ལམ་ལས་ དཔག་ཚད་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ས་ཁར་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་འདས་པ་ཡངས་པ་ཅན་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ གཙུག་ཕུད་ཁོ་ར་གིས་བཅད་དེ་ ལྷ་ཚུ་གིས་ཕུལ་མི་ན་བཟའ་ངུར་སྨྲིག་འདི་བཞེས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གནས་ཚུལ་དེ་ཚུ་ ཡབ་ཡུམ་དང་བཙུནམོ་ལུ་ ཞུ་དགོཔ་སྦེ་གསུངས་ཏེ་ ཆིབས་རྟ་དང་ཨ་དྲུང་ལོག་བཏང་ནུག།  དེ་ལས་ གཙུག་ཕུད་དང་ཀཱ་ཤི་ཀཱའི་ན་བཟའ་ཚུ་ ལྷ་ཚུ་གིས་བསྣམས་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;
=== རབ་ཏུ་བྱུང་བའི་མཛད་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;རྒ་ན་འཆི་དང་ཚངས་སྤྱོད་གཟིགས་སོགས་ཀྱིས། །ངེས་འབྱུང་རབ་ཏུ་བྱུང་ནས་ངུར་སྨྲིག་བཞེས།། ཟེར་གསུངས་མི་ལྟར་དུ་   དགུང་ལོ་ཉེར་དགུ་བཞེསཔ་ད་ གྲོང་ཁྱེར་གྱི་སྒོ་བཞི་ལས་  མི་རྒས་རྒསཔ་དང་ན་ནཝ། ཤི་ཤིཝ།  ཆོས་འབད་མི་ཚུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ ཕྱོགས་བཅུའི་རྒྱལ་བ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ གླུ་དབྱངས་སིལ་སྙན་གྱི་སྒྲ་གིས་བསྐུལ་ཏེ་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་བཙུན་མོའི་འཁོར་རྣམས་ལུ་ སྐྱོ་བའི་ཚུལ་སྟོན་ཏེ་ ངེས་པར་འབྱུང་བའི་ཐུགས་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།  དེ་ལས་ ཞག་བདུན་ལུ་ རབ་ཏུ་མ་བྱུངམ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པ་ཅིན་ འཁོར་ལོ་བསྒྱུར་བའི་རྒྱལཔོ་ལུ་འགྱུར་འོང་ཟེར་བའི་ཡ་མཚན་ཅན་གྱི་ལུང་བསྟན་གསན་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
དེམ་ཅིག་གི་བར་ན་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་ལུ་ ཡར་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཆབ་སྲིད་དང་ མར་གྱི་མི་སེར་འཚོ་སྐྱོང་ ག་ཅི་ལུ་བལྟ་སྟེ་འབད་རུང་ འཇིག་རྟེན་འཁོར་བའི་ཆོས་འདི་ལུ་ སྙིང་པོ་རྩ་ལས་མེད་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རང་བཞིན་ཨིན་མས། ད་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་འདི་ལས་ཐར་བའི་ཐབས་ཅིག་འཚོལ་དགོ་པས་མནོ་བའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ བྱོག་འགྱོ་ནི་གི་འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་ ཐ་སྐར་ཟླ་བའི་ནམ་ཕྱེད་ལུ་ ཆིབས་པ་སྔགས་ལྡན་ལུ་ཆིབས་ཏེ་ ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་འདུན་དང་བརྒྱ་བྱིན་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལྷ་བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་སྟོང་གིས་མཆོད་དེ་ གནམ་ཁའི་ལམ་ལས་ དཔག་ཚད་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ས་ཁར་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་འདས་པ་ཡངས་པ་ཅན་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ གཙུག་ཕུད་ཁོ་ར་གིས་བཅད་དེ་ ལྷ་ཚུ་གིས་ཕུལ་མི་ན་བཟའ་ངུར་སྨྲིག་འདི་བཞེས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གནས་ཚུལ་དེ་ཚུ་ ཡབ་ཡུམ་དང་བཙུནམོ་ལུ་ ཞུ་དགོཔ་སྦེ་གསུངས་ཏེ་ ཆིབས་རྟ་དང་ཨ་དྲུང་ལོག་བཏང་ནུག།  དེ་ལས་ གཙུག་ཕུད་དང་ཀཱ་ཤི་ཀཱའི་ན་བཟའ་ཚུ་ ལྷ་ཚུ་གིས་བསྣམས་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# དྭགས་གས་པོ་ལྷ་རྗེ་བསོད་ནམས་རིན་ཆེན། དེབ་གཟུགས་པར་ཐེངས་དང་པ། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༥ ལུ། 
# དཔེ་དེབ་ཀྱི་མིང་། དམ་ཆོས་ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུ་ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན། 
# སྐྱབས་རྗེ་བསྟན་འཛིན་དོན་གྲུབ། དེབ་གཟུགས་པར་ཐེངས་གཉིས་པ། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ལུ། 
# དཔེ་དེབ་ཀྱི་མིང་། ཕྱག་ཆེན་སྔོནའགྲོའི་འགྲེལ་པ་ངེས་ཤེས་སྒྲོན་མེ།
# ཆོས་མངོན་པར་མཛོད།
# ཚད་མ་རིག་གཏེར།
# བཤེས་པའི་སྤྲིངས་ཡིག།
# ཀུན་བཟང་བླ་མའི་ཞལ་ལུང་། 	
# དམ་ཆོས་ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུ་ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ ༢༠༠༥ ། (མཛད་པ་པོ་ སྐྱབས་རྗེ་བསྟན་འཛིན་དོན་གྲུབ།)                    
# སྐལ་བཟང་ཡིད་ཀྱི་དགའ་སྟོན།
# ཞི་གཡོག་ཆོས་རྒྱུགས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ བྲིས་ཡོད་པའི་ཟིན་བྲིས།
# ཨཱཙཱརྱ་གྲགས་པ་རྒྱལ་མཚན། (༢༠༠༧) ༧ གོང་ས་མཆོག་ནས་བདེན་པ་བཞིའི་སྐོར།
# ཨ་མཁར་བློ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོའམ་མཚོ་ལྡན་དགྱེས་པའི་ལང་ཚོ། (༢༠༠༢) ཆོས་འབྱུང་ཀུན་བཏུས་པདྨ་དཀར་པོའི་ཆུན་པོ་བློ་གསལ་འདྲེན་བྱེད་བདུད་རྩིའི་དཔལ་ཡོན་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་བཞུགས་སོ།།
# དགེ་འདུན་རིན་ཆེན། (༢༠༡༧) དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གདུལ་ཞིང་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ནགས་མོའི་ལྗོངས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་བློ་གསར་རྣ་བའི་རྒྱན་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་བཞུགས་སོ།།
# ཨ་མཁར་བློ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོའམ་མཚོ་ལྡན་དགྱེས་པའི་ལང་ཚོ། (༢༠༠༢) ཆོས་འབྱུང་ཀུན་བཏུས་པདྨ་དཀར་པོའི་ཆུན་པོ་བློ་གསལ་འདྲེན་བྱེད་བདུད་རྩིའི་དཔལ་ཡོན་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་བཞུགས་སོ།།
# དགེ་འདུན་རིན་ཆེན། (༢༠༡༧) དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གདུལ་ཞིང་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ནགས་མོའི་ལྗོངས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་བློ་གསར་རྣ་བའི་རྒྱན་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་བཞུགས་སོ།།</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>སྡེ་སྲིད་རིན་བྱོན།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4736</id>
    <revision>
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      <parentid>28934</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-03-30T04:03:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* སྡེ་སྲིད་ང་བཞི་པའི་མཛད་རྣམ་མཐའ་མ། */</comment>
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      <text bytes="616772" xml:space="preserve">=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་དང་པ་དབུ་མཛད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྐོར།  ===
&lt;big&gt;'''སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་གོང་གི་མཛད་པ།''' སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་པ་ དབུ་མཛད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འདི་ གཙང་པ་རྒྱ་རས་ཀྱི་སློབ་མ་གཙོ་བོར་འགྱུར་མི་ གྲུབ་ཐོབ་གཏེར་ཁུངས་པའི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༥༩༡ སྟོན་པའི་འདས་ལོ་ཉིས་སྟོང་བཞི་བརྒྱ་དྲུག་ཅུ་རེ་དགུ་ རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་པའི་ལྕགས་ཡོས་ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ དགོན་འོབས་མཚོའི་ཡུལ་གསར་བླ་བྲང་ནང་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། དགོན་འོབས་མཚོ་པའི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་ཚུ་ཧེ་མ་ལས་ བོད་ར་ལུང་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དགོན་འོབས་མཚོ་པའི་མི་མང་ཤོས་ར་ ར་ལུང་ལུ་ཆོས་ལུ་བྱོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཡང་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༡༡ གམ་ ཕྱིའི་གྲངས་ཚད་ལྟར་ན་ དགུང་གྲངས་ ༡༠ བཞེས་པའི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༠༡ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ར་ལུང་ལུ་ ཆོས་ལུ་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཡང་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༨ བཞེས་མི་འདི་དང་ཆོས་ཞུཝ་ད་ མཚན་ལུ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ འབྲུག་པའི་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ཁྲིད་དང་གདམས་ངག་དབང་ཚུ་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ བླ་མ་མཁས་གྲུབ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བསྟེན་ཏེ་ གར་ཐིག་དབྱངས་གསུམ་དང་ རྩིས་གཞུང་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གཞུང་ཆེན་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཕུལ་དུ་ཕྱིན་པར་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

'''ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་པའི་སྐོར།''' ཤེས་བྱ་ཀུན་ལུ་མཁས་པ་སྦྱངས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་མཛད་རུང་ གྲོས་ཐག་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་མཛད་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༠ བཞེསཔ་ད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་གདན་ས་ར་ལུང་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་གྲྭ་ཚང་གསར་བཙུགས་མཛད་ཡོད་མི་ བན་ཚང་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་དབུ་མཛད་སྦེ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེའི་ཚེ་དབུ་མཛད་མཆོག་གིས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་ལུ་ངོ་ལྐོག་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པའི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནངམ་ལས་བརྟེན་དབུ་མཛད་མཆོག་ལུ་ དབུ་མཛད་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གིས་ཕྱག་མཛོད་ཀྱི་འགན་ཁུར་ཡང་བཀལ་ནུག། ཕྱི་མ་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༡༦ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ བོད་ལུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ གཙང་སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་བཏབ་མ་བདེཝ་བྱུང་ནི་འདི་གིས་དང་ བླ་མ་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་ཚུ་གི་ལུང་བསྟན་དུས་ལུ་བབས་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ ཆིབས་ཁ་ལྷོ་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་བའི་བསྒང་ཡང་ དབུ་མཛད་མཆོག་གིས་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་གང་དྲག་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དབུ་མཛད་རང་གི་ནུ་གཅུང་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་གཙོ་བོ་མཛད་ནུག། ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་ལྷོ་མོན་འདི་ནང་ཕེབས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ཡང་ དབུ་མཛད་མཆོག་གིས་ ཕྱག་འགན་དབུ་མཛད་དང་ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཕྱག་མཛོད་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་མ་དོ་བར་ ཕྱག་འགན་གཞན་དང་གཞན་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ར་བཞེས་ཏེ་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་གོང་མའི་ཐུགས་བཏེགས་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། ལྗོངས་འདི་ནང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གིས་མ་འོངས་མཐའ་དོན་དང་ ལུང་བསྟན་དུས་ལུ་བབས་ལས་ རྫོང་བཞེངས་ཏེ་གདན་ས་བཏབ་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་ལུ་མ་རངས་མི་ ནང་མི་བླམ་ཁག་ལྔ་དང་ ཕྱིའི་བོད་ཀྱི་སྡེ་སྲིད་གཙང་མ་ཚུ་གིས་དམག་ ལན་གྲངས་ག་དེ་ཅི་ར་འོང་རུང་ འདིའི་གདོང་ལན་སྦེ་དབུ་མཛད་མཆོག་གིས་བྱོན་གནང་སྟེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་ལུ་ཉེན་ཁ་ག་ཡང་མེདཔ་བཟོ་གནང་མི་ སྐྱེས་བུ་དམ་པ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། དེའི་ཚེ་ རྒྱ་བོད་གཉིས་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ལུ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནི་ཁོ་བ་ང་དྲག་ཟེར་བའི་མི་ཁ་ཤུགས་ཅན་ལེ་ཤ་ར་ཐོན་མི་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ དབུ་མཛད་མཆོག་གིས་ཞབས་དྲུང་ལུ་ དབུ་མཛད་ཁོ་ར་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་ནིའི་སྐོར་ལས་ཞུཝ་ད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གིས་འདིའི་ལན་ལུ་ ཚིག་གཅིག་ར་མ་གསུངས་པར་ དབུ་མཛད་མཆོག་སྤང་རི་ཟམ་པ་ལུ་ཁྱིད་བྱོན་ནུག། སྤང་རི་ཟམ་པ་ལུ་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ རྒྱལ་བ་རྒོད་ཚང་པའི་གསུང་འབུམ་ལྗགས་ལུང་དང་ ཡེ་ཤེས་མགོན་པོའི་བཀའ་དབང་གནང་སྟེ་ དུས་འདི་ནས་བཟུང་དབུ་མཛད་ཁྱོད་དགོངས་ཞུ་ནི་མེན་པར་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་བསྟན་པ་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་དགོ་ཟེར་གསུངས་གནང་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ དབུ་མཛད་མཆོག་གིས་ ཧེ་མ་བ་ལྷག་པའི་ཕྱག་འགན་འཁུར་གྱིས་བཞེས་ཏེ་ བསྟན་པ་དང་ འགྲོ་བ་ལུ་ཕན་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཙང་ཙ་ར་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༤༠ ལུ་ སྤུ་ན་རྫོང་གི་ནང་ན་ འབྲུག་པའི་ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལུགས་ཐོག་མར་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་གར་ཐིག་དབྱངས་གསུམ་སོགས་ཀྱི་ཁྲིམས་སམ་སྲོལ་གཞན་ག་དང་ཡང་མ་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྲིད་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཁྲིམས་ཚུ་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་གོང་མའི་བཀའ་བཞིན་ ཧེ་མ་ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ་ལུ་སྐྱེ་བ་བཞེས་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ སློལ་གཏོད་མཛད་གནང་མི་ ལྷ་ཆོས་དགེ་བ་བཅུ་དང་མི་ཆོས་གཙང་མ་བཅུ་དྲུག་ལུ་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ སྲིད་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཁྲིམས་ཡང་སྲོལ་གཏོད་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། '''སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པ།''' དབུ་མཛད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འབྲུག་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་གོང་ལས་ར་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་ ངོ་ལྐོག་གང་ཡང་མེད་པའི་ཐོག་ལས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལྷོ་རོང་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ཡང་ ཕྱག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ཞུ་བ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༥༡ གི་ལོར་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ ཐུགས་དམ་རིམ་གཉིས་བཞུགས་པའི་དུས་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ དབུ་མཛད་མཆོག་སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་ཡོད་རུང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་དགོངས་རྫོགས་ཨིན་ཟེར་ག་ནི་ཡང་བསྒྲུབ་ནི་མེདཔ་ལས་ ལེགས་དར་ཕུལ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་རྩིས་སྲུང་ཡང་ག་ནི་ཡང་ཞུ་མ་ཚུགས་པས། ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་ཐུགས་དམ་ལུ་མ་བཞུགསཔ་ཅིག་ཁར་ དྲུང་དམ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ལུ་བཀའ་གནང་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ དབུ་མཛད་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ གསལ་ཤིང་གསལ་བར་གསལ་བསྒྲགས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དུས་དེ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ ཕྱག་མཛོད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་པ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་གསལ་བཏོན་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ མཁན་ཆེན་པད་དཀར་འབྱུང་གནས་ཡང་རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་དང་པ་ཨིན་པར་གསལ་བཏོན་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

'''ཤར་ཕྱོགས་འཁོར་ལོ་རྩིབས་བརྒྱད་གཞུང་འོག་ལུ་བཙུགས་ཚུལ།''' ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་དགྲ་བླམ་ཁག་ལྔ་སོགས་བཏུལ་བའི་ཤུལ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ཚར་གཅིག་སྐྱིད་པོ་་སྐྱོང་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་དགྲ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ངོ་ལོག་རྐྱབ་རྐྱབ་ས་ར་སྡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ གྲ་སྒྲིག་རྐྱབ་རྐྱབ་ས་ར་སྡོད་དགོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཨིན་རུང་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ མི་འགྱུར་བསྟན་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལུ་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་དམག་དཔུང་ མེ་རག་མན་ཆད་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་འཁོར་ལོ་རྩིབས་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་སུ་གཏོགས་མི་ག་ར་ གཞུང་གི་དབང་དུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༥༥ ལུ་གྱུར་གནང་ནུག། '''ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ལུགས་སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་།''' ཧེ་མ་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཞལ་བཞུགས་སྐབས་ སྲོལ་གཏོད་གནང་མི་ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལུགས་མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ཐབས་དང་ ཉམས་པ་གསོ་སྐྱོང་མཛད་ཐབས་ལུ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་དང་རྫོང་གཞི་ཚུ་ནང་གི་དགེ་འདུན་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་ འཆད་རྩོད་རྩོམ་གསུམ་གྱི་སློབ་སྦྱོང་ལུ་ནན་གཏན་འབད་བཅུག་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གསང་སྔགས་རྙིང་མའི་ལུགས་ པད་གླིང་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་ཡང་ ཉམས་པ་གསོ་སྐྱོང་གི་དོན་དུ་ པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་སྐུ་གདུང་འདི་ཡང་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་སྐུ་གདུང་དང་དབྱེ་བ་མེདཔ་སྦེ་ བསྙེན་བཀུར་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲིམས་ཡང་དམ་ཟབ་མཛད་པའི་སྐབས་ མི་ལ་ལུ་གཅིག་གིས་སྐུར་པ་བཏབ་མི་ཐོན་ཏེ་འདི་ར་འབད་རུང་ ཧེང་བཀལ་ཅིག་དམ་ཟབ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ འཇིགས་སྣང་ཆེ་རུང་ཞི་བདེ་གི་ངང་ལུ་སྐྱོངས་ནུག། '''སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ།''' ས་སྐྱོང་དབུ་མཛད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལོ་ལྔའི་རིང་ལུ་སྐྱོངས་བའི་མཐའ་མར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༥༥ གི་ལོ་ལུ་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ༼སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་པ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲའི་མཛད་རྣམ།༽ ===
&lt;big&gt;དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོང་མ་ ཁོ་བོ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མིང་ལུ་འབྲུག་དང་ དེ་ནང་གི་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་འབྲུག་པ་ཟེར་བཏགས་གནང་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་སྐྱབས་རྗེ་རིམ་བྱོན་དང་ སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཧོངས་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་སྐྱོང་སྡོད་ནུག། ལྷོ་མོན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་པོ་དབུ་མཛད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ ༥༩ པ་ ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཚུན་བྱོན་པའི་ནང་ལས་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་པ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲའི་མཛད་རྣམ་མདོར་བསྡུས་ཙམ་ཞུ་བ་ཅིན། &lt;br&gt;

འབྲུག་གི་སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་པ་ས་བདག་མི་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༠༢ ཆུ་ལུག་ལོ་ལུ་ ལྷོ་མོན་གྱི་དབུས་ཀྲོང་གསར་མང་སྡེ་ཡུལ་གླིང་ལུ་ འབྲུག་པའི་གདུང་རབས་ མི་ཕམ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མའི་སྲས་སུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།  དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་བསྟན་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་ ཡབ་གཅིག་པའི་སྐུ་མཆེད་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཞལ་གྱི་དབྱིབས་ཚུ་ཡང་ཞབས་དྲུང་དང་ཆ་མཚུངས་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ ཆོས་འབྱུང་དང་རྒྱལ་རབས་ཚུ་ནང་བཤད་ནི་འདུག།  ཁོ་གི་མཚན་ལུ་ལ་སྔོན་ཆོས་རྗེ་དང་ ཆོས་རྗེ་ལ་སྔོན་པ་དང་ ལ་སྔོན་སྤྲུལ་པའི་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཟེར་ཞུཝ་ཨིན་མས། ཁོ་གི་མཚན་ལུ་ལ་སྔོན་ཟེར་ཞུ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ཡང་ གདན་ས་ར་ལུང་དང་ཉེ་བའི་ ལ་སྔོན་ཟེར་མི་སློབ་མ་དང་སྦྱིན་བདག་ཆོས་རྗེ་གངས་ཅན་པའི་སྐུ་སྐྱེ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ ཀུན་མཁྱེན་པད་མ་དཀར་པོའི་རྣམ་ཐར་ ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཟློས་གར་ལས་གསུངས་བཞག་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་རང་ཉིད་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ བོད་ར་ལུང་ལུ་ཆོས་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ཡབ་མི་ཕམ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་ལས་ ཆོས་བཀའ་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་དང་ ཚད་མ་དང་གསོ་བའི་རིག་པ་རྣམས་ལ་སློབ་སྦྱོང་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཆིབས་ཁ་ལྷོ་ལུ་བྱོནམ་ད་ ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་བྱོན་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༡༦ མེ་མོ་འབྲུག་ལོ་ལས་བཟུང་སྟེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་མེད་པར་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་གོང་མའི་ཐུགས་གཏད་ཅིག་སྦེ་ ཕྱི་ནང་གསང་གསུམ་གྱི་སྐུ་དགྲ་བཏུལ་ནི་དང་ ཆོས་སྲིད་བསྟན་པའི་ལས་སྣ་བརྩམ་ནི་ལུ་ མེད་ཐབས་མེད་པའི་ལས་རོགས་པ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག། ཡང་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༣༩ ལུ་ བོད་གཙང་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དམག་ཐེངས་གསུམ་པའི་སྐབས་ ལྷོ་འབྲུག་གི་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་ལུ་དགོངས་ཏེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ གདན་ས་ལྕགས་རི་ལུ་སྐུ་ཟུར་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཁོ་བོ་སྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲས་ སྐུ་སྲུང་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༤༢ ལུ་བོད་དགའ་ལྡན་ཕོ་བྲང་གི་གཞུང་གསར་གྱི་དབུ་བརྙེས་པའི་སྐབས་ ལྷོ་འབྲུག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མཐུན་ལམ་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་མཛད་སྒོའི་ཕྱག་མཇལ་དང་འབུལ་བ་ཕུལ་བར་ ཁོ་གི་འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོགས་སོང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་གསར་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་གསུང་གྲོས་ཚུ་ཡང་ བློ་རྩལ་ཅན་མང་པོ་ཞིག་གི་ཐག་ཆོདཔ་སྦེ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༤༥ ལུ་དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེས་ སྤ་རོ་རིན་སྤུངས་རྫོང་བཞེངས་བསྒྲུབས་ད་ བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་འདི་ སྤ་རོ་སྤྱི་བླ་དང་པའི་སྒོ་གནས་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༤༨ ལུ་ བོད་གཞུང་དགའ་ལྡན་ཕོ་བྲང་གིས་དམག་ཆེན་ཐེངས་གཉིས་པ་འབྲུག་ལུ་བཏངམ་ད་ སྤ་རོ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་དམག་སྡེའི་སྤྱི་ཁྱབ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲས་མཛད་ཐོགས་ བོད་གྱི་དམག་སྡེའི་གདོང་ལེན་མཛད་དེ་ དམག་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་པ་མ་ཚད་ ས་སྐྱ་བདག་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཀུན་དགའ་བསོད་ནམས་གྲགས་པ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ ཆིངས་འགྲིགས་ཏེ་བར་འདུམ་མཛད་པའི་སྐུ་ངོ་ལུ་བོད་དམག་ཚེ་ཐར་བའི་དྲན་རྟེན་ལུ་ སྤ་རོ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་འདི་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༤༩ ལུ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲས་གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། འབྲུག་པའི་སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་པོ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་སྐུ་བཤེགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༥༦ གནམ་ལོ་མེ་སྤྲེལ་ལོ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༥༦ མེ་སྤྲེལ་ཟླ་བ་སྡེ་སྲིད་རང་ཉིད་གསེར་ཁྲིར་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ ཟླཝ་གཉིས་ཡང་མ་ལངམ་ལས་ བོད་ཀྱི་གོང་ས་ལྔ་པ་རྒྱལ་བ་བློ་བཟང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་དང་ བོད་ཀྱི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ རྒྱ་ལེ་ཆོས་མཛད་བསོད་ནམས་རབ་བརྟན་ ནང་སོ་ཨའུ་ཟེར་སླབ་མི་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཁོང་གི་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་བཙུགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ བོད་ཁྲིད་སྐོར་བཅུ་གསུམ་དང་ཧོར་སོག་འདྲེས་མའི་དམག་ཆེན་ཐེངས་གསུམ་པ་འབྲུག་ལུ་བཏང་ནུག།  དེའི་སྐབས་བོད་ཀྱི་དམག་སྡེ་ཚུ་འབྲུག་པའི་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་དང་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ དེ་ལས་དབུས་ཕྱོགས་དང་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ཐདམ་ཐད་ཁ་ལས་འཛུལ་འོངམ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་གིས་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་གོང་མ་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ སྐུ་མཚམས་བཞུགས་པའི་བུག་སྒོ་ལས་སྐྱབས་ཞུ་བ་དང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་བཀའ་སྲུང་དམ་པ་ཡེ་ཤེས་མགོན་པོ་དང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་མ་ཧཱ་ཀ་ལ་ལྕམ་དྲལ་བཀའ་སྡོད་དམ་ཅན་རྒྱ་མཚོར་ དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་སྐྱབས་ཞུའི་གསོལ་མཆོད་དང་ དམག་ཟློགས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་རིམ་སོགས་གནང་སྟེ་ འདི་འཕྲོས་ལས་ཕྱོགས་སོ་སོའི་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་དམག་དཔོན་དང་ ཁས་བླངས་དཔའ་རྩལ་ཅན་གྱི་དམག་དཔུང་གྲ་སྒྲིག་དང་ བཀོད་ཁྱབ་དམ་ནོན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་དམག་འཐབ་ཀྱི་གཡུལ་ངོ་ལུ་བཞུགས་གནང་ནུག། བོད་དམག་དཔུང་ཆེན་འོང་རུང་འབྲུག་དམག་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ དམག་ཡུན་ས་སྤྲེལ་ཟླ་བ་ ༨ པ་ལས་ ས་བྱ་ཟླཝ་ ༦ པ་ཚུན་གྱི་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ བོད་ཀྱི་དམག་དཔོན་གོང་མ་ སྡེ་དཔོན་བཀྲ་ཤིས་བརྩེགས་པ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་འགོ་དཔོན་སུམ་ཅུ་དང་། དམག་དཔོན་འོག་མ་དང་ལྡིང་དཔོན་ གཞན་ཡང་དམག་མི་སུམ་བརྒྱ་ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་བཙོན་ལུ་བཟུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བོད་དམག་རྣམས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཁར་ ལོག་འགྱོ་བ་ལུ་དམག་དཔོན་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ཕམ་ཁ་ལེན་ཏེ་ སོག་དམག་གཞན་གྱི་གདོང་ཁར་ངོ་ཚ་སྟེ་ལོག་མ་སྟེར། ཟླ་བ་གསུམ་པ་ལས་ས་དྲོད་ཀྱི་འབར་བའི་བསྒང་ལས་ དུག་སྦྱང་དང་འབུཔ་གིས་དམག་མི་ལ་ལུ་ཤི་ ལ་ལུ་ན་སྟེ་ མ་ཤི་གསོན་པོའི་ལུས་ལུ་དམྱལ་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མྱོང་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག། ལྷོ་མོན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ལས་མེད་རུང་ དཔུང་སྟོབས་ཆེ་བའི་བོད་དམག་གིས་མ་ཐུབ་མི་འདི་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་གོང་མའི་ཐུགས་རྗེ་དང་། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་བཀའ་སྲུང་དམ་པས་མཐུ་རྩལ། ས་བདག་མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་རང་ཉིད་ལ་ ཐུན་མོངས་མ་ཡིན་པའི་རིག་རྩལ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་དང་པ་དེ་ར་ གྲུབ་འབྲས་བླ་ན་མེད་པ་ཅིག་བྱུང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་རང་ཉིད་ བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་པའི་བདག་ཉིད་ཅན་དང་། ཐུགས་རྒྱུད་བཟང་བ་དང་། མཁྱེན་རྒྱ་ཆེ་བའི་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས་ ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་ཡང་ འདི་འཕྲོ་ལས་འཇམ་རྩུབ་ཀྱི་མཐའ་ལུ་མ་ལྷུང་བར་ སྔོན་སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་པོའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྩུབ་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ དུམ་གྲ་ཅིག་སངས་སོ་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་ར་ཚད་མ་དང་གསོ་བའི་རིག་པ་ལུ་མཁས་དྲག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་ཚུ་ནང་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་གོང་མའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད་ལྟར་ ཚད་མ་རིག་པའི་བཤད་གྲྭ་གསར་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག།  དེ་མ་ཚད་དགེ་སློང་ཚུ་ལུ་ཚོགས་རྒྱུགས་ཕུལ་ནིའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཚུ་ཡང་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ཚོགས་རྒྱུགས་ཕུལ་ཚུགས་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་གཟེངས་བསྟོད་གནང་སྟེ་ ཤེས་ཡོན་ལུ་དང་འདོད་དང་སྤྲོ་བ་བསྐྱེད་ཐབས་མཛད་ནུག།  ཡང་ནད་ཀྱིས་འཛིན་ཏེ་ཉམས་ཐག་སྡོད་མི་འགྲོ་བ་ཡོངས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་དང་གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ལས་ སྨན་རིགས་སོགས་བསྡུ་སྟེ་ ཕྱག་མཛོད་ནང་སྨན་རིགས་ཡོངས་སུ་མཁོ་སྒྲུབ་མཛད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དགོས་མཁོ་ཅན་ཚུ་ལུ་གནང་བ་མ་ཚད་ བོད་གངས་ཅན་གྱི་སྨན་པ་རྣམས་ལ་ཡང་ སྨན་གྱི་སྦྱིན་པ་ལེན་ཐེངས་གཉིས་གནང་བ་མ་ཚད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་རང་གི་བྱ་བ་ལས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་དང་ བསྟན་པའི་ཕུགས་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ་ཡང་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ཡོད། སྡེ་སྲིད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་མཆོག་ནི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གདུང་རིགས་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ལུགས་གཉིས་ལུ་ཐུགས་རིག་མཁས་ནས་ མངའ་འབངས་བྱམས་ཀྱིས་སྐྱོང་བ་དང་། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་བསྟན་པ་ལུ་གནོད་པའི་དགྲ་ཚུ་ཡང་བཏུལ་ཏེ་ དཀར་པོ་དགེ་བའི་མཛད་པ་ཤིན་ཏུ་རྒྱ་ཆེ་བའི་ཕྱག་ཤུལ་སྦོམ་བཞག་སྟེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༦༧ མེ་ལུག་ཟླ་བ་ ༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་ནུག།  སྡེ་སྲིད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་ལུ་ གདུང་བསམ་དུང་དཀར་དགོན་པ་ལུ་སྲས་བསོད་ནམས་དར་རྒྱས་ཟེར་མི་ཅིག་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤ་རོ་ལུ་སྤྱི་བླ་མཛད་པའི་སྐབས་ཧཱུ་རལ་་ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་དཔལ་བཟང་ཟེར་མི་ཅིག་ཟུར་སྲས་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་ཡང་བཤད་ནི་འདུག།&lt;/big&gt; 

===  ༼སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་གསུམ་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པའི་མཛད་རྣམ།༽ ===
&lt;big&gt;ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་མཆོག་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༡༣ ལུ་བོད་ཀྱི་གཡུས་སྨིན་འཁྱིད་ཟེར་ས་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་མཚན་ལུ་དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནུག། སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུ་བསྒང་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་ ཡོངས་འཛིན་ལྷ་དབང་བློ་གྲོས་ལས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་དབང་ཁྲིད་གདམས་ངག་དང་ གར་ཐིག་དབྱངས་གསུམ་དང་རིག་པའི་གནས་བཅུ་ཚུ་སྦྱང་བརྩོན་གནང་ནུག། དགེ་སློང་དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་འདི་ གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་སྡེ་ནང་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་དགོ་རུང་ ཚགས་ཁར་ཚུད་མི་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དབུ་མཛད་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་ཤུལ་ལས་ར་ ལྕགས་རི་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་དབུ་མཛད་སྦེ་བཀལ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་བླ་མ་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ གདན་ས་ཤར་ཁྱུང་སེང་ཁ་དར་རྒྱས་དགོན་པའི་བླམ་སྦེ་བཏང་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

'''ཤར་ཕྱོགས་འཁོར་ལོ་རྩིབས་བརྒྱད་དབང་འོག་ལུ་བསྡུ་བ།''' སྐྱབས་མགོན་གོང་མའི་ལུང་བསྟན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་བླ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་གིས་ ཤར་རྫོང་དྲུག་གི་ནང་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ལུ་བཅགས་ཏེ་སྒྲུབ་ཁང་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ནང་ ཆོས་འཁོར་རབ་བརྟན་རྩེའི་རྫོང་བཞེངས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ མཚན་ཡང་འབྲུག་མི་འགྱུར་ཆོས་འཁོར་རབ་བརྟན་རྩེ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་བུམ་ཐང་སྡེ་བཞི་དབང་འོག་ལུ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ གཏམ་ཞིང་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཆོས་གླིང་ལས་ གཏེར་ཆེན་པོ་པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་སྐུ་གདུང་ཡིད་བཞིན་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ས་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ནུག། ཧེ་མ་ཡོངས་འཛིན་ངག་གི་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་གདན་ས་ བྱ་དཀར་སྒྲུབ་སྡེ་ཆགས་ས་ལུ་བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་བཞེངས་ནིའི་གྲ་སྒྲིག་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ རྫོང་དཔོན་ཡང་གཉེར་པ་ལོང་བ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་བཀལ་ནུག། འབྲུག་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་གི་མ་འགྲིགས་པའི་བྱེལཝ་འཐོན་དོ་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ དང་པ་ར་གཞུང་དམག་ཀུར་སྟོད་ལུ་ལྷོད་དེ་ ཀུ་རེ་སྟོད་ཀྱི་དཔོན་ཆེན་དར་མ་དང་རྒྱལ་པོ་དགའ་བ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཕྱད་མདའ་རྐྱབ་ད་ གཞུང་དམག་ལུ་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ དཔོན་དང་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཚུ་བཙོན་ལུ་བཟུང་། ཀུ་རེ་སྟོད་སྨད་ཀྱི་འབངས་འཁོར་ག་ར་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ཡོངས་འཛིན་ངག་གི་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་གླེང་གླེང་ཟེར་ས་ལུ་སྒྲུབ་སྡེ་བཙུགས་ཡོད་པའི་གདན་ས་ལུ་ རྫོང་བཞེངས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ རྫོང་གི་མིང་ཡང་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་རིན་ཆེན་རྩེའི་རྫོང་ཟེར་བཏགས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་གཞུང་དམག་ལོང་ལུང་པའི་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ ལོང་ལུང་པའི་སྡེ་དཔོན་ག་ར་གཞུང་དམག་ལུ་འདྲོགས་ཏེ་ མདོ་གསུམ་ཚུན་གྱི་འབངས་འཁོར་ག་ར་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་བཙུགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྡོང་བསྟི་ལུ་རྫོང་བཞེངས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་རྫོང་གི་མིང་ཡང་ ཁོ་ལོང་བཀྲ་ཤིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཟེར་བཏགས་ནུག། དམག་དཔོན་སྤྱི་བླ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་དང་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ གཞོང་སྒར་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ འབངས་འཁོར་ག་ར་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ གཞོང་སྒར་ལུ་རྫོང་བཞེངས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

'''སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གི་མཛད་སྒོ།''' སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་པ་ཆོས་རྗེ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༦༧ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགསཔ་ལས་ དེ་སྐབས་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་དང་འོས་འབབ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་སྤྱི་བླ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༦༧ ཟླཝ་ ༣ པའི་ཡར་ཚེས་ལུ་ཀྲོང་གསར་སྤྱི་བླ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གསུམ་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲིར་ བཞུགས་གྲལ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་དང་བཅས་པའི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་སྐབས་གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གྱི་དགའ་སྟོན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལུ་ སྒང་སྟེང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་གཉིས་པ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ལེགས་པའི་དོན་གྲུབ་ཀྱང་བྱོན་ནུག། '''སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་ཤུལ།''' ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་ལྷོད་དེ་ ཟླཝ་གཅིག་གི་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ར་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༣༠ བཞེས་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་ཀྱི་གྲས་ལས་བཏོན་ཏེ་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་ཟེར་མཚན་ཕུལ་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་ར་ཕྱི་ནང་གསང་གསུམ་གྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་མཛད་དགོ་རུང་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་དང་བསྟུན་གྲོས་མཛད་དེ་གནང་ནུག། '''སྡེ་སྲིད་གོང་མའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ།''' སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་འཕྲོ་གོང་སའི་དགོངས་རྫོགས་ལུ་དམིགས་པའི་ མཆོད་རྟེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་དངུལ་འབུམ་བཞེངས་མི་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༧༠ ལུ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ བཀའ་འགྱུར་གསེར་བྲིས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༧༤ ལུ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་གནང་ནུག། '''རྫོང་གཞིས་གསར་བཞེངས།''' གསང་ཟབ་ཆོས་རྫོང་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༣༤ ལུ་ཉམས་ཆག་ཤོར་མི་འདི་ ལོག་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༧༡ ལུ་རྩ་བ་ལས་གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་སྟེ་ རབ་གནས་ཡང་རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཞུ་སྟེ་གནང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤུང་ཐང་ཞབས་དྲུང་རྩེའི་གཟིམ་ཁང་ལེགས་བཅོས་དང་ གླིང་བཞི་གཡུལ་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་དང་ནུབ་དྷ་ལིང་རྫོང་ཚུ་ཡང་གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། འབྲུག་བོད་ཀྱི་དམག་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བུམ་ཐང་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་ཚར་གཅིག་ཤོར་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་གིས་བླ་མ་ངག་དབང་རབ་བརྟན་གྱིས་འཁྱིད་པའི་དམག་རྒྱབ་བཏང་སྟེ་ བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་ལོག་ཐོབ་པ་མ་ཚད་ བོད་དམག་བུམ་ཐང་་ལས་བདའ་བཏང་སྟེ་ བྱ་དཀར་གཡུལ་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་ཟེར་བའི་མཚན་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་དམག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁ་འབྲུག་པ་གིས་ཐོབ་ལས་ གླིང་བཞི་རྫོང་གསརཔ་བཏབ་སྟེ་ རྫོང་གི་མིང་ཡང་གླིང་བཞི་གཡུལ་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་ཟེར་མཚན་གསོལ་ནུག། '''སྒར་སྐོར་ལུ་བྱོན་པ།''' ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་དང་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་གཉིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༧༦ པའི་ཟླཝ་ ༤ པའི་ནང་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་ཨའུ་ཚེ་རིང་གིས་འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་ལས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ཁ་ཐུག་སྒར་སྐོར་ལུ་ཆིབས་བསྒྱུར་གནང་ནུག། ཀྲོང་གསར་ལུ་དངུལ་འབུམ་མཆོད་རྟེན་ཐོག་ཚད་མ་རབ་གནས་གནང་སྟེ་ མགོན་ཁང་ནང་བཙུགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་གནས་སྐོར་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ རྫོང་གཞིས་ལྷ་ཁང་ མགོན་ཁང་ཚུ་ལུ་རབ་གནས་ཐུགས་སྨོན་ཚུ་གནང་ནུག། '''དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གདུང་གི་ཐུགས་འདོད།''' ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་མ་བཞུགས་རུང་ རྒྱལ་བའི་སྲས་ཡབ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་ཅིག་ཞུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༧༨ ལུ་དཔལ་ལྡན་གདུང་རིགས་ལས་ཨིན་པའི་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཀླུ་ལྡིངས་པའི་སྲས་མོ་འདི་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱིས་ལེགས་བསྒྲིགས་ཐོག་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རྩེའི་བདག་མོར་ཕུལ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ཟླཝ་ལྔ་དྲུག་དེ་ཅིག་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་ སྲསམོ་ཅིག་འཁྲུངས་མི་ལུ་མཚན་ཡང་ མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། '''སྐུ་མཚམས་ལུ་བཞུགས་པ།''' ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་མཆོག་ དགོང་ལོ་ ༦༧ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༧༩ ལུ་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་དང་དགོངས་པ་མི་མཐུན་པའི་གནད་རེ་ཐོན་ཏེ་ཡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ དཀའ་ངལ་ཚུ་ཞི་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལོ་དེའི་དགུན་གྱི་རིང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་ནང་ སྐབས་ཅིག་སྐུ་མཚམས་ལུ་བཞུགས་ནིའི་ཐུགས་ཐག་བཅད་ནུག། དེ་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ རྟ་མགོ་ལུ་སྐུ་མཚམས་བཞུགས་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ངོ་ཚབ་མཛད་དགོ་པའི་གསོལ་བཏབ་བཞིན་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ངོ་ཚབ་མཛད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ཕེབས་ནུག། '''སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ།''' སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ལུ་ཧེ་མ་ལས་ར་ མ་རངས་པ་ཡོད་མི་སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་བགྲེསཔ་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱིས་ ཁོ་རའི་ཉམས་རོགས་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གསང་བའི་འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༨༠ ཟླཝ་ ༡༢ པའི་ནང་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་སྦེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ལུ་ངོ་ལོག་གི་དམག་དཔུང་ཧང་ཏོ་མ་ལུ་འོང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཞབས་དྲུང་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་པ་ སྲས་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྡོ་རྗེའི་གཟིམ་ཁང་ནང་བྱོག་སྟེ་བྱོན་ནུག། དེ་ལས་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནངམ་ད་ མཁན་ཆེན་བསོད་ནམས་འོད་ཟེར་དང་དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་ཀྱིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་སྲོག་སྐྱབས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཁོ་རའི་ཐུགས་འདོད་བཞིན་དུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་སྒྲུབ་ཁང་གི་སྦོ་ལོགས་ཁར་ མཚམས་ཁང་ཅིག་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། དེ་སྐབས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ དྲུང་ཡིག་སྦེ་བཞུགས་མི་ གྲུབ་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་བསམ་གཏན་གྱིས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་ ཉིན་མཚན་མེད་པར་ ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག། '''དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་ཤིང་དགོངས་རྫོགས་སྒྲུབ་པ།''' སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༨༠ ལུ་སྐུ་མཚམས་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་མ་བདེ་བར་ དྲོ་པ་བྱཔོ་འབོ་བའི་དུས་མཚམས་ལུ་ བདེ་བ་ཅན་གྱི་སྨོན་ལམ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་སྟེ་ སྨོན་ལམ་རྫོགསཔ་ཅིག་ཁར་ དགོངས་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་སུ་ཐིམ་སྟེ་ བདེ་བ་ཅན་གྱི་ཞིང་ཁམས་ལུ་བྱོན་སོ་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ བཀའ་འགྱུར་སྐྱ་པོད་ཚངམ་སྦེ་ གསར་གཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་གི་མ་ཚད་པར་ སྟག་རྩེ་ལུ་ ལྷ་ཁང་ཐོག་གཉིས་གསརཔ་སྦེ་་བཞེངས་བཅུག། ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ནང་ དངུལ་འབུམ་མཆོད་རྟེན་གྱི་གཡས་གཡོན་ལུ་ ཙན་དན་དཀར་དམར་གྱི་མཆོད་རྟེན་དང་ རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོད་རྟེན་ཡང་བཞེངས་བཅུག་སྟེ་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་ཐབས་ཀྱི་བསྔོ་སྨོན་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཁོ་ར་གིས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག་གོ།
&lt;/big&gt;
=== ༼སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཞི་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ།༽ ===
&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་མཆོག་གི་རིགས་རུས་ནི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་ཆོས་རྗེ་གཙང་པ་རྒྱ་རས་ཀྱི་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་དྲི་མ་མེད་པ་ལས་ཨིན་པས། གདུང་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་པ་མང་རབས་བྱོན་པའི་ནང་ལས་ བླ་ན་མེད་པ་ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོའི་རྣམ་སྤྲུལ་ རྟ་མགོ་ཆོས་རྗེ་ཚེ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་བྱོན་ནུག། རྟ་མགོ་ཆོས་རྗེ་ཚེ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་དང་ ཅང་སྒང་ཁ་བླ་མའི་སྲས་མོ་དམ་ཆོས་བསྟན་འཛིན་གཉིས་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༣༨ ཟླཝ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༣ ལུ་རྟ་མགོའི་གདན་ས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་འཁྲུངས་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་གསན་སྟེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་བྱུང་མི་ལུ་ ངེའི་བསམ་པ་རྫོགས་ཅི་ཟེར་ ཐུགས་མཉེས་སྦོམ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ དབང་དང་བྱིན་རླབས་ཚུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

'''སྐུ་ཡོན་གསན་བཞེས་དང་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་སྡེར་ཞུགས་པ།''' རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་དགུང་ལོ་ ༤ ལས་སྐུ་ཡོན་དང་པ་ཡུམ་གྱིས་ གསལ་བྱེད་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ཕུལཝ་ད་ དཀའ་ངལ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་མཁྱེན་ཚུགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཡབ་ཚེ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་ལས་དབང་ཆོས་ལ་སོགས་པ་གནང་ནུག། དགུང་ལོ་ ༦ བཞེསཔ་ད་ ཡབ་ཚེ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་རན་ཁར་ ཡུམ་དང་མ་སྨད་ཚུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ལུ་ བཅོལ་གཏམས་མཛད་དེ་ ཡབ་ཁོ་ར་གཤགས་སོ་ནུག། དགུང་ལོ་ ༨ བཞེསཔ་ད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ གྲྭ་ཚང་སྡེ་ནང་བཙུགས་གནངམ་ད་ སྐྲ་ཕུད་བཞེས་ཏེ་ མཚན་ཡང་ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཟེར་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་སྐུ་ཡོན་རིམ་པར་བཞེས་ཐབས་ལུ་ རྗེ་མཁན་དང་པ་ པད་དཀར་འབྱུང་གནས་དང་ རྗེ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ དབུ་མཛད་བསྐང་རྒྱུན་པ་ཚུ་ སློབ་དཔོན་སྦེ་བསྟེན་བཅུག་ནུག། རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་བརྩེ་བ་གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲཝ་གནང་སྟེ་ དགེ་བསྙེན་དང་དགེ་ཚུལ་གྱི་སྡོམ་པ་ཚུ་གནངམ་མ་ཚད་ ཁོ་ར་ག་ཏེ་བྱོན་སར་འཁྱིད་བྱོན་ཏེ་ དབང་ལུང་དང་བཀའ་ཆོས་ཚུ་ག་ཅི་གནང་རུང་ གཅིག་ཁར་བཞག་སྟེ་གནང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། '''ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པར་མངའ་གསོལ་བ།''' རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་དགུང་ལོ་ ༣༠ བཞེསཔ་ད་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གསུམ་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་བའི་སྐབས། རྒྱལ་སྲས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་འདི་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་དགེ་སློང་གྲས་ལས་བཏོན་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༦༧ ལུ་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་ཟེར་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་དང་པ་ ཁྲི་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་གོ་གནས་ཕུལ་ནུག། '''ཆོས་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ།''' དགུང་ལོ་ ༣༡ བཞེསཔ་ད་ རྟ་མགོ་སྒྲུབ་སྡེ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཁྲིད་འགོ་དང་པ་གནང་བ་མ་ཚད་ ལྕགས་ཁྱི་ལུ་དངུལ་འབུམ་ཆེན་མོའི་རབ་གནས་གནང་ནུག། མཁན་ཆེན་པད་དཀར་འབྱུང་གནས་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་ཏེ་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༢ པ་མཁན་ཆེན་བསོད་ནམས་འོད་ཟེར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༧༢ ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱིས་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་རྫོང་བསྐྱར་བཞེངས་བསྒྲུབས་པའི་རབ་གནས་གནང་ནུག། གདན་ས་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་བདེ་མཆོག་སྒྲུབ་རིལ་དང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རྩེའི་གཟིམ་ཁང་ལེགས་བཅོས་གསར་བསྒྲུབས་ཀྱི་རབ་གནས་གནང་སྟེ། ལོག་གདན་ས་ལྕགས་རི་ལུ་སྐུ་མཚམས་གནང་བཞུགས་ནུག། '''སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གི་མཛད་སྒོ།''' གཞུང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་དང་གྲྭ་ཚང་འདུས་སྡེ་ཐམས་ཅད་དགོངས་པ་གཅིག་མཐུན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༨༠ ལུ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་དགུང་ལོ་ ༤༣ བཞེསཔ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཞི་པ་སྦེ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། '''རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་དར་འབུལ་བའི་རིམ་པ།''' རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་གཉིས་པ་བསོད་ནམས་འོད་ཟེར་གྱིས་ དར་དཀར་ལུ་ཁྲི་དར་གྱི་འབུལ་བ་དང་། འཕགས་པའི་དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་པ་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་ཁྲི་དར་གྱི་འབུལ་བ། དེ་ལས་སྤུངས་ཐངས་ཀྱི་རྫོང་དཔོན་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ། ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་གི་རྫོང་དཔོན། དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་དཔོན་ བསྟན་འཛིན་པད་དཀར་གྱིས་ཁྲི་དར་འབུལ་བ་དང་། དེ་ལས་གླིང་བཞི་གཡུལ་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་འཛིན་གསོལ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སོ་སོའི་ཁྲི་དར་གྱི་འབུལ་བ། '''སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་ཤུལ།''' སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༨༠ ལུ་དབང་རྫོང་འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༨༡ ལུ་ཡབ་ཚེ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་བྱོན་པའི་སྐྲ་ཕུད་བཞེས་ཏེ་མཚན་ལུ་ མི་ཕམ་ངག་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཏེ་ དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་སྡེ་ནང་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་གསུམ་པ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་ གཤགས་སོང་བའི་དགོངས་རྫོགས་ཚུ་ཡང་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༨༣ ལུ་སྤ་གྲོ་སྤྱི་བླ་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་གྲགས་ཀྱི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ལ་དྭགས་པ་ངག་དབང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་སྒྲུབ་མཆོད་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་ནུག།  སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༨༤ ལུ་རིན་ཆེན་སྒང་གི་བཟོ་བོ་གྲགས་པ་ལུ་ དབང་འདུས་གཙང་མའི་ཟམ་གསར་བཙུགས་འབད་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ བཀའ་གནང་བ་མ་ཚད་ རྫོང་བཞུགསཔ་ཚུ་ལུ་ བཀའ་དབང་དང་ཆོས་ཚུ་ཡང་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༨༦ ལུ་མཁས་དབང་བསྟན་པ་འཕྲིན་ལས་ ཡི་གུའི་སློབ་དཔོན་ལུ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ཡིག་བཟོ་སྦྱང་བ་འབད་བཅུག་ཞིནམ་ལས་ འབུམ་སྣག་བྲིས་དང་ དེ་ལས་འཀའ་འགྱུར་གསེར་བྲིས་མ་བཞེངས་ནིའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༨༩ ལུ་མཁན་ཆེན་བསོད་ནམས་འོད་ཟེར་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་ཏེ་ དགེ་འདུན་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་འཇིགས་བྱེད་ལྷ་ཞེ་དགུའི་དབང་མོ་ཆེ་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༩༠ ལུ་ དར་དཀར་སྤྱི་བླ་རབ་བརྟན་དགོངས་ཞུ་འབད་དེ་ ཚབ་ལུ་ཆོས་རྗེ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་འབྱུང་གནས་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་ནུག། ནུབ་དྷ་ལིང་ལུ་འདམ་སང་རྫོང་གསར་བཞེངས་དང་ དྷ་རིང་རྫོང་འོག་ཀ་ལིམ་སྤོངས་ལུ་ གྱང་གསར་བདེ་ཆེན་ཆོས་གླིང་ལྷ་ཁང་གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༩༡ ལུ་ ཡི་གུ་དྲག་ཤོས་བྲི་ནིའི་འགྲན་བསྡུར་ནང་ ཨང་དང་པ་དེ་ཤུལ་མ་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༦ པ་་མཛད་མི་ངག་དབང་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཐོནམ་ལས་ གོང་སའི་ཕྱག་ཡིག་འབྲི་དགོཔ་ཚུ་གི་ལཱ་ ཁོ་ལུ་བཀའ་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༩༢ ལུ་དར་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་ ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་འབྱུང་གནས་གཤགས་ཏེ་ དེའི་ཚབ་ལུ་དཀའ་བཅུ་པ་རིག་འཛིན་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༩༤ ཚེས་བཅུ་དང་འབྲེལ་ཏེ གསོལ་འདེབས་འབུམ་གནང་བའི་ཚོགས་དབུར་ཕེབས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཡབ་ཀྱི་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་མི་ཕམ་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་ ཞབས་བརྟན་གསོལ་འདེབས་ཡང་ཕུལ་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

'''སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ།''' ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་པ་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་འབད་དགོཔ་ལས་ ངལ་མ་རངས་པ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལས་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱི་གསང་དམག་ཚུ་གིས་ གོང་ས་མཆོག་སྐུ་བསྙུངམ་བསྙུང་ས་བཞུགས་ཡོད་མི་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་མཐའ་བསྐོར་ཏེ་སྡོད་ནུག། རྗེ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐུ་གཟུགས་བསྙུང་གཞི་མ་དྲག་པའི་ཁར་ ཁོང་གི་ལཱ་ངན་པ་འདི་ལུ་ཐུགས་ཕམ་སྟེ་ རྟ་མགོའི་དགོན་པར་འབྱོན་ནིའི་ཐུགས་ཐག་བཅད་ནུག། མཐའ་མ་ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས། ང་ར་ན་ཚད་ཡང་རྒས། གཟུགས་ཡང་མ་བདེཝ་ལས་ དགོན་པར་འབྱོན་ནི་ཨིན་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཏེ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། '''སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུའི་རྗེས་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ།''' རྗེ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ ལོ་ངོ་ ༡༥ གི་རིང་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་འགན་བཞེས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༩༥ ལུ་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ལས་རྟ་མགོའི་གདན་སར་ ཐུགས་དམ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༩༦ ལུ་རྗེ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ སེམས་ཅན་ལུ་ཐུགས་བརྩེ་བི་སྙིང་རྗེས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོའི་བསྟན་སྤྱིའི་སྐུ་རིམ་ཚུ་ཡང་གནང་ནུག། དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ རྗེ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་སྐུ་ལུ་སྲིན་ཐོལ་ཅིག་བྱུང་སྟེ་ སྐུ་ལོག་སྟེ་བསྙུངས་ནུག། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་སྐུ་རིམ་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་བསྒྲུབ་རུང་ ཕན་པ་མེད་པ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ཟླཝ་ ༩ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༦ ལུ་ རྗེ་པད་དཀར་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ དགེ་འདུན་དང་བཅས་བྱོན་ཏེ་ སྤུར་སྦྱངས་མཛད་དེ་ དངུལ་དཀར་གྱི་བྱང་ཆུབ་མཆོད་རྟེན་ཚུ་བཞེངས་པ་མ་ཚད་ གཞན་ཡང་སྤུར་རྡོ་སྤུར་སོལ་ སྤུར་ཐལ་ཚུ་གིས་ གནས་ཀྱི་མགོ་ལུ་མྱང་འདས་མཆོད་རྟེན་ཅིག་ཡང་དད་པའི་རྟེན་དུ་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག་གོ།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== ༼སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་པ་ ས་སྐྱོང་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱི་སྐོར།༽ ===
&lt;big&gt;'''སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་གོང་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། ༼སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པ་དང་ དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་སྡེར་བཞུགས་ཏེ་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་གནང་པའི་མཛད་པ།༽''' སྡེ་པ་མཆོག་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ནང་ལས་ དཀར་སྦིས་ས་གོང་མ་ནང་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་སྡེ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ སྐྱབས་རྗེ་གོང་མ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཡུམ་ གཤགས་པའི་སྐབས་ཕྱག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ཞུ་བ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ གོང་མའི་ཐུགས་ལུ་བབས་པའི་སྐྱེས་བུ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ དབྱིན་ལོ་ ༡༦༥༦ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ བོད་དམག་ཐོནམ་ད་ཡང་ དམག་དཔོན་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་ཁོ་ར་བྱོན་ཏེ་ བོད་དམག་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་པའི་གཏམ་སྙན་གྲགས་སྦོམ་ར་བཞག་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ དབྱིན་ལོ་ ༡༦༥༦ དང་ ༡༦༥༧ གི་བར་ན་ དབང་རྫོང་པ་ཆོས་རྗེ་ནམ་མཁའ་རིན་ཆེན་ལུ་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་ཅིག་བྱུང་སྟེ་ རྫོང་དཔོན་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་ ཁོ་བོའི་ཚབ་ལུ་ དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་དབང་རྫོང་པའི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་ནུག། དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་དབང་རྫོངཔ་སྦེ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ གླིང་གཞི་ལས་མར་ བོད་དམག་དོ་རུང་ཚར་གཅིག་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེའི་སྐབས་ དབང་རྫོང་པ་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱིས་ བོད་དམག་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་འཐོབ་ནི་ཕར་བཞག་ རྫོང་དཔོན་ཁོ་ར་ཡང་ གཤགས་ནི་གུར་ཐུག་ཡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ གཞུང་ལས་དམག་རྒྱབ་འབད་བར་ ཆོས་རྗེ་ངག་དབང་རབ་བརྟན་བཏང་སྟེ་ བོད་དམག་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་འཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་འབད་ནུག། དབང་རྫོངཔ་གིས་ བོད་དམག་ཕམ་མ་ཚུགས་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་གསུམ་པ་ མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་གིས་ དབང་རྫོང་པ་ལུ་ བཀའ་བཀྱོན་གནང་། ཆོས་རྗེ་ངག་དབང་རབ་བརྟན་ལུ་ ནང་བློན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འདི་ལུ་ དབང་རྫོང་པ་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གསུམ་པ་ལུ་ངལ་མ་རངས་པར་བཞུགས་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

དབྱིན་ལོ་ ༡༦༧༠ གི་ལོར་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་པད་དཀར་རབ་རྒྱས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གསུམ་པ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་གིས་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་གོ་གནས་འདི་ དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་ལུ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ཧེ་མ་བཀའ་བཀྱོན་གནང་མི་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་ བཀའ་བློན་གཉིས་ལུ་ངལ་མ་རངས་པར་ཡོད་མི་འདི་མ་ཡལ་བ་ར་སྡོད་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། རྒྱུ་མཚན་དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱིས་ བཀའ་བློན་ངག་དབང་རབ་བརྟན་ སྐུ་བསད་རྐྱབ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་གསུམ་པ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་ཡང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལས་ཕབ་བཏང་ད་ནུག། དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ མི་ལོ་ཉི་ཤུ་ལྷག་ཙམ་སོང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྐུ་ན་བགྲེས་ཏེ་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་མེདཔ་ཐལ་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཞི་པ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ལུ་ དགོངས་ཞུའི་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་ བཞུགས་གནས་ཡང་ སེ་བ་ལ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཆོག་པའི་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ སེ་བ་ལ་ལུ་ ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་ཕ་སྤུན་ཡོད་ རྫོང་དཔོན་བགྲེསཔ་གི་སྲོག་ལུ་ ཉེན་ཁ་འོང་ཟེར་ཐུགས་བསམ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་བགྲེསཔ་མཆོག་ བཞུགས་གནས་སེ་བ་ལ་ལུ་མེན་པར་ དབང་འདུས་ལུ་བཞུགས་བཅུག་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་བགྲེསཔ་གིས་ ཞབས་རྗེ་གི་དྲིན་ལུ་ ཐུགས་ལོག་པར་བལྟ་སྟེ་ ངོ་ལོག་གི་དམག་ཚུ་གི་འཆར་གཞི་བཟོ་སྟེ་ དབྱིན་ལོ་ ༡༦༩༤ པའི་ལོ་ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་སྐུ་ན་བསྙུངས་ཏེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བཞུགས་སྐབས་ རྣམ་རྟོག་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་སྡོད་པའི་བར་ན་ར་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་བགྲེསཔ་གི་དམག་གིས་སྤུངས་འཛོམས་འབད་དེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་ཕབ་བཏང་ད་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

'''སྡེ་ཁྲིར་བྱོན་པའི་སྐོར།'''	དབྱིན་ལོ་ ༡༦༩༤ པའི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཞི་པ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་ཕབ་སྟེ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ལམ་ཁར་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་དང་ རྗེ་མཁན་པོའི་གསོལ་དཔོན་ ཆིབས་དཔོན་གསུམ་ཆ་ར་ ལམ་སྦུག་ན་བསད་དེ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁའི་རྫོང་ན་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་བགྲེསཔ་དགེ་འདུན་འཕེལ་ཁོ་ར་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་འཛེགས་ཏེ་ ད་རེས་ལས་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་བགྲེསཔ་ང་ར་ཐག་རང་བཅད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོནམ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་གོང་མའི་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་ལས་བྱོན་པའི་ སྲས་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གི་སྲསམོ་མཚོ་སྐྱིད་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཡང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཚབ་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོནམ་ཨིན་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཏེ་ མི་སེར་ལུ་ལེགས་དར་ཕུལ་བཅུག་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

'''སྡེ་ཁྲིར་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ།''' སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ རྟ་མགོ་དང་ལྕགས་རི་གཉིས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇམ་དཔལ་གྱི་སྲསམོ་ མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ཕུང་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཐོག་ལས་ མ་སྒྲིགཔ་བཟོ་ཡོད་རུང་ སྡེ་གཟིམ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་གཉིས་ལུ་ དད་པ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ལུ་ཐབས་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལ་ཐོག་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་འཆམ་ཁ་བཟོ་ནུག། དཔེ་གཏམ་ལས་ཡང་ བླ་མ་ལུ་ཐུབ་རུང་།། བཀའ་སྲུང་ལུ་མི་ཐུབ།། ཟེར་བའི་དཔེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ཁ་ངན་གྱིས་དཀྲོགས་ཡོད་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ དབྱིན་ལོ་ ༡༦༩༦ གི་ལོ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཁམས་ཅིག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ནད་ཡམས་འབྲུམ་ནད་ཤུགས་ཅན་ཅིག་ར་ དར་ཁྱབ་ཡར་སོ་ནུག། དེའི་ཚེ་ གསོལ་ཐབ་ཡང་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ དགེ་འདུན་སྡེ་ཚུ་ཁག་སོ་སོ་སྦེ་གྱེས་དགོཔ་ཐོནམ་ལས་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་རྒྱལ་སྲསམོ་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཡང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ནང་འབྱོན་དགོ་མ་བདེ་བར་ གདན་ས་ལྕགས་རི་ལུ་བྱོན་བཞུགས་ནུག། ཟླ་ངོ་དག་པ་ཅིག་གི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ནད་ཡམས་འདི་ཨ་ཙི་ཅིག་ཞི་འགྱོཝ་ཅིག་ར་ དབྱིན་ལོ་ ༡༦༩༦ གི་ལོ་འདི་ལུ་ར་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་དམ་པ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་མཆོག་དགོངས་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་སུ་ཐིམས་སོ་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

དེའི་བསྒང་ སྤུར་སྦྱང་གི་དོན་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་ཧོངས་ལས་ གྲོགས་རམ་ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དགེ་རྩ་ཕུལ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཡང་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ནད་ཡམས་འདི་སངས་ནི་འབདཝ་ད་ དགེ་འདུན་པའི་སྡེ་གིས་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ནང་ཞུ་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་མར་བཞུགས་པའི་དུས་སྐབས་ཅིག་ནང་ར་ འབྲུམ་ནད་ལོག་འདི་ར་ཐོན་ཏེ་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་མཆོག་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ལོ་གཉིས་ཙམ་ར་མ་བཞུགསཔ་ལས་གཤགས་སོ་ནུག། རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པ་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་བྱུང་མི་ བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་སྐྱེས་བུ་ཚུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་གཤགས་ནི་དང་ ནད་ཀྱིས་ན་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་དཀའ་སྡུག་འབྱུང་ནི་དེ་གིས་ མི་སེར་དམངས་ཀྱིས་ཡང་ དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་འདི་ ཚེ་ཧེ་མ་སྨོན་ལམ་ལོག་པ་ཅིག་བཏབ་ཡོད་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ ཚེ་ད་རེས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་བསྟན་ལུགས་དང་ སྲོལ་ལུ་གནད་སྐྱོན་བྱེད་མི་ཅིག་སྦེ་འོང་འོངམ་ཨིན་ཟེར་ཁ་གཏང་ནི་ཡང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྐྱེན་ངན་འདི་བཟུམ་བྱུང་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ བསྟན་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ཕྱག་འགན་ དཔེར་ན་ རྗེ་མཁན་གསརཔོ་མངའ་གསོལ་ནི། སྐྱབས་མགོན་གོང་མའི་སྲས་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གི་ཡང་སྲིད་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ནི་ཚུ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྫོང་མེ་མཆོད་དང་པ་བཞེས་པའི་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་གི་ཉམས་གསོ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ སྡེ་པ་མཆོག་ ཆགས་སྡང་དྲག་པོ་ཅིག་ཡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ བོད་དང་ འབྲས་ལྗོངས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་དམག་འཁྲུག་ལང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ཡང་ཧ་ལམ་ཅིག་ར་ལོངས་ད་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

'''སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ།''' ཧེ་མ་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱིས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་བཀྲོང་ནི་གི་འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམས་ད་ འདི་གི་གྲས་ཁར་ སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ བཀྲོང་རནམ་ད་ དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་་འཕེལ་གྱི་དམག་སྡེ་ཅིག་ལས་རྒྱལ་མེད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ འདིའི་དགྲ་ལན་ལུ་ དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱིས་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་མཆོག་བཀྲོང་ནི་ཨིནམ་མཁྱེན་ཏེ་ སྤྲུལ་སྐུའི་སྒར་ལྟོ་ཚུ་གིས་ དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱིས་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་མ་བཀྲོངམ་ལས་ བཀྲོང་དཔ་དྲག་མནོ་ དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱི་དམག་ཚུ་གྲ་སྒྲིག་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་སྡོདཔ་ད་ དམག་ཧང་ཏོ་མ་ཕབ་ཏེ་ སྡེ་པ་མཆོག་དབྱིན་ལོ ༡༧༠༡ གི་ལོ་ལུ་བཀྲོངས་ད་ནུག་གོ།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== ༼སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་དྲུག་པ་ དྲུང་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཚེ་རིང་གི་མཛད་རྣམ།༽ ===
&lt;big&gt;'''སྡེ་ཁྲིར་མ་བྱོན་གོང་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། ༼སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཤིང་ འདུས་སྡེར་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་པའི་སྐོར།༽''' 	དྲུང་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཚེ་རིང་མཆོག་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ནང་གསེས་ དཀར་སྦིས་ས་གོང་མ་ནང་ དུས་རབས་བཅུ་བདུན་གྱི་བར་བསྐོར་མཚམས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་ད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ སྐུ་མཚམས་ནང་མ་བཞུགསཔ་ལས་ གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་འདུས་སྡེར་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ སྙན་ངག་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གཞུང་རིག་གནས་བཅུ་དང་ གར་ཐིག་དབྱངས་གསུམ་ལུ་མཁས་པ་སྦྱངས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཡིག་རིགས་ ཚུགས་ཡིག་དང་ ལཉྩ་ དབུ་ཅན་དང་དབུ་མེད་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ ཡིག་རིགས་ལུ་ཡང་སྦྱངས་བརྩོན་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་སྡེ་ནང་ལུ་ ངག་དབང་ཚེ་རིང་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་མཁས་མཆོག་གཞན་མེད་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱི་དྲུང་ཆེན་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ ཤུལ་མ་ དབང་རྫོང་པ་འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་ དབང་རྫོང་གི་གོ་གནས་ལས་ དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛདཔ་ད་ དྲུང་ཆེན་མཆོག་ དབང་རྫོང་པའི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་ དབྱིན་ལོ་ ༡༦༩༩ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་པ་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱི་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

'''སྡེ་ཁྲིར་བྱོན་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་མདོར་བསྡུ།''' 	དབྱིན་ལོ་ ༡༧༠༡ ལུ་བྱུང་བའི་འབྲུག་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་དམག་ཆེན་དང་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་པ་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་མཆོག་ སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་གི་ཕྱོགས་གཏོགས་ཚུ་གིས་ སྤུ་ན་རྫོང་ནང་དམག་གློ་འབུར་དུ་བརྩམས་ཏེ་བཀྲོངས་དཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་ཁྲིར་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་མི་མེད་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ གཞུང་ལྷན་ཚོགས་དང་ དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཐུགས་གཅིག་མཐུན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ དབང་རྫོང་པ་དྲུང་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཚེ་རིང་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་དྲུག་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག། '''སྡེ་ཁྲིར་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ།''' ནད་ཡམས་འབྲུམ་ནད་ཤུགས་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་བརྟེན་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གི་སྲས་མོ་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་གཤགས་སོངམ་ལས་ ཚབ་ལུ་ ཧེ་མ་སྡེ་པ་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གི་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཨིན་པར་ངོས་འཛིན་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་མཆོག་ དབྱིན་ལོ་ ༡༧༠༢ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་གི་ཤུལ་བདའ་སྟེ་ར་ ཧེ་མ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་མེ་མཆོད་དང་པ་ཤོར་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་པ་ལ་སྔོན་པ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཞི་པ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་ བཀའ་འགྱུར་གསེར་གྱིས་བྲིས་ཡོད་པ་རྣམས་ མེ་མཆོད་ཤོར་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དྲུང་ཆེན་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ལོག་གསར་བྲིས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་གི་ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་ ཚེ་དཔག་མེད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་གཅིག་ གསེར་ཟངས་ཀྱིས་གསར་བསྒྲུབས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

ཧེ་མ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་པ་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བོད་འབྲུག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ འབྲས་ལྗོངས་ཀྱི་བྲེལ་ཟིང་བྱུང་སྟེ་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་བྲིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཞིང་གཤགས་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱིས་ངོས་ལེན་མ་མཛད་པར་ལུས་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ཡོད་པ་ དྲུང་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཚེ་རིང་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་བཟོ་སྟེ་ བྲེལ་ཟིང་འདི་སྐབས་ཅིག་ཞི་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ སྔར་འབྲུག་ལུ་མེད་པའི་བསྟན་འགྱུར་ཆེན་མོ་ ཆ་ཚང་ཅིག་ བོད་ལས་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྡེ་སྲིད་གོང་མ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྒང་སྟོད་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་རིམ་བྱོན་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྐུ་རིམ་གནང་ཚདཔ་ཅིག་ནང་ མགྱོནམ་སྦེ་འབོ་སྟེ་ཞུ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ བར་སྐབས་ཅིག་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆགས་སྡང་ཅན་ཚུ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ ལུགས་སྲོལ་འདི་བཟུམ་མེདཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དྲུང་ཆེན་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྔར་མཛད་སྲོལ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ ག་ཨིནམ་མཛད་དེ་ སྲོལ་ཉམས་སྐྱོང་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཧེ་མ་སྡེ་སྲིད་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱི་སྐབས་ བྱམས་མགོན་གྱི་སྐུ་འཁོར་ཚུ་མཐར་བཤུད་དེ་བཏང་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ ལོག་འབྲུག་ལུ་འོང་ཆོག་པའི་གནང་བ་གནང་ནུག། '''སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ།''' སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་དྲུག་པ་ དྲུང་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཚེ་རིང་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་ ལོ་ངོ་གཉིས་དེ་ཅིག་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པ་ མདོར་བསྡུ་ན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་པའི་མཐར་ དབྱིན་ལོ་ ༡༧༠༣ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁར་ གློ་བུར་དུ་གཤགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བདུན་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་དབུ་མཛད་བསམ་གཏན་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་བསམ་གཏན་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༦༦ ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༨༣ ཚུན་དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་དབུ་མཛད་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ཏེ་བཞུགསཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བདུན་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། (སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་འཁྲུངས་པའི་ལོ་དང་ཡུལ་ ཡབ་དང་ཡུམ་གྱི་མཚན་འདི་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་བཀོད་དེ་མིན་ནུག།) སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ གྲྭ་ཚང་འདུས་སྡེ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ སྐུ་ཡོན་དང་དཀྱིལ་ཆོག་གི་དབྱངས་ཐིག་གར་གསུམ་ལུ་མཁས་པ་སྦྱངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;

སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༠༤ ཟླཝ་ ༡༢ པའི་ནང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དྲུག་པ་ དྲུང་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཚེ་རིང་མཆོག་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ངོ་ཚབ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཚབ་བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཞི་པ་དམ་ཆོས་པད་དཀར། དེ་ལས་ གྲྭ་ཚང་འདུས་སྡེ་དམངས་ཀྱིས་ དབུ་མཛད་བགྲེས་པ་བསམ་གཏན་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ཡོན་དང་གོམས་འདྲིས་ཡོད་མི་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ གདམ་འཐུ་གནང་སྟེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༠༤ ཟླཝ་ ༡ པའི་ནང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བདུན་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བདུན་པ་དབུ་མཛད་བསམ་གཏན་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཆགས་སྡང་ཕྱོགས་རིས་སྤང་དགོཔ་དང་འའབྲལ་བའི་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་ཚུ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ལྔ་པ་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱིས་ བྱམས་མགོན་ངག་དབང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ཡུམ་དང་སྐུ་མཆེད་ཚུ་ དར་དཀར་ན་ལས་ཆགས་སྡང་ཕྱོགས་རིས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་མཐར་བཤུད་མཛད་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་དྲུག་པ་དྲུང་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཚེ་རིང་མཆོག་གིས་ བཀའ་ཤོག་གནང་སྟེ་ བྱམས་མགོན་ངག་དབང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ཡུམ་དང་སྐུ་མཆེད་ཚུ་ ལོག་སྟེ་ཨུ་ལ་ལུ་ལྷོད་ཡོད་རུང་ བློན་པོ་དབང་ཚད་ཅན་ཚུ་གིས་ དོ་རུང་ཨུ་ལ་ལས་ ཡར་གཏང་མ་བཏུབ་པར་བཀག་བཞག་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བདུན་པ་བསམ་གཏན་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ བྱམས་མགོན་གྱི་ཡུམ་དང་སྐུ་མཆེད་ཚུ་ ཨུ་ལ་ལས་ལོག་རང་གནས་ལུ་འོང་ཆོག་པའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་གནངམ་ལས་ ལོག་སྟེ་རང་ཡུལ་ལུ་འབྱོར་ཚུགསཔ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༠༦ ལུ་ ལ་དྭགས་དང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་མཐུན་ལམ་ཡང་ཡར་དྲག་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་དབུ་མཛད་བསམ་གཏན་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་དང་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་བསྟན་པ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ མ་འགྲིགས་པར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༠༦ ལུ་ ནང་འཁྲུག་འབྱུང་ནི་འབདཝ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་ནི་འདི་འཇམ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་མེདཔ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
དབུ་མཛད་བསམ་གཏན་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ གདན་ས་ལྕགས་རི་ལུ་ ཟུར་བཞུགས་མཛད་དེ་ ལོ་ངོ་གཅིག་མ་ལངམ་ཅིག་ཐུགས་དམ་གནང་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༠༧ ལུ་དགོངས་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་ལུ་ཐིམ་སོ་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ༼སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བརྒྱད་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ།༽ ===
&lt;big&gt;འཁྲུངས་ཡུལ་ཝང་སྲིན་མོ་ལས་ཨིནམ་ད་ མཚན་ཡང་འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་ཟེར་བཏགས་ཡོདཔ་མས། གཞོན་ནུ་ལས་ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒར་ལྟོའི་གྲལ་དུ་ཞུགས་ཏེ་ དཀའ་ངལ་ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ལུ་ཡང་གདོང་ལེན་འབད་དེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། ཁོ་གིས་རྩིས་མཁྱེན་ནི་འདི་གིས་ མི་ཚུ་གིས་ཝང་ཕ་ཇོ་ཟེར་ཞུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། དེ་ལས་ཤུལ་མ་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཛདཔ་ད་ མཚན་ལུ་སྡེ་པ་རྒྱ་བོ་ཟེར་ཡང་ཞུཝ་ཨིན་མས། འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་གོ་གནས་དང་པ་ མགར་ས་རྫོང་གི་ཤ་གཉེར་འབད་ནུག། ཁོ་གིས་སྡེ་སྲིད་གོང་མ་ཚུ་གི་སྐབས་ བོད་དང་འབྲས་ལྗོངས་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་དམག་འཁྲུགས་དང་ དེ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁྲུགས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ལྷག་བསམ་རྣམ་དག་གི་ཕྱག་ཞུཝ་ལས་ གཞུང་མགྲོན་གཉེར་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་བའི་བར་ན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་པ་དགེ་འདུན་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱིས་ མགྲོན་གཉེར་ལས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བདུན་པ་ དབུ་མཛད་བསམ་གཏན་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་བསྟན་པ་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་གཉིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གོ་གནས་ཀྱི་མི་ངོ་ལུ་ དོ་འགྲན་འབད་དེ་མ་འགྲིགསཔ་ལས་ ནང་འཁྲུགས་ལོང་ནི་གུར་ཐུགཔ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དབུ་མཛད་བསམ་གཏན་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱིས་གདོང་ལེན་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ ཁོ་ར་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་ སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་རྫོང་ལུ་སོང་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྤྲུལ་སྐུའི་ཡུམ་ཀརྨ་ལྷ་མོ་འབད་སར་བཅར་ཏེ་ ཡུམ་ཐུགས་མཉེས་ནིའི་བསྙེན་བཀུར་ཞབས་ཏོག་ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་ཞུ་སྡོད་ནུག། '''སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གི་མཛད་སྒོ།''' ཞབས་དྲུང་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་ བཞུགས་ཡོད་མི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དབུ་མཛད་བསམ་གཏན་བསྟན་འཛིན་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཚབ་དང་སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ཐུགས་འགན་བཞེས་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག། ཟླཝ་དག་པ་ཅིག་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྒྲུབ་པ་ལུ་ཞུགས་ནིའི་ཐུགས་ཐག་བཅད་དེ་ འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་ལས་འབོ་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་སྦེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བརྒྱད་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

'''སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་ཤུལ།''' སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༠༧ ལུ་རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཞི་པ་དམ་ཆོས་པད་དཀར་མཆོག་ ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ཡོངས་འཛིན་མཛད་མི་ བཟོད་པ་ཕྲིན་ལས་མཆོག་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་པར་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༢ ལུ་འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་མཆོག་གིས་ཆིངས་འགྲིགས་ཏེ་ བོད་འབྲུག་ས་མཚམས་ཡར་མར་འགྲོ་འགྲུལ་འབད་ཆོགཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག། '''རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྤྲུལ་སྐུའི་སྐུ་སྲོག་འཕྲོག་པ།''' སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༡ ལུ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ ཐུགས་དམ་ལོ་ ༣ ལས་བཞེངས་ཏེ་སྤུ་ན་ཁར་ཕེབས་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངོ་ཚབ་བཀྲོང་ནིའི་ངན་སྤྱོད་སྣ་ཚོགས་བརྩམ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༢ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་རྒྱལ་ཁྲི་སྤངས་ཏེ་དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱིས་དབང་འདུས་མགྲོན་གཉེར་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བཀྲོངས་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ བཀའ་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༣ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༥ བཞེསཔ་ད་ ཁོ་ཐང་ཁ་ལུ་དུག་དྲངས་ཏེ་བཀྲོངས་བཏང་ནུག། '''ཞབས་དྲུང་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གསེར་ཁྲིར་མངའ་གསོལ།''' སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༠༧ ལུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཐུགས་དམ་དཀྲོགས་ཏེ་ ཡང་སྲིད་འབྱོན་དགོཔ་སྦེ་གསོལཝ་བཏབ་ལས་ སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་དང་པ་ ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༠༨ ལུ་དར་དཀར་ཉི་གདུགས་ཁ་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༤ ལུ་མཆོག་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ དགུང་ལོ་བདུན་བཞེསཔ་ད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་གསུམ་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། '''མི་སེར་གྱི་བདེ་ཐབས།''' ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ སྔར་སྲོལ་མི་སེར་གུང་གཅིག་ལུ་ བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་བུ་གཞི་མེད་པའི་རིགས་ཀྱི་ཕ་གཞིས་རབས་ཆད་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ གཞུང་གིས་བཞེས་གནང་སྲོལ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ མི་སེར་གྱི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ བསྡུ་མ་དགོ་པར་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད། རྨགཔ་ཤི་བའི་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ རྨགཔ་གི་རོ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གསོན་སྲེག་གཏང་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པའི་ལཱ་ངན་འདི་ཡང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཞུགས་པའི་རིང་ལུ་རྦད་བཅད་གནང་ནུག། '''བསོད་ནམས་དགེ་བའི་མཛད་པ།''' སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༥ ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བཀའ་འགྱུར་སྐྱ་པོད་གསར་བཞེངས་དང་ བདེ་ཆེན་ཕོ་བྲང་གི་སྒང་ དབང་འདུས་རྩེ་ལུ་ ཟབ་དོན་ལྷུན་རྩེ་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ཡི་དམ་གྱི་སྐུ་མ་འདྲཝ་ ༡༡༥ འི་སྐུ་པར་བྱེ་བ་བཞུགས་པའི་རྟེན་སྒྲོམ་བརྒྱད། བདེ་གཤེགས་མཆོད་རྟེན་བརྒྱད་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རྟེན་གསུམ་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། '''སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ།''' སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༩ ལུ་གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ཕེབས་པའི་སྐབས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་ར་གིས་གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་དབང་འདུས་རྩེ་ཟབ་དོན་ལྷུན་རྩེ་ལུ་ སྐུ་ངལ་གནང་སྟེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༢༠ ལུ་ཁོ་རའི་སྐུ་ཚབོ་ དགེ་བཤེས་ངག་དབང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་དགུ་པ་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་སྟེ་ ཁོ་ར་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། '''སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུའི་རྗེས་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ།''' སྡེ་སྲིད་འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་དགོངས་ཞུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཟབ་དོན་ལྷུན་རྩེ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ མཆོག་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱས་རྩ་བའི་བླ་མ་སྦེ་བསྟེན་ཏེ་ བསྙེན་རྫོགས་ཀྱི་སྡོམ་པ་ཞུ། མ་ཎི་དུང་སྒྲུབ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་སྡེ་ལུ་བསྙེན་བཀུར་ཞབས་ཏོག་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ བསོད་ནམས་དགེ་བའི་ལཱ་ལུ་བརྩོན་བཞུགས་ནུག། '''གཞུང་སྲིད་ལུ་ཐེ་གཏོགས།''' ཧེ་མ་ཁོ་གིས་བཀྲོང་མི་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༧ ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་མི་འདི་གཞུང་དང་དགེ་འདུན་གྱིས་ངོས་འཛིན་མཛད་མི་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བགྲེས་པ་གིས་ ངལ་མ་རངས་པར་གཞུང་དང་དགེ་འདུན་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ནང་ལགཔ་རྐྱབ་ཏེ་ བར་ཆད་སྣ་ཚོགས་བརྩམས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྐུ་ཚེ་གོང་མའི་གྲྭ་སློབ་དང་ དགེ་འདུན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བགྲེས་པ་ལུ་ ངལ་མ་རངས་པར་ནང་འཁྲུགས་ལོང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་བགྲེས་པ་དང་ཁོ་རའི་ཕྱོགས་གཏོགས་ཚུ་གིས་ དམག་ལན་རྐྱབ་རུང་ གཞུང་དམག་ལུ་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ བོད་རྒྱལ་མི་དབང་བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ལུ་དམག་རྒྱབ་ཞུ་ནུག། བོད་ལུ་དམག་རྒྱབ་ཞུ་སྟེ་རུང་ བོད་ལས་ངོས་ལེན་གྱི་ཡི་གུ་མ་ལྷོད་པའི་བར་ན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བགྲེས་པ་གིས་ གཞུང་དམག་ལུ་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལས་བྱོག་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ཧཱ་གླང་ཆུ་ལུ་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ གཞུང་དམག་ཚུ་གིས་བདའ་ཟུནམ་ལས་ སྤ་རོ་ལུ་ཆུ་ནང་བཀོ་སྟེ་བཀྲོང་པའི་ལོ་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༢༩ ལུ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་ཕར་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་གཏོགས་སྡེ་ཚན་ཅིག་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བགྲེས་པ་འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་དང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཡང་སྲིད་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕྱོགས་གཏོགས་ སྡེ་ཚན་གཅིག་ལུ་སོང་བའི་ཕུང་སྲི་དང་གདོང་ལེན་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡུན་རིང་ལུས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དུས་ཚོད་དེ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་རབས་མཁན་པོ་ཚུ་གི་ནང་ཟིང་བར་མའི་དུས་སྐབས་ཟེར་ངོས་འཛིན་འབདཝ་ཨིན་ནོ། །&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་དགུ་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ངག་དབང་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་དགུ་པ་ ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་དགེ་བཤེས་ངག་དབང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་མཆོག་ གཡུས་ཝང་ཚ་ལུང་ནང་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ སྐུ་ཡོན་མཁས་པ་སྦྱངས་ཏེ་ དགེ་བཤེས་ཀྱི་མཚན་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཤུལ་ལས་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གྱི་མཚན་ཡང་ཐོབ་ནུག། དགེ་བཤེས་ངག་དབང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བརྒྱད་པ་འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཚ་བོ་ཨིན་མས། སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ གྲྭ་ཚང་འདུས་སྡེ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ སྐུ་ཡོན་དང་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ དཀྱིལ་མཆོག་གི་དབྱངས་ཐིག་གར་གསུམ་ལུ་མཁས་པ་སྦྱངས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྒྲ་རིག་པ་དང་སྙན་ངག། སྡེབ་སྦྱོར་སོགས་རིག་གནས་ཚུ་ བླ་མ་ཙནྡྲ་པ་ལས་མཐར་ཕྱིན་སྦེ་མཛད་དེ་ དགེ་བཤེས་ཀྱི་མཚན་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དགེ་འདུན་པའི་ཚོགས་ནང་ལས་དྲག་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;

ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་དང་པ་ ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༣ ལུ་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བརྒྱད་པ་འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་དགེ་བཤེས་ངག་དབང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་མཆོག་ སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ལུ་ སྐུ་ཡོན་ཕུལ་མི་སློབ་དཔོན་སྦེ་བཀལ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

སྡེ་སྲིད་འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༩ ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་  སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༢༠ པའི་གསར་ཚེས་ཀྱི་ཟླཝ་དེ་ནང་ གདན་ས་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་སྦེ་ ཁོ་རའི་ཚ་བོ་དགེ་བཤེས་ངག་དབང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༢༠ ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་དགུ་པ་དགེ་བཤེས་ངག་དབང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་འབྱོན་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༤ ལས་ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་དང་པ་ རྗེ་བཙུན་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་དང་། གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ངོས་འཛིན་གྲུབ་སྟེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༢༡ ལས་ སྒང་སྟེང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ལེགས་པའི་དོན་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་བླ་ཚབ་སྦེ་མཛད་བཞུགས་ནུག། རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༧ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་སྦེ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་དགེ་བཤེས་ངག་དབང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་གིས་ དཀྱིལ་ཆོག་གར་ཐིག་དབྱངས་གསུམ་ཡར་རྒྱས་དང་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་སྒྲུབ་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ གསོལ་འདེབས་དང་ལྷན་སྐྱེས་ཚུ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྡེབ་སྦྱོར་རིན་ཆེན་འབྱུང་གནས་ ཟ་མ་ཏོག་དང་ སུམ་རྟགས་དང་ སྒྲ་ཀ་ཙན་དབྱངས་གསུམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རིག་གནས་ཚུ་ཡང་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

གདན་ས་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ འཇམ་དཔལ་དབྱངས་དང་ གུ་རུ་པདྨ་འབྱུང་གནས སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཚུ་དང་ ལྕགས་རི་ལུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་གསེར་སྐུ་དང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་རྒྱ་བོད་ཀྱི་ལོ་པཎ་ཚུ་གི་ཐང་ཀ་ཚུ་ཡང་གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་བའི་བཀའ་འགྱུར་ཆེན་མོ་དང་ རྗེ་བཙུན་མི་ལའི་རྣམ་ཐར་དང་མགུར་འབུམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གསུང་རྟེན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གསར་སྒྲུབ་གནང་སྟེ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ངག་དབང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཟེར་བའི་མཚན་དར་ཁྱབ་ཡར་སོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
 
==== མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བརྒྱད་པ་འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྐུ་ཚེ་སྔ་མ་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་མ་འགྲིགས་པར་ ལཱ་ངན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་འབད་དེ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ནང་འཁྲུག་ལང་བའི་དུས་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་ཕྱོགས་གཏོགས་ཚུ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༢༩ ལུ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ངག་དབང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་བྱོན་པའི་མཐའ་མ་ བཙོན་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་བཀྲོངས་ད་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༠༩ ཟླཝ་ ༡༠ པའི་ཚེས་ ༨ ལུ་ གཡུས་མང་སྡེ་ལས་ ཡབ་རྟ་མགྲིན་ཚེ་དབང་དང་ ཡུམ་ངག་དབང་བུ་དར་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་སྦེ་ བོན་སྦྱིས་ཆོས་རྗེའི་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།  སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་དུས་སྐབས་ལུ་ མཚན་ངག་དབང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཡོད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་དབང་ཀརྨ་པ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ་བྱང་ཆུབ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ ཞྭ་དམར་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་བརྒྱད་པ་ དཔལ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དོན་གྲུབ་གཉིས་ བུམ་ཐང་ཐང་སྦིས་ལུ་ གནས་མཇལ་བར་འབྱོནམ་ད་ ངག་དབང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་མཇལ་བར་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་འབྲེལ་བ་ཞུ་བའི་མཚན་ རིན་ཆེན་ཕྲིན་ལས་རབ་རྒྱས་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;

ཞབས་དྲུང་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ མཚན་ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ཟེར་གསོལ་གནང་ཡོད་རུང་ རྗེ་ངག་དབང་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཀྱིས་ ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་ཟེར་མཚན་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག། ཤུལ་ལས་ གོང་སའི་གོ་གནས་བཞེསཔ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་ཟེར་བའི་མཚན་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་བདུན་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་སྦེ་ངོས་འཛིན་འཁྲུལ་མེད་གནང་སྟེ་ རྟ་མགོ་ཆོས་དབྱིངས་ཕོ་བྲང་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་བདུན་བཞེསཔ་ད་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་སྡེ་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་པ་ བཟོད་པ་ཕྲིན་ལས་ལས་ བསླབ་སྡོམ་བཞེས་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ སྐུ་ཡོན་དང་དབང་ལུང་ཁྲིད་གསུམ་གྱི་རིམ་པ་ཚུ་ སྔགས་འཆང་རྒྱལ་བྱེད་ ཚལ་པ་བསྟན་པ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་དང་ རྗེ་ངག་དབང་ལྷུན་གྲུབ། རྗེ་ངག་དབང་ཕྲིན་ལས། དེ་ལས་ སྒང་སྟེང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ལེགས་པའི་དོན་གྲུབ་ཚུ་ རྩ་བའི་བླམ་སྦེ་བསྟེན་ཏེ་ སྦྱང་བ་མཐར་ཕྱིནམ་སྦེ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༢༡ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ གཞུང་ལུ་གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ བླ་མའི་ཚབ་སྦེ་བཞུགས་དགོ་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཞུ་བ་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ ཐུགས་སྲས་པདྨ་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཀྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་ སྒང་སྟེང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ལེགས་པའི་དོན་གྲུབ་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ན་རྒས་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལཝ་ལས་ དེ་ལུ་ གཞུང་གི་ཡང་ངོས་ལེན་མཛད་དེ་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༡༣ ལས་ གདན་ས་སྒང་སྟེང་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་ལུ་བླ་ཚབ་མཛད་དེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༢༩ ལུ་ གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་གཉིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༩ པ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ངག་དབང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་དང་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༦ པ་ རྗེ་ངག་དབང་ལྷུན་གྲུབ། དེ་ལས་ དགེ་འདུན་པའི་སྡེ་དམངས་ཀྱིས་ གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེའི་དུས་ལུ་ར་ རྒྱས་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་བཞི་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༠ ལུ་ བོད་དམག་ཐེངས་གཉིས་པ་དང་ དཀར་སྦིས་དོན་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་དམག་འོངས་ཏེ་ ནང་འཁྲུག་བྱུངམ་ལས་གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་གཉིས་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་ལུ་འབྱོན་དགོཔ་ཐོན་ནུག། དེའི་དམག་ལན་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ བོད་དམག་དང་དཀར་སྦིས་དོན་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་དམག་དཔུང་ཚུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལས་སྤ་རོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་བདའ་བཏང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
 
ཆིངས་ཡིག་ཅིག་ནང་བཀོད་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༡ ལུ་  དཀར་སྦྱིས་དོན་གྲུབ་ཀྱིས་ སྤ་རོ་འདི་ ཁོ་རའི་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་ཚུདཔ་ལས་ རང་ཐག་རང་བཅད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྤ་རོ་སྤྱི་བླ་བཟོ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་གིས་སྦེ་ གཞུང་དང་དཀར་སྦྱིས་དོན་གྲུབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ལངས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༢ ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བོད་དམག་ཐོན་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༣༤ ལུ་ དཀར་སྦྱིས་དོན་གྲུབ་གྱོངས་སོཔ་ལས་ མི་དབང་བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ སྤ་རོ་མངའ་ཞབས་འདི་ གཞུང་ལུ་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནུག། གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་གིས་ གསེར་ཟངས་ཀྱི་ཚེ་དཔག་མེད་མི་ཚད་མ་དང་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གཙོ་འཁོར། བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་གསེར་ཕྲེང་། གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ལོ་བརྒྱད་པའི་ཚད་ཅན། ཚེ་དཔག་མེད། ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་སྐུ་འདྲ་མི་ཚད་མ། ཀུན་མཁྱེན་པད་དཀར་མི་ཚད་མ། དེ་ལས་ མཁན་སློབ་ཆོས་གསུམ་ཚུ་གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
  
==== མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ་དང་ དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༥ ལུ་གནམ་བྱཱར་གྱི་དུས་ལུ་ གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་གི་ནུ་གཅུང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་ནིའི་ཐུགས་བསམ་བཞེད་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༥ ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་ནི་སྦེ་བཀའ་རྒྱ་གནང་ཡོད་རུང དེ་ལུ་ མཁན་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཚང་ཚུ་གིས་ ངོས་ལེན་མཛད་མ་བཏུབ་པར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ ཁྲི་ཁར་བཞུགས་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ གསོལཝ་བཏབ་རུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༦ ཟླཝ་ ༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༥ ལུ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་ རང་ཐག་རང་བཅད་ཐོག་ལས་ བོད་གངས་ཅན་ལུ་གནས་གཟིགས་པར་བྱོན་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ལོག་སྟེ་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༦ ཟླཝ་ ༤ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༡ ལུ་ མཆོག་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོམ་ལས་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་བདག་རྐྱེན་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༨ ཟླཝ་ ༤ པའི་ནང་ གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་མ་བདེ་བར་ སྐུ་རིམ་མ་བཏུབ་བཏུབ་སྦེ་མཛད་ཡོད་རུང་ ཕན་ཐོགས་འབྱུང་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ ཟླཝ་ ༥ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ་ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ༼༡༧༣༦-༡༧༤༠༽ ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོད་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ་ ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་མཆོག་ མང་སྡེ་སྦོན་སྦིས་ཆོས་རྗེའི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་པ་གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཨ་ཁུ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཛདཔ་ད་དང་ རྒྱ་རབས་ཚུ་ནང་ལུ་ ཁོ་གི་མཚན་ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ཟེར་དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༡༧ མེ་བྱ་གི་ལོ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་ སྦོན་སྦིས་ཆོས་རྗེའི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་པ་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོའི་ནུ་གཅུང་སྦེ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ཡང་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ཆོས་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ འབྲི་ལྷག་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཚུ་སྦྱང་བརྩོན་གནང་སྟེ་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོའི་ནུ་གཅུང་གི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་སྦེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། མཁན་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་དང་དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་དམངས། སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་གཞུང་ཚོགས་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཚུ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༢༩ ས་བྱ་གི་ལོ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་སྦེ་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་དེ་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་བཞི་པའི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུཝ་ད་ ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་འདི་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀྱི་གཟིམ་དཔོན་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གི་མཛད་སྒོ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༥ ཤིང་ཡོས་ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་ཞིང་ལུ་ཕེབས་སོཔ་ལས་ གཟིམ་དཔོན་ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱིས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་རྫོགས་ཚུ་བསྒྲུབས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་པའི་བར་ན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་པ་གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༦ མེ་འབྲུག་ཟླཝ་ ༡ པའི་ནང་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་སྤངས་ཏེ་གསང་བའི་་ཐོག་ལས་ བོད་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག། དུས་སྐབས་ཅིག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་འོས་འབབ་ཡོད་མི་གཞན་ག་ཡང་མེདཔ་ལས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཕྲིན་ལས་དང་གྲྭ་ཚང་གིས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀྱི་གཟིམ་དཔོན་ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་གཅིག་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་ཤུལ། ====
===== ལྕགས་རི་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་གྱི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གསར་བཞེངས། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༦ གནམ་ལོ་མེ་འབྲུག་ལོ་དེ་ནང་ ནང་མ་མཐུན་པའི་དམ་ཚིག་ཉམས་པའི་དབང་གིས་ ལྕགས་རི་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་མེ་རྐྱེན་ཤོར་ཡོད་མི་ བསྐྱར་བཞེངས་ཀྱི་འགན་ཁག་བཞེས་ཏེ་ གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་འདི་ གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་སྟེ་ ཧེ་མ་བ་ལྷགཔ་སྦེ་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དངུལ་འབུམ་མཆོད་རྟེན་དང་ གཞན་ནང་རྟེན་ལེ་ཤ་ར་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

===== གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་ལྔ་པ་སྦེ་གསོལ་ཡོདཔ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༦ ལུ་ གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་བོད་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་དང་མཁན་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཕྲིན་ལས། བློན་པོ་ཚུ་གིས་ གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་ལོག་སྟེ་འབྲུག་ལུ་འབྱོན་དགོ་པའི་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ ལོག་སྟེ་འབྲུག་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག།  སྡེ་སྲིདདང་མཁན་ཆེན་ཚུ་གིས་ གོང་ས་གི་ཞབས་བསུ་གཅར་བར་ ལྕང་གླིང་མའི་ཐང་ནང་ བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་དང་། གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ་ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱིས་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== སྐུ་རྟེན་དང་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་ཡོདཔ། =====
&lt;big&gt;གནས་རྟེན་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་། སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ལྷ་ཁང་། ཐུབ་དབང་ལྷ་ཁང་ལ་སོགས་པ་ གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཧེ་མ་གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་པ་སྦེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་འགོ་བརྩམས་ཡོད་མི་ གསེར་ཟངས་ཀྱིས་བཞེངས་མི་ སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ ཐོག་ཚད་གསུམ་འབད་མི་འདི་འཕྲོ་མཐུད་དེ་ མཇུག་བསྡུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་སྒྲ་པའི་སྡེ་ལོག་སྟེ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་དགུ་པ་ དགེ་བཤེས་ངག་དབང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་གིས་ སྒྲ་པའི་སྡེ་ཚན་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ བར་སྐབས་ཅིག་ལས་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཁ་གཏོར་སོང་མི་འདི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱིས་ སློབ་དཔོན་ངག་དབང་དཔལ་ལྡན་བཟང་པོ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྒྲ་པའི་སྡེ་ཚན་འདི་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་ བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བརྒྱད་པའི་མངའ་གསོལ། ===== 
&lt;big&gt;མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བདུན་པ་ ངག་དབང་ཕྲིན་ལས་མཆོག་ ཟུར་བཞུགས་གནང་བའི་སྐུ་ཚབ་སྦེ་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་ལྔ་པ་གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོའི་དགོངས་བཞེས་ལྟར་ ལ་དྭགས་རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་ནོར་བུ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་བརྒྱད་པ་སྦེ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་གསུམ་པ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༧ མེ་སྦུལ་གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཀུར་སྟོད་དུང་དཀར་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ འབྲུག་སྒྲ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་འདི་ ཆོས་རྗེའི་སྲས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ཡང་སྲིད་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་འདི་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཞལ་གསུང་ནི་མཁྱེན་པའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ཚེ་ཧེ་མའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་གསུངསམ་མ་ཚད་ ཤུལ་ལས་རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་དང་མཁན་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་ནོར་བུ་ཚུ་གིས་ཞུཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་གསུམ་པ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་ཡོདཔ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༨ ས་རྟ་ཟླཝ་ ༤ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་ གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ལུ་བར་ཆད་བྱུངམ་ལས་གཤགས་སོཔ་ལས་ ལོ་གཅིག་གི་རིང་ ལོ་རྒྱུས་འདི་གསང་བ་སྦེ་བཞག་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༩ ས་ལུག་གི་ལོ་ལུ་ གསང་བ་གྲོལ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ས་གནས་རྟ་མགོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་མཁན་སློབ་དགེ་འདུན་ཚུ་གྱིས་ པུར་སྦྱང་ཚུ་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགསཔ་སྦེ་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

===== རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཞི་བདེ་དང་དགའ་སྐྱིད། ===== 
&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་བའི་བསྟན་པ་ལུ་ཞབས་ཏོག་དང་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་བྱམས་པ་དང་བརྩེ་བའི་ཐོག་ལས་སྐྱོང་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཆོས་ལུགས་དང་མི་ཚུ་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ཡང་ ཕྱོགས་རིས་མེདཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྐྱོང་བའི་སྐབས་ རྐྱེན་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ ཆར་ཆུ་དུས་ལུ་བབས་ ས་ལས་ཐོན་པའི་ལོ་ཐོག་ཚུ་ལེགས་ ནད་གཞི་དང་མུ་གེ་ཚུ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ངང་ལུ་སྐྱོང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱིས་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་མཆོག་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ལོ་བཞི་ཀྱི་རིང་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༤༠ ལྕགས་སྤྲེལ་གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ དགུན་གྱི་གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ལོག་སྟེ་བོན་སྦིས་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་བྱོན་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== དགོངས་ཞུ་གི་མཛད་པ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;ལོ་ངོ་བཞི་གི་རིང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་སྦེ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་ཕྱག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཞུ་ཡོད་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ འཁྲུངས་ཡུལ་མང་སྡེ་སྦོན་སྦིས་དང་ཀྲོང་གསར་ཆོས་འཁོར་རབ་བརྟན་རྩེ་ལུ་སྦེ་ ཐུགས་དམ་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་འདི་སྐུ་ན་རྒས་ཏེ་ སྐུ་ཚོ་རིངམོ་སྦེ་བཞུགས་ཡོད་རུང་ གཤགཧ་ཡོད་པའི་སྤྱི་ལོ་དང་ཟླ་ཚེས་ཚུ་ གཏན་འཁེལ་སྦེ་ཤེས་མ་ཚུགསཔ་པས།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ་ངག་དབང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ༼༡༧༤༠-༡༧༤༤༽ === 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ་ངག་དབང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་འདི་ སྦྱིས་སྨད་ཝང་འགྲམ་མདོར་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཆུང་ཀུ་བསྒང་ལས་ ཆོས་ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཁྲིམས་ལུགས་དང་ གཞུང་ཞབས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་ནང་སྦྱང་བརྩོན་མཛད་དེ་ ཁོ་ལུ་བློ་སྟོབས་་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཤུལ་ལས་ནུབ་བརྡ་ལིང་ཁའི་རྫོང་དཔོན་དང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་བཀལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;  
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཀྱི་མཛད་སྒོ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༤༠ གནམ་ལོ་ལྕགས་སྤྲེལ་གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ་ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་མཆོག་ གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ལས་་དགོངས་ཞུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ག་ཡང་མེདཔ་ལས་ གཞུང་གི་དཔོན་ཁག་དང་མཁན་ཆེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་ནོར་བུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་ངག་དབང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་བསྟུན་གྲོས་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༤༠ ལྕགས་སྤྲེལ་གྱི་དགུན་དུས་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ་སྦེ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། 
&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛན་རྣམ། ====

===== རྒྱལ་སྲས་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གིས་མངའ་གསོལ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ་ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱིས་གཞུང་ལུ་ཞུཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༤༠ ལྕགས་སྤྲེལ་གྱི་ལོ་དེ་ནང་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་དྲུག་པ་སྦེ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མཚན་ཡང་ མི་ཕམ་་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་མཛད་པའི་སྐབས་ ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་གསོར་ར་ཚུ་ཡང་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== འབྲུག་པ་ཀུན་ལེགས་ཀྱི་ཡང་སྲིད། =====
&lt;big&gt;མཁན་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཀྱིས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཆོས་རྒྱུན་གྱི་བཀའ་གནང་བའི་སྐབས་ འབྲུག་པ་ཀུན་ལེགས་ཀྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་གྲུབ་དབང་ཀུན་དགའ་མི་འགྱུར་རྡོ་རྗེ་ བོད་ལས་མར་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཆོས་ཞུ་བར་འབྱོནམ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ཞབས་ཏོག་དང་སྦྱིན་བདག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 

===== བསྟན་འགྱུར་གསར་བཞེངས། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ངག་དབང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་སྐབས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ བསྟན་བཅོས་ལུ་མཁས་པ་དང་བསྟན་འགྱུར་ཚུ་མེདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དར་ཁྱབ་ཡང་མ་འགྱོ་བས། སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱིས་བོད་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ བསྟན་བཅོས་ཚུ་སྐད་སྒྱུར་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ རྟ་མགོ་བླམ་ཤཱཀྱ་རིན་ཆེན་དང་བླ་མ་ངག་དབང་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱ་མཚོ། རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་མཐའ་ཡས་ཚུ་ཀྱིས་ བསྟན་བཅོས་བསྒྱུར་ནི་དང་ཞུན་དག་འབད་ནི་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== དགེ་བའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཀུན་སློང་བཟང་པོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་ནང་ལས་ གཙོ་བོ་གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་གསེར་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག།  བཀྲི་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ནང་ མགོན་པོ་ལྕམ་དྲལ་གྱི་གསེར་སྐུ་ཚུ་བཞེངས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གཞན་དགེ་བའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཛད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་ཕན་འདེབས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། &lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;ཧེ་མ་སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ་ ཁུ་བོ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ་ངག་དབང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་འཁོན་འཛིན་བཞག་སྟེ་ སྤོ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་རྫོང་དཔོན་དར་རྒྱར། ཡོངས་འཛིན་ངག་དབང་པད་དཀར། ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་ ཤཱཀྱ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཚུ་ལུ་བཀའ་བཀྱོན་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཡང་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཡོངས་འཛིན་ཡང་ ཡང་སྲིད་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་བཞུགས་མ་བཅུག་པར་ མཐའ་བཤུད་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ མ་རུངས་པའི་ལཱ་ངན་འབད་བའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ ཁོ་རའི་བསོད་ནམས་སྟབས་གཅིག་གུར་ཟད་འགྱོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༤༤ ཤིང་བྱི་ལོ་གི་གནམ་དགུན་ཅིག་ནང་ དབང་འདུས་རྗོང་གི་མགོན་ཁང་ནང་ དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ བསྐང་བ་གནང་བའི་སྐབས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་རབ་གསལ་བ་གམ་ནང་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ བྱ་རོགས་གིས་སྐད་རྐྱབ་མི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གཤོགཔ་བརྡབས་ཡོདཔ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ བཀའ་སྲུང་ཁྲོས་པའི་རྟགས་མཚན་ངན་པ་སྟོནམ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གཟའ་གདོང་དང་ཕྱད་པའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ གློ་བུར་དུ་གཤགས་སོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;


=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། (༡༧༤༤-༡༧༦༣) ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ཞེ་བདུན་ རབ་འབྱུང་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༩༧ མེ་གླང་གི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཡབ་དབང་འདུས་ཕུན་ཚོགས་དང་ ཡུམ་རྫ་མ་སྲིད་ཐར་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་སྲས་ཆུང་ཤོས་སྦེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྗོང་ཁག་སྟོད་ཝང་མཁར་གསར་ཁ་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ཁོ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངམ་ད་ མཚན་སྲིད་ཐུབ་ཟེར་དར་ཁྱབ་ཡར་སོ་ནུག། དགུང་ལོ་ཉེར་ལྔའི་བར་ན་ དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་སྡེ་ནང་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མཚན་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཡང་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཚན་ལུ་སི་ཏུ་དང་སྤྱི་བླ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཡོད་མི་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་གསུམ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་འབྱོན་པའི་སྐབས་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཚན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཤུལ་ལས་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། ལོ་གྲངས་ ༡༨ ཀྱི་རིང་ གྲཱ་ཚང་ནང་སྐུ་ཡོན་ཚུ་སྦྱངས་ཏེ་ དབང་ལུང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བདུད་རྩི་ཚུ་ལུ་སྦྱང་བརྩོན་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུ་བསྒང་ལས་འགྲན་ཟླ་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཤུལ་ལས་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་རྗོང་དང་དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྗོང་ཚུ་ནང་མགྲོན་གཉེར་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གྱི་མཛད་སྒོ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ་ངག་དབང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༤༤ ཤིང་བྱི་གི་ལོ་ལུ་ གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་གཤགས་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ སྤོ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ མཁན་ཆེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་ནོར་བུ་ཚུ་གིས་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་སྦེ་ གདན་ས་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གྱི་དགའ་སྟོན་བརྩི་སྲུང་གི་སྐབས་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་ལེགས་དར་ཕུལ་བར་འབྲུག་མི་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་ བོད་དང་རྒྱ་ནག། རྒྱ་གར་ཚུ་ལས་སྐུ་ཚབ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ལུ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ལེགས་དར་ཕུལ་བར་བྱོན་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་རྣམ།&lt;/big&gt; 

===== མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་དགུ་པ། =====
&lt;big&gt;གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༤༤ ཤིང་བྱི་གི་ལོ་ནང་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་བརྒྱད་པ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ནོར་བུ་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛདཔ་ལས་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ གྲཱ་ཚང་འདུས་དམངས་ཀྱིས་རྟ ་མགོ་བླམ་ཤཱཀྱ་རིན་ཆེན་མཆོག་མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་དགུ་པ་སྦེ་ ས་གནས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྗོང་ལུ་སྦེ་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཡང་སྲིད། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ་ངག་དབང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ གཞུང་གི་ངོ་ལོགཔ་ཚུ་ལུ་འཁོན་ཞུགས་ཏེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཡང་སྲིད་ ཤཱཀྱ་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་ཡོངས་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྗེ་ངག་དབང་པད་དཀར་འདི་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུ་ལས་ བདག་འཛིན་མ་འབད་བར་བཞགཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་གྲཱ་ཚང་ནང་ གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སྐུ་ཡོན་ཚུ་གཟིགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཤུལ་ལས་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ཡང་སྲིད་ ཤཱཀྱ་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ སྟག་ཚང་བླམ་སྦེ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་ནུག། ད་རུང་ ཆོས་རྗེ་ངག་དབང་པད་དཀར་འདི་ དར་དཀར་རྗོང་ཁག་ནང་གཡུས་བཏོན་ཏེ་བཞག་མི་འདི་ ལོག་སྟེ་གཞུང་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མགོན་པ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ནང་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་འབྲུག་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ། =====
&lt;big&gt;ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་དཔལ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༢༤ ཤིང་འབྲུག་ལུ་བོད་གཡོ་རུ་གྲྭ་ནང་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་གཉིས་དང་ གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ། མཁན་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཚུ་གིས་ བོད་གཞུང་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་གསུང་གྲོས་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གནང་ཡོད་རུང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་ལུང་པ་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་མ་ཚུགས་པས། ཨིན་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཤཱཀྱ་རིན་ཆེན་མཆོག་གིས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་དང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཚུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༤༦ མེ་སྟག་ཟླཝ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༤ ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཡང་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ། =====
&lt;big&gt;ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཡང་སྲིད་དཔལ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༤༧ མེ་ཡོས་ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་དང་། རྒྱལ་སྲས་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཡང་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་བདུན་པ་སྦེ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཉིནམ་འདི་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་ནི་དོན་ལུ་ འཇིག་རྟེན་དབང་ཕྱུག་འབུམ་དང་ གསོལ་འདེབས་ལེའུ་བདུན་མ་ཚུ་ཡང་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་སྐུ་རིམ། =====
&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཞི་བདེ་གི་ངང་ལུ་སྐྱོང་ཐབས་དང་ རྐྱེན་བར་ཆད་ཚུ་ཞི་ཐབས་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༤༩ གི་ལོ་ནང་ སྐུ་རིམ་བཀའ་འགྱུར་ཚར་ ༦༡ དང་ བསྟན་འགྱུར་ཚར་ ༦ ལྷག་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༤༡ ལོ་ནང་ བདེ་མཆོག་བསྙེན་པ་དུང་ཕྱུར་ཡང་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༥༨ ལས་ ༡༧༦༧ ཚུན་ ལོ་རེ་ནང་ བཀའ་འགྱུར་ཚར་ ༢ རེ་དང་། བླམ་མཆོདཔ་ཚར་ ༡༠ རེ། ལྷ་མོ་ཉིནམ་ ༢ རེ་མ་ཆད་པར་གནང་ནི་སྲོལ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་པ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ། ===== 
&lt;big&gt;མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་དགུ་པ་རྒྱལ་བ་ཤཱཀྱ་རིན་ཆེན་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༥༥ ཤིང་ཕག་གི་ལོ་ལུ་དགོངས་ཞུ་བའི་ཚོ་ རྡོ་རྗེ་སློབ་དཔོན་པན་ཆེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་པའི་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གྱི་དགའ་སྟོན་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
===== མི་སེར་གྱི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་དང་ མི་སེར་གྱི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་གཟིགས་མི་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སྐྱིད་སྡུག་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གཟིགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དང་པ་ར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༥༥ ཤིང་ཕག་གི་ལོ་ནང་ ཤར་ཝང་སྤ་གསུམ་གྱི་མི་སེར་དཔའ་རྩལཔ་ཚུ་ལུ་ སྦུངས་སྒུལ་བརྒྱུག་ནི་འདི་ ཡངས་ཆག་བཏང་ནུག། གཉིས་པ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁའི་ཐང་ཆུ་འགོ་གི་ཆུ་བྱག་འདི་ ལོ་ཨ་རྟག་ར་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་རྐྱབ་དགོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ ལཱ་འདི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་གླ་ཆ་སྤྲོད་ཏེ་ ལཱ་ཚུ་ཡངས་ཆག་བཏང་ནུག། གསུམ་པ་ དར་དཀར་པའི་དབང་བཞི་ལུ་བསྐྱལ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་དང་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་སྐྱེལ་འཐུས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== སྡེ་སྲིད་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༦༣ ཆུ་ལུག་གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་དགུང་ལོ་ ༦༧ བཞེསཔ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་དུས་ཡུན་ལོ་གྲངས་ ༢༠ བཞུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་དང་། སྤོ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་འབྲུག་ཕུན་ཚོགས་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་གི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་བཞི་པ་སྦེ་་བསྐོས་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ གདན་ས་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་སྦེ་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུའི་མཛད་པ། ====
 
===== ཆོས་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ གནམ་བྱཱར་ལུ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཀུན་གསལ་ཕོ་བྲང་ནང་དང་ གནམ་དགུན་ལུ་ བ་ལིང་རིན་ཆེན་ཁང་བཟང་ནང་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ དགེ་སྡིག་གིས་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་སྤང་བླང་འབད་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་རྒྱལ་བའི་བཀའ་འགྱུར་ཚུ་གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt; 
===== མི་སེར་ལུ་ཕན་པའི་མཛད་པ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་དགོངས་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ བ་ལིང་རིན་ཆེན་ཁང་བཟང་ནང་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ བ་ལིང་རིན་ཆེན་ཁང་བཟང་འདི་ཁའི་ ཉེ་འདེབས་ཀྱི་ཆུ་གུར་ཟམ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ཀྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སྨན་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ཐོབ་པར་དཀའ་བའི་སྨན་ཚུ་འཚོལ་ནི་ལུ་ གྲོགས་རམ་དང་སྦྱིན་པ་ཚུ་བཏང་ནུག། ད་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་བཞི་པ་འབྲུག་ཕུན་ཚོགས་མཆོག་ སྐུ་སྙུང་བའི་སྐབས་ སྐུ་རིམ་ཚུ་ཡང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;
===== མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། =====
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་བཞི་པ་འབྲུག་ཕུན་ཚོགས་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༦༥ ཤིང་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་ལུ་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགསཔ་ད་ གཞུང་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཛད་དགོ་པའི་གསོལཝ་བཏབ་ཡོད་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་སྐུ་ན་རྒས་པའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ ཞལ་གྱིས་མ་བཞེས་པས། ཨིན་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅོ་ལྔ་པ་འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་འདི་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་པའི་སྐབས་ འཕགས་པའི་དགེ་འདུན་ལུ་བསྙེན་བཀུར་དང་ འཇིགས་དབང་འབུམ་ཐེར་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་དུས་ཡུན་རིང་ཤོས་ལོ་གྲངས་ ༢༠ ཕྱག་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༦༨ ས་བྱི་དགུང་ལོ་ ༧༢ བཞེསཔ་ད་གཤགས་་སོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་བཞི་པ་འབྲུག་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ༼༡༧༦༣-༡༧༦༥༽ ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ནང་གསེས་ སྟོད་ཝང་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་ཡང་འབྲུག་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་དང་ ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ལུ་སྦྱང་བརྩོན་འབད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ་སྤོ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་དང་། མཁན་ཆེན་སྐུ་བགྲེས་པཎ་ཆེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ལས་ བསྙན་རྫོགས་ཀྱི་སྡོམ་པ་ཞུ་བའི་སྐབས་ འབྲུག་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ལུ་ མ་འོངས་པའི་ནང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བཀོད་ནི་གི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཨིན་པས་ཟེར་གསུངསམ་བཞིན་དུ་ མཚན་ཡང་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་སྦེ་ཡང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག། ད་རུང་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྗོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་པའི་སྐབས་  སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་ བཀྲི་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྗོང་ཉམས་བཅོས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་མི་ཚུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༥༩ ས་ཡོས་ཟླཝ་ ༩ པའི་ཚེས་ ༨ ལུ་ ལོ་ངོ་གསུམ་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྗོང་གི་ཉམས་བཅོས་བསྒྲུབས་སོ་ནུག། སྤ་རོ་སྟང་ཚང་ལུ་ པཎ་ཆེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མཁན་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུཝ་ད་ འབྲུག་ཕུན་ཚོགས་འདི་ དེའི་སྐབས་སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དགོངས་འདུས་རིལ་སྒྲུབ་ལུ་ སྦྱྔིན་བདག་མཛད་ནུག། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་འབྲུག་ཕུན་ཚོགས་མཆོག་ པཎ་ཆེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ལས་ བསྙེན་རྗོགས་ཀྱི་སྡོམ་པ་ཞུཝ་ད་ མཚན་་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། &lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གྱི་མཛད་སྒོ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༦༣ ཆུ་ལུག་ཟླཝ་དང་པའི་ནང་ དགོངསམ་ཞུཝ་ལས་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་འབུག་ཕུན་ཚོགས་འདི་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཆོས་རྗེ་ངག་་དབང་ཕྲིན་ལས་དང་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་གི་བསྟུན་གྲོས་ཐོག་ལས་ འབྲུག་གྱི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་བཞི་པ་སྦེ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།
སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ།&lt;/big&gt;
===== མཆོད་རྟེན་གསར་བཞེངས། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་མ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་བཞི་པ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་གིས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་དབུ་འཕང་ལུ་བསྟོད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མཆོད་རྟེན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གི་གསེར་བཞེངས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
===== དཔལ་ལྡན་ཤེས་རབ་སེངྒེ་གི་བསྐོ་བཞག། =====
&lt;big&gt;དབང་འདུས་རྗོང་དཔོན་བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་དང་ མཁན་ཆེན་བགྲེསཔ་པཎ་ཆེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་སྡེ་སྲིད་ལུ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ དབང་འདུས་གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་ལུ་སྦེ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་སྐུ་དྲུང་བགྲེསཔ་དཔལ་ཤེས་རབ་སེངྒེ་འདི་ གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་བླམ་གནས་བརྟན་སྦེ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་ནུག། &lt;/big&gt;

==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༦༥ ཤིང་བྱ་ཟླཝ་ ༢ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ གློ་བུར་ཀྱི་སྐུ་གཟུགས་བསྙུངས་ཏེ་དྲག་མ་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ཡུན་མ་རིངམོ་ཅིག་ཁར་དགོངས་པ་རྗོགས་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ མཁན་ཆེན་སྐུ་བགྲེས་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་ གཅིག་ཁར་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་རའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་ འཕྲོ་མཐུད་དེ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;


=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅོ་ལྔ་པ་འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ༼༡༧༦༥-༡༧༦༨༽ ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅོ་ལྔ་པ་འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་འདི་ ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ནང་གསེས་ སྨད་ཝང་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ སྒར་ལྟོའི་གྲས་ཁར་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་ཏེ་ འགན་ཁུར་ག་ཅི་ར་ཕོག་རུང་ འགན་ཁུར་འབག་ཚུགས་པའི་ཕོ་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས། དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཉམས་མྱོང་ཡོད་མི་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པའི་ཏོག་བདག་རྐྱེན་ ཆིབས་བཞོན་པའི་གོ་གནས་དང་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྗོང་དཔོན་སྦེ་གསོལ་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིདད་བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་སྦེ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་དབང་འདུས་རྗོང་དཔོན་ལས་ སྤུ་ན་ཁའི་རྗོང་དཔོན་སྦེ་གོ་གནས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;

སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་སྒོ། སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་བཞི་པ་འབྲུག་ཕུན་ཚོགས་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༦༥ ཤིང་བྱ་གི་ལོ་ལུ་གཤགས་སོཔ་ལས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཆོས་རྗེ་ངག་དབང་ཕྲིན་ལས་དང་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ། དེ་ལས་ བློན་པོ་ཚུ་ཀྱིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༦༥ ཤིང་བྱ་གི་ལོ་དེ་ནང་ར་ སྤུ་ན་ཁའི་རྗོང་དཔོན་འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲི་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྗོང་ནང་ལུ་སྦེ་ འབྲུག་གི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅོ་ལྔ་པ་སྦེ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
===== མཆོད་རྟེན་གསར་བཞེངས། ===== 
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་བཞི་པ་འབྲུག་ཕུན་ཚོགས་མཆོག་གི་ཕྱག་འགན་ ལྷ་ཁང་དང་མཆོད་རྟེན་བཞེངས་ནིའི་ལཱ་ཚུ་འཕྲོ་མཐུད་དེ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་དང་། མཆོད་རྟེན་གྱི་རབ་གནས་ཚུ་ཡང་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
===== སྟོན་པའི་སྐུ་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁར་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱས་ས་ལྟེ་བ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྗོང་ལུ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་ དགུང་ལོ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པའི་སྐུ་ཚད་ བོད་ཀྱི་ལྷ་ས་ ར་ས་འཕྲུལ་སྣང་ལུ་བཞུགས་མི་ཇོ་བོའི་སྐུ་ཚད་ཀྱི་གསེར་སྐུ་ཚུ་ཟླཝ་གཅིག་ནང་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
===== བཀའ་འགྱུར་གསར་བཞེངས། =====
&lt;big&gt;བོད་ཀྱི་མཚལ་པར་མ་ལུ་དཔེ་འགབ་སྟེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༦༧ མེ་ཕག་ཟླཝ་ ༡༡ པ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ བཀའ་འགྱུར་གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་། དེའི་སྐབས་ ཡི་གུ་འབྲི་མི་ཡང་ ཡི་གུ་མཁན་ཚུ་ལས་ཡིག་རྒྱུགས་བཞེངས་ཏེ་ མི་གྲངས་ལྔ་བཅུ་ཙམ་གྱིས་བཞེངས་ནུག། རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་མཐའ་ཡས་ཀྱིས་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ ཞུན་དག་གཙོ་བོ་དགེ་བའི་བཤེས་གཉེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་དང་། བརྡ་སྤྲོད་མཁན་བདུན་ཙམ་ཅིག་གིས་ ཞུན་དག་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དེའི་རབ་གནས་ཡང་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དང་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཆོས་རྗེ་ངག་དབང་ཕྲིན་ལས། སྡེ་སྲིད་སྐུ་བགྲེས་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཤེས་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཚུ་ཞུ་སྟེ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== སྐུ་འདྲ་གསར་བཞེངས། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ འཕགས་པ་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་ཕྱག་བཞི་འབད་མི་ཅིག་ ཟངས་ལས་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཐང་ཡང་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་མཐའ་ཡས་མཆོག་གིས་ དེ་ཚུ་གུར་གསེར་གདུང་ཆེན་མོ་བཞེངས་ནིའི་ནང་་འགོ་འདྲེན་མཛད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་པ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༦༨ ས་བྱི་ཟླཝ་ ༡༡ པའི་གནམ་སྒང་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་སེར་ལུ་ཕན་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཛད་པའི་མཐའ་མར་ དགོངསམ་རྗོགས་སོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་དྲུག་པ་བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་ཁྲི་བཅུ་དྲུག་པ་ བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་འདི་ ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་སྦེད་སྨད་ཁྱུང་སུ་སྡིངས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མཚན་ཞི་དར་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། ཁོ་གིས་ པཎ་ཆེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ལས་ དགེ་ཚུལ་གྱི་སྡོམ་པ་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ མཚན་བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཟེར་དར་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ འབྲུག་པའི་སྒོར་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ འགན་ཁུར་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ར་བཞེས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོའི་ཕྱག་སྒརཔ་གི་གྲངས་སུ་ཡང་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་ནུག། དེའི་ཚེ་ གོང་ས་མཆོག་ལུ་ཕྱག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ཞུཝ་ལས་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་གྱི་གྲངས་སུ་ཚུད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རིམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་ གོ་གནས་སྦོམ་ཚུ་ཡང་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོ་མཆོག་ གསེར་ཁྲི་གུར་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ ཁོ་གི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ངལ་རངས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གཞུང་མགྲོན་གཉེར་གྱི་གོ་གནས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
==== ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་དང་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་པའི་སྐོར། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;གཞུང་མགྲོན་གཉེར་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་འབག་ཚུགས་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་དང་ དབང་འདུས་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། ཁོ་ར་ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་པ་པཎ་ཆེན་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་འགོ་དང་པ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་མ་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ ལ་དྭགས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་བློན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ མ་འགྲིགསཔ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་གི་ནང་འགྲིག་བཟོ་བར་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་སྐུ་ཚབ་སྦེ་རྫོང་དཔོན་བཏངམ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་དགོངས་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག། ཧེ་མ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་འབྲུག་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་དང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བར་ན་ སྲི་ངན་བྱུང་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ མ་ཞི་བར་ཡོདཔ་ལས་   མི་ངན་ཚུ་གིས་ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་དང་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་ལུ་ ཟས་ངན་དྲངས་པའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ སྐུ་བསྙུངས་མི་འདི་དྲག་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ ཐུགས་བསུན་ཏེ་འབྱོན་པའི་སྐབས་ དབང་འདུས་སྒང་སྟེང་ཐང་ཁ་ལུ་ཕེབས་ད་ རྫོང་དཔོན་བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཀྱིས་བསྙེན་བཀུར་ཚུ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གི་མཛད་པ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༡༥ པ་འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་འདི་ གློ་བུར་དུ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོཔ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༦༩ ཟླཝ་ ༡༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༤ ལུ་གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ཁ་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དང་དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་། དེ་ལས་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཚུ་འཛོམས་ཐོག་ལས་ དབང་རྫོང་བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་འདི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༡༦ པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁར་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཞི་དར་ལ་འདི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ མཛད་པ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཛད་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ དང་པ་ར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་ར་དབང་རྫོང་པ་སྦེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ དབང་འདུས་སྒོ་ཁང་གི་རྟེན་ གསར་བཞེངས་ཀྱི་ལཱ་འཕྲོ་ལུས་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ མཇུག་བསྡུ་གནང་ནུག། འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ བསྟན་པ་དང་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ཐུགས་བཞེས་གནང་སྟེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་མཐོང་གྲོལ་ཆེན་མོ་ རྒྱ་ཚད་འདོམ་བཅོ་ལྔ་དང་ མཐོ་ཚད་འདོམ་བཅོ་ལྔ་འབད་མི་ཅིག་ གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་དང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་གོས་ཐང་བཅས་ གོས་ཐང་ཉེར་གསུམ་ གསར་བཞེངས་དང་རབ་གནས་ཚུ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་དང་ སངས་རྒྱས་སྟོང་རྩ། གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་རྟེན་ཚུ་ ལུགས་སུ་བླུགས་ཏེ་བཞེངས་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་ཕྱག་ལུ་རྩིས་ཕུལ་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཀྱིས་ སྤུ་ན་རྫོང་གི་ནང་རྟེན་ཚུ་ཉམས་བཅོས་དང་གསར་བཞེངས། གསེར་སྒྲོན་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བསྟན་འགྲོའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཧེ་མ་ པཎ་ཆེན་ནགས་ཀྱི་རིན་ཆེན་གྱི་བཞུགས་གནས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མི་ བསོད་ནམས་དགའ་ཚལ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་དགའ་ཚལ་ཟེར་བའི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པ་བཅས་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༧༢ གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་མེ་མཆོད་ཐེངས་གཉིས་པ་བཞེསཔ་དང་ དེའི་བསྐྱར་བཞེངས་ཡང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་གིས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
 
==== སྐྱབས་ཡུལ་གོངམ་ལུ་བསྙེན་བཀུར་གྱི་མཛད་པ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་དང་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཧེ་མ་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ དབང་འདུས་རྫོང་དཔོན་སྦེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཁ་ཆེམས་བཞག་ཡོདཔ་བཞིན་དུ་ བསྙེན་བཀུར་ཞུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ བོད་ལུ་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དེའི་ཡང་སྲིད་འདི་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུཝ་ད་ འབྲུག་ལུ་གཏང་མ་བཏུབ་ལས་ མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ བཀའ་སྲུང་དང་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་གི་གདོང་ བོད་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་བསྒྱུརཝ་ལས་ མཐར་ཐུག་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ཚུགས་ནུག། འབྲུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྗེ་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་མཐའ་ཡས་གཉིས་ལུ་ སྐུ་ཡོན་ཚུ་ཕུལ་བཅུག་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། དབང་ཚད་ལོག་སྤྱོད་དང་ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་དང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ། &lt;br&gt;

སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྲིད་དབང་གིས་མ་ཚིམས་པར་ ཆོས་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་དབང་ཚད་ཡང་བཞེས་ཏེ་ ཧེ་མ་བླམ་གནས་བརྟན་ཤེས་རབ་སེང་གེ་འདི་ རྡོར་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་གིས་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ ཁོ་ར་གིས་ར་ ཁྲི་ལས་ཕབ་བཏང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྡོར་སློབ་འདི་དང་དབྱངས་སློབ་གཉིས་གནས་སོར་བཏང་སྟེ་ བརྩི་བཀུར་མེད་པའི་མཛད་འཕྲིན་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ གྲྭ་སྡེ་དང་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལུགས་སེམས་ལུ་མ་བབས་པའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཁོ་གི་ཕྲག་དོག་གི་རྐྱེན་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཀུཆ་བི་ཧར་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་དམག་འཁྲུག་བྱུང་ཡོད་རུང་ ཁོ་གིས་ མ་འོངས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ལུ་དགོངས་ཏེ་ གོརྵའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་ བལ་པོ་ཚུ་དང་མཉམ་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་བཟོ་གནང་རུང་ དམག་འཁྲུག་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ར་བྱུང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་བདུན་པ་ ཀུན་དགའ་རིན་ཆེན་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ།	 ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག་ གཡུས་རུད་པའི་ས་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་ཀུན་དགའ་རིན་ཆེན་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། ཀུན་དགའ་རིན་ཆེན་ཁོ་ར་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ གྲྭ་ཚང་འདུས་སྡེ་ནང་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེའི་ཚེ་སྐུ་གཟུགས་ཆུང་ཀུ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འཁྲུངས་ཡུལ་རུད་པའི་ས་ལས་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ མཚན་ལུ་རུད་ཅུང་ཟེར་ཡང་ཞུ་སྲོལ་དར་ནུག། རུད་ཅུང་པ་ཁོ་ར་ གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ རིག་གནས་བཅུ་དང་ཆོ་ག་ཕྱག་ལེན། དེ་ལས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཆོས་གསུམ་གྱི་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཚུ་ མཐར་ཕྱིན་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཕྱག་འགན་ཡང་རིམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་བཞེས་གནང་སྟེ་ མཚན་ཉིད་སློབ་དཔོན་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་ཡང་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཀྱིས་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྒྲིག་ཁྲིམས་ལུ་ཡང་ལགཔ་རྐྱབ་ལས་ མཁན་སློབ་ཚུ་ དབང་ཚད་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེདཔ་བཟོ་མི་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ མཚན་ཉིད་སློབ་དཔོན་མཆོག་ཡངཞན་པ་ལོག་ཡོད་རུང་སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་མཚན་སློབ་གཉིས་ ཧེ་མ་གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་གྲོགས་ཅིག་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་འདི་ རྒྱ་དམག་གི་གདོང་ལེན་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མ་ མཚན་སློབ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་བསྟུན་གྲོས་མཛདཔ་ད་ མཚན་སློབ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་ར་དམག་ལུ་བྱོན་པ་ཅིན་ལེགས་ཤོམ་འོང་ཟེར་ཞུཝ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཚབ་སྦེ་ མཚན་སློབ་བཏོན་ཏེ་བཞག་བཞགཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་སྐོར། ====
&lt;big&gt;མཚན་ཉིད་སློབ་དཔོན་ཀུན་དགའ་རིན་ཆེན་གྱིས་གསུངསམ་བཞིན་དུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་དྲུག་པ་བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༧༣ གནམ་ལོ་ཆུ་སྦྲུལ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཁམས་ཅིག་ཁར་ རྒྱ་དམག་གི་གདོང་ལེན་ལུ་བྱོན་ཡོད་རུང་ རྒྱ་དམག་ལས་ཕམ་སོཔ་ལས་ གཞུང་གིས་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་ཕབ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༧༤ གི་ལོ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཁམས་ལུ་ མཚན་ཉིད་སློབ་དཔོན་ཀུན་དགའ་རིན་ཆེན་མཆོག་ ཁྲི་སྤྲུལ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་གིས་བཀའ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༧༤ ལུ་མཚན་སློབ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བྱིན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ དང་པ་ར་ ཧེ་མ་ཕྱི་གཞུང་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་སེལ་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཀུན་གཟིགས་པཎ་ཆེན་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་དྲུག་པ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་ཡེ་ཤེས་ལུ་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མཐུན་འབྲེལ་བཟོ་དགོ་པའི་ཞུ་ཡིག་ཕུལཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ པཎ་ཆེན་མཆོག་གིས་ཡང་ རྒྱ་གར་ཀ་ལི་ཀ་ཏ་ལུ་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་ ཧེ་མ་ཀུཆ་བི་ཧར་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་སྤུན་གཉིས་བཙན་བཟུང་འབད་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ལོག་གཏང་ནི་དང་ རྒྱ་གཞུང་གིས་དབང་མི་ འབྲུག་གི་ས་ཁོངས་ཚུ་ཡང་ལོག་འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ་ རྩིས་སྤྲོད་འབད་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ གཞུང་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ཧོངས་ལས་ཆ་འཇོག་འབད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ དོན་ཚན་བཅུ་ཐམ་འབད་མི་གན་ཡིག་ཅིག་ཡང་ གཏན་འབེབས་བཟོ་སྟེ་ ཕྱག་རྟགས་བཀོད་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱ་འབྲུག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱ་གཞུང་འདི་ཧེ་མ་ལས་ བོད་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཚོང་ལམ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དང་འདོད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་འདི་གུར་ཕྱག་རྟགས་གནང་སྟེ་ གཞུང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་བཟོ་བའི་ཤུལ་མ་ རྒྱ་གཞུང་ལས་ བོད་ལུ་ཚོང་ལམ་ཕྱེ་བར་འགྱོཝ་ད་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་བསུ་བ་དང་བཅས་ བསུ་ལེན་འབད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཟླཝ་བཞི་དེ་ཅིག་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ཡང་ ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཞུཝ་ལས་ ཧེ་མ་བ་ལྷགཔ་སྦེ་ མཐུན་འབྲེལ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག། 
&lt;/big&gt;
==== ནང་འཁྲུག་འཇོམས་པའི་མཛད་རྣམ།	 ====
&lt;big&gt;	
སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ ཚར་གཅིག་དམག་འཁྲུག་མེདཔ་སྦེ་འགྱོ་ཡོད་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་གཏོགས་ཚུ་གིས་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ལང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བགྲེསཔ་བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་གཏོགས་ཚུ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ ༡༧༧༤ བར་ཁམས་ཅིག་ནང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བགྲེསཔ་ཡོད་རྫུ་བཏབ་སྟེ་ སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་ལུ་སྒར་བཅགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གཞུང་དང་གྲྭ་ཚང་འདུས་ཚོགས་ལུ་ ལཱ་ངན་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་གཞུང་གི་དམག་སྟོབས་ཅན་ཚུ་གིས་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ཞི་བར་འཇོམས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ།	 ====
	
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་གི་སྐབས་ རྒྱ་དམག་དང་ནང་འཁྲུག་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ དགེ་འདུན་པའི་ཞལ་གྲངས་མར་ཕབ་འགྱོ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ཡར་སེང་འབད་ཐབས་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༧༥ ཤིང་ལུག་གི་ལོ་ལུ་ དགེ་སློང་ཞལ་གྲངས་ཉིས་བརྒྱ་ལྷག་ཙམ་ཅིག་ གསར་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་སྟེ་ དགེ་འདུན་པའི་སྡེ་ ཉམས་པ་སོར་ཆུད་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཕན་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་ ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པའི་མཐོང་གྲོལ་གཅིག་ཡང་གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། འདི་དང་འབྲེལ་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་ རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་མཐའ་ཡས་མཆོག་ རྗེ་མཁན་པོའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་བཞི་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ བླམ་ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། མི་དབང་མཆོག་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་བསྟན་འགྲོ་ལུ་ཕན་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་མཛད་གནང་བའི་ཤུལ་མ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༧༦ གནམ་ལོ་མེ་སྤྲེལ་གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ གདན་ས་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་སྦེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ར་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་པ་ གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
===== སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཚུལ་དང་སྐུ་ཡོན་སྦྱང་ཚུལ། དེ་ལས་ ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་ཚུལ་གྱི་སྐོར།	 =====
&lt;big&gt;གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༤༢ ཆུ་ཁྱི་གི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་སྦོན་སྦྱིས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ལོ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ལས་ར་ གོང་ས་མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོའི་སྐུ་སྐྱེས་སྦེ་ ངོས་འཛིན་འཁྲུལ་མེད་དུ་བསྒྲུབས་ཏེ་ གོང་ས་གོང་མའི་གདན་ས་རྟ་མགོ་ལུ་ གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྐུ་ཡོན་ཚུ་ཡང་ རྗེ་ཤཱཀྱ་རིན་ཆེན་དང་རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་མཐའ་ཡས། རྗེ་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱ་མཚོ། རྗེ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཚུ་ལས་ བསླབ་སྡོམ་དང་སྨིན་གྲོལ་གྱི་གདམས་ངག། གཞུང་རིག་གནས་བཅུ་ཚུ་ལུ་མཁས་པ་སྦྱངས་ནུག། རིམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་ སྐུ་ན་སྦོམ་ཐལ་ཏེ་ ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་ཚུགསཔ་འགྱོ་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ ༡༧༦༡ པའི་ལྕགས་སྦྲུལ་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་དང་པ་ དཔལ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༦༢ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གི་ཡང་སྲིད་ འབྲུག་སྒྲ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཡང་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོཔ་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་སྐུ་ཚབ་སྦེ་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བཞུགས་མི་ག་ཡང་མེདཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཤེས་རབ་དང་ རྗེ་ངག་དབང་ཕྲིན་ལས་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ གོང་ས་མཆོག་བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་ཁྲི་གཟུང་དགོ་པའི་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༦༣ ཆུ་ལུག་གི་ལོ་ལུ་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག། བླམ་ཁྲི་པའི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་གནང་བའི་ཤུལ་མ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་རིམ་བྱོན་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཆོས་སྲིད་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཕྱག་ལག་ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ར་གནང་རུང་ དགེ་བའི་བྱ་བ་ལས་མ་ལོག་པར་གནང་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་སློབ་ཚུ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་ཡོད་མི་མཛད་སྒོའི་རིམ་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་གཙོ་བོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྐྱོང་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་་མཛད་པ།	 =====
	
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་བདུན་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཀུན་དགའ་རིན་ཆེན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ར་གློ་བུར་དུ་གཤགས་སོཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་གཟུང་མི་མེདཔ་ལས་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་བཞི་པ་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ གྲྭ་ཚང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་པ་ཚུ་འཛོམས་ཐོག་ལས་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པའི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་བཞུགས་མི་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༧༦ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ས་སྐྱོང་གི་དྲིན་ཅན་གྱི་རིགས་བདག་ རྒྱལ་བ་ཤཱཀྱ་རིན་ཆེན་གྱི་གདན་ས་ ཕོ་ཇོ་སྡིངས་ཀྱི་གོང་འཕེལ་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ རྟ་མགོའི་རྫོང་ཉམས་ཆག་ཤོར་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ རྩ་བ་ལས་ར་གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གདན་ས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་གི་ཀུན་ར་ཡང་ ལེགས་བཅོས་མཛད་དེ་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་དང་ལྷ་ཁང་མགོན་པ། དེ་ལས་ མཆོད་རྟེན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ ཉམས་བཅོས་དང་གསར་བཞེངས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་ཡང་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ ༡༧༨༠ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྤུངས་ཐང་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཕོ་བྲང་འདི་རྩ་བ་ལས་ མེ་མཆོད་བཞེས་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ཡང་ རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པ་བཅས་གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== རྗེ་མཁན་གྱི་ཁྲི་མཁའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ། ===== 
	
&lt;big&gt;རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་བཞི་པ་རྗེ་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཐུགས་ཕམ་བྱུང་བའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༨༡ ལྕགས་གླང་གི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ར་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོཔ་ལས་ སྒྲ་སློབ་ཀུན་བཟང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ སྐྱབས་རྗེ་རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅོ་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ཡོད་རུང་ རང་ལུགས་གནམ་ལོ་ཤིང་འབྲུག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༨༤ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་མ་བདེ་བ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ མཁན་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བཞུགས་མི་མེད་པར་སྡོད་པའི་ནམ་དུས་ལུ་ དཔལ་ཤེས་རབ་སེང་གེ་མཆོག་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ནང་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་དྲུག་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
===== ཁྱིམ་ཚང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ། ===== 
	
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ རྒྱ་གཞུང་དང་བོད་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ཚོང་ལམ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་འདིའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱ་གཞུང་ལས་བོད་ལུ་འགྱོ་མི་དོ་དམ་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་རྒྱ་མི་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ར་འཐོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་གཞུང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་འདི་ སྔར་བ་ལྷགཔ་སྦེ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་པར་འགྱོ་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ ཆ་རོགས་དང་གྲོགས་རམ་མཛད་བྱིན་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱ་གཞུང་གིས་འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ ཚོང་ལམ་གྱི་ངོས་ལེན་མཛད་དགོ་པའི་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གིས་ཡང་ངོས་ལེན་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། འདི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཧེ་མ་རྒྱ་གཞུང་གིས་ དབང་ཡོད་མི་ འབྲུག་པའི་ས་ཆ་ཚུ་ལོག་བྱིན་དགོཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ག་ལུ་ཡང་རྒུད་མ་ཕོགཔ་མ་ཚད་ མཐུན་ལམ་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་ལུ་ཡང་ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་བྱུང་ཚུགས་པའི་མཐུན་ལམ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཟབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ཁྱིམ་ཚང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ གོརྵའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ས་ལུ་ཡང་ བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt; 
===== བསྟན་པ་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་མཛད་པ། ===== 
	
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༨༠ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་མེ་མཆོད་བཞེས་མི་འདི་ ལོག་གསར་བཞེངས་མཛདཔ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ བཀའ་དྲིན་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་རྣམ་རྗེས་དྲན་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ མཛད་བརྒྱ་དཔག་བསམ་འཁྲི་ཤིང་གི་ལོགས་བྲིས་ གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། གདན་ས་སྤུངས་ཐང་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཕོ་བྲང་ནང་ལུ་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོད་མི་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཐུབ་པའི་དབང་པོ་གི་མཐོང་གྲོལ་ གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་མི་གི་རབ་གནས་ཡང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་གཉིས་པ་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ མཁན་སློབ་འདུས་ཚོགས་ལུ་གནང་བཅུག་ནུག། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཀུན་མཁྱེན་པདྨ་དཀར་པོ་གི་བཀའ་འབུམ་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ཅིག་ གསར་སྐྲུན་གྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཡང་ དབུ་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་དང་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ ཡང་སྲིད་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གི་ངོས་འཛིན་ཚུ་མཛད་དེ་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ===== 
	
&lt;big&gt;ས་སྐྱོང་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་མཆོག་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ ལོ་བཅུ་གསུམ་དེ་ཅིག་ལངས་མི་ནང་ཟིང་དང་ བླ་མའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ ཆགས་སྡང་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་ ཐུགས་བསུན་ཏེ་ཞེན་པ་ལོག་པའི་ཁར་ ལྷ་དང་བླ་མའི་ལུང་བསྟན་ཡང་བབས་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༨༩ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཚུ་གིས་ཞུ་བ་ནན་བསྐྱར་ཞུ་རུང་ གསན་མ་བཏུབ་པར་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
===== དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་མའི་མཛད་པ། ===== 
	
&lt;big&gt;མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་སྐྱེས་འཁྲུལ་བ་མེདཔ་སྦེ་བསྒྲུབས་མི་ གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ ཙཱ་རི་ལུ་གནས་གཟིགས་པར་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ལོག་སྟེ་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ བསམ་ཡས་མཆིམས་ཕུ་ལུ་ ཐུགས་དམ་གནང་བཞུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༨༩ དགོངས་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་སུ་ཐིམ་སོ་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;


=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་དགུ་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པའི་སྐོར། ==== 
		
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ཝང་སི་སི་ཟེར་སའི་གཡུས་ཚན་ནང་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ཁོ་འཁྲུངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ མཚན་འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ཁོ་ར་ གཏེར་སན་ཤེས་རབ་མེ་འབར་ལས་ དགེ་བསྙེན་ཡོངས་རྫོགསཀྱི་སྡོམ་པ་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་མ་ མཚན་ སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཟེར་ཞུ་གསོལ་དར་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒོར་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་རྣམ་གཞག་ལུ་ སྦྱང་བ་ཚུད་སོཔ་ལས་ གཞུང་གི་ཕྱག་འགན་མང་ཤོས་ར་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་བློ་རྒྱུས། 	 ====
&lt;big&gt;རང་ལུགས་གནམ་ལོ་ས་བྱ་ཟླཝ་ ༡༡ པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༨༩ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་གིས་ ཐུགས་ཐག་རང་བཅད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་སྤངས་བའི་ཤུལ་མ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བགྲེསཔ་བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་གཏོགས་ཚུ་གིས་ དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་ལུ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་གནང་དགོ་པའི་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལཝ་ད་ རྗེ་ཤེས་རབ་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱིས་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་མཛད་ནི་ལུ་གསན་མ་བཏུབ་པར་ དབང་འདུས་རྫོང་ལས་ ཟིང་འཁྲུག་ལོང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་དང་ ཟིང་འཁྲུག་ཤུགས་སྦེ་ར་ལངས་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བགྲེསཔ་གི་ཕྱོགས་གཏོགས་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁ་འཐོབ་མ་ཚུགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་འབྱོན་ཚུགས་མི་ ནུས་ཤུགས་ཅན་ག་ཡང་མེད་མིལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་གྱི་རྒས་ཤོས་ཚུ་གིས་ ལོག་ཅི་ར་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ རྗེ་ཤེས་རབ་བསྟན་འཛིན་དང་ དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ཐུགས་ཐག་བཅད་དེ་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་ (འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་) འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༨༩ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་སྦེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་དགུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
	
&lt;big&gt;སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ དང་པ་ར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ ནང་ཟིང་བྱུང་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ཕྱི་སེལ་རྐྱབ་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་ཏེ་ བསམ་སྦྱོར་མཐུན་མི་འགོ་དཔོན་ཙང་ཙ་མ་གཏོགས་ མ་མཐུན་མི་ཚུ་ག་ར་རྩ་མེད་བཏང་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་སྐབས་ཅིག་ཞི་བར་སྐྱོང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== ནང་རྟེན་གསར་བཞེངས་དང་སྦྱིན་བདག་མཛད་པའི་སྐོར། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ད་ རྗེ་ཤེས་རབ་སེང་གེ་ལས་ དགེ་བསྙེན་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ཀྱི་སྡོམ་པ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཧེ་མ་རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་མཐའ་ཡས་ཀྱི་ལཱ་འཕྲོ་ལུས་ཡོད་མི་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ནང་གི་གསེར་ཟངས་ཀྱི་བདེ་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་བསྙེན་འདི་ བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་ཐོག་ལས་ མཇུག་བསྡུ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ མདོ་སྡེ་བྲག་ལུ་ གསེར་ཟངས་ཀྱི་སྟོན་པའི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འབྲས་ལ་ལུ་ དུས་གསུམ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ ཐོག་གཉིས་འབད་མི་ཅིག་ཡང་གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཧེ་མ་ལས་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་དང་གླང་དཀར་པོ་མགོན་པ་ལུ་ བཀའ་འགྱུར་དང་བསྟན་འགྱུར་ཡོད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ ཁ་གསལ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་་མེདཔ་ལས སྡེ་པ་ཁོ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བཀའ་འགྱུར་དང་བསྟན་འགྱུར་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ རྗེ་ཤཱཀྱ་རིན་ཆེན་གྱི་གདན་ས་གི་དར་རྒྱས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ རྗེ་ཁོ་རའི་ལུང་བསྟན་དང་བཀའ་སློབ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ ཕ་ཇོ་སྡིངས་ལུ་སྦེ་ འོག་མིན་གཉིས་པ་ཟེར་བའི་ལྷ་ཁང་ཅིག་ གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ ༡༧༩༡ པའི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཕྲིན་ལས་རབ་རྒྱས་ལུ་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ བཀའ་འགྱུར་གྱི་ལུང་གནང་བའི་འཕྲོ་ལུ་ར་ གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ཕེབས་རནམ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ ལུང་གནང་མི་ལས་གཙོས་པའི་ཆོས་ཞུ་མི་ག་ར་ལུ་ བྱིན་བདག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐོར། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་གིས་སྦྱིན་བདག་མཛད་ཐོག་ལས་ བཀའ་འགྱུར་གྱི་ལུང་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་གཟུགས་ལུ་ བསྙུང་གཞི་བཞེས་ཏེ་ སྨན་བཅོས་དང་རིམ་གྲོ་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་འབད་རུང་ ཕན་མ་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཁོ་གི་ཚབ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་རའི་སྐུ་ཚ་བོ་ གཟིམ་དཔོན་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བཏོན་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༩༢ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།།&lt;/big&gt;


=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་པ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་པ། ==== 
	
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཉི་ཤུ་པ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ཝང་སི་སི་ན་ལུ་ ཡབ་རྒེད་པོ་དཀར་པོའི་སྲས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ ཁོང་ར་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་གིས་ ཁོ་གི་མཚན་ བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཟེར་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ལས་ར་ ཁོ་རའི་ཨ་ཁུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་རྣམ་གཞག་ལུ་ མཁས་པ་སྦྱངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཤུལ་མ་སྡེ་པ་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་འདི་ གོང་གཟིམ་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་བློ་རྒྱུས། ==== 
	
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་བཅུ་དགུ་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ སྐུ་བསྙུངས་ཏེ་ སྨན་བཅོཤ་དང་རིམ་གྲོ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ ཕན་ཐོགས་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ སྤྱི་ལོ ༡༧༩༢ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་པ་ཁོ་རའི་སྐུ་ཚབ་སྦེ་ ཁོ་གི་སྐུ་ཚ་བོ་གོང་གཟིམ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་འདི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཉི་ཤུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ ཨ་ཁུ་ཞིང་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ ཆགས་སྡང་དང་ཕྱོགས་རིས་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ འདི་ལུ་ངོས་ལེན་མ་འབད་བར་ དབུ་མཛད་སྐྱབས་ཁྲ་པ་ཡང་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་དེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་ཁར་ ཁོང་གཉིས་བཞུགས་དགོཔ་ཐོན་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། 	 ====
&lt;big&gt;གོང་གཟིམ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ དང་པ་ར་ ཆོས་ལུགས་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་མི་ སྐྱབས་རྗེའི་སྐུ་ཚབ་མཛད་མི་ རྡོར་སློབ་མེདཔ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༩༢ ཀྱི་ལོ་ནང་ གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ དཀྱིལ་སློབ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ རྡོར་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གོང་མ་ཚུ་གི་བཀའ་དྲིན་ལས་ གོརྵ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གོརྵའི་དམག་སྡེ་ཚུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༨༧ ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༩༡ ཚུན་ བོད་དམག་ལུ་འགྱོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ གོརྵའི་དམག་འདི་ ལྷ་ས་ལུ་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ བོད་དམག་གིས་ རྒྱ་ནག་ལས་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ལེན་ཏེ་ བོད་དམག་ཕམ་མ་ཚུགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ གོརྵའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་ལུ་ཡང་ཉེན་ཁ་སྦོམ་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལུ་ ནང་འགྲིག་འབད་བར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལས་ སྡེ་པ་ཁོང་གི་སྐུ་ཚབ་སྦེ་ དྲུང་ཆེན་བཏང་སྟེ་ ནང་འགྲིག་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ མཐུན་འབྲེལ་སྦོམ་ར་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་གིས་མ་ཚད་ བོད་དང་གོརྵ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ དམག་འཁྲུག་ལངམ་ད་ བོད་ཀྱི་འབྲས་ལྗོངས་ལས་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ལེན་ཏེ་ དམག་འཁྲུག་ལང་བའི་སྐབས་ འབྲས་ལྗོངས་ཀྱི་ས་ཆ་གོརྵ་ལུ་ཤོར་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ཡང་ ལོག་སྟེ་འབྲས་ལྗོངས་ལུ་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཆིངས་འགྲིག་ཡང་བཟོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པ་ལུ་བསྙེན་བཀུར། 	 ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་དང་ རང་དབང་ལུ་གཙོ་བོ་བཏོན་མི་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ ཆོས་ལུ་ཡང་ དད་པ་སྦོམ་ཡོད་མི་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས། དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེའི་ནང་ལས་ དང་པ་ར་ སྤུ་ན་རྫོང་ནང་གི་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་གོས་སྐུ་མཐོང་གྲོལ་གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རབ་གནས་ཡང་རྒྱས་ཤིང་རྒྱསཔ་མཛད་དེ་ སྤུ་ན་རྫོང་ལུ་ རྩིས་སྤྲོད་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ བདེ་མཆོག་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་གསེར་ཟངས་ལས་བསྒྲུབས་མི་ཅིག་ སྤུ་ན་རྫོང་གི་བླ་མ་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་གི་ནང་རྟེན་སྦེ་གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་གིས་མ་དོ་བར་ བླམ་རྩ་ཅན་དཔལ་ཤེས་རབ་སེང་གེ་མཆོག་ ན་ལནྡ་ལུ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་མི་འདི་ཡང་ སྐུ་གདུང་འབྲུག་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ དགོངས་རྫོགས་རྒྱས་པར་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱིས་འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་ལས་ ངོས་འཛིན་འཁྲིལ་མེདཔ་སྦེ་བསྒྲུབས་ཏེ་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་སྐོར། ==== 
		
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དབུ་མཛད་སྐྱབས་ཁྲ་པ་གཉིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་སྦེ་བཞུགས་པའི་བར་སྐབས་ཅིག་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དབུ་མཛད་སྐུ་བསྙུངས་ཏེ་གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་པའི་ཁར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཁོ་ར་ཡང་ ནང་ཟིང་བྱུང་མི་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ ཐུགས་ཕམ་སྟེ་ཟུར་བཞུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་སྤངས་བའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་ཟུར་བཞུགས་མཛད་ཡོད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་ནི་འདི་ བཀོ་མ་བཞག་པར་ ཀུན་མཁྱེན་པདྨ་དཀར་པོ་གི་བཀའ་འབུམ་ཆོས་ཚན་ཆ་ཚང་ཅིག་ པར་བརྐོ་བའི་སྐབས་ སྦྱིན་བདག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཤུལ་མ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་མེ་མཆོད་ཐེངས་གཉིས་པ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ བསྐྱར་བཞེངས་མཛད་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་གི་འཛམ་གླིང་དགའ་ཚལ་ཕོ་བྲང་ཉམས་ཆག་ཤོར་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ཡང་ བསྐྱར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་སྟེ་ མིང་ཡང་བསོད་ནམས་དགའ་ཚལ་ཟེར་བཏགས་གནང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ ནང་ཟིང་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་ཟུར་བཞུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོད་རུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༣ ཟུར་བཞུགས་མཛད་དེ་ ལོ་བརྒྱད་ལངས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་གསུམ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གཅིག་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་དབུ་མཛད་སྐྱབས་ཁྲ་པའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་དབུ་མཛད་སྐྱབས་ཁྲ་པ་མཆོག་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་སྐྱབས་ཁྲ་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་དུས་སྐབས་ལས་ སྐུ་ཡོན་དང་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཆོས་གསུམ་གྱི་སྦྱང་བ་ཚུ་དང་ དཀྱིལ་ཆོག་གི་དབྱངས་ཐིག་གར་གསུམ་ཚུ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་འདུས་སྡེ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་མཐར་ཕྱིན་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་དབུ་མཛད་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༩༢ ཟླཝ་ ༡༢ པའི་ནང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༡༩ པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ སྐུ་བསྙུངས་ཏེ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུཝ་ད་ ཁོ་རའི་སྐུ་ཚ་བོ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ ༢༠ པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཟླཝ་དག་པ་ཅིག་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་སྟེ་བཞུགས་པའི་མཐའ་མ་གཤགས་སོཔ་ལས་ ཕྱོགས་རིས་ཅན་ཚུ་གིས་དབུ་མཛད་སྐྱབས་ཁྲ་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གཅིག་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག&lt;/big&gt;།
  
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་རྣམ་དང་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་དབུ་མཛད་སྐྱབས་ཁྲ་པ་དང་ བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གཉིས་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་སྦེ་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་མཛད་དེ་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ལོ་གསུམ་དེ་ཅིག་བཞུགས་ཡོད་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དབུ་མཛད་སྐྱབས་ཁྲ་པའི་མཛད་པ་ལོགས་སུ་ཅིག་བཀོད་ཡོད་མི་འདི་མཇལ་སར་མིན་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;

རྡོ་རྗེ་སློབ་དཔོན་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ གདན་ས་མདོ་སྡེ་བྲག་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དབུ་མཛད་སྐྱབས་ཁྲ་པ་མཆོག་ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ལུ་ སྐུ་བསྙུངས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་གསན་ཏེ་ རྡོ་རྗེ་སློབ་དཔོན་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སྐུ་རིམ་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་ཡོད་རུང་ དྲག་མ་བཏུབ་པར་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གཉིས་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་གོང་གཟིམ་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉིར་གཉིས་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་གོང་གཟིམ་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ནང་གསེས་སྨད་ཝང་དར་ལུང་ཁ་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒར་གྲལ་ལུ་ཞུགས་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་དང་ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་རིང་ལུགས་ཚུ་ཆོས་རྗེ་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒར་ལྟོའི་གྲལ་ཁར་ཞུགས་ཏེ་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ མཐར་ཕྱིནམ་སྦེ་སྦྱངས་ནུག། གཞུང་གི་ལས་སྡེ་ནང་ལས་ གཞུང་ཞབས་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ གོ་གནས་ཚུ་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་ གོམ་པ་ཡར་འཛེགས་ཏེ་ གོང་གཟིམ་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
 
འབྲུག་ལུ་ནང་འཁྲུག་གི་རྐྱེན་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཟུར་བཞུགས་སྦེ་སྡོད་དགོཔ་བྱུངམ་ལས་ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༡༤༩ རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་གསུམ་པའི་ས་ལུག་ལུ་ གོང་གཟིམ་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་གཉིས་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ཕེབས་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་ཚར་བའི་མཐའ་མར་ རྫོང་གཞིས་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གི་ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་གོང་མའི་རྣམ་ཐར་ཚུ་དང་ རྣམ་དཀར་གྱི་དགེ་ཚོགས་གཞན་ལས་ཁྱད་དུ་འཕགསཔ་སྦེ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ བརྒྱད་སྟོང་པ་དང་རྒྱ་ཆེ་རོལ་པ། གསོ་བ་རིག་པའི་རྩ་རྒྱུད་དང་བཤད་རྒྱུད། གུ་རུའི་བཀའ་ཐང་གསེར་འཕྲེང་མ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གསུང་རབ་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ པར་ཤིང་སྦེ་བརྐོ་སྟེ་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་འགྲོ་དོན་བསྐྱངས་གནང་ནུག། ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ པར་ཤིང་དེ་ཚུ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ཐང་རྫོང་ནང་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ཤུལ་མ་བསོད་ནམས་དགའ་ཚལ་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ ཁྲི་ཟུར་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ རྡོ་རྗེ་སློབ་དཔོན་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ མཁན་རབས་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་པའི་ཁྲི་དར་ལེགས་སྨོན་དང་བཅསཔ་སྦེ་ཕུལ་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་བདུན་པ་བྱམས་མགོན་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ ཟླཝ་ ༥ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༣ ལུ་ མཁན་ཁྲི་ལས་ཟུར་བཞུགས་སྦེ་སྡོད་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། &lt;br&gt;

སྤུང་ཐང་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཕོ་བྲང་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༨༠ ལུ་ མེ་རྐྱེན་ཐེངས་དང་པ་བཞེས་པའི་སྐབས་ གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་གིས་ལོག་བཞེངས་ཡོད་རུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༩༨ ཟླཝ་ ༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༩ ལུ་མེ་མཆོད་ཐེངས་གཉིས་པ་བཞེས་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ རྗེ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་ལས་ ནང་རྟེན་གྱི་རིགས་ཚུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་པ་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ ཁྲི་ཟུར་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ཡང་རྒྱབ་རྟེན་སྦོམ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་བསྒྲུབས་སྟོན་རབ་གནས་ཀྱི་དགའ་སྟོན་ཡང་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་གིས་ ངག་དབང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་གདན་ས་ གླང་དཀར་མཐོང་གྲོལ་དགའ་ཚལ་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གསརཔ་བཞེངས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བཀུར་སྟི་དང་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་འབྲུག་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་གདན་ས་ ཁུ་བྱུག་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་ཕོ་བྲང་འདི་ ལོག་གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ ཡོངས་འཛིན་མཁན་ཆེན་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ལས་ སྨིན་གྲོལ་གདམས་ངག་བཞུགས་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་པ་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ བསྙེན་བཀུར་དང་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་རྩ་བའི་བླམ་སྦེ་བསྟེན་གནང་ནུག།  &lt;br&gt;

ས་སྐྱོང་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ རིལ་སྒྲུབ་ཆེན་མོ་བཙུགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མཁན་ཆེན་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ལུ་ གསོལཝ་བཏབ་སྟེ་ དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་ཀྱིས་དགུང་ཞག་བཅུ་ཕྲག་གི་བར་ན་ བདེ་ཆོག་དུང་ཕྱུར་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་པ་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ཁྲི་ཟུར་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ མི་ངན་ཚུ་གིས་ཐུགས་སྣང་མ་མཐུནམ་བཟོ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ རྗེ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ཟིང་འཁྲུག་ལང་མ་བཅུག་པར་ ཐེངས་གཅིག་ཞི་བར་འཇོམས་ཡོད་རུང་ ལོག་ཟིང་འཁྲུག་ལང་པའི་སྐབས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཟུར་གྱིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་པ་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་བཀྲོངས་ད་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་དམ་པའི་མཛད་པ་ཟུར་ཙམ་སྟོན་ཏེ་ ལོ་ངོ་བཞི་དེམ་ཅིག་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གསུམ་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ།་(བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན) ===
  
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གསུམ་པ་མཆོག་ གཡུས་ཝང་སི་སི་ཕྱུག་མོའི་མི་ཚན་ནང་ རྒེད་པོ་དཀར་པོའི་སྲས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་མཚན་ལུ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ཤུལ་མ་ཞབས་དྲུང་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་གསུམ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ མཚན་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ཨ་ཁུ་སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་ འབྲུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་ལུ་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་་ལས་ར་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་ ཤུལ་མ་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ཡང་གོང་གཟིམ་གྱི་གོ་གནས་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;

རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༡༤༢ པ་རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་གསུམ་པའི་སྐབས་ མི་དབང་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་སྡེད་པའི་བར་ན་ ཨ་ཁུ་གཤགས་པའི་མཐའ་མར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༩༦  ལུ་ ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་པ་སྦེ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ ནང་འཁྲུག་བྱུང་སྟེ་ལོ་ངོ་ ༧ གྱི་རིང་ལུ་ ཟུར་བཞུགས་སྦེ་བཞུགས་དགོཔ་ཐོན་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་མ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་པ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གཉིས་པ་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༣ ་ལུ་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ལང་པའི་སྐབས་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གསུམ་པ་སྦེ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༣ ཆུ་ཕག་ཟླཝ་ ༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༨ ལུ་ མི་ངན་ཚུ་གིས་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་གདན་ས་འདི་ མེ་དཔགས་གཏངམ་ལས་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་འདི་མེ་མཆོད་ཐེངས་གསུམ་པ་བཞེས་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁར་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ ཟླ་ངོ་གཅིག་གི་བར་ན་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་ཨིན་པས། མེའི་འཇིགས་པ་གིས་གདན་ས་མེ་རྐྱེན་ཤོར་ཡོད་རུང་ འདི་འཕྲོ་ལས་བསྐྱར་བཞེངས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ལོ་ངོ་གཅིག་གི་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

མཁན་ཆེན་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ སྤུང་ཐང་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པའི་ཕོ་བྲང་མེ་རྐྱེན་ཐེངས་གཉིས་པ་བཞེས་པའི་སྐབས་ ནང་རྟེན་འདི་ཚུ་ཐུགས་རྩོལ་ཆེན་པོའི་སྒོ་ལས་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་པའི་མཐའ་མ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༣  ལུ་ ད་རུང་མེ་རྐྱེན་ཐེངས་གསུམ་པ་ཤོརཝ་ལས་ ཐུགས་ཕམ་པའི་ཤུགས་ཀྱིས་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག། ཁྲི་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པའི་ཡོངས་འཛིན་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་མཁན་ཆེན་བཅུ་དགུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་གི་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༣ ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༥ ཚུན་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་གུར་ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་ཞུ་ཡོད་རུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ་ ༡༨༠༥ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་འབྱོན་ནི་རནམ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་དགོན་པར་འབྱོན་ནི་སྦེ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ ཉིནམ་དག་པ་ཅིག་གི་རྒྱབ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཤུགས་སྦེ་བསྙུངས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ སྐུ་རིམ་ཟློག་ཐབས་ཚུ་ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ཅིག་འབད་རུང་ཕན་མ་ཐོགས་པར་ སྐུ་ཚེ་ལུ་བར་ཆད་བྱུང་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་བཞི་པ་ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ གཡུས་ཝང་སི་སི་ཟེར་ས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ཁོ་རའི་ཨ་ཞང་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་པ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ མཚན་གཞན་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་གི་སྒྲིག་ལུ་བཞུགས་བཅུག་ནུག། ཤུལ་ལས་ ཨ་ཞང་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ ཚ་བོ་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་ནི་དང་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་གི་སྦྱང་བ་ཐོབ་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;

སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གསུམ་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༥ ཟླཝ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་སྦེ་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་ཕུལ་ཡོད་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཟུར་བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ཟླཝ་དག་པ་ཅིག་གི་རྒྱབ་ལས་གཤགས་སོ་ནུག། དེ་འབད་བ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༥ རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་ལུ་གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ད་ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་བཞི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
  
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཏེ་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༦ ལུ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་པ་ཚ་ཕུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ངོ་རྒོལ་འབད་དེ་གཞུང་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་དམག་རྐྱབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ གཞུང་གིས་ཆོས་རྩེ་པ་ཚ་ཕུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་འཐོབ་མ་ཚུགས་པས། དེ་འབད་བ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ དམག་འདི་གིས་ ཚེ་སྲོག་ལུ་གནོད་སྐྱོན་མ་བྱུང་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྐྱིད་ཉམས་སྐྱོང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ཟུར་བཞུགས་དང་ དབུ་མཛད་སྤ་གྲོ་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བཏོན་ནི་སྦེ་གྲོས་འཆར་ཕུལཝ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ལོ་གཅིག་མཛད་པའི་མཐའ་མ་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་མའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས། ====
&lt;big&gt;ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གསུམ་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ གནམ་དགུན་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་བ་ལིང་རིན་ཆེན་ཁང་བཟང་དང་ གནམ་བྱཱ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཝང་ཀུན་བཟང་བདེ་ཆེན་གྱི་དགོན་པ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ཐུགས་དམ་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་ལྔ་པ་ས་སྐྱང་མི་དབང་དབུ་མཛད་སྤ་གྲོ་པ། ===
  
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་དབུ་མཛད་སྤ་གྲོ་པ་མཆོག་ སྤ་རོ་དོལ་ཕུ་ཟེར་ས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཟེར་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག་ (ཀརྨ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་མཛད་པའི་རྒྱལ་རབ་ནང་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།) སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་གདན་ས་བཟུང་སྟེ་ གཞུང་གྲྭ་ཚང་ལུ་བཞུགས་སྦེ་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་དང་འབྲི་ཀློག་ དབྱངས་ཐིག་གར་གསུམ་གྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཚུ་མཐར་འཁྱོལཝ་ལས་ གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་དབུ་མཛད་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་བཞི་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༦) ལུ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚ་ཕུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ངོ་རྒོལ་འབད་དེ་ གཞུང་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ དམག་རྐྱབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ གཞུང་གི་ཆོས་རྩེ་པ་ཚ་ཕུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་འཐོབ་མ་ཚུགས་པས། དེ་འབད་བ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ དམག་དེ་གི་སྦེ་ཚེ་སྲོག་ལུ་གནོད་སྐྱོན་མ་བྱུང་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྐྱིད་ཉམས་སྐྱོང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ཟུར་བཞུགས་དང་ ཤུལ་ལས་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཉེར་བཞི་པ་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་མཐའ་མ་ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༡༥༦ པ་རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་གསུམ་ལུ་ དབུ་མཛད་སྤ་གྲོ་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁརབྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་ལྔ་པ་ཁྲི་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༧ ཟླཝ་ ༣ པའི་ནང་ གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་མཆོག་གི་གདན་ས་ རྟ་ལོག་གསང་སྔགས་གླིང་འདི་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་ཕུལ་ནུག། དེའི་ལོ་ནང་ལུ་ར་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚ་ཕུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ སྤ་གྲོ་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཏེ་ ལོ་ལངས་རུང་ཉན་མ་བཏུབ་པར་ ཐིམ་གཞུང་ལུ་ངོ་རྒོལ་འབདཝ་འབད་སར་སྡོད་ནུག། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཞི་བདེའི་དོན་ལུ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པའི་གོ་གནས་གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་དབུ་མཛད་སྤ་གྲོ་པ་དང་ བོད་འགྲོལཔ་དང་པ་ཚེ་རིང་དབང་ཆེན་གྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་སྐུ་ཞབས་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་གཉིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མི་ངོམ་གཉིས་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་སྦེ་གསོལ་གནང་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ངོ་རྒོལ་ཚར་གཅིག་ཞི་སོ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༧ ལུ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་དགུ་པ་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་མཐའ་མ་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་དང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༨ ཟླཝ་ ༡ པའི་ནང་སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ཟིང་འཁྲུག་བྱུངམ་ལས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ སྐུ་ཞབས་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབང་ཚད་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་སྟེ་ དབུ་མཛད་སྤ་གྲོ་པ་མཆོག་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་བཅུག་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་དྲུག་པ་གོང་གཟིམ་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་དྲུག་པ་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་མཆོག་ འཁྲུངས་ཡུལ་བོད་ལས་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཚན་བོད་པ་ཆོས་གྲགས་ཟེར་ཡང་སློབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དཔེ་ཆ་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ནང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་སྐུ་ཡོན་མཁས་མཆོག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ བླ་མ་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་ཟེར་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག། ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་གོང་གཟིམ་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་གི་གཏན་བཞུགས་སྐུ་ཚབ་སྦེ་མཛད་མི་འདི་གི་སྐུ་སྐྱེས་ཨིན་པས། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ མཚན་ཡང་གོང་ས་ཆོས་ཀྱི་གྲགས་པ་ཟེར་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཡར་སོ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྡེ་སྲིད་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས སྐུ་ཚེ་སྔ་མའི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ཚུ་ནང་ གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ རྟ་མགོའི་གདན་ས་ལུསྐུ་ཡོན་བཞེས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༧ ལུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ ངག་དབང་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ མཚན་གཞན་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་གཉིས་ བོད་གངས་ཅན་ལུ་གནས་གཟིགས་ལུ་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ལོག་འབྱོནམ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་མཆོག་ཡང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་རྣམ་པ་གཉིས་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་འབྲུག་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༧ ལུ་གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ད་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚ་ཕུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ སྤ་གྲོ་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཏེ་ལོ་ལངས་སོ་རུང་ ཉན་མ་བཏུབ་པར་ ཐིམ་གཞུང་ལུ་ངོ་རྒོལ་འབདཝ་འབད་སར་སྡོད་ནུག། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཞི་བདེའི་དོན་ལུ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པའི་གོ་གནས་ཁར་ གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་འདི་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་དབུ་མཛད་སྤ་གྲོ་པ་དང་ བོད་འགྲོལཔ་དང་པ་ ཚེ་རིང་དབང་ཆེན་གྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་ སྐུ་ཞབས་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་གཉིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མི་ངོམ་གཉིས་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་སྦེ་གསོལ་གནང་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་འདི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་དྲུག་པ་སྦེ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༨ ཟླཝ་ ༡ པའི་ནང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ནང་ཟིང་བྱུངམ་ལས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ སྐུ་ཞབས་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབང་ཚད་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་སྟེ་ དབུ་མཛད་སྤ་གྲོ་པ་མཆོག་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་བཅུག་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༨ ལུ་ ཆོས་སྐྱོང་རྒྱལ་ཆེན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁང་ གསར་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ གདན་ས་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་སྦེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་དཔལ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ སྐུལ་མ་ཞུ་དོན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་བཀའ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་ལྔ་པ་ ཤེས་རབས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁང་གསར་བཟོ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ལཱ་ཚུ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ དཔལ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཡོངས་བསྒྲུབས་ཀྱི་རབ་གནས་ཚུ་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༡༣ པ་ རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་མཐའ་ཡས་མཆོག་གི་གདན་ས་ མདོ་སྡེ་བྲག་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་གསེར་ཏོག་ཆེན་པོ་ འདི་ཡང་བྲག་སྟེང་ལུ་བཀལ་ནུག། གདན་ས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ནང་ རྒྱལ་ཆེན་སྡེ་བཞི་དང་གནས་བདག་གི་སྐུ་བརྙན་ཚུ་བཞེངས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དགེ་འདུན་པའི་གདན་ས་ཀུན་དགའ་ར་བ་ཡང་ ཚོན་བཏང་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་མཆོག་གིས་ཤེས་རབ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ས་དམར་རྫིང་ཁའི་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་བསྐྱར་བཞེངས་དང་ལེགས་བཅོས་ཀྱི་ལཱ་ཚུ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ བསྒྲུབས་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ རབ་གནས་ཡང་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ རྒྱལ་ལྟག་དྲུང་པ་བགྲེསཔ་ནོར་བུ་རིན་ཆེན་གྱིས་ཕུང་དཀྲུགས་ཏེ་ ཟིང་འཁྲུག་ལངསམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༨ ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་གིས་སྡེ་སྲིད་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་འདི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་བཏང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

 
=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་བདུན་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
  
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བདུན་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༩༠ ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་མཚན་ཡང་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་པ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ལས བསླབ་བྱ་དམ་ཚིག་དང་སྡོམ་པ་ཚུ་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་མ་ མཚན་ལུ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཟེར་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག། ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ མང་སྡེ་བོན་སྦིས་ཆོས་རྗེའི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ལུ་ངོས་འཛིན་གྲུབ་སྟེ་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་མ་ མཁན་ཆེན་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ ཡོངས་འཛིན་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ། ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ། དེ་ལས་ གསུང་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཚུ་ལས་ སྐུ་ཡོན་དང་སྨིན་གྲོལ་གདམས་ངག་ཚུ་གསན་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ མི་ཕམ་དབང་པོའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་ཀྱི་ནང་བློན་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་ཡང་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་དགུང་ལོ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་བཞེས་པའི་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༧ ལོ་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་ ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་བོད་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག།  ལོག་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ད་ ཡང་སྲིད་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་མཆོག་ སྡེ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག།  &lt;br&gt;
སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་དྲུག་པ་ པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་དང་ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ མི་ངན་ཚུ་གིས་དཀྲོགས་པའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ དུས་མིན་རྐྱེན་ལམ་དུ་བཏང་ད་ནུག། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་ མཁན་སློབ་འདུས་ཚོགས་དང་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་ཁྲི་དང་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་སྦེ་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་བརྩམས་ཡོད་པའི་ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་དང་འཁྲིལ་ དགེ་འདུན་གསོལ་ཐབ་ཀྱི་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ཅིག་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ཚུལ་བཞིན་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ལུ་ཡང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 
 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ====
&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་བསྟན་འགྲོ་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་དགོཔ་ཡོད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ནང་འཁྲུག་ལུ་ཐུགས་བསུན་ཏེ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་སྤངས་ཏེ་ མགོན་པ་ལུ་འབྱོན་ནིའི་ཐུགས་བསམ་བཞེས་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་དང་དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཚུ་གིས་ ཁོ་གི་ཚབ་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་བཀལ་ནི་སྦེ་ སྤང་དཀར་པོ་མགོན་པ་ལས་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་པ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་གིས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་བཞུགས་སར་བཅར་ཏེ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་བཞེས་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་ཞུ་རུང་ གསན་མ་བཏུབ་རུང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གི་རྒྱལ་བློན་མཁན་སློབ་ཚུ་གིས་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ གཅིག་ཁར་ཞུ་ནི་སྦེ་བཅའ་སྒྲིག་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཡང་ཁྱབ་སོ་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ བཅའ་སྒྲིག་རྐྱབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པའི་དར་དཔོན་གྱི་གཙོས་པའི་ནང་བློན་ཚུ་མ་ཚུདཔ་ལས་ ཁོང་གིས་ངོས་ལེན་མ་མཛདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དམག་གི་བཅའ་སྒྲིག་ཡང་རྐྱབ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ནངས་པ་དྲོ་པ་ཟེརཝ་ད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ གསོལ་ཇ་དང་ཉིན་མའི་གསོལཝ་བཞེས་ཚར་རུང་ གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་བར་ག་ཡང་མ་ལྷོདཔ་ལས་ ཐུགས་ཕམ་སྟེ་ མགོན་པ་ལུ་ལོག་འབྱོན་ནིའི་ཐུགས་ཐག་བཅད་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རང་གི་ཕོ་རྒནམ་ ངག་དབང་ཕུན་ཚོགས་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་གཟིམ་སྒརཔ་བཞི་བཅུ་དང་ ཆུ་བྲག་པའི་མི་གྲངས་བཞི་བཅུ། སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་འཁོར་བཅས་ཀྱིས་ གཞུང་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༧ ས་སྦྲུལ་ཟླཝ་ ༣ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ གི་ཕྱི་རུ་ལས་དམག་རྐྱབ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། དམག་རྐྱབ་ད་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་པའི་དམག་ཚུ་ཕངམ་སོཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་པ་བྱོག་འགྱོ་ནིའི་བྱོག་ལམ་འཚོལ་མ་ཐོབ་པར་ སྒོ་སྒྲིག་ནང་ལས་ཐོན་སོང་སྟེ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ལས་སྲོག་སྐྱབས་ཞུ་བར་ཐོན་སོ་ནུག། ཤུལ་ལས་ དགེ་འདུན་གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཅིག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛདནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
 
==== དགོངསམ་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ རྟ་མགོ་ལུ་ཐུགས་དམ་གནང་སྟེ་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཤུལ་མ་ རྗེ་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཞིང་ཕེབས་ཀྱི་པུར་སྦྱང་གི་ཚོགས་དབུ་དང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལྷ་མོའི་ཆོ་ག་གི་ཚོགས་དབུ་སྦེ་ཞུཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ དབུ་བཞུགས་མཛད་གནང་བའི་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༣༠ དགུང་ལོ་བཞི་བཅུ་ཞེ་གསུམ་བཞེས་པའི་ལྕགས་སྟག་ལུ་ དགོངས་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་ལུ་ཐིམ་སོ་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་བརྒྱད་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༡༣༡ པ་རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་གསུམ་པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༨༡ ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་མིཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ ལྷོ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཝང་ཡུལ་ཁ་གསར་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་ལུ་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཟེར་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཤེས་རབ་སེང་གེ་ལས་ བསླབ་ཚིགས་སྔ་མ་གཉིས་དང་ སྨིན་གྲོལ་གྱི་གདམས་ངག་ཚུ་གསན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ཁོ་རའི་རྩ་བའི་བླ་མ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ལས་ བསླབ་ཚིགས་ཕྱི་མ་གི་གཙོས་མདོ་སྔགས་ཀྱི་གཞུང་ཚུ་ཡང་སྦྱང་བ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།   &lt;br&gt;
སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བརྒྱད་པ་ ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༩༦ ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གཅིག་པ་འབྲུག་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་དབུ་བླར་བཟུང་སྟེ་ སྦྱིན་བདག་མཛད་དེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བདུན་པ་ ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་དང་ ཇོ་ཤཱཀྱ་རྣམ་གཉིས་དང་མཉམ་གཅིག་ བོད་གངས་ཅན་གྱི་རྟེན་དང་གནས་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཚུ་གཟིགས་པར་བྱོན་ཏེ་ བསྟན་འགྲོའི་དོན་ལུ་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ ཐུགས་སྨོན་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཁྲི་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་ལྔ་པ་དབུ་མཛད་སྤ་གྲོ་པ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་རབས་ཉེར་དྲུག་པ་གོང་གཟིམ་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་དང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཚུ་གིས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ མཁན་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནངམ་ལས་ ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༩ ལུ་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་དང་ཁྲི་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་དང་ གཞུང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཚུ་གིས་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་དང་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ མངའ་གསོལ་ནི་འབདཝ་ད་ ཁྲི་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ནང་བློན་ཚུ་གིས་གསན་མ་བཏུབ་པར་ནང་ཟིང་བྱུང་ནུག། འདི་གིས་སྦེ་ ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་གི་ཚེ་སྲོག་ལུ་ ཉེན་འཚུབ་ཐུགཔ་ད་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ཉེན་སྐྱོབ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཡུན་མ་རིང་ཅིག་ཁར་ ཁྲི་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༩ ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་དང་ས་པ་དང་ སྤ་གྲོ་སྤྱི་བླ་སྟོད་ཅུང་པ། དར་དཀར་སྤྱི་བླ་དཔྲལ་བ། ཀྲོང་གསར་སྤྱི་བླ་ཚ་ཕུག་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཚུ་གིས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་བདུན་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་པ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བདུན་པ་སྦེ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ རྗེ་འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གཅིག་པ་སྦེ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༩ ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ལངས་ཡོད་མི་འདི་མ་ཆདཔ་ལས་ བྱམས་མགོན་ངག་དབང་འཇམ་དཔལ་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་པ་འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་དང་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་ཁ་འཆམས་ཏེ་ ཁྲི་འདུམ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ལུ་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་གིས་ངོ་ལོག་སྟེ་ ཚུལ་མིན་གྱིས་ལཱ་ལེ་ཤ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་དང་ མཁན་ཁྲི་འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་རྣམ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ གསུང་གྲོས་གནངམ་བཞིན་དུ་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་འདི་དགོངས་ཞུ་བཏང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༡༡ ཟླཝ་ ༤ པའི་ནང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བརྒྱད་པ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ངག་དབང་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ སྤ་གྲོ་གསང་ཆེན་ཆོས་འཁོར་ལུ་གདན་ས་བཟུང་སྟེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== དགོངསམ་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱི་མིང་གཏམ་ བོད་དང་རྒྱ་ནག་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཡར་སོ་ནུག། རྒྱ་ནག་རྒྱལ་པོ་གིས་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ རྩ་བའི་བླམ་སྦེ་བསྟེན་ཏེ་ ཆོས་གསན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ འབུལ་ཆེན་ཚུ་ཡང་ཕུལ་ནུག། ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་ གདན་ས་གསང་ཆེན་ཆོས་འཁོར་ལུ་ གསེར་གྱི་གླེགས་བམ་དང་ སངས་རྒྱས་རབ་བདུན་གྱི་མཐོང་གྲོལ་ཚུ་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
དེ་བསྒང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་གིས་ ཤིང་འབྲས་ཨན་འབྲས་ཀྱི་སོན་ རྒྱ་ནག་ལས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བསྣམས་བྱོན་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་འབྲུག་ལུ་ལོག་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གསང་ཆེན་ཆོས་འཁོར་ལུ་ཐུགས་དམ་གནང་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ ཁོ་རའི་སློབ་མ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཆོས་འཁོར་ཚུ་བསྐོར་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༣༠ ཟླཝ་ ༩ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༢ ལུ་དགུང་ལོ་ ༥༠ བཞེས་པའི་མཐའ་མ་དགོངས་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་ལུ་ཐིམ་སོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;


=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་དགུ་པ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའིམཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༩༡ ཟླ་ ༤ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༡༤༡ པ་རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་གསུམ་པའི་ནང་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཝེང་མཁར་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་གསུམ་དེ་ཅིག་ལས་ར་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་སྐུ་སྐྱེས་སྦེ་ངོས་འཛིན་གྲུབ་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༩༤ ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་པ་ བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ཐོག་ལས་ གདན་ས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༩༥ ལུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་བཅུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་པ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ ཡོངས་འཛིན་མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་གཉིས་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ལས་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ གདམས་ངག་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་གསན་ཏེ་ མཁས་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༧ ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བཞི་པ་དབུ་མཛད་སྤ་སྒྲོ་པ་གིས་ ཉམས་གསོ་དང་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་མཛད་གནང་ཡོད་མི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ རྟ་ལོག་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་ གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་གི་གདན་ས་འདི་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་རིམ་བྱོན་ཚུ་གི་གདན་ས་ལུ་གྱུར་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་ལྔ་པ་པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་མཆོག་གིས་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁང་གསརཔ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༩ ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༡༨ བཞེས་པའི་སྐབས་ དགུང་སྐག་ཕོགཔ་ལས་ རྐྱེན་ཟློག་ཐབས་ལུ་ དབེན་སྤང་དཀར་པོ་ལུ་ ཐུགས་དམ་རིམ་པ་གཉིས་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༩ ལུ་ཁྲི་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་དང་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན། དེ་ལས་ གཞུང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ ཟླཝ་ ༣ པའི་ཚེས་ ༣ ལུ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་འགན་ཁག་བཞེས་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་གི་ནངས་པ་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་གནང་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ དེ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཁྲི་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ནང་བློན་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ བསྟུན་གྲོས་མ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཉན་མ་བཏུབ་པར་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཆ་མེད་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཟླཝ་ ༣ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ནང་འཁྲུག་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ནང་འཁྲུག་འབྱུང་པའི་སྐབས་ ཁྲི་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱིས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ཚུ་ ཕམ་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ མཁན་ཆེན་མཆོག་ལུ་སྲོག་སྐྱབས་ཞུ་དགོཔ་ཐོན་སོ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
ཐིམ་ཕུགཔ་དང་ དར་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ། སྤ་གྲོ་དཔོན་སློབ། ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚུ་ཁ་འཆམས་ཏེ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉི་ཤུ་པ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བརྒྱད་པའི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོད་རུང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པའི་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ དབང་འདུས་རྫོང་དཔོན་དང་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་དམག་འཁྲུག་ལོངས་ཏེ་ སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་རྫོང་ཐོབ་ཆི་ནུག། ཟླཝ་ ༧ པའི་ནང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ གསོལ་ཐབ་སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་ལུ་བྱོན་སོ་ནུག། ཟླཝ་ ༡༠ པའི་ནང་ དམག་འདི་ཐག་ཆོད་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ མི་མང་གི་འགོ་དཔོན་དང་ སྤྱི་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་ མི་མང་གི་ཚེ་སྲོག་ལུ་ཉན་ཁ་སྦོམ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཁྲི་འདུམ་མཛད་གནང་དགོ་པའི་ཞུ་བ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་པ་འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་དང་ མཁན་ཆེན་སྐུ་བགྲེས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན། དེ་ལས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་ལུ་ཕུལ་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༡༠ ལུ་མཁན་ཆེན་རྣམ་པ་གསུམ་གྱིས་ གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་གཉིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་མཛད་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཆིངས་འགྲིག་གནང་སྟེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་དགུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༡༠ པའི་ནང་ གནམ་དགུན་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་དང་ གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གཉིས་ ཐུགས་མཐུན་པའི་ཐོག་ལས་ མཛད་སྒོ་ཚུ་ཚུལ་བཞིན་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ་དང་ དགོངས་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༡༠ ཟླཝ་ ༤ པའི་ནང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་ཉེར་གཉིས་བཞེསཔ་ད་ རང་གི་མོས་པའི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་ནུག། དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ ཡོངས་འཛིན་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་རྣམ་ཐར་ གསར་རྩམ་མཛད་ནུག། སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་དཔལ་འབར་གྱིས་ ལཱ་ངན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་གོ་གནས་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་བཅུག་ནུག། རྗེ་འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ མཁན་ཁྲི་ཉེར་གཅིག་པ་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ མཁན་ཁྲི་ཉེར་གཉིས་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྒྱལ་མཚན་འདི་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་མ་ཞུ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ མཁན་ཆེན་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། རྟ་ལོག་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་མཐོང་གྲོལ་མཇལ་ཁ་གནང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གྲུབ་ཆུ་ཡང་བཏོན་ནུག་ དེ་ལས་ མཐོང་གྲོལ་ཁྱད་དུ་འཕགས་པ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༣༠ ཟླཝ་ ༨ པའི་ཚེས་ ༣༠ ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ དགོང་ལོ་ ༤༠ བཞེསཔ་ད་ དགོངས་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་ལུ་ཐིམ་སོ་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སུམ་ཅུ་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཚ་ཕུག་རྡོ་རྗེའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སུམ་ཅུ་པ་ ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚ་ཕུག་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ སྟོད་ཝང་ཚ་ཕུག་ནང་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་ཡང་ཚ་ཕུག་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ སྒར་ལྟོ་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སྲིད་སྐྱོང་གི་ལམ་ལུགས་དང་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་ཚུ་ལུ་ཉམས་མྱོང་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རིམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བཞི་པ་ སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་ལྔ་པ་དབུ་མཛད་སྤ་གྲོ་པ། སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་དྲུག་པ་ པདྨ་ཆོས་གྲགས་ཚུ་གིས་ སྲིད་སྐྱོང་མཛད་གནང་བའི་སྐབས་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ ཁྲི་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མ་བཀལ་ཚུན་ཚད་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚ་ཕུག་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ ངོ་ལོག་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ནང་འཁྲུག་ལང་བཅུག་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༠༩ ལས་ ༡༨༡༠ ཚུན་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚ་ཕུག་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པའི་ཕྱོགས་གཏོགས་ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་དང་དར་དཀར་ན། སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚུ་གི་འཆར་གཞི་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གི་ཧོངས་ལས་ བྱང་ཕྱད་རྐྱབ་མི་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་གཅིག་ ཁོ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བརྒྱད་པ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༡༡ ཟླཝ་ ༤ པའི་ནང་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛདཔ་ད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༡༡ ཟླཝ་ ༥ པའི་ནང་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚ་ཕུག་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཁོ་རའི་དབང་ཚད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སུམ་ཅུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚ་ཕུག་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལུ་ ལེགས་དར་དང་བཅས་ ཆིབས་རྟ་གནང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ ཞབས་བརྟན་ཟབ་རྒྱས་ཕུལ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་རྣམ་དང་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཚ་ཕུག་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཏེ་ སྲིད་སྐྱོང་མཛད་དེ་ཟླཝ་དྲུག་ཡང་མ་ལངསམ་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ ངོ་ལོག་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་བཀྲོངས་ད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;


=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་གཅིག་པ་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་པའི་ཧེ་མ། ====
===== དང་པ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པ་དང་ཆོས་རྗེས་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒར་ལྟོའི་གྲལ་དུ་ཞུགས་པ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་གཅིག་པའི་མཚན་ཡང་ བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ཟེར་ གསོལ་དགོ་པའི་དགོས་པ་ཡང་ ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ཡ་གྱལ་སྟོད་ཝང་སྲིན་མོ་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ནི་འདི་གིས་ཨིན་པས། ཁོ་ར་འདི་ གཞོན་སྐྱེས་ལངམ་ད་ ཁོ་ར་དང་ཁོ་རའི་གཡུས་ཁར་ལས་འབད་མི་ཆ་རོགས་ སྟོད་ཝང་དར་ལུང་པ་མ་ཧཱ་བྷ་ལ་བུམ་ཐང་བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་དཔོན་འབད་དེ་བཞུགས་ས་ལུ་ གནས་སྐོར་བྱོན་པའི་སྐབས་ དགེ་སློང་གི་གཡོག་རྒྱུག་མི་སྦེ་ སྒྲིག་རྒྱུག་སྟེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་བསྒང་ ཧེ་མ་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་མཆོག་ལྡན་མགོན་པོའི་དགོན་གནས་ བུམ་ཐང་བླ་མའི་དགོན་པའི་གདན་ས་ལུ་ བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་གི་ཉེ་འདབས་ལྷ་ལུང་དཔལ་རྡོར་གྱི་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་ བྱ་དཀར་གདུང་གི་ཁྱིམ་ནང་ལས་ ནོར་བུ་སྒྲོན་མ་དང་གཉེན་དུ་བསྡོམས་ཏེ་ བཞུགས་པའི་ཐ་མ་ ཁོང་གཉིས་ལུ་ སྲས་ལྔ་དང་སྲོས་མོ་གཉིས་བྱུང་ནུག། གཏམ་ཞིང་ཆོས་རྗེ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ བྱུང་བའི་སྤུན་ཆ་རྒན་ཤོས་སྲས་མོ་རིན་ཆེན་པདྨོ་དེ་དང་ གཉེན་གཅིག་ཁར་བསྡོམས་པའི་བཟའ་ཚང་ལུ་གྱུར་པའི་ སྲས་མོ་པདྨ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་འདི་ཤུལ་མ་ གོང་ས་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་བཙུན་མོ་བཞེས་སྟེ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;

===== གཉིས་པ་གོ་གནས་རིམ་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་བཞེས་པའི་སྐོར། =====
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་སོ་དགུ་པ་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ནི་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་པའི་ཧེ་མ་ སྟོད་ཝང་དར་ལུང་པ་མ་ཧཱ་བྷ་ལ་བུམ་ཐང་བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་དཔོན་འོག་ ཕྱག་ཞུས་ཏེ་ལོ་དག་པ་ཅིག་ལས་ར་ ཆིབས་ཞོན་པའི་གོ་གནས་ བུམ་ཐང་བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་གི་སྒོ་སྲུང་པའི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ཏེ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ ཁོ་རའི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཆེན་པོ་ལས་བརྟེན་གཉིས་སྐལ་མའི་གོ་གནས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་གཟིམ་དཔོན་ཐོབ་པའི་ཁར་ ད་རུང་ ཡུན་མ་རིངམ་ཅིག་ཁར་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ལུ་ཁོ་གིས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་དང་ དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཡང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ཚུ་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ བཞུགས་སྡོད་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;

==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་སུམ་ཅུ་པ་ཚ་ཕུགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ནི་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་གུར་ ཟླ་ངོ་ ༥ དེ་ཅིག་འགྱོཝ་ད་བཀྲོང་མི་དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་བཅུ་གཅིག་(༡༨༡༡) ལྕགས་ལུག་ཟླ་ལྔ་པའི་ནང་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚ་ཕུགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ནི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་སུམ་ཅུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ནི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཧེ་མ་ ཚ་ཕུགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་མཛད་མི་ལུ་ངལ་མ་རངས་པར་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་སུམ་ཅུ་པ་ཚ་ཕུགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ནི་ སྡེ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁར་ར་བཀྲོངས་བཏང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་བཅུ་གཉིས་(༡༨༡༢) པའི་ཆུ་སྤྲེལ་ལོའི་ནང་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་རྫོང་དཔོན་ག་ར་འཛོམས་བཞིན་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ནི་ གསོལ་ཐབས་སྤུ་ན་ཁར་ཕེབས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་གཅིག་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་ཕྱག་ཤུལ། ====
===== དང་པ་ཕས་རྒོལ་ཟིལ་གྱིས་གནོན་ཏེ་ཞི་བདེའི་གོ་སྐབས་བཟོ་གནང་བ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་གཤགས་མི་ཚ་ཕུགས་རྡོ་རྗེའི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་དང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ཚུ་ ཁ་རུབ་སྟེ་ རྒྱབ་འགལ་གྱི་གྲོས་འཆར་བརྩམས་པ་མ་ཚད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་གྲགས་ལུ་ཡང་ དེ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་སྙན་ཞུ་ཕུལ་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབང་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཕྱག་གཡོག་ཚོ་ཆེན་གྱི་དགེ་འདུན་པ་ཚུ་ རང་སོའི་གཡུས་ཁར་ཆུ་བྲག་འགོ་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ལོག་སོང་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ གཞན་ཚུ་ག་ར་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་བསོད་དབང་ཤུགས་ཀྱིས་འོག་ལུ་བསྡུ་བཏངམ་ལས་ ཕས་ཀྱི་རྒོལ་བ་གིས་གླགས་རྙེད་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ འདས་པའི་ལོ་ཚུ་ནང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་འཕྲོག་མི་ཟིང་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ཟིལ་གྱིས་གནོན་ཏེ་ ཚར་ཅིག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཞི་བདེའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཤར་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== གཉིས་པ་ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་ལུ་བཟོད་གསོལ་ཕུལ་བ། =====
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ནི་ སྔོན་མ་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཡང་གཞུང་གི་དགྲ་ཟླར་བཟུང་སྟེ་ ཡིད་ཆེས་ཀྱི་དད་པ་མེད་རུང་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཧེ་མའི་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུའི་ཐུགས་བདག་ཟིན་པ་ཅིག་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་མི་འོང་ནིའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་མནལ་ལམ་གཟིགས་མི་ཚུ་གསུངས་གནངམ་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་ནི་ ས་སྐྱོང་བགྲེས་པོ་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་སྤུར་སྦྱང་ནང་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་བའི་སྐབས་ མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་དང་བློན་པོ་ག་ར་གིས་ ཧེ་མའི་ལཱ་འབད་མི་ལུ་བློ་འཁོལ་བའི་སེམས་དྲག་པོའི་བཤགས་པ་དང་བཤགས་རྟེན་འབུལ་བ་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོར་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ འདི་མན་ཆད་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་བཞུགས་ས་ཡང་གདན་ས་ཕན་ཚུན་གཉིས་ནང་བཞུགས་དགོཔ་དང་ གསོལ་ཐབ་ཡང་སྟབས་གཅིག་ཁར་ཕེབས་དགོ་པའི་གསོལ་བཏབ་ཞུཝ་ད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ཡང་གསན་ཏེ་ དེ་ལས་ཚུར་ཡོན་ཏན་སྦྱིན་བདག་ཐུགས་སྣང་གཙང་དག་ལུ་གྱུར་སོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== གསུམ་པ་མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་གཉིས་པའི་མངའ་གསོལ། =====
&lt;big&gt;མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་གཉིས་པ་འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་བཅུ་དྲུག་(༡༨༡༦) མེ་བྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ དགོན་པར་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་མཁན་པོའི་ཕྱག་འགན་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་གིས་མཛད་དེ་བཞུགས་པའི་བར་ན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་བཅུ་དྲུག་(༡༨༡༦) མེ་བྱི་ཟླ་བདུན་པའི་ཚེས་ཉི་ཤུ་ལུ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ནི་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོངམ་ལས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་ཟེར་གྱི་དགོངས་རྫོགས་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་མཇུག་བསྡུཝ་ཅིག་ མཁན་རབས་ཉེར་གཉིས་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གུར་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་དང་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་ལྔ་པ་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྡོ་རྗེའི་ཡོངས་འཛིན་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ནི་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== བཞི་པ་འབྲུག་དང་བལ་པོའི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་ཟད་འགྲོ། ===== 
&lt;big&gt;ཧེ་མ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བརྒྱད་པ་ ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་བཅུ་གསུམ་(༡༨༡༣) པའི་ཆུ་བྱ་ལོ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་པའི་བླ་མ་སངས་རྒྱས་ནོར་བུ་ བལ་ཡུལ་འཕགས་པ་ཤིང་ཀུན་ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུ་བར་བཏང་མི་དེ་ཡང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་སྐབས་ ཉམས་གསོ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བསྒྲུབས་ཏེ་ལོག་ལྷོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་དང་བལ་གྱི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་ངང་ལུ་གནས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== ལྔ་པ་རྒྱ་གར་ཕྱི་གཞུང་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་དང་མ་ར་གཱཌ་ས་གནས་ལོག་ཐོབ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར། =====
&lt;big&gt;རྒྱ་གར་ཕྱི་གཞུང་དང་ བལ་ཡུལ་ས་མཚམས་འགྲིགས་མིན་གྱི་དམག་འཁྲུག་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༨༡༤ ནས་༡༨༡༦ ལོ་ལུ་ཐུག་པའི་སྐབས་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གིས་འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ་ བལ་པོའི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་མ་མཛད་པར་བཞུགས་དགོ་པའི་ཞུ་བ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་བལ་རྒྱབ་མ་མཛད་པར་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་བསྒང་ འབྲུག་གི་ས་ཁོངས་མ་ར་གཱཌ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གི་སྐྱབས་འཛིན་འོག་གི་ཀུཆ་བི་ཧར་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་བས་དབང་འཛིན་འབད་བའི་སྐོར་ལས་ འབྲུག་དང་ཀུཆ་བི་ཧར་ འགྲིགས་མིན་བྱུངམ་ད་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༡༤ ལུ་ ཀིརི་ཤཱན་ཀཱནཏ་བཱོསི་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ འབྲུག་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སླབ་པར་བཏང་ནུག། ཀིརི་ཤཱན་ཀཱནཏ་བཱོསི་གསར་སྤང་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁར་འོང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གསུང་གྲོས་ལེགས་ཤོམ་གནང་ནི་དེ་གིས་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༡༧ པའི་ལོ་ལུ་ མ་ར་གཱཌ་ཟེར་བའི་ས་གནས་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་དབང་ཚད་ལུ་ལོག་ཐོབ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;

==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ====
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༡༧ པའི་མེ་གླང་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པའི་ནང་ བསྙུང་གཞི་ཐེབས་ཏེ་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་མ་བདེ་བར་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུའི་མཛད་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;མེ་གླང་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ནི་ དགོངས་ཞུ་སྟེ་ལོ་ངོ་དགུ་དེ་ཅིག་ཟུར་བཞུགས་གནངམ་ད་ རྟ་ལོག་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་མཛདཔ་ད་ མཐུན་རྐྱེན་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཡང་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༢༦ པའི་ མེ་ཁྱི་ལོ་ནང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་གསོལ་ཐབ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ སྐུ་བསྙུངས་ཏེ་གཤགསཔ་ད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་གྲགས་མཆོག་དང་བྱམས་མགོན་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༢༢ པ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཚུ་ཡང་ སྤུར་སྦྱང་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་ལུ་འབད་སྤུར་སྦྱང་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་གཉིས་པ་སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་གོང་གི་མཛད་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༧༡ ལྕགས་ཡོས་ལོར་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་མཆོག་ནི་ ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ཡ་གྱལ་སྨད་ཝང་དར་ལུང་ཁ་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་ཡང་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ནི་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ རྫོང་གོང་མའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ལུ་ཞུགས་ཏེ་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ ཆིབས་ཞོནམ་དང་གཉིས་སྐལ་མའི་གོ་གནས་ལས་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་བདག་རྐྱེན་དང་ དེ་ལས་གོང་གཟིམ་གྱི་བདག་རྐྱེན་བཞེས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་སྡོད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་དུས་སྟབས་ཀྱི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ། ====
&lt;big&gt;མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་བཅུ་བདུན་ (༡༨༡༧) མེ་གླང་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ སྐུ་བསྙུངས་ཏེ་ དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དགོཔ་ཐོནམ་ལས་ མཁན་སློབ་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་བཀའ་གནང་སྟེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་གཉིས་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ ལྷ་མོའི་སྒྲུབ་མཆོད་གྲོལཝ་ཅིག་ གོང་གཟིམ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་དེ་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
    
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་ཕྱག་ཤུལ། ====
===== དང་པ་མདོ་སྡེ་བྲག་ལུ་བཀའ་འགྱུར་གསར་བཞེངས་པ། =====
&lt;big&gt;ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་བཅུ་བརྒྱད་ ༡༨༡༨ ས་སྟག་ལོར་ རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་མཐའ་ཡས་ཀྱི་གདན་ས་མདོ་སྡེ་བྲག་གི་བཀའ་འགྱུར་གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་གི་འབྲེལ་ཞུའི་དོན་ལུ་ཤུལ་མ་མཁན་རབས་ ༢༥ པ་མཛད་མི་ རྗེ་ཤེས་རབ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་མ་ཀྲམ་ཁལ་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཡང་ཕུལ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== གཉིས་པ་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་གདན་ས་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག། =====
&lt;big&gt;རྟ་ལོག་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་གདན་ས་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་མཛད་གནངམ་ད་ ཉེར་འཁོའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་དང་ཞབས་ཏོག་རྒྱ་ཆེ་བར་མཛདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རབ་གནས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ སྐུ་མགྲོན་གཙོ་བོ་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་བྱོན་ཏེ་ དགའ་སྟོན་ཟབ་རྒྱས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== གསུམ་པ་ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ངོ་རྒོལ་ལས་བརྟེན་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ། =====
&lt;big&gt;ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་དཔྲལ་བ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་ཉེར་གཅིག་ (༡༨༢༡) ལྕགས་སྤྲེལ་ལོར་ གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁར་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ་ངོ་རྒོལ་གྱི་གྲ་སྒྲིག་འབད་དེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་གྲགས་མཆོག་ལུ་ དེ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ཞུ་བ་འབུལ་ཆེན་བཅས་ངོམ་རྐང་བཙུགས་ཕུལ་བར་བཏངམ་མ་ཚད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་གིས་ དམག་འཛིང་གི་ལཱ་འདི་ཆ་མེད་གཏང་ད་ཟེར་བཀའ་གནང་རུང་མ་ཉན་པར་ གཞུང་ལུ་ངོ་རྒོལ་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགསཔ་ད་ གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གཞུང་དམག་ཀྲོང་གསར་ལུ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ དམག་ཐག་ཆོད་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ མི་མང་སྡུག་ལུ་བཀོད་པའི་དུས་ངན་ཤར་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ ཁྲི་ཟུར་འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་རྣམ་གཉིས་ཐུགས་སྙིང་རྗེས་མ་བཟོད་པར་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག། དཔོན་སློབ་འདས་པའི་མེ་སྦྱང་ཡང་ བླ་ཆེན་རྣམ་གཉིས་ཀྲོང་གསར་ལུ་ཕེབསཔ་ད་མཛད་དེ་བྱོན་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== བཞི་པ་མཁན་ཆེན་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་ལུ་མཐོང་བཟོས་ཀྱི་གཟེངས་བསྟོད། =====
&lt;big&gt;འཇམ་དབྱངས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་འདི་བོད་ལུ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་པ་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ ཡང་སྲིད་དུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པ་དང་ ཁོ་རའི་སློབ་མ་དམ་པ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་གིས་ ཐབས་ཤེས་ལེ་ཤ་ཐོག་ལས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ཁྲི་སྟོན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་མཛདཔ་ད་ ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་དཔང་མཐོ་བའི་གནང་སྦྱིན་གྱི་ལེགས་འབུལ་དང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་བཀའ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་རྡོ་རྗེ་སློབ་དཔོན་དང་མཉམ་པའི་བདག་རྐྱེན་ཡང་ཕུལ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ས་སྐྱོང་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་མཆོག་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་ཉེར་གཅིག་ (༡༨༢༡) ཆུ་རྟ་ལོའི་ནང་ སྤུ་ན་ཁར་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ དགུན་གྱི་མཛད་སྒོ་ཚུ་བསྒྲུབས་ཞིནམ་ད་ དགོན་པར་འབྱོན་ནིའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད་གནང་བཞིན་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་སྤངས་ཏེ་ ཟུར་བཞུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུའི་རྗེས་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་གཉིས་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་ བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་མཆོག་ནི་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁར་བཞུགས་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༨༣༧ ༡༨༣༩ ༡༨༤༠ ༡༨༤༢ ལོ་ཚུའི་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ཚུ་གི་སྐབས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་རྩ་བའི་བླམ་སྦེ་བསྟེན་ཏེ་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུཝ་མ་ཚད་ ཐུགས་འཚེར་བ་མ་གཟིགས་པར་ ནང་འགྲིགས་བཟོ་ནི་དང་འཁོན་འདུམ་གྱི་བར་དཔང་ལུ་ལོག་ཅི་ར་ཐོན་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ཞི་བདེ་ལུ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་མཛད་བཞིན་དུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༤༤ མེ་ལུག་ལོ་ལུ་ གཤགས་སོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་གསུམ་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་ཕུར་རྒྱལ་ལམ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པ་དང་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་སྒྲིག་ལུ་ཞུགས་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བདུན་བརྒྱ་བདུན་ཅུ་དོན་བཞི་ཤིང་རྟའི་ལོ་ནང་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་གསུམ་པ་ཕུར་རྒྱལ་ཡང་ན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ནི། ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་སྟོད་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ཝང་ཁོངས་གཏོགས་ སི་ཁྱོད་ནང་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་ཡང་ཕུར་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་ དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་སྡེར་ཞུགས་པའི་ཆོས་མིང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གསོལ་ཏེ་ སྐུ་ཡོན་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་སྦྱངས་གནང་ནུག། 
&lt;/big&gt;==== རྫོང་གོང་མའི་སྒྲིག་ལུ་ཞུགས་ཏེ་བདག་རྐྱེན་རིམ་པར་བཞེས་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུ་བསྒང་ལས་གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་ དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་སྡེར་ཞུགས་བཞིན་ རྫོང་གོང་མའི་སྒྲིག་ལུ་ཞུགས་ཏེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་དང་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ལུགས་གཉིས་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་རིང་ལུགས་ལུ་རང་བྱོན་ཚུདཔ་ལས་ དང་པ་ར་ཐིམ་ཕུག་གཉེར་ཆེན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་དང་ དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གི་མཛད་སྒོ། ==== 
སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་ཉེར་གཉིས་ (༡༨༢༢) ཆུ་རྟ་ལོའི་དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་གསོལ་ཐབ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ དེ་བསྒང་གི་རྒྱལ་པོ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་ནི་ དགོན་པར་འབྱོན་ནི་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་སྤངས་ཏེ་ ཟུར་བཞུགས་གནངམ་ལས་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ནི་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ སོ་གསུམ་པ་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག།

=== སྡེས་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་ཤུལ། ===
==== སྤུ་ན་ཁར་ཟབ་གོས་ཀྱི་མཐོང་གྲོལ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ལྷོ་འབྲུག་ཆོས་འབྱུང་དང་འབྲུག་གསལ་སྒྲོན་ དེབ་ཐེར་གསལ་བའི་མེ་ལོང་ཚུ་ནང་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ སྡེ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་མཐོང་གྲོལ་བཞེངས་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ཞལ་མཐུན་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོད་རུང་ ལྷ་སྐུ་གང་ཡིན་གྱི་གསལ་ཁ་མི་སྣང་ཟེར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
==== བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ནང་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ཀྱི་ལྷ་ཁང་། ====
&lt;big&gt;བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་གདན་ས་ལུ་ སྒོ་ཆེན་གོང་མའི་ཐོག་ཆ་སེང་སྟེ་ ལྷ་ཁང་གསརཔ་བཞེངས་ས་ལས་ཕར་ སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ འཕགས་པ་འཇིག་རྟེན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་སྐུ་རྟེན་ཐོག་ཚད་མ་གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== ཐིམ་ཕུག་དབུ་རྩེའི་གསེར་གྱི་རྒྱ་ཕིབས། ====
&lt;big&gt;གདན་ས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་དབུ་རྩེ་ཆེན་མོར་གསེར་གྱི་རྒྱ་ཕིབས་སྒྲོན། དེ་ཡང་ སྒོར་ཚད་འདོམ་དྲུག་ཅུ་རེ་གཉིས་ (༦༢) ཅན་མའི་དོན་ལུ་གཟུང་དོས་ཉིས་བརྒྱ་བརྒྱད་ཅུ་བརྒྱ་བརྒྱད་ (༢༨༨) གསེར་ཏོ་ལ་ ༥༨༠༠ དངུལ་ཆུ་ཏོ་ལ་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གསུམ་དང་སུམ་བརྒྱ་ཞེ་བརྒྱད་ (༢༣,༣༤༨) ཀྱི་རྒྱུ་དངོས་ལས་གསར་སྒྲུབ་གནང་སྟེ་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
==== བདེ་ཆེན་ཕུག་གི་དགེ་བསྙེན་གསེར་ཟངས་ལས་གྲུབ་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ཐིམ་ཕུག་བདེ་ཆེན་ཕུག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་བཀའ་སྲུང་གཙོ་བོ དགེ་བསྙེན་ཇག་མེ་ལེན་གྱི་གནས་ཁང་རབ་གསལ་ གསེར་ཟངས་ཡུག་གཅིག་གིས་སྤུར་ཏེ་ཕུལ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པའི་ཞབས་ཏོག། ====
&lt;big&gt;གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པའི་གདན་ས་ནང་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ སྒྲུབ་སྡེ་ གསར་བཞེངས་དང་ ཤག་སྐོར་གཟིམ་ཅུང་གསར་བཞེངས་ཚུ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== མཁན་ཁྲི་ཉེར་གསུམ་པ་དང་ཉེར་བཞི་པའི་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ། ====
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་གཉིས་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ མཁན་པོའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོངམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་དྲུག་ (༡༨༢༦) མེ་ཁྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་གཅིག་པ་ འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་ མི་སེར་དང་འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ཉེར་གསུམ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་གསུམ་པ་ འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་ནི་ མཁན་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ དགོན་པར་བྱོན་སོངམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་གཅིག་ (༡༨༣༡) ལྕགས་ཡོས་ལོ་ལུ་ མི་སེར་དང་འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས སེ་ལ་ཆོས་རྗེ་ངག་དབང་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཀྱི་ཡང་སྲིས་གཉིས་པ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བཞི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== བྱམས་མགོན་ཡི་ཤེས་རྡོ་རྗེའི་དགོངས་རྗོགས། ====
&lt;big&gt;སེ་ལ་བྱམས་མགོན་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་གཉིས་པ་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་ (༡༨༣༠) ལྕགས་ཡོས་སྟག་ལོ་ལུ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་ཡོདཔ་ད་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ལུ་ སྐུ་གདུང་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སྤུར་སྦྱང་དང་དགོངས་རྫོགས་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་དབུ་ལུ་ འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ====
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ནི་ མངའ་འབངས་ཡོངས་ལུ་གནང་སྦྱིན་ལ་སོགས་ བསོད་ནམས་དགེ་བའི་མཛད་པ་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་མཛད་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ངང་ལུ་སྐྱོང་སྟེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ ཐབས་ཆག་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་ (༡༨༣༠) ལྕགས་སྟག་ལོ་ལུ་ ངོ་རྒོལ་འབདཝ་བཞིན་ དམག་དཔུང་ལོག་ཅི་ར་གཏང་རུང་ མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁ་མ་ཐོབ་པར་ ལྷ་ས་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་རྒྱ་ནག་ཨམ་བྷན་ལས་གྲོགས་རམ་ལེན་ཏེ་ བོད་ཀྱི་དམག་བཏོནམ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ཉེན་ཁ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་སྦེ་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སོ་གཅིག (༡༨༣༡) ལྕགས་ཡོས་ ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ནང་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ དབང་འདུས་རྩེ་ལུ་ ཟུར་བཞུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུའི་རྗེས་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕུར་རྒྱལ་ལམ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུས་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ཡང་ འཁྲུག་ཟིང་སློང་སྟེ་བཞུགས་མ་སྟེརཝ་ལས་ སྡེ་ཟུར་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་སྤ་གྲོ་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཨ་རྒས་ཧཱ་པ་དང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ལྡནམ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་སྤ་རོ་ལུ་དམག་དྲངས་ཏེ་ མི་སེར་དགའ་སྐྱིད་མེདཔ་བཟོཝ་ད་ མི་དྲག་གཙོ་ཅན་མནོ་ཤེས་ཚུ་གིས་གསོལ་བཏབ་ཞུཝ་བཞིན་ སྡེ་ཟུར་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དབང་འདུས་རྩེ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཆོགཔ་སྦེ་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་པ་ཤེས་རབ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ ཁྲི་ཟུར་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ སྡེ་ཟུར་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་ཚུ་གིས་ཁྲི་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་ལྔ་པ་ཨ་ཐངཔ་ཕྲིན་ལས་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་ལྔ་ (༡༨༣༥) ལུ་སྐུ་བསྙུངས་ཏེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་གཤགས་སོངམ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ནི་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་དྲུག་པའི་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་བཞི་པ་ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་པའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བདུན་བརྒྱ་བདུན་ཅུ་དོན་དགུ་ (༡༧༧༩) ས་ཕག་ལོ་ལུ་ མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ཡ་གྱལ་སྟོད་ཝང་དར་ལུང་ཁ་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་ཡང་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཁོ་ར་ནི་ མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཚ་བོ་འབདཝ་ལས་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་སྒར་ལྟོ་འབད་དེ་ རྫོང་གོང་མའི་སྒྲིག་ལུ་ཞུགས་ཏེ་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་ལུ་སྦྱང་བ་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཁོ་རའི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ལས ཆིབས་གཞོན་པའི་འགན་ཁུར་ལས་རིམ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་ཚུ་ རིམ་པར་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གི་མཛད་སྒོ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་ལུ་ སྐུ་གཞོགས་ཕུར་རྒྱལ་ལམ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་སྐྱོང་སྟེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ གཞུང་ལུ་ངོ་རྒོལ་གྱི་དམག་དྲངས་ཏེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་འཕྱོག་ནིའི་རྩིས་ཡང་བསྐྱར་འབད་རུང་ གཞུང་དམག་ལུ་མ་ཐུབ་པའི་སྐབས་ ལྷ་ས་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ཨམ་བྷན་ལུ་དམག་རྒྱབ་འཚོལ་ཏེ་ རྒྱ་མི་ཨམ་བྷན་གྱིས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གྲོགས་རམ་ལུ་ རྒྱ་མིའི་དམག་དཔུང་དུམ་ཚན་ཅིག་བཏང་མི་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་གསུམ་བཅུ་སོ་གཅིག་ (༡༨༣༡) པའི་ལྕགས་ཡོས་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ནང་ གཞུང་དམག་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁར་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་བཞི་པའི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་ཤུལ། ====
===== དང་པ་སྤུང་རྫོང་མེ་མཆོད་ཐེངས་བཞི་པ་གསར་བཞེངས་དགོ་པའི་སྐོར། =====
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ནི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་བཞི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རྒྱ་མིའི་དཔུང་དམག་ཚུ་ བོད་ལུ་ལོག་སོང་བའི་རྒྱབ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་གསུམ་བཅུ་སོ་གཅིག་ (༡༨༣༡) པའི་ ལྕགས་ཡོས་ཟླ་གསུམ་པའི་ཚེས་བཅུ་གསུམ་ལུ་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་ནང་འཁྲུག་ལོང་བའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་མེ་མཆོད་ཐེངས་བཞི་པ་བཞེས་མི་འདི་ གསར་བཞེངས་ཐུགས་འགན་བཞེས་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;===== གཉིས་པ་མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བཞི་པའི་མངའ་གསོལ། ===== 
&lt;big&gt;མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་གསུམ་པ་ འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སོ་གཅིག་ ༡༨༣༡ ལྕགས་ཡོས་ལོར་ དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་དགོན་པར་བྱོནམ་ལས་ མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་དང་ གྲྭ་ཚང་བླ་སློབ་ཞལ་མཐུན་ཐོག་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སོ་གཅིག་ ༡༨༣༡ ལྕགས་ཡོས་ལོར་ སེ་ལ་ཆོས་རྗེ་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་གཉིས་པ་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ནི་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བཞི་པའི་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== གསུམ་པ་ནང་འཁྲུག་གི་མཐུན་འགྲིག། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་གསུམ་བཅུ་སོ་གཅིག་ ༡༨༣༡ པའི་ ལྕགས་ཡོས་ལོའི་གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ སྡེ་ཟུར་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གུར་ ཟིང་འཁྲུག་སློང་སྟེ་དམག་དྲངམ་ལས་ སྡེ་ཟུར་སྤ་གྲོ་ལུ་བྲོས་ཟུར་བྱོན་ཏེ་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཨ་རྒས་ཧཱ་པ་དང་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་འཆམ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གྲོགས་རམ་འཚོལ་ཏེ་ བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
སྤ་རོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་གཞུང་དམག་འཁྱིད་དེ་ དམག་རྐྱབ་པར་བྱོནམ་ད་ སྡེ་ཟུར་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་སྤ་གྲོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཁ་གཅིག་འབད་དེ་ གཞུང་དམག་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཕྱད་མདའ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ཡུན་རིང་སོངམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ མི་སེར་གྱི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་ལུ་མ་བཟོད་པར་ དོལ་པོ་གྱང་སའི་མི་དྲག་དོན་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་གཙོ་ཅན་ཚུ་གིས་ དགེ་འདུན་ལུ་མཐུན་སྒྲིག་དགོ་པའི་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལཝ་ད་ མཁན་ཟུར་འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲགས་པ་དང་ མཁན་ཁྲི་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གསང་ཟབ་ལས་ སྡེ་ཟུར་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་ཚུ་གིས་བར་མི་མཛད་དེ་ བདེ་སྒྲིག་འབད་གནངམ་ལས་ སྡེ་ཟུར་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཡང་ དབང་འདུས་རྩེ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཆོགཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== བཞི་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་ཤུལ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྤ་རོ་ལུ་དམག་ཐག་ཆོད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ལོ་ངོ་ཕྱེད་དང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ གདན་ས་སྤུ་ན་ཁའི་རྫོང་ཆེན་བསྐྱར་བཞེངས་གནང་ནི་ལུ་ཤུགས་བཏོན་ཏེ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁའི་རྫོང་ནི་ལོག་ཨ་རྟག་ཧ་ལུགས་བཞེངས་ཏེ་ ནང་རྟེན་ནི་སངས་རྒྱས་སྟོང་གི་སྐུ་བརྙན་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་བཅུ་སོ་གསུམ་ ༡༨༣༣ ཆུ་སྦྲུལ་ལོའི་གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁར་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ ཧེ་མ་གི་ནང་འཁྲུགས་ནད་རོ་ལོང་བའི་ནང་འཁྲུགས་སྐབས་ བྱང་ཕྱད་ཚུ་གིས་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་ལུ་མཚོན་ཆ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་གཤགས་ནི་གུར་ཐུག་ཆིཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་ཕབ་བཏང་ད་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་ལྔ་པ་ ཨ་ཐང་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཨ་ཐང་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཀྱི་འདས་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་ལྔ་པ་ཨ་ཐང་ཕྲིན་ལས་ནི་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག་ཆ་འོག་ཤར་དར་བརྒྱད་པོའི་ཡ་གྱལ་ཨ་ཐང་ལས་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནི་དེ་གི་ མཚན་ཡང་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཟེར་བཞག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་ལྔ་པའི་མཚན་ ཨ་ཐང་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཟེར་དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་དགོ་པའི་ གནད་དོན་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ ཁོ་ར་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྒར་ལྟོ་མཛད་དེ་ རྫོང་གོང་མའི་སྒྲིག་ལུ་ཞུགསཔ་ལས་ མཚན་ཡང་འཁྲུངས་ཡུལ་གྱི་མིང་དང་སྦྲགས་ཏེ་ཨ་ཐངཔ་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཟེར་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་བའི་མཛད་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་ཕྱོགས་སྡེ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཕྱོགས་སྡེ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་གསུམ་ (༡༨༣༣) ཆུ་སྦྲུལ་ལོའི་གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁར་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་ཟིང་འཁྲུག་ལོངམ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་པའི་སྐུ་ལུ་བྱང་ཕྱད་ཀྱི་མཚོན་ཆ་ཉེན་འཚུབས་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ཕོག་སྟེ་ སྐུ་མ་ཉམས་པར་གནས་བཞུགས་ནིའི་རེ་བ་མེདཔ་སྦེ་འགྱོཝ་ལས་ ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་གསུམ་ (༡༨༣༣) ཆུ་སྦྲུལ་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༣ ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ གོང་གཟིམ་ཨ་ཐངཔ་ཕྲིན་ལས་ནི་གཞུང་དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་པའི་སྡེ་དང་ གཞུང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་ཤུལ། ====
===== དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་སྡེའི་ཉམས་གསོ། =====
&lt;big&gt;བསྐལ་པ་དེའི་སྐབས་ གཞུང་དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་ འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ དགེ་སློང་གསར་མ་བཙུགས་པར་ ཡུན་རིང་སོང་བ་ལས་ གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་རིགས་ཚན་ལ་ཁྱད་དུ་སོང་བ་ མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཨ་ཐང་ཕྲིན་ལས་མཆོག་གིས་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་བཞི་པ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ལུ་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ དགེ་སློང་གསརཔ་སུམ་བརྒྱ་ཉི་ཤུ་མཉམ་གཅིག་ལུ་གསར་བཙུགས་མཛད་དེ་གནང་བ་ལས་བརྟེན་ བསྟན་པའི་རྩ་བར་སྨན་པའི་མཛད་ཆེན་ལུ་གྱུར་ཏེ་ དུས་ད་ལྟའི་བར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་སོ་ལྔ་པ་ཨ་ཐང་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཀྱི་ཞལ་གྲངས་ཁལ་བཅུ་དྲུག་པ་ཟེར་བའི་གཏམ་སྙན་ཅན་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
===== སངས་རྒྱས་སྟོང་སྐུ་བཞེངས་འཕྲོའི་ལཱ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་སོ་བཞི་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཅིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་ལྔ་ (༡༨༣༥) ཤིང་ལུག་ཟླ་དང་པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་གི་ནང་རྟེན་སངས་རྒྱས་སྟོང་སྐུ་ བཞེངས་མ་ཚར་བ་ལུས་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ཡང་ མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ལཱ་གཡོག་གི་འགན་ཁུར་འདི་ རྗེ་ཤེས་རབ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་སྟེ་ ཆ་མཉམ་བསྒྲུབས་པའི་རབ་གནས་ནི་ མཁན་པོ་དང་སློབ་དཔོན་དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་ཀྱིས་ཐོག་ལས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== ཨ་སམ་ཌུ་ཝར་སི་བྷ་རི་གུ་མ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་བཞི་ (༡༨༣༤) ཤིང་རྟའི་ལོ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་དབང་འོག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ཨ་སམ་ཌུ་ཝརསི་བདུན་གྱི་ནང་གསེས་བྷུ་རི་གུ་མ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ བར་སྐབས་ཅིག་ལས་ འབྲུག་མི་སེར་གྱིས་རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་ལུ་ ས་ཁྲལ་ཅིག་སྤྲོད་དགོཔ་ཡོད་མི་གི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ཅིག་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་གིས་མངའ་འོག་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་ལུ་ ཞུ་ཡིག་ཅིག་ཕུལཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་ འབྲུག་གི་དབང་འོག་ལུ་རང་འཇགས་ཐོབ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པར་མངའ་གསོལ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་ཅིག་ (༡༨༣༡) ལྕགས་ཡོས་ལོ་ལུ་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་དགྲ་མེད་རྩེ་ཟེར་ས་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་ནི་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པ་དང་ སྐུ་གོང་མ་འཇིགས་མེད་གྲགས་པའི་ཡང་སྲིད་འཁྲུལ་མེད་དུ་ངོས་ཤེས་འདྲོངསམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་བཞི་ (༡༨༣༤) ཤིང་རྟ་ལོའི་ནང་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཨ་ཐང་ཕྲིན་ལས་དང་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཆོས་རྗེ་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་ཟུར་འཇམ་དཔལ་གྲྭགས་པ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་ལས་ཁུངས་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་གཞུང་ལུ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁར་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ མཚན་ཡང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་དཔལ་བཟང་པོ་ཟེར་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་སེངྒེའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་ལས་སྣ་མཐའ་མཇུག། =====
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཨ་ཐང་ཕྲིན་ལས་ནི་ སྨན་བཅོས་རིམ་གྲོ་གིས་ནད་བཀག་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་ནད་གཞི་བཅོ་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཅིག་གིས་བསྙུངས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་ལྔ་ (༡༨༣༥) ཤིང་ཕག་ལོའི་གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཞུགས་པའི་རིང་ལུ་ ཡུན་མ་རིང་བར་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་གཤགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ལོ་གཉིས་དང་ཕྱེད་དེ་ཅིག་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་དྲུག་པ་ ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ནམ་ཕུར་རྒྱལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== དང་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་པའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ཧེ་མ་སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་ཉེར་གཉིས་ (༡༨༢༢) ལས་ ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་གཅིག་ (༡༨༣༡) ཚུན་ལོ་ངོ་བཅུའི་རིང་ མི་དབང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་གསུམ་པ་ ༣༣ མཛད་པའི་མཐའ་མར་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ངོ་ལོག་དྲག་པོ་སློངམ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་ནུག། དེ་ལས་རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་ཟུར་གཉིས་དང་ སྡེ་ཟུར་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་དང་སྡེ་སྲིད་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ནང་འཁྲུག་སློངམ་ད་ ཆིངས་བསྒྲིགས་ཏེ་ཐུགས་སྣང་དག་པའི་ཐོག་ལས་བཞུགས་གནས་ཡང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་དབང་འདུས་རྩེ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཆོགཔ་བཟོ་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;

==== གཉིས་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གི་མཛད་སྒོ། ====
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཨ་ཐང་ཕྲིན་ལས་མཆོག་ནི་སྐུ་ལུ་བསྙུང་གཞི་གཅིག་བཞེས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སོ་ལྔ་ (༡༨༣༥) ཤིང་ལུག་ལོའི་གསོལ་ཐབས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ནི་དགོངས་པ་རྗོགས་སོངམ་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་དབང་འདུས་རྩེ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་འདི་ བླམ་དགེ་འདུན་པ་གཞུང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་དྲུག་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;

==== གསུམ་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་ཤུལ། ====
&lt;big&gt;མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་ལྔ་པ་མཆོག་སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སོ་དྲུག་ (༡༨༣༦) ཤིང་སྤྲེལ་ལོ་ལུ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཉེར་བཞི་པ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་དགོངས་པ་རྗོགས་སོངམ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་དང་ གྲྭ་ཚང་རྣམས་ནས་ རྗེ་ཤེས་རབ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཉེར་ལྔ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ ཀེབ་ཀྲིན་བྷོ་གིལ་དང་ ཀེབ་ཀྲིན་དཔལ་འབར་ཊེན་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་འདི་ཡང་ རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་ཀེབ་ཀྲིན་བྷོ་གིས་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཁ་སླབ་པར་བཏང་མི་འདི་ཡང་ དུས་སྐབས་དེ་ནང་འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་གིས་རྒྱ་གར་ནའོ་གཞུང་དང་ ད་རང་ག་ས་གནས་གཉིས་ནང་འཕྲོག་བཅོམ་འབདཝ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་མི་སེར་ལེ་ཤ་བཟུང་སྟེ་འབྲུག་ནང་བཏངམ་ལས་ཨིན་པས། ཀེབ་ཀྲིན་བྷོ་གིལ་འབྲུག་ལུ་བཏངམ་ད་ དེ་ཝང་གུ་རི་ཡིརྗོང་དཔོན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ དམག་འཁྲུག་ལོངས་ཏེ་བཱག་ས་དྲུ་ཨར་དེ་ཡང་ ཕྱི་གླིང་པ་ལུ་ཤོར་སོ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ཕྱི་གཞུང་ལས་ བཱག་ས་དྲུ་ཨར་ འབྲུག་ལུ་སྤྲོད་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་ཤོག་གནང་མི་དེ་ཡང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ ལྷོ་མཚམས་མི་སེར་ཚུའི་ཁོངས་ནས་ རྒྱ་གར་མི་སེར་སྟེང་དུ་དབང་བཙོང་དང་ཅ་ཆས་རྣམས་འཕྲོག་བཅོམ་ ས་ཁྲལ་ཆད་ལུས་བཞག་མི་ཚུ་ སྡེ་པ་ལུ་རྒྱུས་ཆ་མེདཔ་ལས་ ས་ཁྲལ་ཆད་ཚུ་དྲུ་ཨརསི་གི་རྗོང་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་ དགོཔ་སྦེ་སླབ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བག་ས་དྲུ་ཨར་ལོག་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཡི་གུ་བཏངམ་ལས་ཨིན་པས། ཨིན་རུང་ཕྱི་གཞུང་གྱི་བཀའ་ཤོག་འདི་ ས་མཚམས་ལས་ཐོགས་ཏེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་ཕྱག་ལུ་མ་འབྱོར་བས། &lt;br&gt;
བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་དགུང་ལོ་བདུན་བཞེས་མི་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་དང་རྗོང་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་ ངོས་ལེན་གནང་མི་འདི་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སོ་བདུན་ (༡༨༣༧) མེ་བྱ་ལོ་ལུ་ རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་གིས་ ཨ་སམ་དྲུ་ཨརསི་ཚུ རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་ཁོངས་སུ་བཞག་སྟེ་ ས་རིན་ལོ་བསྟར་ ༡༠,༠༠༠/- རེ་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཕུལ་རྒྱུའི་ཁ་སླབ་པར་ ཀེབ་ཀྲིན་དཔལ་འབར་ཏེན་ དེ་ཝང་གུ་རི་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ འབྲུག་ནང་བཏངམ་ལས་ཨིན། དེ་ལུ་ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ངོས་ལེན་མ་འབད་བར་ དོན་དག་མ་གྲུབ་པར་ལུས་ནུག། ད་རུང་སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ནི་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་མཛད་པའི་མཐའ་མ་ གཞོང་སྒར་རྫོང་དཔོན་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ གཞུང་ལུ་ངོ་ལོག་གི་དམག་སྤུ་ན་ཁར་ལྷོད་དེ་ ཟླ་དང་པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ འི་ནུབ་མོ་ རྗོང་འཕྱོག་ཆིཝ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་མཁན་ཆེན་གྱི་གཟིམ་ཅུང་ནང་ སྲོག་སྐྱབས་ཞུ་བར་བྱོན་ཏེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལས་ ཟུར་བཞུགས་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༣༨ ས་ཁྱི་ལོའི་གསོལ་ཐབ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁར་བཞུགསཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ས་སྐྱོང་མཆོག་དགོངས་ཞུའི་མཛད་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་ཟུར་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ལུ་ཉེས་སྐྱོན་ག་ནི་ཡང་མ་ཕོག་པར་བདེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ བདེ་བར་བཏོན་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ཡང་ གཞོང་སྒར་རྫོང་དཔོན་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་ཕབ་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཉེར་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་སློབ་དཔོན་ཡོན་ཏན་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྗོང་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་ཁྲི་འདུམ་མཛད་དེ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁའི་རྗོང་གཞིས་དེ་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ལུ་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་སྡེ་ཟུར་མཆོག་ཉེས་སྐྱོན་ག་ནི་ཡང་མ་ཕོག་པར་ བདེ་བར་བཏོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ མ་དགོན་པར་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ཚེ་མཇུག་བདེ་བར་སྐྱོངསཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་བརྒྱད་པ་ ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྡོ་རྗེའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== དང་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་གོང་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ནང་གསེས་སྟོད་ཝང་དར་ལུང་ཁ་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་བརྒྱད་པ་ ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་འདི་ནི་ མཚན་ལུ་ཡང་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཟེར་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག། ཁོ་ར་ ཧེ་མ་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་སྒར་ལྟོ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པའི་ལས་ཚན་གྱི་འགན་ཁུར་རིམ་པར་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཏེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ཐོབ་སྟེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== གཉིས་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གི་མཛད་སྒོ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་སུམ་བཅུ་སོ་བརྒྱད་ ༡༨༣༨ པའི་ས་ཁྱི་ཟླ་དང་པའི་ནང་ མི་དབང་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ ད་རུང་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཤོ་ཐེངས་གཉིས་པ་ ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་དྲུག་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ གཞོང་རྫོང་པ་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ གཞུང་ལུ་ངོ་རྒོལ་གྱི་དམག་དཔུང་ སྤུ་ན་ཁར་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ནི་རྐྱེན་ལུ་ཁྲི་ལས་ཕབས་ཏེ་ རྡོ་རྗེ་ནོར་བུ་འདི་དར་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བཏོནམ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་བློ་ཁར་མ་བབས་པར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༣༨ ས་ཁྱི་ཟླ་ ༤ པའི་ནང་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྡོ་རྗེ་དེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་སོ་བརྒྱད་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུཝ་ད་ རྗེ་ཤེས་རབ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ལས་དགེ་ཚུལ་གྱི་སྡོམ་པ་ཡང་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;  
==== གསུམ་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་ཤུལ། ==== 
=====༡. སྡེ་སྲིད་རྣམ་གཉིས་ཟུང་འབྲེལ། =====
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༣༨ ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁག་གཉིས་ལུ་གནས་ཏེ་ གསོལ་ཐབ་ཕེབས་བཞུགས་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ མཛད་སྟབས་མ་བདེ་བར་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་བླམ་མཁན་པོ་དང་ སྐུ་གཞོགས་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་ཚུ་གིས་ ལོ་ངོ་བཞིའི་རིང་ལོག་སྟེ་ར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༤༢ ཆུ་སྟག་ལོ་ལས་ཁྲི་འགྲིགས་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་རྣམ་གཉིས་ ཐུགས་མཐུན་མཉམ་གཅིག་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༤༨ ཚུན་ལོ་ངོ་ ༦ གི་རིང་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་མཉམ་རུབ་སྐྱོངས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༤༨ ས་སྤྲེལ་ལོ་ལུ་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་གུར་གཤགས་སོངམ་ལས་ དེ་ལས་ཚུར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཁོ་ར་གཅིག་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༠ ཚུན་ལོ་ངོ་ ༢ ཀྱི་རིང་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་སྐྱོངས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
=====༢. རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༢༩ པའི་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ། ===== 
&lt;big&gt;རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༢༨ པ་ངག་དབང་རིན་ཆེན་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༤༨ ལུ་ རྗེའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོངམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༤༨ ལུ་རྗེ་ཁྲི་ཟུར་པདྨ་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་ནི་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༢༩ པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
===== ༣. སྟོན་པ་ཐུབ་པའི་དབང་པོའི་སྐུ་བརྙན། ===== 
&lt;big&gt;གདན་ས་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་གི་ནང་རྟེན་དུ་ སྟོན་པ་ཐུབ་པའི་དབང་པོའི་སྐུ་བརྙན་ཆེན་པོ་འགྲན་ཟླ་དང་བྲལ་བ་ གསར་དུ་བཞེངས་ནུག། དེ་སྐབས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་ལས་ཀྱང་ ཞལ་འདེབས་ཚུ་ཕུལ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== ༤. བསྟན་སྤྱིའི་སྐུ་རིམ། ===== 
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༤༧ མེ་སྟག་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་ནང་ བསྟན་སྤྱིའི་སྐུ་རིམ་དོན་དུ་ ལྷ་མགོན་གྱི་སྲིད་པ་སྤྱི་མདོས་སྐུ་རིམ་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
===== ༥. ཆབ་འབངས་མི་སེར་ཡོངས་ལུ་གནང་སྦྱིན། ===== 
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༤༨ ས་སྤྲེལ་ལོར་ སྐུ་གཤེགས་པ་ནས་ འབྲུག་གི་སྡེ་སྲིད་དབང་ཚད་ ཧྲིལ་བུམ་ཕྱག་ལུ་ཐེབས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན་ལུ་ ཁ་བཞིའི་ཆབ་འབངས་མི་སེར་ཡོངས་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གནང་སྦྱིན་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
===== ༦. འཆམ་རོལ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྡོ་རྗེ། ===== 
&lt;big&gt;དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་འདུས་དེར་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་མེད་མི་ འགྲན་ཟླ་དང་འབྲལ་བའི་རོལ་མོ་སྤོ་གསང་གསར་དུ་བསྒྲུབས་ཏེ་ཕུལ་མི་ དེ་ལུ་ འཆམ་རོལ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཟེར་མི་ ད་ལྟོ་བར་ན་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཀྱི་སྙན་གྲགས་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt; 
===== ༧. སྤུངས་རྫོང་མེ་འཇིགས་ཐེངས་ལྔ་པའི་ཉམས་གསོ། ===== 
&lt;big&gt;སྤུངས་རྫོང་མེ་འཇིགས་ཐེངས་ལྔ་པ་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༤༩ ས་བྱ་ཟླ་ ༨ ཚེས་ ༢༣ ལུ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་བློན་ག་ར་སྡུག་བསྔལ་དཔག་ཏུ་མེདཔ་འབྱུང་རུང་ གོང་ས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་སྦོམ་མཛད་དེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་ཕྱོགས་སྤྲུལ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་ ཁྲི་སྤྲུལ་ངག་དབང་ཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ བྱམས་སྤྲུལ་བདུད་འཇོམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ མཁན་ཆེན་པདྨ་བཟང་པོ་བཅས་ཞལ་འཛོམས་ཐོག་ལས་ ལོ་འཁོར་ལུ་ཕྱི་གཟུགས་བསྒྲུབས་པའི་རབ་གནས་ཡང་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== ༨. མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༣༠ པའི་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ། ===== 
&lt;big&gt;མཁན་རབས་ཉེར་དགུ་པ་རྗེ་པདྨ་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༠ ལྕགས་ཁྱི་ཟླ་ ༣ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༣ ལུ་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་གཤགས་སོངམ་ལས་ དགེ་འདུན་གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཕེབས་ཅིག་ མཁན་རབས་སུམ་ཅུ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུའི་ཡོངས་འཛིན་ ངག་དབང་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༠ ལྕགས་ཁྱི་ལོའི་གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཕེབས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་གནོད་འཚེ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཐོབ་པ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་མ་བདེ་བར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུས་མཛད་དེ་ ཟླཝ་མ་འཁོརཝ་ལས་ ལྕགས་ཁྱི་ཟླ་ ༤ ཚེས་ ༢༩ ལུ་དགོངསམ་རྫོགསཔ་ད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ ལམ་སྟོན་སྤུར་སྦྱང་ཚུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་དགུ་པ་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་པོའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་གོང་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་སོ་དགུ་པ་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་ནི་ ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ཡ་གྱལ་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ སྨད་ཝང་ཁོངས་གཏོགས་མཁར་སྦིས་ལས་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནི་འདི་གི་ མཚན་ཡང་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཟེར་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ གཞུང་སྤུངས་ཐང་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པའི་ཕོ་བྲང་ནང་ལུ་ དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་པའི་སྡེ་ལུ་ཞུགས་ཏེ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་དང་ འབྲི་ཀློག་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཚུ་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་སྦེ་སྦྱངས་བརྩོན་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཤུལ་མ་ལས་ཀྱི་བཀོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ རྫོང་གོང་མའི་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལས་ཚན་ནང་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་ཏེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་གཉེར་ཆེན་གྱི་འགན་ཁུར་བཞེས་ཏེ་མཐར་མཁྱོལ་བྱུངམ་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་གི་ རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་བདག་རྐྱེན་བཞེས་ཏེ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་དུས་སྟབས་ཀྱི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ། ====
&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་ལྔབཅུ་ (༡༨༥༠) ལྕགས་ཁྱི་ལོའི་གཞུང་གྲྭ་ཚང་གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ནང་ཕེབས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་བཀྲིས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ ཤུགས་སྦེ་སྐུ་བསྙུངསམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་སྦེ་དགོཔ་ཐོནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་ལྔབཅུ་ (༡༨༥༠) འམ་རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ཉིས་བརྒྱ་དང་ རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་བཞི་པའི་ལྕགས་ཁྱི་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་ནང་ གཞུང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་འདི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་དགུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ====
&lt;big&gt;དེ་བསྒང་ འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཞབས་སུ་ སྤ་གྲོ་དཔོན་སློབ་བགྲེས་པ་ ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཨ་རྒས་ཧཱ་པ་དང་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཁྲི་པ་ཡོན་ཏན་རིན་ཆེན་ནམ་སྟག་གཟིག་སྒྲོལ་མ་གཉིས་མ་འགྲིགས་པར་འཁོན་འགྲེས་སྦོམ་ཞུགས་པའི་རྩོད་གཞི་གུར་ཐུགཔ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཁྲི་པའི་རེ་བ་དང་འདོད་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ གྲོས་ཆོད་བཏོན་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་ནི་ ཁྲི་ཁར་ཟླཝ་གསུམ་ཡང་མ་སོངམ་ལས་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཨ་རྒས་ཧཱ་པ་དང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཚ་ཕུགཔ་ཚེ་དབང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུའི་བླ་གཟིམ་བསོད་ནམས་དོན་གྲུབ་ཚུ་ བསམ་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་པའི་ཐོགས་ལས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་དང་བླ་གཟིམ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ བཀྲོང་དཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་གིས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཆོས་སྲིད་ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ བསྟན་པའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཡང་ ག་ནི་ཡང་ཞུ་ནི་ལུ་ གོ་སྐབས་བྱུང་མ་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;


=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཞི་བཅུ་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་ རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་བཞི་པའི་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༣༡ ལྕགས་ཡོས་ཟླཝ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༨ ལུ་ ཡབ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་དང་ ཡུམ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་མོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་དགྲ་མེད་རྩེ་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་པདྨ་དབང་གྲགས་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། དགུང་ལོ་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ སྐུ་གོང་མའི་ཡང་སྲིད་འཁྲུལ་མེད་ཀྱི་མངོན་ཤེས་མཁྱེན་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༣༤ ཤིང་རྟ་གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ཕེབས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་གདན་ས་ཡང་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་གདན་དྲངས་ཏེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༣༣ པ་ཨ་ཐངཔ་ཕྲིན་ལས་དང་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༢༤ པ་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་སྦེ་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་བའི་ཁར་ མཚན་ཡང་ངག་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ལུ་ དབང་ལུང་ཁྲིད་གསུམ་གྱི་གདམས་ངག་དང་ དགེ་བསྙེན་དང་དགེ་ཚུལ་ རབ་བྱུང་གི་སྡོམ་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༢༥ པ་ ཤེས་རབ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ལས་ཞུ་སྟེ་  རྗེ་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་དང་ ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གཉིས་ཡོངས་འཛིན་སྦེ་བསྟེན་ཏེ་ སྐུ་ཡོན་ཚུ་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༣༨ ལུ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལས་སྡེ་སྲིད་རྡོ་རྗེ་ནོར་བུ་དང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལས་སྡེ་སྲིད་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྡོ་རྗེ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ འཛིང་འཁྲུག་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཡབ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ ནང་ཁ་འགྲིག་པར་བྱོན་པའི་མཐའ་མར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་ཡང་སྲིད་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་སྦེ་མངའ་གསོལ་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༤༥ ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་རྣམ་གཉིས་དང་མཆོག་སྤྲུལ་རྣམ་པ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་དམ་བཅའ་ཞུཝ་ལས་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་དང་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་འགྲོ་དོན་མཛད་དེ་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་ར་ལྕགས་རི་དང་གསང་གླིང་ལུ་ཐུགས་དམ་གནང་སྟེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༠ ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་དང་ བླ་གཟིམ་བསོད་ནམས་དོན་གྲུབ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༣༩ པ་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་བཀྲོངས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༠ ཟླཝ་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཞི་བཅུ་པ་སྦེ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་དང་དབང་རྫོང་ དར་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་གསུམ་གི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ཐོག་ལས་ དབང་རྫོང་པ་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་འདི་རང་ཐག་རང་བཅད་སྦེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཞི་བཅུ་ཞེ་གཅིག་སྦེ་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་གིས་སྦེ་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ལངས་ཏེ་ ཨ་རྒས་ཧཱཔ་གིས་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བཀྲོངས་ནི་སྦེ་ དམག་རྒྱབ་ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་མཚོ་སྐྱིད་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལས་ཞུ་རུང་ ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ལུ་གླགས་འཁེལ་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ མཇུག་ལུ་ཨ་རྒས་ཧཱཔ་གི་གཡོ་འཕྲུལ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ ན་བཟའ་འབྲུམ་ནད་ཅན་ཅིག་ཕུལཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༡ ལྕགས་ཕག་ཟླཝ་ ༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༧ ལུ་ནད་ཐེབས་ཏེ་ཚེ་ལས་འདས་སོ་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་ཡང་ འབྲུམ་ནད་ཀྱིས་བཤེད་རུང་ཟླཝ་ ༡ དེམ་ཅིག་ཁར་སངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཁྲི་སྤྲུལ་བཞི་པ་ངག་དབང་ཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་སྐུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་ཏེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་མཛད་དེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
ལྷ་དང་བླ་མའི་ལུང་བསྟན་བཞིན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ ཨ་ཐང་ནང་ལས་ཕྱག་རྒྱ་མ་བདེ་ཆེན་མཚོ་མོ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ རྩ་རླུང་གི་སྒྲུབ་པ་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་རྟོགས་ལྡན་པའི་ཆས་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མཁན་རབས་ ༣༡ པ་རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་གཞུང་གྲྭ་ཚང་བླ་སློབ་ཚུ་གི་ཐུགས་ཁར་མ་བབས་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༡ ཟླཝ་ ༡༢ ཚེས་ ༧ ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་གིས་རྡོ་རྗེ་སློབ་དཔོན་བགྲེསཔ་ བར་ཅུང་པ་འདི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་གུར་བསྐོས་གནང་ནུག། ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་དགུང་ལོ་ ༣༣ བཞེས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བླམ་ཁྲིཔ་དང་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ འཇམ་མགོན་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་མཆོག་ གསེར་ཁྲི་གུར་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༣ ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་རྟ་ལོག་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ བླ་མའི་གདན་ས་སྒོ་རི་ནང་ ཀུན་སྣང་འོད་གསལ་དགོན་པར་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ཁྲིད་ཐེངས་གཅིག་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤ་གྲོའི་གཙོས་སའི་གནས་ཚུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ གདུལ་བྱའི་འགྲོ་དོན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་སྤ་རོ་སྒོ་རི་ནང་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ དགེ་སློང་ ༡༥ གིས་མཚན་འཛིན་བཏོགས་ཏེ་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཐོབ་ལམ་ཚུ་ཡང་མེདཔ་བཟོཝ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༩ ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་སྒོ་རི་ནང་ཡང་མ་བཞུགས་པར་ བོད་ཡུལ་ལུ་གནས་གཟིགས་པར་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ ཡུན་རིངམོ་སྦེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་བོད་ལུ་ཕེབས་ད་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་ ༡༢ པ་ཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ སྐུ་ན་མ་སྨིན་པ་ལས་ར་ སྒྲེང་ངག་དབང་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱིས་ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་ལུ་ དད་པ་དང་ཡིད་ཆེས་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་བརྩི་བཀུར་ཞུ་སྟེ་ ལོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་རིང་ལུ་ ཚེ་སྨོན་གླིང་གི་ཕོ་བྲང་ནང་བཞུགས་བཅུག་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་བོད་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཨ་རྒས་ཧཱཔ་གི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་སྡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་དྲོ་པ་གི་གསོལ་ཇ་བཞེས་ས་ལུ་ གསོལ་རྩམ་ཨ་ཁམ་གྱིས་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་གི་གཟུགས་བརྙན་ཅིག་བཟོ་ཡོད་པའི་གུར་ གསོལ་ཇ་བླུག་ནི་འབདཝ་ད་ ཨ་རྒས་ཧཱཔ་གི་བླུག་མ་གནང་ཟེར་ཞུཝ་ད་ བླ་མ་གིས་ཐུགས་སྨོན་གནང་ཚར་ཡི་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཏེ་ ཨ་ཙི་ཅིག་བླུགས་གནངམ་ད་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ཆུ་རུད་ཐོན་འོངམ་ལས་ ཕྱག་མཛོད་ཁ་ཐུག་གི་རྫོང་གཞིས་ཕྱེད་ཀ་འདི་ ཆུ་རུད་ཀྱིས་འབག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
བོད་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༠ ལུ་ལོག་སྟེ་འབྲུག་སྤ་རོ་སྒོ་རི་ནང་བྱོན་ཏེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་དགུང་ལོ་ ༣༡ བཞེས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༡ ལྕགས་བྱ་ལུ་དགོངས་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་ལུ་ཐིམ་སོ་ནུག། བླ་མའི་ཕྱག་རྒྱ་མ་ ཨ་ཐང་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཡོད་མི་ མཁའ་འགྲོ་བདེ་ཆེན་མཚོ་མོ་ལུ་སྲསམོ་རིན་ཆེན་མཚོ་མོ་ཟེར་མི་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ བརྒྱུད་པའི་རིགས་ལུ་ ཨ་ཐང་གསང་མོ་ཟེར་བའི་ཐ་སྙད་དེ་དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།།&lt;/big&gt;
 
=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཞི་བཅུ་ཞེ་གཅིག་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་མཆོག་ སྨད་ཝང་སི་ལི་ཁ་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དར་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་རྡོ་རྗེ་ནོར་བུ་གི་ནུ་གཅུང་ཨིན་མས། སྡེ་སྲིད་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་ སྒར་ལྟོ་སྦེ་འཛུལ་ཏེ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་ཚུ་གི་སྦྱང་བ་ཚུ་ཡང་ མཐར་ཕྱིནམ་སྦེ་ཐོབ་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ གོ་གནས་ཚུརིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ཡར་སེང་ཐོབ་ལས་ གཞོང་སྒར་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༣༨ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ངོ་ལོག་གི་དམག་ཐོན་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་དང་ དར་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་རྡོ་རྗེ་ནོར་བུ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྒར་པ་ཚུ་ རང་ལུགས་གནམ་ལོ་ས་ཁྱི་ཟླཝ་ ༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་གི་ཕྱོགས་ག་ར་ གསང་བའི་ཐོག་ལས་སྤུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དཔོན་སློབ་རྡོ་རྗེ་ནོར་བུ་དང་རྫོང་དཔོན་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་གཉིས་ ཁ་བསྡོམས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་ཕབ་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དཔོན་སློབ་རྡོ་རྗེ་ནོར་བུ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་རང་ཐག་རང་བཅད་ཐོག་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྫོང་དཔོན་ཁོ་ར་ གཟིམ་དཔོན་དང་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་གཉིས་སྦེ་བཞེས་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་སྐོར། 	 ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་བགྲེསཔ་ཨ་རྒས་ཧཱཔ་དང་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་ཡོན་ཏན་རིན་ཆེན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ཐོན་ཏེ་ ནང་འགྲིག་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལུ་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པའི་རྒྱབ་ལས་ཐོནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཨ་རྒས་ཧཱཔ་གིས་མ་རངས་པར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁ་ར་བཀྲོངས་ད་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་རྒྱབ་ལས་ དབང་རྫོང་པ་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཐོན་ཏེ་ དཔོན་སློབ་བགྲེསཔ་ཨ་རྒས་ཧཱཔ་གི་དམག་དཔུང་དང་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ཤུགས་ལངས་ཏེ་སྡོདཔ་ད་ དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་དང་གཞུང་གཉིས་ ཁ་བསྡོམས་ཐོག་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུཝ་ད་ རྫོང་དཔོན་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཁོ་ར་གིས་ རང་ཐག་རང་གིས་བཅད་ཏེ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
དབང་རྫོང་པ་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ རང་ཐག་རང་གིས་བཅད་ཐོག་ལས་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་མི་ལུ་ དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་དང་ གཞུང་དཔོན་ཁག་ཚུ་གི་ཐུགས་ཁར་མ་བབས་ལས་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ལང་ནི་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ དཔོན་སློབ་བགྲེསཔ་ ཨ་རྒས་ཧཱཔ་གིས་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལས་རྒྱབ་ཞུཝ་ད་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ལས་ དམག་དཔོན་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་དུང་དཀརཔོ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ སྐྱིད་ཚལ་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གསུམ་གྱིས་གཙོས་ ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ དམག་འཐབ་ད་ ཀྲོང་གསར་གྱི་དམག་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་ ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་དམག་ལུ་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་ལས་ དམག་རྒྱབ་ཡང་འཚོལ་དགོཔ་ཐོན་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཀྲོང་གསར་པའི་དམག་དཔོན་ཚུ་ ལོག་འབྱོནམ་ད་ དབང་འདུས་ལས་འབྱོན་མ་ཧུམ་པར་ མགར་ས་ལས་བསྐོར་ཏེ་བྱོན་དགོཔ་ཐོན་སོ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ འབྲུམ་ནད་ཤུགས་ཅན་ཅིག་ར་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དེ་བསྒང་དཔོན་སློབ་བགྲེསཔ་ཨ་རྒས་ཧཱཔ་གིས་ ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བཀྲོངས་ནིའི་འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ འབྲུམ་ནད་འཐོབ་མི་ཅིག་ལུ་ གོས་ཆེན་གྱི་གོ་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲཝ་ཅིག་གྱོན་བཅུག་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གོས་ཆེན་གྱི་གོ་འདི་ ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ལུ་ཕུལ་ནུག། གོ་འདི་མཐོངམ་ཅིག་ སེམས་ཆགས་པའི་དབང་གིས་ གོ་ཚད་བཏུབ་མ་བཏུབ་བལྟ་ནི་སྦེ་གྱོནམ་ད་ འབྲུམ་ནད་འབུ་བའི་སྟབས་ཀྱིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༡ གི་ལོ་ལུ་གཤགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་གཉིས་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་བར་ཅུང་པ་ (དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་) ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་འདི་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བར་ཕྱོགས་ལས་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཚན་ཡང་བར་ཅུང་པ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། བར་ཅུང་པ་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་དུས་སྐབས་ལས་ གཞུང་དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ བསླབ་བྱ་དམ་ཚིག་དང་སྡོམ་པ་ཚུ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཚན་ཡང་དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཏེ་ མཚན་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་དར་ཁྱབ་ཡར་སོ་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་མཆོག་ དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ འབྲི་ཀློག་གི་སྐུ་ཡོན་ཚུ་དང་ ཐོས་བསམ་སྒོམ་གསུམ་མཐར་ཕྱིནམ་སྦེ་སྦྱངས་ཏེ་ མཁས་པ་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འདུས་སྡེའི་ལས་མཚན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། འགན་ཁུར་ཚུ་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་མཛད་གནངམ་ལས་ རྡོ་རྗེ་སློབ་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ཡང་བཞེས་གནང་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ རྟ་ལང་ཁ་དགོན་པ་ལུ་ཐུགས་དམ་གནང་སྟེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཞི་བཅུ་པ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༢ ཟླཝ་ ༡༢ པའི་ནང་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ རྟ་ལོག་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཤེས་རབ་མཐར་ཕྱིན་དང་ དབང་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་ (བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་) ཚུ་ ནང་ཟིང་ལང་བའི་དུས་སྐབས་ལུ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༣༡ པ་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་ཟུར་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྒྱ་མཚོ། ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ། དེ་ལས་ དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་ཀྱིས་ མི་སེར་ཞི་བདེ་འབྱུང་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལུ་ཞལ་མཐུན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༢ ཟླཝ་ ༡༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༧ ལུ་ རྡོ་རྗེ་སློབ་དཔོན་བགྲེསཔ་དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ (བར་ཅུང་པ་) འདི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཞི་བཅུ་ཞེ་གཉིས་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;བྱམས་མགོན་ཡང་སྲིད་གསུམ་པ་ བདུད་འཇོམས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ (འཇམ་དབྱངས་བསྟན་འཛིན་)མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༢ ཟླཝ་ ༡༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༨ ལུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་གི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་བཅུ་བཞི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་འདིའི་སྐབས་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ འཇམ་མགོན་ཡང་སྲིད་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པའི་གསར་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནིའི་ལམ་ལུགས་གསརཔ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་དང་གསུང་སྤྲུང་གཉིས་དང་ སྲས་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྡོ་རྗེ། དེ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་ཚུ་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ཁར་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུཝ་ཨིནམ་མ་གཏོགས་ གཞན་ཞུ་གསོལ་མེདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
སངས་རྒྱས་གཉིས་པ་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གི་ལུང་བསྟན་དུས་ལུ་བབས་ཏེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་བཞི་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་གིས་ ཨ་ཐང་ལས་མཁའ་འགྲོ་མའི་མཚན་རྟགས་དང་ལྡན་པའི་བུམོ་བདེ་ཆེན་མཚོ་མོ་ གསང་ཡུམ་སྦེ་བཞེས་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ གཞུང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ སྡེ་པ་དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་ལུ་མ་བབས་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལས་ཕབ་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་གི་ཐོབ་ལམ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ག་ནི་ཡང་མ་ཐོབ་བཟོ་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ དགེ་འདུན་པ་ཞེ་གྲངས་ ༡༥ ལྷག་ཙམ་གྱི་མཚན་འཛིན་ཡང་བཏོགས་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཕ་མའི་ཤུལ་སྐལ་ཚུ་ཡང་གཞུང་བཞེས་མཛད་ཏེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མཆོག་ གདན་ས་རྟ་མགོ་ལུ་ཡང་བཞུགས་མ་བཅུག་པས། དེ་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཁོ་ར་ སྤ་རོ་སྒོ་རི་ནང་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཡོད་རུང་ འདི་ནང་ཡང་ཐུགས་མ་སྤྲོ་བ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ བོད་ལུ་བྱོན་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་བར་ཅུང་པ་ (དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་) མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་ཨུ་མ་དྷེ་ཝ་དང་ དབང་རྫོང་པ་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གོ་གནས་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ལས་ཧབ་ཐོབ་རྐྱབ་ཏེ་ ནང་འཁྲུག་བྱུང་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ འབངས་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ཡང་སྐྱིད་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་སྡོད་མ་ཚུགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་ར་ཡང་ བདེཝ་སྦེ་བཞུགས་མ་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༤ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་གསུམ་པ་ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་འཇམ་དབྱངས་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
  
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;བྱམས་སྤྲུལ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ མགར་ས་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༣༡ པའི་ལོ་ལུ་ དགོན་ཨ་མོ་རི་མུའི་གདུང་རབས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་། སེཝ་ལ་ཆོས་རྗེ་བྱམས་མགོན་ངག་དབང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ཡང་སྲིད་གསུམ་པ་ཨིན་མས། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་དུས་སྐབས་ལས་ བྱམས་མགོན་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྡོ་རྗེའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ལུ་ ངོས་འཛིན་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྐུ་ཡོན་དང་བསླབ་སྡོམ་ དེ་ལས་ སྨིན་གྲོལ་གྱི་གདམས་ངག་ཚུ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༢༥ པ་ རྗེ་ཤེས་རབས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༢༧ པ་ པདྨ་བཟང་པོ་གཉིས་ལས་གསན་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་གཉིས་པ་ རྡོ་རྗེ་སློབ་དཔོན་བགྲེས་པ་བར་ཅུང་པ་དང་ རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་མཆོག་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་གོ་གནས་ལས་ཕབ་བཏང་སྟེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༢ ཟླཝ་ ༡༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༨ ལུ་ བྱམས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་པ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༢ བཞེསཔ་ད་ རྒྱལ་ཚབ་སྦེ་བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་སྦེ་་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༤ ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་གཉིས་པ་ བར་ཅུང་པ་(དམ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་) མཆོག་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ གདན་ས་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་སྦེ་ བྱམས་སྤྲུལ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་གསུམ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་རྣམ་དང་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ====
&lt;big&gt;བྱམས་སྤྲུལ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་གསུམ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་མི་ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཤེས་རབ་མཐར་ཕྱིན་གྱིས་ འདི་ལུ་ངོས་ལེན་འབད་མ་བཏུབ་པར་ནང་འཁྲུག་ལངས་ཏེ་ དབང་རྫོང་པ་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་གྱིས་ བྱམས་སྤྲུལ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་གི་ཧོངས་ལས་ཐོན་ཏེ་ ཧེང་སྐལ་ར་ནང་ཟིང་བྱུང་ནུག། དེ་སྦེ་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ལངས་ཏེ་སྡོད་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ ཆིངས་འགྲིག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་སྟེ་ མི་སེར་ཞི་བདེ་བྱུང་བའི་དགའ་ཚོར་ལུ་ ཧེ་མ་གཞུང་ལུ་གདུང་བསམ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་ཁྲལ་ཕུལ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ཕུལ་མ་དགོཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཤར་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཁག་ཚུ་གཞུང་ལས་མངའ་གསོལ་གནང་སྲོལ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱིས་མངའ་གསོལ་གནང་ཆོག་པའི་བཀའ་ ཡིག་ཐོག་ལུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
བྱམས་སྤྲུལ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༥ ལུ་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༥ བཞེསཔ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ར་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་བཞི་བཅུ་ཞེ་བཞི་པ་དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༢ ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་གཉིས་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ སྡེ་ཁྲིའི་སྐོར་ལས་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་དང་ ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་ཨུ་མ་དྷེ་བ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ནང་འཁྲུག་འབྱུང་ས་ལུ་བལྟ་སྟེ་ཐུགས་སྐྱིད་ཏོང་ཏོ་ཅིག་མ་བྱུངམ་ལས་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་དང་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ནང་འཁྲུག་གི་བར་ན་ དགེ་འདུན་པའི་སྡེ་ཚུ་གིས་ལགཔ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཡོད་མི་ བྱམས་མགོན་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་གསུམ་པ་ འཇམ་དབྱངས་བསྟན་འཛིན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་གསུམ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུཝ་ད་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་ལུ་བཏུབ་རུང་ ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་ཨུ་མ་དྷེ་བ་ལུ་མ་བཏུབ་པར་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ལོངམ་ལོང་ས་ར་སྡོད་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་གིས་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ལས་དམག་རྒྱབ་ལེནམ་ད་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་གནས་སྟངས་དང་དམག་འཁྲུག་དེ་ཞི་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཐབས་ཤེས་བཏོན་ཏེ་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པའི་རེ་འདོད་བསྐང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཟུར་བར་ཅུང་དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཡང་ བྱམས་མགོན་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་དང་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་སྦེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་བཞི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་པ། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་དང་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་གི་རེ་བ་སྐང་ཐབས་ལུ་ བྱམས་མགོན་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་དང་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་སྦེ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ནང་འཁྲུག་དང་ནང་ཟིང་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ སྐབས་ཅིག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་སྐྱིད་ཏོང་ཏོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ཡང་ རང་ལུ་ཕོག་པའི་ཕྱག་འགན་འབག་སྟེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༥ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ བྱམས་མགོན་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་མཆོག་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁ་ར་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཡང་ ནང་འཁྲུག་འབྱུང་འོང་མནོ་བའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད་གནང་སྟེ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ ཁོ་རའི་གདན་ས་ སྤ་རོ་སྐྱིད་ལ་མགོན་པ་ལུ་བྱོན་བཞུགས་ནུག་གོ།།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་ལྔ་པ་ ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་ ༼ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས།༽ ===
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
		
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་དབང་རྫོང་ཆ་འོག་ ཤར་དར་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ནང་གསེས་ སྦེད་ནག་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མཚན་ལུ་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ལས་ར་ འབོད་སྒར་པའི་གྲལ་ཁར་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་ཏེ་ སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་དང་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཚུ་མཐར་ཕྱིནམ་སྦེ་སྦྱངས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཁོ་གི་རྨག་སྐུད་ལྕགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་ཁོ་ར་ དབང་རྫོང་པའི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་མཛད་རྣམ། 	 ====
	
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་བཞི་པ་དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༥ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མཚན་ལུ་ཡང་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཟེར་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག། དབང་རྫོངཔ་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་མཆོག་ གདན་ས་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་སྦེ་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུཝ་དང་དུས་མཉམ་སྦེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲི་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ནང་ལུ་ ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་ཨུ་མ་དྷེ་བ་ (ཤེས་རབ་མཐར་ཕྱིན་) གིས་ ཐག་རང་བཅད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་སྦེ་སྐྱོང་དགོཔ་ཐོན་སོ་ནུག། དེའི་བསྒང་ དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་དང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཕྱག་ལག་གནང་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལཝ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གསོལ་ཐབ་ཡང་ སྔར་ག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཞུགས་དགོཔ་པའི་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལ་མི་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ཡང་ ངོས་ལེན་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༧ གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ གོང་གཟིམ་གྲྭ་ཅུང་ལུ་བརྒྱུད་སྐུལ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ སྡེ་པ་ཤེས་རབ་མཐར་ཕྱིན་བཀྲོངས་ད་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྡེ་པ་བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་དང་ མགྲན་ཟླ་འབད་ཚུགས་མི་ག་ཡང་མ་ཐོནམ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡང་སྐབས་ཅིག་ཞི་བདེ་གི་ངང་ལུ་སྐྱོང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་གསར་བགྲེས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ནང་འགྲིག། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;ཧེ་མ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་སྐབས་ ཁྲི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལོ་གསུམ་བཞུགས་དགོཔ་དང་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཁོ་ར་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛདཔ་ད་ མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེའི་སྲས་ བཙན་འགྲུས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཁ་ཆེམས་ཡོད་རུང་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་མ་བཏུབ་ལས་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་བགྲེསཔ་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ནང་འཁྲུག་བྱུང་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་གི་སྲས་ བྱ་རྫོངཔ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ དམག་རྒྱབ་སྡེ་སྲིད་བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ལས་ཞུཝ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དམག་རྒྱབ་སྦེ་མེན་པར་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་གསར་བགྲེས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ནང་འགྲིག་རྐྱབ་མི་སྦེ་བྱོན་ནུག། སྡེ་ཚན་དེ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ནང་འགྲིག་བཟོ་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་མ་བཏུབ་ལས་ བྱ་རྫོང་པའི་གོ་གནས་ཡར་སེང་མཛད་དེ་ བྱ་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ལོག་སྟེ་མི་འཐོན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ ས་ཁོངས་ཚུ་ཡང་ འདྲན་འདྲ་སྦེ་བགོ་བཤའ་མཛད་དེ་ ནང་འཁྲུག་དེ་ཡང་དེ་ཅིག་སྦེ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་པའི་སྐོར། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༡ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ གསོལ་ཐབ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ནད་གཞི་དྲག་པོ་ཅིག་ཟུན་ཏེ་ དྲག་ར་མ་བཏུབ་ལས་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ ཡུན་མ་རིངམོ་ཅིག་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ར་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།།&lt;/big&gt;


=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་བདུན་པ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། 	 ====
		
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་པ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ དབང་འདུས་རྫོང་ཁག་ ཤར་སྦེད་ནག་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མཚན་དོན་གྲུབ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ རྫོང་གོང་མའི་སྒྲིག་ནང་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ གནག་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཚན་ལུ་གནག་རྫི་པ་སངས་ཟེར་ཞུ་གསོལ་དར་ནུག། དབང་རྫོངཔ་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་སྡེ་མཆོག་ ཁྲི་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ ཁོ་རའི་ཚ་བོ་གནག་དཔོན་གནག་རྫི་པ་སངས་འདི་ དབང་རྫོང་པའི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས། ====
		
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་ལྔ་པ་ ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་གྱིས་ སྡེ་པ་ཨུ་མ་དྷེ་ཝ་བཀྲོངས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་རང་རྐྱང་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལོ་ངོ་ལྔ་ལྷག་ཙམ་སྐྱོང་བའི་མཐའ་མ་ སྐུ་ལུ་བསྙུང་གཞི་ཚབས་ཆེན་ཅིག་གིས་བཏབ་སྟེ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དགོཔ་འཐོནམ་ད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༡ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་པ་ཁོ་རའི་ཚ་བོ་དོན་གྲུབ་འདི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་བདུན་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེའི་ཚེ་ རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་རའི་མཚན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;དབང་རྫོངཔ་དོན་གྲུབ་མཆོག་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ལོ་གཅིག་ར་མ་ལངསམ་ལས་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་གསུམ་པ་ རྗེ་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ར་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོཔ་ལས་ མཚན་ཉིད་སློབ་དཔོན་འོད་ཟེར་མཆོག་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་བཞི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཧེ་མ་ རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ སྡེ་པ་དམ་ཆོས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཀྱིས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་ནོར་བུ་གིས་གཙོས་ ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ དགེ་འདུན་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ མཚན་འཛིན་བཏོག་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བྱ་ངན་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༣ གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ བླམ་ལུ་ཐུབ་རུང་ བཀའ་སྲུང་ལུ་མི་ཐུབ་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཏེ་ བཀའ་སྲུང་ལུ་མ་མཉེས་པའི་ཕོག་ཐུག་ཨིན་ཟེར་ གསོལ་ཇ་བཞེས་པའི་སྐབས་ བཞེས་རྩམ་གྱིས་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་གི་གཟུགས་བརྙེན་བཞེངས་ཏེ་ དེ་གུར་གསོལ་ཇ་ཐིགས་པ་ཅིག་བླུགས་ཙམ་གྱིས་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཕྱེད་ཀ་ཅིག་ འཕྱག་བདའ་བའི་རྐྱེན་བྱུང་ནུག། རྐྱེན་འབྱུང་བའི་སྐབས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུ་ནིའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོད་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ལུ་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་གིས་ངོ་རྒོལ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ དམག་འཁྲུག་བྱུང་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ རྫོང་ཉམས་གསོ་གི་ལཱ་ཡང་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་མ་ཚུགས་པས། དེ་ཡང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་ལྔ་པ་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་དང་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་དོན་གྲུབ། སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་གསུམ་ དགའ་སེང་མར་ཚིག་ཁ་གི་རྨགཔ་འབདཝ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་མཆོག་ དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་གུར་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་དོན་གྲུབ་བཀལཝ་ད་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་འདི་ དབང་རྫོང་པའི་གོ་གནས་གནང་འོང་མནོ་བའི་རེ་བ་བསྐྱེད་རུང་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཁར་འབྱོནམ་ད་ དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་འདི་ དབང་རྫོང་སྦེ་མ་བཀལ་བར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དོན་གྲུབ་ཁོ་རའི་ཚ་བོ་ གཟིམ་དཔོན་སྲིད་རྒྱལ་ལུ་གནང་དཔ་ལས་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ གཞུང་མགྲོན་གཉེར་དང་གཞུང་བཀའ་བློན་ཚུ་དང་ཁ་བསྡོམས་ཏེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ལུ་ངོ་རྒོལ་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་སྲིད་རྒྱལ་དང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན། སྤ་གྲོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་སྡེ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དམག་ལུ་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པས། ཨིན་རུང་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་གིས་ ཕམ་ཁ་ལེན་མ་བཏུབ་པར་ བྱ་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་ལས་ དམག་རྒྱབ་འཚོལ་ནུག། སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་རྒྱབ་ཚུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཁ་ཐུག་འོངས་པའི་ལམ་ཁར་ དབང་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་དང་དམག་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད། ཀྲོང་གསར་པའི་དམག་དཔོན་ཚུ་ ཅང་ལུས་སྟོད་ལུ་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ གཞུང་གི་དམག་དང་ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་དམག་སྡེ། དབང་རྫོངཔ་སྲིད་རྒྱལ་ཚུ་དང་དམག་འཐབ་ད་ གཞུང་དམག་གི་གཙོས་པའི་ཐིམ་ཕུག་དང་ དབང་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་ཕམ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གཞན་ཚུ་བྱོག་ཐལ་ཡོད་རུང་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་སྲིད་རྒྱལ་དང་ ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་ཀརྨ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་བྱོག་མ་ཐལ་བར་ ཀྲོང་གསར་པའི་དམག་སྡེ་དང་སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་སྡེ་གི་ལག་པར་ཚུད་སོ་ནུག། སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་དང་བཀའ་བློན་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ དགྲ་ལག་པར་ཚུདཔ་ད་བཞག་ནི་མི་འོང་ཟེར་སླབ་རུང་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ ཁོ་རྫོང་དཔོན་གཉིས་ཕྱིའི་དགྲ་མེན་པར་ ནང་གི་དགྲ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ ཁོང་རྫོང་དཔོན་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ ད་ལས་ཕར་ ངོ་རྒོལ་གྱི་བྱ་ངན་ལུ་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་ནི་མེད་པའི་ཁར་ རྫོང་དཔོན་རང་སོའི་ཁྱིམ་ནང་སྡོད་ནི་མ་གཏོགས་ ས་གནས་སོ་སོ་དང་ ཐ་ན་རྫོང་གཞིས་སོ་སོ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་འགྱོ་མ་ཆོག་པའི་གན་རྒྱ་བཟོ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཁོང་རྫོང་དཔོན་གཉིས་ཚེ་ཐར་བཏང་ད་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཁོ་ར་ ཁོ་རའི་རེ་འདོད་ལྟར་དུ་ དབང་རྫོང་པའི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་ཁོ་ར་ལུ་ ཆ་རོགས་འབད་བའི་དགའ་ཚོར་ལུ་ གཞུང་མགྲོན་གཉེར་བཀྲ་ཤིས་འདི་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་ནུག།  དེ་ལས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྤུན་ཆ་ རྟ་དཔོན་ཁ་གསར་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་འདི་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པའི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== དགོངསམ་ཞུ་བའི་སྐོར། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ལུ་ ཕྱིའི་གཞུང་ལས་ ས་མཚམས་ནང་སྡོད་མི་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ཉེས་མེད་ཕྱི་མི་ཚུ་བཙན་ཁྲིད་འབད་བའི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཡི་གུ་ལེན་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་ར་བཏང་རུང་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལས་ལན་གསལ་མེདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཕྱི་མི་ཚུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་མཇལ་བར་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལྷོད་རུང་ མཇལ་ཁ་མ་གནང་པར་ ཁོ་གི་ཚབ་ གཟིམ་སྒརཔ་གཏང་ནི་སྦེ་ཡོད་རུང་ ནང་འཁྲུག་འདི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ གཏང་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ལུས་སོ་ནུག། དེ་སྦེ་སྡོད་པའི་བར་ན་ར་ གཞུང་དགེ་འདུན་པ་གི་ཧོངས་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་ཕམ་སོཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཞུ་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༣ གི་ལོ་ལུ་དགོངས་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སྤ་རོ་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག་གོ།།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་བརྒྱད་པ་ཚེ་དབང་སྲིད་ཐུབ་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
		
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་བརྒྱད་པ་ ཚེ་དབང་སྲིད་ཐུབ་མཆོག་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ནང་གསེས་ སྨད་ཝང་མཁར་སྦིས་ས་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ རྫོང་སྒར་ལྟོའི་སྒྲིག་ནང་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རིམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་གི་གཉེར་ཆེན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེའི་ཚེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ རང་གི་འགན་ཁུར་འཐུས་ཤོར་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་ཁྲི་གུར་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་གུར་བྱོན་པའི་སྐོར། 	 ====
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་བདུན་པ་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྣམས་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་དམག་ལས་ཕམ་སོཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ གཞུང་དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ དགོངས་ཞུ་དགོཔ་སྦེ་བསྐུལ་མ་གནངམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༣ གི་ལོ་ལུ་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་ཚེ་དབང་སྲིད་ཐུབ་འདི་ དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་ཀྱི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་བརྒྱད་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྨད་ཝང་ལས་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྟོད་ཝང་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་ཚེ་དབང་སྲིད་ཐུབ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཨིན་ཟེར་ངོས་ལེན་འབད་མ་བཏུབ་མ་ཚད་ ནང་འཁྲུག་སློང་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ རྗེ་སྐུ་བགྲེས་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་བཤད་སྒྲུབ་འོད་ཟེར་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ཞི་ཐབས་ལུ་  ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཡོན་ཏན་འདི་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བཀལ་ད་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བགྲེསཔ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་འདི་ལུ་མ་རངས་པར་ དྲག་པོའི་ལེན་མཇལ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཟི་ལུ་ཁ་པ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཡོན་ཏན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ ལོ་གཅིག་ར་མ་བཞུགསཔ་ལས་གཤགས་སོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཡོན་ཏན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་གཤགས་སོ་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ དོ་རུང་ སྟོད་ཝང་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ ནང་འཁྲུག་སློང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགསཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཚེ་དབང་སྲིད་ཐུབ་ཡང་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་གུར་ལོ་གཅིག་ཙམ་བཞུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༤ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་དགུ་པ་ ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ།	 ====
		
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་པ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཡོན་ཏན་མཆོག་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་སྟོད་ཝང་གི་ནང་གསེས་ ཀ་ཝང་ཟི་ལུ་ཁ་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་སྡེ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ གར་ཐིག་དབྱངས་གསུམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་དགེ་འདུན་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཚུ་ལུ་མཐར་ཕྱིནམ་མ་ཚད་ ཆོས་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་འགན་ཚུ་ཡང་གྲོལ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་སྐོར། 	 ====
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་ཀྱིས་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ཐོག་ལས་ ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་ཚེ་དབང་སྲིད་ཐུབ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོད་རུང་ སྟོད་ཝང་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ ནང་འཁྲུག་སློང་བའི་སྐབས་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ཞི་ཐབས་ལུ་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་བཤད་སྒྲུབ་འོད་ཟེར་གཉིས་ཐུགས་མཐུན་ཐོག་ལས་ ཆོས་ཁྲིམས་བགྲེསཔ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཡོན་ཏན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་ཚེ་དབང་སྲིད་ཐུབ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་དེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་དགུ་པ་ལུ་གྱུར་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་གཤགས་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས།	 ====
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་བརྒྱད་པ་ ཚེ་དབང་སྲིད་ཐུབ་མ་བཏུབ་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་ སྟོད་ཝང་མི་སེར་གྱིས་ ནང་འཁྲུག་སློང་སྟེ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་ ཟི་ལུ་ཁ་པ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཡོན་ཏན་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་མི་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བགྲེསཔ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མ་རངས་པར་ རྗེ་བཤད་སྒྲུབ་འོད་ཟེར་ལུ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ མནན་བསྲེགས་འཕངས་གསུམ་གྱི་དྲག་པོའི་ལན་མཇལཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཡོན་ཏན་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༤ ལུ་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ལོ་གཅིག་ར་མ་ལངསམ་ལས་གཤགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་བཅུ་པ་དཀར་བརྒྱུད་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ལྔ་བཅུ་པ་ དཀར་བརྒྱུད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ སྤ་རོ་ཤར་པ་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་སྡེ་ནང་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྗེ་ཤེས་རབ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་རྩ་བའི་བླམ་སྦེ་བསྟེན་ཏེ་ གར་ཐིག་དབྱངས་གསུམ་དང་མན་ངག་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རིག་གནས་ལུ་མཁས་པ་སྦྱངས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ ཁོ་རའི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ བལ་པོ་རྒྱལ་པོའི་དབུ་ལྷ་སྦེ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གངས་རི་འབྲུག་མགོན་པའི་བདག་སྐྱོང་སྦེ་ཡང་མཛད་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ ལོག་སྟེ་འབྲུག་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ འབུལ་བ་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ་ཕུལཝ་ལས་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཐོན་སོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==== 
				
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་དགུ་པ་མཆོག་ ནང་འཁྲུག་བྱུང་བའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ དཔོན་སློབ་དང་ རྫོང་དཔོན་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ ཆགས་སྡང་ཕྱོགས་རིས་སྦོམ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འདི་ཞི་ཐབས་ལུ་ དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ གངས་རི་བླ་ཟུར་དཀར་བརྒྱུད་དབང་ཕྱུག་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༤ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་བཅུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
 			
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༢ ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་བདུན་པ་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གི་བཏང་བའི་གྲོས་འཆར་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལས་ངོས་ལེན་འབད་མ་བཏུབ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་དོན་གཅོད་པ་ ཨེཤི་ལི་ཨི་ཌེན་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༤ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་དོན་ཚན་བཅུ་ཐམ་ཅན་འདི་འབག་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ བློ་སླབ་པར་ཐག་རང་བཅད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ལྷོད་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་གཙོས་ཏེ་ གཞུང་ལྷན་ཚོགས་དང་ཁ་སླབ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་བཅུ་པ་དང་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་དང་ཡང་ མཇལ་འཕྲད་བྱུང་ནུག། ཕྱི་གླིང་པའི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་ནང་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གི་སྐུ་ཚབ་འབྲུག་ལུ་བཙུགས་ཆོགཔ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཚོང་ཁྲལ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ འབྲུག་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་ཆོགཔ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་ངོས་ལེན་འབད་མ་བཏུབ་མ་ཚད་ ཧེ་མ་ཕྱི་གཞུང་གི་ལག་པར་ཚུད་མི་ ཨ་སམ་དྲུའར་ཚུ་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ་ལོག་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་འབད་དགོཔ་དང་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གིས་འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ་ ས་ཁྲལ་དང་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ ལོ་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་ ཏི་རུ་འབུམ་གསུམ་སྤྲོད་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་སོ་སོ་ཅིག་ར་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་ཧོངས་ལས་བཟོ་སྟེ་ ཨུ་ཚུགས་རྐྱབ་ཐོག་ལས་ ས་ཡིག་རྐྱབ་བཅུག་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
 
==== སྡེ་པ་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། 	 ====
		
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ ཧེ་མ་གངས་རི་བླམ་མཛད་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ གངས་རི་བླམ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་མེད་པའི་ལུགས་ མི་བསྐྱོད་རྡོ་རྗེའི་གསང་བ་འདུས་པ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ དབང་ལུང་བཅས་ཞུ་དགོཔ་སྦེ་བཀའ་སྐུལ་གནངམ་ལས་ བླམ་གིས་ཡང་ རྗེ་གིས་བཀའ་གནངམ་བཞིན་དུ་མཛད་དེ་ ལོག་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ད་ དབང་ལུང་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ཅིག་ རྗེ་ལུ་ཕུལ་ནུག། དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་བསྟན་འགྲོ་ལུ་ཕན་སྦོམ་ཐོགས་པའི་དབུ་བླ་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ སྐུ་ཚེ་གི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་མ་བྱུངམ་མ་ཚད་ སྡེ་པ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་གུར་ ལོ་གཅིག་ར་མ་བཞུགསཔ་ལས་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།།&lt;/big&gt;


=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་གཅིག་པ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ཚེ་དབང་སྲིད་ཐུབ་ཀྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། 	 ====
	
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་གཅིག་པ་ ཚེ་དབང་སྲིད་ཐུབ་མཆོག་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ནང་གསེས་ སྨད་ཝང་མཁར་སྦིས་ས་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ རྫོང་སྒར་ལྟོའི་སྒྲིག་ནང་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རིམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་གཉེར་ཆེན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེའི་ཚེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གིས་ རང་གི་འགན་ཁུར་འཐུས་ཤོར་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་ཁྲི་གུར་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས། 	 ====
	
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་བཅུ་པ་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོཔ་ལས་ དགེ་འདུན་པའི་སྡེ་གིས་ཞུཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ སྡེ་པ་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ཚེ་དབང་སྲིད་ཐུབ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༤ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། 	༼ཕྱིའི་དམག་གི་གདོང་ལེན།༽ === 
	
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༤ ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་བཅུ་པའི་སྐབས་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་ལས་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་འབག་འོང་མི་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གི་དོན་གཅོདཔ་ ཨེཤི་ལི་ཨི་ཌེན་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ ཕྱི་གླིང་པའི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་འདི་ ངོས་ལེན་མ་མཛདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གིས་འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ་ ས་ཁྲལ་བཏབ་དགོཔ་ལ་སོགས་པ་བཀོད་ཡོད་པའི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་གུར་ ས་ཡིག་རྐྱབ་བཅུགཔ་ལས་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གི་དོན་གཅོདཔ་ ཨེཤི་ལི་ཨི་ཌེན་ རྒྱ་ལུ་ལོག་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ སྙན་ཞུ་ངན་པ་ཕུལཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གིས་ རྒྱ་འབྲུག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ས་མཚམས་བེང་གཱལ་དྲུའར་ ༡༡ ག་ར་ གཏན་འཇགས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་བཙན་ལེན་འབད་ནི་སྦེ་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གི་དམག་མི་ སྟོང་ཕྲག་བཅུ་ཐམ་དེ་ཅིག་ འབྲུག་གི་ས་མཚམས་སོ་སོ་ལས་ཕར་གཏང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། དེའི་གདོང་ལེན་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལས་ ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་ཁ་གསར་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་དང་ བཀའ་བློན་མ་མཁལ་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་དམག་མི་ཚུ་ དཔག་བསམ་ཁ་ལས་མར་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཉི་མ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ གཞུང་མགྲོན་གཉེར་དམ་ཆོས་རིན་ཆེན་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་དམག་མི་ཚུ་ ཇའི་སྒང་ལས་མར་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དབང་རྫོངཔ་དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་དང་ དར་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་དམག་མི་ཚུ་ གསར་སྤང་ལས་མར་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ བྱ་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་རྒྱལ་མཚན། བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་གཟིམ་དཔོན་བསོད་ནམས་དོན་གྲུབ་གསུམ་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་དམག་མི་ཚུ་ བདེ་བ་ཐང་ལས་མར་བཏང་སྟེ་ ཕྱི་གླིང་པའི་དམག་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཕྱད་མདའ་རྐྱབ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། དེའི་ཚེ་ གསར་སྤང་ལས་མར་འགྱོ་མི་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་དང་ དར་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ གནས་ཚུལ་འདི་དང་འདི་ཟེརཝ་ཅིག་ ག་ནི་ཡང་མེདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞན་ཇའི་སྒང་དང་ དཔག་བསམ་ཁ་ལས་འགྱོ་མི་དམག་མི་ཚུ་ ཕྱི་གླིང་པའི་དམག་ལས་ཕམ་སོཔ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་གི་ས་གནས་ཅ་མར་མི་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ དཔག་བསམ་ཁ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ ཕྱི་གླིང་པའི་ལགཔ་ལུ་ཤོར་སོ་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ བདེ་བ་ཐང་ལས་མར་འགྱོ་མི་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་དང་ བྱ་དཀར་དཔོན་སློབ། དེ་ལས་ གཟིམ་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་ འབྲུག་པའི་ས་གནས་བདེ་ཝང་གུ་རི་ལས་ བདེ་བ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཤོར་སོ་རུང་ ལོག་ཕྱི་དམག་དང་ཕྱད་མདའ་རྐྱབ་ད་ རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཕྱི་གླིང་པའི་དམག་སྡེ་ཚུ་ འབྲུག་གི་ས་མཚམས་བརྒལ་ཏེ་བདའ་བཏང་ནུག། ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ ཕྱི་གླིང་པའི་མེ་སྒྱོགས་སྟོབས་གཉིས་དང་ མཚོན་ཆ་ཚུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ལུ་བསྣམས་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ཕྱི་གཞུང་དང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ། === 
		
&lt;big&gt;དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ར་ ཕྱི་གླིང་པའི་དམག་ཚུ་གིས་ དམག་ལེན་ལོག་རྐྱབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ འབྲུག་པའི་ས་གནས་བདེ་བ་ཐང་ཚུན་ཚོད་ ཕྱིའི་དམག་ལུ་ཤོར་སོ་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ ཕྱི་གླིང་པའི་དམག་སྡེ་ཚུ་གིས་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ་ ཧེ་མ་ཤོར་ཡོད་པའི་མེ་སྒྱོགས་སྟོབས་གཉིས་དེ་ བལ་པོ་ལས་བརྙ་འབག་འོངས་འོངསམ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་ལུ་ལོག་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་དགོཔ་སྦེ་སླབ་སྟེ་ ཞི་བའི་གསུང་གྲོས་གནང་དགོ་པའི་ཞུ་བ་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གལ་སྲིད་ཞི་བའི་གསུང་གྲོས་གནང་ནི་གུར་མ་གནས་པ་ཅིན་ ཕྱིའི་དམག་ཚུ་ འབྲུག་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་བཏང་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་གི་ས་ཆ་ག་ར་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གི་འོག་ལུ་བཙུགས་ནི་ཟེར་སླབ་པའི་སྐབས་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་ཧོངས་ལས་ཡང་ ཞི་བའི་གསུང་གྲོས་གནང་ནི་གུར་མཐའ་གཏོགས་ནུག། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་དང་ཆིངས་ཡིག་དོན་ཚན་བཅུ་ཐམས་ཅན་མ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་སྐུ་ཚབ་སྦེ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་གཙོས་ སྡེ་པའི་གཟིམ་དཔོན་བསམ་གྲུབ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ གཞུང་གི་གཉེར་ཆེན་དམ་ཆོས་རིན་ཆེན་ཚུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༥ ཟླཝ་ ༡༡ པ་ལུ་ ས་གནས་སུན་ཅུ་ལ་ལུ་བཏང་ནུག། “ཆིངས་ཡིག་འདི་ནང་ འབྲུག་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་རྒྱ་གཞིས་ བེང་གཱལ་དྲུའར་ ༡༡ དང་ དྷ་ལིམ་རྫོང་། འབྲས་ལྗོངས་སྨད། རྡོ་རྗེ་གླིང་ཕྱོགས་དང་བཅས་པའི་ས་ཁོངས་ག་ར་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གི་གཏན་འཇགས་སྦེ་དབང་ནི་དང་། དེ་ཚུ་གི་ཚབ་ལུ་ ལོ་བསྟར་གྱི་ས་ཁྲལ་ཧེ་མ་ ཨ་སམ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་འཐོབ་ནི་ཡོད་པའི་ཁྲལ་བཅས་བསྡོམས་དངུལ་ཀྲམ་༥༠,༠༠༠ རེ་ཕྱི་གཞུང་གིས་འབྲུག་ལུ་སྤྲོད་དགོཔ་དང་ ཕྱི་འབྲུག་མཐུན་ལམ་ལུ་གནས་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་དོན་ཚན་ ༡༠ ཚུད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།” ༼ སངས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ། (༢༠༡༧) འབྲུག་གི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ་དེབ་ཐེར་དཔྱོད་ལྡན་དགྱེས་པའི་དོ་ཤལ་གྱི་ཤོག་གྲངས ༤༠༩ ༽ ཆིངས་ཡིག་འདི་བཟོ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ རྒྱ་འབྲུག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ས་མཚམས་འདི་ གཏན་འཁེལ་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་དང་རྗེ་མཁན་པོའི་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ། 	 ===
	
&lt;big&gt;ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ལྔ་པ་ ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་མཆོག་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅོ་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༥ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་བཞི་པ་ རྗེ་བཤད་གྲུབ་འོད་ཟེར་ མཁན་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
=== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། 	 ===
	
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ར་བཀྲོངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ན་ ཁ་གསལ་སྦེ་བཀོད་དེ་མེད་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲི་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་གཉིས་པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༧ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་ དཔེ་ཆ་ཚུ་ནང་བཀོད་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་དང་དམག་ལེན་གྲངས་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ཡང་བྱུང་དང་འབྱུང་བཞིན་པ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ མ་རངས་པའི་མི་ངན་ཚུ་གིས་བཀྲོངས་ཡོདཔ་ ཚད་དཔག་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་གཉིས་པ་ མཚན་སློབ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་པད་དཀར་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་འཁྲུངས་ཡུལ་དང་ འཁྲུངས་པའི་ཟླ་ཚེས་ཚུ་ ཆོས་འབྱུང་ག་ཏེ་ཡང་བཀོད་དེ་མེད་རུང་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ གྲྭ་སྡེ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ གྲྭ་སྡེའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་དང་ གར་ཐིག་དབྱངས་གསུམ་ལུ་ མཁས་པ་སྦྱངས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་དང་མན་ངག་ཚུ་ལུ་ མཁས་པ་གྱུར་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ མཚན་ཉིད་བཤད་གྲྭའི་སློབ་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས། 	 ====
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་གཅིག་པ་ ཚེ་དབང་སྲིད་ཐུབ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༧ ལུ་ གཤགས་སོཔ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་དང་ དཔོན་སློབ་རྫོང་སློབ་ཚུ་གིས་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ལུ་ སྡེ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་འབྱོན་དགོ་པའི་ཞུ་བ་དང་གསོལཝ་བཏབ་སྟེ་་ར་འབད་རུང་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་ཟུར་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ན་བགྲེས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བསྟན་འགྲོ་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་འབྱུང་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་ང་ལུ་མི་འབྱུང་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཏེ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་འབྱོན་ནིའི་ཁ་བཟེད་མ་བཏུབ་པས། གལ་སྲིད་ བསྟན་འགྲོ་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་སྐྱེས་བུ་གཅིག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་དགོཔ་སྦེ་གསུངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་སློབ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་པད་དཀར་ལུ་ འོས་འབབ་ཡོད་པའི་བཀའ་བསྐུལ་གནངམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༧ རང་ལུགས་གནམ་ལོ་མེ་མོ་ཡོས་ལོ་ རབ་འབྱུང་བཅོ་ལྔ་པའི་རང་ཟླ་ལྔ་པའི་ཡར་ཚེས་ལུ་ མཚན་སློབ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་པད་དཀར་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་གཉིས་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== རྫོང་དཔོན་དང་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ ནང་འགྲིག་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་པའི་སྐོར། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;མཚན་སློབ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ལོ་དེ་ནང་ར་ ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་ཁ་གསར་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་དང་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་བྲང་བཀྲི་ཤིས་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚེ་དབང་ཆོས་འཛོམས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བལ་པོའི་ན་ལས་ཨིན་མི་འདི་ ཨརཝ་བརྐུ་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་ཁ་གསར་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་བསད་དེ་ བཀའ་བློན་ཀ་ཝང་མ་མཁལ་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པའི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་ ཐག་རང་བཅད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། འདི་ལུ་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་བྲང་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ངལ་མ་རངས་པར་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་བགྲེསཔ་ཤར་སྲིད་རྒྱལ་ལས་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ལེན་ཏེ་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་དང་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་སྡེ་ ཕྱད་མདའ་རྐྱབ་རུང་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་དང་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་བགྲེས་པའི་དམག་གིས་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་དང་ དབང་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་ལུ་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་དང་ དབང་རྫོང་བགྲེས་པའི་དམག་ཚུ་ཕམ་ནི་གུར་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་བྲང་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཀྱིས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ལས་དམག་རྒྱབ་ཞུ་དགོཔ་ཐོན་སོ་ནུག། ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཡང་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ ཁོ་རའི་སྐུ་ཉེ་ ཁ་གསར་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་བསད་མི་ལུ་ངལ་མ་རངས་པར་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་བགྲེསཔ་ཉིམ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་འཕྲིན་ལས་བཟང་པོ་གཉིས་ལུ་ དམག་རྒྱབ་ཀྱི་བརྡ་བསྐུལ་ཏེ་ ཕྱད་མདའ་རྐྱབ་ནུག། སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་དམག། དབང་རྫོང་བགྲེས་པའི་དམག་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་དམག་སྡེ། སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་དམག་སྡ་དང་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པའི་དམག་ཚུ་ཁ་བསྡོམས་ཏེ་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་དང་དབང་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཕྱད་མདའ་རྐྱབ་ཏེ་ ཡུན་རིངམོ་ཡར་་སོ་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཕམ་ཕྱེ་མ་ཚུགས་པས། དེ་སྦེ་སྡོད་པའི་བར་ན་ར་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་ཀྱིས་ མི་སེར་གྱི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ཞི་དགོ་པའི་ཞི་འདུམ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ཅིག་གི་བར་ན་ར་ སྤོ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཉིམ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་འཕྲིན་ལས་བཟང་པོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ མ་འགྲིགསཔ་ཐོན་ཏེ་ དོ་རུང་མི་སེར་བདེ་སྐྱིད་མེདཔ་སོང་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་དཔོན་སློབ་ཁག་ཚུ་ ནང་འགྲིག་བཟོ་བར་བཏང་སྟེ་ ནང་འགྲིག་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཐའ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
 			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་དང་ཐིམ་རྫོང་པའི་ནང་འཁྲུག། བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་དང་སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ནང་འཁྲུག་ལུ་བརྟེན་ ཐུགས་སྐྱིད་ཏོང་ཏོ་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཞུགས་མ་ཚུགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྐུ་ཡང་བགྲེས་སོཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཚན་སློབ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་པད་དཀར་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་ལོ་གཅིག་ར་བཞུགས་མ་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ལོ་འདི་ལུ་ར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;


=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་གསུམ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ།	 ====
ལུང་བསྟན་ཅན་གྱི་སྐྱེས་མཆོག་ གཏེར་ཆེན་པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་གསུམ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ ཡབ་པི་ལ་མགོན་པོ་དབང་རྒྱལ་དང་ ཡུམ་བསོད་ནམས་སྒྲོལ་མ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༡༧༥ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༢༥ རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་བཞི་པའི་ཤིང་མོ་བྱ་ལོ་ལུ་ ངོ་མཚར་བའི་རྟགས་མཚན་དང་བཅས་ ཀུར་སྟོད་ལུ་སྦེ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ རྩིས་གཞུང་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་མཚན་ཡང་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། 
==== ཕྱག་འགན་དང་གོ་གནས་གཞན་བཞེས་གནང་པའི་སྐོར། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྐྱེས་ལོ་ ༡༢ དེ་ཅིག་བཞེས་པའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ཁོ་རའི་གཉིད་ལམ་ནང་ ཁོ་གི་གདུལ་བྱ་ཀྲོང་གསར་དང་བུམ་ཐང་ཁ་ཐུག་ཡོདཔ་ ལོག་ཅི་ལོག་ཅི་ར་གཟིགསཔ་ལས་ ཁོ་དགུང་ལོ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་དེ་ཅིག་བཞེསཔ་ད་  ཐུགས་ཐག་རང་བཅད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ བུམ་ཐང་ལས་ཐོན་ཏེ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་གྱི་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག། ཀྲོང་གསར་ལུ་ཕེབས་ད་ ཀྲོང་གསར་གྱི་སྤྱི་བླ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕུན་ཚོགས་དང་ མགྲོན་གཉེར་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་་རྡོ་རྗེ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ སྒར་ལྟོའི་གྲལ་ཁར་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་གནང་ནུག། ཤུལ་མ་ མགྲོན་གཉེར་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་སྤྱི་བླའི་ཁྲི་ཁར་ཕེབས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་སྒར་ལྟོའི་གྲས་ལས་ དཔའ་བོ་ཤུགས་ཆེ་ཤོས་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ལས་གཞན་ག་ཡང་མེདཔ་ལས་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་གི་དར་དཔོན་དང་ ཚོང་དཔོན་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༤༨ ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གཟིམ་དཔོན་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
བྱིན་ཅན་གྱི་རྫོང་གཞིས་རྙིང་ཤོས་ སྤུངས་ཐང་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཕོ་བྲང་འདི་ མེ་མཆོད་ཐེངས་ལྔ་པ་བཞེས་པའི་ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུ་བའི་སྐབས་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ལས་འུར་ལཱ་པའི་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་མི་སྦེ་ ཆོས་གཟིམ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེའི་བསྒང་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་རང་སོའི་མིང་གཏམ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ གཉའ་རྒོད་ཀྱི་འགྲན་བསྡུར་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ད་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ལུ་ ག་གིས་ཡང་འབད་མ་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་མིང་གཏམ་དང་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་རང་གི་མིང་གཏམ་སྦོམ་ར་བཞག་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་རིག་རྩལ་དང་ དཔའ་རྩལ་ལུ་བལྟ་སྟེ་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་དཔོན་ཁག་དང་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚུ་ ཁོ་ལུ་ངལ་མ་རངས་པར་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུ་ཚར་ཏེ་ རབ་གནས་དགའ་སྟོན་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཡང་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དེའི་ཚེ་ སྐུ་གསོད་རྐྱབ་ཏེ་བཀྲོངས་ནི་སྦེ་འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམས་ཡོད་རུང་ ཆོས་གཟིམ་དཔའ་རྩལ་ཅན་གྱི་བཀའ་དྲིན་ལས་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་སྲོག་ལུ་ གནོད་སྐྱོན་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ར་མེདཔ་སྦེ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཚུགས་ནུག། ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་སྲོག་ ཆོས་གཟིམ་རང་གི་སྲོག་བ་ལྷགཔ་སྦེ་བདག་འཛིན་དང་ སྲོག་སྐྱབས་འབད་མི་གི་གཟེངས་བསྟོད་ལུ་ མགྲོན་གཉེར་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ཁར་བསྐོས་གནངམ་མ་ཚད་ མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཁོ་ར་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛདཔ་ད་ མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་གི་བུ་ ཆོས་གཟིམ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་ཧེ་མ་ མགྲོན་གཉེར་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ ལོ་གསུམ་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་གནང་དགོ་པའི་ཞལ་ཆེམས་བཞག་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ མགྲོན་གཉེར་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་བཀའ་ལས་མ་འགལཝ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཤུལ་མ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༥༣ ཆུ་གླང་གི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛདཔ་ད་ ཧེ་མ་གི་ཁ་ཆེམས་ལྟར་དུ་ མགྲོན་གཉེར་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་འདི་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༩ བཞེསཔ་ད་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། མགྲོན་གཉེར་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་གནང་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཁོ་རའི་ས་ཁོངས་ཀྱི་མི་སེར་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་གིས་མ་དོ་བར་ དཔོན་སློབ་མཆོག་གིས་ བསྟན་པ་དང་སེམས་ཅན། ཆོས་དང་སྲིད་ལུ་ཕན་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ། དེ་ལས་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཁག་གི་བར་ན་ དམག་འཁྲུག་དང་ནང་འཁྲུག་ཚུ་ཞི་ཐབས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཧེ་མ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཞལ་ཆེམས་ནང་ མགྲོན་གཉེར་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ལོ་གསུམ་མ་གཏོགས་ བཞུགས་མ་ཆོགཔ་སྦེ་ཡོད་རུང་ མགྲོན་གཉེར་གྱིས་ དེ་ལུ་ ཡ་འབད་མ་བཏུབ་པར་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་བགྲེསཔ་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་གི་སྲས་ ཆོས་གཟིམ་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ནང་འཁྲུག་སྦོམ་ར་བྱུང་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ དགེ་འདུན་སྡེ་གིས་ ནང་འཁྲུག་ཞི་ཐབས་ལུ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་རང་འཇགས་དང་ བརྩོན་འགྲུས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ལུ་ བྱ་དཀར་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་དེ་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་ཡར་སེང་མཛད་དེ་ བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་པའི་ཁར་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་ཕྱོགས་ཚུ་ཡང་ དཔོན་སློབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ བགོ་བཤའ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་གནང་ནི་འདི་གིས་ནང་འཁྲུག་ཞི་སྟེ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་སྔར་བ་ལྷག་པའི་ཞི་བདེ་འཕེལ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས། 	 ====
&lt;big&gt;དེ་བསྒང་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་བའི་མིང་དེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ གཏམ་སྙན་གྲགས་སྦོམ་བྱུང་ཡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ བར་སྐབས་ཅིག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་གུར་ག་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་རུང་ ལོ་གཅིག་ར་མ་ལངསམ་ལས་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་གཤགས་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རྐྱེན་ངན་བྱུང་སྟེ་ར་སྡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ གཞུང་ཡང་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་སྐྱོང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཨིན་རུང་ ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ནང་འཁོད་ མ་འགྲིགསཔ་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་བྲང་བཀྲ་ཤིས། དབང་རྫོངཔ་ཀ་ཝང་སངས་རྒྱས། ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་བླམ་ཚེ་དབང་། སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཕྲིན་ལས་བཟང་པོ་ལ་སོགས་པ། གཞུང་དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་ཚོགས་དང་། རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་དྲུག་པ་ རྗེ་ཡོན་ཏན་དཔལ་བཟང་ཚུ་ཐུགས་མཐུན་ཐོག་ལས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་བགྲེསཔ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་གསུམ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༧༠ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ།	 ====
&lt;big&gt;དཔོན་སློབ་བགྲེསཔ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ བསྟན་པ་དང་སེམས་ཅན་ལུ་ཕན་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༩ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་དང་དབང་རྫོང་པ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ནང་འཁྲུག་སྦོམ་ལངམ་ད་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་ལུ་ཡང་ གནོད་རྐྱེན་སྦོམ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ མི་རྗེ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ནང་གི་ནང་རྟེན་ཚུ་ཡང་ ལ་ལུ་གསར་བཞེངས་མཛད་པའི་ཁར་ ཉམས་བཅོས་འབད་བཏུབ་མི་ཚུ་ཉམས་བཅོས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ རྫོང་དེ་བསྒྲུབས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་ གསོལ་ཐབ་སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ཚུ་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ནང་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཆོས་གོས་ན་བཟའ་རེ་རེ་ཕུལ་སྟེ བརྙེན་བཀུར་ཡང་ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ལུ་ངོ་རྒོལ་བྱུང་པའི་སྐོར།	 ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་བགྲེསཔ་ཉིམ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཁྲི་པའི་ཚ་བོ་ ཚེ་དབང་ནོར་བུ་གཉིས་ མ་འགྲིགསཔ་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཚེ་དབང་ནོར་བུ་གིས་ མི་རྗེ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ལུ་ཡང་ ངོ་ལོ་རྐྱབ་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ མི་རྗེ་ཁོ་རའི་་ སྐུ་ཚབ་སྦེ་ ཀ་ཝང་མ་མཁལ་དེ་དམག་ལུ་བཏང་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ གལ་སྲིད་ཀ་ཝང་མ་མཁལ་གྱིས་དམག་དེ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་པ་ཅིན་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་འདི་ ཁོ་ལུ་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ དམག་རྐྱབ་པར་ཡར་སོ་ནུག། སྤོ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་བགྲེསཔ་ཉིམ་རྡོ་རྗེདང་ ཀ་ཝང་མ་མཁལ་གཉིས་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་ ཆ་རོགས་འཆམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཕར་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ དམག་རྐྱབ་ནི་མེན་པར་ ནང་འགྲིག་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ དཔོན་སློབ་བགྲེསཔ་བྱོག་འགྱོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཀ་ཝང་མ་མཁལ་ཁོ་ར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་བཞུགས་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
ཨིན་རུང་ གནས་ཚུལ་དེ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱིས་གསནམ་ཅིག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་གཉའ་རྒོད་སྟོདཔ་ཆུ་ཤིང་ཟེར་མི་དེ་བཏང་སྟེ་ ཀ་ཝང་མ་མཁལ་བཀྲོངས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ལོག་སྟེ་ར་ ཉིམ་རྡོ་རྗེ་བཞག་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཚབ་གཉིས་ སྤ་རོ་ལུ་བཞག་ནི་གི་སྲོལ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ།	 ====
 
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༧༣ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་གསུམ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཁོ་རའི་སྐུ་ཉེ་སྐྱིད་ཚལཔ་ གོང་གཟིམ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་བཞི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་བཞི་པ་ གོང་གཟིམ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ།	 ====
	
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་བཞི་པ་ སྐྱིད་ཚལ་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ མང་སྡེ་བོན་སྦྱིས་ལུ་ དུང་དཀར་ཆོས་རྗེ་གི་བརྒྱུད་པ་ པཱ་ལ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱི་སྲས་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤུལ་མ་གཞུང་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ ས་གནས་མུ་ཏིག་ཐང་ལུ་ སྐྱིད་པའི་ཚལ་ཟེར་དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་ཡོད་མི་གདན་ས་དང་བཅས་ གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་བཅགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ མཚན་སྐྱིད་ཚལ་པ་ཟེར་ཞུ་སྲོལ་དར་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;
==== གོ་གནས་བཞེས་པའི་སྐོར། 	 ====
	
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་སྐྱིད་ཚལ་པ་མཆོག་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ནང་སྒར་ལྟོ་སྦེ་འཛུལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེའི་བསྒང་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གཟིམ་དཔོན་དང་ མགྲོན་གཉེར་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ དམག་གི་བྱེལཝ་ག་ཏེ་འཐོན་སར་ སྐྱིད་ཚལ་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ ལྷག་བསམ་རྣམ་དག་གི་སྒོ་ལས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་བ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ ཆོས་རྩེ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ སྐྱིད་ཚལ་པ་མཆོག་ གདུང་བསམ་གསང་སྲུང་པའི་གོ་གནས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཤུལ་མ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ སྐྱིད་ཚལ་པ་མཆོག་ གོང་གཟིམ་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་སྐོར། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་གསུམ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༧༣ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛདཔ་ད་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཁོ་རའི་སྐུ་ཉེ་ གོང་གཟིམ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་བཞི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། 	 ====
		
&lt;big&gt;གོང་གཟིམ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ གདན་ས་བཀྲི་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ནང་ལུ་སྦེ་ མི་འཁྲུགས་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་གསར་བཞེངས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཕ་ཇོ་སྡིངས་ཀྱི་འོག་ མུ་ཏིག་ཐང་གི་སྟོད་ལུ་ སྐྱིད་ཚལ་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་གསར་བཞེངས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་ཡང་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ དེ་ནང་གི་ནང་རྟེན་མཆོད་ཆས་དང་ མཆོད་རྫས་ལ་སོགས་པ་གསར་སྒྲུབ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་གིས་མ་ཚད་ གདན་ས་ཐེད་ཐིམ་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ཕྱག་མཛོད་ནང་ ཟོང་ཆ་དང་།ཇ་དང་ཚྭ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཕྱག་མཛོད་གསར་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་བརྒྱད་པ་དང་སོ་དགུ་པ་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་པའི་སྐོར། 	 ====
	
&lt;big&gt;མཁན་ཁྲི་སོ་བདུན་པ་རྗེ་ཀུན་དགའ་སེང་གེ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༧༥ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ རྗེའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ར་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོཔ་ལས་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ ལྷ་རྫོང་བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་བརྒྱད་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡོད་རུང་ རྗེ་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ རྗེ་མཁན་གྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་བའི་ལོ་དེ་ནང་ར་ དགོངས་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་ལུ་ཐིམ་སོཔ་ལས་ སྒྲ་སློབ་བློ་གྲོས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་དགུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག་གོ།།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ང་བཞི་པའི་མཛད་རྣམ་མཐའ་མ། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་སྐྱིད་ཚལ་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ལུ་ཕན་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་བཞུགས་པའི་བར་ན་ར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་རའི་སྲུང་འཁོརཔ་སྤ་ཕྲུག་ཟེར་མི་གིས་ཞུཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་དགུ་པ་སྒྲ་སློབ་བློ་གྲོས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་མ་བདེ་བར་ ཆུ་ཕོ་ཚ་ཆུ་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ མཚན་སློབ་པད་དཀར་འོད་ཟེར་མི་དེ་ མཁན་ཁྲི་ ༤༠ པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ད་ནུག། དེ་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ མཁན་ཁྲི་སོ་དགུ་པ་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཐུགས་ལུ་ ང་རྒྱལ་དྲག་པོ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ དགོངས་འདུས་རྟ་ནག་གི་སྒོ་ལས་ ལས་སྦྱོར་མཛད་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༧༩ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ ཚེ་བསྟུངས་ཏེ་གཤགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།།&lt;/big&gt;


=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ང་ལྔ་པ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བཟང་པོ་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། 	 ====
	
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་པ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ནང་གསེས་ སྟོད་ཝང་དར་ལུང་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་དྲུག་པ་ཨུ་མ་དྷེ་ཝ་གི་ཚ་བོ་སྦེ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་སྡེ་ལུ་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
==== གོ་གནས་བཞེས་པའི་སྐོར། 	 ====
		
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་དྲུག་པའི་སྐུ་ཚ་བོ་ཅིག་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཨུ་མ་དྷེ་ཝ་ཁོ་ར་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེསཔ་ད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བཟང་པོ་ཡང་ གྲྭ་ཚང་ལས་ཐོན་ཏེ་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པའི་ནོར་དཔོན་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་བཞུགས་ནུག། ནོར་དཔོན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ སྡེ་པ་ཨུ་མ་དྷེ་ཝ་ (ཤེས་རབ་ཐར་ཕྱིན་མཆོག་)  སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་གྲོགས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་གྱིས་ གཟིམ་དཔོན་གྲྭ་ཅུང་ལུ་བཀའ་སྐུལ་གནང་ཐོག་ལས་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བཟང་པོ་རའི་ཨ་ཞང་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཨུ་མ་དྷེ་ཝ་དེ་རྐུ་གསོད་རྐྱབ་ཏེ་ བཀྲོངས་དཔ་ལས་ དེའི་དགྲ་ལན་ལུ་ ནོར་དཔོན་དང་ཀ་ཝང་སངས་རྒྱས་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་ལྡན་གྱི་གཟིམ་དཔོན་གྲྭ་ཅུང་དེ་བཀྲོངས་ད་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་  ཁོང་གཉིས་གཞུང་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་བཞུགས་གོ་མ་བདེ་བར་ ལ་ཡག་ལས་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་བཞུགས་སར་སོང་སྟེ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྒར་ལྟོ་པའི་གྲས་ཁར་འཛུལ་སྡོད་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༩ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་རྒྱབ་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བཟང་པོ་ཡང་ དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་ དམག་རྐྱབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་དགྲ་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་ཀུན་ལེགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་འདི་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བཟང་པོ་གིས་བསྒྲལ་དཔ་ལས་ དེའི་ངལ་རངས་ལུ་ གཞུང་མགྲོན་གཉེར་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་སྐོར། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་བཞི་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ར་གཤགས་སོཔ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༧༩ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཟུར་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ གཞུང་མགྲོན་གཉེར་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༤༠ པ་མཁན་ཆེན་པད་དཀར་འོད་ཟེར་མཆོག་གིས་ སྡེ་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ དེའི་སྲུང་འཁོརཔ་སྤ་ཕྲུག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་དཀྲོག་ཁ་ལུ་གསན་ཏེ་ རྗེ་མཁན་གྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་དཔ་ལས་ རྗེ་སྒྲ་སློབ་བློ་གྲོས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་མ་རངས་པར་ ང་རྒྱལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ དགྲ་ངན་ལས་སྦྱོར་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཆེན་པད་དཀར་འོད་ཟེར་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༡ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ར་གཤགས་སོ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བཟང་པོ་གིས་ གྲུབ་དབང་ངག་དབང་དོན་ལྡན་མཆོག་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ཞེ་གཅིག་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ==== 
			
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ལུ་ཕན་པའི་་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཛད་དེ་ མི་ལོ་གཉིས་དེ་ཅིག་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་མཐའ་མར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༡ རང་ལུགས་གནམ་ལོ་ལྕགས་སྦྲུལ་གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁ་ར་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་དྲུག་པ་ བླམ་ཚེ་དབང་ ༼བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་༽ གི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ། 	 ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་བླམ་ཚེ་དབང་མཆོག་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ནང་གསེས་ ཀ་ཝང་རྒེད་འོག་ ཀ་ཝང་བྱང་ས་ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཀ་ཤ་གི་སྲས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་ཡབ་ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ ཁོ་རའི་ཨ་པའི་བཀའ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ རྫོང་གོང་མ་ཟེར་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་གྱི་སྒར་ལྟོའི་གྲས་ཁར་ ་འཛུལ་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། བླམ་ཚེ་དབང་གི་ཕོ་རྒནམ་ ཀ་ཝང་མ་མཁལ་དེ་ དབང་རྫོངཔ་དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཁ་གསར་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་བཀྲོངས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་སྦེ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཁ་གསར་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་དེ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྐུ་ཉེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པའི་དམག་རྒྱབ་སྦེ་ཁ་བཟེད་དེ་ ཕྱད་མདའ་རྐྱབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཁོང་ཀ་ཝངཔ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བྱང་ཕྱད་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཨིན་པས། དབང་རྫོངཔ་དར་ལུང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་གྱོངས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཀ་ཝང་བླམ་ཚེ་དབང་གིས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་བཞུགས་སར་མགུ་བཏགས་ཏེ་ ཕྱག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ཞུ་བ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ ཀ་ཝང་བླམ་ཚེ་དབང་དེ་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པའི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་ལྔ་པ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༡ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ར་གཤགས་སོཔ་ལས་ གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་ དགེ་འདུན་དམངས་འཛོམས་ཐོག་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་བླམ་ཚེ་དབང་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༢ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་དྲུག་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༢ ལས་ ༡༨༨༤ ཚུན་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་བཟུང་སྟེ་ བསྟན་འགྲོ་དང་ཆོས་སྲིད་ལུགས་གཉིས་ལུ་ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་ཞུ་སྟེ སྡེ་ཁྲི་མི་ལོ་གཉིས་དེ་ཅིག་བཟུང་བའི་མཐའ་མར་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ར་གཤགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་བདུན་པ་ མཆོད་དཔོན་དགའ་བ་བཟང་པོའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མའི་མཛད་རྣམ།	 ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཝང་ཚོ་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ནང་གསེས་ དཀར་སྦིས་ས་འབྱུང་གཞི་ནང་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མཚན་དགའ་བ་བཟང་པོ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། དགའ་བ་བཟང་པོ་ཁོ་ར་སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ལས་ར་ གྲྭ་ཚང་འདུས་སྡེ་ལུ་འཛུལ་བཞུགས་འབད་དེ་ གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཆོས་གསུམ་དང་ གར་ཐིག་དབྱངས་གསུམ། དཀྱིལ་ཆོག་ཚུ་ལུ་ མཁས་པ་སྦྱངས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ མཆོད་དཔོན་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་ཡང་བཞེས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས། 	 ====
		
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་དྲུག་པ་བླམ་ཚེ་དབང་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༤ ལུ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ར་གཤགས་སོཔ་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཨ་ལུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལུ་ བསྟུན་གྲོས་ཨ་ཙི་ཅིག་ར་མ་ཞུ་བར་ ཐག་རང་བཅད་ཐོག་ལས་ མཆོད་དཔོན་དགའ་བ་བཟང་པོ་དེ་ དབྱིན་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༤ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་བདུན་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
==== སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ་མཐའ་མ། ====  
&lt;big&gt;མཆོད་དཔོན་དགའ་བ་བཟང་པོ་ཁོ་ར་སྡེ་ཁྲི་ཁར་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་ཨ་ལུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལུ་ངོ་རྒོལ་གྱི་ནང་འཁྲུག་ལངམ་ད་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་དང་ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་གཉིས་ཕམ་སོཔ་ལས་ སྤུངས་རྫོངཔ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ཐིམ་རྫོངཔ་ཨ་ལུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ བོད་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་བྱོག་ཡར་སོ་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ར་ སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོད་དཔོན་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བག་མ་ཆགས་པར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༥ གི་ལོ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཁམས་ལུ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་བདུན་པ་མཆོད་དཔོན་དགའ་བ་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ མདོ་སྡེ་བྲག་གི་དགོན་པ་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ལུ་ འབུལ་བ་ཐོབ་ལམ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ ག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ མདོ་སྡེ་བྲག་གི་དགོན་པ་ལུ་ མི་ལོ་ཉེར་དྲུག་དེ་ཅིག་བཞུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག་གོ།།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་བརྒྱད་པ་ དབྱངས་སློབ་སངས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེའི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མ་བྱོན་གོང་གི་མཛད་པ། སྡེ་སྲིད་དབྱངས་སློབ་སངས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ སྤ་རོ་ སྤང་པའི་ས་ལུ་ གཏེར་སྟོན་ཤེས་རབ་མེ་འབར་གྱི་དབོན་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༣༩ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཡོདཔ་ད་ མཚན་ལུ་ སངས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ གཞུང་དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་སྡེ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ གཞུང་གི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་དང་ གར་ཐིག་དབྱངས་གསུམ་ དེ་ལས་ཤེས་བྱ་མང་པོ་ཅིག་ལུ་མཁས་པ་སྦྱངས་ཡོད་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ དབྱངས་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་གནངམ་ད་ བཀའ་བགྲོསཔ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་བརྒྱད་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་གནང་པའི་སྐོར། སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་བདུན་པ་ དགའ་བ་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༥ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ གོང་ས་ཨྱོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་ དགོངས་ཡངས་གནང་པའི་ཤུལ་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བཞུགས་མི་ག་ཡང་མེདཔ་ལས་ སྡེ་ཟུར་དགའ་བ་བཟང་པོ་གི་ཚབ་ལུ་ དབྱངས་སློབ་སངས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ་བསྐོ་བཞག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་གྱི་མཛད་པ། སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་ དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་སྡེ་ནང་བཞུགས་མི་ཅིག་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཆོས་ལུགས་མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལུགས་ཡང་ རང་གིས་ཆོས་ལུགས་ལུ་རྩིས་བཀུར་མཛད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་ སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལུགས་ལུ་ཡང་རྩིས་བཀུར་མཛད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ངོ་རྟགས་བཟང་པོ་ ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ལུགས་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁོ་བོའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྐྱབས་རྗེ་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༤༡ ངག་དབང་དོན་གྲུབ་མཆོག་ རྗེའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ར་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོངམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༦ གི་ལོ་འདི་ལུ་ར་ ཆོས་རྗེ་ཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ རྗེའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ཆོས་རྗེ་མཆོག་ རྗེའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ ལོ་གཉིས་བཞུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཆོས་རྗེ་སྐྱབས་རྗེའི་ཁྲི་ལས་ དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནང་པའི་ཤུལ་ ཁོ་བོའི་ཚབ་ལུ་ སྒྲ་སློབ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་མཆོག་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༤༣ པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྒྲ་སློབ་ཁོ་བོ་ཡང་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོངམ་ལས་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་ ཆོས་རྗེ་འཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༤༤ པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༩༡ པའི་ལོ་ལུ་ རྗེ་ཆོས་རྗེ་མཆོག་ དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་གནངམ་ལས་ གྲུབ་དབང་འཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་མཆོག་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༤༥ པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ གྲུབ་དབང་འཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱ་མཚོ་མཆོག་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ ལོ་གསུམ་བཞུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ ཁྲི་ཐོག་ཁར་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོངམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༩༤ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ གྲུབ་དབང་དམ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༤༦ པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། གོང་གི་རྗེ་བཞིན་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༤༦ པ་གྲུབ་དབང་དམ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་ཡང་ རྗེའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ར་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོངམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༩༩ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ རྣལ་འབྱོར་པ་ཤེས་རབ་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་མཆོག་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༤༧ པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག། རྗེ་ཤེས་རབ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༡ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ གྲུབ་དབང་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རིན་ཆེན་མཆོག་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༤༨ པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྡེ་སྲིད་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་བརྒྱད་པ་ སངས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ངང་ལུ་ མི་ལོ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་རིང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཟུང་གནང་བའི་ཤུལ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༣ ཆུ་ཡོས་ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་སོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་མཐའ་མ་ང་དགུ་པ་ ས་སྐྱོང་མི་དབང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་ལྔ་པ་ ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་མཆོག་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། ===
==== ༡༽ སྡེ་སྲིད་མ་མཛད་གོང་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
===== དང་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ང་དགུ་པའི་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཤིང་མཚན་གསོལ་གནང་ཚུལ་སྐོར། =====
&lt;big&gt;ཞབས་དྲུང་་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་ལྔ་པ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་མཆོག་ནི་ བུམ་ཐང་སྟང་ཆུ་སྟོད་ཀྱི་གཡུས་ཚན་ནང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་ང་གཅིག་ གནམ་ལོ་ལྕགས་ཕག་ལོ་ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུ་སྦེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་མཚན་རིག་འཛིན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་དེ་ རྗེ་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ མཚན་ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཟེར་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== གཉིས་པ་སྐུ་ཡོན་བཞེས་ཏེ་བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པར་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་ཚུལ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུ་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་བཞི་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེའི་སྐུ་སྐྱེས་གསལ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་གསུངས་ཏེ་ གདན་ས་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་འཁོར་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སྤྲུལ་སྐུའི་ངོས་འཛིན་དང་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་རྗེ་ཁྲི་ཟུར་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་ མཚན་ཡང་ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཟེར་གསོལ་དགོ་མི་ཡང་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་སོ་གཅིག་པ་ཡོན་ཏན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ ཡོངས་འཛིན་ངག་དབང་དོན་ལྡན་ལས་ སྐུ་ཡོན་དང་དབང་ལུང་ཁྲིད་གསུམ་གསན་ཏེ་ དགུང་ལོ་བཅུ་བཞི་བཞེས་པའི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ་དྲུག་ཅུ་རེ་ལྔ་ ༡༨༦༥ ཤིང་གླང་ལོར་ བླ་མ་ཁྲི་པ་བཅོ་ལྔ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་བའི་སྐབས་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
===== གསུམ་པ་འཇིག་རྟེན་ཐ་སྙད་དང་ མཐར་ཐུག་དོན་དམ་པའི་ཆོས་མཁྱེན་པའི་བདག་ཉིད་དུ་འགྱུར་ཚུལ། =====
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༩ འི་ལོ་མཇུག་ལུ་ གསོལ་ཐབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཅིག་ བླམ་ཁྲི་པ་བཅུ་དྲུག་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་ལྔ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ཕེབས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་མཆོག་ གདན་ས་གསང་ཆེན་ཆོས་འཁོར་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ རིམ་གཉིས་བསྐྱེད་རྗོགས་ཀྱི་སྒོམ་པ་གནང་སྟེ་ རྟོགས་པས་རང་རྒྱུད་གྲོལ་ཞིང་ཐུགས་རྗེ་གིས་ གཞན་རྒྱུད་གྲོལ་བའི་ངོ་བོ་གཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་པ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྔོན་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་བྱུང་མ་མྱོང་བའི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཆོས་སྐོར་ལན་ཐེངས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་བར་དུ་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུན་ཆུ་བོ་གངྒ་ལས་རིངམ་སྦེ་མཛད་ནུག།
ལྷག་པར་དུ་ རིག་པའི་གནས་ལུ་མཁས་པ་དང་ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཕྱག་བཟོའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་སྐུ་གོང་མ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་ མཁྱེན་པ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ནས་རྡོག་གཅིག་ལུ་བཅུ་གཅིག་ཞལ་རྒྱན་ཆ་ལུགས་ཡོངས་རྗོགས་ བརྐོས་གནངམ་མ་ཚད་ གདན་ས་སྤུང་ཐིམ་གཉིས་ལུ་ཡང་ ལྷ་མོ་རེ་མ་ཏིའི་ཞལ་འབགཔ་དང་ རྒྱལ་བའི་སྐུ་བརྙན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== བཞི་པ་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ལས་ཟུར་ཏེ་ཁོ་རའི་གདན་སར་གནས་ཡོདཔ། =====
&lt;big&gt;གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་མཆོག་ནི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ལས་ཟུར་ཏེ་ ཁོ་རའི་གདན་ས་གསང་ཆེན་ཆོས་འཁོར་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་བཞུགས་མི་དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༧༨ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་ ཐིམ་རྫོང་པ་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཀྱིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཟུར་མི་རྗེ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ལུ་ངོ་རྒོལ་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ལུ་སྐྱེད་ཚལ་པ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཡོད་རུང་ དེ་ལུ་སྔོན་རྩིས་མ་བལྟ་བར་ ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལུ་སྦེ་ སྡེ་ཁྲིར་བཏོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ཟླཝ་མ་ལངམ་ལས་ར་ སྤུངས་རྫོང་པ་ནི་ཕམ་སྟེ་ བྲོས་ཟུར་སོངམ་ད་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ལས་ཟུར་ཏེ་ ཁོ་རའི་གདན་ས་གསང་ཆེན་ཆོས་འཁོར་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
  
==== ༢༽ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐོ་བཞག་གི་མཛད་རྣམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ང་བརྒྱད་པ་ དབྱངས་སློབ་སངས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ནི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༣ གྱི་ཆུ་ཡོས་ལོ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་ང་གསུམ་པའི་ཐོག་ལུ་ གཞུང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་འཛིན་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་སྦེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ལྔ་བཅུ་ང་དགུ་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་མི་དེ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་ཀྱི་མཐའ་མ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;
  
==== ༣༽ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་ཕྱག་ཤུལ། ====
===== དང་པ་མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༤༩ པའི་རབ་གནས། =====
&lt;big&gt;གྲུབ་དབང་རིག་འཛིན་སྙིང་པོ་མཆོག་ནི་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༤༩ པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་ འཇམ་དབྱངས་རིན་ཆེན་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༠༣ ལུ་མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༤༨ ལུ་དགོངས་ཞུ་བྱོནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
===== གཉིས་པ་སྤ་རོ་ཀུན་དགའ་ཆོས་གླིང་གདན་ས་བཅགས་པ། =====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༤ ལུ་ གདན་ས་གསང་ཆེན་ཆོས་འཁོར་གྱི་ཞོལ་ལུ་ ཀུན་དགའ་ཆོས་གླིང་གི་གདན་ས་ག་ནི་ལས་མཛེས་ཆོས་དང་ བཀོད་པ་ཕུལ་དུ་ཕྱིན་པའི་གདན་ས་འདི་ཡང་བཅགས་ཏེ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
   
==== ༤༽ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་གི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ། ====
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༦ མེ་རྟ་ལོར་ གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་མཆོག་ནི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་མཛད་པ་མཐའ་མ་ར་ གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོར་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནི་ལུ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་མཛད་དེ་ མ་འོངས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཕན་བདེ་ བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་རྩ་བར་མཛད་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྡེ་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ གདན་ས་གསང་ཆེན་ཆོས་འཁོར་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
   
==== ༥༽ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུའི་ཐ་མ་མཁན་པོའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་བྱོན་པ། ==== 
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངས་པ་ཞུས་ཏེ་ ལོ་ངོ་ ༩ དེ་ཅིག་ལངམ་ད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་དགུ་བརྒྱ་བཅོ་ལྔ་ (༡༩༡༥) ཤིང་ཡོས་ལོ་ལུ་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༥༢ པ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་སེངྒེ་དགོངས་ཞུས་བྱོནམ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་དང་པ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་མཆོག་ མཁན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༥༣ པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ ལོ་ངོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་རིང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཆིག་སྟོང་དགུ་བརྒྱ་བཅུ་བདུན་ (༡༩༡༧) མེ་སྦྲུལ་ལོའི་སྐབས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མ་ཆེན་གྱི་བཞུགས་ཁང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཁང་བཟང་གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་སྟེ་ཕུལཝ་ད་ སྐུ་དམར་གདུང་གཉེན་པོ་ཞལ་ཕྱེ་བའི་རྐྱེན་བཟུམ་ཅིག་གིས་སྦེ་ མཁན་པོ་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལས་ཞིང་བྱོན་སོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# སངས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ། (༢༠༡༧) འབྲུག་གི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཁྲི་རབས་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱི་མཛད་རྣམ་དེབ་ཐེར་དཔྱོད་ལྡན་དགྱེས་པའི་དོ་ཤལ།
# དགེ་འདུན་རིན་ཆེན། (༢༠༡༧) དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གདུལ་ཞིང་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ནགས་མོའི་ལྗོངས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་བློ་གསར་རྣ་བའི་རྒྱན་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་བཞུགས་སོ།</text>
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    <title>ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ནང་དོན།</title>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>28947</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-03-30T08:10:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
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      <comment>/* ཁུངས་གཏུག། */</comment>
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      <text bytes="130410" xml:space="preserve">=== ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་དང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་གི་ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་འགོ་ཐོག་དང་པ་ མཐོང་རྒྱ་མྱོང་བཅུག་པའི་འབྲུག་གི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ དུས་རབས་༡༧ པའི་ནང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་ཅན་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་འདི་ གཟུར་གནས་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཅིག་སྦེ་ར་ལུས་ནུག། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་པའི་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་སྐབས་ འཛམ་གླིང་ངེས་མེད་གནས་སྟངས་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་སྡོད་ཡོད་རུང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལཔོ་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ སྔར་སྲོལ་-གཟུར་གནས་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཐོག་ འཛམ་གླིང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་མར་ཉམས་ ༼༡༩༣༠༽ དང་འཛམ་གླིང་དམག་ཆེན་ ༢ པའི་ ༼༡༩༣༩ - ༡༩༤༥༽ གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ལས་ གནོད་སྐྱོན་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་སྐྱོངས་གནང་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ཁྱིམ་ཚང་རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་བཙན་དང་ རྒྱ་ནག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྟོབས་ཤུགས་ཡར་འཕར་འགྱོ་མི་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གྱི་རང་བཙན་དང་ཞི་བདེ་ལུ་རྟག་པ་མེད་པའི་ཉེན་འཚུབས་ཚུ་ ཕོག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སྤུ་ན་ཁའི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་ ༡༩༡༠ ཅན་མ་གིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བཱིརི་ཊིཤ་གཞུང་གི་སྐུ་ཚབ་ཡིག་ཚང་གཞི་བཙུགས་ གནང་ནིའི་གྲོས་མཐུན་མ་བཀོད་པས། བཱིརི་ཊིཤ་གཞུང་དང་ཟུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཡང་སྒང་སྟོག་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་པའི བཱིརི་ཊིཤ་གཞུང་གི་སྲིད་དོན་འགོ་དཔོན་གྱི་འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། གནམ་ལོ་ ༡༩༢༧ ལུ་ བཱིརི་ཊིཤ་གཞུང་གི་སྲིད་དོན་འགོ་དཔོན་ཨེཕ་ཨེམ་བེ་ལི་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གྱི་དུས་སྟོན་ལུ་ བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ད་ ཁོ་གི་ཤུལ་འཛིན་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཇུག་ར་གནམ་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༧ ལུ་ཨེ་ཇེ་ཧོབ་ཀིནསི་ཨིནམ་ད་ ཁོ་གིས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལཔོ་མཆོག་ལུ་གཟེངས་བསྟོད་ཀྱིས་རྟགས་མ་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གྱི་དམག་སྡེའི་འགོ་དཔོན་དཔའ་བོ་&lt;/big&gt;(Knight Commander of the Indian Empire) &lt;big&gt;ཕུལ་བ་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཚེ་རིང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ ༼ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་དཔོན་ཁག་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཨྱོན་དཔལ་རི་ཕོ་བྲང་བཞེངས་གནང་མི་༽ གིས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་གྱི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ནི་ལུ་ལྷན་ཐབས་སྦོམ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་དཔོན་ཁག་ཚུ་འབྲུག་ལུ་སྤ་རོ་ལས་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ འོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ ཁོ་གི་ལཱ་འགན་ཡང་བསུ་ལེན་དང་ མགྲོན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས། འབྲུག་རྒྱལཔོ་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གཟིགས་སྐོར་ ཚར་གཉིས་ལས་མ་གནང་པས། དེ་ཡང་ གཟིགས་སྐོར་དང་པ་འདི་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་ནང་ ཞབས་སྐོར་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱ་གར་གུ་ཝཱ་ཧ་ཊི་ལུ་ཉིན་གྲངས་གཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་ གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག། གཟིགས་སྐོར་གཉིས་པ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༣༥ ལུ་ ཀཱོལ་ཀ་ཊ་ལུ་རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ཀྱིས་ གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་མི་ནང་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་བཙུན་དང་རྒྱལ་སྲས་ དེ་ལས་ དཔོན་གཡོག་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གིས་ ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྦེ་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ད་ གོང་གཟིམ་བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ ཁོ་གི་སྐུ་འཁོར་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། གཟིགས་སྐོར་ལས་ལོག་བྱོན་པའི་སྐབས་ རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་གནས་སྐོར་གནང་ཐོག་ སྒང་སྟོག་ལས་སྦེ་ཧཱ་ཆུམ་སྦིས་ལས་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ལོགས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག། གཟིགས་སྐོར་སྐབས་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་སྣའི་གྲོགས་རམ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༤-༡༨༦༥ གི་ ཌུ་ཝར་དམག་འཁྲུག་རྐྱབ་པའི་སྐབས་ འབྲུག་གི་ས་གནས་བདེ་ཝ་ཐང་བཱིར་ཊིཤ་གཞུང་གིས་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་ཚུད་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ལོག་གནང་དགོ་པའི་ཞུ་བ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཨིན་རུང་བཱིར་ཊིཤ་གཞུང་གིས་ ངོས་ལེན་མ་འབད་བར་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་མཆོག་ཐུགས་ཕམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལཔོ་མཆོག་གིས་ བིར་ཊིཤ་གཞུང་དང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་འཕྲོ་མཐུད་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མས། དེ་བསྒང་གོང་གཟིམ་གྱིས་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ རང་བཙན་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་གནས་སྟངས་ལཱ་ཁག་ཡོད་ལུགས་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ལས་མཁྱེན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས།&lt;br&gt;
བཱིརི་ཊིཤ་གཞུང་ཡང་ འབྲུག་གི་བིར་ཊིཤ་གཞུང་ལུ་ཕན་ཚུན་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཧ་གོ་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ལུས་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ བཱིརི་ཊིཤ་གཞུང་གིས་འབྲུག་གི་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་སྣ་ལུ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ ཁེ་ཕན་ཅིག་མ་མཐོང་པས། བཱིརི་ཊིཤ་གཞུང་གིས་ ཁོང་རའི་ཁེ་ཕན་ལྟར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ བཱིརི་ཊིཤ་གཞུང་གི་དམིགས་པ་ལས་སོ་སོ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ར་ཆ་བཞག་བསྐྱེད་ནུག། རང་བཙན་ཡོད་པའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལཁབ་འདི་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་འདི་གི་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཕོགས་ལམ་ཡང་རིན་གོང་ཆུང་བའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོད་པའི་ བཱིརི་ཊིཤ་དང་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་བྱང་ཤར་ས་གོ་རྒྱ་ཚད་ ༢༥༠ འབད་མི་འཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་མས། བདེ་ཝ་ཐང་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཐོནམ་ད་ འདི་ལུ་གསལ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་མེད་པར་ ཐད་ཀར་འདི་ཁོང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མིང་གཏམ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་བཞག་ཡོདཔ་མས། གོང་ལུ་བཀོད་དོ་བཟུམ་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གི་དམག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ངོ་ཚ་སི་སི་སྦེ་ཕམ་ཡོད་མི་ལས་ ཁོང་གི་སྟོབས་གཉིས་འབྲུག་པའི་ལག་པར་དེ་བསྒང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༤-༡༨༦༥ གི་དམག་གི་སྐབས་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་མས། དེ་བསྒང་རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་གིས་ རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་འཐོབ་ནི་གི་དུམ་ཁར་དཔག་ཡོདཔ་ལས། ཞོར་ཁ་ འབྲུགཔ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཙིགཔ་ཟ་སྡོད་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ གསརཔ་ཨིན་པའི་ རྒྱ་གར་མི་སེར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ སྲིད་བྱུས་ཚུ་ཁྱིམ་ཚང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལས་ དཔྱེ་མི་བལྟ་ག་ཟེར་ཐེ་ཚོམ་ཆགས་ནུག། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་ བཱིརི་ཊིཤ་ལྷན་སྡེའི་དོན་གཅོད་སྐུ་ཚབ་ལུ་ དཀའ་ངལ་ཚུ་བསལ་ནིའི་དཔའ་ཅམ་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་གསུངས་ཡོད་མི་ནང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ བཱིརི་ཊིཤ་གི་འོག་ལུ་ཚར་གཅིག་ཡང་མ་ཚུདཔ་ལས་ རང་བཙན་བསྲུང་ནི་ཐད་ཀར་གྱི་འགན་ཁུར་ཨིན་ཟེར་གསུངས་ནུག། འདི་ལུ་ ཕྱི་གཞུང་གིས་གསལ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་སླབ་མ་བཏུབ་ལས་ ག་ར་ རྟག་པ་མེད་པར་སྡོད་པའི་བར་ རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་གི་ གནས་སྐབས་ཀྱི་བློན་ཆེན་པཎ་ཌིད་ཇ་ཝ་ཧཱར་ལཱལ་ཎེ་རུ་གིས་ མཚམས་འཇོག་སྦེ་བཞག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་ལུ་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་འཕྲིན་ཡིག་ཅིག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༦ ལུ་བསྐྱེལ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ རྒྱ་གཞུང་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ཨེ་ཤི་ཡཱན་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གྲོས་བསྟུན་ནང་ ནཱིའུ་ཌེལ་ལི་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པའི་ སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་ རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་རང་དབང་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་བར་ན་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་གསརཔ་གུར་ བདེ་སྒྲིག་གི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ལྷག་བསམ་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ཧེ་མའི་ལོ་ ༼༡༩༤༦༽ ལུ་ གོང་གཟིམ་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་ འབྲུག་པའི་འཐུས་མི་སྡེ་ཚན་ ནཱིའུ་ཌེལ་ལི་ལུ་གནས་ཡུན་ཚུ་ བདེ་སྒྲིག་འབད་བར་འོང་ཡོདཔ་མས། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༨ ལུ་ རྒྱ་འབྲུག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་ དེ་བསྒང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༡༠ ལུ་མཚན་རྟགས་བཀོད་མི་འདི་བརྗེ་སོར་འབད་དེ་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་གསརཔ་འདི་ དར་རྒྱས་གླིང་ལུ་སྦེ་མཚན་རྟགས་བཀོད་གནང་ནུག། འདི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ ཨེང་གོལོ་བཱུ་ཨཏ་ཊན་ཆིངས་ཡིག་གི་ཤུལ་བཞག་ལུ་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ མཐུན་ལམ་དམ་ཟབ་བཞག་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱ་གར་མི་སེར་གཞུང་གིས་ འབྲུག་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་ལས་དོན་ཚུ་ལུ་ བར་འཛུལ་མི་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་མཐུན་ལམ་ཐད་ཁར་ ལམ་སྟོན་ཚུ་རྒྱ་གཞུང་གིས་འབད་ནི་ཨིན་པས། བདེ་ཝ་ཐང་གི་ས་རྒྱ་ གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༣༢ འབད་མི་འདི་ བཱིརི་ཊིཤ་གིས་ མི་ལོ་ ༨༠ དེ་ཅིག་བདག་དབང་འབད་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ རྒྱ་གཞུང་གིས་འབྲུག་པའི་དབང་ཚད་ལུ་ལོག་སྤྲོད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འདི་ལུ་ཕྲག་དོག་ལངས་ཡོདཔ་མས། ཆིངས་ཡིག་འདི་ སེམས་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་པའི་སྙིང་སྟོབས་ཀྱི་བརྡ་མཚོན་ རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་གསརཔ་ནང་གནས་བཞིན་པ་ཨིན་ཟེར་ཨིན་མས། འདི་ ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡའི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་མཁས་རིག་གི་མངོན་གསལ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ དེ་གིས་ རྒྱ་འབྲུག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མཐུན་ལམ་འདི་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་དང་ ལྷག་པར་ མ་འོངས་འབྲེལ་བ་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་ལོ་ངོ་བཅུ་ཕྲག་ལས་བཅད་འབྱུང་ཐབས་ལུ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;

=== འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ། ༼ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ།༽ ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་ ཡང་ན་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་སྡེ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་གིས་ ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ མི་ཚེ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གྲོགས་རམ་དང་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ཚུ་བྱིནམ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ ག་ཏེ་ལུ་ཡང་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཀུན་གྱིས་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་མི་སྡེའི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་ལྟ་མི་ལས་ཁུངས་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན། (ལི་ལི་དབང་ཕྱུག། ༢༠༠༨ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༨༢།).&lt;br&gt;
འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་དམག་ཆེན་ ༢ པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ས་ཕྱོགས་ག་ཏེ་ཨིན་རུང་ རིས་མེད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ཉེན་ཁ་ཅན་གྱི་གནས་སྟངས་ནང་ཡོདཔ་པའི་ཨ་ལུ་དང་ ཨ་ལུའི་མ་འོངས་མི་ཚེ་ དཀའ་སྡུག་མྱོང་སྲིད་མི་ཚུ་ བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་སྟེ་གྲོགས་རམ་བྱིན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༦ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༠ གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གིས་ ཨ་ལུའི་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ལེགས་བཅོས་འབད་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་གི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ནང་ འབད་བརྩོན་མཐའ་གཅིག་ཏུ་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་གློ་བུར་ཉེན་འཚུབ་ཆེ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོནམ་ཨིན། ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ་གྱི་ཚབ་སྦེ་ ནིའུ་ཡོག་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་གདུང་སེལ་གཞིས་ཆགས་བདག་སྐྱོང་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༦ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (UNICEF for every child, 2017)
&lt;big&gt;ལོ་དེ་ནང་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་ཀྱིས་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་མ་དངུལ་ཟེར་དམག་འཁྲུག་གི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ གདུང་སེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལམ་ལུགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༣ ལུ་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་གཏན་འཇགས་ཀྱི་ལས་ཁུངས་ལུ་གྱུར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་རིམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་ ད་ལྟོའི་ལས་སྡེ་གི་མིང་གཏན་འཁེལ་འགྱོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དེ་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་ལྟེ་བ་འདི་ ནིའུ་ཡོག་གི་ཁྲོམ་སྡེ་ནང་རྐྱབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༠ གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་གི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་འབད་དེ་ དེའི་གྲངས་སུ་ ཨ་ལུའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་གྱི་དབང་ཆ་དང་ དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་དང་ ཟས་བཅུད་ཀྱི་དབང་ཆ་ཚུ་ཡང་བཙུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༠ ལས་ཚུར་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༩ ཅན་མའི་ཨ་ལུའི་ཐོབ་དབང་ཆིངས་ཡིག་གིས་ ལམ་སྟོན་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཆིངས་ཡིག་འདི་གིས་ ཨ་ལུ་ག་ར་ཚད་ལྡན་གྱི་གཟུགས་ཁམས་དང་ ནད་གཞི་སྨན་བཅོས་ གཞན་ཡང་ གཟུགས་ཁམས་ཉམས་གསོ་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་སྤྱོད་ཚུགས་པའི་དབང་ཆ་གནངམ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༩ ལུ་འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་ཀྱིས་ ཨ་ལུའི་ཐོབ་དབང་གི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་ཆ་འཇོག་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་གིས་ ཆིངས་ཡིག་འདི་ ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ རྩམ་ད་ལུ་ ལམ་སྟོན་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནུག། གནས་ཚུལ་བཟང་པོ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༥ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ་གྱིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཞི་བདེ་གི་གཟེངས་བསྟོད་རྟགས་མའི་གསོལ་རས་ཐོབ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གིས་ ཨམ་སྲུ་དང་ དམིགས་བསལ་དུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་གི་ ཨམ་སྲའི་མཐའ་དོན་བལྟ་ནི་ཡང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཅི། དཔེ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༠ ལུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ནང་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཟེར་བའི་ལས་རིམ་ཅིག་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༢ ལུ་ཨ་ལུའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་གསརཔ་ཅིག་འགོ་བཙུགས་མི་འདི་གིས་ གཟུགས་སྟོབས་ཡར་འཕར་གྱི་ལྟ་རྟོག་འབད་ནི་དང་ ཆུ་སྐམ་སླར་ལོག་སྨན་བཅོས་ &lt;/big&gt;(oral rehydration therapy) &lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ ཨའི་གི་ཨོམ་བྱིན་ནི་ཚུ་གུར་ སྐུལ་ཁྱབ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ནུག། &lt;/big&gt; (UNICEF for every child, 2017).
&lt;big&gt;འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ་འདི་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ལྷན་སྡེ་བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་སྐྱོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་དང་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་མི་སྡེ་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གི་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་སྲིད་བྱུས་ལམ་སྟོན་འདི་དང་འཁྲིལ་དགོ། བཀོད་ཚོགས་འདི་ ལོ་གཅིག་གི་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ ཚར་གསུམ་འཛོམ་ནི་ཡོད། འཛིན་སྐྱོང་བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་གི་ལས་རིམ་བསྐྱར་ཞིབ་འབད་ནི་དང་། ལས་སྣ། སྲིད་བྱུས་དང་ལས་རིམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་མ་དངུལ་ཚུ་ངོས་ལེན་འབདཝ་ཨིན། བཀོད་ཚོགས་འདི་ནང་ འཐུས་མི་ ༣༩ ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་ཚུ་གིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ནང་ལུ་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་སྡེ་ཚན་ ༥ གི་ངོ་ཚབ་འབདཝ་ཨིན། ཁོང་གི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ ལས་ཁང་གིས་སྦེ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལས་ཁང་འདི་ནང་ ཚོགས་གཙོ་གཅིག་དང་ཚོགས་གཙོ་འོགམ་ ༤ ཡོད། ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་གིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༡༩༠ གི་ནང་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཐ་ན་ ལྷོད་ཚུགས་པར་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ལཱ་ཁག་ཡོད་པའི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་  ན་གཞོན་དང་ཨ་ལུའི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་བལྟ་བར་ལྷོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གི་མ་དངུལ་འབྱུང་ས་ངོ་མ་ར་ ཁས་བླངས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ཞལ་འདེབས་བྱིན་མི་འདི་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཏི་རུ་ཕུད་རྡོག་གཅིག་ལས་མེད་རུང་ དཀའ་སྡུག་ཅན་གྱི་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཟད་འགྲོ་གཏངམ་ཨིན། མ་དངུལ་ལོག་སྤྱོད་དང་ངན་ལྷད་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལཱ་གི་དོགས་པ་ག་བཟུམ་ར་བྱུང་རུང་ ནང་འཁོད་རྩིས་ཞིབ་དང་བརྟག་ཞིབ་ཡིག་ཚང་གིས་ རྩིས་དཔྱད་འབདཝ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་དང་གཞུང་མིན་ལས་སྡེ་ཁག་ཚུ་དང་ མཉམ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ ཨ་ལུའི་དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ནི་ལུ་རྩ་འགེངསམ་ཨིན། གློ་བུར་དང་ཚབས་ཆེན་གྱི་གནས་སྟངས་ནང་ལུ་ ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་གིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་སྡེ་ཚུ་སྣ་ཁྲིད་འབད་དེ་གདོང་ལན་འབད་དེ་ ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཉེན་སྲུང་ལྡན་པའི་འཐུང་ཆུ་དང་།འཕྲོད་བསྟེན། ཟད་བཅུད་དང་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཚུ་སྤྲོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁོང་གིས་ དུས་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་རྩུབ་སྤྱོད། ལོག་སྤྱོད་དང་། དམའ་ཕབ་འབད་སྲིད་པའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ལས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབདཝ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མ་རུང་པའི་གནད་དོན་ དཔེར་ན་ ལོ་ན་མ་སྨིན་པར་ལཱ་འབད་བཅུག་ནི། ལོ་ན་ཚོད་མ་རནམ་ལས་གཉེན་རྐྱབ་ནི། ཨ་ལུ་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་ནི། དབང་བཙོང་འདོད་སྤྱོད་འབད་ནི་དང་། བཀག་ཚུགས་པའི་སྟབས་མ་བདེ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ལས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནི། དེ་ལས་ སྤུད་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་། ཕོ་མོ་འདྲ་མཉམ་གྱི་བསླབ་སྟོན་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོནམ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨ་ལུའི་གློ་བུར་མ་དངུལ་གྱིས་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་གཙང་སྦྲའི་མཁོ་ཆས་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༤ ལས་ར་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གིས་ གཞུང་མིན་ལས་སྡེ་ཚུ་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་གཞན་ཡང་འབད་དེ་ ན་གཞོན་ཨ་ལུ་དང་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་གི་མི་ཚེའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ ཕན་རླབས་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཨ་ལུའི་ཐོབ་དབང་གི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་གུར་ གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ་གིས་ གཞི་དོན་མ་འདྲཝ་ ༤ གུར་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། དེ་ཡང་ འཕྲོད་སྟེན། ཟས་བཅུད། གཟུགས་ཁམས་དང་། ཨའི་དང་ཨ་ལུ་བདག་འཛིན་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་འགྲུབ་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ཨ་ལུ་ག་ར་ལུ་སྤུས་ཚད་ལྡན་པའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་འདྲ་མཉམ་སྦེ་བྱིན་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན། ༼ལི་ལི་དབང་ཕྱུག། ༢༠༠༨ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༨༢-༡༨༣།༽).&lt;/big&gt;

=== འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་ལས་ཚོགས་། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ལམ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་གསོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནིའི་ནང་ འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་མི་ དབང་འཛིན་གྱི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ ཆོག་གྱུར་ཅན་གྱི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཆ་ལས རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་། མཉམ་འབྲེལ་པ། མི་སེར་ཚུའི་གསོ་བའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་དང་། གཞན་ཡང་ འགྲོ་བ་ཀུན་གྱི་གཟུགས་ཁམས་དང་སེམས་ཁམས་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་སྦེ་བཞག་ཐབས་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཉེན་སྲུང་འབད་ནི་དང་ ཉེན་ཁ་འབྱུང་སྲིད་པའི་གནས་སྟངས་ནང་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Working for health, 2007)
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༥ ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ དོན་གཅོདཔ་ཚུ་འཛོམས་ཏེ་བསྟུན་གྲོས་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་ལས་སྡེ་ཡང་  གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་སྦེ་གྲོས་ཐག་ཆོད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༧ ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་གསར་གཏོད་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ཚུར་ ཉིནམ་འདི་ ལོ་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་ཉིནམ་སྦེད་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུཝ་ཨིན། འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་ཚོགས་འཛོམས་འགོ་ཐོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ནང་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་བསྒང་ འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་ལས་སྡེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་མི་ འཐུས་མི་ ༥༥ ཡོད་ས་ལས་ འཐུས་མི་ ༥༣ གྱིས་ བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གི་གཙོ་རིམ་གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ར་ ཚད་པའི་ནད། ཨམ་སྲུ་དང་ཨ་ལུའི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན། བད་ཀན་གློ་གཅོང་། ལུས་འབྲེལ་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་ནད་གཞི། ཟད་བཅུད་དང་མཐའ་སྐོར་གཙང་སྦྲ་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་ཡོདཔ་བཞིན་དུ་ ལཱ་འདི་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ འབད་དང་འབད་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༨ ལུ་སྔོན་མ་ ནམ་ཡང་མ་བྱུང་པའི་ཚབས་ཆེན་གྱི་ནད་གཞི་ ཨེཌིསི་ཚུ་ཡང་ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གི་འགན་འཁྲི་གི་ནང་ཚུད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Working for health, 2007)
&lt;big&gt;ད་རེས་ འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་བསྡོམས་ ༡༩༤ དང་ འགན་རོགས་འཐུས་མི་ ༢ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ག་འབད་རུང་ཅིག་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གི་འཐུས་མི་སྦེ་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་གུར་ཆ་འཇོག་གི་མཚན་རྟགས་བཀོད་དགོ། ལོ་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་ནང་ འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ ཇི་ནི་བཱ་༼སུའི་ཛར་ལེནཌ༽ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ཡིག་ཚང་ལྟེ་བ་ནང་འཛོམས་ནི་ཡོད། དེ་བསྒང་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་དང་འཆར་དངུལ་ཚུ་ཆ་འཇོག་མཛདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གནས་ཡུན་ལོ་ངོ་ ༥ གི་དོན་ལུ་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་མདོ་ཆེན་ཡང་བཙག་འཐུ་འབདཝ་ཨིན། ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་འབད་མི་གི་ མངོན་མཐོའི་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཨིན། ལྷན་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཁྱད་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འཐུས་མི་ ༣༤ ལོ་ངོ་ ༣ གྱིདོན་ལུ་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ལྷན་སྡེའི་ནང་བཙག་འཐུ་འབདཝ་ཨིན། ལྷན་སྡེ་འདི་གི་ལཱ་འགན་ངོ་མ་ར་ ལྷན་འཛོམས་ནང་མཐའ་བཏོགསཔའི་གྲོས་ཆོད་དང་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཚུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་དང་། གྲོས་སྟོན་འབད་ནི། ལཱ་འགན་འདི་ཚུ་འབདཝ་ད་ཕན་གྲོགས་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་སྐོར་ཆ་ལུ་ ཀེན་ཡ་ལས་ཨིན་མི་ ཌོག་ཊར་པེ་ཊྲིག་ཨ་མོཊི་འདི་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ལྷན་སྡེ་གི་ཁྲི་འཛིན་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ལུ་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཡིག་ཚང་ ༦ ཡོད། དེ་ཡང་ ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྲོད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད། གསོ་བའི་ལས་སྡེ་གིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་ཁུངས་གཞན་མི་ཚུ་དང་ གཞན་ཡང་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་དང་གཞུང་མིན་གྱི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཁག་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མཉམ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ལཱ་ཚུ་འབདཝ་ཨིན། གསོ་བའི་སྨན་པ་དང་མཁས་མཆོག་ ༨༠༠༠ ལྷག་ཙམ་ཅིག་གིས་ ཇི་ནི་བཱ་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ཡིག་ཚང་ལྟེ་བ་དང་ འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༡༤༧ གྱི་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ནང་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནངམ་ཨིན། གསོ་བའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་མ་དངུལ་འབྱུང་སའི་གཞི་གཉིས་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ དང་པ་འདི་ འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་ལས་གནས་རྩིས་བཏོན་ཐོག་ལས་ སྤྲོད་པའི་མ་དངུལ་དང་། གཉིས་པ་ ཁས་བླངས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ཞལ་འདེབས་བྱིན་མི་གཉིས་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༠ ལས་ཚུར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་གཞི་འགྱམ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ གསོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡང་ རིམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་གི་དུས་ལུ་བབས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡང་ འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འཐུས་མི་སྦེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༣ པའི་ཚེས་ ༨ ལུ་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༩ ལས་ཚུར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ གསོ་བའི་གནས་ཚད་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་ གཞི་རིམ་གསོ་བའི་གཅེས་སྐྱོང་ ཨཱལ་མ་ཨ་ཊ་&lt;/big&gt; (alma ata) &lt;big&gt;གི་གསལ་བསྒྲགས་འདི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཟུང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དུས་མཐུན་གསོ་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྲོད་ནི་ལུ་རྩ་འགེངས་ནུག། འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་ལས་སྡེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་ངོ་མ་ར་ གནས་སྟངས་མ་འདྲཝ་ལྔ་ནང་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ མི་སྟོབས་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི། གསོ་བའི་ལམ་ལུགས་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་བཟོ་ནི། འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་གྱི་ཉེན་ཁ་མར་ཕབ་འབད་ནི། ནད་གཞི་མར་ཕབ་འབད་ནི། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཡུན་བརྟན་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་གསོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན།  འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༣ ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཌོག་ཊར་ཨེམ་སའི་ཕུ་ལ་འདི་ མི་དམངས་གསོ་བའི་བདག་སྐྱོང་པ་དང་པ་གི་ལཱ་འགན་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། ༼ལི་ལི་དབང་ཕྱུག། ༢༠༠༨། ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༨༣།&lt;/big&gt;

=== འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་འདི་མཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་གི་ལས་སྡེ་གཅིག་ཨིན། འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཡུན་གནས་དང་མི་སྡེ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ དམིགས་སྟེ་ རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་གཅིག་ཁར་བསྡོམས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ མོས་མཐུན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་འདི་འཛམ་གླིང་གི་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་མེནམ་ལས་ ཁྲིམས་གསར་རྩམ་འབད་ནི་མེད་རུང་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་བྱ་སྟབས་མ་བདེ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཤརཝ་ད་ དཀའ་ངལ་ཞི་ཐབས་ལུ་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཚུ་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ཐབས་ལམ་ཚུ་སྟོནམ་ཨིན། (འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས། ༢༠༡༠།&lt;/big&gt; (United Nation, 2010).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༥ ལུ་འཛམ་གླིང་དམག་ཆེན་ ༢ པ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ དབུལ་ཕོངས་ཀྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་གྱིས་འཛིན་ཏེ་  འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ཞི་བདེ་གི་ས་བོན་ ལོག་བཙུགས་དགོ་པའི་རེ་བ་སྦོམ་བསྐྱེད་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༥༡ གི་ངོ་ཚབ་ཚུ་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༤ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༥ ལས་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༦ ཚུན་ སཱན་ཕྼན་སིསི་ཀོ་ལུ་ཚོགས་པའི་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་གྲོས་ཚོགས་ནང་འཛོམས་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ཟླ་ངོ་ ༢ ཀྱི་རིང་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་བཞེངས་ཏེ་དེ་གུར་ མཚན་རྟགས་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་དེ་གིས་ མ་འོངས་པ་ལུ་ ཧེ་མ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ འཛེམ་བཀག་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་ རེ་བ་སྦོམ་བསྐྱེད་ནུག། བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་བཞེངས་ཚར་ཏེ་ ཟླཝ་ ༤ གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༠ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༥ གི་ཉིནམ་ལས་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བསྒང་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་འདི་ རྒྱ་ནག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ། ཕྼནསི། སོ་ཝི་ཡེཊི་ཡུ་ནི་ཡན། ཡུ་ནཱའི་ཊེཊི་ཀིང་ཌོམ། ཡུ་ནཱའི་ཊེཊི་ཨིསི་ཊེཊི་བཅས་ གཞན་ཡང་འཐུས་མི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལེ་ཤ་གིས་རྒྱབ་སྣོན་ཆ་འཇོག་མཛད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་བཟུང་སྟེ་ ད་ཚུན་མི་ལོ་ ༧༥ གི་རིང་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ཞི་བདེ་དང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་དང་མཛད་བཞིན་དུ་ཡོད། འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཡང་ དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ རིམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ཡོད་རུང་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་བསལ་ནི་དང་གཅིག་གྲོགས་གཅིག་ཕན་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་བརྩམ་ནི་གི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་འདི་ འགྱུར་མེད་བརྟན་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (United Nation,  2010).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ནང་ ད་ལྟོ་གནས་བཞིན་ཡོད་པའི་འཐུས་མི་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༡༩༣ ཡོད། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ག་ར་འབད་རུང་ འཐུས་མི་སྦེ་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་དང་པ་ར་ ཉེན་སྲུང་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གི་རྒྱབ་སྣོན་ངོ་སྦྱོར་དང་བསྟུན་ ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་ཀྱིས་ངོས་ལེན་འབད་དགོ། འཇམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ལུ་ ཡན་ལག་འདུས་ཚོགས་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་གཙོ་ཅན་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཉེན་སྲུང་ཚོགས་སྡེ། དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་མི་སྡེ་ཚོགས་སྡེ། བློ་གཏད་ཚོགས་སྡེ། རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་དྲང་ཁྲིམས་ཚོགས་སྡེ། འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ཨིན། འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འཐུས་མི་ག་ར་ ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་འཐུས་མི་ཡང་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཚུ་ལས་ འཐུས་མི་ཆ་ཚང་ཡོད་པའི་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་ཨིན། ལོ་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་ སྤྱི་་ཟླ་ ༩ པའི་ནང་འཐུས་མི་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་ནང་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགསཔ་ཨིན། ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་ཀྱིས་ལོ་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཚོགས་གཙོ/སྲིད་འཛིན་ཚུ་བཙག་འཐུ་འབདཝ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཉེན་སྲུང་ཚོགས་སྡེ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་ཞི་བདེ་དང་ཉེན་སྲུང་གི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་མི་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དེ་ནང་གཏན་འཇགས་ཀྱི་འཐུས་མི་ ༥ དང་སྐབས་ཐོབ་ཀྱི་འཐུས་མི་ ༡༠ སྦེ་བསྡོམས་ཀྱིས་འཐུས་མི་ ༡༥ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཚོགས་སྡེ་དེ་གི་ཚོགས་གཙོ་གི་འགན་ཁུར་འདི་ ཟླ་རིམ་བཞིན་དུ་སོར་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྐོར་རྒྱབ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛདཔ་ཨིན། དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་མི་སྡེ་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གི་ལས་འགན་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ནི། སྲིད་བྱུས་བསྐྱར་ཞིབ་འབད་ནི། སྲིད་བྱུས་ཚུའི་སྐོར་ལས་གསུང་གྲོས་གནང་ནི། དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་མི་སྡེའི་ནང་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ཚན་གུར་ རྒྱབ་སྣོན་ངོ་སྦྱོར་འབད་ནི་དང་། རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ངོས་ལེན་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་ཚུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། ཚོགས་སྡེ་འདི་ལུ་ ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་བཙག་འཐུ་གྲུབ་པའི་འཐུས་མི་ ༥༤ ཡོད། བློ་གཏད་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གི་ལས་འགན་ངོ་མ་ར་ འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༧ གྱི་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་བློ་གཏད་ས་མཚམས་ ༡༡ དེ་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་དྲང་ཁྲིམས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་མངོན་མཐོའི་ཁྲིམས་ཁང་ཨིན། ཚོགས་སྡེ་འདི་གི་འགན་ཁུར་འདི་ ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་རྩོད་གཤེར་དང་གཞན་རྩོད་གཞི་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་ཁྲིམས་མཐུན་ལྟར་ བསྟར་སྤྱོད་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་ནང་ ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་དྲུང་ཆེན་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་གཞན་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་མི་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ལས་ལས་གཡོགཔ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་ཁྲི་ཕྲག་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་ལྟར་དུ་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་དྲུང་ཆེན་འདི་ བདག་སྐྱོང་སྤྱི་ཁྱབ་ཀྱི་འགོ་དཔོན་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ཉེན་སྲུང་གི་དཀའ་ངལ་ག་བཟུམ་བྱུང་རུང་ ཉེན་སྲུང་ཚོགས་སྡེ་ནང་གྲོས་བསྡུར་འབད་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་གནང་ཆོག།
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འཐུས་མི་ ༡༣༢ པ་སྦེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༡ གི་ལོ་ལུ་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་ནུག། སྤྱི་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་ ཡིག་ཚང་ཡང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༤ ལུ་རྐྱབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གི་འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བྱུས་དང་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་ལུ་བརྩི་མཐོང་དང་གུས་ཞབས་ཆེན་པོའི་སྒོ་ལས་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ལཱ་འགན་ཚུ་ འཐུས་ཤོར་གང་ཡང་མེད་པར་འབད་བཞིན་དུ་ཡོད། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༩ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༡ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ནང་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་དེ་མི་ལོ་ ༥༠ འཁོར་བའི་བརྩི་སྲུང་རྒྱས་ཞིང་རྒྱསཔ་སྦེ་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Bhutan celebrates its 50 years of membership to UN, 2021)


=== ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཆོགས་པ། === 
&lt;big&gt;༉ ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤེ་ཡི་ཡ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཚོགས་པ་འདི་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་གཞུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་སྲིད་འབྲེལ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཡང་ཨིན་པས། དེ་དམིགས་ཡུལ་ངོ་མ་ར་ འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ཁ་འཆམས་ཡོད་པའི་གཞི་དོན་གུར་མཉམ་རུབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་མི་སྡེ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། (ཤ་ཧིན། ༢༠༡༣)
ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་་ཡ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཚོགས་པ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་རྩ་ཚན་ ༤༢ པ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་བརྩམས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཚོགས་པ་འདི་ ཌཱ་ཀ་ལུ་སྦེ་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༢ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༨ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། ཚོགས་པའི་དམིགས་གཏད་འདི་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འཐུས་མི་གི་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་མི་སྡེ་ གཞན་རིག་གཞུང་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་ཨིན་མི་ འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ མཐུན་ལམ་དང་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། ཚོགས་པ་འདི་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་གི་འཆར་གཞི་འགོ་དང་པ་ བྷང་ལ་དེཤ་གི་སྲིད་འཛིན་ ཟི་ཡུའར་རཽ་མཱན་ གྱིས་ ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་གཟིགས་སྐོར་གནང་སྟེ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཚོགས་པ་བཟོ་ནི་གི་ འོས་འབབ་ཡོད་མེད་ཀྱི་་བརྟག་དཔྱད་འབད་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༠ སྐོར་ཆ་ལུ་ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་དབུས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ བྷང་ལ་དེཤ། འབྲུག། རྒྱ་གར། མཱལ་དིབས། པཱ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན། ཤྲི་ལང་ཀ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་གིས་ ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ མཐུན་ལམ་དང་བློ་གཏད་ གོ་ཤེས་བསམ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་སྡེ་ཚན་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནིའི་ཁ་འཆམས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༣ གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ བྷང་ལ་དེཤ་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ཌཱ་ཀ་ལུ་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་གིས་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་པའི་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་གྲོས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་དབུས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༧ གྱིས་ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཚོགས་པ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་སྦེ་ཆ་འཇོག་འབད་ནུག། ཚོགས་པ་དེ་གི་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་དྲུང་ཆེན་གྱི་ཡིག་ཚང་ལྟེ་བ་འདི་ བལ་པོའི་རྒྱལ་ས་ ཀཱཊི་མཱན་ཌུ་ལུ་བཟོ་ནི་སྦེ་ཐག་ཆོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཅིག་སྒྲིལ་བྱེད་ལས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ ༥ ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་མི་ལས་ སོ་ནམ། མཐའ་ཟུར་གོང་འཕེལ། བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་གྱི་འཕྲུལ་ཆ། གནམ་གཤིས་རིག་པ། གསོ་བ་དང་མི་རློབས་ཀྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ཨིན། ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ ལུ་འཐུས་མི་སྦེ་ འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གཞན་ལྟ་རྟོག་འབད་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་&lt;/big&gt; European Union, US, China  &lt;big&gt;ལ་སོགས་པ་སྒྲིག་མཐུན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༩ ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (པྼི་ཡ།)&lt;br&gt;
ཚོགས་པའི་ཡིག་ཚང་ལྟེ་བ་ཀཱཊི་མཱན་ཌུ་ལུ་ཡོད། འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་འགོ་ཁྲིད་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ལོ་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་གྲོས་འཛོམས་ཚར་རེ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ཚུ་གི་ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་བློན་པོ་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཞལ་འཛོམས་ལོ་གཅིག་ལུ་ཚར་གཉིས་འབདཝ་ཨིན་མས། ཚོགས་པ་དེ་ནང་ ད་ལྟོ་ རྒྱ་གར། འབྲུག། བལ་པོ། ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན། པ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན། ཤྲི་ལང་ཀ། མཱལ་དིབསི། བྷང་ལ་དེཤ་བཅས་ འཐུས་མི་ ༨ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༧ བྷང་ལ་དེཤ། རྒྱ་གར། མཱལ་དིབསི། བལ་པོ། པ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན། ཤྲི་ལང་ཀ་གི་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་དྲུང་ཆེན་ཚུ་གི་ཞལ་འཛོམས་ འགོ་དང་པ་འདི་ ཤྲི་ལང་ཀའི་རྒྱལ་ས་ ཀོ་ལོམ་བྷོ་ལུ་སྦེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༤ པའི་ནང་འཚོགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡའི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཞལ་འཛོམས་ནང་ འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་/གཞུང་ག་རའི་ འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འ་ནཱི་འདི་ ཚོགས་པ་འདི་གི་མངོན་མཐོའི་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཨིན། དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཞལ་འཛོམས་འདི་ རྟག་པར་རྒྱུན་དུ་ ལོ་ངོ་ ༢ ཀྱི་ཤུལ་ལས་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ཨིནམ་དང་དེ་ཡང་ འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུའི་མིང་གི་གོ་རིམ་ཨིང་སྐད་ཀྱི་གསལ་བྱེད་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་ལྟར་དུ་ སྐོར་རྒྱབ་རྐྱབ་ཅི་ར་ འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ནི་ཡོད། ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཚོགས་པ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དགོ་པའི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡའི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་མི་རློབས་ཚུ་གི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་བལྟ་ནི་དང་ མི་ཚེའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི། དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་མགྱོགས་འགྲོས་སེང་ནི། མི་སྡེ་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ཡར་རྒྱས་བཏང་སྟེ་ གང་ཟག་གང་རུང་གི་ མི་ཚེ་ཚུལ་མཐུན་ལུ་གནས་ཏེ་ རང་གི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཧ་གོ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ནི། གཅིག་མཐུན་དང་རང་དགོ་རང་འདྲོང་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་དང་ ཕན་ཚུན་གྱི་བློ་གཏད་ལུ་ཕན་གྲོགས་འབད་ནི། བདག་དང་གཞན་གཉིས་ཀའི་དཀའ་ཐུབ་ཚུ་ ངོས་ལེན་དང་ ཧ་གོ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ནི། དཔལ་འབྱོར་ མི་སྡེ་ ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་མཚན་རིག་གི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ནང་ མཉམ་འབྲེལ་དང་བདག་གཞན་གཉིས་ཀ་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་ནི་འདི་ རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་འབད་ནི། གཞན་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་ཡོད་པའི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་དམ་ཟབ་བཟོ་ནི། རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་འཛོམ་གནས་ཀྱི་ནང་ལུ་ སྤྱི་མཐུན་མཐའ་དོན་གྱི་གནད་དོན་གུར་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་རྩ་བརྟན་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་དང་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་སྡེ་དང་ལས་ཁུངས་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་འབད་ནི།&lt;/big&gt; (Revised SAARC brief)
&lt;big&gt;ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཚོགས་པའི་གཞི་རྩ་ངོ་མ་ར་ འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་གི་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན། མངའ་ཁོངས་ཆིག་སྒྲིལ། ཆབ་སྲིད་འདྲ་མཉམ་དང་། རང་དབང་ལུ་གུས་ཞབས་འབད་ནི། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་སོའི་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་རང་དཀྲོག་མི་འབད་ནི། ཕན་ཚུན/སྤྱི་མཐུན་ཁེ་ཕན་ལུ་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་འབད་ནི། གྲོས་ཆོད་ག་བཟུམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ མགྲིན་གཅིག་གི་ཐོག་ལས་གྲོས་ཐག་གཅད་ནི་དང་ གྲོས་ཐག་གཅད་པའི་སྐབས་ཚོགསགྲངས་ ༨ ངེས་པར་དུ་དགོ།&lt;br&gt;
ཟུང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་གནད་དོན་ག་བཟུམ་ཡོད་རུང་ བཟུར་ཏེ་བཞག་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཕྱོགས་མང་གི་གནད་དོན་གུར་ ཟུང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་ལྷུང་སྤུ་ཙམ་ཡང་མེད་པར་གྲོས་བསྡུར་འབད་དགོ། ཚོགས་པ་འདི་གི་ལས་འགན་དང་འགན་ཁུར་ཚུ་ག་ར་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་གྱི་ཚོགས་པའི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཁག་མ་འདྲཝ་ དེ་ཡང་ བློན་པོའི་ལྷན་ཚོགས། གཏན་འཇགས་ཚོགས་ཆུང་། ཐབས་རིག་ཚོགས་ཆུང་། ལས་རིམ་ཚོགས་ཆུང་དང་ དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་གིས་འབདཝ་ཨིན། བློན་པོའི་ལྷན་ཚོགས་འདི་ནང་ འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་བློན་པོ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་ལཱ་འགན་འདི་ ༡༽ ཚོགས་པ་འདི་གི་སྲིད་བྱུས་བཟོ་ནི། ༢༽ཚོགས་པའི་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་གནས་སྟངས་བསྐྱར་ཞིབ་འབད་ནི། ༣༽མཉམ་འབྲེལ་འབད་ནི་གི་གནད་དོན་གསརཔ་ཚུ་གྲོས་ཐག་གཅད་ནི། ༤༽ཚོགས་པའི་ཐབས་ལམ་གསརཔ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི།༼དགོ་མི་དགོ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ནི།༽ ཚོགས་པའི་དོན་ལུ་སྤྱིར་བཏང་ཁེ་ཕན་ཡོད་པའི་གཞི་དོན་གུར་ཐག་གཅད་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། བློན་པོའི་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ལོ་རེའི་ནང་ ཚར་གཉིས་འཛོམས་འདུ་ནང་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགསཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
གཏན་འཇགས་ཚོགས་ཆུང་འདི་ནང་ འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་དྲུང་ཆེན་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁོང་གི་འགན་ཁུར་ངོ་མ་ར ༡༽མཉམ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ག་བཟུམ་ཡོད་རུང་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་ལྟ་རྟོག་དང་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ཨིན། ༢༽ ལས་འགུལ་དང་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ངོས་ལེན་འབད་ནི་དང་ དེའི་དོན་ལུ་ མ་དངུལ་ཟད་འགྲོ་དབྱེ་ཞིབ་འབད་ནི། ༣༽ལས་སྡེ་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་ གཙོ་རིམ་ཚུ་གཏན་འབེབས་འབད་ནི། ༤༽ལུང་ཕྱོགས་དང་ཕྱི་ཁའི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་མཁོ་སྒྲུབ་འབད་ནི། ༥༽མཉམ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ས་ཁོངས་ཚུ་ འོས་ལྡན་གྱི་ཞིབ་ཚོལ་འབད་དེ་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། ཁོང་གི་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་ལྟར་དུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ དུས་ནམ་དང་ནམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ བསྟུན་འགྲོས་འབད་དགོ་པའི་གནས་སྟངས་རེ་ཤརཝ་ད་ ངེས་པར་དུ་འཛོམས་དགོ། སྤྱིར་བཏང་འ་ནཱི་ཚོགས་ཆུང་གི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཞལ་འཛོམས་དང་ བློན་པོ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་འཚོགས་ནིའི་དུས་ཚོད་ཀྱི་སྔ་གོང་ལུ་འཚོགསཔ་ཨིན།
ལས་རིམ་ཚོགས་ཆུང་འདི་ཚོགས་པ་འདི་གི་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་འདུས་ཚོགས་ཡང་ཨིན། ཁོང་གི་འགན་ཁུར་ངོ་མ་ར་ གཏན་འཇགས་ཚོགས་ཆུང་ལུ་གཤམ་གསལ་ལུ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོད་པའི་གནད་དོན་གུར་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ལས་འགུལ་གདམ་འཐུ་འབད་ནི། ཕྱི་ཁའི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་མཁོ་སྒྲུབ་འབད་ནི། ལས་སྡེ་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ལཱ་དང་་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ གཙོ་རིམ་བསྒྲིགས་ཏེ་འབད་ནི། ལོ་བསྟར་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་བསྐྱར་ཞིབ་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། དེ་ཁར་ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་དྲུང་ཆེན་གྱི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་འགན་འཛིན་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཚོགས་ཆུང་འདི་གི་འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ གཏན་འཇགས་ཚོགས་ཆུང་གི་སྔ་གོང་ལུ་ ཞལ་འཛོམས་འཚོགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཡང་ཅིན་ ལོ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཁམས་ལུ་འཚོགསཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཐབས་རིག་ཚོགས་ཆུང་འདི་ནང་འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ངོ་ཚབ་ དམིགས་བསལ་ལས་སྡེ་ཁག་གི་མཁས་མཆོག་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁོང་གི་ལཱ་འགན་འདི་ ས་ཁོངས་སོ་སོ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ ལས་འགུལ་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་བཟོ་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ལས་རིམ་དེ་ཚུ་ ལྟ་རྟོག་འབད་དེ་ གཏན་འཇགས་ཚོགས་ཆུང་ལུ་ སྙན་ཞུ་འབད་དགོ། དེ་ལས་ ལཱ་འབད་མི་སྡེ་ཚན་དེ་ནང་ འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ངོ་ཚབ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁོང་གི་ལས་འགན་ཡང་ཐབས་རིག་ཚོགས་ཆུང་དང་ཆ་འདྲ་སུ་ཅིག་ར་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་དམིགས་པ་དང་འཁྲིལ་བའི་ལས་འགུལ་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་གི་ཐབས་ལམ་དང་ མ་དངུལ་གྱི་འབྱུང་ཁུངས་ཚུ་ གྲོས་འཆར་བཀོདཔ་ཨིན། ད་ལྟོ་ལཱ་འབད་མི་ཚོགས་ཆུང་ ༤ ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་ཡང་ ༡༽བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་གྱི་འཕྲུལ་རིག། ༢༽སྐྱེ་ལྡན་འཕྲུལ་རིག། ༣༽ལྟ་བཤལ། ༤༽ནུས་རྫས་ཚུ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
མཇུག་རང་ ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་གི་དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་སྤྱི་ལོ ༡༩༨༧ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༨སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལས་ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནིག། ཁོང་གི་ལཱ་འགན་ངོ་མ་རང་ ཚོགས་པ་འདི་གི་ལས་རོམ་ཚུ་ ལྟ་རྟོག་འབད་དེ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ནི་དང་ ཚོགས་པའི་ཞལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་ནི་ དེ་ལས་བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་གྱི་བརྒྱུད་ལམ་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུཝ་ཨིན། དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་ ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་དྲུང་ཆེན་གྱི་འགོ་ཁྲིད་འབད་དེ་ ཁོ་གི་འོག་ལུ་འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལས་མདོ་ཆེན་རེ་རེ་འབདཝ་ད་ མདོ་ཆེན་བསྡོམས་ཏེ་ ༨ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་དྲུང་ཆེན་འདི་ འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ལས་ ལོ་ངོ་ ༣ གྱི་རིང་ལུ་བཙག་འཐུ་འབདཝ་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་ཡང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མིང་ ཨིང་སྐད་ཀྱི་གསལ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་གོ་རིམ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ སྐོར་རྒྱབ་སྦེ་འབདཝ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Revised SAARC brief)&lt;br&gt;
=== འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་རིམ་གྱི་གཞི་བཀོད།་༼ཡུ་ཨེན་ཌི་པི༽ ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་རིམ་གྱི་གཞི་བཀོད་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་གོང་འཕེལ་མཐུད་སྦྲེལ་འབད་མི་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་མི་ཚེའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་།ཉམས་མྱོང་། ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་དང་མཐུད་སྦྲེལ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ སྐུལ་ཁྱབ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབདཝ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་དབུལ་ཕོངས་ཀྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ནི་དང་ ཡུན་བརྟན་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ མི་སྟོབས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོནམ་ཨིན། འ་ནཱི་འདི་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་བྱིན་མི་འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་སྡེ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། ༼ལི་ལི་དབང་ཕྱུག། ༢༠༠༨ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༨༡།༽&lt;br&gt;
འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཞི་བཀོད་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༩ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་རྒྱ་བསྐྱེད་ལས་རིམ་གྱི་བཟོ་རིག་གྲོགས་རམ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༨ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་མི་འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་གལ་ཅན་༼དམིགས་བསལ།༽མ་དངུལ་གཉིས་གཅིག་ཁར་བསྡབ་སྟེ་བཟོ་ནུག། ད་རེས་ཡོད་པའི་འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་རིམ་གྱི་གཞི་བཀོད་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་ལྷན་འཛོམས་ཀྱིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༢ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གི་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༣༦ གི་ངོ་ཚབ་ཀྱིས་ སྐོར་རྒྱབ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ལཱ་འགན་འབགཔ་ཨིན། མ་གཞི་ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་གི་འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་སྡེ་ཚན་ ༥ གི་ངོ་ཚབ་ཚུ་ཨིན་རུང་ བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་དམིགས་གཏད་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ ཡུ་ཨེན་ཌི་པི་གི་ལས་སྣ་གུར་བཀོད་རྒྱ་གཏང་ནི་དང་། རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་ནི། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་བཞིན་ཡོད་པའི་དགོས་མཁོ་ཚུ་ ངོས་ལེན་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། འཛིན་སྐྱོང་བཀོད་ཚོགས་བདག་སྐྱོང་ཡིག་ཚང་གིས་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་སྣ་ག་རའི་ནང་གཡོག་རྒྱུག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ བཀོད་ཚོགས་འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་གནས་ཚུལ་དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་སྤྲོད་ནི་དང་ཞབས་ཏོག་འགྲུབ་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་གཞན་ཡང་ ཡིག་ཚང་གི་བཀོད་ཚོགས་འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་གི་ཞལ་འཛོམས་བཅའ་སྒྲིག་རྐྱབ་ནི་དང་ འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ ལཱ་གི་ས་ཁོངས་ནང་གཟིགས་སྐོར་གནང་པར་འབྱོན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ནི་དང་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་སྡེ་གཞན་མི་ཚུ་དང་མཐུན་ལམ་མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་གོང་འཕེལ་སྣ་ཁྲིད་འབད་མི་འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་རིམ་གྱི་གཞི་བཀོད་ཀྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༡༧༠ ནང་དབུལ་ཕོངས་རྩ་མེད་གཏང་ནི་དང་ སྙོམ་མེད་མར་ཕབ་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ གི་སྲིད་བྱུས་བཟོ་ནི། དབུ་ཁྲིད་གོ་འཕང་གི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི། མཉམ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་འཇོན་ཐང་རྒྱ་བསྐྱེད་འབད་ནི། གཙུག་སྡེའི་ནུས་སྟོབས་ཡར་འཕར་གཏང་ནི། ཡུན་བརྟན་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་འགྲུབ་ནི་ཚུ་ནང་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ལཱ་འགན་ངོ་མ་གཅིག་འདི་ ཡུན་བརྟན་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་བདེ་སྐྱིད་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་བཟོ་ནི། གནམ་གཤིས་གནས་སྟངས་དང་ རྐྱེན་ངན་ཚབས་ཆེན་ཚུ་གདོང་ལན་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། འཛམ་གླིང་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པར་ ཡུ་ཨེན་ཌི་པི་འདི་ བློ་གཏད་ཅན་/ཡིད་ཆེས་བསྐྱེད་ཚུགས་པའི་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་པ་སྦེ་ངོས་ལེན་འབད་མི་འདི་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་གིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྩ་དང་བརྩི་མཐོང་ལུ་གནས་ཏེ་ལཱ་འབད་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན། དུས་རྟག་པར་རྒྱུན་དུ་ འགྱུར་བ་དང་ཤེས་ཡོན་འབད་རུང་། ཉམས་མྱོང་འབད་རུང་། མི་ཚེའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ མཉམ་འབྲེལ་འབད་དེ་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོནམ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
མཉམ་འབྲེལ་འབད་དེ་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་ནི་འདི་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ནང་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་ག་བཟུམ་བྱུང་རུང་ ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་ཉམས་མྱོང་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་ལྡན་པའི་མི་སྟོབས་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དཀའ་ངལ་ཚུ་བསལ་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་གཙུག་སྡེ་ཚུ་ཡང་ མ་དངུལ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་སའི་ཡུལ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་དངུལ་ཁང་ དཔེར་ན་ འཛམ་གླིང་དངུལ་ཁང་། ཨཕ་རི་ཀའི་གོང་འཕེལ་དངུལ་ཁང་། ཨེ་ཤི་ཡའི་གོང་འཕེལ་དངུལ་ཁང་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྒྲིག་མཐུན་གྱི་གན་རྒྱ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མ་དངུལ་གྱི་འབྱུང་ཁུངས་གཞན་ཡང་ སྒེར་གྱི་ལས་སྡེ་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཁོང་གིས་ ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ གསར་གཏོད་ཀྱི་ཚོང་ལཱ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཚོང་ལམ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཡུ་ཨེན་ཌི་པི་གིས་ གཡུས་ཁའི་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་པ་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཚོང་ལམ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཡང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་འབད་བྱིནམ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་ཚུ་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་དང་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཚུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ སྐུལ་ཁྱབ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབདཝ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ གསོ་བ། ཤེས་རིག། འཐུང་ཆུ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ། སོ་ནམ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་དང་ བསྐྱིན་འགྲུལ་ཆུང་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་བྱིན་ནི་ཡོད། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ལུ་ ཁས་བླངས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ཞབས་ཏོག་འགྲུབ་མི་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་མི་དང་ ཚོང་ཚབ་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་པ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་གིས་ར་ འཛམ་གླིང་ལུ་གནོད་པའི་དོན་ཚན་ཚུ་ གསལ་བསྒྲགས་འབད་དེ་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཞི་བདེ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོནམ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Sustainable Development Goals, UNDP)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ཡུ་ཨེན་ཌི་པི་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ མི་སྙོམ་མར་ཕབ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ སྟབས་ཉེས་པའི་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་དབང་ཆ་བྱིན་ཏེ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་འགྲུབ་ནི་ལུ་ ཕན་གྲོགས་འབད་ཡི། ཡུ་ཨེན་ཌི་པི་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༩ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། (ལི་ལི་དབང་ཕྱུག། ༢༠༠༨ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༨༡།). སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༠ གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ལྟ་བཤལ་ལས་སྡེ་དང་གློག་མེ་ལས་འཛིན་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནིའི་ནང་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་ ངན་ལྷད་བཀག་སྡོམ་ལྷན་ཚོགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ཡི། འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་རིམ་གཞི་བཀོད་ཀྱིས་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་ལུ་ ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་དང་འབད་བཞིན་དུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (UNDP Bhutan). 

=== འཛམ་གླིང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག་ལས་སྡེ་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ དབུལ་ཕོངས་ཀྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་མི་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན། ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གིས་ བཟའ་འཐུང་གི་གྲོགས་རམ་བྱིན་ཏེ་ མི་མཐུན་པའི་རྐྱེན་ངན་དང་དཀའ་ངལ་ནང་ཚུད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཞི་བདེ་དང་རྩ་བརྟན་ དེ་ལས་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ཐབས་ལམ་འགྲིགཔ་ཨིན། ༼འཛམ་གླིང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ། ༢༠༡༤།༽&lt;br&gt;
འཛམ་གླིང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ་འདི་ ཡུ་ནཱིའི་ཊེཊི་ཨིསི་ཊེཊིགི་སྲིད་འཛིན་ ཌུ་ཝའིཊི་ཨའི་ཟུའན་ཧའུ་ཝ་ (Dwight Eisenhower) གི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་ལྟར་དུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༡ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་ཐོག་ལས་ བཟའ་འཐུང་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ མོ་བཏབ་སྦེ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ནུག། དེ་གི་དམིགས་ལཱ་ངོ་མ་ར་ གློ་བུར་ཉེན་འཚུབ་གནས་སྟངས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི་དང་ གཞིས་ཆགས་ཉམས་གསོ་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་འགོ་དང་པ་ར་ སུའི་ཌེན་ (sweden) གི་ནིའུ་བིའི་ཡེན་༼Nubians༽ ཚུ་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༣ ལུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ལོ་དེ་ནང་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ་འདི་འགོ་ཐོག་ ཊོ་གོ་(Togo)ལུ་སློབ་གྲྭའི་བཞེས་སྒོ་བྱིན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གནང་བ་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གློ་བུར་ཉེན་འཚུབ་ཅན་གྱི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ནང་ བཞེས་སྒོ་དང་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་གྲོགས་རམ་བྱིན་ནི་འདི་ ག་ནི་བ་གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༤ གི་ལོ་ལུ་འཛམ་གླིང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ གསལ་བཀོད་འབད་ཡི། ད་རེས་ ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ སྲོག་སྐྱབས་དང་མི་ཚེ་འཕོ་འགྱུར་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་མི་ལས་སྡེ་ གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོད། མི་འདོད་པའི་རྐྱེན་ངན་ཚུ་ནམ་ར་བྱུང་རུང་ ས་གནས་ག་ཏེ་ར་ཨིན་རུང་ དེ་ཁར་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་བར་འདི་འཕྲོ་ལས་ལྷོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དེ་མ་ཚད་སྤྱིར་བཏང་གི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ བཞེས་སྒོ་བཅུད་ཅན་དང་ ཉེན་སྲུང་གི་དོན་ལུ་ དུས་རྒྱུན་དུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབདཝ་ཨིན། བརྩོན་ཤུགས་དང་ཁྱད་རིག་ལྡན་པའི་ལས་གཡོགཔ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་ ༢༠,༠༠༠ ལྷག་ཙམ་ཅིག་གི་འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༨༠ གི་ནང་དཀའ་སྡུག་ཤུགས་སྦེ་མྱོང་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ཆ་རོགས་འབད་བའི་བསྒང་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ༼འཛམ་གླིང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ། ༢༠༡༤།༽ &lt;br&gt;
འཛམ་གླིང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ་འདི་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ལྷན་སྡེ་བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ སྐྱོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་ནང་འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༣༦ ཡོད། བཀོད་ཚོགས་འདི་གིས་ ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ལམ་སྟོན་བྱིན་ནི་དང་ ཡང་ན་ ལྟ་རྟོག་ཚུ་འབདཝ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་གིས་ རོམ་(Rome)ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་བཟའ་འཐུང་དང་སོ་ནམ་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་སོ་ནམ་གོང་འཕེལ་མ་དངུལ་ཟེར་ ཡན་ལག་ལས་ཁུངས་ཅིག་ཡོད་མི་ གཉིས་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མཐུན་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ ལཱ་འབདཝ་ཨིན། ལས་ཁུངས་འདི་གི་བཀོད་ཁྱབ་མདོ་ཆེན་འདི་ ལོ་ ༥ གི་དོན་ལུ་ བཙག་འཐུ་འབད་དེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་གི་འགོ་དྲེན་ཐོག་ལུ་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་མཛདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་གི་འགན་ཁག་ངོ་མ་ར་ ལས་ཁུངས་ཀྱི་བདག་སྐྱོང་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་སྦེ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ནི་དང་ གཞན་ཡང་ ལས་འགུལ་དང་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་གུར་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ལས་ཁུངས་འདི་ལུ་བཀོད་ཁྱབ་མདོ་ཆེན་འོགམ་གཅིག་དང་ བཀོད་ཁྱབ་མདོ་ཆེན་ཞིབ་རོགས་བཞི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་སྡེ་དེ་ལུ་ མ་དངུལ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འདི་ ཆ་ཚང་ར་ ཁས་བླངས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་ཞལ་འདེབས་ལེན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ་གྱིས ་གཞུང་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གཞུང་མིན་ལས་སྡེ་དང་ལས་ཁུངས་ཁག་མ་འདྲཝ་ ༩༠༠ ལྷག་ཙམ་ཅིག་ཡོད་མི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་འབད་དེ་ བཟའ་འཐུང་གི་གྲོགས་རམ་དང་དབུལ་ཕོངས་ཀྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་ཚུ་བསལཝ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༦ ལུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ལས་རིམ་དེ་གི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་གྱི་གཞི་འགྱམ་ངོ་མ་ར་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ཚུ་ནང་བཞེས་སྒོ་བྱིན་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་དང་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་སྟོང་ཕྲག་ལས་བཅས་ཏེ་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ་འདི་གིས་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཟ་སྤྱོད་ལས་རིམ་གྱིས་ ཟམ་རྐྱབ་ནི་དང་། གསོ་བ། སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ གློ་བུར་བཞེས་སྒོ་བསག་མཛོད་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གཡུས་ཚན་གྱི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་ལྟ་རྟོག་འབད་དེ་ བཞེས་སྒོ་བཅུད་ཅན་བྱིན་ནི་གི་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན། ༼ལི་ལི་དབང་ཕྱུག། ༢༠༠༨། ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༨༣།༽&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་གྱི་མཐུན་ལམ། === 
&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་གི་བྱུང་རབས་དང་ས་ཆའི་ཆགས་ཐངས།་ དེ་ལས་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་སྟངས་ ཀྱི་གོང་འཕེལ་ཚུ་ རྒྱུན་མ་ཆད་པར་འགྱོ་མི་འདི་གིས་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ཐབས་བྱུས་བརྟན་བརྟན་ཅིག་བཟོཝ་ཨིན། ཁྱིམ་ཚང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་ རྒྱ་ཆེ་བར་འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཉེན་སྲུང་དང་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན། སྲུང་སྐྱོབ། གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནངམ་ད་ལུ་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ཐབས་བྱུས་འདི་ ངེས་པར་མཁོ་བའི་ལག་ཆ་ཅིག་ཨིན། ད་རེས་ཀྱི་དུས་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ག་ནི་བ་སྐྱིད་ཏོང་ཏོ་དང་དགའ་ལྡན་ལྷ་ཡུལ་བཟུམ་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཇུག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཤད་སྲོལ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ངོ་མ་ར་ས་གནས་ཀྱི་ཆགས་ཐངས་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Wangchuk, 2008, p166). &lt;big&gt;དུས་རབས་ ༡༧ པའི་ནང་ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་གྱུར་མཛད་གནང་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱིས་ ཆོས་སྡེའི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཚུ་ བལ་པོ་དང་ལ་དྭགས། སི་ཀིམ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་བཟོ་ནུག། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་གྱི་མི་ངོ་འགོ་དང་པ་ པོར་བཅུ་གེལ་ལས་ཨིན་མི་ ཇི་སུའིསཊི་ ཨེསི་ཊེ་ཝའོ་&lt;/big&gt;  Estevao Cacella &lt;big&gt;དང་&lt;/big&gt; Joao Cabral &lt;big&gt;གཉིས་འོངས་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ཞབས་དྲུང་གིས་ ཁོང་གཉིས་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ གཞིས་གཅག་དགོ་པའི་རེ་སྐུལ་ཞུ་བའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༨ པའི་ནང་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ཕྱི་གླིངཔ་ག་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་སྡོད་པའི་རིང་ ཕྱི་གླིངཔ་ཚུ་གིས་ དབང་ཚད་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་ འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཐོན་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ རྒྱ་གར་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ཕྱི་གླིངཔ་གཞུང་དང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ འཐུན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་ སྤུ་ན་ཁའི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་&lt;/big&gt; (The Treaty of Punakha) &lt;big&gt;འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༡༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡ སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༨ ལུ་བཟོ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ དཀའ་ངལ་ལེ་ཤ་ཞི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Phuntsho, 2013, p. 237)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་ ལས་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ རྒྱལཔོ་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱིས་ ཕྱི་ནང་གི་འབྲེལ་བ་སྔར་ལས་ལྷག་སྟེ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ནུག། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་དབངཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱ་གར་རང་བཙན་གྱི་གཞུང་གསརཔ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༩ ལུ་ རྒྱ་འབྲུག་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཆིངས་ཡིག་བཞེངས་ཐོག་ལས་ མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་སྒོ་ཕྱེས་གནང་ནུག། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་ མི་དབང་འཇིག་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་མཇལ་འཕྲད་མཛད་ནི་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འདི་གིས་ སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་དང་ འགྱུར་བ་མེད་པའི་མཐའ་སྐོར་གནས་སྟངས་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ནི་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ཁར་ མི་སྡེ་དང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལམ་ལུ་བཀོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་མི་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་སྡེ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༠ ལུ་ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལས་ཁུངས་ལུ་ བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་ལུ་ བསྒྱུར་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གིས་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་འབད་དགོཔ་སྦེ་འགན་ཁག་བཀལ་ནུག། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚད་ཅིག་ལས་བརྒལ་མེདཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་དང་ཁེ་ཕན་ཚུ་ག་ར་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ཐབས་བྱུས་ལུ་རག་ལསཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གི་ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཀྱི་་གཞི་རྩ་ངོ་མ་ར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་བཞག་ནི་དང་ ས་ཁོངས་གཅིག་སྒྲིལ་སྦེ་གནས་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། འ་ནཱི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་ཚུ་འགྲུབ་ནི་འདི་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་བཞག་སྟེ་ གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གཅིག་འབྲེལ་འབད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་སྟངས་བརྟན་ཏོག་ཏོ་དང་ ཞི་བདེ་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་རག་ལསཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ འབྲུག་གི་ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ཐབས་བྱུས་འདི་ ཐབས་ལམ་ ༣ གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་བཤད་པ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ༡༽ ཟུང་ཕྱོགས། ༢༽ མང་ཕྱོགས། ༣༽ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཚུ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ཐབས་བྱུས་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བྱུས་འདི་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ གཞུང་རང་བཙན་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་བཞག་སྟེ་ སྲིད་དང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ལུ་ཕན་ཐབས་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། ཟུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་སླ་ལས་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་མཛའ་འབྲེལ་འདི་ ཆབ་སྲིད་དང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཐད་ལུ་ ཁག་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨ ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ རྒྱ་གར་གཞུང་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་གི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྒྱ་གར་གཞུངགིས་ འབྲུག་གི་ལོ་ལྔའི་འཆར་གཞི་འགོ་བཙུགས་མི་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་བཞིན་དུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཉེ་འདབས་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་ཚོགས་པའི་འཐུས་མི་ག་ར་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་གི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བང་ལ་དེཤ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྲིད་སྐྱོང་གི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ནེ་པཱལ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༣ ལུ། མཱལ་དིབསི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༤ ལུ། དེ་ལས་ སི་རི་ལང་ཀ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༧ ལུ། པ་ཀིསི་ཏཱན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༨ ལུ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ༢༠༡༠ ལུ་བཟོ་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༠ གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཤར་དང་བྱང་ཤར་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡའི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ནང་ མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ནུག། ཇ་པཱན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ལུ་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་གྱི་མཐུན་ལམ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ལྷོ་ཀོ་རི་ཡ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༧ ལུ། ཐའི་ལེནཌེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༩ ལུ། སིང་ག་པོར་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ༢༠༠༢ ལུ། ཨིན་ཌོ་ནེ་ཤི་ཡ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ༢༠༡༡ ལུ། མོང་གོ་ལི་ཡ་དང་ཝེཊ་ནམ་ མ་ཡེན་མཱར་གསུམ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ལུ་བཟོ་ནུག། ནུབ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡའི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ནང་ ཀུ་ཝེཊ་དང་ གཅིག་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༣ ལུ། བཱ་རེའིན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༢ ལུ། ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊ་ཨ་རབ་ཨི་མི་རེཊ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ལུ། ཨར་མི་ནི་ཡ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ལུ། ཊར་ཀི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ལུ། ཀ་ཛསི་ཏཱན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ལུ། ཨ་ཛར་བཱའི་ཇཱན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣ ལུ། ཨོ་མཱན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣ ལུ། ཨི་ཛེ་རེལ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༠ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
ཡུ་རོབ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ནང་ ཡུ་རོ་པེན་ཡུ་ནེན་གྱི་ ནི་དེར་ལེནཌ་དང་ ཌེན་མརཀ། སུའི་ཌེན། སུའི་ཛར་ལེནཌ། ནོར་ཝེ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་གི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༥ ལུ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། ཕིན་ལེནཌ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ལུ། ཨསི་ཊི་རི་ཡ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༩ ལུ། བེལ་ཇི་ཡམ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ༢༠༠༩ ལུ། ཨིསི་པེན། ལག་ཛེམ་བཱརཀ། ཅེཀ་རི་པབ་ལིག། སར་བི་ཡ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༡ ལུ། ཨན་དོ་ར་ས། ས་ལུ་ཝ་ཀི་ཡ། སུ་ལོ་ཝ་ནི་ཡ། པོ་ལེནཌ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢  ལུ། དེ་ལས་ ཇཱར་མ་ནི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༠ ལུ་བཟོ་ནུག། ཨེ་མི་རི་ཀའི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ནང་ ཀེ་ན་ཌ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ལུ། བརཱ་ཟིལ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ༢༠༠༩ ལུ། ཀིའུ་བཱ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༡ ལུ། ཨར་ཇིན་ཊི་ན། ཀོསི་ཊ་རི་ཀ། ཀོ་ལེམ་བི་ཡ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ལུ་བཟོ་ནུག། ཨཕ་རི་ཀའི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ནང་ མོ་རོ་ཀོ་དང་ མའུ་རི་ཊི་ཡསི། ཨིསི་ཝ་ཊི་ནི། ཨི་ཇིབཊི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ལུ་བཟོ་ནུག། ཨོ་ཤི་ནི་ཡ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ནང་ ཨསི་ཊ་ལི་ཡ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༢ ལུ་དང་། ཕི་ཇི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༡ ལུ་བཟོ་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
ད་ལྟོ་ འབྲུག་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་གི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༥༤ དང་ ཡུ་རོ་པེན་ཡུ་ནེན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༡༤ གི་ཆེ་མཐོང་དོན་གཅོད་ཀྱི་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་གི་ཆེ་མཐོང་ཡིག་ཚང་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༡༤ ནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ ཐའི་ལེནཌེ་གི་ཆེ་མཐོང་དོན་གཅོདཔ་ཡིག་ཚང་དང། ཇའི་ཀ་དང་ཀོའི་ཀ། ཨསི་ཊི་རི་ཡའི་འབྲེལ་མཐུན་ཡིག་ཚང་། འབྲུག་ཀེ་ན་ཌ་གཞི་ཚོགས། ནེ་དར་ལེནཌ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་ཁུངས། བུ་ཊཱན་ཚོགས་པ། ཧེལ་ཝི་ཊསི། ཨསི་ཊེ་ལི་ཡའི་ཁས་བླངས་ལས་ཆིམ། འབྲུག་གཞི་རྟེན་གྱི་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ད་རེས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱིས་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་ནུས་པ་ཆེ་བའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་ དོན་ལྡན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་འདི་སྐོབས་ཚུད་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ མང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཡང་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་སྲིད་བྱུས་ལུ་ གལ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གིས་ མང་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཁུངས་འགོ་དང་པ་ ཀོ་ལོམ་བོ་པཱལན་ནང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༢ ལུ་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་ནུག། འ་ནཱི་ལས་ཁུངས་ནང་ འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ འབྲུག་གིས་ དགོས་མཁོ་ཆེ་བའི་བཟོ་རིག་དང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་གྲོགས་རམ་ལེ་ཤ་ལེན་ཚུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ནང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༧༡ ལུ་ འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་ཚུགས་མི་འདི་ མང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལམ་འགྲུལ་ནང་ གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། ད་ལྟོ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་དང་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་ཁུངས་ ༩༥ ལྷག་ཙམ་ཅིག་གི་འཐུས་མི་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ནཱོན་ཨེ་ལའིན་མེནཊ་༼ནམ༽ གི་ ལས་ཁུངས་ནང་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ ལུ་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་ནུག། གཞན་ཡང་ སྡེ་ཚན་ ༧༧ ༼ཇི་ ༧༧༽ ཨེལ་གྲི་སི་&lt;/big&gt; ༼LDC༽ &lt;big&gt;སྐོབས་ཚུད་ཀྱི་གོང་འཕེལ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༼ཨེལ་ཨེལ་ཌི་སི་&lt;/big&gt; (LLDC)༽ &lt;big&gt;ཡང་ཨིན། འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཡུ་ཨེན་ཌི་པི་དང་ཡུ་ནི་སེཕ། གྲབ་ལུ་ཨེཕ་པི། གྲབ་ལུ་ཨེཆ་ཨོ། ཨེཕ་ཨེ་ཨོ། ཡུ་ཨེན་ཨེཕ་པི་ཨེ། ཨུ་ཨེན་ཨོ་དྲི་སི། ཌབ་ལུ་ཌབ་ལུ་ཨེཕ། ཨའི་ཀའོ། འཛམ་གླིང་དངུལ་ཁང་ཚུ་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ ཀོ་ལོམ་བོ་ནང་འཐུས་མི་སྦེ་ ༡༩༦༢ ལུ་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཚོགས་པ་ནང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༤ ལུ། བེ་ཨོཕ་བེང་གལ་&lt;/big&gt;༼BIMSTEC༽ &lt;big&gt;ནང་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༤ ལུ། དེ་ལས་ ཨེ་སི་ཌི་ནང་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༥ ལུ་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་ནུག། འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཨི་སི་མོཊ། ཨེ་ཕོ་ཀོ། ཨེ་བུ་ཡུ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ འཐུས་མི་སྦེ་འཛུལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སཱཀ་གོང་འཕེལ་དངུལ་ཁང་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (&quot;Foreign Policy of the Kingdom of Bhutan&quot;, n.d.)

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Gyamtsho, T. (1996). A History of Bhutan. Thimphu, Bhutan: Ministry of Health and Education.
# Wangchuk, L.  (2008) Facts about Bhutan. Thimphu, Absolute Bhutan Books.
# UNICEF for every child. (2017, May). Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/media/62371/file/convention-rights-child-at-crossroads-2019.pdf
# Working for health. (2007). retrieved from http://www.who.int/about/brochure_en.pdf
# Everything You Always Wanted To Know About The United Nations. (2010) New York, Department of Public Information. Retrieved from http://www.uni-siegen.de/mun-siegen/siegmun/everything_un.pdf
# Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bhutan). (2021). Bhutan Celebrates its 50 Years of Membership to UN. Thimphu: Retrieved from http://www.mfa.gov.bt/?p=11340
# Priya, A. (n.d.). South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation: Problems and Prospects.
# Revised SAARC brief. (n.d.).
# Shaheen, I. (2013). South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): Its Role, Hurdles and Prospects. ResearchGate , 15 (6), 1.
# UNDP Bhutan. Retrieved from https://www.undp.org/content/dam/bhutan/UNDP%20Bhutan%20Brochure.pdf
# Sustainable Development Goals (UNDP). Retrieved from http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/corporate/brochure/SDGs_Booklet_Web_En.pdf
# World Food Programme. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/WFP_en.pdf
# Foreign Policy of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Mfa.gov.bt. Retrieved 13 December 2021, from https://www.mfa.gov.bt/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Foreign-Policy-Document.pdf.
# Phuntsho, K. (2013). The History of Bhutan (p. 237). Random House India.</text>
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      <text bytes="28173" xml:space="preserve">=== གླུ་གཞས། === 
&lt;big&gt;༉ གླུ་གཞས་འདི་ སྔོན་གོང་ལས་ར་ མི་རབས་ལས་མི་རབས་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ ཡོན་ཏན་དང་བརྩི་མཐོང་བརྗེ་སོར་དང་ཁྱབ་སྤེལ་འབད་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལམ་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། གླུ་གཞས་དང་སྙན་ཆ་འདི་ འབྲུག་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ལུ་ མེད་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་ལས་རིམ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ ཡ་རབས་ཀྱི་རིག་རྩལ་ཐོག་ལས་ བརྩི་མཐོང་དང་མི་སྡེ་གི་གནས་ཚད་ཚུ་ཡང་བརྡ་མཚོནམ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་པའི་གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་གི་གླུ་གཞས་དང་ཆོས་གླུ།  སྒྲ་དབྱངས་ཀྱི་རིགས་ཚུ་ནང་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ་ གླུ་གར་དང་ངག་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་འཐེན་མི་ཡང་ཡོད། གཞུང་སྒྲ། བོད་སྒྲ། གཡུས་སྒྲ། གཞས། གཞསམོ་ཟེར་མི་ཚུ་ག་ར་ གླུ་གར་གྱི་དཔེ་ཨིནམ་དང་ གཞན་རྩང་མོ། ཨ་ལོ། ཁོ་རེ། ཨའུ་སའི་རིགས་འདི་ཚུ་ གླུ་གཞས་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ཨིན། གླུ་གཞས་ལུ་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་གླུ་གཞས་དང་ ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གླུ་གཞས་ཟེར་དབྱེ་བ་གཉིས་ཡོད། དཔྱེ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཚོགས་གླུ་དང་མགུར་མ་ཚུ་ མཐུན་དང་ཆོས་ཕྱོགས་མཛད་སྒོའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་ སྤྲོ་སྟོན་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་མེན། རྗེ་བཙུན་མི་ལ་རས་པ་དང་ བདུད་འཇོམས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཚུ་གིས་མཛད་པའི་མགུར་མ་ཚུ་ངོ་མ་ར་ མི་ཕལ་པ་ཚུ་གི་སེམས་ཁར་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ས་བོན་བཙུགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན། འདི་བཟུམ་མའི་གཏིང་ཟབ་དྲགས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དོན་དང་ ཚོགས་བསག་ཚུགས་པའི་ཐབས་ལམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གླུ་གཞས་འདི་ཚུ་ འཐེན་ནི་དང་འཁྲབ་པའི་འབྲས་བུ་གིས་ ཚེ་ད་རེས་ཀྱི་བར་ཆད་བསལ་ཏེ་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ལྡན་ནི་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ ཚེ་ཕྱི་མ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང་འཐོབ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཁེ་ཕན་ཡོད། གཞན་ཡང་ འཆམ་དང་གླུ་གར་གྱི་རིགས་ཚུ་ དཀོན་མཆོག་ལུ་མཆོད་པ་ཕུལ་བའི་ཚུལ་ཡང་ཨིན། གླུ་གར་འཁྲབ་མི་དང་སྐད་འཐེན་མི་ག་ར་ཨིན་རུང་ ཚིག་དོན་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ འཁོར་བ་ལས་ཐར་ནིའི་ནུས་པ་ཡོད། ཆོས་གླུ་རྩམ་མི་བླམ་དང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ག་ར་འབད་རུང་ ཞབས་ཁྲའི་ཚིག་གསར་རྩོམ་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ འགྲོ་བ་མི་དང་སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་ལུ་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་འབྱུང་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་རྩམ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;  (Sharma, 2007)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ་ག་ར་དབྱེ་ཁག་ ༨ ནང་བསྡུཝ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་། ༡) བླ་མ་མཆོད་བསྟོད་ཀྱི་གླུ། ༢) ཆོས་དང་ཆོས་འབྲེལ་གྱི་གླུ། ༣) རྒྱལ་པོའི་བསྟོད་གླུ། ༤) རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་བསྟོད་གླུ། ༥) དགའ་གླུ། ༦) མཛའ་གླུ། ༧) འཁྲུལ་གླུ། ༨) བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྨོན་གླུ་ཚུ་ཨིན། སྔར་སྲོལ་གླུ་གཞས་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ དེང་སང་གི་རིག་གསར་གྱི་གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ་ལུ་ རིགས་སྣ་མ་འདྲཝ་དེམ་ཅིག་མེད། ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལུ་ རིག་གསར་གྱི་ཞབས་ཁྲ་ཚུ་ དགའ་གླུ་/མཛའ་གླུ་ཚུ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༧ པའི་ནང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་གྱུར་མཛད་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ རང་ལུགས་གླུ་གཞས་དང་ ཟློས་གར་གྱི་རིགས་ཚུ་ མེ་ཏོག་ཁ་རྒྱས་དོ་བཟུམ་དར་ཁྱབ་འགྱོ་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ བོད་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་མཐུན་ལམ་ཡང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ དགའ་བ་དང་ཚོར་བ་བརྗེ་སོར་ཚུ་ག་ར་ གླུ་གཞས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་འབད་སྡོད་ནུག། ལམ་བདའ་སྟེ་འགྱོ་བའི་ཞོར་ཁ་ དབངཔོ་ངལཝ་སངས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཞབས་ཁྲ་འཐེན་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གླུ་གཞས་ལེ་ཤ་ར་འབྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཞབས་ཁྲ་འདི་ཚུ་འཐེན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་སྙན་ཆ་ཚུ་ཡང་ གླིངམ། པི་ཝང་། སྒྲ་སྙན་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞན་ཡང་ ཀོང་ཐག། རྭ་དུང་། དབྱངས་ཅན་ཚུ་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;
བོད་སྒྲའི་གླུ་གཞས་འདི་ གླུ་ལུ་མཁས་པ་ཚུ་གི་གཞས་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དུས་སྟོན་དང་དགའ་སྟོན་གི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ནང་ གླུ་གཞས་འདི་ར་འཐེན་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བོད་སྒྲ་འདི་ བོད་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ས་གནས་ལྷོ་བྲག་ལས་བྱུང་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ཀུར་སྟོད་དང་ བུམ་ཐང་གི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་ནུག། འདི་ཡང་ གཙོ་བོ་ར་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྤྲོ་སྟོན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ གླུ་གཞས་འཐེན་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ རྒྱུ་མཚན་འདི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ་དར་ཁྱབ་སྦོམ་ཡར་སོ་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ བོདཔ་ཚུ་གིས་བོད་གནས་དང་ འབྲུགཔ་ཚུ་གིས་འབྲུག་གཞས་འཐེན་སྡོད་ནུག། འབྲུག་སྙན་ཆ་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་ལྟེ་བ་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲུགཔ་ཚུ་བོད་ལུ་གནས་སྐོར་འགྱོ་བའི་ཞོར་ཁར་ བོད་པའི་གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ་ལུ་ གཞི་བཞག་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཡང་ན་བོད་གཞས་ལས་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་གཞས་གསར་རྩོམ་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བོད་སྒྲ་ཟེར་དར་ཁྱབ་འགྱོ་ནུག། བོད་སྒྲ་འདི་ བོད་ལས་བྱུང་ཡོད་རུང་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་གི་ཧན་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་ གླུ་གཞས་འདི་འཐེན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞས་ཀྱི་ཚིག་ཚུ་ཡང་སོ་སོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཧེ་མ་ མི་དབང་སྐུ་འཁོར་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་ བོད་ལུ་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ལོག་ཞིནམ་ལས་ བོད་སྒྲ་དར་ཁྱབ་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ལྷན་ཐབས་འབད་ནུག། བོད་སྒྲ་གི་ཚིག་ཚུ་ཡང་ འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་གི་སའི་ཆགས་ཚུལ་བཅས་ རྒྱལཔོ་དང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཚུ་ལུ་བསྟོད་པའི་དོན་ཙང་ཙ་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གཞུང་སྒྲ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ གཞུང་གི་གླུ་དབྱངས་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ རྫོང་གཞིས་ཁག་ཚུ་ལས་བྱུང་སྟེ་ གཡུས་སྒོ་ཚུ་ནང་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༧ པའི་ནང་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་པའི་ཁྱད་རྣམ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ དར་ཁྱབ་འགྱོ་མི་གཞུང་སྒྲའི་གླུ་གཞས་ཀྱི་ཚིག་མང་ཤོས་ར་ ནང་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་ཚུ་ དཔེའི་གཟུགས་སུ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དཔེར་ན་གཡག་ལེགས་པའི་ལྷ་དར་དགའཝ་ཟེར་མི་ཚུ་ ཚེ་སྔ་མ་གཡག་གི་ལུས་རྟེན་བླངས་ཏེ་ཤི་བའི་སྲོལ་ལུ་ཐུག་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་འཐོནམ་ཨིན། གཞུང་སྒྲ་འདི་ མདངས་རིངམོ་སྦེ་འཐེན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ བུང་རིངམོ་སྦེ་གཏང་དགོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞུང་སྒྲ་འདི་འཐེན་ནི་ལུ་ལཱ་ཁག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ད་རེས་ཀྱི་དུས་ལུ་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གིས་ སྤྲོ་བ་ཞན་སུ་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཞག་དོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཉམས་ཤརཝ་ཨིན་པས། ཧེ་མའི་དུས་ལུ་ གཞུང་སྒྲའི་སྙན་ཆ་ཟེར་རུང་ གླིངམ་འདི་ཨིན། ཞབས་ཁྲའི་ལེའུ་འཁྲབ་པའི་སྐབས་ གྱལ་རིངམོ་སྦེ་བསྣར་ཏེ་རྐྱབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད། རྗེ་དགེ་འདུན་རིན་ཆེན་དང་། ཨ་ཞེ་དབང་མོ་ (འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་དང་པོའི་སྲསམོ།) དྲག་ཤོས་དགེ་འདུན་འཕྲིན་ལས། སློབ་དཔོན་གནག་མདོག་ཚུ་ གཞུང་སྒྲའི་རིགས་རྩམ་མི་དྲག་ཤོས་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Lily Wangchuk, 2008, p86).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;རྩང་མོ་འདི་ རྩོམ་རིག་གི་དབྱེ་བ་ནང་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན། རྩང་མོ་འདི་ ཚིག་བཅད་སྦེ་ ཚིག་རྐང་བཞིའི་སྙན་རྩོམ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཟུང་ལྡན་གྱི་རྒྱན་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཧེ་མའི་ཚིག་རྐང་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ གནས་སྟངས་སྟོནམ་མ་ཚད་ རྟིང་མམ་གྱི་ཚིག་རྐང་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ ཧེ་མའི་ཚིག་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ མཇུག་བསྡུ་བའི་དོན་སྟོནམ་ཨིན། རྩང་མོ་འདི་ དགྲ་གླུ་དང་སྙན་གླུ་སྦེ་འཐེན་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཕན་ཚུན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་དྲི་ལན་སྦེ་ཡང་འཐེན་སྲོལ་ཡོད། རྩང་མོ་འཐེན་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྙན་ཆ་ག་ཅི་ཡང་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་མེད་རུང་ འཕྲལ་འཕྲལ་གླིངམ་འཕུ་སྲོལ་ཡོད། བློ་ཟེ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ བློ་གི་མཛེས་རྒྱན་ཨིནམ་ལས་ འདི་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་གཉིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དང་པ་ སྲུང་དང་སྒྲུང་བཟུམ་སྦེ་བཤད་པའི་བློ་ཟེ་དང་ གཉིས་པ་ཚོར་བ་བརྗེ་སོར། བློ་ཟེ་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་རང་སའི་གཡུས་སྐད་ནང་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;
གཞས་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སྔར་སྲོལ་གྱི་གླུ་གཞས་ཀྱི་དབྱེ་བ་ཅིག་ཨིན། གཞས་འདི་ མང་ཤོས་ར་ རང་སའི་གཡུས་སྐད་ནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྔོན་མ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༡༦ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ མགར་ས་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་ ངོས་འཛིན་འབདཝ་ཨིན། གཞུང་སྒྲ་དང་བོད་སྒྲ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཁྱད་རྣམ་ཚུ་ གཞས་ནང་ཚུད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞས་མང་ཤོས་ར་ ཝང་གཞས། ནུབ་གཞས། ལྟ་ལོ་པའི་གཞས། སྤ་རོ་པའི་གཞས་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་དང་ མགོན་གཞས་ཚུ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ ཞབས་དྲུང་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མགོན་གཞས་ལུ་ ལིའུ་ ༢༡ ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ནུབ་གཞས་འདི་ གཞས་ཚུ་གི་སླ་ལས་ རིང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཨ་ལོ་འདི་ ཀུར་སྟོད་པའི་ཁ་སྐད་ནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཞེ་ཁྲོ་ཡར་མཆོད་འདི་ཨ་ལོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ སྔར་སྲོལ་གྱི་གླུ་གཞས་ཨིན་མི་ ཀྲོང་གསར་གྱི་གཡུས་ཁར་འཐེན་སྲོལ་ཡོད། ཁོ་རེ་གཞས་འདི་ དུང་བསམ་ལུ་འཐེན་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཨུའུ་ས་འདི་ ཧཱ་ལུ་འཐེན་སྲོལ་ཡོད། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཁེང་ལུ་ཨོ་མོ་ཨོ་མོ་པད་ལུང་ཚུ་འཐེན་སྲོལ་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༠ གི་སྐོར་ཆ་ལུ་ རིག་གསར་གྱི་གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ་བྱུང་བའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ སྤྲོ་སྟོན་གྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གིས་ སྤྲོ་བ་དང་དང་ལེན་འབད་ནི་འདི་ ཁྲོམ་ཁའི་ས་གོ་ཚུ་ནང་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ད་རེས་འབདཝ་ད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པར་ རིག་གསར་གྱི་གླུ་གཞས་ལུ་ སྤྲོ་བ་སྐྱེད་མི་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཡོད། རིག་གསར་གྱི་གླུ་གཞས་དང་པ་འདི་ གཞན་འདི་མི་དགོ་ཟེར་མི་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་ཡང་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་གླུ་གཞས་ ས་ཡོ་ན་ར་ཟེར་མི་ལས་དཔེ་དྲངས་ཏེ་བརྩམས་བརྩམས་ཨིན། གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ་ རྫོང་ཁའི་ཚིག་གི་ཐོག་ལུ་ གསར་རྩོམ་འབད་མི་གིས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཁ་སྐད་ རྫོང་ཁ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ཕན་རླབས་ཆེཝ་མ་ཚད་ ནང་པའི་རིག་གཞུང་ལྷབ་སྦྱང་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ ཕན་ཐོགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༤ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་རིག་གཞུང་སློབ་གྲྭའི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་སྡེ་ཚན་གཅིག་གིས་ ན་གཞོན་འཁྲབ་སྟོན་ཚོགས་པ་ཟེར་མི་ཅིག་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ སྡེ་ཚན་འདི་གིས་ རིག་གསར་གྱི་གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ་གསར་རྩོམ་འབད་དེ་ འཐེན་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Kuenga, n.d.)

=== འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་བཀོད་རིག་པ། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་བཀོད་རིག་པ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་ག་དང་ཡང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ནང་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བྱིན་རླབས་འཇུག་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་བཟོ་བཀོད་ཙང་ཙ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ བཟོ་བཀོད་རིག་པ་གིས་་ཕྱུགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན་དགོ་མི་འདི་ཡང་ དུས་དང་ཕུ་དིང་ཕུ་དུས་རབས་ ༧ པའི་ནང་ལས་ར་བཞེངས་ཡོད་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་མགོན་སྡེ་ཚུ་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ནང་ཡང་མཇལ་ཚུགས་ནི་འདི་གིས་ཨིན། 
བཟོ་སྐྲུན་གྱི་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ ལྕགས་ཟེར་དང་ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་ལས་ཐོན་པའི་ལག་ཆ་ཚུ་ ལག་ལེན་མ་འཐབ་པར་ རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་གནས་སྐབས་བཏོན་ཏེ་ བཟོ་རིག་གི་ལཱ་ཚུ་འབད་དེ་སྡོད་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཁྱིམ་གྱི་ བཟོ་བཀོད་ཚུ་ཡང་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འཆར་གཞི་ཧེ་མ་ལས་བརྩམས་ཏེ་མེན་པར་ བཟོ་བོ་གི་ལཱ་ཡོད་ཚད་ཅིགཔ་ རང་སོའི་བློ་རིག་ཐོག་ལས་འབད་སྡོད་ནུག། བཟོ་རྣམ་ཚུ་ཡང་ རང་བཞིན་སའི་ཆགས་ཚུལ་ལྟར་དུ་སྦེཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གནམ་གཤིས་གནས་སྟངས་དང་འཁྲིལ་སྟེ་ ཁྱིམ་དང་ལྷ་ཁང་ རྫོང་གཞི་ཚུ་ཡང་སོ་སོ་སྦེ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Wangchuk, 2016)&lt;br&gt;
==== རྫོང་གི་བཟོ་བཀོད་རིག་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;རྫོང་གཞིས་ཚུ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ རྡོ་དང་ཤིང་ དེ་ལས་ འདམ་ཚུ་གིས་རྐྱབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དང་ཕུའི་རྫོང་ཚུ་ལུ་ འཛུལ་སྒོ་གཅིག་ལས་མེདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ག་ར་ལུ་ དབུ་རྩེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ མཐའ་སྐོར་ལུ་ རྡོ་གཅལ་་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཚུ་གི་་གྱང་ཚུ་ ཁ་ནང་ན་བལྟ་སྟེ་་ཧལ་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྒོ་སྒྲིག་ཚུ་ཚོད་གཞི་གནགཔོ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁྱིམ་ཐོག་འདི་ རྒྱ་བཞི་སྦེ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ བྱི་གཞོལ་སྦེབཀབ་སྟེ་འོངམ་ཨིན། སྤྱིར་བཏང་གི་ཁྱིམ་ཚུ་ལུ་ རྒྱ་བཞི་འདི་མི་འཐོབ་ནི་ཨིན་པས། རྫོང་གི་ནང་ན་ལུ་ ཀ་ཆེན་ལེ་ཤ་འོངམ་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་ཚུ་ཡང་ པ་ཏྲ་རབ་འབྲིང་ཐ་སྦེ་ གཟི་བརྗིད་་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བརྐོ་སྟེ་འོངམ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
==== འབྲུག་གི་ཁྱིམ། ====
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་གི་ཁྱིམ་ཚུ་ རིན་གོང་ཆུང་བའི་རྩིས་ས་གིས་རྐྱབ་ཨིན་རུང་ མང་ཤོས་ར་རང་ལུགས་འབྲུག་པའི་ལུགས་སྲོལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་ རྐྱབ་མི་ཙང་ཙ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ ཤིང་ཆས་དང་འདམ་ཚུ་ ལེ་ཤ་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཏེ་རྐྱབ་སྲོལ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ རང་སོའི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་གནམ་གཤིས་གནས་སྟངས་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཁྱིམ་ཚུ་ རྡོ་གིས་སྦེ་འབད་རྐྱབ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ས་ཁ་དམའ་ས་ཚུ་ནང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྦ་དང་ཤིང་གིས་སྦེ་རྐྱབ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== ལྷ་ཁང་དང་མགོན་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;ལྷ་ཁང་དང་མགོན་པ་ཚུ་གི་བཟོ་རྣམ་འདི་ རྫོང་དང་ཆ་འདྲ་སུ་ཅིག་ཡོད་རུང་ རྒྱའི་སྦོམ་ཚད་འདི་ ཨ་ཙི་ཅིག་ཆུང་སི་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་ཚུ་གི་གྱང་གི་མདོག་འདི་དཀརཔོ་དང་ མང་ཤོས་ར་ཁྱིམ་ཐོག་གུར་གསེར་ཏོག་རྟོག་བཀལ་ཏེ་འོངམ་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་གི་ནང་ན་འབད་རུང་ པ་ཏྲ་ཊ་ཅན་མའི་མཆོད་བཤམ་དང་ ཀ་ཆེན་ཡ་མཚན་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་འོངམ་མ་ཚད་  གྱང་གུར་ནང་པའི་ལྷ་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ལྡེབས་རིས་ འཇའ་ཆི་ཆི་ཚུ་སྦྱར་ཏེ་འོངམ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 
==== ཟམ་པ། ====
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སའི་ཆགས་ཚུལ་འདི་ གྱེན་ཟར་དྲགས་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཆུ་ཚུ་ཤུགས་སྦེ་འབབ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཟམ་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྔར་སྲོལ་གྱི་ལུགས་ལྟར་ བ་ཟམ་རྐྱབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་རུང་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་དེང་སང་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ བཟོ་རྣམ་དང་རྒྱུ་ཆས་ཚུ་ཡང་ ལེ་ཤ་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འགྱོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wanghcuk, L. (2008). Facts about Bhutan. Thimphu, Absolute Bhutan Books.
# Kuenga, S. (n.d.). The Attributes and Values of Folks and Popular Songs. The Centre for Bhutan Studies, 132–156. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/1323085.pdf
# Sharma, C. S. (2007). Echoes of Folksongs in Bhutanese Literature in English. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262726145
# A History of Bhutan. (n.d): Class 10. Royal Education Council (REC). (Original work published 1996)
# Wangchuk, D. (2016). Foundations of Bhutan History: A Concise Guide (1st ed.). Omega Traders.
# TRADITIONAL ARCHITECTURE]. (n.d). Retrieved from http://admin.theiguides.org/Media/Documents/TRADITIONAL-ARCHITECTURE1.pdf
# A Review on Traditional Architecture Houses in Buddhist Culture. (2017). 5(3), 113–123. http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajcea/5/3/6</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ལོ་བསྟར་་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༢ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༧ འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་རབས་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཉིནམ་རྩ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༧ ལུ་ ཉིནམ་འདི་ཁར་ གོང་་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="8611" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ལོ་བསྟར་་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༢ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༧ འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་རབས་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཉིནམ་རྩ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༧ ལུ་ ཉིནམ་འདི་ཁར་ གོང་་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་སྲོལ་མཛད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབམ་ནང་ རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་སྲོལ་བཏོད་གནང་བའི་དུས་སྟོན་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཉིནམ་དེ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་འབྲུག་དབང་ཕྱུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་གདུལ་བྱའི་ཞིང་མཆོག་ལུ་གྱུར་ནུག།
ལོ་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༢ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༧ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པའི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ཉིནམ་སྦེ་ མི་ཆེ་འབྲིང་ཆུང་གསུམ་ག་ར་ མགྲིན་གཅིག་དབྱངས་གཅིག་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་དུས་ཆེན་གལ་ཅན་འདི་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཉིནམ་འདི་ཁར་འབྲུག་མི་ཡོགས་ཀྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཡབ་མེས་དམ་པ་རྣམས་ འུ་སྡུག་ཐང་ཆད་དང རང་སྲོག་ཡང་བློས་བཏང་སྟེ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་འགྱུར་མཛད་གནང་མི་ལུ་ བཀའ་དྲིན་དྲན་པའི་ཉིནམ་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (2018)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་རབས་ལུ་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་འབྲུག་ལུ་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༡༦ ལུ་ བྱོན་ཏེ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་འགྱུར་མཛད་དེ་ མི་ལོ་ ༣༥ གྱི་རིང་ཆབ་སྲིད་བསྐྱངས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་འདས་ལོ་༡༦༥༡ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ མི་ལོ་ ༢༢༥ གི་རིང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དབུ་འཁྲིདཔ་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་ཅིག་རྩ་ལས་མེད་པར་ སྟབས་མ་བདེ་བའི་རྐྱེན་ངན་གྱིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་རང་བཞིན་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་སོ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༠ སྐོར་ཆ་ལུ་ སྲིད་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་སོ་སོའི་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ ཁ་འཆམ་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ནང་འཁྲུག་དང་དམག་འཐབ་ཀྱི་བྱ་བ་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་བྱུང་ནུག། སྟབས་མ་བདེ་བའི་དུས་ཚོད་འདི་ཁར་ ལུང་བསྟན་གྱིས་བཀོད་དེ་གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ ག་གིས་ཡང་གླགས་འཁེལ་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་འགྲན་ཟླ་དང་བྲལ་བའི་སྟོབས་ཤུགས་ཅན་ཅིག་སྦེ་སྡོད་ནུག། རྒྱུ་མཚན་འདི་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཧཱ་དྲུང་པ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༦ ལུ་ལྷན་རྒྱས་གཞུང་ཚོགས་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་དབུ་ཁྲིད་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་མེད་པའི་སྟབས་ཀྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བཞི་བདེ་ཀྱི་ཉིནམ་ཅིག་རྩ་ལས་མ་བྱུང་བའི་ཁར་ དམག་འཁྲུག་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཡང་ཚད་མེདཔ་ཅིག་བྱུང་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཁ་བསལ་སྦེ་བཤད་དེ་ དུས་དེ་ལས་ཚུར་གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་ཆབ་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་བའི་བདག་པོ་སྦེ་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་སྲོལ་འབད་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཞུ་ཡིག་ཕུལ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ཚུར་འབྲུག་གི་དབང་ཕྱུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རིང་ལུགས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་འགྱུར་་བ་མེད་པར་ཤར་བཞིན་དུ་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;  (Wangchuk, 2016)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འདི་འབདཝ་ལས་ བཀའ་དྲིན་ཅན་གྱི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་དང་པ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ ད་རེས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༡ ཚུན་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་ཐེངས་ ༡༡༤ བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ང་བཅས་རའི་བཀྲིན་ཅན་གྱི་བདག་ཉིད་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ དཔལ་མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ མི་སེར་ག་རའི་གོ་སྐབས་འདྲ་མཉམ་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་དང་གཞན་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་ནང་ལོ་སྐོར་སྦེ་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུཝ་ཨིནམ་དང་ འབྲུག་མི་ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་ལུ་བཞུགས་མི་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ཡང་ གཞུང་གིས་ཟད་འགྲོ་བཏང་ཐོག་ལས་ འཁྲབ་རྩེདཔ་ཚུ་ལྟདམོ་སྟོན་པར་གཏང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཉིནམ་འདི་ཁར་ དགའ་བའི་གླུ་ལེན་སྐྱིད་པའི་བྲོཝ་འཁྲབ་སྟེ་སྤྲོ་སྟོན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ སྣམ་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རང་སོའི་ཁ་རྗེ་དབང་ཐང་ལུ་རྟེན་པའི་རྒྱན་ཤོག་གི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཡང་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ གསོལ་ར་ཡང་རྒྱས་རྒྱས་སྦེ་སྤྲོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (n.d.)

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# A History of Bhutan 19th to 20th Century. (2018).  Course Book for Class VIII (4th ed.) Royal Education Council (REC).
# A HISTORY OF BHUTAN. (n.d.).  Class 10. Royal Education Council (REC). (Original work published 1996)
# Wangchuk, D. (2016). Foundations of Bhutan History: A Concise Guide (1st ed.). Omega Traders.</text>
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      <text bytes="11783" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉	བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་བྱ་ཨིན། བྱ་འདི་གི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་མཛེས་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ཆོས་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཡང་འབྲེལ་བ་སྦོམ་ཡོད། བྱ་འདི་གིས་འབྲུག་གི་སྲུང་མ་བྱ་རོག་གདོང་ཅན་གྱི་བརྡ་མཚོན་ཡང་སྟོནམ་ཨིན། ཧེ་མ་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་འབྲུག་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ ཆོས་སྐྱོང་སྲུང་མ་ མ་ཧཱ་ཀ་ལ་གིས་བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་ལུ་སྤྲུལ་ཏེ་ལམ་སྟོན་མཛད་གནང་ཡི་ཟེར་བཤད་སྲོལ་ཡོད་ཨིན། ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལཔོ་རིམ་བྱོན་རྣམས་ཀྱི་དབུ་ཞྭ་ བྱ་རོག་གདོང་ཅན་གྱི་བཟོ་རྣམ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ བྱ་འདི་ལུ་ གུས་བཀུར་དང་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ ཆོས་སྐྱོང་སྲུང་མ་ལུ་དད་དམ་གཙང་མ་ཡོད་པའི་རྟགས་ཨིན། བྱ་རོག་གདོང་ཅན་དང་ཡེ་ཤེས་མགོན་པོ་ དེ་ལས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོ་གསུམ་གྱིས་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དང་མི་སེར་ཡོངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབདཝ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༨༥ ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཕྱི་གླིངཔ་(བིརི་་ཊིཤ་ཨིན་ཌི་ཡ) དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཕྱད་མདའ་རྐྱབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བྱ་རོག་གདོང་ཅན་གྱི་དབུ་ཞྭ་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ དབང་ཕྱུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ དབུ་ཞྭ་བྱ་རོག་གདོང་ཅན་གྱི་རྣམ་པ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་གསད་ནི་འདི་ འཁྲིམས་འགལ་གྱི་ལཱ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བཟུམ་སྦེ་བྱ་ཨོརོག་གི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོད་ལུགས་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་གྱི་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ཡིད་ཆེས་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་འདི་ ལོ་ངོ་བརྒྱ་ཕྲག་ལས་བཅད་མི་ དང་ཕུའི་སྲུང་དང་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ བཤད་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མང་ཤོས་ཀྱིས་བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་འདི་ ལྷོའི་ཕོ་ཉའི་་བརྡ་མཚན་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཤད་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྒྱ་ནག་གི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ནང་ཆརཔ་དང་རླུང་འཚུབ་འདི་བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་གི་མིག་འཕྲུལ་དང་ ལྷ་ཚུ་ཕར་དང་ཚུར་འགྲོ་འགྲུལ་འབད་བའི་བརྡ་མཚོན་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན། ལྷོ་ཨ་མི་རི་ཀཱའི་མི་ཚུ་གིས་བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་འདི་ ལྷ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་ལུ་མཚན་རིག་གི་མིང་འདི་ ཀོར་ཝསི་ཀོ་རེཀསི་&lt;/big&gt;(Corvus corax) &lt;big&gt;ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིནམ་དང་ བཟོ་རྣམ་འདི་བྱ་ཨོ་ལ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་མཐོངམ་ཨིན། བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་འདི་ ཚོས་གཞི་ནགཔ་སྦེ་དང་ མཆོ་ཏོ་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ སྐད་འདི་སྦོམ་སྦེ་རྐྱབ་ཨིན་པས། སྤྱིར་བཏང་ བྱ་ཨོ་ལ་ཚུ་མཆོ་ཏོག་སྦོམ་སྦེ་བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་དང་འདྲ་སུ་ཅིག་ཡོད་རུང་ བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་གི་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་སྦོམ་ཚད་འདི་ཨིནཅི་ ༢༨ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།   བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་གི་གཤོག་སྒྲོ་འདི་ འོད་ཆེམ་ཆེ་རིངམོ་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ བྱ་ཕོ་མོ་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ ཚོས་གཞི་ཧོནམོ་དང་གནགཔོ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།	&lt;br&gt;
བྱ་འདི་ཚུ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་སར་འཁྱམ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ གནམ་དགུན་ལུ་བྱ་འདི་ཚུ་ས་ཁ་དམའ་ས་མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༢༣༠༠ གི་ས་གནས་ཚུན་ཚོདལྷོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བྱ་འདི་འབྲས་ལྗོངས་དང་ལ་དྭགས་ དེ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་མཐོང་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ དམ་མཐང་ ལྕེ་རི་ཐང་ བྱ་གོ་བེ་ གླིང་གཞི ལྕི་བི་ས་དང་ དབུས་ཕྱོགས་བུམ་ཐང་ དུར་དང་ པེ་གུ་ལ། དེ་ལས་ འབྲུག་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་སེང་གེ་རྫོང་གི་ཉེ་འདབས་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་གནས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱིར་བཏང་ བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་ཚུ་མང་ཤོས་་ར་ཡ་དང་ཆ་སྦེ་མཐོངམ་མ་གཏོགས་ཁྱུ་སྦེ་དེ་ཅིག་མཐོང་ནི་མེད། གནམ་ཁར་ལྡིང་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཁ་ལྟོར་ཏེ་འཕུར་ནི་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གཤོག་སྒྲོ་འགྲོས་ཀྱིས་སྦེ་གཡབ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  བྱ་འདི་ཚུ་ མང་ཤོས་ར་ཉེ་འདབས་ལུ་ སྤང་གཤོང་དང་ས་གཞི་གོ་ཡང་ཏོང་ཏོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཚལ་མ་ཚུ་ནང་འཁྱམས་ཏེ་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་འདི་ ཤ་དང་རྩྭའི་རིགས་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ཟ་མི་སེམས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན། བྱ་འདི་ཚུ་ མང་ཤོས་ར་བམ་ཤ་དང་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་རོ་ཚུ་ལུ་ལོངས་སྤྱད་དེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གདོང་སོ་ཅན་གྱི་སྲོག་ཆགས་དཔེར་ན་བྱི་ཙི་ རི་བོང་ལ་སོགས་པ་དང་ བྱའི་སྒོང་རྡོག་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ཟཝ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ ཤིང་འབྲས་སྟར་གོ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཟཝ་ཨིན་པས། བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་གིས་ གཙོ་བོ་ར་ སེམས་ཅན་ཤི་ཤིཝ་གི་རོ་ཚུ་ལུ་ལོངས་སྤྱོདཔ་ལས་ སེམས་ཅན་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཚུ་བསད་དེ་དེམ་ཅིག་མི་ཟ། བྱ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཚུ་སྡེ་ཚན་བཟོ་སྟེ་གནམ་ནུབ་མོ་གནང་ཁར་འཕུར་ནི་ཡོདཔ་དང་ བྱ་རྒས་ཤོས་ཚུ་མང་ཤོ་ར་ཕོ་མོ་ཟུང་སྦེ་མཐོང་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ས་ཁོངས་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་སྟེ་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
ཨོ་རོག་གི་ཕོ་མོ་སྦྲག་ནི་འདི་ལཱ་ཁག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཕོ་མོ་ག་འབད་རུང་ལྟོ་འཚོལ་ནི་གི་བློ་རིག་དང་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ དེ་ལས་ ཡང་རྩལ་ཚུ་ཡང་ལེགས་ཤོམ་དགོཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ བྱ་འདི་གིས་མང་ཤོ་ར་ མི་ཚེ་གཅིག་གཅིག་ཁར་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། བྱ་འདི་གིས་ ཁོང་རའི་ཚང་ཡང་ལོ་ལེ་ཤ་གི་རིང་ལུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ བྱ་མོ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པ་ལས་ ཤིང་གི་ལྕུག་ཀུ་ཚུ་གིས་སྦེ་ ཚང་བཟོ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ བྱ་ཕོ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྔོ་དྲེག་དང་སྐྱ་ཚུ་འབག་འོངམ་ཨིན་པས། བྱ་ཨོ་རོག་མོ་ཚུ་གིས་སྒོང་རྡོག་ ༣-༦ གི་བར་ན་ འབུད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྒོང་རྡོག་ཚུ་ཁུག་ནི་གི་དུས་ཚོད་འདི་ ཉིན་ཞག་ ༡༨-༢༡ ཚུན་ཚོད་འགོར་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བྱི་ཅུང་ཚུ་ཞག་ ༣༥-༤༢ ཀྱི་བར་ན་གཤོག་སྒྲོ་སྐྱེས་ཚརཝ་ཨིན་རུང་ དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ཁོ་རའི་ཕམ་གིས་ ཟླཝ་ ༦ ཚུན་གྱི་རིང་ བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།
&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Retrieved from National Bird - Bhutan Peaceful Tours &amp; Treks
# Retrieved from National symbols of Bhutan, Flag, Emblem, Animal, Bird, Flower, Tree – Little Bhutan
# Retrieved from Common Raven: National Bird of Bhutan | Interesting Facts (vdio.com)
# Retrieved from National Bird of Bhutan - Raven national Bird Bhutann (himalaya2000.com)</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༩ གི་ལོར་ འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་བར་ན་ཆིངས་ཡིག་གུར་མཚན་རྟགས་བཀོད་པའི་ལོ་ལུ་བཟོ་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་པ་མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་དབ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="10118" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༩ གི་ལོར་ འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་བར་ན་ཆིངས་ཡིག་གུར་མཚན་རྟགས་བཀོད་པའི་ལོ་ལུ་བཟོ་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་པ་མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ བཟོ་བཀོད་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་དབྱིབས་གྲུ་བཞི་དང་ ཚོས་གཞིཚོས་གཞི་ཡང་ཕྱེད་དམརཔོ་དང་ཕྱེད་སེརཔོ་སྦེ་ཡོད། ཚོས་གཞིཚོས་གཞི་དམར་སེར་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྦུག་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ཚོན་མདངས་ལྕང་ཁ་ཅནམ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་དར་གྱི་རས་ཆའི་མཐའམ་སྟོད་དང་སྨད་ཀྱི་སྦུག་ལུ་ ཐད་ཀར་བལྟ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་བུམ་ཐང་པད་ཚལ་གླིང་ལས་ཨིན་མི་ ལྷ་བྲིསཔ་ལྟའུ་ལྟུའུ་གིས་ཚེམ་དྲུབ་འཐུ་ནུག། ལྷ་བྲིསཔ་འདི་དེ་བསྒང་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་གཡོག་འཁོར་ནང་ཡོད་ཡོད་པའི་ ལྷ་བྲིསཔ་དཀོན་དྲགས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། འབྲུག་གི་ཚོས་གཞིཚོས་གཞི་ལྕག་ཁ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ གཞི་སྔར་སྲོལ་དང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབང་དུ་བཏང་སྟེ་ གཡུ་འབྲུག་སྔོན་མོའི་ཚུལ་དུ་བཟོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Wangchuk, 2008).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ ཐེངས་གཉིས་པ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༦ ལོར་མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་སུ་གཟིགས་སྐོར་གནང་པར་འབྱོནམ་ད་ གཞུང་ཞབས་ཡིག་ཚང་གི་འགོ་དཔོན་དག་པ་ཅིག་གིས་ ལམ་འགྲུལ་འབདཝ་ད་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནུག། ཁོང་ཚུ་གིས་ ཧེ་མ་རྒྱ་འབྲུག་ཆིངས་ཡིག་གུར་མཚན་རྟགས་བཀོད་པའི་ནམ་དུས་ལུ་བཟོ་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་དར་ པར་རིས་ཐོག་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་གུར་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་དར་གསར་བཟོ་འབད་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ འབྲུག་གི་ཚད་གཞི་འདི་དཀརཔོ་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་མཛད་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
ད་རེས་ཡོད་པའི་ཚད་ལྡན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༠ ང་གྲངས་ནང་ལུ་ སྒང་ཏོག་སི་ཀིམ་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་དོན་གཅོདཔ་ཅིག་འབྲུག་ལུ་འོང་བའི་སྐབས་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་དར་དབྱིབས་གྲུ་བཞི་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་རྒྱལ་དར་དབྱིབས་གྲུ་བཞི་དཀྱུས་རིང་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རླུང་གིས་གཡབ་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་སྐྱོན་མཐོང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ཧེ་མ་འབྲུག་གི་ཁ་ རྒྱལ་དར་རས་ཆ་གི་སྦུག་ལས་ཐད་ཀར་སྦེ་བལྟ་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་ཁ་གནམ་ཁར་བལྟ་སྟེ་ གསེག་དྲ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ ནམ་རང་འཕྱར་རུང་ རས་ཆ་མར་འབུད་དེ་འབྲུག་ཡང་ ཁ་ཕྱོགས་ས་ཁར་བལྟ་བའི་མཐོང་སྣང་བྱུངམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་དར་གསར་པའི་གུར་ འབྲུག་གི་རི་མོའི་ཚོན་འགོ་དང་པ་ར་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་གླིང་མུ་ཁ་ལས་ཨིན་པའི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་ཇ་བརྡ་སློབ་དཔོན་གྱིས་བཏང་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨-༦༩ གི་མཚམས་ལུ་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་པོའི་བཀའ་བཞིན་ རྒྱལ་དར་གྱི་ཚོས་གཞིཚོས་གཞི་ཕྱེད་དམརཔོ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ལི་ཝང་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དབྱིབས་ཡང་གྲུ་བཞི་དཀྱུས་རིང་ཀྱི་ཚད་གཞི་ དཀྱུས་ལུ་ཕིཊ་ ༩ དང་རྒྱ་ཁྱོན་ཚད་ཕིཊ་ ༦ སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་ཡོད་ཚདཔ་ཅིག་གི་གདོང་ཁར་ ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་རྒྱལ་དར་འཕྱར་སྲོལ་མེད་རུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨ ལུ་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་པོའི་གཟིམ་དཔོན་ཡིག་ཚང་ཐེངས་གཉིས་པ་ རྟ་བབ་ལས་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ནང་སྤོ་སོར་འབད་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལཔོ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཡིག་ཚང་གི་གདོང་ཁར་རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་འཕྱར་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཁྲིམས་མཐུན་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག། འདི་འབདཝ་ལས་ ད་རེས་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་གཡོ་ཁྲམ་སྦེ་ ཕྱེད་སེརཔོ་དང་ཕྱེད་ལི་ཝང་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྟག་གི་ཕྱེད་སེརཔོ་འདི་སྲིད་ཀྱི་རྟགས་མཚན་དང་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ངོ་ཡང་མཚུངསམ་ལས་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ཟུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་བདག་པོ་ཨིན་པའི་བརྡ་ཡང་ཨིན། ཕྱེད་ལི་ཝང་གི་ཚོས་གཞི་འདི་གིས་ ནང་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བརྡ་མཚོན་དང་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་དང་ལྷག་པར་དུ་ བཀའ་རྙིང་བཟུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཆོས་ཚུ་ དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས་པའི་རྟགས་མཚན་ཨིན། འབྲུག་དཀརཔོ་གཡོ་ཁྲམ་སྦེ་ ཁ་ཡར་གནམ་ཁ་ལུ་བལྟ་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་གིས་ ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ལྡན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མིང་སྟོནམ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གི་ཚོས་གཞི་དཀརཔོ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ ཁ་སྐད་དང་ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་མ་གཅིག་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་མགྲིན་དབྱངས་གཅིག་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནིའི་དད་དམ་གཙང་མའི་སེམས་ཡོད་པའི་རྟགས་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་དར་གྱི་ཚད་གཞི་ དཀྱུས་རིང་ཚད་ ཕིཊ་ ༣ དང་རྒྱ་ཁྱོན་ཚད་ཕིཊ་ ༢ དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཐག་བཅད་ཡོད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་དར་འདི་ཚད་གཞི་མ་འདྲཝ་ ཕིཊ་ ༢༡*༡༤། ཕིཊ་ ༡༢*༨། ཕིཊ་ ༦*༤།ཕིཊ་ ༣*༢། ཕིཊ་ ༩*༦། སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Penjore &amp; Kinga, 2002)

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Penjore, D., &amp; Kinga, S. (2002). The Origin and Description of the National Flag and National Anthem of The Kingdom of Bhutan. The Centre for Bhutan Studies. Retrieved from https://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/publicationFiles/OccasionalPublications/NationalFlag.pdf
# Wanghcuk, L. (2002) Facts about Bhutan. Thimphu, Absolute Bhutan Books.</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སེམས་ཅན་ཨིན། འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ ཨོ་འཐུང་སྲོག་ཆགས་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ སྤུ་ཅནམ་དང་རྐང་རྨ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="14108" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སེམས་ཅན་ཨིན། འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ ཨོ་འཐུང་སྲོག་ཆགས་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ སྤུ་ཅནམ་དང་རྐང་རྨིག་ཡོད་མི། རྩྭ་ཟ་མི་རིགས་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ དཔུངམ་མར་གུག་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ལྟག་ཀོ་ཐུང་ཀུ་སྟུག་པག་པ་སྦེ་ཡོད། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གདོང་རྒྱ་སྦོམ་ རྣམ་ཅོ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ ལྷ་པ་འབུར་རིལ་རི་དང་ རྭཝ་རྒྱབ་ལོག་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སེམས་ཅན་འདི་གི་རང་གཤིས་འདི་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་གཡོ་་སྒྱུ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ མཐའ་ཟུར་ཀྱི་ཚལ་མ་སྟུག་པག་པ་ཚུ་ནང་འཁྱམས་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁོང་གི་གཟུགས་ཚད་ སྦོམ་འཚམས་ཅིག་དང་ བོངས་ཚོད་ཆེ་རུང་ གྱེན་ཐུར་གཟར་དྲགས་ཚུ་ནང་ འཇམ་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་འཛེག་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན། འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་ལུ་ རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་བཞི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ བུ་དོར་ཀསི་ ཊེ་སི་ཀ་ལར་ཝའེཊ་&lt;/big&gt; ༼BUDORCAS TAXICOLOR WHITE༽ &lt;big&gt;འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Lily Wangchuk, 2008). &lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༥ ལུ་ བིརི་ཊིཤ་གི་དོན་གཅོད་འགོ་དཔོན་གྱིས་ འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙིའི་ཕྱུ་གུ་ཅིག་ རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་གནས་པའི་ས་ཁོངས་ནང་སྡོད་ཡོད་པའི་པར་བཏབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱུ་མཚན་འདི་འབདཝ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༨༥༣ དང་ ༡༩༡༨ ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ཕྱི་གླིངཔ་ཇཱོན་ཀལའུཌ་ཝའིཊ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་འ་ནཱི་སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་ དངོས་གསལ་གློག་བརྙན་གྱི་སྒྲུབ་བྱེད་ཐོབ་མི་ ཡུ་རོབ་ཀྱི་མི་ཁུངས་དང་པ་ཨིན། དེ་ཚུན་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ སེམས་ཅན་འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ གིརཀི་&lt;/big&gt;༼GREEK༽ &lt;big&gt;གི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་ནང་ལས་ཡང་ ཐོན་ཡོད་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་ སྤུ་མདོག་ཅན་ གཤོག་སྒྲོ་ལྡན་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། འདི་འབདཝ་ལས་ སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བཤལ་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ ལྟདམོ་བལྟ་བར་འོང་མི་གི་གནད་དོན་སྦོམ་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ནུག། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་འདི་ ས་གནས་གཞན་ཡང་ རྒྱ་གར་བྱང་ཤར་དང་རྒྱ་ནག། བོད་ཀྱི་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་མཐོངམ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Wangchuk et al., 2015)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་བྱུང་རབས་དང་ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་ཚུ་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲཝ་གི་ཡན་ལག་ཚུ་གཅིག་ཁར་བསྡུ་སྟེ་བཟོ་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༥ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པ་ཀུན་ལེགས་ ལྷོ་སྨན་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ནང་ བླམ་རྩ་ཆེན་ཅིག་ལས་ཆོས་ཞུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མི་ལེ་ཤ་སྤུངས་འཛོམས་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ས་གནས་འདི་ཁར་བྱོན་ནུག། འདི་ཁར་ ཁོ་གི་སྤྱིར་མིན་པའི་བྱ་སྤྱོད་ ཁྲག་ལོང་སི་སི་སྟོན་པའི་སྐབས་ ཆོས་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་མི་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་གི་སེམས་ཁར་མ་བབས་མ་ཚད་ མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ཁོ་ལུ་བརྙས་བཅོས་འབད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ མིག་འཕྲུལ་དང་རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་སྟོན་ཞིག་ཟེར་ཁོང་ཁྲོ་སློང་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པ་ཀུན་ལེགས་མཆོག་ བཏང་སྙོམས་ཀྱི་ངང་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ དེ་ཚེ་ཉིན་དགུང་ལུ་ ཁོ་ལུ་སེམས་ཅན་ བ་དང་ར་ཅིག་འབག་ཤོག་ཟེར་གསུངས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སེམས་ཅན་འདི་བསད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཤ་དང་ཁྲག་ཡོད་ཚདཔ་ཅིགཔོ་བཟའ་འཐུང་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་མ་ རུ་ཏོ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་བཀོག་བཞག་ནུག། རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ བླམ་གིས་ སྣང་མེད་ཀྱི་ངང་ལུ་ སེམས་ཅན་ར་གི་མགུ་ཏོ་འབག་འོངས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ བའི་རུ་ཏོ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་མཐུདཔ་ཅིག་ ཕྱག་མཛུབ་ཀྱིས་ ངེས་མེད་ཀྱི་སྐད་སྒྲ་གཅིག་བཏང་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ སེམས་ཅན་ཁྱོད་ཡར་ལོངས་ཏེ་ རྩྭ་ཟ་བར་སོང་ཞིག་ཟེར་བཀའ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་སྦེ་བཀའ་གནངམ་ཅིག་ སེམས་ཅན་ཤི་བའི་རོ་འདི་ ཡར་ལོངས་ཏེ་རྩྭ་ཟ་བར་འགྱོ་ནུག། འདི་ལུ་བལྟ་སྟེ་ དེ་ཁར་འཛོམས་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ག་ར་ཧ་ལས་ཏེ་ རྣམ་ཏོག་ལངས་ཆི་ནུག། ལོ་རྒྱུས་ལས་བཅད་པ་ཅིན་ སེམས་ཅན་འདི་འ་ནཱི་སྦེ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་འདི་ རྩྭ་ཟ་མི་སེམས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ འབྲུག་ནུབ་བྱང་དང་བྱང་ཤར་གྱི་གནས་ཚལ་ཚུ་ནང་མཐོང་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན། ཁོང་གིས་རྩྭ་ངོ་མ་སྦེ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་ལོ་ན་སྨིན་པ་ཚུའི་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ལྗིད་ཚད་ཀེ་ཇི་ ༢༠༠ ལྷག་ཙམ་ཡོད། སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ རྩ་མེད་འགྱོ་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོད་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ད་ལྟོ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ཡོད། སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ཚུ་ ས་གནས་མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་༡༠༠༠ དང་ ༤༥༠༠ གི་བར་ན་ རྩྭ་དང་འདབ་མ་ལུ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་དེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གནམ་བྱཱར་ལུ་ སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ཚུ་ཁྱུ་ཁྱུ་སྦེ་གྲངས་ཚད་ ༡༠༠ ལྷག་ཙམ་སྦེ་སྡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གནམ་དགུན་ལུ་ ཁྱུ་གྲངས་ ༡༠ དང་ ༥༠ གི་བར་ན་སྡོད་དེ་ ས་ཁ་དམའ་ས་ མགར་ས་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ གནས་སྤོ་སྟེ་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན། རི་གླང་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་ཕོ་ཚུ་མང་ཤོས་ རང་རྐྱང་སྦེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གི་འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་ ནམ་དུས་འགུལ་སྐྱོད་དང་འཁྱམ་ས་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ག་གིས་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་ཅིག་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁོང་ཚུ་གི་གནམ་བྱཱར་གྱི་བཞེས་སྒོའི་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་ཚུ་ རྩྭ་ཆག་སྤྱིར་བཏང་ཟ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ དམིགས་བསལ་ཧོན་ལྡུམ་ཚུ་ཟཝ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ག་ནང་ འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་ ༡༠༠ ལྷག་ཙམ་ཡོད་ཟེར་ཨིན་མས། སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ཚུ་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་ལ་ཁ་མཐོ་སར་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་སངས་རྒྱས་སྒང་སེམས་ཅན་གླིང་ག་ནང མཐོངམ་ཨིན། སེམས་ཅན་འདི་གི་འདོད་སྤྱོད་གྱི་དུས་ཚོད་འདི་ གནམ་བྱཱར་ལུ་འབདཝ་ལས་ མངལ་ནང་ལུ་ བུ་སོན་རྒྱས་པའི་དུས་ཚོད་འདི་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༢ པ་དང་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་བར་ན་ སྐྱེ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཕྱུ་གུ་འདི་ཚུ་ ཚོད་གཞི་གནགཔོ་སྦེ་ཡོད་རུང་ ལོ་ན་ཚོད་སྨིན་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་ གསེར་མདོག་དང་རྒྱ་སྨུག་སྦེ་ཡོད། སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ཚུ་ རྩ་མེད་འགྱོ་ནི་ཨིན་པའི་ཉེན་ཅན་གྱི་གྲངས་སུ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཅན་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སེམས་ཅན་འདི་གསད་ནི་འདི་ ཁྲིམས་ལས་འགལ་བ་ཨིན། ནང་པའི་གསོ་བ་རིག་པ་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་གི་རྭཝ་འདི་ སྨན་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཤད་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཨ་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནི་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགསཔ་ཨིན་པས། སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ཚུ་ལུ་ཉེན་ཁ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ར་ གཡག་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་རྩྭ་ཚུ་ དོ་འགྲན་སྦེ་ཟ་དགོ་ནི་འདི་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wangchuk, T., Wegge, P., &amp; Sangay, T. (2015). Habitat and diet of Bhutan Takin Budorcas taxicolor whitei during summer in Jigme Dorji National Park, Bhutan [Review of Habitat and diet of Bhutan takin Budorcas taxicolor whitei during summer in Jigme Dorji National Park, Bhutan]. Journal of Natural History. # https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.1079658
# Wanghcuk, L. (2008).  Facts about Bhutan. Thimphu, Absolute Bhutan Books.</text>
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      <text bytes="7313" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ཙནྡན་ཤིང་འདི་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ཤིང་ཨིན། ཤིང་འདི་ལུ་གཞན་ཡང་ འབྲུག་གི་ཙནྡན་ཤིང་ཡང་ན་ ཧི་མཱ་ལ་ཡ་གི་ཙནྡན་ཤིང་ཟེར་ཡང་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་སྔོན་དང་ཕུ་ བོད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ལྷོ་མོན་ཙནྡན་ལྗོངས་ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ཙནྡན་ཤིང་འདི་བྱིན་ཅན་ཅིག་སྦེ་བརྩི་འཇོག་འབདཝ་ལས་ གུས་བཀུར་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ཙནྡན་ཤིང་མང་ཤོས་ར་ གཏམ་རྒྱུད་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོད་མི་ཙང་ཙ་ར་ཨིནམ་ལས་ འདི་ཚུའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ལེ་ཤ་བཤད་ནི་ཡོད། ཤིང་འདི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ཤིང་ཨིན་པའི་གུར་ གཞན་ཡང་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་འདྲེས་བའི་ཡིད་ཆེས་བསྐྱེད་སའི་ཡུལ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་ཙནྡན་ཤིང་གསུམ་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ གཅིག་དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་སྦས་ཡུལ་གླང་བྲག་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གཅིག་ཐིམ་ཕུག་སྤང་རི་ཟམ་པ་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ གཅིག་འདི་བུམ་ཐང་སྐུར་རྗེས་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ ཤིང་ཆེན་འདི་ཚུ་ག་ར་ དུས་རབས་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༡༦ ལོར་ དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐྱབས་མགོན་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་རྣམ་གཉིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་འབྱོན་པའི་སྐབས་ ཕྱག་འཁར་སྦེ་བསྣམས་བྱོན་པའི་འཁརཝ་ལས་ ཞལ་ལག་རྒྱས་ཏེ་སྐྱེས་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཤད་སྲོལ་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;
ཤིང་འདི་སའི་ཆགས་ཚུལ་རྩུབ་དྲགས་དང་རང་རོང་ཚུ་ནང་ སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་དང་ཕྲང་ཏང་ཏ་སྦེ་སྐྱེས་མི་འདི་ མཉམ་ཆུང་དང་དྲང་བདེན་ དེ་ལས་སྙིང་སྟོབས་ཅན་གྱི་ཚུལ་སྟོན་པའི་དོན་ཨིན་པས། ཙནྡན་ཤིང་འདི་མང་ཤོས་ར་ས་ཆའི་མཛེས་རྒྱན་དང་ལྷག་པར་དུ་ དྲི་ཞིམ་པའི་བསང་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ རྫོང་གཞི་དང་ལྷ་ཁང་ དེ་ལས་བྱིན་རླབས་ཅན་གྱི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་བཙུགས་སྲོལ་ཡོད། ཙནྡན་ཤིང་འདི་ཚུ་ ཧི་མཱ་ལ་ཡའི་ལུང་གཤོང་ནང་མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཀྲར་ ༡༨༠༠-༣༥༠༠ གི་བར་ན་སྐྱེཝ་མ་ཚད་ ཤིང་འདི་ལུ་ ཉི་དྲོད་འབོར་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ཚ་དྲོད་དང་ཆར་ཆུ་ལྡན་པའི་ནགས་ཚལ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་སྐྱེས་བཏུབ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཙནྡན་ཤིང་འདི་བྱཱར་ཧོན་དགུན་ཧོན་གྱི་ཤིང་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ མཐོ་ཤོས་ར་མི་ཊར་ ༤༥ གི་རྩིས་རིངམོ་འགྱོཝ་མ་ཚད་ ཤིང་སྡོང་གི་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་སྦོམ་ཚད་ སེན་ཊི་མི་ཊར་ ༩༠ དེམ་ཅིག་ལུ་རྒྱསཔ་ཨིན། ཤིང་གྱི་རྩེ་མོའི་དབྱིབས་ཡང་ ཀོང་དབྱིབས་ཅན་སྦེ་འོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཤིང་འདི་གི་པགས་ཀོ་གི་ཚོས་གཞི་རྒྱ་སྨུག་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ སྲ་ཀྲག་འབད་ཞིན་ན་་ཐུར་ཐིག་གི་རྣམ་པ་སྦེ་བཤུབ་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན། ཤིང་འདི་གི་ཞལ་ལག་ཚུ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ ཕྱ་སི་སི་དང་ཆུང་ཀུ་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་གུར་ རྟས་ལྕག་གི་སྤྱི་ཏོག་བཟུམ་འོངམ་ཨིན། ཙནྡན་ཤིང་གི་ཀོང་ཙེ་རྡོག་མ་ཚུ་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢-༣ པའི་བར་ན་ཐོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༥-༦ བར་ན་ སོན་ཚུ་ཚོཔ་ཨིན། ཙནྡན་གྱི་ཤིང་ཞྭའདི་ཁ་དོག་སྐྱ་སེར་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ས་ཀྲག་ཀྲ་དང་ཚེ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཙནྡན་ཤིང་གི་ཤིང་ཆས་ཚུ་ དྲིམ་ཞིམ་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ཁྲ་རིས་ཕྲང་ཏང་ཏ་ཡོད་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཤིང་འདི་གི་ར་ཏོ་ལས་བཏོན་པའི་ སྣུམ་འདི་གིས་སྨན་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་འབད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རྨ་གཉན་རྒྱས་མི་དང་རྨ་ཚུ་སྨན་བཅོས་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (UWICER, 2018)

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# UWICER. (2018). Historically Significant Trees of Bhutan. Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research. Retrieved from http://www.uwice.gov.bt/admin_uwice/publications/publication_files/Reports/2018/Historically_Significant_Tree.pdf</text>
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    <title>སྤ་རོ་རིན་སྤུང་རྫོང་།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-03-30T09:37:44Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཤར་ནུབ་དབུས་གསུམ་ལས་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་འབྲུག་རིན་ཆེན་སྤུང་འཛོམས་འདི་དུས་རབས་ ༡༥ པའི་ནང་ དེ་ཁར་སྡོད་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ག...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6729" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཤར་ནུབ་དབུས་གསུམ་ལས་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་འབྲུག་རིན་ཆེན་སྤུང་འཛོམས་འདི་དུས་རབས་ ༡༥ པའི་ནང་ དེ་ཁར་སྡོད་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ བླམ་ཕ་ཇོའི་བརྒྱུད་པ་ བླ་མ་དྲུང་དྲུང་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ལུ་བྱག་གཟར་ཅིག་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ཕུལ་ནུག། ཕ་དྲུང་དྲུང་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་འདི་ཁར་ ལྷ་ཁང་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་བཞེངས་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འགྲོས་ཀྱིས་སྦེ་ རྫོང་ཐོག་ཚད་ ༥ འབད་མི་ཅིག་བཞེངས་ནུག། དུས་རབས་ ༡༧ བའི་ནང་དྲུང་དྲུང་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གི་བརྒྱུད་པ་ ཧཱུཾ་རལ་དཔོན་གྱིས་ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ལུ་ ཁོང་ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དབུ་བཙུགས་གནང་མི་ལུ་ ངོས་ལེན་པའི་ཚུལ་ལུ་སྦེ་འཕུལ་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་སྐྱབས་མགོན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤ་རོ་འདི་བོད་དང་ས་མཚམས་མཐུད་དེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ བོད་ཀྱི་ཐག་ཉེ་ཤོས་ཡང་ཨིནམ་ལས་ བོད་ལས་བཙན་འཛུལ་འབད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་གནོད་པ་བཀལ་སའི་དམིགས་གཏད་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་འོང་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དགྲ་འདི་ཚུ་ཟློག་ཐབས་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ས་གནས་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་ཅིག་དགོཔ་ངེས་བདེན་ཨིནམ་དགོངས་འཆར་གཟིགས་ནུག། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༤༤ ལོར་ སྔར་ཡོད་པའི་རྫོང་འདི་རྩ་བ་ལས་བཤུབ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རྫོང་གསརཔ་གི་གཞི་འགྱམ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༤༦ ལོར་ རྫོང་གསར་བཞེངས་ཀྱི་ལཱཡོངས་རྫོགས་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ འབྲུག་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་སའི་ལྟེ་བ་ཅིག་ལུ་བཟོ་གནང་སྟེ་ མིང་ཡང་འབྲུག་རིན་ཆེན་ནོར་བུ་སྤུངས་རྫོང་ཟེར་དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Phuntsho, 2013, pp. 253–254)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;རྫོང་འདི་རྗེ་མཁན་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ རབ་སྡེའི་བླམ་གནས་བརྟན་གྱིས་དབུ་གཙོས་པའི་འཕགས་པ་དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་པ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཚུའི་གཏན་ཀྱང་གི་བཞུགས་གནས་ཡང་ཨིན། རྫོང་འདི་ནང་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་ཆོས་ཁང་ ༡༤ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཚུ་གཤམ་གསལ་བཀོད་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;
ཀུན་དགའ་ར་བ།&lt;br&gt;
དགེ་སློང་ཚུའི་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཁང་།&lt;br&gt;
ཙན་དན་ཤིང་གི་མཆོད་རྟེན།&lt;br&gt;
སྲུང་མའི་ལྷ་ཁང་།&lt;br&gt;
གུ་རུ་མཚན་རྒྱད་ལྷ་ཁང་།&lt;br&gt;
བླམ་གནས་བརྟན་གྱི་ལྷ་ཁང་།&lt;br&gt;
ཚེ་དཔག་མེད་ཀྱི་ལྷ་ཁང་།&lt;br&gt;
གསལ་བའི་རྡོ་ཤེལ་ལྷ་ཁང་།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ཀྱི་ལྷ་ཁང་།&lt;br&gt;
མཁན་པོའི་གཟིམ་ཅུང་།&lt;br&gt;
མི་བསྐྱོད་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་།&lt;br&gt;
གཏེར་སྟོན་ལྷ་ཁང་།&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་པོའི་གཟིམ་ཅུང་།&lt;br&gt;
བུར་སར་ལྷ་ཁང་།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་གི་ཕྱི་ཁ་ལུ་དགྲ་དབྱངས་ཁ་ལྷ་ཁང་ཟེར་མི་ཅིག་ཡང་ཡོད། རྫོང་འདི་གི་ལྟག་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༤༩ ལུ་བཞེངས་པའི་ བལྟ་རྫོང་ཐོག་ཚད་ ༧ འབད་མི་ཅིག་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨ ལུ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འགྲེམས་སྟོན་ཁང་སྦེ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཡོད། རྫོང་འདི་གི་འོག་ལུ་ སྔར་སྲོལ་གྱི་བཟོ་བཀོད་ཐོག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་བ་ཟམ་ཡང་ཡོད། རྫོང་གཞིས་འདི་ཁར་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་སྤ་རོ་ཚེས་བཅུ་འདི་ ལོ་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་རང་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལུ་གནང་སྲོལ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། 
&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# History of Bhutan 15th to 19th Century. (n.d.).  Course Book for Class VII (4th ed.). Royal Education Council. (Original work published 1990)
‌# Phuntsho, K. (2013). The History of Bhutan (pp. 253–254). Random House India.
‌# Dzongs: The centre of temporal and religious authorities (Punakha Dzong, Wangdue Phodrang Dzong, Paro Dzong, Trongsa Dzong and Dagana Dzong). (2012).  UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved from https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5695/</text>
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      <text bytes="10187" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་པའི་རྫོང་ཚུ་ ནང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་བསྟན་པ་དར་སའི་ཡུལ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཚུ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ ནང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་ཆོས་ལུགས་ཚུ་ཁྱབ་སྤེལ་འབད་ནི་དང་ ཡང་ཅིན་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་གཅིག་གི་དབང་ཚད་སྤེལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་རྐྱབ་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་རྫོང་ཚུ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ནང་རིན་ཐང་ཆེ་བའི་ནང་རྟེན་འགངས་ཅན་རིགས་ཚུ་དང་ དྲག་པོའི་གོ་མཚོན་ཚུ་བཞག་སའི་མཛོད་ཁང་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན། འདས་པའི་ལོ་ངོ་ ༣༠༠ གི་རིང་ལུ་ རྫོང་ཚུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་བཙན་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱུ་མཚན་དེ་གིས་སྦེ་ རྫོང་ཚུ་རི་དང་སྒང་ ག་ནི་བ་མཐོང་གསལ་ཆེ་བའི་ལུང་གཤོང་གི་སྟོད་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་བཞེངས་ཏེ་འདུག། དེ་ཚུ་ཕྱིའི་དགྲ་བྱང་ཕྱད་ཚུ་ལས་ཉེན་སྲུང་གི་དོན་ལུ་ བལྟ་རྫོང་ཟེར་མི་ཚུ་ མ་རྫོང་འདི་ལས་དུམ་གྲ་ཅིག་ མཐོ་དྲགས་ཡོད་པའི་སྒང་གུ་ལུ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཕྱིའི་དགྲའི་འཇིགས་པ་འབྱུང་བའི་སྐབས་ འཐུང་ཆུའི་དབོག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཆུ་རྫོང་ཟེར་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ལོགས་སུ་སྦེ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་མཐོང་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་གཞིས་དེ་ཚུ་ད་རེས་ ཆོས་དང་སྲིད་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ སྐྱོང་སའི་ལྟེ་བ་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་འཁྲིལ་པ་ཅིན་ བོད་ལས་གསར་རྙིང་རིས་སུ་མ་ཕྱིས་པའི་བླམ་དང་སློབ་དཔོན་ཚུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ རྫོང་གཞིས་ཚུ་བཞེངས་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་བཤད་སྲོལ་འདུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༡༦ ལུ་ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ལྗོངས་འདི་ནང་ཕྱག་ཕེབས་ནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་བསྒྱུར་མཛད་གནང་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ས་གནས་ཐདམ་འཐད་ཁར་ལས་ཕར་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་དང་ལུང་ཕྲན་ག་ར་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་བསྡུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྫོང་བཞེངས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། རྫོང་ཚུ་གི་ཆགས་རབས་ཚུ་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་འཁྲིལ་པ་ཅིན་ ཧེ་མའི་ལུང་བསྟན་དང་བླམ་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་གིས་ཐུགས་སྨོན་ལས་འབྱུང་བའི་གཏམ་ཡ་མཚན་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོག་ ཙང་ཙ་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ བཞེངས་མི་རྫོང་གཞིས་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་   དང་པ་འདི་ རབ་བཱུང་ ༡༡ པ་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༢༩ ལུ་བཞེངས་མི་སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་རྫོང་འདི་ཨིན། འདི་གི་བཟོ་རྣམས་ཡང་ ཀུན་མཁྱེན་པད་མ་དཀར་པོ་གིས་བོད་གཙང་ལུ་གསང་སྔགས་ཀྱི་གྲྭ་ཚང་ རྒྱལ་རྗེ་མཚལ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ལས་ དཔེ་བླངས་ཏེ་ རྫོང་ལུ་ཟུར་ ༡༢ ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཞེངས་ནུག།  རྫོང་འདི་བཞེངས་དགོ་པའི་ཁུངས་ཡང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐིམ་ཕུག་གི་ལུང་གཤོང་ནང་བདུད་སྲིན་གདུག་པ་ཅན་ཚུ་དམ་ལུ་བཏགས་པའི་བསྒང་ བདུད་གཅིག་གིས་ད་ལྟོ་རྫོང་ཡོད་སའི་ས་གནས་ནང་ རྡོ་སྦོམ་ཡོད་མི་གཅིག་ནང་ཐིམ་སོངམ་ལས་ རྡོ་འདི་གུར་རྫོང་འདི་བཞེངས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ མིང་ཡང་སྲིན་མོ་རྡོ་ཁ་ཟེར་བཏགས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་འདི་བཞེངས་སྡོད་པའི་བར་ན་ལུ་ བླམ་ཁག་ལྔ་གི་དམག་འོངས་ཏེ་ རྫོང་བཞེངས་ནི་ལས་བར་ཆད་རྐྱབ་རུང་ བླམ་ཁག་ལྔ་གིས་ཞབས་དྲུང་ལུ་གླགས་ཁེལ་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ རྫོང་འདི་ལོ་ངོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་བསྒྲུབས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་རྫོང་གི་མིང་ཡང་ གསང་སྔགས་ཟབ་དོན་ཕོ་བྲང་ཟེར་བཏགས་ནུག། ཤུལ་ལས་བོད་ལས་དམག་ཐེངས་ལེ་ཤ་འོང་པའི་སྐབས་ རྫོང་ལུ་ཉམས་ཆགས་ཞུགས་ཏེ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་མི་འགྱུར་བསྟན་པའི་སྐབས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༧༡ ལུ་རྫོང་ཉམས་སུ་མཛད་དེ་ སྔར་ག་ཨིན་པའི་གཟིད་བརྗིད་ཅན་ལུ་བཟོ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྫོང་འདི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་རྙིང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁ་རྫོང་འདི་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལས་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར ༣.༡ དེམ་ཅིག་གི་ས་གནས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཡོད། དེ་ཡང་འབྲུག་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་དང་རྡོ་ཀྱོང་ལ་ཧོངས་མར་འགྱོ་སའི་ལུང་གཤོང་དང་ ཤར་ ཝང་ སྤ་གསུམ་གྱི་ས་མཚམས་གི་སྒང་ཟེ་གུར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོད། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་འདི་ལུ་འཛུལ་སྒོ་གཅིག་ལས་མེདཔ་དང་ དབུ་རྩེ་གི་ཕྱིལས་མཐའ་སྐོར་ཏེ་མ་ཎི་ལག་འཁོར་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་འདི་གི་ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་རང་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཨིནམ་དང་ གྱང་གུར་ཡུན་རིངམོ་སོང་བའི་སྡེབས་རིས་་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དེ་ཚུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་རི་མོ་ རྙིང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཤད་སྲོལ་ཡོད། འདི་ཁར་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་བཀའ་སྲུང་གཙོ་བོ་དཔལ་ཡེ་ཤེས་མགོན་པོ་དང་ དུད་གསོལ་ལྷ་མོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མགོན་ཁང་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (Phuntsho, 2013) དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྫོང་འདི་ནང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་རིམ་བྱོན་དང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་རིམ་བྱོན་ཚུ་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་དང་པའི་ཡབ་མི་རྗེ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཡང་ བཞུགས་པའི་རྫོང་རྩ་ཅན་ཅིག་མས།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# History of Bhutan 15th to 19th Century. (n.d.).  Course Book for Class VII (4th ed.). Royal Education Council. (Original work published 1990)
# Phuntsho, K. (2013). The History of Bhutan (pp. 239–240). Random House India.‌
# (2012). Dzongs: the centre of temporal and religious authorities (Punakha Dzong, Wangdue Phodrang Dzong, Paro Dzong, Trongsa Dzong and Dagana Dzong) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved from https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5695/</text>
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      <text bytes="12850" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ལྕགས་རི་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་ཟེར་བའི་གནས་ཆེན་འདི་ ས་གནས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཁྲོམ་གྱི་ཉེ་འདབས་ལུ་ ཕྱི་གངས་རི་གིས་སྐོར་ ནང་ཤིང་དང་མེ་ཏོག་གིས་བརྒྱན་ཏེ་ འབྱུང་བ་བཞིའི་འབྲས་བུ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་སྦུག་ལུ་ ས་གནས་ག་ནི་བ་ཉམས་དགའ་བའི་ཁར་ མཛེས་པའི་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཀྱིས་བསྐོར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་་ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་མཆོག་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༣ པའི་ནང་ རྩ་བའི་བླ་མའི་ལུང་བསྟན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་འབྲུག་ལུ་བྱོནམ་ད་ མཁའ་འགྲོ་བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་སྒྲོན་བཙུནམོ་སྦེ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ ལུང་བསྟན་སའི་ས་གནས་རྡོ་གདན་ནང་ལུ་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་ཏེ་ བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་འགོ་ཐོག་ ས་གནས་འདི་ཁ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག།  གནས་ཀྱི་མིང་ལྕགས་རི་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་ཟེར་ཞུ་དགོ་པའི་ཁུངས་འདི་ཡང དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་གདན་ས་དང་པ་བཅགས་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ གནས་འདིའི་རི་འདི་ག་ཅི་གི་ཐད་ལས་འབད་རུང་ལྕགས་ཀྱི་རང་བཞིན་དང་དབྱེ་བ་མེད་པར་ འགྱུར་བ་མེད་པའི་འཛམ་གླིང་ས་ཡི་ལྟེ་བ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་དང་ཁྱད་པར་མེད་པར་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་གནངམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ས་གནས་ཀྱི་མིང་ཡང་ལྕགས་རི་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་པས། ལྕགས་རི་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན། (༢༠༡༢ ཤོགས་གྲངས་ ༡)&lt;br&gt;
དུས་རབས་ ༡༣ པའི་ནང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་གདན་ས་དང་པ་བཅགས་གནང་བའི་ཁར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དགེ་འདུན་གྱི་སྡེ་འགོ་དང་པ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག།  དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ལོ་གསུམ་ཕྱོགས་གསུམ་གྱི་སྒྲུབ་པ་དང་ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོའི་རྟོགས་པ་མངོན་དུ་འགྱུར་ས་ཡང་ས་གནས་དེ་ཁར་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ལུགས་གཉིས་བསྟན་པའི་ཕྱག་འགན་བཞེས་ནིའི་ཐུགས་ཐག་ཡང་དེ་ཁར་བཅད་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ས་གནས་འདི་ རྒྱལ་རབས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ལུ་སྐྱབས་རྗེ་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༦༨ པ་རྗེ་བཙུན་བསྟན་འཛིན་དོན་གྲུབ་མཆོག་དང་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་སྒྲུབ་སྡེའི་ལྟེ་བ་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནངམ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་དང་གཞན་མི་མཁས་སྒྲུབ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ས་གནས་དེ་ཁར་ལས་ཐུགས་དམ་གྲོལ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ནང་པའི་མཐོ་རིམ་བཤད་གྲྭ་ལས་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་མིའི་བུ་སློབ་ག་ར་ དུས་རྒྱུན་དུ་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ལུགས་ཀྱི་བསྐྱེད་རིམ་དང་རྫོགས་རིམ་གྱི་རིམ་པ་ཚུ་སྦྱངས་ཏེ་ ལོ་གསུམ་ཕྱོགས་གསུམ་བཅད་གནང་སའི་ས་གནས་བྱིན་རླབས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
'''གནས་འདི་ཚུ་ཡང།''' 
དང་པ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལས་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༡༩ གི་ས་ཁར་ རྡོ་གདན་ལྷ་ཁང་ཟེར་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༣ པའི་ནང་ ལུང་བསྟན་དུས་ལུ་བབས་ཏེ་ ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་དང་མཁའ་འགྲོ་བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་སྒྲོན་གཉིས་མཇལ་འཕྲད་གནང་ས་དང་། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རིང་ལུགས་འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་འགོ་དང་པ་ས་གནས་འདི་ཁ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་སཅིག་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
གཉིས་པ་ གཞུང་ལམ་གྱི་གཡོན་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་མཆོད་རྟེན་རྐང་གཉིསམ་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༨ པའི་ནང་ ཕ་ཇོའི་ཡང་སྲིད་རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བཅུ་པ་བསྟན་འཛིན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ ཁོ་རའི་རྩ་བའི་བླམ་གི་དགོངས་རྫོགས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ སྟོན་པ་མི་གཟུགས་གང་འབད་མི་གང་མང་ཅིག་དང། མི་འཁྲུགས་པའི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར། དེ་ལས་ལྡེབས་རིས་ཚུ་གིས་བརྒྱན་པའི་ནང་རྟེན་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་བཙུགས་ཏེ་བཞེངས་གནང་ཡོད་མི་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།
གསུམ་པ་ རྡོ་གདན་ཟམ་ཟེར་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ཕ་ཇོ་གི་སྲས་བདུན་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་བདུད་ཀྱི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ཨིནམ་མཁྱེན་ཏེ་ མཁའ་འགྲོ་གིས་མ་མཁྱེནམ་སྦེ་སྲས་ཚུ་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་སྐྱེ་བུ་ཨིན་པ་ཅིན་ སངས་རྒྱས་སྣང་བ་མཐའ་ཡས་ཀྱི་ཞིང་ཁམས་ནང་སྐྱེ་ནི་དང། བདུད་ཀྱི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ཨིན་པ་ཅིན་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་བཀའ་སྲུང་གི་ཕྱག་ལུ་བཞེས་ཅིག་ཟེར་ ཆུ་ནང་བཀོ་གཏང་སའི་ཟམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། ཆོས་འབྱུང་བློ་གསར་རྣ་བའི་རྒྱན། (༢༠༡༧ ཤོགས་གྲངས་ ༡༠༧)&lt;br&gt;
བཞི་པ་ ཆུ་བར་ཕོ་བྲང་ཟེར་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ཟམ་བརྒལ་འགྱོཝ་ད་ ཆུའི་ཕར་ཁར་མཇལ་ཚུགས། དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་གིས་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་སྒོ་ལྔ་འབད་མི་ཅིག་བཞེངས་པའི་ཁར་ སྒྲུབ་ཁང་ ༢༡ བཞེངས་ཏེ་སྒྲུབ་སྡེ་འགོ་དང་པ་བཙུགས་གནང་སའི་ས་གནས་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
ལྔ་པ་ བདུད་འདུལ་མཆོད་རྟེན་ཟེར་ལམ་གྱི་སྦུག་ལུ་ར་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་བསྟན་པའི་བར་རྐྱེན་བཟློག་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དྲུག་པ་ ལྕགས་རི་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་གྱི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་འདི་ ཉམས་དགའ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གཞུང་དང་རིག་གནས་ལེ་ཤ་ར་ལྷབ་སྦྱང་འབད་ས་ཅིག་ཨིན། གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༧ པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༢༠ རང་ལུགས་གནམ་ལོ་ལྕགས་སྤྲེལ་ཟླཝ་ ༥ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༡ ལུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ ལོ་ངོ་ཕྱེད་དང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་སྟེ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རབ་གནས་ཡང་ཞབས་དྲུང་ཁོ་ར་གིས་ར་མཛད་གནང་པའི་ཁར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱང་ས་འགོ་དང་པ་སྦེ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོད་མི་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་འདི་ ཕྱི་ལྟར་དུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཡབ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་གི་སྐུ་གདུང་བཞུགས་ས་དང། ནང་ལྟར་དུ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གི་ལུང་བསྟན་དང་ རང་བྱུང་ཁ་སརྤ་ཎིའི་་ལུང་བསྟན་གྱི་བརྟག་པ་ལན་ཐེངས་གསུམ་ར་ཞུ་རུང་ དེ་ཁར་བབས་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་རྩ་ཅན་གྱི་གནས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་ཐོག་གོང་མའི་ནང་ ཡབ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མའི་གདུང་རྟེན་མཆོད་རྟེན་དང། རྟེན་རྩ་ཅན་གཞན་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྕགས་རི་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་གྱི་གནས་དེ་ཁར་ གནས་གཞན་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་ར་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ལྟ་བཤལཔ་ལེ་ཤ་སྦེ་འོང་སའི་གནས་ཆེན་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་མི་བསོད་ནམས་ཅན་ག་ར་གི་ཚོགས་བསག་སའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་ཅིག་དང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་བསྟན་པའི་སྲོག་ཤིང་་ཅིག་སྦེ་བརྩིཝ་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# སྐྱབས་རྗེ་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༦༩ པ་དགེ་འདུན་རིན་ཆེན། (༢༠༡༧) ལྷོ་འབྲུག་ཆོས་འབྱུང་བློ་གསར་རྣ་བའི་རྒྱན།
# ལྕགས་རི་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན། (༡༠༡༢)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>རྡོག་མ་པ་ནེ་དང་ཤིང་འབྲས་ཀྱི་ཁུངས་དང་གོ་རིམ།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-03-30T09:51:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་བའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ བཟང་པོའི་བྱ་བ་ཆེ་ཆུང་ ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ཅ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="8773" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་བའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ བཟང་པོའི་བྱ་བ་ཆེ་ཆུང་ ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ར་བརྩམས་རུང་ དང་པ་ར གཟའ་སྐར་འཕྲོད་སྦྱོར་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བརྩིས་བ་ཅིན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ བརྩམས་པའི་བྱ་བ་ཐམས་ཅད་ བར་ཆད་མེད་པར་ལེགས༌ཤོམ༌སྦེ༌འགྲུབ༌ཚུགསཔ༌ལས༌ དང་པ་སྒོ་འབྱེད་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་བཞུགས་གྲལ་གྱིས་མདུན་བསུ༌དགོ༌པའི་ཁུངས༌ཡང༌དེ༌སྦེ༌ཨིན༌མས།&lt;br&gt;
བཞུགས་གྲལ་ལུ་ཡང་ རྒྱས་འབྲིང་བསྡུས་གསུམ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བཞུགས་གྲལ་རྒྱས་པ་ལུ་ འགོ་གྲོ་མ་དྲི་བཟང་གིས་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ འཇུག་སྟར་གོ་བརྩིས་ཏེ་ ལྷམ་པ་ཉེར་གཅིག་དགོ་ནི་དང་། འབྲིང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ གྲོ་མ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལྷམ་པ་བཅོ་ལྔ་དང་། བསྡུས་པ་ལུ་ལྷམ་པ་བཅུ་གཅིག་དགོཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྡོག་མ་པ་ནེ་འདི་ངོ་མ་ར་ ཧེ་མ་མོན་བུམ་ཐང་པའི་ཡུལ་འདི་ནང་མི་མ་ཡིན་པའི་འདྲེ་སྲིན་གདུག་ཅན་ཚུ་གིས་ མི་གི་ཤ་དངོས་སུ་སྦེ་ཟ་བའི་སྐབས་ སངས་རྒྱས་གཉིས་པ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་བུམ་ཐང་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ འདྲེ་སྲིན་གྱི་ཚོགས་བཏུལ་ཏེ་དམ་ལུ་བཏགས་གནང་ནུག། ཤ་དང་པགས་ཀོ་གི་ཚབ་རྡོག་མ་པ་ནི་ཟ་བཅུག་སྟེ་འདྲེ་སྲིན་ག་ར་དམ་ལུ་བཏགས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་དང་རྒྱ་གྷ་ཊི་ཁའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་གཉིས་ སྤུངས་ཐང་རྫོང་གསར་བཞེངས་ཀྱི་དགའ་སྟོན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་སྐབས་ རྡོག་མ་པ་ནེའི་འབུལ་བ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཆེ་བ་ལུ་དགོངས་ཏེ་ བཞུགས་གྲལ་ཟེར་ཤིང་འབྲས་ཀྱི་ཧེ་མ་ར་རྡོག་མ་འདི་དྲངམ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་བླ་མ་རྣམས་དང་སྐུ་མགྲོན་ཚུ་ལུ་མཆོད་པ་མཚོན་བྱེད་བཞུགས་གྲལ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་ཟས་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ བདག་གཞན་སེམས་ཅན་ག་ར་ཚོགས་བསགས་ཏེ་ གནས་སྐབས་ལྷ་དང་མིའི་འབྱོར་པ་ལོངས་སུ་སྤྱོད་ནི་དང་ མཐར་ཐུག་ངེས་པར་ལེགས་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང་འཐོབ་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཆེ་བ་ལུ་བཟའ་འཐུང་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རིགས་དྲངམ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; [[File:Doma_paney.png|thumb | '''རྡོག་མ་པ་ནེ།''']]
&lt;big&gt;ཤིང་འབྲས་ཀྱི་ཐད་ཁར་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ མི་དབང་མངའ་ཞབས་མཆོག་ཁྲི་མངའ་སྲོལ་བའི་སྐབས། རྗེ་མཁན་མཆོག་དང་གཞུང་གཡོགཔ་ཚུ་ལུ་གོ་གནས་གནང་བའི་སྐབས། གསོལ་ཐབས་དང་ཚོགས་འཛོམས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བྱ་བ་ཆེ་ཆུང་ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་བརྩམས་རུང་ ཐ་དམ་ཚིག་གི་སྒོ་ལས་དང་པ་ར་ངང་ལག་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་དྲངམ་ཨིན། ལོ་གསར་གྱི་སྐབས་ ཤིང་འབྲས་ཧུམ་པ་དྲངམ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ འབྲས་བུ་ཤིང་གི་རྩེ་ལས་བཏགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ལོ་འདབ་དེ་ཚུ་ གནམ་གཤིས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་ག་དེ་ཅིག་གྱུར་འགྱོ་རུང་དུས་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ཧོནམ་སྦེ་སྡོད་པའི་ཁར། དྲི་ཞིམ་པ་ རོ་མངར་བ་ ཞལ་ལག་གིས་འབག་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཤིང་འབྲས་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལོ་གསརཔ་ཚེས་པའི་ཉིནམ་འདི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བྱ་བ་ག་ཅི་ར་བརྩམས་རུང་འབྲས་བུ་ཧུམ་པ་བཟུམ་སྨིན་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ དང་པ་ཧུམ་པ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་དྲངམ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Lemon1.png|thumb | '''ཚལ་ལུ་དྲངམ།''']]
&lt;big&gt;གཉེན་སྦྱོར་གྱི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལུ་ཤིང་འབྲས་འགོ་དང་པ་ ཚལ་ལུ་དྲངམ་ཨིན། ཚལ་ལུ་འདི་ ཕྱི་པགས་ཀོ་ག་ནི་བ་མཛེས་པའི་ཁར་ མིག་ཁར་མཛེས་པའི་པགས་ཀོ་གཅིག་གི་ནང་ན་ཤག་མ་ལེ་ཤ་གཅིག་ཁར་སྤུངས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བཟའ་ཚང་ནང་ལུ་ཕ་དང་བུ་གཞི་བདེ་སྐྱིད་དང་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་ཏེ་ ཐ་དམ་ཚིག་སྤང་ལུ་བཙུགས་ བློ་གཏད་དང་ཡིད་ཆེས་སེམས་ལུ་ངེག་སྟེ་གཅིག་ཁར་འཛོམས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལས་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ཤིང་འབྲས་གཞན་མི་ཚུ་ གནམ་བྱཱར་དགུན་མེད་པར་འདབ་མ་ཧོ་རུ་རུ་སྦེ་བཏག་མི་ རྡོག་མ་ཤིང་གི་རྩེ་ལུ་བཏགས་མི་ཚུ་ཧེ་མ་དྲང་ནི་དང། རྡོག་མ་ཤིང་གི་སྐེད་པར་བཏགས་མི་ཚུ་ཤུལ་ལས་སྦེ་དྲང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ མཇུག་ར་ སྟར་གོ་དང་ཕྱུར་གོ་དྲངས་ཏེ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཕབ་ནི་དང་འདྲན་འདྲ་བཞུགས་གྲལ་དྲང་ནི་ཡང་མཇུག་བསྡུཝ་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན། (༡༩༩༩) སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་གི་དེབ་ཐེར་ནོར་བུའི་འཕྲེང་བ།</text>
      <sha1>so8teu2ke06fhi4ehgvokqt2yiwawz9</sha1>
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    <title>འབྲུ་སྣ་དགུ།</title>
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      <id>28994</id>
      <parentid>28993</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-03-30T09:53:35Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Rpel</username>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11304" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་ར་འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ སོ་ནམ་ཞིང་ལཱ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ནང་ འབྲུ་སྣ་དགུ་འདི་འཚོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ༡/ ཀར། ༢/ ནག ༣/ བྱཱོ། ༤/ མོན་བྱཱ། ༥/ རེད། ༦/ གེ་ཟ། ༧/ རྒྱ་རེད། ༨/ སྲནམ། ༩/ ཕྱམ་ཚུ་ཨིན། འབྲུ་སྣ་དགུཔོ་འདི་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོང་མ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་པའི་ཟས་མཆོག་གྱུར་ཅིག་ཨིན། ལུང་བསྟནདང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཟས་འདི་ཚུ་གིས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སོ་ནམ་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་ འོང་འབབ་འབོར་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་་བཟོ་ཚུགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ལུ་ཡང་ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་དེ་ཚུ་ ལོ་གཅིག་མ་ལེགས་རུང་ལོ་གཅིག་ལེགསཔ་སྦེ་འཐོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གཡུས་ཁར་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ བཟའ་འཐུང་གི་དཀའ་ངལ་ཚུ་མ་ཐོནམ་མ་ཚད་ ཁོང་གིས་སྦེ་གཞུང་ལུ་་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡང་ཕན་ཐོགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དང་པ་ཀར་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ འབྲུ་སྣ་དགུ་གི་རིགས་ལས་གཅིག་་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ དུས་དང་ཕུ་ལས་ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་གྱི་བར་ན་ཀར་འདི་ མི་ག་་ར་ལུ་་མེད་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཅིག་ཨིན། འབྲུ་སྣ་ལེ་ཤ་་ཡོད་པའི་གྲལ་་ལས་ ཀར་འདི་གིས་ཟ་ནིའི་་རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་བཟོ་བཏུབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ འཛམ་གླིང་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པའི་མི་་ཚུ་གིས་ཀར་འདི་ལུ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་དགའ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ང་བཅས་ར་འབྲུག་ལུང་པ་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཀར་འདི་ལུ་མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ མི་རྒན་ཤོས་ཚུ་གིས་དགའ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཀར་འདི་ཕྱེ་སྦེ་འཐག་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཨ་ཁམ་བཅམ་སྟེཇ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཟཝ་ཨིན། ཟ་ནིའི་རིགས་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་འཐུང་ནིའི་རིགས་ དཔེར་ན་ ཨ་རག་དང་སྦང་་ཆང་གི་རིགས་ཡང་ ཀར་འདི་གིས་བཟོ་བཏུབ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཀར་འདི་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་སར་འཚོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཀར་འདི་ ལོ་གཅིག་ནང་ཚར་གཉིས་རེ་འཚོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང ས་གནས་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ནང་ གནམ་དགུན་ལུ་བཏབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ནང་གནམ་བྱཱར་ལུ་བཏབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་ར་ས་ཞིང་ཚུ་སོན་བཏབ་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ས་རན་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཟོ་ཞིནམ་ལས་སོན་བཏབ་ཨིན། དེ་གུར་འབྱུང་བ་བཞི་གི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ཡང་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ ལོ་ཐོག་ཚུ་ཧོ་ལྗོངས་ལྗོངས་སྦེ་་སྐྱེཝ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
གཉིས་པ་ནག་ཟེར་མི་འདི་་ ཀར་དང་ཕྱདཔ་ད་ དེའི་བཟོ་རྣམ་འདི་སྦོ་རིལ་རི་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དབྱིབས་ཀྱི་ཁྱད་པར་ཅིག་མ་གཏོགས་ གཞན་མི་ག་ར་དབྱེ་བ་མེད་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནི་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གསུམ་པ་བྱཱོ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་མང་ཤོས་ར་ཕྱེ་སྦེ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཟཝ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ཕྱེ་འདི་གིས་ཁུ་ལི་དང་པུ་ཏ་ཟེར་ཟས་རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་བཟོ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བྱཱོ་འདི་ཟ་བའི་སྐབས་ཁག་དྲགས་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བྱཱོ་གི་ཤིང་འདི་ལྕུག་་ཀུ་སྦེ་སྡོདཔ་ད་ དེའི་འདབ་མ་འདི་ང་བཅས་ཀྱིས་ཚོདམ་སྦེ་ཡང་་བཟོ་ཟ་བཏུབ་ཨིན། བྱཱོ་བསྡུ་ཚར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལས་རྩྭ་འདི་ནོར་གྱི་སུག་མ་སྦེ་བྱིནམ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ཤུན་ལྤགས་ཚུ་ཡང་བྱིན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། 
བཞི་པ་རྒྱ་རེད་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ཡང་ བྱཱོ་དང་དབྱེ་བ་མེདཔ་ལས་ མ་འདྲཝ་འདི་ར་བཟོ་རྣམ་་འདི་ཨིན་པས། བྱཱོ་དང་རྒྱ་རེད་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ ཆང་གི་རིགས་ཚུ་ཡང་བཟོ་བཏུབ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
ལྔ་པ་མོན་བྱཱ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་སྐམ་ཞིང་ནང་སྐྱེ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མོན་བྱཱ་གིས་ཡང་ཆང་གི་རིགས་བཟོ་བཏུབ་ཨིན། མོན་བྱཱའི་ཤིང་གི་རིང་ཚད་དེ་ཡང་ མི་ཊར་ ༤ དང་ ༥ གི་བར་ན་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དྲུག་པ་རེད་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ད་ལྟོ་ང་བཅས་ཚུ་གིས་ དུས་ཕོག་གསུམ་ཟ་མིའི་ལྟོ་འདི་ཨིན། དེ་ལུ་ཡང་ ཆུམ་དཀརཔོ་སྦེ་ཐོན་མི་ཅིག་དང་དམརཔོ་སྦེ་ཐོན་མི་གཉིས་ཡོད། ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལུ་གཡུས་ཆུམ་དཀརཔོ་དང་དམརཔོ་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། རེད་འདི་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་སར་ཨིན་པ་ཅིན་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་འཚོ་མི་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལཱ་ཚུའི་གྲལ་ལས་ཁག་ཆེ་ཤོས་འདི་ར་ རེད་ཀྱི་ལཱ་འདི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་ཚུ་གིས་ཆུམ་དང་ལྟོ་ཚུ་ཆུད་ཟད་མ་པ་ལས་མི་གཏང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྕང་ལཱ་ཟེར་གནམ་བྱཱར་ལུ་ ཆརཔ་གིས་བརྡུངས་ཉིམ་གིས་འཚིག་སྟེ་ལཱ་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེའི་འབྲས་བུ་འདི་ གནམ་དགུན་ལུ་བྱཱ་ལཱ་ཟེར་རེད་ཚུ་བསྡུ་ཏེ་ཁྱིམ་ནང་འབག་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
བདུན་པ་གེ་ཟ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ མང་ཤོས་ར་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་འཐོནམ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་སྡོད་མི་ཚུའི་དོན་ལུ་འཚོ་བ་འདི་གཙོ་བོ་གེ་ཟ་དང་ཚལ་ལུ་ལུ་བརྟེན་དགོཔ་ལས་ གེ་ཟ་གི་ལཱ་འདི་ལོ་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་འབདཝ་ཨིན་པས། གེ་ཟ་ཁ་རང་ཟེར་ དུས་ཕོག་གསུམ་གྱི་ཟས་འདི་གེ་ཟ་ཁ་རང་ལུ་བརྟེནམ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ཆང་ཡང་འདི་གིས་བཟོཝ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
བརྒྱད་པ་སྲནམ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ས་གནས་བདེ་བ་ཐང་ལུ་འབྲུ་སྣ་དགུ་གི་ནང་ལས་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས། འདི་ལུ་ཡང་དབྱེ་བ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ར་འདུག། སྲནམ་ཟེརཝ་ད་ ང་བཅས་ཀྱིས་བཙོ་ཟ་མི་སྲནམ་འདི་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ སྲནམ་ཅུམ་གྱི་རིགས་ག་ར་འདི་ནང་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན། དེའི་ནང་ལས་ ལ་ལུ་བཙོ་ཟ་ནི་དང་ ལ་ལུ་ཚོདམ་སྦེ་བཙོ་ཟ་ནི་ལེ་ཤ་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
དགུ་པ་ཕྱམ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ མོན་བྱཱ་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ལས་ཕར་སྐྱེ་མི་ཚོས་གཞི་གནགཔོ་དང་དམརཔོ་སྦེ་་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཕྱམ་འདི་ཟས་བཅུད་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཚེ་རིང་ཕུན་ཚོགས། (༢༠༡༨) DRU-NA-GU</text>
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    <title>གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-04-01T03:08:15Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྐུ་འཆམ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ རྩ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་ཨོ་རྒྱན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ཕྱི་ལྟར་དུ་འཕགས་པ་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོའི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ བྱ་རྫིམོ་གི་བུ་སྦེ་སྐྱེ་བ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="13268" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྐུ་འཆམ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ རྩ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་ཨོ་རྒྱན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ཕྱི་ལྟར་དུ་འཕགས་པ་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོའི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ བྱ་རྫིམོ་གི་བུ་སྦེ་སྐྱེ་བ་བཞེས་ཏེ་སྤྱིར་འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁམས་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པར་ འགྲོ་བ་སེམས་ཅན་དེ་ཚུ་ ཞིང་ཁམས་ལུ་འདྲེན་ནིའི་ཐུགས་བསྐྱེད་སྨོན་ལམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་ཟེར་ སྤྲུལ་པའི་མཚན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་རྣམ་པ་སྦེ་བྱོན་མི་གར་འཆམ་འདི་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ སྙིགས་མ་ལྔའི་དུས་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་མགུ་རྨོངས་ཏེ་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་ ཐབས་མཁས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ཐར་པ་ལུ་འདྲེན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་སྤྲུལ་པའི་མཚན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་རྣམ་པ་སྦེ་བྱོན་ཏེ་འགྲོ་དོན་མཛདཔ་ཨིན་པས། གར་འཆམ་དེ་ལུ་ཡང་ བོད་ལུགས་ལྟར་དུ་གནང་བའི་འཆམ་དང འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འབྲུག་ལུགས་ལྟར་གནང་བའི་འཆམ་དང་བཅས་དབྱེ་བ་གཉིས་སྦེ་ཕྱེ་ནི་འདུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སངས་རྒྱས་གཉིས་པ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ ཕྱི་ལྟར་དུ་འཕགས་པ་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོའི་སྤྲུལ་པའི་སྐུར་བཞེངས་ཏེ་ འགྲོ་བ་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ཞིང་ཁམས་ལུ་འདྲེན་ནིའི་ཐུགས་བསྐྱེད་སྨོན་ལམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་བྱོན་བྱོནམ་དང ནང་ལྟར་དུ་ རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་སྐུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པའི་སྐབས་འཁོར་རྣམས་ལུ་ ཁྱེད་རྣམས་ངུ་བར་མ་བྱས་ཅིག། ང་ནི་མྱ་ངན་འདས་འོག་ཏུ། །ལོ་ནི་བཅུ་རུ་གཉིས་ཆད་ནས། །ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཡུལ་གྱི་ནུབ་བྱང་མཚམས། །དྷ་ན་ཀོ་ཤའི་མཚོ་གླིང་དུ། །པད་མ་གེ་སར་སྡོང་པོ་ལ། །པད་མ་བྱུང་གནས་ཞེས་བྱ་བ། །གསང་སྔགས་བསྟན་པའི་བདག་པོ་ནི། །ང་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་སྐྱེ་བུ་འབྱུང།། མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། (༢༠༡༨ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༠༦ ) ཟེར་གསུང་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ཆགས་བྲལ་ཐུབ་པའི་དབང་པོ་ གསང་ཆེན་སྟོན་པའི་སྐུར་བཞེངས་ཏེ་བྱོན་ནུག།
&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Guru_tshengey.png|thumb | '''གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད།''']]
&lt;big&gt;དང་པ། ་གུ་རུ་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཟེར་ཞུ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་སྐུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པའི་ཞལ་ཆེམས་ལྟར་དུ་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་གྱི་ཡུལ་དྷ་ན་ཀོ་ཤའི་མཚོ་གླིང་དུ་ མེ་ཏོག་པད་མའི་སྡོང་པོ་ལས་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་པོ་ཨིན་དྲ་བྷུ་ཏི་གི་སྲས་སྦེ་་སྤྱན་དྲངས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མཚན་ཡང་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
གཉིས་པ། གུ་རུ་པད་མ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཟེར་ཞུ་དོག་མི་འདི་ ལོག་སྟེ་་ཨོ་རྒྱན་་ཡུལ་་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་སྐབས་ བདུད་དེ་ཚུ་གིས་གུ་རུའི་ཡབ་ཡུམ་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་གཅིག་ཁར་སྦེ་གསོན་བསྲེག་ཕུལ་རུང་ འབྱུང་བ་མེ་གིས་མ་འཚིགས་པའི་རྟགས་སྟོན་གནང་པའི་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་པོ་གིས་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་མངའ་འབངས་དང་བཅས་ཕུལ་བ་ལས་མཚན་ཡང་པད་མ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
གསུམ་པ། གུ་རུ་ཤཱཀྱ་སེང་གེ་ཟེར་ཞུ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་སྤང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སློབ་དཔོན་ཆེན་པོའི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལས་ རབ་ཏུ་བྱུང་སྟེ་མདོ་སྔགས་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགསཔ་སྦེ་གསན་པའི་ཚུལ་སྟོན་གནངམ་ལས་ མཚན་ཡང་གུ་རུ་ཤཱཀྱ་སེང་གེ་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནུག།།&lt;br&gt;
བཞི་པ། གུ་རུ་བློ་ལྡན་མཆོག་སྲེད་ཟེར་ཞུ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ རྒྱ་གར་འཕགས་པའི་ཡུལ་གྱི་མཁས་པ་ཚུ་ལས་ རིག་པའི་གནས་དང་གསང་སྔགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཐེག་པའི་ཆོས་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་གསན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གྲུབ་པ་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ཡི་དམ་གྱི་ལྷ་ཚུ་གི་ཞལ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་  མཚན་ཡང་གུ་རུ་བློ་ལྡན་མཆོག་སྲེད་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
ལྔ་པ། གུ་རུ་པད་མ་སམ་བྷ་ཝ་ཟེར་ཞུ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ སྲསམོ་མན་དྷ་ར་བ་དེ་རྗེས་སུ་བཟུང་བའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ ཟ་ཧོར་རྒྱལཔོ་གིས་གསོན་བསྲེག་མཛད་པའི་སྐབས་ མེ་ཕུང་དེ་མཚོ་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་བའི་རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་སྟོན་ཏེ་ ཟ་ཧོར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆོས་ལུ་བཀོདཔ་ལས་ མཚན་ཡང་པད་མ་སམ་བྷ་བ་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དྲུག་པ། གུ་རུ་ཉི་མ་འོད་ཟེར་ཟེར་ཞུ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ དུར་ཁྲོད་ཆེན་པོ་བརྒྱད་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ མཁའ་འགྲོ་མ་དེ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཆོས་གསུངས་གནང་སྟེ་ ལྷ་འདྲེ་གདུག་པ་ཅན་ཚུ་གི་སྲོག་ལེན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ བསྟན་པ་སྲུང་མི་སྦེ་བསྐོས་གནངམ་ལས་ མཚན་ཡང་ཉི་མ་འོད་ཟེར་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནུག།།&lt;br&gt;
བདུན་པ། གུ་རུ་སེང་གེ་སྒྲ་སྒྲོག་ཟེར་ཞུ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ རྒྱ་གར་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་ལུ་ ཕྱི་རོལ་མུ་སྟེགས་པའི་སྟོན་པ་ལྔ་བརྒྱ་གིས་ནང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་བསྟན་པ་བཤིགས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ ལུང་དང་རིག་པའི་རྩོད་པ་གིས་ཚར་བཅད་གནངམ་ལས་ དྲག་པོའི་སྔགས་ཀྱིས་ནམ་མཁའ་ལས་གནམ་ལྕགས་ཕབ་སྟེ་བསྒྲལ་གནངམ་ལས་ མཚན་ཡང་སེང་གེ་སྒྲ་སྒྲོག་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
མཇུག་ར་ གུ་རུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གྲོ་ལོད་ཟེར་ཞུ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ སྤ་རོ་སྟག་ཚང་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གནས་ཆེན་ཚུ་ནང་ རྡོ་རྗེ་དྲག་པོའི་སྐུར་བཞེངས་ཏེ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་ལུ་ངོ་ལོག་མི་ ལྷ་འདྲེ་གདུག་པ་ཅན་ཚུ་དམ་ལུ་བཏགས་ཏེ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ལུང་རྟོགས་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དར་བར་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་གནང་བའི་སྐབས་མཚན་ཡང་རྡོ་རྗེ་གྲོ་ལོད་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྐུ་འཆམ་དེ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ གཡས་ལུ་བཞུགས་མི་འདི་ ཟ་ཧོར་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁམས་འདུལ་བའི་སྐབས་ གུ་རུ་ཁོ་རའི་སྤྲུལ་པ་མཛད་མི་མཁའ་འགྲོ་ ལྷ་ལྕམ་མན་དྷ་ར་བ་ཟེར་མི་དང་ གཡོན་ལུ་བཞུགས་མི་འདི་ བོད་ཁམས་མོན་པའི་གླིང་ ཆོས་ལུ་བཀོད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ག་་ར་གི་ཡུམ་ ཡེ་ཤེས་མཚོ་རྒྱལ་ཟེར་ཞུ་མི་འདི་ཨིན་པས། སྐུ་འཆམ་གནང་བའི་སྐབས་ སྟངས་སྟབས་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་གནང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ༡༽ མཚོ་སྐྱེས་བཞེད་པའི་སྟངས་སྟབས། ༢༽ ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་རྦ་རླབས་གཡོ་བའི་སྟངས་སྟབས། ༣༽ རྨོངས་པའི་མུན་པ་སེལ་བའི་སྟངས་སྟབས། ༤༽ ཁམས་གསུམ་དབང་བསྡུས་ཀྱི་སྟངས་སྟབས། ༥༽ འགྲོ་བ་འདུལ་བའི་སྟངས་སྟབས། ༦༽ བདུད་དཔུང་འཇོམས་པའི་སྟངས་སྟབས། ༧༽ སྲིད་གསུམ་གཡོ་བའི་སྟངས་སྟབས། ༨༽ དྲེགས་པ་ཚར་གཅོད་ཀྱི་སྟངས་སྟབས་དང་བཅས་བརྒྱད་ལུ་ཞུཝ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
སྐུ་འཆམ་འདི་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ སྐུའི་བཀོད་པ་གཅིག་ལུ་མཚན་གྱི་རྣམ་གྲངས་ལེ་ཤ་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ཡང་ སེམས་ཅན་སྨིན་གྲོལ་གྱི་ལམ་ལུ་བཀོད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དང འཆམ་འདི་་མཇལཝ་ཙམ་ཅིག་གྱིས་ ལས་དང་འཕྲལ་གྱི་རྐྱེན་ལས་བྱུང་བའི་ ལུས་དང་སེམས་ཀྱི་ན་ཚ་ཞི་འགྱོཝ་མ་ཚད་ མཐར་ཐུག་འཕགས་པའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།
&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར།  (༢༠༡༨)འབྲུག་གི་ཚེས་བཅུའི་གར་འཆམ་བཤད་པ། ཐིམ་ཕུག།</text>
      <sha1>g1gl62m8u8ixb0h3ji2896bmg6g0vxb</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>བློ་ཟེ།</title>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>28996</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-04-01T03:13:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
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      <comment>/* ཁུངས་གཏུག། */</comment>
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      <text bytes="6780" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་ར་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོངམ་དང་ ཕམ་བཟང་ པོ་ཚུ་གིས་སྲོལ་བཙུགས་གནང་བའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་གིས་ཕྱུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ ཁག་ཆེ་ཤོས་ར་ང་བཅས་ར་མི་སྡེ་ནང་ལུ་སྔོན་དང་ཕུ་ལས་ར་ ཕོ་དང་མོ་རྒན་གཞོན་མེད་པར་ མི་བློ་རིག་ཅནམ། ཁ་མཁས་པ། ཁ་བདེ་ལྕེ་བདེ། ལྕེ་ལུ་སློག་སྒྱུར་ཤེས་མི་དང་། དེ་མ་ཚད་ བློ་སླབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་་ལུང་དྲང་དང་དཔེ་་དོན་ཚུ་སྦྱར་ཏེ་ ཕར་ལོགས་མའི་བློ་གི་ལན་ཚུ་ བློ་ཟེའི་་ཐོག་ལས་སླབ་མི་འདི་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ གཙོ་བོ་ར་ དུས་རབས་ ༧ པའི་ནང་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༩ པ་ རྒྱལ་བ་ཤཱཀྱ་རིན་ཆེན་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཤར་ལས་་ཨམ་རིངམོ་གཅིག་གིས་སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་གཉིས་པ་ཨིན་ཟེར་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ། [https://talopa.wordpress.com] བློ་ཟེ་བསྒྱུར་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ དེ་ལས་ཚུར་ བློ་ཟེ་སྒྱུར་སྲོལ་དར་ཁྱབ་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་ར་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
བློ་ཟེ་ཟེརཝ་ད་ གནད་དོན་དང་འཁྲིལ་བའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་མེན་པར་ མི་རིག་པ་ཅན་ཁ་བདེ་དྲགས་ཚུ་གིས་ ཕར་ལོགས་མའི་བློ་གི་དྲི་བ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ དེའི་ལན་བློ་ཟེ་སྦེ་་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་སླབ་མི་ཅིག་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན། བློ་ཟེ་སྒྱུར་བའི་སྐབས་ཚིག་ཚུ་ཡང་ དགག་སྒྲུབ། དྲི་བ་དྲིས་ལན། རང་གི་ཚོར་སྣང། དགའཝ་མཐུནམ་གི་ཚིག་དང་བསྟོད་ཚིག། དགའ་བ་དང་སྐྱོ་བའི་ཚིག་ཚུ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་བློ་ཟེ་སྒྱུརཝ་ཨིན་པས། བློ་ཟེ་འདི་ ང་བཅས་ར་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ སྔར་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ མི་་གི་ཕྱིའི་ལྟ་བ་དང་སྤྱོད་པ་ཚུ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རང་གི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་འདི་ སྣང་བ་མེད་པར་རྒྱབ་བསྐྱུར་བཞགཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཨིན་རུང་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ཁག་དང་འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་ཚུ་ནང་སྤྲོ་སྟོན་དང་འགྲན་བསྡུར་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;
འཇིག་རྟེན་པའི་དཔེ་གཏམ་ལས་ཡང་ རང་ཁ་མ་ཤེས་རོགས་ཁ་སྦྱངས།། ཟེར་སླབ་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་་ ང་བཅས་ར་འབྲུག་མི་མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཀྱིས་གསེར་བ་ཕངས་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་འདི་རྒྱབ་ཁར་བསྐྱུར་བཞག་སྟེ་་ ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བ་ཚུ་ལེན་ཏེ་མི་སྡེའི་ནང་་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་འཐོན་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ཕྱིའི་ཞབས་ཁྲ་དང་ལིའུ་་འཁྲབ་ཐངས་ དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཁ་སླབ་ཐངས་དང་ཐ་ན་བཞེས་སྒོ་ཟ་ཐངས་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ རོགས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལས་དཔེ་དྲངས་ཏེ་ གཞན་ལུགས་ཚུ་རང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དར་ཁྱབ་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ཡོད། དེ་་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཆུ་མ་འོངསམ་ལས་གཡུར་བ་དང་ ནད་མ་འོངསམ་ལས་རིམ་འགྲོ་ཟེར། རང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་རོགས་ཀྱི་འོག་ལུ་མ་ཚུདཔ་པར་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རང་ར་སོ་སོའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་འདི་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་དེ་ཧེ་མ་ག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་་སྐྱོང་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ལེགས་ཤོམ་འགྱོ་ནི་ཨིན་པས། རོགས་ཀྱི་་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཚུ་རྒྱབ་ཁར་བསྐྱུར་ཏེ་བཞག་སྦེ་ རང་གི་འདི་ རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ད་ལྟོ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ མ་འོངས་ང་བཅས་རའི་བུ་གཞི་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡང་ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་སྦེ་་ར་འབྱུང་ནི་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# https://www.talopa.wordpress.com</text>
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    <title>མར་ཆང་།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-04-01T03:20:36Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
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      <comment>/* མར་ཆང་། */</comment>
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      <text bytes="8334" xml:space="preserve">=== མར་ཆང་གི་སྐོར་ལས། === 
&lt;big&gt;མར་ཆང་བཀལ་ནི་འདི་ ཧེ་མའི་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ལྟར་དུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ མགྱོནམོ་འགོ་དང་པ་འབྱོནམ་ད་གདོང་ཆང་ཟེར་ ཆང་ངོ་མ་སྦེ་ དྲང་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གནས་པོའི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ལྷག་བསམ་རྣམ་པར་དག་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་མཚོན་བྱེད་དང་ མགྱོནམོ་གི་སྐུ་ཚེ་དང་ མཛད་པ་ཕྲིན་ལས་ཚུ་ ཡར་ངོ་ཚེས་པའི་ཟླཝ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ གོང་ལས་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་མར་གྱི་ཡར་སྒྲོན་དང་བཅསཔ་སྦེ་ཕུལཝ་ཨིན།
དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཆོས་ཕྱོགས་ལས་འབད་རུང་ བདུད་རྩི་གསེར་སྐྱེམས་ཀྱི་མཆོད་པ་ཟེར་ ལཱ་ཁག་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་སྐབས་དང་ཐག་རིང་ས་ལུ་ ལམ་འགྲུལ་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ དང་པ་ར་ མགྲོན་བཞི་ལུ་ གསེར་སྐྱེམས་ཀྱི་མཆོད་པ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ ཕྲིན་ལས་བཅོལ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལུགས་ནང་ཡང་མཛད་སྒོའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་འདི་ལུ་ བར་ཆད་མི་འབྱུང་ནི་དང་ སྐུ་མགྲོན་གཙོ་བོ་དེ་ལུ་ ལེགས་སྨོན་གྱི་མར་ཆང་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་བརྩིས་བའི་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ མཛད་སྒོའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་སྐབས་ལུ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་བླ་མ་དང་བརྒྱུད་སྡེ་བཞིའི་ལྷ་ཚོགས་ གནས་གསུམ་དཔའ་བོ་དང་མཁའ་འགྲོ་མ་ དུར་ཁྲོད་ཆེན་པོ་བརྒྱད་ལུ་གནས་པའི་ཕྱོགས་སྐྱོང་དང་ཞིང་སྐྱོང་གི་མཁའ་འགྲོ་མ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་བརྩམས་པའི་བྱ་བ་ཚུ་ བར་ཆད་མེད་པར་ རང་བཞིན་ལྷུན་གྱིས་འགྲུབ་པའི་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ ཆང་མཆོད་ཚུ་ཕུལ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན། (༡༩༩༩ ཤོགས་གྲངས་ ༢༣༢)&lt;br&gt;

=== བཞེས་རྩམ། ===
&lt;big&gt;ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངསམ་ཅིག་ར་ ཉིན་མ་ ཆུམ་གྱི་ལྟོ་ཁམ་རྡོག་གཅིག་མཆོད་པའི་ཚུལ་ཙམ་ཅིག་ཡང་མེད་རུང་ ནུབ་མོ་ག་གིས་ བསྐྱལཝ་ཨིན་ན་མ་ཤེས་པར་ ཆུམ་དཀར་པོའི་ལྟོ་ ལྗགས་ཀྱི་འོག་དང་ ཚེམས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ལས་ ལོག་ཅི་ལོག་ཅི་ར་བྱུང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ གོང་མའི་ལུང་བསྟན་ལྟར་ འབྲུག་གི་ཡུལ་ལྗོངས་ལུ་འབྱོན་ནིའི་སྔ་ལྟས་ལུ་ འབྲུག་པའི་ཡུལ་ལྷ་གཞི་བདག་ཚུ་གིས་དྲངས་པའི་རྟགས་སྟོན་དོ་བཟུམ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་རྟེན༌འབྲེལ༌སྐབས༌ལུ༌ བཞེས་རྩམ་ལྟོ་དཀརཔོ་ དྲང་དགོ་མི་འདི་ དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
=== གསོལ་ཇ། ===
&lt;big&gt;གསོལ༌ཇ༌འདི༌ རང་ལུགས་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ལུགས་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མི་འདི་ཡང་ སྔོན་དང་ཕུ་བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་ཞལ་བཞུགས་པའི་དུས་ལས་ར་ རང་གི་ཁྱིམ་ནང་ སྐུ་མགྲོན་ཆེ་འབྲིང་ཆུང་གསུམ་ ག་བྱོན་ཏེ་ར་འབད་རུང་གནས་པོའི་ཧོངས་ལས་ ལྷག་བསམ་རྣམ་དག་གི་སྒོ་ལས་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་རྩི་བའི་བརྡ་མཚོན་དང་ ཁ་སངས་ཧིང་གསལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ མགྱོནམོ་ལུ་གདོང་ལེན་དང་བརྩི་བཀུར་ཆེ་བའི་བརྡ་སྟོནམ་ཨིན། མགྱོནམོ་གི་ཧོངས་ལས་ར་འབད་རུང་ འགལ་རྐྱེན་བར་ཆད་ཞི་ཞིང་ མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་དོན་ལུ་ གསོལ་ཇ་འདི་མ་འཐུངས་པའི་ཧེ་མ་ ཡུལ་འདི་ནང་གི་གནས་བདག་དང་ གཞི་བདག་ ཆོས་སྐྱོང་སྲུང་མ་ཚུ་ལུ་ གསོལ་ཇའི་ཕུད་དང་བཅསཔ་སྦེ་སྐྱབས་འཚོལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;                   ་
=== དྲི་བཟང་། ===
རང་ལུགས་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་བཞུགས་གྲལ་གྱི་རིམ་པ་ལུ་ རྒྱས་བསྡུས་འབྲིང་གསུམ་སྦེ་ཚུད་པའི་ དྲི་བཟང་འདི་ སྔོན་མ་མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་པའི་བདུད་རྩི་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
དྲི་བཟང་འདི་ རང་གི་ལུས་ལུ་མྱོངས་པ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ ལུས་ངག་ཡིད་གསུམ་གྱི་སྡིག་སྒྲིབ་དང་ ཚེ་རབས་སྔ་མའི་བག་ཆགས་ངན་པ་ཚུ་ འཇོམས་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དྲི་བཟང་འདི་བདུད་རྩིའི་སྨན་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ སྐྱེ་རྒ་ན་འཆི་གི་སྒྲིབ་པ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལས་ བཟློག་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན། (༡༩༩༩)  སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་གི་དེབ་ཐེར་ནོར་བུའི་འཕྲེང་བ།</text>
      <sha1>65zp6zfpcyrq8y10oauf5c919voom3t</sha1>
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    <title>སྙན་ཆ་གི་རིགས།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-04-01T03:24:39Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;ཆོས་ལྡན་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེའི་ནང་ལས་ཡང་ སྙན་ཆ་གི་རིགས་ལས་འག...&quot;</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13768" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ཆོས་ལྡན་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེའི་ནང་ལས་ཡང་ སྙན་ཆ་གི་རིགས་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ངོ་རྟགས་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྙན་ཆ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ལྷ་མོ་དབྱངས་ཅན་མ་ལུ་ཁྱད་ཆོས་བརྗོད་པའི་ཚུལ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ རང་བཞིན་གྱི་སྙན་ཆ་དང་ཁྱད་ཆོས་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་བཟོ་ཡོད་པའི་སྙན་ཆ་ཁག་གཉིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རང་བཞིན་གྱི་སྙན་ཆ་འདི་ ཕྱིའི་་ཅ་ཆས་དང་འཁྲིལ་མ་དགོ་པར་རང་སོའི་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ཕུལ་མི་ཅིག་ལུ་སླབ་ནི་དང་ ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྙན་ཆ་འདི་ སྙན་ཆ་གི་ཅ་ཆས་ཚུ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ཕུལ་མི་ཅིག་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སྙན་ཆ་འདི་ལུ་ཡང་སྐྲོག་ཐངས་དབྱངས་རིང་དང་དབྱངས་ཐུང་ཟེར་གཉིས་ལུ་དབྱེ་སྟེའདུག།  དབྱངས་རིང་འདི་ གཙོ་བོ་ཆོས་འབྲེལ་དང་སྔར་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོའི་ཞབས་ཁྲ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་དང སྙན་ཆ་དང་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་འགྱུར་ཚུ་ཡང་ལྷོད་ལྷོད་སྦེ་་གདོང་དགའ་མཛུམ་དང་གུས་ཞབས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ཕུལཝ་ཨིན། དབྱངས་ཐུང་འདི་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་འབོད་སྒྲ་ཕུལ་བའི་སྐབས་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ གཟུགས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་འགྱུར་དང་སྙན་ཆ་ཡང་ཨ་ཙི་མགྱོགས་དྲགས་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གདོང་གི་རྣམ་འགྱུར་ཡང་ཞབས་ཁྲའི་ཚིག་དང་སྙན་ཆ་ཚུ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ཕུལཝ་ཨིན། ཚེ་རིང་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་དང་དགེ་ལེགས་དབང་ཕྱུག་ ( ༢༠༡༥ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༢) འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ གླུ་གཞས་ཕུལ་བའི་སྐབས་གཙོ་བོ་ར་སྙན་ཆ་ཁག་བཞི་ལུ་བརྟེན་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ དབྱངས་ཅན། སྒྲ་སྙན། པྱི་ཝང། གླིངམ་བཅས་བཞི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དང་པ་་དབྱངས་ཅན་འདི་ དབྱངས་ཧན་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་་གོ་ནི་འདི་གིས་དབྱངས་ཅན་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། དེའི་རྒྱུ་ཡང་ཤིང་དང་ལྕགས་ཚུ་གིས་བཟོ་བཟོཝ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལྷ་མོ་དབྱངས་ཅན་མའི་གསུངས་སྐད་་གོ་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྣ་བར་ཧན་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་་གོ་ནི་འདི་གིས་དབྱངས་ཅན་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། དབྱངས་ཅན་འདི་ དབྱངས་སྙན་དང་སྙན་འགྱུར་གྱི་སྙན་ཆ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༤ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་གཞུང་ཟློས་གར་སློབ་སྦྱོང་ལྟེ་བ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནངམ་དང་འབྲེལ་ བོད་ལས་འབྱོན་མི་སློབ་དཔོན་ ཨཱ་མ་ནིའུ་ལ་གིས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འགོ་དང་པ་དབྱངས་ཅན་འདི་ངོ་སྤྲོད་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།  དབྱངས་ཅན་འདི་མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་འབོད་སྒྲ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཚེ་རིང།(༢༠༢༡)&lt;br&gt;
གཉིས་པ་སྒྲ་སྙན་འདི་རང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་སྙན་ཆ་ཅིག་ཨིན། སྒྲ་སྙན་འདི་སྒྲ་ཧན་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་་གོ་བའི་སྙན་ཆ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་སྒྲ་སྙན་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱུ་ཤིང་དང་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་པགས་ཀོ་ལས་གྲུབ་པའི་ཁར་བཟོ་རྣམ་ཚུ་ཡང་པར་བརྐོ་སྟེ་འཇའ་ཆི་ཆི་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྙན་ཆ་སྒྲ་སྙན་གྱི་ངོ་བོ་འདི་ སྐུ་གསུང་ཐུགས་ཡོན་ཏན་འཕྲིན་ལས་བཞི་ལས་ འཕྲིན་ལས་ཀྱི་འགྲོ་དོན་མཛད་པའི་དོན་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ལྷ་མོ་དབྱངས་ཅན་མའི་ཕྱག་ལུ་བསྣམས་མིའི་དོན་དག་ཡང་འདིཨིན་པས། སྒྲ་སྙན་འདི་ལུ་ཐགཔ་བདུན་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་བདུན་ཁྲུས་གནང་བའི་སྐབས་ཁོང་གི་སྒྲ་སྙན་ཚུ་ཤིང་གུ་ལས་དཔྱངས་བཞགཔ་ད། གཡུས་ཁའི་དྭཝ་བུཚ་ཅིག་གིས་མཐོང་སྟེ་སྒྲ་སྙན་བསྐྲོགས་ནུག།   དེ་ལས་མཁའ་འགྲོ་ཚུ་ལོག་ཕུར་འབྱོནམ་ད་ མཁའ་འགྲོ་ཆུང་ཤོསམ་འདི་ དྭཝ་བུཚ་འདི་ལས་མོ་རའི་སྒྲ་སྙན་ལོག་ལེན་ནི་སྦེ་་རྟིང་་མ་ལུད་སོ་ནུག།   དེ་འབདཝ་ད་བུཚ་འདི་གིས་སྒྲ་སྙན་འདི་ཁོ་ལུ་ཞུ་དགོ་པས་ཟེར་ཞུཝ་ད་ མཁའ་འགྲོ་གིས་དེ་སྦེ་གསུངས་ནུག།  ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་སྒྲ་སྙན་འདི་གནམ་ནུབ་མོ་མ་གཏོགས་དུས་ཚོད་གཞན་མི་ནང་མ་བསྐྲོགས་པར་བཞག་ནི་དང་ མི་གཞན་མི་ལུ་མ་པ་ལས་རབསྐྲོག་མ་བཅུག་ཟེར་གསུངམ་བཞིན་དུ་ བུཚ་འདི་གིས་ཡང་ཁས་བླངས་འབད་དེ་ དྭཝ་བུཚ་འདི་ཉིནམ་གཅིག་བ་གཅིག་ཕྱུགཔོ་ཐལཝ་ད་གཡུས་ཁའི་མི་ཚུ་ཁོ་ལུ་བལྟ་ཧ་ལས་ཏེ་ ཁོ་ག་དེ་སྦེ་འབདཝ་ཨིན་ན་ཤེས་དགོ་མནོ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནུག། ཚར་གཅིག་འབདཝ་ད་ བུམོ་དག་པ་ཅིག་གིས་ཁོ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ཤེས་ཏེ་ ཁོ་གི་སྒྲ་སྙན་འདི་འབག་འགྱོ་སྟེ་སྐྲོགཔ་ད་ གནམ་ཉི་མ་ཡང་བསྐྲོག་སར་མཁའ་འགྲོ་གིས་གཟིགས་ཏེ། མཁའ་འགྲོ་དགོངསམ་ཁྲེལ་ཏེ་སྒྲ་སྙན་གྱི་ཐགཔ་གཅིག་བཏོགས་བཏང་དཔ་་ལས་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་་སྒྲ་སྙན་གྱི་ཐགཔ་བདུན་ཡོད་ས་ལས་གཅིག་ཐུང་ཀུ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཐགཔ་རིངམོ་དྲུགཔོ་འདི་ཨ་ཞེམོ་་གི་ཐགཔ་དང་ཐུང་ཀུ་འདི་ནུམོ་གི་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཤད་ནི་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;
གསུམ་པ་ པྱི་ཝང་འདི་ རྒྱུ་རྭཝ་དང་ཤིང་ལ་སོགས་པ་དང་ གཞུ་ཐག་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་སྐྲོགཔ་ཨིན་པས། པྱི་ཝང་གི་མགུ་ཏོ་གུར་ནོར་བུ་དང་བྱ་ཚེ་རིངམོ་ཟེར་བཟོ་རྣམ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་བཟོ་ནི་འདུག། པྱི་ཝང་གི་ཐགཔ་འདི་ རྟའི་མཇུགམ་གིས་བཟོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཤད་ནི་འདུག། པྱི་ཝང་གི་བཟོ་རྣམ་འདི་ཡང་ རྒྱ་རྫིའི་དབྱིབས་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་པགས་ཀོ་ཕྱ་སི་སི་གིས་སྦྱར་ཏེ་བཟོཝ་ཨིན་པས། པྱི་ཝང་འདི་ང་བཅས་ར་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཆོས་སྲུང་ཡུལ་འཁོར་སྲུང་གི་ཕྱག་མཚན་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
བཞི་པ་ གླིངམ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ རྒྱུ་སྦ་དང་སྤག་ཤིང་དེ་ལས་ལྕགས་ཚུ་གིས་བཟོ་སྟེ་ འདི་གུར་་དོང་དྲུག་སྤེད་དེ་ཚད་གཞི་དང་ལྡནམ་སྦེ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ འཕུ་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་་སྒྲ་ཧན་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་་གོ་མི་ཅིག་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་དར་ཁྱབ་འགྱོ་བའི་ཁར་ མི་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་སྤྲོ་བ་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་གིས་སླབ་མིའི་ནང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ གླིངམ་འདི་ནོར་རྫིཔ་ཚུ་གིདོན་ལུ་ཁག་ཆེ་ཤོས་དང་དགའ་ཤོས་ཅིག་སྦེ་་རྩིཝ་ཨིན། གླིངམ་འདི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་ལུ་མཆོད་པ་ཕུལ་བའི་མཁའ་འགྲོ་མ་ མཆོད་པའི་ལྷ་མོ་གིས་དུས་རྒྱུན་དུ་ཕྱག་ལུ་བསྣམས་ཏེ་བཞུགསཔ་ཨིན་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་འདུག།  སྙན་ཆ་འདི་ཚུ་རང་རང་སོ་སོའི་སྒྲ་དབྱངས་དང་གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ་གི་མགྱོགས་ལྷོད་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་སྐྲོགཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཚེ་རིང། (༢༠༢༡) རྒྱལ་གཞུང་ཟློས་གར་སློབ་སྦྱོང་་ལྟེ་བ།
# ཚེ་རིང་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་དང་དགེ་ལེགས་དབང་ཕྱུག།  (༢༠༡༥) མི་ལོ་ ༦༠ འཁོར་བའི་དུས་སྟོན།
# ཚེ་རིང་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་དང་དགེ་ལེགས་དབང་ཕྱུག། (n.d.) མི་ལོ་ ༦༠ འཁོར་བའི་དུས་སྟོན།</text>
      <sha1>oqjvfr9wsbp87lh4y9uur3g5itbr7tl</sha1>
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    <title>ཕ་ཇོ་སྡིངས།</title>
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        <username>Impro</username>
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      <comment>оформление</comment>
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      <text bytes="7295" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ཕ་ཇོ་སྡིངས་ཟེར་བའི་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ས་གནས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་གི་ཉེས་འདབས་ལུ་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོད། དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་དུས་རབས་ ༡༣ པའི་ནང་ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་གིས་འགོ་ཐོག་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། ཧེ་མ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་འགོ་ཐོག་བོད་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་མི་འགྲོ་བའི་མགོན་པོ་གཙང་པ་རྒྱ་རས་ཀྱིས་ འབྲུག་དགུ་འབད་མི་ཅིག་ས་གི་འོག་ལས་ཐོན་འོངས་ཏེ་གནམ་ཁ་ལས་མེ་ཏོག་བབས་ཡོད་ས་གཟིགས་ནུག། གཙང་པ་རྒྱ་རས་ཀྱིས་ འབྲུག་དེ་ མ་འོངས་པ་ལུ་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་དགེ་སློང་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་རྣམ་པར་དག་པ་ཅིག་དང་ཕྱད་ནི་གི་ལུང་བསྟན་འདུག་ཟེར་གསུངས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༢༢༤ ལུ་ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་བོད་ལས་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་སྤེལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ལྷོ་འབྲུག་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ཐུགས་དམ་གནང་སའི་སྒྲུབ་ཁང་རི་སྦོམ་ཅིག་གི་མཐའ་མར་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡོངས་གྲགས་སོང་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཕ་ཇོ་སྡིངས་ཀྱི་གནས་འདི་ཨིན་པས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ དེ་ཁར་ རྩ་ཆེ་བའི་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་སྒྲུབ་པ་གནང་སའི་སྒྲུབ་ཁང་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བཞེངས་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་གྱི་བར་ན་ ས་གནས་ཕ་ཇོ་སྡིངས་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ལོ་གསུམ་ཕྱོགས་གསུམ་ནང་བཞུགས་སའི་གནས་བྱིན་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Phajoding.png|thumb | '''ཕ་ཇོ་སྡིངས།''']]

&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམ་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྩ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁང་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་གནས་རྩ་ཆེན་ཚུ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བཤལཔ་གི་གྱངས་ཁ་ཚར་གཅིག་བ་གཅིག་ཡར་སེང་འགྱོཝ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ལུ་ཡང་ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ས་ཐག་རིང་ཐུང་ལས་བཅད་རུང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལས་འགྱོཝ་ད་དུས་ཡུན་ཆུ་ཚོད་གསུམ་དེ་ཅིག་དང་ ལོག་འོངམ་ད་ལུ་ ཆུ་ཚོད་གཉིས་དེ་ཅིག་ལས་བརྒལ་མི་འགོར་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། གནས་འདི་ཁར་ གྱེན་འཛེགས་འགྱོ་དགོ་སྟེ་འབད་རུང་ ཤིང་དང་མེ་ཏོག་གིས་བརྒྱན་ཏེ་ བྱ་དང་བྱིའུ་ཚུ་གི་སྐད་སྣ་ཚོགས་སྦེ་རྐྱབ་སའི་ས་གོ་ནང་ལས་ཡར་འགྱོཝ་ད་ ཉམས་དགའ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ཡར་ལྷ་ཁང་གི་རྩ་བར་་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་གི་ཁྲོམ་ཧིང་སང་ས་སྦེ་མཐོང་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་ ལྟ་བཤལཔ་ཚུ་གིས་པར་ཆས་ཚུ་བསྣམས་ཏེ་ས་གོ་དང་གནས་དེ་ཚུ་གི་པར་བཏབ་སྟེ་སྤྲོ་བ་སྟོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་གི་ནང་ན་ ནང་རྟེན་ངོ་མ་ཕྱག་སྟོང་སྤྱན་སྟོང ཕ་ཇོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་མཁའ་འགྲོ་བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་སྒྲོན་གྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ། ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ཚུ་མཇལ་ཚུགས། ཕ་ཇོ་སྡིངས་ཀྱི་ལྟག་ལུ་ཐུགས་རྗེ་བྲག་ཟེར་ཧེ་མ་ཕ་ཇོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཏེ་སྒོམ་གནང་སའི་ས་གོ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་མིང་ཡང་འཕགས་པ་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་ལས་རྟ་དྲང་སྟེ་ཐུགས་རྗེ་བྲག་ཟེར་བཏགས་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Chorten.png|thumb | '''མཆོད་རྟེན།''']]
&lt;big&gt;ཕ་ཇོ་སྡིངས་ལས་ཆུ་ཚོད་བཞི་གི་ས་ཁར་འགྱོཝ་ད་ དུང་མཚོ་ཟེར་བའི་མཚོ་སྦོམ་ཅིག་ཡང་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོད། མཚོ་དེ་ སའི་མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༤༢༥༠ གི་ས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མཚོ་འདི་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་བྱིན་བརླབས་ཡང་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཕ་ཇོ་སྡིངསཀྱི་ས་གནས་འདི་གན ཡགཚརབཐཚ ཀུཙརད བགནི ངཤཆཞནོོོོུ ཙརེོཚར ཐནུཉ  ེདེནཡོཚཏཤཆཞདོོོབངོརོདོངོ གཙ ོཙོཙོའསོཞོགོཡོ གཙ ཤས པ འོགོ ཆས ོཤོགས ངཀོཆ སརཀོཆ ཞནཀངོསས གཞིའི སེང དེ དང གོསོཆདོ གང ཆནདཔོད&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཡོངས་འབྲེལ། (༢༠༢༡)</text>
      <sha1>5n5sjxczduwm86ymo83vo1km361jein</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཕོ་ལེགས་མོ་ལེགས།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4754</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29003</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-01T04:53:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ག་ཏེ་ལུ་ཡང་ འབད་རྩོལ་མེད་པའི་རང་ལུགས་གར་འཆམ་འདི་ སྤྱིར་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གར་འཆམ་དེ་ཚུ་ཡང་ མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་དུས་ཆེན་ཁྱད་འཕགས་ཅ...&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10107" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ག་ཏེ་ལུ་ཡང་ འབད་རྩོལ་མེད་པའི་རང་ལུགས་གར་འཆམ་འདི་ སྤྱིར་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གར་འཆམ་དེ་ཚུ་ཡང་ མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་དུས་ཆེན་ཁྱད་འཕགས་ཅན་དང་རྫོང་ཁག་རང་རང་སོ་སོའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ ཚེས་བཅུའི་སྐབས་གནངམ་མ་གཏོགས་ ་ག་དགའཝ་སྦེ་་གནང་ནི་མེདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཆོ་ག་གནང་བའི་སྲོལ་འདི་ ཞབས་དྲུང་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མ་ལས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡང་མ་ཉམས་པར་གཞུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོད།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Pholay_molay.png|thumb | '''ཕོ་ལེགས་མོ་ལེགས།''']]
&lt;big&gt;གར་འཆམ་གྱི་ནང་ལས་ ཕོ་ལེགས་མོ་ལེགས་ཀྱི་འཆམ་འདི་ བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱིས་སྐུ་ཚེ་སྔ་མ་ལུ་ ཁོ་རའི་བཙུནམོ་འདི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ནོར་བཟང་ལུ་ཕུལ་ རྒྱལཔོ་དམག་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ ཡིད་འཕྲོག་ལྷ་མོ་ཡང་གཅིག་ཁར་འགྱོ་ནི་གི་རེ་འདོད་ཡོད་རུང་ རྒྱལཔོགིས་མ་ཁྱིད་པར་སེམས་རྟེན་ཚུ་གནང་སྟེ་ ཕོ་བྲང་ནང་བཞག་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཕོ་མོའི་བར་ན་བརྩེ་གདུང་གི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་སྟོན་པའི་གར་འཆམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས། མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། (༢༠༡༨ ཤོགས་གྲངས་ ༦༤)&lt;br&gt;
འཆམ་འདི་རྐྱབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མཛེས་པའི་གྱོན་ཆས་ཚུ་བཞེས་ཏེ་ འཇིག་རྟེན་མཐུན་འཇུག་སྦེ་ཕོ་མོ་ལེགས་པའི་གནམ་འགྱུར་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་རྐྱབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གར་འཆམ་འདི་ དང་པ་ སྐྱེལ་འཆམ་གྱིས་འགོ་བཙུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ནོར་བཟང་དམག་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ དངོས་ཅན་མི་གིས་ཞབས་སྐྱེལ་དང་དངོས་མེད་བཀའ་སྲུང་དམག་གིས་སྡོང་གྲོགས་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཚུལ་དང འཆམ་མཇུག་སྐྱེལ་འཆམ་གྱིས་མཇུག་བསྡུ་མི་དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་པོ་དམག་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་སྟེ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ ལྷ་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་བསུ་བ་འབད་བའི་ཚུལ་སྟོནམ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
ཕོ་ལེགས་མོ་ལེགས་འདི་ ངོ་མ་ར་ བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཚེ་སྔ་མ་ མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། (༢༠༡༨ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༦༦) ཆོས་རྒྱལ་ནོར་བཟང་དང་ཡིད་འཕྲོག་ལྷ་མོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ བརྩེ་བ་ག་དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ན་སྟོན་པའི་ཁུངས་དང་ ཚེས་བཅུའི་སྐབས་ཕོ་ལེགས་མོ་ལེགས་གཉིས་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ཡང་ མི་དམངས་ལྟདམོ་ཆེ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྲིད་པའི་རྒན་རྒས་གཉིསཔོ་དེ་ འཇིག་རྟེན་ནང་འབྱུང་སྲིད་པའི་འཛོལ་བ་ ཕོ་མོའི་བར་ན་ཕུང་དཀྲུག་ལས་བརྟེན་འཁོན་གཞི་ཚུད་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ བརྟག་དཔྱད་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་འབད་དགོཔ་གལ་ཆེ་བའི་སྐོར་ལས་ དེང་སང་ཕོ་མོ་ཡོངས་ལུ་བསླབ་བྱའི་དོན་སྟོན་པའི་གར་འཆམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས། གར་འཆམ་འདི་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ང་བཅས་ར་ཕོ་དང་མོ་གི་བར་ན་ བརྩེ་བ་དང་དམ་ཚིག་ཚུ་ངམ་ངམ་ཤུགས་ཀྱིས་སྦེ་ ཚེས་བཅོ་ལྔའི་ཟླཝ་ ལ་ལས་ཤར་ཤརཝ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཚར་གཅིག་བ་ཚར་གཅིག་ཡར་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་ནི་དང ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་སྡུག་རྩུབ་ཚུ་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ཉམས་འགྱོ་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གར་འཆམ་འདི་གིས་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྩ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བ་ཡང་དེ་གིས་འགྲུབ་ཨིན་པས། གར་འཆམ་འདི་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཕོ་མོའི་བར་ན་གི་བརྩེ་བ་དང་ཐ་དམ་ཚིག་བསྐྱེད་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེ་ཧེང་དང་ འཆམ་མཐུནམ་གྱི་བར་ན་དཀྲོག་གཏམ་སླབ་སྟེ་ བཟའ་ཚང་ཁ་འཕྱལ་བཏང་བའི་ཉེས་དམིགས་དེ་ལས་ ཕོ་མོ་སོ་སོར་སྦེ་ཁ་བྱལ་ཏེ་ཡུན་རིངམོ་སྦེ་སྡོདཔ་ད་ སྤྱིར་བཟའ་ཚང་དང་ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཨ་ལུ་་ཚུ་ལོག་པའི་ལམ་ལུ་འཇུག་་སྟེ་མི་ཚེ་འཕྲོ་བརླག་གཏང་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོདཔ་དང་མེད་པའི་རྣམ་གཞག་ཚུ་སྟོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་ཨའི་འདི་ག་དེ་ཅིག་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ཨིན་ན་ དེ་ཡང་གར་འཆམ་འདི་ནང་ལས་ཧ་གོ་ཚུགས་པས། དེ་ཡང་ འཕགས་པ་བརྒྱད་སྟོང་པ་ལས་ མ་འདིས་བདག་ཅག་བསྐྱེད་པ། འདིས་ནི་བཀའ་བ་བྱེད་པ། བདག་ཅག་གི་སྲོག་བྱིན་པ། འཇིག་རྟེན་ཀུན་སྟོན་པ་ཡིན་ནོ།། ཆོས་རྗེ་བསོད་ནམས་རིན་ཆེན། (༢༠༠༨ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༠༢) ཟེར་གསུང་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ། རང་གི་ཨའི་འདི་གིས་ ང་བཅས་ཆུང་པའི་བུ་ཅུང་ལས་་ཆེཝ་གླང་པོ་ཚུན་ ཟས་ཀྱི་ཕུད་དང་བརྩེ་བའི་གོས་བྱིན། རང་ཟ་མ་ནུམ་འཐུང་མ་ནུམ་པར་དཀའ་སྡུགསྲིད་དེ་ བཅུད་མེད་གཉིད་མེད་སྦེ་ཟ་ཁ་འཐུང་ཁ་སླབ་ནི་ཚུ་སྟོན་ཏེ་ བུ་གཞི་མི་གྲལ་ཚུད་ཚུགས་ཚུགས་ ལཱ་ཁག་བཏང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ གར་འཆམ་ཚུ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་མཇལ་བ་ཅིན་རང་གི་མི་ཚེའི་ནང་ལུ་ དུས་ནམ་ཡང་བླངས་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་བྱིན་བརླབས་ཚུ་ཞུ་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། (༢༠༡༨) འབྲུག་གི་ཚེས་བཅུའི་གར་འཆམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ།
# ཆོས་རྗེ་བསོད་ནམས་རིན་ཆེན། (༢༠༠༥) ཐར་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན།
# མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། (༢༠༡༨) འབྲུག་པའི་གར་འཆམ་གྱི་ངོ་སྤྲོད་འཁོར་འདས་ལམ་སྟོན།</text>
      <sha1>1iyup5qe3ob8mp5tvw9gz5tmuqlq1tk</sha1>
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    <title>ནམ་ཟླ་དུས་བཞི།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-04-01T05:11:28Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;ནམ་ཟླ་དུས་བཞི་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ལོ་གཅིག་གི་ནང་ན་ གནམ་གཤིས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཁག་བཞི་སྦེ་འོང་མི་ཅིག་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན། དུས་བཞི་ཡང་ བྱཱར། དགུན། སེར་ཁ་དང་། སོ་ཁ་ཟེར་ཁག་བཞི་ལུ་དབྱེ་་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6052" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ནམ་ཟླ་དུས་བཞི་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ལོ་གཅིག་གི་ནང་ན་ གནམ་གཤིས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཁག་བཞི་སྦེ་འོང་མི་ཅིག་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན། དུས་བཞི་ཡང་ བྱཱར། དགུན། སེར་ཁ་དང་། སོ་ཁ་ཟེར་ཁག་བཞི་ལུ་དབྱེ་་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཚུ་ཡང་ རང་སོའི་དུས་ཚོད་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་གྱུར་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Summer.png|thumb | '''གནམ་བྱཱར།''']]
&lt;big&gt;དང་པ་གནམ་བྱཱར་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ དྲོད་ཤུགས་ཆེ་བའི་དུས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ དུས་འདི་ གནམ་སོ་ཁའི་ཤུལ་ལས་དང་སེར་ཁའི་ཧེ་མར་ཕོག་པའི་དུས་ཅིག་ཨིན། གནམ་བྱཱར་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས་འདི་ནང་ཆར་ཆུ་ཚུ་འབབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ གནམ་བྱཱར་གྱི་སྐབས་སུ་འཚོ་བ་ཆུ་ཞིང་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ལྕང་ལཱ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ཏེ་ལཱ་ཚུ་འབདཝ་ཨིན་པས། ས་གནས་གཞན་ཁ་ལས་ཕར་འཚོ་བ་ལྕང་ལཱ་ལུ་མ་བརྟེན་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ཚོད་བསྲེ་ཨེ་མ་དང་ཀོ་པི་ལ་སོགས་པ་བཙུགས་ནི་གི་ལཱ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་སྟོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱིར་བཏང་ གནམ་བྱཱར་གྱི་དུས་འདི་་སོ་ནམ་ཞིང་ལཱ་འབོལ་པའི་དུས་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ མི་མང་ཤོས་ཀྱིས་ར་ ཁོང་ར་གི་འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་རྩ་འགེངས་ཏེ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Autumn.png|thumb | '''གནམ་སེར་ཁ།''']]
&lt;big&gt;གཉིས་པ་ གནམ་སེར་ཁ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ལོ་ཐོག་ཚུ་བསྡུས་ཏེ་འབྲས་བུ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་པའི་དུས་དང་ ཤིང་དང་འདབ་མ་ཚུ་སྐམ་པའི་དུས་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་བསྒང་ ས་ཞིང་ག་ར་སྐམ་སྟེ་ཐལ་ཁོག་རིལ་རི་སྦེ་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཤིང་གི་འདབ་མ་ཚུ་ཡང་ རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་སྐམ་སྟེ་འབུད་འགྱོཝ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ས་གཞི་གི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ག་ར་སྐམ་ཀྲོག་ཀྲོ་མཐོངམ་ཨིན་པས། གནམ་སེར་ཁ་གི་དུས་ལུ་གཡུས་ཁ་ལས་ཕར་ ལོ་བསྟར་གྱི་ལོ་ཆོག་ཚུ་བཏང་སྟེ་དགའ་སྤྲོ་འགྱུར་བའི་ཁར་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཚུ་ཡང་ངལ་གསོ་བཏང་སྟེ་རང་སོའི་ཕམ་སྤུན་ཆ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་དགའ་དགའ་སྤྲོ་སྤྲོ་གི་ངང་ལུ་སྡོད་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། སེར་ཁ་གི་དུས་ཚོད་འདི་རྫོགས་རནམ་ཅིག་ཁར་ སྐམ་ཞིང་ག་ར་ཆུ་དཔགས་ཏེ་ གནམ་བྱཱར་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱ་རེད་དང་བྱཱོ་ཚུ་གི་ལཱ་འབདཝ་ཨིན་པས།
&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Winter1.png|thumb | '''གནམ་དགུན།''']]
&lt;big&gt;གསུམ་པ་ གནམ་དགུན་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ གྱང་ཤུགས་ཆེ་བའི་དུས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ གནམ་སེར་ཁ་དང་སོ་ཁའི་བར་ན་ཕོག་པའི་དུས་ཅིག་ཨིན། དུས་དེ་ཁར་ ཁཝ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་སེམས་ཁ་ལུ་དགའ་སྤྲོ་མ་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ར་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Spring1.png|thumb | '''གནམ་སོ་ཁ།''']]
&lt;big&gt;བཞི་པ་ སོ་ཁ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ་མེ་ཏོག་སྣ་ཚོགས་སྦེ་ཤར་བའི་དུས་དང་། ཤིང་གི་ལོ་འདབ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ཧོ་ལྗོངས་ལྗོངས་སྦེམཛེས་ཆ་དང་ལྡནམ་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་དུས་ཅིག་ཨིན། དུས་འདི་ཁར་ གནམ་བྱཱར་གྱི་ལྕང་ལཱ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ལྕངམ་ཚུ་བཏབ་སྟེ་བཞག་པའི་ཁར་ ཚོད་བསྲེ་གི་ལྕང་སོན་ཚུ་ཡང་བཙུགས་པའི་དུས་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ།།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
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    <title>གླུ་གཞས་སྣ་ཚོགས།</title>
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      <text bytes="9582" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་བ་གོངམ་དང་ཕམ་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་གི་སྐུ་དང་དྲི་མ་ལས་ ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ གླུ་གཞས་ཀྱི་རིགས་ཚུ་ཡང་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཅན་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ངོ་རྟགས་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་སྦེ་་བརྩིས་ཏེ་ཡོད། རྒྱུ་མཚན་དེལས་བརྟེན་ ང་བཅས་ར་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་ཞིང་གཤེགས་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ་དུས་རྒྱུན་དུ་མ་ཉམས་པར་སྔར་ག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཞག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་གཞུང་ཟློས་གར་སློབ་སྦྱོང་ལྟེ་བ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་སྟེ་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་སྤྲོད་དང་སྤྲོད་བཞིན་དུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཞབས་ཁྲ་ཚུ་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ སྔོན་དང་ཕུ་ཕམ་དང་བློ་རིག་ཅན་ཚུ་གིས་ངག་ཐོག་ལས་བརྒྱུད་དེ་དར་ཁྱབ་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ གཞུང་སྒྲ་འབོད་སྒྲ་དང་རིག་གསར་ཟེར་ གླུ་གཞས་ཀྱི་དབྱངས་ཧན་པའི་ཁར་ཚིག་ཚུ་གིས་ ་མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་བསླབ་བྱ་བཟང་པོ་དང་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཚུགས་པའི་བརྡ་འཕྲོད་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དང་པགཞུང་སྒྲ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ཆོས་ལྡན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ཆོས་དང་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ལུགས་གཉིས་འགོ་དང་པ་དབུ་བརྙེས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན་བརྩི་སྲུང་མཛད་པའི་སྐབས་ གཞུང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཆ་མཉམ་འཛོམས་པའི་སྦུག་ལུ་ གླུ་གར་གྱི་མཆོད་པ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་ཡོད་པའི་གླུ་གཞས་འདི་ལུ་གཞུང་སྒྲ་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ འགོ་དང་པ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བའི་གཞུང་ལས་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་གཞུང་སྒྲ་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་པས། གཞུང་སྒྲ་འདི་ ཕ་མ་རྒན་རྒས་ཚུ་གིས་བཤད་མི་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྤྱི་གཟུགས་དམ་པ་དཔལ་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༡༦ ལུ་ ཆིབས་ཁ་ལྷོ་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་བའི་ཚེ་ལས་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་སྤང་རི་ཟམ་པ་ལུ་ཕེབས་ད་ ཝང་དང་ཅང་གི་མི་ཚུ་གིས་སྐུ་མདུན་ལུ་བཅར་ཏེ་ དགའ་སྟོན་རྩི་བའི་སྐབས་གླུ་གཞས་དང་པ་གཞུང་སྒྲ་མཚན་ལྡན་ཚོགས་པའི་ཚོགས་ལུགས་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཀུན་བཟང་འཕྲིན་ལས། (༢༠༡༦ ཤོག་གྲངས་༡༣)&lt;br&gt;
གཞུང་སྒྲ་གི་ཚིག་དེ་ཚུ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་བ་གོངམ་ཚུ་གིས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཚིག་དེ་ཚུ་ག་་ར་ ཆོས་དང་སྲིད། རྒྱལ་རབས།རྫོང་དང་ལྷ་ཁང་། གནས་བཤད་དང་ ཡུལ་གོང་མ་ཚུ་ལུ་བསྟོད་པའི་སྨོན་ཚིག་ཙང་ཙ་ར་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་གདངས་ཡང་རིངམོ་སྦེ་ཉནམ་ད་རྣ་བར་ཧན་ཞིང་བསམ་ད་ཡིད་ཁར་ཚིམ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོད་པའི་གླུ་གཞས་ཅིག་ཨིན། གླུ་གཞས་འཁྲབ་པའི་སྐབས་གྱལ་རིངམོ་སྦེ་གུས་ཞབས་དང་བཅས་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ཕུལཝ་ཨིན། གཞུང་སྒྲ་དེ་ཡང་་གཅིག་བ་གཅིག་ཧན་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་་ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་ཡང་ཉམས་སྐྱོན་མེད་པར་ཆུ་གི་རྒྱུན་བཟུམ་སྦེ་མ་ཆད་པར་དར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གཉིས་པ་ བོད་སྒྲ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སྔོན་དང་ཕུ་ལས་ར་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་བོད་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་ཐག་ཉེ་བའི་ཁར་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་ཚུ་ཡང་དུས་རྒྱུན་ར་འཐབ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བོད་ལུ་དར་ཁྱབ་འགྱོ་ཡོད་པའི་གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ་ ང་བཅས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དར་ཁྱབ་འགྱོཝ་ལས་ དེའི་རྟ་དྲངས་ཏེ་འཐེན་ནི་དང་རྐྱབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བོད་སྒྲ་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་པས། ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་གིས་སླབ་མིའི་ནང་ སྔོན་རྫོང་གཞིས་ཁག་ནང་ དཔོན་སློབ་དང་རྫོང་དཔོན་ཚུ་གི་འོག་ལུ་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་བར་ན་ རྒྱུན་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་མི་འབོད་སྒརཔ་ཚུ་གིས་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་འབོད་སྒྲ་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་ཟེར་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
གསུམ་པ་ རིག་གསར་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ དེང་སང་གི་དུས་འདི་ནང་ རང་ར་སོ་སོའི་རིག་པ་དང་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་གཡོག་བཀོལ་བའི་ཐོག་ལས་ གནས་སྟངས་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་གསར་རྩོམ་འབད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གདངས་དབྱངས་ཚུ་ཡང་སྟབས་བདེ་ཧིང་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་འཐེན་མི་ལུ་རིག་གསར་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་པས། ད་རེ་ནངས་པར་ མི་སློབ་ཡར་སེང་དང་འཁྲིལ་ རིག་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་གཅིག་བ་གཅིག་མཁསཔ་སྦེ་འཐོནམལས་ གླུ་གཞས་དེ་ཚུ་ཡུདཔ་ཐེངས་ཅིག་ནང་གསར་རྩོམ་མཛད་གནང་ཚུགས་པས། དེ་མ་ཚད་གདངས་དབྱངས་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཧན་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་རྩམ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རིག་གསར་ནང་ལུ་ གདངས་རིངམོ་སྦེ་འབད་མི་དང་ གདངས་སྟུམ་དྲགས་སྦེ་འབད་མི་ཅིག་དང་ཁག་གཉིས་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ སྟུམ་གླུ་ཟེར་གསརཔ་ཅིག་ཐོན་སྟེ་འདུག། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གླུ་གཞས་ག་ནི་བ་ཧན་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་ལེ་ཤ་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ནོ།།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཀུན་བཟང་འཕྲིན་ལས། (༢༠༡༦) གླུ་དེབ་གཞོན་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན།
# ཡོངས་འབྲེལ། (༢༠༡༥) https://dzongkharadiobbs.wordpress.com</text>
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    <title>སྟག་ཚང་སེང་གེ་བསམ་གྲུབ་རྫོང།</title>
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      <text bytes="6853" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;སངས་རྒྱས་གཉིས་པ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་གནང་བའི་སྦས་གནས་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ གཅིག་འདི་ སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་བྱིན་ཅན་དང་ཁྱད་དུ་འཕགས་པའི་གནས་མཆོག་སྟག་ཚང་དཔལ་ཕུག་གི་གནས་འདི་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གནས་འདི་ དད་པ་བསྐྱེད་ས་དང་བསོད་ནམས་བསགས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཞིང་མཆོག་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་སྦེའཛམ་གླིང་ནང་སྙན་གྲགས་སོང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Taktsang.png|thumb | '''སྟག་ཚང་སེང་གེ་བསམ་གྲུབ་རྫོང།''']]
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ དུས་རབས་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ སྟག་ཚང་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ རྡོ་རྗེ་གྲོ་ལོད་ཀྱི་སྐུར་བཞེངས་པའི་སྐབས་ མོན་མོ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཁྱེའུ་སྒྲོན་ཡང་ སྐུ་ལུས་འདོད་གུར་བསྒྱུར་བས་ སྟག་མོའི་ཚུལ་དུ་སྤྲུལ་ཏེ་ གདུག་པའི་བདུད་དང་དམ་སྲི་ག་ར་བཏུལ་ཏེ་དམ་ལུ་བཏགས་གནང་ནུག། གནས་དེ་དང་པ་ར་ མཁའ་འགྲོ་ཡེ་ཤེས་མཚོ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་རྣམ་ཐར་ལས། གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་བོད་མཆིམས་ཕུ་ལས་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་ཏེ་བོད་ཡུལ་ག་ར་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས། སྟག་ཚང་གསུམ་ སྐུའི་གནས་འོན་ཕུ་སྟག་ཚང། གསུང་གི་གནས་ཁམས་ཀྱི་སྟག་ཚང། ཐུགས་ཀྱི་གནས་མཆོག་དམ་པ་མོན་སྤ་གྲོ་སྟག་ཚང། ལུ་བྱོན་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ དང་པ་ར་ མོན་སྤ་གྲོ་སྟག་ཚང་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ གཏེར་ཐམས་ཅད་ལུང་བྱང་བཏབ་སྟེ་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་གནས་སྦེ་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་གནངམ་ལས། ལུང་བསྟན་དང་འཁྲིལ་པ་ཅིན་ གནས་འདི་ནང་འགོ་དང་པ་ག་གིས་བསྒྲུབ་རུང་ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོའི་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཐོབ་ཚུགས་ཟེར་གསུངས་ནུག། ཨོ་རྒྱན་གྱི་སློབ་དཔོན་ཆེན་པོ་པད་མ་སམ་བྷ་ཝ་གིས་ ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་པའི་གནས་ཆེན་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པ་ སྐུའི་གནས། གསུང་གི་གནས། ཐུགས་ཀྱི་གནས། ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་གནས།ཕྲིན་ལས་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚུ་ སློབ་དཔོན་ཆེན་པོ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གྲོ་ལོད་ཀྱི་སྐུར་བཞེངས་པའི་གནས་མཆོག་མོན་གྱི་སྤ་གྲོ་སྟག་ཚང་སྦེ་བརྩིཝ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
ལྷག་པར་དུ་ གུ་རུ་གིས་ལུང་བསྟན་གནངམ་བཞིན། (ཕན་བདེ་ལེགས་བཤད་དབང་ཕྱུག  (༢༠༡༥ ཤོགས་གྲངས་༡༤) འདི་ནས་མ་འོངས་ཐ་མའི་དུས༔ ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་སྤྲུལ་པ་རྣམ་ལྔ་འབྱེད༔ སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་ཡུན་དུ་བསྲིང༔ ཟེར་གསུངས་བཞིན་དུ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་ཡེ་ཤེས་མཚོ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ལྔ་མ་བྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་མཆོག་མོན་སེང་གེ་རྫོང་ལས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཁྱེའུ་སྒྲོན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ སྤ་གྲོ་སྟག་ཚང་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་རང་དོན་གྱི་དཀའ་བ་མཐའ་མ་བདེ་སྟོང་ཟུང་འཇུག་ཐིག་ལེའི་དཀའ་བ་སྤྱད་དེ་ཚེ་དཔག་མེད་ཀྱི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་གྱི་ཞལ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ ཚེ་ལ་དབང་བའི་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཐོབ་པའི་གནས་རྩ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
སྟག་ཚང་འདི་ ཕྱི་ལས་ལྟཝ་ད་བྱག་གུར་འདྲོག་སི་སི་སྦེ་མཇལ་རུང། ནང་ན་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ ཕོ་བྲང་ག་ནི་བ་དགའ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ནང་རྟེན་ཚུ་ཡང་གཅིག་བ་གཅིག་རྩ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་མཇལ་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་གྱི་ལྟ་བཤལཔ་ཚུ་དུས་ཨ་རྟག་ར་དུས་ཚོད་བཏོན་ཏེ་ སྟག་ཚང་གི་གནས་རྩ་ཅན་འདི་མཇལ་བར་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཕན་བདེ་ལེགས་བཤད་དབང་ཕྱུག། (༢༠༡༥) གནས་ཡིག་ཀུན་ཕན་ལམ་སྟོན།
# ཕན་དེ་ལེགས་བཤད་དབང་ཕྱུག (༢༠༡༥) གནས་ཡིག་ཀུན་ཕན་ལམ་སྟོན།</text>
      <sha1>mct83kvqwgx3kwto0cvy464g3haojf9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྟ་མགོ་ཆོས་དབྱིངས་ཕོ་བྲང་།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4758</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29263</id>
      <parentid>29077</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-06-04T12:56:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>1234qwer1234qwer4</username>
        <id>4027</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/AljaWiki290702|AljaWiki290702]] ([[User talk:AljaWiki290702|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Rpel|Rpel]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="11947" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;རྟ་མགོ་ཆོས་དབྱིངས་ཕོ་བྲང་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་དང་མཆོད་པ་ཕུལ་སའི་གནས་རྩ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་ལྟ་བཤལཔ་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ར་གནས་དེ་ཁར་འཕྲལ་འཕྲལ་སྦེ་ར་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་དང་འབྲེལ་གནས་རྩ་ཆེན་ཚུ་མཇལ་བར་འོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། གནས་དེ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ལས་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༡༤ ལྷག་ཙམ་ཅིག་འོངམ་ད་ གནས་འདི་དགའ་ལྡན་ལྷའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་འཇིག་རྟེན་མི་ཡུལ་ལུ་ཆགས་ཆགསཔ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཡ་མཚན་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་མཇལ་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Tago_choeing.png|thumb | '''རྟ་མགོ་ཆོས་དབྱིངས་ཕོ་བྲང་།''']]
&lt;big&gt;རྟ་མགོ་ཟེར་ཞུ་གོ་མི་དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་བ་ཀུན་གྱི་སྤྱི་གཟུགས་འཕགས་པ་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་མཆོག་ ཁྲོ་རྒྱལ་རྟ་མཆོག་རོལ་པའི་སྐུ་བྱག་རི་གི་རྣམ་པ་ལུ་འབྱོན་མིའི་གུར་བྱག་གི་རྣམ་པ་ཡང་རྟའི་མགུ་ཏོ་བཟུམ་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིནམ་དང་ རྟའི་མགུ་ཏོ་འདི་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་མ་ཉམས་པར་མཇལ་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། གནས་ཀྱི་མཇུག་ལུ་ཙན་དན་ཤིང་གསུམ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་གིས་ལྷོ་ལྗོངས་འདི་ནང་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཁྱབ་འབྱུང་ནིའི་སྨོན་ལམ་གྱི་མཚམས་སྦྱར་ཏེ་ ཕྱག་འཁར་ས་ཁར་བརྡབས་མི་དེ་ལས་སྐྱེས་སྐྱེསཝ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཞིང་ཁམས་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་བཞེངས་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན་ཟེར་བཤདཔ་མས། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་ཡང་ སྔོན་ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་གིས་དུས་རབས་ ༡༣ པའི་ནང་ ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་དང་མཁའ་འགྲོ་བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་སྒྲོན་གཉིས་ ལུང་བསྟན་གྱི་ས་གནས་རྡོ་གདན་ན་ལུ་ བྱ་ནག་ཟམ་པ་ཟེར་སར་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ ཡུལ་ལྷ་ཚུ་གིས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལུ་དམིངས་ཏེ་གླང་པོ་ཆེ་དང་གསེར་ཉ་ཚུ་འབུལ་བ་སྦེ་ཕུལཝ་ད་ རྟ་མགོ་འཛིན་གྲྭ་དགུ་པའི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཐེངས་ ༡༧ པ་ཡོངས་(༢༠༡༤ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧,༨,༩) མ་འོངས་བསྟན་པ་དང་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ གནས་སྦེ་་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་གནང་སྟེ་ ད་རེས་ས་གནས་དེ་ཁར་དེ་ཚུ་ཉམས་སྐྱོན་མེད་པར་གསལ་རི་རི་སྦེ་མཇལ་ཚུགས་པས། དེ་ཚུ་གི་རྟགས་མཚན་ཡང་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ར་བཤད་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གླང་པོ་ཆེ་འདི་ བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ཁྱབ་པའི་རྟགས་མཚན་དང། དུང་དཀར་གཡས་འཁྱིལ་འདི་ དཔལ་འབྲུག་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྙན་གྲགས་ལུ་ཁྱབ་པའི་རྟགས། གསེར་ཉ་འདི་ བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་སྐྱེས་བུ་ཚུ་ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་མིག་གསལ་བའི་རྟགས། ནོར་བུ་ནེའུ་ལེ་འདི་ སྤྱིར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ རྒྱུན་མ་ཆད་པར་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགསཔ་སྦེ་་འབྱུང་བའི་རྟགས་མཚན་ཨིན་པས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ད་ལྟོ་ང་བཅས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་མི་འདི་ཡང་ ནོར་བུ་འདི་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེཨིན་པས། མི་ཚུ་གིས་སླབ་མིའི་ནང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ད་ལྟོ་རྟ་མགོ་ཆོས་དབྱིངས་ཕོ་བྲང་གི་མཐའ་མ་ལས་ཕར་སྦུལ་རྩ་ལས་ར་མཐོང་ནི་མེད་མི་དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་གྲོ་ལུང་མགོན་པ་ལུ་ ཀླུ་གདུག་ཅན་སྦུལ་མེ་ལུ་སྤྲུལ་ཏེ་འོང་ས་མཐོང་སྟེ་ དྲོ་པ་གནམ་ནངས་སོཔ་ལས་ རྡོའི་གཟུགས་ལུ་སྤྲུལ་ཏེ་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡང་རྡོ་བྱ་ཁྱུང་ཟེར་མཇལ་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་གི་འོག་ལུ་ར་བདེ་བའི་ཕོ་བྲང་ཟེར་བའི་མཆོད་རྟེན་ཅིག་མཇལ་ནི་འདུག། མཆོད་རྟེན་དེ་ ཧེ་མ་ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་མཆོག་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གཙང་པ་རྒྱ་རས་ཀྱི་ལུང་བསྟན་བཞིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པར་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་ཏེ་ བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་གནང་སྟེ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་སྒྲོན་དང་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་གདུང་གི་ཆོ་ག་མཛདཔ་ད་ མཁའ་འགྲོའི་གསང་བའི་བྷ་ག་དང་ཕྱག་ཞབས་ཀྱི་རྗེས་ཚུ་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཆོད་རྟེན་གྱི་མཚན་ལུ་བདེ་བའི་ཕོ་བྲང་ཟེར་ཞུཝ་ཨིན་པས། འདི་་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་ ས་གནས་དེ་ཁར་གནས་བྱིན་བརླབས་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ལེ་ཤ་ར་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
རྟ་མགོ་གནས་ཀྱི་ལྷ་ཁང་གི་འོག་ཐོག་ལུ་ རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་རྟ་མགྲིན་གསུང་བྱོནམ་དང་ ཡི་དམ་ལྷ་ཚོགས་མཇལ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཤལ་རྡོ་ གདུང་སྲས་ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱིས་ ཕ་ཇོ་སྡིངས་ཐུགས་རྗེ་བྲག་ལས་གཏེར་བཞེས་མི་ རྟ་མགྲིན་ཞལ་གསུམ་མ་ཕུར་གཤམ་ཅན་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་ ནང་རྟེན་བསམ་གྱིས་མི་ཁྱབ་པ་ཅིག་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ རྟ་མགོའི་སྒྲུབ་ཕུག་ནང་ དཔལ་ཡེ་ཤེས་མགོན་པོའི་བསྙེན་སྒྲུབ་གནང་བཞུགས་སའི་དགོན་ཁང་རྩ་ཅན་དང་ དབུ་རྩེ་ཐོག་གསུམ་འབད་མིའི་ཐོག་འདི་ནང་ རྟེན་་གཙོ་བོ་ བལ་ཡུལ་གྱི་བཟོ་བོ་པན་ཙན་དེ་བ་གིས་བཞེངས་མི་སྨོན་ལམ་གང་བཏབ་ཀྱི་ཐུབ་པ་ཤཱཀྱ་རྒྱལ་པོའི་སྐུ་འདྲ་དང་ དེའི་གཡས་གཡོན་ལུ་སངས་རྒྱས་མར་མེ་མཛད་དང་བྱམས་པ་མགོན་པོའི་སྐུ་འདྲ། དེ་ལས་ མིའི་ཚད་ཙམ་རེ་འབད་་མི་ཉེ་བའི་སྲས་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ཚུ་དང་མགོན་ཁང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། བར་ཐོག་ལོངས་སྐུའི་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ བཟོ་བོ་པན་ཙན་དེ་བའི་ཕྱག་བཟོ་ཨིན་མི་རྟེན་གྱི་གཙོ་བོ་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་དང་ གཡས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་གུ་རུའི་ལྷ་ཁང་ གཡོན་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་རྣམ་སྲས་ཕོ་བྲང་གི་ལྷ་ཁང་ཨིན་མས། སྟེང་ཐོག་ཆོས་སྐུའི་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ ནང་རྟེན་གཙོ་བོ་མགོན་པོ་ཚེ་དཔག་མེད་དང་ གཡས་གཡོན་ལུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ཚུ་མཇལ་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# རྟ་མགོ་འཛིན་གྲྭ་དགུ་པའི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཐེངས་ ༡༧ པ་ཡོངས། (༢༠༡༤)བཤད་སྒྲུབ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འབྱུང་གནས་རྟ་མགོ་ཆོས་དབྱིངས་རྫོང་གི་གནས་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྟོན་བསྡུས་པ་བཞུགས་སོ།།
# རྟ་མགོ་འཛིན་གྲྭ་དགུ་པའི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཐེངས་ ༡༧ པ་ཡོངས།. (༢༠༡༤). བཤད་སྒྲུབ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འབྱུང་གནས།.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>གཏུམ་རྔམ་འཆམ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>29009</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-01T05:45:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;གཏུམ་རྔམ་གྱི་འཆམ་འདི་ ཞལ་འབགཔ་ཁྲོ་ཉམས་ཅན་དང་  འཇིགས་སྣང་དང་བཅས་པའི་ཁར་ འཆམ་གོ་གི་བཀྲག་མདངས་ཚུ་ཡང་ གནམ་ཕྱི་རུ་ མེ་ཆག་བཏེག་བཏེགཔ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་མཇལཝ་ཨིན། སྐུ་འཆམ་འདི་བྱི...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="9916" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;གཏུམ་རྔམ་གྱི་འཆམ་འདི་ ཞལ་འབགཔ་ཁྲོ་ཉམས་ཅན་དང་  འཇིགས་སྣང་དང་བཅས་པའི་ཁར་ འཆམ་གོ་གི་བཀྲག་མདངས་ཚུ་ཡང་ གནམ་ཕྱི་རུ་ མེ་ཆག་བཏེག་བཏེགཔ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་མཇལཝ་ཨིན། སྐུ་འཆམ་འདི་བྱིན་བརླབས་ཆེ་བའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་བཤད་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ དེ་ཡང་ གུ་རུ་གཙོ་འཁོར་དང་བཅས་པ་སྙིང་རྗེ་ཁྲོས་པའི་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས་ཁྲོ་བོའི་སྐུར་བཞེངས་ཏེ་འབྱོནམ་ཨིན་པས། མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། (༢༠༡༨ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༨༥) སྐུ་འཆམ་འདི་མཇལཝ་ཙམ་ཅིག་གིས་ང་བཅས་རའི་སེམས་ཁར་ཚོར་སྣང་མ་འདྲཝ་ཅིག་ར་ཤར་ཏེ་འོངམ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;  
[[File:Chham.png|thumb | '''གཏུམ་རྔམ་འཆམ།''']]
&lt;big&gt;གར་འཆམ་འདི་ལུ་ གཏུམ་རྔམ་ཟེར་ཞུ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གཏུམ་ཞིང་ཁྲོ་ཉམས་ཅན་གྱི་སྐུར་བཞེངས་ཏེ་ འཇིག་རྟེན་འཛམ་གླིང་འདི་ནང་དྲག་པོའི་འཕྲིན་ལས་མཛད་པར་བྱོན་པའི་གར་འཆམ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ གཏུམ་རྔམ་ཟེར་ཞུཝ་ཨིན་མས། སྐུ་འཆམ་དེ་ཡང་ གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་རྐྱབ་མི་ཅིག་དང་ དགོན་སྡེ་ཁག་ཚུ་ནང་རྐྱབ་མི་གཉིས་འདུག། གར་འཆམ་དེ་ཡང་ རྡོ་རྗེ་གཏུམ་པོ་ཁྲོ་བཅུ་དང་ པད་མ་ཐོད་ཕྲེང་འཁོར་དང་བཅས་པ་ དེ་ལས་ གཏེར་ཆེན་པད་མ་གླིང་པ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་བོད་མཚལ་མདོ་ཁྲ་རིང་ལས་སྤྱན་དྲངས་གནང་ནུག། གར་འཆམ་གྱི་ཞལ་འབགཔ་གི་གོ་རིམ་ཡང། ༡༽ གཙོ་བོ་པད་མ་བཛྲ་དང། ༢༽ བུདྷཱ་ཐོད་ཕྲེང། ༣༽ མི་བསྐྱོད་རྡོ་རྗེ། ༤༽ པད་མ་དབང་ཆེན། ༥༽ རིག་འཛིན་ཐོད་པ་རྩལ། ༦༽ དྲག་པོ་མེ་ཕྲེང། ༧༽ སངས་རྒྱས་དཔའ་བོ། ༨༽ རྟ་མགྲིན་དབང་ཆེན། ༩༽ ལག་ན་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་བཅས་ལྷ་ཚོགས་དགུ་དང། ༡༠༽ སྤྲུལ་པ་དང། ༡༡༽ ཡང་སྤྲུལ་དང། ༡༢༽ ཉིང་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་དང། ༡༣༽ ཆོས་སྐྱོང་རྟ་ནག་ལྕགས་ཀྱི་རལ་པ་ཅན་བཅས་ བཅུ་གསུམ་འབྱོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སྐུ་འཆམ་འདི་གི་ཕན་ཡོན་ཚུ་ལེ་ཤ་ར་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོད་ས་ལས་གཅིག་ཞུ་བ་ཅིན། མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། (༢༠༡༨ ཤོག་གྲངས་༨༧) དེ་ཡང་ བོད་ལྷོ་བྲག་སྨན་མདོའི་གཏེར་ལས། དམ་ལས་ལྡོག་ན་མཆེད་ཀྱང་རུང་ལ། །གནོད་པར་བྱས་ན་ལྷ་ཡང་རུང་སྟེ་བསྒྲལ་བར་བྱའོ།། བར་དུ་གཅོད་པར་བྱས་པ་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ལྷ་ཆེན་པོ་མ་ཧཱ་དེ་བ་ཡང་སྒྲོལ་ནུས་ན་གཞན་ལྟ་ཅི་སྨོས། ཟེར་གསུངས་དོ་བཟུམ་ མ་རུང་གདུག་པ་ཅན་དང་དགྲ་བགེགས་ཚུ་ཞི་བའི་འཕྲིན་ལས་ཀྱིས་འདུལ་ཐབས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་བ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་སྤྱི་གཟུགས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་མ་ཧཱ་གུ་རུ་གིས་ དབང་དང་དྲག་པོ་གཏུམ་རྔམ་གྱི་སྐུར་བཞེངས་ཏེ་ ཁྲོ་བའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་གར་དགུ་ཟེར། ལུས་ཀྱི་ཉམས་གསུམ། ངག་གི་ཉམས་གསུམ། ཡིད་ཀྱི་ཉམས་གསུམ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ དམ་ཚིག་ལས་འདས་མི་ཚུ་ རྣམ་ཤེས་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་སུ་བསྟིམས། ཤ་ཁྲག་བདུད་རྩི་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ལུ་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ལྷ་ཚོགས་ཚུ་གི་ཞལ་ལུ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་དར་བའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
=== སྤྲུལ་པའི་གིང་དང་ཚོགས་གླིང། ===
&lt;big&gt;སྤྲུལ་པའི་གིང་དང་ཚོགས་གླིང་གི་སྐུ་འཆམ་དེ་ ཕོ་བརྒྱུད་དང་མོ་བརྒྱུད་ཚུ་ཟངས་མདོག་དཔལ་རིའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་བཀོད་ཚུགས་པའི་བྱིན་བརླབས་དང་ནུས་པ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ སྤྲུལ་པའི་གིང་དང་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་ཕོ་བརྒྱུད་མོ་བརྒྱུད་ཚུ་གིས་ལིང་ག་བསྒྲལ་བའི་ལས་ལུ་ཞུགས་པའི་འཆམ་གཉིས་གཅིག་ཁར་འཐོན་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྤྲུལ་པའི་གིང་དང་ཚོགས་ལིང་ཟེར་ཞུཝ་ཨིན་པས། གར་འཆམ་འདི་གཙོ་བོ་ བསྟན་པའི་བར་ཆད་ཞི་སྟེ་ སེམས་ཅན་དེ་ཚུ་ལུ་བདེ་སྐྱིད་འབྱུང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་མཛད་གནང་གནངམ་དང། དུས་རབས་བརྒྱད་པའི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་པོ་ཁྲི་སྲོང་ལྡེའུ་བཙན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པའི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་བཞེངས་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་གྱི་བཀོད་པ་སྟོན་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ བར་ཆད་རྐྱབ་མི་ལྷ་འདྲེ་ཚུ་དམ་ལུ་བཏགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཐུགས་དགོངས་གྲུབ་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ལས་བརྩམས་ཏེ་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
ཚེས་བཅུའི་སྐབས་ སྐུ་འཆམ་འདི་མཇལ་བའི་སྐབས་འཆམ་རྐྱབ་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ མི་མང་ལུ་རྔས་ཏོག་གིས་དྲངས་མི་འདི་ཡང་ གསོན་པོ་དང་གཤིན་པོ་གི་འདྲེ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ བདའ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ དྲག་པོའི་བཀའ་བསྒོ་གནང་བའི་ཚུལ་ཨིན་པས། གར་འཆམ་འདི་མཇལཝ་ཙམ་ཅིག་གིས་ ཕྱིའི་དགྲ་དང་བགེགས་དེ་ཚུ་འདྲོག་བཅུག་སྟེ་ཟིལ་གིས་གནོན་ནི་དང་ དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ གནས་སྐབས་གློ་བུར་གྱི་རྐྱེན་ངན་དེ་ཚུ་བཟློགཔ་མ་ཚད་ མཐར་ཐུག་ཟངས་མདོག་དཔལ་རིའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་ལུ་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་འཁོར་སྡེའི་གྲངས་སུ་ སྐྱེ་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ནོ།།
&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། (༢༠༡༨) འབྲུག་གི་ཚེས་བཅུའི་གར་འཆམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ།
# མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། (༢༠༡༨) འབྲུག་གི་ཚེས་བཅུའི་གར་འཆམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ། ཐིམ་ཕུག།
# མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། (༢༠༡༨) འབྲུག་གི་ཚེས་བཅུའི་གར་འཆམ།.</text>
      <sha1>12dod0fkzqo58oq74weckdvskemqmia</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>བཟའ་བཅའ་འགྲོ་གསུམ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4760</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29010</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-01T05:47:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;སྤྱིར་བཏང་བཟའ་བཅའ་འགྲོ་གསུམ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ བྱ་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་དེ་ཡང་མི་ག་ར་ལུ་ དུས་རྒྱུན་དུ་ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་བྱ་བ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ང་བཅས་ར་དུས་རྒྱུན་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དགོ་པ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="10810" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;སྤྱིར་བཏང་བཟའ་བཅའ་འགྲོ་གསུམ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ བྱ་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་དེ་ཡང་མི་ག་ར་ལུ་ དུས་རྒྱུན་དུ་ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་བྱ་བ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ང་བཅས་ར་དུས་རྒྱུན་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དགོ་པའི་ལཱ་ཅིག་ཨིན། འདི་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་གིས་མ་དོ་བར་ འབད་གཞག་བཅའ་གཞག་ཟེར་ལཱ་འབད་ཐངས་དང་བཅའ་གཞི་སྒྲིག་ཐངས་ཚུ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་འདི་ནང་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན། འབད་གཞག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ མི་མང་གི་གདོང་ཁར་མཛེས་ཏོག་ཏོ་མཐོང་ནི་དང་ རང་ཡང་བཟང་ལྷམ་ལྷམ་སྦེ་འཐུས་ཤོར་མེད་པར་འབད་ཚུགས་པས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ལམ་འགྱོ་ཐངས་དང་མིག་ཏོ་ལྟ་ཐངས་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་གཟབ་གཟབ་སྦེ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་གི་ནང་གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དང་པ་བཟའ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ བཟའ་འཐུང་གི་རིགས་ག་ཅི་ར་ཨིན་རུང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་སེམས་ལྡན་གྱི་ཤ་ཁྲག་ཕུང་པོ་འདི་འཚོ་བ་བཟའ་འཐུང་་ལུ་བརྟེན་དགོཔ་ལས་ དེ་མེདན་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་བྱ་བ་ག་ནི་ཡང་འབད་མི་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་ འཚོ་བ་གཙང་སྦྲ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཟས་འདི་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ད་ ཟས་ཀྱི་ནང་ལས་གཙོ་བོ་ རང་གི་གཟུགས་ཁམས་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་ལུ་ཕན་པའི་ཟས་མ་གཏོགས་ རོགས་ལུ་ངོམ་སྟོན་ནི་དང་ ཟས་འགྲོ་སྦོམ་བཏང་སྟེ་ཟས་ལེགས་ཤོམ་གྱི་སྦུག་ལས་ལེགས་ཤོམ་འཚོལ་ཏེ་ རང་གི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ཆུད་ཟད་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་འབད་ནི་མི་འོང། ཟས་ཀྱི་རིགས་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ རང་མ་ཟ་བའི་ཧེ་མར་ དཀོན་མཆོག་ལུ་ཕུལ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ མཆོད་བཤམ་ཡོདན་མཆོད་ཁྲི་གུར་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ཆབ་སྦྲོན་དགོ། གལ་སྲིད་ལྟོ་ཕུད་ཕུལ་ས་མེད་པ་ཅིན་ལྟོ་མཆོད་བཏང་སྟེ་མ་གཏོགས་ཟ་ནི་མེད། བཞེས་སྒོ་ཚུ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་དཀོན་མཆོག་ལུ་ཕུད་ཕུལ་ནི་མེན་པར་ གོ་ལ་གསརཔ་ཅིག་འབད་རུང་རང་མ་གྱོན་པའི་ཧེ་མར་དཀོན་མཆོག་ལུ་ཕུལ་དགོ། ས་གནས་དགའ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་མཐོང་རུང་དཀོན་མཆོག་ལུ་ཕུལ་དགོཔ་འདི་གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
བཞེས་སྒོ་ཟ་བའི་སྐབས་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཅིག་ཐོབ་པ་ཅིན་ ཚད་མེདཔ་སྦེ་ཕོཝ་དྲང་ཐལ་ཐལ་ར་ཟ་ནི་མེན་པར་ རྒྱལ་བ་གོང་མ་གིས་གསུང་སྲོལ་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་ ཕོཝ་དཔྱ་གསུམ་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ དཔྱ་གཅིག་ཟས་ཀྱིས་བཀང། དཔྱ་གཅིག་ཆུ་གིས་བཀང། དཔྱ་གཅིག་སྟོངམ་སྦེ་བཞག་པ་ཅིན་ ལུས་བདེ་བའི་ཁར་མནོ་བསམ་གཏང་ནི་གི་རིག་པ་དྭངས། ལཱ་འབད་ནི་གི་ལུས་རྩལ་བདེ་ཟེར་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཚུལ་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་ཟ་དགོ། དམ་ཆོས་འདུལ་བའི་མདོ་ལས། རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན། (༡༩༩༩ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༨༥) ཟས་རྣམས་ལྷུང་བཟེད་ཁ་ལས་མཐོར་མི་ལེན། །འབྲས་ཆེན་ཚོད་མ་མང་ཉུང་མཉམ་པར་ལེན། །གྲལ་རིམ་ཐར་ཆགས་སྔ་ཕྱི་མེད་པར་ལེན། །བླང་ཆེ་མི་གཡེང་ལྷུང་བཟེད་མིག་གིས་བལྟ།། ཟེར་གསུང་དོ་བཟུམ་ཟ་ལུགས་ཚུལ་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་ཟ་དགོཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ནང་ ཐ་ན་བཞེས་ཆ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་དབྱེ་རིམ་དང་ཐོབ་ཐང་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་དྲང་དགོཔ་ཨིན་པས། འདི་ནང་ལས་མཐོ་སྐལ་ཐོབ་ཐང་འདི་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་སྐྱབས་རྗེ་མཆོག་ལས་གཞན་ལུ་ཐོབ་ཐང་མེད། གལ་སྲིད་ང་བཅས་ཚུ་གཉིས་སྐལ་མའི་གོ་གནས་ཅན་ཡན་ཆད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལུ་ ལྟོ་ཟ་དགོཔ་འཐོནམ་ད་ ཧེ་མ་འབདན་ལྟོ་རས་ཀྱི་ནང་ཟ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྔ་གོང་གི་གནང་བ་ཞུ་མི་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ ཤིང་ཀྲོ་ནང་བཅད་དེ་འབག་འོངམ་ཨིན། བཞེས་སྒོ་ཟ་བའི་སྐབས་ལྟོ་ལྷག་མཇུག་ཅིག་ཡང་མེད་པར་སྤུས་ཏེ་ཟ་བ་ཅིན་ ཧེ་མ་འདི་བཟུམ་གྱི་ཟས་ཐོབ་ར་མ་ཐོབ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ལྟོ་ལེ་ཅན་སྦེ་ སྒྲིག་མེད་པའི་གྲངས་སུ་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གཉིས་པ་བཅའ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་ནང་ལུ་ཁག་ཆེ་ཤོས་འདི་ར་ འབད་གཞག་བཅའ་གཞག་འདི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ལཱ་འབད་ཐངས་དང་འབད་གཞག་ཚུ་རོ་གི་མིག་ཁར་ཚུད་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་རང་ལུ་འབད་གཞག་བཅའ་གཞག་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ ཕྱི་རོགས་ཀྱིས་བལྟ་རུང་བཟང་ལྷམ་ལྷམ་དང་རང་ཡང་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ གྲ་ཁིག་ཁི་སྦེ་འཐུས་ཤོར་མེད་པར་འབད་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གསུམ་པ་འགྲོ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ མིག་ཏོ་ལྟ་ཐངས། སར་སྡོད་ཐངས། གཡོག་འབད་ཐངས། ལམ་འགྱོ་ཐངས་ཚུ་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན། མིག་ཏོ་ལྟ་བའི་སྐབས་བྱམས་ཤིང་གཅེས་པ། བརྩེ་ཞིང་ཕངས་པ། མཛེས་ཤིང་ཡིད་ཁར་འོང་བ། ཁྲོ་ཞིང་རྩུབ་པ། ཞི་ཞིང་འདུལ་བའི་ལྟ་ཐངས་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ས་ཁར་སྡོད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ ཕྲང་ཕྲང་ར་གྱལ་གོང་དང་མཐོ་ས་མ་བསྒྱིམས་པར་ ས་ག་ཏེ་ར་འབད་རུང་དམའ་ས་དང་གྱལ་མཇུག་བསྒྱིམས་ཏེ་སྡོད་དགོ། དེ་མ་ཚད་ དུས་ནམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ ཨམ་ཀྲིང་ཀྲི་སྦེ་སྐེདཔ་ཕྲང་སྟེ་མེན་པར་ དཔྱེ་གླངམོ་ཆེ་གི་མཆེཝ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་གུས་ཞབས་དང་སྒྲིག་དང་ལྡནམ་སྦེ་སྡོད་དགོ། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་གི་ཐོག་ལས་སྡོད་པ་ཅིན་ ལྷ་ཡུལ་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ་དང་འདྲ་བའི་དབྱར་རྔའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱིས་དབང་ཚུགས་ནི་འདི་ཕར་བཞག་ ཐ་ན་གནོད་པ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ར་བཀལ་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་དགའ་བ་དང་སྐྱིད་པའི་ཉི་མ་ཤར་ནི་ཨིན་ནོ།།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན། (༡༩༩༩) སྒྲིག་ལམ་རྣམ་གཞག་གི་དེབ་ཐེར་ནོར་བུའི་འཕྲེང་བ།</text>
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    <title>ཞྭ་ནག་འཆམ།</title>
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      <text bytes="9157" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ རྒྱུད་སྡེ་སོ་སོའི་ནང་ དཔའ་བོ་དཔའ་མོའི་གར་འཆམ་གྱི་རྣམ་གཞག་ལེ་ཤ་ར་ བསྟན་པའི་བདག་པོ་སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱིས་དངོས་སུ་སྦེ་གསུངས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གར་འཆམ་གྱི་སྲོལ་གཏོད་པ་པོ་དེ་ དང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ལུ་ཐུགཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་རང་གི་ལུས་ལྷ་སྐུའི་རྣམ་པ་ལུ་གྱུར་བའི་མཚན་ཉིད་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན་པས། གར་འཆམ་ཟེར་ཞུ་དགོ་མི་དེ་ཡང་ ལགཔ་ལྷའི་ཕྱག་རྒྱ་དང་མཐུན་པའི་གར་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་ རྐངམ་ལྷའི་སྐུ་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་འགྱུར་དང་མཐུན་པའི་ འགྲོས་ཀྱི་འཆམ་པའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན་པས། གར་འཆམ་དེ་ལུ་ཡང་ དབྱེ་བ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ར་འདུག། དེ་ཡང་ དཔའ་བོའི་གར་འཆམ། ཁྲོ་བོའི་གར་འཆམ། དཔའ་མོའི་གར་འཆམ། ཁྲོ་མོའི་གར་འཆམ་ཟེར་དབྱེ་བ་སོ་སོར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Zhana_chham.png|thumb | '''ཞྭ་ནག་འཆམ།''']]
&lt;big&gt;གར་འཆམ་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་ ཞྭ་ནག་འཆམ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ཞྭ་ནག་ཉེར་གཅིགམ་ཟེར་ གྱངས་ཁ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་གནང་བའི་གར་འཆམ་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཞྭ་ནག་ཟེར་ཞུ་གོ་མི་དེ་ཡང་ འཆམ་འདི་གནང་བའི་སྐབས་དབུ་ཞྭ་གནགཔོ་བཞེས་པའི་ཁར་ རྔ་ཆུང་རེ་རེ་ཕྱག་ལུ་བསྣམས་ཏེ་གནང་མི་ལུ་ཞྭ་ནག་རྔ་འཆམ་ཟེར་ཞུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཞྭ་ནག་འཆམ་ལུ་ཡང་ཆོག་གི་ཞྭ་ནག་དང་ བྲོ་རྡུང་གི་ཞྭ་ནག་ཟེར་གཉིས་སྦེ་དབྱེ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཞྭ་ནག་གི་གར་འཆམ་དེ་་ ཡང་སྤྲུལ་ ༢༡ གི་དབང་དུ་བཏང་སྟེ་འཆམ་གནངམ་ཨིན། འཆམ་རྐྱབ་མི་དེ་ཚུ་ ཕྱག་གཡོན་པ་ལུ་ཤེས་རབ་མཚོན་པའི་བརྡ་ལུ་རྔ་ཆུང་དང་ ཕྱག་གཡས་པ་ལུ་ཐབས་ཀྱི་རྔསཏོག་བསྣམས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དེ་གཉིས་ཟུང་འཇུག་གི་ཐོག་ལུ་རྡུང་བའི་སྐབས་ ཡེ་ཤེས་པའི་ཁྲོ་བོའི་ལྷ་ཚོགས་ཚུ་ག་ར་སྤྱན་དྲངས་ཏེ་ འདོད་གསོལ་ཞུ་མི་དེ་ཡང་བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་ རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཤིང་གི་དྲུང་ལུ་ བདུད་ཀྱི་དཔུང་ཚོགས་བཏུལ་གནང་བའི་སྐབས་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ མིག་གིས་མ་མཐོང་བའི་འདྲེ་སྲིན་ཚུ་བཏུལ་བའི་དུས་ལུ་བབས་ཏེ་ བརྩེ་བའི་སྒོ་ལས་འབྱོན་གནང་ཟེར་བའི་གསོལ་འདེབས་དང་བཅས་པའི་ སྐུ་འཆམ་གནང་སྟེ་དགྲ་བགེགས་ཚུ་བསྒྲལ་ཏེ་ ཞི་བདེ་ལུ་བཀོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་བཤད་དེ་ཡོད། རྒྱུད་ལས་ཡང། དེ་ཕྱིར་སྙིང་རྗེ་བསྐྱེད་པར་བྱ།། ཞེས་དང་། བསྒྲལ་བའི་ཞིང་དེའང་ཕན་བདེའི་རྒྱུར་འགྱུར་བ་སྟེ་འདི་དག་བསྒྲལ་བར་བྱས་ནས་ནི། དམྱལ་བའི་གནས་སུ་ཡུན་ཐུང་འགྱུར།། ཟེར་གསུང་དོ་བཟུམ་ བསྟན་འགྲོ་ལུ་གནོད་པའི་ཞིང་བཅུ་ཚང་བའི་དགྲ་བགེགས་ག་་ར་ཐལ་བར་བརླག་དོ་ཟེར་བའི་བརྡ་སྟོནམ་ཨིན་མས། མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། (༢༠༡༨ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༦༢)&lt;br&gt;
གར་འཆམ་གནང་བའི་སྐབས་ འཆམ་པ་ཚུ་གིས་རྔ་བརྡུང་དགོ་པའི་ཚུལ་དེ་ཡང་ འདྲེ་སྲིན་གདུག་ཅན་ཚུ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་པའི་རྟགས་མཚན་སྟོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཞྭམོ་གནགཔོ་བཙུགས་དགོ་མི་དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁམས་ཀྱི་གནས་སྟངས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་བརྡ་སྟོནམ་ཨིན། འཆམ་གོའི་མིང་ཡང་ཕོད་ཀ་ཟེར་ རྒྱུ་གྲུ་ཙི་ལས་གྲུབ་པའི་འཆམ་གོ་རིངམོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ཚོས་གཞི་རྣམ་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་བཟོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ པར་རིས་ཚུ་ཡང་མཛེས་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་་རི་མོ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོད། &lt;br&gt;
འཆམ་དེ་ཡང་ འདས་པའི་ལོ་ ༨༣༦ གི་ཧེ་མ་ རྒྱལ་པོ་དར་མ་གིས་ཁོ་རའི་ཕོ་རྒནམ་བཀྲོངས་ཏེ་ ལོ་དྲུག་གི་རིང་ལུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྐྱོང་སྟེ་སྡོདཔ་ད་ ལྷ་ལུང་དཔལ་གྱི་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་རྒྱལཔོ་དར་མ་བཀྲོངས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱལཔོ་དར་མ་གིས་དམག་རྒྱབ་ཚུ་གིས་ངོ་མི་ཤེས་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཁོ་རའི་ཆིབས་རྟ་དཀརཔོ་འདི་དང་ཁོ་ར་ སོལ་མོ་གིས་གནགཔོ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ ཕྱག་མདའ་གནང་སྟེ་རྒྱལཔོ་དར་མ་བཀྲོངས་ནུག། མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། ( ༢༠༡༨ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༦༠) དེ་ལས་ཁོ་ར་དང་ཆིབས་རྟ་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ཆུ་ཤལ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་གཞན་མི་དམག་རྒྱབ་ཚུ་གིས་གནོད་མ་ཚུགས་པས། རྒྱུ་མཚན་འདི་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ད་རེས་ཞྭ་ནག་འཆམ་འདི་ཡང་དེ་སྦེ་བྱུང་ནུག། འཆམ་འདི་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་བཞུགས་མི་དགེ་སློང་ཚུ་གིས་གནངམ་ཨིན་ནོ།།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། ༢༠༡༨ འབྲུག་པའི་གར་འཆམ་ངོ་སྤྲོད་འཁོར་འདས་ལམ་སྟོན།
# མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར། ༢༠༡༨ འབྲུག་གི་ཚེས་བཅུའི་གར་འཆམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ།
# Shar, k. n. (2018). Druk Tshechui Carchham Shayoa. 60.
# མཁན་པོ་ཉི་མ་ཤར།. (༢༠༡༨). འབྲུག་པའི་གར་འཆམ་གྱི་ངོ་སྤྲོད་འཁོར་འདས་ལམ་སྟོན།.</text>
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    <title>འབྲུག་པའི་བཞེས་སྒོ།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-04-01T06:04:12Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ ཁབ་ འདི་   ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ཚུ་དང་དོ་འགྲན་འབད་ནིའི་ རྒྱུ་སྟོབས་དང་མི་རློབས་  དེ་ལས་འཕྲུལ་རིགས་ཚུ་ ག་ནི་ཡ་མེད་དེ་འབད་རུང་  ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་  རང་དབང་སྦེ་སྡོད་ཚུ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="7699" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ ཁབ་ འདི་   ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ཚུ་དང་དོ་འགྲན་འབད་ནིའི་ རྒྱུ་སྟོབས་དང་མི་རློབས་  དེ་ལས་འཕྲུལ་རིགས་ཚུ་ ག་ནི་ཡ་མེད་དེ་འབད་རུང་  ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་  རང་དབང་སྦེ་སྡོད་ཚུགས་མི་འདི་  ང་བཅས་རའི་སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་ བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་མ་ཉམས་པར་ཡོད་མི་དང་  རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ ངོ་རྟགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན།  ངོ་རྟགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་གཅིག་འདི་ འབྲུག་པའི་བཞེས་སྒོ་འདི་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་པའི་ བཞེས་སྒོ་ཚུ་ཡང་  འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ གཞན་ཚུ་དང་ མ་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  འབྲུག་པའི་ བཞེས་སྒོ་ཚུ་ཡང་  ང་བཅས་རའི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལས་འཐོན་མིའི་རྫས་སྦྱོར་ མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་གིས་ བཟོཝ་ལས་ བྲོཝ་ཡང་ མ་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཇ་པཱན་དང་རྒྱ་ནག་ ཚུ་དང་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ བཞེས་སྒོ་ཚུ་ ལགཔ་གིས་ཟ་ནིའི་ སྲོལ་འདི་  ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  བཞེས་སྒོ་ཚུ་ མ་ཟ་བའི་ཧེ་མར་ ལྟོ་མཆོད་གཏང་ནི་དང་ལྟོ་ཕུད་གཏོར་ནི་འདི་  འབྲུག་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Bhutanese_food.png|thumb | '''འབྲུག་པའི་བཞེས་སྒོ།''']]
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་པའི་ བཞེས་སྒོ་བཟོ་ཐངས་འདི་  ཁ་ཚ་དྲགས་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྫས་སྦྱོར་ཚུ་ གི་གྲས་ལས་ ཨེ་མ་འདི་འབྲུག་པའི་ བཞེས་སྒོ་གི་རྫས་སྦྱོར་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ར་ཨིནམ་དང་  འབྲུག་པའི་བཞེས་སྒོ་ མང་རབས་ཅིག་ནང་ར་བླུག་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཨེ་མ་དར་ཚི་ འདི་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ བཞེས་སྒོ་ཅིག་ཨིན།  དེ་ནང་རྫས་སྦྱོར་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཨེ་མ།  དར་ཚི།  སྒོགཔ།  མར་ཁུ་ ཚུ་ངེས་བདེན་ར་ བླུག་ནི་ཡོདཔ་དང་  བླམ་བན་ད་ འདི་ རང་རང་སོ་སོ་གི་ ཁམས་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ བླུག་སྲོལ་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  བཞེས་སྒོ་དེ་ནང་  ཨེ་མ་འདི་ཡང་ ག་ནི་བ་ ཁ་ཚ་དྲགས་དང་ དར་ཚི་དེ་ ནང་འཁོད་ལས་འཐོན་པའི་བ་གི་ དར་ཚི་ཚུ་བླུག་སྲོལ་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
ད་རུང་  དེ་བ་ལྷག་པའི་ད མིགས་བསལ་གྱི་ ཆོག་སྒྲིག་བཀལ་ཐངས་ཚུ་ཡང་  མར་ཁུ་གི་ཚབ་ལུ་བ་མར་དང་ དར་ཚི་འདི་ ལ་ནོར་གྱི་ དར་ཚི་ཚུ་བླུག་སྲོལ་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  ཨེ་མ་དར་ཚི་གུར་ གཞན་ཡང་ ཀེ་བ་དང་སྲནམ་ཅུམ་ ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་བླུགས་ཏེ་ བཞེས་སྒོ་གཞན་ཡང་ བཟོ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Seekam_paa.png|thumb]]
&lt;big&gt;བཞེས་སྒོ་གཞན་ ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་ དང་པ་ར་  ཨེ་མ་དར་ཚིའི་ནང་ལུ་  ཀེ་བ་སླ་བསྲེས་རྐྱབ་པ་ཅིན་ ཀེ་བ་དར་ཚི་ ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན།  འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ ཀེ་བ་གི་བཞེས་སྒོ་རྣམ་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་སྦེ་གྱངས་ཁ་མ་ཆོདཔ་ཅིག་ བཟོ་ནི་ཡོད་རུང་  ཀེ་བའི་ནང་དར་ཚི་བླུགས་ཏེ་བཟོ་མི་འདི་  འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ ར་ཨིན་མས།  ཚོདམ་དེ་ དགའ་སྟོན་དང་ སྤྲོ་སྟོན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ ཚུ་བརྩི་སྲུང་འབད་ས་ལུ་  ཤ་མ་ཟ་མི་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་བཞེས་སྒོ་ ཆོག་སྒྲིག་ ཅིག་སྦེ་བརྩིཝ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Emakam_datsi.png|thumb]]
&lt;big&gt;ཆོག་སྒྲིག་ ཚུ་གི་དབང་དུ་གཏངམ་ད་ ཤ་ཟ་མི་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་  ཕག་ཤ་པགས་དང་ཤ་སྐམ་པགས་གཉིས་ ག་ཅི་དེ་སྤྲོ་ཅན་གྱི་ ཟས་ཅིག་སྦེ་བརྩིཝ་ ཨིན།  མ་གཞི་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་དང་འཁྲིལཝ་ད་  ཤ་ཟ་ནི་འདི་  སྡིག་ཅན་ཅིག་སྦེ་བརྩིས་རུང་  ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་  ཤ་ཟ་ནི་དེ་ བཀག་མ་ཚུགས་པར་འདུག།  སྔོན་དང་ཕུ་ལས་ར་  འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ནང་  ལོ་ཆོག་གི་ཕགཔ་ཟེར་གསོ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཕག་ཤ་པགས་འདི་  སྤྲོ་ཅན་གྱི་ཟས་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས།  ཕག་ཤ་པགས་དེ་  དགའ་སྟོན་དང་ལོ་ཆོག་ ལ་སོགས་པའི་ སྤྲོ་བའི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ནང་ མཐོ་གང་རེ་སྦེ་  དེ་ནང་ཨེ་མ་དམརཔོ་ དང་སྒོགཔ་ཚུ་བླུགས་ཏེ་ མར་ཁུ་ནང་བརྔོ ་སྟེ་ ཟ་སྲོལ་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 
[[File:Shakam_paa.png|thumb]]
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཡོངས་འབྲེལ། http://www.bbs.bt</text>
      <sha1>gv4q3i9gtds1o6si3xuembo1grio082</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ལྷ་བཟོ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4763</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29015</id>
      <parentid>29014</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-04-01T06:07:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* རྒྱབ་རྟེན་དཔེ་དེབ་ཀྱི་ཐོ། */</comment>
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      <text bytes="20268" xml:space="preserve">=== སྤྱིར་བཏང་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ རི་མོ་འབྱུང་ཚུལ། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ ང་བཅས་རའི་ནང་པའི་ལྷ་བྲིས་འདི་ སྤྱིར་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ ཧེ་མ་ མིའི་ཚེ་ཚད་འབུམ་སྦེ་ཐུབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་བྱུང་བྱུངམ་ཨིན་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཏེ་འདུག། དེ་ཡང་ མིའི་ཚེ་ཚད་ འབུམ་ལས་མར་གྲིབ་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་པོ་འཇིགས་ཐུལ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྐྱོང་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ བྲམ་ཟེའི་བུ་གཅིག་གློ་བུར་དུ་ཤི་རྐྱེན་བྱུང་སྟེ་ བྲམ་ཟེ་དེ་གིས་ རྒྱལཔོ་ལུ་ ཁོ་གི་བུ་འདི་ག་དེ་སྦེ་ཨིན་རུང་ལོག་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ ཧད་བཏགས་འཚོལ་ནུག། རྒྱལཔོ་གིས་གཤིན་རྗེ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལུ་བཅར་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་འབངས་ བྲམ་ཟེའི་བུ་ཤི་མི་དེ་ལོག་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཞུཝ་ད་ གཤིན་རྗེའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་གིས་ མི་དེ་ཚུ་ ཁོང་རའི་ལས་ཀྱི་དབང་གིས་ཤི་ཤིཝ་མ་གཏོགས་ ཁོ་གིས་འཛོལ་བ་འབད་འབདཝ་མེན་ཟེར་གསུངས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ རྒྱལཔོ་འཇིགས་ཐུལ་དགོངསམ་ཁྲེལ་ཏེ་ གཤིན་རྗེའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ལུ་ དམག་དཔུང་བཏང་སྟེ་ གཤིན་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་པོའི་དམག་དཔུང་ཚུ་ཕམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། མཐའ་མཇུག་ལུ་ རྒྱལཔོ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ ལྷ་ཚངས་པའི་མགོ་ཅན་གྱིས་འཁརཝ་རེ་བསྣམས་ཏེ་ འཐབ་འཛིང་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་མི་ག་ར་འདྲོགས་ཏེ་ ག་ནི་ཡང་འབད་ས་མེད་པར་ལུས་པའི་སྐབས་ ལྷ་ཚངས་པ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ སེམས་ཅན་ཤི་བ་ལས་ཀྱིས་ཤི། གཤིན་རྗེའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ལུ་ཉེས་པ་མེད་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་པོ་འཇིགས་ཐུལ་ལུ་ ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་འབངས་བྲམ་ཟེའི་བུ་ཤི་མི་གི་གདོང་ཅོག་འཐད་པའི་རི་མོ་བྲིས་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལཔོ་གིས་ཡང་ རི་མོ་བྲིས་ཏེ་ལྷ་ཚངས་པ་ལུ་ཕུལཝ་ད་ ཚངས་པའི་བྱིན་རླབས་ཀྱིས་ རི་མོ་འདི་མི་དངོས་སུ་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ རི་མོ་འགོ་དང་པ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== སངྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཐང་འབྲི་ཚུལ་འགོ་དང་པ་འབྱུང་ཚུལ། ===
&lt;big&gt;སངྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་གཟུགས་རས་གཞིའི་ཐོག་ལུ་འབྲི་སྲོལ་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་སངྱས་ཞལ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལས་ར་ དར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ལུ་ དབྱེ་བ་མ་འདྲཝ་ སྟོན་པ་ཆུ་ལེན་མ་དང་འོད་བྲིས་མ་ཟེར་ ཁག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ འབྲི་སྲོལ་བྱུང་ནུག། དང་པ་ སྟོན་པ་ཆུ་ལེན་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སངྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱི་སྦྱིན་བདག་ རྒྱལ་པོ་གཟུགས་ཅན་སྙིང་པོ་དང་ རྒྱལ་པོ་ཨུ་ཏྲ་ཡ་ན་གཉིས་ས་གནས་ཐག་རིང་སྟེ་ རྒྱལཔོ་གཉིས་མཇལ་ཕྲད་མེད་རུང་ ཐུགས་བརྩེའི་མཛའ་བཤེས་ཀྱི་དག་སྣང་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་ ཡི་གུ་དང་ཕྱག་རྟགས་ཚུ་རྒྱུན་མ་ཆད་པར་སྐྱེལ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཚར་གཅིག་འབདཝ་ད་ རྒྱལཔོ་ཨུ་ཏྲ་ཡ་ན་གིས་ རིན་ཐང་དང་བྲལ་བའི་ ནོར་བུའི་ཁྲབ་ཅིག་བསྐྱལ་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལཔོ་གཟུགས་ཅན་སྙིང་པོ་ཐུགས་མཉེས་ཏེ་ དེའི་ལན་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་འཐོབ་པར་དཀའ་བའི་ དངོས་པོ་ཅིག་བསྐྱལ་གཏང་དགོ་པས་ཟེར་ ཐུགས་བཞེད་གནང་སྟེ་ རི་མོ་འབྲི་མཁན་ཚུ་བོ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་གཟུགས་དཔེ་བླངས་ཏེ་ བྲི་བཅུག་པའི་སྐབས་ འོད་དང་གཟི་བརྗིད་ཆེ་ནི་འདི་གིས་བྲིས་མ་ཚུགས་པས། དེ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་པོ་གིས་ སངྱས་ཆུའི་རྫིང་གི་སྦོ་ལོགས་ཁར་བཞུགས་སུ་གསོལ་ཏེ་ ཆུ་ནང་ཤར་བའི་སྐུ་གཟུགས་དེ་ལུ་ དཔེ་བླངས་ཏེ་ ཀཱ་ཤིའི་རས་དཀར་གྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་བྲིས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་པོ་ཨུ་ཏྲ་ཡ་ན་ལུ་བསྐྱལ་མི་འདི་ སྟོན་པ་ཆུ་ལེན་མ་ཟེར་ཞུཝ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
སྟོན་པ་འོད་བྲིས་མ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་སངྱས་ཀྱིས་ གྲོང་ཁྱེར་སེར་སྐྱའི་གཡུས་ཁར་ཆོས་གསུངས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཤཱཀྱའི་བུམོ་གཅིག་ཆོས་ཞུ་སར་ཡོད་མི་དེ་གིས་ ཆོས་མ་ཉན་པར་ མོ་རའི་རྒྱན་ཆ་ལུ་བལྟ་སྟེ་ ང་རྒྱལ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་སྡོད་སར་ ཤཱཀྱའི་མིང་ཆེན་ཟླ་གྲོགས་མ་ཟླ་འོད་མ་གིས་མཐོང་སྟེ་ བུམོ་དེ་གི་ ང་རྒྱལ་ཞི་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཟླ་འོད་མ་གིས་མོ་རའི་གཡོག་མོ་ རོ་ཧི་ཏ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ མོ་གི་ཁྱིམ་ནང་ རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ཆ་ཚུ་ལེན་པར་བཏང་ནུག། གཡོག་མོ་འདི་ ཆོས་འཕྲོ་བཅད་དེ་ རྒྱན་ཆ་ལེན་པར་འགྱོ་དགོ་མ་མནོ་རུང་ མོ་རའི་སྦྱིན་བདག་གི་བཀའ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ འགྱོ་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག། མོ་འགྱོ་བའི་སྐབས་ ལམ་ཁར་མ་ཧེ་གཅིག་ བོའུ་ཅུང་གསརཔ་སྐྱེས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་དང་ཕྱད་དེ་ མ་ཧེ་དེ་གིས་མོ་རའི་བོའུ་ཅུང་ལུ་སེམས་ཆགས་ཏེ་ གཡོག་མོ་བརྡུངས་ཏེ་ དེ་ནང་ལུ་ སངྱས་ཀྱིས་ཆོས་གསུངས་མི་ཚུ་དྲན་བཞིན་པར་ ཤི་སོ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ གཡོག་མོ་འདི་ སིངྒ་ལའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་གི་སྲས་མོ་ མུ་ཏིག་འཁྲི་ཤིང་ལུ་སྐྱེས་ཏེ་སྡོད་པའི་སྐབས་ ཚར་གཅིག་འབདཝ་ད་ རྒྱ་གར་མཉན་ཡོད་ཀྱི་ཚོང་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ སངྱས་ཀྱི་གསུངས་འདི་ གླུ་སྦེ་འཐེནམ་ད་ མོ་གིས་གོ་སྟེ་ དེ་འཕྲོས་ལས་སྐྱེ་བ་ཧེ་མའི་བག་ཆགས་བསལ་ཏེ་ དད་པ་ཚད་མེདཔ་སྦེ་སྐྱེས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ མོ་གིས་སངྱས་ལུ་ཕྱག་མཇལ་དང་ཞུ་ཡིག་ཚུ་ ཚོང་པ་ཚུ་གི་ལག་པར་བསྐྱལ་བཏང་པའི་ལན་ལུ་ སངྱས་ཀྱིས་ བཟོ་བོ་བི་ཤྭ་ཀརྨ་ལུ་ སངྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་གཟུགས་རས་གཞི་གུར་བྲིས་ཏེ་ བསྐྱལ་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་གནང་སྟེ་འབྲི་བའི་སྐབས། སངྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུའི་གཟི་མདངས་ཀྱིས་ སྐུ་པར་བྲི་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ སངྱས་ཁོ་ར་ རས་གཞི་གཅིག་གི་རྒྱབ་ཁ་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ རས་གཞི་དེ་ཁར་ཤར་བའི་འོད་འདི་ལས་དཔེ་བླངས་ཏེ༌ རི་མོ་བྲི་བཅུག། དེའི་འོག་ལུ་ དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལུ་སྐྱབས་སུ་འགྲོ་བའི་སྐོར་དང་། བསླབ་པའི་གཞི་ལྔ། རྟེན་འབྲེལ་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་གོ་དོན་ཚུ་བྲིས་ཏེ་ སིངྒ་ལའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་འཁོར་དང་བཅས་པ་ལུ་ བཀུར་གནང་མི་འདི་ སྟོན་པ་འོད་བྲིས་མ་ཟེར་ཞུཝ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== སྐུ་རྟེན་འབྲི་ཐངས་འབྲུག་ལུ་དར་ཚུལ། ===
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ སྐུ་ཐང་བྲི་ནིའི་སྲོལ་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༧ པའི་ནང་ སྤ་རོ་སྐྱིད་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་བུམ་ཐང་བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ནང་ འབུར་སྐུ་བཞེངས་པའི་དུས་སྐབས་ལས་ར་ དར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནཔས། དེ་ཡང་ འབུར་སྐུ་ལུ་ སྤྱན་གསལ་དཀར་ནག་གི་ཚོན་མདངས། ལྡེབས་རིས་དང་ གཞན་ཡང་ ལྷ་ཁང་ཕྱི་ནང་གི་ཚོན་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ ལྷ་འབྲིཔ་ཚུ་གིས་བཏང་བཏངམ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ལས་ དུས་རབས་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ལུ་ ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་གནང་སྟེ་ བུམ་ཐང་སྐུ་རྗེས་དང་སྤ་རོ་སྟག་ཚང་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་ འབྲུལ་ཡུལ་འདི་ནང་ ལྷ་ཁང་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བཞེངས་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལུ་ དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་དང་ལྡེབས་རིས་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ མཇལ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ལྷ་བཟོ་འདི་ དང་ཕུ་ དུས་རབས་ ༧ པ་དང་ ༨ པ་ལས་ར་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༢ དང་ ༡༣ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ བླ་ཆེན་དམ་པ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བྱོན་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ལྷ་ཁང་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བཞེངས་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ནང་ ལྡེབས་རིས་དང་སྐུ་ཐང་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ ལྷ་བྲིས་ཀྱི་སྲོལ་འདི་ དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། སངྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་རྟེན་བྲི་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལྷ་བྲིས་ཀྱི་སྲོལ་འདི་ འགོ་ཐོག་རྒྱ་གར་འཕགས་པའི་ཡུལ་ལུ་དར་དརཝ་ཨིན་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ བོད་ལུ་འབྲི་རྒྱུན་དར་བའི་སྐབས་ ཁམས་བྲིས་དང་ ཀརྨ་གར་བྲིས། གཙང་བྲིས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ ལྷམ་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་དར་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་དར་བའི་ལྷ་བྲིས་འདི་ གཙང་མཁན་ཆེན་འཇམ་དབྱངས་དཔལ་ལྡན་མརྒྱ་མཚོ་ལས་བརྒྱུད་པའི་ གཙང་བྲིས་ངོ་མ་འདི་ཨིན་པས། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྨན་ལུགས་དང་ཀརྨ་གར་བྲིས་ཚུ་ཡང་ དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ཞབས་དྲུང་དང་ གཙང་མཁན་ཆེན་གཉིས་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཚུར་ གཙང་བྲིས་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ཏེ་ གཞུང་གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་ ལྷ་བྲིས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུན་ དར་ཁྱབ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ལྷ་སྐུའི་ཐིག་ཚད། ===
&lt;big&gt;ལྷ་སྐུའི་རིགས་ག་ཅི་ར་བྲིས་རུང་ ཐིག་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ བྲི་དགོཔ་འདི་ གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ མཚན་བཟང་པོ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་རྒྱལ་བའི་སྐུ་གཟུགས་ལུ་ བཟོ་ཉེས་བཀག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ ལྷ་སྐུ་ཚུ་ རྒྱུད་ལུང་མན་ངག་དང་ མཐུན་པའི་ཁུངས་ལུང་དང་ལྡན་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་ལུ་ འགྱུར་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ལྷ་འབྲིཔ་རང་གི་བརྒྱུད་ལུ་ བསོད་ནམས་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པ་བསགས་ནི་དང་ ཚེ་ཕྱི་མ་དག་པའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནིའི་ ཕན་པ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན་མས། ཐིག་ཚད་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ལས་ རྒྱས་པར་མཁྱེན་འདོད་ཡོད་ན་ མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཀྱིས་རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཀི་དེབ་ འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་རིག་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན་ནང་ལུ་ གཟིགས་གནང་། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཚོན་སྦྱོར་འབད་ཐངས་དང་ཚོན་གཏང་ནིའི་ལག་ཆ། ཐང་ཀའི་རས་གཞི་འདུལ་སྦྱོར་འབད་ཐངས་ཚུ་གི་ཁ་གསལ་ཡང་ ཀི་དེབ་འདི་ནང་རྒྱས་ཤིང་རྒྱསཔ་སྦེ་ བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།
མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ ལྷ་བཟོ་འདི་ལུས་བཟོའི་ནང་ ལུས་བཟོ་མཆོག་གི་ཁོངས་སུ་གཏོགསཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ལྷ་བཟོ་འདི་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ འགོ་ཐོག་སངྱས་ཞལ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལས་ར་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ སངྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་གཟུགས་བྲི་ནིའི་སྲོལ་འདི་ འགོ་ཐོག་རྒྱ་གར་འཕགས་པའི་ཡུལ་ལུ་དར་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་བོད་ལུ་དར་བའི་སྐབས་ ལྷ་བྲིས་ཀྱི་ལུགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་དར་ནུག། དེའི་ནང་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ གཙང་བྲིས་ཀྱི་ལུགས་འདི་དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ལྷ་བཟོ་འདི་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ དུས་རབས་ ༧ པའི་ནང་ལས་ར་དར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་། (༢༠༠༤) ལྷོའི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་འཇམ་མགོན་སྨོན་མཐའི་ཕྲེང་བ། ཐིམ་ཕུག། ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་།
# མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས། (༢༠༠༣) འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན། ཐིམ་ཕུག། སྐལ་བཟང་གཞན་ཕན།</text>
      <sha1>aivb648psv65sd7bi5a50d5d70bm0y8</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>འཇིམ་བཟོ།</title>
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      <id>29017</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-04-01T06:10:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
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      <comment>/* ཁུངས་ཏུགས། */</comment>
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      <text bytes="10381" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ འཇིམ་བཟོ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སྲིད་པ་གསུམ་གྱི་ནང་ལུ་ ལྷ། ཀླུ་དང་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ རྒྱུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རིགས་སྣ་ཚོགས་བསྡུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྨན་འདམ་དང་སླ་བསྲེས་ཏེ་ སངྱས་དང་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྐུ་རྟེན་ཚུ་ ཆ་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ འབུར་ཐོན་ཏེ་བཞེངས་མི་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན། འཇིམ་བཟོ་ཡང་ན་འཇིམ་བཟོའི་རིག་པ་འདི་ སྔོན་སངྱས་ཞལ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལས་ར་ དར་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ སྲོལ་འདི་ཧེ་མ་ལས་དར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ འབུར་སྐུ་བཞེངས་ནི་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ ཆུ་སྣོད་ཀྱི་བུམ་པ། སའི་རྫམ་གྱི་རིགས། སྐུ་གདུང་མཆོད་རྟེན་དང་ ཧེ་མ་ ཤར་ཝང་སྤ་གསུམ་ལུ་རྐྱབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པའི་སྡོད་ཁྱིམ་ (གྱང་ཁྱིམ) ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ འཇིམ་བཟོ་རིག་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ བཟོ་བཟོཝ་གི་རྒྱུ་དངོས་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ འབུར་སྐུ་བཞེང་སྲོལ་འགོ་དང་པ་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༧ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ བྱུང་བྱུངམ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ སྤ་རོ་སྐྱིད་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ ཇོ་བོ་ཤཱཀྱ་མུ་ནེ་ལོངས་སྐུའི་ཆ་ལུགས་་ལུ་ ཉེ་བའི་སྲས་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱིས་བསྐོར་ཏེ་བཞེངས་ཡོད་མི་དང་ བུམ་ཐང་བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ མ་འོངས་པའི་སངྱས་ཇོ་བོ་བྱམས་པའི་སྐུ་དེ་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ལྷ་བཟོ་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ཚུ་གིས་བཞེངས་གནང་བའི་ འབུར་སྐུ་འགོ་དང་པ་ཨིན་པས། འབྲུག་ལུ་སྐུ་རྟེན་དང་པ་ར་ སངྱས་རྣམ་སྣང་དང་རྒྱལ་བ་རིགས་ལྔའི་སྐུ་ཚུ་བཞེང་སྲོལ་བྱུང་ནུག། དུས་རབས་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཚུར་ སྐུ་རྟེན་ཡང་ གུ་རུ་གཙོ་འཁོར་གསུམ་དང་རྗེ་འབངས་ཉེར་ལྔའི་སྐུ་འདྲ་ཚུ་ བཞེང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ལས་ཚུར་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༢ པ་དང་ ༡༣ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ བླམ་ཁག་ལྔ་དང་ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་ཚུ་བྱོན། དུས་རབས་ ༡༥ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ གཏེར་སྟོན་པདྨ་གླིང་པ་དང དུས་རབས་ ༡༧ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ནང་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་རྫོང་གཞིས་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བཞེངས་གནང་མི་ཚུ་གི་ནང་ སྐུ་རྟེན་ཚུ་ག་ར་འབྲུག་པའི་འཇིམ་བཟོ་མཁས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་བཞེངས་བཞེངསམ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ འཇིམ་བཟོའི་རིག་པ་འདི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ དང་ཕུ་ལས་དར་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ བསོད་ནམས་བསག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རང་སོའི་འབྱོར་པ་དང་བསྟུན་ རབ་ཏུ་བྱུང་པ་ཅིན་གསེར། དངུལ། བྱུ་རུ། གཡུ། མུ་མེན། གཟི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་བླུགས་ མ་བྱུངན་ ས་དང་འདལ་ཤོག་གཉིས་གུར་ སྐྱེས་བུ་དམ་པ་ཚུ་གི་ཕྱག་རྒྱུན་ལས་བྱུང་བའི་ རིན་ཆེན་རིགས་ཀྱི་ཕབ་རྟ་དང་ སྨན་རྫས་ལེགས་ཤོམ་གྱི་རིགས་ཚུ་སླ་བསྲེས་ཏེ་ བཞེངས་པའི་སྐུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ སྨན་སྐུ་ ཡང་ན་ འཇིམ་སྐུ་ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ལས་ སྐུ་བཞེངས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ གོ་རིམ་ཡང་ དང་པ་ ཁོག་འཐེན་ཐངས། གཉིས་པ་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་གཅེར་བུ་ཤ་ཚུགས་བཀང་ཐངས། གསུམ་པ་ རྒྱན་གོས་ན་བཟའ་ཤ་ཚུགས་ཕུལ་ཐངས་དང་ བཞི་པ་ བྱི་དབུར་རྐྱབ་ཐངས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གོ་རིམ་བསྒྲིགས་ཏེ་བཞེངས་དགོཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
འཇིམ་སྐུ་བཞེངས་པའི་སྐབས་ ལག་ཆ་ག་ཅི་ར་དགོཔ་ཨིན་ན་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱུ་སྦྱིས་ཤིང་གིས་བཟོ་བའི་ལགཔ་མཐེ་མཛུབ་བཟུམ་ཡོད་མི་ལྡེ་དཔོན་ཡང་ཅིན་་ལྡེམ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་དགོཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལྡེ་དཔོན་ ཡང་ན་ལྡེམ་ལུ་ ལྷམ་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་ རྟ་མིང་། ཤོ་ཤོམ། འབུར་རིམ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དང་པ་ ན་བཟའ་གི་ལྷུག་དང་སྐུ་ཤ་མཉེན་ལྕུག་ཚུ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལྡེ་དཔོན་ ཡང་ན་ལྡེམ་ རྟ་མིང་ཟེར་མི་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དགོཔ་ཨིན་མས། གཉིས་པ་ ཤ་ཚུགས་དང་རྒྱན་གོས་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ བཟོ་རྣམ་ལེབ་ལེབ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་ ལྡེམ་ཤོ་ཤོམ་ཟེར་མི་དང་ གསུམ་པ་ ས་བྱི་རྐྱབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གྱི་ཅུ་བཟུམ་མའི་ལྕགས་ལེབ་སོ་ཡོད་མི་ཅིག་ཡང་དགོཔ་ཨིན་མས། སྦྱིས་ཤིང་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ས་ཁ་མཐོ་སར་ སྦ་སྨྱུག་གི་ཚལ་མ་ནང་ལས་འཐོབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཤིང་འདི་སྐམ་ཚར་བའི་བསྒང་ལས་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ས་ཀྲག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བྱི་དབུར་རྐྱབ་ནིའི་ལག་ཆ་མེད་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེའི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཁ་གསལ་སྦེ་མཁྱེན་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཀྱིས་རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ཀི་དེབ་ འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན་ཟེར་མི་ནང་ རྒྱས་པར་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དེ་ནང་གཟིགས་གནང་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནི་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་། (༢༠༠༤) ལྷོའི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་འཇམ་མགོན་སྨོན་མཐའི་ཕྲེང་བ། ཐིམ་ཕུག། ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་།
# མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས། (༢༠༠༣) འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན། ཐིམ་ཕུག། སྐལ་བཟང་གཞན་ཕན།</text>
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    <title>པར་བཟོ།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-04-01T06:11:35Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Rpel</username>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ སྤྱིར་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ པར་བརྐོའི་རི་མོ་འདི་ཡང་ འགོ་དང་པ་ སངྱས་ཞལ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="10570" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ སྤྱིར་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ པར་བརྐོའི་རི་མོ་འདི་ཡང་ འགོ་དང་པ་ སངྱས་ཞལ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་དུས་རབས་ ༢ པའི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་པོ་དབུགས་བཏོན་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སློབ་དཔོན་ཀླུ་སྒྲུབ་ཀྱི་སློབ་མ་ཨརྫུན་གྱིས་ སངྱས་འོད་སྲུང་གི་ཚེམས་རིང་བསྲེལ་འབྲུག་ལུ་བསྣམས་ཏེ་ ཤར་རཱ་ཛཱ་འོག་གི་གཡུས་ཚན་ནང་ མཆོད་རྟེན་གཅིག་བཞེངས་པའི་ནང་གཟུངས་ཕུལ་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཁ་ཡིག་འདི་ རྡོ་ལེབ་གུར་ ལེགས་སྦྱར་གྱི་སྐད་ནང་ པར་བརྐོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ དུས་རབས་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ རྒྱལཔོ་སིན་དྷ་རཱ་ཛཱ་དང་རྒྱལཔོ་སྣ་བོ་ཆེ་གཉིས་ འཆམ་ཁ་འགྲིགས་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱལཔོ་གཉིས་དང་གུ་རུའི་ཕྱག་རྗེས། དེ་ལས་ མནའ་ཚིག་ཚུ་ རྡོ་རིང་གུར་བརྐོ་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་གི་པར་བཟོ་འགོ་དང་པའི་གྲངས་སུ་ཚུད་ནི་ཨིན་པས། &lt;br&gt;
རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༢ པའི་ནང་ བླམ་ཁག་ལྔ་ལས་ བླམ་ལྷ་པ་དང་གནས་རྙིང་པ་ཚུ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མ་ཎི་གདང་རིངམོ་དང་མཆོད་རྟེན་རྐང་གཉིསམ། ཀ་ཀ་ཎི། ཆུ་འཁོར་མ་ཎི་ཚུ་བཞེངས་ཡོད་མིའི་ནང་ མ་ཎི་དང་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་ཚུ་ རྡོ་གུར་བརྐོ་ནིའི་སྲོལ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༥ པའི་ནང་ གཏེར་སྟོན་པདྨ་གླིང་པ་དང་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༧ པའི་ནང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྐྱེ་བུ་དམ་པ་ཚུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྙིང་པོ་ཚུ་ རྡོ་དང་པར་ཤིང་གུར་བརྐོ་ནིའི་སྲོལ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ པར་བཟོ་རིག་པ་འདི་དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཤུལ་ལས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གསུམ་པ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས། གཞན་ཡང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་རིམ་འབྱོན་ཚུ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ གསུང་ཆོས་དང་མ་ཎི་བཀའ་འབུམ། བླ་ཆེན་དམ་པའི་རྣམ་ཐར་ཚུ་ པར་བརྐོ་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༩ པ་རྒྱལ་བ་ཤཱཀྱ་རིན་ཆེན་དང་ ཁྲི་རབས་ ༡༨ པ་ རྗེ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་མཆོག་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ གསུང་ཆོས་དང་རྣམ་ཐར་ཚུ་ པར་བརྐོ་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ ལུ་ མི་དབང་ཞིང་གཤེགས་དམ་པ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པའི་དགོངས་རྫོགས་དང་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་སྐུ་རིམ་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ ཀུན་མཁྱེན་བཀའ་འབུམ་ཆ་ཚང་ལོག་སྟེ་ པར་བརྐོ་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནཔས། པར་བཟོ་རིག་པ་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་ སྲིནམོ་ལྟོ་ཁ་རིག་གཞུང་སློབ་གྲྭ་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་བཟོ་རིག་སློབ་སྦྱོང་ལྟེ་བའི་ནང་ལུ་ སློབ་སྦྱོང་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་ཡང་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོང་མའི་མཛད་ཤུལ་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ ཁྱད་ཆོས་བཟང་པོ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་བཟོ་རིག་བཅུ་གསུམ་སྤེལ་ཁང་དང་ བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་བཟོ་རིག་བཅུ་གསུམ་སྤེལ་ཁང་ཚུ་ནང་ སློབ་སྦྱོང་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
པར་བཟོའི་རིག་པ་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་མ་འདྲཝ་ གསུང་རབ་གླེགས་བམ་གྱི་ཡི་གུ་ཚུ་ ཤིང་ལེབ་གུར་བརྐོ་མི་དཔེ་ཆའི་པར་ཤིང་དང་། སྟག་སེང་ཁྱུང་འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱལ་མཚན་རྩེ་མོ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ རླུང་དར་གྱི་པར་ཤིང་། མ་ཎི་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་དང་ཡིག་བརྒྱ་སོགས་ མ་ཎིའི་དར་སྤར། བཀྲིས་རྟགས་བརྒྱད། རྒྱལ་སྲིད་སྣ་བདུན། འབྲུག་རིས། པདྨ། འཁོར་ལོ། མེ་རིས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཤིང་གི་པ་ཏྲ་ཟེར་དབྱེ་བ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཚུ་པར་བརྐོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཡི་གུ་ཆེ་ཆུང་བརྐོ་ནི་གི་ ཡ་བཏགས་ཆེ་ཆུང་གཉིས། སྨིན་དྲུག་ཡང་ན་མིག་བུག་ཆེ་ཆུང་གཉིས། སྟ་ཅུང་ཆེ་ཆུང་གསུམ། གཟོང་། གཞོག་ཐིག་དང་སེག་ཅུང་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ ལག་ཆ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཚུ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། པར་བརྐོ་་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ པར་ཤིང་ཟེར་མི་འདི་དགོཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ པར་ཤིང་འདི་ རྒྱ་མཚོའི་ཁོད་སྙོམ་ལས་མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༣༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་གི་ ནགས་ཚལ་ནང་ལུ་སྐྱེཝ་ཨིན་མས། ཤིང་དེ་སེམས་ཅན་སྟག་གི་ཁྲ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ཡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་སྟག་ཤིང་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་མས། ཤིང་དེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་སྐམ་པའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ས་ཀྲག་ཀྲ་སྦེ་ གས་ཆག་དང་འགྱུར་བ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྐྱོན་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པའི་ཤིང་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ པར་བརྐོ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ཤིང་དེ་  མེད་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ པར་བཟོ་འདི་ཧེ་མ་ བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་ སངྱས་ཞལ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལས་ར་དར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ང་བཅས་ར་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་བཟང་པོ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་དང་མཐུན་པའི་ ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་ནང་གསེས་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་། (༢༠༠༤) ལྷོའི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་འཇམ་མགོན་སྨོན་མཐའི་ཕྲེང་བ། ཐིམ་ཕུག། ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་།
# མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས། (༢༠༠༣) འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན། ཐིམ་ཕུག། སྐལ་བཟང་གཞན་ཕན།</text>
      <sha1>8rdtb9d94k2n7cn4cubtabd88g2tx1x</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>འདེལ་བཟོ།</title>
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    <id>4766</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29019</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-01T06:12:38Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ དང་ཕུ་ མི་ལོ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་གཅིག་གི་ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཡིག་མཁན་ཚུ་གིས་རྒྱུ་ཟངས་དང་དངུལ་བརྡུངས་ཏེ་ ཤོག་ཀུ་བཟུམ་ སྲབ་འཕྲོས་འཕྲོས་བཟོ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་ཚུ་ འབྲི...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="12968" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ དང་ཕུ་ མི་ལོ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་གཅིག་གི་ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཡིག་མཁན་ཚུ་གིས་རྒྱུ་ཟངས་དང་དངུལ་བརྡུངས་ཏེ་ ཤོག་ཀུ་བཟུམ་ སྲབ་འཕྲོས་འཕྲོས་བཟོ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་ཚུ་ འབྲི་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མའི་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་ཀུན་དགའ་རྭ་བ་ཚུ་གི་སྒོ་ཁར་ ལྷ་ཁང་བཞེངས་མིའི་ཐོ་དང་དེའི་ཆགས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ ཟངས་ཤོག་གུར་བྲིས་ཏེ་བཞག་མི་འདི་ མཐོང་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ རྒྱ་གར་ལུ་ ཡིག་མཁན་ཚུ་གིས་ ཏ་ལའི་འདབ་མ་དང་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་པགས་ཀོ། རས་གཞི་ཚུ་ནང་ འབྲི་སྲོལ་བྱུང་ནུག། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་རི་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ དཔེར་ན་ བོད་དང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ འདེལ་ཤིང་གི་པགས་ཀོ་དང་ ཨ་ག་རུའི་པགས་ཀོ་ཚུ་ལས་ ཤོག་ཀུ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ ཡིག་མཁན་ཚུ་གིས་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ ཤོག་ཀུ་ལྷམ་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་རུང་ ང་་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ དུས་རབས་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ འདེལ་ཤིང་ཕྱི་ནང་གི་པགས་ཀོ་དཀར་ནག་གཉིས་ལས་ འདེལ་ཤོག་དཀར་ནག་གཉིས་བཟོ་བའི་སྲོལ་ དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་མི་དེ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་བོད་ལུ་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ བསམ་ཡས་སྒྲ་སྒྱུར་ལོ་ཙཱའི་གླིང་ལུ་ རྒྱ་ཆོས་བོད་སྐད་ཐོག་ལུ་ སྐད་སྒྱུར་འབད་དེ་ ཡིག་ཐོག་ལུ་འབྲི་བའི་སྐབས་ཤོག་ཀུ་མ་ལངས་པར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལས་ འདེལ་ཤོག་དོ་དོ་སྦེ་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ཤོག་ཀུ་ཕུལ་བའི་བཀའ་དྲིན་དགའ་ཚོར་སྦེ་ རྒྱལཔོ་ཁྲི་སྲོང་ལྡེའུ་བཙན་གྱིས་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེན་འབྲུག་ལུ་ལོག་འབྱོན་པའི་སྐབས་ ལོ་ཙཱ་བ་ལྡན་མ་རྩེ་མང་གུ་རུའི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་སྦེ་བཏང་གནང་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡི་གུ་འགོ་དང་པ་བརྩམས་གནང་བའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ འདེལ་ཤོག་བཟོ་ནིའི་རིག་རྩལ་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་ར་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་འདི་ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་མ་ཉམས་པར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འདེལ་ཤོག་འདི་ འདེལ་ཤིང་ཟེར་མི་ཤིང་དེ་གི་པགས་ཀོ་གིས་བཟོཝ་ཨིན། ཤིང་འདི་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས་ལུ་མ་གཏོགས་ས་ཁ་དམའ་ས་ལུ་རྩ་ལས་མ་སྐྱེསཝ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱ་མཚོའི་ཁོད་སྙོམ་ལས་ མི་ཊར་ ༢༠༠༠ དང་ ༣༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་གི་བར་ན་ རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་སྐྱེཝ་ཨིན། ཤིང་འདི་ གནམ་སོ་ཁའི་དུས་ལུ་ མེ་ཏོག་དཀརཔོ་སྦེ་ཤརཝ་ཨིན། ཤིང་གི་པགས་ཀོ་བཤུས་ནིའི་དུས་ཚོད་འདི་ གནམ་བྱཱར་དགུན་མེད་པར་བཏུབ་ནི་ཨིན་རུང་ ཤོག་ཀུ་བཟོ་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ བྱ་སྟབས་བདེ་ཐབས་ལུ་ མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་གནམ་དགུན་ལུ་ པགས་ཀོ་བཤུས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཤིང་འདི་ འབྲུག་ཤར་ནུབ་དང་དབུས་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ག་ཏེ་ལུ་ཡང་སྐྱེ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ། མོང་སྒར། ཆུ་ཁ། བཀྲིས་སྒང་། དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་། ཀྲོང་གསར། གཞལམ་སྒང་ཚུ་ནང་ འབོར་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་སྐྱེ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།  &lt;br&gt;
འདེལ་ཤོག་བཟོ་ཐངས་ལུ་ལྷམ་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་ རས་ཤོག་དང་ཚར་ཤོག་ཟེར་གཉིས་སྦེ་བཟོ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དང་པ་རས་ཤོག་བླུག་ཐངས་འདི་འབད་བ་ཅིན། ཧེ་མ་ར་ ཤིང་གི་པགས་ཀོ་འདི་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བསལ་ཏེ་ ཆུ་ནང་སྦངས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཆུ་འཁྱུ། འཁྱུ་ཚརཝ་ཅིག་ ཁྲོ་དང་ཟངས་ཀྱི་ཧོད་སྦོམ་ཅིག་ནང་ སྒོ་ཐལ་གྱི་ཆུ་བླུགས་ཏེ་ བཙོ་ཚོད་རན་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བཙོ། བཙོ་ཚར་མི་འདི་ རྡོ་ལེབ་གུར་ ཤིང་གི་ཐོཝ་གིས་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བརྡུངས་ཏེ ཇ་སྲུམ་གི་ནང་ལུ་བླུགས་ཏེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བསྲུ་དགོ། དེ་ལས་ རས་ཤོག་གི་སྒྲོམ་ཆེ་ཆུང་དང་སྟུག་སྲབ་ཀྱི་དགོས་མཁོ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ ཤོག་ཀུའི་རྫས་རན་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བླུགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཆུ་རྫིང་གི་ཐོག་ལུ་ སྙོམས་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་སྙོམས་ཏེ་ ཤོག་སྒྲོམ་ནང་གི་ ཆུ་ག་ར་འཛགས་ཚརཝ་ཅིག་ ཉིམ་ནང་བསྐམ་དགོ། ཤོག་ཀུ་འདི་གི་ ཚེ་ཚད་ཡུན་རིངམོ་སྦེ་ཐུབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ པགས་ཀོ་སྒོ་ཐལ་གྱི་ཆུ་ནང་བཙོ་བཙོཝ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ འབུཔ་གིས་རྩ་ལས་མ་ཟ་བར་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གཉིས་པ་ ཚར་ཤོག་བླུག་ཐངས་འདི་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཤོག་ཀུ་བླུག་སའི་གཞི་སྒྲོམ་ཚར་གྱིས་འཐག་སྟེ་ བཟོ་མིའི་ནང་ལུ་ ཤོག་ཀུ་བླུག་མི་འདི་ལུ་ ཚར་ཤོག་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། མ་གཞི་ རས་ཤོག་དང་ཚར་ཤོག་གཉིས་བླུག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལཱ་གི་གོ་རིམ་ཚུ་ཅོག་འཐདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ བླུག་སའི་གཞི་སྒྲོམ་དང་ བསྐམ་ཐངས་ཀྱི་ཁྱད་པར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ཚར་གྱིས་འཐག་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་གཞི་འདི་ནང་བླུགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཆུ་རྫིང་ནང་སྙོམས་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ སྐར་མ་གཉིས་གསུམ་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་ཆུ་འཛག་བཅུག་སྟེ་ ཨེན་ཏ་སྙོམས་ཏོག་ཏོ་གུར་ ཚར་ཤོག་ལེབ་གྲངས་ ༣༠ དང་ ༤༠ གི་བར་ན་རྩང་དུམ་གྱིས་རྟགས་བཀལ་ཏེ་ ཤོག་ཀུ་ ༡༠༠ དང་ ༢༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་བརྩིགས་ཞིནམ་ལས། ཐོག་ཁར་ལས་ཨེན་ཏ་ལྗིད་ཅན་གྱིས་ཨེབ་བཞག་ནི་དང་ དེའི་ཐོག་ཁར་རྡོ་དང་ལྕགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ ཨེན་ཏའི་ཟུར་མཐའ་གཉིས་ལུ་ལྗིད་ཚད་འདྲན་འདྲ་བཀལ་ཏེ་ ཉིན་བཞག་གཅིག་དེ་ཅིག་བཞག་དགོ། དེ་ལས་ ཐོག་ཁར་བཀལ་མི་ ཨེན་ཏ་དང་རྡོ་དེ་ཚུ་ཕབ་སྟེ་ ས་དང་གྱང་སྙོམས་ཏོག་ཏོ་གུར་སྦྱར་ཏེ་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བསྐམ་དགོཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ འདེལ་བཟོ་དེ་ཡང་ དང་ཕུ་ལས་དར་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་ཡང་ སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་འདི་མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་དང་ ཉམས་པ་སོར་ཆུད་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདེལ་བཟོ་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ལཱ་ག་ར་མི་གིས་འབད་དགོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ དེང་སང་དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ འཕྲུལ་རིག་མ་འདྲཝ་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ འབད་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ནང་ འདེལ་བཟོའི་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཁང་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དེང་སང་གི་དུས་ལུ་འདེལ་བཟོ་འདི་ དངུལ་གྱི་འོང་འབབ་བཟོ་སའི་གཞི་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན་པས་གོ།&lt;/big&gt;


=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་། (༢༠༠༤) ལྷོའི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་འཇམ་མགོན་སྨོན་མཐའི་ཕྲེང་བ། ཐིམ་ཕུག། ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་།
# མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས། (༢༠༠༣) འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན། ཐིམ་ཕུག། སྐལ་བཟང་གཞན་ཕན།</text>
      <sha1>nesi9081xcnyius2a8fyhbis2utb6so</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཐགས་བཟོ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4767</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29020</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-01T06:13:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ཐགས་བཟོ་འདི་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་ སངྱས་ཞལ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལས་ར་ བྱུང་བྱུངམ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་ སངྱས་ཞལ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཁ་བ་རི་བྲག་པ་ཟེར་སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ད...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="11063" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཐགས་བཟོ་འདི་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་ སངྱས་ཞལ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལས་ར་ བྱུང་བྱུངམ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་ སངྱས་ཞལ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཁ་བ་རི་བྲག་པ་ཟེར་སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ནང་གི་མི་ཚུ་ འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཟས་དང་ ལུས་ཤ་ཁྲག་གནས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཁྱིམ། ཕྱིའི་འབྱུང་བ་ལས་སྐྱོབས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རས་གོས་ཚུ་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་བཟོ་ཤེས་པའི་བཟོ་རིག་གི་རྣམ་དཔྱོད་ཚུ་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཤད་དེ་འདུག། རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ ཁ་བ་རི་བྲག་གི་ཡུལ་འདི་ མོན་ཡུལ་ཟེར་བའི་ མིང་གི་ཐ་སྙད་ལུ་ རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་གྱུར་ཏེ་ གནས་པའི་སྐབས་ མོན་པའི་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ཤ་ཁྲག་ལུ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད། ཤིང་དང་ཤོམ་འདབ་ཚུ་ལས་ གོ་ལ་ཚུ་འཐག་སྟེ་ གྱོན་པའི་སྲོལ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཤུལ་ལས་ དུས་རབས་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་འབྲུག་ཡུལ་ལུ་འབྱོན་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མི་ཆེན་དང་དཔོན་ཆེན་ཚུ་གིས་ དར་གོས་ཀྱི་ན་བཟའ་བཞེས་ནི་དང་། མི་དཀྱུས་མ་ཚུ་གིས་ ཟྭོ་ཆག་གཡུ་རས་ལས་འཐག་པའི་གོ་དང་ སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་པགས་ཀོ་ལས་བཟོ་བའི་གོ་ཚུ་གྱོན་སྲོལ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ས་ཁ་མཐོ་སར་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་པགས་ཀོ་ལས་བཟོ་བའི་གོ་ལ་དང་ ས་ཁ་དམའ་སར་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ཟྭོ་ཆག་གཡུ་རས་ཚུ་ལས་འཐག་པའི་གོ་ལ་ཚུ་གྱོན་སྲོལ་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;
དུས་རབས་ ༡༧ པའི་ནང་ལས་ ཁྱིམ་མཚེས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལས་ ཐེར་མ་དང་སྣམ་བུའི་གོ། གོས་ཆེན། ཀ་བལ་གྱི་སྐུདཔ་ལས་འཐག་པའི་སྐམ་འཐགམ། ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་བྱུང་ནུག། ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ ཁྱིམ་མཚེས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ལས་ སྐུདཔ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཐོན་ཏེ་ཡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ གོ་དང་དཀྱི་ར་ཚུ་མེ་ཏོག་མ་འདྲཝ་གིས་བརྒྱན་ཏེ་ ཐགས་བཟོ་རིག་པ་འདི་ གོང་འཕེལ་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གོ་དང་དཀྱི་རའི་དབྱེ་བ་ཡང་ སྤང་རྩེ། སེར་ཁྲ། ཨ་ཐང་དམར་ཁྲ། གཡུ་འཐགམ། ཐགས་རས། ཧོར་ཁྲ། འཇའ་འགྲིགསམ། ཟེར་བའི་དཔེ་གསར་གྱི་རིགས་དང་ སྨན་ཙེ་དམར་ཁྲ། ལུང་སེརམ། སྒྲོམ་ཅུང་ཅནམ། མོན་འཐག། སྔོ་གཤམ། སྐུད་ཤུད་ཐགས་ར་ལ་སོགས་པའི་མེ་ཏོག་ཅན་གྱི་འཐག་འཐགཔ་དབྱེ་བ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
	དང་ཕུའི་དུས་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རས་གོ་འཐག་སྟེ་གྱོན་སྲོལ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ངོ་མ་ར་ ཉི་ཆར་དང་རླུང་ཚུ་ལས་ སྐྱོབས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་ སྡོད་སའི་ཁྱིམ་ཟེར་མེད་པར་ བྱག་ཕུག་དང་ཤིང་གི་རྩ་བར་སྡོད་པའི་སྐབས་ གོ་ལའི་དགོས་པ་ངོ་མ་ར་ ཉིམ་གིས་མི་འཚིག་ནི་དང་། ཆར་རླུང་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་གྱང་ནི་ལས་ བསྲུང་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཤིང་གི་ཤོམ་འདབ་དང་རུ་ཤིང་ལས་འཐག་པའི་གོ་ལ་ཚུ་ གྱོན་ཏེ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཤུལ་ལས་ མིའི་མནོ་བསམ་ཚུལ་མཐུན་སྦེ་གཏང་ཤེསཔ་འགྱོ་བའི་དུས་ལུ་ རང་ལུ་བལྟ་སྟེ་ངོ་ཚ་ནི་དང་ གཞན་ལུ་བལྟ་སྟེ་ ཁྲེལ་ཡོདཔ་གྱུར་ཏེ་ དེ་ཚུ་བསྲུང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱུ་ག་ཅི་ལས་འབད་རུང་འཐག་ཏེ་ ཁོད་སྟོད་དང་ཁོད་སྨད་ཚུ་བཀབ་སྟེ་ གྱོན་སྲོལ་བྱུང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ གོ་དང་དཀྱི་ར་ཚུ་འཐག་སྟེ་ གཟུགས་ཀྱི་མཛེས་རྒྱན་གཙོ་བོ་སྦེགྱོན་པའི་སྲོལ་བྱུང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཐགས་བཟོ་འདི་ མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་གིས་འཐག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཐགས་བཟོ་འདི་ལས་བརྟེན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ནང་ དངུལ་གྱི་འོང་འབབ་བཟོ་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལམ་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཁྱིམ་མཚེས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ལས་ འཕྲུལ་གྱིས་འཐག་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ གོ་དང་དཀྱི་ར་ཚུ་ ནང་འདྲེན་འབད་མ་དགོ་པར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་མགོ་རང་འདྲོང་གི་ དམིགས་ཡུལ་གྲུབ་ཐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ ཕན་ཐོགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ཐགས་བཟོ་མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ ཉམས་པ་སོར་ཆུད་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ མི་དབང་ཨ་ཞེ་སངྱས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་སྐྱབས་འཛིན་གྱི་འོག་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་འཛིན་ཐགས་རིགས་སློབ་སྡེ་ཟེར་ ཁེབ་ས་མེད་པའི་མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་གིས་ ན་གཞོན་དང་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཐགས་རིགས་ཀྱི་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ཚུ་ཡང་ གནང་དང་གནང་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ ཐགས་བཟོ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་དར་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ རང་ལུགས་སྔར་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ འཕྲུལ་རིག་གིས་འཐག་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་གོ་དང་དཀྱི་ར་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ རྩ་ལས་མ་འདྲ་བའི་མེ་ཏོག་གི་རྣམ་པ་ཚུ་ བཀྲིས་རྟགས་བརྒྱད་དང་ གཞན་ཡང་ མེ་ཏོག་གི་རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་སྦེ་ འཐག་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ སྤུས་ཚད་ཡང་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ལེགས་ཤོམ་འོངམ་ཨིན། ཐགས་བཟོ་འདི་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་གིས་འཐག་དོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ འབྲུག་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་ནང་ ཁྱབ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ འཐག་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པའི་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་ནང་གསེས་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt;   
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་། (༢༠༠༤) ལྷོའི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་འཇམ་མགོན་སྨོན་མཐའི་ཕྲེང་བ། ཐིམ་ཕུག། ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་།
# མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས། (༢༠༠༣) འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན། ཕིམ་ཕུག། སྐལ་བཟང་གཞན་ཕན།</text>
      <sha1>d441ulvklvur37fy1mziopx5z8syly8</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>བླུགས་བཟོ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4768</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29021</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-01T06:14:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ བླུགས་བཟོ་དེ་ཡང་ དང་ཕུ་ལས་དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ མཆོད་ཆའི་རིགས་དཔེར་ན་ རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་དྲིལ་བུ། ཏིང་ཤག་དང་ ཕ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="10673" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ བླུགས་བཟོ་དེ་ཡང་ དང་ཕུ་ལས་དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ མཆོད་ཆའི་རིགས་དཔེར་ན་ རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་དྲིལ་བུ། ཏིང་ཤག་དང་ ཕྲིན་ལས་ཀྱི་ལག་ཆའི་རིགས་ ཕུར་པ་དང་དགྲ་སྟ་ཚུ་དང་། གཞན་ཡང་ སྐུ་འདྲ་ཚུ་ བླུགས་བཟོ་རིག་པ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་བྱུང་བྱུངམ་ཨིན་མས། བླུགས་བཟོ་ལུ་དབྱེ་བ་ཅིན་ བྱེ་བླུགས་དང་སྤྱ་བླུགས་ཟེར་ ལྷམ་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་གཉིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དང་པ་ བྱེ་བླུགས་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སྐུ་དང་མཆོད་ཆས་ཚུ་བླུག་པའི་སྐབས་ སྐུ་རང་འབྱུང་དང་ ཡང་ན་ དུམ་བུར་བཅད་དེ་བསྐལ་པའི་བྱེམ་གྱི་ནང་ལུ་ འབུར་འཐོན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཟངས་དང་གསེར། དངུལ་ཚུ་བཞུ་སྟེ་རྒྱུ་ལམ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་བླུགས་ཏེ་བཟོ་མི་འདི་ལུ་ བྱེ་བླུགས་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་པས། བྱེ་བླུགས་འདི་ལཱ་འཇམ་པའི་ཁར་ སྤྱ་བླུགས་དང་ཕྱདཔ་ད་མགྱོགས་ནི་ཨིན་མས། སྤྱ་བླུགས་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སྐུ་དང་གཞན་ག་ཅི་ར་བླུགས་རུང་ དང་པ་ར་ སྤྱ་ཚིལ་གྱིས་དངོས་སྤྱད་ཀྱི་རྣམ་པ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ འདམ་དང་ནོར་གྱི་ཨ་བ་སླ་བསྲེས་རྐྱབ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ གར་སླ་རན་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ ཕྱི་ཁ་ལས་དབུར་ཏེ་ ཉི་གྲིབ་ནང་ཚར་ལེ་ཤ་བསྐམ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། འདམ་གྱི་ནང་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་དངོས་སྤྱད་སྤྱ་ཚིལ་གྱིས་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ བཞུ་ནི་དང་འདམ་འདི་བསྐམ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མེ་མ་བཏུབ་བཏུབ་སྦེ་གཏང་དགོ། དེའི་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱུ་ག་ཅི་བླུགས་ཡོད་རུང་བཞུ་སྟེ་ བླུག་མི་དེ་ལུ་ སྤྱ་བླུགས་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་ལུ་བླུགས་བཟོ་འདི་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས། སྡེ་སྲིད་ ༡༦ པ་ བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ ཡང་ན་ གཞི་དར་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ཐ་བྲག་དགོན་པའི་བླམ་རིམ་འབྱོན་ཚུ་ ཕུར་པའི་ཉམས་བཞེས་མཛདཔ་ལས་ གཙང་མཁན་ཆེན་འཇམ་དབྱངས་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་དངོས་སློབ་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་རྣམ་དྲུག་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མཚན་མ་རྫས་ཀྱི་ཕུར་པ་ཨེ་ཁྲམ་དང་ རྡོ་རྗེ་དྲིལ་བུ་ཚུ་ བླུག་པའི་ས་དོང་གི་ཤུལ་ ཐ་བྲག་དགོན་པ་ལུ་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་མཐོང་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ བྱེ་བླུགས་དང་སྤྱ་བླུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ རྡོ་རྗེ་དྲིལ་བུ་དང་ཕུར་པ། གང་གཟར་བླུགས་གཟར། ཏིང་ཤག། སྐུ་བླུགས་བླུགསཔ་ཚུ་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ འབྲུག་པའི་རྫོང་གཞིས་དང་དགོན་སྡེ་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ནང་ མཇལ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་བསྒང་ རྒྱ་བོད་དང་ཧོར་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ག་ཏེ་ལུ་ཡང་མེད་པའི་དྲིལ་བུ་སྐད་སྙན་དང་བཟོ་བཀོད་ཁྱད་པར་འཕགས་པའི་ལྷོ་དྲིལ་ཟེར་འགངས་ཅན་དང་བརྩི་མཐོང་སྦོམ་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་ཡང་འདུག། དེ་ལས་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ བླུགས་བཟོ་མཁས་པ་ལེ་ཤ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ མཆོད་ཆས་ཀྱི་རིགས་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བླུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༧ ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ བླུགས་བཟོའི་སྡེ་གསརཔ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། &lt;br&gt;
བླུགས་བཟོའི་ལཱ་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ ལག་ཆ་ག་ཅི་ར་དགོཔ་ཨིན་ན་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ གསེར་དངུལ་ཟངས་ཚུ་བཞུ་སའི་བཞུ་ཀོང་ཆེ་ཆུང་དང་ མེ་ཐབ་ཀྱི་ནང་ལུ་ རྡོ་སོལ་ནགཔོ་དང་ ཤིང་ས་ཀྲག་གི་སོལ་མོ་ཚུ་བླུག་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ བྱེ་བླུགས་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བསྐལ་པའི་བྱེམ་བརྔོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལྕགས་ཀྱི་སླ་ང་ཆེ་ཆུང་དང་ བྱེམ་བསིག་ཚགས་ཆེ་ཆུང་། བྱེམ་བརྫི་ནིའི་ཧོད་ཆེ་ཆུང་། བྱེ་འདམ་བཀང་སྟེ་ ཕུར་པ་དང་སྐུ་གི་བཟོ་དབྱིབས་བཟོ་ནིའི་ལྕགས་ལེབ་དང་ ཡང་ན་ ཤིང་གི་གཞོང་པ་ཆེ་ཆུང་དང་ ཤིང་གི་ཐོཝ། དེ་ལས་བྱེ་དམ་འབར་འབུར་ཚུ་སྙོམས་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཀྲེག་ནིའི་གྱི་ཅུང་། ཀོཝ་དང་འཕྲུལ་ཆས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ རི་མོ་གསལ་རི་རི་མ་ཐོན་པ་ཅིན་ སྤྲོས་བརྐོ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གཟོང་ཆེ་ཆུང་དང་ཐོཝ། གསེག་རྡར་གྲུ་གསུམ། ཟུར་བཞི། ཟླུམ་པོ་དང་ཟླ་གམ་སྣ་ཚོགས་དགོ་ནི་ཨིན་རུང་ བླུགས་བཟོ་རང་སོའི་ལུགས་སྲོལ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ དགོས་མཁོའི་ལག་ཆ་སྣ་ཚོགས་དགོཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ བླུགས་བཟོ་རིག་པ་དེ་ཡང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ སྔོན་གོང་ལས་དར་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ སྐུ་དང་མཆོད་ཆས་ཀྱི་རིགས་ཚུ་ བླུགས་བཟོ་སྦེབཟོ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། བླུགས་བཟོ་ལུ་ བྱེ་བླུགས་དང་སྤྱ་བླུགས་ཟེར་ དབྱེ་བ་གཉིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ལུགས་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཁྱབ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་ དར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། བླུགས་བཟོ་འདི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་རྙིངམ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ ཉམས་པ་སོར་ཆུད་འབད་དེ་བཞག་དགོཔ་འདི་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt;
 
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་། (༢༠༠༤) ལྷོའི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་འཇམ་མགོན་སྨོན་མཐའི་ཕྲེང་བ། ཐིམ་ཕུག། ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་།
# མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས། (༢༠༠༣) འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན། ཐིམ་ཕུག། སྐལ་བཟང་གཞན་ཕན།</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>རྡོ་བཟོ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4769</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29022</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-01T06:16:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ དུས་རབས་ ༧ པའི་ནང་ གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་འགོ་དང་པ་ བུམ་ཐང་བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་ སྤ་རོ་སྐྱིད་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་གཉིས་བཞེངས་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ ལྷ་ཁང་ག...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="11926" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ དུས་རབས་ ༧ པའི་ནང་ གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་འགོ་དང་པ་ བུམ་ཐང་བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་ སྤ་རོ་སྐྱིད་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་གཉིས་བཞེངས་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ ལྷ་ཁང་གི་འོག་གི་རྨང་གཞི་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ཐོག་གཡབ་ཚུན་ རྡོ་རྩིག་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཟུང་སྟེ་བཞེངས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྡོ་བཟོ་རིག་པ་འདི་ དེ་བསྒང་ལས་རང་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ལྷའི་ཞལ་ཡས་ཁང་དང་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཕོ་བྲང་། ཐུགས་རྟེན་མཆོད་རྟེན། ཕྱིའི་ལྕགས་རི་དང་ནང་གི་རྡོ་གཅལ། འཇིག་རྟེན་ཕལ་པའི་ཁྱིམ་དང་ ཐ་ན་ས་ཞིང་གི་རཝ་ཅིག་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ རྡོ་བཟོ་རིག་པ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་བཟོ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྡོ་བཟོ་རིག་པ་འདི་ ང་བཅས་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཉེ་བར་མཁོ་བའི་རིག་པ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ དུས་རབས་ ༩ པའི་ནང་ ལྷ་སྲས་གཙང་མ་འབྲུག་ལུ་བྱོན་པའི་བསྒང་འབྲུག་པའི་རྡོ་བཟོ་བོ་ཚུ་གིས་ཕོ་བྲང་ག་ར་ རྡོའི་མཁར་བརྩིགས་ཏེ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ལྷ་སྲས་གཙང་མའི་མཁར་ཟེར་བྱུང་ནུག། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༡ པའི་ནང་ ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་ ས་གནས་ཨུམ་གླིང་བང་སོ་ཟེར་སར་ བང་སོ་ཆོས་རྗེའི་ཕོ་བྲང་གི་ ཕྱི་ནང་དང་ཐོག་ཕུབ་ག་ར་ རྡོ་ལས་གྲུབ་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་ དཔེར་ན་ ཅོག་ཙེ་དང་གདན་ཁྲི། ཉལ་ཁྲི་དང་སྣོད་གཞོང་ཚུ་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ སའི་འོག་ལུ་གནོད་སྐྱོན་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་མཐོང་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་རྡོ་བཟོ་མཁས་པ་ཚུ་ དེ་བསྒང་ལས་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་ཤེས་ཚུགས་པས།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༣ པའི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་བ་ལྷ་སྣང་པ་གིས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྡོ་སྔོན་རྫོང་འདི་ཡང་ ནང་གི་ཕོ་བྲང་དང་ཕྱིའི་ལྕགས་རི་ཚུ་ག་ར་ རྡོ་རྩིག་ལས་གྲུབ་གྲུབ་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ རྡོ་རྩིག་དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་དུས་ ༧ པའི་ནང་གི་རྡོ་རྩིག་ཚུ་དང་ཕྱདཔ་ད་ ཟུར་རྡོ་ཚུ་ཕྲང་ཏང་ཏ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ རྡོ་ཟུར་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མཐུད་མཚམས་ཡང སྔར་བ་དྲགཔ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ད་རུང་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༤ པའི་ནང་ ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོའི་སྲས་ཉི་མ་གི་གདན་ས་ ལྕང་སྒང་ཁའི་ནང་ན་གི་འདུ་ཁང་འདི་ཡང་ ལོ་ངོ་ ༧༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་སོང་བའི་ རྡོ་རྩིག་ངོ་མ་ཨིནམ་དང་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༥ པའི་ནང་ གཏེར་སྟོན་པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་གདན་ས་བུམ་ཐང་ཀུན་བཟང་བྲག་གི་དགོན་པ་ཡང་ རྡོ་རྩིག་ཨིན་རུང་ དུས་རབས་ ༢༠ དེ་ཅིག་གི་ནང་ལས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཟུར་རྡོ་ཡང་སྲ་ཀྲག་ཀྲ་དང་ དམིགས་གསལ་གྱི་ཟུར་རྡོ་བཏོན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྟ་ཅུང་གིས་གཞོགས་ཏེ་ ཟུར་རྡོ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་བཟོ་བསྒྲུབ་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། དེ་ཚུ་ལུ་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ རྡོ་བཟོ་རིག་པ་འདི་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོང་མའི་སྐབས་ལས་ར་དར་ཡོད་རུང་ དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ མིའི་རིག་པ་ཡང་གོང་དུ་འཕེལ་ཏེ་ བཟོ་བཀོད་འདི་ཚུ་ཡང་ ལེགས་བཅོས་འབད་ཡི་ར་ དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་བཟོ་རིག་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ལྷ་ཁང་དང་དགོན་སྡེ། རྫོང་གཞིས་དང་འཇིག་རྟེན་པའི་ཁང་ཁྱིམ། རཝ་དང་ལྕགས་རི་ཚུ་ ཆེ་ཆུང་ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་བརྩིགས་རུང་ རྡོའི་དབྱེ་བ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དཔེར་ན་ ཁྱིམ་གྱི་གཞི་འགྱམ་བརྟན་ཏོག་ཏོ་འོང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྡོ་སྲ་ཀྲག་ཚུ་ལུ་ རྨང་རྡོ། རྨང་རྡོའི་ཐོག་ཁ་ལས་ རྡོ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་གྱིས་རྩིགཔ་ངོ་མ་འཐུ་མི་ལུ་ རྩིག་རྡོ། ཁྱིམ་གྱི་ཟུར་བཞི་བརྩིག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྡོ་གྲུ་བཞི་ཟུར་དང་ལྡན་པ་འདི་ལུ་ ཟུར་རྡོ། རྩིག་བཟོ་ཕྲང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ རྩིགཔ་ཕྱི་ནང་རིམ་པ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ས་སྟོང་བསུབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྡོ་ཆུང་། ཁྱིམ་དང་ལྷ་ཁང་། རྫོང་གཞིས་ཚུ་གི་གདོང་ཁར་ཐང་དང་ བར་ཁྱམས་མཐའ་སྐོར་ཚུ་ནང་ རྡོ་ལེབ་གཤིབ་མི་དེ་ལུ་ གཅལ་རྡོ་དང་ ཧེ་མའི་དུས་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཁྱིམ་ཐོག་བཀབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྡོ་ལེབ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལྷམ་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྡོ་རྩིག་ཚུ་ཡང་ མིག་ཁར་མཛེས་ནི་དང་ ཕྲང་ཏང་ཏ་འོང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྩིག་བཟོའི་རྩིག་ཐིག་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ག་ནི་བ་མཛེས་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་རྐྱབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ རྡོ་བཟོཔ་ཚུ་གིས་ རྡོ་རང་འབྱུང་ལས་ ཆུམ་བརྡུང་ནི་གི་རྡོའི་ལྷིའུ་དང་ ཕྱེ་དང་ཁ་རང་ཚུ་འཐག་ནིའི་རང་འཐག་དང་ཆུ་འཐག་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཉེ་བར་མཁོ་བའི་ཅ་ཆས་ དང་ཕུའི་དུས་ལུ་ཁྱབ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པར་ཡང་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་གཡུས་སྒོ་ཚུ་ནང་ མཐོང་ནི་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ག་ར་ རྡོ་བཟོ་མཁས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་བཟོ་བཟོཝ་གི་ཤུལ་བཞག་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ རྫོང་གཞིས་དང་ ལྷ་ཁང་། དགོན་སྡེ་དང་འཇིག་རྟེན་པའི་ཁང་ཁྱིམ། གཞན་ཡང་ ཐུགས་རྟེན་མཆོད་རྟེན་དང་ སྔོན་གྱི་དུས་ལུ་ འཕྲུལ་རིགས་ཀྱི་གོང་འཕེལ་མ་འགྱོ་བའི་སྐབས་ཉེ་བར་མཁོ་བའི་རང་འཐག་དང་ཆུ་འཐག། རྡོ་གཞོང་དང་རྡོའི་ལྷིའུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ ས་གནས་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ནང་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པར་མཐོང་སྲོལ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ རྡོ་བཟོ་རིག་པ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ བྱུང་བྱུངམ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྫོང་གཞིས་དང་ལྷ་ཁང་ཚུ་ དེང་སང་གི་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་གི་ཁྱིམ་གྱི་བཟོ་བཀོད་དང་ཅ་ཆས་ཚུ་ རྩ་ལས་ལག་ལེན་མ་འཐབ་པར་ རྡོ་དང་ཤིང་གིས་བསྒྲུབས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ དང་ཕུ་ལས་དར་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་། (༢༠༠༤) ལྷོའི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་འཇམ་མགོན་སྨོན་མཐའི་ཕྲེང་བ། ཐིམ་ཕུག། ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་།
# མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས། (༢༠༠༣) འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན། ཐིམ་ཕུག། སྐལ་བཟང་གཞན་ཕན།</text>
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    <title>ཚར་བཟོ།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-04-01T06:18:19Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ཚར་བཟོ་རིག་པ་དེ་ཡང་ སྔོན་དང་ཕུ་ལས་ དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་རབས་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་ནང་ ཡིག་ཐོག་ལུ་བཀོད་དེ་མེད་རུང་ དབྱེ་དཔྱད་འབ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="12061" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ཚར་བཟོ་རིག་པ་དེ་ཡང་ སྔོན་དང་ཕུ་ལས་ དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་རབས་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་ནང་ ཡིག་ཐོག་ལུ་བཀོད་དེ་མེད་རུང་ དབྱེ་དཔྱད་འབད་དེ་ལྟཝ་ད་ ནང་པ་སངྱས་པའི་བསྟན་པ་མ་དར་བའི་སྔོན་གོང་ལས་ གཡུང་དྲུང་གི་བོན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྦ་ཚར་ལས་འཐག་པའི་བང་ཅུང་ནང་ལུ་ བཟའ་བཅའི་རིགས་ཚུ་ བླུགས་ཏེ་ཟ་བའི་སྲོལ་བྱུང་ནུག། ག་དེ་སྦེ་སྨོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ བང་ཅུང་ཚུ་ནང་ རི་མོ་ཡང་གཡུང་དྲུང་བོན་གྱི་ངོ་རྟགས་ གཡུང་དྲུང་བཙུགས་ཏེ་འཐག་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ བང་ཅུང་དེ་ལུ་ མིང་ཡང་གཡུང་དྲུང་མེ་ཏོག་ཟེར་ སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྔོན་གྱི་དུས་ལུ་ ཚར་བཟོ་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་ ཁྱིམ་ནང་གི་ཅ་ཆས་ དཔེར་ན་ ལྟོ་ཟ་ནི། འབྲུ་སྣ་བཀང་ནི། ཆུ་བཀང་ནི། ཉི་མར་འབྲུ་རིགས་བསྐམ་ནི། ཁྱིམ་ཐོག་བཀབ་ནི་དང་ ཞིང་ཁའི་རཝ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ སྦ་ཚར་གྱིས་བཟོ་སྲོལ་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;
ཚར་བཟོ་འདི་ ཁྱབ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ར་ བཀྲིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ལས་ ཁྲིམས་ཤིང་རྐང་པར་དང་ མོང་སྒར་ཁེངས་ན་འགོར། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་ འབུམ་སྡེ་གླིང་གི་གཡུས་སྟོད་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་དང་ གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁང་ཚུ་ནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་གི་ཚར་བཟོཔ་ཚུ་གིས་བང་ཅུང་འཐག་སྲོལ་མིན་འདུག། གཡུས་ཚན་དེ་ནང་གི་ཕོ་མོ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྣོད་ཆས་མ་འདྲཝ་ བང་ཅུང་། ལག་ཅུང་། རེ་ལྡེ། སོ་རས་པ་ལང་། ཞྭམོ། ཙེའུ། ཆུ་སྣོད་པ་ལང་གི་ཤུབས་ཚུ་ འཐག་ཤེས་པའི་ཁར་ གཡུས་ཚན་དེ་ཚུའི་ནང་ལུ་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་ཡང་ ཅ་ཆས་འདི་ཚུ་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཡུང་དྲུང་གི་བང་ཅུང་འདི་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་ ཁེངས་ལས་འཐོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཚར་གྱིས་བཟོ་བའི་བང་ཅུང་མ་ཐོན་པའི་ཧེ་མ་ མོན་པའི་མི་ཚུ་བཟའ་འཐུང་གི་རིགས་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་པའི་སྐབས་ ཤིང་གི་ཤོམ་འདབ་ནང་ཟ་ནི་དང་འཐུང་ནིའི་རིགས་ཚུ་ སྦ་སྨྱུག་གི་ནང་ལུ་བླུགས་ཏེ་ ཟ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ མིའི་རིག་པ་ཡང་གོང་དུ་འཕེལ་ཏེ་ སྦ་སྨྱུག་ཚུ་པགས་ཀོ་བཤུས་ཏེ་ ཁྱིམ་ནང་གི་ཅ་ཆས་དང་ ཁྱིམ་ཐོག་ཚུ་ཡང་ སྦ་གིས་འཐག་སྟེ་བཀབ་ནིའི་སྲོལ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། བང་ཅུང་དེ་ལུ་ ལྷམ་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ མི་དྲག་ཞན་ཆེ་ཆུང་མེད་པར་ བང་ཅུང་ནང་ལྟོ་ཟ་ནིའི་སྲོལ་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༢༠ པ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཁམས་ཅིག་གི་བར་ན་ ཁྱབ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ དེང་སང་དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ རྒྱ་དཀར་ནག་གཉིས་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་ཚུ་ལས་ འགྱིབ་དང་དཀར་ཡོལ་གྱི་བང་ཅུང་དང་ཕོརཔ་ཐོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཚར་གྱི་བང་ཅུང་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནིའི་སྲོལ་ཉམས་ཡོད་རུང་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་ ཤིང་འབྲས་དང་སྲིབ་ལ་སོགས་པ་བཀང་སྟེ་ མགྱོནམོ་ཚུ་ལུ་ བཞེས་རྩམ་དང་སྤགས་ཚུ་ དྲང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཚར་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་བཟོ་བའི་ཅ་ཆས་ཚུ་ཡང་ བང་ཅུང་ཆེ་ཆུང་གི་རིགས། གཟེབམ། འབོད་ལོ། ལག་ཅུང་། རེ་ལྡེ། ཆང་བཤོ། སྦི་འཁྱབ། པ་ལང་། བཞི་བང་། གསིག་མ། རྫེ་ཀོ། ཇ་བཙག། གཟེབ་ཅུང་། ཙེའུ། ཀུ་ཏོ། ཀར་གྱི་གསིག་མ་དང་ཕྱེའི་གསིག་མ། ལྟོ་བཙག། བལ་གྱི་ཁོད་སྟོད། བལ་ཤད། མཆོད་ཆས་ཀྱི་ཤུབས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བཟོ་རྣམ་དང་རི་མོ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཅ་ཆས་དེ་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གཡུས་གོ་ཚུ་ནང་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ ཁྱབ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཚར་གྱི་ཧོད་ཆས་དེ་ཚུ་ ཚོས་གཞི་ལྷམ་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་གི་དབྱེ་བ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བང་ཅུང་དང་རྩེ་གཟེབམ། ལག་ཅུང་དང་འབོད་ལོ་ཚུ་ ཚར་དཀར་རྐྱང་དང་ཚོན་ཁྲ་ཅན་གང་རུང་ རང་གི་བློ་འདོད་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ འཐག་སྲོལ་ཡོད། སྦ་ཟེ། སྦི་འཁྱབ། གསིག་མ། བཞི་ཆ། ཁྱུང་་ཅུང་། རེ་ལྡེ་ཚུ་ ཚར་དཀར་རྐྱང་གིས་འཐགཔ་ཨིན། ཚོན་ཁྲ་ཡང་ཚོས་གཞི་སེརཔོ། ལྗང་ཁུ། དམརཔོ་དང་ལྗང་ནག་ཚུ་གིས་བཟོ་སྟེ་འཐགཔ་ཨིན། སྟག་ཁྲ་མེ་ཏོག་ཚུ་ ཚོས་གཞི་དམརཔོ་དང་དཀརཔོ་གིས་འཐག་ནི་དང་ གཡུང་དྲུང་མེ་ཏོག་ཚུ་ ཚོས་གཞི་སེརཔོ། དམརཔོ་དང་ལྗང་ནག་ཚུ་སླ་བསྲེས་ཏེ་འཐགཔ་ཨིན། ཚོས་གཞི་ཚུ་ལས་ སེརཔོ་འདི་ཡུང་སྒ་གིས་བཟོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དམརཔོ་འདི་ བཙོད་དང་ལྗང་ཁུ་འདི་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་པའི་ཁ་སྐད་ནང་ལུ་ ཡང་ཁག་པ་ཟེར་མི་ཚུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཚར་བསྐམ་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ ཚོས་ཆུ་ནང་བཙོ་སྟེ་བཟོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ ཚད་གཞི་བགོ་ཐངས་དང་འཐག་ཐངས་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཆེ་ཆུང་གི་ཚད་གཞི་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ འཐག་ཐངས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ རྒྱུ་ཚར་གྱིས་འཐག་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཚར་བཟོ་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ ཚར་བཟོ་འདི་ ནང་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་མ་དར་བའི་སྔ་གོང་ལས་ར་ཡོད་པའི་བཟོ་རིག་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཚར་བཟོ་དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཁྱིམ་ནང་གི་ཧོད་ཆས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་འཐག་སྟེ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ དང་ཕུའི་དུས་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཧོད་ཆས་ཚུ་ འཇིག་རྟེན་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཉེ་བར་མཁོ་བའི་ཅ་ཆས་ཅིག་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཚར་བཟོའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་འདི་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ བཀྲིས་སྒང་། མོང་སྒར། གཞལམ་སྒང་དང་ བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་གི་གཡུས་གོ་ཚུ་ནང་ མ་ཉམས་པར་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གཡུས་གོ་དེ་ནང་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་ དངུལ་གྱི་འོང་འབབ་ཡང་ ཚར་བཟོ་རིག་པ་དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ འཐོབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས་གོ།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་། (༢༠༠༤) ལྷོའི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་འཇམ་མགོན་སྨོན་མཐའི་ཕྲེང་བ། ཐིམ་ཕུག། ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་།
# མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས། (༢༠༠༣) འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན། ཐིམ་ཕུག། སྐལ་བཟང་གཞན་ཕན།</text>
      <sha1>dw4x7omio118gm8ra717qixk98r08bu</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ལྕགས་བཟོ་ ཡང་ན་མགར་བཟོ།</title>
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      <id>29024</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-01T06:21:36Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Rpel</username>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ དེ་ཡང་ མཚོན་ཆའི་རིགས་ རལ་གྲི། སྟ་རེ། གྲི་གུག། གདུང་། ཁ་ཊཱཾ། འཁོར་ལོ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལྷའི་ཕྱག་མཚན་ཡང་ན་མཆོད་ཆས་དང་ སྟ་རེ། ཏོག་ཙེ་དང་དཔའ་རྟགས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལག་ཆ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="12319" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ དེ་ཡང་ མཚོན་ཆའི་རིགས་ རལ་གྲི། སྟ་རེ། གྲི་གུག། གདུང་། ཁ་ཊཱཾ། འཁོར་ལོ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལྷའི་ཕྱག་མཚན་ཡང་ན་མཆོད་ཆས་དང་ སྟ་རེ། ཏོག་ཙེ་དང་དཔའ་རྟགས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལག་ཆ་ཚུ་ རྒྱུ་ཕོ་ལྕགས། མོ་ལྕགས། མ་ནིང་གི་ལྕགས། འདྲེས་ལྕགས་ཚུ་ལས་ ལྕགས་བཟོ་མཁས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ ལག་རྩལ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ བཟོ་མི་ལུ་ལྕགས་བཟོ་ཡང་ན་མགར་བཟོ་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། མགརཝ་ཚུ་གིས་བརྡུངས་པའི་རལ་གྲི། དཔའ་རྟགས་གྱི་རིང་། གྱི་ཅུང་། སྟ་རེ། གདུང་རྩེ་གཅིག་པ། རྩེ་གཉིས་མ་དང་རྩེ་གསུམ་པ་ཚུ་གི་དགོས་པ་ཡང་ ཕ་རོལ་དགྲ་ཚུ་བཅོམ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ གཅད་བྱའི་དངོས་པོ་བཏོག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་བཟོཝ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཚུ་ གཡུས་གོ་སོ་སོའི་ནང་ མཚོན་ཆ་གི་བཟོ་དབྱིབས་དང་རྡུང་ཐངས་ཚུ་ཡང་ སོ་སོ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ལྕགས་བཟོ་ཡང་ན་མགར་བཟོ་འདི་ དང་ཕུ་ལས་དར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ གྲུབ་ཆེན་ལྕགས་ཟམ་པ་མཆོག་བོད་ལུ་ ལྕགས་ཟམ་བཙུགས་ནིའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད་ཡོད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ ལྕགས་མ་ཐོབ་པར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༤༣༣ ལུ་ སྤ་རོ་ལུ་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྤ་རོ་ཝ་ཆུ་གི་ལྟག་ལས་ཡར་འགྱོ་བའི་སྐབས་ ས་གནས་ལྕགས་བརྐོ་ལ་ཟེར་ས་ལུ་ ལྕགས་ཀྱི་གཏེར་བཏོན་ཏེ་གནང་མིའི་ཤུལ་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡང་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྕགས་དེ་ཚུ་ སྤ་རོ་ཚེ་ལུང་ནང་། ཝ་ཆུ། དུང་དཀར། བྱིའུ་ཕུ། གནས་ཕུ། དོལ་ཕུ། བྲག་ཝང་ཟེར་བའི་གཡུས་ཚན་ཚུ་ནང་ མགརཝ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཁོང་ལུ་ལྕགས་ཀྱི་སྟནམ་རེ་གནང་སྟེ་ ལྕགས་ཐག་དོ་དོ་སྦེ་བརྡུང་བཅུག་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ གྲུབ་ཐོབ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤ་རོ་རྟ་མཆོག་སྒང་གི་འོག་ལུ་ སྒྲོལ་མ་ལྕགས་ཟམ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་རྐྱབ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། གྲུབ་ཐོབ་མཆོག་གིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ལན་ཐེངས་གསུམ་བྱོན་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ལྕགས་ཟམ་བརྒྱད་རྐྱབ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ བཀྲིས་སྒང་ལྕགས་ཟམ། ཀུ་རི་ཆུའི་ལྕགས་ཟམ། མོང་སྒར་གཅན་མཁར་ལྕགས་ཟམ། བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་མདོ་གསུམ་གྱི་ལྕགས་ཟམ་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས། ལྕགས་ཟམ་དེ་ཚུ་གི་ལྕགས་ཐག་ག་ར་ འབྲུག་པའི་ལྕགས་བཟོཔ་ཚུ་གིས་བརྡུངས་བརྡུངསམ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ལྕགས་བཟོ་འདི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ སྔོན་གོང་ལས་ དར་ཁྱབ་སོང་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་བཟོ་རིག་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རལ་གྲི་འདི་ག་དེ་སྦེ་བྱུང་བྱུངམ་ཨིན་ན་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ དང་ཕུ་ ལྷ་མིན་དང་སྲིན་པོ་ཚུ་ འཛིང་འཁྲུག་ལངས་པའི་སྐབས་ ལྷ་མིན་གྱིས་མཚོན་ཆ་འཚོལ་བར་འགྱོ་བའི་ཚེ་ དྲག་པོའི་འབྱུང་པོ་ཟེར་མི་གི་ལག་པར་ མཚོན་ཆ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་མཐོང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ ལྷ་མིན་གྱི་ནང་ལས་ སྟོབས་ཀྱི་དྲེགས་པ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་གིས་ མཚོན་ཆ་འཕྱོག་པར་འགྱོཝ་ད་ དྲག་པོའི་འབྱུང་པོ་འདྲོགས་ཏེ་ བྱོག་འགྱོ་བའི་སྐབས་ བྱོག་མ་ཐལ་བར་ མཐའ་མཇུག་ལུ་ ཁོ་ར་ལྕགས་ཀྱི་གོང་བུ་ཕ་ཝང་འོད་འབར་བ་ཅིག་ལུ་སྤྲུལ་ཏེ་ ཡལ་ཡར་སོཔ་ཨིན་མས། འདི་འཕྲོ་ལས་ ལྷ་མིན་གྱིས་ལྕགས་འདི་ལས་ རལ་གྲི་བརྡུངས་ཏེ་ མཚོན་ཆའི་མིང་ཡང་ རལ་གྲི་འོད་འབར་བ་ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་བྱུང་ནུག། རལ་གྲི་འདི་ ནུབ་མོ་མེ་འབར་ནི་དང་ གནམ་ལུ་གདེངས་པ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ ཕ་རོལ་གྱི་དགྲ་བཅོམ་སྟེ་ བཏོགས་གཏང་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཤུལ་ལས་ སོག་པོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ གཡུས་མཐའ་ཟུར་ཅིག་ནང་བབས་ཏེ་ སོག་པོའི་མགརཝ་ཐུག་རྒྱལ་གྱིས་ རལ་གྲི་འདི་དཔེ་བལྟ་སྟེ་ མཚོན་ཆ་ལེ་ཤ་བརྡུངས་ཏེ་ མཚོན་ཆ་དེ་ཚུ་ རྣོ་བ། ཡང་བ་དང་ཐོགས་མེད་གཅོད་པ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཤུལ་ལས་ སོག་པོའི་གྱི་ལུ་དཔེ་བལྟ་སྟེ་ ཞང་གི་མགརཝ་ཚུ་གིས་བརྡུངས་པའི་རལ་གྲི་ཞང་མ་ཟེར་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ རྒྱ་བོད་ཧོར་དང་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡང་ དཔེ་བལྟ་སྟེ་ རྡུང་སྲོལ་དར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་ལུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པའི་དཔའ་རྟགས་དང་གྱི་ཅུང་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡང་ ནང་གསེས་ཀྱི་དབྱེ་བ་མ་འདྲཝ་ བཟོ་དབྱིབས་དང་བྱེད་ལས། བརྡུང་སའི་ས་གནས་སོ་སོ་དང་ རྡུང་མི་གི་མིང་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ ལྷོ་གྲི་ངར་མ། བུམ་ཐང་བཙན་གྲི། ཆུ་ཁཔ་བསྟན་འཛིན། ནག་ཕ་ལ། སྒྲོ་གཟུགསམ། གཏོར་གྲི། རྦད་དུམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གྱི་ཚུ་འབྲུག་པའི་མགརཝ་ཚུ་གིས་བརྡུངས་བརྡུངསམ་དང་ ཆུ་གྲི་མུན་པ་རེག་ཆོད། བཏབ་པ་རེག་ཆོད། རལ་གྲི་ངར་མ་ཁྲག་འཐུང་། རླུང་གྲི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་གྱི་མགརཝ་ཚུ་གིས་བརྡུངས་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་དཔའ་རྟགས་ཚུ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ དཔའ་རྟགས་ཀྱི་ཤུབས་ཡང་ ཆུ་རིས་ཅནམ། བན་རྐྱང་། ཧོ་ཤུབས་ཅནམ་ བསེ་ནག་ཅནམ་དང་ སྦལ་པགས་ཅནམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལྷམ་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ལུས་ཀྱི་རྒྱན་དང་ ཤེས་རབ་ཆེ་བའི་ངོ་རྟགས་ལུ་ གཞུང་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་ཆེས་མཐོའི་དཔོན་ཁག་ཚུ་གི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་གནངམ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གཞན་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ མགར་བཟོཔ་ཚུ་གིས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་མི་ཚེ་འདི་ནང་ ཉེ་བར་མཁོ་བའི་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལག་ཆ་ ཏོག་ཙེ་དང་སྟ་རེ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ཁྱིམ་ནང་ལུ་མཁོ་བའི་ཅ་ཆས་དང་ཐབ་ཆས་ཚུ་ཡང་ རྒྱུ་ལྕགས་དང་ཀ་ལ། ཟངས་སེར་དང་ཟངས་དམར་ཚུ་ལས་ བཟོ་དབྱིབས་མ་འདྲཝ་རྣམ་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་སྦེ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ གཡུས་གོ་ཚུ་ནང་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དང་འཐབ་བཞིན་དུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མགར་བཟོ་འདི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ སྔོན་དང་ཕུ་ལས་དར་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་བཟོ་རིག་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ ཉམས་པ་སོར་ཆུད་འབད་ནི་འདི་ གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt;   
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་། (༢༠༠༤) ལྷོའི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་འཇམ་མགོན་སྨོན་མཐའི་ཕྲེང་བ། ཐིམ་ཕུག། ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་།
# མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས། (༢༠༠༣) འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན། ཐིམ་ཕུག། སྐལ་བཟང་གཞན་ཕན།</text>
      <sha1>nxiy38w0tf6rkww1gbvoghd21n5xmqf</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>སྤྲོས་བཟོ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4772</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29025</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-01T06:29:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ སྤྲོས་བཟོ་རིག་པ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ རྒྱུ་གསེར་དངུལ་དང་ཟངས་ཚུ་ལས་ མཆོད་ཆས་ཀྱི་རིགས་ དཔེར་ན་ དུང་། རྒྱ་གླིང་། རྐང་དུང་། མཎྜལ། མཆོད་ཏིང་། པད་སྡེར། བུམ་པ། ཐང་ཀའི་ཏོག། ཚེ་གཏོར་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="11321" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ སྤྲོས་བཟོ་རིག་པ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ རྒྱུ་གསེར་དངུལ་དང་ཟངས་ཚུ་ལས་ མཆོད་ཆས་ཀྱི་རིགས་ དཔེར་ན་ དུང་། རྒྱ་གླིང་། རྐང་དུང་། མཎྜལ། མཆོད་ཏིང་། པད་སྡེར། བུམ་པ། ཐང་ཀའི་ཏོག། ཚེ་གཏོར་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་དང་ སྐུའི་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གི་རྒྱན་ དཔེར་ན་ དབུ་རྒྱན། མགུལ་རྒྱན། སྙན་རྒྱན། དཔུང་རྒྱན། ཕྱག་གདུབ་ཚུ་དང་ འཇིག་རྟེན་ཕོ་མོ་ཚུ་གི་མཛུབ་དཀྱི། གའུ། སིན་ཅུ། ཀོ་མ། གདོབ་ཅུ། བ་ཁྲ་ཚུ་དང་ དཔའ་རྟགས་ཀྱི་ཤུབས། བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྟགས་བརྒྱད་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་སྣ་བདུན། འབྲུག་རིས་པ་ཏྲའི་རི་མོ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ མཛེས་རྒྱན་སྣ་ཚོགས་ སྤྲོས་བཟོ་མཁན་གྱིས་ ཚགས་སྤྲོས་དང་འཇམ་སྤྲོས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ བཟོ་སྐྲུན་འབད་མི་དེ་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན། སྤྲོས་བཟོ་རིག་པ་དེ་ཡང་ སྔོན་དང་ཕུ་ལས་དར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ འཇིམ་བཟོཔ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྐུའི་མགུལ་རྒྱན་དང་སྙན་རྒྱན་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ཚུ་ འདམ་པ་གིས་བཟོ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ སྦྱིན་བདག་འབྱོར་པ་ཅན་ཚུ་གིས་ རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱན་ཚུ་ གསེར་དང་དངུལ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྤྲོས་བརྐོ་སྟེ ཕུལ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྔོན་གྱི་དུས་ལུ་ རྒྱལཔོ་དང་བླ་ཆེན་ཚུ་གི་བཞུགས་ཁྲི་ཚུ་ཡང་ གསེར་དང་དངུལ་གྱིས་བརྡུངས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རི་མོ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་སྤྲོས་བརྐོ་སྟེ་ཡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཆོས་འབྱུང་དང་རྒྱལ་རབས་ཚུ་ནང་ གསེར་ཁྲི་དང་དངུལ་ཁྲི་ཟེར་དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན་མས། ཧེ་མ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ ༡༦ པ་ བསོད་ནམས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཡང་ན་སྡེཔ་གཞི་དར་གྱི་འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་ལས་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གི་ཐུགས་རྟེན་ མཆོད་རྟེན་གསེར་ལྗང་རྡུང་དང་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒོ་མང་། དབྱེན་ཟླུམ་མཆོད་རྟེན་གཉིས་ཡང་ རྒྱུ་དངུལ་རང་འབྱུང་གི་ཚགས་སྤྲོས་དང་འཇམ་སྤྲོས་ལུ་མཁས་པའི་འབྲུག་གི་སྤྲོས་བཟོཔ་ཚུ་གིས་ བཟོ་བའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ སྤུངས་ཐང་རྗོང་གི་ཀུན་དགའ་ར་བའི་སྟེང་ཐོག་གི་གསེར་གྱི་རྒྱ་ཕིབས་དེ་ཡང་ སྤྲོས་བཟོཔ་ཚུ་གིས་བཞེངས་གནང་བའི་སྐོར་ལས་ ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྲོས་རྐོ་ལུ་ དབྱེ་བ་མ་འདྲཝ་ ཚགས་སྤྲོས་དང་ འཇམ་སྤྲོས་ཟེར་གཉིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཚགས་སྤྲོས་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སྤྲོས་བཟོཔ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྦྱིན་བདག་གི་བློ་འདོད་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ གསེར་དངུལ་གྱི་རྒྱན་ཆ་ཚུ་ལུ་ རི་མོ་མ་འདྲཝ་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྟགས་བརྒྱད་དང་འབྲུག་རིས། ཙི་པ་ཏྲ། ཤིང་ལོ་པ་ཏྲ། འཁོར་ལོ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ འབུར་བཏོན་ཏེ་སྤྲོས་བརྐོ་་མི་ལུ་ སླབ་ཨིན། དེ་སྦེ་མེན་པར་ རི་མོའི་རྒྱུ་ལམ་དང་བསྟུན་ འབུར་མེདཔ་སྦེ་ སྤྲོས་བརྐོ་བ་ཅིན་ འཇམ་སྤྲོས་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་པས། སྤྲོས་རྐོ་བའི་སྐབས་ གསེར་དང་དངུལ་ག་ཅི་ར་ཨིན་རུང་ བཞུ་ཀོང་ཡང་ན་་རྫམ་ནང་བཞུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ མགར་སྟེགས་གུར་བཀལ་ཏེ་ སྲབ་སྟུག་རན་ཏོག་ཏོ་ ཐོཝ་གིས་བརྡར་ཏེ་བཟོཝ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ དང་པ་ར་ རྒྱན་ཆ་ག་ཅི་བཟོ་ནི་ཨིན་རུང་ དེ་གི་བཟོ་དབྱིབས་ཐིག་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་ཏོག་ཏོ་གིས་མ་བཟོ། གཉིས་པ་ ཚགས་སྤྲོས་དང་འཇམ་སྤྲོས་གང་རུང་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ མཛེས་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་སྤྲོས་བཟོ། གསུམ་པ་ དེ་གི་ཐོག་ཁར་ཕྲེང་རྡོག་བཀལ། ཕྲེང་རྡོག་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ཀོ་མ་དང་བ་ཁྲ་གི་སྒོར་ཐིག་དང་། བུམ་པ་དང་མཎྜལ། ཚེ་གཏོར་ཚུ་གི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ལུ་ ཕྲེང་བའི་བཟོ་དབྱིབས་བཟུམ་གྱིས་བརྒྱན་ཏེ་བཟོ་མི་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན། མཇུག་ར་ མཐའ་དཔྱད་ཀྱི་རིམ་པ་ཟེར་ གཟོང་དང་གསེག་རྡར་གྱིས་ ལེགས་བཅོས་དང་་ཞུན་དག་རྐྱབ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལཱ་གི་རིམ་པ་བཞི་དེ་ཅིག་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
སྤྲོས་རྐོའི་ལཱ་འདི་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ སྤྲོས་བཟོཔ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཉེ་བར་མཁོ་བའི་ཅ་ཆས་ལེ་ཤ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དང་པ་ དངུལ་རྒྱུ་འཇམ་སམ་བརྡར་ནི་དང་ མ་བཟོ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཁ་ཀྲམ་ཤིང་། འཕྲུལ་འཁོར་ལྕགས་ངར། བར་ཐོ། སྦུབས་ཐོ་བཅས་བཞི་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ སྐོར་ཐིག། ཕུད་གཟོང་། གཏིང་གཟོང། མཐའ་གཟོང་། འབུར་གཟོང་། ཁ་རལ་གཟོང་། འཁྱམ་རྡོ་གཅད་ནིའི་གཟོང་། ཕྲེང་རྡོག་བཙབ་ནིའི་གཟོང་། ཐོ་ཅུང་། བར་ཐོ་དང་ཐོཝ་སྦོམ་ཚུ་ ཚགས་སྤྲོས་དང་འཇམ་སྤྲོས་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཉེ་བར་མཁོ་བའི་ཅ་ཆས་ཚུ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
མཇུག་ར་ སྤྲོས་བཟོ་འདི་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ སྔོན་དང་ཕུ་ལས་དར་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྲོས་བཟོ་གི་རྒྱན་ཆ་ དཔེར་ན་ ཀོ་མ། མཛུབ་ཅུང་། སིན་ཅུ། གདོབ་ཅུ་ཚུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནིའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་འདི་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ཡང་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ མཆོད་ཆས་ཀྱི་རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ནང་པ་ཆོས་ལྡན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ མེད་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱན་ཆས་དང་མཆོད་ཆས་དེ་ཚུ་ དེང་སང་གི་དུས་ལུ་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་གཞི་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སྤྲོས་བཟོཔ་དང་ཚོང་པ་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་གིས་ དངུལ་གྱི་འོང་འབབ་འབོར་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཟོ་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལམ་སྲོལ་འདི་ མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ ཉམས་པ་སོར་ཆུད་ཀྱི་འདི་ འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་འགན་ཁུར་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན་ནོ།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་། (༢༠༠༤) ལྷོའི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་འཇམ་མགོན་སྨོན་མཐའི་ཕྲེང་བ། ཐིམ་ཕུག། ཀེ་ཨེམ་ཀྲི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་།
# མཁན་པོ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས། (༢༠༠༣) འབྲུག་གི་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་བཤད་པ་མཁས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན། ཐིམ་ཕུག། སྐལ་བཟང་གཞན་ཕན།</text>
      <sha1>59bn2c7jwullvrx5zx2yydop723hlzr</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ལས་སྡེ་མ་འདྲཝ།</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>29026</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-01T06:46:22Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Rpel</username>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;=== སེམས་དོན་རིག་པའི་སྤེལ་ཁང་། ===  &lt;big&gt;སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁའི་རྗོང་གི་ཉེ་འདབས་ལུ་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་ སེམས་དོན་རིག་པའི་སྤེལ་ཁང་གི་འབྱུང་རབས་ དུམ་དྲག་ཅིག་ཞུ་བ་ཅིན་ དང་པ་ར་ ག་གིས་གཞི་བཙ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="9677" xml:space="preserve">=== སེམས་དོན་རིག་པའི་སྤེལ་ཁང་། === 
&lt;big&gt;སེམས་རྟོགས་ཁའི་རྗོང་གི་ཉེ་འདབས་ལུ་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་ སེམས་དོན་རིག་པའི་སྤེལ་ཁང་གི་འབྱུང་རབས་ དུམ་དྲག་ཅིག་ཞུ་བ་ཅིན་ དང་པ་ར་ ག་གིས་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་ཅི་ག་དང་ ག་དེ་སྦེ་་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་ནུག་ག་  དེ་ལས་ག་ཅི་སྦེ་་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་མཛདཔ་ཨིན་ནའི་སྐོར་ལས་ དོན་ཚན་བཞིའི་ནང་བསྡུ་སྟེབྲི་ནི་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
[[File:Office_organisation.png|thumb | '''ལས་སྡེ།''']]
&lt;big&gt;སེམས་དོན་རིག་པའི་སྤེལ་ཁང་འདི་ ག་གིས་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་མཛདཔ་སྨོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ དམ་པའི་ངང་ཚུལ་དགུ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་འགྲོ་བ་སྤྱིའི་སྐྱབས་གནས་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་བསོད་ནམས་ཀྱི་སྟོབས་ལས་འཁྲུངས་པའི་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་བདུན་ཅུ་པ་སྤྲུལ་པའི་སྐུ་མཆོག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ འཇིགས་མེད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་གྲགས་པ་དཔལ་བཟང་པོ་གིས་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན་མས།
སྤེལ་ཁང་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༠ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༡ གནམ་ལོ་ཤིང་རྟ་རང་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༨ རང་ལུགས་འདས་ལོ་ ༣༦༣ ལུ་ གཟའ་ཚེས་དགེ་བའི་ཉིནམ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་དུས་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཚེ་རིང། (༢༠༢༡)&lt;br&gt;
དེ་ཡང་ ག་དེ་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་ནུག་ག་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ དང་པ་ར་ ཆེས་མཐོའི་དཔོན་ཁག་དག་པ་ཅིག་དང སློབ་ཕྲུག་ངོ་གྲངས་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་དང་མཁན་པོ་རྣམ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་སྦེ་ བདེ་ཆེན་ཕོ་བྲང་ལས་སྦེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ ད་ལྟོའི་ས་ཁོངས་སྲིནམོ་ལྟོ་ཁ་ སེམས་དོན་རིག་པའི་སྤེལ་ཁང་ནང་སྤོ་བཤུད་མཛད་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན་པས། སྤེལ་ཁང་འགོ་བཙུགསཔ་ད་ འཕྲོ་མཐུད་ཤེས་ཡོན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག་། སློབ་སྦྱོང་དེ་གི་དོན་ལུ་དུས་ཚོད་དེ་ཡང་ ཕྱི་རུ་ཆུ་ཚོད་དྲུག་ལས་བརྒྱད་ཚུན་བཟོ་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།  དེ་ལས་ཚུར་ ནང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཕན་ཐོགས་རྒྱ་ཆེ་དྲགས་ཡོདཔ་་མཁྱེན་ཏེ་ སྐྱབས་རྗེ་མཆོག་དང་སློབ་དཔོན་ལྷན་རྒྱས་རྣམས་མོས་མཐུན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ ༢༠༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༦ ལུ་གཏན་འཇགས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་སློབ་སྦྱོང་འབད་སའི་སྤེལ་ཁང་སྦེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག།  སྤེལ་ཁང་དེ་ཡང་ མཁན་པོ་དང་སློབ་དཔོན་བསྡོམས་བཞི་དང་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཕོ་མོ་བསྡོམས་ ༣༣ དེ་ཅིག་སྦེ་་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་དགོ་པའི་དོན་དག་དེ་ཡང་ གཙོ་བོ་ར་ སངས་རྒྱས་དང་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་མཛད་པ་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ ཟབ་པ་དང་རྒྱ་ཆེ་ནི་འདི་གིས་་ང་བཅས་ཐ་མལ་པའི་བློ་གིས་ག་ཏེ་་བདའ་ཟུན་ནི་ བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་འཇལ་མི་ཚུགས་ནི་་ཨིན་པས། ཨིན་རུང་ རྗེས་དཔག་ཚད་མ་གིས་་རྗེས་སུ་དཔགས་ཏེ་དུམ་དྲ་ཅིག་ཞུ་བ་ཅིན། གཙོ་བོ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་བཙན་བརྟན་པོར་གནས་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་དང། མི་དབང་མཆོག་དང་གཞུང་གི་བཞེད་དོན་བླ་ན་མེད་པ་ཚུ་འགྲུབ་ཐབས་དང། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ནང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་ལྟ་སྒོམ་སྤྱོད་གསུམ་འབྲས་བུ་དང་བཅས་པར་ འགྲོ་བ་ཀུན་གྱིས་འཐོབ་སྟེ་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས་སྤྱི་དང སྒོས་སུ་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ བདེ་ཞིང་སྐྱིད་པའི་ཉི་མ་ཤར་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་གནས་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ རྐྱབས་རྗེ་མཆོག་གིས་སྤེལ་ཁང་འདི་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གླུ་ཚིག་གཅིག་བརྩམས་གནང་མི་དེའི་མཇུག་ལུ་ ཞུའོ་ལེགས་པའི་སྨོན་ལམ། །སེམས་དོན་རིག་པའི་ལྟ་བ། །འགྲོ་བ་ཀུན་གྱིས་འཐོབ་ནས། །བདེ་ཆེན་ཆོས་སྐུའི་ས་ལ། །གཅིག་ཏུ་འཛོམས་པའི་སྨོན་ལམ།། སྐྱབས་རྗེ་ཁྲི་རབས་བདུན་ཅུ་པ། (༢༠༡༦) ཞེས་གླུ་ཚིག་གི་ཚིག་དང་དོན་ཚུ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ མནོ་བསམ་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་བཏང་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ སྤེལ་ཁང་གཞི་བཙུགས་དགོ་པའི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་འདི་ ཁྱད་དུ་འཕགས་པ་ཅིག་དང རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན་པས་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནི་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
མཇུག་ར་སྐྱབས་རྗེ་མཆོག་གིས་སྤེལ་ཁང་དེའི་མིང་དང་དོན་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་་སྨོན་ཚིག་ཡང་དེ་སྦེ་ར་གསུངས་རྩོམ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། འཁོར་འདས་བྱེད་པོ་རང་སེམས་གཉུག་མའི་དོན། །དེ་ཉིད་རིག་པའི་ཐབས་ཚུལ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་གཞུང། །སྤེལ་བའི་ཁང་བཟང་པད་མའི་དགའ་ཚལ་འདིར། །སྐལ་ལྡན་བུང་བའི་ཚོགས་རྣམས་དར་རྒྱས་ཤོག། སྐྱབས་རྗེ་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༧༠ པ། ཅེས་སྨོན་ལམ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནི་ཨིན། སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་ཕྱོགས་མཐར་རྒྱས་འགྱུར་ཅིག། དགེའོ།།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཚེ་རིང། (༢༠༢༡) སེམས་དོན་རིག་པའི་སྤེལ་ཁང། སྲིནམོ་ལྟོ་ཁ།
# སྐྱབས་རྗེ་ཁྲི་རབས་བདུན་བཅུ་པ། (༢༠༡༦)སེམས་དོན་རིག་པའི་སྤེལ་ཁང།</text>
      <sha1>kws90ah5eutn2td5oq3vcs6wrp0x0vp</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>འབྲུག་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4774</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29027</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-01T07:01:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;=== འབྲུག་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས། === &lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལུ་ ཞི་བའི་མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་ནང་ལུ་ ཐོ་བཀོད་གྲུབ་པའི་མི་དམངས...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="9257" xml:space="preserve">=== འབྲུག་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས། ===
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལུ་ ཞི་བའི་མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་ནང་ལུ་ ཐོ་བཀོད་གྲུབ་པའི་མི་དམངས་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་ཨིན། 
མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་དགོངས་དོན་དེ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་མངའ་བདག་རྒྱལཔོ་དཔལ་མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་འཆར་སྣང་ བྱམས་བརྩེ་དང་དྲང་བདེན་ཅན་གྱི་མི་སྡེ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་གིས་ སེམས་ཤུགས་བྱིན་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༤ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༦ ལུ་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་བཙུན་ཨ་ཞེ་རྗེ་བཙུན་པདྨ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ སྐྱིད་སྡུག་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་འགུལ་ཅིག་སྦེ་འགོ་འབྱེད་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;/big&gt; [https://absbhutan.org/ Ability Bhutan]
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ གྱི་ལོ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཁམས་ཅིག་ལུ་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོད་པའི་ཨ་ལུའི་ཕམ་ཚུ་གིས་ ཁོང་རའི་དཀའ་ངལ་དང་ ཆ་རོགས་མེད་པའི་སྐྱོ་སྣང་དང་  ག་ནི་ཡང་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་བཤད་ནི། དེ་ལས་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁོང་རའི་བུ་གཞི་ཚུ་ འཕྲལ་འཕྲལ་ར་ཁྱིམ་ནང་ཁོང་ར་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་སྦེ་ལུས་མི་དང་ ཡང་ན་ སྦྱོང་བརྡར་མེད་པའི་ཨ་ལུའི་བདག་འཛིན་པ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ལུས་མི་ཚུ་གི་མི་ཚེ་ དགའ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བཞག་ཐབས་ཀྱི་ཐབས་ལམ་ཚུ་འཚོལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལུགས་མཐུན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་འཛོམས་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ ཁོང་ར་དང་ཁོང་རའི་བཟའ་ཚང་གི་དོན་ལུ་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ གལ་ཆེ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཅིག་སྦེ་སྡོད་ནུག།
ད་རེས་ འབྲུག་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་མི་ ལས་བྱེདཔ་ ༧ ཡོད་མི་དེ་གིས་ ཨ་ལུ་ ༤༢  དང་ དབང་པོ་སྐྱོན་ཅན་གྱི་ན་སྨིན་ ༩ བདག་འཛིན་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དོ་རུང་ འབྲུག་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ ཤེས་རིག་དང་བཟའ་ཚང་གི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ལུ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་མཛདཔ་མ་ཚད་  སྐུལ་ཁྱབ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཡང་ འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; [https://www.bhutanfound.org/ Bhutan Foundation]
=== འཆར་སྣང་། ===
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སྡེ་ནང་ལུ་ ལྕོགས་གླུབ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོད་པའི་མི་ཚུ་ རང་མགོ་རང་འདྲོང་དང་བརྩི་མཐོང་ཅན་སྦེ་སྡོད་ནི་གི་དབང་ཆ་བྱིན་ནི།&lt;/big&gt;
=== དམིགས་གཏད། ===
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སྡེ་ནང་ མི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་གི་ཐོབ་དབང་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ སྐུལ་ཁྱབ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི།
བརྩོན་ཤུགས་ཅན་དང་སྙིང་རུས་ཅན། དེ་ལས་ སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ཐོབ་ཡོད་མི་ མི་སྡེའི་ལཱ་འབད་མི་དང་ཨ་ལུ་བདག་འཛིན་པ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་བཟོ་ནི།
ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོད་པའི་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ རང་མགོ་རང་འདྲོང་སྦེ་སྡོད་ནི་ལུ་ དབང་ཆ་བྱིན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཕམ་དང་ཨ་ལུ་བདག་འཛིན་པ་ཚུ་གི་རིག་རྩལ་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི།
ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོད་པའི་མི་ཚུ་གི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཡར་སེང་འབད་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཐད་ཀར་གྱི་བར་འཛུལ་འབད་ནི།&lt;/big&gt;
=== དམིགས་དོན། ===
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་དམིགས་དོན་ཚུ་ཡང་།
ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚད་ཁར་ ཤེས་ཡོན་ཅན་གྱི་བདག་འཛིན་པ་ཡོད་པའི་གཅེས་སྐྱོང་ལྟེ་བ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཡོདཔ་བཟོ་ནི།
འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སྡེ་ནང་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོད་པའི་མི་ངོམ་ཚུ་ གྲལ་གཏོགས་འབད་དགོ་པའི་གོ་བརྡ་སྤེལ་ནི།
མི་སྡེ་ནང་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོད་པའི་མི་ངོ་ཚུ་ལུ་ གྲལ་གཏོགས་ཀྱི་གོ་སྐབས་ ཡར་སེང་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མི་དམངས་ཀྱི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་དང་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་གི་གོ་སྐབས་ཡོདཔ་བཟོ་ནི།
སྦྱོང་བརྡར་དང་ལས་རིམ་བརྗེ་སོར། དེ་ལས་ ཤེས་ཡོན་གོང་འཕེལ་ཚུ་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ འབྲུག་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་མི་སྡེ་ནང་ ལཱ་འབད་མི་ཚུ་གི་ཁྱད་རིག་གི་རིག་རྩལ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི།
ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་མི་སྡེ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ བཟང་ཚང་དང་ཨ་ལུ་གཅེས་སྐྱོང་འབད་མི། དེ་ལས་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོད་མིའི་བཟང་ཚང་ཚུ་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་ནི།
མཐུན་ལམ་དང་ཉམས་མྱོང་བརྗེ་སོར་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ འབྲེལ་ཡོད་ལས་སྡེ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མཐུན་འབྲེལ་བཞག་ནི།
གནས་རིམ་ག་རའི་ནང་ འབྲུག་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ལུ་ ཡུན་བརྟན་གྱི་མ་དངུལ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་དང་ འོས་འབབ་ལྡན་པའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་རིག་རྩལ་ཡོདཔ་བཟོ་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Program, S. E. (n.d.). Ability Bhutan Society. Retrieved from http://bhutansped.org/partners/ability-bhutan-society/
# Society, A. B. (n.d.). Ability Bhutan Society. Retrieved from https://absbhutan.org/
# Bhutan Foundation website www.bhutanfound.org</text>
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      <text bytes="5913" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉   འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དང་དམངས་གཙོའི་ལྟེ་བ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་དབང་འཛིན་འགོ་དང་པ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ལུ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དམངས་གཙོའི་གཞུང་གི་བཙག་འཐུ་འགོ་དང་པ་མཛད་གནང་མི་དང་འབྲེལ་ཏེ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ དཔལ་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ རྒྱལ་ཁྲི་ལས་བབས་ཏེ་ རང་དབང་སྲིད་གཞུང་གི་དུས་བསྐལ་གསརཔ་རྗེས་སུ་འབྲངས་བའི་བརྡ་སྟོནམ་མ་ཚད་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་རྡབ་ཤོག་ནང་ སྒེར་དབང་གི་གསར་ཤོག། རླུང་འཕྲིན་ཉན་སྒྲོམ་དང་མི་སྡེའི་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ག་ར་ སྟབས་བདེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ལག་པར་འབག་བཏུབ་པའི་བརྒྱུད་འཕྲིན་དང་གློག་རིག་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ལས་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ འཐོབ་ཚུགས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ལྷོད་དེ་ཡོད། འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དང་དམངས་གཙོའི་ལྟེ་བ་གི་དམིགས་དོན་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ མི་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་འབྲེལ་གཏོགས་འབད་ནི་དང་ མི་མང་གསུང་བཤད་དང་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་འབྲི་ལྷག་ཤེས་མི་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དམངས་གཙོའི་གཞུང་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི་དང་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་པའི་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ལས་ལྷག་སྟེ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; [http://www.en.m.wikipedia.org/ wikipedia, 2021]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དང་དམངས་གཙོའི་ལྟེ་བ་གི་ལས་རྟགས་འདི་ཡང་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་གསར་ལུགས་དང་སྔར་སྲོལ་གྱི་བར་ན་ཚད་མཉམ་བཟོ་བའི་བརྡ་མཚོན་སྟོནམ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ རི་རྒྱུད་རི་རྩེ་ལུ་ཁུངས་གཏུགས་འབད་དེ་ མེ་ཏོག་པདྨ་ཁ་རྒྱས་རྒྱསཔ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་སྟོན་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མཚན་རྟགས་འདི་མཐོངམ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ སེམས་ཁ་ལུ་བཟོད་བསྲན་དང་རེ་འདོད་ཚུ་དྲན་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལས་རྟགས་འདི་ ཇོར་ཌེན་ ཝིན་ནིཀ་&lt;/big&gt; (jordan winnick) &lt;big&gt;གིས་བཟོ་བཀོད་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; [http://www.bcmd.bt/ Democracy, 2021]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དང་དམངས་གཙོའི་ལྟེ་བ་གིས་ ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་གྲུབ་འབྲས་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་འགྱུར་ཐབས་ལུ་ འདྲ་མཉམ་དང་གཅིག་མཐུན། གུས་ཞབས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ སྡེ་གཡོག་སྦེ་ལཱ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ འགན་འཁྲི་དང་འགན་ཁུར་འབག་སྟེ་ དྭངས་གསལ་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་འབད་དེ་ རྒྱུ་དངོས་ག་ཅི་ར་ཨིན་རུང་ མི་སྡེ་གཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་མནོ་བསམ་བཏང་སྟེ་ དྲང་པོ་གི་སྒོ་ལས་ལཱ་འབདཝ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ནང་གྲོས་བསྡུར་འབད་ནི་དང་ རང་གི་བསམ་འཆར་བཤད་ནི། སྐབས་བབས་ཀྱི་གནད་དོན་ཚུ་ཤེསཔ་སྦེ་སྡོད་ནི། གཞན་ལུ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གྲལ་ཁར་གཏོགསཔ་ཨིན། མི་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་ རང་མགོ་རང་འདྲོང་དང་གསར་གཏོད་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལམ་ཚུ་ གསར་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་ནང་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏངམ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Democracy, B. C. (2021). BCMD. Retrieved from BCMD's Story: http://www.bcmd.bt
# wikipedia. (2021). About Bhutan Centre for Media and Democracy. Retrieved from Bhutan center for Media and Democracy: http://www.en.m.wikipedia.org</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉   འབྲུག་ཨམ་སྲུའི་དབང་ཆ་ཡར་སྐྱེད་དང་གཅིག་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་དང་དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང་ནང་ འགན་ཁུར་འབག་ནི་ལུ་ རྩ་བརྟན་དང...&quot;</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12186" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉   འབྲུག་ཨམ་སྲུའི་དབང་ཆ་ཡར་སྐྱེད་དང་གཅིག་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་དང་དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང་ནང་ འགན་ཁུར་འབག་ནི་ལུ་ རྩ་བརྟན་དང་མཐུན་རྐྱན་ཚུ་བྱིན་ནི་དང་གཅིག་འབྲེལ་གྱི་གཞི་སྟེགས་ཡར་རྒྱས་བཏང་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མི་སྡེ་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་དང་ས་གནས་གཞུང་གི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ འགན་ཁུར་འབག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ འགན་ཁུར་འབག་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ གསུང་གྲོས་ཀྱི་ཕན་གྲོགས་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༣ པའི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གྲོས་སྟོན་འགོ་དང་པ་ ཨམ་སྲུ་བཙག་འཐུ་གྲུབ་པའི་ངོ་ཚབ་འཐུས་མི་གི་འབྲས་བུ་བྱུང་མི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། གྲོས་སྟོན་དེ་ཡང་ ས་གནས་གཞུང་གི་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཨམ་སྲུ་དང་ཨ་ལུའི་ལྷན་ཚོགས། དེ་ལས་ ཚོགས་པ་དང་དམངས་གཙོ་ཌེ་ནིཤི་སྤེལ་ཁང་&lt;/big&gt; (DIPD) &lt;big&gt;དང་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཨམ་སྲུ་&lt;/big&gt; (UNWOMEN) &lt;big&gt;གི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གྲོས་སྟོན་དེ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལས་སྡེ་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༢ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འོག་ལུ་ ལུགས་མཐུན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ཐོ་བཀོད་མཛོད་གནང་ནུག། ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གི་འཐུས་མི་ ༤༠༠༠ ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ག་ཏེ་ལུ་ཡང་ཁྱབ་སོཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྫོང་ཁག་ ༢༠ དང་རྒེད་འོག་ ༢༠༥ ག་རའི་ནང་ལུ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; [http://www.bnew.bt/ BNEW]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གཞུང་འདི་ དམངས་གཙོའི་གཞུང་ལུ་སོར་སྒྱུར་འབད་མི་འདི་ མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཅན་གྱི་སྲུང་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ནིའི་ནང་ལུ་ འགན་ཁུར་འབག་མི་ཕོ་མོའི་དབྱེ་བ་ལས་བཅད་པ་ཅིན་ མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཅན་གྱི་སྲུང་ཟེར་སླབ་ནི་ལུ་ ལཱ་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། མི་སྡེའི་འགྲོ་ལུགས་དང་མིའི་བསམ་བློ། དེ་ལས་ མནོ་ལུགས་ཚུ་ཤུགས་སྦེ་ར་ཤུམས་ཚུད་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་ལུ་བློ་སྟོབས་འཐོབ་ནི་དང་ བློ་གཏད་ཚུགས་པའི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་འབད་ནིའི་ནང་ལུ་ གདོང་ལེན་དང་དཀའ་ངལ་བྱིནམ་བྱིན་སར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་འབད་མི་གི་གྱངས་ཁ་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ ཕོ་སྐྱེས་ཚུ་གི་དབང་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (Bhutana Networking Empowering Women, n.d.) &lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ཨམ་སྲུའི་དབང་ཆ་ཡར་སྐྱེད་དང་གཅིག་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ལུ་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་འབད་ནིའི་ནང་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་དང་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་བྱིན་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ཕོ་མོའི་དབྱེ་བ་མཐར་ཕྱིནམ་སྦེ་འགྲུབ་ནི་ལུ་ བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནིའི་དམིགས་པ་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཨམ་སྲུའི་དབང་ཆ་དང་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་འབད་ནི་གི་གོ་སྐབས་བྱིན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གཅིག་འབྲེལ་གྱི་གཞི་སྟེགས་བྱིན་ནི་དང་། ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་གིས་ དམངས་གཙོ་བོའི་ནང་ལུ་བློ་བདེ་པག་པ་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཚུགས་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཁོང་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་གི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་དང་རིག་རྩལ་ཚུ་བཟོ་ནི། ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ལུ་བསླབ་སྟོན་བྱིན་ནི་དང་འཚོ་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ ཨམ་སྲུའི་དབང་ཆ་བྱིན་ནི་དང་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཐབས་རིག་ལྟེ་བ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ལཱ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་ལུ་ ཕོ་མོའི་དབྱེ་བ་གི་མནོ་ལུགས་དང་བསམ་སྤྱོད་ཚུ་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་ཐབས་ལུ་ མི་མང་ལུ་གསལ་བསྒྲགས་དང་སྐུལ་ཁྱབ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; [http://www.bnew.bt/our-programs/ Bhutan Networking For Empowering Women]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ཨམ་སྲུའི་དབང་ཆ་ཡར་སྐྱེད་དང་གཅིག་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་དམངས་གཙོ་བོའི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་འབད་ནིའི་དབང་ཆ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་ལུ་ ག་དེ་སྦེ་བརྡ་སྐུལ་འབད་དེ་འདུག་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན། མི་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་གི་སེམས་ཁར་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ཁྱིམ་ནང་སྡོད་དེ་ ལཱ་འབད་དགོཔ་ཨིན་ཟེར་བའི་སྔར་སྲོལ་གྱི་མནོ་ལུགས་ཚུ་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་ནི་དེ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ཁོང་ར་ལུ་ ཡིད་ཆེས་བསྐྱེད་ཚུགསཔ་སྦེ་འགྱོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་དང་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་གི་གོ་གནས་ལེན་ནིའི་ནང་ བརྡ་སྐུལ་འབད་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ མི་སྡེའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ནང་ལུ་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་དགོཔ་དེ་ ག་དེམ་ཅིག་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ཨིན་ན་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ ལེགས་ཤེམ་སྦེ་ཧ་གོ་ཚུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྐུལ་ཁྱབ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་དང་གོ་རྟོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་དེ་ ཁྱབ་ཆེ་དྲགས་སྦེ་དར་ཁྱབ་བཏང་སྟེ་ཡོད། དེ་ཡང་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་རྒྱང་མཐོང་དང་རླུང་འཕྲིན་ཉན་སྒྲོམ། དེ་ལས་ གསར་ཤོག།གཏམ་བཤད་ལྟདམོ། བསླབ་སྟོན་གྲོས་ཚོགས་ཚུ་ནང་ བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་གིས་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་དང་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་འབད་ནི་དེ་ ག་དེམ་ཅིག་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ཨིན་ན་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཤེས་ཚུགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མི་སྡེའི་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱིས་ཕན་ནུས་ཅན་གྱི་ལཱ་འགན་ཅིག་འབག་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་ ཨམ་སྲུ་གིས་ འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་གི་གོ་གནས་འབག་མིའི་གནས་སྡུད་ཚུ་བསྡུ་ནི་གི་ལཱ་ཡང་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། དེ་གིས་སྦེ་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་དང་འགོ་ཁྲིད་པའི་གྲས་ཁར་གཏོགས་མིའི་གྱངས་ཁ་ཚུ་ ཐོ་བཀོད་བཞག་ནི་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Bhutan Networkig For Empowering Women. (n.d.). Objectives and Mission. Retrieved from Objectives, Vision and Mission: http://www.bnew.bt
# Bhutan Networking for Empowering Women. (n.d.). Advocacy. Retrieved from Advocacy and awareness raising on women in governance: http://www.bnew.bt/our-programs
# Bhutana Networking Empowering Women. (n.d.). Background- BNEW. Retrieved from Why BNEW: http://www.bnew.bt
# BNEW. (n.d.). Background- BNEW. Retrieved from Bhutan Network for Empowering Women: http://www.bnew.bt</text>
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    <title>འབྲུག་ན་གཞོན་གོང་འཕེལ་མ་དངུལ།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉   འབྲུག་ན་གཞོན་གོང་འཕེལ་མ་དངུལ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་ཚེ་རིང་པདམོ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༦ ལུ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་སྦེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། ལྟེ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="10233" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉   འབྲུག་ན་གཞོན་གོང་འཕེལ་མ་དངུལ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་ཚེ་རིང་པདམོ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༦ ལུ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་སྦེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། ལྟེ་བ་དེ་གི་སྲིད་འཛིན་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་མོ་ར་ཨིན་མས། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་གི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ ངན་པའི་དབང་ལུ་མི་ཤོར་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་འབྲུག་ན་གཞོན་གོང་འཕེལ་མ་དངུལ་ལྟེ་བ་གིས་ ན་གཞོན་སྟོང་ཕྲག་ལས་བཅད་མི་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་གྱིས་གསུངས་མི་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མི་རློབས་ ཕྱེད་ཀ་ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དེ་ལུ་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེད་དགོཔ་འདི་གལ་ཆེ་དྲགས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ན་གཞོན་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལམ་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་ཐངས་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་མཐུན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་འཆར་གཞི་བཟོ་ཡོད་མི་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དམིགས་དོན་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་ལུ་ འབྲེལ་གཏོགས་འབད་ནི་དེ་གལ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་ན་གཞོན་གོང་འཕེལ་མ་དངུལ་གྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ན་གཞོན་ག་ར་ མ་འོངས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་། འབྲུག་གི་ན་གཞོན་ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་ གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ན་གཞོན་ག་ར་ལུ་ ཤེས་རིག་ཡོན་ཏན་འདྲ་མཉམ་བྱིན་ནི། དོན་དག་ཡོད་པའི་གཡོག་དང་གོ་སྐབས་སྤྲོད་དེ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གི་དཀའ་ངལ་སེལ་ཐབས་ལུ་དང་། ཁོང་རའི་ནུས་པ་དེ་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་དང་ངེས་བརྟན་བཟོ་ཐབས་ལུ་ ལཱ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དུས་ཚོད་ད་རེས་བཟུམ་ཅིག་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག་ན་གཞོན་གོང་འཕེལ་མ་དངུལ་དེ་ སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་སྦེ་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་ལམ་ཁར་ལྷོད་དེ་ཡོད་རུང་ དེང་སང་ལམ་ལུགས་གི་དབང་ལུ་ཐལ་བའི་འབྲས་བུ་གིས་ གོང་འཕེལ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་ལུ་དཀའ་ངལ་ཡང་བྱིན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དུས་མཐུན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འགྱོ་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་ན་གཞོན་གྱི་མི་ཚེ་ནང་ལུ་ སེམས་ཕམ་པའི་བྱེམ་ཤུགས་ཕོག་ནི་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འགྱུར་བ་ལུ་བརྟེན་པའི་གནོད་པ་དག་པ་ཅིག་ གསལ་སྟོན་འབད་བ་ཅིན། ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་སྤྱོད་ངན་ཅན་ལུ་འགྱུར་ནི་དང་ སྨྱོས་རྫས་ལུ་ལང་ཤོར་ཐལ་ནི། རང་གི་ལུས་བཙོང་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ཡར་སེང་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ སྐབས་ཐོབ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་ན་གཞོན་གོང་འཕེལ་མ་དངུལ་གྱིས་ ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་གི་ཕན་བདེ་དང་ཉེན་སྲུང་ཚུ་ངེས་བརྟན་བཟོ་ཐབས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་གཞུང་གིས་ བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་ནིའི་ནང་ ངེས་པར་མཁོ་བའི་ལཱ་འགན་འབག་ནི་ལུ་ ལྷན་ཐབས་འབདཝ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་དཀའ་ངལ་ཚུ་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་སྤེལ་མི་འགྱོ་ནིའི་དོན་་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ན་གཞོན་གོང་འཕེལ་མ་དངུལ་གྱིས་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་ ངན་པའི་དབང་ལུ་ཤོར་མི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་ནི་དང་ དཀའ་ངལ་འབྱུང་བའི་གཞི་ངོ་མ་ཚུ་བཀག་ཐབས་ལུ་ བརྩོན་ཤུགས་སྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་གི་མ་འོངས་པའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་རྒྱབ་ཁར་བསྐྱུར་མ་བཞག་པར་ ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཕང་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ བདག་འཛིན་འབད་དགོཔ་དེ་ཡང་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ཨིན་མས། ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གི་མི་ཚེ་འདི་ ངན་པའི་དབང་ལུ་ཐལ་སོ་རུང་ ལོག་ཁོང་རའི་མི་ཚེ་ ཉམས་གསོ་འབད་དེ་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ མི་ཚེ་དོན་དག་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ལཱ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ དཀའ་ངལ་ཚུ་འབྱུང་བའི་གཞི་དེ་ རྩ་བ་ལས་འབལ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ དྲག་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་སྐུལ་བསྒྲགས་འབད་ནི་ཡང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་གི་མི་ཚེ་ནང་ལུ་ ཕན་ཐོགས་ཆེ་བའི་ཐབས་ཤེས་གཞན་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་ཚུ་བྱིན་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེཝ་ལས་ ངལ་སངས་ལྟེ་བ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གི་བསམ་སྤྱོད་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་ལྟེ་བ་དེ་ནང་ ཡན་ལག་ཆོས་ཚན་ཚུ་ནང་ལྟ་རྟོག་འབད་མིའི་བྱ་བ་དང་ ཁྱད་རིག་གི་བསླབ་སྟོན་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལུ་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་ཏེ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན་མས། འབྲུག་ན་གཞོན་གོང་འཕེལ་མ་དངུལ་ལྟེ་བའི་འཆར་གཞི་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ འབྲུག་གི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གིཉིནམ་ ད་རེས་ལེགས་ཤོམ་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ ཉིནམ་ནངས་པ་ ད་རེས་ལས་ལྷག་སྟེབཟང་པོ་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནི་དེ་ཨིན་མས། འཆར་གཞི་ལམ་སྟོན་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ན་གཞོན་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་དང་འཆར་གཞི་ཚུ་ མ་ཉམས་པར་ཡུན་བརྟན་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་ཡར་སེང་འབད་ནིའི་ནང་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ སྒྲུབ་འབྲས་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་འགྱུར་ཐབས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ཆ་རོགས་དང་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་གྱི་ངོ་ཤེསཔ་ཚུ་ལས་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ལེན་ཏེ་ ལཱ་དེ་ལཱ་ཁག་ཅིག་ལུ་མ་གྱུར་བར་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་འགྱོ་འོང་ཟེར་རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་གིས་གསུངས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Bhutan Youth Development Fund. (n.d.). About YDF. Retrieved from Presidnt's Message: http://www.bhutanyouth org</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་གཙང་སྦྲ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༥ ལུ་རྒྱལ་བཙུན་རྗེ་བཙུན་པདྨ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་སྐྱབས་འཛིན་འོག་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛོད་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="13296" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་གཙང་སྦྲ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༥ ལུ་རྒྱལ་བཙུན་རྗེ་བཙུན་པདྨ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་སྐྱབས་འཛིན་འོག་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛོད་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༧ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་བཙུན་མཆོག་གི་ཞལ་ལས་གསུང་དོ་བཟུམ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ཐབས་ཤེས་ཚུ་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཅན་ཅིག་དང་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དགོཔ། དེ་ལས་ ཤོ་མཚུངས་སྦེ་ལཱ་འབད་དགོཔ་ཚུ་མེད་ཐབས་མེདཔ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། ང་བཅས་ག་ར་འབད་རུང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཀྱི་ཉིནམ་ལུ་ང་བཅས་ཀྱི་ལཱ་འབད་ཐངས་ཚུ་རང་གིས་རང་ལུ་སེམས་ཁར་དྲན་གསོ་འབད་དེ་ དེ་ཚུ་བརྡ་མཚན་ཅིག་དང་ལས་སྣ་ཙམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་མ་བཞག་པར་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དགོཔ་ཨིན་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་གི་འཆར་གཞི་གཙོ་བོ་ར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༣༠ གི་ལོ་ལུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཕྱགས་སྙིགས་ཕུད་རྡོག་གཅིག་ཡང་མེདཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་དང་། ཕར་ཚུར་ལས་བྱུང་པའི་་ཐོན་ཁུངས་ཚུ་འཇོན་ཐང་ཅན་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ འགན་ཁུར་ཅན་གྱི་མི་སེར་ཅིག་ལུ་འགྱུར་ནི། འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡུན་བརྟན་སྦེ་བཞག་ནིའི་ནང་སྦྱང་བ་འབད་ནི། དེ་ལས་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་མནོ་ལུགས་ཚུ་འགྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་གཏད་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ག་དེ་སྦེ་འབད་ནི་སྨོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་གནོད་པ་མེད་པའི་ཟས་ཚུ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཐོག་ལས་འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་ནི་གི་སྐུལ་ཁྱབ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི། ཕྱགས་སྙིགས་བླུགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཕྱགས་སྙིགས་དོང་ཚུ་ ས་གིས་བཀབ་བཞག་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་བྱུང་བའི་ནག་རླུང་མར་ཕབ་འབད་ནི། དེ་ལས་ ཕྱག་སྙིགས་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ གཙང་ཆུ་ཚུ་བཙོག་གྲིབ་ཕོག་བཅུག་ནི་ལས་བཀག་དགོཔ་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (Clean Bhutan, 2018)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ག་དེ་སྦེ་གཙང་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཅིག་ལུ་འགྱུར་ནི་སྨོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཚུ་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ཕྱག་སྙིགས་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཇོན་ཐང་ཅན་སྦེ་འཐབ་ནིའི་ནང་ ས་གནས་གཞུང་དང་དབང་འཛིན། དེ་ལས་མི་སྡེ་དང་ཁྲོམ་སྡེ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མཉམ་འབྲེལ་སྦེ་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་ཕན་ཚུན་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གྱིས་ འབྲུག་གཙང་སྦྲ་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་གནང་ཡོད་རུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༣༠ ལུ་ཕྱག་སྙིགས་ཕུད་རྡོག་གཅིག་ཡང་མེདཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་གི་དམིགས་དོན་དེ་འགྲུབ་ཐབས་ལུ་ད་རུང་དེ་བ་ལྷག་པའི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་མི་འཐོན་པའི་རེ་བ་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་ནང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཙང་ཏོག་ཏོ་དང་འཇའ་ཆི་ཆི་སྦེ་བཞག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ལཱ་འབད་མི་འབྲུག་པའི་ན་གཞོན་དང་ཁས་བླངས་པ།དེ་ལས་ མི་སྡེའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས། དེའི་ནང་ལས་ཁས་བླངས་འབད་དེ་ལཱ་འབད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ལས་བརྒྱ་སྦེ་ལཱ་འབད་དེ་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་འགྱུར་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ཁས་བླངས་པ་ཚུ་དྲག་ཤོས་ཅིག་སྦེ་ངོས་འཛིན་འབདཝ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ འབྲུག་གཙང་སྦྲ་གིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ནང་ཕྱག་དར་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ང་བཅས་ག་ར་འབད་རུང་འབྲུག་གཙང་སྦྲ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་འབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་མ་འོངས་པའི་དོན་ལུ་སྐྱིད་པའི་ས་གོ་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་གེ་ཟེར་སྐུལ་ཁྱབ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབདཝ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;(Clean Bhutan, 2018)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཙང་ཤོས་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་ ང་བཅས་རའི་མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཐུགས་དགོངས་ཨིན། མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་ཧིང་སང་ས་སྦེ་བཞག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ང་བཅས་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་གིས་ ཕྱག་སྙིགས་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་སྟེ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གཅིག་སྒྲིལ་དང་དཔའ་ཉམས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ མ་འོངས་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཅིག་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ ངེས་བརྟན་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དེ་འགྲུབ་ཐབས་ལུ་ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་གིས་སྤྱིར་བཏང་འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ག་བ་ཡང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཙང་ཤོས་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་པ་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;(Yangdon, 2016)&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་གཙང་སྦྲ་འདི་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༣༠ གི་ལོ་ལུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཕྱག་སྙིགས་ཕུད་རྡོག་གཅིག་ཡང་མེདཔ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དམིགས་དོན་འགྲུབཐབས་ལུ་ལཱ་འབད་བའི་བསྒང་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་སྔོ་ལྗང་དང་ལྡནམ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ཐབས་ལུ་ འབྲུག་པའི་ཁས་བླངས་པའི་ན་གཞོན་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ར་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ལཱ་འབད་བར་འོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་གིས་ཁྲོམ་དང་གཙང་ཆུ་ཧིང་སང་ས་སྦེ་བཞག་ནིའི་ནང་ལུ་འགན་ཁུར་འབག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། ཁྲོམ་གྱི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ལུ་ཤིང་དང་མེ་ཏོག་ཚུ་བཙུགས་ནིའི་དམིགས་གཏད་ཡང་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལས་ཁུངས་དེནང་ལུ་ཁས་བླངས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ ཕྱག་སྙིགས་ཚུ་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་སྟེ་ ཕྱག་སྙིགས་ག་ལྷོད་གུ་ལྷོད་བཀོ་བའི་ཉེན་འཚུབ་འབྱུང་ནི་ལས་བཀག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་གི་མཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་གཙུག་སྡེ་དང་ལས་ཁུངས་སོ་སོའི་མི་དང་མི་སྡེ་གི་མི་སེར་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ཁས་བླངས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་འོང་འབབ་ཀྱི་ཐོན་ཁུངས་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ལྟ་བཤལ་འདི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ལྟ་བཤལཔ་ཚུ་རི་བཤལ་འགྱོ་སའི་ལམ་དང་ལམ་འགྲུལ་འགྱོ་སའི་ལམ་ཚུ་ཧིང་སང་ས་བཟོ་ཚར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཚེས་བཅུ་དང་སྤྲོ་སྟོན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ། དེ་ལས་ འཛོམས་འདུ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་འབད་ཚར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་གི་ཁས་བླངས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ཕྱག་སྙིགས་རག་རོག་ཚུ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མ་བཞག་པར་འཕྱག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་གིས་བཤད་མི་ནང་ ཕྱག་སྙིགས་ཕུད་རྡོག་གཅིག་ཡང་མེདཔ་བཟོ་ནིའི་འཆར་གཞི་དེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་མནོ་ལུགས་དང་ཕྱག་སྙིགས་མར་ཕབ་འབད་ནིའི་ནང་འགྱུར་བ་འོང་ཚུགས་ཟེར་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་མནོ་བསམ་ལོག་གཏང་ནིདང་ཕྱག་སྙིགས་མར་ཕབ་འབད་ནི། བསྐྱར་བཅོས་འབད་ནི། ལོག་སྟེ་གཡོག་བཀོལ་ནི། ལོག་ལེན་ནི། དེ་ལས་ འགན་ཁུར་འབག་སྟེ་ ལཱ་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་པ་ཅིན་ ཕྱག་སྙིགས་མར་ཕབ་འབད་ནིའི་ནང་གདོང་ལེན་མི་འབྱུང་ཟེར་བཤད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (Zangmo, 2015)</text>
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      <text bytes="13176" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་ལག་བཟོ་ཚོགས་པ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༥ གི་ལོ་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༡ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་ འབྲུག་གི་མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་བཅའ་ཁྲིམས་ ༢༠༠༧ ཅན་མའི་འོག་ལུ་ ཕན་ནུས་ཁྱབ་སྤེལ་འབད་ནི་དང་ འབྲུག་གི་ལག་བཟོ་ཡུན་དུ་གནས་ཏེ་བཞག་ཐབས་ལུ་ སྲོལ་བཙུགས་ལྟེ་བ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ ལུགས་མཐུན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ད་རེས་འབདཝ་ད་ ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་གིས་ སྔར་སྲོལ་གྱི་ལག་བཟོ་ ཁྱབ་སྤེལ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་མི་སྡེ་ས་ཁོངས་ཀྱི་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་བཞག་ནིའི་གཞི་སྟེགས་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། འབྲུག་ལག་བཟོ་ཚོགས་པ་འདི་ ལམ་སྲོལ་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་མི་ ཁེ་མིན་མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་གིས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ། དེ་ལས་ རིག་རྩལ་ཚུ་ ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་ཁེ་རྒུད་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ གཅིག་སྒྲིལ་དང་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་ལུ་ཕན་ནུས་ཅན་གྱི་ལག་བཟོའི་གཡོག་སྡེ་ཅིག་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནིའི་དམིགས་པ་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ངེས་པར་དུ་འགྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་དགོ་མི་ཚུ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི། གོ་སྐབས་ཚུ་རན་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བྱིན་དང་ ཡང་ན་འོས་འབབ་དང་བསྟུན་གསརཔ་བཟོ་ནི། དེ་ལས་ གསར་གཏོད་སྣ་ཚོགས་ལུ་སེམས་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་བཅུག་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་གི་འགན་དབང་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; [http://www.handicraftsbhutan.org/ Handicraft Association of Bhutan]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་གི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་དང་ འགན་འཁྲི་ག་ཅི་ར་སྨོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན། དང་པ་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་མི་སྡེ་དང་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ལག་བཟོ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་དེ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་མི་ཚེ་སྐྱོང་ནི་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་དེ་ ཡར་འཕར་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་ ལག་བཟོ་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཁང་ཡར་རྒྱས་བཏང་སྟེ་ ཁེབ་ས་ཅན་ཅིག་དང་བརྩི་མཐོང་ཡོད་པའི་ལག་གཡོག་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མཐུན་རྐྱེན་སྦྱར་ནི་དེ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལག་བཟོ་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཁང་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་དང་སེམས་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་བཅུག་ནི། དེ་ལས་ གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ ངེས་པར་མཁོ་བའི་རིམ་པ་ཚུ་བཏོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འོང་འབབ་ཡོད་པའི་ལག་བཟོ་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཁང་གི་རིག་རྩལ་དང་ ལག་བཟོ་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཁང་གི་འོས་འབབ་ཚུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་ འགྲེམས་སྟོན་དང་ལག་བཟོ་ལྟདམོ་ཚུ་གི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ནི་དེ་ཨིན་མས། གཉིས་པ་ཟེརཝ་ད་ རིག་རྩལ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་དང་ ལག་བཟོ་སློབ་སྦྱོང་འབད་ནིའི་ལྟེ་བ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་དེ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་སྔར་སྲོལ་དངསྲོལ་རྒྱུན་གྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཚུ་ མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་དང་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་ སྒྱུ་རྩལ་དང་ལག་བཟོ།  དེ་ལས་ དེ་དང་འདྲ་བའི་རིག་རྩལ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་དེ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ལག་བཟོ་མཁསཔ་དང་ལག་བཟོ་སྡེ་ཚན་ཚུ་གི་རིག་རྩལ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལག་བཟོ་ལུ་བརྟེན་པའི་ཚོང་ལམ་གྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་བཤད་ནི་དང་ ཐོན་སྐྱེད་གསརཔ་གི་གནས་སྐབས། དེ་ལས་ སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་བྱིན་ཏེ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི་དེ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ལག་བཟོ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལཱ་རིགས་ནང་ལུ་ མཆོག་གྱུར་གྱི་རྟགས་མ་བྱིན་ནི་ཡང་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ནི་ཨིན་མས། དེ་གིས་སྦེ་ ཁོང་ལཱ་འབད་མི་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ ལཱ་འབད་ནིའི་སེམས་ཤུགས་བྱིན་ཚུགས་ནི་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
གསུམ་པ་ལུ་ ལག་བཟོ་གཡོག་སྡེ་ནང་ལུ་ ལཱ་འབད་མི་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ མཉམ་རུབ་ཀྱི་གཞི་སྟེགས་བཟོ་ནི་དེ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ ལག་བཟོ་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་ལུ་སྤྲོ་བ་བསྐྱེད་བཅུག་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལམ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ གཞུང་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་མཐུན་ཚོགས། དེ་ལས་ གཞན་ཚོང་སྡེ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་བསམ་འཆར་བཤད་ནི་དང་ འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་སྟེ་་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་དེ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ བཙོང་ཚུགས་པའི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ འབྲེལ་མཐུན་དང་སོར་འགྱུར་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་གི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ལུ་ ཚོང་ལམ་ཁྱབ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་དེ་ཨིན་མས། བཞི་པ་ཟེརཝ་ད་ འབྲུག་པའི་ལག་བཟོ་གི་རིག་རྩལ་ཚུ་ མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི་དང་ དེའི་གནད་ཁུངས་ཚུ་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ འབྲུག་ལག་བཟོ་ཚོགས་པ་དང་འདྲ་བའི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་འབྲེལ་གཏོགས་འབད་ནི་དང་ ལག་བཟོ་གཡོག་སྡེ་དེ་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ནང་ ངོ་ཚབ་འབད་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་་གི་ལཱ་འགན་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ དམིགས་པ་ཡང་དེ་ར་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; [http://www.handicraftsbhutan.org/ Handicraft Association of Bhutan]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་པའི་ན་གཞོན་དང་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་གཡུས་སྒོ་དང་ཁྲོམ་ཁར་ཡོད་མི་ལག་བཟོ་མཁསཔ་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ ཕན་ཐོགས་ཅན་གྱི་གཡོག་སྤྲོད་ནི་དང་ ཡུན་བརྟན་འཚོ་བའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ལག་བཟོ་ཚོགས་པ་གིས་ ལག་བཟོའི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ འཕར་ཚུགས་པའི་ཚོང་ལཱ་ཅིག་ལུ་ བསྒྱུར་ནི་གི་ལཱ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། འབྲུག་ལག་བཟོ་ཚོགས་པའི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་བཙོང་ས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་དང་སྤ་རོ་གི་ཁྲོམ་ནང་ ལྟ་བཤལ་པའི་དྲག་རིམ་ཟ་ཁང་ ༡༠ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ལྟ་བཤལཔ་ཚུ་གི་འབྲུག་པའི་ལག་བཟོའི་ཅ་ཆས་ཚུ་བལྟ་ནི་དང་ཉོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལག་བཟོ་ཁྲོམ་དང་ཡིག་ཚང་གི་ས་ཁོངས་ཚུ་ནང་ རེ་རེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། བཙོང་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་བཙོང་ཆས་ཚུ་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་ལག་བཟོའི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་དང་ ཚོང་ལམ་ལུ་ལྷོད་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་ལག་ཤེསཔ་ཚུ་གི་ཅ་ལ་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ལག་བཟོ་དང་ལག་ཤེསཔ་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ གོ་སྐབས་ཉུང་བའི་སྡེ་ཚན་ནང་ལས་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དེ་གིས་ ཁོང་གི་དོན་ལུ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་འདྲ་མཉམ་སྦེ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་ ངེས་པར་མཁོ་བའི་ཐབས་ལམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; [http://www.handicraftsbhutan.org/ Handicraft Association of Bhutan]

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Handicraft Association of Bhutan. (n.d.). About Us- HAB. Retrieved from About us and Our Values: http://www.handicraftsbhutan.org
# Handicrafts Association of Bhutan. (n.d.). About Us- HAB. Retrieved from Our Objectives and Mandates: http://www.handicraftsbhutan.org
# Handicrats Associaton of Bhutan. (n.d.). Our Programmes. Retrieved from Artisan Support: http://www.handicraftsbhutan.org</text>
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      <text bytes="10006" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉   འབྲུག་ཟ་ཁང་མཐུན་ཚོགས་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ག་ར་གི་ཟ་ཁང་སྤྱི་མཐུན་ཚོགས་པ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་ནང་གི་འཐུས་མིའི་ཚད་ཡང་ བཟའ་ཚང་ཆུང་ཀུ་གིས་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་མིའི་ཟ་ཁང་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ ཟ་ཁང་སྦོམ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཨིན་མས། མཐུན་ཚོགས་དེ་ སྤྲོ་བ་ཅན་གྱི་ཟ་ཁང་འཆང་མི་སྡེ་ཚན་ཅིག་གིས་ ཁེ་མིན་དང་སྲིད་དོན་འབྲེལ་མེད། དེ་ལས་ ཕན་ཚུན་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་སྦེ་  སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༩ པའི་ནང་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ལྟ་བཤལ་པའི་སྡོད་གནས་དང་ཟ་ཁང་ཚུ་ག་ར་ གཅིག་སྦེ་གནས་ཐབས་དང་ ལྟ་བཤལ་གྱི་ཚོང་ལཱ་འདི་ ཡུན་བརྟན་སྦེ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་ བརྩོན་ཤུགས་སྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;  [http://www.hab.org.bt/ Hotel and Restaurant Association of Bhutan] &lt;big&gt;མཐུན་ཚོགས་དེ་ནང་གི་འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཁེ་ཕན་ག་ཅི་ར་ཡོདཔ་སྨོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན། གཞུང་དང་ཁེ་རྒུད་ཡོད་མི་གཞན་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གྲོས་ཐག་གཅད་ནིའི་བྱ་རིམ་གྱི་ཞལ་འཛོམས་འཚོག་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མགྲོན་བརྡ་འབད་ནི་དང་། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ གཞན་ཞལ་འཛོམས་དང་གྲོས་ཚོགས། དེ་ལས་ གཅིག་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཚོགས་སྟོན་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ མགྲོན་བརྡ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་ མཐུན་ཚོགས་དེ་གི་འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ སྐབས་ཐོབ་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བྱུས་དང་བཅའ་ཡིག་དང་སྒྲིག་གཞི་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ དུས་མཐུན་གྱི་གོ་བརྡ་སྤེལ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; [http://www.hab.org.bt/ Hotel and Restaurant Association of Bhutan]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ཟ་ཁང་མཐུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་བཟོ་གྲྭ་འདི་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནིའི་ནང་ འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ངེས་པར་དུ་སྡོད་ཚུགས་པའི་གཞི་སྟེགས་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་བྱིན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ལྟ་བཤལ་ཚོང་ལཱ་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་དེ་ ཟ་ཁང་ཚོང་ལཱ་གི་བརྩི་མཐོང་ཡང་སྲུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ལྟ་བཤལ་ཚོང་ལཱ་དེ་ ཡུན་བརྟན་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་ནང་ གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི་དང་ ཟ་ཁང་གི་གནས་ཚད་ཡར་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་པ་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་གི་སྤྲོ་བ་དང་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི། དེ་ལས་ ཁྱད་རིག་གི་ལཱ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ ངོ་ཚབ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ དམིགས་པ་སྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཚོང་ལཱ་དེ་གི་ཁེ་ཕན་བསྲུང་ནི་དང་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་གིས་བསམ་ལེན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ལཱ་འབད་ནིའི་འཆར་གཞི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; [http://www.hab.org.bt/ Hotel and Restaurant Association of Bhutan] &lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ལོ་ཨ་རྟག་ར་མགྲོན་སྐྱོང་འགྲེམས་སྟོན་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འགྲེམས་སྟོན་དེ་ཡང་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ ཚོང་ལཱ་ལྟ་སྐོརཔ་ཚུ་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། ཐེངས་ ༥ པའི་མགྲོན་སྐྱོང་འགྲེམས་སྟོན་དེ་ཡང་ ༢༠༡༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༣ ལས ༢༥ ཚུན་ ཉིནམ་གསུམ་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལྕང་གླིང་མའི་ཐང་ སྣུམ་འཁོར་བཞག་ས་ལུསྦེ་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བསྒང་ མགྲོན་སྐྱོང་ངོ་ཚབ་འཐུས་མི་ལྟ་སྐོརཔ་ ༢༥༠ དེ་ཅིག་འོངས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མི་མང་ལྟ་སྐོརཔ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་ལས་ལྷག་སྟེ་འོངས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཐེངས་ ༦ པའི་མགྲོན་སྐྱོང་འགྲེམས་སྟོན་དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་ཐེངས་ལྔ་པའི་འགྲེམས་སྟོན་འབད་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་ནང་ལུ་སྦེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༠ གི་ལོ་ལུ་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་འགྲེམས་སྟོན་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་དགོ་པའི་དམིགས་དོན་དེ་ཡང་ མགྲོན་སྐྱོང་ཚོང་ལས་དང་ཁྱད་རིག་གི་ལཱ། དེ་ལས་ ལཱ་འབད་མི་དང་མཁོ་ཆས་སྤྲོད་མི་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་སྤྱོད་མི་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་གཞི་སྟེགས་བཟོ་ནི་དེ་ཨིན། དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ འགྲེམས་སྟོན་འདི་གི་མགྲོན་སྐྱོང་ཞབས་ཏོག་བྱིན་མི་ལུ་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པ་ གསརཔ་འཐོན་མི་དང་ནུས་ཤུགས་ཅན་གྱི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་ ཚོང་ལམ་ནང་ལུ་འགྲེམས་སྟོན་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་གོ་སྐབས་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཡང་བྱིནམ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ང་བཅས་རའི་ས་ཁོངས་ཀྱི་ཚོང་སྡེ་དེ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་ཚོང་སྡེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་བཞག་ཐབས་ལུ་ གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་གོ་སྐབས་བྱིན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; [http://www.hab.org.bt/ Hotel and Restaurant Association of Bhutan]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ འབྲུག་ཟ་ཁང་མཐུན་ཚོགས་གི་འོག་ལུ་ སྐར་རྟགས་ཅན་གྱི་ཟ་ཁང་ ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་དེ་ཡོད་པའི་འཐུས་མིའི་གྱངས་ཁ་ཚུ་ཡང། སྐར་རྟགས་ཅན་གྱི་ཟ་ཁང་མེན་མི་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༨༢ དང་། སྐར་རྟགས་གསུམ་ཡོད་མི་ཟ་ཁང་ ༧༨ ། སྐར་རྟགས་བཞི་ཡོད་མི་ཟ་ཁང་ ༧ ། དེ་ལས་ སྐར་རྟགས་ལྔ་ཡོད་མི་ཟ་ཁང་ ༦ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; [http://www.hab.org.bt/ HARB]

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# HARB. (n.d.). Members. Retrieved from Registered Members: http://www.hab.org.bt
# Hotel and Restaurant Association of Bhutan. (2007). About Us - HRAB. Retrieved from Members Benefits: http://www.hab.org.bt
# Hotel and Restaurant Association of Bhutan. (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved from About HRAB: http://www.hab.org.bt
# Hotel And Restaurent Association of Bhutan. (2007). About Us - HRAB. Retrieved from Vision and Mission: http://www.hab.org.bt
# Hotel and Restaurent Association of Bhutan. (2020). About HARB. Retrieved from Hospitality Expo: http://www.hab.org.bt</text>
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      <text bytes="9990" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ བྱང་ས་སེམས་ཅན་སྲོག་སྐྱབས་ཚོགས་པ་འདི་ བླམ་ཀུན་བཟང་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༠ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་དེ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ བླམ་ཀུན་བཟང་རྡོ་རྗེ་གི་གདན་ས་ བྱང་ས་བདེ་ཆེན་ཆོས་གླིང་དགོན་པ་ལུ་སེམས་ཅན་གསད་ཁང་ལས་ གླང་ལྔ་ བླམ་གི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལུ་སྐྱབས་འཚོལ་བར་འོངས་པའི་ཤུལ་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་པའི་ ཉམས་མྱོང་དང་ཁ་ཐུག་རྐྱབ་མི་ལས་བརྟེན་ བྱང་ས་སེམས་ཅན་སྲོག་སྐྱབས་ཚོགས་པ་འདི་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ གླང་ལྔ་སྲོག་སྐྱབས་འབད་བའི་བྱུང་རྐྱེན་འདི་གི་རྟགས་ཡང་ ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་སྐྱབས་འཛིན་ སྐྱབས་རྗེ་ཕྱག་གྲོལ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་སྐྱབས་རྗེ་ཁྲི་རབས་བདུན་བཅུ་པ་ སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་འཇིགས་མེད་ཆོས་གྲགས་ མཆོག་གིས་ བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་ཏེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། བྱང་ས་སེམས་ཅན་སྲོག་སྐྱབས་ཚོགས་པ་འདི་ གཞུང་མིན་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། ཚོགས་པ་འདི་གིས་ སེམས་ཅན་ནདཔ་དང་རྨ་འཐོན་མི་ཚུ་སྲོག་སྐྱབས་འབད་ནི་དང་། སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་སྨན་བཅོས་དང་གཅེས་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི། དེ་ལས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་ཁྱིམ་ཚང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་ས་ཁོངས་ནང་ལུ་ སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་སྡོད་གནས་དང་ཉེན་སྲུང་གི་ས་གནས་ དེ་ལས་རྩ་ཐང་ཚུ་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་དེ་ སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་གི་ས་ཁོངས་ནང་ལུ་གྲལ་གཏོགས་འབད་ནི་དང་ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཚེ་ཐར་གཏང་ནིའི་ནང་ལུ་ལཱ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;ref name=&quot;༢༠༡༦&quot;&gt;[http://www.jangsaanimalsaving.org བྱང་ས་སེམས་ཅན་སྲོག་སྐྱབས་ཚོགས་པ། ༢༠༡༦].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;
བྱང་ས་གི་དགོས་དོན་སྦོམ་ཤོས་འདི་ར་ མཐར་ཐུག་ལུ་འགྲོ་བ་སེམས་ཅན་ག་ར་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཀྱི་གོ་རྟོགས་ སེམས་ཁར་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ འགྲོ་བ་སེམས་ཅན་ག་ར་ལུ་བྱམས་བརྩེ་སྐྱེད་པའི་ཐབས་ལམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནངཡོད་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་ལུ་བྱམས་དང་སྙིང་རྗེ་དངོས་སུ་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། ཕན་ཚུན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་བདེན་པ་དང་རེ་འདོད་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་ཀྱི་སྟོབས་ཤུགས་དེ་གིས་ བྱང་སའི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ ང་བཅས་རའི་འཇིག་རྟེན་གཅིག་མཐུན་གྱི་རྒྱུ་འབྲས་ཡར་འཕར་གཏང་ནི་དང་། དགེ་བ་བཟང་པོའི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་གིས་ག་ར་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་བཟོ་ནི་གི་ས་བོན་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ བྱང་ས་འདི་གི་ལཱ་འགན་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ན་གཞོན་དང་མི་སྡེ། སྒེར་སྡེ་དང་གཞུང་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་། གཞུང་གི་གཙུག་སྡེའི་ལས་གཡོགཔ་ཚུ་སྙིང་རྗེ་དངོས་སུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་ནང་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས།  &lt;ref name=&quot;༢༠༡༦&quot; /&gt; བྱང་ས་སེམས་ཅན་སྲོག་སྐྱབས་ཚོགས་པ་གིས་ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ སེམས་ཅན་སྦོམ་ཆུང་མེད་པར་ སྟོང་ཕྲག་ལྷག་སྟེ་ སྲོག་སྐྱབས་འབད་དེ་ སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་དང་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རི་དྭགས་ཉེན་སྲུང་ས་ཁོངས་བདུན་གྱི་ནང་ལུ་ བདག་འཛིན་པ་ ༡༨ ཀྱིས་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་སྟེ་སྲུང་བཞག་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། བྱང་ས་གི་ཡིག་ཐོ་ཅིག་དང་འཁྲིལཝ་ད་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་གསར་སྦིས་ཐང་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་བྱང་ས་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་སྐྱབས་གནས་གཅིག་གིས་ར་ སེམས་ཅན་ ༨༩༧༦ དེ་ཅིག་སྲོག་སྐྱབས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་། དེའི་ནང་ལས་ མང་ཤོས་ར་རོ་ཁྱི་ནདཔ་ཚུ་སྲོག་སྐྱབས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཚོགས་པ་འདི་གིས་དཀའ་སྡུག་ཆེ་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་ཡར་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་དང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས་ཚུ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ཚོང་རོགས་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་དུས་རྒྱུན་དུ་ལཱ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ཆོས་ལྡན་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་དང་གདུག་རྩུབ་ཚུ་བལྟ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཚོགས་པ་་ཅིག་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་མི་ལུ་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་པོ་མཆོག་གིས་བྱང་ས་ཚོགས་པའི་གསོལ་འདེབས་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;ref name=&quot;༢༠༡༦&quot; /&gt;&lt;br&gt;
བྱང་ས་སེམས་ཅན་སྲོག་སྐྱབས་ཚོགས་པ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་མྱོང་མི་སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་ སྲོག་སྐྱབས་དང་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་ལས་གྲོགས་རམ་ལེན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆེན་པོའི་ནང་ཆུ་ཐིགས་པ་གཅིག་བླུགས་ཏེ་འབད་རུང་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་མ་བསྐམས་ཚུན་ཚོད་དེ་སྡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ མི་ག་ར་འབད་རུང་ བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ བྱང་ས་ཚོགས་པ་ལུ་ཞལ་འདེབས་ཕུལ་བ་ཅིན་དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ བྱང་ས་ཚོགས་པ་གི་ལས་སྣ་དེ་གིས་ག་ར་ལུ་དགེ་བ་རྒྱུན་ཆད་མེད་པར་འཐོབ་ཚུགསཟེར་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ། &lt;ref name=&quot;༢༠༡༦&quot; /&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
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    <title>འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་མཐུན་ཚོགས།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་མཐུན་ཚོགས་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ སྲིད་མིན་དང་ཁེ་མིན་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་སྦེ་ལུགས་མཐུན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་ ས...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="9081" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་མཐུན་ཚོགས་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ སྲིད་མིན་དང་ཁེ་མིན་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་སྦེ་ལུགས་མཐུན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལུ་འབྲུག་གི་མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་བཅའ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་འོག་ལུ་ ཕན་ཚུན་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་མི་སྡེའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཐོ་བཀོད་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལས་ཚོགས་སོ་སོ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་མཐུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་གལ་གནད་ཆེ་བའི་འགན་དབང་འདི་ཡང་ གསར་འགྱུར་ལཱ་གི་ས་གོ་ནང་ཁྱད་རིག་གི་ལཱ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་དང་། བསམ་བརྗོད་དང་གནས་ཚུལ་སྤེལ་ལམ་གྱི་རང་དབང་གཟུང་ནི། གནས་ཚུལ་བདེན་པ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་དང་བསྲུང་ནི། དེ་ལས་ གསར་འགྱུར་གྱི་ལཱ་གི་གཤིས་ལུགས་ལུ་ ཀུན་སྤྱོད་མཐོ་བའི་གནས་ཚད་ རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི་དང་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་ཚུ་གནོད་ཉེན་དང་སྡུག་སྦྱོང་ དེ་ལས་ཁྲིམས་གཏུགས་འབདཝ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཚུ་ལས་བསྲུང་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་མཐུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་ བཀོད་ཁྱབ་ མདོ་ཆེན་གྱིས་དབུ་གཙོས་ཏེ་དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་གིས་སྦེ་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་ བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་འཛིན་ཡང་ཨིན་མི་ སྲིད་འཛིན་གྱིས་དབུ་གཙོས་པའི་བཀོད་ཚོགས་མདོ་ཆེན་ཚུ་ལུ་སེལ་ཐབས་འབད་མི་ཅིག་ཨིན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་མཐུན་ཚོགས་འདི་ འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་གཞི་ཚོགས་དང་བརྡ་དོན་དང་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ལས་ཁུངས་ དེ་ལས་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་ནང་ལུ་ལཱ་འབད་མིའི་ལས་ཁུངས། གཞན་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོད་པའི་ས་གནས་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ མཁོ་སྒྲུབ་འབད་བའི་མ་དངུལ་ལུ་བརྟེན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ༼འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་མཐུན་ཚོགས། ༢༠༢༡༽ འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་མཐུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མི་སྡེ་དང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ དེ་ལས་ སྲིད་དོན་ཡར་འཕེལ་གྱི་ནང་ལུ་ མི་སྡེའི་ཕན་ནུས་ཅན་གྱི་གསར་འགྱུར་ལཱ་གིས་ གལ་ཆེ་བའི་ལཱ་འགན་འབག་ནིའི་འཆར་གཞི་ཡོདཔ་དང་། བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་ཚུ་ལུ་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་དང་ཤེས་ཡོན་བྱིན་ནི། དེ་ལས་ སྐུལ་ཁྱབ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཚུ་འབད་དེ་ མི་སྡེ་གསར་འགྱུར་གྱི་ལཱ་ཁྱད་རིག་ཅན་ཅིག་དང་ རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་ ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
༼འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་མཐུན་ཚོགས།༽ འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་མཐུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་མཛད་སྒོ་ཚུ་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་བཀོད་པ་ཅིན་ དང་པ་ གནས་ཚུལ་སྤེལ་ལམ་དང་བསམ་བརྗོད་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་དང་། རྩ་ཁྲིམས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་བདེན་པ་ཚུ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་དང་བསྲུང་ནི། དེ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཁྱད་རིག་གི་སྒོ་ལས་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་འབད་དེ་ཡོད་པའི་བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་གི་གྱངས་ཁ་ཡར་སེང་འགྱོ་མི་ཚུ་གསོ་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། གཉིས་པ་ གལ་སྲིད་བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་ག་འབད་རུང་ཅིག་ ལཱ་འགན་བཞེས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཚབས་ཆེན་སྦེ་རྨ་བཏོན་ནི་དང་ ཡང་ན་ རྒྱུན་དུ་དབང་པོ་ལུ་སྐྱོན་ཕོག་ནི་དང་བསད་དཔ་འདྲཝ་ཅིག་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྒུད་འཐུས་ཀྱི་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་དེ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ཕུལ་ནི་ཡང་ཨིན་མས། གསུམ་པ་ལུ་ ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་ནང་གི་མཐུས་མི་གི་ཁྱད་རིག་གི་ལཱ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་ཐབས་ཤེས་ཚུ་བརྗེ་སོར་དང་ཕན་ཚུན་འབྲེལ་བ་ཚུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། བཞི་པ་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཁྱད་རིག་གི་སློབ་སྦྱོང་ལས་རིམ་བྱིན་ནིའི་ནང་ལུ་མཉམ་རུབ་སྦེ་ མ་དངུལ་ཐོན་ཁུངས་འཚོལ་ཞིབ་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། ལྔ་པ་ རྟགས་མ་དང་གྲོགས་རམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་ཚུ་ངོ་ཤེས་ནི་གི་ཐབས་ལམ་ཚུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནི་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་མཇུག་ར་ དྲུག་པ་གྲོས་བསྡུར་ཞལ་འཛོམས་དང་གོ་བསྡུར་ཞལ་འཛོམས་ དེ་ལས་ གྲོས་བསྡུར་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ གལ་ཅན་གྲུབ་འབྲས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་ སྙིང་སྟོབས་བསྐྱེད་བཅུག་ནི་དང་ཁྱད་རིག་གི་རྩོད་འགྲན་ཉམས་མ་བཅུག་པར་བཞག་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། ༼འབྲུག་བརྡ་བརྒྱུདཔ་མཐུན་ཚོགས།༽&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Journalist Association of Bhutan . (n.d.). About Us- JAB. Retrieved from Functions of JAB: http://www.jab.bt
# Journalist Association of Bhutan. (n.d.). About Us- JAB. Retrieved from Vision and Mission: http://www.jab.bt
# Journalists' Association of Bhutan. (2021). About Us- JAB. Retrieved from About- Journalist Association of Bhutan: http://www.jab.bt</text>
      <sha1>3rb8rmmem7jgngdf3yvieq7vo7b9rpk</sha1>
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    <title>ལྷག་བསམ།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-04-05T06:10:34Z</timestamp>
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        <id>8515</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ལྷག་བསམ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ནད་གཞི་ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་པའི་མི་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ མཐུད་འབྲེལ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ འགོ་དང་པ་ར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༩ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ ནད་ག...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="13235" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ལྷག་བསམ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ནད་གཞི་ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་པའི་མི་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ མཐུད་འབྲེལ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ འགོ་དང་པ་ར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༩ པའི་ནང་ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ ནད་གཞི་ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་ཐོབ་ཡོད་མི་ ཁོང་སྡེ་ཚན་གཅིག་གིས་སྦེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༦ ལུ་ནད་གཞི་ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་ཐོབ་ མི་དང་དེའི་བཟའ་ཚང་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཚུ་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ཡར་རྒྱས་བཏང་ཞིན་ན་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ལུ་ ནད་གཞི་ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་ཐོབ་སྟེཡོད་མི་ཚུ་དང་ གཅིག་ཁར་ འབྲེལ་བ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནིའི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འོག་ལུ་ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལྷག་བསམ་གྱིས་ ནད་གཞི་ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་ལུ་གཅིག་མཐུན་གྱི་ཕན་ནུས་ངོས་ལེན་འབད་ནི་དང་ མི་སྡེ་གཅིག་འབྲེལ་གྱི་དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ནིའི་ནང་ལུ་གྲལ་གཏོགས་འབད་ནི་ དེ་ལས་ གཅིག་མཐུན་ལམ་ལུགས་ལུ་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་སྦེ་འབད་ནི་གི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་བཟོ་ནི་དང་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏངམ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ གསོ་བའི་ལྷན་ཁག་གིས་སེམས་ཤུགས་བྱིན་པའི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྡེ་ཚན་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ས་གནས་ཐདམ་ཐད་ཁ་ལས་པར་ ག་ཏེ་ཡང་འཕེལ་ཏེ་ གོང་གི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་ཚུ་གུར་ལཱ་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ད་ལྟོ་ ལྷག་བསམ་གྱི་ནང་ལུ་ འཐུས་ ཨམ་སྲུ་ ༥༡ དང་ཕོ་སྐྱེས་ ༤༥ ཡོདཔ་དང་ བསྡོམས་ཀྱིས་ མི་ངོམ་ ༡༠༧ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལྷག་བསམ་གྱི་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ལྷན་སྡེ་ཚོགས་ཆུང་ནང་ལུ་འཐུས་མི་ ༨ ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་ཡང་ སྡེ་ཚན་ནང་གི་གྲོས་ཆོད་གལ་གནད་ཅན་ཚུ་བརྩམ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཁའི་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་མདོ་ཆེན་དང་སྤྱིར་བཏང་དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡང་ ཁོང་རའི་འཐུས་མི་ལས་བཙག་འཐུ་གྲུབ་པའི་ཕོ་སྐྱེས་གཅིག་དང་ཨམ་སྲུ་གཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ༼ལྷག་བསམ། ༢༠༡༨།༽ &lt;br&gt;
ལྷག་བསམ་གྱི་འཆར་གཞི་འདི་ཡང་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་འགྲོ་བ་མི་ཆ་མཉམ་ར་དོན་ཁུངས་ཡོད་པའི་མི་ཚེ་སྐྱོང་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ནད་གཞི་ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་འཐོབ་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ཚད་མེད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་སླབ་ནི་དང་འཇིགས་སྣང་བསྐྱེད་བཅུག་ནི། ཉེ་རིང་ཕྱེ་ནི་དང་། ཉེས་ཅན་ཅིག་སྦེ་བརྩིས་ཏེ་ དམའ་ཕབ་རྐྱབ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལས་ཐར་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ལྷག་བསམ་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་གང་དྲག་གནང་ནི་དང་ མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ འབད་དེ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མི་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ ནད་གཞི་ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་ཐོབ་ཡོད་པའི་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་འཇིགས་སྣང་བསྐྱེད་ནི་དང་ མི་དེ་ཚུ་ལས་བཟུར་ཏེ་སྡོད་ནི། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ནད་གཞི་ཡོད་པའི་མི་ལུ་ཉེ་རིང་ཕྱེ་ནི་དང་དམའ་ཕབ་རྐྱབ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བསམ་པ་ངན་པ་ཚུ་ལེགས་བཅོས་འབད་དེ་ ནད་གཞི་ཐོབ་ཡོད་ པའི་མི་འདི་ ནད་ལས་ཟློག་ཐབས་ལུ་སྨན་བཅོས་དང་གཅེས་སྐྱོང་འབད་དེ་ མི་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ནད་ཐོབ་ཡོད་ པའི་མི་གི་འཚོ་བ་ཡང་དོན་དག་ཡོདཔ་ཅིག་སྦེ་སྐྱོང་ཚུགས་པའི་དམིགས་པ་དང་། དེ་ལས་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་དང་ནད་གཞི་ཐོབ་ཡོད་པའི་མི། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ནད་གཞི་ཐོབ་མིའི་བཟའ་ཚང་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ ནད་གཞི་ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ཤེས་ཡོན་བྱིན་ནི་དང་ ནད་གཞི་འདི་ལུ་གདོང་ལེན་འབད་ནིའི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ག་ཅི་ར་དགོ་ག་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་གནས་ཚུལ་བྱིན་ནི་དང་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་པའི་ལས་ཁུངས་གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ལུ་འགྱུར་ཐབས་ཀྱི་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ༼ལྷག་བསམ། ༢༠༡༨།༽ &lt;br&gt;
ལས་ཁུངས་འདི་གིས་ག་ཅི་ར་འབདཝ་སྨོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ལུ་ ནད་གཞི་ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་དེ་ཤེསཔ་བཟོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༢ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ཨེཌིསི་གི་ཉིནམ་དང་འབྲེལ་ཏེ་ ཁོང་ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་ཐོབ་ཡོད་པའི་མི་ངོམ་ལྔ་གིས་ གཡང་ཟ་བག་ཟ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ནང་ལུ་ཐོན་ཏེ་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ནད་གཞི་གི་སྐོར་ལས་གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཡ་མཚན་ཆེ་བའི་གྲུབ་འབྲས་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གདོང་སྐོར་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནིའི་ལས་རིམ་དང་པ་དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་གཟིམ་དཔོན་གྱི་ཡིག་ཚང་ལས་ ཐད་ཀར་གྱི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་ཐོབ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡ པའི་ནང་ལུ་འགོ་དང་པ་ རྒྱལ་གཞུང་འབྲུག་གི་དམག་སྡེ་དང་རྒྱལ་གཞུང་སྐུ་སྲུང་གི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བསྒང་ མི་སྡེ་ལས་ ཁོང་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་དང་གུས་ཞབས་གང་དྲག་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དེ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ ལྷག་བསམ་ལུ སྟོབས་ཤུགས་ཧེང་སྐལ་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ ནད་གཞི་ཨེཌིསི་གི་སྐོར་ལས་གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་བར་ སློབ་གྲྭ་དང་མི་སྡེ། དམག་སྡེ་དང་ལཱ་འབད་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་ཚུ་ནང་དང་། དེ་ལས་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལས་ཐོན་སྡོད་མིའི་ན་གཞོན་ག་ར་བརྩིས་ཏེ་ རྫོང་ཁག་ ༡༣ གྱི་ནང་ལུ་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་མི་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༡༣༦༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་གོ་བརྡ་སྤེལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ༼ལྷག་བསམ།༽ &lt;br&gt;
དེ་མ་ཚད་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ནད་གཞི་ཨེཌིསི་ཐོབ་སྟེ་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་དང་གཅེས་སྐྱོང་འབད་དེ་བྱིན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། རང་གི་གཟུགས་ཁར་ཡོད་པའི་ནད་གཞི་ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གདོང་ལེན་བཟང་པོ་ག་དེ་སྦེ་འབད་ནི་ཨིན་ནའི་སྐོར་ལས་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་འབད་དེ་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་གོ་བརྡ་སྤེལ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལྷག་བསམ་གྱི་འཐུས་མི་གཞན་ ནད་གཞི་ཐོབ་ཡོད་པའི་མི་ངོམ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཆ་རོགས་འབད་ནིའི་མནོ་བསམ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཨེཆ་ཨའི་ཝི་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོད་པའི་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་བྱིན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་མ་ཚད་ ནད་གཞི་འདི་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ ལྷབ་སྦྱང་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་གཏང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ༼ལྷག་བསམ། ༢༠༡༨།༽ 
&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Lhak-Sam. (2018). About Us- Lhak Sam. Retrieved from About Lhak Sam (BNP+): http://www.lhaksa,.org.bt
# Lhak-Sam. (2018). About Us-Lhaksam. Retrieved from What We Do: http://www.lhaksam.org.bt
# Lhak-Sam. (2018). Anout Us- Lhak Sam. Retrieved from Our Vision and Mission: http://www.lhaksam.org.bt
# Lhak-Sam. (n.d.). Advocacy and Awareness. Retrieved from Creating awareness among Bhutanese socirty on Hiv and AIDS: http://www.lhaksam.org.bt</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ལྷོ་མོན་མི་སྡེ་ཚོགས་པ་འདི་ རྫོང་གསར་འཇམ་དབྱངས་མཁྱེན་བརྩེ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༠ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="10849" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ལྷོ་མོན་མི་སྡེ་ཚོགས་པ་འདི་ རྫོང་གསར་འཇམ་དབྱངས་མཁྱེན་བརྩེ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༠ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འོག་ལུ་ སྒྲིག་མཐུན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ཐོ་བཀོད་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ཚོགས་པ་འདི་གི་འགན་ཁུར་དེ་་ཡང་ སློབ་སྦྱོང་ཆ་ཚང་དང་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་གྱི་རིག་རྩལ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡུན་བརྟན་གྱི་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་ནི་དང་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་པའི་ཁ་སྐད་ནང་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ལྷོ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་གོ་ནི་དང་ མོན་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་བོད་ཀྱི་རི་ཐང་གི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ནང་གི་མི་༼འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ།ཨ་སམ། བར་མའི་མངའ་སྡེ།༽ ལུ་གོ་ནི་ཨིན་མས། རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཚོགས་པ་འདི་གི་མིང་ ལྷོ་མོན་མི་སྡེ་ཚོགས་པ་ཟེར་གནང་མི་དེ་ཡང་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་ས་མཚམས་ནང་ཨིན་པའི་བརྡ་སྟོན་་ནི་དང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་་གནས་པའི་བརྡ་ཡང་སྟོན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན་མས། ལྷོ་མོན་མི་སྡེ་ཚོགས་པ་གིས་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་གསར་གཏོད་དང་ལྷོ་མོན་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཟེར་གསརཔ་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཐོག་ལུ་ འགན་ཁུར་འབག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།  &lt;br&gt;
ལྷ་མོན་མི་སྡེ་ཚོགས་པ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༠ གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཉིནམ་གསུམ་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ བདེ་བ་ཐང་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱ་མཚོ་བཤད་གྲྭ་ནང་ལུ་སྦེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ སྐུ་མགྲོན་གཙོ་བོ་སྦེ་འབྲུག་གི་བློན་ཆེན་བགྲེསཔ་འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་འཕྲིན་ལས་མཆོག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། སྐུ་མགྲོན་གཙོ་བོ་གི་གསུང་བཤད་ཡང་ཁ་ཆེའི་བཀའ་སློབ་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་ སྐུ་མགྲོན་སྦེ་འབྱོན་མི་ མཁས་དབང་ ཝཱན་ཌ་ན་ཤི་བཱ། བང་ཀར་རོའི། ཇ་ཡ་ཀུ་མར་ཆི་ལ་ཊཱོན་དང་། ཤི་བཱ་ཀེ་ནི་ཡར་ ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་ དེང་སང་འཕྲུལ་རིག་གི་ཐོ་ལུ་ཞིང་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་དང་ཕྱགས་སྙིགས་ཕུད་རྡོག་གཅིག་ཡང་མེདཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནིའི་ཐབས་ཤེས་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ གསལ་ཞུ་སྤྱན་འབུལ་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། གཞི་བཙུགས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཉིནམ་གསུམ་གྱི་རིང་  བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་མི་སེར་དང་གཞུང་གི་འབྲེལ་ཡོད་འགོ་དཔོན་ དེ་ལས་ གཡུས་ཁའི་མི་དང་སོ་ནམ་པ་ཚུ་ག་ར་བསྡོམས་ཏེ་ མི་གྲངས་ ༥༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་གིས་གྲོས་བསྡུར་ལས་རིམ་ནང་ལུ་གྲལ་གཏོགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། མཇུག་བསྡུའི་ལས་རིམ་ནང་ལུ་ ལྷོ་མོན་མི་སྡེ་ཚོགས་པ་གི་དམིགས་དོན་ལུ་ ཁས་བླངས་གསལ་བཤད་འབད་མི་ཡང་དག་པ་ཅིག་ར་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་མི་ལུ་གཡུས་ཁའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལས་ཡང་ལྷག་བསམ་རྣམ་དག་གི་སྒོ་ལས་སྤྲོ་བ་ཡོད་པའི་དག་སྣང་ཡང་བཏོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབས་འབད་ནི། སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་དང་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་ལུ་སེམས་ཤུགས་བྱིནམ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ རྗོང་གསར་མཁྱེན་བརྩེ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ ད་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ དམངས་གཙོའི་གཞུང་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ གཞན་གྱིས་སླབ་མ་དགོ་པར་ འགན་ཁུར་ཚུ་རང་གིས་ར་འབག་དགོཔ་ཨིན་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཏེ་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;
ལྷོ་མོན་མི་སྡེ་ཚོགས་པ་གི་འཆར་གཞི་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ཤེས་ཡོན་ དེ་ལས་ དེའི་བརྩི་མཐོང་དང་ལག་ལེནཚུ་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ལུ་ སྒྲ་དག་སྤུས་དག་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་དང་། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱབ་ཁབ་དང་ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་གིས་དཔེ་བཞགབཏུབ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད བཟའ་འཐུང་ཚུ་རང་གིས་རང་ལངམ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་འགྲུབ་ཐབས་དང་། མི་ཚུའི་མ་འོངས་མི་ཚེ་འདི་ཁོང་རའི་ལག་པར་བཞག་ཐབས་ལུ་ སྙིང་སྟོབས་དང་ཐབས་ཤེས་ དེ་ལས་ཤེས་རབ་དང་ལྡན་ཏེ་ ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་མི་སྡེ་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དམིགས་པ་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གཡུས་ཁའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་གཡོག་གི་གོ་སྐབསདང་ གཡུས་སྒོ་ཚུ་ནང་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་རིམ་ལུགས་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནི་ག་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
ལྷོ་མོན་མི་སྡེ་ཚོགས་པ་གིས་ ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཀྱི་བར་ན་བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ལུ་ ཕྱགས་སྙིགས་ཕུད་རྡོག་གཅིག་ཡང་མེདཔ་སྦེ་ཟོ་ནི་དང་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་གཡོག་གི་གོ་སྐབས་བྱིན་ཏེ་ ངན་པའི་དབང་ལུ་ཐལ་མ་བཅུག་པར་བཞག་ནི་དང་ དེ་མ་ཚད་རྗོང་ཁག་དེ་ནང་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ མཁོ་ཆེ་བའི་འཕྲུལ་ཆས་ཀྱི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་དེ་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་བཙོང་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་བཟོ་སྟེ་ འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་ནི་འདི་་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཚོགས་པ་འདི་གིས་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# The Lhomon Society. (2018). About Us. Retrieved from The Vision and The Mission: http://www.sji.bt
# The Lhomon Society. (2018). About Us- Lhomon Society. Retrieved from Overview: http://www.sji.bt
# The Lhomon Society. (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved from The Launch of SJI: http://www.sji.bt</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉    བློ་ལྡན་གཞི་ཚོགས་འདི་ ཤེས་རིག། མི་སྡེའི་ཚོང་ལཱ། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ཚུ་གོང་འཕེལ་བཏང་སྟེ་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་མི་སྡེའི་འཚོ་སྐྱོང་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="9862" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉    བློ་ལྡན་གཞི་ཚོགས་འདི་ ཤེས་རིག། མི་སྡེའི་ཚོང་ལཱ། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ཚུ་གོང་འཕེལ་བཏང་སྟེ་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་མི་སྡེའི་འཚོ་སྐྱོང་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་མི་སྡེའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་གྲོས་སྟོན་འོག་ལུ་ ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་དེ་ཡོད་པའི་གཞི་་ཚོགས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
གཞི་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་མིང་དེ་ཡང་ དེའི་ལམ་སྲོལ། རྒྱལ་རབས། ཤེས་ཡོན་གྱི་དོན་འབྲས་ཚུ་གུར་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ བློ་ལྡན་ཟེར་བཏགས་བཏགསཔ་ཨིན་མས། བློ་ལྡན་ཟེར་ཐད་ཀར་གྱི་གོ་དོན་འདི་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བློ་རིག་དང་ལྡན་མི་ཅིག་ལུ་གོ་ནི་དང་ དེ་ཡང་ ཤེས་རབ་དང་ལྡན་པ་དང་ཐོས་རྒྱ་ཅན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ལུ་གོ་ནི་དང་། དེ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ནང་པའི་ཆོས་ལུགས་འགོ་དང་པ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་མི་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་འབྱུང་གནས། སངས་རྒྱས་དང་འཇམ་དབྱངས་ཀྱི་ཐ་སྙད་ལུ་གོ་ནི་ཨིན་མས། བློ་ལྡན་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་དམིགས་དོན་འདི་ཡང་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ ཆོས་བདག་མེད་ཀུན་ལ་ཐོབ་ཐང་ཡོད། ཟེར་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཤེས་བྱ་ལུ་བདག་པོ་ཟེརཝ་མེདཔ་ལས་འདི་འགྲོ་བ་མི་ག་ར་ལུ་ཐོབ་དབང་ལྡནམ་ཨིན་ཟེར་ཨིན་མས། གཞི་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་ལས་རྟགས་འདི་གིས་ག་ཅི་བརྡ་མཚོན་སྟོནམ་སྨོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ ཤེས་རབ་དང་བློ་གྲོས་བྱིན་ནིའི་བརྡ་སྟོནམ་ཨིན་མས། ལས་རྟགས་འདི་ཡང་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་པོ་ཏི་གྲུ་བཞི་ནར་མོའི་སྒྲིག་བཀོད་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཆོས་པོ་ཏི་འཛིན་མིའི་ལགཔ་འདི་གི་བརྡ་མཚོན་ཡང་ཤེས་བྱ་གི་ཕྱག་མཇལ་ རབ་ཨིན་པའི་བརྡ་སྟོནམ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
བློ་ལྡན་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་བརྩམ་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་ཡང་ ཤེས་རིག། ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལཱ། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་སྔར་སྲོལ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཐོག་ལས་ལས་རིམ་བརྩམ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ དང་པ་ཤེས་རིག་ནང་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ འི་ལོ་ལུ་ ལས་ཁུངས་འདི་གི་སྲིད་འཛིན་མཁས་དབང་་ཀརྨ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གཡུས་སྒོ་མཐའ་ཟུར་ཅིག་ནང་་སྡོད་མི་ཨ་ལུ་་བུམོ་གཅིག་གི་ཤེས་ཡོན་མཐར་བཀལ་ནིལུ་ཕན་ཐབས་སྦེ་་ ཡུ་ནའི་ཊེཊི་ཀིང་ཌོམ་ལས་ཞལ་འདེབས་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ལེན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། བློ་ལྡན་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་བའི་ཐོག་ལས་ བུམོའདི་ད་ལྟོ་ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཅིག་ནང་སློབ་དཔོན་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་མོ་རའི་ཨ་ལུ་་ཚུ་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ བློ་ལྡན་ཤེས་རིག་གི་ཐབས་ཤེས་ལས་བརྟེན་ཨ་ལུ་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཨ་ལུ་ ༡༨༢ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་། གཙུག་ལག་གཞི་རིམ་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ན་གཞོན་ ༥༨ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ལྷབ་སྦྱང་འབད་ནིའི་གྲོགས་རམ་ཡང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་སྐྱེས་ལོ་ལྔ་མན་ཆད་ཀྱི་ཨ་ལུ་་ ༡༡༧ དེ་ཅིག་ཡང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་བློ་ལྡན་སློབ་སྦྱོང་ལྟེ་བའི་ཨ་ལུ་གཅེས་སྐྱོང་དང་ཡར་སྐྱེད་ནང་བཙུགསཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
གཉིས་པ་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ བློ་ལྡན་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་འབྲུག་པའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཤེས་ཡོན་ལྷབ་སྦྱང་འབད་ཚར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ མི་ཚེའི་ནང་དོན་སྨིན་ཅན་གྱི་ལཱ་འབད་དེ་མི་ཚེ་སྐྱོང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མ་དངུལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བློ་ལྡན་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ རེ་འདོད་ཅན་གྱི་ཚོང་དཔོན་ ༥༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་བྱིན་ཡོདཔ་དང་། རྫོང་ཁག་ ༡༨ ནང་ཚོང་ལཱ་འབད་མི་ ༢༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་མ་དངུལ་གྱི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་བྱིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཚོང་འདོད་སྐྱེད་མིའི་ནང་ལས་ ༧༢ འདི་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས། བློ་ལྡན་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་དང་བཟོ་རིག་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་གཙུག་སྡེའི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཚོང་ལཱ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་བཟོ་ནིའི་༼ཨསི་ཨི་ཨི་ཌི༽ ཟེར་བའི་ལས་རིམ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཚོང་ལཱ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ཤེས་ཡོན་བྱིན་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
གསུམ་པ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་སྔར་སྲོལ་གྱི་ཐད་ཁར་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་མགྱོགས་པ་་སྦེ་འགྱུར་བ་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྔར་སྲོལ་གྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ཡང་དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་འགྲོས་ཀྱིས་སྦེ་འགྱུར་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བློ་ལྡན་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཚུ་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་ནི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།  བློ་ལྡན་གཞི་ཚོགས། ༢༠༢༡&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Loden Foundation. (2021). About Loden Foundation. Retrieved from Our Story: http://www.loden.org</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉    སྨན་ལྗོངས་གཞི་ཚོགས་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མཐའ་ཟུར་ལས་ཕར་སྡོད་མི་ མི་སེར་མཉམ་ཆུང་དགོས་མཁོ་ཚུ་འགྲུབ་ནི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ནི་དང་དེ་ཚུ་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམའབད་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="11714" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉    སྨན་ལྗོངས་གཞི་ཚོགས་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མཐའ་ཟུར་ལས་ཕར་སྡོད་མི་ མི་སེར་མཉམ་ཆུང་དགོས་མཁོ་ཚུ་འགྲུབ་ནི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ནི་དང་དེ་ཚུ་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམའབད་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ལཱ་འབད་མིཁེ་མིན་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། གཞི་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་ལཱ་ཡང་ཁེབ་ས་གི་དོན་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་མེན་པར་ སྦྱིན་སེམས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་བྱམས་སྙིང་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱུད་སྐུལ་དང་ ཆོས་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་མི་མང་ལུ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ལྟ་བ་འགྲུབ་ནི་འདི་གལ་ཆེ་བའི་དགོས་དོན་ཅིག་ཨིན་ཟེར་ཡིད་ཆེས་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དེ་གིས་སྦེ་ སྨན་ལྗོངས་གཞི་ཚོགསཀྱིས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དགོངས་བཞེད་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་འདི་འགྲུབ་ཐབས་ལུ་ དེའི་ཀ་ཆེན་བཞིཔོ་འདི་ལུ་ལྷན་ཐབས་འབད་ནིའི་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་་མཉམ་རུབ་ཀྱི་འགན་ཁུར་འབག་སྟེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། གཞུང་གིས་མི་མཉམ་ཆུང་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་འཆར་གཞི་དང་གཞི་ཚོགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་གཞི་ཚོགས་འབད་དེ་འབད་རུང་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་གཡུས་སྒོ་་ཚུ་ནང་གསོ་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་དང་སློབ་གྲྭ་ལུ་མཁོ་བའི་མཁོ་ཆས་ དེ་ལས་མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་སྣང་བ་ཚུ་ད་ལྟོ་ཡང་དཀོན་དྲགས་སྦེ་ཡོདཔཨིན་མས། གནད་དོན་དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ སྨན་ལྗོངས་གཞི་ཚོགསའདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༡ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ མི་སྡེ་དང་མི་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་གྱི་མི་ཚེའི་ཡར་དྲག་བཟོ་ཐབས་ལུ་དང་ འདྲ་མཉམ་དང་ཡུན་བརྟན་གོང་འཕེལ་ དེ་ལས་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི་དང་། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་ལུགས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ། དེ་ལས་རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྨན་ལྗོངས་གཞི་ཚོགས་འདི་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།  སྨན་ལྗོངས་གཞི་ཚོགས། ༢༠༡༧
གཞི་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་འཆར་གཞི་ཡང་ གཞན་དོན་ལུ་གཅིག་རུབ་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་རྒྱུད་སྐུལ་བཟང་པོ་འབད་དེ་ དོན་ཁུངས་ཡོད་པའི་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་དང་། སྨན་ལྗོངས་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་ནི་ལུ་འདྲ་མཉམ་སྦེ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ཐབས་ལུ་ཐོབ་ལམ་ཉུང་བའི་ཨ་ལུ་དང་མི་སྡེ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་འདྲ་མཉམ་སྦེ་བྱིན་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་ནིའི་དམིགས་གཏད་སྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ གཞི་ཚོགས་དེའི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་ཡང་ བྱམས་པ་དང་སྙིང་རྗེའི་ ཐོག་ལས་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་དང་མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ཕན་བདེ་ལུ་སྤྲོ་སྣང་བསྐྱེད་བཅུག་ནིའི་ཐབས་ལུ་ཤེས་རིག་དང་འབྲེལ་བའིརྒྱབ་སྐྱོར། ལས་རིམ་དང་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ནང་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་བཅུག་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
གཞི་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་ལས་རྟགས་ཀྱི་བརྡ་མཚོན་དེ་ཡང་ ལགཔ་གཉིས་གཅིག་བཟོ་བའི་སྦུག་ལས་སངས་རྒྱས་སྨན་བླ་ལས་འབྱུང་བའི་ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱི་འོད་འདི་གིས་ དགོས་མཁོ་ཆེ་བའི་ཕྱོགས་བཞི་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ མི་ག་ར་ལུ་ཁྱབ་པའི་བརྡ་དང་། ཕྱག་མེ་ཏོག་པདྨ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མིའི་ སྦུག་་ལས་ སྨན་ཤིང་འཁྲུང་མི་འདི་སངས་རྒྱས་སྨན་བླའི་སྙིང་རྗེ་གི་བརྡ་མཚོན་སྟོནམ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ བྱམས་པ་དང་སྙིང་རྗེ་གིས་གང་བའི་སྨན་ཤིང་ འདི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ག་རའི་ནང་དར་ཁྱབ་འགྱོ་བའི་བརྡ་ཨིན་མས། ལས་རྟགས་འདི་ནང་སངས་རྒྱས་སྨན་བླའི་ཕྱག་གི་ཚོས་གཞི་་སེརཔོ་དང་ལི་ཝང་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་བརྡ་མཚོན་འདི་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཤེས་རབ་དང་སྙིང་རྗེའི་བརྡ་སྟོནམ་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་འབྲུག་མི་ཁོ་ན་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་  སངས་རྒྱས་སྨན་བླའི་ཐུགས་རྗེ་དང་བྱིན་རླབས་ཀྱིས་ མི་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོམ་པའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཚུ་ག་ར་སངས་ཚུགས་པའི་ཚུལ་སྟོནམ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ སྨན་ལྗོངས་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ མི་སྡེ་ལུ་ཕན་པའི་ལས་རིམ་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ ལཱ་ལེ་ཤ་ར་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ཡོད་རུང་དག་པ་ཅིག་བཀོད་པ་ཅིན་ དེ་ཡང་ ཅན་དན་སྦྱིས་འདི་ མོ་བཏབ་ལས་རིམ་གྱི་ས་ཁོངས་ཅིག་ནང་ཚུད་དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལས་ འགུལ་གསརཔ་ཚུ་ཡང་ས་ཁོངས་དེ་ནང་ལས་སྦེའགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གཡུས་དེ་ཁར་འཐུང་ཆུའི་རྐ་གསརཔ་ཅིག་བཏོན་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཆུའི་རྫིང་གཅིག་ཡང་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་ གཡུས་སྒོ་འདི་ནང་གི་སློབ་གྲྭའི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡང་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལུ་མཁོ་ཆེ་བའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་དང་ཉིན་མའི་ལྟོ་ཚུ་ཡང་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། གཞན་ཡང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་སྔོ་ལྗང་དང་ལྡནམ་སྦེ་བཞག་ཐབས་ལུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ སློབ་གྲྭའི་ས་ཁོངས་ནང་ལས་ཤིང་འབྲས་ཚུ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ རང་གི་གཟུགས་ཁམས་བདེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཞག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྨན་ལྗོངས་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་གཟི་ལུང་ཁ་འབྲིང་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་བར་མའི་ནང་ལུ་ ཤིང་འབྲས་ཀྱི་ཤིང་གི་ལྕངམ་ལྷམ་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་བཀྲམ་སྟེ་ སློབ་གྲྭའི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ལུ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་་ལུ་ མི་སྡེའི་ནང་ཕྱགས་སྙིགས་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་ནིའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྤེལ་ཏེ་ ཕྱགས་སྙིགས་བཀོ་སའི་ཧོད་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Menjong Foundation . (n.d.). Our Impact. Retrieved from Activities carried out by Menjong Foundation: http://www.menjongfoundation.org.bt
# Menjong Foundation. (2017). About Menjong Foundation. Retrieved from About Us- Menjong Foundation: http://www.menjongfoundation.org.bt
# Menjong Foundation. (2017). About Us- Menjong Foundation. Retrieved from Menjong Foundation: http://www.menjongfoundation.org.bt</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་མིང་ ན་གཞོན་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལས་ཚོགས་ཟེར་མ་བཏགས་པའི་ཧེ་མ་ འབྲུག་བྱམས་སྐྱོང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཟེར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༨ ལུ་གཞི་བཙ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="11015" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་མིང་ ན་གཞོན་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལས་ཚོགས་ཟེར་མ་བཏགས་པའི་ཧེ་མ་ འབྲུག་བྱམས་སྐྱོང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཟེར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༨ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་ འབྲུག་ཞི་བའི་མི་སྡེ་བཅའ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་འོག་ལུ་ མི་སེར་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཐོ་བཀོད་ཨང་ &lt;/big&gt; CSOA-PBO-31 &lt;big&gt; ཅན་མར་ཐོ་བཀོད་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་གིས་ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཀྱི་ནང་འབྲུག་པའི་ལེའུ་ཚན་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། འབྲུག་བྱམས་སྐྱོང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འདི་ མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་གྲོས་སྟོན་དབང་འཛིན་གྱིས་ངོས་ལེན་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་མིང་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༡ གི་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༣ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་ ན་གཞོན་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལས་ཚོགས་ཟེར་ བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ན་གཞོན་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་གིས་ འབྲུག་བྱམས་སྐྱོང་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཀྱི་དམིགས་དོན་འདི་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་མེད་པར་འཕྲོ་མཐུད་ནི་ཨིན་པའི་གུར་ འབྲུག་པའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་དོན་སྨིན་ཅན་གྱི་གཡོག་འཚོལནི་་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབདཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུའི་དཀའ་ངལ་སེལ་ཐབས་ཅིག་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཚ་གྱང་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ལངས་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་འདི་ཡར་སེང་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་གཙོ་བོ་  ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་གཡོག་ལངསམ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་ཨིན་མས། དེ་གིས་མ་དོ་བར་ ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་གིས་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་འགྱོ་བའི་ན་གཞོན་དང་བཟོ་རིག་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་སྤེལ་ཁང་ནང་ཡོད་མི་དང་གཞན་ཡང་ དོན་སྨིན་ཅན་གྱི་ལཱ་གཡོག་འཚོལ་མ་ཐོབ་མིའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ནིའི་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
ལས་ཚོགས་དེའི་བཀོད་ཚོགས་མདོ་ཆེན་གྱི་ནང་ལུ་ ན་གཞོན་ངོ་ཚབ་འཐུས་མི་དང་མི་སྡེ་ཁག་ལས་ངོ་ཚབ་རེ་བརྩིས་ཏེ་འཐུས་མི་བསྡོམས་བདུན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།. བཀོད་ཚོགས་མདོ་ཆེན་དེ་གིས་ལས་ཚོགས་སྐྱོངམ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ལས་འཆར་ཚུ་ལུ་བཀོད་ཁྱབ་འབད་ནི། མདུན་ལམ་གཟང་ནི། ལཱ་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ལམ་སྟོན་ཚུ་བྱིན་ཏེ་ དེ་ཚུ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་མ་དངུལ་ལང་མ་ལངས་པའི་དཀའ་སྔལ་ཚུ་ཡང་བལྟ་ནི་འདི་ བཀོད་ཚོགས་དེ་གི་ལཱ་འགན་ཨིན་པས། བཀོད་ཚོགས་འདི་ལོ་གཅིག་ནང་ ཉུང་ཤོས་ར་ཚར་བཞི་དེ་རེ་འཛོམས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ལས་ཚོགས་ཞལ་འཛོམས་ཐེངས་དང་པམ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ སྦྱིན་ཟླ་ ༣ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༣ ལུ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། བཀོད་ཚོགས་འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ལོ་ལྔའི་རིང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ གནས་སྟངས་དང་འཁྲིལ་ལོག་སྟེ་བསྐོ་བཞག་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།  འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་རྒུད་འཐུས་ ཡང་ན་ ཚོགས་ཡོན་ཚུ་ ག་ནི་ཡང་འཐོབ་ནི་མེདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལས་ཚོགས་་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་འཛིན་འདི་དྲག་ཤོས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཚེ་བཅུ་ཨིན་མས།་། དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་གིས་གཞུང་དབང་གི་ཆེ་མཐོའི་གོ་གནས་རྣམ་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ནང་ལུ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡང་ཞུ་དང་ཞུཝ་བཞིན་དུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཁྲི་འཛིན་གྱིས་བཤད་མིའི་ནང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ན་གཞོན་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ ལུ་དོན་སྨིན་ཅན་གྱི་གཡོག་སྤྲོད་དེ་འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་བཅུག་ནི་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་དོ་ཡོད་ཟེར་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ན་གཞོན་ཁོང་རའི་མི་ཚེ་འདི་ཚུལ་མཐུནམ་དང་གཅིག་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ དོན་དག་ཡོདཔ་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ལཱ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ན་གཞོན་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལས་ཚོགས། &lt;br&gt;
མི་སྡེ་འདི་དོན་དག་ཡོདཔ་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ཐབས་ལུ་ འགན་ཁུར་ཅན་གྱི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་སྐྱོང་གཞག་་འབད་ནི་འདི་ ན་གཞོན་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འཆར་གཞི་ཨིནམ་དང་། འབྲུག་པའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ཚུལ་མཐུན་དང་རང་གིས་རང་ལངསམ་སྦེ་སྡོད་ནི། དེ་མ་ཚད་འཇོན་ཐང་ཆེ་བའི་མི་ཁུངས་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་་ནི་ལུ་ འགན་ཁུར་ཅན་གྱི་ན་ལོན་ལུ་འགྱུར་ནིའི་ལམ་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་དོན་སྨིན་ཅན་གྱི་གཡོག་འཐོབ་ཐབས་ལུ་ དགོས་མཁོ་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གི་སྡེ་ཚན་དབྱེ་ཁག་གསུམ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ དང་པ་ལཱ་གཡོག་ནང་ལུ་མ་འཛུལ་མི་ སློབ་རིམ་ ༡༠ པ་དང་ ༡༢ པའི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཨ་ལུ་་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་འགྱོ་མིའི་ན་གཞོན་དང་། གཉིས་པ་ ལཱ་གཡོག་གི་དོན་ལུ་བཟོ་རིག་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་སྤེལ་ཁང་ཚུ་ནང་ལུ་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་འབད་མི་ན་གཞོན།  གསུམ་པ་ ན་གཞོན་ལོ་ངོ་ ༢༤ ལངས་ཏེ ལཱ་གཡོག་འཚོལ་བའི་བསྒང་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ཨིན་པས། དབྱེ་ཁག་གསུམ་པམ་དེ་ནང་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ལས་ཐོན་ཏེ་སྡོད་མི་དང་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་མི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ཡང་ཚུད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ན་གཞོན་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལས་ཚོགས། ༢༠༢༡&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Organization For Youth Empoerment. (2021). Vision and Mission. Retrieved from OYE's vision and mission: http://www.bhutanoye.org
# Organization For Youth Empowerment. (2021). About Us- Organization For Youth Empowerment. Retrieved from About Us: http://www.bhutanoye.org
# Organization For Youth Empowerment. (n.d.). About Us - OYE. Retrieved from The Board of Directors: http://www.bhutanoye.org</text>
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    <title>རྒྱལ་འཛིན་ཐགས་རིག་སློབ་སྡེ།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ཐགས་འཐག་ནི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ཆ་ཤས་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། འཚོ་བའི་རིག་རྩལ་ཚུ་མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་འཛིན་ཐགས་རི...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="12646" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཐགས་འཐག་ནི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ཆ་ཤས་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ཨིན། འཚོ་བའི་རིག་རྩལ་ཚུ་མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་འཛིན་ཐགས་རིག་སློབ་སྡེ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༥ ལུ་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་སྐྱབས་འཛིན་འོག་ལུ་ གཞུང་མིན་དང་ཁེབ་ས་མེད་པའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། རྒྱལ་འཛིན་ཐགས་རིག་སློབ་སྡེ་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་མི་སྡེ་ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་བཅའ་ཁྲིམས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ ཅན་མའི་དགོངས་དོན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་  སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༣ ལུ་ཐོ་བཀོད་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སློབ་སྡེ་འདི་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ཁྲི་འཛིན་སྦེ་མཛད་པའི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་ཀྱི་འོག་ལུ་ བློ་གཏད་བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཅིག་གིས་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་མཐུས་མི་གཞན་ཡང་ ཕེ་རིང་སྨན་རིགས་ཚོང་སྡེའི་ཁྲི་འཛིན་ ཌོག་ཊར་ཕྼེ་ཌེ་རིག་པཱོལ་སེན་་། འབྲུག་གཞུང་བརྡ་དོན་དང་བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་དྲུང་ཆེན་དྲག་ཤོས་ཀརྨ་ཌབ་ལུ་དཔལ་འབྱོར། འབྲུག་གཞུང་ནང་སྲིད་དང་སྲོལ་འཛིན་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་དྲུང་ཆེན་དྲག་ཤོས་བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས། ། དེ་ལས་ ཝ་ཤིང་ཊཱོན་ཌི་སི་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འཛིན་ཐགས་རིག་སློབ་སྡེ་གི་ཆ་རོགས་ཀྱི་སྲིད་འཛིན་ ཀིརིསི་ཏ་ཨེ་མ་སཱན་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས། སློབ་སྡེའི་བཀོད་ཁྱབ་མདོ་ཆེན་འདི་གིས་ བཀོད་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་འགན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་མཐུས་མི་དྲུང་ཆེན་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་འཛིན་ཐགས་རིག་སློབ་སྡེ་གི་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ཐགས་རིག་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཤེས་ཡོད་བྱིན་ནི་དང་། དེ་ཚུ་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་ནི་དང། གོང་འཕེལ་ གཏང་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི་ དང་ ཕན་ཚུན་གཉིས་ལུ་ཕན་པའི་འགྲེམས་སྟོན་དང་ཤེས་ཡོན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་གོང་འཕེལ་ གཏང་ནའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ ལུ་སེམས་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་བཅུག་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་འཛིན་ཐགས་རིག་སློབ་སྡེ་གི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་ཚུ་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་བཀོད་པ་ཅིན་ དང་པ། ཐགས་འཐག་ནི། བཟོ་བཀོད་དང་བཟོ་འདོན་གྱི་ ཁྱད་རིག་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་འབད་སའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལྟེ་བ་ཅིག་བྱིན་ནི། གཉིས་པ། ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་འགྲེམས་སྟོན་རིག་པའི་ནང་ ལས་གཡོག་པའི་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་དང་གོམས་གཡོག་གི་དོན་ལུ་ སློབ་གཉེར་གྲོགས་རམ་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་བཟོ་ནི།  གསུམ་པ། ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྔར་སྲོལ་ཐགས་རིགས་ཁག་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཚུ་ག་ར་བསྡུ་སྟེ་ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་བཞག་ནི། བཞི་པ། རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ འགྲེམས་སྟོན་གྱིས་གོ་བཟོ་ནི།   ལྔ་པ། འབྲུག་གི་ཐགས་རིགས་ཚུ་ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་བསྐྱར་གསོ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཉམས་སྲུང་ལྟེ་བ་ཅིག་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་དང་། དྲུག་པ། འབྲུག་པའི་ཐགས་རིག་རྩལ་རིག་གུར་ད་ལྟོ་འབད་བའི་བསྒང་ཡོད་པའི་སྔར་སྲོལ་དང་ཤེས་ཡོན་ལས་རིམ། གོ་བསྡུར་ཞལ་འཛོམས།  སློབ་སྦྱོང་སྡེ་ཚན། དེ་ལས་ ལེགས་སྦྱར་ ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་ནིའི་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ༼རྒྱལ་འཛིན་ཐགས་རིག་སློབ་སྡེ། ༢༠༡༦།༽ རྒྱལ་འཛིན་ཐགས་རིག་སློབ་སྡེ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ གོང་ཅན་གྱི་ཐགས་རིག་དང་གཞན་རྒྱལ་རབས་ཅན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་ནང་ངོས་ལེན་ཡོད་པའི་ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་གི་ཐབས་ལམ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་མི་གཙུག་སྡེ་དང་པ་ཨིན་མས།
ཉམས་སྲུང་ལྟེ་བ་འདི་གི་འགན་ཁུར་འདི་ རྒྱལ་རབས་ཅན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ཚུ་ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་གིས་མ་དོ་བར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་རྫོང་དང་དགོན་སྡེ་ཁག་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ནང་ལུ་ར་ བསྐྱར་གསོ་ཕྱམ་ཕྱིམ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་ནིའི་ནང་འགན་ཁུར་འབག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།ད་ལྟོ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་འཛིན་ཐགས་རིག་སློབ་སྡེའི་ཉམས་སྲུང་ལྟེ་བ་གིས་ གཙོ་བོ་ར་ཐགས་རིགས་ལུ་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཨིན་རུང་ ཁོང་གི་བསྡུ་ལེན་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་འབད་དེ་འགྱོ་མི་དང་འབྲེལ་ ཐགས་རིགས་ཀྱི་ཅ་ལ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་གིས་མ་དོ་བར་ལྕགས་རིགས་དང་། ཤིང་བཟོ། ཚོན་རིས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་བསྡུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཉམས་སྲུང་ལྟེ་བ་འདི་གིས་ དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་སྒྱུ་རྩལ་དང་རྒྱལ་རབས་ཅན་གྱི་དངོས་པོ་ཚུ་ཡང་ གྲངས་སུ་བཙུགས་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཐགས་འཐག་ནིའི་སློབ་གྲྭ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་གིས་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཚུ་སྔར་སྲོལ་གྱི་ཐགས་འཐག་ནི་དང་སྐུདཔ་ཚོས་གཏང་ཐངས་ཀྱི་རིག་རྩལ་དང་། དེ་གིས་ཡང་མ་དོ་བར་ དེང་སང་གི་རིག་རྩལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་བཀོད་རིས་དང་ཚོས་གཞི་མཉམ་སྦྱོར་ཚུ་གི་ཐོག་ལུ་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་བྱིན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སློབ་གྲྭ་དེ་ནང་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པ་ཚུན་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་ ༢༠༠ ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་འབད་མིའི་སྡེ་ཚན་ ༡༡ གི་ནང་ སྦྱོང་བརྡར་འབད་དེ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སྦྱོང་བརྡར་གྱི་དུས་ཡུན་ཡང་ ཟླ་ངོ་གསུམ་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་ཨིནམ་དང་། དེ་བསྒང་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཚུ་གིས་ དཀར་རྐྱང་གི་ཐགས་དང་འབུ་རས་སེ་ཤུད་ཡ་ཁྲག་ཀྱི་དཀྱི་ར་ཚུ་ཁྲ་བཀོད་ཡང་འཇམ་སམ་སྦེ་འཐག་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཁོང་རའི་རིག་རྩལ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ མགུ་རྙོག་དྲགས་ཀྱི་དཔེ་རིས་ཚུ་ཡང་འཐག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཨིན་རུང་ ཐགས་འཐག་ནིའི་ནངའགོ་དང་པ་ཨིན་མིའི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཚུ་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ དང་པ་ར་ སྐུདཔ་ཙང་ཙ་སྦེ་དཀར་རྐྱང་གི་ཐགས་འཐག་བཅུག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་ལས་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་འབུ་རས་དང་སེ་ཤུད་ དེ་ལས་ མགུ་རྙོག་དྲགས་ཡོད་པའི་ གོ་ལ་ཚུ་ཐགསཔ་ཨིན་མས། ༼རྒྱལ་འཛིན་ཐགས་རིག་སྡོབ་སྡེ། ༢༠༡༦།༽&lt;/big&gt; (Royal Textile Academy of Bhutan, 2016)

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Royal Textile Academy of Bhutan. (2016). About RTA. Retrieved from About Us - RTA: http://www.rtabhutan.org
# Royal Textile Academy of Bhutan. (2016). About RTA. Retrieved from Programs- RTA: http://www.rtabhutan.org</text>
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      <text bytes="11306" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཏཱ་ར་ཡ་ན་གཞི་ཚོགས་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་མོ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༤ ལུ་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ ལུགས་མཐུན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་གསར་གཏོད་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཏཱ་ར་ཡ་ན་གཞི་ཚོགས་འདི་ མི་མང་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཆེ་བའི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ འབྲུག་གི་མི་སྡེའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་བཅའ་ཁྲིམས་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཏཱ་ར་ཡ་ན་གཞི་ཚོགས་འདི་ བཀོད་ཚོགས་མདོ་ཆེན་དང་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ཚོགས་ཆུང་གིས་སྦེ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་བྱིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཀྱི་གནས་རིམ་ཚུ་ལུ་ལམ་སྟོན་སྤྱི་བསྡོམས་སྦེ་བྱིན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ཚོགས་ཆུང་གིས་ བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་བཀའ་གྲོལ་གནང་བའི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནིའི་ནང་ དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་བྱིན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ལས་རིམ་སྣ་འཛོམས་དང་ས་གོ་དཔོན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་ནི་དང་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་ཚུ་ག་ར་ དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་གིས་མཛད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ༼ཏཱ་ར་ཡ་ན་གཞི་ཚོགས།༽ 
ལས་ཁུངས་འདི་གི་བར་ཞུགས་དེ་ཡང་ གལ་ཆེ་བའི་གཞི་དོན་བཞི་གི་ནང་ལུ་དབྱེ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ དང་པ་ རང་ཉིད་རོགས་རམ་སྡེ་ཚན་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་བཟོ་ནི་དང་གོ་རྟོགས་ཡར་འཕར་བཏང་སྟེ་མི་སྡེ་མཁོ་སྒྲུབ་འབད་ནི་དང་ མི་སྡེ་དང་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལུ་ཁས་བླངས་འབད་མི་ཡར་སེང་རྐྱབ་ནི་ཨིནམ་དང་། གཉིས་པ་ སྡོད་ཁྱིམ་ལེགས་བཅོས་འབད་ནིའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཕུལ་ནི། གཟུགས་ཁམས་ལུ་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་སྦྱར་ནི་དང་། གཞི་རྟེན་གྱི་ཆུ་དང་གཙང་སྦྲའི་མཁོ་ཆས་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལས་རྟེན་ཏེ་གཞི་རྟེན་གྱི་དགོས་མཁོ་ཅན་ཚུ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་ཚུཨིན་མས། གསུམ་པ་ འོས་འབབ་ཡོད་པའི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ལྷག་པར་དུ་སློབ་ཕྲུག་བུམོ་ཚུ་ ཡོན་ཏན་ལྷབ་སྦྱང་འབད་ནི་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི་དང་གོ་སྐབས་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་ བཞི་པ་ལུ་ འོང་འབབ་བཟོ་བའི་ལཱ་དང་ཚོང་ལཱ་ཆུང་ཀུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཐབས་ལུ་སྐྱིན་འགྲུལ་ཆུང་ཀུའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་འགྲུབ་ནི་དང་ ལག་ཤེསཔ་གི་ཐོན་དངོས་ཚུ་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབསྟེ འཚོ་ཐབས་ཀྱི་གོ་སྐབས་ཚུ་ཡར་འཕར་གཏང་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས། ༼མི་སྡེ་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ། ༢༠༠༣།༽&lt;/big&gt;[http://www.socialprotection.org Social Protection]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ལས་ཁུངས་འདི་གི་དམིགས་དོན་ ཡང་ སེམས་ཀྱི་གདིང་ལས་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་ནི་ཨིནམ་དང་། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ཉམས་དགའ་ཏོག་ཏོ་དང་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནིའི་འཆར་གཞི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོད་པའི་མི་སྡེ་ཚུ་གི་མི་ཚེ་ལེགས་བཅོས་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་གོ་སྐབས་ཚུ་བྱིན་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་མཐུན་ཏོག་ཏོ་དང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཡར་འཕར་གཏང་ནིའི་ནང་ལུ་ ཡིད་ཆེས་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། མི་སྡེ་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ གཅིག་སྒྲིལ་གྱི་རིག་རྩལ་གསརཔ་སྦྱང་ནི་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་མཛད་དེ་ ལས་ཁུངས་འདི་གིས་ གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་ནི་དང་རང་ལུ་དབང་ཆ་བྱིན་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནིའི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ༼ཏཱ་ར་ཡ་ན་གཞི་ཚོགས།༽&lt;/big&gt; [http://www.tarayanafoundation.org Tarayana Foundation]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ཏཱ་ར་ཡ་ན་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ར་མཛདཔ་སྨོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་གཡུས་ཚན་ནང་ལུ་ མི་སྡེ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ནང་ མཁོ་ཆེ་བའི་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ཞུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གསར་གཏོད་དང་ས་གནས་ཀྱི་མི་མང་ལུ་དགོས་མཁོའི་ཁྱད་པར་གྱི་བར་ན་ ཟམ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། མི་སྡེའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་གྲོས་འཆར་ཚུ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཟུང་སྟེ་ གཡུས་ཚན་ནང་ལུ་གྲུབ་འབྲས་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་ཐབས་ལུ་ མི་སྡེའི་མཁོ་སྒྲུབ་དང་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་བཟོ་ནི། དེ་ལས་ དབང་ཆ་བྱིན་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ང་བཅས་རའི་མི་སྡེ་གི་སའི་བཀོད་པ་ལཱ་ཁག་དང་ཁ་གཏོར་བའི་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ལས་བརྟེན་ མི་སྡེ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གི་ནང་ལུ་མི་སྡེའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་དང་ཚོང་ལམ་གྱི་གོ་སྐབས་སྤྱོད་ནིའི་ནང་ལུ་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་གདོང་ལེན་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་གཡུས་ཚན་ཚུ་ནང་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ ལྷོད་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་གདོང་ལེན་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ལས་ཁུངས་འདི་གིས་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་མི་སེར་གོང་འཕེལ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ཏེ་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་མི་སྡེ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཕྱག་ལེགས་ཤེམ་སྦེ་ཞུ་ཚུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ལས་ཁུངས་འདི་གི་མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གཙོ་བོ་གཞུང་གི་གོང་འཕེལ་ཐབས་ཤེས་དང་ འོང་འབབ་བཟོ་ནིའི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ཡར་འཕར་བཏང་སྟེ་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་འཚོ་བའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ཡར་དྲག་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ༼ཏཱ་ར་ཡ་ན་གཞི་ཚོགས།༽&lt;/big&gt; [http://www.tarayanafoundation.org Tarayana Foundation]

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Social Protection. (2003). Bhutan- Tarayana Foundation. Retrieved from About Us: http://www.socialprotection org
# Tarayana Foundation. (n.d.). About Us - Tarayana Foundation. Retrieved from Vission and Mission: http://www.tarayanafoundation.org
# Tarayana Foundation. (n.d.). About Us- Tarayana Foundation. Retrieved from Know about Us: http://www.tarayanafoundation.org
# Tarayana Foundation. (n.d.). About Us- Tarayana Foundation. Retrieved from What We do: http://www.tarayanafoundation.org</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་ཚོགས་སྡེའི་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོའི་ནང་བཀོད་དོ་བཟུམ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་འདི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ རང་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="18536" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་ཚོགས་སྡེའི་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོའི་ནང་བཀོད་དོ་བཟུམ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་འདི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོད་པའི་ མི་དབང་ཨ་ཞེ་འཆི་མེད་དབྱངས་འཛོམས་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ ཐུགས་བྱམས་བརྩེའི་སྒོ་ལས་ སྐྱབས་འཛིན་མཛད་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་ གཞུང་མིན་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་ཨིན། ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཚན་རིག་ ཚོང་རིག་དང་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཚུ་གི་ བར་ན་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོདཔ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ སའི་ཆགས་ལུགས་དང་དེའི་ལག་ལེན་ དེ་ལས་མི་སྡེ་ནང་ཡུན་བརྟན་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ མི་་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་ དམིགས་པ་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཁེབ་ས་ལུ་དམིགས་པ་མ་བསྐྱེད་པར་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་འགྱུར་བ་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་གཞི་འགྱམ་བཙུགས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༧ ལུ་ མི་སེར་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི་དང་ མི་སྡེ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་ དེ་ལས་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་ནིའི་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་ཚོགས་སྡེའི་ དམིགས་ཡུལ་དང་དམིགས་གཏད་ཟེར་རུང་ མི་སྡེ་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཆེ་བའི་ལཱ་འབད་ནི་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་གཡུས་ཚན་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་གནོད་པ་མེད་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་ཚད་མེདཔ་འབག་འོང་ནི་དང་ འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་གདོང་གུར་དགའ་འཛུམ་ཡོདཔ་བཟོ་ནི་དེ་ཨིན། བསིལ་དྲོད་འགྱུར་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་དེ་གིས་ འགྲོ་བ་མིའི་མཐུན་མོང་ལུ་ ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་བདེ་བ་དང་སྐྱིད་པ་བྱུང་ནི་ལུ་ ཉེན་ཁ་སྦོམ་པའི་གདོང་ལེན་ ཕུད་རྡོག་གཅིག་ཨིན་ནི་དེ་གིས་ དེ་ལུ་གདོང་ལེན་འབད་ཐངས་དང་ དེའི་གནོད་པ་སེལ་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཐབས་ཤེས་སྣ་ཚོགས་སྤྲོད་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;
ལས་ཚོགས་དེ་གི་གཞན་དང་གཞན་ཡང་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་འགྱོ་སྟེ་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཡུན་བརྟན་བཟོ་ཐབས་དང་ མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་བཏང་སྟེ་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་གཉིས་དང་ལྡནམ་བཟོ་ནིའི་ འོས་འབབ་ཡོད་ལུགས་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ བཤད་བྱིན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་ མི་སྡེ་ སྲིད་དོན་དང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་མཐོང་ཚུལ་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་འབྲེལ་བ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ འགྲོ་བ་མིའི་ཚེ་སྲོག་དང་ འཚོ་བའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ ནུས་ཤུགས་ངེས་གཏན་ཡར་འཕར་བཏང་ནི་དང་ དགོས་མཁོ་ཆེ་བའི་རྒྱུ་སྐར་འདི་ མགྱོགས་དྲགས་སྦེ་འགྱུར་བའི་ གནས་སྟངས་གདོང་ལེན་འབད་དགོཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ འབྲུག་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གིས་ མི་ཚུ་སྐུལ་ཁྱབ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ཚུ་ཡང་ ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་སྦེ་རྩ་འགེངས་ཏེ་འབདཝ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ག་ཅི་དེ་བཟང་པོའི་ལཱ་འབད་ནིའི་སྤྲོ་བ་དང་ལྡན་མི་ རིག་པ་དང་ཡོན་ཏན་གྱི་དོ་མཉམ་མེད་པའི་གང་ཟག་ ཁྱད་དབང་ངག་དབང་ནོར་བུ་གིས་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་མདོ་ཆེན་གྱི་འགན་ཁུར་འབག་སྟེ་ ཡིག་ཚང་ཆུང་ཀུ་གཅིགཔོ་དེ་ནང་ལས་ གྲུབ་འབྲས་ཚུཡང་ དུས་རིམ་བཞིན་དུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་དང་ གོང་འཕེལ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས་ཏེ་ འཐོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཚོང་ལཱ་གི་དབང་ཚད་སྐུལ་ཤུགས་འབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་གིས་ ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ན་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ སའི་མཛེས་བཀོད་བཟོ་རིམ་དང་ ཕྱིའི་མཐའ་སྐོར་ཚུ་ གསར་སྒྲུབ་དང་རང་བཞིན་ཡུན་བརྟན་ལག་ལེན་གྱི་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེད་བཅུག་སྟེ་ འགྲོ་བ་མིའི་དགོས་འདོད་སྤྲོད་དེ་ གསོ་སྐྱོང་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་མི་འདི་ སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་རིམ་ལུགས་ དྲང་བདེན་ངེས་བརྟན་བཟོ་ནི་དེ་གིས་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་གི་བྱ་བའི་རིམ་པ་ཚུ་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ དམིགས་པ་མ་བསྐྱེད་པར་ གཞན་དང་གཞན་ཡང་ སའི་ཆགས་ལུགས་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གོ་སྐབས་ སོ་ནམ་དང་ནགས་ཚལ་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལས་འགུལ་དེ་གིས་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གཡུས་སྒོའི་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་དྲང་བདེན་ཐོགས་ སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ངེས་བརྟན་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ ལཱ་འབདཝ་ཨིན་མས། གཡུས་གོའི་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་སྐོར་ལས་ མི་ཚུ་ལུ་གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་དེ་ འཚོ་བའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཡུན་བརྟན་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ ལས་འགུལ་དེ་གིས་ གྲོང་གསེབ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ དབང་ཆ་སྤྲོད་དེ་ མི་སེར་དང་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ལུ་ ཕན་ཐོགས་ཡོདཔ་བཟོཝ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དོན་ཚན་དེ་གི་ཐོག་ཁར་ ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་ལས་འགུལ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཁྲོམ་སྡེའི་ས་གོ་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་དེ་ སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་རིན་ཐང་ཆེ་བའི་ ཕན་ཐོགས་འབྱུང་བཅུག་ནིའི་འཆར་གཞི་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ ནགས་ཚལ་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་དང་ ཡུན་བརྟན་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ གསུང་གྲོས་མཛད་ནི་དང་ གཞན་ཡང་རི་དྭགས་སེམས་ཅན་ སྟག་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་ནི་དང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་ བསིལ་དྲོད་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཉེན་ཁ་མེད་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ རང་བཞིན་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འབད་བཅུག་ནིའི་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ལས་འགུལ་གྱི་དམིགས་པ་དེ་ཡང་ སྒྲིང་ཁྱིམ་ མེ་རླུང་ བཟོ་བཀོད་རིག་པ་དང་ཅ་དངོས་ཟེར་བའི་ དོན་ཚན་དེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་མི་ལོ་ ༢༠ དེ་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་ ཁྱིམ་བཟོ་སྐྲུནའབད་ནི་དེ་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ཡར་སེང་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མེ་རླུང་གི་ནུས་ཤུགས་ (༤༡.༥༨%) སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༤ ལུ་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་མི་ སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་གི་གྲངས་སུ་ སྒྲིང་ཁྱིམ་དེ་ཡང་ཚུད་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་ ངོས་འཛིན་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་འབྲེལ་ཡོད་ལས་སྡེ་ཚུ་དང་ གཞུང་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་ དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་འབད་མི་དང་ སྒེར་གྱི་ཁྱིམ་རྐྱབ་མི་ཇོ་བདག་ཚུ་ལུ་ གྲོས་བསྟུན་འབད་དེ་ ཁྱིམ་རྐྱབ་པའི་སྐབས་མེ་རླུང་གི་ནུས་ཤུགས་ཉུང་སུ་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་མི་སྒྲིང་ཁྱིམ་ཚུ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ ནག་རྫས་ཀྱི་རླུང་ཚུ་མར་ཐབས་གཏང་ནིའི་ ལཱ་ཚུ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་ གསར་གཏོད་ཀྱི་རིག་པ་ཚུ་བཟོ་བཀོད་འབད་ནི་དང་ སླར་འབྱུང་བཏུབ་པའི་ཐབས་ཤེས་ཚུ་ འབྲེལ་མཐུན་བཟོཝ་ཨིན། ལས་འགུལ་དེ་བཟུམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་མེ་རླུང་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་དེ་ བསིལ་དྲོད་གནས་སྟངས་དང་བསྟུན་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འོང་བཅུག་ནི་ལུ་ ཕན་པ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་གཞན་ཡང་བསིལ་དྲོད་གནས་སྟངས་ བསྐྱར་གསོ་འབད་བཏུབ་པའི་མེ་རླུང་དང་ ཆུའི་དོན་ཚན་གུར་གཞི་བཞག་མི་དེ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དེ་ ཆུ་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ གྲོང་གསེབ་དང་ཁྲོམ་སྡེ་མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ནང་ འཐུང་ཆུ་དང་ཞིང་ཆུ་མ་ལངས་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་ འཐོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཨིན། ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཆུ་དེ་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་དང་འབྲེལ་ཡོད་ལས་སྡེ་ཚུ་དང་ མཉམ་འབྲེལ་འབད་དེ་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་འབད་ནི་ སྲིད་བྱུས་བཀོད་སྒྲིགས་འབད་ནི་དང་ མོ་བཏབ་ཀྱི་འཕྲུལ་ཆས་བཙུགས་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་བསྐྱར་གསོ་འབད་བཏུབ་པའི་ ཉིམ་ རླུང་མ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་ལུ་གནས་སྐབས་གསར་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་ནི་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་གཞན་ཡང་ ཚན་རིག་ ཤེས་རིག་ སྐུལ་ཁྱབ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་དང་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་ ལ་སོགས་པ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་བརྩོན་ཤུགས་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་གི་སྤེལ་ཁང་གེ་ར་དང་ མཉམ་འབྲེལ་འབད་དེ་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་ཚུ་འབད་ནི། དེ་མ་ཚད་ལོ་བསྟར་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་མཁས་འཛོམས་ཚུ་ འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་ སྲིད་བྱུས་བཟོ་བཀོད་འབད་མི་དང་ གཞན་མི་ལས་སྡེ་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ལཱ་འབད་མི་ ཡིག་ཚང་དང་མི་ངོ་ཚུ་ གཅིག་ཁར་འཛོམས་བཅུག་སྟེ་ མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་དཀའ་ངལ་ཚུ་ གསལ་སྟོན་འབད་བཅུག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་འབྲུག་པའི་མི་ངོ་ཚུ་ལུ་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཚ་གྱང་དང་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་ བྱིན་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་འཐོབ་ནི་དང་ རང་བཞིན་དང་ཤེས་རིག་དངོས་མཐོང་གི་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་འབད་ནིའི་སེམས་ཤུགས་ཚུ་ཡང་ སྤྲོད་ནིའི་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གིས་ རང་བཞིན་དང་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ སྙན་ཞུ་ཚུ་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ར་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལོ་བསྟར་གནས་དེབ་ཚུ་ཡང་ དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་ ལས་འགུལ་ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་འབད་རུང་ དེ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་གནས་ཚུལ་ཁ་གསལ་ཡང་ན་ཐུང་ཀུ་རེ་ ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་གིས་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་ མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ ཕེས་བྷུག་ ཨཱིནས་ཊ་གཱརམ་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ཡང་ གསལ་བསྒྲགས་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
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    <title>འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་དེ་ གཞུང་གིས་དབང་བའི་ལས་སྡེ་ཅིག་དང་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་དང་རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་ཅིག་ཨིན། འབྲུག་ལུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྲོད་མི་འདི་ གཞན...&quot;</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19458" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་དེ་ གཞུང་གིས་དབང་བའི་ལས་སྡེ་ཅིག་དང་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་དང་རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་ཅིག་ཨིན། འབྲུག་ལུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྲོད་མི་འདི་ གཞན་ལས་སྡེ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ཡོད་རུང་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྲོད་མི་དེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མ་གཏོགས་གཞན་མེད། འབྲུག་ལུ་རྒྱང་འཕྲིན་ལག་ལེན་གྱི་རང་དབང་འདི་ བརྡ་དོན་བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་དང་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བཅའ་ཁྲིམས་ ༢༠༠༦ ཅན་མ་བསྟུན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་ལུ་ལོ་ངོ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ དེང་སང་རྒྱང་འཕྲིན་གྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་མ་ལྷོདཔ་ལས་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྲོད་མི་མེད་པར་ གནག་གདུང་གི་མུན་པའི་ནང་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ན་གཞོན་ཚོགས་པ་གིས་  རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་ཅིག་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Karma Puntsho, 2013, p594)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱི་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ དེའི་རིམ་ལུགས་ལག་ལེན་ཐོག་ལས་ རེས་གཟའ་ཟླཝ་ཨ་རྟག་ར་འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནིའི་དམིགས་པ་ཐོག་ གནས་ཚུལ་དང་ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ་ དུས་ཡུན་སྐར་མ་ ༣༠ དེ་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་སྲོལ་འདུག། རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་སྤེལ་འཕྲུལ་འདི་ཡང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ ལྕགས་འཕྲིན་གཏོང་ལེན་ཡིག་ཚང་གཅིག་ལས་ གླ་ཁར་ལེན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༩ ནང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ན་གཞོན་ཚོགས་པའི་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་རིམ་ལུགས་དེ་ གཞུང་གིས་དབང་བའི་ལས་འཛིན་ཅིག་སྦེ་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ལུ་ མིང་ཡང་འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Lily Wangchuk (2017) &lt;big&gt;ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༢ ལྟར་དུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ལུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་གཅིག་ལས་མ་སྡོད་པའི་ཁར་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་ཟེར་བའི་མིང་ཙམ་ཡང་མ་གོ་བར་སྡོད་པའི་བར་ན་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་གསརཔ་དེ་བཟུམ་འབག་འོང་སྟེ་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ཡང་ག་ཅི་དེ་སེམས་དགའ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་དང་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུན་ལམ་སྦེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་ཟེར་བཙུགས་མི་དེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་མི་གེ་ར་ལུ་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཕན་པ་བྱུང་ནུག། དེ་སྦེ་བཙུགས་ཚུགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༡ ནང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱིས་ ལས་འཆར་བརྩམ་ནི་དང་ དེང་སང་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ མཁོ་སྒྲུབ་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཡང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། དུས་ཡུན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་རིམ་ལུགས་དེ་ བཀག་དམ་འབད་བཞག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ཡུན་མ་རིངམ་ཅིག་ཁར་ ཞབས་ཏོག་དེ་དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་ལྷོད་དེ་ འབྲུག་མི་གེ་ར་ལུ་ཕན་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་ཐོགས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ མཐུན་རྐྱེན་དེ་བཟུམ་སྤྱོད་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་འཐོབ་ནི་དེ་གིས་སེམས་དགའ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་ལུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཉི་ཤུ་གེ་ར་ནང་ ཁྱབ་ཚུགས་མི་དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ནང་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་གསརཔ་གཅིག་ ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་དང་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ དེ་མ་ཚད་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་དང་པ་དེ་ཅིག་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྦུག་ལུ་ཆགས་ཡོད་པའི་ས་གོ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ ཡིག་ཚང་ཆུང་ཀུ་རེ་སོ་སོ་སྦེ་ཕྱེ་མི་དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༥ མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཁམས་ཅིག་ཁར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པའི་ས་ཕྱོགས་ གེ་ར་ནང་ཁྱབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ཚུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ ཉིན་བསྟར་བཞིན་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༢༤ གི་རིང་སྤྱོད་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༡༤ དང་ སྐར་མ་ ༤༥ དེ་རྫོང་ཁ་ ཁ་སྐད་ནང་ ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༣ དང་ སྐར་མ་ ༤༥ དེ་ཅིག་ཨིང་སྐད་ཁ་སྐད་ནང་ དེ་ལས་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༢ དང་ སྐར་མ་ ༥༣ དེ་ཅིག་ ཚངས་ལ་ཁ་སྐད་ནང་ དེ་ལས་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༡ དང་སྐར་མ་ ༥༨ དེ་ཅིག་ལྷོ་ཚམས་ཁ་སྐད་ནང་སྦེ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་མི་གེ་རའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་ཡུལ་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ནུག། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ནུབ་མོ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༢ ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ དྲོ་པའི་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༦ ཚུན་ ཉིན་མའི་བསྐྱར་ཞུ་ཚུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་སྦེ་བཞག་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་དུས་ཡུན་ཐུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ཡང་ ཐུགས་སུན་མ་བཅུག་པར་བཞག་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱིས་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་ནང་ལས་ ད་རེས་ཀྱི་བར་དུ་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁའི་ལས་རིམ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་གཉིས་པ་ཟེར་འགོ་བཙུགས་མི་དེ་ནང་ ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༢༤ གི་རིང་རྫོང་ཁའི་ཁ་སྐད་ཐོག་ ལས་རིམ་སྣ་ཚོགས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་སྲོལ་འདུག། ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཡང་ མེ་ག་ཧཊས་ ༩༠ དང་ ༩༢ གཉིས་ལས་གསན་ཚུགས་ནི་དང་ དེའི་ནང་ཤེས་རིག་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལས་རིམ་ སེམས་ཁམས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལས་རིམ་ དེ་མ་ཚད་གཞན་ ལས་རིམ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ བརྒྱུད་འཕྲིན་ཁ་འཐེན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ ཐུགས་སྤྲོ་གླུ་གཞས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ བློ་ཟེ་དང་རྩང་མོའི་ལས་རིམ་དང་སྦེ་ མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་དང་པ་ནང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཚངས་ལ་ཁ་སྐད་ ལྷོ་ཚམས་ཁ་སྐདདང་ ཨིང་སྐད་ཁ་སྐད་ཚུ་ནང་ ལས་རིམ་སྣ་ཚོགས་བཟོ་སྟེ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་རིམ་དེ་ཚུ་ཡང་ མེ་ག་ཧཊས་ ༨༨.༡ ནང་ལས་ཧིང་སངས་ས་སྦེ་གོ་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་ལུ་རྒྱང་མཐོང་ལུ་ཡང་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་རྒྱང་མཐོང་དང་པ་དང་གཉིས་པ་ དེ་མ་ཚད་ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་རྒྱང་མཐོང་གསུམ་པ་ཡང་ལྷོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཨིན་རུང་སྔོན་མིའི་དུས་ལུ་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་ཟེར་གཅིག་ལས་མེད་མི་ནང་ལས་ གནས་ཚུལ་ དངོས་གསལ་གློག་བརྙན་དང་ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་ལས་རིམ་གཞན་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ བདུན་ཕྲག་གཅིག་གི་རིང་ཕྱི་རུའི་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༡ དེ་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ ༧-༨ ཚུན་གྱི་བར་ན་བཏང་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༢ ལས་ དུས་ཡུན་ཆུ་ཚོད་བཞི་གི་རིང་ གཏང་ནི་སྦེ་ཡར་སེང་འབད་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ཕྱི་རུའི་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༦ ལས་ ༡༠ ཚུན་རྒྱང་མཐོང་ནང་སྦེ་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ གཏང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོད་རུང་ ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་སྡོད་མི་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མ་གཏོགས་ གཞན་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་ནང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ ནང་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ཁྱབ་ཚུགས་ནུག། ད་རེས་ཀྱི་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་གིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་ལྟེ་བ་ ༣༡ དེ་ཅིག་ གཡོག་བཀོལ་ཚུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱིས་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་ལས་འཆར་རྒྱ་སྦོམ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ ཕྱི་རུའི་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༦ ལས་ ༡༡ ཚུན་སྦེ་ དུས་ཡུན་ཆུ་ཚོད་ལྔ་ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་རིམ་མང་ཤོས་ར་རྫོང་ཁ་ནང་ཡོད་རུང་ སྐབས་འབབ་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་གཉིས་དེ་ཅིག་དང་ ཕྱི་རུ་ཨ་རྟག་ར་གནས་ཚུལ་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ ཨིང་སྐད་ནང་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དྲོ་པ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༦ ལས་ ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༡༡ ཚུན་ ཕྱི་རུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་ཚར་མི་ཚུ་ བསྐྱར་ཞུ་འབད་སྲོལ་འདུག། བདུན་ཕྲག་ངལ་གསོའི་སྐབས་ ཕྱི་རུའི་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༣ ལས་ ༦ ཚུན་ ཞབས་ཁྲ་གདམ་ཁ་རྐྱབ་བཅུག་སྟེ་ ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་དེ་འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་སྤྲོ་བ་འཐེབ་སྦེ་བྱུང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱིས་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་རྒྱུན་ལམ་གསུམ་ཡོད་ས་ལས་གཅིག་དེ་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་དང་པ་དེ་ཡང་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། དེ་ནང་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཡང་མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ གནས་ཚུལ་ སྐབས་འབབ་ཀཡི་ལས་དོན་ཚུ་དང་ ཤེས་རིག་ རྩོད་རིགས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ དེ་མ་ཚད་ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་མི་ འབྲུག་ལུ་རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་རྒྱུན་ལམ་དང་པ་ཨིན། རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་གཉིས་པ་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ལུ་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་རྒྱུན་ལམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༡ གི་ ལོའི་ནང་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུན་ལམ་གསུམ་པ་ཡང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ཤེས་རིག་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལས་རིམ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་ནི་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱིས་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་དང་རྒྱང་མཐོང་ཐོག་ལས་ ཚོང་བསྒྲགས་དང་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ འོས་འབབ་ལྡན་པའི་དངུལ་སྤྲོད་ཐོགས་ལས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་ཚུགས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ལས་རིམ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཐོག་ལས་ མི་ཚུ་ ཐུགས་བག་ཕེབས་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་དང་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་ཚུ་ནང་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དང་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་ལས་ཡང་ འཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཡོད། ལས་སྡེ་དེ་བཟུམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ འབྲུག་པའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡང་ ལཱ་གཡོག་གི་གོ་སྐབས་སྤྲོད་ཚུགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཡོན་ཏན་ལྷབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཡང་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཕན་ཐོག་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོད། (འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན། ༢༠༡༧)&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Phuntsho, K. (2013). History of Bhutan. Random House Publishers India Private Limited.
# Wangchuk, L. (2017). Facts about Bhutan the Land of Thunder Dragon. KMT Publishers.
# འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན། ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ། retrieved from: bbs.bt/news/
# Retrieved from: https://en.m.wekipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan_Broadcasting_Service</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;བྷུ་ཊན་ཊཡེམསི་&lt;/big&gt; (Bhutan Times) &lt;big&gt;གི་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་ནང་ བཀོད་དོ་བཟུམ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག་དུས་ཚོད་ཚད་འཛིན་འདི་ འབྲུག་ལུ་སྒེར་གྱི་དབང་བའི་གསར་ཤོག་འགོ་དང་པ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="16727" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;བྷུ་ཊན་ཊཡེམསི་&lt;/big&gt; (Bhutan Times) &lt;big&gt;གི་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་ནང་ བཀོད་དོ་བཟུམ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག་དུས་ཚོད་ཚད་འཛིན་འདི་ འབྲུག་ལུ་སྒེར་གྱི་དབང་བའི་གསར་ཤོག་འགོ་དང་པ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གསར་ཤོག་དེ་གིས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གནས་ཚད་ནང་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་གེ་རའི་ནང་ འཐོབ་ཚུགས་པའི་གསར་ཤོག་བདུན་ཕྲག་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༢ འབད་མི་གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ རེས་གཟའ་ཟླཝ་གི་ཚེ་ ཁ་སྐད་རྫོང་ཁ་དང་ཨིང་སྐད་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ནང་ དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་སྲོལ་འདུག། བྷུ་ཊན་ཊཡེམསི་&lt;/big&gt; (Bhutan Times) &lt;big&gt;ཟེར་མི་གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༤ པའི་ཚེས་ ༣༠ ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྫོང་ཁག་ ༢༠ གེ་རའི་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ ངོ་ཚབ་ཚོང་ཁང་ ༢༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་དེ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ འཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ནུག། གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་དང་ འཚུབས་ཅན་གེ་ར་བསྡུ་སྒྲིགའབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ རང་སོའི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ནང་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་དོ་ག་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཤེས་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
གསར་ཤོག་དེ་གིས་ངོ་མ་ར་ དམིགས་གཏད་དེ་གྲོང་གསེབ་དང་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་གཡུས་སྒོ་ཚུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་ལུ་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་བསྡུ་སྒྲིག་འབད་ནུག། བྷུ་ཊན་ཊཡེམསི་&lt;/big&gt; (Bhutan Times) &lt;big&gt;དེ་རང་དབང་ཧྲིལ་བུ་ཡོད་པའི་ མི་མང་གི་ཚད་འཛིན་ཚོང་སྡེ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ ཁྱབ་སྤེལ་འབད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༦༦ དེ་ཅིག་གི་དབང་ཆ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གཞན་ལྷག་ལུས་ཚུ་གེ་ར་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་མི་མང་གི་བགོ་བཤའ་ཉོ་ཚོང་རྐྱབ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ཨིན་མས། བགོ་བཤའ་དབང་མི་བདག་པོ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཉེ་རིང་མེད་པར་ཐ་ན་ སོ་ནམ་ཞིང་ལཱ་འབད་མི་ཅིག་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ཞི་གཡོགཔ་གཞུང་གིས་དབང་བའི་ལས་སྡེ་ནང་ལཱ་འབད་མི་ཚུ་ ཚོང་པ་དང་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་མཁས་མཆོག་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ གེ་ར་ཚང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གསར་ཤོག་ཚད་འཛིན་ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་ ངོ་མ་སྦེ་བཟོ་བཀོད་དང་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་འབད་ནི་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
བྷུ་ཊན་ཊཡེམསི་&lt;/big&gt; (Bhutan Times) &lt;big&gt;གི་གསར་ཤོག་ཚད་འཛིན་དེ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ མ་རྩ་དངུལ་ཀྲམ་ས་ཡ་ ༤༠ དེ་ཅིག་དང་ བགོ་བཤའ་འཆང་མི་ མི་ངོ་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༢༨༨ དེ་ཅིག་སྡོད་ནུག། གསར་ཤོག་ཚད་འཛིན་དེ་ཡང་ འགོ་དང་པ་ར་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལྕང་ཟམ་ཏོག་ལུ་སྦེ་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ དགེ་ལེགས་ཕུག་ལུ་ཡང་ གནས་ཚུལ་སྙན་ཞུ་པའི་ཡིག་ཚང་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ བཀྲིས་སྒང་དང་ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་ལུ་ཡང་ ཡན་ལག་ཡིག་ཚང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནིའི་ རེ་འདོད་བསྐྱེད་དེ་སྡོད་ནུག། ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ས་སྒོ་དེ་ཁར་སྡོད་མི་ མི་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་འབྱུང་བཅུག་ནིའི་ དམིགས་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་བསྐྱེད་དེ་སྡོད་ནུག། ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་ནང་ལས་གཡོགཔ་ ༡༠ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ ལས་གཡོགཔ་ ༥ དེ་ གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་པ་ མཁས་མཆོག་དང་ལ་ལུ་ཞུན་དག་འབད་མི་ ལ་ལུ་དངུལ་རྩིས་འགོ་དཔོན་ ལ་ལུ་རིས་མོ་བཟོ་བཀོད་འབད་མི་དང་ ལ་ལུ་གསར་ཤོག་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་མི་ ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་ གོ་སྐབས་སྤྲོད་དེ་སྡོད་ནུག། ལས་ཚན་དེ་མཁས་མཆོག་ཅིག་གི་འགོ་འདྲེན་ཐོགས་ སྡེ་ཚན་ ༥ ནང་བགོ་བཀྲམ་འབད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;
བྷུ་ཊན་ཊཡེམསི་&lt;/big&gt; (Bhutan Times) &lt;big&gt;གི་ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་གིས་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་ སྤེལ་བསྒྲགས་དང་ཚོང་བསྒྲགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་བྱིན་ནིའི་རིམ་ལུགས་སྤྲོད་དེ་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་གསར་ཤོག་དེ་གིས་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་དུ་ཡང་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་དང་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་གསལ་བསྒྲགས་དང་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་གཏང་ནིའི་ རྒྱུན་ལམ་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ད་རེས་ཀྱི་དུས་ལུ་ ན་གཞོན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ མི་སྡེ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གནས་ཚུལ་དང་ལཱ་གི་ས་སྟོང་གསལ་བསྒྲགས་ཚུ་གེ་ར་ དེ་ནང་ལས་འཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ག་ཅི་དེ་འཇམ་ཏོང་ཏོ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གསར་ཤོག་དེ་གིས་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་གི་དབྱེ་ཁག་གཉིས་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་ ཁྲིམས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ སྲིད་དོན་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ གཟུགས་ཁམས་དང་སེམས་ཁམས་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་  ཤེས་རིག་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ ན་གཞོན་དང་ཨམ་སྲུ་དེ་ལས་རྩེད་རིགས་ རང་སོའི་བསམ་འཆར་བཀོད་ནི་དང་ ཞུན་དག་པའི་འཆར་རྩོམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ དབྱེ་བ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་བསྡུ་སྒྲིག་འབད་དེ་ གསར་ཤོག་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབདཝ་མ་ཚད་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་དང་མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལས་ཡང་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་འཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གསར་ཤོག་དེ་འབྲུག་རྒྱབ་ནང་ལུ་ གཞུང་གི་དབང་བའི་གསར་ཤོག་ཀུན་གསལ་གྱི་ ཤུལ་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་མ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གསར་ཤོག་གཉིས་པ་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞག་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ སྒེར་གྱིས་དབང་བའི་གསར་ཤོག་དང་པ་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གསར་ཤོག་ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་གིས་ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༣༢ འབད་མི་གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་སྒྲིག་དེ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་མཆོག་ དྲི་བ་དྲིས་ལན་འབད་དེ་ པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་མ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་ གསར་ཤོག་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ནུག། འབྲུག་ལུ་གནས་ཚུལ་ལས་ཁང་ཚུ་ནང་ བཀག་ཆ་མེད་པར་རང་དབང་སྤྲོད་ནི་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་ནི་དང་ དམངས་གཙོའི་རིམ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་མི་སྡེ་བཟོ་ནིའི་ ལྟ་བ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཨིན། བྷུ་ཊན་ཊཡེམསི་&lt;/big&gt; (Bhutan Times) &lt;big&gt;དེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ བདུན་ཕྲག་གཅིག་ནང་ཚར་གཅིག་ལས་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་སྲོལ་མེད་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ ལུ་ བདུན་ཕྲག་ནང་ ཚར་གཉིས་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ རེས་གཟའ་ཕུརཔ་དང་ཟླཝ་ཨ་རྟག་ར་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་སྲོལ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
བྷུ་ཊན་ཊཡེམསི་&lt;/big&gt; (Bhutan Times) &lt;big&gt;ཚད་འཛིན་ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་ གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་པ་དང་ཞུན་དག་པ་ ན་གཞོན་སྡེ་ཚན་གཅིག་གིས་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་མིང་གཏམ་དང་ཤུགས་ཐོན་ཏེ་ དུས་ཚོད་གཅིག་ནང་ལས་གཡོགཔ་བསྡོམས་ ༩༨ དེ་ཅིག་ལེན་ཚུགས་ཡོད་རུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༩ ནང་ལུ་ ལས་གཡོགཔ་ ༡༠ རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མ་གཏོགས་མ་ལུས་པས། ད་རེས་འབྲུག་དུས་ཚོད་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལེན་མི་ མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་ ཕེས་བྷུག་ནང་མི་ངོ་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༦༤,༠༠༠ ཨིནས་ཊ་གཱརམ་ནང་ ༤,༠༥༡ ཊུའི་ཊར་ནང་ ༨,༡༢༧ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ད་རེས་ཀྱི་བར་དུ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་གནས་ཚུལ་མི་དམངས་ལུ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སྒེར་གྱི་དབང་བའི་ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་བཟུམ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ན་གཞོན་ལཱ་གཡོག་མེད་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ནི་དང་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་གོ་སྐབས་སྤྲོད་དེ་ ཉམས་མྱོང་དང་ཡོན་ཏན་ཚུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་འབྲུག་པའི་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ རང་གི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ལུ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་དོ་ག་དང་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་དཀའ་ངལ་ག་ཅི་ར་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ན་ཚུ་ ཁ་གསལ་གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་མི་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ གསར་ཤོག་ཚུ་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་དེ་ བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་ཚུགས་ནི་ལུ་ ལ་ཁག་ཡོད་རུང་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ཐོག་ རིམ་ལུགས་མ་འདྲཝ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བརྡ་སྤྲོད་མི་ཚུགས་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་མེདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཤོག་ཀུ་ཉུང་སུ་འཐོན་མི་དེ་གིས་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་ལུ་ གནོད་པ་ཡོད་རུང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་ཡང་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ཕན་པ་མཐོ་ཤོས་སྦེ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེང་སང་གི་དུས་ལུ་ མཁས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ཐོག་མཁོ་མངགས་འབད་བཏུབ་པའི་ རིམ་ལུགས་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་ཡང་ རིམ་ལུགས་དེ་ལག་ལེན་ཐོག་ མི་ཚུ་གནས་ཚུལ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ འཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Retrieved from: https://bhutantimes.bt/
# Retrieved from: https://m.facebook.com/bhutantimes1/
# Retrieved from: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan_Times</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བི་ཟི་ནིསི་བྷུ་ཊན།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2022-04-05T06:30:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གི་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ བི་ཟི་ནིསི་བྷུ་ཊན། &lt;/big&gt; (Business Bhutan) &lt;big&gt;ཟེར་མི་སྒེར་གྱི་དབང་བའི་གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་ རྫོང་ཁ་དང་ཨིང་སྐད་ཀྱི་ ཁ་སྐ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="16082" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གི་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ བི་ཟི་ནིསི་བྷུ་ཊན། &lt;/big&gt; (Business Bhutan) &lt;big&gt;ཟེར་མི་སྒེར་གྱི་དབང་བའི་གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་ རྫོང་ཁ་དང་ཨིང་སྐད་ཀྱི་ ཁ་སྐད་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ཐོག་ལུ་ གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་འབད་དེ་ དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་མི་ལས་སྡེ་ཅིག་ཨིན། གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་རུང་ དཔེ་སྐྲུན་དངོས་སུ་འབད་ནི་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་དེ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༦ ལུ་ རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བི་ཟི་ནིསི་བྷུ་ཊན་&lt;/big&gt;  (Business Bhutan) &lt;big&gt;དེ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ དངུལ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་འབད་མི་ གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་འབད་ནི་ རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་མི་གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་ འགོ་ཐོག་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་མི་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ ངོས་འཛིན་ཡང་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
གསར་ཤོག་དེ་གིས་ མང་ཤོས་ར་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་ དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་ དེ་ལས་སྲིད་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཞུན་དག་པ་ཚུ་གིས་བསྡུ་ལེན་འབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པའི་ས་ཁ་ལས་ཕར་ དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་དེ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་གཞན་དོན་ཚན་ གསོ་བ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ དེང་སང་གི་འཕྲུལ་ཆས་དང་རྩེད་རིག་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་དང་ མི་རང་སོའི་བསམ་འཆར་བཀོད་ནིའི་རྒྱུན་ལམ་དང་ གཞན་ཡང་ཞུན་དག་པའི་འཆར་རྩོམ་ཚུ་སྦེ་ ལེ་ཤ་ར་བྲིས་ཏེ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབདཝ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
བི་ཟི་ནིསི་བྷུ་ཊན་&lt;/big&gt;  (Business Bhutan) &lt;big&gt;གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ ཤོག་ཀུའི་ཐོག་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཉི་ཤུ་གེ་རའི་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་དང་མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ རིམ་ལུགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ཡང་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་བྲིས་ཏེ་བཙུགས་ནི་དེ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་དང་གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞན་ཡང་ཞབས་ཏོག་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་འཐོབ་སའི་ ལས་སྡེ་ ག་ཅི་དེ་སྟབས་བདེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
གསར་ཤོག་དེ་གིས་གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་གྱི་ རིམ་ལུགས་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ གཞན་ཡང་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་དང་ སྤེལ་བསྒྲགས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལེ་ཤ་བྱིན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཕན་ཚུན་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ལུ་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ཕན་ཐོག་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ལུ་འགྱུར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་དེ་ནང་ལུ་ ལཱ་འབད་མི་ལས་གཡོགཔ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་པའི་ན་གཞོན་དང་དམིགས་བསལ་དུ་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ལཱ་གཡོག་གི་ གོ་སྐབས་འཐོབ་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ ཕན་ཐོག་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་དེ་ནང་ ཞུན་དག་འབད་མི་ ཚོང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་མི་ བདག་སྐྱོང་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལཱ་འབད་མི་དང་ གཞན་ཡང་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ལས་ཁུངས་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ ལཱ་འབད་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
བི་ཟི་ནིསི་བྷུ་ཊན་&lt;/big&gt; (Business Bhutan) &lt;big&gt;འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འགོ་ཐོག་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་ གསར་ཤོག་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་གཞན་ལས་སྡེ་གི་ གསར་ཤོག་ཚུ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་ མིང་གཏམ་དང་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་ གསར་ཤོག་ཅིག་ཨིན། འབྲུག་ལུ་སྒེར་གྱི་གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་ མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་སྒོ་བསྡམས་དགོཔ་ཐོན་ཡོད་རུང་ བི་ཟི་ནིསི་བྷུ་ཊན་&lt;/big&gt; (Business Bhutan) &lt;big&gt;གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ ད་རེས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ཡང་ རྒྱུན་མ་ཆད་པར་ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྲོད་དེ་ར་འདུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
&lt;big&gt;གསར་ཤོག་དེ་གིས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ རྒེད་འོག་ ༢༠༥ གེ་རའི་ནང་ ཁྱབ་སྦེ་ ཞུན་དག་པ་ཚུ་བཏང་སྟེ་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་བསྡུ་ལེན་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ཡང་ དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ཡང་ དབྱེ་ཁག་མ་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གནས་ཚུལ་ཟེར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཟེར་འཛམ་གླིང་གི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཁག་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཚུ་ བསྡུ་ལེན་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ཡང་ལྷག་པའི་ གནས་ཚུལ་གསརཔ་ ཉིན་བསྟར་གནས་ཚུལ་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་དུས་འགྱུར་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ ད་རེས་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ནང་འབད་རུང་ གསར་ཤོག་ཉོ་བར་འགྱོ་མ་དགོ་པར་ འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་དང་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་རིམ་ལུགས་ཐོག་ ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྱོད་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ཐོག་རྒྱུན་མངག་འབད་ནིའི་ རིམ་ལུགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་སྤྲོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་གིས་ ཡིག་ཚང་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་དེ་ནང་ལུ་ གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་པ་དང་ཞུན་དག་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་ བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་ཚུགས་ནི་དེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡོངས་གྲགས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་ཡོད་པའི་ གསར་ཤོག་ཅིག་ཨིན། གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་དེ་གིས་ ད་རེས་མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཐོག་ ཕེས་བྷུག་ལག་ལེན་ཐོག་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལེན་མི་  མི་ངོ་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༣༢,༦༠༧ ཊུའི་ཊར་ནང་ ༡༣,༣༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་དང་ ཨིནསི་ཊ་གརམ་ནང་ ༣,༡༠༧ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ གནས་ཚུལ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཕན་ཐོག་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བཀའ་དྲིན་མཚུངས་མེད་དམ་པ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ བཀའ་དྲིན་ཁོ་ན་ལས་བརྟེན་ དགའ་བའི་དགའ་སྤྲོ་དང་སྐྱིད་པའི་གླུ་གར་འཁྲབ་ནིའི་ གོ་སྐབས་བཟང་པོ་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་གི་ལས་སྡེ་ཁག་དང་ལྷག་པར་དུ་ སྒེར་གྱི་ལས་སྡེ་སྣ་ཚོགས་སྦེ་ བཙུགས་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ སྒེར་གྱི་གསར་ཤོག་ལས་སྡེ་ བི་ཟི་ནིསི་བྷུ་ཊན་ དེ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚད་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ནང་ ག་ཅི་ར་འབྱུང་དོ་ག་དང་ གནས་སྟངས་ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ནང་ ལྷོད་དེ་ཡོད་ག་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཁ་གསལ་སྦེ་ཧ་གོ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དོན་ཚན་དབྱེ་ཁག་ག་བཟུམ་འབད་རུང་ རང་སོའི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ལུ་ བྱུང་མི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ དུས་ཡུན་ཐུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་གི་ནང་ལུ་ ཁ་གསལ་གསར་ཤོག་དང་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ རིམ་ལུགས་ཐོག་ལུ་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ལེན་ཆོག་ཆོག་བཟོ་སྟེ་འདུག། དེང་སང་གི་དུས་ལུ་ རིམ་ལུགས་དེ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མི་ཚུ་ག་ཅི་དེ་ སྟབས་བདེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;
གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ འབྲུག་ལུ་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ཡང་ དུས་ཡུན་ཐུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ནང་འཐོབ་ཚུགས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་ལུ་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ གསར་ཤོག་བསྡུ་ལེན་འབད་མི་ བི་ཟི་ནིསི་བྷུ་ཊན་གསར་ཤོག་གཅིག་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ཨིན། ན་གཞོན་ལུ་ལཱ་གཡོག་བྱིན་ནིའི་ གོ་སྐབས་དང་ལྷག་པར་དུ་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་འགྱོ་མི་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ལས་འགུལ་ལ་སོགས་པ་བྲི་རུང་ རྒྱབ་རྟེན་ཐོ་དང་ལུང་འདྲེན་ ལ་སོགས་པ་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ ཕན་ཐོགས་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་ལས་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལེན་ནིའི་ དང་འདོད་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་དང་གསལ་བསྒྲགས་ དེ་ལས་ཚོང་བསྒྲགས་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ༠༢-༣༣༩༩༠༤&amp; ༠༢-༣༣༩༩༠༦ ཡང་ན་འགྲུལ་ཕྲུན་ཨང་ ༡༧༩༩༤༤༤༧ ལུ་ འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་ནི་དང་ ཞུན་དག་པའི་འཆར་རྩོམ་བྲི་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ༡༧༥༨༩༨༣༣ དང་གཅིག་ཁར་འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་ནི་དང་ གཞན་གནས་ཚུལ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ༡༧༩༦༨༨༠༢ དང་འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོད་པའི་གུར་ དུས་ཚོད་ད་རེས་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ནང་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་དང་འཕྲུལ་ཆས་ཀྱིས་ དབང་བའི་དུས་ལུ་ མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དང་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་ཚུགས་པའི་ དུས་ལུ་ལྷོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Retrieved from: https://businessbhutan.bt/
# Retrieved from: https://m.facebook.com/businessbhutan2009/
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    <title>སེན་ཀྲི་ནའེལ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་།</title>
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      <text bytes="17117" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ཡར་རྒྱས་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ གཞི་འགྱམ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མ་བཙུགས་པའི་ སྔོན་གོང་ལུ་སའི་ཆགས་ཡུལ་དེ་ར་ མ་འདྲཝ་དང་ས་ཆ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ག་ནི་བ་གནག་དུང་དུ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་སྔོད་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོང་མ་ཚུ་བྱོན་ མི་གཅིག་བ་གཅིག་མཁསཔ་ཐོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ རིམ་གྱིས་སབེ་་འཁོར་ལམ་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་གྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་དང་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལྷག་པར་དུ་རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་རིམ་ལུགས་ཚུ་གེ་ར་ལྷོད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; Lily Wangchuk (2017) &lt;big&gt;ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༧༢ ནང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག་ལུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་ཚུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་ཐོན་ཚར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་འགྱོ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ རིམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་ སེན་ཀྲི་ནའེལ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༡ ལུ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ༌ མི༌དབང༌འབྲུག༌རྒྱལ༌ལྔ༌པ༌མཆོག༌གི༌ འཁྲུངས༌སྐར༌དུས༌ཆེན༌དང༌འབྲེལ༌ འགོ༌བཙུགས༌ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དེའི་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོའི་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་འདི་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ དེ་སྦེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་དགོ་མི་དེ་ཡང་ སྨན་ལྗོངས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ སྤྱ་ནོར་དམ་པ་ དྲིན་ཅན་གྱི་ཕམ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་ སྐྱབས་གནས་དམ་པ་ མི་སེར་གྱི་རྒྱལཔོ་མཆོག་ལུ་ འཁྲུངས་སྐར་གྱི་ཉིནམ་ལུ་ བཀྲིས་ལེགས་སྨོན་ཞུ་ནི་དང་ ཧིང་གི་གདིང་ལས་བཀའ་དྲིན་དགའ་ཚོར་དང་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ འབྲུག་མི་གེ་ར་གི་དོན་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ རྒྱུན་ལམ་ཅིག་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་སྦེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་མི་འདི་གིས་ སྐབས་འབབ་ཀྱི་དུས་ལུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་མ་འོངས་པའི་ནང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བཞུགས་མི་ འབྲུག་མི་ཆེ་འབྲིང་ཆུང་གསུམ་ཡོངས་ལུ་ ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་ཡུལ་ཅིག་ལུ་འགྱུར་བཅུག་ནི་དང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་རྒྱུ་ནོར་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་མི་རློབས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མི་ འབྲུག་པའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་ ལཱ་གཡོག་གི་གོ་སྐབས་སྤྲོད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ མི་དམངས་ལུ་མ་རིག་མུན་པ་བསལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཡང་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ཕན་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་ཐོགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
འཕྲུལ་ཁང་འགོ་བཅུགས་པའི་ ལོ༌དེ༌ནང༌ལུ༌ར༌ སྤྱི༌ཟླ༌ ༣ པའི༌ བདུན༌ཕྲག༌དང༌པ༌ནང༌ལས༌འགོ༌བཟུང་སྟེ་ ལས༌རིམ༌ཚུ༌རྒྱང༌བསྒྲགས༌འབད༌ནི༌ཡང་འགོ༌བཙུགས༌ཏེ༌ རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ནང༌རྒྱང༌བསྒྲགས༌འཕྲུལ༌ཁང༌བཞི༌པ༌སྦེ༌ ངོས་འཛིན༌བྱུང༌ནུག། རྒྱང༌བསྒྲགས༌འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དེ༌ནང༌ལས༌ ལས༌རིམ༌ཚུ༌ཡང༌ མང༌ཤོས༌ར༌ ཐུགས༌སྤྲོའི༌ལས༌རིམ༌ཚུ༌དང༌ དེ་གིས་མ་དོ་བའི་ལས་རིམ༌ཚུ་ཡང་ ངག༌རྒྱུན༌ལས༌དར༌འོང༌སྟེ་ཡོད༌པའི༌ སྔར༌སྲོལ༌ལམ༌ལུགས༌ སྤྲོ་བ་ཅན་གྱི་སྲུང༌དང༌གཏམ༌རྒྱུད༌ སྙན༌གྲགས༌ཅན༌གྱི༌ ནང༌འཁོད༌ཀྱི་གཏམ༌རྒྱུད༌ ཞབས༌ཁྲའི་ལས་རིམ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ༌དང༌ གཞན༌དང༌གཞན༌ཡང༌ལེ༌ཤ༌ར༌ ཐུགས༌སྤྲོའི༌ལས༌རིམ༌སྣ༌ཚོགས༌སྦེ༌ རྒྱང༌བསྒྲགས༌འབད་སྲོལ༌འདུག། ལས་རིམ་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་ སྤྲོ་བ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བཟོ་རུང་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མ་གཏོགས་ གཞན་མི་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ལས་བཞུགས་མི་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ཞབས་ཏོག་དེ་ཞུ་ནིའི་ གོ་སྐབས་ཐོབ་མ་ཚུགས་པས། དེ་སྦེ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་མི་དེ་ཡང་ འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དེ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ལས་མེད་པའི་ཁར་ ཁོང་རའི་དམིགས་གཏད་ར་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་ནིའི་ དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ འབྲུག་ལུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་མི་ཡང་ མར་ཉམས་འགྱོ་བའི་དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་ལྷོད་དེ་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དེ་ནང་ལས་ ཉིན་བསྟར་བཞིན་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཡང་ དྲོ་པ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༩.༣༠ ལས་ ཕྱི་རུ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༨ ཚུན་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཡང་དྲོ་པ་ སྙན་པའི་གླུ་དབྱངས་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་  སྤྲོ་བ་ཡོད་མི་དང་ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ལས་རིམ་སྙན་གསན་མི་དང་འདོད་ཅན་གྱི་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་ངོ་ཚུ་ལུ་ བརྒྱུད་འཕྲིན་ཐོགས་ གླུ་གཞས་གདམ་ཁ་རྐྱབ་ནི་དང་ འཐེན་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལས་རིམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། བློ་ཟེ་དང་རྩང་མོའི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ འབྲུག་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་ཐབས་ལུ་ ལས་རིམ་དེ་དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཧ་གོ་ནི་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མིཝ་ཟིག་ཕིཝ་ཞཱན་ཟེར་ ཞབས་ཁྲ་སྣ་ཚོགས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་དེ་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཉན་ནི་ལུ་ སྤྲོ་བ་བསྐྱེད་བཅུག་ནི་དང་ ཨིང་སྐད་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ཀྲོ་ཀིང་ཀྲུ་མཡེ་བེསཌ་ཕེརེནཌ་ཟེར་ རང་སོའི་ཆ་རོགས་ཚུ་ལུ་ཁ་འཐེན་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ ཁ་སྐད་་གདམ་ཁའི་རང་དབང་སྤྲོད་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ ལས་རིམ་དེ་ཨིང་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཁ་སྐད་ཐོག་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་སྲོལ་འདུག། &lt;br&gt;
ས་རིམ་བྱ་རིམ་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུའི་བར་ན་ གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ངོ་ཤེསཔ་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ མི་སྡེ་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ རྫོང་ཁ་་ནང་ལུ་སྦེ་བརྒྱུད་འཕྲིན་ཁ་འཐེན་གྱི་ ལས་རིམ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དེ་ནང་ལས་ ལས་རིམ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་ནི་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་ ཞབས་ཏོག་གཞན་དེང་སང་གི་དུས་ལུ་ ག་ནི་བ་འཇམ་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་ ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལེན་ཚུགས་ཐབས་ལུ་ གློག་རིག་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ལག་ལེན་ཐོག་ལས་ ཡང་ན་འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་ཐོག་ལས་ཡང་གསན་ཚུགས། དེ་མ་ཚད་པའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ ལས་རིམ་སྣ་ཚོགས་མི་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་དང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་ས་ཆ་ དེ་ལས་འོས་འབབ་ལྡན་པའི་ནང་འཁོད་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ ལས་རིམ་སྒྲ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དེ་གིས་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོའི་ནང་ལས་ འཇམ་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་ཕབ་ལེན་འབད་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་གིས་མ་དོ་བའི་གཞན་དང་གཞན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ སྐབས་འབབ་ཀྱི་ལས་དོན་དང་ལས་འབྲེལ་ཚུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་དང་གློག་རིག་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཚུ་གེ་ར་ ནང་ལས་འཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དེ་ནང་ལས་ གཞན་མི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་དང་ གཞན་མི་དམངས་གསལ་བསྒྲགས་ དེ་ལས་སྤེལ་བསྒྲགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ གསལ་སྟོན་འབད་དེ་འབྲུག་པའི་མི་ཚུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཉན་ཏེ་ རང་སོའི་དུས་ཚོད་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཕན་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ བྱུང་སྟེ་འདུག། རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མ་གཏོགས་ གཞན་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་ནང་ལྷོད་མ་ཚུགས་རུང་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་ གློག་རིག་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་དང་ མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཚུ་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཉི་ཤུ་གེ་རའི་ནང་ བྲི་ལྷག་ཤེས་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ མཐུན་རྐྱེན་དེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སེན་ཀྲི་ནའེལ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་ཐོག་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཉན་ནི་དང་འདོད་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ མེ་ག་ཧཊས་ ༡༠༡ ཐོག་གསན་ཚུགས་ནི་དང་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་དང་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་ཨང་ ༧༧༧༤༧༠༧༤ ནང་འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དེ་གི་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་དང་ གཞན་དེང་སང་གི་ རྒྱུན་ལམ་མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ ཊུའི་ཊར་དང་ ཕེས་བྷུག་གི་ངོ་ཤོག་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ནང་འབྱོན་པ་ཅིན་ ཁ་གསལ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ཧ་གོ་ཚུགས། དང་ཕུ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རླུང་འཕྲིན་སྙན་སྒྲོམ་ཚུ་འབག་སྟེ་འགྱོ་དགོཔ་མེད་པར་ ག་ཅི་དེ་སྟབས་བདེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ གློག་རིག་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ལག་ལེན་ཐོག་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་གི་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་ནང་ལས་ཡང་ དངོས་མཐོང་སྦེ་ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྱོད་ཚུགས་ནི་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་ག་བཟུམ་ཡོད་རུང་ ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྱོད་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན། ཧེ་མ་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་སྐབས་སུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་འདི་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སོང་ཡོད་རུང་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་རྒྱུན་ལམ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་སྦེ་ ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་གོ་བ་སྤྲོད་ཚུགས་ནི་ལུ་ ལ་ཁག་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Retrieved from: http://www.centennialradio.com
# Retrieved from: http://www.listenonlineradio.com/bhutan/centennial-radio-101-fm</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ཡིག་སྦྱོར་གྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་ མ་རིག་མུན་པ་གསལ་བའི་ཁར་ འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་གཅིག་གི་མི་ཚུའི་བར་ན་ གོ་བ་སྤེལ་ནི་དང་བརྡ་དོན་སྤྲོད་ལེན་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་ཡོད་མི་ ཀུན་གསལ་འདི་དཔལ་ལ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="18307" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཡིག་སྦྱོར་གྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་ མ་རིག་མུན་པ་གསལ་བའི་ཁར་ འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་གཅིག་གི་མི་ཚུའི་བར་ན་ གོ་བ་སྤེལ་ནི་དང་བརྡ་དོན་སྤྲོད་ལེན་འབད་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་ཡོད་མི་ ཀུན་གསལ་འདི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་མང་ཤོས་ར་ རང་སོའི་མཐའ་འཁོར་གྱི་སྐོར་ལས་གསལ་ཏོག་ཏོག་བཟོ་མི་ འབྲུག་ལུ་གསར་ཤོག་རྙིང་ཤོས་ཅིག་དང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་གསར་ཤོག་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ར་གསར་ཤོག་གཅིག་ར་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Lily Wangchuk, 2017, p72). &lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ལུ་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ཚུན་ གསར་ཤོག་ཡོད་རུང་མེད་རུང་ ཀུན་གསལ་གཅིག་ལས་ལྷག་གཞན་མ་སྡོད་པས། འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༥༡ རང་དབང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གཞན་ལྷག་ལུས་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༤༩ དེ་ མི་མང་གི་དབང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཡོད་པའི་ གསར་ཤོག་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་གི་སླ་ལས་ ཀུན་གསལ་འདི་ རྫོང་ཁ་དང་ཨིང་སྐད་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ནང་ རེས་གཟའ་མིག་དམར་ལས་ཉི་མ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ འབྲི་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པའི་གཞུང་གི་དབང་བའི་ལས་འཛིན་ཅིག་ཨིན། བདུན་ཕྲག་གཅིག་ནང་ དཔྱ་སྙོམས་ལུ་ ལྷག་མི་བསྡོམས་  ༡,༣༠,༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཀུན་གསལ་འདྲ་ ༡༥༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་དེ་ ཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་མི་ཚུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཉི་ཤུ་གེ་རའི་ཡིག་ཚང་དང་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཚུ་ནང་ དེ་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ཚོང་སྒྱུར་ངོ་ཚབ་ཚུ་ལས་འཐོབ་ཚུགས། &lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ འཕྲུལ་ཆས་མ་འདྲཝ་དང་ མི་རིག་པ་ཅན་ལེ་ཤ་འཐོན་མི་དང་འབྲེལ་ ཀུན་གསལ་འདི་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༧ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་སྙན་ཞུ་འབད་མིའི་གསར་ཤོག་ཅིག་སྦེ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Karma Phuntsho, 2013, p594) &lt;big&gt;དེ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༤ ནང་ པར་འཕྲུལ་གྱི་འཕྲུལ་ཆས་གཅིག་ཡང་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལས་ ནང་འདྲེན་འབད་དེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ཡུན་མ་རིངམ་ཅིག་གི་རྒྱབ་ལས་ ཇ་པཱན་གཞུང་གི་འཕྲུལ་རིགཔ་ཚུ་གིས་ རྫོང་ཁ་ཡིག་སྒྲོམ་བཟོ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་རྫོང་ཁ་ནང་ཡང་ སྙན་ཞུ་འབད་ནིའི་རིམ་ལུགས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ནང་ བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འོག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ བརྡ་དོན་ལས་ཁུངས་ཀྱི་ བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་དེ་གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ བདུན་ཕྲག་གཅིག་ནང་ཚར་གཅིག་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གསར་ཤོག་གཅིག་སྦེ་ པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ས་གནས་ཡུ་ཨེས་ཨེ་ལུ་ཆགས་ཡོད་པའི་ ཀོ་ལོམ་བེ་ཡ་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལས་ བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཆོས་ཚན་ནང་ གཙུག་ལག་ཤེས་ཚད་ལྡན་མི་ ཀུན་ལེགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ཀུན་གསལ་ལས་འཛིན་གྱི་ ཞུན་དག་པ་སྦེ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ལས་ ༢༠༠༦ ཚུན་ ཞུན་དག་པ་གཙོ་འཛིན་དང་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་མདོ་ཆེན་གྱི་ འགན་ཁུར་འབག་སྟེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༨ ནང་ ཀུན་གསལ་གྱིས་ རྫོང་ཁ་ ཨིང་སྐད་དང་ལྷོ་མཚམས་ཁ་སྐད་ནང་སྦེ་ བདུན་ཕྲག་གཅིག་ནང་འདྲ་ ༡༢,༥༠༠་ དེ་ཅིག་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༢ ནང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ཁྱད་རིག་ཅན་གྱི་སྒོལས་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཀུན་གསལ་དེ་གཞུང་གི་དབང་བའི་ལས་སྡེ་ལས་ རང་སྐྱོང་ལས་འཛིན་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༨ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ གཞུང་ལས་ལྷན་ཐབས་མ་དངུལ་ གནང་ནི་དེ་ཡང་མཚམས་འཇོག་འབད་ནུག། ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ལུ་ལྷན་ཐབས་མ་དངུལ་འདི་ ཚོང་སྒྱུར་གྱི་དོན་ལས་པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་མི་དང་ ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལས་བཟོཝ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༩༦ ནང་རྫོང་ཁ་ཀུན་གསལ་གསར་ཤོག་ནང་ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༢ ཡོད་ས་ལས་ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༦ དང་ཨིང་སྐད་གསར་ཤོག་ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༢ ལས་ ༢༠ ལུ་ཡར་སེང་འབད་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༥ ལུ་ ཀུན་གསལ་གྱི་ བདུན་ཕྲག་གཅིག་ནང་ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༡༢ སྦེ་ རེས་གཟའ་ཕུརཔ་དང་ཉིམ་གཉིས་ ཚར་གཉིས་པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་ རེས་གཟའ་ཕུརཔ་ལུ་པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་མི་གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ ཤོགས་གྲངས་ ༡༤ ལུ་ཡར་སེང་འབད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རེས་གཟའ་ཉི་མའི་གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ ཤོག་གྲངས་་༡༨ ལུ་ཡར་སེང་འབད་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ ནང་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འགོ་དང་པ་ལྷོདཔ་ད་འབྲེལ་ ཀུན་གསལ་གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ཡང་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ཐོག་རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་འབད་དེ་ ཀུན་གསལ་ཨོན་ལཱན་ཟེར་མིང་བཏགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་མིང་གཏམ་འཐོན་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ཐོག་གྲོས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ མིང་གཏམ་འཐོན་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༤ པའི་ སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༨ ལུ་ ཀུན་གསལ་ཨོན་ལཱན་དེ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ཐོག་ པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་བའི་གསར་ཤོག་འགོ་ཐོག་ཨིན། ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་དང་ པར་སྐྲུན་རིམ་ལུགས་འགོ་ཐོག་གསར་བཟོ་འབད་མི་ ནིལ་ཧར་དྲི་གཱན་ ཐཡེ་ལེནྡ་གཞུང་གི་ ཨིང་སྐད་གསར་ཤོག་ད་ནེ་ཤཱན་ཟེར་མི་གི་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་པ་སྦེ་སྡོད་མི་ གཅིག་གིས་བཟོ་ནུག། ཁོ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༡ ལུ་འབྲུག་ལུ་འོངས་ཏེ་ ཀུན་གསལ་གྱི་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་པ་གསརཔ་ བཙན་སྐྱོགས་ཚེ་རིང་དང་ ནང་དོན་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནིའི་ལམ་ལུགས་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ འབྲེལ་མཐུན་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལཱ་གཅིག་ཁར་འབད་ནུག། ནང་དོན་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ལམ་ལུགས་དེ་གིས་ གནས་ཚུལ་སྙན་ཞུ་འབད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ཐོག་གནས་ཚུལ་བྱིན་ནི་དང་པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ ཕན་ཐོག་སྦོམ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ཐོག་ཀུན་གསལ་ཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཉིན་བསྟར་བཞིན་ མི་ངོ་ ༣༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་གིས་བལྟ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་འཐུས་མི་ ༡༥༠༠༠ ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་སྡོད་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
ཀུན་གསལ་ལས་འཛིན་གྱི་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོའི་ནང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ཡང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་དང་བཀྲིས་སྒང་བཀང་ལུང་ལུ་སྦེ་ དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཉི་ཤུ་ཆ་མཉམ་ནང་ དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་བའི་ཉིནམ་དེ་ནང་ར་ འཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཀུན་གསལ་ལས་འཛིན་ནང་ ཞུན་དག་པ་གཙོ་བོ་གི་འགོ་འཛིན་ཐོག་ རྫོང་ཁའི་ཁ་སྐད་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ཞུན་དག་འབད་མི་གཅིག་དང་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཞུན་དག་པ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ཞུན་དག་པ་ གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་པ་གཙོ་འཛིན་དང་ གནས་ཚུལ་སྙན་ཞུ་འབད་མིའི་ཡིག་ཚང་ བཀྲིས་སྒང་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་ གཞལ་སྒང་དང་ བུམ་ཐང་ དེ་ལས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་གནས་ཚུལ་སྙན་ཞུ་འབད་མི་ཚུ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ནང་ཀུན་གསལ་ལས་འཛིན་གྱི་ བགོ་བཤའ་ ༢༤༥༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ དངུལ་ཀྲམ་ ༡༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ བཙོང་ལོག་རྐྱབ་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཐོབ་ནུག། དེ་གིས་སྦེ་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༤༩ དེ་ མི་སེར་ལུ་བཙོང་ཡོདཔ་བཞིན་ ལྷག་ལུས་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༥༡ དེ་གཞུང་གི་དབང་འཛིན་ཐོག་བཞག་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ལྔ་པའི་ནང་ ཀུན་གསལ་ལས་འཛིན་གྱི་ བགོ་བཤའ་འཆང་མི་ཚུ་དང་ འགོ་ཐོག་ལོ་བསྟར་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་ཞལ་འཛོམས་འཚོགས་ནུག། བགོ་བཤའ་འཆང་མི་ལས་ འཐུས་མི་གཉིས་དེ་ འཐུས་མི་ལྔ་འབད་མི་ བཀོད་ཚོགས་མདོ་ཆེན་བཙག་འཐུ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ གཞན་འཐུས་མི་གསུམ་འདི་གཞུང་གིས་ བཙག་འཐུ་འབདཝ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཀུན་གསལ་གསར་ཤོག་ཐོག་ གནས་ཚུལ་དབྱེ་བ་མ་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་བསྡུ་ལེན་འབདཝ་མ་ཚད་ མི་ཚུ་ལུ་རང་རྐྱང་གི་བསམ་འཆར་ཚུ་བྲི་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཡང་བྱིན་དོ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་ནང་འཁོད་དང་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་དོ་ག་ གནས་ཚུལ་གསལ་བཤད་དེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ རང་གི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ལུ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབདཝ་ཨིན་ན་ ཤེས་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོཝ་མ་ཚད་ རང་རྐྱང་གི་བསམ་འཆར་བྲི་བཅུག་མི་ལུ་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ཉེ་རིང་མེད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་རྟགས་སྟོན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ཚོང་བསྒྲགས་དང་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་སོགས་བྱིན་ཏེ་ ཕན་ཚུན་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
ཀུན་གསལ་གསར་ཤོག་ལས་བརྟེན་མི་སྟོང་ཕྲག་ལས་ལྷག་སྟེ་ ཕན་པ་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ད་རེས་ཀྱི་དུས་ལུ་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་ ཆ་བཞག་ཚུགས་པའི་ཁར་ བློ་གཏད་ཅན་གྱི་བརྡ་རྒྱུད་ཅིག་ཨིན། གསར་ཤོག་དེ་གི་གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་འབད་བའི་སྐབས་ མཉམ་ཆུང་དང་ཕྱུགཔོ་གི་བར་ན་ ཉེ་རིང་མེད་པར་ག་ཅི་དེ་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་དང་གསལ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་དྲང་བདེན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ བསྡུ་སྒྲིག་འབད་དེ་གོ་བ་སྤེལཝ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་མ་འགྱོ་བའི་སྔ་གོང་ལུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དང་ གསར་ཤོག་ཚུ་གིས་ རང་སོའི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ལུ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབདཝ་ཨིན་ན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚད་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་ལུ་ལྷོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ན་ འབད་བཏུབ་དང་མ་བཏུབ་ག་ར་བཤད་དེ་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སོང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Phuntsho, K. (2013). History of Bhutan. Random House Publishers India Private Limited.
# Wangchuk, L. (2017). Facts about Bhutan the Land of Thunder Dragon, KMT Publishers.
# Retrieved from: http://kuenselonline.com/category/news/
# Retrieved from: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/kuensel</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;གསར་ཤོག་དེ་གིས་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ ད་བུཊ་ནིསི&lt;/big&gt; (The Bhutanese) &lt;big&gt;འདི་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ཞིབ་དཔྱད་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་པ་ བསྟན་འཛིན་ལམ་བཟང་ཀྱི...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="13621" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;གསར་ཤོག་དེ་གིས་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ ད་བུཊ་ནིསི&lt;/big&gt; (The Bhutanese) &lt;big&gt;འདི་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ཞིབ་དཔྱད་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་པ་ བསྟན་འཛིན་ལམ་བཟང་ཀྱིས་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོད་པའི་སྒེར་གྱི་གསར་ཤོག་ཅིག་ཨིན། གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༡ ལུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་ མི་སེར་གྱི་རྒྱལཔོ་མཆོག་གི་འཁྲུངས་སྐར་དུས་སྟོན་དང་འབྲེལ་ཏེ་ མི་དབང་མཆོག་ལུ་བཀའ་དྲིན་བསམ་ནི་དང་ ཧིང་གི་་གདིང་ལས་བཀྲི་ཤིས་ལེགས་སྨོན་ཕུལ་བའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གསར་ཤོག་འདི་གིས་ འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་སྐབས་བདུན་རིམ་བཞིན་དུ་ རེས་གཟའ་ཕུརཔ་དང་ཉིམ་ལུ་ པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་དེ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་སྲོལ་ཡོད་རུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ བདུན་ཕྲག་གཅིག་ནང་ ཚར་གཅིག་པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ ཨ་རྟག་ར་རེས་གཟའ་ཉིམ་པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
གསར་ཤོག་འདི་གིས་ ཨིང་སྐད་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་མ་སྟོན་པར་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་སྐད་ཡིག་རྫོང་ཁ་ཡང་ འདྲ་མཉམ་སྦེ་ གལ་ཅན་ཨིན་པའི་རྟགས་སྟོན་ཏེ་ གསར་ཤོག་དེ་རྫོང་ཁ་དང་ཨིང་སྐད་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ནང་བྲིས་ཏེ་ པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གསར་ཤོག་འདི་གིས་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་ཉིན་བསྟར་གྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་ དམངས་གཙོའི་གཞུང་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ ཁྲོམ་སྡེ་ཚུ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ ཞུན་དག་པའི་འཆར་རྩོམ་ མི་རང་སོའི་འཆར་སྣང་གི་རྩོམ་  རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཚོང་བསྒྲགས་དང་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཤོག་ཀུ་དང་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་་ཐོག་ལུ་པར་སྐྲུན་དང་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མི་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཞབས་ཏོག་མ་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་བྱིན་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གསར་ཤོག་འདི་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་གིས་ མི་སྡེ་ལུ་གནས་ཚུལ་ག་དེ་མགྱོགས་མགྱོགས་སྦེ་་བྱིན་ནི་ལུ་ གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ མི་སྡེ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་དམིགས་པ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ལཱ་འབདཝ་ཨིན་མས། ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་གིས་ ཤོག་ཀུ་གི་ཐོག་ལུ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་དང་ མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ ཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ད་རེས་ནང་པའི་དུས་སྐབས་ལུ་ མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ནང་ གཞུང་གིས་དབང་བའི་གསར་ཤོག་ ཀུན་གསལ་གྱི་འོག་ལས་ར་ ད་བུཊ་ནིསི་འདི་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཐོན་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་སྦེ་ཡོངས་གྲགས་འགྱོ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ཡང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་རྫོང་ཁག་ཉི་ཤུ་ ག་རའི་སྐོར་ལས་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་ བྱིན་ནི་དེ་གིས་དང་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ག་ཅི་དཀའ་ངལ་འཐོནམ་ཅིག་ ཡུན་མ་རིང་པར་མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ ཕེསི་བྷུག་ ཊུའི་ཊར་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ནང་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དུས་ཚོད་ད་རེས་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ནང་འབད་རུང་ གསར་ཤོག་ཉོ་བར་འགྱོ་མ་དགོ་པར་ འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་དང་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་རིམ་ལུགས་ཐོག་ལས་ ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྱོད་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གསར་ཤོག་འདི་གིས་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་གི་དབྱེ་ཁག་གཉིས་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ཚོང་དང་ཁྲིམས་་འབྲེལ་གྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་ སྲིད་དོན་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ གཟུགས་ཁམས་དང་སེམས་ཁམས་འབྲེལ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་  ཤེས་རིག་དང་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ ན་གཞོན་དང་ཨམ་སྲུ་ དེ་ལས་རྩེད་རིགས་དང་ རང་སོའི་བསམ་འཆར་བཀོད་ནི། ཞུན་དག་པའི་འཆར་རྩོམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་དབྱེ་བ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་བསྡུ་སྒྲིག་འབད་དེ་ གསར་ཤོག་ནང་པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་དེ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབདཝ་མ་ཚད་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་དང་མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ཡང་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབདཝ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་ གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་པ་དང་ཞུན་དག་པ་ དེ་ལས་ ན་གཞོན་སྡེ་ཚན་གཅིག་གིས་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་དེ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་གསར་ཤོག་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ད་རེས་ད་བུཊ་ནིསི་གི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལེན་མི་ མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་ ཕེསི་བྷུག་ནང་མི་ངོ་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༡༤༩,༡༨༥ དང་ ཊུའི་ཊར་ནང་ ༣༧,༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་རྒྱལ་སྤྱའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ གནས་ཚུལ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཕན་ཐོག་སྟེ་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སྒེར་གྱི་དབང་བའི་ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་བཟུམ་ཅིག་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ན་གཞོན་ལཱ་གཡོག་མེད་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ནི་དང་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་གོ་སྐབས་སྤྲོད་དེ་ཉམས་མྱོང་དང་ཡོན་ཏན་ཚུ་ གོང་ཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ རང་གི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ལུ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་དོ་ག་དང་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་འགྱུར་བ་དང་དཀའ་ངལ་ག་ཅི་ར་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ན་ཚུ་ ཁ་གསལ་སྦེ་གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་མི་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ལས་ཁང་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བབསྟུན་ གསར་ཤོག་ཚུ་པར་སྐྲུན་དང་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་དེ་ བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་ཚུགས་ནི་ལུ་ ལཱ་ཁག་ཡོད་རུང་ད་རེས་ཀྱི་བར་ལུ་ཡང་ དཀའ་ངལ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ གསར་ཤོག་ཚུ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་བའི་བསྒང་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ཡང་ལྷག་སྟེ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ རིམ་ལུགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གནས་ཚུལ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་མི་ཚུགས་ནི་གི་ཉེན་ཁ་མེདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
གསར་ཤོག་འདི་ ་སྒེར་གྱི་དབང་བའི་ཡིག་ཚང་ཅིག་ཨིན་རུང་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་འཐོབ་ནི་འདི་གིས་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་འབད་རུང་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ག་དེ་དྲག་དྲག་འབད་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ ག་ཅི་དེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ སྒེར་གྱི་གསར་ཤོག་གཞན་ཚུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཚུགས་རུང་ ཡུན་བརྟན་སྦེ་གནས་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ སྒོ་བསྡམ་དགོཔ་ཡང་ཐོན་ཡོད་རུང་ ད་བུཊ་ནིསི་འདི་ དུས་དང་བསྟུན་པའི་རིམ་ལུགས་རྣམ་པ་སྣ་ཚོགས་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ དེ་ཁར་ལཱ་འབད་མི་གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ག་ཅི་དེ་རིག་པ་ཅན་དང་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་དྲང་པོའི་སྒོ་ལས་ ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ཙང་ཙ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Retrieved from: https://thebhutanese.bt/
# Retrieved from: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bhutanese</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ སྐུ་གཟུགས་ཨེཕེ་ཨེམ་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཆུ་བར་ཆུ་ལུ་ཆགས་ཡོད་མི་ ན་གཞོན་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་...&quot;</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17852" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ སྐུ་གཟུགས་ཨེཕེ་ཨེམ་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཆུ་བར་ཆུ་ལུ་ཆགས་ཡོད་མི་ ན་གཞོན་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཡིག་ཚང་གི་ལས་འགུལ་ཅིག་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་བའི་་ཤུལ་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༩ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༦ ལུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་ནིའི་འགོ་འབྱེད་འབད་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་ སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༡ ལུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་གི་ལས་རིམ་དེ་ རྫོང་ཁ་དང་ཨིང་སྐད་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ཐོག་ལས་ གཏང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡོད་མི་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཀྱི་གྲས་ཁར་ཚུད་པའི་ཁར་ དེ་ནང་ལས་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་མི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཉི་ཤུ་དང་ གཞན་ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཚོགས་པའི་འཐུས་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་གོ་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སྐུ་གཟུགས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱིས་ ཐ་དམ་ཚིག་ཅན་གྱི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ ག་ནི་བ་སྤྲོ་བ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་དང་ སྤུས་ཚད་ལྡན་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བཞག་ཚུགས་པའི་ཁར་ རྣ་བར་ཧན་པའི་དབྱངས་དང་ སེམས་དགའ་བའི་སྨན་གྱི་བདུད་རྩི་བཟུམ་མའི་ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་གི་སྒོ་ལས་ ལྷ་མོ་དབྱངས་ཅན་མའི་མཆོད་པ་ཕུལཝ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ མ་རིག་མུན་པ་བསལ་བའི་ཤེས་རིག་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་དང་ སྐབས་སུ་བབས་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ ལས་རིམ་སྣ་ཚོགས་བཟོ་སྟེ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་ཐོག་ལས་ ཡོན་ཏན་བྱིན་ནི་དེ་ཨིན། ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་གི་དམིགས་ཡུལ་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ འབྲུག་པའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དྲག་ཤོས་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་དེ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཡིག་ཚང་དེ་གི་དམིགས་གཏད་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གིས་ རང་སོའི་བསམ་འཆར་ཚུ་ མི་མང་ལུ་བཤད་བཅུག་ནི་དེ་  དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་གཙོ་རིམ་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་དེ་ནང་ལས་ ལས་རིམ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ མི་དམངས་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་ལས་རིམ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ར་ཕུལ་སྲོལ་ཡོད། འབྲུགཔ་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལུ་མངའ་ནི་དེ་གིས་ ཉིནམ་གཅིག་ནང་ ལཱ་དང་བྱ་བ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ རྐྱེན་དང་བར་ཆད་ག་ནི་ཡང་མི་འབྱུང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཡང་ དྲོ་པ་ཚུ་ཚོད་ ༦ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ དྲོ་པའི་ཁ་མཐུན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་འགོ་བཙུགསཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ར་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་བཟང་པོ་ཁ་འཐེན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ རང་སོའི་ཕམ་སྤུན་ཆ་ ལྟ་ལྟོ་ཚང་དང་དགའཝ་མཐུནམ་ཚུ་ལུ་ དང་ཕུ་ཡི་གུའི་ཐོག་ལས་ འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་ དུས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ནང་ལས་ ཁ་འཐེན་གཏང་ནི་ལས་རིམ་ཅིག་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཀ་ལ་པིང་ཀའི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ རང་སོའི་གདམ་ཁ་ཅན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཉནཉནནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལས་རིམ་འགོ་འདྲེན་པ་ལུ་ པར་འཕྲིན་ ཡང་ན་ཡིག་ཐོག་ལུ་བྲིས་ཏེ་ གདམ་ཁ་རྐྱབ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ ཞབས་ཁྲ་ལེགས་མོ་ཟེར་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གིས་དགའ་མི་ གཏུམ་གླུ་གསརཔ་ཚུ་གཏངམ་ཨིན། ཁུ་བྱུག་སྔོན་མོའི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ ཉིན་དགུང་གི་འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་ཁ་འཐེན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཅིག་དང་། གསུང་སྒྲ་སྙན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ དང་ཕུ་གི་ཞབས་ཁྲ་ གཞུང་སྒྲ་དང་འབོད་སྒྲ་ལ་སོགས་པ་གཏངམ་ཨིན། ཕྱི་རུ་ཁམས་ཅིག་ཁ་ལས་ གསུང་སྐད་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ ཞབས་ཁྲ་འཐེན་ནིའི་ལས་རིམ་ཅིག་ཡང་ཕུལ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ གཞུང་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ཡང་ ཉིན་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་ གལ་ཅན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ གཟའ་སྐར་བཟང་ངན་གྱི་སྐོར་ལས་དང་ ཆོས་བཤད་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཡང་ཕུལ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གཡུ་འབྲུག་སྔོན་མོའི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་ཞབས་ཁྲ་གསརཔ་དང་ དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ ཉིནམ་གཅིག་གི་ལས་རིམ་འཇུག་ར་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ ཕྱི་རུའི་འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་ཁ་འཐེན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་གྱིས་སྦེ་ མཇུག་བསྡུཝ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ རེས་གཟའ་ཟླཝ་ལུ་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་སྤྲོ་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ དངོས་མཐོང་སྦེ་ཕུལ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ནང་ མིང་གཏམ་ཅན་གྱི་མི་ངོ་ཚུ་བོ་སྟེ་ མི་དམངས་ལུ་ བརྡ་སྤྲོད་དང་སྤྲོ་སྟོན་གྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཕུལཝ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་གསུང་གྲོས་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་པའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་མ་འདྲཝ་བྱིན་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ མི་སེར་ལུ་ག་དེ་སྦེ་ ཕན་ཐོགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ན་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཁ་གསལ་སྦེ་བཤད་ནིའི་ལས་རིམ་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ལུ་ རང་སོའི་སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་ཚུ་ ཉམས་མ་བཅུག་པར་བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་དགོ་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་བཤད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཨིང་སྐད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་གཟུགས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ནང་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ དྲོ་པའི་འུར་ཟིང་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ དྲོ་པ་སྣུམ་འཁོར་བདའ་འགྱོ་མི་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ལམ་འགྲོ་དང་རེ་འདོད་འགྲུབ་པའི་གླུ་དབྱངས་ཚུ་གཏང་སྲོལ་ཡོད། དྲོ་པ་ ས་གནས་དང་འཕྲལ་གྱི་གནས་ཚུལ་གཙོ་དོན་ཚུ་གཏང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཉིན་དགུང་གི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ ཉིན་མའི་ལྟོའི་དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་ ཡིག་ཚང་དང་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ དུས་ཚོད་འཐོབ་ད་ཉནཉནནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ཕུལ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རེས་གཟའ་མིག་དམར་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ གློག་བརྙེན་གྱི་གསུང་གྲོས་ཟེར་ གློག་བརྙན་གསརཔ་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ ཞབས་ཁྲ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ གློག་བརྙན་དེ་ ག་དེ་སྦེ་ཡོད་ག་དང་ དེ་གི་ནང་དོན་ངོ་མ་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ ལོ་རྒྱས་བཤད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྣམ་ཤེས་གང་བའི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་ རེས་གཟའ་ལྷགཔ་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ དྲན་པ་གཟུང་ནི་དང་སྒོམ་རྐྱབ་ནི། དེ་ལས་ བཟང་པོའི་བྱ་བ་དང་སེམས་ཤུགས་བྱིན་ཚུགས་པའི་ སྲུང་དང་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་ བཤད་བཅུག་ནིའི་ལས་རིམ་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་དུས་ཚོད་ཟེར་བའི་ལས་རིམ་དེ་ནང་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཉན་མི་ཚུ་གི་སྤྲོ་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཁྲ་ཚུ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་བཱཟི་ལས་རིམ་ཟེར་བའི་ལས་རམ་དེ་ནང་ མིང་གཏམ་ཅན་གྱི་མི་ངོ་ཚུ་བོ་སྟེ་ ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་སེམས་ཤུགས་ཅན་གྱི་སྲུང་ཚུ་བཤད་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཉན་མི་འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་ སེམས་ཤུགས་འཐེས་བྱིན་ནི་དང་ ཆ་རོགས་འབད་ཚུགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན། སྐུ་གཟུགས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་གཡུས་སྒོ་ཚུ་དང་ སྣུམ་འཁོར་དེད་གཡོགཔ། དེ་ལས་ ནོར་རྫིཔ་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཐུགས་སྤྲོ་དང་ཁ་འཐེན་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ ངོ་ཤེས་འདྲིས་ཤེས་བཟོ་སྟེ་ མི་དང་མིའི་བར་ན་ མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལྷན་ཐབས་འབད་བའི་དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཅིག་ཨིན། མི་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་ ལས་འགུལ་དེ་བཟུམ་བརྩམས་གནང་སྟེ་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་སྐབས་ནང་ཡང་ ན་གཞོན་མཉམ་ཆུང་ཚུ་ལུ་ ལཱ་གཡོག་གི་གོ་སྐབས་བྱིན་ནི་དང་ ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་ལས་རིམ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ མི་དམངས་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཁར་ ཞི་བདེ་སྤེལ་ཏེ་ ག་ཅི་འདེ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སོང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
བརྡ་དོན་དང་བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་བརྟག་ཞིབ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣ ཅན་མའི་ལུ་ ཉིན་བསྟར་སྐུ་གཟུགས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཉན་མི་ ༡༥༠༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་དང་ ཤེས་རིག་ལྷན་ཁག་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༠ ཅན་མ་དང་འཁྲིལཝ་ད་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཡོངས་བསྡོམམས་ ༣༢༡༤༥ དེ་ཅིག་གིས་ཡང་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་དེ་ ཤེས་རིག་དང་ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་བརྒྱུད་ལམ་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྡོད་ནུག་ཟེར་ཨིན་མས། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་དེ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༠ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༧ གྱི་ནང་འཁོད་ མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཕེསི་བྷུཀ་ནང་ རྗེས་འཇུག་པ་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༢༤༨༩༧ དེ་ཅིག་དང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ནང་འཁོད་ གནས་ཚུལ་གྱི་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་ལྟ་མི་ ༡༤༩༦༤༢ དེ་ཅིག་སྡོད་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ གློག་བརྙན་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ནང་བཙུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ ལྟ་མི་ ༤༢༤༢༡༣ དེ་ཅིག་འོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་དེ་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཚོང་བསྒྲགས་དང་ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས་ཚུ་གཏང་ནིའི་བརྒྱུད་ལམ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དངོས་མཐོང་གི་ལས་རིམ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་སྤྱོད་ཚུགས་པའི་ཡུལ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཡང་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
#Retrieved from: https://www.kuzoofm.com/
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      <text bytes="11983" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉	རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་མོ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༥ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལུ་ ཡབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ཡུམ་ཐུགས་རྗེ་བཟང་མོ་ལས་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ནོརབུ་སྒང་ཟེར་ས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་པའི་སྤྱི་གཙུག་གི་ཉིན་ཟླ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་ དཔལ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་བཙུནམོ་སྤུན་ཆ་བཞི་བཞེས་པའི་ནང་ལས་ བཙུནམོ་དང་པ་དང་ སྤུན་ཆ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་གིས་ཕྱག་དཔེ་ཡང་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ཀུར་སེ་འོང་ སེནཊི་ ཧེ་ལེནསི་སློབ་གྲྭ་ &lt;/big&gt; (Kurseong, St. Helen’s School) &lt;big&gt;ནང་སྦྱང་བརྩོན་འབད་དེ་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་ སྲསམོ་ཨ་ཞེ་བསོད་ནམས་བདེ་ཆེན་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་སྲས་དྲག་ཤོས་འཇིགས་རྒྱལ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཡུམ་ཡང་ཨིན་མས། &lt;/big&gt;(Wikipedia, 2011) &lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་ མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཅན་གྱི་རྩོམ་སྒྲིགཔ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ དམིགས་བསལ་དུ་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གི་རྩོམ་རིག་གི་ལཱ་ལུ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་ནིའི་ནང་སྤྲོ་བ་སྦོམ་སྦེ་སྐྱེད་མི་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་འབྲི་རྩོམ་དང་སྙན་རྩོམ་རིག་པའི་དཔེ་དེབ་བཏོན་མི་ཚུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་གིས་ འགན་ཁག་བསྣམས་ཏེ་ཞུན་དག་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་གིས་ རེན་བོསི་ ཨེན་ ཀལའུཌསི་ (Rainbows and Clouds) ཟེར་མི་དང་ ཨ་ ཨིསི་ཊོ་རི་ ཨོཕོ་ ཡབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་&lt;/big&gt; (A story of Yab Ugyen Dorji) &lt;big&gt;ཟེར་བའི་དཔེ་དེབ་གཉིས་འགོ་དང་པ་བརྩམས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་། དེའི་ནང་ལས་ ཨ་ ཨིསི་ཊོ་རི་ ཨོཕོ་ ཡབ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་རྡོ་རྗེ་ནང་ལུ་ བཟང་ཚང་གི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་སྤྲོ་བ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་བྱུང་རབས་དང་སྤྱི་སྡེ། དེ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ཚུ་གསལ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ ཤེས་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་གིས་ཡང་མ་དོ་བར་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་གི་དཔེ་དེབ་གཉིས་པ་ ཊེ་ཞརསི་ ཨོཕོ་ ད་ ཐཱན་ཌར་ ཌེ་གཱོན་ - ཨ་ པོ་ཊེཊ་ ཨོཕོ་ བུ་ཊཱན་ (Treasures of the Thunder Dragon- A Portrait of Bhutan) ཟེར་མི་བརྩམས་གནང་ནུག། དཔེ་དེབ་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ སྒེར་དོན་གྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་བྱུང་རབས། དང་ཕུའི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་དང་ལམ་འགྲུལ་གྱི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་ལ་སོགས་པ་ སླ་བསྲེས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་གི་དཔེ་དེབ་གསུམ་པ་དེ་ཡང་ རྡོ་ཀྱོང་ལ་-ཨིསི་པི་རི་ཅུའེལ་ ཨེ་བོཊ་ ཨིན་ བུ་ཊཱན་&lt;/big&gt; (Dochula- Spiritual Abode in Bhutan) &lt;big&gt;ཟེར་མི་གསར་རྩོམ་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་། དཔེ་དེབ་དེ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་དབང་རྒྱལ་ཁྱིམ་ཚོགས་ནང་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་རླུང་ཆུ་རྩེ་ལྷ་ཁང་། འབྲུག་དབང་རྒྱལ་གྱི་མཆོད་རྟེན་བརྒྱ་དང་རྩ་བརྒྱད། འབྲུག་དབང་རྒྱལ་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་འབྲུག་དབང་རྒྱལ་ཚེས་བཅུ་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཡིག་ཐོག་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་དང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མིང་གཏམ་ཅན་གྱི་རྩོམ་སྒྲིགཔ་དང་ སྙན་ངག་མཁན་ཚུ་ག་ར་གཅིག་ཁར་འཛོམས་པའི་འབྲུག་རྩོམ་རིག་དུས་སྟོན་&lt;/big&gt; (Moutain Echoes) &lt;big&gt;གྱི་སྐྱབས་འཛིན་ཨིན་མས། དུས་སྟོན་འདི་ཡང་ རྩོམ་རིག་བརྗེ་སོར་འབད་ནི་དང་། ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ཚུ་གི་ སྒྱུ་རྩལ་གསརཔ་དང་དུས་སྟོན་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཅན་གྱི་གྲོས་གནས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་གི་ ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མི་སེར་མང་ཆེ་བ་ཅིག་ སོ་ནམ་པ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཁོང་མང་ཤོས་ར་ ས་གཤིས་དང་ས་ཆ་རྩུབ་དྲགས་ནང་་ལཱ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ སོ་ནམ་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་སྐྱབས་འཛིན་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཡང་མཛད་གནངམ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་ མི་ཚེའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ཏཱ་ར་ཡ་ན་གཞི་ཚོགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་སྟེ་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་གཡུས་སྒོ་ནང་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་ མི་ཚེ་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི་གི་ལས་རིམ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་གིས་འགོ་ཐོག་བརྩམས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་མཛད་ནི་ལུ་སྤྲོ་བ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནིའི་ལས་རིམ་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ག་དང་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་རིག་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་གནང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཏཱ་ར་ཡ་ན་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་མཛད་དེ་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་ནིའི་ལས་འཆར་ག་ར་ བདག་འཛིན་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་མཛད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་སྦྱོང་གི་གཙུག་སྡེ་རྙིང་ཤོས་དང་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་བརྩི་མཐོང་ཡོད་མི་ ཤེས་རབ་རྩེ་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་གི་ཆེ་བསྟོད་ཀྱི་སྲིད་འཛིན་ཡང་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་གིས་ ན་གཞོན་དང་ཕོ་མོའི་དབྱེ་བ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་དཀའ་ངལ་འཐོན་མི་ཚུ་གི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ཡང་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (JLF Colorado, 2016) &lt;big&gt;དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་ རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ ཕོལོཀ་ ཧེ་རི་ཊེཆ་ མིའུ་ཟིའམ་&lt;/big&gt; (Folk Heritage Museum) &lt;big&gt;ཟེར་བའི་འགྲེམས་སྟོན་ཁང་ཅིག་ གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་མི་གི་སྐྱབས་འཛིན་ཡང་ཨིན་མས། འགྲེམས་སྟོན་ཁང་དེ་ནང་ལུ་ དང་ཕུའི་མི་ཚུ་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་། ལག་བཟོ་དང་མི་ཚེ་འཚོ་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་ཐངས་ཚུ་སྟོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འགྲེམས་སྟོན་ཁང་དེ་ ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་མི་དང་ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་ལྟ་སྐོརཔ་ཚུ་འོང་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Her Majesty Gyalyum Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck. (2020). Retrieved from Queen Mother of Bhutan: http://www.culturesummit.com
# JLF Colorado. (2016). Her Majesty the Royal Queen Mother Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck. Retrieved from About Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck: http://www.jlflitfest.org
# Wikipedia. (2011, 10). Ashi Dorji Wangmo Wangchuck. Retrieved from Bigraphical Article: http://www.en.m.wikipedia.org</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉     དྲག་ཤོས་ཀརྨ་ཨུ་ར་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག་གཡུས་ཨུ་ར་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ཁོ་གི་སློབ་གྲྭ་གོང་མའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱང་ཚར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="10496" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉     དྲག་ཤོས་ཀརྨ་ཨུ་ར་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག་གཡུས་ཨུ་ར་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ཁོ་གི་སློབ་གྲྭ་གོང་མའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱང་ཚར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡོད་མི་ ཌེ་ལི་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ་གི་སེནཊ་ ཨིསི་ཊེ་ཕེན་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་(St. Stephen college of Delhi University)ཟེར་ས་ལུ་གཙུག་ལག་གཞི་རིམ་གྱི་སློབ་སྦྱོང་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་དང་། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཨོགསི་ཕོཊོ་གི་ མེག་ཌ་ལེན་ མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་&lt;/big&gt;(Magdalen College of Oxford)&lt;big&gt;ལས་གཙུག་ལག་ཤེས་ཚད་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་མཐའ་མཇུག་ལུ་ དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་གིས་མཐོ་རིམ་གོང་མའི་ཤེས་ཚད་ཡུ་ནེའེ་ཊེཌ་ཀིང་ཊོམ་ (United Kingdom)ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ ཨེ་ཌིན་བརཀ་ གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ་&lt;/big&gt; (Edinburgh University)&lt;big&gt;ལས་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;[http://www.himalayaninitiatives.org The Himalayan Initiatives]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དྲག་ཤོས་ཀརྨ་ཨུ་ར་འདི་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་དང་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ལྟེ་བ་གི་སྲིད་འཛིན་ཨིནམ་དང་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལྷན་ཁག་འཆར་གཞི་ནང་ལུ་ ལོ་ངོ་ ༡༢ ཀྱི་རིང་ལུ་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་གིས་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་གྱི་དགོངས་དོན་ཚུ་རིམ་སྒྲིག་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་དགུ་ནང་ལུ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་བསྒྲིགས་ཡོདཔ།དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༠ དང་ ༢༠༠༧ གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བརྟག་ཞིབ་འབད་ནིའི་ལས་རིམ་ཅིག་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ལུ་འབྲུག་གི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོ་འགོ་དང་པ་ཟིན་བྲིས་བཏབ་གནང་མི་འཐུས་མི་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན། དེ་གིས་སྦེ་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ནང་བྱུང་རབས་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ གི་ལོ་ལུ་དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་གི་སྲིད་འཛིན་སྦེ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཤུལ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་གི་མདོ་ཆེན་སྦེ་མཛད་བཞུགས་ནུག།
འགན་ཁུར་ཅན་གྱི་ལཱ་དེ་ཚུ་ལས་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་གིས་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གོ་གནས་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་འཆང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ ཐའེ་ལེནཌ་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ཝེལ་བི་ཡིང་སློབ་གྲྭ་དང་ཆུ་ལ་ལོང་ཀོའོན་&lt;/big&gt;(Chulalongkorn) &lt;big&gt;མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ།སཱན་ ན་གར་པརཱ་ཌ་ &lt;/big&gt;(San Nagarprada)&lt;big&gt;གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་བཀོད་ཁྱབ་ཚོགས་ཆུང་གི་འཐུས་མི་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཇར་མ་ནི་གི་འཛམ་གླིང་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་མཐོང་ཚུལ་དང་འཛམ་གླིང་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཀ་གྲོས་གནས་བསམ་ཞིབ་སྡེ་ཚན་གྱི་འཐུས་མི་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ འཛམ་གླིང་དངུལ་ཁང་གི་ ལྷོ་ཨེ་ཤི་ཡ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་མཁས་མཆོག་གཙོ་འཛིན་གྱི་གྲོས་སྟོན་གྲོས་ཚོགས་&lt;/big&gt; (Chief Economist’s Advisory Panel)&lt;big&gt;གི་འཐུས་མི་ཡང་ཨིན་མས།དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་གིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་ ལྷག་བསམ་རྣམ་དག་གི་སྒོ་ལས་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གི་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ སྔོན་རབས་དང་གཏམ་སྙན་གྲགས་ཡོད་མི་དྲག་ཤོས་ཟེར་བའི་མཚན་གནས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༠ གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ འབྲུག་འཁོར་ལོ་ཟེར་བའི་མཚན་གནས་ཡང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་སྔར་སྲོལ་དང་དུས་མཉམ་གྱི་རྩལ་རིག་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ནང་ལུ་ ལྷ་བྲིསཔ་སྙན་གྲགས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་གི་ཚོན་པར་ཚུ་ མིང་གཏམ་ཅན་གྱི་རྡོ་ཀྱོང་ལ་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་ ས་གནས་སོ་སོ་ལས་ཕར་ཡང་མཇལ་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;[http://www.himalayaninitiatives.org The Himalayan Initiatives]&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དྲག་ཤོས་ཀརྨ་ཨུ་ར་མཆོག་སྒྱིད་ཐག་ཡངས་དྲགས་ཡོད་མི་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཅན་གྱི་མི་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་། དེ་མ་ཚད་ བྱུང་རབས་མཁས་མཆོག་དང་རྩོམ་སྒྲིགཔ་མཁས་པ་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ དཔེ་དེབ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ར་བརྩམས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ ཕེཊ་ ཨེན་ ཕེསི་ཊི་ཝཱལ་ ཨོཕོ་ ཉི་མ་ལུང་ &lt;/big&gt;(Faith and Festival of Nimalung)&lt;big&gt;དང་། ཌེའི་ཊིསི་ ཨེན་ ཨར་ཅརསི་ &lt;/big&gt;(Dieties and Archers)&lt;big&gt;ད་ ཧི་རོ་ ཝིཊི་ ཨ་ ཐའུ་ཟེན་ ཨའེསི་ &lt;/big&gt;(The Hero with a Thousand Eyes)&lt;big&gt;བེ་ལེཌེ་ ཨོཕོ་ པདྨེ་ཚེ་དབང་བཀྲ་ཤིས་&lt;/big&gt; (Ballad of Pemi Tshewang Tashi)&lt;big&gt;ལི་ཌར་ཤིཔ་ ཨོཕོ་ ད་ ཝའེསི་ ཀིངསི་ ཨོཕོ་ བུ་ཊཱན་&lt;/big&gt; (Leadership of the Wise: Kings of Bhutan)&lt;big&gt;ཟེར་བའི་དཔེ་དེབ་སྣ་ཚོགས་དང་ དཔེ་དེབ་གཞན་ཡང་བརྩམས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ དཔེ་དེབ་དང་གནས་དེབ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ནང་ཡང་ དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་གིས་རྩོམ་བྲིས་ཚུ་བཀོད་ནི་གི་གྲོགས་རམ་ལེ་ཤ་བྱིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་གིས་ཟིན་ཐོ་གལ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཀྱི་གསལ་བཤད་གནང་མི་ཅིག་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གྲོས་ཚོགས་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ནང་ གྲལ་ཁར་གཏོགས་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;[http://www.himalayaninitiatives.org The Himalayan Initiatives]

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# The Himalayan Initiatives. (2018). Dasho Karma Ura. Retrieved from His Scholarly Works: http://www.himalayaninitiatives.org
# The Himalayan Initiatives. (2019). Drasho Karma Ura. Retrieved from Work and Achievement: http://www.himalayaninitiatives.org
# The Himalayan Initiatives. (2019). Drasho Karma Ura. Retrieved from Life and Education: http://www.himalayaninitiatives.org</text>
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    <title>དྲག་ཤོས་བསོད་ནམས་ཀུན་དགའ་གི་སྐོར།</title>
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      <text bytes="11377" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉	དྲག་ཤོས་བསོད་ནམས་ཀུན་དགའ་མཆོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༦ ལུ་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་ ཤོང་ཕུ་རྒེད་འོག་དགའ་གླིང་གཡུས་ཚན་ནང་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Kinga)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་གིས་ འབྲུག་གི་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ་གི་འོག་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ ཤེས་རབ་རྩེ་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལས་ ཨིང་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཆོས་ཚན་ནང་གཙུག་ལག་ཤེས་ཡོན་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ གཙུག་ལག་གོང་མ་དང་མཁས་དབང་གྱི་ཤེས་ཡོན་འདི་ ཇ་པཱན་གྱི་ཀིའུ་ཊོ་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ་ནང་ལས་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། ཀེ་ནེ་ཌ་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ ལེསི་ཊར་བི་པིར་སཱན་&lt;/big&gt; (Lester B. Pearson)&lt;big&gt;མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལས་ གཙུག་ལག་འོག་མའི་ཤེས་ཚད་སྦྱངས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དྲག་ཤོས་ཀྱིས་ གཞུང་གཡོག་ནང་འགོ་དང་པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༨ ལུ་ ཤེས་རིག་ལྷན་ཁག་འོག་གི་རྩ་གཞུང་སྡེ་ཚན་ནང དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འགོ་དཔོན་སྦེ་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ ལས་ ༢༠༠༣ ཚུན་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གློག་བརྙན་དང་རྒྱང་མཐོང་བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འཐུས་མི་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༢ ལས་ ༢༠༠༤ ཚུན་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་དང་རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་མདོ་ཆེན་བཀོད་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་མདོ་ཆེན་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག།དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་ནང་ལུ་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་འགོ་དཔོན་གོངམ་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ སེཕེ་ད་ཅིལ་ཌེན་&lt;/big&gt; (save the children)&lt;big&gt;ཡིག་ཚང་ནང་ལུ་ ལས་རིམ་འགོ་དཔོན་གོངམ་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་གནས་ལུགས་གསར་ཤོག་ཀྱི་བཀོད་ཁྱབ་ཞུན་དགཔ་སྦེ་ཡང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་འགོ་དང་པ་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྗོང་ཁག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་སྡེའི་འཐུས་མི་འགོ་དང་པ་སྦེ་བཙག་འཐུ་གྲུབ་ནུག། སྤྱི་ཚོགས་དང་པའི་གནས་ཡུན་གྱི་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གི་ཁྲི་འཛིན་འོགམ་དང་ ནང་འཁོད་ཚོགས་ཆུང་གི་ཁྲི་འཛིན། དེ་ལས་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་ཚོགས་ཆུང་གི་ཁྲི་འཛིན་ཚུ་ཡང་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
འབྲུག་གི་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་གཉིས་པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣ ལས་ ༢༠༡༧ ཚུན་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་སྡེའི་འཐུས་མི་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཚོགས་ཁང་གོང་མའི་ཁྲི་འཛིན་གྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་ཡང་བཞེས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
=== གཟེངས་རྟགས། ===
# སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་ནང་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་སྡེའི་ཁྲི་འཛིན་སྦེ་གདམ་འཐུ་གྲུབ་ཡོད་པའི་ངོས་འཛིན་ལུ་ ན་བཟའ་ལི་ཝང་དང་བློན་པོའི་གོ་གནས་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;(pearson college website) &lt;br&gt;
# &lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༢ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༧ ལུ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ ན་བཟའ་བུ་རས་དམརཔོ་གནང་སྟེ་ དྲག་ཤོས་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
# སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ལུ་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་སྡེའི་འཐུས་མི་སྦེ་བཙུག་འཐུ་གྲུབ་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་ ན་བཟའ་ཧོནམོ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
# སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༧ ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་ཞི་གཡོག་ཆོས་རྒྱུགས་ནང་ལས་ཨང་དང་པ་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
# སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༡ ལུ་ ཀེ་ནེ་ཌ་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་སྡེ་ལས་ ཤེས་ཡོན་མཆོག་གྱུར་གྱི་སློབ་གཉེར་གྲོགས་རམ་བཞེས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དྲག་ཤོས་ཀྱིས་ཨིང་ལིཤ་ནང་དཔེ་དེབ་ལེ་ཤ་ར་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་།&lt;br&gt;
ཤེས་རིག་ལྷན་ཁག་ཁག་གི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་དེ་ཡོད་མི་ པོ་ལི་ཏི་ ཀིང་ཤིབ་ ཨེན་ ཌེ་མོ་ཀེརེ་སི་ ཨ་ བ་ཡེའོ་གརཱ་ཕི་ ཨོཕོ་ བུ་ཊ་ནིསི་ ཨིསི་ཊེཊ་ (༢༠༠༩)&lt;/big&gt; Polity, Kingship and Democracy: a biography 	of Bhutanese State (2009)
&lt;big&gt;ཌི་ཨེསི་བི་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་གིས་པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་དེ་ཡོད་མི་ ཕལེ་ཡིང་ རོཀསི་ ཨིསི་པི་ཀིང་ ཨིསི་ཊེ་ཊསི་ རའེ་ཏིངསི་ ཨཱོན་ བུ་ཊ་ནིསི་ ཧིསི་ཊོ་རི་ མིཊ་ ཨེན་ ཀཱལ་ཅཱར་ (༢༠༠༤)&lt;/big&gt; Flying Rocks, Speaking Statues: Writings on Bhutanese History, Myth and Culture (2004)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ཇ་པཱན་ལུ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གཙུག་སྡེ་དང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་དཔལ་འབྲུག་ཞིབ་འཇུག་ལྟེ་བ་གིས་པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་ཡོད་མི་ ཅེན་ཇེསི་ ཨིན་ བུ་ཊ་ནིསི་ སོ་ཤའེལ་ ཨིསི་ཊག་ཅར་ ཨིམ་པེག་ ཨོཕོ་ ༥༠ ཡིརསི་ ཨོཕོ་ རི་ཕོའོམསི་(༡༩༥༢-༢༠༠༢)&lt;/big&gt; Changes in Bhutanese Social Structure: Impact of 50 years of Reforms (1952-2002)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དགེ་སློང་གསུམ་དར་བཀྲ་ཤིས་(༡༩༩༨) ཊཱནསི་ལེ་ཤཱན་ ཨོཕོ་ ༡༨ སེན་ཅུ་རི་ ཨོ་ཊོ་བ་ཡེའོ་གརཱ་ཕི་ཀཱལ་ པོ་ཡེམ་ ཕོརོམ་རྫོང་ཁ་ ཊུ་ ཨིང་ལིཤ་&lt;/big&gt; (Gelong Sumdar Tashi(1998)Translation of 18th century autobiographical poem from Dzongkha to English) &lt;big&gt;ཚུ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
གཞན་ཡང་ དཔེ་དེབ་ཀྱིས་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཕྱི་ནང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ནང་ རྩོམ་ཤོག་ལེ་ཤ་བྲིས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ཁ་སྐད་ནང་ཡང་ དཔེ་དེབ་ཚུ་བྲིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
དྲག་ཤོས་བསོད་ནམས་ཀུན་དགའ་མཆོག་དཔེ་དེབ་རྩོམ་སྒྲིགཔ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་པའི་གློག་བརྙན་གྱི་འཁྲབ་རྩེདཔ་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ལུ་ ཆང་ཧུབ་ཐེངས་གཅིག་གི་འཁྲུལ་སྣང་ཟེར་མི་གློག་བརྙན་ནང་ དགེ་སློང་སྦེ་བརྩེས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་གིས་དཔེ་དེབ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་རབས་དང་མི་སྡེ། སྲིད་དོན་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཚུ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཟུང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།(2021)
དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་འབྲུག་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་དང་ཐབས་རིག་སྤེལ་ཁང་གི་འཐུས་མི་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nationalcouncil.bt/assets/uploads/files/CV-H.E%20Dr.%20Sonam%20Kinga.pdf
# college, p. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.pearsoncollege.ca/alumnus-dasho-dr-sonam-kinga-awarded-red-scarf-by-his-majesty-the-king-of-bhutan/
# Kinga, S. (n.d.). Sonam Kinga. Retrieved from https://somkinga.wordpress.com/about/
# Kuenga, D. S. (2021). Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonam_Kinga</text>
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    <title>མཁས་དབང་ཀརྨ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་སྐོར།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉   མཁས་དབང་ཀརྨ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་འདི་བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག་གཡུས་ཨུ་ར་ལུ་ སྟོད་ཕྱུག་པོ་ཟེར་མི་ཁྱིམ་ནང་ཡུམ་དགའ་ལྡན་བླམ་གི་བཟའ་ཚང་ནང་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨ ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།ཡུམ་གྱི་རི...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="11072" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉   མཁས་དབང་ཀརྨ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་འདི་བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག་གཡུས་ཨུ་ར་ལུ་ སྟོད་ཕྱུག་པོ་ཟེར་མི་ཁྱིམ་ནང་ཡུམ་དགའ་ལྡན་བླམ་གི་བཟའ་ཚང་ནང་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨ ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།ཡུམ་གྱི་རིགས་རྒྱུད་དེ་ཡང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་པའི་སྲོལ་བཙུགས་གནང་མི་ བླམ་ཕ་ཇོ་གྲུ་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་མཆོག་གི་རིགས་རྒྱུད་འཛིན་མི་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་། ཡབ་དེ་ཡང་པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་རིགས་རྒྱུད་ལས་ཨིན་མི་ཙ་ཀ་གླིང་ཆོས་རྗེ་གི་བླ་མའི་སྐུ་སྐྱེས་སྦེ་བྱོན་མི་སྐྱེས་ཆེན་དམ་པ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། ཁོ་གིས་ནང་པའི་གཞི་རྟེན་ཆོས་སྐད་ཀྱི་ཡིག་གཟུགས་དང་ ནང་པའི་ཆོས་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་དཔེ་ཆ་ཚུ་ཁོ་རའི་ཡབ་ལས་ལྷབ་སྦྱང་མཛད་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སློབ་རིམ་གསུམ་པ་ཚུན་ཨུ་ར་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆུང་བ་ནང་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱངས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སློབ་གྲྭ་དེ་ནང་སློབ་རིམ་གསུམ་པ་ལས་ལྷག་སྟེ་མེད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སློབ་གྲྭ་གནས་སོར་བྱོན་ནུག། མཁས་དབང་ཀརྨ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་འདི་ སྐུན་ཆུང་བའི་ཁར་ ལམ་འགྱོ་ཚུགས་པའི་གཟུགས་སྟོབས་མེདཔ་ལས་  ཁོ་རའི་ཕམ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ཨུ་ར་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆུང་བའི་སློབ་དབུ་འཛིན་ལུ་གསོལཝ་བཏབ་སྟེ་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་སློབ་རིམ་གསུམ་པ་ལྷབ་སྦྱང་འབད་བཅུག་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ཤུལ་མམ་གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ བྱ་དཀར་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལུ་ཆ་རོགས་གསརཔ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཡོན་ཏན་སྦྱང་པར་སོང་ནུག། སློབ་གྲྭ་དེ་ནང་ སློབ་དཔོན་དབུ་འཛིན་གྱིས་འཛོལ་ཏེ་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་སློབ་རིམ་གསུམ་པའི་ནང་ལྷབ་བཅུག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སློབ་རིམ་གསུམ་པའི་ནང་ ལོ་ངོ་གསུམ་ལྷབ་སྟེ ཨང་དང་པའི་གསོལ་ར་ཚར་གསུམ་ལེན་མི་ང་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་འོང་ཟེར་དགོད་བྲ་བའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་ད་ལྟོ་ཡང་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་པས། མཁས་དབང་མཆོག་གནམ་དགུན་གྱི་ངལ་གསོའི་སྐབས་ ནོར་འཚོ་བར་ལྷུན་རྩེ་ལས་ཕར་སོང་སྟེ་ཁོ་རའི་ཕམ་ལུ་ཆ་རོགས་འབད་དེ་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;(Wikipedia Asian Month, 2021)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ཌོག་ཊར་མཆོག་འགོ་དང་པ་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་བྱོན་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ལྷོད་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་འགྱོ་ནི་བཞག་སྟེ་ལྕགས་རི་དགོན་པ་ལུ་དགེ་སློང་ནང་འཛུལ་ནུག། ལྕགས་རི་ལུ་ལོ་ངོ་གཅིག་བཞུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ བོད་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཤེས་ཡོན་འཕྲོ་འཐུད་དེ་ལྷབ་སྦྱང་འབད་བར་རྒྱ་གར་ལུ་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་ རྒྱ་གར་སི་ར་དགོན་པ་ལུ་ལོ་ངོ་གཅིག་ཕྱག་དཔེ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ མཁན་པོ་གི་སློབ་སྦྱོང་མཛད་དེ་སྔ་འགྱུར་རྙིང་མའི་གཙུག་སྡེ་ནང་ལུ་ལོ་ངོ་བཅུ་ཐམ་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༤ ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ཁོ་གིས་ནང་པའི་ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཆོས་ཚན་ཚུ་བོད་སྐད་དང་ཨིང་སྐད་གཉིས་ཆ་རའི་ནང་ སྐད་གཉིས་ཤན་སྦྱར་སྦེ་སློབ་སྟོན་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཤུག་གསེབ་&lt;/big&gt;(Shugseb)&lt;big&gt;ཨ་ཎེའི་གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་དགོན་སྡེའི་གཙོ་འཛིན་སྦེ་ཡང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག། སྔ་འགྱུར་རྙིང་མ་གཙུག་སྡེ་ནང་ལུ་ལེགས་སྦྱར་བ་སྦེ་ཡང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༩༧ ལུ་བཱལ་ལོལ་&lt;/big&gt;(Balliol)&lt;big&gt;མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ ཨེམ་ཨེསི་ཊི་སཱནསི་ཀིརཊི་&lt;/big&gt;(M.St. in Sanskirt) &lt;big&gt;དང་རྒྱ་གར་སྔ་རབས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་ལྷབ་ནིའི་ནང་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་ཚུར་ ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་པེ་རིསི་(Paris)ལུ་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་པ་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ཀེམ་བིརིཆི་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ་(Cambridge University) ནང་ལུ་ཡང་མི་སྡེ་མི་རྒྱུད་རིག་པའི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཀྱི་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་འགན་རོགས་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;(wikipedia, 2007)&lt;big&gt;ཌོག་ཊར་ཀརྨ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་མཆོག་ནང་པའི་ཆོས་དེ་ཚུ་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་མཁས་པ་སྦྱངས་བའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ནང་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་དཔེ་དེབ་གཉིས་དང་རྩོམ་བྲིས། དཔེ་དེབ་བསྐྱར་ཞིབ། སྐད་སྒྱུར་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དཔེ་དེབ་ལེ་ཤ་བརྩམས་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་བྱུང་རབས་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགསཔ་སྦེ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོད་པའི་དཔེ་དེབ་འགོ་དང་པ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༥ གི་ལོ་ལུ་མཆོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་དྲག་ཤོས་ཀྱི་རྟགས་མ་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་དང་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་བློ་ལྡན་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཟེར་མི་ཅིག་ཡང་འགོ་དང་པ་གཞི་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་གིས་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མི་སེར་ཚོང་ལཱ་འབད་ནིའི་ནང་སྤྲོ་བ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་བྱུང་སྟེ་མི་ཚེ་འགྱུར་བ་འགྱོ་ཡོད་མི་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
མཁས་དབང་མཆོག་གིས་དཔེ་དེབ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་།&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;
* Karma Phuntsho (2013). The History of Bhutan. Nodia: Random House India. ISBN 9788184003116.
* Karma Phuntsho (2005). Mipham's Dialectics and Debates on Emptiness: To Be, Not to Be or Neither. Routledge Critical Studies in Buddhism. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-415-35252-5.
* Karma Phuntsho (2015). Twilight Cultures. Thimphu: Shejun. ISBN 978-999-36-1104-2.
* Karma Phuntsho (2015). The Autobiography of TertonPemaLingpa. Thimphu: Shejun. ISBN 978-999-36-5322-6.
* Karma Phuntsho (2015). The Biography of ThugseDawaGyaltshen. Thimphu: Shejun. ISBN 978-999-36-5323-3.
* Karma Phuntsho (2015). The Biography of GyalsePemaThinley. Thimphu: Shejun. ISBN 978-999-36-5324-0.
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# wikipedia. (2007, 03 22). Biography of Dr. Karma Phuntsho. Retrieved from Karma Phuntsho: http://www.rywiki.tsadra.org
# Wikipedia Asian Month. (2021). About Dr. Karma Phuntsho. Retrieved from Karma Phuntsho: http://www.en.m.wikipedia.org
# Karma Phuntsho (1997). ཚད་མའི་བསྟན་བཅོས་རིགས་པའི་ཐེམ་སྐས། [Steps to Valid Reasoning: A Treatise on Logic and Epistemology (textbook)] (in Tibetan). Byallakuppe: NgagyurNyingma Institute</text>
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    <title>ཨམ་ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་གྱི་སྐོར།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉    ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༢ ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ བུམ་ཐང་སྟངས་ལུ་སྦེ་སྐྱེས་ནུག། མོ་རའི་ཕམ་གཉིས་ཡང་ ཁོལ་ཇོའི་ལམ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་སྦྱིན་བདག་ཨིནམ་དང་ མོ་ར་ལོ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུ་སྦེ་ས...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="12990" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉    ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༢ ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ བུམ་ཐང་སྟངས་ལུ་སྦེ་སྐྱེས་ནུག། མོ་རའི་ཕམ་གཉིས་ཡང་ ཁོལ་ཇོའི་ལམ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་སྦྱིན་བདག་ཨིནམ་དང་ མོ་ར་ལོ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུ་སྦེ་སྡོད་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་སྡོད་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ སྐྱེས་ལོ་དགུ་ལངམ་ད་ མོ་རའི་ཨ་པ་གི་སློབ་རིམ་ཆུང་བ་དང་འབྲིང་རིམ་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱང་བརྩོན་འབད་བར་ རྒྱ་གར་རྡོར་རྗེ་གླིང་ (Darjeeling) གི་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལུ་བཏང་སྟེ་  ཨིང་ལིཤ་ལྷབ་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཤུལ་ལས་ མོ་གིས་རྒྱ་གར་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ ཨིན་ཌཱ་པརཱསི་ཐ་&lt;/big&gt;  (Indraprastha) &lt;big&gt;མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ སེམས་ཁམས་རིག་པའི་གཙུག་ལག་གཞི་མཆོག་&lt;/big&gt; (BA Honours in Psychology) &lt;big&gt;གི་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱངས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ ཡུ་ཨེསི་ཨེ་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ ནེ་བརཱསི་ཀ་-ལིང་ཀཱོན་&lt;/big&gt; (Nebraska-Lincoln) &lt;big&gt;མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལས་ སྤྱི་སྙོམས་རིག་པའི་གཙུག་ལག་གཞི་རིམ་&lt;/big&gt; (BA in Sociology) &lt;big&gt;སྦྱང་བརྩོན་འབད་དེ་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། མོ་གིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཁག་གི་སློབ་དཔོན་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཤུལ་ལས་ མོ་གིས་ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་རིམ་ གི་དོན་ལུ་ཡང་ལཱ་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཨམ་ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་འདི་ ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཨིང་ལིཤ་གི་སྲུང་རྩོམ་འབྲི་མི་ཨམ་སྲུ་འགོ་དང་པ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (Goodreads, 2021) &lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༠ གི་ལོ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ངག་ཐོག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ། དང་ཕུའི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་དང་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་བྲི་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། མོ་གིས་ མོ་རའི་རྨགཔ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་སྡོད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ངག་ཐོག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་དང་ཐོ་བཀོད་འབད་ནི་གི་ལཱ་ཚུ་རྒྱུན་མ་ཆད་པར་འབད་དེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། མོ་གི་དཔེ་དེབ་དང་པ་དེ་ཡང་ ད་ སར་ཀཱལ་ ཨོཕོ་ ཀརྨ་&lt;/big&gt;  (The Circle of Karma) &lt;big&gt;ཟེར་མི་ རྒྱ་གར་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་པེང་གུསན་&lt;/big&gt; (Penguin) &lt;big&gt;དཔེ་དེབ་ཀྱིས་པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༥ གི་ལོ་ལུ་བརྩམས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དཔེ་དེབ་དེ་ནང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ གསར་ལུགས་ཀྱི་དུས་སྐབས་ འགོ་ཐོག་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༠ གི་ལོ་ནང་ལུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། སྲུང་དེ་ནང་སྲུང་རྩེདཔ་ངོ་མ་འབྲུག་པའི་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཅིག་ འཁོར་ལམ་བསལ་ནིའི་ལཱ་གཡོག་འབད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ དང་ཕུ་གི་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ནང་ ཕོ་མོའི་ལཱ་འགན་སོ་སོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་  དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་དལ་དབང་ཕོ་རྒས་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ལས་ གསར་ལུགས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་ཡོད་པའི་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཕྱོགས་རིས་ཕྱེ་ནི་དང་ཚིག་ངན་སྣ་ཚོགས་སླབ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་མཐོང་སྣང་ཚུ་མཐོང་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། སྲུང་དེབ་དེ་གི་ནང་དོན་མང་ཆེ་བ་ཅིག་ རྒྱ་གར་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་ཁོངས་ཚུ་ནང་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (Wikipedia, 2021)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ཨམ་ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་གྱིས་ ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཀྱི་བར་ན་བརྩམས་ཡོད་མི་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་དཔེ་དེབ་ཚུ་ཡང་། ད་ སར་ཀཱར་ ཨོཕོ་ ཀརྨ་&lt;/big&gt; (The Circle of Karma) &lt;big&gt;ཕོལོཀ་ཏེལསི་ ཨོཕོ་ བུ་ཊཱན་&lt;/big&gt; (Folktales of Bhutan) &lt;big&gt;རུམ་ ཨིན་ ཡུ་ཝར་ ཧརཊ་ ཕོལོཀ་ཏེལསི་ ཕོརོམ་ བུ་ཊཱན་&lt;/big&gt; (Room in Your Heart: Floktales from Bhutan) &lt;big&gt;ཟླ་བ་ ད་ ཨིསི་ཊོ་རི་ ཨོཕོ་ ཨ་ ཨིསི་ཊེ་ ཌོཀ་ཨིན་ བུ་ཊཱན་&lt;/big&gt; (Dawa: The story of a Stray Dog in Bhutan) &lt;big&gt;བུ་ཊ་ནིསི་ ཊེལསི་ ཨོཕོ་ ད་ ཡེ་ཏི་&lt;/big&gt; (Bhutanese Tales of the Yeti)  &lt;big&gt;ཊེལསི་ ཨིན་ ཀ་ལར་ ཨེན་ ཨ་དར་ ཨིསི་ཊོ་རིསི་&lt;/big&gt; (Tales in Colour: And Other Stories) &lt;big&gt;དང་ ཅི་ལི་ ཨེན་ ཅིསི་ ཕུཊ་ ཨེན་ སོ་སའེ་ཊི་&lt;/big&gt; (Chilli and Cheese: Food and Society) &lt;big&gt;ཟེར་བའི་སྲུང་དེབ་ལེ་ཤ་ར་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། མོ་གིས་ ཨ་ལུའི་སྲུང་དང་དང་ཕུའི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་ར་བྲིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་མོ་ར་ཆུང་ཀུ་སྦེ་སྡོད་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཕམ་གཉིས་ཁོལ་ཇོའི་ལམ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་སྦྱིན་བདག་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ གོངམ་གི་ལཱ་འབད་དགོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དུས་ཚོད་མང་ཆེ་བ་ཅིག་ མོ་ར་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་སྦེ་སྡོད་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བསྒང་ མོ་གིས་དུས་ཚོད་འཕྲོ་བརླག་མ་བཏང་པར་ དོན་དག་ཡོད་པའི་རྩེདམོ་བརྩེ་ནི་དང་ དང་ཕུའི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་ཚུ་ལུ་ཉན་ཏེ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
ཤུལ་ལས་ མོ་ར་རྒྱ་གར་ལས་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱང་བརྩོན་འབད་ཚར་ཏེ་ ལོག་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་འོངམ་ད་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ངག་རྒྱུན་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་སྔར་སྲོལ་ཚུ་ ཉམས་ཡོདཔ་དང་། དང་ཕུ་ ཕམ་ཚུ་གིས་སྲུང་བཏང་བྱིན་ནིའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་འདི་གི་ཚབ་མ་སྦེ་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་མཐོང་ནུག། སྲུང་ཚུ་གི་མིའི་ངོ་རྟགས་སྟོནམ་ཨིནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ དང་ཕུའི་སྲུང་ཚུ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མི་དང་ མ་འོངས་པའི་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་གི་ཤེས་ཚུགས་ནི་འདི་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཁག་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་མཐོང་ནུག། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ངོ་རྟགས་དང་འབྱུང་ཁུངས་ཚུ་ མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི་དང་ མ་འོངས་པའི་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་གིས་ ལམ་སྲོལ་གྱི་སྐོར་ལས་ཧ་གོ་ནི། དོན་དག་ཚུ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ཧ་གོ་ནི། ཁོང་རའི་མི་ཚེ་ལུ་བལྟ་སྟེ་ ངལ་རངས་ནི་གི་འཆར་གཞི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མོ་གིས་དང་ཕུའི་གཏམ་རྒྱུད་ཚུ་བྲིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། གཏམ་རྒྱུད་ཚུ་འབྲི་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྲུང་གི་འབྱུང་རབས་ཚུ་མ་ཐོབ་སྟེ་འབད་རུང་ མོ་ར་ཆུང་ཀུ་སྦེ་སྡོད་པའི་སྐབས་ཕམ་ཚུ་ལས་ཉན་ཡོད་པའི་སྲུང་ སེམས་ཁར་དྲན་མི་ཚུ་ བྲི་ནིའི་འདོད་པ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་བྲིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (Dorji, 2017) &lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༠ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ ནད་ཡམས་ཀོ་རོ་ན་འབྱུང་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ མོ་རའི་བུམོ་ གློག་བརྙན་བཟོ་མི་ཅིག་ཨིན་མི་ བདེ་ཆེན་རོ་རྡར་གྱིས་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་འགྲོ་འགྲུལ་བཀག་དམ་འབད་དེ་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་འགྱོ་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ ཁྱིམ་ནང་ལུས་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ མོ་རའི་ཨའི་གི་སྲུང་ཚུ་ལྷག་པའི་བརྙན་འཁོར་བཟོ་སྟེ་ ཡུ་ཏུསཔ་ནང་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ད་ལྟོ་ རྩོམ་སྒྲིགཔ་ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་འདི་ མོ་རའི་རྨགཔ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Dorji, T. (2017, 8 5). Truth of Life. Retrieved from FOLKTALES; Aum Kunzang Choden vs. A.K Ramanujan: http://www.shinetndorji.blogspot.com
# Goodreads. (2021). About Kunzang Choden. Retrieved from About Her: http://www.goodreads.com
# Wikipedia. (2021). Kunzang Choden . Retrieved from About Kunzang Choden: http://www.en.m.wikipedia.org</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་རའི་སྨན་ལྗོངས་ཆོས་ལྡན་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ནང་ ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་མཆོག་ སྐྱེས་བུ་དམ་པ་སྟོབས་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ བོད་ར་ལུང་དགོན་པའི་ཁྲི་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="12598" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་རའི་སྨན་ལྗོངས་ཆོས་ལྡན་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ནང་ ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོ་མཆོག་ སྐྱེས་བུ་དམ་པ་སྟོབས་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ བོད་ར་ལུང་དགོན་པའི་ཁྲི་རབས་གཉིས་པའི་སློབ་མ་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྗེ་བླ་མ་མཆོག་རྫོགས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་དང་ འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རྒྱ་རྟགས་ཆེན་མོ། ཞི་བྱེད་ཚུ་གི་ལུང་རྒྱུན་ཚུ་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་གང་ཟག་དམ་པ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ རྗེ་བླ་མ་ཁོ་ར་ ལྷ་དང་བླ་མའི་ལུང་བསྟན་ལས་ སྐུ་ཚེ་སྨད་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཆབ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་ཚུ་བཞེས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དེ་བསྒང་ མོན་ཡུལ་འདི་ནང་ ལྷ་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ རྗེ་བླ་མ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཞི་རྒྱས་དབང་དྲག་གི་སྒོ་ལས་ བླ་མ་ལྷ་པའི་རིང་ལུགས་འདི་རྩ་མེད་བཏང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་ཡང་ རྗེ་བླ་མ་དམ་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ལུགས་སྲོལ་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ རྒྱ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་དར་ཁྱབ་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྗེ་བླ་མ་མཆོག་གིས་ ལྷོ་མོན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཆུ་འགོ་དར་བའི་སྲོལ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྗེ་བླ་མ་མཆོག་ ཡབ་ཚོང་དཔོན་ཟླ་བ་བཟང་པོ་དང་ ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་པདྨ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༡༧༩ ལུ་མདོ་ཁམས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་གི་ཡང་རྩེ་འབབ་ཆུ་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། 
རྗེ་ཁོ་ར་ལུ་ སྐུ་མཆེད་ལྔ་ཡོད་པའི་སླ་ལས་ཆུང་ཤོས་དང་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ ཁོ་རའི་མཚན་དོན་གྲུབ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཟེར་ཞུ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མས། ཁོ་རའི་ཡབ་འདི་ཚོང་དཔོན་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུ་ལས་ར་ འགོ་དང་པ་རྫོགས་ཆེན་རྙིང་མའི་ཕྱག་དཔེ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ཕྱག་ཆེན་འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ཆོས་ཚུ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བསྒང་ ཁོ་རའི་རྩ་བའི་བླམ་འདི་ བླམ་ཐར་པ་གླིང་པ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། དགུང་ལོ་ ༣༣ བཞེསཔ་ད་ རྗེ་བླ་མའི་སྙན་ལུ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་འགྲོ་བའི་མགོན་པོ་གཙང་པ་རྒྱ་རས་ (༡༡༦༡-༡༢༡༡) ཀྱི་མཚན་གསན་ཏེ་ དད་མོས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཅིག་བསྐྱེད་པའི་དབང་གིས་ བསམ་བཞིན་བོད་ར་ལུང་དགོན་པ་ལུ་ཆོས་རྗེ་བཞུགས་སར་བྱོན་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ ཕ་ཇོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་བཞུགས་སར་མ་ཕེབས་ལས་ ཆོས་རྗེ་དགོངས་པ་རྫོགས་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་གསནམ་ལས་ ཡུདཔ་ཅིག་ཐུགས་དྲན་པ་ཡལ་སོཔ་མས། ཨིན་རུང་ དཔལ་འབྲུག་པའི་རིང་ལུགས་ཆ་ཚང་ཅིག་ ཆོས་རྗེའི་སྐུ་ཚ་བོ་དབོན་རས་དར་མ་སེངྒེ་ལས་ཞུ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
ལོ་ངོ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་ བོད་ལུ་སྒྲུབ་པ་ཉམས་ལེན་ཚུ་མཛད་བཞུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ལྷའི་ལུང་བསྟན་ལྟར་ ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་འབྱོན་དགོ་པའི་ལུང་བསྟན་བབས་ཏེ་ ཁོ་རའི་སྐུ་ཚེ་ལྷག་ལུས་འདི་ ལྷོ་མོན་འདི་ནང་རྫོགས་ནི་སྦེ་ཨིན་མས། བླ་མ་ཁོ་རའི་ཉམས་སྣང་ལུ་ ཁོ་རའི་གསང་ཡུམ་སྦེ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་ མ་གཅིག་ལབ་སྒྲོན་གྱི་རྣམ་སྤྲུལ་འདི་བཞེས་འོང་ཟེར་གཟིགས་ཡོད་རུང་ ཁོ་གིས་མཁའ་འགྲོ་ཨ་ཆོག་ཟེར་མི་བཞེས་ཡོདཔ་དང་། འདི་ལས་ སྲས་དམ་པ་ཟེར་མི་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། སྲས་དམ་པ་མཆོག་ ཕ་དམ་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྤྲུལ་པ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཤད་སྲོལ་ཡང་འདུག། དེ་ལས་ འདིའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ལབ་ཀྱི་སྒྲོན་མའི་རྣམ་རོལ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་སྒྲོན་གསང་ཡུམ་སྦེ་བཞེས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ སྟབས་གཅིག་ལུ་སྲས་སྲོས་བསྡོམས་བདུན་ སྐུ་ཤའི་གོང་བུ་ལས་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། འདི་ནང་ལས་ སྲས་བཞི་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་ལུས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཆོས་རྗེ་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བརྒྱུད་པ་ཚུ་ཡང་ མང་ཤོས་ར་རྗེ་བླ་མའི་བརྒྱུད་པ་ལས་དར་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་བཤད་ནི་འདུག། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་ཡང་ དུས་རབས་བཅུ་གསུམ་པའི་ནང་ རྗེ་བླ་མ་གིས་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་པའི་རྟ་མགོ་བཤད་གྲྭའི་ཉེ་འདབས་ལུ་ དེ་བསྒང་འགོ་དང་པ་སྒྲུབ་སྡེ་ཚུ་གཞི་ཚོགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཤུལ་ལས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་མཆོག་གིས་ ཉམས་གསོ་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། རྗེ་བླ་མ་མཆོག་གིས་ བླ་མ་ལྷ་པ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་པའི་ཤུལ་མ་ རྡོ་སྔོན་རྫོང་ཟེར་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཐིམ་ཕུག་བདེ་ཆེན་ཕོ་བྲང་འདི་ ཁོ་གི་ཕྱག་ལུ་ཚུད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཤུལ་ལས་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༣༡ ལུ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ཟེར་ལོག་གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
ལོ་རྒྱུས་བཤད་སྲོལ་ཅིག་དང་འཁྲིལཝ་ད་ རྗེ་བླ་མ་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་པ་དང་ལྷ་པ་མ་འགྲིགས་པར་ འཛིང་འཁྲུག་ལངས་སྡོདཔ་ད་ གྲི་གུང་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ལྷ་པའི་ཡན་ལག་དགེ་འདུན་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ ངལ་མ་རངས་པར་ གསོལ་དུག་དྲངས་ཡོད་པའི་བྱ་ངན་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ གཤགས་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་འདུག། དེ་བསྒང་ རྗེ་བླ་མ་མཆོག་ པུར་སྦྱང་ཕུལ་བའི་སྐབས་ མེ་ལྕེ་ལས་ལེགས་སྦྱར་གྱི་སྒྲ་འཐོན་དེས་ཟེར་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ མེ་མཆོད་ཕུལ་སའི་རྡོ་འདི་ཁ་ལས་ ཨོཾ་མ་ཎི་ཟེར་ལན་ཐེངས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྒྲ་གོ་ཡི་ཟེར་ཨིནམ་དང་། རྡོ་འདི་ ད་ལྟོ་དད་པ་ཅན་ཚུ་གི་ངོ་བོ་ལུ་རྟེན་སྦེ་བཞག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྗེ་བླ་མ་དགོངས་པ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དབྱིངས་ལུ་མ་ཐིམ་བར་དུ་ སྤྱིར་བསྟན་པ་དང་འགྲོ་བའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཕྲིན་ལས་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པར་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཤུལ་ལས་དུས་རབས་ ༡༦ པའི་ནང་ རྗེ་བླ་མ་ཁོ་ར་ རྟ་མགོ་ལུ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པ་ཀུན་ལེགས་ཀྱི་སྲས་བརྒྱུད་གཉིས་པ་ ཚེ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་བོད་ལས་འབྱོནམ་ད་ སྦྱིན་བདག་གཙོ་བོ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་་མ་ཚད་ དེ་གི་ཡང་སྲིད་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ རྟ་མགོ་སྤྲུལ་སྐུའི་སྐུ་འཕྲེང་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ བསྟན་པ་ལུ་ཞབས་ཏོག་སྦོམ་ཞུ་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ སྲས་བརྒྱུད་ཚུ་ལས་ གདུང་རབས་རིམ་པ་སྦེ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་མཛད་མི་སྐྱེས་ཆེན་དམ་པ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བྱོན་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས། (༡༩༩༩) ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་ཞིག་པོའི་རྣམ་ཐར་ཐུགས་རྗེའི་ཆུ་རྒྱུན། ཆོས་སྐད་ལས་རྫོང་ཁར་སྐད་བསྒྱུར།</text>
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    <title>མཉམ་མེད་དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་རྣམ་ཐར་མདོར་བསྡུས།</title>
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      <id>29065</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-05T08:34:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་རྣམ་ཐར་འདི་གཏིང་ཟབ་ཅིང་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་ལས་ ཞུ་ནི་གི་བསོད་ནམས་སོ་སོའི་སྐྱེ་བོ་རང་ལུ་མེད་རུང་ དད་པའི་མཛུབ་མོ་གིས་ཨ་ཙི་ཅིག་ལེན་ཏེ་ བློ་གསར་རྣ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="19678" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་རྣམ་ཐར་འདི་གཏིང་ཟབ་ཅིང་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་ལས་ ཞུ་ནི་གི་བསོད་ནམས་སོ་སོའི་སྐྱེ་བོ་རང་ལུ་མེད་རུང་ དད་པའི་མཛུབ་མོ་གིས་ཨ་ཙི་ཅིག་ལེན་ཏེ་ བློ་གསར་རྣ་བའི་རྒྱན་དུ་ཞུ་བ་ཅིན། དེ་ཡང་ མཉམ་མེད་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གདུང་རབས་ལས་ སྤྱིར་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་སྤྲུལ་ བརྒྱད་ཅུ་རྩ་བཞི་འབྱུང་ནིའི་ལུང་བསྟན་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱ་འཇམ་དཔལ་གསང་བ་ལས། ས་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་བོད་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁམས་འདིར། །ང་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོའི་བརྒྱུད་པ་ལ། །ཁྱད་པར་ལྷའི་རྣམ་འཕྲུལ་ནི། །བཅུ་ཕྲག་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་བར་དུ་འབྱོན།། ཟེར་གསུངས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཁྱད་པར་གདུང་འཛིན་སྙིང་པོའི་གསལ་བྱེད་དགུ་འབྱོན་ནི་སྦེ་གསུངས་མི་ལས་ གཉིས་པ་ང་བཅས་རའི་སྐྱབས་མགོན་མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ ཀུན་མཁྱེན་མཆོག་གིས་ བཅོམ་ལྡན་སྙིང་རྗེ་རང་འགྲེལ་མ་ལས་གསུངས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལུས་མེད་མཁའ་འགྲོ་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་ལུང་བསྟན་གནང་ནུག ལྷག་པར་དུ་ འདས་པའི་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་སྐྱེ་ཆེན་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་གིས་ ལུང་བསྟན་གནང་བའི་བསྟན་པའི་གསལ་བྱེད་གཉིས་པ་ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་མཆོག་ དུས་ཐོག་མ་མེད་པའི་དུས་ལས་ར་ དབྱིངས་དང་ཡེ་ཤེས་གཉིས་སུ་མེད་པའི་བདག་ཉིད་ཅན་ རང་བཞིན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ལས་མ་གཡོ་རུང་ བསྟན་འགྲོའི་དོན་ལུ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་རིམ་པར་འབྱོན་ཚུལ་ཡང་། བདེ་ལྡན་སྣང་མཐའི་སྤྱན་སྔར་འཕགས་མཆོག་འཇིག་རྟེན་དབང་ཕྱུག། ཤམྦྷ་ལའི་སེང་ཁྲིར་རིགས་ལྡན་པདྨ་དཀར་པོ། ལྷ་ལྡན་ཡུལ་ན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་སྲོང་གཙན་སྒམ་པོ། ཟ་ཧོར་ཡུལ་དུ་མཁན་ཆེན་ཞི་བ་འཚོ། ཁ་ཆེའི་ཡུལ་ན་པཎ་ཆེན་ཎ་རོ་ཏ་པ། གཉལ་སྨད་སྙི་བའི་རིགས་སུ་ཆོས་རྗེ་དྭགས་པོ་ལྷ་རྗེ། མྱང་སྟོད་རྒྱའི་གྲོང་ན་འགྲོ་མགོན་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྡོ་རྗེ། མངོན་དགའི་ཞིང་དུ་སྣང་བ་རྡུལ་བྲེལ་སེམས་དཔའ། གངས་ཅན་ཕུལླ་རིར་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཀུན་དགའ་དཔལ་འབྱོར། བྱ་ཡུལ་གོང་མའི་སྲས་སུ་འཇམ་དབྱངས་ཆོས་ཀྱི་གྲགས་པ། ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཀོང་པོའི་ཡུལ་དུ་ཀུན་མཁྱེན་པདྨ་དཀར་པོ་བཅས་ སྐུ་ཕྲེང་རིམ་གྱིས་བྱོན་པའི་མཐའ་མ། ཆོས་སྲིད་ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་མངའ་བདག་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བ་བྱོན་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གདུང་རབས་ དྲི་མ་མེད་པ་ལས་བྱོན་པའི་ ཡབ་མི་ཕམ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་དང་། ཡུམ་རྡོེ་བཙུན་མོ་བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་གྱི་བུ་ཁྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་སུ་ རྣམ་པ་ཉི་ཤུ་གི་མངོན་པར་བྱང་ཆུབ་སྟེ་ ཐམས་ཅད་མཁྱེན་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་མངའ་བའི་སྐུ་སྦེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༥༩༤ རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་པའི་རྒྱལ་བ་ཤིང་རྟའི་ཆུ་ཟླ་དཀར་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་དགའ་བ་གསུམ་པའི་ཉིནམ་ལུ་ ངོ་མཚར་བའི་ལྟས་དང་བཅས་ ཆོས་ཉིད་རྣམ་དག་གི་གསུང་སྔགས་སྒྲོག་སྟེ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ཡབ་མེས་ཀྱི་མཚན་ལས་གྲས་ཏེ་ མི་ཕམ་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྡོེ་ཟེར་མཚན་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ཉིན་རིམ་བཞིན་ཚེས་པའི་ཟླ་བ་ཆ་ཤས་རྫོགས་ཏེ་ ཐ་ན་སྤྱན་གྱིས་གཟིགས་སྟངས་ཚུན་ཚོད་བྱིས་་པའི་སྤྱོད་ཚུལ་མི་མངའ་བར་ ཞི་དུལ་དེས་པའི་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་དམ་པའི་ཚུལ་ལུ་གནསཔ་ཨིན་མས། དགུང་གྲངས་ཞེ་ལྔ་དེ་ཅིག་ལས་བྲི་ཀློག་མཁྱེནམ་མ་ཚད་ ཁ་ཐུན་ཚུ་ཡང་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་མཁྱེནམ་ཨིན་མས། མཚན་མོ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་དང་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་གིས་ཕུལ་བའི་ འབྲས་དཀར་མོའི་རུ་མ་ལྗགས་འོག་ལས་ཐོན་པ་ཡང་ཡང་བྱུང་བ་དང་། དུད་སོལ་མའི་གཏོར་འབུལ་གནང་བའི་སྐབས་ གཏོརམ་ལས་མེ་བྱུང་བ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རྟགས་དང་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་བཟང་པོ་མངོན་དུ་གྱུར། དགུང་གྲངས་བརྒྱད་ལུ་མི་ཕམ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྤྱན་སྔར་ གཙུག་ཕུད་ཕུལ་ཏེ་དགེ་བསྙེན་གྱི་སྡོམ་པ་བཞེས། དེ་ལས་བཟུང་ཡབ་མེས་གཉིས་དང་ཡོངས་འཛིན་ལྷའི་མཚན་ཅན་སོགས་ལས་ ཐུན་མོང་ཐུན་མིན་མདོ་སྔགས་རིག་གནས་དང་བཅས་པའི་ བཤད་པ་དང་སྨིན་གྲོལ་གདམས་ངག་དང་། ཁྱད་པར་ཤིན་ཏུ་ཐུན་མོང་རང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་བདུད་རྩི་བཞེས་ཏེ་ མཁས་གྲུབ་མངའ་བའི་བདག་པོར་གྱུར་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དགུང་གྲངས་བཅུ་གསུམ་བཞེས་པའི་མེ་རྟ་ལུ་ གདན་ས་ར་ལུང་ལུ་གནད་འཛིན་པའི་དར་འགན་བཞེས་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ ཕྱི་ལྟར་སྣང་འབྲུག་པ་ནང་ཚན་གྱི་རྩོད་གཞི་དང་། གཙང་པའི་སྡེ་གཟར་ལྟར་དུ་སྣང་རུང་། ནང་དོན་དུ་འབྲུག་པའི་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་སྲུང་མ་དམ་ཅན་ཚུ་གིས་ ཁ་བཞི་ལྷོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གདུལ་བྱའི་ཞིང་དུ་ཕུལཝ་མ་ཚད སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ལུང་བསྟན་དུས་སུ་བབས་ལས་ དམ་ཅན་བཀའ་སྲུང་རྣམས་དང་ འོབས་མཚོ་པའི་དམག་དཔུང་གིས་བསུས་ཏེ་ ཙྡན་ནགས་མའི་ལྗོངས་སུ་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག། དང་པ་མགར་ས་དང་དེ་ལས་གང་བུ་གངས་དང་སྨན་རྩེ་འབྲོག་ཡུལ་བརྒྱུད་དེ་སྤང་རི་ཟམ་པ་ལུ་བྱོན། བདེ་ཆེན་ཕུག་བརྒྱུད་དེ་སྤ་གྲོ་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ གོང་མའི་གདན་ས་འབྲུག་ཆོས་སྡིངས་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ གཙང་པའི་དམག་དཔུང་འོང་རུང་ བླ་མའི་རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་དང་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་གི་མཐུ་སྟོབས་ལས་ཕ་རོལ་པོའི་མིག་ཁར་ མཐོང་སྣང་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་མཐོངམ་ལས་ གཙང་པའི་དམག་གིས་གླགས་མ་ཁེལ་བས།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་ཝང་དམག་གིས་བསུས་ཏེ་ལོག་སྟེ་ར་སྤང་རི་ཟམ་པ་དང་ སྐབས་ཅིག་ཤར་ལུ་བཞུགས་ནུག། དེ་སྐབས་ཕ་ཇོའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ཚེ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་དང་ སྔོན་མའི་སྨོན་ལམ་དབང་གིས་བླ་སློབ་ལོག་སྟེ་ར་འཛོམས་ཏེ་ རྟ་མགོའི་གདན་ས་གྲྭ་འབངས་དང་བཅས་པ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་རྟ་མགོ་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག། དེ་ཁར་སྡེ་སྲིད་གཙང་པ་འཁོར་དང་བཅས་པའི་བསམ་སྦྱོར་ངན་པའི་རླབས་རྩུབ་བསྒྲལ་བའི་སྒྲུབ་རྟགས་ཡ་མཚན་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཚུ་ དེ་ཁའི་མི་ག་ར་གིས་མཐོང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ལྷ་འདྲེ་མི་གསུམ་དབང་དུ་འདུས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན་ལུ་སྲུང་མའི་ཚོགས་ལུ་གཏང་རག་རྒྱས་པ་མཛད་གནང་སྟེ། ལུགས་གཉིས་འཁོར་ལོ་སྒྱུར་བ་ང་། །ང་ནི་ཀུན་གྱི་སྐྱབས་སུ་བཟང་།།ཟེར་བའི་བཀའ་ཐམ་ང་ཡིག་བཅུ་དྲུག་མ་གྲགས་པའི་ སེང་གེའི་ང་རོ་ཕྱོགས་བཅུ་ཐམས་ཅད་ལུ་ཁྱབ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་དགུང་གྲངས་ཉེར་དྲུག་བཞེས་པའི་ས་ལུག་ལུ་ ཡབ་བོད་ལུ་གཤགསཔ་ལས་ སྐུ་གདུང་རིང་བསྲེལ་གསང་བའི་ཐོག་ལུ་ གདན་དྲངས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་རྟ་མགྲིན་རང་བྱོན་གྱི་ཁོང་གསེང་བར་མའི་ནང་བཞུགས་འབུལ་མཛད་ནུག། གདུང་རྟེན་བཞུགས་པའི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་སྦེ་ དགུང་གྲངས་ཉེར་བདུན་བཞེས་པའི་ལྕགས་སྤྲེལ་ལུ་ ལྕགས་རི་རྡོེ་གདན་གྱི་ཆོས་སྡེ་ཆེན་མོ་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། བལ་ཡུལ་ལས་བཟོ་བོ་བཀུག་སྟེ་ བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཡང་བཙུགསཔ་མ་ཚད་ བདུད་འདུལ་མཆོད་རྟེན་ཐོག་ཚད་གཉིས་མ་ཡང་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དགུང་གྲངས་ཉེར་བརྒྱད་པ་ལྕགས་བྱ་ལུ་ གདུང་རྟེན་དངུལ་འབུམ་ཆེན་མོ་གྲུབ་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན་ལུ་ བསྟན་པའི་སྡེ་རྩ་དགེ་འདུན་སུམ་བཅུའི་ཆོས་གྲྭ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། དེའི་སྐབས་ཡོངས་འཛིན་ལྷའི་མཚན་ཅན་ཡང་སྤྱན་དྲངས་ཏེ་ ལྕགས་རིའི་གདན་ས་ལུ་བཞུགས་སུ་གསོལ་ནུག། དགུང་གྲངས་སུམ་བཅུ་བཞེསཔ་ད་ལྕགས་རི་ལུ་ མེ་ཏོག་བཅུད་ལེན་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཐུགས་དམ་འོད་གསལ་གྱི་ངང་ལུ་འདག་སྦྱར་ལོ་གསུམ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ རྟགས་བཅུ་ཡོན་ཏན་བརྒྱད་སོགས་གཟིགས་པའི་མཐའ་མ་ལུ བླ་མ་ལྷ་དང་སྲུང་མའི་ལུང་གིས་བསྐུལ་ཏེ་ ཐུགས་དམ་ལས་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་དགུང་གྲངས་སོ་བཞི་པ་རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༡ པ་ཚེས་པའི་མེ་ཡོས་ ལུགས་གཉིས་གསེར་གྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་བསྒྱུར་དགོ་པའི་ལུང་བསྟན་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ ལྗོངས་འདིའི་ལྷ་སྲིན་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་ཡོངས་ལུ་ རྡོེ་གསུང་གིས་བདེན་ཚིག་བཀའ་བརྩལ་བའི་ཚེ་ དེ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ཡང་འཕྲིན་ལས་ཀྱི་སྟོངས་གྲོགས་མཛད་ནིའི་ཁས་བླངས་མཛད་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་དགུང་གྲངས་སོ་དྲུག་བཞེས་པའི་ཚེ་ སྲིན་མོ་རྡོ་ཁར་གསང་སྔགས་ཟབ་དོན་ཕོ་བྲང་ཆེན་མོའི་རྨང་བཏིང་སྟེ་ འགྲོ་དོན་འཕྲིན་ལས་འཕེལ་བའི་ཚེ་ སྔར་ལས་ཡོད་པའི་བླམ་ཁག་ལྔ་ཚུ་མ་རངས་པར་ གནོདཔ་བཀལ་ནའི་འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམ་རུང་ གནམ་སྟོང་པའི་ནང་གྱི་གཡུག་དོ་བཟུམ་ ག་ནི་ཡང་འབད་བའི་ཐབས་མ་བྱུངམ་མ་ཚད་ བོད་ཀྱི་དམག་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་འོང་རུང་ རྩ་ལས་ར་གླགས་མ་ཁེལ་བས།&lt;br&gt;
དགུང་གྲངས་བཞི་བཅུ་བཞེསཔ་ད་ གདན་ས་ལྕགས་རི་ལུ་ ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགས་པའི་ཡོངས་འཛིན་ལྷ་བློའི་དྲུང་ལས་ དམ་ཆོས་འདུལ་བའི་བསླབ་ཚིགས་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་སྦེ་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་རིམ་གྱིས་འབྲུག་པའི་སྲོག་རྫོང་སྤུངས་ཐང་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པའི་ཕོ་བྲང་སོགས་བཞེངས། ལྷོ་མོན་ཁ་བཞི་གཅིག་ཏུ་བསྡུས་ཏེ་ ཆོས་སྲིད་གདུགས་དཀར་གཅིག་གིས་ད་ལྟའི་བར་ ཕན་བདེའི་གྲིབ་བསིལ་དགུང་ལས་མ་གཡོ་བར་ འགྲོ་རྣམས་བདེ་བར་འཚོ་བའི་བཀའ་དྲིན་བླ་ན་མེདཔ་མཛད་དེ་ མི་བསྲུན་ཀླ་ཀློ་གིས་གང་བའི་ ལྷོ་རོང་འདི་གསང་ཆེན་འོག་མིན་དང་མཚུངས་པའི་གླིང་དུ་བསྒྱུར་གནང་བའི་ཚེ་ རྒྱ་གར་བལ་བོད་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་བློན་བླ་ཆེན་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཐའ་དབུས་སོ་སོ་ལས་ འབུལ་ཚན་དགུང་དུ་བཏེགས་ཏེ་བཀྲིས་ལེགས་སོ་ཕུལ་བར་འཛོམས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་དགུང་གྲངས་ལྔ་བཅུ་ང་བརྒྱད་པ རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་གཅིག་པའི་ལྕགས་ཡོས་ ཧོར་ཟླ་གསུམ་པའི་ཚེས་བཅུ་ཐམ་ལུ་ ཆོས་དང་སྲིད་རྗེ་དང་སྡེ་སྲིད་གཉིས་ལུ་སྤྲོད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་དབང་པདྨ་ཀ་རའི་ལུང་བཞིན་དགོས་འབྲོལ་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ལུ་དགོངས་ཏེ་ གཟིམ་སྒོ་རྡོེའི་གླེགས་བུ་བསྡམས་ཏེ་ ཐུགས་དམ་འོད་གསལ་ཆོས་སྐུའི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་ལུ་བཞུགས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# དགེ་འདུན་རིན་ཆེན། (2017) ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ནགས་་མོའི་ལྗོངས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་འབྱུང་། གཞུང་དགྲྭ་ཚང་། ཐིམ་ཕུག།</text>
      <sha1>dh7yvtofzd8rd4z0tzy3hdzpk68ztav</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ངན་ལྷད་ཀྱི་སྐོར།</title>
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      <comment>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/AljaWiki290702|AljaWiki290702]] ([[User talk:AljaWiki290702|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:Rpel|Rpel]]</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10236" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ངན་ལྷད་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ཆེ་བ་གོངམ་དང་གཡོག་གི་བར་ན་དང་། དམའ་བ་མི་སེར་དཀྱུས་མ་ལས་སྒོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ འཐོབ་ཤོར་དང་ བརྙ་བསྐྱི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ གཡོ་སྒྱུ་དང་མགུ་སྐོར་གྱི་ལཱ་འབྱུང་མི་འདི་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན།  དེ་ཡང་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་ཡོད་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་འབྱུང་སྲིད་ནི་ཨིན་མས། 
ངན་ལྷད་འདི་ དང་པ་ར་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་མེདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ མི་སེར་གྱི་དཀའ་སྡུག་ཚུ་ ག་ལུ་ཡང་བཤད་སའི་ས་གོ་མེདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞན་ག་གིས་ཡང་ ཧ་གོ་མ་ཚུགསཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་འབྱུངམ་ཨིན་མས། གཉིས་པ་ ངན་ལྷད་འདི་ཤེས་རིག་གི་སྤུས་ཚད་མེདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ བཟང་ངན་དང་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་ཚུ་འབྱུང་ནི་ཨིནམ་མ་ཤེསཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་འབྱུངམ་ཨིན་མས། གསུམ་པ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་གནས་སྟངས་སྐྱོ་དྲགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ངན་ལྷད་ཚུ་འབྱུངམ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (IntechOpen, 2018)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ངན་ལྷད་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་བར་ན་བློ་གཏད་དང་ཡིད་ཆེས་ཚུ་མར་ཉམས། གོངམ་དང་གཡོག་གི་བར་ན་ཐ་དམ་ཚིག་དང་ལས་རྒྱུ་འབྲས་ལུ་བརྩི་མཐོང་མེད། གོངམ་གིས་མཉམ་ཆུང་ལུ་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་སྙོམ་མ་ཚུགས་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་  རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ནད་ཡམས་མུ་གེ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཐོན་ཏེ་ ཞི་བདེ་དང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་མེད་པར་འཛིང་འཁྲུག་ལང་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་སྦོམ་ར་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་ལུ་གཅིག་མཐུན་དང་གཅིག་སྒྲིལ་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ དཀའ་ངལ་འབྱུང་སྲིད་ནི་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (Transparancy International, n.d.)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དེ་མ་ཚད་ མགུ་སྐོར་དང་གཡོ་སྒྱུ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ལཱ་ ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ དེ་ལུ་སྤུས་ཚད་ལེགས་ཤོམ་མེད་པའི་གདོང་ལེན་འབྱུང་ནི་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་འགྱུར་བ་ཚུ་ཡང་མགྱོགས་པར་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ལཱ་ཁག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་གནས་སྟངས་སྐྱོ་དྲགས་སྦེ་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ མི་སྡེ་འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་དཀའ་ངལ་འབྱུང་འོང་། དེ་གིས་སྦེ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དབུལ་ཕོངས་དཀའ་ངལ་བསལ་ནི་ལུ་གདོང་ལེན་སྦོམ་འབྱུང་འོང་།&lt;/big&gt; (Anti-corruption help desk, 2010)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ང་བཅས་ར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ངན་ལྷད་མར་ཕབ་གཏང་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་བཟུམ་ར་འབད་རུང་ དྭངས་གསལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་འབད་དགོཔ་མ་ཚད་ གཞུང་གིས་ངན་ལྷད་རྩ་མེད་གཏང་ནིའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ལམ་ལུགས་རྩམ་མི་ལུ་ མི་སེར་གྱིས་ངོས་ལེན་དང་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་དགོ། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་མ་འོངས་བུ་བརྒྱུད་ཚུ་ལུ་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལས་དཔེ་ཆ་ལྷབ་སྟེ་འོང་པའི་སྐབས་ལས་ར་ སློབ་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་ངན་ལྷད་ལུ་བརྟེན་པའི་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་ཚུ་ག་དེ་སྦེ་ར་འབྱུངམ་ཨིན་ན་ གོ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་པ་ཅིན་ དེ་གིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ངན་ལྷད་མར་ཕབ་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ཁེ་ཕན་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་འབྱུང་ཚུགས་ཟེར་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt; (60 years crime congress, 2019)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;སྔོན་བྱོན་གོང་མ་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་། མཛུབ་མོ་རིང་ཐུང་མི་སྙོམས། །སྐྱིད་སྡུག་གོང་མས་མི་སྙོམས། ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག་ ལགཔ་གི་མཛུབ་མོ་སྙོམས་ཏོག་ཏོ་མེད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འགྲོ་བ་མི་ལུ་ཡང་མ་དག་པའི་སེམས་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་པའི་རིང་ལུ་མི་ཆེ་འབྲིང་ཆུང་གསུམ་ལུ་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་གནང་ཐངས་ཡང་ལྷམ་པ་མ་འདྲཝ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཨིན་རུང་ ང་བཅས་ཀྱིས་སེམས་དྲན་པ་དང་ཤེས་བཞིན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ ལཱ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ དེའི་གདོང་ལེན་འདི་ ང་བཅས་ཀྱིས་འབད་ཚུགས་ར་ཚུགས་ནི་ཨིན་པས། &lt;br&gt;
སྔོན་བྱོན་མཁས་པ་ཚུ་གིས། སྦལཔ་མངན་སྟག་ཡང་གསད། ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་དོ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ང་བཅས་ག་ར་གི་མནོ་བསམ་ ངན་ལྷད་རྩ་མེད་གཏང་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་པ་ཅིན་ འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པའི་དཔེ་མི་སྲིད། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་ ངན་ལྷད་འདི་དར་ཁྱབ་མ་འགྱོཝ་ལས་ར་ སྔོན་འགོག་གི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་མཛད་དགོཔ་གལ་ཆེ། གལ་སྲིད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ངན་ལྷད་འདི་ལུ་ཤུགས་ཐལ་སོ་པ་ཅིན་ མ་འོངས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ དེ་གིས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་དང་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ལུ་གནོད་པའི་ཉེན་ཁ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་གཡོ་སྒྱུ་དང་མགུ་སྐོར་ལ་སོགས་པ་ ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ ཇི་སྲིད་བསྐལ་པ་མ་སྟོང་གི་བར་དུ་ གངས་བར་ནང་གི་ཆུ་འཐུང་ སྤྲིན་བར་ནང་གི་ཉིམ་བསྲོ་སྟེ་ དབུ་ཁྲིད་བཟང་པོའི་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་དགའ་བའི་བྲོ་འཁྲབ་སྐྱིད་པའི་གླུ་ལེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་དགོ་པ་ཅིན་ ངན་པའི་གཡོ་སྒྱུ་དང་མགུ་སྐོར་ཚུ་སྤང་དགོཔ་གལ་ཆེཝ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# 60 years crime congress. (2019, 09 04). promoting culture of lawfulness. Retrieved 11 01, 2021, from effects of crime: https://www.unodc.org/e4j/en/anti-corruption/module
# Anti-corruption help desk. (2010, 03 05). Impact of corruption. Retrieved 11 01, 2021, from Anti-corruption help desk:
# https://www.transparency.org/files/content/corruptionqas
# IntechOpen. (2018, 02 21). What causes corruption. Retrieved 10 31, 2021, from Corruption, causes and consequences: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/58969
# Transparancy Internatioinal. (n.d.). Corruption. Retrieved 11 1, 2021, from What is corruption?: https://www.transparency.org/en/what-is-corruption</text>
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    <title>ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉   ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ལོ་ངོ་ ༡༥ ལང་མི་ཡན་ཆད་ཀྱི་་མི་ངོམ་ཚུ་ལཱ་གཡོག་དང་མ་ལྡན་པར་ ལཱ་གཡོག་འཚོལ་ཏེ་བདུན་ཕྲག་བཞི་ལང་མི་ལུ་གོ་ནི་ཨིན། ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="11386" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉   ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ ལོ་ངོ་ ༡༥ ལང་མི་ཡན་ཆད་ཀྱི་་མི་ངོམ་ཚུ་ལཱ་གཡོག་དང་མ་ལྡན་པར་ ལཱ་གཡོག་འཚོལ་ཏེ་བདུན་ཕྲག་བཞི་ལང་མི་ལུ་གོ་ནི་ཨིན། ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་འདི་ སྤྱིར་འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ག་ཏེ་ལུ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་བཞིན་དུ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ གནས་སྟངས་འདི་གདོང་ལེན་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༩ ལོའི་སྙན་ཞུ་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ན་གཞོན་ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་མི་གི་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༡༡.༩ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོད་མི་ལུ་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ གཞན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་ཕྱེདཔ་ད་ཉུང་ཤོས་ཅིག་སྦེ་རྩིཝ་ཨིན་མས། ཨིན་རུང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་མི་སྟོབས་ཆུང་བའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ སེམས་ཁར་ཚ་གྱང་འཐེབ་ཅིག་ར་འབག་དགོཔ་འདུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Yangchen, 2017) &lt;big&gt;དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༠ གི་ལོ་ནང་ལུ་ ཧེ་མའི་ལོ་ལས་ལོག་ལྟབ་ཀྱི་ཡར་སེང་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ད་ལྟོ་ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ན་གཞོན་ ༦༩༢༢ དེ་ཅིག་ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པར་ ཁྲོམ་ཚོགས་དང་ཡིག་ཚང་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ག་ཐོབ་རྐྱབ་སར་མཐོངམ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་སྦེ་ ལོ་ངོ་གཅིག་གི་ནང་ཁོད་ལུ་ ན་གཞོན་ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ཡར་སེང་སོང་ཡོད་པའི་གནད་དོན་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཀུན་ལུ་ཁྱབ་པའི་ནད་ཡམས་ཀོ་ཝིཊ་ ༡༩ ལས་བརྟེན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ སྒེར་སྡེ་ཁག་གི་ལཱ་གཡོག་འཐོན་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་ཆ་མཉམ་སྒོ་བསྡམ་དགོཔ་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ལཱ་འབད་བར་སོང་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ ནད་ཡམས་ལས་བརྟེན་ལོག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལྷོད་པའི་བསྒང་ལས་ དེ་གི་ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་འདི་ཡར་སེང་གཏངམ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ འབྲུག་ལྟ་བཤལ་ཚོགས་པ་ནང་ལཱ་འབད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ཤུགས་སྦེ་ར་གནོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ནད་ཡམས་ལས་བསྲུང་སྐྱོབས་འབད་ཐབས་ལུ་དམིགས་ཏེ་ ལྟ་བཤལཔ་ཚུ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འོང་ནི་ལས་བཀག་ཆ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ལཱ་གཡོག་སོ་སོ་འཐོབ་ནི་གི་ས་ཁོངས་མེད་པར་ སྡོད་ས་ཁྲོམ་ཁར་ལུ་དང་བཟའ་ཚང་སྐྱོང་ནི་ཡོད་པའི་མི་ངོམ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ལུ་ སྐྱིད་སྡུག་ཚད་མེདཔ་ཅིག་མྱོང་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཨིན་རུང་ བཀའ་དྲིན་ཆེ་བའི་དྲིན་ཅན་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མཆོག་གིས་ མི་སེར་གྱི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ཐུགས་བསམ་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ རང་དོན་རྒྱབ་ལུ་བསྐྱུར་ཏེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཁོ་རའི་བང་མཛོད་ལས་ མི་སེར་ལཱ་གཡོག་འབྱང་མི་ཆ་མཉམ་ལུ་ ཟླ་རིམ་བཞིན་དུ་སྟོང་ཕྲག་བརྒྱད་རེ་གནང་བཞིན་པ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་ལུ་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ ང་བཅས་མི་སེར་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ཡང་ མནོ་བསམ་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་ར་གཏང་དགོཔ་འདུག།&lt;br&gt;
ན་གཞོན་ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་འདི་ གྲོང་གསེབ་དང་ཕྱདཔ་ད་ལོག་ལྟབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲོམ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ས་ཁོངས་ཚུ་ནང་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ ༢༠༢༠ གི་སྙན་ཞུ་དང་འཁྲིལཝ་ད་ གྲོང་གསེབ་ལུ་སྡོད་མི་ན་གཞོན་ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༡༥.༡ དང་ ཁྲོམ་ཚོགས་ལུ་ ༣༣.༣ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེའི་ནང་དོན་ཉིད་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཁྲོམ་འདི་ ན་གཞོན་ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་ཡོད་མི་ཐོ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ར་སྤ་རོ་ པད་མ་དཀའ་ཚལ་ གསར་སྤང་ ད་དཀར་ན་ ཆུ་ཁ་དང་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཁྲོམ་ནང་ལུ་ དེ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་དཀའ་ངལ་ཚུ་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཨིན་རུང་ མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་ཉུང་ཤོས་ཡོད་པའི་ཁྲོམ་ཚོགས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ལས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ༥.༣ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ལས་ ཨམ་སྲུ་དང་ཕོ་སྐྱེས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ཡང་ ཕོ་སྐྱེས་དང་ཕྱདཔ་ད་ཨམ་སྲུ་མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པར་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོད་པའི་སྙན་ཞུ་འདུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Labour Force survey Report Bhutan, 2020) &lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལས་མི་གི་བརྟག་ཞིབ་སྙན་ཞུ་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ གཙུག་ལག་གཞི་རིམ་ཤེས་ཚད་མཐར་འཁྱོལ་མི་ འབྲིང་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་གོང་མའི་ཤེས་ཚད་ལྡན་མི་དང་ དེ་ལས་ གཙུག་ལག་འོག་མའི་ཤེས་ཚད་ལག་ཁྱེར་ལྡན་མི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་དཀའ་ངལ་སྦོམ་ར་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་ག་ཅི་ལས་བརྟེན་འབྱུངམ་ཨིན་ན་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ ལཱ་གཡོག་འབད་ནི་ཨིན་པའི་ལས་སྡེ་ནང་ རང་ར་སོ་སོའི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་དང་རིག་རྩལ་ཡོད་མི་དང་མ་མཐུན་པར་ དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པར་ལུས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེང་སང་གི་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ ན་གཞོན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ལཱ་གཡོག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་དུས་རྒྱུན་མྱོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ལས་སྡེ་ཁག་གི་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུནི་ལཱ་འབད་མི་འོས་འབབ་དང་ལྡན་མི་ཅིག་མ་ཐོབ་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་ལེ་ཤ་ར་འབྱུང་སར་མཐོངམ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ དཀའ་ངལ་འདི་སེལ་ཐབས་ལུ་ གཞུང་གི་ཤེས་རིག་དང་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ལས་རིམ་སྣ་ཚོགས་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་དང་རིག་རྩལ་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་བཟོ་ཚུགས་པ་ཅིན་ དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་ལས་རིམ་གྱིས་ མ་འོངས་པའི་ནང་རིག་རྩལ་དང་ལཱ་གཡོག་གི་བར་ན་ས་སྟོང་འབྱུང་མི་ཚུ་ བསལ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཐབས་ཤེས་བཟང་པོ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (Peace Child International, 2015)
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Labour Force survey Report Bhutan. (2020). Unemployment rate. Retrieved from Survey Report: http://www.nsb.gov.bt
# Peace Child International. (2015, 09 09). Causes of unemployment. Retrieved from Youth unemployment causes and solutions: http://www.peacechild.org
# Yangchen, T. (2017). Unemployment in Bhutan. Retrieved from Determinants of youth unemployment in Bhutan: http;//www.archives.kdischool.ac.kr</text>
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      <text bytes="14816" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ མི་སྟོབས་དང་རྒྱུ་སྟོབས་ཆུང་བའི་ཁར་ རྒྱ་ཚད་ཡང་ག་ཅི་འདེ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཡོད་རུང་ འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་དར་་གནམ་ཁར་ཕྱར་ཏེ་ ག་ཅི་འདེ་དགའ་ཏོག་ཏོ་དང་སྐྱིད་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་ རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་གྱི་ཁུར་ཆ་འབག་སྡོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཕྱི་ལས་ག་ནི་བ་མཛེས་པའི་གངས་རི་གིས་བསྐོར་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ནང་ན་སྔོ་ལྗང་ལྡན་པའི་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་དང་ རིགས་སྣ་ཚང་བའི་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་དེ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཛེས་པའི་རྒྱན་ཆའི་རྟགས་སྟོནམ་ཨིནམ་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཀུན་གྱིས་མཐོང་ཚུལ་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གནམ་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༠ ལས་ཚུར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ལོ་ལྔའི་འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམ་ནི་ཚུ་ཡང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དུས་ཡུན་རིངམོ་གྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ དགོས་འདོད་དང་དགོས་དོན་སྣ་ཚོགས་འབྱུང་མི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གིས་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་ཚུ་ཡང་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (Kinley Dorji, 1991, P3).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་དེ་ གཞན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་ཕྱདཔ་ད་ ག་ར་གི་་རྟིང་མ་ལུས་ཏེ་ཡོད་རུང་ མགྱོགས་དྲགས་སྦེ་ཡར་རྒྱས་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ད་རེས་ཀྱི་དུས་ལུ་ ཤེས་རིག་དང་ཐུགས་སྤྲོ་འབྱུང་སའི་ཡུལ་ཅིག་དང་། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་གོམ་སྤོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཡང་ ག་ཅི་འདེ་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་གིས་མ་དོ་བར་ འབྲུག་པའི་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་དགོས་དོན་གཞན་ཡང་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ལག་ལེན་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ མི་ཚུ་ལུ་བློ་གཏད་ཚུགས་པའི་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ལམ་ཅིག་དང་ མི་དམངས་ཞབས་ཏོག་གི་བརྒྱུད་ལམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་དགོས་དོན་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ འབྲུག་མི་རང་སོའི་ཐོབ་དབང་དེ་ངེས་བདེན་སྦེ་སྤྱོད་དེ་དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་དབང་ཆ་ཡར་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ ཕན་ཐོགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Lhamo T &amp; Oyama T, 2015).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ལུ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཟེར་བའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས། གསར་ཤོག། གློག་བརྙན་ཁང་། རྒྱང་མཐོང་དང་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་སླབ་ཨིན། བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ལམ་དེ་བཟུམ་ལག་ལེན་ཐོག་ལས་ ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་དང་ གཞན་དང་གཞན་ག་ར་  མ་འོངས་པའི་དགོས་དོན་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་བཞག་སྟེ་ མི་དམངས་ལུ་དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་ གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ཚུགས་ནི་དང་། ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ རང་སོའི་མཐའ་འཁོར་ལུ་ ག་ཅི་ར་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ན་གི་སྐོར་ལས་ མི་དམངས་ཀྱིས་ཤེས་ཚུགས་ནི་དེ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༥ གི་ནང་ཡང་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་དགོས་དོན་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཀོད་མི་དེ་ཡང་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཞིབ་དཔྱད་འབད་ནི། གནས་ཚུལ་དེ་གིས་ཕན་ཚུན་གྱི་འབྲེལ་བ་བལྟ་ནི། རང་སོའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཚུ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི། མི་དམངས་ལུ་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་སྤྲོ་བ་འབྱུང་བཅུག་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་བཀོད་དེ་འདུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Lhamo T &amp;Oyama T, 2015).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་རིམ་ལུགས་སྣ་ཚོགས་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་ལུ་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གྱི་གནས་ཚད་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ལུ་ གོ་བ་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི་དང་ ཤེས་ཡོན་སྤེལ་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ ཕན་ཐོགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷག་པར་དུ་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་དམངས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ བརྡ་དོན་སྤྲོད་ལེན་འབད་ནི་དང་ ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ཉམས་མྱོང་ཅན་གྱི་མི་ངོ་ཚུ་ལས་ ཡོན་ཏན་བརྗེ་སོར་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ ཕན་ཐོགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་དགོས་དོན་ངོ་མ་ར་ འབྲུག་པའི་གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་བར་ན་ ཟམ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་གི་འགན་ཁུར་འབག་སྟེ་ བཏུབ་མ་བཏུབ་ཚུ་གི་སྐོར་ལས་གོ་བ་སྤེལ་དགོཔ་དེ་ཡང་ཁག་ཆེ་ནི་དེ་གིས་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ཚོད་ཁར་ དཀའ་ངལ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་ ཁ་གསལ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ བརྡ་སྤྲོད་ནིའི་ལཱ་འགན་འབག་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Kinley Dorji&amp;SiokSian Pek, 2013, P82-83).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་གསར་ཤོག་དང་པ་ ཀུན་གསལ་དེ་གིས་ དོན་ཚན་མ་འདྲཝ་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་འབད་ནི། ཁྱབ་བསྒྲགས། ཚོང་བསྒྲགས། གསལ་བསྒྲགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ བྱིན་ནིའི་བརྒྱུད་ལམ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱིར་གཏང་ བརྡ་ལམ་དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ རང་སོའི་མཐའ་འཁོར་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ ག་ཅི་ར་འབྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ན་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་ཚར་བའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ལུ་བལྟ་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ལྟ་བྱ་མཐོང་བྱ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ལེ་ཤ་ར་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་ནི། གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་བར་ན་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནི། ཡོན་ཏན་བརྗེ་སེར་འབད་ནི། བཏུབ་མ་བཏུབ་ཀྱི་ལྟ་རྟོག་འབད་ནི་དང་ གཞུང་གི་སྲིད་བྱུས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྐོར་ལས་ ཧ་གོ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ནིའི་ དགོས་དོན་ཚུ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། (ཀུན་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོག། ༢༠༠༩)&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱོ་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ན་གཞོན་ཚོགས་པ་གིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བདུན་རིམ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་ཅིག་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོད་མི་དེ་གིས་ ཤུལ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དགོས་འདོད་དང་བསྟུན་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དེ་ ཡིད་ཆེས་བསྐྱེད་ཚུགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་དང་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་གི་མི་ མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ལུ་བརྡ་དོན་སྤྲོད་ལེན་འབད་ནི། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་བར་ན་ ལྟ་རྟོག་འབད་ནི།  གཞན་ཡང་ མ་འོངས་པའི་དོན་ལུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་སྦེ་ གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ཡང་བསགས་བཞག་ནིའི་འཕྲུལ་ཆས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (Lily Wangchuk. 2017, P72).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིགས་ དཔེར་ན་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་བཟུམ་ཅིག་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ དངོས་མཐོང་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ གོ་བ་སྤེལ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཆ་བཞག་ཚུགས་པའི་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་ར་འཐོབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ ཐུགས་སྤྲོའི་ལས་རིམ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ དངོས་སུ་མཐོང་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མི་ཚུ་གི་སེམས་ཁར་ སྤྲོ་བ་དང་དགའ་སྤྲོ་ཚད་མེདཔ་འབྱུང་བཅུག་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་རིམ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ངེས་པར་དུ་ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་གནས་ཚུལ་དང་ མི་མང་གསལ་བསྒྲགས་ཚུ་འཐོབ་ཚུགས་པའི་དགོས་པ་ཚུ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ མི་རང་སོའི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ ཐོས་བསམ་སྒོམ་གསུམ་གྱི་ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ རིག་པ་གསརཔ་འཐོབ་ནི་ལུ་ཡང་ ཕན་པ་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་ར་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ འཛམ་གླིང་འདི་ནང་གི་མི་ག་ར་གི་མི་ཚེ་ནང་ བྱ་བའི་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་འབད་རུང་ འཇམ་ཏོང་ཏོ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་འཕེལ། རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕུན་ཚོགས། (༢༠༠༩)འབྲུག་གི་ནོར་བུ། རྡོར་གླིང་གྲོས་ཚོགས།
# Dorji, K and Sian Pak, S. (2013).The Bhutanese Media: In the Services of the Public, Centre for Bhutan Studies, Thimphu.
# Dorji, K. (1991). The Media in Bhutan, Singapore, Asian Mass Communication Research &amp;Information Centre.
# Wangchuk, L. (2017). Facts about Bhutan the Land of Thunder Dragon, KMT Publishers.
# Lhamo, T&amp; Oyama, T (2015). The Role of Mass Media in Bhutan, Accessibility, Influence and its Impacts, Mass Communication Journalism 5: 266. doi:10.4172/2165-7912.1000266</text>
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    <title>འབྲུག་ལུ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་རིམ་འགྱུར།</title>
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        <id>8515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་རྒྱ་ཚད་ཆུང་བའི་ཁར་ ཧེ་མའི་དུས་ལུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ ས་བོན་ས་ཁར་བཙུགས་བཙུགསཔ་ར་མེད་པར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྟོབས་ཤུགས་དང་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་འབད་རུང་ ཧ་ཅ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="16712" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་རྒྱ་ཚད་ཆུང་བའི་ཁར་ ཧེ་མའི་དུས་ལུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ ས་བོན་ས་ཁར་བཙུགས་བཙུགསཔ་ར་མེད་པར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྟོབས་ཤུགས་དང་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་འབད་རུང་ ཧ་ཅང་གི་ཆུང་ཀུ་སྡོད་ནུག། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མུན་པ་གནག་དུང་དང་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་  གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ རིམ་གྱིས་འབག་འོང་སྟེ་ དཀར་པོའི་མདངས་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ འོད་ཤར་བའི་གོ་སྐབས་བྱུང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༠ ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དེ་ཡང་ ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་སྟེ་ མཐུན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་སྒོ་ཕྱེ་ནི་ཡང་ འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཉིན་བསྟར་བཞིན་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ གོམ་པ་བདུན་དུ་སྤོ་ནུག། ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་སྣ་གི་ སོན་བཙུགས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ མི་ལོ་ ༡༠ དེ་ཅིག་གི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་སྣ་ཚོགས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་ ཀུན་གསལ་གསར་ཤོག་དང་ གཞན་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ཡང་ བཙུགས་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Kinley Dorji, 1991, P3).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ལུ་དགོ་འདོད་དང་བསྟུན་ དེང་སང་གི་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་རིམ་ལུགས་འགོ་དང་པ་ར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༧ ལུ་ ཀུན་གསལ་གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ ཟླ་ངོ་གཅིག་ནང་གཞུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ཚར་གཉིས་རེ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་འབད་སློལ་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གསར་ཤོག་སྦེ་ ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་དེ་ བདུན་རིམ་བཞིན་དུ་ ཚར་རེ་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ཚུན་གྱི་བར་ན་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ འབྲི་ལྷག་ཤེས་མི་ མི་ངོ་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ གནས་ཚུལ་འཐོབ་ཡུལ་ ཤོག་གྲངས་ ༢༠ འབད་མི་གསར་ཤོག་ཀུན་གསལ་ གཅིག་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མ་གཏོགས་ གཞན་མ་སྡོད་པས། གསར་ཤོག་དེ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཁ་སྐད་ རྫོང་ཁ་ དེ་ལས་གཞན་ཁ་སྐད་ ཨིང་སྐད་དང་ ལྷོ་མཚམས་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ གནས་ཚུལ་བསྡུ་ལེན་འབད་དེ་ དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་སྲོལ་འདུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Kinley Dorji, 1991).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱོ་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ན་གཞོན་ཚོགས་པ་གིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་བདུན་རིམ་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ཀྱི་ རིམ་ལུགས་ཅིག་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ དགོས་འདོད་དང་བསྟུན་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་དེ་ དུས་རིམ་བཞིན་དུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་འགྱུར་བ་འབག་འོང་སྟེ་ བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་དབང་ཆ་འབག་སྟེ་ ག་ཅི་དེ་སྟབས་བདེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་གི་ རིམ་ལུགས་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ མིང་ཡང་འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་ཟེར་ བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དེ་ ཡིད་ཆེས་བསྐྱེད་ཚུགས་པའི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་ཅིག་ལུ་འགྱུར་ནི་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ མི་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ལུ་ ཕན་ཐོགས་སྦོམ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (Lily Wangchuk. 2017, P72).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ལྷག་པར་དུ་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༡ ལུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༤༥ བཞེས་བའི་དུས་སྟོན་དང་འབྲེལ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱིས་ ཧེ་མ་བདུན་ཕྲག་གཅིག་ནང་ དུས་ཡུན་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༤༢ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་འབད་སྲོལ་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༦༠ ལུ་ཡར་སེང་འབད་དེ་ ཉིན་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་ ཁ་སྐད་བཞི་ རྫོང་ཁ་ ཨིང་སྐད་ ཚང་ལ་ལོ་དང་ ལྷོ་མཚམས་ཁ་སྐད་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཐོག་ དུས་རིམ་བཞིན་དུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་རྫོང་ཁག་ཉི་ཤུ་གེ་རའི་ནང་ ཁྱབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ནུག། རྒྱུ་མཚན་དེ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སེར་གཅིག་ཡང་རྒྱབ་ཁར་མ་ལུས་པར་ ཁ་སྐད་མ་འདྲཝ་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་རིམ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྱོད་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཐོབ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Phuntsho Rabten, n.d, P176).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་ རྙིང་ཤོས་ར་གློག་བརྙན་ཁང་ཚུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་མི་དེ་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ གློག་བརྙན་ཁང་འགོ་དང་པ་དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༠ ལོའི་ནང་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་ལུ་སྦེ་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༢ ལུ་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་ དེ་ལས་དགེ་ལེགས་ཕུག་དང་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་ གློག་བརྙན་ཚུ་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་སོང་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་གློག་བརྙན་ཁང་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ནང་ སྟོན་སྲོལ་ཡང་སྡོད་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དུས་རིམ་བཞིན་དུ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཡར་རྒྱས་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་བའི་རྟགས་མཚན་ལུ་ བརྙན་འཁོར་དཔེ་མཛོད་ཚུ་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ནང་ འབྲུག་ལུ་དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་ ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྲོད་མི་ ༡༦༠ དེ་ཅིག་སྡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ ༦༠ དེ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་རྒྱང་མཐོང་ལས་རིམ་དང་ དངོས་མཐོང་གློག་བརྙན་ཚུ་ཡང་ འགོ་ཐོག་བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྟེ་བའི་ནང་ལས་ བཟོ་སྐྲུན་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ཤུལ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༨ ལུ་ སྒེར་གྱི་གློག་བརྙན་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་ཁང་ ཨེ་བཱི་ཚོང་སྡེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་གློག་བརྙན་མགར་ས་བླ་མའི་སེང་གེ་ཟེར་མི་ འགོ་ཐོག་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གློག་བརྙན་ཚོགས་པ་ཟེར་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཡོངས་གྲགས་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Phuntsho Rabten, n.d, P176). &lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ལུ་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་རིམ་ལུགས་ཡང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་ནང་ འགྱུར་བ་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་འབག་འོང་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་དེ་བསྒང་འབྲུག་མི་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་རྒྱང་མཐོང་རིམ་ལུགས་ཚུ་གི་ ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྱོད་སྡོད་ནི་དེ་གིས་ འབྲུག་ལུ་རྒྱང་མཐོང་དེ་གསརཔ་ཅིག་མེན་པས། དེ་ནང་འབྲུག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལས་འཛིན་གྱི་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་ལས་རིམ་དུས་ཡུན་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༡ དེ་ཅིག་ རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་སྡོད་ཡོད་རུང་ གཞན་རྒྱང་མཐོང་རྒྱུན་ཐག་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་ནི་དེ་གིས་ དེ་ནང་ལས་གཞན་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་ཡང་སྟོན་སྲོལ་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་གི་རྒྱུན་ལམ་ ༤༠ ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་སྟོན་སྲོལ་འདུག།&lt;/big&gt; (Phuntsho Rabten, n.d, P176).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ རྒྱང་མཐོང་གི་རིམ་ལུགས་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་སྐབས་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་དེ་བསྒང་རིམ་ལུགས་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་མི་ མང་ཤོས་ར་འབྲི་ལྷག་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཡོད་མི་དང་ ཡིག་ཚང་ནང་འགྱོ་མི་ དེ་ལས་ ཁྲོམ་ཁ་ལས་ཕར་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; (Jichen Thinley, 2015). &lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་ལུ་གློག་རིག་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་གྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་ ཕྱི་སུ་ཅིག་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་རུང་ མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་དེ་ ག་ཅི་དེ་མགྱོགས་དྲགས་སྦེ་ ལྷོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ད་རེས་ནངས་པའི་དུས་ལུ་ མི་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ར་ མི་སྡེ་བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་ལུགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ ལག་ལེན་ཐོག་ཤེས་རིག་དང་ གཞན་བརྡ་དོན་སྤྲོད་ལེན་གྱི་རྒྱུན་ལམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཡང་ ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་ གྱུར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (British Broadcasting Channel, 19th February, 2014).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ སྒེར་གྱི་དབང་བའི་ རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་དང་གསར་ཤོག་ བྷུ་ཊན་ཊཡེམསི་ བྷུ་ཊན་ཨོབ་ཟ་བཱར་དང་ གཞན་དང་གཞན་ཡང་ སྐུ་གཟུགས་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་དང་ རེ་དྲེཝ་ཝེ་ལི་ ཡི་ག་རྒྱང་བསྒྲགས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལེ་ཤ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག། ལྷག་པར་དུ་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ བརྡ་བརྒྱུད་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གཞན་ སྒེར་གྱི་ཚོང་སྡེ་དང་ལས་སྡེ་ འབྲུག་གློག་བརྙན་ཚོགས་པ་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཕྲིན་ཚད་འཛིན་ བཀྲིས་བརྒྱུད་ཕྲིན་ལས་སྡེ་ ས་སྨུག་དང་ གཞན་དང་གཞན་ཡང་ ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# British Broadcasting Channel, (19th February, 2014). How Social Media Woke Up Bhutan, Asia, British Broadcasting Channel.
# Thinley, J. (2015). History of Internet in Bhutan, Bhutan Telecom Ltd.
# Dorji, K. (1991). The Media in Bhutan, Singapore. Asian Mass Communication Research &amp; Information Centre.
# Wangchuk, L. (2017) Facts about Bhutan the Land of Thunder Dragon. KMT Publishers. 
# Rabten, P. (n.d), Mass Media: Its Consumption and Impact on Residents of Thimphu and Rural Areas, Thimphu, Center for Bhutan Studies.
# Tshong, S. (1994), Continuing Evolution of the Broadcasting Media in Bhutan:
# The Case of Bhutan Broadcasting Service, Singapore, Nanyang Technological University.</text>
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    <title>གསོ་བའི་ལྷན་ཁག།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ གསོ་བའི་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷན་ཁག་བཅུ་ཐམ་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་གསོ་བའི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཅིག་སྦེ་སྡོད་ ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཤུལ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་དགུ་བརྒྱ་དགུ་བཅུ་གོ་གྲ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6555" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ གསོ་བའི་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷན་ཁག་བཅུ་ཐམ་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་གསོ་བའི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཅིག་སྦེ་སྡོད་ ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཤུལ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་དགུ་བརྒྱ་དགུ་བཅུ་གོ་གྲངས་ལས་ གཙོ་རིམ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ ཤེས་རིག་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་བསྡོམས་ཏེ་ གསོ་བ་དང་ ཤེས་རིག་ལྷན་ཁག་ཟེར་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་བསྒང་བློན་པོ་སངས་རྒྱས་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཀྱིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༨-༡༩༩༩ ཚུན་ གསོ་བ་དང་ཤེས་རིག་ བློན་པོ་འགོ་དང་པ་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཤུལ་ལས་ གསོ་བ་དང་ཤེས་རིག་ཟེར་གཅིག་ཁར་སྡོད་ཡོད་མི་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ དགོས་མཁོ་དང་བསྟུན་ གསོ་བའི་ལྷན་ཁག་དང་ ཤེས་རིག་ལྷན་ཁག་ཟེར་སོ་སོ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ལུ་ དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་གཞུང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཚུར་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣ ཚུན་ གསོ་བའི་ལྷན་ཁག་ནང་ བློན་པོ་བཟང་ལེགས་འབྲུག་པ་གིས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣-༢༠༡༨ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་རྟ་མགྲིན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ ལས་ ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་གྱི་བར་ན་  བློན་པོ་བདེ་ཆེན་དབང་མོ་གིས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་མཆོག་གྱུར་ཅན་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྦེ་གནས་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་དང་།དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་ཡང་ཕྱི་ནང་སྨན་བཅོས་སྤུས་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྲོད་ནི་དང་ནད་གཞི་ཚུ་བཀག་ཐབས་དང་ཚད་འཛིན་འབད་དེ་རྩ་མེད་གཏང་ནི།མི་ཚེ་བསྐྱར་གསོ་འབད་ནི་དང་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་ཅན་གྱི་མི་ཚེའི་གནས་སྟངས་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི།དེ་ལས་ ཡུན་བརྟན་ཅན་ ངོས་ལེན་ཅན་ གོ་སྐབས་འདྲ་མཉམ་ བློ་གཏད་ཅན་དང་ གནས་གོང་རན་པའི་གསོ་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ངེས་གཏན་སྦེ་སྤྲོད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན།འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འགན་དབང་འདི་འབྲུག་གི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་པོའི་རྩ་ཚན་༩ པའི་དོན་ཚན་༢༡ པ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ ལྷན་ཁག་གིས་ དེང་རབས་དང་སྔར་སྲོལ་གསོ་དཔྱད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ མི་དམངས་གསོ་བའི་གཞིས་གནས་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ སྟོང་པར་ཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་དང་སྤུས་ཚད་ཅན་གྱི་གསོ་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ འཇམ་ཏོག་ཏོ་དང་འདྲ་མཉམ་སྦེ་ངེས་གཏན་འཐོབ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གསོ་བའི་ལྷན་ཁག་འོག་ལུ་ བློན་པོ་དང་དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་ དེ་ལས་ མདོ་ཆེན་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཡིག་ཚང་དང་ལས་ཁུངས་ཁག་བཞི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་ཁུངས་བཞི་ཡང་གསོ་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལས་ཁུངས་ མི་དམངས་གསོ་བའི་ལས་ཁུངས་ གསོ་བའི་མཁོ་ཆས་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་དང་རྟེན་གཞི་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་ནང་སྨན་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལས་ཁུངས་ཚུ་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ འགོ་འཛིན་བློན་པོ་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་ དྲུང་ཆེན་དང་མདོ་ཆེན་ དེ་ལས་ ལས་ཁུངས་ཁག་གི་གཙོ་འཛིན་དང་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གིས་ད་རེས་གོང་གི་འཆར་སྣང་དང་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་སེམས་ཁར་བཀལ་ཏེ་ ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འགན་དབང་ཚུ་ དྲང་བདེན་དང་དྭངས་གསལ་ དེ་ལས་ དམ་ཚིག་གཙོ་གཟུང་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  
&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia Contributors. (2021). Ministry of Health (Bhutan). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.bing.com/searchq=minstry+of+health+bhutan+wikipdeia&amp;qs=n&amp;form=QBRE&amp;sp=-1&amp;pq=minstry+of+health+bhutan+wikipdeia&amp;sc=0-34&amp;sk=&amp;cvid=3C785AC896414C7DA9EBCCCD6521B534</text>
      <sha1>jnchveudpr881fio779s6emarxpb1hc</sha1>
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    <title>ནང་སྲིད་དང་སྲོལ་འཛིན་ལྷན་ཁག།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ནང་སྲིད་དང་སྲོལ་འཛིན་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷན་ཁག་བཅུ་ཐམ་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་འགོ་དང་པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨ རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་གཞུང་ཀྱི་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ ༢༨ པའི་ནང་ ལྷན་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="7651" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ནང་སྲིད་དང་སྲོལ་འཛིན་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷན་ཁག་བཅུ་ཐམ་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་འགོ་དང་པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨ རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་གཞུང་ཀྱི་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ ༢༨ པའི་ནང་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་གཞུང་ཚོགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་བའི་ཤུལ་ ནང་སྲིད་ལྷན་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༤ ལུ་ སྲོལ་འཛིན་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཟེར་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ནང་སྲིད་ལྷན་ཁག་འོག་ལུ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གི་མིང་ཡང་ ནང་སྲིད་དང་སྲོལ་འཛིན་ལྷན་ཁག་ཟེར་མིང་གསརཔ་བཏགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ནང་སྲིད་དང་སྲོལ་འཛིན་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་བློན་པོ་དང་པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨-༡༩༨༥ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་གཏམ་ཞིང་རྒྱ་གར་མཆོག་གིས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
བློན་པོ་གཏམ་ཞིང་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་ཤུལ་ལས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ ནང་སྲིད་དང་སྲོལ་འཛིན་བློན་པོ་རིམ་བྱོན་ཡང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༥-༡༩༩༡ ཚུན་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བློན་པོ་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༡-༡༩༩༨ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་དར་གོ་ཚེ་རིང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༨-༢༠༠༣ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་འཕྲིན་ལས་རྒྱ་མཚོ། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣-༢༠༠༧ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་འཕྲིན་ལས། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧-༢༠༡༣ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་མི་འགྱུར་རྡོ་རྗེ། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣-༢༠༡༥ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་དམ་ཆོས་རྡོ་རྗེ། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༥-༢༠༡༨ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་ཟླ་བ་རྒྱལ་མཚན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨-༢༠༢༡ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་དྲགོས་ཤེས་རབ་རྒྱལ་མཚན། དེ་ལས་ ད་ལྟོ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་སྲིད་དང་སྲོལ་འཛིན་བློན་པོ་འདི་ བློན་པོ་ཨྱོན་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་བསྒྲུབ་ཐབས་ཀྱི་རྒྱུ་རྐྱེན་ལུ་ བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་ངེས་བརྟན་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་དང་ ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཀྱི་སྙིང་བཅུད་ཚུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་དང་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་མི་ དམངས་གཙོའི་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་གི་རྣམ་གཞག་བཀོལ་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ དབང་ཚད་ཕྱིར་སྤེལ་གྱི་བདག་སྐྱོང་ནུས་ཤུགས་ཅན་སྦེ་ལཱ་འབད་མི་ འགོ་འཁྲིད་ལས་ཚོགས་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་དང་། ལྷན་ཁག་གི་ དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་ཡང་ འབྲུག་པའི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་ཚུ་སྲུང་སྐྱོབས་དང་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་དང་  མི་དམངས་ལུ་ནང་སྐྱོད་ཀྱི་ཁྱད་ལྡན་ ཞབས་ཏོག་བྱིན་ནི་ དེ་ལས་ མི་དམངས་ཞབས་ཏོག་འཇོན་ཐངས་ཅན་དང་ནུས་ཤུགས་ཅན་སྦེ་བྱིན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ས་གནས་ཀྱི་གཞུང་ཚུ་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་དང་ལམ་སྟོན་བྱིན་ནི་དང་ མི་ཁུངས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ གང་མགྱོགས་འཇོན་ཐངས་ཅན་སྦེ་བྱིན་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། འདི་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་བཀའ་དང་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་གནས་སྟངས་སྒྲིང་སྒྲིང་སྦེ་བཞག་ནི་དང་ ཞི་བའི་བདག་སྐྱོང་འཇོན་ཐངས་ཅན་སྦེ་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ཡང་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ནང་སྲིད་དང་སྲོལ་འཛིན་ལྷན་ཁག་འོག་ལུ་ བློན་པོ་དང་དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་ དེ་ལས་ མདོ་ཆེན་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཡིག་ཚང་དང་ལས་ཁུངས་ཁག་བཞི་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་ཁུངས་བཞི་ཡང་ ཟུང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ལས་ཁུངས་ མང་ཕྱོགས་མཐུན་འབྲེལ་ལས་ཁུངས་ མགྲོན་སྐྱོང་ལས་ཁུངས་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་ཁུངས་ཚུ་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ འགོ་འཛིན་བློན་པོ་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་ དྲུང་ཆེན་དང་མདོ་ཆེན་ དེ་ལས་ ལས་ཁུངས་ཁག་གི་གཙོ་འཛིན་དང་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གིས་ ད་རེས་གོང་གི་འཆར་སྣང་དང་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་སེམས་ཁར་བཀལ་ཏེ་ ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འགན་དབང་ཚུ་ དྲང་བདེན་དང་དྭངས་གསལ་ དེ་ལས་ དམ་ཚིག་གཙོ་གཟུང་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;   
 
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia Contributors. (2021). Ministry of _Home_and_Cultural_Affairs (Bhutan). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from # https://en.wikipedia.org//wiki/Ministry_of_Home_and_Cultural_Affairs_(Bhutan)</text>
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    <title>བསྟན་རྒྱས་ལྷན་ཁག།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ཧེ་མ་ཚོང་དང་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ལྷན་ཁག་ཟེར་སྡོད་མི་ བསྟན་རྒྱས་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་ལྷན་ཁག་བཅུ་ཐམ་གྱི་གྲས་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིནམ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༧ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། མི་དབང་འ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4086" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཧེ་མ་ཚོང་དང་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ལྷན་ཁག་ཟེར་སྡོད་མི་ བསྟན་རྒྱས་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་ལྷན་ཁག་བཅུ་ཐམ་གྱི་གྲས་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིནམ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༧ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་སྐབས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨ ལོ་ལུ་ ལྷན་ཁག་ངོ་མ་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ མིང་ཡང་ ཚོང་དང་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ ནགས་ཚལ་ལྷན་ཁག་ཟེར་བཏགས་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༠ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༧ ལུ་ གློག་མེ་དང་ས་གཏེར་གྱིས་མ་ཚད་པར་ བསྟན་རྒྱས་ལྷན་ཁག་ཟེར་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
བསྟན་རྒྱས་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ མདོ་ཆེན་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཡིག་ཚང་དང་སྲིད་འཆར་སྡེ་ཚན་ ནང་འཁོད་རྩིས་ཞིབ་སྡེ་ཕྲན་ཚུ་མ་རྩས་པའི་ ལས་ཁུངས་བརྒྱད་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ལས་ཁུངས་ བློ་རིག་རྒྱུ་དངོས་ལས་ཁུངས་ ས་རིག་དང་ས་གཏེར་ལས་ཁུངས་ ནུས་ཤུགས་སླར་འབྱུང་ལས་ཁུངས་ ཆུར་བརྟེན་གློག་ཤུགས་ལས་ཁུངས་ བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཆུང་བ་དང་ནང་བཟོའི་ལས་ཁུངས་ ཉོ་སྤྱོད་ཉེན་སྲུང་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ཨིན། མདོ་ཆེན་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཡིག་ཚང་གི་འོག་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བདག་སྐྱོང་དང་དངུལ་རྩིས་སྡེ་ཚན་ མི་སྟོབས་སྡེ་ཚན་ བརྡ་དོན་དང་བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་སྡེ་ཚན་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
བསྟན་རྒྱས་ལྷན་ཁག་ནང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་དང་ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་ དགེ་ལེགས་ཕུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ མོང་སྒར་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་ཚུ་རྩིས་པའི་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཡིག་ཚང་དྲུག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བསྟན་རྒྱས་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གནས་སྟངས་ཚད་ལྡན་སྦེ་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་མིའི་ལྷན་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
མི་མང་དང་སྒེར་གྱི་ལས་སྡེ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གནས་སྟངས་འདི་ཡུན་བརྟན་སྦེ་བཞག་ནི་འདི་ ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གི་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Ministry of Economic Affairs (Bhutan). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Economic_Affairs_(Bhutan)&amp;oldid=1063448234</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ དངུལ་རྩིས་ལྷན་ཁག་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཀྱི་གོམས་ཐེང་དང་པ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༧ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༩  ལུ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༡༦ པ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག  དེ་ཡང་ཧེ་མའི་ཚོགས་འད...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="12011" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ དངུལ་རྩིས་ལྷན་ཁག་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཀྱི་གོམས་ཐེང་དང་པ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༧ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༩  ལུ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༡༦ པ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག  དེ་ཡང་ཧེ་མའི་ཚོགས་འདུ་གི་གྲོས་ཆོད་ཚུ་ལུ་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ ཚོགས་འདུའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་རྩིས་ཁ་ལོ་བ'ཟེར་བའི་ དངུལ་རྩིས་དང་རྩིས་ཞིབ་ཚོགས་ཆུང་ཅིག་  གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་རྩིས་ཁ་ལོ་བ་ཟེར་མི་ཚོགས་ཆུང་་དེ་ནང་ འཐུས་མི་བཞི་སྡོད་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གི་སྐུ་ཚབ་གཅིག་དང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཚབ་གཅིག། མི་སེར་གྱི་སྐུ་ཚབ་གཅིག་དང་ གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་སྐུ་ཚབ་གཅིག་བཅས་བཞི་ཨིན། ཚོགས་ཆུང་འདི་གི་ལཱ་འགན་ཡང་གཙོ་བོ་ འོང་འབབ་དང་གཞུང་ཆས་ཚུ་ཚུལ་མཐུན་སྦེ་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། གཞུང་གི་ཟད་འགྲོ་མ་བཏང་པའི་ཧེ་མ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གི་བཀའ་ཤོག་ཕྱག་བྲིས་མ་གཅིག་ངེས་པར་དགོ་པའི་ཁར་ ཟད་རྩིས་ཚུ་ཡང་འཐུས་མི་བཞི་གིས་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ཐོག་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་དེ་སྡོད་ནུག།  དེ་ལས་ལོ་ལྟར་གྱི་ཟད་རྩིས་དང་རྩིས་ཁྲ་གི་ཁ་གསལ་ཚུ་མི་དབང་མངའ་ཞབས་མཆོག་ལུ་ཕུལ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་སོ་སོའི་འོང་བབས་ཚུ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་ཞབས་མཆོག་གིས་ཐུགས་འདོད་དང་བསྟུན་གོ་བཀྲམ་བཏང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་འཆར་གཞི་མང་སུ་ཅིག་ཐོནམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨ ལུ་བློན་པོ་གསརཔ་གཉིས་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་བའི་གྲས་ལས་ དྲག་ཤོས་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༠/༠༥/༡༩༦༨ ལུ་ རྩིས་བློན་སྦེ་གསར་བསྐོས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
རྩིས་བློན་བསྐོ་བཞག་གནང་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་རྩིས་ཁ་ལོ་བའི་ལཱ་འགན་ཚུ་ དངུལ་རྩིས་ལྷན་ཁག་གིས་འབད་དེ་སྡོད་ནུག། དེ་གི་ཐོག་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༣༠ པའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ དངུལ་རྩིས་ལྷན་ཁག་ལུ་ ཁྲལ་གྱི་རིགས་གསར་བཙུགས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་གྱི་འགན་ཁུར་ཚུ་བཀལ་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༣༣ པའི་སྐབས་ དངུལ་རྩིས་ལྷན་ཁག་ལུ་ འོང་བབས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་ལེགས་ལྡན་གཅིག་བཟོ་ནིའི་འགན་ཁུར་ཡང་བཀལ་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
གོང་འཕེལ་དེ་དང་བསྟུན་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཐེངས་ ༣༤ པའི་སྐབས་ དངུལ་རྩིས་ལྷན་ཁག་གིས་  སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༡ ལོའི་ ཞི་གཡོག་འཆར་གཞིའི་ འོང་བབ་དང་ཟད་རྩིས་ཀྱི་སྙན་ཞུ་ཐེངས་དང་པ་འདི་ཕུལ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ ཚོགས་འདུ་གིས་གཏན་འབེབས་ཐོག་ལས་ ཆ་འཇོག་གྲུབ་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༠ གི་སྔ་གོང་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ དངུལ་རྩིས་ལྷན་ཁག་གིས་ ཞི་གཡོག་འཆར་དངུལ་རྐྱངམ་ཅིག་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནུག། ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་ལས་ཐོབ་པའི་ འཆར་གཞི་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་མ་དངུལ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ འཆར་གཞི་ལྷན་ཚོགས་གིས་འབད་དེ་སྡོད་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༡ ལོ་ལུ་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་ལས་ཁུངས་གཅིག་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༨ ལུ་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་དང་ཅེང་མ་རི་ བསམ་རྩེ་ སིབ་སུ་ གསར་སྤང་ ཀ་ལི་ཁོ་ལ་ དགེ་ལེགས་ཕུག་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་ལུ་ ཚོང་མགྲོན་ཞིབ་དཔྱད་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ར་ཚུ་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
ཧེ་མ་སྣུམ་འཁོར་དང་ ཅ་ཁྲལ་ འོང་འབབ་ཚུ་ སྡེ་ཚན་དང་ལས་ཁུངས་སོ་སོ་སྦེ་ཨིན།  སྤྱི་ལོ་  ༡༨༩༢ ལོ་ལུ་  ཅ་ཁྲལ་དང་སྣུམ་འཁོར་ འོང་འབབ་ཚུ་འོང་འབབ་སྡེ་ཚན་ནང་བསྡབས་ནུག།   སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ གི་སྔ་གོང་ལུ་ ཅ་དམ་ཡིག་ཚང་དང་འོང་འབབ་གཉིས་ སྡེ་ཚན་དང་ལས་ཁུངས་སོ་སོ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ལོ་ལུ་ འོང་འབབ་དང་ཅ་དམ་གཉིས་གཅིག་ཁར་བསྡབས་ཏེ་འོང་འབབ་དང་ཅ་དམ་ལས་ཁུངས་འདི་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༤ ལུ་རྒྱན་ཤོག་ལས་ཁུངས་འདི་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག།  དེའི་སྔ་གོང་ལུ་འོང་འབབ་དང་ཅ་དམ་ལས་ཁུངས་ཀྱི་འོག་ལུ་མདོ་ཆེན་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཡིག་ཚང་སྦེ་སྡོད་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༠  ལུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་འཆར་དངུལ་འདི་དངུལ་རྩིས་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འོག་ལུ་སྤོ་སོར་འབད་དེ་འཆར་དངུལ་ཡིག་ཚང་གསརཔ་ཅིག་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག།  སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༥ ལུ་འཆར་དངུལ་ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་དངུལ་རྩིས་སྡེ་ཚན་ལྟེ་བ་ནང་བསྡབས་ཏེ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འཆར་དངུལ་དང་རྩིས་ཁྲ་ལས་ཁུངས་ཟེར་མིང་གསརཔ་བཏགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༢ ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་འགོ་འདྲེན་གྱི་ལཱ་འགན་འདི་ འཆར་གཞི་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ལས་ དངུལ་རྩིས་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འོག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འཆར་དངུལ་དང་རྩིས་ཁྲ་ལས་ཁུངས་ལུ་སྤོ་བཤུད་འབད་ནུག།  རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འཆར་དངུལ་དང་རྩིས་ཁྲ་ལས་ཁུངས་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འཆར་དངུལ་དང་གྲོགས་རམ་འགོ་འདྲེན་སྡེ་ཚན་ཟེར་མིང་གསརཔ་བཏགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༠ ལུ་གཞུང་གི་སྤྱི་སྡོམ་གཞི་སྒྱུར་གྱི་ཆ་ཤས་བཟུམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་  རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འཆར་དངུལ་དང་གྲོགས་རམ་འགོ་འདྲེན་སྡེ་ཚན་འདི་ཁག་གཉིས་ལུ་གྱེས་ཏེ་ ལས་ཁུངས་སོ་སོ་གཉིས་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ ་འཆར་དངུལ་དང་རྩིས་ཁྲ་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་  གྲོགས་རམ་དང་བུ་ལོན་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ལས་ཁུངས་གཉིས་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ལུ་ གཞུང་གི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ འཆར་གཞི་ལྷན་ཚོགས་འདི་མེདཔ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་དངུལ་རྩིས་ལྷན་ཁག་ནང་སྤོ་བཤུད་འབད་དེ་འཆར་གཞི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཟེར་མིང་གསརཔ་བཏགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
གོང་གི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཚུ་མ་རྩིས་པའི་ དངུལ་རྩིས་ལྷན་ཁག་གིས་ འོང་འབབ་དང་ཅ་དམ་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གཞུང་ཆས་ལས་ཁུངས་ཚུ་ཡང་བལྟ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དངུལ་རྩིས་ལྷན་ཁག་འོག་གི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཚུ་ཡང་ མང་རྩིས་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་འོང་འབབ་དང་ཅ་དམ་ལས་ཁུངས་ རྒྱ་ཁྱབ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ལས་ཁུངས་ མདོ་ཆེན་ཞབསཏོག་ཡིག་ཚང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གཞུང་ཆས་ལས་ཁུངས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འཆར་དངུལ་ལས་ཁུངས་ཚུ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Ministry of Finance (Bhutan). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Finance_(Bhutan)&amp;oldid=985570357</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ལས་གཡོག་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༣ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་གཞུང་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་ཨང་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་གཞུང་ཚོགས་/༠༢/༠༣/༩༣༣ ཅན་མ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="8755" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ལས་གཡོག་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༣ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་གཞུང་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་ཨང་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་གཞུང་ཚོགས་/༠༢/༠༣/༩༣༣ ཅན་མ་ལྟར་དུ་ ཧེ་མམ་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འཕྲུལ་རིག་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་དབང་འཛིན་དང་ གཡོག་བཙུགས་དང་ལས་གཡོག་ལས་ཁུངས་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་གཉིས་ མཉམ་བསྡེབས་འབད་དེ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འཕྲུལ་རིག་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་དབང་འཛིན་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཅན་གྱི་ལས་མི་བཟོ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལག་རྩལ་ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ཚུ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་དམིགས་བཏད་སྐྱེད་དེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དམིགས་དོན་འདི་འགྲུབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འཕྲུལ་རིག་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་དབང་འཛིན་གྱིས་ འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམ་ནི་དང་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་ནི་ ཚད་འཛིན་དང་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་ནི་ དེ་ལས་དགོཔ་ཐོན་སར་ ལག་རྩལ་ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ཚུ་བྱིན་དགོཔ་ཐོན་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་འཕྲུལ་རིག་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་དབང་འཛིན་འདི་གཞི་བཙུགས་མ་འབད་བའི་ཧེ་མ་ འཕྲུལ་རིག་དང་ལག་རྩལ་ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ དེ་བསྒང་ གསོ་བ་དང་ཤེས་རིག་ལྷན་ཁག་སྦེ་སྡོད་མིའི་འོག་ལུ་ འཕྲུལ་རིག་དང་ལག་རྩལ་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ལས་ཚན་གྱིས་ བདག་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༠ ཕྱི་མཚམས་ལས་ན་གཞོན་ལཱ་གཡོག་མེད་པའི་དཀའ་ངལ་འཐོན་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཚུར་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གཡོག་བཙུགས་བཀོད་ཚོགས་འདི་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དགོཔ་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༣ པའི་ནང་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། སྤྱིི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༨ པ་ལས་ ཧེ་མ་ གསོ་བ་དང་ཤེས་རིག་ལྷན་ཁག་སྦེ་སྡོད་མི་གི་འོག་ལུ་ གཡོག་བཙུགས་དང་ལས་གཡོག་ལས་ཁུངས་ཟེར་མི་ལུ་གྱུར་ནུག། གཡོག་བཙུགས་དང་ལས་གཡོག་ལས་ཁུངས་འདི་ལུ་ གཡོག་བཙུགས་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་དང་ལཱ་གཡོག་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་བརྡ་དོན་ ལཱ་གཡོག་གི་འབྲེལ་བ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུའི་འགན་ཁུར་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ལས་གཡོག་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་འཆར་སྣང་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་ལཱ་ཚུ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁོང་གིས་ འཆར་སྣང་དི་ཡང་ གཡོག་བཙུགས་དང་ལཱ་གཡོག་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་སྲིད་བྱུས་བརྩམ་ནི་དང་ མི་སྟོབས་གོང་འཕེལ་ ལ་སོགས་པའི་ནང་གྲལ་བཏོགས་འབད་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་བཏངམ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
ལན་ཁག་འདི་གིས་ ཞབས་ཏོག་འདི་ཚུ་ གཙོ་བོ་ བདག་སྐྱོང་དང་དངུལ་རྩིས་སྡེ་ཚན་གྱི་ཐོག་ཁར་ ལས་ཁུངས་བཞི་གི་ཐོག་ལས་སྦེ་བྱིནམ་ཨིན། ལས་ཁུངས་བཞིཔོ་དེ་ཡང་ ལས་མི་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་གཡོག་བཙུགས་ལས་ཁུངས་ མི་སྟོབས་ལས་ཁུངས་ ལཱ་གཡོག་གནས་ཚད་ལས་ཁུངས་ཚུ་ཨིན། ལས་ཁུངས་ཀྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ཡང་ ལས་རིམ་གཙོ་བོ་བཞི་ནང་བསྡུ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ ལཱ་གཡོག་འཚོལ་མི་ཚུ་ གཡོག་གོ་སྐབས་ཀྱི་ནང་ལུ་ ལྷན་ཐབས་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
ལས་ཁུངས་བཞི་གི་ཐོག་ཁར་ ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གིས་ ཁོང་རའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་དང་ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་ དགེ་ལེགས་ཕུག་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ཡོད་པའི་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ཕུལཝ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ལས་གཡོག་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འགན་དབང་ཡང་ ལཱ་གཡོག་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་གྱི་ནང་ལྷན་ཐབས་འབད་ནི་དང་ ཕན་ནུས་ཅན་གྱི་ལཱ་གཡོག་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལམ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ ལཱ་གཡོག་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་དང་ ལཱ་གཡོག་ནང་གྲལ་གཏོགས་ཡོད་མི་ག་ར་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་དང་ལཱའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི། ཞི་གཡོག་ལས་སྡེ་ནང་མིན་པའི་ ལས་བྱེདཔ་དགོངས་ཞུ་འབད་ཡོད་མི་དང་ ལཱ་གཡོག་མེད་མི་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ མི་སྡེའི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་རྩ་བརྟན་བཟོ་ནི། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཡུན་བརྟན་མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ནང་ལྷན་ཐབས་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤུས་ཚད་དང་གྱངས་ཁ་གཉིསཔོ་ཆ་རའི་ནང་ མི་སྟོབས་ལངམ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་ཚུ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Ministry of Labour and Human Resources (Bhutan). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Labour_and_Human_Resources_(Bhutan)&amp;oldid=95399363</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ཞབས་ཏོག་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷན་ཁག་བཅུ་ཐམ་གྱི་གྲས་ལས་ གཅིག་ཨིནམ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ལུ་  ལམ་སེལ་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་ཁྲོམ་ཚོགས་གོང་འཕེལ་ བཟོ་རིག་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལས་ཁ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="9729" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཞབས་ཏོག་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷན་ཁག་བཅུ་ཐམ་གྱི་གྲས་ལས་ གཅིག་ཨིནམ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ལུ་  ལམ་སེལ་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་ཁྲོམ་ཚོགས་གོང་འཕེལ་ བཟོ་རིག་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལས་ཁུངས་ཟེར འཕྲུལ་རིགས་ལས་ཁུངས་གཙོ་ཅན་གཉིས་དང་ཅིག་ཁར་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
ཞབས་ཏོག་ལས་ཁུངས་ཀྱི་ལཱ་འགན་ཚུ་ཡང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ དངོས་ཁམས་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྟེན་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོད་པའི་ འཆར་གཞི་བརྩམ་ནི་དང་ སྲིད་བྱུས་ཚུ་བཟོ་ནི་ དངོས་ཁམས་ཀྱི་གཞི་རྟེན་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ བཅའ་ཁྲིམས། ཁྲིམས་ལུགས། གནས་ཚད་ཚུ་གསར་བཟོ་དང་བསྟར་སྤྱོད་འབད་ནི། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ འཕྲུལ་རིགས་མི་སྟོབས་ཀྱི་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་ནང་ མཉམ་འབྲེལ་འབད་ནི། འོས་འབབ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ བཟོ་སྐྲུན་གྱི་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ཁང་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནིའི་ སྲིད་བྱུས་ཚུ་བཟོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འཕྲུལ་རིག་ མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་དང་ སྔར་སྲོལ་གྱི་བརྩི་མཐོང་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ མཉམ་འབྲས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་བཞག་ཚུགས་པའི་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ འོས་འབབ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་མི་སྡེ་གཞི་ཆགས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ འཆར་གཞི་དང་སྲིད་བྱུས་ཚུ་གསར་བཟོ་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༠ ལུ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ འཆར་གཞི་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་རྗེས་སུ་ འཆར་གཞི་ ༥ པ་འགོ་བཙུགས་མི་དང་འབྲེལ་ གཞི་རྟེན་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ སྒྲིང་ཁྱིམ་དང་ འཁོར་ལམ་ ཟམ་དང་འཐུང་ཆུ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་ དེ་ལས་ ཆུ་གཡུར་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་གིས་ གཞུང་གི་མ་རྩ་གཞི་བཙུགས་ སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་ བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ལོ་ངོ་ ༤༠ ལྷག་པའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་འཆར་གཞི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱིས་ གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་བའི་ཁྲོམ་དང་ མཐའ་ཟུར་གྱི་ གཡུས་སྒོ་རྩིས་ཏེ་ གྲོང་གསེབ་ཚུ་ནང་ གཞི་རྟེན་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ མང་རབས་ཅིག་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གཞི་རྟེན་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་མཁོ་སྤྲོད་ཀྱི་ཐད་ཁར་ གོང་འཕེལ་དང་འགྱུར་བ་འགྱོ་མི་དང་འབྲེལ་ དབང་ཆ་ཡོད་པའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཡང་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་ཚོགས་དང་པ་དེ་ཡང་ འབྲུག་བཟོ་རིགས་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཟེར་ བཟོ་སྐྲུན་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ལྟ་རྟོག་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༢ ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༦ ལུ་ མི་མང་ལས་མི་ལས་ཁུངས་ཟེར་ མིང་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
མ་གཞི་ མི་མང་ལས་མི་ལས་ཁུངས་དེ་ གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་འོག་ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ མི་སྡེ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལྷན་ཁག་གིས་ གྲོང་གསེབ་དང་ ཁྲོམ་ ༢ ཆ་རའི་ གཞི་རྟེན་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ བཟོ་སྐྲུན་འབད་ནིའི་ གཙོ་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་ བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་འོག་ལུ་ ལམ་སེལ་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་ ཁྲོམ་ཚོགས་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ཁྱིམ་བཟོ་ལས་ཁུངས་གཉིསཔོ་དེ་ འཕྲུལ་རིགས་ཀྱི་ ལས་ཁུངས་ངོ་མ་ཨིན། ཤེས་རིག་དང་གསོ་བ་ ཁྲོམ་སྡེ་ཨུ་ཚུགས་ དེ་ལས་ སྒེར་སྡེ་དགོས་མཁོ་ཡར་སེང་སོང་མི་དང་བསྟུན་ གདོང་ལེན་གསརཔ་བྱུང་སྟེ་འབད་རུང་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་གྲུབ་འབྲས་ལེགས་ལྡན་བྱུང་སྟེ་ གཞི་རྟེན་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ ལུ་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་དེ་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་དང་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཡར་དྲག་ དེ་ལས དྭངས་སེལ་དང་འགན་འཁྲི་ཚུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཞི་བསྒྱུར་སྐབས་ གྲོས་འདེབས་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ མཉམ་སྡེབ་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གྲོས་འདེབས་གཅིག་འདི་ བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་དང་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་ལྷན་ཁག་གསར་བཟོ་འབད་དེ་ གཞི་བསྒྱུར་འབད་ནི་ཡོདཔ་བཞིན་དུ་ ཤུལ་ལས་ བཟོ་སྐྲུན་ལྷན་ཁག་དེ་ མིང་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་དེ་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ལྷན་ཁག་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ལྷན་ཁག་དེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ད་ ད་རེས་ ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འོག་ལུ་ ལམ་སེལ་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་ བཟོ་རིག་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལས་ཁུངས་ དེ་ལས་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ལས་ཁུངས་བརྩིས་ཏེ་ ལས་ཁུངས་གསུམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གིས་ ཁོང་རའི་འཆར་སྣང་ མི་སྟོབས་དང་ སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན་ཐོག་ལས་ ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ནང་ གཞི་རྟེན་མཁོ་ཆས་ གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་དང་ འབྲུག་གི་གནས་རིམ་ནང་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་གོང་འཕེལ་ ཆ་སྙོམ་བཟོ་ཐོག་ལས་ མི་སྡེ་གཞི་ཆགས་དང་སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཉེན་སྲུང་དང་ ཡུན་བརྟན་ཅན་གྱི་གཞི་རྟེན་མཁོ་ཆས་ཚུ་ མཁོ་སྤྲོད་འབད་ནིའི་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ཕུལ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Ministry of Works and Human Settlement (Bhutan). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Works_and_Human_Settlement_(Bhutan)</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སའི་རྒྱ་ཁྱོན་ གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༣༨,༣༩༤ ཡོད་ས་ལས་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་གསུམ་ འཁྱེག་རི་གིས་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འཁྱེག་ རི་འདི་ཚུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་གཙང་ཆ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5870" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སའི་རྒྱ་ཁྱོན་ གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༣༨,༣༩༤ ཡོད་ས་ལས་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་གསུམ་ འཁྱེག་རི་གིས་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འཁྱེག་ རི་འདི་ཚུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་གཙང་ཆུ་ཚུ་འཐོན་སའི་གཞི་ཨིནམ་དང་ འཁྱེག་རི་ཆགས་ས་གཙང་ཆུའི་ནང་ན་དང་གྲང་བསིལ་གྱི་ ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ཨིན། འཁྱེག་རི་ལུ་ལུང་གཤོང་འཁྱེག་རི་དང་གངས་ཀྱི་འཁྱེག་རི་ཟེར་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་དབྱེ་བ་གཉིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལུང་གཤོང་ འཁྱེག་རི་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ གཙང་ཆུ་དང་མཚོ་ དེ་ལས་ བསིལ་ལྡན་གྱི་ལུང་དང་གཤོངམ་ཚུ་ནང་ཆགས་མི་ལུ་གོ་ནི་དང་ གངས་ཀྱི་འཁྱེག་རི་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ མཐོ་བའི་གངས་རི་ཚུ་གི་ཐོག་ཁར་ཆགས་ཡོད་པའི་ འཁྱེག་རི་ཚུ་ལུ་གོ་ནི་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ལུང་གཤོང་འཁྱེག་རི་ཆགས་སའི་གཙང་ཆུ་གཙོ་བོ་ དབང་ཆུ་ སྤུ་ན་གཙང་ཆུ་དང་ མ་ནཱསི་གི་གཙང་ཆུ་གསུམ་ཨིན། འདི་གསུམ་གྱི་ནང་ལས་ དང་པ་དབང་ཆུ་འཁྱེག་རི་གཙང་ཆུ་ལུ་ སྤ་ཆུ་ ཧཱ་ཆུ་ ཐིམ་ཆུ་བཅས་ འཁྱེག་རི་ཆགས་སའི་ཡན་ལག་གཙང་ཆུ་གསུམ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གཉིས་པ་སྤུ་ན་འཁྱེག་རི་གཙང་ཆུ་ལུ་ ཕོ་ཆུ་ མོ་ཆུ་ དྭངས་ཆུ་བཅས་ འཁྱེག་རི་ཆགས་སའི་ཡན་ལག་གཙང་ཆུ་གསུམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ གསུམ་པ་མ་ནཱསི་འཁྱེག་རི་གཙང་ཆུ་ལུ་ མང་སྡེ་ཆུ་ ལྕམ་མཁར་ཆུ་ སྐུ་རི་ཆུ་ གྲང་མི་ཆུ་བཅས་ འཁྱེག་རི་ཆགས་སའི་ ཡན་ལག་གཙང་ཆུ་བཞི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༦ ལོ་གི་སྙན་ཞུ་དང་འཁྲིལཝ་ད་ སྤུ་ན་གཙང་ཆུ་ནང་འཁྱེག་རི་གྱངས་ཁ་ ༣༤༡ བཅས་ འཁྱེག་རི་གྱངས་ཁ་མཐོ་ཤོས་ཆགས་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༤༥.༨༥ འབད་མི་འཁྱེག་རི་སྦོམ་ཤོས་འདི་མང་སྡེ་ཆུ་ནང་ཆགས་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་བསིལ་ལྡན་གངས་རི་གིས་བསྐོར་བའི་ རི་བྲག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ གངས་ཀྱི་འཁྱེག་རི་ལེ་ཤ་ ཆགས་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཐོར་ཐོར་མི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་འཁྱེག་མཚོ་ལེ་ཤ་རང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འཁྱེག་རི་འདི་ཚུ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གཙང་ཆུའི་རྒྱུན་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་འབབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འབབ་ཆུ་འདི་ཚུ་ལེ་བརྟེན་ གློག་མེ་ལས་འཛིན་གྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ཐོན་ཁུངས་ལུ་ རྒྱུ་རྐྱེན་སྦོམ་འབད་དོ་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འཛམ་གླིང་གནམ་གཤིས་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ འཁྱེག་རི་ཚུ་བཞུ་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཆུ་རུད་ཀྱི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡང་སྦོམ་ འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཨིན་རུང་ ད་རེས་འཁྱེག་རི་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཚུ་ བསྟན་རྒྱས་ལྷན་ཁག་འོག་གི་ ས་རིག་དང་ས་གཏེར་ལས་ཁུངས་ཀྱིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཉེན་སྲུང་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ལྟ་རྟོག་དང་བཟློག་ཐབས་ཀྱི་ལཱ་ཚུ་འབད་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Glaciers of Bhutan. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaciers_of_Bhutan</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ཨ་ཅོ་གདོང་དཀར་འདི་ ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་དང་ རྒྱ་ནག་གྱི་ལྷོ་ནུབ་ཁ་ཐུག་གི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་གནས་པའི་ གཅན་གཟན་གྱི་རིགས་ཅིག་ཨིན། གཅན་གཟན་འདི་ སྤུ་ཁ་དམར་སྨུག་ མཇུག་མ་རིངམ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6352" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཨ་ཅོ་གདོང་དཀར་འདི་ ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་དང་ རྒྱ་ནག་གྱི་ལྷོ་ནུབ་ཁ་ཐུག་གི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་གནས་པའི་ གཅན་གཟན་གྱི་རིགས་ཅིག་ཨིན། གཅན་གཟན་འདི་ སྤུ་ཁ་དམར་སྨུག་ མཇུག་མ་རིངམ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ བཟོ་རྣམས་བྱི་ལི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ ཨོ་འཐུང་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་རིགས་ནང་ཚུད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འཛམ་གླིང་རི་དྭགས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལས་ཡལ་འགྱོ་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་སྦོམ་ཡོད་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་ཐོ་ནང་ མཚན་རྟགས་དམརཔོ་བཀོད་དེ་ཡོད་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན། ད་རེས་སེམས་ཅན་འདི་ ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་རྒྱ་ནག་ བལ་བུ་ འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་གར་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ བསིལ་དྲོད་དང་ལྡན་མི་ཚུ་ནང་མཐོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
ཨ་ཅོ་གདོང་དཀར་འདི་ ཤིང་གུ་འཛེགས་ནི་ལུ་ རྩལ་དྲགས་ཡོད་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ཤིང་གི་འདབ་མ་དང་མེ་ཏོག་ དེ་ལས་ ཤིང་འབྲས་ཚུ་ཟ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གཙོ་བོ་སྦ་གི་ལྕུག་གུ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་མ་ཚད་སྒོང་རྡོག་དང་ཤིང་གི་སྤགས་ཀོ་ འཕྲལ་འཕྲལ་བྱ་དང་སེམས་ཅན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་རིགས་དང་ ཉའི་རིགས་ཚུ་ཡང་བསད་དེ་ཟ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ ཤ་མུ་དང་ཤིང་གི་ར་ཏོ་ ལྷོན་ལྡུམ་དང་རྩའི་རིགས་ཚུ་ཡང་ཟ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཨ་ཅོ་གདོང་དཀར་ཚུ་ ཤིང་གི་ཞལ་ལག་དང་ཤིང་སྡོང་ཚུ་ནང་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཉིན་མ་བ་ནུབ་མོ་བྱེལ་བྱ་ཆེ་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན། འདི་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཉིམ་ནུབ་ལུ་འཛུལ་ཁམས་ཅིག་ལས་ ལྟོ་འཚེལ་ནི་དང་རང་གི་སྡོད་གནས་ཚུ་སྐོར་སྲུང་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྐོར་སྲུང་འབད་ཐངས་ཡང་ རོ་ཁྱི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཆབ་གསང་བསྡུསཔ་བཏང་སྟེ་རྟགས་བཀལ་བཞག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཨ་ཅོ་གདོང་དཀར་གྱི་ཚེ་ཚད་ ལོ་ ༨ དང་ ༡༠ གི་བར་ནང་ཨིནམ་དང་ ལ་ལུ་གིས་ལོ་ ༡༥ དེ་ཅིག་སྡོད་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ སེམས་ཅན་འདི་གིས་ཕྱུག་གུ་འཚའ་ནི་ལུ་ དུས་ཡུན་ཟླཝ་ ༡༨ འགོར་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཕྱུག་གུ་འཚའ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ལོ་གཉིས་དེ་ཅིག་གི་རྒྱབ་ལས་ དྲནམ་ཁུག་སྟེ་ རང་གིས་ལྟོ་འཚོལ་ཏེ་ཟ་ཚུགསཔ་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
འཛམ་གླིང་རི་དྭགས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབས་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་དང་འཁྲིལཝ་ད་ ཨ་ཅོ་གདོང་དཀར་གྱི་གྱངས་ཁ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ལུ་ སྟོང་ཕྲག་བཅུ་ཐམ་ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ལོ་གཅིག་བ་ལོ་གཅིག་ གྱངས་ཁ་མར་ཉམས་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་ཡང་ འཛམ་གླིང་ས་གཤིས་འགྱུར་བ་དང་བསྟུན་ ཁོང་འཁྱམས་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་ཚུ་ལུ་གནོད་རྐྱེན་བྱུང་སྟེ་ གནམ་གཤིས་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་དང་མ་མཐུན་པའི་རྐྱེན་གྱིས་ ཉམས་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྒྱུ་མཚན་གཅིགཔོ་འདི་ སེམས་ཅན་འདི་གི་སྤུ་ཁ་འཇའ་ཆི་ཆི་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མི་ཚུ་གིས་ལྤགས་ཀོ་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ བསད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་འབདཝ་ལས་ སེམས་ཅན་འདི་གི་རིགས་འདི་ མ་འོངས་པའི་ནང་མེདཔ་འགྱོ་ནིའི་ ཉེན་ཁ་སྦོམ་ཕོག་འདི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
Wikipedia contributors. (2021).Red Panda. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_panda</text>
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    <title>འབྲུག་གི་འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་གི་འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་འདི་ འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་གར་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ དེ་ལས་ རྒྱ་ནག་གི་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་དང་བོད་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་ ཉེན་ཅན་གྱི་འགྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་གི་རི...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3561" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་གི་འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་འདི་ འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་གར་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ དེ་ལས་ རྒྱ་ནག་གི་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་དང་བོད་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་ ཉེན་ཅན་གྱི་འགྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་གི་རིགས་ཅིག་ཨིན། འབྲུག་གི་འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་ལུ་གདོང་ལེན་ཆེ་ཤོས་ར་ ཤ་རོགསཔ་ཚུ་གིས་བདའ་མི་དང་ འཁྱམས་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་མེད་མི་འདི་ཨིན། འབྲུག་ལུ་ འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་འདི་ མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༡༠༠༠ ལས་ ༤༥༠༠ གི་ས་ཁར་ སྦ་དང་ཚར་ཡོད་སའི་ནགས་ཚལ་ནང་མཐོང་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁོང་ཚུ་གིས་ སྦུབ་ཅུང་དང་རྩྭ་ ཤིང་གི་འདབ་མ་ཚུ་ཟཝ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་གིས་ གནམ་དགུན་ལུ་སྡེ་ཚན་ཆུང་ཀུ་དང་ གནམ་བྱཱར་ལུ་ རུ་ཁག་སྦེ་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན། གནམ་དགུན་ལུ་ ཁོང་ཆ་ཁྱབ་ ས་ཁ་དམའ་ས་ལུ་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེའི་སྐབས་ གྱངས་ཁ་ ༡༠-༥༠ སྦེ་མི་སྡེ་ཚན་ནང་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན། མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ དགའ་ས་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ཀའི་ལས་བྱེདཔ་ཅིག་གིས་ འབྲུག་གི་འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་གི་འགྲུལ་སྐྱོད་དང་འཁྱམས་སའི་སྐོར་ལས་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་ཅིག་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་བསྒང་ རིགས་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལེ་ཤ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་ཐོན་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱ་ནག་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རིགས་དེ་ ཡར་ལུང་གཙང་པོ་ཆུའི་མཐའ་མ་ལས་ཕར་ འཁྱམས་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ རྒྱ་གར་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཨ་རུ་ན་ཅཱལ་པར་ཌེཤ་དང་ནུབ་བེང་གཱལ་ འབྲས་ལྗོངས་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་འཁྱམས་ཏེ་སྡོད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲོང་གྱིམ་ཙི་ཕོའི་རིགས་རྒས་ཤོས་ཚུ་ མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ རང་རྐྱང་སྦེ་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན།
&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
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=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bumdeling_Wildlife_Sanctuary&amp;oldid=1012220049</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་གངས་ལྗོངས་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ སྐོབས་ཚུད་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དེའི་བྱང་ཁ་ཐུག་ རྒྱ་ནག་དང་བོད་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་དང་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ ནུབ་ཕྱོ...&quot;</comment>
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སྤྱ་དཀར་ཐལ་མདོག་དང་སྟག་ སྤྱིར་བཏང་གཟིག་ཀྱི་རིགས་ཚུ་ ཚ་དྲོད་ལྡན་པའི་ས་ཁོངས་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་མཐོང་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྡོག་མ་བཏགས་མིའི་ཤིང་དང་ སྦ་དང་ཚར་གྱིས་ ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་དོམ་གནགཔོ་དང་ཨ་ལྕོག་གདོང་དཀར་ ཏོར་ཏོ་ལ་དང་ཤཝ་ རི་ཕག་ ཀ་ཤ་ཚུ་འཁྱམས་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་བྱིནམ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
བྱང་ཁ་ཐུག་གི་ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས་འདི་ གངས་གཟིག་དང་ལུག་ བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རི་དྭགས་ཀྱི་རིགས་དེ་ཚུ་འཁྱམས་ས་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ བྱ་རིགས་ ༧༧༠ དང་ སྔོ་ཤིང་གི་རིགས་ ༥༤༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་གི་ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་རིགས་སྣ་ས་ཁོངས་སྦེ་ངོས་འཛིན་དེེ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་རིགས་སྣའི་ས་ཁོངས་ ༢༣༤ གི་གྲངས་སུ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ རང་བཞིན་སྲུང་གསར་བཏོད་ཀྱི་ནང་ལུ་ དཔེ་སྟོན་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཚུད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྐྱེ་ལྡན་རིགས་སྣ་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་ནིའི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ལས་བསྟོད་བསྔགས་ཚུ་ཡང་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ཡོད། རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཉམས་སྲུང་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་སྣའི་ཐབས་རིག་གི་ནང་ གཙོ་བོ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཞག་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
མ་གཞི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་འདི་ ཨ་རྟག་ཧ་ལུགས་སྦེ་ར་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་ཐབས་ཏེ་ར་ཡོད་རུང་ མ་འོངས་པའི་ནང་ སྐྱོན་མེདཔ་སྦེ་ར་གནས་ཚུགས་ཟེར་སླ་མི་ཚུགས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ང་བཅས་ཚུ་གིས་ མ་འོངས་པའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཐབས་ལམ་ཚུ་བཏོན་དགོཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དེང་སང་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་གྱུར་འགྲོས་དང་གློག་མེ་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་གོང་འཕེལ་ གཏེར་རྫས་ཕྱིར་བཏོན་དང་བཟོ་གྲྭ་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་ ཁྲོམ་ཚོགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་ བཙོག་རྫས་བཀོ་བ་ ལྟ་བཤལ་ བཟོ་སྐྲུན་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཨུ་ཚུགས་འདི་ ད་ལྟོ་ལས་ར་མཐོང་སར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྲིད་བྱུས་ལག་ལེན་འདི་ འཕྲོ་མཐུད་དེ་ར་ ཡར་དྲགས་གཏང་དགོཔ་འདུག། རང་བཞིན་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ལུ་ཐད་ཀར་དུ་བརྟེན་མ་དགོ་པའི་ ཡུན་བརྟན་གྲོང་གསེབ་འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཚུ་ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་དང་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་དགོཔ་ཁག་ཆེ།&lt;/big&gt;  

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Wildlife of Bhutan. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wildlife_of_Bhutan&amp;oldid=1061182199</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་གི་ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་སྐེ་ནག་འདི་ གནམ་དགུན་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༠ པ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཁམས་ལས་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ཟླཝ་སྦུག་ལུ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ ས་གནས་ཕོབ་སྦྱིས་ཁ་ལུ་འཁྱམ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། བྱ་འདི་ཚུ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="9331" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་གི་ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་སྐེ་ནག་འདི་ གནམ་དགུན་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༠ པ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཁམས་ལས་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ཟླཝ་སྦུག་ལུ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ ས་གནས་ཕོབ་སྦྱིས་ཁ་ལུ་འཁྱམ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། བྱ་འདི་ཚུ་ གནམ་བྱཱར་འཁྱམ་སའི་ས་གནས་བོད་ཀྱི་རི་ཐང་ལས་འོངམ་ཨིན་པས། ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་ཚུ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ རྒྱབ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ས་ཁོངས་ཕོབ་སྦྱིས་ཁ་ལུང་གཤོང་ནང་ལུ་འཁྱམ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་དང་དབུས་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཚུ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ དག་པ་རེ་འཁྱམ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་སྐེ་ནང་ཚུ་ ཕོབ་སྦྱིས་ཁ་ལུ་ལྷོད་པའི་སྐབས་ སྐོར་ར་རྐྱབ་པའི་ཚུལ་ལུ་ སྒང་སྟེང་ལྷ་ཁང་ཚར་གསུམ་སྐོར་ར་རྐྱབ་ཨིནམ་དང་ གནམ་སོ་ཀ་ལོག་བོད་ལུ་འཕུར་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ སྐོར་ར་ཚར་ཚར་གསུམ་རྐྱབ་ཏེ་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་སྐེ་ནག་(བོད་ཀྱི་ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་།) འདི་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་རང་བཞིན་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་མཐུན་ཚོགས་ (IUCN) ནང་ཉམས་ཉེན་ཅན་གྱི་རིགས་སྣའི་གྲངས་སུ་ཚུན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་གི་རིགས་བཅུ་དྲུག་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ མཇུག་ལུ་ངོས་འཛིན་བྱུང་མི་ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་སྐེ་ནག་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༧༦ ལུ་  ཨུ་རུ་སུ་(Russia) གི་དམག་མི་ ནི་ཀོ་ལེ་པིརི་ཞཱལ་ཨིསི་ཀི་(Nikolay Przhevalsky) གིས་བོད་ཀྱི་རི་ཐང་ལུ་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱིས་ རིགས་སྣ་འདི་དམིགས་བསལ་སྦེ་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་ཡོདདང་ དེ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་འཛིན་རང་བཞིན་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གིས་ ས་གནས་ཕོབ་སྦྱིས་ཁག་ལུ་ས་ཆ་རྒྱ་ཚད་ གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༡༦༣ གྱི་ནང་ལུ་ སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ས་ཁོངས་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱིས་ཕོབ་སྦྱིས་ཁ་ལུང་གཤོང་ནང་ལུ་ སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ས་ཁོངས་འདི་ ༢༠༠༣ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཞབད་ནུག། རྒྱལ་འཛིན་རང་བཞིན་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཚོགས་སྡེ་ལུ་ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་སྐེ་ནག་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་མེན་པར་ གཞན་མི་ཉམས་ཉེན་ཅན་གྱི་རིགས་སྣ་ ༡༣ ཡང་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་དགོ་པའི་འགན་དདབང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༠ གི་ཧེ་མ་སྣང་མེད་སྦེ་བཞག་ཡོད་རུང་ དེ་ལས་ཚུར་ ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་གསད་མི་ལུ་ བཙོན་ཁྲིམས་བཀལ་ནི་གི་ཁྲིམས་ལུགས་ཚུ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ དམ་དམ་སྦེ་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་སྐེ་ནག་ལུ་བརྩི་བཀུར་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ལོ་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་ ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་སྐེ་ནག་ཚུ་བོད་ཀྱི་རི་ཐང་ལས་སྒངསྟེང་ལུ་ལྷོད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༡ ལུ་ ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་གི་དུས་སྟོན་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འ་ནཱི་དུས་སྟོན་འདི་ མཇལ་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཕྱི་ལས་ལྟ་བཤལཔ་ལེ་འོང་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
=== གྲངས་རློབས། ===
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ལོ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་ ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་སྐེ་ནག་འདི་ མང་ཤོས་ར་ ཕོབ་སྦྱིས་ཁ་ལུང་གཤོང་ནང་ལུ་འཁྱམ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་འཁྱམ་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་གཞན་ཡང་ འབུམ་སྡེ་གླིང་ ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་ སྟག་མོ་ཆུ་ ཐང་སྦྱིས་ཁར་ས་ བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་ བུམ་ཐང་ བྱ་དཀར་ བསམ་གཏན་སྒང་ དགེ་ཙ་ ཁོ་ཐག་ཁ་ སྒོར་སྒོ་ན་དང་དབང་འདུས་ཚུ་ཨིན། ཨིན་རུང་ གཙོ་བོ་འདི་ཕོབ་སྦྱིས་ཁ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ས་གནས་འདི་ནང་ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་སྐེ་ནང་གི་གྱངས་ཁ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦/༨༧ ལུ་ ༡༢༠ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༠ ལུ་ ༢༡༩ དང་ དེ་རེས་ནངས་པ་ ༢༧༠ ལུ་ ཡང་སེང་སོང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ད་རེས་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་སྐེ་ནང་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༡༡༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མང་ཤོས་ར་རྒྱ་ནག་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་ཚུ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ༥༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་དང་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་ས་གནས་ཨ་རུ་ན་ཅཱལ་པར་དེཤ་དང་ཝེཊ་ནམ་ལུ་ཡང་དག་པ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
=== གནོད་ཉེན། ===
འབྲུག་ལུ་ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་འཁྱམ་ས་འདི་ གཙོ་བོ་ར་ཆུ་ཞིང་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལཱ་དང་མི་གི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ གྱངས་ཁ་མར་བབས་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ཉམས་ཉེན་ཅན་སྦེ་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཆུ་རུད་བྱུང་མི་འདི་གིས་འབུམ་སྡེ་གླིང་རི་དྭགས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ས་ཁོངས་ནང་གི་ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་འཁྱམ་ས་འདི་མེདཔ་བཏང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ ཁྲིམས་ལུགས་དང་དམ་འཛིན་ཚུ་སྒྲིང་སྒྲི་མེད་པ་ཅིན་ མ་འོངས་པའི་ནང་ལྟ་བཤལཔ་འདི་ཡང་ གནོད་ཉེན་ཅིག་ལུ་འགྱུར་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Black-necked cranes in Bhutan. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black-necked_cranes_in_Bhutan&amp;oldid=1053991247</text>
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    <title>འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ག།</title>
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      <text bytes="8130" xml:space="preserve">=== འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ ཧེ་མ་རི་ནག་པོ་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ག་ཟེར་མི་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ག་འདི་ ས་ཆ་རྒྱ་ཚད་ གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༡༧༣༠ གི་ནང་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་གིས་རི་ནག་པོ་དང་ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ་གི་རི་རྒྱུད་ཚུ་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབདཝ་ཨིན། གླིང་ག་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ གྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ས་གནས་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་དང་ གསར་སྤང་དང་རྩེ་རང་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་ གཞལམ་སྒང་གི་ས་གནས་ལ་ཅིག་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན།  གླིང་ག་འདི་གི་ཤར་ཕྱོགསས་ལུ་ མང་སྡེ་ཆུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ནུབ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་སོན་ཀོཤ་དང་སྤུ་ན་གཙང་ཆུ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ ཤར་ལྷོ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་མ་ནཱསི་གླིང་ག་འདི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གླིང་ག་འདི་གི་ནུབ་དང་ཤར་ལྷོ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ ཤར་ནུབ་ཀྱི་གཞུང་ལམ་དང་བྱང་ལྷོ་གི་གཞུང་ལམ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། གླིང་ག་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཤར་ལྷོ་དང་དབུས་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་གླིང་ག་ཚུ་དང་ཡང་ས་མཚམས་མཐུད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གླིང་ག་འདི་གི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ལུ་ གཙོ་བོ་ཤིང་འདབ་མ་སྦོམ་གྱི་རིགས་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
=== བདག་སྐྱོང་། ===
==== ཡིག་ཚང་ལྟེ་བ། ====
གླིང་ཁ་འདི་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་ལཏེ་བ་འདི་ ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚང་ཁ་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གླིང་ག་འདི་ལུ་ ཡན་ལག་བདག་སྐྱོང་ཡིག་ཚང་བཞི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
==== སྟག་ཤར་ཡན་ལག་ཡིག་ཚང་། ====
དབང་འདུས་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ཨ་ཐང་རྒེད་འོག་དང་ རྩི་རང་རྫོངཁག་གི་སེར་གྱི་ཐང་རྒེད་འོག་ཚུ་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན།
==== གླང་མཐིལ་ཡན་ལག་ཡིག་ཚང་། ====
	ཏིང་ཏི་སྦིས་དང་གླང་མཐིལ་རྒེད་འོག་ཚུ་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན།
=== ཏིང་ཏི་སྦིས་ཡན་ལག་ཡིག་ཚང་། ===
	གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ཀྲོང་རྒེད་འོག་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན།
==== མནའ་སྦིས་ཡན་ལག་ཡིག་ཚང་། ====
འདི་ནང་ ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་སྐོར་ཕུག་རྒོད་འོག་དང་ གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་འཇིགས་མེད་ཆོས་གླིང་རྒེད་འོག་ཚུ་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན། ཡན་ལག་ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་ནང་ ས་གནས་མཐའ་ཟུར་ཚུ་ཚུད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ས་ཁོངས་འདི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་རབས་ཅན་གྱི་མནའ་སྦིས་ལྷ་ཁང་ཡང་ཚུད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
==== ལས་བྱེདཔ། ====
ད་རེས་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ག་ནང་ ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ལས་བྱེདཔ་ ༣༨ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཚུ་ལས་ ༣༤ འདི་ ཁྱད་རིག་ལས་གཡོགཔ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ༤ འདི་ཁྱད་རིག་མིན་པའི་ལས་བྱེདཔ་ཨིན།
==== དམིགས་སྐྱེད་དང་དམིགས་དོན། ====
གླིང་ག་འདི་གི་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་ རང་བཞིན་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་རིགས་སྣ་ཚུ་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་ནི་དང་ མི་མང་གི་བརྩི་མཐོང་དང་རེ་འདོད་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ འོག་ལུ་བཀོད་མི་དམིགས་དོན་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
* དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་རིམ་ལུགས་ཚུ་ ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ དེ་ལས་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི།
* ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་རྒྱལ་རབས་ དེ་ལས་ ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ས་ཁོངས་ཚུ་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནི།
* གླིང་ག་གི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ ཡུན་བརྟན་སྦེ་ལག་ལེནན་འཐབ་སྟེ་ གླིང་ག་གི་ཉེ་འདབས་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་མི་སྡེ་ཚུ་གི་མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི།
 
==== མ་འོངས་པའི་འཆར་གཞི། ====
གླིང་ག་འདི་གིས་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་དང་ལྟ་རྟོག་ རི་དྭགས་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ ཉམས་སྲུང་གི་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྤྲོད་ནི་དང་ཡུན་བརྟན་འཚོ་སྐྱོང་ དེ་ལས་ གླིང་གའི་མཐའ་འཁོར་གྱི་མི་སྡེ་གི་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཟུངམ་ཨིན་པས། གླིང་ག་འདི་གིས་ འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡད་དྲག་གཏང་ནི་དང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་རིགས་སྣ་ཡུན་བརྟན་སྦེ་བཞག་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ས་གནས་ནང་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་གི་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་ལྟ་བཤལ་གྱི་ལས་འགུལ་དང་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་དགོཔ་སྦེ་སེམས་ཤུགས་བྱིན་ནི་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
  
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jigme_Singye_Wangchuck_National_Park&amp;oldid=1022639016</text>
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    <title>ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན།</title>
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      <text bytes="6762" xml:space="preserve">=== ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་(Marmota himalayana) བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་གྱི་རིགས་ཨིནམ་དང་ ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས་ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ་དང་བོད་ཀྱི་རི་ཐངས་ནང་འཁྱམས་ཏེ་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་བཞིན་སྲུང་སྐྱོབས་མཐུན་ཚོགས་ (IUCN) ཀྱིས་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་གྱངས་ཁ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་གཉེན་ཁག་ཉུང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན་སྦེ་བཤདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ཁྱད་ཆོས། ===
&lt;big&gt;ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་གྱི་རྒྱབ་ཁར་སྤུ་དཀརཔོ་ སྟུག་པག་པ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྣམ་ཅོག་དང་ཕོཝ་ དེ་ལས་རྐང་ལག་ཚུ་གསེརཔོ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷ་པའི་རུ་ཏོ་དང་མཇུག་མ་གི་མཐའམ་འདི་རྒྱ་སྨུག་སྦེ་ཡོད། ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་འདི་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་གི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་གྱི་རིགས་ལས་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། སྤྱི་བཏང་ ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ལྗིད་ཚད་འདི་ དགུན་ཚང་བཅའ་བའི་ཤུལ་སོ་ཁ་ལུ་ཀི་ཇི་ཉུང་ཤོས་ ༤ དང་ མཐོ་ཤོས་སེ་ཁ་ལུ་ ཀི་ཇི་༩.༢ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཕོ་མོ་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ནང་ གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ལྗིད་ཚད་ཀི་ཇི་༧ ལས་ལྷག་སྟེ་འཐོནམ་ཨིན། གཟུགས་ཀྱི་རིང་ཐུང་སྡོམས་ཀྱི་སེན་ཊི་མི་ཀྲར་ ༤༥ ལས་ ༦༧ ཡོདཔ་དང་ མཇུག་མ་གི་རི་ཐུང་སེན་ཊི་མི་ཀྲར་ ༡༢ ལས་ ༡༥ གི་བར་ན་འོངམ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== བགོ་བཀྲམ་དང་འཁྱམ་ས། ===
&lt;big&gt;ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་འདི ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡ་ས་ཁོངས་དང་བོད་ཀྱི་རི་ཐང་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་ལས་མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཀྲ་༣༠༠༠ ལས་ ༥༠༠༠ གི་བར་ན་ པ་པ་ཀིསི་ཊན་གྱི་བྱང་ཤར་ རྒྱ་གར་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ བལ་པོ་ འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་ནག་རྒྱབ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱ་ནག་གི་མངའ་སྡེ་ ཤིན་ཇི་ཧང་ ཀིང་ཧའི་ གངས་ཞུ་ ཞི་ཟང་ སི་ཅུ་ཝན་ཀྱི་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་དང་ཡུ་ནན་ཚུ་ནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་འདི་ ས་བསིལ་སར་འཁྱམ་ཏེ་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== སྐྱེས་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་བྱ་སྤྱོད། ===
&lt;big&gt;ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་ཚུ་གིས་ས་ཁོངས་གཅིག་ནང་སྡེ་ཚན་སྦེ་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན་དང་ དགུན་ཚང་བཅའ་བའི་སྐབས་སྡོད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་གཏིང་རིངམོ་སྦེ་ཚང་དོང་བརྐོཝ་ཨིན། ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་ཚུ་ སེར་ཁ་མཇུག་ལས་སོ་ཁ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཁམས་ ཟླཝ་༧ དང་ཕྱེད་དེ་ཅིག་དགུན་ཚང་བཅའ་བ་ནང་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཚང་དོང་གྱི་གཞིང་འདི་ མི་ཀྲར་༢ ལས་༡༠ གི་བར་ན་ཡོདཔ་དང་ བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་ཚུ་བཟའ་ཚང་གྱངས་ཁ་་༡༠ དེ་ཅིག་སྦེ་གཅིག་ཁར་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན། བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་ཚུ་གིས་ཙྭ་འབྲོག་ནང་སྐྱེས་མི་་སྔོ་ཤིང་ འཇམ་ཅུ་ཅུ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་བཟའཝ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;  
=== སྐྱེ་འཕེལ་དང་་ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་མི་ཟ་སེམས་ཅན། ===
&lt;big&gt;ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་ཚུ་ ལོ་གཉིས་ལངམ་ད་ཕྱུ་གུ་འཚའ་ཚུགསཔ་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན། ཟླཝ་གཅིག་གི་མངལ་རྫོགས་ཏེ་ ཨའི་གཅིག་གིས་དུས་མཉམ་ལུ་སྐྱེས་མིའི་ཕྱུ་གུ་གྱངས་ཁ་༢ ལས་ ༡༡ བར་ན་འཚའཝ་ཨིན། བོད་ཀྱི་རི་ཐང་གི་ས་ཁོངས་ནང་ ཧི་མ་ལ་ཡའི་བྱི་ཙི་སྒོམ་ཆེན་ཚུ་ གངས་གཟིག་ཚུ་གི་སྲོག་ཟས་ཨིན། གཞན་ཤ་ཟའི་སེམས་ཅན་ བོད་ཀྱི་ཕརཝ་ འ་དོམ་ དེ་ལས་བྱ་སྦོམ་གྱི་རིགས་ བྱ་ཧོ་ཅུང་ བྱིའུ་ཁྲ་ བྱ་རྒོད་དང་ཁུ་རྒོད་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་ཟཝ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Himalayan marmot. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_marmot</text>
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    <title>ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-04-05T10:43:14Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ ཇ་པཱན་གཞུང་གི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་དོན་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་གྲོགས་རམ་གནང་མི་གཞུང་གི་ལས་སྡེ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་ཡོད་མི་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="11332" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ ཇ་པཱན་གཞུང་གི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་དོན་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་གྲོགས་རམ་གནང་མི་གཞུང་གི་ལས་སྡེ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་ཡོད་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ མི་སྡེ་དང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། དཔལ་འབྱོར་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་སྡེའི་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྲོགས་རམ་ཚོགས་ཆུང་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༠ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༠ པའི་ནང་ ཇ་པཱན་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེའི་བསྐྱར་ཞིབ་མཐིལ་ཕྱིནམ་ཅིག་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༥ ལས་ ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེའི་གཙོ་འཛིན་བགྲེསཔ་ མཁས་དབང་ཤི་ནི་ཅི་ཀི་ཀྲའོ་ཀ་གིས་འགོ་ཁྲིད་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
ཧེ་མམ་གི་ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ གཞུང་ཕྱེད་ལས་ཚོགས་ཨིནམ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འོག་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༤ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་པའི་ ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་གསརཔ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༠ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༠ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཚུར་ ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་ནང་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྡེ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༡༥༠ དང་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་གྱི་ཡིག་ཚང་ ༩༧ དེ་ཅིག་ལས་ཕར་ ལས་འགུལ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཐོན་ཁུངས་ ཡུ་ཨེསི་ཌོ་ལར་ཐེར་འབུམ་ ༨.༥ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ད་ལྟོ་ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འོག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ བསྐྱར་བཟོ་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ལུ་ ཇ་པཱན་གྱི་གྲོགས་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་ནིའི་འགན་ཁུར་ཡང་ཕོགཔ་ཨིན། ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་གསརཔ་འདི་གིས་ མ་འོངས་པའི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་གོང་འཕེལ་ཐབས་རིག་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གཙུག་སྡེ་དང་ཅིག་ཁར་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་ཚུའི་ནང་ལྷན་ཐབས་ཚུ་འབད་དེ་ ཞིབ་འཚོལ་དང་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་གྱི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཚུ་ཡང་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གིས་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་བའི་ཉིནམ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་གྱི་མི་མང་ལས་བྱེདཔ་དང་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་པ་ བཟོ་རིག་འགོ་དཔོན་ སློབ་སྟོན་པ་ མི་སྡེ་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་ཚུ་རྩིས་ཏེ་ ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༨༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ཚུ་བྱིན་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
ད་ལྟོ་ ལས་སྡེ་འདི་གིས་ ཁོང་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ ལག་ལེན་དང་ལས་སོགས་ཀྱི་འགྱུར་བཅོས་ཚུ་འབད་བའི་བསྒང་ར་འདུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེའི་སྲིད་འཛིན་ ས་ད་ཀོ་ཨོ་ག་ཏ་གིས་སླབ་མིའི་ནང་ ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེའི་ལས་རིམ་དང་ལས་འགུལ་ཡར་སེང་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ མིའི་ཉེན་སྲུང་བྱིན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན་ཟེར་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་ཀྱི་རིང་ལུ་ ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེའི་སྲིད་འཛིན་རིམ་ཐེངས་གསུམ་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ལས་ ༢༠༡༢ ཚུན་ ས་ད་ཀོ་ཨོ་ག་ཏ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༢ ལས་ ༢༠༡༥ ཚུན་ ཨ་ཀི་ཧི་ཀོ་ཏ་ན་ཀ་ དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༥ ལས་ད་ཚུན་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་ ཤི་ནི་ཅི་ཀི་ཀྲའོ་ཀ་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་འདི་ ཁྱད་རིག་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་དང་ མ་རྩ་གྲོགས་རམ་ ཡེན་གྱི་སྐྱིན་འགྲུལ་ཚུ་བྱིན་མིའི་ ཇ་པཱན་གཞུང་དོན་གོང་འཕེལ་གྲོགས་རམ་གྱི་ཆ་ཤས་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་གི་གོང་འཕེལ་ལས་རིམ་གཙོ་བོ་འདི་ར་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་དང་གཙུག་སྡེ་གོང་འཕེལ་ འོས་འབབ་ཅན་གྱི་ཤེས་ཡོན་དང་ འཆར་གཞི་ཨམ་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཁྱད་རིག་གི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ལས་རིམ་དང་ལས་འགུལ་ཚུ་ཨིན། ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེའི་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་དེ་ཡང་ ཇ་པཱན་དང་ གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་བའི་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མི་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ ཟམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ཆ་ལས་ ཡོན་ཏན་དང་ཉམ་མྱོང་ཚུ་བརྗེ་སོར་འབད་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་འདི་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གཏང་ནི་དང་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ཞི་བདེ་ཅན་གྱི་འཛམ་གླིང་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནིའི་ནང་ ལཱ་ཚུ་འབད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་གིས་ གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་བའི་བསྒང་ཡོད་མི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་མཅའ་མར་བཏོགས་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ གསོ་བ་དང་བཟོ་གྲྭ་ སོ་ནམ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུའི་ནང་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ཚུ་ཡང་བྱིནམ་ཨིན། སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཇ་པཱན་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་དང་ སྡེ་ཚན་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ ངོ་རྐྱང་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་བྱིནམ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
 ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེ་ལུ་ བཅའ་མར་བཏོགས་མི་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཁོང་རའི་ སྡོད་སའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ར་ ཇ་པཱན་ལུ་གལ་གནད་ཅན་གྱི་ཁྲོམ་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ འདི་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་ལྟེ་བ་ཟེར་ཡང་སླབ་ཨིན། ཊོ་ཀི་ཡོ་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་ལྟེ་བ་འདི་ ཧ་ཏ་ག་ཡ་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མཐུན་རྐྱེན་འདི་ཚུ་ཡང་ སྤུས་ཚད་ཅན་ཙང་ཙ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ ཁ་གསལ་ཚུ་ ཇ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ལས་སྡེའི་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་འཆར་སྒོ་ནང་ཡོད།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Japan International Cooperation Agency. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency&amp;oldid=1063894578</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ འཛམ་གླིང་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་རང་བཞིན་མ་དངུལ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༡ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་རི་དྭགས་ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་མི་གི་གནོད་པ་ཚུ་མར་ཕབ་འབད་མི་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5190" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ འཛམ་གླིང་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་རང་བཞིན་མ་དངུལ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༡ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་རི་དྭགས་ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ལུ་མི་གི་གནོད་པ་ཚུ་མར་ཕབ་འབད་མི་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གཞུང་མིན་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་ཨིན། ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་མིང་ལུ་ཧེ་མ་ འཛམ་གླིང་རི་དྭགས་མ་དངུལ་ཟེར་བཏགས་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ཀེ་ན་ཌ་དང་ཡུ་ནའེ་ཊེཌ་ཨིསི་ཊེཌ་ལུ་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་མིང་ཅིག་སྦེ་ལུས་ནུག། འཛམ་གླིང་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་རང་བཞིན་མ་དངུལ་འདི་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་པ་ས་ཡ་ལྔ་ཡོད་པའི་ལས་ཚོགས་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ༡༠༠ ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་ནང་ལུ་ ལཱ་འབད་དོཡོདཔ་ད་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་ཉམས་སྲུང་ལས་འགུལ་ ༣༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
ང་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༥ ལས་ཉམས་སྲུང་གསར་གཏོད་ཚུ་ནང་ ཡུ་ཨེསི་ཌོ་ལར་མ་དངུལ་ཐེར་འབུམ་ ༡ དེ་ཅིག་གཏང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། འཛམ་གླིང་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་རང་བཞིན་མ་དངུལ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༤ ལོའི་ནང་ ངོ་རྐྱང་དང་ཤུལ་བཞག་ལས་མ་དངུལ་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༥༥% དང་ གཞུང་གི་ཐོན་ཁུངས་དཔེར་ན། འཛམ་གླིང་དངུལ་ཁང་། ཌི་ཨེཕ་ཨའེ་ཌི། ཡུ་ཨེསི་ཨེ་ཨའེ་ཌི་ལས་མ་དངུལ་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༡༩% དེ་ལས་ ལས་འཛིན་ཚུ་ལས་ མ་དངུལ་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༧% འཐོབ་པའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཅིག་ཨིན། འཛམ་གླིང་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་རང་བཞིན་མ་དངུལ་གིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་གི་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཉམས་འགྱོ་ནི་ལས་བཀག་ནི་དང་ མ་འོངས་པ་ནང་མི་ཚུ་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མཐུན་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་གཏད་སྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
འཛམ་གླིང་འཚོ་བའི་སྙན་ཞུ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༨ ལས་འཛམ་གླིང་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་རང་བཞིན་མ་དངུལ་གྱིས་ ལོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ཚར་རེ་དཔེ་སྐྲུན་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ འཛམ་གླིང་འཚོ་བའི་བརྡ་དོན་དང་ སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གྱི་རྗེས་ཤུལ་ཚོད་རྩིས་ཚུ་ལུ་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་གིས་ཡང་མ་ཚད་ འཛམ་གླིང་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་རང་བཞིན་མ་དངུལ་གྱིས་ earth hour བརྩིས་པའི་སྐད་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱིས་འཛམ་གླིང་ཡོངས་ཁྱབ་སྐུལ་བསྒྲགས་དག་པ་ཅིག་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ད་ལྟོ་འཕྲལ་ལུ་ ལས་ཚོགས་འདི་གི་ལཱ་འདི་ བཞེས་སྒོ། གནམ་གཤིས། ཆུ་གཙང་ཏོག་ཏོ། རི་དྭགས་སེམས་ཅན། ནགས་ཚལ་དང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་བཅས་ ས་གོ་དྲུག་ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་ནང་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). World Wide Fund for Nature. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature&amp;oldid=1062221584</text>
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    <title>འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;=== འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད། === &lt;big&gt;༉ ཕིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༧ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་ནང་ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་ཚུ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="10879" xml:space="preserve">=== འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ ཕིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༧ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་ནང་ཆོས་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་ཚུ་ ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། དཔེ་མཛོད་འདི་ ཐིམ་ཕུ་ཀ་ཝང་བྱང་ས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་སྤེལ་ཁང་གི་ཉེ་འདབས་ལུ་ ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།.
&lt;/big&gt;
=== བྱུང་རབས། ===
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད་འདི་ འགོ་དང་པ་ར་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༧ ལུ་ གལ་ཆེ་བའི་དཔེ་ཆ་དག་པ་ཅིག་བསྡུ་སྒྲིག་འབད་དེ་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་ (1911-༢༠༠༣) མཆོག་གི་སྐྱབས་འཛིན་འོག་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་ནུག། འགོ་དང་པ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲིས་ཆོསརྫོང་གི་དབུ་རྩེ་ནང་ལུ་ཨིན་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་དཔེ་མཛོད་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་བསྡུ་གསོག་ཚུ་ལེ་ཤ་སྦེ་འོང་མི་དང་འབྲེལ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལྕང་སྒང་ཁ་ལུ་སྤོ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ གལ་ཅན་གྱི་ཕྱག་དཔེ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་ གཏན་བཞུགས་ཀྱི་ཕོ་བྲང་ཅིག་ཕུལ་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཀ་ཝང་བྱང་ས་ལུ་ད་རེས་ཡོད་པའི་རང་ལུགསཀྱི་ཁྱིམ་ཐོག་ཚད་བཞི་མ་འདི་ བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། དཔེ་མཛོད་གསར་བཞེངས་ཀྱི་མ་དངུལ་འདི་ཡང་ ཡོངས་རྫོགས་སྦེ་ར་འབྲུག་གཞུང་གིས་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
རང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་དཔེ་ཆ་ཚུ་བསྡུ་གསོག་འབད་དེ་བཞག་ཡོད་པའི་ཁང་ཁྱིམ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༤ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༣ ལུ་ སྐྱབས་རྗེ་དིལ་གོ་མཁྱེན་བརྩེ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ ལྷ་ཁང་སྦེ་རབ་གནས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༤ གི་ལོ་མཇུག་བསྡུ་ཁམས་ལུ་ ཡོངས་རྫོགས་སྦེ་ ས་གོ་འདི་ནང་ལུ་སྤོ་བཤུད་འབད་གནང་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
=== མདོ་ཆེན། ===
* དགེ་བཤེས་ ཚེ་དབང། (༡༩༦༧ ལས་ ༡༩༧༣)
* སློབ་དཔོན་ པདྨ་ལ། (༡༩༧༣ ལས་ ༡༩༩༣)
* སངས་རྒྱས་དབང་ཕྱུག། (༡༩༩༣ ལས་ ༡༩༩༩)
* མི་ཉག་ ཨར་ སྤྲུལ་སྐུ། (༡༩༩༩ ལས་ ༢༠༠༤)
* རྡོ་རྗེ་ཚེ་རིང་། (༢༠༠༥ ལས་ ༢༠༠༧)
* མགོན་པོ་ཚེ་རིང་། (༢༠༠༧ ལས་ ༢༠༡༠)
* ཧར་ཀ་ བི་ གུ་རུང་། (༢༠༡༠-)
=== རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གཏན་མཛོད། ===
&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གཏན་མཛོད་ཀྱི་འགན་ཁུར་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཡིག་ཆ་ཁ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཚུ་ བསྡུ་སྒྲིག་འབད་དེ་ མ་འོངས་པའི་མི་རྒྱུད་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་དེ་བཞག་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་པས། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༠ ལུ་ ཌེན་མཀ་གཞུང་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གཏན་མཛོད་ལུ་ དེང་སང་གི་གཏན་མཛོད་སྒྲིང་ཁྱིམ་རྐྱབ་ནི་ལུ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབད་ནི་སྦེ་མཚན་རྟགས་བཀོད་གནང་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༤ ལུ་བསྒྲུབས་མི་ འ་ནཱི་ཐོག་ཚད་གཉིས་འབད་མི་སྒྲིང་ཁྱིམ་འདི་ དེང་སང་གི་ཉེན་སྲུང་དང་མེ་རྐྱེན་ཉེན་བརྡ་གི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ དྲོད་ཤུགས་དང་རློན་གཤེར་ཚད་འཛིན་འབད་ནི་གི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;br&gt;
གཏན་མཛོད་ཀྱི་མཛོད་ཁང་ནང་ལུ་ ཡིག་ཆ་རྙིངམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་ཡིག་ཆ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཡིག་རིགས་རྙིངམ་དང་ ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་པར་བདུན་སྟོང་ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། གཏན་མཛོད་ནང་ལུ་ དཀོན་དྲགས་ཡོད་པའི་དཔེ་དེབ་དང་ པར་གཞི་ཡི་གུ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཕྲ་གཟུགས་བརྙན་ཤོག་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཕྲ་གཟུགས་བརྙན་ཤོག་བཟོ་ནི་གི་ཞབས་ཏོག། ===
&lt;big&gt;འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད་ཀྱིས་ དཀོན་དྲགས་ཡོད་པའི་ཡིག་ཆ་དང་དཔེ་ཆ་ཚུ་ཡོད་མི་ གཙུག་སྡེ་དང་མི་ངོ་རྐྱང་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཕྲ་གཟུགས་བརྙན་པར་བཟོ་ནི་གི་ཞབས་ཏོག་རིན་མེད་སྟོང་པ་སྦེ་ ཕུལཝ་ཨིན་པས། ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་གིས་ འདི་བཟུམ་གྱི་གལ་ཅན་གྱི་ཡིག་ཆ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ ཡུན་བརྟན་སྦེ་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དཔེ་མཛོད་ནང་འབག་འོངས་ཏེ་ ཕྲ་གཟུགས་བརྙན་ཤོག་བཟོ་དགོ་པའི་སེམས་ཤུགས་སྤྲོདཔ་ཨིན། ཡིག་ཆ་འདི་ ཕྲ་གཟུགས་བརྙན་ཤོག་བཟོ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཡིག་ཆ་ངོ་མ་འདི་ལོག་ཇོ་བདག་ལུ་ཕྲ་གཟུགས་བརྙན་ཤོག་དང་སྦྲགས་ཏེ་སྤྲོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཕྲ་གཟུགས་བརྙན་ཤོག་གཅིག་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གཏན་མཛོད་ནང་བདག་འཛིན་འབད་དེ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་། ===
&lt;big&gt;གཏན་མཛོད་ཀྱིས་གཙོ་བོ་ར་ ཤོག་ཀུ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཡིག་ཆ་ཚུ་དང་འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་ཨིན་པས། ཤོག་ཀུ་འདི་ རང་བཞིན་གྱི་རྒྱུ་ཆ་གིས་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དུས་དང་བསྟུན་ མེདཔ་ཐལ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེང་སང་གི་ཤོག་ཀུ་ནང་ པར་སྐྲུན་འབད་མི་ཡིག་ཆ་ཚུ་ཡང་ རྫས་སྦྱོར་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མགྱོགས་པར་མེདཔ་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན་པས། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ པར་དང་ཡིག་ཆ་ཚུ་ ཉམས་སྲུང་གི་དོན་ལུ་བཞགཔ་ད་ འ་ནཱི་རྫས་སྦྱོར་མེདཔ་སྦེ་བཟོ་དགོཔ་འདི་ཁག་ཆེ།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁྲིམས་མཐུན་གྱི་བཅའ་ཁྲིམས། ===
&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༧ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༠ ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་གིས་ འབྲུག་གི་ཡིག་ཆའི་སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་ཚུ་ ཁྲིམས་མཐུན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་བསྡུ་སྒྲིག་འབད་དེ་ ཡིག་ཐོག་དང་གློག་ཐོག་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ནི་ ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་དགོ་པའི་བཅའ་ཁྲིམས་ཆ་འཇོག་འབད་གནང་ནུག། བཅའ་ཁྲིམས་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ དོན་ཚན་བརྒྱད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). National Library of Bhutan. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Library_of_Bhutan&amp;oldid=1043056366</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག་འོག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ གླིང་མེད་ཐང་ཁྲོམ་དང་ཐི་ཐསག་སྦིས་གཡུས་ཀྱི་སྦུགས་ན་ཡོད་པའི་ལུང་གཤོང་མཐོང་ཚུགས་མི་ གཞོང་སྒར་རྫོང་འདི་དུས་རབས་ཧེ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1524" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག་འོག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ གླིང་མེད་ཐང་ཁྲོམ་དང་ཐི་ཐསག་སྦིས་གཡུས་ཀྱི་སྦུགས་ན་ཡོད་པའི་ལུང་གཤོང་མཐོང་ཚུགས་མི་ གཞོང་སྒར་རྫོང་འདི་དུས་རབས་ཧེ་མའི་བྱང་ཁོག་སྦོམ་གཅིག་ཨིན། རྫོང༌འདི༌དུས༌རབས༌༡༧ པའི་༌ནང༌ ཀུ་རི་ཆུ་ལས་བཏོན་པའི་རྡོ་དཀར་གྱིས་བཞེངས་ནུག། ཧེ་མ་ཚར་ཅིག་ རྫོང༌འདི༌གིས༌སའི༌ཨེ༌ཀར༌༤ དེ་ཅིག་ཁྱབ་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་རྫོང་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མས། རྫོང་གི་སྦོམ་ཆུང་དང་བཟོ་སྐྲུན་གྱི་རྒྱུ་ལུ་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ མིང་ཡང་གཞོང་དཀར་ཟེར་ཡོངས་གྲགས་གྱུར་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021).Zhongar Dzong. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhongar_Dzong</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;=== ལྕང་སྒང་ཁ་ལྷ་ཁང་། === &lt;big&gt;༉ ཆུང་སྟོབས་ཅན་གྱི་ལྕང་སྒང་ཁ་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལྟེ་བའི་རྒྱབ་ཁར་སྤོ་ཏོ་གུར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དུས་རབས་ ༡༣་པ་ཡངན་༡༤་པའི་ནང་བཞེངས་ཡོད་པའི་ ལྷ་ཁང...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="8452" xml:space="preserve">=== ལྕང་སྒང་ཁ་ལྷ་ཁང་། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ ཆུང་སྟོབས་ཅན་གྱི་ལྕང་སྒང་ཁ་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལྟེ་བའི་རྒྱབ་ཁར་སྤོ་ཏོ་གུར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དུས་རབས་ ༡༣་པ་ཡངན་༡༤་པའི་ནང་བཞེངས་ཡོད་པའི་ ལྷ་ཁང་རྙིང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་གི་གཞི་འགྱམ་དང་ཆ་ཤས་ཚུ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་རྙིང་ཤོས་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་ཡང་ དུས་ཧེ་མ་དུས་རབས་༡༧པའི་ནང་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཅིག་གྱུར་གནང་པའི་སྐབས་ལས་རང་ཡོད་ཨིན་མས། ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ནང་ དུས་ཚོད་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་རང་ཕམ་ཚུ་གིས་རང་སོའི་་ཨ་ལུ་འཁྱིད་དེ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་འཇིག་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གཙོ་སྟོན་སྨན་ཁང་ནང་སྐྱེ་མིའི་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་གི་ཆོས་སྲུང་དང་སྐྱོབས་དགོན་ དགེ་བསྙེན་དོམ་ཙང་པ་ལས་དབང་ཞུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་འོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;
 
=== རྒྱལ་རབས། ===
&lt;big&gt;ལྕང་སྒང་ཁ་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་འབྲུག་གསལ་སྟོད་མཛད་གནང་མི་དང་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་སྤྲུལ་ ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་བཞི་པོའི་སྲས་ཉི་མ་གིས་དུས་རབས་༡༣ པའི་ནང་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། ལྷ་ཁང་གི་ནང་རྟེན་ཡང་ མགུ་ཏོ་༡༡་དང་ལགཔ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ཀྱི་ངོ་བོ་ རང་བྱུང་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོའི་ལི་མདོག་ཅན་གྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་སྦོམ་ས་ཁར་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ནང་རྟེན་འདི་ འབྲུག་སྒོམ་བཞི་པོ་གི་ཡིད་དམ་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ མི་ལ་ལུ་གིས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་རང་བྱུང་སྦེ་བྱོན་བྱོནམ་ཨིན་ཟེར་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཨིན་རུང་ ལ་ལུ་གིས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བཟོ་བོ་གཞན་དང་འདྲཝ་ཎེ་ཝ་ཟེར་མི་གིས་ ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་བཞེངས་པའི་སྐབས་བཟོ་བཟོཝ་ཨིན་ཟེར་བཤདཔ་ཨིན་པས བཟོ་བཀོད།&lt;br&gt;
ལྕང་སྒང་ཁ་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཁ་མར་ཁ་ཐུག་འོངམ་ད་ སྤོ་ཏོ་གུར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོད། སྤོ་ཏོའི་མཇུག་ལུ་ ཁྱིམ་གཉིས་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ ལྷ་ཁང་ངོ་མ་འདི་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་གི་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་མགོན་ཁང་ཡོད། གཞན་མི་ཁྱིམ་ནང་དགེ་སློང་ཚུ་དང་དཀོན་གཉེར་སྡོད་སའི་ཁྱིམ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ཕར་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁྱིམ་སྐོར་ར་རྐྱབ་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཕྱོགས་གསུམ་ལས་ ལྷ་ཁང་སྐོར་ར་རྐྱབ་སའི་ལམ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ཡོད། ལྷ་ཁང་ངོ་མ་གི་ཟུར་གེ་ར་ནང་རྡོ་ནག་གུར་ ནང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་དང་འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་པའི་བླ་མ་ཚུ་གི་བརྡ་མཚོན་ལུ་མ་ནི་ལག་འཁོར་དང་སྐྱོབས་མགོན་ཚུ་གི་སྐུ་པར་ཚུ་སྦྱར་ཏེ་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;
ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་ཕྱོགས་འདི་ ལས་ཚན་གཉིས་སྦེ་དབྱེ་སྟེ་ཡོད། ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་སྐུ་འདྲ་གཙོ་བོ་ གསུངས་རབ་དང་གཞན་རྗེས་ཤུལ་དངོས་པོ་ཚུ་ མི་དམངས་ལུ་མཇལ་ཁ་མེད་རུང་ སྐུ་འདྲ་གཙོ་བོ་འདི་ བླ་མ་ཚུ་གིས་གསོལ་མཆོད་དང་ཁ་མཐུན་གནང་ས་ལས་མཇལ་ཚུགས། ལྷ་ཁང་མཇལ་བ་འོངམ་ད་ སྒྲིག་མཐུན་གྱི་གྱོན་ཆས་ནང་འོངམ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། རྡོ་ཆལ་གྱི་གདོང་སྐོར་ཏེ་ལྷ་ཁང་གཙོ་བོ་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་གིས་ མཚོ་སྨན་གྱི་གནས་ཁང་ཨིན། འ་ནི་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ ཁྲོ་བོ་སྦེ་ཡོད་མི་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་སྐྱེས་མི་ཨ་ལུ་ཚུ་གི་སྐྱབས་མགོན་དགེ་བསྙེན་དོམ་ཙང་པ་ཟེར་མི་གི་གནས་ཁང་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ནང་ཡིད་དམ་ལྷ་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་འདྲ་དང་ གྱང་གུར་གྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ལྡེབས་རིས་རྙིང་ཤོས་ཚུ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཨིན་རུང་ ལྷ་ཁང་ནང་འཛུལ་ནི་འདི་འབྲུག་པའི་ཕོ་སྐྱེས་ཚུ་རྐྱངམ་ཅིག་མས། ལྷ་ཁང་གི་རྒྱབ་ལས་མར་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་འབབ་ནིའི་ལམ་ཡོད་ས་ལས་མཆོད་རྟེན་ཆུང་ཀུ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  དེ་ཁ་ལས་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཁྲོམ་འདི་ མཐོང་གསལ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་མཐོང་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 
 
=== དུས་སྟོན། ===
&lt;big&gt;རང་ཟླ་༩པའི་ ཚེས་༡༢ ལས་༡༤ ཚུན་ཉིནམ་གསུམ་གྱི༌རིང༌ལུ༌ རྡོ་གཅལ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ནང་སྐུ་འཆམ་གནངམ་ཨིན། ལོ་བསྟར་བཞིན་ སྒོམ་ཆེན་ཚུ་ཕོབ་སྦྱིས་ཁ་སྒོར་སྒོ་ན་སྒྲུབ་སྡེ་ལྟེ་བ་འོངས་ཏེ་ ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་བཀའ་འགྱུར་གསེར་བྲིས་མ་ པོ་ཏི་བརྒྱ་ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་ཡརོད་མི་འདི་ལྷགཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Changangkha_Lhakhang. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changangkha_Lhakhang</text>
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    <title>ཁམས་གསུམ་ཡུལ་ལས་རྣམས་རྒྱལ་མཆོད་རྟེན།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ཁམས་གསུམ་ཡུལ་ལས་རྣམས་རྒྱལ་མཆོད་རྟེན་འདི་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མཆོད་རྟེན་འདི་ལུ་མཚན་གཞན་ཡང་ཉིན་ཟེར་སྒང་དང་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་མཆོད་རྟེན་ཟེར་ཡང་ཞུཝ་ཨིན་མས།...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2584" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཁམས་གསུམ་ཡུལ་ལས་རྣམས་རྒྱལ་མཆོད་རྟེན་འདི་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མཆོད་རྟེན་འདི་ལུ་མཚན་གཞན་ཡང་ཉིན་ཟེར་སྒང་དང་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་མཆོད་རྟེན་ཟེར་ཡང་ཞུཝ་ཨིན་མས། མཆོད་རྟེན་འདི་སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༠༦ ལུ་རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་ ཚེ་རིང་དབྱངས་སྒྲོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ཉིན་ཟེར་སྒང་ཟེར་བའི་ས་གནས་ ཡོད་པའི་སའི་གཡུས་ཚན་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་སྤྲིང་ཟམ་ལས་སྐར་༣༠ དེ་ཅིག་རྐང་སྟོང་སྦེ་འགྱོ་དགོ་པའི་ས་ཁར་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ བླམ་བསོད་ནམས་བཟང་པོ་གི་བཀོད་རྒྱ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ སྤྱིར་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ཞི་བདེ་འོང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ དམིགས་བསལ་དུ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་ཚུ་བསལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན་མས། ཕྱི་ཁའི་བཟོ་བཀོད་འདི་ཟླུམ་བཙེགས་ལྷ་ཁང་བཟུམ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ནང་ཕྱོགས་ནང་ཡིད་དམ་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཕུར་པ་ལྷ་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་ཡོད། མཆོད་རྟེན་འདི་བཞེངས་པའི་སྐབས་ བདུད་འཇོམས་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གི་བློ་མ་ བར་མཚམས་ལས་ཨིན་མི་ བླ་མ་ཀུན་བཟང་དབང་འདུས་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཉིང་ཀུ་ལ་ཟེར་མི་གིས་ལྟ་རྟོག་འབད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Yulley_Namgyal_Choeten. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from་ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khamsum_Yulley_Namgyal_Choeten</text>
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    <title>དྲག་ཤོས་དཔལ་འབྱོར་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལུ་དྲགོས་བེན་ཇི་ཟེར་མི་ དྲག་ཤོས་དཔལ་འབྱོར་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༤ ལུ་ ཡབ་བློན་ཆེན་འཇིགས་མེད་དཔལ་ལྡན་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="7107" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལུ་དྲགོས་བེན་ཇི་ཟེར་མི་ དྲག་ཤོས་དཔལ་འབྱོར་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༤༣ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༤ ལུ་ ཡབ་བློན་ཆེན་འཇིགས་མེད་དཔལ་ལྡན་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་ཚེ་རིང་དབྱངས་འཛོམས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་ཀེ་ན་ཌ་ལུ་སྦེ་ཕྱག་དཔེ་གཟིགས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཁྱད་དུ་འཕགས་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ལེ་ཤ་ར་མཛད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་མི་འགོ་དང་པ་ཨིནམ་དང་ འདི་ཡང་ཁོ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༧ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་འཛིན་རང་བཞིན་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཚོགས་སྡེ་ཟེར་མི་གཞུང་མིན་ལས་སྡེ་དང་པ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་དང་གནད་དོན་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་བྱ་ཁྲུང་ཁྲུང་དཀར་མོའི་གྱངས་ཁ་ཉེན་སྲུང་འབད་ཐབས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་ཐབས་རིག་ ཟིན་བྲིས་བཏབ་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ གྲལ་གཏོགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ འབྲུག་གི་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ ལས་སྡེ་ལེ་ཤ་ར་ལུ་ གྲོས་བསྟུན་པ་དང་ཁྱད་རིག་གི་མི་ངོམ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་བྱ་རིགས་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་དང་ འབྲུག་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་མཛད་དེ་ འདི་གི་གཙོ་འཛིན་སྦེ་ཡང་ཕྱག་འདི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་གིས་ ཕྱག་ལཱ་འདི་བཟུམ་མཛད་ཡོད་པའི་ངོ་སྦྱོར་ལུ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་མཆོག་གྱུར་གྱི་གཟེངས་སྟོད་ ཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་འཛིན་རང་བཞིན་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གིས་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་དག་ཤོས་ཀྱི་ མིང་རྟགས་ཡང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
གཞན་ཡང་དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཉིས་སྟོང་དགུ་བརྒྱ་དྲུག་བཅུ་རེ་གྲངས་ལས་ གཞུང་གི་ཁྲིམས་དོན་གྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཡང་མཛད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༩ ལས་ ༡༩༧༢ ཚུན་ སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ཁྲིམས་དཔོན་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལས་ ༡༩༧༤ ཚུན་ ཆེ་མཐོ་ཁྲིམས་ཀྱི་འདུན་སའི་ཁྲིམས་དཔོན་སྦེ་ ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢ ལས་ ༡༩༨༧ ཚུན་ འབྲུག་གི་ ཁྲིམས་སྤྱི་བློན་པོ་དང་པ་དང་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༨ ལས་ ༡༩༩༡ ཚུན་ མི་སྡེའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་གི་ལྷན་རྒྱས་འོག་མའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༤ ལས་ ༡༩༩༧ ཚུན་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ ལྷན་རྒྱས་འོག་མའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
དྲག་ཤོས་དཔལ་འབྱོར་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་སྐུ་མཆེད་ཅིག་ཡང་འབདཝ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་ གྲོས་བསྟུན་པའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་དང་ཡུ་རོ་པཱན་རྒྱལ་ས་ཚུ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་པའི་གཞུང་ཚབ་སྦེ་ཡང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ དྲག་ཤོས་མཆོག་ ཀེ་ན་ཌ་ལུ་བཞུགཔ་པའི་སྐབས་ དྲྭ་རིལ་གྱི་རྩེདམོ་བརྩེས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དྲྭ་རིལ་རྩེདམོ་འགོ་དང་པ་འབག་མི་ཡང་ཨིན་པའི་མིང་གཏམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
Wikipedia contributors. (2021 ). Paljor Dorji. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paljor_Dorji</text>
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      <text bytes="10902" xml:space="preserve">=== བློ་གྲོས་ཚེ་རིང་། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ སྲིད་དོན་མཁས་པ་དང་དྲུང་འཚོ་ཅིགཨིན་མི་ བློ་གློས་ཚེ་རིང་མཆོག་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ཁོ་གིས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༧ ལས་འབྲུག་གི་བློན་ཆེན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༤ ལས་ འབྲུག་མཉམ་རུབ་ཚོགས་པའི་སྲིད་འཛིན་འབད་ཡང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་གི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་དང་ཤེས་ཡོན་གྱི་སྐོར། ===
&lt;big&gt;བློ་གྲོས་ཚེ་རིང་མཆོག་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་ཁག་ སྨད་ཝང་རྒེད་འོག་ གཡུས་དར་ལུང་ཁ་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ཁོ་གིས་གཞི་རིམ་གྱི་ཤེས་ཡོན་འདི་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆེ་བ་ལས་ལྷབ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སློབ་རིམ་ ༡༢ པ་འདི་ ཤེས་རབ་རྩེ་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ལས་ མཇུག་བསྡུ་ནུག། མཐོ་རིམ་ཤེས་ཡོན་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༡ ལུ་ བྷང་ལ་དེཤ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཌ་ཀ་གཙུགལག་སློབ་གྲྭ་གི་མའེ་མེན་སིང་གསོ་རིག་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལས་ སྨན་དང་བཤག་བཅོས་གཙུག་ལག་ཞི་རིམ་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱང་གནང་ནུག། ཁོ་གིས་གཙུག་ལག་འོག་མའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་འདི་ བྷལ་ལ་དེཤ་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ཌ་ཀ་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་བང་ག་བཱན་དུ་ཤིཀ་མུ་ཇིབ་གསོ་རིག་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་གྲྭ་ལས་ བཤག་བཅོས་ཀྱི་ནང་ལུ་སྦྱང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ ལུ་ འཛམ་གླིང་གསོ་བའི་ལས་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་སློབ་གཉེར་གྲོགས་རམ་ཐོག་ ཨ་མི་རི་ཀའི་ཝིསི་ཀཱོན་སིན་གསོ་རིག་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་གྲྭ་ལས་ ཆུ་བརྟག་རིག་པའི་ནང་མཁས་པ་སྦྱང་གནང་ནུག། ཁོ་གིས་གཙུག་ལག་གོང་མའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༤ ལུ་ ཨསི་ཊ་ལི་ཡ་གི་ཀེན་བི་ར་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་གྲྭ་ནང་ལས་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་བདག་སྐྱོང་གི་ནང་ལུ་སྦྱང་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== སྒེར་གྱི་མི་ཚེ། ===
&lt;big&gt;བློ་གྲོས་ཚེ་རིང་མཆོག་ དྲུང་འཚོ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་སྒྲོམ་མ་དང་གཉེན་བསྡོམས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཁོང་གིས་ལུ་ཨ་ལུ་བུམོ་གཉིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། ཁོ་གིས་ མོང་སྒར་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་སྨན་ཁང་ནང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་བའི་སྐབས་ བུ་གཅིག་དང་བུམོ་གཅིག་བུ་ཚབ་སྦེ་གསོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཁོ་གིས་ རྫོང་ཁ་དང་ ལྷོ་མཚམས་ཁ་ ཨིང་སྐད་དང་བྷེང་ག་ལི་གི་ཁ་སྐད་ཚུ་བརྩིས་ཏེ་ ཁ་སྐད་ལེ་ཤ་སླབ་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁྱད་རིག་གི་གཡོག་གི་མདུན་ལམ། ===
&lt;big&gt;བློ་གྲོས་ཚེ་རིང་མཆོག་གིས་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གཙོ་བསྟེན་སྨན་ཁང་དང་ མོང་སྒར་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་གཙོ་བསྟེན་སྨན་ཁང་ནང་ལུ་ བཤག་བཅོས་གློས་སྟོན་པ་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ལོ་ངོ་ ༡༡ གི་རིང་ལུ་ འཇིག་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གཙོ་བསྟེན་སྨན་ཁང་ནང་ ཆུ་བརྟག་རིག་པའི་མཁས་མཆོག་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་གཞུང་ཞི་གཡོག་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ལུ་ དངུལ་ཀྲམ་ས་ཡ་ ༦.༢ སྤྲོད་དེ་སྲིད་དོན་ནང་ལུ་ བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== སྲིད་དོན་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་གཡོག་གི་མདུན་ལམ། === 
&lt;big&gt;བློ་གྲོས་ཚེ་རིང་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་གི་བཙག་འཐུ་ནང་བཅའ་མར་གཏོགས་ཡོད་རུང་ འགོ་ཐོག་བཙག་འཐུ་ནང་ལས་ར་ཐོན་ཡར་སོ་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ ལུ་ བློ་གྲོས་ཚེ་རིང་མཆོག་གིས་ ཚོགས་རྒྱན་ ༡༡༥༥ ཐོབ་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་མཉམ་རུབ་ཚོགས་པའི་སྲིད་འཛིན་སྦེ་བཙག་འཐུ་གྲུབ་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ ཀྱི་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་གི་བཙག་འཐུ་ནང་ འབྲུག་མཉམ་རུབ་ཚོགས་པའི་ལྷོ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་འདེམས་ཁོངས་ནང་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་ནུག། ཁོ་གིས་ ཚོགས་རྒྱན་ ༣༦༦༢ ཐོབ་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་འདེམས་ངོ་ ཀུན་ལེགས་ཚེ་རིང་ཕམ་བཏང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ ཀྱི་བཙག་འཐུ་ནང་ ཁོ་གི་སྲིད་ཚོགས་ཀྱིས་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ནང་ འདེམས་ཁྲི་མང་ཤོས་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ ཁོ་བློན་ཆེན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་ཁར་འཕེབས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== བློན་ཆེན་གྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ཡོད་པའི་སྐོར། ===
&lt;big&gt;ཁོ་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༧ ལུ་ བཙག་འཐུ་ལས་གྲུབ་པའི་བློན་ཆེན་གསུམ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་བྱོན་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༨ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༧ ལུ་ རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཉིན་གྲངས་གསུམ་གྱི་ལྟ་སྐོར་ལུ་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༤ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༡༣ ལུ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༡ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༣ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༤ ལུ་ བྷང་ལ་དེཤ་ལུ་གཞུང་འབྲེལ་གཟིགས་སྐོར་དང་ བྷང་ལ་དེཤ་གིརྒྱལ་ཁབ་རང་དབང་ཐོབ་སྟེ་མི་ལོ་ ༥༠ འཁོར་བའི་དུས་སྟོན་ནང་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གི་སྐུ་ཚབས་སྦེ་བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== གཟེངས་བསྟོད། ===
* &lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༡ ལུ་ ཤེས་རབ་རྩེ་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ལས་ ཝི་ལི་ཡམ་མེ་ཀི་ (Father William Mackey) གི་ཤེས་ཡོན་དྲག་ཤོས་ཀྱི་གསེར་གྱི་རྟགས་མ་ཐོབ་ནུག།
* སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༥ ལུ་ ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་སྐུ་ཕྲེང་ ༡༤ པ་མཆོག་ལས་ “the Unsung Hero of Compassion”  ཟེར་མི་གཟེངས་རྟགས་འདི་ཐོབ་ནུག།
* སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༧ ལུ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གི་ཞབས་ལས་ འབྲུག་ཐུགས་སྲས་ཀྱི་རྟགས་མ་ཐོབ་ནུག།
* སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༢༠ ལུ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཞབས་ལས་ ན་བཟའ་ལུང་དམརམོ་གི་གཟེངས་བསྟོད་ཐོབ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Lotay Tshering. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lotay_Tshering&amp;oldid=1062701014</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ཕཱརན་ཀོའིསི་པོ་མ་རེཊ་འདི་ ༼གནམ་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༤ ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནུག༽ ཕེརནཇ་ མི་རིགས་རྒྱལ་རབས་མཁས་མཆོག་དང་བོད་རིག་པ་ཨིན། མོ་ ཕརནསི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་མཚན་རིག་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་ལྟེ་བའི (CNRS) མདོ་ཆེན་ཨ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3558" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཕཱརན་ཀོའིསི་པོ་མ་རེཊ་འདི་ ༼གནམ་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༤ ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནུག༽ ཕེརནཇ་ མི་རིགས་རྒྱལ་རབས་མཁས་མཆོག་དང་བོད་རིག་པ་ཨིན། མོ་ ཕརནསི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་མཚན་རིག་ཞིབ་འཚོལ་ལྟེ་བའི (CNRS) མདོ་ཆེན་ཨིནམ་དང་ མོ་གི་ལཱ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ལས་འབདཝ་ཨིན་མས། ཕཱརན་ཀོའིསི་པོ་མ་རེཊ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀོང་གོ་ལུ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མོ་གི་གཙུག་ལག་གོང་མའི་ཤེས་ཚད་ཡང་ སོར་བོན་ལས་རྒྱལ་རབས་དང་གནའ་ཤུལ་བརྟག་ཞིབ་རིག་པ་ནང་འཐོབ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ མོ་རའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཡང་བོད་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི INALCO ལས་མཇུག་སྡུག་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༨༡ ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་འབྲུག་ལུ་ལཱ་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༨༡ ལས་༡༩༨༦ གི་བར་ན་ འབྲུག་བལྟ་བཤལ་ལས་འཛིན་དང་ཅིག་ཁར་ལཱ་འབད་ནུག། དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཤེས་རིག་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་གྱི་ལས་འགུལ་ཚུ་ནང་གྲལ་གཏོགས་འབད་ནུག། མོ་གིས་  རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་ཤེས་རིག་དང་ཚན་རིག་ལམ་སྲོལ་ལས་སྡེ་གི་གྲོས་བསླབ་སྟོན་པ་དང་ འགྲེམས་སྟོན་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་འགྲེམས་སྟོན་ཅ་གཉེར་སྦེ་ལཱ་འབད་ནུག། མོ་གིས་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་རབས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་གྱོ་སྐོར་སླབ་སྟོན་འབདཝ་ཨིན་མས། ཀོའིསི་པོ་མ་རེཊ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་འཛིན་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེའི་འོག་ཡོད་པའི་ རིག་གཞུང་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་གི་གྲོས་བསྟུན་པ་སྦེ་ལཱ་འབདཝ་ཨིན་མས། ཕཱརན་ཀོའིསི་པོ་མ་རེཊ་འདི་ པེ་རིསི་ཆེ་མཐོང་དོན་གཅོད་གཞུང་ཚབ་ཡང་ཨིནམ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༩༨༧ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོད་པའི་ association of Amis du Bhoutan ཟེར་མིའི་གཞི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་འཛིན་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Françoise Pommaret. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Pommaret</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ གཙང་ལ་སྟོད་གཡས་རུ་བྱང་མའི་ཆབ་འོག་ འོལ་བ་ལྷ་རྩེ་རིན་ཆེན་སྡིངས་ཟེར་སར་ ཞིང་པའི་བཟའ་ཚང་ཅིག་ནང་ ཡབ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང༌ ཡུམ་རྒྱ་གར་ལྷ་མོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ རབ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="7752" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ གཙང་ལ་སྟོད་གཡས་རུ་བྱང་མའི་ཆབ་འོག་ འོལ་བ་ལྷ་རྩེ་རིན་ཆེན་སྡིངས་ཟེར་སར་ ཞིང་པའི་བཟའ་ཚང་ཅིག་ནང་ ཡབ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང༌ ཡུམ་རྒྱ་གར་ལྷ་མོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ རབ་བྱུང་དྲུག་པའི་ལྕགས་གླང་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༣༦༡ ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ཐོག་མའི་མཚན་ལུ་ ཁྲོ་བོ་དཔལ་ལྡན་ཟེར་གསོལ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ དགུང་ལོ་ལྔ་ལས་ར་ ར་དང་ལུག་འཚོ་བར་བྱོན་ནུག། སྐུ་ན་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ སྤྱང་གྲུང་འཛོམས་པའི་ཁར་ ཐུགས་རིག་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་རྣོ་དྲགས་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཡབ་ཡུམ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་དགོན་པ་བྱང་སྡིངས་ཟེར་ས་ལུ་ བླ་མ་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་དཔལ་བའི་དྲུང་དུ་འབྲི་ལྷག་གི་གཞི་མ་སྦྱང་པར་བཏང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་ བོད་ཡིག་དང་ལཉྩ། ཝརྟུ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བརྡ་སྤྲོད་རིག་པའི་གནས་ཚུ་ལུ་ མཁས་པར་གྱུར་བའི་ཁར་ སློབ་དཔོན་ཉི་མ་སེང་གེའི་དྲུང་ལས་རབ་ཏུ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ མཚན་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་བཟང་པོ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། མཁན་ཆེན་དེའི་ཞབས་ས་ལས་ དོན་ཡོད་ཞགས་པའི་སྒྲུབ་ཐབས་དང༌ རྒྱུད་ལུང་ལ་སོགས་པ་དང༌ ངམ་རིང་ཆོས་སྡེའི་མཁས་པ་བློ་གྲོས་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང༌དཀོན་མཆོག་དར་ལས་ རྣམ་འགྲེལ་དང་མངོན་རྟོགས་རྒྱན་ལ་སོགས་པ་གསན་ནུག། རྗེ་གྲུབ་ཐོབ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ གཏམ་སྙན་པའི་གྲགས་པ་ལུ་ཆགས་ཞེན་དང་ དོན་གཉེར་མ་མཛད་པར་ ངལ་བ་འཁུར་དུ་བཞེས་ཏེ་སྦྱང་བརྩོན་གནངམ་ལས་ བརྩོན་འགྲུས་སྨྱོན་པ་ཟེར་བའི་མཚན་འདི་ དེའི་དུས་ལུ་བཏགས་བཏགསཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ མདོ་སྟོད་སྐྱ་རའི་དགོན་པ་ལུ་བཞུགས་མི་ བཀའ་ལྔ་བ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ཤེས་རབ་ཀྱིས་མཁན་པོ་མཛད་དེ་ ལས་སློབ་དད་པའི་དགེ་འདུན་གྲངས་ཚང་གི་དབུས་ལུ་བསྙེན་པར་རྫོགས་ནུག། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ མཁས་དབང་དར་མ་དཔལ་བ་དང་ ལྷ་གདོང་པ་བསོད་ནམས་མཆོག་ ཀུན་སྤངས་རིན་ཆེན་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ རེད་མདའ་བ་གཞོན་ནུ་བློ་གྲོས་ཚུ་ལས་ གསང་སྔགས་གསར་རྙིང་དང༌ ཆུའི་དཀའ་ཐུབ་ཀྱི་གདམས་པ་ མེ་དང་རླུང་གི་སྒོམ་ཐབས་སོགས་ཀྱི་མན་ངག་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་གསན་ཏེ་ ལོ་ངོ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་ གནས་མ་ངེས་པའི་དབེན་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་སྒོམ་སྒྲུབ་གནང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་ བལ་ཡུལ་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཏེ་འཕགས་པ་ཤིང་ཀུན་དང་ བྱ་རུང་ཁ་ཤོར་གྱི་མཆོད་རྟེན་ཚུ་ཉམས་གསོ་མཛད་པའི་ཁར་ རྒྱ་གར་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་བྱོན་ཞིན་ན་ རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་དང༌ཟངས་གླིང་ཚུ་ནང་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ གྲུབ་ཐོབ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ལས་བཀའ་ཆོས་གསན་ནུག། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་དང་ཐག་ཉེ་བའི་གསང་བ་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཕུག་ལུ་ སྔགས་རྙིང་མའི་གྲུབ་ཐོབ་སྐལ་ལྡན་རྡོ་རྗེ་གྲགས་པ་ཟེར་ཞུ་མི་དེ་ལས་ རྙིང་མའི་ཆོས་སྐོར་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་གསན་ཏེ་ ཉམས་རྟོགས་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་རྒྱུད་ལུ་འཁྲུངསམ་ལས་ ལོག་སྟེ་བོད་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཟབ་ཆོས་དེ་ཚུ་གཏེར་ལུ་སྦས་གནང་ནུག། གྲུབ་ཐོབ་མཆོག་གིས་ རྗེ་བཙུན་རེ་མདའ་བ་དང༌ སླེ་ཁ་བ་ཤེས་རབ་བཟང་པོའི་ཞབས་ས་ལས་ གཤིན་རྗེ་གཤེད་དམར་ནག་འཇིགས་གསུམ་གྱི་དབང་དང་ དུས་འཁོར་གྱི་དབང་ གཞན་ཡང་སྐྱེས་བུ་དམ་པ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་གི་ཞབས་ས་ལས་ ཟབ་ཆོས་མཐའ་ཡས་པ་གསན་ཏེ་ དབེན་པའི་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་དཀའ་ཐུབ་མཛད་གནང་བའི་ཁར་ དུར་ཁྲོད་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གཉན་པའི་རི་ཁྲོད་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ནང་ གསང་བའི་སྤྱོད་པ་གིས་འགྲོ་དོན་མཐའ་ཡས་པ་མཛད་ནུག། ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཟེར་མཚན་བཏགས་ཚུལ་ནི། ཁྱབ་གདལ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཐང་ཆེན་ན། །སྟོང་ཉིད་རྟོགས་པའི་རྣལ་འབྱོར་པ། །འཇིག་རྟེན་རྒྱལ་པོ་ལྟ་བུར་བཞུགས། །དེ་ཕྱིར་ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཐོབ།། ཟེར་གཙང་རྒྱལ་སྡེའི་ཐང་ཁ་ལུ་བཞུགས་པའི་དུས་ དེ་ལས་ཡོངས་གྲགས་སྦེ་འགྱོ་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;
=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Thang Tong Gyalpo. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thang_Tong_Gyalpo&amp;oldid=1049570182</text>
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    <title>སོ་ནམ་དང་ནགས་ཚལ་ལྷན་ཁག།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ སོ་ནམ་དང་ནགས་ཚལ་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷན་ཁག་བཅུ་ཐམ་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ མངའ་བདག་རྒྱལ་པོའི་མདོ་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་ནང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༥ ལུ་ འགོ་དང་པ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6637" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ སོ་ནམ་དང་ནགས་ཚལ་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷན་ཁག་བཅུ་ཐམ་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ མངའ་བདག་རྒྱལ་པོའི་མདོ་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་ནང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༥ ལུ་ འགོ་དང་པ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༦ ལུ་ ཡིག་ཚང་འདི་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་པའི་ས་གོ་ནང་སྤོ་བཤུད་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ འགོ་འཛིན་དྲུང་ཆེན་སྦེ་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་དྲུང་ཆེན་དང་པ་འདི་ཡང་དྲག་ཤོས་ལས་སྐྱིད་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་བསྐོས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཨིན་རུང་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣ ལས་ ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གི་དབུ་འཁྲིད་ བློན་པོ་སྦེ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣-༢༠༠༨ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་སངས་རྒྱས་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཀྱིས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
བློན་པོ་སངས་རྒྱས་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་ཤུལ་ལས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ སོ་ནམ་དང་ནགས་ཚལ་བློན་པོ་རིམ་བྱོན་ཡང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨-༢༠༡༣ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་པདྨ་རྒྱ་མཚོ།  སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣-༢༠༡༨ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྡོ་རྗེ། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་  ད་ལྟོ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོད་པའི་ སོ་ནམ་དང་ནགས་ཚལ་བློན་པོ་འདི་ བློན་པོ་ཡེ་ཤེས་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་མི་སྡེ་དང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གནས་སྟངས་འདྲ་མཉམ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ འཚོ་བའི་ལམ་ལུགས་དང་ རང་བཞིན་གྱི་ཐོན་དངོས་ཚུ་ ཡུན་བརྟན་སྦེ་གནས་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་དང་། དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་ཡང་ འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་དང་རང་བཞིན་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ ཚུ་ལུ་ ལྷོད་ལམ་ཚད་ལྡང་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་གི་མི་སྡེ་དང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ ཡུན་བརྟན་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གི་འགན་དབང་འདི་ གཡུས་སྒོའི་འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡུན་བརྟན་བཟོ་ནི། ནགས་ཚལ་དང་འབབ་ཆུའི་ཐོན་སྐྱེས་ ཚུ་ ཡུན་བརྟན་ལག་ལེན་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་དང་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི། སྤྱོད་བཏུབ་པའི་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ས་ཞིང་དང་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་ ལག་ལེན་ཡུན་བརྟན་བཟོ་ནི། དེ་ལས་ བཟའ་འཐུང་ཉེན་སྲུང་དང་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་དང་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན།  &lt;br&gt;
སོ་ནམ་དང་ནགས་ཚལ་ལྷན་ཁག་འོག་ལུ་ བློན་པོ་དང་དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་ དེ་ལས་ མདོ་ཆེན་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཡིག་ཚང་དང་ལས་ཁུངས་ཁག་བདུན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་ཁུངས་བདུན་ཡང་ འབྲུག་སོ་ནམ་དང་ཟ་ཆས་ཁྲིམས་དོན་དབང་འཛིན་ སོ་ནམ་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་དང་མཉམ་ལས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་ སོ་ནམ་ལས་ཁུངས་ ནགས་ཚལ་དང་གླིང་ག་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལས་ཁུངས་ སྒོ་ནོར་ལས་ཁུངས་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་རིགས་སྣའི་ལྟེ་བ་དང་ གྲོང་གསེབ་ གོང་འཕེལ་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་ལྟེ་བ་ཚུ་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ འགོ་འཛིན་བློན་པོ་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་ དྲུང་ཆེན་དང་མདོ་ཆེན་ དེ་ལས་ ལས་ཁུངས་ཁག་གི་གཙོ་འཛིན་དང་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གིས་ད་རེས་གོང་གི་འཆར་སྣང་དང་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་སེམས་ཁར་བཀལ་ཏེ་ ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འགན་དབང་ཚུ་ དྲང་བདེན་དང་དྭངས་གསལ་ དེ་ལས་ དམ་ཚིག་གཙོ་གཟུང་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;  

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia Contributors. (2021). Ministry of Agriculture and Forests (Bhutan). In Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Forests_(Bhutan)&amp;oldid=1058349074</text>
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    <title>ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷན་ཁག་བཅུ་ཐམ་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་འགོ་དང་པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨ ལུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6823" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷན་ཁག་བཅུ་ཐམ་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་འགོ་དང་པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༨ ལུ་ གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༠ ལུ་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལས་ཁུངས་ཟེར་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ ༡༩༧༢ ལུ་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་སྲིད་བྱུས་ལུ་གཙོ་བོ་བཏོན་དགོཔ་ཐོན་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་བློན་པོ་དང་པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༢-༡༩༩༨ ཚུན་ ཚེ་འདས་བློན་པོ་ཟླ་བ་ཚེ་རིང་མཆོག་གིས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
བློན་པོ་ཟླ་བ་ཚེ་རིང་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་བློན་པོ་རིམ་བྱོན་ཡང་། སྤྱོ་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༨-༢༠༠༣ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་འཇིགས་མེད་འོད་ཟེར་ འཕྲིན་ལས། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༣-༢༠༠༧ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་དབང་ཕྱུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧-༢༠༡༣ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་ཨྱོན་ཚེ་རིང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣-༢༠༡༥ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་རིག་འཛིན་རྡོ་རྗེ། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༥-༢༠༡༨ ཚུན་ བློན་པོ་དམ་ཆོས་རྡོ་རྗེ། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༨ ད་ལྟོ་ཡང་ ཕྱག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོད་པའི་ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་བློན་པོ་འདི་ བློན་པོ་རྟ་མགྲིན་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ལྡན་པ་ ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ དེ་ལས་རང་དབང་ཅན་བཟོ་ཐབས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་དང་། དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཕན་རླབས་དང་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ ཁྱད་རིག་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ཞབས་ཏོག་བྱིན་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་གི་ལཱ་འགན་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་རྩ་བ་ལུ་ ཕྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་མཐུན་ལམ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མཐའ་དོན་དང་སྤྲོ་བ་གཞན་ལུ་བཤད་ནི་། རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་སྒྲིག་གཞི་དང་བསྟུན་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ བར་ནའི་ དགོས་མཁོའི་གྲོས་བསྟུན་འབད་ནི་དང་སྟབས་མ་བདེཝ་བསལ་ནི། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་དང་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་ཡར་དྲག་བཏང་སྟེ་ མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་ འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་ཡུན་བརྟན་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་མི་སྡེ་ནང་ འགན་ཁུར་ཅན་དང་ཕན་ཐོགས་ཅན་གྱི་འཐུས་མི་འབད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ ནང་འཁོད་དང་རྒྱལ་སྤྱིིའི་ཞི་བདེ་དང་མཉམ་འབྲེལ་ དེ་ལས་ དཀའ་ངལ་ཚུ་ཧ་གོ་སྟེ་གྲོགས་རམ་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན།    &lt;br&gt;
ཕྱི་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་འོག་ལུ་ བློན་པོ་དང་དྲུང་ཆེན་ཡིག་ཚང་ དེ་ལས་ མདོ་ཆེན་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཡིག་ཚང་དང་ལས་ཁུངས་ཁག་བདུན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལས་ཁུངས་བདུན་ཡང་ ཞི་བའི་ཐོ་བཀོད་དང་མི་རྩིས་ལས་ཁུངས་ ལམ་སྲོལ་ལས་ཁུངས་ རྐྱེན་ངན་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ལས་ཁུངས་ ས་གནས་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལས་ཁུངས་ བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་  ཕྱི་མི་ནང་སྐྱོད་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་ཚུ་ཨིན། ལྷན་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ འགོ་འཛིན་བློན་པོ་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་ དྲུང་ཆེན་དང་མདོ་ཆེན་ དེ་ལས་ ལས་ཁུངས་ཁག་གི་གཙོ་འཛིན་དང་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་དང་ ལྷན་ཁག་ འདི་གིས་ ད་རེས་གོང་གི་འཆར་སྣང་དང་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་སེམས་ཁར་བཀལ་ཏེ་ ལྷན་ཁག་གི་འགན་དབང་ཚུ་ དྲང་བདེན་དང་དྭངས་གསལ་ དེ་ལས་ དམ་ཚིག་གཙོ་གཟུང་གི་ཐོག་ལས་ཕྱག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;      

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia Contributors. (2021). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bhutan). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bhutan) - Wikipedia</text>
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    <title>རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་ཀྱི་བྱུང་རབས།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༣ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་དཔལ་མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་ རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་འབད་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ ར...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6729" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༣ གི་ལོ་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་དཔལ་མི་དབང་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་ རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་འབད་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ རྒྱ་གར་དང་ཨིང་ལེནཌ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བརྟན་ཞུ་ལུ་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་ ཚིག་དང་གདངས་དབྱངས་ཚུ་ རྩོམ་སྒྲིག་འབད་ནུག། ཨ་ཁུ་བཀྲོངས་མི་འདི་ རྒྱ་གར་ཤི་ལོང་ལུ་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྙན་ཆའི་སྡེ་ཚན་གྱི་འགན་འཛིན་པ་འགོ་དང་པ་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་ནུག། ཁོ་རྒྱ་གར་ལས་ལོག་འབྲུག་ལུ་ལྷོད་དེ་  ཟླཝ་བཞི་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་བློན་ཆེན་ ཇ་ཝ་ཧར་ལཱལ་ནི་རུ་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་ལུ་འབྱོན་ནུག། ཨ་ཁུ་བཀྲོངས་མི་ རྒྱལ་གཞུང་འབྲུག་གི་དམག་སྡེ་ནང་ དམག་སྲིད་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་ཀྱི་གདངས་དབྱངསའདི་བརྩམས་གནང་ནུག། བརྟན་བཞུགས་འདི་གི་ཚིག་རྩམ་མི་འདི་ དེ་བསྒང་ གཞུང་མགྲོན་གཉེར་སྦེ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་མི་ རྒྱལ་མགྲོན་འཕྲིན་ལས་འདི་ཨིན་པས། བརྟན་བཞུགས་ཀྱི་སྙན་ཆ་འདི་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་གཞུང་འབྲུག་གི་དམག་སྡེ་གི་སྙན་ཆའི་སྡེ་ཚན་གྱིས་ བསྐྲོགས་ཏེ་འཐེན་བཞིན་ཡོད་རུང་ ཨ་ཁུ་བཀྲོངས་མི་གིས་བརྩམས་མི་གདངས་ངོ་མ་འདི་ བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཧེ་མ་འགོ་ཐོག་གི་གདངས་འདི་ རང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཁྲ་ ཁྲི་ཉམས་པ་མེད་པ་པད་མའི་ཁྲི་ ཟེར་མི་ལུ་གཞི་བཞག་སྟེ་བརྩམས་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ ཧེ་མ་ལས་ད་ལྟོ་ཚུན་ཚོད་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་ གདངས་དབྱངས་ལུ་ཡང་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་ལེ་ཤ་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བརྟན་བཞུགས་འདི་ལུ་ཧེ་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་གླུ་ཟེར་ཡང་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས། &lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་འདི་ ང་བཅས་རའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ གཞུང་དང་སྒེར་དོན་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ག་བཟུམ་བརྩམས་རུང་ ཡངན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་མཛད་སྒོ་ རྒྱས་འབྲིང་བསྡུས་གསུམ་ག་ཅི་ར་ཨིན་རུང་ འགོ་མ་བཙུགས་པའི་ཧེ་མ་ བརྟན་བཞུགས་འདི་འཐེན་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པའི་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ དྲོ་པ་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཚུ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་འདི་འཐེན་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
བརྟན་བཞུགས་ཀྱི་ཚིག་ཚུ་ག་ནི་བ་བྱིན་རླབས་ཅན་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རྒྱོལ་པོ་མཆོག་ལུ་ དད་དམ་ལྷད་མེད་ཀྱི་འགོ་ལས་གུས་བཀུར་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཆབ་སྲིད་འཕེལ་ཏེ་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ཉིནམ་ཤར་བར་ཤོག་ཟེར་བའི་སྨོན་འདེབས་ཚུ་ཚུད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་པས།བརྟན་བཞུགས་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་བརྟན་བཞུགས་ཀྱི་ཚིག་འདི་འབྲུག་ཙན་དན་བཀོད་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་།།&lt;br&gt;
དཔལ་ལུགས་གཉིས་བསྟན་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་བའི་མགོན།།&lt;br&gt;
འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ།།&lt;br&gt;
སྐུ་འགྱུར་མེད་བརྟན་ཅིང་ཆབ་སྲིད་འཕེལ།།&lt;br&gt;
ཆོས་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས།།&lt;br&gt;
འབངས་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཉི་མ་ཤར་བར་ཤོག། ཟེར་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt; [https://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/publicationFiles/OccasionalPublications/NationalFlag.pdf]

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
The Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan.  (n.d.). Retrieved from     
# https://www.nationalcouncil.bt/assets/uploads/docs/acts/2017/Constitution_of_Bhutan_2008.pd
# Penjore, D., &amp; Kinga, S. (2002). The Origin and Description of The National Flag and National Anthem of The Kingdom of Bhutan. The Centre for Bhutan Studies. Retrieved from https://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/publicationFiles/OccasionalPublications/NationalFlag.pdf
# Wanghcuk, L. (2008) Facts about Bhutan. Thimphu, Absolute Bhutan Books.</text>
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    <title>རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལས་རྟགས་ཀྱི་བཤད་པ་དང་ལག་ལེན།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལས་རྟགས་འདི་ནང་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་དར་གྱི་ཆ་ཤས་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྒྱུ་རྩལ་དུམ་གྲ་ཅིག་སོ་སོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་གཏོགས་ ང་ཤོས་ར་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བརྡ་མཚན་ཚུ་ཡོད། ལས་རྟགས་འདི་ ཨ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4784" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ལས་རྟགས་འདི་ནང་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་དར་གྱི་ཆ་ཤས་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྒྱུ་རྩལ་དུམ་གྲ་ཅིག་སོ་སོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་གཏོགས་ ང་ཤོས་ར་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བརྡ་མཚན་ཚུ་ཡོད། ལས་རྟགས་འདི་ ཨ་ཞེ་བཀྲིས་རྡོ་རྗེ་མཆོག་གིས་སྦྱིན་བདག་མཛད་དེ་ སོག་པོ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྒྱུ་རྩལ་མཁནམ་ཅིག་གིས་བཟོ་བཀོད་འབད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་ཁར་ཡོད་པའི་རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱ་གྲམ་འདི་ སློབ་དཔོན་པདྨ་འབྱུང་གནས་ཀྱིས་ མ་རུང་བདུད་སྲིན་ཚུ་་དམ་ལུ་བཏགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་པའི་མཚོན་ཆ་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; (Wangchuk, 2008).&lt;br&gt;
&lt;big&gt;ལས་རྟགས་འདི་སྒོར་དབྱིབས་ཅན་གྱི་སྦུག་ལུ་ རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱ་གྲམ་འདི་མེ་ཏོག་པད་མའི་སྟེང་ལུ་ཡོད། འདི་གི་གཡས་གཡོན་ལུ་ འབྲུག་དཀརཔོ་ཕོ་མོ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་སྐྱོར་ཏེ་ཡོད། ནོར་བུ་དགོས་འདོད་དཔུང་འཇོམས་འདི་ དེ་ཚུ་གི་ལྟག་ལུ་གནས་ཏེ་ཡོད། རྡོ་རྗེ་གཉིས་རྒྱ་གྲམ་འབྱུང་སའི་སྦུག་ལུ་ ནོར་བུ་གཞན་ཡང་བཞི་ཡོད། འདི་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྔར་སྲོལ་ཆོས་དང་སྲིད་གཉིས་ གསང་སྔགས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཐེག་པའི་རྒྱུད་སྡེ་བཞི་གུར་གནས་པའི་བརྡ་ཚོན་སྟོནམ་ཨིན། མེ་ཏོག་པདྨ་འདི་ མི་གཙང་བའི་གྲིབ་པ་ཞུགས་ཏེ་མེད་བའི་རྟགས་མཚན་དང་ ནོར་བུ་དགོས་འདོད་དཔུང་འཇོམས་འདི་ འབྲུག་མི་ཚུའི་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་ཡོད་པའི་བརྡ་མཚོན་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་ཕོ་མོ་གཉིསཔོ་འདི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མིང་ལུ་མཚོནམ་ཨིན། 
ལས་རྟགས་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ནང་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་དུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ཁག་གི་དཔེ་ཆ་ཚུ་གུར་ཡང་ པར་བཏབ་སྟེ་ཡོད། ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ནང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ངོ་རྟགས་ལུ་ ཡི་གུ་འབྲི་སའི་ཤོག་ཀུའི་མགུ་ལུ་ ལས་རྟགས་འདི་གི་པར་བཞགཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཡིག་ཚང་རང་སོའི་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་ ལས་རྟགས་འདི་བཀོདཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱིར་བཏང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཁག་ཆེ་བའི་ལས་ཁུངས་དང་ལས་སྡེ་མང་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཀྱི་ལས་རྟགས་ཚུ་ཡང་ གཞི་འདི་ལུ་བཞག་སྟེ་ གསར་བཟོ་འབདཝ་མ་ཚད་ མདོར་བསྡུ་བ་ཅིན་ ལས་རྟགས་འདི་བྱིན་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མཐའ་དབུས་མེད་པའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ གཅིག་བསྒྲིལ་བཟོ་ཚུགས་པའི་ནུས་པ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wanghcuk, L. (2008). Facts about Bhutan, Thimphu, Absolute Bhutan Books.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུའི་བཅུད་སྡུད།</title>
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      <text bytes="176075" xml:space="preserve">=== དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
 
&lt;big&gt;༉ དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་མིང་ཡང་ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༥༡ ལོ་ལུ་ དར་དཀར་བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་བཞེངས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཚུར་ རྒྱལ་རབས་ཅན་གྱི་རྫོང་གི་རྟ་འདྲངས་ཏེ་ རྫོང་ཁག་གི་མིང་ལུ་ཡང་ དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག་ཟེར་བཏགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དར་ཁྱབ་དེ་སྦེ་བྱུང་ནུག། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ གི་ས་ཁྱོན་འདི་ཡང་ གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༡༧༢༢.༨༣ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ དྲུང་ཁག་གཅིག་དང་རྒེད་འོག་བཅུ་གསུམ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཁྱིམ་གུང་པ་ ༥༣༤༣ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་ནང་མི་རློབས་ཕྱེད་སྔ་ལོངཔ་དང་ ཕྱེད་ལྷོ་མཚམས་པ་གིས་གཞིས་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ད་རེས་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ མི་རློབས་བསྡོམས་གྱིས་ ༢༣,༧༦༣ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༨༩ ནགས་ཚལ་གྱིས་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རི་ནགས་ཀྱི་འཚོ་བ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ འཚོ་བའི་ཐོན་ཤུགས་ཆེ་བའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ དུས་འགྱུར་གྱི་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་བསྟུན་ ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ སྨན་ཁང་གསུམ་དང་ གསོ་བའི་ལྟེ་བ་བདུན་ དེ་ལས་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ ༢༥ དང་ ཨ་ལོ་གཅེས་སྐྱོང་ལྟེ་བ་གསུམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ གཞན་ཡང་ གློག་མེ་སྣུམ་འཁོར་འགྲུལ་ལམ་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་དང་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ བཟོ་གྲྭ་དང་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྡེ་བསྡོམས་ ༦༤༨ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དར་དཀར་ན་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་མི་མང་ཤོས་ར་ སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལཱ་ལུ་འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ཐོན་ཤུགས་ཡང་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་གི་ཐོག་ཁར་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་རབས་དང་ལྡན་པའི་རྫོང་གཞིས་དང་ལྷ་ཁང་ དེ་ལས་ རྩ་ཅན་གྱི་གནས་ཚུ་ལེ་ཤ་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ཡང་ ཡུན་བརྟན་གྱི་འཚོ་བ་དང་སྔར་ཁྱུན་བཟང་པོའི་ལམ་ལུགས་སྲོལ་ དེ་ལས་ རང་བཞིན་སྲུང་སྐྱོབས་དང་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་ཚུ་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་འབད་ནི་ཨིནམ་དང་། དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་ཡང་ མི་དམངས་ལུ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ གང་ མགྱོགས་སྦེ་ ཕན་ནུས་དང་ཁྱད་རིག་དང་ལྡན་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་བྱིན་ནི་དང་ མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ཡུན་བརྟན་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ཁྱད་རིག་ལྡན་ པའི་ མི་སྡེ་གནས་སྟངས་བཟོ་ནི་ དེ་ལས་ རང་བཞིན་གྱི་ཐོན་དངོས་ཚུ་ ཡུན་བརྟན་དང་འགན་ཁུར་ཅན་སྦེ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་འདི་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ རྫོང་བདག་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་ རྫོང་རབ་དང་དྲུང་པ་ དེ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་ཁག་གི་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་ འཆར་སྣང་དང་ དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་སེམས་ཁར་བཀལ་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་གང་དྲག་ ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ཡང་ ཤར་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་བཀྲིས་གཡང་རྩེ་དང་ ནུབ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་བུམ་ཐང་ དེ་ལས་ ལྷོ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་མོང་སྒར་དང་ བྱང་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་རྒྱ་ནག་གི་སྦུག་ལུ་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ གི་ས་ཁྱོན་འདི་ཡང་ གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༡༨༥༣.༥༥ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ གང་ཟུར་ རྒྱ་རས་ མཁོ་མ་ སྐུར་སྟོད་ སྨད་མཚོ་ སྨན་སྦིས་ སྨིན་སྦྱིས་ བཙན་མཁར་བཅས་ རྒེད་འོག་བརྒྱད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འདི་ནང་ཁྱིམ་གུང་པ་ ༥༣༤༣ ཡོད། ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་མི་མང་ཤོས་ཀྱིས་  སྐུར་སྟོད་པའི་ཁ་སྐད་སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལུ་རྫོང་ཁག་གཞན་གྱི་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ལྷུན་རྩེ་གི་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་སྐུར་སྟོདཔ་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན། ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ང་བཅས་རའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཚུ་བརྒྱུད་སའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཨིནམ་ལས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ཅན་གྱི་ས་གནས་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༢༥ ལུ་ མི་རྗེ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ ལྷུན་རྩེ་དུང་དཀར་ཆོས་རྗེ་གི་ གདུང་རྒྱུད་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་རིམ་པར་བྱོན་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ མི་རློབས་བསྡོམས་གྱིས་ ༡༤,༤༣༧ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༧༤ ནགས་ཚལ་གྱིས་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འདི་ནང་ དུས་རབས་བརྒྱད་པའི་ནང་བྱོན་མི་ ཨྱོན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ བྱིན་གྱིས་རླབས་གནང་བའི་ས་གནས་བྱིན་ཅན་ཚུ་ཡོད། བྱིན་ཅན་གྱི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ཡང་ ལྷུན་རྩེ་སེངྒེ་རྫོང་ རིན་ཆེན་བུམ་པ་ བྱང་ཆུབ་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་ འདས་པའི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༣ ལུ་བཞེངས་ཡོད་པའི་ སྟག་སྐད་ལ་གུ་རུ་ལྷ་ཁང་ཚུ་ཨིན། ད་རེས་ བྱིན་ཅན་གྱི་ས་གནས་འདི་ཚུ་ མཇལ་བར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཕྱི་ནང་གི་མི་ལེ་ཤ་འོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འདི་གིས་གནས་སྐོརཔ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཚོགས་བསགས་སྒྲིབ་འབྱང་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་ དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་བལྟ་བཤལ་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་ འོང་འབབ་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་ཕན་ཐོགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་མ་ཚད་ ལྷུན་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཡོད་པའི་ སྐུད་ཤུད་ཐགས་ར་འབྱུང་ས་ཡང་ཨིན། འདི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་གི་མི་ཚུ་དང་ ཐད་ཀར་དུ་ ལྷུན་རྩེ་མཁོ་མ་གི་མི་ཚུ་ སྐུད་ཤུད་ཐགས་ར་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ཐགས་འཐག་ནི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོ་བཏོན་ཏེ་ འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་མ་ཚད་ འདི་བཟུམ་མའི་ཐགས་འཐག་ནི་འདི རང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་སྲོལ་ཡང་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སྔར་སྲོལ་སྲུང་སྐྱོབས་ལུ་ཡང་ཕན་ཐོགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་དང་བསྟུན་ ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ སྨན་ཁང་གཅིག་དང་གསོ་བའི་ལྟེ་བ་ དེ་ལས་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ ༡༧ ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་ལས་ མཐུན་རྐྱེན་གཞན་ཡང་ གློག་མེ་ སྣུམ་འཁོར་འགྲུལ་ལམ་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་དང་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་ཐབས་ལུ་ སོ་ནམ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལཱ་ཚུ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ཐོན་ཤུགས་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་གྱི་ལམ་བཟང་དང་ལྡན་ཏེ་ རང་ལུགས་ལམ་སྲོལ་མ་ཉམས་པ་དང་ མི་སྡེ་མཐུན་སྒྲིག་ཆེ་བ་ དེ་ལས་ རང་དགོ་རང་ལངས་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་དང་ མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་སྒྲིང་སྒྲིང་དང་ལྡན་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་ གནས་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་དང་། དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ རང་མགོ་རང་འདྲོང་སྦེ་གནས་ཐབས་ལུ་ ལེགས་བཟང་གི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ ཐོགས་པ་མེད་པར་མཁོ་སྤྲོད་འབད་དེ་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ཐབས་ལུ་ ཅི་ལྕོགས་གང་ལྕོགས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་ཞུ་ནི་གི་ བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན།ད་རེས་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ རྫོང་བདག་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་ རྫོང་རབ་དང་ལས་སྡེ་ཁག་གི་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་ འཆར་སྣང་དང་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་སེམས་ཁར་བཀལ་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་གང་དྲག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལས་ཤར་ཁ་ཐུག་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༤༥༠ དང་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་ལས་མི་ཊར་ ༤༠༠༠ གི་ས་ཁར་ ས་ཁྱོན་གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༡༩༤༠.༢༦སྦེ་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་མིང་ལུ་ ཧེ་མ་གཞོང་དཀར་ཟེར་སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་དེ་ཡང་བཤད་རྒྱུན་ལས་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་པའི་མོང་སྒར་གྱི་ས་གནས་འདི་ དཀར་པོ་གདུང་ཟེར་མི་རྒྱལ་པོ་གི་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་སྡོད་པའི་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་པོ་འདི་གིས་ སྤ་རོ་ལས་ཨིན་མི་སྤྲུལ་པའི་བཟོ་བོ་བ་ལེ་ ས་གནས་འདི་ཁར་རྫོང་གཞིས་ཅིག་བཞེངས་པར་འབོ་སྟེ་ རྫོང་ཆགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ས་གནས་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཅིག་འཚོལ་བཅུག་བའི་སྐབས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་ས་ གནས་སྐུ་རི་ཆུ་གི་ལྟག་ལུ་ རྡོ་དཀརཔོ་དབྱིབས་གཞོང་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་མཐོང་སྟེ་ ས་གནས་འདི་གི་མིང་ཡང་ གཞོང་དཀར་ཟེར་བཏགས་ ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྫོང་ཡང་འདི་ཁ་ར་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། འདི་ལས་ཚུར་ ས་གནས་ཀྱི་མིང་ལུ་གཞོང་དཀར་དང་ རྫོང་གཞིས་འདི་ལུ་གཞོང་དཀར་རྫོང་ ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་དར་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་སྒྲ་ཉམས་ཏེ་གཞོང་སྒར་དང་ འདི་ལས་ཡང་ མོང་སྒར་ཟེར་སླབ་སྲོལ་དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྫོང་ཁག་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ འདི་ནང་ལུ་ དྲུང་ཁག་གཅིག་དང་རྒེད་འོག་བཅུ་བདུན་ ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་རྒེད་འོག་མཐོ་ཤོས་ཡོད་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཨིན། མོང་སྒར་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ ད་རེས་ མི་རློབས་བསྡོམས་གྱིས་ ༤༡,༨༥༢ ཡོདཔ་དང་མི་མང་ཤོས་ར་འཚོ་བ་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལཱ་ལུ་ གཙོ་བོ་བཏོན་ཏེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་གཏེར་སྟོན་པདྨ་གླིང་པ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགསསྤྲུལ་དང་ཨ་ནེ་མཆོད་རྟེན་བཟང་མོ་ དེ་ལས་གཞན་ཡང་ པད་གླིང་གདུང་བརྒྱུད་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ སྐྱེས་བུ་དམ་པ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བྱོན་པའི་ས་གནས་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཨ་བརྒྱ་གནས་དང་དགྲ་མེད་རྩེ་ཨྱོན་རྣམ་གྲོལ་ཆོས་གླིང་དགོན་པ་ དེ་ལས་ མོང་སྒར་ཝེང་མཁར་དང་གཡག་སྒང་ལྷ་ཁང་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ བྱིན་ཅན་གྱི་གནས་དང་རྫོང་གཞིས་ལྷ་ཁང་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་ལས་ཡང་ འཛམ་གླིང་གི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཡོད་པའི་ དགྲ་མེད་རྩེ་རྔ་འཆམ་འབྱུང་སའི་རྫོང་ཁག་འབདཝ་ལས་ རང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པ་འདི་ལུ་ རྫོང་ཁག་མི་ཚུ་གིས་དཔའ་ཉམས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ བརྩི་བཀུར་དང་དག་སྣང་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ མི་ཉམས་གོང་འཕེལ་ གཏང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་དང་བསྟུན་ ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་གཙོ་བསྟེན་སྨན་ཁང་གཅིག་དང་གཞན་གསོ་བའི་ལྟེ་བ་ཚུ་ དེ་ལས་ གློག་རིག་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་སྦྱང་སའི་ མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་གཅིག་དང་ ཕྱི་ནང་གི་ཡོན་ཏན་སྦྱང་སའི་སློབ་གྲྭ་ ༥༤ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་མ་ཚད་ ནང་པའི་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱང་སའི་ བཤད་གྲྭ་དང་གྲྭ་ཚང་ཚུ་དང་ མཐུན་རྐྱེན་གཞན་ཡང་ གློག་མེ་དང་སྣུམ་འཁོར་འགྲུལ་ལམ་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་དང་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ དེ་ལས་ སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་མི་སེར་མང་ཤོས་ འཚོ་བ་སོ་ནམ་ལུ་ བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུ་སྣ་དགུའི་རིགས་དང་ཚོད་བསྲེ་གི་རིགས་ དེ་ལས་ ཤིང་འབྲས་ཀྱི་རིགས་ག་ར་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་འཚོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ ལས་ འདི་ཚུ་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་འོང་འབབ་འབོར་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཟོ་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་གི་ཐོག་ཁར་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་འབབ་ཆུ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ ཡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ མོང་སྒར་སྐུ་རི་ཆུ་ལུ་ མེ་ག་ཝཊ་ ༦༠ འབད་མི་གློག་མེ་ལས་འཛིན་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་དོན་ལུ་ གློག་མེ་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་འོང་འབབ་བཟོ་ཚུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ཡང་ སྔར་སྲོལ་དང་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་མ་ཉམས་པར་ མི་སེར་གྱི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ཤེས་ཡོན་ལྡན་པའི་ཁར་ དཔལ་ འབྱོར་ཐོག་ལས་ དགའ་བ་སྐྱིད་པའི་ངང་ལུ་གནས་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་དང་། དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུའི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཕན་རླབས་ཆེ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་བྱིན་ནི་འདི་ཨིན། ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ རྫོང་བདག་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་རྫོང་རབ་དང་དྲུང་པ་ དེ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་ཁག་གི་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་ འཆར་སྣང་དང་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་སེམས་ཁར་བཀལ་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་གང་དྲག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== བསམ་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ བསམ་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ཤར་ལས་ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག་དང་བྱང་ལས་ཧཱ་རྫོང་ཁག་ ལྷོ་ནུབ་ལས་ཝེསཊ་བེག་གཱལ་དང་སི་ཀིམ་གྱི་སྦུག་ན་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་ལས་ མི་ཊར་ ༦༠༠ དང་ ༨༠༠ གི་ས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཡོད་པའི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་དང་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ གོང་གཟིམ་བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་དབང་བའི་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་དང་ དེ་ཝཱན་དང་ཀར་ཛི་ཨྱོན་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་དབང་བའི་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་སྦེ་ ཕྱོགས་གཉིས་ལུ་དབྱེ་སྟེ་སྡོད་ནུག། ཨིན་རུང་ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ཉིས་སྟོང་བདུན་བཅུ་བདུན་གྲངས་ལུ་ ཤར་ནུབ་སྦེ་དབྱེ་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་བསམ་རྩེ་གི་ས་གནས་འདི་ གཞུང་སྒེར་གྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་སའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ རྡོ་རོ་ཁག་དྲུང་དང་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་གླིང་དྲུང་ཁག་བཅས་དྲུང་ཁག་གཉིས་དང་ བདུན་ཆུ་ཁ་ རྡོ་ཕུག་ཅན་ གདུམ་གཏོད་ བསམ་རྩེ་ ནོར་རྒྱས་སྒང་ པདྨ་གླིང་ བསྟན་འབྲུག་ ནོར་རྒྱས་ཆོས་གླིང་ བཀྲིས་ཆོས་གླིང་ ཨྱོན་རྩེ་ འོད་གསལ་རྩེ་ གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་ རྟ་ལྡིང་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་དཔལ་རི་བཅས་ རྒེད་འོག་བཅོ་ལྔ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
གོང་གི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་བསྡོམས་ཏེ་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་ས་ཁྱོན་གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༡༣༠༩.༡ ཡོདཔ་དང་ འདི་ནང་ ལྷོ་མཚམས་པ་དང་ཨ་དི་བ་ཤི་ དྲོ་ཡབ་མཅས་ མི་རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་གསུམ་གྱིས་གཞིས་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བསམ་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ ད་རེས་མི་རློབས་༥༣༩༦ ཡོདཔ་དང་ མི་སེར་མང་ཤོས་འཚོ་བ་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལཱ་ལུ་ གཙོ་བོ་བཏོན་ཏེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ཚ་དྲོད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ས་གནས་ ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཚལ་ལུ་དང་ཨེ་ལཱན་ཅི་ དེ་ལས་ རྡོག་མ་དང་མོ་དུ་ཕ་ལ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ ཤིང་འབྲས་ཚུ་གི་ཐོན་ཤུགས་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ནང་འཁོད་ལས་ཐོན་པའི་ཤིང་འབྲས་འདི་ཚུ་ རྒྱ་གར་དང་བང་ལ་དེཤ་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་ནང་ཕྱིར་བཙོང་འབད་དེ་ དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་འོང་འབབ་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་བཟོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ལུ་ཡང་ ལྷན་ཐབས་སྦོམ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ སྒོ་ནོར་གསོ་སྐྱོང་གི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ཡང་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྒོ་ནོར་ལས་ཐོན་པའི་ཐོན་ཁུངས་མར་དང་དར་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ རྫོང་ཁག་གཞན་ཚུ་ ནང་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་བསྟུན་ ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ གསོ་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་གནང་སའི་ སྨན་ཁང་གཅིག་དང་གསོ་བའི་ལྟེ་བ་ཚུ་ དེ་ལས་ སློབ་དཔོན་སྦྱོང་བརྡར་འབད་སའི་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་གཅིག་དང་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ ༣༤ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ བསམ་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ ཨ་ལོ་གཅེས་སྐྱོང་ལྟེ་བ་ ༢༤ དང་ གཞི་རྟེན་ཤེས་ཡོན་བྱིན་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་ ༦༠ ལྷག་རྩམ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མཐུན་རྐྱེན་གཞན་ཡང་ གློག་མེ་དང་སྣུམ་འཁོར་འགྲུལ་ལམ་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་དང་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ དེ་ལས་ གཞན་མི་སེར་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ རྫོང་ཁག་གཞན་བཟུམ་ སྦེ་རང་འཐོབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ཡང་ ཉེན་སྲུང་དང་ལྡན་པའི་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་དང་ ལམ་སྲོལ་གཅིག་མཚུངས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་མི་སྡེ་ཅིག་སྦེ་གནས་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་དང་། དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་ཡང་ མི་དམངས་ཞབས་ཏོག་དང་གཞི་རྟེན་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ འདྲ་མཉམ་དང་ཡུན་བརྟན་སྦེ་ཕུལ་ཐོག་ མི་སེར་ཚུའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་དང་ ལམ་སྲོལ་གྱི་ཞི་བདེ་ངེས་བརྟེན་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་ ཨིན། ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ རྫོང་བདག་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་རྫོང་རབ་དང་དྲུང་པ་གཉིས་ དེ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་ཁག་གི་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་ འཆར་སྣང་དང་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་སེམས་ཁར་བཀལ་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་གང་དྲག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ཁྱིམ་ཚང་རྒྱ་རྒར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ ཨ་སམ་གྱི་ས་མཚམས་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཧེ་མ་ལྷོ་མཚམས་སྤྱི་ཁྱབ་ཀྱི་འོག་ལུ་གནས་ཡོད་མི་ ཤོམ་སྤང་ཁ་ཟེར་མི་མངའ་སྡེ་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༧༣ ལུ་ རྫོང་བདག་གིས་དབང་བའི་གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་ས་ཁྱོན་ གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཏར་ ༡༩༤༦ཡོདཔ་དང་ འདི་ནང་ཁྲོམ་སྡེ་གཅིག་དང་དྲུང་ཁག་གཅིག་དེ་ལས་ རྒེད་འོག་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ མི་རློབས་ ༤༦,༠༠༤ ཡོད་ས་ལས་ མང་ཤོས་ལྷོ་མཚམས་པ་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ཁ་སྐད་ཡང་མང་ཤོས་ཀྱིས་ལྷོ་མཚམས་ཀྱི་ཁ་སྐད་ནེ་པ་ལི་འདི་སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ འགྲོ་འགྲུལ་འབད་སའི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་གསུམ་ཡོད་ས་ལས་ གཅིག་གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་དང་རྒྱ་གར་གཉིས་གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་དང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ལཱ་ཚུ་འབད་སའི་ རྒྱུན་ལམ་གྱི་ས་གནས་གལ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ས་ཁྱོན་མང་ཤོས་ ནགས་ཚལ་གྱིས་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རི་ནགས་ཀྱི་འཚོ་བ་དང་ལྡནམ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ གི་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ ཕིབ་སོ་རི་དྭགས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ས་ཁྱོན་གྱི་ཆ་ཤས་ཨིནམ་དང་ བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེང་གེ་ དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་གའི་ས་ཁྱོན་གྱི་ཆ་ཤས་ཨིན། འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་དང་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ མ་ནཱསི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་གའི་ནང་འཁོད་ཨིནམ་ལས་ འདི་ནང་གཅན་གཟན་གྱི་རིགས་དང་གླངམོ་ཆེ་ དེ་ལས་ གཞན་རི་དྭགས་སྣ་ཚོགས་འཁྱམས་ཏེ་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་རི་དྭགས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་དང་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ག་འདི་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ བལྟ་བཤལ་གྱི་ས་གནས་མཆོག་གྱུར་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན། འདི་དང་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ རི་ཁའི་ཚོད་བསྲེ་དང་ཤིང་འབྲས་ཚུ་ཡང་ལེ་ཤ་རང་འཚོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གསར་སྤང་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ སྐྱེས་ལྡན་རིགས་སྣ་གིས་ཕྱུག་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
དུས་འགྱུར་གྱི་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་བསྟུན་ ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་གཙོ་བསྟེན་སྨན་ཁང་གཅིག་དང་ གཞན་གསོ་བའི་ལྟེ་བ་ ཚུ་ དེ་ལས་ ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱང་སའི་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མཐུན་རྐྱེན་གཞན་ཡང་ གློག་མེ་དང་སྣུམ་འཁོར་འགྲུལ་ལམ་ དེ་ལས་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་དང་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ཚ་དྲོད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ས་གནས་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཤིང་འབྲས་རྡོག་མ་ གི་ཐོན་ཤུགས་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་མི་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ འཚོ་བ་འདི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ གཞན་ཡང་ གེ་ཟ་དང་བྱཱ་ ཚོད་བསྲེ་གི་རིགས་ཚུ་ རྣམ་རྒྱུན་བཟའ་འཐུང་གི་དོན་ལུ་འཚོ་བ་སྐྱོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ཡང་ ལམ་སྲོལ་མ་ཉམས་པ་དང་མཐའ་འཁོར་སྔོ་ལྗང་དང་ལྡན་པ་ དེ་ལས་ ཡུན་བརྟན་གྱི་མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ དང་ལྡན་པའི་ མཁས་རིག་གི་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་ལྟེ་བ་ཅིག་སྦེ་གནས་ནི་ཨིནམ་དང་།  དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་གི་མི་ཚུ་གི་ མི་ཚེ་འཚོ་སྐྱོང་ ཡུན་བརྟན་གི་དོན་ལུ་ དགོས་མཁོའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་གང་མགྱོགས་སྦེ་བྱིན་ནི་དང་  མཐའ་འཁོར་ཡུན་བརྟན་སྔོ་ལྗང་དང་ལྡན་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ མི་སྡེ་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་ དེ་ལས་ མི་སྡེ་དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ རང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་དང་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་དང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གི་ལྟེ་བ་ཅིག་ལུ་བསྒྲུབ་ནི་དོན་ལུ་ སེམས་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན།  ད་རེས་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ རྫོང་བདག་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་རྫོང་རབ་དང་དྲུང་པ་ དེ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་ཁག་གི་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་ འཆར་སྣང་དང་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་སེམས་ཁར་བཀལ་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་གང་དྲག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
&lt;big&gt;ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ བྱང་ཤར་ལས་བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག་དང་ལྷོ་ལས་གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་ ནུབ་ལས་དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་སྦུག་ལུ་ རྒྱ་མཚོའི་ཚད་ལས་མི་ཊར་ ༨༠༠ ལས་ ༤༨༠༠ གི་ས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཡོད་པའི་ འབྲུག་གི་དབུས་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ གི་ཆགས་རབས་ཡང་ སྔོན་ཡོངས་འཛིན་ངག་གི་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ཉམས་སྣང་ལུ་ ཆོས་སྲུང་དཔལ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོ་གིས་ འབྲུག་དབུས་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་འགྱོ་དགོཔ་སྦེ་མཇལ་ཡོདཔ་བཞིན་དུ་  ལུང་བསྟན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོའི་དཔུང་གྲོགས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༥༤༡ ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་གཡུ་གླིང་ཟེར་ས་བྱོན་ཏེབཞུགསཔ་ད་ ཕྱི་རུ་སྒོམ་གྱི་ཉམས་སྣང་ལུ་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་པའི་མགོན་ཁང་དེ་ཁར་ ནམ་མཁའ་སྟོང་པའི་ནང་ལས་ དཀར་མེ་འདྲ་བའི་མེའི་འོག་ཅིག་ཤར་ས་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ ཡོངས་འཛིན་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༥༤༣ ལུ་ དེ་ཁར་མཚམས་ཁང་ཅིག་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ སྒོམ་གནང་བཞུགས་ནུག། ཤུལ་ལས་ སྒོམ་རྐྱབ་མི་གཞན་ཚུ་ཡང་དེ་ཁར་འོངས་ཏེ་ མཚམས་ཁང་ལེ་ཤ་ཆགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཕྱི་མི་ཚུ་གིས་བལྟཝ་ད་ གཡུས་བཟུམ་མཐོངམ་ལས་ ས་གནས་འདི་གི་མིང་ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ཟེར་ གཡུས་ཚན་གསརཔ་ཟེར་དར་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༤༧ ལུ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ ས་གནས་འདི་གཞུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ གནང་སའི་ས་གནས་ཅིག་ལུ་བཟོ་གནང་སྟེ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མི་་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་མཆོག་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་དང་པ་བཀལ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་བཀའ་གནངམ་བཞིན་དུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱིས་འདི་ཁར་རྫོང་བཞེངས་གནང་སྟེ་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཆགས་ཡོདཔ་ ཨིན། རྫོང་འདི་གི་མཚན་ཡང་ འབྲུག་མི་འགྱུར་ཆོས་འཁོར་རབ་བརྟན་རྩེ་ཟེར་བཏགས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ མཚན་དེའི་དོན་དག་འདི་ཡང་ ས་གནས་དུང་དཀར་རྩེ་བཟུམ་ལུ་ཆགས་ཡོད་པའི་རྫོང་འདི་ འགྱུར་ནི་མེད་པའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་རབ་ཏུ་བརྟན་ཏེ་ ཡུན་རིང་དུ་གནས་པའི་དོན་ཨིན་མས། ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ རྩ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་ཡང་ ཧེ་མ་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་གི་ལྟེ་བ་སྦེ་སྡོད་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་བཞུགས་གནས་ཡང་ཨིན་མས། ད་རེས་ཡང་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཚུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་ཁྲི་མངའ་སྲོལ་ཡང་ དེ་ཁར་འབདཝ་ཨིན།ད་ལྟོ་རྫོང་འདི་ ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ བདག་སྐྱོང་དང་རབ་སྡེའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་སའི་ལྟེ་བ་ཨིནམ་དང་ རྫོང་ནང་ལུ་ ལྷ་ཁང་ ༢༦ ཡོདཔ་དང་ དགེ་སློབ་ཞལ་གྲངས་ ༤༥༠ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་སའི་ཆགས་ཚུལ་ གོ་དོག་དྲགས་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ས་གཞིས་དེ་ཡང་ རློན་ཞིང་དྲོད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཁར་ བསིལ་དྲོད་སྙོམས་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ཡང་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ དུས་རབས་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ ཨྱོན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ བུམ་ཐང་ལས་ལོག་རྒྱ་གར་ལུ་བྱོནམ་ད་ སྒོམ་གནང་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཞབས་རྗེ་དང་བྱིན་ཅན་གྱི་གནས་ ནུབ་སྦིས་ ཀུབ་བྲག་ ཨྱོན་བྲག་དང་ ཕུམ་ཟུར་ལྷ་ཁང་ཚུ་ནང་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ ས་གནས་འདི་བྱིན་རླབས་ཅན་གྱི་ས་གནས་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ས་ཁྱོན་གྲུ་བཞི་ཀོ་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༡༥༨༧ ཡོདཔ་དང་ འདི་ནང་ བྲག་སྟེང་ གོར་ཕུག་ ནུབ་སྦིས་ གླང་མཐིལ་ སྟང་སི་སྦིས་བཅས་ རྒེད་འོག་ལྔ་ཡོད།འདི་ནང་མི་རློབས་ ༡༩,༩༦༠ ཡོདཔ་དང་ ག་བ་ཡང་ཧེ་མ་སྡོད་ཡོད་པའི་ མོན་པ་ཚུ་གནས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ མང་ཆ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ སོ་ནམ་ཞིང་ལཱ་ལུ་བརྟེན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་  ཞིང་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ལོ་ཐོག་ཡང་སྣ་ཚོགས་སྦེ་ར་བཙུགས་དོ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གཡུས་ཚན་ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་ནང་ ཀེ་བ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་ཏེ་འོང་འབབ་བཟོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་གྱི་མི་ཚུ་ལས་མང་ཤོས་ཀྱིས མང་སྡེ་པའི་ཁ་སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཆ་ཤས་ཀྱིས་བུམ་ཐང་པའི་ཁ་སྐད་དང་ ཆ་ཤས་ཀྱིས་ཁེངས་ཁ་ དེ་ལས་ རེམ་གཉིསམོ་གིས་ ཨོ་ལེ་ཁ་ སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་སའི་རྒྱ་ཁྱོན་ གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༡༥༨༧ ཡོད་ས་ལས་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༨༧.༡༥ ནགས་ཚལ་གྱིས་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སའི་རྒྱ་ཁྱོན་གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༡༧༢༣ འབད་མི་ འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གླིང་ག་ཡང་ ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ཚུདཔ་ཨིན། གླིང་ག་དེ་ཁར་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་དཀོན་དྲགས་དང་ཉམས་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོད་མི་ སེམས་ཅན་དང་ཤིང་རིགས་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་དཀོན་དྲགས་ཆེ་བའི་ སྤྱ་དཀར་གསེར་གྱི་མདོག་ཅན་འདི་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གླིང་ག་འདི་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༠ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འདི་ཡང་ མི་གིས་མ་རེག་པའི་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་གནས་སྟངས་རིམ་ལུགས་འདི་ རང་འཇགས་སྦེ་བཞག་ནི་དང་ སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་འབད་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན། གླིང་ག་འདི་ནང་ ཀོང་ཤིང་དང་ཤིང་ཤོམ་འདབ་སྦོམ་ཡོད་མིའི་རིགས་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་འབབ་ཆུ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མེ་ག་ཝཊ་ ༧༢༠ འབད་མི་ མང་སྡེ་ཆུ་གློག་མེ་ལས་འཛིན་ཡང་ཡོད། འདི་གིས་ གློག་མེ་ལས་བརྟེན་པའི་ གཞུང་གི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་ལུ་ ལྷན་ཐབས་སྦོམ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་བསྟུན་ ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ གསོ་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་གནང་སའི་ སྨན་ཁང་གཅིག་དང་གསོ་བའི་ལྟེ་བ་ཚུ་ དེ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོ་བཏོན་པའི་ རིག་གཞུང་ལམ་སྲོལ་སྦྱང་སའི་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་གཅིག་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ ༢༠ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མཐུན་རྐྱེན་གཞན་ཡང་ གློག་མེ་དང་སྣུམ་འཁོར་འགྲུལ་ལམ་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་དང་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ དེ་ལས་ གཞན་མི་སེར་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ རྫོང་ཁག་གཞན་བཟུམ་སྦེ་རང་འཐོབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ རང་བཞིན་དང་མཐུན་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ མི་སྡེའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་སྒྲིང་སྒྲིང་བཟོ་ནི་ཨིནམ་དང་།དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་ཡང་འཇོན་དྲགས་དང་དོན་སྨིན་ཅན་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ ཞབས་ཏོག་སྤྲོད་ནི་འདི་ཨིན།ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ རྫོང་བདག་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་རྫོང་རབ་དང་ དེ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་ཁག་གི་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་ གིས་ འཆར་སྣང་དང་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་སེམས་ཁར་བཀལ་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་གང་དྲག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ཤར་ལས་མོང་སྒར་དང་པདྨ་དགའ་ཚལ་རྫོང་ཁག་ ནུབ་ལས་གསར་སྤང་དང་ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག་ བྱང་ལས་བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག་དང་ ལྷོ་ལས་རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་མངའ་སྡེ་ཨ་སམ་ཚུ་གི་སྦུག་ནང་ཆགས་ཡོད་པའི་ འབྲུག་ལྷོ་མཚམས་ཀྱི་དབུས་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལུ་གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ཁེངས་རིགས་རྣམ་གསུམ་ཟེར་སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འདི་ཡང་ ཁེངས་སྟོད་སྨད་བར་གསུམ་ལུ་ ཕྱོགས་དབྱེ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཨིན་མས། གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ས་ཁྱོན་ གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༢༤༢༡ ཡོདཔ་དང་ སའི་ཆགས་ཚུལ་ཡང་གོ་དོག་དྲགས་སྦེ་ རློན་ཞིང་དྲོད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཁར་ བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་བསིལ་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ སྔོན་དུས་རབས་ ༡༢ པའི་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༡༦༣ ལུ་ བླ་མ་ཞང་རྡོ་རྗེ་ གྲགས་པ་མཆོག་བོད་ལས་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡོད་པའི་གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་གི་ས་གནས་འདི་ཁར་ མཚམས་ཁང་གཅིག་བཞེངས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཤུལ་ལས་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་མཛད་དེ་རབ་སྡེ་ཅིག་ལུ་གྱུར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་མ་ཚད་ ཤུལ་ལས་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱི་སྐབས་ལུ་ རྫོང་འདི་གཞུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་གནང་སའི་ལྟེ་བ་སྦེ་ཡང་བཟོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རྫོང་ཁག་སྦེ་ཆགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ ད་རེས་ དྲུང་ཁག་གཅིག་དང་ ཀྲོང་ ངང་ལ་ ནང་སྐོར་ བར་རྡོ་ འཕངས་མཁར་ འབྱོག་དཀར་ ཤིང་མཁར་ སྒོ་ཤིང་བཅས་ རྒེད་འོག་བརྒྱད་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འདི་ནང་ཁྱིམ་གུང་པ་ ༣༨༠༣ དང་མི་རློབས་ ༡༧,༧༦༣ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་ནང་གི་མི་མང་ཤོས་ཀྱིས ཁེངས་ཁ་འདི་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལུ་འདི་ནང་གི་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཁེངས་པ་ཟེར་སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་ འཚོ་བ་སོ་ནམ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོ་བཏོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གེ་ཟ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་འབྲུ་སྣ་དགུའི་རིགས་ག་ར་འཚོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་ ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ཀྱི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ དངུལ་ཐོག་གཙོ་བོ་ཚལ་ལུ་གི་ཐོན་ཤུགས་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དངུལ་གྱི་འོང་འབབ་སྦོམ་བཟོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་གི་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་ སྒོ་ནོར་གྱི་ལཱ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོ་བཏོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྒོ་ནོར་གསོ་སྐྱོང་གི་ཐོན་ཁུངས་ལུ་བརྟེན་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། འདི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་གི་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ཚར་བཟོའི་ལཱ་རྒྱ་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་བང་ཅུང་ ཚར་ཞྭ་ པ་ལང་ ཙེའུ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཚར་བཟོའི་ཐོན་དངོས་ཚུ་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ རང་ལུགས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་གཙོ་བོ་བཏོན་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ བོན་གྱི་ཆོས་ལུགས་མ་ཉམས་པར་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གཞན་རྫོང་ཁག་གཞན་ཚུ་ནང་མེད་པའི་ བོན་གྱི་ཆོས་ལུགས་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཡོད་པའི་ས་གནས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་དང་ སྔར་སྲོལ་གྱི་གླུ་གཞས་དང་ཞབས་ཁྲ་ཚུ་མ་ཉམས་པར་ཡོད་པའི་ ལམ་སྲོལ་ བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་གིས་ཕྱུག་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཨིན། འདི་དང་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ གཏེར་སྟོན་པདྨ་གླིང་པ་གིས་བཞེངས་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་ བུ་ལི་དང་ཐར་པ་ཆོས་གླིང་ལྷ་ཁང་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ བྱིན་ཅན་གྱི་ས་གནས་དང་ལྷ་ཁང་ཚུ་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། གཞན་ཡང་ གཞལམ་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ནགས་ཚལ་གྱི་ཁྱབ་ཚད་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མ་ནཱསི་དང་འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ག་ དེ་ལས་ རི་དྭགས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཀྱི་ས་གོ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ས་གནས་འདི་ཚུ་ནང་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་དཀོན་དྲགས་དང་ཉམས་ནིའི་ཉེན་ཁ་ཡོད་མི་ སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་རིགས་ ༢༢ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་དང་ འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ལུ་དཀོན་དྲགས་ཆེ་བའི་ སྤྱ་དཀར་གསེར་གྱི་མདོག་ཅན་དང་བསེ་རུ་ཚུ་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་བསྟུན་ ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ གསོ་བའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་གནང་སའི་ སྨན་ཁང་གཅིག་དང་གསོ་བའི་ལྟེ་བ་ཚུ་ དེ་ལས་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ ༡༤ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མཐུན་རྐྱེན་གཞན་ཡང་ གློག་མེ་དང་སྣུམ་འཁོར་འགྲུལ་ལམ་ ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་དང་དངུལ་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ དེ་ལས་ གཞན་མི་སེར་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ རྫོང་ཁག་གཞན་བཟུམ་སྦེ་རང་འཐོབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལཱ་དང་ཐོན་ཤུགས་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཁེངས་རིགས་རྣམ་གསུམ་གྱི་མི་ཚུ་གི་མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་རང་དགོ་རང་ལངས་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་དང་། དམིགས་སྐྱེད་འདི་ཡང་འཕྲུལ་རིག་དང་ཚོང་ལཱ་ དེ་ལས་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་ཚུ་ འགོ་སྒྲིག་རྣམ་དག་གི་སྒོ་ལས་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ཐོན་ཤུགས་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་འདི་ཨིན།ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ རྫོང་བདག་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་རྫོང་རབ་དང་དྲུང་པ་ དེ་ལས་ ལས་སྡེ་ཁག་གི་འགོ་དཔོན་ཚུ་གིས་ འཆར་སྣང་དང་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་སེམས་ཁར་བཀལ་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་དང་མི་སེར་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་གང་དྲག་ཞུ་བཞིན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 
=== ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ལོ་ལྔའི་འཆར་གཞི་དྲུག་པ་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་དུས་མཉམ་  སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༧ ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། རྒྱ་ཚད་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་གྲུ་བཞི་ ༡༨༧༩.༥ འབད་མི་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ནང་ རྒྱ་མཚོའི་མཐའ་མ་ལས་ མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༢༠༠-༣༥༠༠ གི་ས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དབུས་ཕྱོགས་དང་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ས་གནས་ཚུ་ནང་འཛུལ་སའི་འཛུལ་སྒོ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འུར་བྱེལ་ཅན་གྱི་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་སའི་ལྟེ་བ་དང་ནང་འདྲེན་དང་ཕྱིར་ཚོང་འཐབ་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་ལྟེ་བ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མི་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་དྲུང་ཁག་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཆགས་ཏེ་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་དྲུང་ཁག་དང་ཁྲོམ་སྡེ། བསམ་འཕེལ་གླིང་རྒེད་འོག་དང་སྦོང་གོ་རྒེད་འོག། བྱག་ཕྱོགས་རྒེད་འོག། སྐྱབས་ཆ་རྒེད་འོག། དར་ལ་རྒེད་འོག། གདུང་ན་རྒེད་འོག། དགེ་ཏ་ན་རྒེད་འོག། དགེ་གླིང་རྒེད་འོག། ལོག་ཅི་ན་རྒེད་འོག། སྨད་སྟབས་ཁ་རྒེད་འོག། ཕུན་ཚོགས་གླིང་རྒེད་འོག་ཚུ་བརྩིས་པའི་ དྲུང་ཁག་གཅིག་དང་ཁྲོམ་སྡེ་གཅིག་ དེ་ལས་ རྒེད་འོག་བཅུ་གཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ བཟའ་སྤྱོད་འབད་བཏུབ་པའི་ས་གཞི་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༤.༩ ཡོདཔ་ད་ རྒེད་འོག་ག་རའི་ནང་ སོ་ནམ་ཞིང་ལམ་དང་འཐུང་ཆུ་ གློག་མེ་དང་འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་གྱི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ལྷོད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༦ ལོ་ལུ་ བརྡ་དོན་དང་བརྒྱུད་འབྲེལ་ལྷན་ཁག་གིས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་གི་རྒེད་འོག་ག་རའི་ནང་ གློག་རིག་ཡོངས་འབྲེལ་གྱི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་བྱིན་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྩིས་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༧-༢༠༡༨ ལུ་ རྫོང་ཁག་བརྡ་དོན་འཕྲུལ་རིག་ཡིག་ཚང་གིས་ རྒེད་འོག་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ སྨན་ཁང་དང་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཚུ་ནང་ལས་ཕར་ཡང་ མཐུན་རྐྱེན་དེ་ཚུ་བྱིན་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ འོང་འབབ་ཀྱི་ཐོན་ཁུངས་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མི་ ཆུ་ཁ་གློག་མེ་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་དང་ དར་ལ་གློག་མེ་འཕྲུལ་ཁང་གཉིསཔོ་འདི་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་གི་མི་སེར་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ར་ འཚོ་བ་སྒོ་ནོར་དང་ རང་འཚོ་ཙམ་གྱི་སོ་ནམ་ལཱ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ བྱཱ་འཛུག་སྐྱོང་འདི་རྗོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ ཁྱབ་ཆེ་བའི་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ལཱ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ ཚལ་ལུ་དང་ཀེ་བ་ ཨ་ལཱན་ཅི་དེ་ དངུལ་ཐོག་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ མི་རློབས་ ༨༤༢༠༣ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ནང་ཁྱིམ་གུང་པ་ ༢༨༧༠ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ཡང་ མི་སྡེ་གཅིག་མཐུན་དང་ཕན་ནུས་ཅན་གྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་ རང་བཞིན་མཐའ་འཁོར་གནས་སྟངས་བརྟན་ཏོག་ཏོ་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་འདྲ་མཉམ་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ཐད་ཁར་ རྫོང་ཁག་དྲག་ཤོས་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་ཨིནམ་ད་ དེའི་དམིགས་གཏད་འདི་ཡང་ སྣ་མང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་དང་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་མི་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ འོས་མཐུན་གྱི་གནས་སྟངས་བཟོ་སྦེ་བྱིན་ནི་འདི་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བཟོ་རིག་གཙུག་ལག་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༡ ལུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་མི་ ཚན་རིག་དང་འཕྲུལ་རིག་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་འདི་ཡང་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་འཛིན་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་སྡེ་འོག་ལུ་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་དང་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་གི་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཚུ་ལྷབ་སྦྱང་འབད་སའི་གཞུང་གི་རང་སྐྱོང་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མི་ དགེ་འདུ་ཚོང་རིག་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་འདི་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཆུ་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ ཁ་སྐད་གཙོ་བོ་ བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་རྫོང་ཁ་སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ལྷོ་མཚམས་པ་ དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ བསམ་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ས་མཚམས་བདའ་སྟེ་ ལྷོཔ་གི་ཁ་སྐད་སླབ་མི་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཧཱ་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ ཧཱ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཁལ་གཅིག་གི་གྲས་ལས་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ས་མཚམས་ཁར་ ས་གཞི་རྒྱ་ཚད་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་གྲུ་བཞི་ ༡༨༩༩.༢༠ དང་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་མཐའ་མ་ལས་ མི་ཊར་ ༡༠༠༠-༥༦༠༠ གི་ས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཧཱ་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ཁྱིམ་གུང་པ་ ༢༩༥༢ ཡོདཔ་ད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༧ ལོའི་ མི་རྩིས་དང་འཁྲིལཝ་ད་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ མི་རློབས་ ༡༣༦༥༥ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་ བཀོད་དེ་འདུག། &lt;br&gt;
ཧཱ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ མགར་ས་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ མི་རློབས་ཉུང་ཤོས་ཡོད་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཁྱབ་ཆེ་བའི་ཁ་སྐད་འདི་ཡང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྐད་ཡིག་ རྫོང་ཁ་འདི་ར་ཨིན་མས། ཧཱ་རྫོངཁག་ནང་ དྲུང་ཁག་གཅིག་དང་རྒེད་འོག་དྲུག་ སྤྱི་འོག་སུམ་ཅུ་དང་གཡུས་ཚན་ ༩༦ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཧཱ་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ ལོ་ཐོག་གཙོ་བོ་ ཀར་ ནག་ བྱཱོ་དང་ ས་ཁ་དམའ་ས་ལས་ཕར་ བྱཱ་ཡང་འཚོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ ཀེ་བ་དང་ཨེ་མ་ ཨེ་པཱལ་དང་གཞན་དངུལ་ཐོག་ཚུ་ཡང་འཛུག་སྐྱོང་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་མི་སེར་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་གིས་ གཡག་དང་ནོར་ བྱམོ་དང་ཕགཔ་ རྟ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྒོ་ནོར་གསོ་སྐྱོང་གི་ལཱ་ཚུ་ཡང་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཧཱ་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ས་གཞི་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༧༨ དེ་ཅིག་ ནགས་ཚལ་གྱིས་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ འདི་གིས་ མི་སྡེ་ནང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གནས་སྟངས་ཀྱི་ནང་ལུ་ ཕན་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་ཐོགསཔ་ཨིན་མས། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༢ ལས་ར་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ ལྟ་བཤལ་གྱི་སྒོ་འདི་ཕྱེ་ཡོད་རུང་ སྤ་རོ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་དང་བུམ་ཐང་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ར་འདི་ཡར་རྒྱས་འགྱོ་མ་ཚུགས་པས། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་ མེ་རི་སྤུན་གསུམ་གྱི་ཉེ་འདབས་ལུ་ རྩ་ཆེ་བའི་ ལྷ་ཁང་དཀརཔོ་དང་གནགཔོ་གཉིས་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་དུས་རབས་ ༧ པ་ལས་ར་བཞེངས་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་འདུག། ལུང་གཤོང་འདི་གི་ལྟག་ལུ་ར་ ཧཱ་དགོན་པ་ཟེར་མི་ལྷ་ཅིག་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ ལོ་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ རང་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལུ་ སངས་རྒྱས་འོག་དཔག་མེད་ལུ་མཆོད་པ་ཚུ་ཕུལ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དོ་རུང་ ལྷ་ཁང་དཀརཔོ་དང་གནགཔོ་གི་ཉེ་འདབས་ལུ་ མཆོད་རྟེན་ཅིག་ཡོད་མི་དེའི་སྦོ་ལོ་ཁར་ཡོད་པའི་རྡོ་སྦོམ་ཅིག་གུར་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གི་དབུ་ཞྭ་དང་སྐུ་རྗེས་ཚུ་ཡང་མཇལ་ནི་འདུག།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== པདྨ་དགའ་ཚལ་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ པདྨ་དགའ་ཚལ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ཤར་ལྷོ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ཆགས་ཡོད་པའི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཁལ་གཅིག་གི་གྲས་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིན། ས་གཞི་རྒྱ་ཚད་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་གྲུ་བཞི་ ༡༠༢༣ འབད་མི་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ རྒྱ་མཚོའི་མཐའ་མ་ལས་ མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༡༠༠༠ ལས་ ༣༥༠༠ གི་ས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ བྱང་ཤར་ཁ་ཐུག་བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་དང་ནུབ་བྱང་ཁ་ཐུག་མོང་སྒར་ ནུབ་ཁ་ཐུག་གཞལམ་སྒང་ ཤར་ཁ་ཐུག་བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་དང་ལྷོ་ཁ་ཐུག་རྒྱ་གར་ཨ་སམ་གྱི་མངའ་སྡེ་ཚུ་གི་སྦུག་ལུ་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་ས་གཞི་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༨༧.༦༥ དེ་ཅིག་ ནགས་ཚལ་གྱིས་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ནང་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ ཀོང་ཤིང་གི་རིགས་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་གནམ་གཤིས་གནས་སྟངས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ གནམ་བྱཱར་ལུ་ཚ་དྲོད་དང་རློན་གཤེར་ཅན་སྦེ་ སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ གནམ་དགུན་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ བསིལ་དྲོད་རན་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
རྒེད་འོག་བཅུ་གཅིག་ཡོད་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ ཁྱིམ་གུང་པ་ ༤༤༨༦ ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ མི་རློབས་བསྡོམས་ ༢༥༠༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ནང་བཟའ་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ ས་གཞི་ཡང་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་སྐམ་ཞིང་ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་གི་རྒེད་འོག་ག་རའི་ནང་ འཁོར་ལམ་ཚུ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་གིས་ ཅ་ཆས་དང་མི་ཚུ་སྐྱེལ་འདྲེན་འབད་ནིའི་ནང་ལུ་ བྱ་སྟབས་བདེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་སོང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་མ་ཚད་ འཁོར་ལམ་འདི་ལས་བརྟེན་ རྫོང་ཁག་དང་དྲུང་ཁག་ རྒེད་འོག་དང་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་བར་ན་ འབྲེལ་བ་འཐབ་ནིའི་ནང་ཁེ་ཕན་སྦོམ་བྱུང་སྟེ་འདུག། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ མི་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ གསོ་བ་དང་ཤེས་རིག་ སྒོ་ནོར་དང་སོ་ནམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་བྱིན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཞི་གཡོགཔོ་ ༧༧༢ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ མི་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ ཕྱག་དང་སྙན་དར་ སྨན་ལམ་དང་ཁ་ཐུན་ཚུ་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ལྷ་ཁང་དང་དགོན་སྡེ་ ༡༡༢ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ནང་ལུ་ ག་ནི་བ་རྩ་ཆེ་བའི་ ཡོངས་ལ་དགོན་པ་དང་ཁེ་རི་དགོན་པ་ གདུང་དཀར་དགོན་པ་གསུམ་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་འདུག། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཡོད་པའི་ ཡོངས་ལ་རི་བོ་དཔལ་འབར་དར་རྒྱས་ཆོས་གླིང་དགོན་པའམ་དཔལ་རི་དགོན་པ་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལུ་ ཡོངས་ལ་དགོན་པ་ཟེར་ཞུ་མི་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ ཡོངས་ལ་བླམ་གཉིས་པ་ རྡོ་རྗེ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༧༣༦ ལོ་ལུ་བཞེངས་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་འདུག།  ས་གནས་འདི་ གཏེར་སྟོན་ཆེན་པོ་ རིག་འཛིན་འཇིགས་མེད་གླིང་པའི་ཞལ་བཀོད་དང་ འཁྲིལ་ མཁས་གྲུབ་འཇིགས་མེད་ཀུན་བྲལ་མཆོག་གིས་ངོས་འཛིན་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་བསྒང་ སྒྲུབ་སྡེ་ལྟེ་བ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་གཞི་བཙུགས་ གནང་ནུག། ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་ཡོངས་ལ་ཕུར་པའི་སྒྲུབ་ཆེན་འདི་ མཁས་གྲུབ་འཇིགས་མེད་ཀུན་བྲལ་གྱི་སྐབས་ལས་ར་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ ད་ དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ བླམ་རིམ་ཐེངས་ ༡༦ བྱོན་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དགོན་པ་འདི་ ཚར་གཅིག་ཉམས་ཆག་ཤོར་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ གྲུབ་དབང་བསོད་ནམས་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྔར་བཞིན་ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དོ་རུང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༩ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༩ པའི་སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༢༡ ལུ་ ས་ཡོམས་ཤུགས་སྦེ་རྐྱབ་མི་འདི་གིས་ ལྷ་ཁང་ལུ་གནོད་རྐྱེན་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་ རྐྱབ་ཡོད་རུང་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་ དགོན་པ་འདི་ འདི་འཕྲོ་ལས་ར་ སྔར་བཞིན་ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུ་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་དང་བསྟུན་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་ཉམས་གསོ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
ང་བཅས་རའི་ མ་འོངས་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་ཚུ་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱངས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆུང་བ་ ༡༨ དང་འབྲིང་རིམ་འོག་མའི་སློབ་གྲྭ་ ༦ འབྲིང་རིམ་གོང་མའི་སློབ་གྲྭ་ ༢ དང་ དེ་ལས་ ཧེ་མ་ ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱངས་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་མ་ཐོབ་མི་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞི་རྟེན་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱང་སའི་ལྟེ་བ་ ༣༦ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ནང་ ད་ལྟོ་ སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༦༡༨༠ དང་ གཞི་རྟེན་ཤེས་ཡོན་སྦྱངས་མི་ ༤༠༢ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་འབདཝ་ལས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་ བྲི་ལྷག་ཤེས་ཡོན་གྱི་གནས་ཚད་འདི་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༥༦.༡ གུར་ལྷོད་དེ་འདུག། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཞབས་ལས་ སའི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་གནང་སྟེ་ བོ་རང་མ་དང་ཁྱི་ན་དང་ལུ་ གཞི་གསར་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་མི་འདི་གིས་ ཕན་སྦོམ་སྦེ་ར་ཐོགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། པདྨ་དགའ་ཚལ་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ རྒེད་འོག་ བཅུ་གཅིག་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཕྱི་མུངས་རྒེད་འོག་དང་ཆོས་འཁོར་གླིང་རྒེད་འོག་ སྐྱོང་ཤིང་བོ་རང་རྒེད་འོག་ བདེ་ཆེན་གླིང་རྒེད་འོག་ གདུང་སྨད་རྒེད་འོག་ མཁར་རྒེད་འོག་ ན་ནོང་རྒེད་འོག་ ནོར་བུ་སྒང་རྒེད་འོག་ ཤུ་མར་རྒེད་འོག་ གཡུ་རུང་རྒེད་འོག་ ཟོ་བལ་རྒེད་འོག་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་ད་ ནུར་བུ་སྒང་རྒེད་འོག་ནང་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་མ་ནཱསི་གླིང་ཀ་གི་ཆ་ཤས་ཅིག་ཡང་དེ་ནང་ཚུད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ ཨིན་མས། པདྨ་དགའ་ཚལ་རྫོང་ཁག་གིས་ གོང་འཕེལ་དང་འབྲེལ་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ རྫོང་ཁག་གི་འཆར་སྣང་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་སའི་ལྟེ་བ་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡུན་བརྟན་དང་འདྲ་མཉམ་གྱི་སྒོ་ ལས་ སྐྱིད་ཉམས་ལྡན་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་ལུ་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེད་དེ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;

=== བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ཤར་ལྷོ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཁལ་གཅིག་གྲས་ལས་གཅིག་ ཨིན། ས་གཞི་རྒྱ་ཚད་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་གྲུ་བཞི་ ༡༨༧༧.༩༤ འབད་མི་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ རྒྱ་གར་ཨཱ་སམ་གྱི་མངའ་སྡེ་དང་ཨ་རུ་ན་ཅཱལ་པྲ་ ཌེཤ་གི་ས་མཚམས་དང་ཅིག་ཁར་མཐུད་འབྲེལ་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
རྒྱ་མཚོའི་མཐའ་མ་ལས་ མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༦༠༠-༡༢༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་གི་ས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་ཁྲོམ་སྡེ་དང་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ཆོས་གླིང་དྲུང་ཁག་ ཇོ་མོ་གཙང་ཁ་དྲུང་ཁག་ ཝང་ཕུག་རྒེད་འོག་དང་གོམ་དར་རྒེད་འོག་ བདེ་བ་ཐང་རྒེད་འོག་ ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཐང་ རྒེད་འོག་ པདྨ་ཐང་རྒེད་འོག་ བསམ་རང་རྒེད་འོག་ མར་ཚ་ལ་རྒེད་འོག་ གླང་ཅན་ཕུག་རྒེད་འོག་ གསེར་ཐིག་རྒེད་འོག་ ལའུ་རི་རྒེད་འོག་ཚུ་རྩིས་པའི་ ཁྲོམ་སྡེ་གཅིག་དང་ དྲུང་ཁག་གཉིས་ རྒེད་འོག་བཅུ་གཅིག་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་འོག་ ༥༨ དང་གཡུས་ཚན་ ༡༩༡ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
གཡུས་ཚན་ ༡༩༡ དང་སྤྱི་འོག་ ༥༨ རྒེད་འོག་ ༡༡ དང་དྲུང་ཁག་ ༢ འབད་མི་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ ཁྱིམ་གུང་པ་ ༤༨༠༨ ཡོདཔ་ད་ ཕོ་སྐྱེས་ ༢༠༧༨༦ དང་ཨམ་སྲུ་ ༡༩༩༨༠ འབདཝ་ད་ མི་རློབས་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༤༠༧༦༦ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ས་ཁ་དམའ་ལུ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ དེའི་གནམ་གཤིས་གནས་སྟངས་ཡང་ མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ར་  དྲོད་ཤུགས་ཅན་ཅིག་སྦེ་ར་ སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ དྲོད་ཤུགས་ཀྱི་ཚད་ མཐོ་ཤོས་ར་ ཌི་གི་རི་སེན་ཊི་གེརེཌ་ ༣༦ དང་ དམའ་ཤོས་ ༡༤ གི་བར་སྡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ལོ་བསྟར་ཆར་ཆུ་ཡང་ མི་ལི་མི་ཊར་ ༥༣༠༩.༤ དེ་ཅིག་གི་རྩིས་འབབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ས་གཞི་ཚུ་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་དང་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ས་བཅུད་དང་ལྡནམ་སྦེ་ཡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སོ་ནམ་དང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ ཚུའི་གོ་སྐབས་དང་འོས་འབབ་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། ཨིན་རུང་ ད་ལྟོ་གནས་བཞིན་ཡོད་པའི་ཉན་སྲུང་གི་གནད་དོན་དང་ ས་ཆའི་རང་ གཤིས་ལུ་བརྟེན་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ བརྩམས་ཡོད་པའི་མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ལུ་ གདོང་ལེན་ཚུ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། གདོང་ལེན་དེ་ཚུ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ར་འབད་རུང་ རྫོང་ཁག་གིས་ བརྩམས་ཡོད་པའི་ལས་སྣ་ཚུ་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་ར་འབད་ཚུགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ས་གཞི་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ལས་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༨༦.༡༥ འདི་ནགས་ཚལ་གྱིས་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༩༩ དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་ ཉེན་སྲུང་ལྡན་པའི་འཐུང་ཆུ་དང་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༨༧.༡ ལུ་ གློག་མེའི་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ བྲི་ལྷག་ཤེས་ཡོན་གྱི་གནས་ཚད་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༥༢.༤ ཡོད་པའི་གུར་ འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༩༧ དང་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༧༤ གི་རྩིས་ སོ་ནམ་ཞིང་ལམ་གྱི་མཐུད་འབྲེལ་ཚུ་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། གྲུབ་འབྲས་འདི་ཚུ་གིས་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ཡར་དྲག་ འགྱོ་བའི་བརྡ་ཚོན་ཚུ་སྟོནམ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ པདྨ་དགའ་ཚལ་དང་བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་གཡང་རྩེ་ ལྷུན་རྩེ་ མོང་སྒར་ཚུ་རྩིས་པའི་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ལྔ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་སའི་ལྟེ་བ་ཅིག་ཨིན། བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངས་མཁར་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ཁྲོམ་འདི་ རྒྱ་གར་གྱི་ས་མཚམས་དང་མཐུད་འབྲེལ་འབད་དེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་གིས་ བསམ་གྲུབ་ལྗོངསམཁར་རྫོང་ཁག་རྐྱངམ་ཅིག་མེན་པར་ ཉེ་འདབས་ཀྱི་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡང་འདྲན་འདྲ་སྦེ་རང་ཕན་ཐོགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ཁྲོམ་དེ་ནང་ འབྲུག་བཟའ་སྤྱོད་ལས་འཛིན་ གྱི་མཛོད་ཁང་དང་ ཚལ་ལུ་དང་ཀེ་བ་ཚུ་རིན་བསྡ྄ར་འབད་སའི་རིན་བསྡུར་ཁང་ཚུ་ཡང་ཡོདཔཨིན། ཨིན་རུང་ འཕྲལ་འཕྲལ་སྦེ་ར་ ཨ་སམ་གྱི་བྲེལ་ ཟིང་འདི་འཐོན་ནི་ཡོད་མི་འདི་གིས་ ཐོན་སྐྱེས་དང་ཅ་ཆས་ཚུ་ཕྱིར་ཚོང་འཐབ་ནིའི་ནང་གདོང་ལེན་བྱུང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གིས་ ཁོང་རའི་འཆར་སྣང་ མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གྱི་གནས་ཚད་ རང་བཞིན་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་དང་ སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ཡར་སྐྱེད་ དང་ཅིག་ཁར་ ཞི་བདེ་དང་མཐུན་པའི་རང་མགོ་རང་འདྲོང་གི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ དེའི་དམིགས་གཏད་ གྲོང་གསེབ་ཀྱི་འཚོ་བའི་ མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་ཐོག་ལུ་ ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་ ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནིའི་ནང་ གཙོ་བོར་བཟུང་སྟེ་ ལཱ་ཚུ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;

=== བཀྲ་ཤིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ བཀྲ་ཤིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་ཚར་ཅིག་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་མངའ་འོག་གི་དྲུང་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་སྡོད་ཡོད་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༢ ལོ་ལུ་ ལོགས་སུ་སྦེ་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
ས་གཞི་རྒྱ་ཚད་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་གྲུ་བཞི་ ༡༤༣༧.༩ འབད་མི་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ རྒྱ་མཚོའི་མཐའ་མ་ལས་ མཐོ་ཚད་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༡༧༥༠ ལས་ ༡༨༨༠ ཚུ་གྱི་ས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་གཡང་རྩེ་ཟེར་བའི་མིང་དེ་ཡང་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༥ པའི་ནང་ རིག་འཛིན་ཆེན་པོ་ གཏེར་སྟོན་པདྨ་གླིང་པ་མཆོག་གིས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ འབུམ་སྡེ་གླིང་རྒེད་འོག་དང་འཇམ་མཁར་རྒེད་འོག་ ཁམས་དྭངས་རྒེད་འོག་ རམ་སྦྱར་རྒེད་འོག་ སྟོད་མཚོ་རྒེད་འོག་ སྟོང་ཞང་རྒེད་འོག་ གཡང་རྩེ་རྒེད་འོག་ ཡ་ལངས་རྒེད་འོག་བཅས་ རྒེད་འོག་བརྒྱད་ཡོདཔ་ད་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཀྱིས་ཕྱུག་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་དེ་ནང་གི་བྱང་ཁ་ཐུག་གི་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཤིང་བཟོ་དང་དལ་ཤོག་བཟོ་ནིའི་ལག་རྩལ་འདི་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཁོང་ཚུ་གིས་ འཚོ་བ་གཙོ་བོ་ འདི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ སྐྱོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ ལྷོ་ཁ་ཐུག་གི་མི་ཚུ་གིས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སོ་ནམ་དང་སྒོ་ནོར་ དངུལ་ཐོག་ཚུ་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་དེ་ནང་ མི་རློབས་བསྡོམས་ ༡༧༣༠༠ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ ཁ་སྐད་ཀྱི་རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་གསུམ་དེ་ཅིག་སླབ་མི་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ འབུམ་སྡེ་གླིང་རྩིས་པའི་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ ཛ་ལ་ཁ་སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ འཇམ་མཁར་དང་ཁམས་དྭངས་ ཡ་ལངས་དང་རམ་སྦྱར་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ཚངས་ལྷའི་ཁ་སྐད་དེ་སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྟོང་ཞང་རྒེད་འོག་ནང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཁྱོད་ཅག་ང་ཅག་དང་ཁེངས་ཁ་ཚུ་སླབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
བཀྲ་ཤིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཀྱི་ཕྱུག་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ དེ་ནང་ ཁོ་ལོང་ཆུ་རི་དྭགས་སྲུང་སྐྱོབས་ས་ཁོངས་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༣ ལུ་ གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་ནུག། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ འབུམ་སྡེ་གླིང་རི་དྭགས་སྲུང་སྐྱོང་ས་ཁོངས་ཡང་ཡོདཔ་ད་ འདི་གིས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་བྱང་ཁ་ཐུག་གི་ས་གནས་ཕྱེད་ཀ་ཅིག་ཁྱབ་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ཨྱོན་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་གིས་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་དེ་ནང་ ག་ནི་བ་རྩ་ཆེ་བའི་གནས་དང་ལྷ་ཁང་དགོན་སྡེ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་ རྒྱལ་རབས་ནང་གལ་གནད་ཆེ་ཤོས་གཅིགཔོ་འདི་  རིགས་གསུམ་མགོན་པོའི་ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ཨིན། ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༨ པའི་ནང་ རྗེ་མཁན་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༩ པ་ རྒྱལ་དབང་ཤཀྱཱ་རིན་ཆེན་གྱི་སློབ་མ་ བླམ་ཚེ་རིང་རྒྱ་མཚོ་མཆོག་གིས་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་གཡང་རྩེ་རྫོང་ཁག་ལྟེ་བའི་བྱང་ཁ་ཐུག་ རིགས་གསུམ་མགོན་པོའི་སྐུ་རྗེས་ཡོད་སའི་བྱག་ཕུག་ཅིག་གུར་ བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ཚུར་ བླམ་བྱང་ཆུབ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ བླམ་ངག་དབང་བློ་གྲོས་ ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྐྱེས་བུ་དམ་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ ལྷ་ཁང་འདི་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་གནང་སྟེ་ སྐུ་གསུང་ཐུགས་རྟེན་ཚུ་ཡང་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ ད་རེས་ མཇལ་ནི་ཡོད་པའི་གནས་ཚད་ཁར་བཀོད་གནང་ནུག། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ རྩ་ཆེ་བའི་གནས་ རིགས་གསུམ་དགོན་པོ་རྐྱངམ་ཅིག་གིས་མ་དོ་བར་ གཞན་ཡང་ ཨོཾ་བྷ་གནས་དང་དགོངས་ཟ་གནས་ མཆོད་རྟེན་སྐོར་ར་དང་བདེ་ཆེན་ཕོ་བྲང་ སྒོམ་ཕུག་སྐོར་ར་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གནས་རྩ་ཆེ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
བཀྲ་ཤིས་གཡང་རྩེ་འདི་ ཤིང་གི་ཟླ་པ་གིས་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཡོད་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ད་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ བཟོ་རིགས་བཅུ་གསུམ་ལྷབ་སྦྱང་འབད་སའི་སྤེལ་ཁང་ཅིག་ཡང་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གིས་ གཞན་མི་རྫོང་ཁག་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ར་ གོང་འཕེལ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ལས་སྣ་དང་འཆར་གཞི་ག་ཅི་ར་བརྩམ་རུང་ ཁོང་རའི་འཆར་སྣང་ མི་སྡེ་གཅིག་མཐུན་དང་འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡར་དྲགས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་གྱིས་ཕྱུག་པའི་དཔེ་སྟོན་གྱི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཟོ་ནི་དང་ དེའི་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་བདག་འཛིན། རང་བཞིན་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ལག་ལེན་འདྲ་མཉམ། སྤུས་ཚད་ཅན་གྱི་གཞི་རྟེན་མཁོ་ཆས་ཚུ་བཟོ་ནི། མི་མང་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཕན་ནུས་ཅན་ཅིག་སྦེ་བྱིན་ནི། འཚོ་བའི་གནས་སྟངས་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི་ཚུ་གི་ལྟ་བ་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== བཀྲིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་ གཅིག་ཨིན།  རྫོང་འདི་འགོ་ཐོག་ར་ལྷ་སྲས་གཙང་མའི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་རིམ་པར་མཆེད་མི་ལས་ ཝང་སེང་ཀུང་པའི་རྒྱལ་རིགས་ལས་ཐོས་པ་ཟེར་མིའི་བུ་རྒྱུད་ལས་ རྒྱལ་པོ་གསེར་གདུང་གི་བུ་ཁུ་ནུ། དེའི་བུ་ཁ་མཁས། དངོས། རྒྱ་མཚོ་དབང་ཟེར་མི་གསུམ་བྱུང་ཡོད་མི་ལས་ དངོས་ཟེར་མིའི་བུ་རྒྱུད་ལས་མཆེད་མི་ སླ་ང་ཟེར་མི་དེ་གིས་ ཝེང་མཁར་གྲོང་སྟོད་ལུ་ སྐྱིད་ལིང་མཁར་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་པོ་སླ་ང་ཟེར་མི་དང་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་དབང་གྱི་བུ་རྒྱུད་ལས་མཆེད་མི་ རྒྱལ་པོ་ཚེ་དབང་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ངོ་བསྒང་ལུ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པ་ལུ་མགུ་བཏགས་ཏེ་ རྫོང་དེ་ཕུལ་ཞིན་ན་ལས་ཚུར་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ལུང་བསྟན་དང་ སྤྱི་བླ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པའི་བཀའ་བཞིན་དུ་ སྐུ་དྲུང་པད་དཀར་ཆོས་འཕེལ་གྱི་ཐུགས་འཆར་གྱི་བཟོ་བཀོད་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ སྐུ་དྲུང་པད་དཀར་ཆོས་འཕེལ་དང་ དབུ་མཛད་དམ་ཆོས་རབ་རྒྱས་རྣམ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་སྐྱིད་གླིང་དགྲ་འདུལ་གྱི་རྫོང་དང་། ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་མཐོང་མཁར་ལྟ་རྫོང་། ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་སྒོས་སྲུང་ཕུད་པོ་རྫོང་། བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་རྫོང་སྨད་ལྟ་རྫོང་ཚུ་གིས་ གླིང་བཞིར་བསྐོར་བའི་ལྟེ་བ་ལུ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་ཕོ་བྲང་དེ། རྩ་བ་བརྟན་ཏོག་ཏོ་དང་བཙན་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོད་པའི་བྱག་གི་རི་འདི་ རིའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རི་རབ་ཀྱི་ལྷུན་པོ་བཟུམ་མའི་སྒང་སྦོམ་ཚུ་ཡང་། ཤར་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་རང་གཤིས་མཁར། ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་བསམ་མཁར། བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་སྦིས་མཁར་བཅས་ མཁར་གསུམ་འཛོམས་པའི་སྦུག་ལུ་དང་། ལྷོ་ལས་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ གསེར་གྱི་མནྚལ་གུར་ གཡུ་ཡི་ཚོམ་བུ་བྱུར་བཞག་བཞགཔ་དང་། ནུབ་ལས་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ ནོར་བུ་དགོས་འདོད་དཔུང་འཇོམས་ ཁ་ཡར་ལྷོང་བཞག་བཞགཔ། བྱང་ལས་བལྟ་བ་ཅིན་ གླང་ཆེན་ཉལ་བའི་མགུ་ཏོ་བཟུམ། ཕུ་ལས་མར་མུ་ཏིག་གྲང་ཆུ་ འོ་མའི་བདུད་རྩི་བཟུམ་འབབ་མི། གཡང་རྩེ་དང་གོང་རི་ལས་འབབ་མི་ཆུ་ཆེན་ཕོ་མོ་གཉིས་འཛོམས་པའི་ གྲངས་མེད་ཆུ་འདི་ ཉིན་མཚན་མེད་པར་ མ་ལས་ཡར་ ཡོན་ཆབ་ཀྱི་ཚུལ་ལུ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ཡོད་མིའི་སྒང་ཆེན་དེ་ རང་བཞིན་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པའི་གནས་མཆོག་ཨིན་པ་མ་ཚད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གི་ལུང་བསྟན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ རྫོང་ཆེན་དེ་བཞེངས་ཞིན་ན་ལས་ཚུར་ ཉི་འོག་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་འཁོར་ལོ་རྩིབས་བརྒྱད་ཆ་མཉམ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་བསྡུ་ཚར་ཏེ་ བཀྲ་ཤིས་པའི་རྫོང་ཆེན་ཅིག་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ རྫོང་གི་མཚན་ཡང་བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག། &lt;br&gt;
བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་འདི་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མི་འགྱུར་བརྟན་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༥༩ ལུ་ བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་ སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ད་ རྒྱ་ཚད་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༢༢༠༤.༥ འབད་མི་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ རྒྱ་མཚོའི་མཐའ་མ་ལས་ མི་ཊར་ ༦༠༠ ལས་ ༤༥༠༠ ཚུན་དང་ རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལས་ ཤར་ཁ་ཐུག་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༥༥༡ གི་ས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོད། ཁྱིམ་གུང་ ༨༦༡༠ འབད་མི་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ མི་རློབས་ ༧༡༧༦༨ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ཁའི་མི་ཚུ་ འཚོ་བ་གཙོ་བོ་སོ་ནམ་དང་སྒོ་ནོར་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་ས་གཞི་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ལས་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༧༧.༨༧ དེ་ཅིག་ ནགས་ཚལ་གྱིས་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ དེ་ནང་ བཟའ་སྤྱོད་འབད་བཏུབ་པའི་ས་གཞི་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༣.༦༤ ལས་བརྒལ་མེདཔ་ཨིན། བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་འདི་ རྫོང་ཁག་བདག་སྐྱོང་དང་ རྫོང་ཁག་རབ་སྡེ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྫོང་དེ་ཡང་ བསམ་མཁར་རྒེད་འོག་གི་འོག་ལུ་ཡོད་པའི་ མི་ཐི་བྲང་ཟེར་ས་ལུ་ཆགས་སྟེ་ཡོད། རྫོང་ཁག་དེ་ནང་ སགསྟེང་དྲུང་ཁག་དང་ཝམ་རོང་དྲུང་ཁག་ ཁྲིམས་ཤིང་དྲུང་ཁག་བཅས་དྲུང་ཁག་གསུམ་དང་  བར་མཚམས་རྒེད་འོག་དང་སྦིས་གདུང་རྒེད་འོག་ བཀང་ལུང་རྒེད་འོག་ རྐང་པར་རྒེད་འོག་ མཁའ་གླིང་རྒེད་འོག་ ཀླུ་མང་རྒེད་འོག་ མེ་རག་རྒེད་འོག་ ཕོངས་མེད་རྒེད་འོག་ ར་སྡི་རྒེད་འོག་ སག་སྟེང་རྒེད་འོག་ བསམ་མཁར་རྒེད་འོག་ ཤོང་ཕུག་རྒེད་འོག་ ཁྲིམས་ཤིང་རྒེད་འོག་ ཨུ་ཛོ་རོང་རྒེད་འོག་ གཡང་གཉེར་རྒེད་འོག་བཅས་རྒེད་འོག་བཅོ་ལྔ་དང་ སྤྱི་འོག་ ༧༩ ཡོདཔ་ད་ རྒེད་འོག་དང་སྤྱི་འོག་ག་རའི་ནང་ གློག་མེ་དང་འཁོར་ལམ་ འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ལྷོད་དེ་ཡོདཔཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ བྱིན་རླབས་ཅན་གྱི་གནས་དང་ལྷ་ཁང་དགོན་སྡེ་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་ཤེས་རབ་རྩེ་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་དེ་ནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ ཚ་དྲོད་རན་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུ་སྣ་དགུའི་རིགས་ག་ར་འཚོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ མི་ཚུ་གི་རྒྱུད་ལུ་ དངུལ་ཐོག་གཙོ་བོ་ ཀེ་བ་དང་ཚལ་ཚུ་འདི་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གིས་ དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་དང་འཆར་གཞི་ ག་ཅི་ར་བརྩམ་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ལྟ་དང་མཐུནམ་སྦེ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== རྩི་རང་རྫོང་ཁག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ རྩི་རང་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཁལ་གཅིག་གི་གྲས་ལས་ གཅིག་ཨིན། ས་གཞི་རྒྱ་ཚད་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་གྲུ་བཞི་ ༦༣༩ འབད་མི་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ རྒྱ་མཚའི་ཐོག་ཁ་ལས་ མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༩༤ ལས་ ༤༨༢༢ ཚུན་གྱི་ས་ཁར་ཆགས་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།  རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་བདག་སྐྱོང་ལྟེ་བ་འདི་ ས་གནས་འགྲམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་ད་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་སའི་ཆགས་ཚུལ་དེ་ གྱེན་གཟར་དྲགས་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ གནམ་གཤིས་ཡང་ ཚ་དྲོད་རན་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཕྱོགས་བཞི་ལས་ཕར་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་ དར་ནིའི་རྟགས་མཚན་བཟང་པོ་དང་བཅས་ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༣༨ ལུ་བཞེངས་གནང་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
རྩི་རང་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་རིགས་སྣ་གིས་ཕྱུག་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞག་པའི་ཁར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཆུ་ཆེན་ཚུ་གི་ གྲས་ལས་རིང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན་མི་ སྤུ་ན་གཙང་ཆུ་དེ་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ཁར་ལས་བརྒྱུད་དེ་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན། ཨིན་རུང་ ད་ཚུན་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ཀ་དང་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ས་ཁོངས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
རྩི་རང་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ལྷོ་མཚམས་པ་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་སྦེ་སྡོད་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ད་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ ཁ་སྐད་ཡང་ མང་ཤོས་ ལྷོ་མཚམས་པ་ སླབ་མི་ཡོད་རུང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པའི་ལྷོ་མཚམས་པའི་ཁ་སྐད་འདི་ བལ་པོའི་ཁ་སྐད་དང་ཅིག་ཁར་ དུམ་གྲ་རེ་མ་འདྲཝ་སྦེ་ ཡོདཔ་ ཨིན་མས། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་བྱང་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ཕར་སྡོད་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་སྐད་ཡིག་ རྫོང་ཁ་སླབ་མི་ཡང་ དུམ་གྲ་རེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། &lt;br&gt;
རྩི་རང་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ རྒེད་འོག་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ གདུང་ལ་སྒང་རྒེད་འོག་དང་གསེར་གྱི་ཐང་རྒེད་འོག་ དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་ཐང་རྒེད་འོག་ པ་ཚལ་ གླིང་རྒེད་འོག་ ཕུན་རྟེན་ཆུ་རྒེད་འོག་ བར་གཤོང་རྒེད་འོག་ མནྜལ་སྒང་རྒེད་འོག་ མཚོ་གླིང་མཁར་རྒེད་འོག་ རང་ཐང་གླིང་རྒེད་འོག་ རྩི་རང་སྟོད་ རྒེད་འོག་ སེམས་ལྗོངས་རྒེད་འོག་ སྒོ་སར་གླིང་རྒེད་འོག་ ཚུ་ཨིན།
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ རིགས་གསུམ་པདྨའི་ལྡུམ་རྭ་དང་པདྨ་ཆོས་གླིང་སྐྱེས་ཚལ་ལྡུ་རྭ་ རྩི་རང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཆོས་གླིང་གྲྭ་ཚང་དང་གནས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ ས་ཆ་དགའ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གིས་ གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ལས་སྣ་དང་འཆར་གཞི་ག་ཅི་ར་བརྩམས་རུང་ ཁོང་རའི་འཆར་སྣང་དང་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་ དམིགས་ཡུལ་ཚུ་ལུ་གཞི་བཞག་ སྟེ་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ཡང་ ཤུགས་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར། ལམ་སྲོལ་གྱིས་ཕྱུགཔ། ཉམས་མེད་རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་དང་མཐུན་པའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་བཞག་ནི་དང་ དེའི་དམིགས་སྐྱེད་  སྤུད་ཚད་ལྡན་པའི་གཞི་རྟེན་མཁོ་ཆེ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཡུན་བརྟན་མི་སྡེའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་དང་  འཇོན་ཐང་ཅན་དང་དོན་སྨིན་ཅན་གྱི་མི་དམངས་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཕུལ་ནི། ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་སྔར་སྲོལ་ཚུ་ཉམས་སྲུང་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་ མ་ཚད་ དམིགས་ཡུལ་ གྲོང་གསེབ་བཟའ་ཚང་གི་འོང་འབབ་དང་བཟའ་འཐུང་གི་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི་དང་ཤེས་ཡོན་གྱི་གོ་སྐབས། སྤུས་ཚད། འབྲི་ལྷག་ཤེས་ཡོན་ཚུ་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི། མི་སྡེའི་གསོ་བ་དང་འཕྲོད་བསྟེན་ཡར་འཕར་གཏང་ནི། གྲམ་ཕུག་ཁྲོམ་གྱི་ཁྲོམ་ཚོགས་གཞི་རྟེན་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི། ཆོས་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ། སྔར་སྲོལ་ཚུ་མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་དང་གོང་འཕེལ་གཏང་ནི། འཇོན་ཐང་ཅན་དང་དོན་སྨིན་ཅན་གྱི་མི་སྡེ་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི། ས་གནས་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་རྩ་བརྟན་དང་ཡར་དྲག་གཏང་ནི། རྫོང་ཁག་གི་གནས་ཚད་ནང་ དུས་ཐོག་ལུ་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡོདཔ་དང་བློ་གཏད་ཚུགས་པའི་གནས་སྡུད་དང་གནས་ཚུལ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ངེས་བརྟན་བཟོ་ནི། ངན་ལྷད་སྔོན་འགོག་འབད་ནི་ཚུ་ཨིན་པས།&lt;/big&gt;

=== བུམ་ཐང་། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཤར་ནུབ་དབུས་གསུམ་སྦེ་ཕྱེས་པའི་ནང་ལས་ དབུས་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་ཁ་ལས་མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༢༠༠༠-༦༨༠༠ གི་ས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བུམ་ཐང་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་སའི་རྒྱ་ཚད་འདི་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་གྲུ་བཞི་ ༡༦༦༧.༧༦ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྒེད་འོག་ ༤ དང་སྤྱི་འོག་ ༢༠ ནང་ལུ་མི་རློབས་ཡང་ འབྲུག་གི་མི་རློབས་དང་ཁྱིམ་གྱི་གྲངས་རྩིས་ ༢༠༡༧ ཅན་ལྟར་དུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ༡༧༨༢༠ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒེད་འོག་བཞིཔོ་འདི་ཡང་ ཆོས་འཁོར། ཆུ་སྨད། སྟང་དང་ཨུ་ར་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་མིང་ལུ་ བུམ་ཐང་ཟེར་སླབ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ ཡུལ་གྱི་སའི་དབྱིབས་བདུད་རྩི་གིས་གང་བའི་བུམ་པ་དང་འདྲ་ནི་དེ་གིས་ བུམ་པ་དང་ ལག་མཐིལ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ས་འཁོད་སྙོམས་པའི་ཐང་ནང་ལུ་ བརྒྱན་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་དང་འདྲ་བའི་དཔེ་ལས་ བཀྲིས་གཡང་ཆགས་སྦས་ཡུལ་བུམ་ཐང་ཟེར་ཡོངས་སུ་གྲགས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ སྔོན་དུས་རབས་བདུན་པའི་ནང་ བོད་ཀྱི་སྤྲུལ་པའི་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ་གིས་ བཞེངས་གནང་བའི་མཐའ་འདུལ་ཡང་འདུལ་གྱི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་ནང་གསེས་ བྱམས་པ་ལྷ་ཁང་གི་གཙོས་པའི་རྩེ་ལུང་ངམ་དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་ པད་མའི་ལྷ་ཁང་བཅས་ཆོས་འཁོར་རྣམ་གསུམ་གྱི་ལྷ་ཁང་། དུས་རབས་བརྒྱད་པའི་ནང་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་གྱི་སློབ་དཔོན་ཆེན་པོ་པདྨ་འབྱུང་གནས་མཆོག་ ལྗོངས་འདི་ནང་འགོ་ཐོག་ཞབས་སོར་བཀོད་དེ་ ཆོས་འཁོར་ཐོག་མར་བསྐོར་གནང་བའི་གནས་ ཟངས་མདོག་དཔལ་རི་གཉིས་པ་སྐུ་རྗེས་བྲག་དམར་རྡོ་རྗེ་བརྩེགས་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་། ཤུགས་བྲག། ཀུན་བཟང་བྲག། ཐ་བ་བྲག་དང་ ཆོས་རྗེ་བྲག་བཅས་བྲག་བཞི་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་གནས་ཆེན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོད། &lt;br&gt;
དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ དུས་རབས་བཅུ་བཞི་པའི་ནང་ལུ་ ཀུན་མཁྱེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ རྒྱལ་བ་ཀློང་ཆེན་རབ་འབྱམས་མཆོག་བྱོན་ཏེ་ གདན་ས་གླིང་བརྒྱད་བཏབ་གནང་ཡོད་པའི་ནང་ལས་གཙོ་བོ་ བབཿརོན་ཐར་པ་གླིང་དང་ བཞུགས་གནས་བསམ་གཏན་གླིང་། ཤིང་མཁར་བདེ་ཆེན་གླིང་། སྟང་ཨྱོན་ཆོས་གླིང་ཚུ་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོད། དུས་རབས་བཅོ་ལྔ་པའི་ནང་ གཏེར་ཆེན་རྒྱལ་པོ་ལྔའི་ཡ་གྱལ་ རིག་འཛིན་པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་གདན་ས་ གཏམ་ཞིང་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཆོས་གླིང་གི་གཙོས་པའི་ཆོས་ནོར་ཟབ་གཏེར་ལེ་ཤ་ཅིག་བཞེས་སའི་གནས་མཆོག་ སྟང་མེ་འབར་མཚོ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་གནས་ཆེན་ལེ་ཤ་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོད་པའི་གུར་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ དུས་རབས་བཅུ་དྲུག་པ་སྐོར་ཆ་ལུ་བྱོན་མི་ ཡོངས་འཛིན་ངག་གི་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་ཕྱག་བཏབ་གནང་བའི་བྱ་དཀར་གཡུལ་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཕོ་བྲང་ཟེར་ ད་ལྟོ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཆབ་སྲིད་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་གནང་སའི་རྫོང་གཞིས་ལྟེ་བ་འདི་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ མི་སྡེའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་ཡུན་བརྟན་དང་ ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་སྐྱེ་ལྡན་རིགས་སྣ་གིས་ཕྱུག་པའི་ཁར་ འཇོན་ཐང་ཅན་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་དཔེ་སྟོན་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ དམིགས་ཡུལ་འདི་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་གི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་ཡུན་བརྟན་འགྲུབ་ནི། སྔར་སྲོལ་ལམ་ལུགས་བཟང་པོ་ཚུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་དང་ མི་ཉམས་རྒྱུན་སྐྱོང་འབད་ནི། སྐྱེ་ལྡན་རིགས་སྣ་ཉེན་སྲུང་དང་ཉམས་སྲུང་འབད་ནི། སྤུས་ཚད་ཅན་གྱི་མི་དམངས་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཕུལ་ནི་ཚུ་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་གཟུངམ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;/big&gt;

=== དགའ་ས། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ དགའ་ས་འདི་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཁལ་གཅིག་ལས་ བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ རྒྱ་མཚོའི་མཐའ་མ་ལས་མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༡༥༠༠-༤༥༠༠ གི་ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་དང་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ དབང་འདུས་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ས་མཚམས་ཚུ་མཐུད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ བྱང་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་རང་སྐྱོང་མངའ་སྡེ་བོད་གཡུས་ཀྱི་སྐོར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དགའ་ས་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་སའི་རྒྱ་ཚད་ གྲུ་བཞི་ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་ ༣༠༨༡.༧༧ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་དང་རྒེད་འོག་ ༤ ནང་ མི་རློབས་ ༢༩༧༠ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒེད་འོག་ ༤ འི་གྲས་ལས་ མཐའ་ཟུར་དང་ཐག་རིང་ཤོས་འདི་ར་ལུང་ནག་ན་རྒེད་འོག་འདི་ཨིན། རྒེད་འོག་བཞིཔོ་འདི་ཡང་ དགོན་ཁ་སྟོད་དང་། དགོན་ཁ་སྨད། ལ་ཡག། ལུང་ནག་ན་བཅས་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དགའ་ས་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ས་གནས་མང་ཤོས་ཅིག་ནང་ གནམ་དགུན་གྱི་དུས་ཚོད་རིངམོ་སྦེ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ཁཝ་རྒྱུན་མ་ཆད་པར་རྐྱབ་དོ་ཡོད་རུང་ གནམ་བྱཱར་གྱི་དུས་ཚོད་ལུ་ གནམ་གཤིས་དགའ་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དགའ་ས་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ལུ་ ཁ་སྐད་གཙོ་བོ་འདི་རྫོང་ཁ་ར་རྐྱབ་ཨིན་རུང་ ལ་ཡགཔ་དང་ལུང་ནགཔ་ཚུ་གིས་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་མི་ཁ་སྐད་འདི་ རྫོང་ཁ་ལས་དུམ་གྲ་རེ་མ་འདྲཝ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ལ་ཡག་རྒེད་འོག་གི་ཨམ་སྲུ་ཚུའི་རྒྱན་ཆ་འདི་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲཝ་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཕྱི་ནང་གི་ལྟ་བཤལཔ་ཚུ་གི་མིག་གི་མཛེས་རྒྱན་འཇའ་ཤོས་ཅིག་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་ལུང་ཕྱོགས་སོ་སོའི་གྱོན་ཆས་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་ ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པ་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དགའ་ས་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ གངས་རི་གིས་མཐའ་བསྐོར་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གངས་ཆེན་ཚུ་མཛེས་ཏོག་ཏོ་དང་འཇའ་ཆི་ཆི་སྦེ་མཐོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཆུ་ཆེན་ལེ་ཤ་ར་རྫོང་ཁག་འདིའི་རི་བོ་གངས་ཅན་ཚུ་ལས་འབབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཆུ་ཆེན་ཕོ་ཆུ་མོ་ཆུ་འདི་ དགའ་ས་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་ལ་གཡག་དང་ལུང་ནག་ན་རྒེད་འོག་ ༢ ལས་འབབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་དང་། སྤུ་ན་གཙང་ཆུ་ལས་སུན་ཀོཤ་བརྒྱུད་དེ་མཐའ་མཇུག་རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཐོན་འགྱོ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དགའ་ས་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གླིང་ཀའི་ས་ཁོངས་ནང་ཚུད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ རི་དྭགས་སེམས་ཅན་དང་ བྱའི་རིགས་མ་འདྲཝ་ཚུ་མཐོང་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༦༨% དེ་ཅིག་ནགས་ཚལ་གྱིས་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ཡོད་པའི་གྲས་ལས་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༣༥% དེ་ཅིག་ཚལ་མ་ཨིནམ་དང་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༢༧% དེ་ཅིག་གདུང་ཤིང་། བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༡༥% དེ་ཅིག་ཀོང་ཤིང་དང་སླ་བསྲེས་སྦེ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༤% དེ་ཅིག་འདབ་མ་སྦོམ་ཡོད་པའི་ཤིང་རིགས་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དགའ་ས་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ སྨན་ཆུ་དང་ཚ་ཆུ་གི་གང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ལོ་ཨ་རྟག་ར་མི་སྟོང་ཕྲག་ལས་བཅད་དེ་ ཚུ་ཆུ་དང་སྨན་ཆུ་སྦང་པར་འོང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ས་ཁ་མཐོ་ས་ཅིག་ནང་འབདཝ་ལས་ མང་ཤོས་ར་འཚོ་བ་གཙོ་བོ་ལ་ནོར་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་སྡོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དགའ་ས་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ནང་ལུ་ག་ནི་བ་རྩ་ཆེ་བའི་ས་གནས་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ཁ་བཞིའི་ལྷོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དུམ་བུ་གཅིག་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་གནང་མི་ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐྱབས་མགོན་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོག་ ལྗོངས་འདི་ནང་འགོ་ཐོག་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་མི་བུ་སློབ་ཡོན་བདག་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་ཐོག་མ་ཨིན་མི་ སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆེན་པོ་དབུ་མཛད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གྱི་འཁྲུངས་ཡུལ་ཨིན་པ་གིས་མ་ཚད་ སྐྱབས་མགོན་རིན་ཆེའི་ཞབས་སོར་བཀོད་པའི་འབྱོན་ལམ་ཡང་ བོད་འབྲུག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ཡོད་པའི་ཝ་སྐད་ལ་བརྒལ་ཏེ་ ལ་ཡག་ལུང་མགོ་ལས་བརྒྱུད་དེ་དགའ་ས་རྫོང་ཁག་ནང་ལུ་བྱོན་བྱོནམ་ཨིན་མས། སྡེ་སྲིད་དབུ་མཛད་ཆེན་མོ་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འདི་ གྲུབ་ཐོབ་གཏེར་ཁུངས་པའི་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་དགོན་འོབ་འཚོ་བླ་མའི་བརྒྱུད་པ་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དེ་གི་རྫོང་ཤུལ་འདི་ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་མཇལ་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;

=== སྤ་རོ། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ལས་ནུབ་བྱང་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་མཐའ་མ་ལས་མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༢,༢༥༠ གི་ས་གནས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ཧཱ་དང་ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་ཁག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ས་མཚམས་ཚུ་མཐུད་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ བྱང་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་ཇོ་མོ་ལྷ་རི་གངས་དང་ སྔོན་མ་བོད་འབྲུག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་སའི་ས་གནས་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ཨིན་མི་ ཕག་རི་ཟེར་མི་དེ་ཁར་འགྱོ་སའི་ལམ་འདི་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ལས་སྦེ་འགྱོ་དགོཔ་ཨིན། སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་སའི་རྒྱ་ཚད་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་གྲུ་བཞི་ ༡༢༩༣ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྒེད་འོག་ ༡༠ ནང་ལུ་ མི་རློབས་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༣༥,༢༦༠ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། བསིལ་དྲོད་ཀྱི་ཐད་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ གནམ་བྱཱར་ལུ་ དྲོད་ཚད་ཌི་གི་རི་ ༢༦ ལས་ ༡༤ ཚུན་དང་ གནམ་དགུན་ལུ་ དྲོད་ཚད་ཌི་གི་རི་ ༡༤ ལས་ མའི་ནསི་ ༥ ཚུན་ལུ་འབབ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སྤ་རོ་འདི་ ཚ་དྲོད་ལྡན་པའི་ས་གནས་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ལས་ ཤིང་འབྲས་དང་འབྲུ་སྣ་དགུའི་རིགས་ཚུ་ག་ཅི་ར་བཙུགས་རུང་ ཚོ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཁར་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ སོ་ནམ་འཕྲུལ་ཆས་ཀྱི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་རྒྱ་ཆེ་དྲགས་སྦེ་ གནང་ཡོད་མི་ལས་བརྟེན་ མི་སེར་སོ་ནམ་པ་མང་ཤོས་ར་ ཞིང་ལཱ་འབད་ནིའི་ནང་གཙོ་བོ་བཏོན་ཏེ་ཡོད། ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་གནམ་གྲུ་ཐང་ཕུད་རྡོག་གཅིག་ལས་མེད་མི་འདི་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཨིནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ རྒྱལ་སྤྱི་དང་མཐུད་འབྲེལ་འབད་སའི་ས་ཁོངས་གལ་ཅན་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན། དེ་གིས་སྦེ་ སྤ་རོ་གྱི་ཚོང་པ་དང་ སོ་ནམ་པ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཡང་ ལག་བཟོ་དང་སོ་ནམ་གྱི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཚུ་ ཕྱི་ནང་གི་ལྟ་བཤལ་པ་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ཚོང་འབྲེལ་འཐབ་སྟེ་ ཁེ་ཕན་སྦོམ་སྦེ་བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ནང་ལུ་ ག་ནི་བ་རྩ་བའི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་ཚུད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལ་བ་གོངམ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གི་ཞབས་ཀྱིས་བཅགས་ཏེ་ བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་པའི་གནས་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད། དཔེར་ན། སྔོན་དུས་རབས་བདུན་པའི་ནང་ལུ་ བོད་ཀྱི་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་སྲོང་བཙན་སྒམ་པོ་གིས་ བཞེངས་གནང་བའི་མཐའ་འདུལ་ཡང་འདུལ་གྱི་གཙུག་ལག་ཁང་གི་གྲས་ལས་ སྐྱེར་ཆུ་ལྷ་ཁང་དང་།&lt;br&gt;
དུས་རབས་བརྒྱད་པའི་ནང་ ཨོ་རྒྱན་གྱི་སློབ་དཔོན་ཆེན་པོ་པདྨ་འབྱུང་གནས་མཆོག་གིས་ བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་པའི་གནས་ཆེན་ སྟག་ཚང་སེང་གེ་བསམ་གྲུབ་ཀྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་ཆུ་མོ་ཕུག། འབུམ་བྲག། ར་རྒོད། སེང་གེ་བྲག་ལ་སོགས་པ་དང་ ཤུལ་ལས་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཆོས་རྗེ་དང་། འབྲུག་ཆེན་ངག་དབང་ཆོས་རྒྱལ། ཆོས་རྗེ་ཀུན་དགའ་ལེགས་པ། གྲུབ་ཆེན་ཐང་སྟོང་རྒྱལ་པོ། གཏེར་སྟོན་ཚེ་རིང་རྡོ་རྗེ། གཏེར་སྟོན་ཚེ་བརྟན་རྒྱལ་མཚན། གཏེར་སྟོན་ཤེས་རབ་མེ་འབར་ལ་སོགས་པ་ གསར་རྙིང་རིས་སུ་མ་ཕྱིས་པའི་སྐྱེས་ཆེན་དམ་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ གདན་ས་ལེ་ཤ་ཕྱག་བཏབ་ཡོད་མི་ཚུ་ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ ཕྱག་གི་གནས་དང་མཆོད་པའི་ཡུལ་ལུ་ཀུན་གྱིས་མཇལ་ས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ལྷག་པར་དུ་ དུས་རབས་བཅོ་བདུན་པའི་ནང་ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ ངག་དབང་བདུད་འཇོམས་རྡོ་རྗེ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཆབ་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ འབྲུག་ནུབ་ཕྱོགསཔ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་གི་རྒྱབ་ཞུ་ས་དང་ ལེགས་ཉེས་ཀྱི་གཤན་འབྱེད་ས་ འདི་ཕྱི་གི་རེ་བའི་སྐྱབས་བསྟེན་སའི་རྫོང་གཞི་ལྟེ་བ་ ནོརབུ་རིན་ཆེན་སྤུངས་པའི་དབྱིབས་དང་འདྲ་བའི་སྒང་གུར་ རྫོང་གཞི་གསར་བཞེངས་གནང་སྟེ་ འབྲུག་རིན་ཆེན་སྤུང་རྫོང་ཟེར་མཚན་གསོལ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཆབ་སྲིད་བསྐྱང་སའི་ལྟེ་བ་སྦེ་ བརྒྱུད་པའི་ཕྱག་སྲོལ་མ་ཉམས་པར་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
ད་རེས་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་མངའ་འོག་ལུ་ ནང་འཁོད་སྡེ་ཚན་ ༡༧ དང་ རྒེད་འོག་ ༡༠ དེ་ལས་ རང་བཞིན་སླར་བྱུང་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ཀྱི་རྒྱ་སྐྱེད་ཡིག་ཚང་ ༡༠ ། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་  འབྲིང་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭ་གོང་མ་ ༢ དང་། སློབ་གྲྭ་ལྟེ་བ་ ༢ ། འབྲིང་རིམ་བར་མ་ ༤ ། འབྲིང་རིམ་འོག་མ་ ༥ ། སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆུང་བ་ ༧ ། སྒེར་གྱི་སློབ་གྲྭ་ ༩ བརྩིས་ཏེ་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༢༩ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དེང་སང་དུས་ཀྱི་འཕོ་འགྱུར་དང་བསྟུན་ མི་སྡེའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ དགོས་མཁོ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ ཁྱད་རིག་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཐོག་ལས་ མི་སྡེའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་འདྲ་མཉམ་ཐོག་ལས་སྤུས་ཚད་ཅན་དང་ དུས་ཐོག་ལུ་ཕུལ་ཚུགས་ནི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་། མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ དབང་ཚད་ཕྱིར་སྤེལ་ལུ་རང་དབང་སྤྱོད་ཐོག་ལས་  རང་ལུགས་ལམ་སྲོལ་གྱི་ཕྱུག་པའི་ཁར་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་ཐོག་ལུ་ མི་སྡེའི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་འགྱོ་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་བཟོ་ནི་གི་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;
=== སྤུ་ན་ཁ། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ལས་ནུབ་བྱང་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་མཐའ་མ་ལས་མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༡༡༠༠ ལས་ ༢༥༠༠ གི་ས་གནས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་དགའ་ས་དང་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ཐིམ་ཕུག། ཤར་དང་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་གིས་བསྐོར་ཏེ་ཡོད། སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་སའི་རྒྱ་ཚད་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་གྲུ་བཞི་ ༡༢༤༢ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྒེད་འོག་ ༡༡ ནང་ལུ་ མི་རློབས་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༦༢༦༢ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒེད་འོག་བཅུ་གཅིགཔོ་འདི་ཡང་ བརཔ་དང་ཆུ་སྦུག། འཛོམས་མི། དགོན་ཤར་རི། གུ་མ། དཀར་སྦི་ས། གླིང་མུ་ཁ། ཤེལ་རྔ་ན། རྟ་ལོག། སྟོད་པའི་ས། སྟོད་ཝང་ཚུ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
སྤུ་ན་ཁ་འདི་ ང་བཅས་རའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ ག་ནི་བ་རྩ་ཆེ་བའི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ཅན་གྱི་རྫོང་ཁག་ཅིག་སྦེ་རྩིཝ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐྱབས་མགོན་གོང་མ་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་སྡེ་དཔལ་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༣༧ ལུ་གྲུ་འཛིན་གཉིས་པ་སྤུངས་ཐང་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཕོ་བྲང་མེ་ཏོག་མདངས་འཕྲོག་འདི་བཞེངས་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ང་བཅས་ར་ཁ་བཞི་ལྷོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ དུམ་བུ་གཅིག་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ལམ་སྲོལ་འགོ་ཐོག་དབུ་བཙུགས་གནངམ་མ་ཚད་ ཆོས་ཁྲིམས་དར་གྱི་མདུད་པ་བཞིན་དུ་བསྡོམས། རྒྱལ་ཁྲིམས་གསེར་གྱི་གཉའ་ཤིང་གི་ལྗིད་ཀྱིས་མནན་ཏེ་ ཆབ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་བསྒྱུར་གནང་སའི་ལྟེ་བ་ཅིག་འབད་ནི་དེ་གིས་ཨིན། དུས་དེ་ལས་ཚུར་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ ད་ཚུན་གྱི་བར་ན་བརྒྱུད་པའི་བར་མ་ཆད་པར་ དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ མཁན་རབས་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་སློབ་དཔོན་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཚུ་དང་ འཕགས་པ་དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་པ་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་གནམ་དགུན་གྱི་བཞུགས་གནས་དང་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༧ ལུ་ང་བཅས་ར་ སྨན་ལྗོངས་ལྷ་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་སྤྱི་མཐུན་དགེ་བའི་བསོད་ནམས་ཀྱི་འཐུ་ལས་བསྐྲུན་པའི་ མི་རྗེ་གོང་ས་ཨྱོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ རྒྱལ་རབས་དང་པའི་གསེར་གུར་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ ལྗོངས་འདི་ནང་དབང་ཕྱུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རིང་ལུགས་ཐོག་མ་དབུ་བརྙེས་ས་ཡང་ སྤུངས་ཐང་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པའི་ཕོ་བྲང་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ཨིན། &lt;br&gt;
སྤུ་ན་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ བསིལ་དྲོད་རན་ཏོག་ཏོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཆུམ་དང་ཚོད་བསྲེ། ཤིང་འབྲས་ཀྱི་རིགས་ཚུའཐོན་ས་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ད་ དེ་གི་ནང་ལས་ དངུལ་ཐོག་གཙོ་བོ་འདི་ བྱཱ་དང་ཀར། གེ་ཟ། པད་ཀར་ཚུ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ ལྟ་བཤལ་གྱི་ས་གནས་ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན་མི་འདི་ཡང་ བྱིན་རླབས་ཅན་གྱི་སྤུ་ན་བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པའི་ཕོ་བྲང་དང་ རྟ་ལོག་གསང་སྔགས་ཆོས་གླིང་། ཁྱི་མེད་ལྷ་ཁང་། ཁམས་གསུམ་གཡུལ་ལས་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་མཆོད་རྟེན། ཀོ་མ་ཚ་ཆུ། ཆུ་སྦུ་ཚ་ཆུ་ཚུ་ནང་ཕྱི་ནང་གི་ལྟ་བཤལཔ་ཚུ་ནམ་ཟླ་དུས་བཞི་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་འོངམ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
རྒེད་འོག་ལྟེ་བ་ཆ་མཉམ་གྱིས་མ་ཚད་པར་ གཡུས་སྒོ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཚུ་ཡང་ སོ་ནམ་ཞིང་ལམ་མཐུད་སྦྲེལ་འབད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མི་སེར་བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༩༨ ལྷགཔ་ཅིག་ སྣུམ་འཁོར་ལམ་ཁ་ལས་ རྐང་སྟོང་གི་དུས་ཡུན་ ཆུ་ཚོད་གཅིག་མ་ལངམ་ཅིག་ལུ་ མར་ཕབ་སོང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་འདི་འཕྲོ་ལས་བྱིན་ཚུགས་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒེད་འོག་ག་རའི་ནང་ རང་བཞིན་སླར་འབྱུང་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ལྟེ་བ་དང་ གཞི་རྟེན་གསོ་བའི་སྨན་ཁང་ དེ་ལས་ སློབ་གྲྭ་ཚུ་སྟབས་བདེ་བའི་ས་གོ་ཚུ་ནང་ ལངམ་སྦེ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོད།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༡༥ ལོའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཞིབ་འཇུག་སྙན་ཞུ་དང་འཁྲིལཝ་ད་ སྤུ་ན་ཁ་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དཔལ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཚད་གཞི་ ༠.༧༥༨ ཐོབ་སྟེ་ དབྱེ་ཁག་འབྲིང་ནང་ཚུད་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ གློག་མེ་དང་འགྲུལ་འཕྲིན་གྱི་ཁྱབ་ཚད་ བརྒྱ་ཆ་ ༡༠༠% ཡོདཔ་དང་ མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ དངུལ་གཏོང་ལེན་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་དང་ སྐྱིན་འགྲུལ་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ལེན་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ རྒེད་འོག་ཆ་མཉམ་ནང་ མི་སྡེ་ལྟེ་བ་ཚུ་གཞི་བཙུགས་འབད་དེ་ཡོད། &lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་གི་འཆར་སྣང་འདི་ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ལེགས་ལྡན་དང་ལམ་སྲོལ་ཕྱུགཔོ་ དེ་ལས་ རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས་ཉམས་པ་མེད་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ཞི་བདེ་དང་ རང་མགོ་རང་འདྲོང་གི་མི་སྡེ་བཟོ་ནི་དང་། རྫོང་ཁག་གི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གི་དགོས་མཁོ་དང་ རེ་འདོད་ཚུ་སྒྲུབ་ཐབས་ལུ་ སྤུས་ཚད་ཅན་གྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚུ་ མི་སྡེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་ཆ་སྙོམས་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ ལྷག་བསམ་རྣམ་དག་གི་ཁྱད་རིགཔ་ཚུ་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ འཕྲལ་མགྱོགས་སྦེ་བྱིན་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་གཏད་བསྐྱེད།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཐིམ་ཕུག། ===
&lt;big&gt;༉ ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་ཁྲོམ་སྡེ་ཚུ་ལས་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཡང་ཨིན། རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ཤར་ནུབ་དབུས་གསུམ་ལས་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་མཐའ་མ་ལས་མཐོ་ཚད་མི་ཊར་ ༢༣༣༠ གི་ས་གནས་ཁར་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ནུབ་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ སྤ་རོ་དང་ ཤར་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་སྤུ་ན་ཁ་དང་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་རྫོང་ཁག་ཚུ་གིས་བསྐོར་ཏེ་ཡོད། ཐིམ་ཕུག་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་སའི་རྒྱ་ཚད་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་གྲུ་བཞི་ ༡,༧༩༥,༨༦༨ དེ་ཅིག་ཡོདཔ་དང་ དྲུང་ཁག་ ༡ རྒེད་འོག་ ༨ སྤྱི་འོག་ ༤༠ གཡུས་ཚན་ ༡༩༤ དང་ ཁྱིམ་གུང་ ༡༨༩༠ ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྒེད་འོག་བརྒྱདཔོ་འདི་ཡང་ ལྕང་། ཀ་ཝང་། དར་དཀར་ལ། དགེ་བསྙེན། སྨད་ཝང་། གླིང་བཞི། སྲོས། ན་རོ་ཚུ་ཨིནམ་དང་ དེ་གི་ནང་ལས་ སྲོས་དང་གླིང་བཞི། ན་རོ་གསུམ་འདི་ གླིང་བཞི་དྲུང་ཁག་གིས་ལྟ་རྟོག་དང་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་འབད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ འབྲུག་གི་མི་རློབས་དང་ཁྱིམ་གྱི་གྲངས་རྩིས་ ༢༠༠༥ ཅན་མ་དང་འཁྲིལ་བ་ཅིན་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ མི་འབོར་ཡོངས་བསྡོམས་ ༡༣,༧༤༤ ཡོདཔ་དང་ དེ་གི་ནང་ལས་ ༨,༠༤༡ ཕོ་སྐྱེས་དང་ ༥༧༠༣ ཨམ་སྲུ་ཨིན་མས།&lt;br&gt;
རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་གི་ཁྲོམ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་འཁོད་ཀྱི་ཁྲོམ་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་སའི་རྒྱ་ཚད་ ཀི་ལོ་མི་ཊར་གྲུ་བཞི་ ༢༢༤༨ ལས་ ༢༦༤༨ གི་བར་ན་ཡོདཔ་དང་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཤར་ནུབ་ག་ཏེ་ལས་ཀྱི་མི་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཁྲོམ་འདི་ནང་འཛོམས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། ཁྲོམ་འདི་གིས་ ལུང་ཕྱོགས་ནང་ལུ་ ལམ་སྲོལ་སྲ་བརྟན་དང་ གོང་འཕེལ། ཉེན་སྲུང་ལྡནམ་སྦེ་སྡོད་ཚུགས་པའི་དཔེ་སྟོན་གྱི་ཁྲོམ་ཅིག་བཟོ་ནིའི་ནང་ འཆར་སྣང་བསྐྱེདཔ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ ཁྲོམ་སྡེའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་དང་མཐུན་རྐྱེན་ཚུ་ འཇམ་ཏོང་ཏོ་དང་ ཕན་ནུས་ཅན་ དེ་ལས་འདྲ་མཉམ་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་བྱིན་ནི་དང་། འབྲུག་པའི་མི་སྡེ་ལམ་སྲོལ་དང་ དཔལ་འབྱོར། རང་བཞིན་གནས་སྟངས། ཁྲོམ་སྡེའི་མ་དངུལ་ཡུན་བརྟན་ཚུ་ཡར་རྒྱས་གཏང་ནི་ལུ་དམིགས་གཏད་སྐྱེད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
ཐིམ་ཕུག་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་འབད་ནི་དེ་གིས་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་དང་ སྐུ་འཁོར་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བཞུགས་གནས་ རྗེ་མཁན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་གཞུང་དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་གནམ་བྱཱར་གྱི་བཞུགས་གནས་དང་ བཙག་འཐུ་ལས་གྲུབ་པའི་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་དབུ་ཁྲིདཔ་ བློན་ཆེན་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་བློན་པོ་ལྷན་རྒྱས་དང་ མི་སེར་སྐུ་ཚབ་ཆེ་བསྟོད་ཅན་གྱི་འཐུས་ཚུ་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ལྷན་ཁག་བཅུ་ཐམ་དང་ གཞུང་དང་སྒེར་གྱི་ཞི་དྲག་ཁག་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་ཆ་མཉམ་ར་རྒྱལ་ས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོད། &lt;br&gt;
སྤྱིར་བཏང་ཐིམ་ཕུག་འདི་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ནང་ལུ་ ག་ནི་བ་རྩ་ཆེ་བའི་ས་གནས་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཅིག་སྦེ་རྩིཝ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ བྱིན་རླབས་ཆེ་བའི་གནས་ཆེན་མང་རབས་ཅིག་ཡོད་པའི་གྲས་ལས་ བཀའ་བརྒྱུད་བསྟན་པའི་ཆུ་འགོ་ཐོག་མ་དྲངས་མི་རྟོགས་ལྡན་ཕ་ཇོ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ལུ་ ཨྱོན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ལུང་བསྟན་པའི་སྒྲུབ་གནས་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་གྲས་ལས་ རྟ་མགོ་ཆོས་དབྱིངས་རྫོང་དང་ གླིང་བཞི་བྱ་རྒོད་རྫོང་། གླང་ཐང་ཕུག། རྩེ་དོང་དོ་བ་ཕུག། དགའ་བ་ཕུག། ཐུགས་རྗེ་བྲག་ དང་བསྟན་སྲུང་ཆེན་པོ་དགེ་བསྙེན་ཇག་པ་མེ་ལེན་གྱི་གནས་ཁང་བདེ་ཆེན་ཕུག། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་འབྲུག་ཆེན་གོང་མ་ཡབ་སྲས་ཚུ་གི་གདན་ས་འབྲུག་ཕོ་བྲང་སྡིང་དང་ རྟ་ལང་ཁ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ དཔལ་འབྲུག་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ངག་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བའི་སྡེ་དཔལ་བཟང་པོ་མཆོག་ ཉི་མ་ལྷོའི་ཕྱོགས་ལུ་ཆིབས་ཁ་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་ཕེབས་ལམ་ཡང་ ལ་ཡག་ལས་སྦེ་གླིང་བཞི་བརྒྱུད་དེ་འགོ་ཐོག་ཐིམ་ཕུག་སྤང་རི་ཟམ་པ་ལུ་ཕེབས་གནང་ནུག། སྐྱབས་མགོན་ཁོང་གི་གདན་དང་པ་ ལྕགས་རི་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་ཕྱི་ནང་གསང་གསུམ་གཡུལ་ལས་རྒྱལ་བའི་སྒྲུབ་གནས་ རྟ་མགོ་བདུད་འདུལ་ཕུག་ ལུགས་གཉིས་བསྟན་པ་གསལ་བར་བྱེད་པའི་ཆ་རྐྱེན་ དཔལ་འབྲུག་པའི་སྲོག་རྫོང་ཆེན་མོ་ཚུ་གི་གྲས་ལས་དང་པ་ གསང་སྔགས་ཟབ་དོན་ཕོ་བྲང་འདི་ཡང་ རྫོང་ཁག་འདི་ནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།&lt;br&gt;
དེ་མ་ཚད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༦༡ རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་འདི་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་སྤོ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དབང་ཕྱུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་རིམ་བྱོན་ཚུ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ མི་སེར་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ཆབ་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་སའི་ལྟེ་བ་འདི་ཡང་ བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ཕོ་བྲང་ནང་ལུ་འབདཝ་ལས་ རྫོང་འདི་ནང་མི་དབང་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་ཡིག་ཚང་དང་ ལྷན་ཁག་གི་ཡིག་ཚང་། དེ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ རྗེ་མཁན་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གི་གཟིམ་ཅུང་དང་ སློབ་དཔོན་ལྷན་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་གཞུང་དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་པ་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་བཞུགས་གནས་ཡང་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt; 

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Daga, Bhutan. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daga,_Bhutan&amp;oldid=1033941705.
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Lhuntse District. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lhuntse_District&amp;oldid=1036483754
# Wikipedia Contributors. (2021). Mongar District. In Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from  https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mongar_District&amp;oldid=1036483996
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Samtse District. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samtse_District&amp;oldid=1059818481
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Sarpang District. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarpang_District&amp;oldid=1053149274
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Trongsa District. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trongsa_District&amp;oldid=1053335734
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Zhemgang. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhemgang&amp;oldid=1012781228
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Chukha District. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chukha_District&amp;oldid=1053307238
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Haa district. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from  https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haa_(district)&amp;oldid=49239570.
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Pemagatshel District. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pemagatshel_District&amp;oldid=1055317735
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Samdrup Jongkhar. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samdrup_Jongkhar&amp;oldid=1052289019
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Trashiyangtse District. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trashiyangtse_District&amp;oldid=1061611825
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Trashigang. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trashigang&amp;oldid=1052260622
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Tsirang District. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tsirang_District&amp;oldid=1053320229
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Bumthang District. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bumthang_District&amp;oldid=1054708894
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Gasa District. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gasa_District&amp;oldid=1057304309
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Paro District. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paro_District&amp;oldid=1036482740
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Punakha District. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punakha_District&amp;oldid=1036483190
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Thimphu. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thimphu&amp;oldid=1062389807</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2709" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་འདི་ རྗོང་དང་ནང་པའི་ལྷ་ཁང་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ཨིན། ད་ལྟོ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་གྱང་ཁོག་ཡོདཔ་དང་ སྤོ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག་གི་སྟོད་ཕྱོགས་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ཆགས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། རྫོང་འདི་ བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་གིས་སྤྱི་ལོ་༡༦༤༩ ལུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་བཀའ་སློབ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ བོད་ལས་དམག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁ་འཐོབ་པའི་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་བཞེངས་ནུག།&lt;br&gt;
སྤྱི༌ལོ༌༡༩༥༠ གྲངས༌འགོ་བཙུགས་ཁམས་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་རྫོང་འདི་ ཡོངས་རྫོངས་མེ་མཆོད་བཞེས་ནིའི་འབད་ནུག། སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༡༦ ལུ་ མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པའི་དུས་སྟོན་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ གཞན་དུས་སྟོན་གཉིས་  སྤྱི་ལོ ༡༦༡༦ ལུ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་འབྲུག་ལུ་ཕེབས་པའི་ལོ་དང་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པའི་ལོ་ བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ བློན་ཚེ་རིང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ རྫོང་འདི་ཧེ་མ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་རང་ལོག་སྟེ་བཞེངས་ནིའི་ཟེར་གསལ་སྒྲགས་ནུག། གསལ་སྒྲགས་དང་ས་སླང་བརྟེན་འབྲེལ་འདི་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ཉིནམ་གཅིག་གི་རྒྱབ་ལས་འབད་ནུག།&lt;/big&gt;

=== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ===
# Wikipedia contributors. (2021). Drukgyal_Dzong. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from་https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drukgyal_Dzong


[[Category:སྤ་རོ་རྫོང་ཁག]]
[[Category:རྫོང]]</text>
      <sha1>lzm0s65ekkv5sxt98jwleusjxt9ubzw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ནང་ཆོས། (Religion)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4840</id>
    <redirect title="ནང་ཆོས།" />
    <revision>
      <id>29145</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-07T06:29:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rpel</username>
        <id>8515</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rpel moved page [[ནང་ཆོས། (Religion)]] to [[ནང་ཆོས།]] over redirect</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ནང་ཆོས།]]</text>
      <sha1>oniib2bd95w186gvut4fi3de64e2lsh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཀོ ཌག ཀོ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4841</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29154</id>
      <parentid>29146</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-04-09T13:17:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martorellpedro</username>
        <id>8694</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="534" xml:space="preserve">[[File:GoDogGo logo.png|thumb]]
'''ཀོ ཌག ཀོ'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://media.netflix.com/en/press-releases/netflix-to-launch-diverse-slate-of-original-preschool-series-from-award-winning-kids-programming-creators &quot;NETFLIX TO LAUNCH DIVERSE SLATE OF ORIGINAL PRESCHOOL SERIES FROM AWARD-WINNING KIDS PROGRAMMING CREATORS&quot;]. ''Netflix Media Center'' Retrieved April 9, 2022.&lt;/ref&gt; ༼Go, Dog. Go!༽ ནི་༣ད འནི྅འཏེད སེརིེས&lt;big&gt;།&lt;/big&gt;

== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Stub}}</text>
      <sha1>kvoxrlbliunuu25opgdmzh4yebruybu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Cite web</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>4842</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29147</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-09T13:03:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martorellpedro</username>
        <id>8694</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation |CitationClass=web }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="122" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=web
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rcgmbcxu7hvs583g1f3rzz4c4dkizda</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4843</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29148</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-09T13:05:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martorellpedro</username>
        <id>8694</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;local z = { 	error_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations that contain errors 	error_ids_t = {};															-- list of error identifiers; used to prevent duplication of certain errors; local to this module 	error_msgs_t = {};															-- sequence table of error messages 	maint_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations that aren't erroneous per se, but could use a little work 	prop_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing cit...&quot;</comment>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="24564" xml:space="preserve">local z = {
	error_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations that contain errors
	error_ids_t = {};															-- list of error identifiers; used to prevent duplication of certain errors; local to this module
	error_msgs_t = {};															-- sequence table of error messages
	maint_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations that aren't erroneous per se, but could use a little work
	prop_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations based on certain properties, language of source for instance
	prop_keys_t = {};															-- for adding classes to the citation's &lt;cite&gt; tag
};


--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local cfg;																		-- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------

Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string.

]]

local function is_set (var)
	return not (var == nil or var == '');
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N _ A R R A Y &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Whether needle is in haystack

]]

local function in_array (needle, haystack)
	if needle == nil then
		return false;
	end
	for n, v in ipairs (haystack) do
		if v == needle then
			return n;
		end
	end
	return false;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ A C C E P T _ A S _ W R I T T E N &gt;------------------------------------

When &lt;str&gt; is wholly wrapped in accept-as-written markup, return &lt;str&gt; without markup and true; return &lt;str&gt; and false else

with allow_empty = false, &lt;str&gt; must have at least one character inside the markup
with allow_empty = true, &lt;str&gt; the markup frame can be empty like (()) to distinguish an empty template parameter from the specific condition &quot;has no applicable value&quot; in citation-context.

After further evaluation the two cases might be merged at a later stage, but should be kept separated for now.

]]

local function has_accept_as_written (str, allow_empty)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return str, false;
	end

	local count;

	if true == allow_empty then
		str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.*)%)%)$', '%1'); 						-- allows (()) to be an empty set
	else
		str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1');
	end
	return str, 0 ~= count;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S U B S T I T U T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Populates numbered arguments in a message string using an argument table. &lt;args&gt; may be a single string or a
sequence table of multiple strings.

]]

local function substitute (msg, args)
	return args and mw.message.newRawMessage (msg, args):plain() or msg;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E R R O R _ C O M M E N T &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Wraps error messages with CSS markup according to the state of hidden. &lt;content&gt; may be a single string or a
sequence table of multiple strings.

]]

local function error_comment (content, hidden)
	return substitute (hidden and cfg.presentation['hidden-error'] or cfg.presentation['visible-error'], content);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Converts a hyphen to a dash under certain conditions.  The hyphen must separate
like items; unlike items are returned unmodified.  These forms are modified:
	letter - letter (A - B)
	digit - digit (4-5)
	digit separator digit - digit separator digit (4.1-4.5 or 4-1-4-5)
	letterdigit - letterdigit (A1-A5) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – a.1-a.5 or a-1-a-5)
	digitletter - digitletter (5a - 5d) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – 5.a-5.d or 5-a-5-d)

any other forms are returned unmodified.

str may be a comma- or semicolon-separated list

]]

local function hyphen_to_dash (str)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return str;
	end

	local accept;																-- boolean

	str = str:gsub (&quot;(%(%(.-%)%))&quot;, function(m) return m:gsub(&quot;,&quot;, &quot;，&quot;):gsub(&quot;;&quot;, &quot;；&quot;) end) -- replace commas and semicolons in accept-as-written markup with similar unicode characters so they'll be ignored during the split	
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;[nm]dash;', {['&amp;ndash;'] = '–', ['&amp;mdash;'] = '—'});		-- replace &amp;mdash; and &amp;ndash; entities with their characters; semicolon mucks up the text.split
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;#45;', '-'); -- replace HTML numeric entity with hyphen character
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;nbsp;', ' '); -- replace &amp;nbsp; entity with generic keyboard space character
	
	local out = {};
	local list = mw.text.split (str, '%s*[,;]%s*');								-- split str at comma or semicolon separators if there are any

	for _, item in ipairs (list) do												-- for each item in the list
		item, accept = has_accept_as_written (item);							-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of item
		if not accept and mw.ustring.match (item, '^%w*[%.%-]?%w+%s*[%-–—]%s*%w*[%.%-]?%w+$') then	-- if a hyphenated range or has endash or emdash separators
			if item:match ('^%a+[%.%-]?%d+%s*%-%s*%a+[%.%-]?%d+$') or			-- letterdigit hyphen letterdigit (optional separator between letter and digit)
				item:match ('^%d+[%.%-]?%a+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]?%a+$') or			-- digitletter hyphen digitletter (optional separator between digit and letter)
				item:match ('^%d+[%.%-]%d+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]%d+$') or			-- digit separator digit hyphen digit separator digit
				item:match ('^%d+%s*%-%s*%d+$') or								-- digit hyphen digit
				item:match ('^%a+%s*%-%s*%a+$') then							-- letter hyphen letter
					item = item:gsub ('(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)%s*%-%s*(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)', '%1–%2');	-- replace hyphen, remove extraneous space characters
			else
				item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '%s*[–—]%s*', '–');				-- for endash or emdash separated ranges, replace em with en, remove extraneous whitespace
			end
		end
		table.insert (out, item);												-- add the (possibly modified) item to the output table
	end

	local temp_str = '';														-- concatenate the output table into a comma separated string
	temp_str, accept = has_accept_as_written (table.concat (out, ', '));		-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of concatenated out
	if accept then
		temp_str = has_accept_as_written (str);									-- when global markup removed, return original str; do it this way to suppress boolean second return value
		return temp_str:gsub(&quot;，&quot;, &quot;,&quot;):gsub(&quot;；&quot;, &quot;;&quot;);
	else
		return temp_str:gsub(&quot;，&quot;, &quot;,&quot;):gsub(&quot;；&quot;, &quot;;&quot;);						-- else, return assembled temp_str
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; M A K E _ W I K I L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only
link is provided (or link and display are the same), returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are
provided or link is omitted, returns an empty string.

]=]

local function make_wikilink (link, display)
	if not is_set (link) then return '' end

	if is_set (display) and link ~= display then			
		return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'});			
	else
		return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'});
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ M E S S A G E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Sets an error message using the ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table along with arguments supplied in the function
call, inserts the resulting message in z.error_msgs_t{} sequence table, and returns the error message.

&lt;error_id&gt; – key value for appropriate error handler in ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table 
&lt;arguments&gt; – may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings to be subsititued into error_conditions[error_id].message
&lt;raw&gt; – boolean
	true –	causes this function to return the error message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag;
			returns error_conditions[error_id].hidden as a second return value
			does not add message to z.error_msgs_t sequence table
	false, nil – adds message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag to z.error_msgs_t
			returns the error message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag; there is no second return value
&lt;prefix&gt; – string to be prepended to &lt;message&gt;									-- TODO: remove support for these unused(?) arguments?
&lt;suffix&gt; – string to be appended to &lt;message&gt;

TODO: change z.error_cats_t and z.maint_cats_t to have the form cat_name = true?  this to avoid dups without having to have an extra table

]]

local added_maint_cats = {}														-- list of maintenance categories that have been added to z.maint_cats_t; TODO: figure out how to delete this table

local function set_message (error_id, arguments, raw, prefix, suffix)
	local error_state = cfg.error_conditions[error_id];
	
	prefix = prefix or '';
	suffix = suffix or '';
	
	if error_state == nil then
		error (cfg.messages['undefined_error'] .. ': ' .. error_id);			-- because missing error handler in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration

	elseif is_set (error_state.category) then
		if error_state.message then												-- when error_state.message defined, this is an error message
			table.insert (z.error_cats_t, error_state.category);
		else
			if not added_maint_cats[error_id] then
				added_maint_cats[error_id] = true;								-- note that we've added this category
				table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (error_state.category, arguments));	-- make cat name then add to table
			end
			return;																-- because no message, nothing more to do
		end
	end

	local message = substitute (error_state.message, arguments);

	message = table.concat (
		{
		message,
		' (',
		make_wikilink (
			table.concat (
				{
				cfg.messages['help page link'],
				'#',
				error_state.anchor
				}),
			cfg.messages['help page label']),
		')'
		});

	z.error_ids_t[error_id] = true;
	if z.error_ids_t['err_citation_missing_title'] and							-- if missing-title error already noted
		in_array (error_id, {'err_bare_url_missing_title', 'err_trans_missing_title'}) then		-- and this error is one of these
			return '', false;													-- don't bother because one flavor of missing title is sufficient
	end
	
	message = table.concat ({prefix, message, suffix});

	if true == raw then
		return message, error_state.hidden;										-- return message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag
	end		

	message = error_comment (message, error_state.hidden);						-- wrap message in visible-error, hidden-error span tag
	table.insert (z.error_msgs_t, message);										-- add it to the messages sequence table
	return message;																-- and done; return value generally not used but is used as a flag in various functions of ~/Identifiers
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; I S _ A L I A S _ U S E D &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

This function is used by select_one() to determine if one of a list of alias parameters is in the argument list
provided by the template.

Input:
	args – pointer to the arguments table from calling template
	alias – one of the list of possible aliases in the aliases lists from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
	index – for enumerated parameters, identifies which one
	enumerated – true/false flag used to choose how enumerated aliases are examined
	value – value associated with an alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected
	selected – the alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected
	error_list – list of aliases that are duplicates of the alias already selected

Returns:
	value – value associated with alias we selected or that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected
	selected – the alias we selected or the alias that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected

]]

local function is_alias_used (args, alias, index, enumerated, value, selected, error_list)
	if enumerated then															-- is this a test for an enumerated parameters?
		alias = alias:gsub ('#', index);										-- replace '#' with the value in index
	else
		alias = alias:gsub ('#', '');											-- remove '#' if it exists
	end

	if is_set (args[alias]) then												-- alias is in the template's argument list
		if value ~= nil and selected ~= alias then								-- if we have already selected one of the aliases
			local skip;
			for _, v in ipairs (error_list) do									-- spin through the error list to see if we've added this alias
				if v == alias then
					skip = true;
					break;														-- has been added so stop looking 
				end
			end
			if not skip then													-- has not been added so
				table.insert (error_list, alias);								-- add error alias to the error list
			end
		else
			value = args[alias];												-- not yet selected an alias, so select this one
			selected = alias;
		end
	end
	return value, selected;														-- return newly selected alias, or previously selected alias
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ M A I N T _ C A T &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Adds a category to z.maint_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any.
To prevent duplication, the added_maint_cats table lists the categories by key that have been added to z.maint_cats_t.

]]

local function add_maint_cat (key, arguments)
	if not added_maint_cats [key] then
		added_maint_cats [key] = true;											-- note that we've added this category
		table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (cfg.maint_cats [key], arguments));	-- make name then add to table
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ P R O P _ C A T &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Adds a category to z.prop_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any.

foreign_lang_source and foreign_lang_source_2 keys have a language code appended to them so that multiple languages
may be categorized but multiples of the same language are not categorized.

added_prop_cats is a table declared in page scope variables above

]]

local added_prop_cats = {};														-- list of property categories that have been added to z.prop_cats_t

local function add_prop_cat (key, arguments, key_modifier)
	local key_modified = key .. ((key_modifier and key_modifier) or '');		-- modify &lt;key&gt; with &lt;key_modifier&gt; if present and not nil
	
	if not added_prop_cats [key_modified] then
		added_prop_cats [key_modified] = true;									-- note that we've added this category
		table.insert (z.prop_cats_t, substitute (cfg.prop_cats [key], arguments));	-- make name then add to table
		table.insert (z.prop_keys_t, 'cs1-prop-' .. key);						-- convert key to class for use in the citation's &lt;cite&gt; tag
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ F O R _ I T A L I C S &gt;----------------------------------------------

Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup '' ... ''

Note: We cannot use &lt;i&gt; for italics, as the expected behavior for italics specified by ''...'' in the title is that
they will be inverted (i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references.  In addition, &lt;i&gt; and '' tend to interact
poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy.

]]

local function safe_for_italics (str)
	if not is_set (str) then return str end

	if str:sub (1, 1) == &quot;'&quot; then str = &quot;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot; .. str; end
	if str:sub (-1, -1) == &quot;'&quot; then str = str .. &quot;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;; end
	
	return str:gsub ('\n', ' ');												-- Remove newlines as they break italics.
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; W R A P _ S T Y L E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Applies styling to various parameters.  Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list configuration taking one
argument; protects italic styled parameters.  Additional text taken from citation_config.presentation - the reason
this function is similar to but separate from wrap_msg().

]]

local function wrap_style (key, str)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return &quot;&quot;;
	elseif in_array (key, {'italic-title', 'trans-italic-title'}) then
		str = safe_for_italics (str);
	end

	return substitute (cfg.presentation[key], {str});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ S E P _ L I S T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

make a separated list of items using provided separators.
	&lt;sep_list&gt; - typically '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;'
	&lt;sep_list_pair&gt; - typically '&lt;space&gt;and&lt;space&gt;'
	&lt;sep_list_end&gt; - typically '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;and&lt;space&gt;' or '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;&amp;&lt;space&gt;'

defaults to cfg.presentation['sep_list'], cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'], and cfg.presentation['sep_list_end']
if &lt;sep_list_end&gt; is specified, &lt;sep_list&gt; and &lt;sep_list_pair&gt; must also be supplied

]]

local function make_sep_list (count, list_seq, sep_list, sep_list_pair, sep_list_end)
	local list = '';

	if not sep_list then														-- set the defaults
		sep_list = cfg.presentation['sep_list'];
		sep_list_pair = cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'];
		sep_list_end = cfg.presentation['sep_list_end'];
	end
	
	if 2 &gt;= count then
		list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list_pair);							-- insert separator between two items; returns list_seq[1] then only one item
	elseif 2 &lt; count then
		list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list, 1, count - 1);					-- concatenate all but last item with plain list separator
		list = table.concat ({list, list_seq[count]}, sep_list_end);			-- concatenate last item onto end of &lt;list&gt; with final separator
	end
	
	return list;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E L E C T _ O N E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Chooses one matching parameter from a list of parameters to consider.  The list of parameters to consider is just
names.  For parameters that may be enumerated, the position of the numerator in the parameter name is identified
by the '#' so |author-last1= and |author1-last= are represented as 'author-last#' and 'author#-last'.

Because enumerated parameter |&lt;param&gt;1= is an alias of |&lt;param&gt;= we must test for both possibilities.


Generates an error if more than one match is present.

]]

local function select_one (args, aliases_list, error_condition, index)
	local value = nil;															-- the value assigned to the selected parameter
	local selected = '';														-- the name of the parameter we have chosen
	local error_list = {};

	if index ~= nil then index = tostring(index); end

	for _, alias in ipairs (aliases_list) do									-- for each alias in the aliases list
		if alias:match ('#') then												-- if this alias can be enumerated
			if '1' == index then												-- when index is 1 test for enumerated and non-enumerated aliases
				value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list);	-- first test for non-enumerated alias
			end
			value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, true, value, selected, error_list);	-- test for enumerated alias
		else
			value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list);	-- test for non-enumerated alias
		end
	end

	if #error_list &gt; 0 and 'none' ~= error_condition then						-- for cases where this code is used outside of extract_names()
		for i, v in ipairs (error_list) do
			error_list[i] = wrap_style ('parameter', v);
		end
		table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', selected));
		set_message (error_condition, {make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)});
	end
	
	return value, selected;
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; R E M O V E _ W I K I _ L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------

Gets the display text from a wikilink like [[A|B]] or [[B]] gives B

The str:gsub() returns either A|B froma [[A|B]] or B from [[B]] or B from B (no wikilink markup).

In l(), l:gsub() removes the link and pipe (if they exist); the second :gsub() trims whitespace from the label
if str was wrapped in wikilink markup.  Presumably, this is because without wikimarkup in str, there is no match
in the initial gsub, the replacement function l() doesn't get called.

]=]

local function remove_wiki_link (str)
	return (str:gsub (&quot;%[%[([^%[%]]*)%]%]&quot;, function(l)
		return l:gsub (&quot;^[^|]*|(.*)$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot; ):gsub (&quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;);
	end));
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ W I K I L I N K &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Determines if str is a wikilink, extracts, and returns the wikilink type, link text, and display text parts.
If str is a complex wikilink ([[L|D]]):
	returns wl_type 2 and D and L from [[L|D]];
if str is a simple wikilink ([[D]])
	returns wl_type 1 and D from [[D]] and L as empty string;
if not a wikilink:
	returns wl_type 0, str as D, and L as empty string.

trims leading and trailing whitespace and pipes from L and D ([[L|]] and [[|D]] are accepted by MediaWiki and
treated like [[D]]; while [[|D|]] is not accepted by MediaWiki, here, we accept it and return D without the pipes).

]=]

local function is_wikilink (str)
	local D, L
	local wl_type = 2;															-- assume that str is a complex wikilink [[L|D]]

	if not str:match ('^%[%[[^%]]+%]%]$') then									-- is str some sort of a wikilink (must have some sort of content)
		return 0, str, '';														-- not a wikilink; return wl_type as 0, str as D, and empty string as L
	end
	
	L, D = str:match ('^%[%[([^|]+)|([^%]]+)%]%]$');							-- get L and D from [[L|D]] 

	if not is_set (D) then														-- if no separate display
		D = str:match ('^%[%[([^%]]*)|*%]%]$');									-- get D from [[D]] or [[D|]]
		wl_type = 1; 
	end
	
	D = mw.text.trim (D, '%s|');												-- trim white space and pipe characters 
	return wl_type, D, L or '';
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S T R I P _ A P O S T R O P H E _ M A R K U P &gt;--------------------------------

Strip wiki italic and bold markup from argument so that it doesn't contaminate COinS metadata.
This function strips common patterns of apostrophe markup.  We presume that editors who have taken the time to
markup a title have, as a result, provided valid markup. When they don't, some single apostrophes are left behind.

Returns the argument without wiki markup and a number; the number is more-or-less meaningless except as a flag
to indicate that markup was replaced; do not rely on it as an indicator of how many of any kind of markup was
removed; returns the argument and nil when no markup removed

]]

local function strip_apostrophe_markup (argument)
	if not is_set (argument) then
		return argument, nil;													-- no argument, nothing to do
	end

	if nil == argument:find ( &quot;''&quot;, 1, true ) then								-- Is there at least one double apostrophe?  If not, exit.
		return argument, nil;
	end

	local flag;
	while true do
		if argument:find (&quot;'''''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- bold italic (5)
			argument, flag = argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);					-- remove all instances of it
		elseif argument:find (&quot;''''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- italic start and end without content (4)
			argument, flag=argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		elseif argument:find (&quot;'''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- bold (3)
			argument, flag=argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		elseif argument:find (&quot;''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- italic (2)
			argument, flag = argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		else
			break;
		end
	end

	return argument, flag;														-- done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local cfg table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr)
	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;
	
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	add_maint_cat = add_maint_cat,												-- exported functions
	add_prop_cat = add_prop_cat,
	error_comment = error_comment,
	has_accept_as_written = has_accept_as_written,
	hyphen_to_dash = hyphen_to_dash,
	in_array = in_array,
	is_set = is_set,
	is_wikilink = is_wikilink,
	make_sep_list = make_sep_list,
	make_wikilink = make_wikilink,
	remove_wiki_link = remove_wiki_link,
	safe_for_italics = safe_for_italics,
	select_one = select_one,
	set_message = set_message,
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules,
	strip_apostrophe_markup = strip_apostrophe_markup,
	substitute = substitute,
	wrap_style = wrap_style,

	z = z,																		-- exported table
	}</text>
      <sha1>kk801mqzkv4xrvmuck62gy23fyu6dl0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4844</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29149</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-09T13:06:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martorellpedro</username>
        <id>8694</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;-------------------------------------- ]]  local add_prop_cat, is_set, in_array, set_message, substitute, wrap_style;		-- imported functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local cfg;																		-- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration   --[[--------------------------&lt; F I L E - S C O P E   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------...&quot;</comment>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="62466" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local add_prop_cat, is_set, in_array, set_message, substitute, wrap_style;		-- imported functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
local cfg;																		-- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; F I L E - S C O P E   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------

File-scope variables are declared here

]]

local lang_object = mw.getContentLanguage();									-- used by is_valid_accessdate(), is_valid_year(), date_name_xlate(); TODO: move to ~/Configuration?
local year_limit;																-- used by is_valid_year()


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ A C C E S S D A T E &gt;----------------------------------------

returns true if:
	Wikipedia start date &lt;= accessdate &lt; today + 2 days

Wikipedia start date is 2001-01-15T00:00:00 UTC which is 979516800 seconds after 1970-01-01T00:00:00 UTC (the start of Unix time)
accessdate is the date provided in |access-date= at time 00:00:00 UTC
today is the current date at time 00:00:00 UTC plus 48 hours
	if today is 2015-01-01T00:00:00 then
		adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-02T00:00:00 – one second more than today
		adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-03T00:00:00 – one second more than tomorrow

This function does not work if it is fed month names for languages other than English.  Wikimedia #time: parser
apparently doesn't understand non-English date month names. This function will always return false when the date
contains a non-English month name because good1 is false after the call to lang.formatDate().  To get around that
call this function with YYYY-MM-DD format dates.

]=]

local function is_valid_accessdate (accessdate)
	local good1, good2;
	local access_ts, tomorrow_ts;												-- to hold Unix time stamps representing the dates

	good1, access_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', accessdate );			-- convert accessdate value to Unix timestamp 
	good2, tomorrow_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', 'today + 2 days' );	-- today midnight + 2 days is one second more than all day tomorrow
	
	if good1 and good2 then														-- lang.formatDate() returns a timestamp in the local script which which tonumber() may not understand
		access_ts = tonumber (access_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (access_ts);		-- convert to numbers for the comparison;
		tomorrow_ts = tonumber (tomorrow_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (tomorrow_ts);
	else
		return false;															-- one or both failed to convert to Unix time stamp
	end

	if 979516800 &lt;= access_ts and access_ts &lt; tomorrow_ts then					-- Wikipedia start date &lt;= accessdate &lt; tomorrow's date
		return true;
	else
		return false;															-- accessdate out of range
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ M O N T H _ N U M B E R &gt;----------------------------------------------

returns a number according to the month in a date: 1 for January, etc.  Capitalization and spelling must be correct.
If not a valid month, returns 0

]]

local function get_month_number (month)
	return cfg.date_names['local'].long[month] or cfg.date_names['local'].short[month] or	-- look for local names first
			cfg.date_names['en'].long[month] or	cfg.date_names['en'].short[month] or		-- failing that, look for English names
			0;																				-- not a recognized month name
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ S E A S O N _ N U M B E R &gt;--------------------------------------------

returns a number according to the sequence of seasons in a year: 21 for Spring, etc.  Capitalization and spelling
must be correct. If not a valid season, returns 0.
	21-24 = Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter, independent of “Hemisphere”

returns 0 when &lt;param&gt; is not |date=

Season numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)
which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019.  See '§Sub-year groupings'.  The standard defines various divisions using
numbers 21-41.  cs1|2 only supports generic seasons.  EDTF does support the distinction between north and south
hemisphere seasons but cs1|2 has no way to make that distinction.

These additional divisions not currently supported:
	25-28 = Spring - Northern Hemisphere, Summer- Northern Hemisphere, Autumn - Northern Hemisphere, Winter - Northern Hemisphere
	29-32 = Spring – Southern Hemisphere, Summer– Southern Hemisphere, Autumn – Southern Hemisphere, Winter - Southern Hemisphere
	33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each)
	37-39 = Quadrimester 1, Quadrimester 2, Quadrimester 3 (4 months each)
	40-41 = Semestral 1, Semestral-2 (6 months each)

]]

local function get_season_number (season, param)
	if 'date' ~= param then
		return 0;																-- season dates only supported by |date=
	end
	return cfg.date_names['local'].season[season] or							-- look for local names first
			cfg.date_names['en'].season[season] or								-- failing that, look for English names
			0;																	-- not a recognized season name
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ Q U A R T E R _ N U M B E R &gt;------------------------------------------

returns a number according to the sequence of quarters in a year: 33 for first quarter, etc.  Capitalization and spelling
must be correct. If not a valid quarter, returns 0.
	33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each)

returns 0 when &lt;param&gt; is not |date=

Quarter numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)
which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019.  See '§Sub-year groupings'.  The standard defines various divisions using
numbers 21-41.  cs1|2 only supports generic seasons and quarters.

These additional divisions not currently supported:
	37-39 = Quadrimester 1, Quadrimester 2, Quadrimester 3 (4 months each)
	40-41 = Semestral 1, Semestral-2 (6 months each)

]]

local function get_quarter_number (quarter, param)
	if 'date' ~= param then
		return 0;																-- quarter dates only supported by |date=
	end
	quarter = mw.ustring.gsub (quarter, ' +', ' ');								-- special case replace multiple space chars with a single space char
	return cfg.date_names['local'].quarter[quarter] or							-- look for local names first
			cfg.date_names['en'].quarter[quarter] or							-- failing that, look for English names
			0;																	-- not a recognized quarter name
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ P R O P E R _ N A M E _ N U M B E R &gt;----------------------------------

returns a non-zero number if date contains a recognized proper-name.  Capitalization and spelling must be correct.

returns 0 when &lt;param&gt; is not |date=

]]

local function get_proper_name_number (name, param)
	if 'date' ~= param then
		return 0;																-- proper-name dates only supported by |date=
	end
	return cfg.date_names['local'].named[name] or								-- look for local names dates first
			cfg.date_names['en'].named[name] or									-- failing that, look for English names
			0;																	-- not a recognized named date
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ E L E M E N T _ N U M B E R &lt;------------------------------------------

returns true if month or season or quarter or proper name is valid (properly spelled, capitalized, abbreviated)

]]

local function get_element_number (element, param)
	local num;
	
	local funcs = {get_month_number, get_season_number, get_quarter_number, get_proper_name_number};	-- list of functions to execute in order
	
	for _, func in ipairs (funcs) do											-- spin through the function list
		num = func (element, param);											-- call the function and get the returned number
		if 0 ~= num then														-- non-zero when valid month season quarter 
			return num;															-- return that number
		end
	end
	return nil;																	-- not valid
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ Y E A R &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Function gets current year from the server and compares it to year from a citation parameter.  Years more than one
year in the future are not acceptable.

Special case for |pmc-embargo-date=: years more than two years in the future are not acceptable

]]

local function is_valid_year (year, param)
	if not is_set (year_limit) then
		year_limit = tonumber(os.date(&quot;%Y&quot;))+1;									-- global variable so we only have to fetch it once
	end

	year = tonumber (year) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (year);			-- convert to number for the comparison;
	
	if 'pmc-embargo-date' == param then											-- special case for |pmc-embargo-date=
		return year and (year &lt;= tonumber(os.date(&quot;%Y&quot;))+2) or false;			-- years more than two years in the future are not accepted
	end	
	return year and (year &lt;= year_limit) or false;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ D A T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Returns true if day is less than or equal to the number of days in month and year is no farther into the future
than next year; else returns false.

Assumes Julian calendar prior to year 1582 and Gregorian calendar thereafter. Accounts for Julian calendar leap
years before 1582 and Gregorian leap years after 1582. Where the two calendars overlap (1582 to approximately
1923) dates are assumed to be Gregorian.

]]

local function is_valid_date (year, month, day, param)
local days_in_month = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
local month_length;
	if not is_valid_year (year, param) then										-- no farther into the future than next year except |pmc-embargo-date= no more than two years in the future
		return false;
	end
	
	month = tonumber (month);													-- required for YYYY-MM-DD dates
	
	if (2 == month) then														-- if February
		month_length = 28;														-- then 28 days unless
		if 1582 &gt; tonumber(year) then											-- Julian calendar
			if 0 == (year%4) then												-- is a leap year?
				month_length = 29;												-- if leap year then 29 days in February
			end
		else																	-- Gregorian calendar
			if (0 == (year%4) and (0 ~= (year%100) or 0 == (year%400))) then	-- is a leap year?
				month_length = 29;												-- if leap year then 29 days in February
			end
		end
	else
		month_length = days_in_month[month];
	end

	if tonumber (day) &gt; month_length then
		return false;
	end
	return true;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ M O N T H _ R A N G E _ S T Y L E &gt;--------------------------

Months in a range are expected to have the same style: Jan–Mar or October–December but not February–Mar or Jul–August. 
This function looks in cfg.date_names{} to see if both month names are listed in the long subtable or both are
listed in the short subtable.  When both have the same style (both are listed in the same table), returns true; false else

]]

local function is_valid_month_range_style (month1, month2)
	if (cfg.date_names.en.long[month1] and cfg.date_names.en.long[month2]) or					-- are both English names listed in the long subtable?
		(cfg.date_names.en.short[month1] and cfg.date_names.en.short[month2]) or				-- are both English names listed in the short subtable?
		(cfg.date_names['local'].long[month1] and cfg.date_names['local'].long[month2]) or		-- are both local names listed in the long subtable?
		(cfg.date_names['local'].short[month1] and cfg.date_names['local'].short[month2]) then	-- are both local names listed in the short subtable?
			return true;
	end
	return false;																-- names are mixed
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ M O N T H _ S E A S O N _ R A N G E &gt;------------------------

Check a pair of months or seasons to see if both are valid members of a month or season pair.

Month pairs are expected to be left to right, earliest to latest in time.

All season ranges are accepted as valid because there are publishers out there who have published a Summer–Spring YYYY issue, hence treat as ok

]]

local function is_valid_month_season_range(range_start, range_end, param)
	local range_start_number = get_month_number (range_start);
	local range_end_number;

	if 0 == range_start_number then												-- is this a month range?
		range_start_number = get_season_number (range_start, param);			-- not a month; is it a season? get start season number
		range_end_number = get_season_number (range_end, param);				-- get end season number

		if (0 ~= range_start_number) and (0 ~= range_end_number) and (range_start_number ~= range_end_number) then
			return true;														-- any season pairing is accepted except when both are the same
		end
		return false;															-- range_start and/or range_end is not a season
	end
																				-- here when range_start is a month
	range_end_number = get_month_number (range_end);							-- get end month number
	if range_start_number &lt; range_end_number and								-- range_start is a month; does range_start precede range_end?
		is_valid_month_range_style (range_start, range_end) then				-- do months have the same style?
			return true;														-- proper order and same style
	end
	return false;																-- range_start month number is greater than or equal to range end number; or range end isn't a month
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ C O I N S _ D A T E &gt;------------------------------------------------

This function receives a table of date parts for one or two dates and an empty table reference declared in
Module:Citation/CS1.  The function is called only for |date= parameters and only if the |date=&lt;value&gt; is 
determined to be a valid date format.  The question of what to do with invalid date formats is not answered here.

The date parts in the input table are converted to an ISO 8601 conforming date string:
	single whole dates:		yyyy-mm-dd
	month and year dates:	yyyy-mm
	year dates:				yyyy
	ranges:					yyyy-mm-dd/yyyy-mm-dd
							yyyy-mm/yyyy-mm
							yyyy/yyyy

Dates in the Julian calendar are reduced to year or year/year so that we don't have to do calendar conversion from
Julian to Proleptic Gregorian.

The input table has:
	year, year2 – always present; if before 1582, ignore months and days if present
	month, month2 – 0 if not provided, 1-12 for months, 21-24 for seasons; 99 Christmas
	day, day2 –  0 if not provided, 1-31 for days
	
the output table receives:
	rftdate:	an ISO 8601 formatted date
	rftchron:	a free-form version of the date, usually without year which is in rftdate (season ranges and proper-name dates)
	rftssn:		one of four season keywords: winter, spring, summer, fall (lowercase)
	rftquarter:	one of four values: 1, 2, 3, 4

]]

local function make_COinS_date (input, tCOinS_date)
	local date;																	-- one date or first date in a range
	local date2 = '';															-- end of range date
-- start temporary Julian / Gregorian calendar uncertainty detection
	local year = tonumber(input.year);											-- this temporary code to determine the extent of sources dated to the Julian/Gregorian
	local month = tonumber(input.month);										-- interstice 1 October 1582 – 1 January 1926
	local day = tonumber (input.day);
	if (0 ~= day) and															-- day must have a value for this to be a whole date
		(((1582 == year) and (10 &lt;= month) and (12 &gt;= month)) or				-- any whole 1582 date from 1 October to 31 December or
			((1926 == year) and (1 == month) and (1 == input.day)) or			-- 1 January 1926 or
				((1582 &lt; year) and (1925 &gt;= year))) then						-- any date 1 January 1583 – 31 December 1925
					tCOinS_date.inter_cal_cat = true;							-- set category flag true
	end
-- end temporary Julian / Gregorian calendar uncertainty detection
	
	if 1582 &gt; tonumber(input.year) or 20 &lt; tonumber(input.month) then			-- Julian calendar or season so &amp;rft.date gets year only
		date = input.year;
		if 0 ~= input.year2 and input.year ~= input.year2 then					-- if a range, only the second year portion when not the same as range start year
			date = string.format ('%.4d/%.4d', tonumber(input.year), tonumber(input.year2))		-- assemble the date range
		end
		if 20 &lt; tonumber(input.month) then										-- if season or proper-name date
			local season = {[24] = 'winter', [21] = 'spring', [22] = 'summer', [23] = 'fall', [33] = '1', [34] = '2', [35] = '3', [36] = '4', [98] = 'Easter', [99] = 'Christmas'};	-- seasons lowercase, no autumn; proper-names use title case
			if 0 == input.month2 then											-- single season date
				if 40 &lt; tonumber(input.month) then
					tCOinS_date.rftchron = season[input.month];					-- proper-name dates
				elseif 30 &lt; tonumber(input.month) then
					tCOinS_date.rftquarter = season[input.month];				-- quarters
				else
					tCOinS_date.rftssn = season[input.month];					-- seasons
				end
			else																-- season range with a second season specified
				if input.year ~= input.year2 then								-- season year – season year range or season year–year
					tCOinS_date.rftssn = season[input.month];					-- start of range season; keep this?
					if 0~= input.month2 then
						tCOinS_date.rftchron = string.format ('%s %s – %s %s', season[input.month], input.year, season[input.month2], input.year2);
					end
				else															-- season–season year range
					tCOinS_date.rftssn = season[input.month];					-- start of range season; keep this?
					tCOinS_date.rftchron = season[input.month] .. '–' .. season[input.month2];	-- season–season year range
				end
			end
		end
		tCOinS_date.rftdate = date;
		return;																	-- done
	end
	
	if 0 ~= input.day then
		date = string.format ('%s-%.2d-%.2d', input.year, tonumber(input.month), tonumber(input.day));	-- whole date
	elseif 0 ~= input.month then
		date = string.format ('%s-%.2d', input.year, tonumber(input.month));	-- year and month
	else
		date = string.format ('%s', input.year);								-- just year
	end

	if 0 ~= input.year2 then
		if 0 ~= input.day2 then
			date2 = string.format ('/%s-%.2d-%.2d', input.year2, tonumber(input.month2), tonumber(input.day2));		-- whole date
		elseif 0 ~= input.month2 then
			date2 = string.format ('/%s-%.2d', input.year2, tonumber(input.month2));	-- year and month
		else
			date2 = string.format ('/%s', input.year2);							-- just year
		end
	end
	
	tCOinS_date.rftdate = date .. date2;										-- date2 has the '/' separator
	return;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A T T E R N S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

this is the list of patterns for date formats that this module recognizes.  Approximately the first half of these
patterns represent formats that might be reformatted into another format.  Those that might be reformatted have
'indicator' letters that identify the content of the matching capture: 'd' (day), 'm' (month), 'a' (anchor year),
'y' (year); second day, month, year have a '2' suffix.

These patterns are used for both date validation and for reformatting.  This table should not be moved to ~/Configuration
because changes to this table require changes to check_date() and to reformatter() and reformat_date()

]]

local patterns = {
	 																			-- year-initial numerical year-month-day
	['ymd'] = {'^(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)$', 'y', 'm', 'd'},					
																				-- month-initial: month day, year
	['Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +((%d%d%d%d?)%a?)$', 'm', 'd', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash
	['Md-dy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?)[%-–]([1-9]%d?), +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- day-initial: day month year
	['dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +((%d%d%d%d?)%a?)$', 'd', 'm', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- year-initial: year month day; day: 1 or 2 two digits, leading zero allowed; not supported at en.wiki
	--	['yMd'] = {'^((%d%d%d%d?)%a?) +(%D-) +(%d%d?)$', 'a', 'y', 'm', 'd'},
																				-- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash
	['d-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?)[%-–]([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash
	['dM-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +[%-–] +([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year;  uses spaced endash
	['Md-Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$','m', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- day initial month-day-year-range: day month year - day month year; uses spaced endash
	['dMy-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(%d%d%d%d) +[%-–] +([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'a', 'y2'},
																				-- month initial month-day-year-range: month day, year – month day, year;  uses spaced endash
	['Mdy-Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(%d%d%d%d) +[%-–] +(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'a', 'y2'},

																				-- these date formats cannot be converted, per se, but month name can be rendered short or long
																				-- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash
	['My-My'] = {'^(%D-) +(%d%d%d%d) +[%-–] +(%D-) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'm', 'y', 'm2', 'a', 'y2'},
																				-- month/season range year; months separated by endash
	['M-My'] = {'^(%D-)[%-–](%D-) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'm', 'm2', 'a', 'y'},
																				-- month/season year or proper-name year; quarter year when First Quarter YYYY etc.
	['My'] = {'^([^%d–]-) +((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$', 'm', 'a', 'y'},					-- this way because endash is a member of %D; %D- will match January–March 2019 when it shouldn't

																				-- these date formats cannot be converted
	['Sy4-y2'] = {'^(%D-) +((%d%d)%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d)%a?)$'},						-- special case Winter/Summer year-year (YYYY-YY); year separated with unspaced endash
	['Sy-y'] = {'^(%D-) +(%d%d%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d%d%d)%a?)$'},						-- special case Winter/Summer year-year; year separated with unspaced endash
	['y-y'] = {'^(%d%d%d%d?)[%-–]((%d%d%d%d?)%a?)$'},							-- year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999
	['y4-y2'] = {'^((%d%d)%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d)%a?)$'},								-- year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash
	['y'] = {'^((%d%d%d%d?)%a?)$'},												-- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ E M B A R G O _ D A T E &gt;------------------------------------

returns true and date value if that value has proper dmy, mdy, ymd format.

returns false and 9999 (embargoed forever) when date value is not proper format; assumes that when |pmc-embargo-date= is
set, the editor intended to embargo a PMC but |pmc-embargo-date= does not hold a single date.

]]

local function is_valid_embargo_date (v)
	if v:match (patterns['ymd'][1]) or											-- ymd
		v:match (patterns['Mdy'][1]) or											-- dmy
		v:match (patterns['dMy'][1]) then										-- mdy
			return true, v;
	end
	return false, '9999';														-- if here not good date so return false and set embargo date to long time in future
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ D A T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Check date format to see that it is one of the formats approved by WP:DATESNO or WP:DATERANGE. Exception: only
allowed range separator is endash.  Additionally, check the date to see that it is a real date: no 31 in 30-day
months; no 29 February when not a leap year.  Months, both long-form and three character abbreviations, and seasons
must be spelled correctly.  Future years beyond next year are not allowed.

If the date fails the format tests, this function returns false and does not return values for anchor_year and
COinS_date.  When this happens, the date parameter is (DEBUG: not?) used in the COinS metadata and the CITEREF identifier gets
its year from the year parameter if present otherwise CITEREF does not get a date value.

Inputs:
	date_string - date string from date-holding parameters (date, year, publication-date, access-date, pmc-embargo-date, archive-date, lay-date)

Returns:
	false if date string is not a real date; else
	true, anchor_year, COinS_date
		anchor_year can be used in CITEREF anchors
		COinS_date is ISO 8601 format date; see make_COInS_date()

]]

local function check_date (date_string, param, tCOinS_date)
	local year;																	-- assume that year2, months, and days are not used;
	local year2 = 0;															-- second year in a year range
	local month = 0;
	local month2 = 0;															-- second month in a month range
	local day = 0;
	local day2 = 0;																-- second day in a day range
	local anchor_year;
	local coins_date;

	if date_string:match (patterns['ymd'][1]) then								-- year-initial numerical year month day format
		year, month, day = date_string:match (patterns['ymd'][1]);
		if 12 &lt; tonumber(month) or 1 &gt; tonumber(month) or 1582 &gt; tonumber(year) or 0 == tonumber(day) then return false; end	-- month or day number not valid or not Gregorian calendar
		anchor_year = year;
	
	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Mdy'][1]) then				-- month-initial: month day, year
		month, day, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Mdy'][1]);
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months
				
	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Md-dy'][1]) then				-- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash
		month, day, day2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Md-dy'][1]);
		if tonumber(day) &gt;= tonumber(day2) then return false; end				-- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same;
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months
		month2=month;															-- for metadata
		year2 = year;

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['dMy'][1]) then				-- day-initial: day month year
		day, month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['dMy'][1]);
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months

--[[ NOT supported at en.wiki
	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['yMd'][1]) then				-- year-initial: year month day; day: 1 or 2 two digits, leading zero allowed
		anchor_year, year, month, day = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['yMd'][1]);
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months
-- end NOT supported at en.wiki ]]

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['d-dMy'][1]) then				-- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash
		day, day2, month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['d-dMy'][1]);
		if tonumber(day) &gt;= tonumber(day2) then return false; end				-- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same;
		month = get_month_number (month);
		if 0 == month then return false; end									-- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months
		month2 = month;															-- for metadata
		year2 = year;

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['dM-dMy'][1]) then			-- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash
		day, month, day2, month2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['dM-dMy'][1]);
		if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end	-- date range order is left to right: earlier to later;
		month = get_month_number (month);										-- for metadata
		month2 = get_month_number (month2);
		year2 = year;

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Md-Mdy'][1]) then			-- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year; uses spaced endash
		month, day, month2, day2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Md-Mdy'][1]);
		if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2, param)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end
		month = get_month_number (month);										-- for metadata
		month2 = get_month_number (month2);
		year2 = year;

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['dMy-dMy'][1]) then			-- day initial month-day-year-range: day month year - day month year; uses spaced endash
		day, month, year, day2, month2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['dMy-dMy'][1]);
		if tonumber(year2) &lt;= tonumber(year) then return false; end				-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) or not is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then return false; end		-- year2 no more than one year in the future; months same style
		month = get_month_number (month);										-- for metadata
		month2 = get_month_number (month2);
		if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end						-- both must be valid

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Mdy-Mdy'][1]) then			-- month initial month-day-year-range: month day, year – month day, year; uses spaced endash
		month, day, year, month2, day2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Mdy-Mdy'][1]);
		if tonumber(year2) &lt;= tonumber(year) then return false; end				-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) or not is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then return false; end		-- year2 no more than one year in the future; months same style
		month = get_month_number (month);										-- for metadata
		month2 = get_month_number(month2);
		if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end						-- both must be valid

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Sy4-y2'][1]) then			-- special case Winter/Summer year-year (YYYY-YY); year separated with unspaced endash
		local century;
		month, year, century, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Sy4-y2'][1]);
		if 'Winter' ~= month and 'Summer' ~= month then return false end;		-- 'month' can only be Winter or Summer
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor_year from both years
		year2 = century..year2;													-- add the century to year2 for comparisons
		if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end			-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year
		month = get_season_number(month, param);

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Sy-y'][1]) then				-- special case Winter/Summer year-year; year separated with unspaced endash
		month, year, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['Sy-y'][1]);
		if 'Winter' ~= month and 'Summer' ~= month then return false end;		-- 'month' can only be Winter or Summer
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;										-- assemble anchor_year from both years
		if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end			-- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year
		month = get_season_number (month, param);								-- for metadata

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['My-My'][1]) then				-- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash
		month, year, month2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['My-My'][1]);
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor_year from both years
		if tonumber(year) &gt;= tonumber(year2) then return false; end				-- left to right, earlier to later, not the same
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year
		if 0 ~= get_month_number(month) and 0 ~= get_month_number(month2) and is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then 	-- both must be month year, same month style
			month = get_month_number(month);
			month2 = get_month_number(month2);
		elseif 0 ~= get_season_number(month, param) and 0 ~= get_season_number(month2, param) then	-- both must be season year, not mixed
			month = get_season_number(month, param);
			month2 = get_season_number(month2, param);
		else
			 return false;
		end

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['M-My'][1]) then				-- month/season range year; months separated by endash 
		month, month2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['M-My'][1]);
		if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2, param)) or (not is_valid_year(year)) then return false; end
		if 0 ~= get_month_number(month) then									-- determined to be a valid range so just check this one to know if month or season
			month = get_month_number(month);
			month2 = get_month_number(month2);
			if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end
		else
			month = get_season_number(month, param);
			month2 = get_season_number(month2, param);
		end
		year2 = year;
		
	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['My'][1]) then				-- month/season/quarter/proper-name year
		month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['My'][1]);
		if not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end
		month = get_element_number(month, param);								-- get month season quarter proper-name number or nil
		if not month then return false; end										-- not valid whatever it is

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['y-y'][1]) then				-- Year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999
		year, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['y-y'][1]);
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor year from both years
		if tonumber(year) &gt;= tonumber(year2) then return false; end				-- left to right, earlier to later, not the same
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['y4-y2'][1]) then				-- Year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash
		local century;
		year, century, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['y4-y2'][1]);
		anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year;								-- assemble anchor year from both years

		if in_array (param, {'date', 'publication-date', 'year'}) then
			add_prop_cat ('year-range-abbreviated');
		end

		if 13 &gt; tonumber(year2) then return false; end							-- don't allow 2003-05 which might be May 2003
		year2 = century .. year2;													-- add the century to year2 for comparisons
		if tonumber(year) &gt;= tonumber(year2) then return false; end				-- left to right, earlier to later, not the same
		if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end						-- no year farther in the future than next year

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['y'][1]) then					-- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY
		anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns['y'][1]);
		if false == is_valid_year(year) then
			return false;
		end

	else
		return false;															-- date format not one of the MOS:DATE approved formats
	end

	if 'access-date' == param then												-- test accessdate here because we have numerical date parts
		if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 							-- all parts of a single date required
			0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then						-- none of these; accessdate must not be a range
				if not is_valid_accessdate(year .. '-' .. month .. '-' .. day) then	
					return false;												-- return false when accessdate out of bounds
				end
		else
			return false;														-- return false when accessdate is a range of two dates
		end
	end

	local result=true;															-- check whole dates for validity; assume true because not all dates will go through this test
	if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then		-- YMD (simple whole date)
		result = is_valid_date (year, month, day, param);						-- &lt;param&gt; for |pmc-embargo-date=

	elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 ~= day2 then	-- YMD-d (day range)
		result = is_valid_date (year, month, day);
		result = result and is_valid_date (year, month, day2);

	elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then	-- YMD-md (day month range)
		result = is_valid_date (year, month, day);
		result = result and is_valid_date (year, month2, day2);

	elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 ~= year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then	-- YMD-ymd (day month year range)
		result = is_valid_date(year, month, day);
		result = result and is_valid_date(year2, month2, day2);
	end
	
	if false == result then return false; end

	if nil ~= tCOinS_date then													-- this table only passed into this function when testing |date= parameter values
		make_COinS_date ({year = year, month = month, day = day, year2 = year2, month2 = month2, day2 = day2}, tCOinS_date);	-- make an ISO 8601 date string for COinS
	end
	
	return true, anchor_year;													-- format is good and date string represents a real date
end	


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

Cycle the date-holding parameters in passed table date_parameters_list through check_date() to check compliance with MOS:DATE. For all valid dates, check_date() returns
true. The |date= parameter test is unique, it is the only date holding parameter from which values for anchor_year (used in CITEREF identifiers) and COinS_date (used in
the COinS metadata) are derived.  The |date= parameter is the only date-holding parameter that is allowed to contain the no-date keywords &quot;n.d.&quot; or &quot;nd&quot; (without quotes).

Unlike most error messages created in this module, only one error message is created by this function. Because all of the date holding parameters are processed serially,
parameters with errors are added to the &lt;error_list&gt; sequence table as the dates are tested.

]]

local function dates(date_parameters_list, tCOinS_date, error_list)
	local anchor_year;															-- will return as nil if the date being tested is not |date=
	local COinS_date;															-- will return as nil if the date being tested is not |date=
	local embargo_date;															-- if embargo date is a good dmy, mdy, ymd date then holds original value else reset to 9999
	local good_date = false;

	for k, v in pairs(date_parameters_list) do									-- for each date-holding parameter in the list
		if is_set(v.val) then													-- if the parameter has a value
			v.val = mw.ustring.gsub(v.val, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits);	-- translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9
			if v.val:match(&quot;^c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?%a?$&quot;) then						-- special case for c. year or with or without CITEREF disambiguator - only |date= and |year=
				local year = v.val:match(&quot;c%. ([1-9]%d%d%d?)%a?&quot;);				-- get the year portion so it can be tested
				if 'date' == k then
					anchor_year, COinS_date = v.val:match(&quot;((c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?)%a?)&quot;);	-- anchor year and COinS_date only from |date= parameter
					good_date = is_valid_year(year);
				elseif 'year' == k then
					good_date = is_valid_year(year);
				end
			elseif 'date' == k then												-- if the parameter is |date=
				if v.val:match(&quot;^n%.d%.%a?$&quot;) then -- ToDo: I18N								-- if |date=n.d. with or without a CITEREF disambiguator
					good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = true, v.val:match(&quot;((n%.d%.)%a?)&quot;); -- ToDo: I18N	-- &quot;n.d.&quot;; no error when date parameter is set to no date
				elseif v.val:match(&quot;^nd%a?$&quot;) then -- ToDo: I18N								-- if |date=nd with or without a CITEREF disambiguator
					good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = true, v.val:match(&quot;((nd)%a?)&quot;); -- ToDo: I18N	-- &quot;nd&quot;;	no error when date parameter is set to no date
				else
					good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = check_date (v.val, k, tCOinS_date);	-- go test the date
				end
			elseif 'year' == k then												-- if the parameter is |year= it should hold only a year value
				if v.val:match(&quot;^[1-9]%d%d%d?%a?$&quot;) then						-- if |year = 3 or 4 digits only with or without a CITEREF disambiguator
					good_date, anchor_year, COinS_date = true, v.val:match(&quot;((%d+)%a?)&quot;);
				end
			elseif 'pmc-embargo-date' == k then									-- if the parameter is |pmc-embargo-date=
				good_date = check_date (v.val, k);								-- go test the date
				if true == good_date then										-- if the date is a valid date
					good_date, embargo_date = is_valid_embargo_date (v.val);	-- is |pmc-embargo-date= date a single dmy, mdy, or ymd formatted date? yes: returns embargo date; no: returns 9999
				end
			else																-- any other date-holding parameter
				good_date = check_date (v.val, k);								-- go test the date
			end
			if false == good_date then											-- assemble one error message so we don't add the tracking category multiple times
				table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', v.name));	-- make parameter name suitable for error message list
			end
		end
	end
	return anchor_year, embargo_date;											-- and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; Y E A R _ D A T E _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------------------------------

Compare the value provided in |year= with the year value(s) provided in |date=.  This function sets a local numeric value:
	0 - year value does not match the year value in date
	1 - (default) year value matches the year value in date or one of the year values when date contains two years
	2 - year value matches the year value in date when date is in the form YYYY-MM-DD and year is disambiguated (|year=YYYYx)

the numeric value in &lt;result&gt; determines the 'output' if any from this function:
	0 – adds error message to error_list sequence table
	1 – adds maint cat
	2 – does nothing

]]

local function year_date_check (year_string, year_origin, date_string, date_origin, error_list)
	local year;
	local date1;
	local date2;
	local result = 1;															-- result of the test; assume that the test passes

	year = year_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d?)');

	if date_string:match ('%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d') and year_string:match ('%d%d%d%d%a') then	--special case where both date and year are required YYYY-MM-DD and YYYYx
		date1 = date_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d)');
		year = year_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d)');
		if year ~= date1 then
			result = 0;															-- years don't match
		else
			result = 2;															-- years match; but because disambiguated, don't add to maint cat
		end
		
	elseif date_string:match (&quot;%d%d%d%d?.-%d%d%d%d?&quot;) then						-- any of the standard range formats of date with two three- or four-digit years
		date1, date2 = date_string:match (&quot;(%d%d%d%d?).-(%d%d%d%d?)&quot;);
		if year ~= date1 and year ~= date2 then
			result = 0;
		end

	elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, &quot;%d%d%d%d[%-–]%d%d&quot;) then				-- YYYY-YY date ranges
		local century;
		date1, century, date2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, &quot;((%d%d)%d%d)[%-–]+(%d%d)&quot;);
		date2 = century..date2;													-- convert YY to YYYY
		if year ~= date1 and year ~= date2 then
			result = 0;
		end

	elseif date_string:match (&quot;%d%d%d%d?&quot;) then									-- any of the standard formats of date with one year
		date1 = date_string:match (&quot;(%d%d%d%d?)&quot;);
		if year ~= date1 then
			result = 0;
		end
	else																		-- should never get here; this function called only when no other date errors
		result = 0;																-- no recognizable year in date
	end

	if 0 == result then															-- year / date mismatch
		table.insert (error_list, substitute (cfg.messages['mismatch'], {year_origin, date_origin}));	-- add error message to error_list sequence table
	elseif 1 == result then														-- redundant year / date
		set_message ('maint_date_year');										-- add a maint cat
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; R E F O R M A T T E R &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

reformat 'date' into new format specified by format_param if pattern_idx (the current format of 'date') can be
reformatted.  Does the grunt work for reformat_dates().

The table re_formats maps pattern_idx (current format) and format_param (desired format) to a table that holds:
	format string used by string.format()
	identifier letters ('d', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2') that serve as indexes into a table t{} that holds captures
		from mw.ustring.match() for the various date parts specified by  patterns[pattern_idx][1]

Items in patterns{} have the general form:
	['ymd'] = {'^(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)$', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, where:
		['ymd'] is pattern_idx
		patterns['ymd'][1] is the match pattern with captures for mw.ustring.match()
		patterns['ymd'][2] is an indicator letter identifying the content of the first capture
		patterns['ymd'][3] ... the second capture etc.

when a pattern matches a date, the captures are loaded into table t{} in capture order using the idemtifier
characters as indexes into t{}  For the above, a ymd date is in t{} as:
	t.y = first capture (year), t.m = second capture (month), t.d = third capture (day)

To reformat, this function is called with the pattern_idx that matches the current format of the date and with
format_param set to the desired format.  This function loads table t{} as described and then calls string.format()
with the format string specified by re_format[pattern_idx][format_param][1] using values taken from t{} according
to the capture identifier letters specified by patterns[pattern_idx][format_param][n] where n is 2..

]]

local re_formats = {
	['ymd'] = {																	-- date format is ymd; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'},									-- |df=mdy
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'},									-- |df=dmy
	--		['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},								-- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki
		},
	['Mdy'] = {																	-- date format is Mdy; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'},									-- for long/short reformatting
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'},									-- |df=dmy
		['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},									-- |df=ymd
	--		['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},								-- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki
		},
	['dMy'] = {																	-- date format is dMy; reformat to:
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'},									-- for long/short reformatting
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'},									-- |df=mdy
		['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},									-- |df=ymd
	--		['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},								-- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki
		},
	['Md-dy'] = {																-- date format is Md-dy; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s–%s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'y'},						-- for long/short reformatting
		['dmy'] = {'%s–%s %s %s', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'y'},							-- |df=dmy -&gt; d-dMy 
		},
	['d-dMy'] = {																-- date format is d-d&gt;y; reformat to:
		['dmy'] = {'%s–%s %s %s', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'y'},							-- for long/short reformatting
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s–%s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'y'},						-- |df=mdy -&gt; Md-dy 
		},
	['dM-dMy'] = {																-- date format is dM-dMy; reformat to:
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'y'},				-- for long/short reformatting
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'y'},				-- |df=mdy -&gt; Md-Mdy 
		},
	['Md-Mdy'] = {																-- date format is Md-Mdy; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd',  'm2', 'd2', 'y'},			-- for long/short reformatting
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'y'},				-- |df=dmy -&gt; dM-dMy 
		},
	['dMy-dMy'] = {																-- date format is dMy-dMy; reformat to:
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2'},		-- for long/short reformatting
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'y2'},	-- |df=mdy -&gt; Mdy-Mdy 
		},
	['Mdy-Mdy'] = {																-- date format is Mdy-Mdy; reformat to:
		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'y2'},	-- for long/short reformatting
		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2'},		-- |df=dmy -&gt; dMy-dMy 
		},
	['My-My'] = {																-- these for long/short reformatting
		['any'] = {'%s %s – %s %s', 'm', 'y', 'm2', 'y2'},						-- dmy/mdy agnostic
		},
	['M-My'] = {																-- these for long/short reformatting
		['any'] = {'%s–%s %s', 'm', 'm2', 'y'},									-- dmy/mdy agnostic
		},
	['My'] = {																	-- these for long/short reformatting
		['any'] = {'%s %s', 'm', 'y'},											-- dmy/mdy agnostic
		},
	--	['yMd'] = {																-- not supported at en.wiki
	--		['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'},								-- |df=mdy
	--		['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'},								-- |df=dmy
	--		['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'},								-- |df=ymd
	--		},
	}


local function reformatter (date, pattern_idx, format_param, mon_len)
	if not in_array (pattern_idx, {'ymd', 'Mdy', 'Md-dy', 'dMy', 'yMd', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy', 'My-My', 'M-My', 'My'}) then
		return;																	-- not in this set of date format patterns then not a reformattable date
	end
	
	if 'ymd' == format_param and in_array (pattern_idx, {'ymd', 'Md-dy', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy', 'My-My', 'M-My', 'My'}) then
		return;																	-- ymd date ranges not supported at en.wiki; no point in reformatting ymd to ymd
	end

	if in_array (pattern_idx, {'My', 'M-My', 'My-My'}) then						-- these are not dmy/mdy so can't be 'reformatted' into either
		format_param = 'any';													-- so format-agnostic 
	end

																				-- yMd is not supported at en.wiki; when yMd is supported at your wiki, uncomment the next line
	--	if 'yMd' == format_param and in_array (pattern_idx, {'yMd', 'Md-dy', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy'}) then	-- these formats not convertable; yMd not supported at en.wiki
	if 'yMd' == format_param then												-- yMd not supported at en.wiki; when yMd is supported at your wiki, remove or comment-out this line
		return;																	-- not a reformattable date
	end
	
	local c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7;											-- these hold the captures specified in patterns[pattern_idx][1]
	c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7 = mw.ustring.match (date, patterns[pattern_idx][1]);	-- get the captures

	local t = {																	-- table that holds k/v pairs of date parts from the captures and patterns[pattern_idx][2..]
		[patterns[pattern_idx][2]] = c1;										-- at minimum there is always one capture with a matching indicator letter
		[patterns[pattern_idx][3] or 'x'] = c2;									-- patterns can have a variable number of captures; each capture requires an indicator letter;
		[patterns[pattern_idx][4] or 'x'] = c3;									-- where there is no capture, there is no indicator letter so n in patterns[pattern_idx][n] will be nil;
		[patterns[pattern_idx][5] or 'x'] = c4;									-- the 'x' here spoofs an indicator letter to prevent 'table index is nil' error
		[patterns[pattern_idx][6] or 'x'] = c5;
		[patterns[pattern_idx][7] or 'x'] = c6;
		[patterns[pattern_idx][8] or 'x'] = c7;
		};

	if t.a then																	-- if this date has an anchor year capture
		t.y = t.a;																-- use the anchor year capture when reassembling the date
	end

	if tonumber(t.m) then														-- if raw month is a number (converting from ymd)
		if 's' == mon_len then													-- if we are to use abbreviated month names
			t.m = cfg.date_names['inv_local_s'][tonumber(t.m)];					-- convert it to a month name
		else
			t.m = cfg.date_names['inv_local_l'][tonumber(t.m)];					-- convert it to a month name
		end
		t.d = t.d:gsub ('0(%d)', '%1');											-- strip leading '0' from day if present
	elseif 'ymd' == format_param then											-- when converting to ymd
		t.y = t.y:gsub ('%a', '');												-- strip CITREF disambiguator if present; anchor year already known so process can proceed; TODO: maint message?
		if 1582 &gt; tonumber (t.y) then											-- ymd format dates not allowed before 1582
			return;
		end
		t.m = string.format ('%02d', get_month_number (t.m));					-- make sure that month and day are two digits
		t.d = string.format ('%02d', t.d);
	elseif mon_len then															-- if mon_len is set to either 'short' or 'long'
		for _, mon in ipairs ({'m', 'm2'}) do									-- because there can be two month names, check both 
			if t[mon] then
				t[mon] = get_month_number (t[mon]);								-- get the month number for this month (is length agnostic)
				if 0 == t[mon] then return; end									-- seasons and named dates can't be converted
				t[mon] = (('s' == mon_len) and cfg.date_names['inv_local_s'][t[mon]]) or cfg.date_names['inv_local_l'][t[mon]];	-- fetch month name according to length
			end
		end
	end

	local new_date = string.format (re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][1],	-- format string
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][2]],							-- named captures from t{}
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][3]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][4]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][5]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][6]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][7]],
		t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][8]]
		);

	return new_date;
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; R E F O R M A T _ D A T E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Reformats existing dates into the format specified by format.

format is one of several manual keywords: dmy, dmy-all, mdy, mdy-all, ymd, ymd-all.  The -all version includes
access- and archive-dates; otherwise these dates are not reformatted.

This function allows automatic date formatting.  In ~/Configuration, the article source is searched for one of
the {{use xxx dates}} templates.  If found, xxx becomes the global date format as xxx-all.  If |cs1-dates= in
{{use xxx dates}} has legitimate value then that value determines how cs1|2 dates will be rendered.  Legitimate
values for |cs1-dates= are:
	l - all dates are rendered with long month names
	ls - publication dates use long month names; access-/archive-dates use abbreviated month names
	ly - publication dates use long month names; access-/archive-dates rendered in ymd format
	s - all dates are rendered with abbreviated (short) month names
	sy - publication dates use abbreviated month names; access-/archive-dates rendered in ymd format
	y - all dates are rendered in ymd format

the format argument for automatic date formatting will be the format specified by {{use xxx dates}} with the
value supplied by |cs1-dates so one of: xxx-l, xxx-ls, xxx-ly, xxx-s, xxx-sy, xxx-y, or simply xxx (|cs1-dates=
empty, omitted, or invalid) where xxx shall be either of dmy or mdy.

dates are extracted from date_parameters_list, reformatted (if appropriate), and then written back into the
list in the new format.  Dates in date_parameters_list are presumed here to be valid (no errors).  This function
returns true when a date has been reformatted, false else.  Actual reformatting is done by reformatter().

]]

local function reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, format)
	local all = false;															-- set to false to skip access- and archive-dates
	local len_p = 'l';															-- default publication date length shall be long
	local len_a = 'l';															-- default access-/archive-date length shall be long
	local result = false;
	local new_date;																
	
	if format:match('%a+%-all') then											-- manual df keyword; auto df keyword when length not specified in {{use xxx dates}}; 
		format = format:match('(%a+)%-all');									-- extract the format
		all = true;																-- all dates are long format dates because this keyword doesn't specify length
	elseif format:match('%a+%-[lsy][sy]?') then									-- auto df keywords; internal only
		all = true;																-- auto df applies to all dates; use length specified by capture len_p for all dates
		format, len_p, len_a = format:match('(%a+)%-([lsy])([sy]?)');			-- extract the format and length keywords
		if 'y' == len_p then													-- because allowed by MOS:DATEUNIFY (sort of) range dates and My dates not reformatted
			format = 'ymd';														-- override {{use xxx dates}}
		elseif (not is_set(len_a)) or (len_p == len_a) then						-- no access-/archive-date length specified or same length as publication dates then
			len_a = len_p;														-- in case len_a not set
		end
	end																			-- else only publication dates and they are long

	for param_name, param_val in pairs (date_parameters_list) do				-- for each date-holding parameter in the list
		if is_set (param_val.val) then											-- if the parameter has a value
			if not (not all and in_array (param_name, {'access-date', 'archive-date'})) then	-- skip access- or archive-date unless format is xxx-all; yeah, ugly; TODO: find a better way
				for pattern_idx, pattern in pairs (patterns) do
					if mw.ustring.match (param_val.val, pattern[1]) then
						if all and in_array (param_name, {'access-date', 'archive-date'}) then	-- if this date is an access- or archive-date
							new_date = reformatter (param_val.val, pattern_idx, (('y' == len_a) and 'ymd') or format, len_a);	-- choose ymd or dmy/mdy according to len_a setting
						else													-- all other dates
							new_date = reformatter (param_val.val, pattern_idx, format, len_p);
						end
						
						if new_date then										-- set when date was reformatted
							date_parameters_list[param_name].val = new_date;	-- update date in date list
							result = true;										-- and announce that changes have been made
						end
					end	-- if
				end		-- for
			end			-- if
		end				-- if
	end					-- for
	return result;																-- declare boolean result and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E _ H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H &gt;----------------------------------------

Loops through the list of date-holding parameters and converts any hyphen to an ndash.  Not called if the cs1|2
template has any date errors.

Modifies the date_parameters_list and returns true if hyphens are replaced, else returns false.

]]

local function date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list)
	local result = false;
	local n;
	for param_name, param_val in pairs(date_parameters_list) do					-- for each date-holding parameter in the list
		if is_set (param_val.val) and
			not mw.ustring.match (param_val.val, patterns.ymd[1]) then			-- for those that are not ymd dates (ustring because here digits may not be Western)
				param_val.val, n = param_val.val:gsub ('%-', '–');				-- replace any hyphen with ndash
				if 0 ~= n then
					date_parameters_list[param_name].val = param_val.val;		-- update the list
					result = true;
				end
		end
	end
	return result;																-- so we know if any hyphens were replaced
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; D A T E _ N A M E _ X L A T E &gt;------------------------------------------------

Attempts to translate English month names to local-language month names using names supplied by MediaWiki's
date parser function.  This is simple name-for-name replacement and may not work for all languages.

if xlat_dig is true, this function will also translate Western (English) digits to the local language's digits.
This will also translate ymd dates.

]]

local function date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, xlt_dig)
	local xlate;
	local mode;																	-- long or short month names
	local modified = false;
	local date;
	
	for param_name, param_val in pairs(date_parameters_list) do					-- for each date-holding parameter in the list
		if is_set(param_val.val) then											-- if the parameter has a value
			date = param_val.val;
			for month in mw.ustring.gmatch (date, '%a+') do						-- iterate through all dates in the date (single date or date range)
				if cfg.date_names.en.long[month] then
					mode = 'F';													-- English name is long so use long local name
				elseif cfg.date_names.en.short[month] then
					mode = 'M';													-- English name is short so use short local name
				else
					mode = nil;													-- not an English month name; could be local language month name or an English season name
				end
		
				if mode then													-- might be a season
					xlate = lang_object:formatDate(mode, '1' .. month);			-- translate the month name to this local language
					date = mw.ustring.gsub (date, month, xlate);				-- replace the English with the translation
					date_parameters_list[param_name].val = date;				-- save the translated date
					modified = true;
				end
			end

			if xlt_dig then														-- shall we also translate digits?
				date = date:gsub ('%d', cfg.date_names.xlate_digits);			-- translate digits from Western to 'local digits'
				date_parameters_list[param_name].val = date;					-- save the translated date
				modified = true;
			end
		end
	end
	
	return modified;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr)
	add_prop_cat = utilities_page_ptr.add_prop_cat ;							-- import functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module
	is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set;
	in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array;
	set_message = utilities_page_ptr.set_message;
	substitute = utilities_page_ptr.substitute;
	wrap_style = utilities_page_ptr.wrap_style;

	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;														-- import tables from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {																		-- return exported functions
	dates = dates,
	year_date_check = year_date_check,
	reformat_dates = reformat_dates,
	date_hyphen_to_dash = date_hyphen_to_dash,
	date_name_xlate = date_name_xlate,
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules
	}</text>
      <sha1>njr3fclpibq75fkfvzi1njmy7dj4693</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4845</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29150</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-09T13:07:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martorellpedro</username>
        <id>8694</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;-------------------------------------- ]]  local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, set_message, select_one,			-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities 		substitute, make_wikilink;  local z;																		-- table of tables defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities  local cfg;																		-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration   --[[-...&quot;</comment>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="73621" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, set_message, select_one,			-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
		substitute, make_wikilink;

local z;																		-- table of tables defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities

local cfg;																		-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A G E   S C O P E   V A R I A B L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from other modules; that are created here and used here

]]

local auto_link_urls = {};														-- holds identifier URLs for those identifiers that can auto-link |title=


--============================&lt;&lt; H E L P E R   F U N C T I O N S &gt;&gt;============================================

--[[--------------------------&lt; W I K I D A T A _ A R T I C L E _ N A M E _ G E T &gt;----------------------------

as an aid to internationalizing identifier-label wikilinks, gets identifier article names from Wikidata.

returns :&lt;lang code&gt;:&lt;article title&gt; when &lt;q&gt; has an &lt;article title&gt; for &lt;lang code&gt;; nil else

for identifiers that do not have q, returns nil

for wikis that do not have mw.wikibase installed, returns nil

]]

local function wikidata_article_name_get (q)
	if not is_set (q) or (q and not mw.wikibase) then							-- when no q number or when a q number but mw.wikibase not installed on this wiki
		return nil;																-- abandon
	end

	local wd_article;
	local this_wiki_code = cfg.this_wiki_code;									-- Wikipedia subdomain; 'en' for en.wikipedia.org

	wd_article = mw.wikibase.getSitelink (q, this_wiki_code .. 'wiki');			-- fetch article title from WD; nil when no title available at this wiki

	if wd_article then
		wd_article = table.concat ({':', this_wiki_code, ':', wd_article});		-- interwiki-style link without brackets if taken from WD; leading colon required
	end

	return wd_article;															-- article title from WD; nil else
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I N K _ L A B E L _ M A K E &gt;------------------------------------------------

common function to create identifier link label from handler table or from Wikidata

returns the first available of
	1. redirect from local wiki's handler table (if enabled)
	2. Wikidata (if there is a Wikidata entry for this identifier in the local wiki's language)
	3. label specified in the local wiki's handler table
	
]]

local function link_label_make (handler)
	local wd_article;
	
	if not (cfg.use_identifier_redirects and is_set (handler.redirect)) then	-- redirect has priority so if enabled and available don't fetch from Wikidata because expensive
		wd_article = wikidata_article_name_get (handler.q);						-- if Wikidata has an article title for this wiki, get it;
	end
	
	return (cfg.use_identifier_redirects and is_set (handler.redirect) and handler.redirect) or wd_article or handler.link;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T E R N A L _ L I N K _ I D &gt;----------------------------------------------

Formats a wiki-style external link

]]

local function external_link_id (options)
	local url_string = options.id;
	local ext_link;
	local this_wiki_code = cfg.this_wiki_code;									-- Wikipedia subdomain; 'en' for en.wikipedia.org
	local wd_article;															-- article title from Wikidata
	
	if options.encode == true or options.encode == nil then
		url_string = mw.uri.encode (url_string, 'PATH');
	end

	if options.auto_link and is_set (options.access) then
		auto_link_urls[options.auto_link] = table.concat ({options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix});
	end

	ext_link = mw.ustring.format ('[%s%s%s %s]', options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix or &quot;&quot;, mw.text.nowiki (options.id));
	if is_set (options.access) then
		ext_link = substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[options.access].class, cfg.presentation[options.access].title, ext_link});	-- add the free-to-read / paywall lock
	end

	return table.concat	({
		make_wikilink (link_label_make (options), options.label),				-- redirect, Wikidata link, or locally specified link (in that order)
		options.separator or '&amp;nbsp;',
		ext_link
		});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N T E R N A L _ L I N K _ I D &gt;----------------------------------------------

Formats a wiki-style internal link

TODO: Does not currently need to support options.access, options.encode, auto-linking and COinS (as in external_link_id),
but may be needed in the future for :m:Interwiki_map custom-prefixes like :arxiv:, :bibcode:, :DOI:, :hdl:, :ISSN:,
:JSTOR:, :Openlibrary:, :PMID:, :RFC:.

]]

local function internal_link_id (options)
	local id = mw.ustring.gsub (options.id, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits);	-- translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9

	return table.concat (
		{
		make_wikilink (link_label_make (options), options.label),				-- wiki-link the identifier label
		options.separator or '&amp;nbsp;',											-- add the separator
		make_wikilink (
			table.concat (
				{
				options.prefix,
				id,																-- translated to Western digits
				options.suffix or ''
				}),
			substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {'', mw.text.nowiki (options.id)})	-- bdi tags to prevent Latin script identifiers from being reversed at RTL language wikis
			);																	-- nowiki because MediaWiki still has magic links for ISBN and the like; TODO: is it really required?
		});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ E M B A R G O E D &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Determines if a PMC identifier's online version is embargoed. Compares the date in |pmc-embargo-date= against
today's date.  If embargo date is in the future, returns the content of |pmc-embargo-date=; otherwise, returns
an empty string because the embargo has expired or because |pmc-embargo-date= was not set in this cite.

]]

local function is_embargoed (embargo)
	if is_set (embargo) then
		local lang = mw.getContentLanguage();
		local good1, embargo_date, todays_date;
		good1, embargo_date = pcall (lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', embargo);
		todays_date = lang:formatDate ('U');
	
		if good1 then															-- if embargo date is a good date
			if tonumber (embargo_date) &gt;= tonumber (todays_date) then			-- is embargo date is in the future?
				return embargo;													-- still embargoed
			else
				set_message ('maint_pmc_embargo');								-- embargo has expired; add main cat
				return '';														-- unset because embargo has expired
			end
		end
	end
	return '';																	-- |pmc-embargo-date= not set return empty string
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ B I O R X I V _ D A T E &gt;------------------------------------

returns true if:
	2019-12-11T00:00Z &lt;= biorxiv_date &lt; today + 2 days
	
The dated form of biorxiv identifier has a start date of 2019-12-11.  The Unix timestamp for that date is {{#time:U|2019-12-11}} = 1576022400

biorxiv_date is the date provided in those |biorxiv= parameter values that are dated at time 00:00:00 UTC
today is the current date at time 00:00:00 UTC plus 48 hours
	if today is 2015-01-01T00:00:00 then
		adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-02T00:00:00 – one second more than today
		adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-03T00:00:00 – one second more than tomorrow

This function does not work if it is fed month names for languages other than English.  Wikimedia #time: parser
apparently doesn't understand non-English date month names. This function will always return false when the date
contains a non-English month name because good1 is false after the call to lang_object.formatDate().  To get
around that call this function with date parts and create a YYYY-MM-DD format date.

]=]

local function is_valid_biorxiv_date (y, m, d)
	local biorxiv_date = table.concat ({y, m, d}, '-');							-- make ymd date
	local good1, good2;
	local biorxiv_ts, tomorrow_ts;												-- to hold Unix timestamps representing the dates
	local lang_object = mw.getContentLanguage();

	good1, biorxiv_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', biorxiv_date);		-- convert biorxiv_date value to Unix timestamp 
	good2, tomorrow_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', 'today + 2 days' );	-- today midnight + 2 days is one second more than all day tomorrow
	
	if good1 and good2 then														-- lang.formatDate() returns a timestamp in the local script which tonumber() may not understand
		biorxiv_ts = tonumber (biorxiv_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (biorxiv_ts);	-- convert to numbers for the comparison;
		tomorrow_ts = tonumber (tomorrow_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (tomorrow_ts);
	else
		return false;															-- one or both failed to convert to Unix timestamp
	end

	return ((1576022400 &lt;= biorxiv_ts) and (biorxiv_ts &lt; tomorrow_ts))			-- 2012-12-11T00:00Z &lt;= biorxiv_date &lt; tomorrow's date
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

ISBN-10 and ISSN validator code calculates checksum across all ISBN/ISSN digits including the check digit.
ISBN-13 is checked in isbn().

If the number is valid the result will be 0. Before calling this function, ISBN/ISSN must be checked for length
and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-ISxN characters.

]]

local function is_valid_isxn (isxn_str, len)
	local temp = 0;
	isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, len) };										-- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9' → 0x39, 'X' → 0x58
	len = len + 1;																-- adjust to be a loop counter
	for i, v in ipairs (isxn_str) do											-- loop through all of the bytes and calculate the checksum
		if v == string.byte (&quot;X&quot; ) then											-- if checkdigit is X (compares the byte value of 'X' which is 0x58)
			temp = temp + 10 * (len - i);										-- it represents 10 decimal
		else
			temp = temp + tonumber (string.char (v) )*(len-i);
		end
	end
	return temp % 11 == 0;														-- returns true if calculation result is zero
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N _ 1 3 &gt;-----------------------------------------------

ISBN-13 and ISMN validator code calculates checksum across all 13 ISBN/ISMN digits including the check digit.
If the number is valid, the result will be 0. Before calling this function, ISBN-13/ISMN must be checked for length
and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-ISxN-13 characters.

]]

local function is_valid_isxn_13 (isxn_str)
	local temp=0;
	
	isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, 13) };										-- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9' → 0x39
	for i, v in ipairs (isxn_str) do
		temp = temp + (3 - 2*(i % 2)) * tonumber (string.char (v) );			-- multiply odd index digits by 1, even index digits by 3 and sum; includes check digit
	end
	return temp % 10 == 0;														-- sum modulo 10 is zero when ISBN-13/ISMN is correct
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N O R M A L I Z E _ L C C N &gt;--------------------------------------------------

LCCN normalization (http://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn-namespace.html#normalization)
1. Remove all blanks.
2. If there is a forward slash (/) in the string, remove it, and remove all characters to the right of the forward slash.
3. If there is a hyphen in the string:
	a. Remove it.
	b. Inspect the substring following (to the right of) the (removed) hyphen. Then (and assuming that steps 1 and 2 have been carried out):
		1. All these characters should be digits, and there should be six or less. (not done in this function)
		2. If the length of the substring is less than 6, left-fill the substring with zeroes until the length is six.

Returns a normalized LCCN for lccn() to validate.  There is no error checking (step 3.b.1) performed in this function.

]]

local function normalize_lccn (lccn)
	lccn = lccn:gsub (&quot;%s&quot;, &quot;&quot;);												-- 1. strip whitespace

	if nil ~= string.find (lccn, '/') then
		lccn = lccn:match (&quot;(.-)/&quot;);											-- 2. remove forward slash and all character to the right of it
	end

	local prefix
	local suffix
	prefix, suffix = lccn:match (&quot;(.+)%-(.+)&quot;);									-- 3.a remove hyphen by splitting the string into prefix and suffix

	if nil ~= suffix then														-- if there was a hyphen
		suffix = string.rep(&quot;0&quot;, 6-string.len (suffix)) .. suffix;				-- 3.b.2 left fill the suffix with 0s if suffix length less than 6
		lccn = prefix..suffix;													-- reassemble the LCCN
	end
	
	return lccn;
	end


--============================&lt;&lt; I D E N T I F I E R   F U N C T I O N S &gt;&gt;====================================

--[[--------------------------&lt; A R X I V &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

See: http://arxiv.org/help/arxiv_identifier

format and error check arXiv identifier.  There are three valid forms of the identifier:
the first form, valid only between date codes 9107 and 0703, is:
	arXiv:&lt;archive&gt;.&lt;class&gt;/&lt;date code&gt;&lt;number&gt;&lt;version&gt;
where:
	&lt;archive&gt; is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation
	&lt;class&gt; is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation; not the same as |class= parameter which is not supported in this form
	&lt;date code&gt; is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01
		first digit of YY for this form can only 9 and 0
	&lt;number&gt; is a three-digit number
	&lt;version&gt; is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces (undocumented)
	
the second form, valid from April 2007 through December 2014 is:
	arXiv:&lt;date code&gt;.&lt;number&gt;&lt;version&gt;
where:
	&lt;date code&gt; is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01
	&lt;number&gt; is a four-digit number
	&lt;version&gt; is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces

the third form, valid from January 2015 is:
	arXiv:&lt;date code&gt;.&lt;number&gt;&lt;version&gt;
where:
	&lt;date code&gt; and &lt;version&gt; are as defined for 0704-1412
	&lt;number&gt; is a five-digit number

]]

local function arxiv (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local class = options.Class;												-- TODO: lowercase?
	local handler = options.handler;
	local year, month, version;
	local err_msg = false;														-- assume no error message
	local text;																	-- output text
	
	if id:match(&quot;^%a[%a%.%-]+/[90]%d[01]%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or id:match(&quot;^%a[%a%.%-]+/[90]%d[01]%d%d%d%dv%d+$&quot;) then	-- test for the 9107-0703 format with or without version
		year, month = id:match(&quot;^%a[%a%.%-]+/([90]%d)([01]%d)%d%d%d[v%d]*$&quot;);
		year = tonumber (year);
		month = tonumber (month);
		if ((not (90 &lt; year or 8 &gt; year)) or (1 &gt; month or 12 &lt; month)) or		-- if invalid year or invalid month
			((91 == year and 7 &gt; month) or (7 == year and 3 &lt; month)) then		-- if years ok, are starting and ending months ok?
				err_msg = true;													-- flag for error message
		end

	elseif id:match(&quot;^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or id:match(&quot;^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%dv%d+$&quot;) then	-- test for the 0704-1412 with or without version
		year, month = id:match(&quot;^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d[v%d]*$&quot;);
		year = tonumber (year);
		month = tonumber (month);
		if ((7 &gt; year) or (14 &lt; year) or (1 &gt; month or 12 &lt; month)) or			-- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years)
			((7 == year) and (4 &gt; month)) then									-- when year is 07, is month invalid (before April)?
				err_msg = true;													-- flag for error message
		end

	elseif id:match(&quot;^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or id:match(&quot;^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$&quot;) then	-- test for the 1501- format with or without version
		year, month = id:match(&quot;^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d[v%d]*$&quot;);
		year = tonumber (year);
		month = tonumber (month);
		if ((15 &gt; year) or (1 &gt; month or 12 &lt; month)) then						-- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years)
			err_msg = true;														-- flag for error message
		end

	else
		err_msg = true;															-- not a recognized format; flag for error message
	end

	if err_msg then
		options.coins_list_t['ARXIV'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	local err_msg_t = {};
	if err_msg then
		set_message ('err_bad_arxiv');
	end

	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access});

	if is_set (class) then
		if id:match ('^%d+') then
			text = table.concat ({text, ' [[//arxiv.org/archive/', class, ' ', class, ']]'});	-- external link within square brackets, not wikilink
		else
			set_message ('err_class_ignored');
		end
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; B I B C O D E &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

Validates (sort of) and formats a bibcode ID.

Format for bibcodes is specified here: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs_doc/help_pages/data.html#bibcodes

But, this: 2015arXiv151206696F is apparently valid so apparently, the only things that really matter are length, 19 characters
and first four digits must be a year.  This function makes these tests:
	length must be 19 characters
	characters in position
		1–4 must be digits and must represent a year in the range of 1000 – next year
		5 must be a letter
		6–8 must be letter, digit, ampersand, or dot (ampersand cannot directly precede a dot; &amp;. )
		9–18 must be letter, digit, or dot
		19 must be a letter or dot

]]

local function bibcode (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_type;
	local err_msg = '';
	local year;

	local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode,
		access = access});
	
	if 19 ~= id:len() then
		err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.length;
	else
		year = id:match (&quot;^(%d%d%d%d)[%a][%w&amp;%.][%w&amp;%.][%w&amp;%.][%w.]+[%a%.]$&quot;);
		if not year then														-- if nil then no pattern match
			err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.value;									-- so value error
		else
			local next_year = tonumber (os.date ('%Y')) + 1;					-- get the current year as a number and add one for next year
			year = tonumber (year);												-- convert year portion of bibcode to a number
			if (1000 &gt; year) or (year &gt; next_year) then
				err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.year;								-- year out of bounds
			end
			if id:find('&amp;%.') then
				err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.journal;							-- journal abbreviation must not have '&amp;.' (if it does it's missing a letter)
			end
		end
	end

	if is_set (err_type) then													-- if there was an error detected
		set_message ('err_bad_bibcode', {err_type});
		options.coins_list_t['BIBCODE'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS

	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; B I O R X I V &gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------

Format bioRxiv ID and do simple error checking.  Before 2019-12-11, biorXiv IDs were 10.1101/ followed by exactly
6 digits.  After 2019-12-11, biorXiv IDs retained the six-digit identifier but prefixed that with a yyyy.mm.dd. 
date and suffixed with an optional version identifier.

The bioRxiv ID is the string of characters:
	https://doi.org/10.1101/078733 -&gt; 10.1101/078733
or a date followed by a six-digit number followed by an optional version indicator 'v' and one or more digits:
	https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.123456v2 -&gt; 10.1101/2019.12.11.123456v2
	
see https://www.biorxiv.org/about-biorxiv

]]

local function biorxiv (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_msg = true;														-- flag; assume that there will be an error
	
	local patterns = {
		'^10.1101/%d%d%d%d%d%d$',												-- simple 6-digit identifier (before 2019-12-11)
		'^10.1101/(20[1-9]%d)%.([01]%d)%.([0-3]%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$',			-- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier + version (after 2019-12-11)
		'^10.1101/(20[1-9]%d)%.([01]%d)%.([0-3]%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d$',				-- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier (after 2019-12-11)
		}
	
	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do										-- spin through the patterns looking for a match
		if id:match (pattern) then
			local y, m, d = id:match (pattern);									-- found a match, attempt to get year, month and date from the identifier

			if m then															-- m is nil when id is the six-digit form
				if not is_valid_biorxiv_date (y, m, d) then						-- validate the encoded date; TODO: don't ignore leap-year and actual month lengths ({{#time:}} is a poor date validator)
					break;														-- date fail; break out early so we don't unset the error message
				end
			end
			err_msg = nil;														-- we found a match so unset the error message
			break;																-- and done
		end
	end																			-- err_cat remains set here when no match

	if err_msg then
		options.coins_list_t['BIORXIV'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		set_message ('err_bad_biorxiv');										-- and set the error message
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator,
			encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E S E E R X &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

CiteSeerX use their own notion of &quot;doi&quot; (not to be confused with the identifiers resolved via doi.org).

The description of the structure of this identifier can be found at Help_talk:Citation_Style_1/Archive_26#CiteSeerX_id_structure

]]

local function citeseerx (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local matched;

	local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode,
		access = handler.access});
	
	matched = id:match (&quot;^10%.1%.1%.[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%.[1-9]%d?%d?%d?$&quot;);
	if not matched then
		set_message ('err_bad_citeseerx' );
		options.coins_list_t['CITESEERX'] = nil;								-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D O I &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

Formats a DOI and checks for DOI errors.

DOI names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash.
	Prefix: directory indicator '10.' followed by a registrant code
	Suffix: character string of any length chosen by the registrant

This function checks a DOI name for: prefix/suffix.  If the DOI name contains spaces or endashes, or, if it ends
with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_doi error message.

DOI names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for spaces, endash,
and terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely
if ever used in DOI names.

]]

local function doi (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local inactive = options.DoiBroken
	local access = options.access;
	local ignore_invalid = options.accept;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_flag;

	local text;
	if is_set (inactive) then
		local inactive_year = inactive:match(&quot;%d%d%d%d&quot;) or '';					-- try to get the year portion from the inactive date
		local inactive_month, good;

		if is_set (inactive_year) then
			if 4 &lt; inactive:len() then											-- inactive date has more than just a year (could be anything)
				local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage();						-- get a language object for this wiki
				good, inactive_month = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'F', inactive);	-- try to get the month name from the inactive date
				if not good then
					inactive_month = nil;										-- something went wrong so make sure this is unset
				end
			end
		else
			inactive_year = nil;												-- |doi-broken-date= has something but it isn't a date
		end
		
		if is_set (inactive_year) and is_set (inactive_month) then
			set_message ('maint_doi_inactive_dated', {inactive_year, inactive_month, ' '});
		elseif is_set (inactive_year) then
			set_message ('maint_doi_inactive_dated', {inactive_year, '', ''});
		else
			set_message ('maint_doi_inactive');
		end
		inactive = &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['inactive'] .. ' ' .. inactive .. ')';
	end

	local registrant = mw.ustring.match (id, '^10%.([^/]+)/[^%s–]-[^%.,]$');	-- registrant set when DOI has the proper basic form

	local registrant_err_patterns = {											-- these patterns are for code ranges that are not supported 
		'^[^1-3]%d%d%d%d%.%d%d*$',												-- 5 digits with subcode (0xxxx, 40000+); accepts: 10000–39999
		'^[^1-5]%d%d%d%d$',														-- 5 digits without subcode (0xxxx, 60000+); accepts: 10000–59999
		'^[^1-9]%d%d%d%.%d%d*$',												-- 4 digits with subcode (0xxx); accepts: 1000–9999
		'^[^1-9]%d%d%d$',														-- 4 digits without subcode (0xxx); accepts: 1000–9999
		'^%d%d%d%d%d%d+',														-- 6 or more digits
		'^%d%d?%d?$',															-- less than 4 digits without subcode (with subcode is legitimate)
		'^5555$',																-- test registrant will never resolve
		'[^%d%.]',																-- any character that isn't a digit or a dot
		}

	if not ignore_invalid then
		if registrant then														-- when DOI has proper form
			for i, pattern in ipairs (registrant_err_patterns) do				-- spin through error patterns
				if registrant:match (pattern) then								-- to validate registrant codes
					err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_doi');						-- when found, mark this DOI as bad
					break;														-- and done
				end
			end
		else
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_doi');								-- invalid directory or malformed
		end
	else
		set_message ('maint_doi_ignore');
	end

	if err_flag then
		options.coins_list_t['DOI'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access,
		auto_link = not (err_flag or is_set (inactive) or ignore_invalid) and 'doi' or nil -- do not auto-link when |doi-broken-date= has a value or when there is a DOI error or (to play it safe, after all, auto-linking is not essential) when invalid DOIs are ignored
		}) .. (inactive or '');

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H D L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

Formats an HDL with minor error checking.

HDL names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash.
	Prefix: character string using any character in the UCS-2 character set except '/'
	Suffix: character string of any length using any character in the UCS-2 character set chosen by the registrant

This function checks a HDL name for: prefix/suffix.  If the HDL name contains spaces, endashes, or, if it ends
with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_hdl error message.

HDL names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for endashes and
terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely
if ever used in HDLs.

Query string parameters are named here: http://www.handle.net/proxy_servlet.html.  query strings are not displayed
but since '?' is an allowed character in an HDL, '?' followed by one of the query parameters is the only way we
have to detect the query string so that it isn't URL-encoded with the rest of the identifier.

]]

local function hdl (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local query_params = {														-- list of known query parameters from http://www.handle.net/proxy_servlet.html
		'noredirect',
		'ignore_aliases',
		'auth',
		'cert',
		'index',
		'type',
		'urlappend',
		'locatt',
		'action',
		}
	
	local hdl, suffix, param = id:match ('(.-)(%?(%a+).+)$');					-- look for query string
	local found;

	if hdl then																	-- when there are query strings, this is the handle identifier portion
		for _, q in ipairs (query_params) do									-- spin through the list of query parameters
			if param:match ('^' .. q) then										-- if the query string begins with one of the parameters
				found = true;													-- announce a find
				break;															-- and stop looking
			end
		end
	end

	if found then
		id = hdl;																-- found so replace id with the handle portion; this will be URL-encoded, suffix will not
	else
		suffix = '';															-- make sure suffix is empty string for concatenation else
	end

	local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, suffix = suffix, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access})

	if nil == id:match(&quot;^[^%s–]-/[^%s–]-[^%.,]$&quot;) then							-- HDL must contain a forward slash, must not contain spaces, endashes, and must not end with period or comma
		set_message ('err_bad_hdl' );
		options.coins_list_t['HDL'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S B N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Determines whether an ISBN string is valid

]]

local function isbn (options)
	local isbn_str = options.id;
	local ignore_invalid = options.accept;
	local handler = options.handler;

	local function return_result (check, err_type)								-- local function to handle the various returns
		local ISBN = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect,
						prefix = handler.prefix, id = isbn_str, separator = handler.separator});
		if ignore_invalid then													-- if ignoring ISBN errors
			set_message ('maint_isbn_ignore');									-- add a maint category even when there is no error
		else																	-- here when not ignoring
			if not check then													-- and there is an error
				options.coins_list_t['ISBN'] = nil;								-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
				set_message ('err_bad_isbn', err_type);							-- set an error message
				return ISBN;										 			-- return id text
			end
		end
		return ISBN;															-- return id text
	end

	if nil ~= isbn_str:match ('[^%s-0-9X]') then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char);					-- fail if isbn_str contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X
	end

	local id = isbn_str:gsub ('[%s-]', '');										-- remove hyphens and whitespace

	local len = id:len();
 
	if len ~= 10 and len ~= 13 then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.length);					-- fail if incorrect length
	end

	if len == 10 then
		if id:match ('^%d*X?$') == nil then										-- fail if isbn_str has 'X' anywhere but last position
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.form);									
		end
		if not is_valid_isxn (id, 10) then										-- test isbn-10 for numerical validity
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.check);				-- fail if isbn-10 is not numerically valid
		end
		if id:find ('^63[01]') then												-- 630xxxxxxx and 631xxxxxxx are (apparently) not valid isbn group ids but are used by amazon as numeric identifiers (asin)
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.group);				-- fail if isbn-10 begins with 630/1
		end
		return return_result (true, cfg.err_msg_supl.check);					-- pass if isbn-10 is numerically valid
	else
		if id:match ('^%d+$') == nil then
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char);				-- fail if ISBN-13 is not all digits
		end
		if id:match ('^97[89]%d*$') == nil then
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.prefix);				-- fail when ISBN-13 does not begin with 978 or 979
		end
		if id:match ('^9790') then
			return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.group);				-- group identifier '0' is reserved to ISMN
		end
		return return_result (is_valid_isxn_13 (id), cfg.err_msg_supl.check);
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A S I N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Formats a link to Amazon.  Do simple error checking: ASIN must be mix of 10 numeric or uppercase alpha
characters.  If a mix, first character must be uppercase alpha; if all numeric, ASINs must be 10-digit
ISBN. If 10-digit ISBN, add a maintenance category so a bot or AWB script can replace |asin= with |isbn=.
Error message if not 10 characters, if not ISBN-10, if mixed and first character is a digit.

|asin=630....... and |asin=631....... are (apparently) not a legitimate ISBN though it checksums as one; these
do not cause this function to emit the maint_asin message

This function is positioned here because it calls isbn()

]]

local function asin (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local domain = options.ASINTLD;
	
	local err_flag;

	if not id:match(&quot;^[%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u]$&quot;) then
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin');								-- ASIN is not a mix of 10 uppercase alpha and numeric characters
	else
		if id:match(&quot;^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[%dX]$&quot;) then							-- if 10-digit numeric (or 9 digits with terminal X)
			if is_valid_isxn (id, 10) then										-- see if ASIN value is or validates as ISBN-10
				if not id:find ('^63[01]') then									-- 630xxxxxxx and 631xxxxxxx are (apparently) not a valid isbn prefixes but are used by amazon as a numeric identifier
					err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin');					-- ASIN has ISBN-10 form but begins with something other than 630/1 so probably an isbn 
				end
			elseif not is_set (err_flag) then
				err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin');						-- ASIN is not ISBN-10
			end
		elseif not id:match(&quot;^%u[%d%u]+$&quot;) then
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin');							-- asin doesn't begin with uppercase alpha
		end
	end
	if (not is_set (domain)) or in_array (domain, {'us'}) then					-- default: United States
		domain = &quot;com&quot;;
	elseif in_array (domain, {'jp', 'uk'}) then									-- Japan, United Kingdom
		domain = &quot;co.&quot; .. domain;
	elseif in_array (domain, {'z.cn'}) then 									-- China
		domain = &quot;cn&quot;;
	elseif in_array (domain, {'au', 'br', 'mx', 'sg', 'tr'}) then				-- Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Singapore, Turkey
		domain = &quot;com.&quot; .. domain;
	elseif not in_array (domain, {'ae', 'ca', 'cn', 'de', 'es', 'fr', 'in', 'it', 'nl', 'pl', 'sa', 'se', 'co.jp', 'co.uk', 'com', 'com.au', 'com.br', 'com.mx', 'com.sg', 'com.tr'}) then -- Arabic Emirates, Canada, China, Germany, Spain, France, Indonesia, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Sweden (as of 2021-03 Austria (.at), Liechtenstein (.li) and Switzerland (.ch) still redirect to the German site (.de) with special settings, so don't maintain local ASINs for them)
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin_tld');							-- unsupported asin-tld value
	end
	local handler = options.handler;

	if not is_set (err_flag) then
		options.coins_list_t['ASIN'] = handler.prefix .. domain .. &quot;/dp/&quot; .. id;	-- asin for coins
	else
		options.coins_list_t['ASIN'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix .. domain .. &quot;/dp/&quot;,
		id = id, encode = handler.encode, separator = handler.separator})
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S M N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Determines whether an ISMN string is valid.  Similar to ISBN-13, ISMN is 13 digits beginning 979-0-... and uses the
same check digit calculations.  See http://www.ismn-international.org/download/Web_ISMN_Users_Manual_2008-6.pdf
section 2, pages 9–12.

ismn value not made part of COinS metadata because we don't have a url or isn't a COinS-defined identifier (rft.xxx)
or an identifier registered at info-uri.info (info:)

]]

local function ismn (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local text;
	local valid_ismn = true;
	local id_copy;

	id_copy = id;																-- save a copy because this testing is destructive
	id = id:gsub ('[%s-]', '');													-- remove hyphens and white space

	if 13 ~= id:len() or id:match (&quot;^9790%d*$&quot; ) == nil then					-- ISMN must be 13 digits and begin with 9790
		valid_ismn = false;
	else
		valid_ismn=is_valid_isxn_13 (id);										-- validate ISMN
	end

	--	text = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,		-- use this (or external version) when there is some place to link to
	--		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id_copy, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode})

	text = table.concat (														-- because no place to link to yet
		{
		make_wikilink (link_label_make (handler), handler.label),
		handler.separator,
		id_copy
		});

	if false == valid_ismn then
		options.coins_list_t['ISMN'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS; not really necessary here because ismn not made part of COinS
		set_message ('err_bad_ismn');											-- create an error message if the ISMN is invalid
	end 
	
	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S S N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Validate and format an ISSN.  This code fixes the case where an editor has included an ISSN in the citation but
has separated the two groups of four digits with a space.  When that condition occurred, the resulting link looked
like this:

	|issn=0819 4327 gives: [http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0819 4327 0819 4327]	-- can't have spaces in an external link
	
This code now prevents that by inserting a hyphen at the ISSN midpoint.  It also validates the ISSN for length
and makes sure that the checkdigit agrees with the calculated value.  Incorrect length (8 digits), characters
other than 0-9 and X, or checkdigit / calculated value mismatch will all cause a check ISSN error message.  The
ISSN is always displayed with a hyphen, even if the ISSN was given as a single group of 8 digits.

]]

local function issn (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local ignore_invalid = options.accept;

	local issn_copy = id;														-- save a copy of unadulterated ISSN; use this version for display if ISSN does not validate
	local text;
	local valid_issn = true;

	id = id:gsub ('[%s-]', '');													-- remove hyphens and whitespace

	if 8 ~= id:len() or nil == id:match (&quot;^%d*X?$&quot; ) then						-- validate the ISSN: 8 digits long, containing only 0-9 or X in the last position
		valid_issn = false;														-- wrong length or improper character
	else
		valid_issn = is_valid_isxn (id, 8);										-- validate ISSN
	end

	if true == valid_issn then
		id = string.sub (id, 1, 4 ) .. &quot;-&quot; .. string.sub (id, 5 );				-- if valid, display correctly formatted version
	else
		id = issn_copy;															-- if not valid, show the invalid ISSN with error message
	end

	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode})

	if ignore_invalid then
		set_message ('maint_issn_ignore');
	else
		if false == valid_issn then
			options.coins_list_t['ISSN'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
			set_message ('err_bad_issn', (options.hkey == 'EISSN') and 'e' or '');	-- create an error message if the ISSN is invalid
		end 
	end
	
	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; J F M &gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------------

A numerical identifier in the form nn.nnnn.nn

]]

local function jfm (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local id_num;

	id_num = id:match ('^[Jj][Ff][Mm](.*)$');									-- identifier with jfm prefix; extract identifier

	if is_set (id_num) then
		set_message ('maint_jfm_format');
	else																		-- plain number without JFM prefix
		id_num = id;															-- if here id does not have prefix
	end

	if id_num and id_num:match('^%d%d%.%d%d%d%d%.%d%d$') then
		id = id_num;															-- jfm matches pattern
	else
		set_message ('err_bad_jfm' );											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['JFM'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; J S T O R &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

Format a JSTOR with some error checking

]]

local function jstor (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:find ('[Jj][Ss][Tt][Oo][Rr]') or id:find ('^https?://') or id:find ('%s') then
		set_message ('err_bad_jstor');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['JSTOR'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L C C N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Format LCCN link and do simple error checking.  LCCN is a character string 8-12 characters long. The length of
the LCCN dictates the character type of the first 1-3 characters; the rightmost eight are always digits.
http://info-uri.info/registry/OAIHandler?verb=GetRecord&amp;metadataPrefix=reg&amp;identifier=info:lccn/

length = 8 then all digits
length = 9 then lccn[1] is lowercase alpha
length = 10 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both lowercase alpha or both digits
length = 11 then lccn[1] is lower case alpha, lccn[2] and lccn[3] are both lowercase alpha or both digits
length = 12 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both lowercase alpha

]]

local function lccn (options)
	local lccn = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_flag;																-- presume that LCCN is valid
	local id = lccn;															-- local copy of the LCCN

	id = normalize_lccn (id);													-- get canonical form (no whitespace, hyphens, forward slashes)
	local len = id:len();														-- get the length of the LCCN

	if 8 == len then
		if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then												-- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits)
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');							-- set an error message
		end
	elseif 9 == len then														-- LCCN should be adddddddd
		if nil == id:match(&quot;%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) then							-- does it match our pattern?
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');							-- set an error message
		end
	elseif 10 == len then														-- LCCN should be aadddddddd or dddddddddd
		if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then												-- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) ...
			if nil == id:match(&quot;^%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) then					-- ... see if it matches our pattern
				err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');						-- no match, set an error message
			end
		end
	elseif 11 == len then														-- LCCN should be aaadddddddd or adddddddddd
		if not (id:match(&quot;^%l%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) or id:match(&quot;^%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;)) then	-- see if it matches one of our patterns
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');							-- no match, set an error message
		end
	elseif 12 == len then														-- LCCN should be aadddddddddd
		if not id:match(&quot;^%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d&quot;) then						-- see if it matches our pattern
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');							-- no match, set an error message
		end
	else
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');								-- wrong length, set an error message
	end

	if not is_set (err_flag) and nil ~= lccn:find ('%s') then
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn');								-- lccn contains a space, set an error message
	end

	if is_set (err_flag) then
		options.coins_list_t['LCCN'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = lccn, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M R &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------

A seven digit number; if not seven digits, zero-fill leading digits to make seven digits.

]]

local function mr (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local id_num;
	local id_len;

	id_num = id:match ('^[Mm][Rr](%d+)$');										-- identifier with mr prefix

	if is_set (id_num) then
		set_message ('maint_mr_format');										-- add maint cat
	else																		-- plain number without mr prefix
		id_num = id:match ('^%d+$');											-- if here id is all digits
	end

	id_len = id_num and id_num:len() or 0;
	if (7 &gt;= id_len) and (0 ~= id_len) then
		id = string.rep ('0', 7-id_len) .. id_num;								-- zero-fill leading digits
	else
		set_message ('err_bad_mr');												-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['MR'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; O C L C &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Validate and format an OCLC ID.  https://www.oclc.org/batchload/controlnumber.en.html {{dead link}}
archived at: https://web.archive.org/web/20161228233804/https://www.oclc.org/batchload/controlnumber.en.html

]]

local function oclc (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local number;

	if id:match('^ocm%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then									-- ocm prefix and 8 digits; 001 field (12 characters)
		number = id:match('ocm(%d+)');											-- get the number
	elseif id:match('^ocn%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then								-- ocn prefix and 9 digits; 001 field (12 characters)
		number = id:match('ocn(%d+)');											-- get the number
	elseif id:match('^on%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d+$') then							-- on prefix and 10 or more digits; 001 field (12 characters)
		number = id:match('^on(%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d+)$');						-- get the number
	elseif id:match('^%(OCoLC%)[1-9]%d*$') then									-- (OCoLC) prefix and variable number digits; no leading zeros; 035 field
		number = id:match('%(OCoLC%)([1-9]%d*)');								-- get the number
		if 9 &lt; number:len() then
			number = nil;														-- constrain to 1 to 9 digits; change this when OCLC issues 10-digit numbers
		end
	elseif id:match('^%d+$') then												-- no prefix
		number = id;															-- get the number
		if 10 &lt; number:len() then
			number = nil;														-- constrain to 1 to 10 digits; change this when OCLC issues 11-digit numbers
		end
	end

	if number then																-- proper format
		id = number;															-- exclude prefix, if any, from external link
	else
		set_message ('err_bad_oclc')											-- add an error message if the id is malformed
		options.coins_list_t['OCLC'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; O P E N L I B R A R Y &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Formats an OpenLibrary link, and checks for associated errors.

]]

local function openlibrary (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local ident, code = id:gsub('^OL', ''):match(&quot;^(%d+([AMW]))$&quot;);				-- strip optional OL prefix followed immediately by digits followed by 'A', 'M', or 'W';
	local err_flag;
	local prefix = {															-- these are appended to the handler.prefix according to code
		['A']='authors/OL',
		['M']='books/OL',
		['W']='works/OL',
		['X']='OL'																-- not a code; spoof when 'code' in id is invalid
		};

	if not ident then
		code = 'X';																-- no code or id completely invalid
		ident = id;																-- copy id to ident so that we display the flawed identifier
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_ol');
	end

	if not is_set (err_flag) then
		options.coins_list_t['OL'] = handler.prefix .. prefix[code] .. ident;	-- experiment for ol coins
	else
		options.coins_list_t['OL'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix .. prefix[code],
		id = ident, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode,
		access = access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; O S T I &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Format OSTI and do simple error checking. OSTIs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This
code checks the OSTI to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit specified in the configuration;
the value in test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more OSTIs are issued.

NB. 1018 is the lowest OSTI number found in the wild (so far) and resolving OK on the OSTI site

]]

local function osti (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then													-- if OSTI has anything but digits
		set_message ('err_bad_osti');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['OSTI'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	else																		-- OSTI is only digits
		local id_num = tonumber (id);											-- convert id to a number for range testing
		if 1018 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then						-- if OSTI is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_osti');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['OSTI'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P M C &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

Format a PMC, do simple error checking, and check for embargoed articles.

The embargo parameter takes a date for a value. If the embargo date is in the future the PMC identifier will not
be linked to the article.  If the embargo date is today or in the past, or if it is empty or omitted, then the
PMC identifier is linked to the article through the link at cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix.

PMC embargo date testing is done in function is_embargoed () which is called earlier because when the citation
has |pmc=&lt;value&gt; but does not have a |url= then |title= is linked with the PMC link.  Function is_embargoed ()
returns the embargo date if the PMC article is still embargoed, otherwise it returns an empty string.

PMCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This code checks the PMC to see that it contains only digits and is less
than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMCs are issued.

]]

local function pmc (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local embargo = options.Embargo;											-- TODO: lowercase?
	local handler = options.handler;
	local err_flag;
	local id_num;
	local text;

	id_num = id:match ('^[Pp][Mm][Cc](%d+)$');									-- identifier with PMC prefix

	if is_set (id_num) then
		set_message ('maint_pmc_format');
	else																		-- plain number without PMC prefix
		id_num = id:match ('^%d+$');											-- if here id is all digits
	end

	if is_set (id_num) then														-- id_num has a value so test it
		id_num = tonumber (id_num);												-- convert id_num to a number for range testing
		if 1 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then							-- if PMC is outside test limit boundaries
			err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_pmc');								-- set an error message
		else
			id = tostring (id_num);												-- make sure id is a string
		end
	else																		-- when id format incorrect
		err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_pmc');									-- set an error message
	end
	
	if is_set (embargo) and is_set (is_embargoed (embargo)) then				-- is PMC is still embargoed?
		text = table.concat (													-- still embargoed so no external link
			{
			make_wikilink (link_label_make (handler), handler.label),
			handler.separator,
			id,
			});
	else
		text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,	-- no embargo date or embargo has expired, ok to link to article
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access,
			auto_link = not err_flag and 'pmc' or nil							-- do not auto-link when PMC has error
			});
	end

	if err_flag then
		options.coins_list_t['PMC'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P M I D &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Format PMID and do simple error checking.  PMIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This
code checks the PMID to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable
test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMIDs are issued.

]]

local function pmid (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then													-- if PMID has anything but digits
		set_message ('err_bad_pmid');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['PMID'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	else																		-- PMID is only digits
		local id_num = tonumber (id);											-- convert id to a number for range testing
		if 1 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then							-- if PMID is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_pmid');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['PMID'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; R F C &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

Format RFC and do simple error checking. RFCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This
code checks the RFC to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit specified in the configuration;
the value in test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more RFCs are issued.

An index of all RFCs is here: https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/

]]

local function rfc (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:match(&quot;[^%d]&quot;) then													-- if RFC has anything but digits
		set_message ('err_bad_rfc');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['RFC'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	else																		-- RFC is only digits
		local id_num = tonumber (id);											-- convert id to a number for range testing
		if 1 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then							-- if RFC is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_rfc');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['RFC'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S 2 C I D &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

Format an S2CID, do simple error checking

S2CIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up.  This code checks the S2CID to see that it is only
digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically
as more S2CIDs are issued.

]]

local function s2cid (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local access = options.access;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local id_num;
	local text;
	
	id_num = id:match ('^[1-9]%d*$');											-- id must be all digits; must not begin with 0; no open access flag

 	if is_set (id_num) then														-- id_num has a value so test it
		id_num = tonumber (id_num);												-- convert id_num to a number for range testing
		if handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then										-- if S2CID is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_s2cid');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['S2CID'] = nil;								-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	else																		-- when id format incorrect
		set_message ('err_bad_s2cid');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['S2CID'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end

	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access});

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S B N &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------

9-digit form of ISBN-10; uses same check-digit validation when SBN is prefixed with an additional '0' to make 10 digits

sbn value not made part of COinS metadata because we don't have a url or isn't a COinS-defined identifier (rft.xxx)
or an identifier registered at info-uri.info (info:)

]]

local function sbn (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local ignore_invalid = options.accept;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local function return_result (check, err_type)								-- local function to handle the various returns
		local SBN = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect,
						prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator});
		if not ignore_invalid then												-- if not ignoring SBN errors
			if not check then
				options.coins_list_t['SBN'] = nil;								-- when error, unset so not included in COinS; not really necessary here because sbn not made part of COinS
				set_message ('err_bad_sbn', {err_type});						-- display an error message
				return SBN; 
			end
		else
			set_message ('maint_isbn_ignore');									-- add a maint category even when there is no error (ToDo: Possibly switch to separate message for SBNs only)
		end
		return SBN;
	end

	if id:match ('[^%s-0-9X]') then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char);					-- fail if SBN contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X
	end

	local ident = id:gsub ('[%s-]', '');										-- remove hyphens and whitespace; they interfere with the rest of the tests

	if  9 ~= ident:len() then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.length);					-- fail if incorrect length
	end

	if ident:match ('^%d*X?$') == nil then
		return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.form);					-- fail if SBN has 'X' anywhere but last position
	end

	return return_result (is_valid_isxn ('0' .. ident, 10), cfg.err_msg_supl.check);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S S R N &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Format an SSRN, do simple error checking

SSRNs are sequential numbers beginning at 100? and counting up.  This code checks the SSRN to see that it is
only digits and is greater than 99 and less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need
to be updated periodically as more SSRNs are issued.

]]

local function ssrn (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;
	local id_num;
	local text;
	
	id_num = id:match ('^%d+$');												-- id must be all digits

	if is_set (id_num) then														-- id_num has a value so test it
		id_num = tonumber (id_num);												-- convert id_num to a number for range testing
		if 100 &gt; id_num or handler.id_limit &lt; id_num then						-- if SSRN is outside test limit boundaries
			set_message ('err_bad_ssrn');										-- set an error message
			options.coins_list_t['SSRN'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
		end
	else																		-- when id format incorrect
		set_message ('err_bad_ssrn');											-- set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['SSRN'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = options.access});

	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; U S E N E T _ I D &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Validate and format a usenet message id.  Simple error checking, looks for 'id-left@id-right' not enclosed in
'&lt;' and/or '&gt;' angle brackets.

]]

local function usenet_id (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;

	local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
		prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode})
 
	if not id:match('^.+@.+$') or not id:match('^[^&lt;].*[^&gt;]$') then				-- doesn't have '@' or has one or first or last character is '&lt; or '&gt;'
		set_message ('err_bad_usenet_id')										-- add an error message if the message id is invalid
		options.coins_list_t['USENETID'] = nil;									-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end 
	
	return text;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; Z B L &gt;-----------------------------------------------------------------------

A numerical identifier in the form nnnn.nnnnn - leading zeros in the first quartet optional

format described here: http://emis.mi.sanu.ac.rs/ZMATH/zmath/en/help/search/

temporary format is apparently eight digits.  Anything else is an error

]]

local function zbl (options)
	local id = options.id;
	local handler = options.handler;

	if id:match('^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then										-- is this identifier using temporary format?
		set_message ('maint_zbl');												-- yes, add maint cat
	elseif not id:match('^%d?%d?%d?%d%.%d%d%d%d%d$') then						-- not temporary, is it normal format?
		set_message ('err_bad_zbl');											-- no, set an error message
		options.coins_list_t['ZBL'] = nil;										-- when error, unset so not included in COinS
	end
	
	return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect,
			prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode});
end


--============================&lt;&lt; I N T E R F A C E   F U N C T I O N S &gt;&gt;==========================================

--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T R A C T _ I D S &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Populates ID table from arguments using configuration settings. Loops through cfg.id_handlers and searches args for
any of the parameters listed in each cfg.id_handlers['...'].parameters.  If found, adds the parameter and value to
the identifier list.  Emits redundant error message if more than one alias exists in args

]]

local function extract_ids (args)
	local id_list = {};															-- list of identifiers found in args
	for k, v in pairs (cfg.id_handlers) do										-- k is uppercase identifier name as index to cfg.id_handlers; e.g. cfg.id_handlers['ISBN'], v is a table
		v = select_one (args, v.parameters, 'err_redundant_parameters' );		-- v.parameters is a table of aliases for k; here we pick one from args if present
		if is_set (v) then id_list[k] = v; end									-- if found in args, add identifier to our list
	end
	return id_list;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T R A C T _ I D _ A C C E S S _ L E V E L S &gt;--------------------------------------

Fetches custom id access levels from arguments using configuration settings. Parameters which have a predefined access
level (e.g. arxiv) do not use this function as they are directly rendered as free without using an additional parameter.

returns a table of k/v pairs where k is same as the identifier's key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned (valid) keyword

access-level values must match the case used in cfg.keywords_lists['id-access'] (lowercase unless there is some special reason for something else)

]]

local function extract_id_access_levels (args, id_list)
	local id_accesses_list = {};
	for k, v in pairs (cfg.id_handlers) do
		local access_param = v.custom_access;									-- name of identifier's access-level parameter
		if is_set (access_param) then
			local access_level = args[access_param];							-- get the assigned value if there is one
			if is_set (access_level) then
				if not in_array (access_level, cfg.keywords_lists['id-access']) then	-- exact match required
					set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {access_param, access_level});	
					access_level = nil;											-- invalid so unset
				end
				if not is_set (id_list[k]) then									-- identifier access-level must have a matching identifier
					set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {k:lower()});	-- parameter name is uppercase in cfg.id_handlers (k); lowercase for error message
				end
				id_accesses_list[k] = cfg.keywords_xlate[access_level];			-- get translated keyword
			end
		end
	end
	return id_accesses_list;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; B U I L D _ I D _ L I S T &gt;----------------------------------------------------

render the identifiers into a sorted sequence table

&lt;ID_list_coins_t&gt; is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value
&lt;options_t&gt; is a table of various k/v option pairs provided in the call to new_build_id_list();
	modified by	this function and passed to all identifier rendering functions
&lt;access_levels_t&gt; is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value (if valid)

returns a sequence table of sorted (by hkey - 'handler' key) rendered identifier strings

]]

local function build_id_list (ID_list_coins_t, options_t, access_levels_t)
	local ID_list_t = {};
	local accept;
	local func_map = {															--function map points to functions associated with hkey identifier
		['ARXIV'] = arxiv,
		['ASIN'] = asin,
		['BIBCODE'] = bibcode,
		['BIORXIV'] = biorxiv,
		['CITESEERX'] = citeseerx,
		['DOI'] = doi,
		['EISSN'] = issn,
		['HDL'] = hdl,
		['ISBN'] = isbn,
		['ISMN'] = ismn,
		['ISSN'] = issn,
		['JFM'] = jfm,
		['JSTOR'] = jstor,
		['LCCN'] = lccn,
		['MR'] = mr,
		['OCLC'] = oclc,
		['OL'] = openlibrary,
		['OSTI'] = osti,
		['PMC'] = pmc,
		['PMID'] = pmid,
		['RFC']  = rfc,
		['S2CID'] = s2cid,
		['SBN'] = sbn,
		['SSRN'] = ssrn,
		['USENETID'] = usenet_id,
		['ZBL'] = zbl,
		}

	for hkey, v in pairs (ID_list_coins_t) do
		v, accept = has_accept_as_written (v);									-- remove accept-as-written markup if present; accept is boolean true when markup removed; false else
																				-- every function gets the options table with value v and accept boolean
		options_t.hkey = hkey;													-- ~/Configuration handler key
		options_t.id = v;														-- add that identifier value to the options table
		options_t.accept = accept;												-- add the accept boolean flag
		options_t.access = access_levels_t[hkey];								-- add the access level for those that have an |&lt;identifier-access= parameter
		options_t.handler = cfg.id_handlers[hkey];
		options_t.coins_list_t = ID_list_coins_t;								-- pointer to ID_list_coins_t; for |asin= and |ol=; also to keep erroneous values out of the citation's metadata
		options_t.coins_list_t[hkey] = v;										-- id value without accept-as-written markup for metadata
		
		if options_t.handler.access and not in_array (options_t.handler.access, cfg.keywords_lists['id-access']) then
			error (cfg.messages['unknown_ID_access'] .. options_t.handler.access);	-- here when handler access key set to a value not listed in list of allowed id access keywords
		end

		if func_map[hkey] then
			local id_text = func_map[hkey] (options_t);							-- call the function to get identifier text and any error message
			table.insert (ID_list_t, {hkey, id_text});							-- add identifier text to the output sequence table
		else
			error (cfg.messages['unknown_ID_key'] .. hkey);						-- here when func_map doesn't have a function for hkey
		end
	end

	local function comp (a, b)													-- used by following table.sort()
		return a[1]:lower() &lt; b[1]:lower();										-- sort by hkey
	end

	table.sort (ID_list_t, comp);												-- sequence table of tables sort	
	for k, v in ipairs (ID_list_t) do											-- convert sequence table of tables to simple sequence table of strings
		ID_list_t[k] = v[2];													-- v[2] is the identifier rendering from the call to the various functions in func_map{}
	end
	
	return ID_list_t;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; O P T I O N S _ C H E C K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

check that certain option parameters have their associated identifier parameters with values

&lt;ID_list_coins_t&gt; is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value
&lt;ID_support_t&gt; is a sequence table of tables created in citation0() where each subtable has four elements:
	[1] is the support parameter's assigned value; empty string if not set
	[2] is a text string same as key in cfg.id_handlers
	[3] is cfg.error_conditions key used to create error message
	[4] is original ID support parameter name used to create error message
	
returns nothing; on error emits an appropriate error message

]]

local function options_check (ID_list_coins_t, ID_support_t)
	for _, v in ipairs (ID_support_t) do
		if is_set (v[1]) and not ID_list_coins_t[v[2]] then						-- when support parameter has a value but matching identifier parameter is missing or empty
			set_message (v[3], (v[4]));											-- emit the appropriate error message
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I D E N T I F I E R _ L I S T S _ G E T &gt;--------------------------------------

Creates two identifier lists: a k/v table of identifiers and their values to be used locally and for use in the
COinS metadata, and a sequence table of the rendered identifier strings that will be included in the rendered
citation.

]]

local function identifier_lists_get (args_t, options_t, ID_support_t)
	local ID_list_coins_t = extract_ids (args_t);										-- get a table of identifiers and their values for use locally and for use in COinS
	options_check (ID_list_coins_t, ID_support_t);										-- ID support parameters must have matching identifier parameters 
	local ID_access_levels_t = extract_id_access_levels (args_t, ID_list_coins_t);		-- get a table of identifier access levels
	local ID_list_t = build_id_list (ID_list_coins_t, options_t, ID_access_levels_t);	-- get a sequence table of rendered identifier strings

	return ID_list_t, ID_list_coins_t;											-- return the tables
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local cfg table and imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr)
	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;

	has_accept_as_written = utilities_page_ptr.has_accept_as_written;			-- import functions from select Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module
	is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set;								
	in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array;
	set_message = utilities_page_ptr.set_message;
	select_one = utilities_page_ptr.select_one;
	substitute = utilities_page_ptr.substitute;
	make_wikilink = utilities_page_ptr.make_wikilink;

	z = utilities_page_ptr.z;													-- table of tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	auto_link_urls = auto_link_urls,											-- table of identifier URLs to be used when auto-linking |title=
	
	identifier_lists_get = identifier_lists_get,								-- experiment to replace individual calls to build_id_list(), extract_ids, extract_id_access_levels
	is_embargoed = is_embargoed;
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules;
	}</text>
      <sha1>1s53aqur5zcnnjyu0azfrtjq6dyiwg4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/COinS</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4846</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29151</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-09T13:08:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martorellpedro</username>
        <id>8694</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;-------------------------------------- ]]  local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, remove_wiki_link, strip_apostrophe_markup;	-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities  local cfg;																		-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration   --[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ C O I N S _ T I T L E &gt;----------------------------------------...&quot;</comment>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="16454" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, remove_wiki_link, strip_apostrophe_markup;	-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities

local cfg;																		-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ C O I N S _ T I T L E &gt;----------------------------------------------

Makes a title for COinS from Title and / or ScriptTitle (or any other name-script pairs)

Apostrophe markup (bold, italics) is stripped from each value so that the COinS metadata isn't corrupted with strings
of %27%27...

]]

local function make_coins_title (title, script)
	title = has_accept_as_written (title);
	if is_set (title) then
		title = strip_apostrophe_markup (title);								-- strip any apostrophe markup
	else
		title = '';																-- if not set, make sure title is an empty string
	end
	if is_set (script) then
		script = script:gsub ('^%l%l%s*:%s*', '');								-- remove language prefix if present (script value may now be empty string)
		script = strip_apostrophe_markup (script);								-- strip any apostrophe markup
	else
		script = '';															-- if not set, make sure script is an empty string
	end
	if is_set (title) and is_set (script) then
		script = ' ' .. script;													-- add a space before we concatenate
	end
	return title .. script;														-- return the concatenation
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E S C A P E _ L U A _ M A G I C _ C H A R S &gt;----------------------------------

Returns a string where all of Lua's magic characters have been escaped.  This is important because functions like
string.gsub() treat their pattern and replace strings as patterns, not literal strings.
]]

local function escape_lua_magic_chars (argument)
	argument = argument:gsub(&quot;%%&quot;, &quot;%%%%&quot;);										-- replace % with %%
	argument = argument:gsub(&quot;([%^%$%(%)%.%[%]%*%+%-%?])&quot;, &quot;%%%1&quot;);				-- replace all other Lua magic pattern characters
	return argument;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; G E T _ C O I N S _ P A G E S &gt;------------------------------------------------

Extract page numbers from external wikilinks in any of the |page=, |pages=, or |at= parameters for use in COinS.

]]

local function get_coins_pages (pages)
	local pattern;
	if not is_set (pages) then return pages; end								-- if no page numbers then we're done
	
	while true do
		pattern = pages:match(&quot;%[(%w*:?//[^ ]+%s+)[%w%d].*%]&quot;);					-- pattern is the opening bracket, the URL and following space(s): &quot;[url &quot;
		if nil == pattern then break; end										-- no more URLs
		pattern = escape_lua_magic_chars (pattern);								-- pattern is not a literal string; escape Lua's magic pattern characters
		pages = pages:gsub(pattern, &quot;&quot;);										-- remove as many instances of pattern as possible
	end
	pages = pages:gsub(&quot;[%[%]]&quot;, &quot;&quot;);											-- remove the brackets
	pages = pages:gsub(&quot;–&quot;, &quot;-&quot; );												-- replace endashes with hyphens
	pages = pages:gsub(&quot;&amp;%w+;&quot;, &quot;-&quot; );											-- and replace HTML entities (&amp;ndash; etc.) with hyphens; do we need to replace numerical entities like &amp;#32; and the like?
	return pages;
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; C O I N S _ R E P L A C E _ M A T H _ S T R I P M A R K E R &gt;------------------

There are three options for math markup rendering that depend on the editor's math preference settings.  These
settings are at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering]] and are
	PNG images
	TeX source
	MathML with SVG or PNG fallback

All three are heavy with HTML and CSS which doesn't belong in the metadata.

Without this function, the metadata saved in the raw wikitext contained the rendering determined by the settings
of the last editor to save the page.

This function gets the rendered form of an equation according to the editor's preference before the page is saved.  It
then searches the rendering for the text equivalent of the rendered equation and replaces the rendering with that so
that the page is saved without extraneous HTML/CSS markup and with a reasonably readable text form of the equation.

When a replacement is made, this function returns true and the value with replacement; otherwise false and the initial
value.  To replace multipe equations it is necessary to call this function from within a loop.

]=]

local function coins_replace_math_stripmarker (value)
	local stripmarker = cfg.stripmarkers['math'];
	local rendering = value:match (stripmarker);								-- is there a math stripmarker

	if not rendering then														-- when value doesn't have a math stripmarker, abandon this test
		return false, value;
	end
	
	rendering = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (rendering);								-- convert stripmarker into rendered value (or nil? ''? when math render error)
	
	if rendering:match ('alt=&quot;[^&quot;]+&quot;') then										-- if PNG math option
		rendering = rendering:match ('alt=&quot;([^&quot;]+)&quot;');							-- extract just the math text
	elseif rendering:match ('$%s+.+%s+%$') then									-- if TeX math option; $ is legit character that is escapes as \$
		rendering = rendering:match ('$%s+(.+)%s+%$')							-- extract just the math text
	elseif rendering:match ('&lt;annotation[^&gt;]+&gt;.+&lt;/annotation&gt;') then			-- if MathML math option
		rendering = rendering:match ('&lt;annotation[^&gt;]+&gt;(.+)&lt;/annotation&gt;')		-- extract just the math text
	else
		return false, value;													-- had math stripmarker but not one of the three defined forms
	end
	
	return true, value:gsub (stripmarker, rendering, 1);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C O I N S _ C L E A N U P &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Cleanup parameter values for the metadata by removing or replacing invisible characters and certain HTML entities.

2015-12-10: there is a bug in mw.text.unstripNoWiki ().  It replaces math stripmarkers with the appropriate content
when it shouldn't.  See https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121085 and Wikipedia_talk:Lua#stripmarkers_and_mw.text.unstripNoWiki.28.29

TODO: move the replacement patterns and replacement values into a table in /Configuration similar to the invisible
characters table?

]]

local function coins_cleanup (value)
	local replaced = true;														-- default state to get the do loop running

	while replaced do															-- loop until all math stripmarkers replaced
		replaced, value = coins_replace_math_stripmarker (value);				-- replace math stripmarker with text representation of the equation
	end

	value = value:gsub (cfg.stripmarkers['math'], &quot;MATH RENDER ERROR&quot;);			-- one or more couldn't be replaced; insert vague error message
	
	value = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (value);										-- replace nowiki stripmarkers with their content
	value = value:gsub ('&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; style=&quot;padding%-left:0%.1em;&quot;&gt;&amp;#39;(s?)&lt;/span&gt;', &quot;'%1&quot;);	-- replace {{'}} or {{'s}} with simple apostrophe or apostrophe-s
	value = value:gsub ('&amp;nbsp;', ' ');											-- replace &amp;nbsp; entity with plain space
	value = value:gsub ('\226\128\138', ' ');									-- replace hair space with plain space
	if not mw.ustring.find (value, cfg.indic_script) then						-- don't remove zero-width joiner characters from indic script
		value = value:gsub ('&amp;zwj;', '');										-- remove &amp;zwj; entities
		value = mw.ustring.gsub (value, '[\226\128\141\226\128\139\194\173]', '');	-- remove zero-width joiner, zero-width space, soft hyphen
	end
	value = value:gsub ('[\009\010\013 ]+', ' ');								-- replace horizontal tab, line feed, carriage return with plain space
	return value;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C O I N S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------

COinS metadata (see &lt;http://ocoins.info/&gt;) allows automated tools to parse the citation information.

]]

local function COinS(data, class)
	if 'table' ~= type(data) or nil == next(data) then
		return '';
	end

	for k, v in pairs (data) do													-- spin through all of the metadata parameter values
		if 'ID_list' ~= k and 'Authors' ~= k then								-- except the ID_list and Author tables (author nowiki stripmarker done when Author table processed)
			data[k] = coins_cleanup (v);
		end
	end

	local ctx_ver = &quot;Z39.88-2004&quot;;
	
	-- treat table strictly as an array with only set values.
	local OCinSoutput = setmetatable( {}, {
		__newindex = function(self, key, value)
			if is_set(value) then
				rawset( self, #self+1, table.concat{ key, '=', mw.uri.encode( remove_wiki_link( value ) ) } );
			end
		end
	});
	
	if in_array (class, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'ssrn', 'journal', 'news', 'magazine'}) or (in_array (class, {'conference', 'interview', 'map', 'press release', 'web'}) and is_set(data.Periodical)) or 
		('citation' == class and is_set(data.Periodical) and not is_set (data.Encyclopedia)) then
			OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&quot;;			-- journal metadata identifier
			if in_array (class, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'ssrn'}) then	-- set genre according to the type of citation template we are rendering
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;preprint&quot;;							-- cite arxiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite ssrn
			elseif 'conference' == class then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;conference&quot;;						-- cite conference (when Periodical set)
			elseif 'web' == class then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;unknown&quot;;							-- cite web (when Periodical set)
			else
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;article&quot;;							-- journal and other 'periodical' articles
			end
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.jtitle&quot;] = data.Periodical;						-- journal only
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.atitle&quot;] = data.Title;								-- 'periodical' article titles

																				-- these used only for periodicals
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.ssn&quot;] = data.Season;								-- keywords: winter, spring, summer, fall
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.quarter&quot;] = data.Quarter;							-- single digits 1-&gt;first quarter, etc.
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.chron&quot;] = data.Chron;								-- free-form date components
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.volume&quot;] = data.Volume;							-- does not apply to books
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.issue&quot;] = data.Issue;
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.pages&quot;] = data.Pages;								-- also used in book metadata

	elseif 'thesis' ~= class then												-- all others except cite thesis are treated as 'book' metadata; genre distinguishes
		OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&quot;;					-- book metadata identifier
		if 'report' == class or 'techreport' == class then						-- cite report and cite techreport
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;report&quot;;
		elseif 'conference' == class then										-- cite conference when Periodical not set
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;conference&quot;;
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.atitle&quot;] = data.Chapter;							-- conference paper as chapter in proceedings (book)
		elseif in_array (class, {'book', 'citation', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'map'}) then
			if is_set (data.Chapter) then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;bookitem&quot;;
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.atitle&quot;] = data.Chapter;						-- book chapter, encyclopedia article, interview in a book, or map title
			else
				if 'map' == class or 'interview' == class then
					OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = 'unknown';						-- standalone map or interview
				else
					OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = 'book';							-- book and encyclopedia
				end
			end
		else	-- {'audio-visual', 'AV-media-notes', 'DVD-notes', 'episode', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'press release', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech', 'web'}
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.genre&quot;] = &quot;unknown&quot;;
		end
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.btitle&quot;] = data.Title;									-- book only
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.place&quot;] = data.PublicationPlace;						-- book only
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.series&quot;] = data.Series;								-- book only
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.pages&quot;] = data.Pages;									-- book, journal
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.edition&quot;] = data.Edition;								-- book only
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.pub&quot;] = data.PublisherName;							-- book and dissertation
		
	else																		-- cite thesis
		OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&quot;;			-- dissertation metadata identifier
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.title&quot;] = data.Title;									-- dissertation (also patent but that is not yet supported)
		OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.degree&quot;] = data.Degree;								-- dissertation only
		OCinSoutput['rft.inst'] = data.PublisherName;							-- book and dissertation
	end
	-- NB. Not currently supported are &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&quot;, &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dc&quot;, &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:sch_svc&quot;, &quot;info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&quot;
																				-- and now common parameters (as much as possible)
	OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.date&quot;] = data.Date;										-- book, journal, dissertation

	for k, v in pairs( data.ID_list ) do										-- what to do about these? For now assume that they are common to all?
		if k == 'ISBN' then v = v:gsub( &quot;[^-0-9X]&quot;, &quot;&quot; ); end
		local id = cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS;
		if string.sub( id or &quot;&quot;, 1, 4 ) == 'info' then							-- for ids that are in the info:registry
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft_id&quot;] = table.concat{ id, &quot;/&quot;, v };
		elseif string.sub (id or &quot;&quot;, 1, 3 ) == 'rft' then						-- for isbn, issn, eissn, etc. that have defined COinS keywords
			OCinSoutput[ id ] = v;
		elseif 'url' == id then													-- for urls that are assembled in ~/Identifiers; |asin= and |ol=
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft_id&quot;] = table.concat ({data.ID_list[k], &quot;#id-name=&quot;, cfg.id_handlers[k].label});
		elseif id then															-- when cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS is not nil so urls created here
			OCinSoutput[&quot;rft_id&quot;] = table.concat{ cfg.id_handlers[k].prefix, v, cfg.id_handlers[k].suffix or '', &quot;#id-name=&quot;, cfg.id_handlers[k].label };	-- others; provide a URL and indicate identifier name as #fragment (human-readable, but transparent to browsers)
		end
	end

	local last, first;
	for k, v in ipairs( data.Authors ) do
		last, first = coins_cleanup (v.last), coins_cleanup (v.first or '');	-- replace any nowiki stripmarkers, non-printing or invisible characters
		if k == 1 then															-- for the first author name only
			if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then								-- set these COinS values if |first= and |last= specify the first author name
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.aulast&quot;] = last;								-- book, journal, dissertation
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.aufirst&quot;] = first;								-- book, journal, dissertation
			elseif is_set(last) then 
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.au&quot;] = last;									-- book, journal, dissertation -- otherwise use this form for the first name
			end
		else																	-- for all other authors
			if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.au&quot;] = table.concat{ last, &quot;, &quot;, first };		-- book, journal, dissertation
			elseif is_set(last) then
				OCinSoutput[&quot;rft.au&quot;] = last;									-- book, journal, dissertation
			end
			-- TODO: At present we do not report &quot;et al.&quot;. Add anything special if this condition applies?
		end
	end

	OCinSoutput.rft_id = data.URL;
	OCinSoutput.rfr_id = table.concat{ &quot;info:sid/&quot;, mw.site.server:match( &quot;[^/]*$&quot; ), &quot;:&quot;, data.RawPage };

	-- TODO: Add optional extra info:
	-- rfr_dat=#REVISION&lt;version&gt; (referrer private data)
	-- ctx_id=&lt;data.RawPage&gt;#&lt;ref&gt; (identifier for the context object)
	-- ctx_tim=&lt;ts&gt; (timestamp in format yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ssTZD or yyyy-mm-dd)
	-- ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8 (character encoding)
	
	OCinSoutput = setmetatable( OCinSoutput, nil );

	-- sort with version string always first, and combine.
	-- table.sort( OCinSoutput );
	table.insert( OCinSoutput, 1, &quot;ctx_ver=&quot; .. ctx_ver ); -- such as &quot;Z39.88-2004&quot;
	return table.concat(OCinSoutput, &quot;&amp;&quot;);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local cfg table and imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr)
	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;

	has_accept_as_written = utilities_page_ptr.has_accept_as_written;			-- import functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module
	is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set;
	in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array;
	remove_wiki_link = utilities_page_ptr.remove_wiki_link;
	strip_apostrophe_markup = utilities_page_ptr.strip_apostrophe_markup;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	make_coins_title = make_coins_title,
	get_coins_pages = get_coins_pages,
	COinS = COinS,
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules,
	}</text>
      <sha1>9vyk9pk52t1pp4siilcbluanw9m1ekz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:No globals</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4847</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29153</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-09T13:09:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Martorellpedro</username>
        <id>8694</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;local mt = getmetatable(_G) or {} function mt.__index (t, k) 	if k ~= 'arg' then 		error('Tried to read nil global ' .. tostring(k), 2) 	end 	return nil end function mt.__newindex(t, k, v) 	if k ~= 'arg' then 		error('Tried to write global ' .. tostring(k), 2) 	end 	rawset(t, k, v) end setmetatable(_G, mt)&quot;</comment>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="307" xml:space="preserve">local mt = getmetatable(_G) or {}
function mt.__index (t, k)
	if k ~= 'arg' then
		error('Tried to read nil global ' .. tostring(k), 2)
	end
	return nil
end
function mt.__newindex(t, k, v)
	if k ~= 'arg' then
		error('Tried to write global ' .. tostring(k), 2)
	end
	rawset(t, k, v)
end
setmetatable(_G, mt)</text>
      <sha1>gggsv54pq7f94l3up48hr91qtxnskdm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཉི་མ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4848</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29191</id>
      <parentid>29174</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-04-30T05:39:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>7063</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="154" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Izgrew.jpg|thumb|ཉི་མ]]
'''ཉི་མ''' ༺རྟགས༔ [[file:sun symbol (bold).svg|20px|☉]]༻
[[Category:གནམ་རིག]]</text>
      <sha1>86kf53xmm3vv31ti25npsxjtrwog3sj</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>ཟླ་བ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4849</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29173</id>
      <parentid>29157</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-04-10T08:49:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>7063</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="172" xml:space="preserve">[[file:FullMoon2010.jpg|thumb|ཟླ་བ]]
'''ཟླ་བ''' ༺རྟགས༔ [[file:moon decrescent symbol (bold).svg|20px|☾]]༻
[[Category:གནམ་རིག]]</text>
      <sha1>p44nvgwzulky0vs6xbln7gqjcyoli6z</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>པ་སངས</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4850</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29175</id>
      <parentid>29165</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-04-10T08:49:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>7063</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="186" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Venus from Mariner 10.jpg|thumb|པ་སངས]]
གཟའ'''པ་སངས''' ༺རྟགས༔ [[file:Venus symbol (bold).svg|20px|♀]]༻
[[Category:གནམ་རིག]]</text>
      <sha1>5cqqg9plguyvoz87rweprfv0uj9yqlu</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>མིག་དམར</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4851</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29171</id>
      <parentid>29163</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-04-10T08:49:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>7063</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="198" xml:space="preserve">[[File:OSIRIS Mars true color.jpg|thumb|མིག་དམར]]
གཟའ'''མིག་དམར''' ༺རྟགས༔ [[file:Mars symbol (bold).svg|20px|♂]]༻
[[Category:གནམ་རིག]]</text>
      <sha1>0dlufrpcccxk2q9rhs0oa1qnpqgssgb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>འཛམ་གླིང</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4852</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29323</id>
      <parentid>29322</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-07-25T20:31:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>7063</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="225" xml:space="preserve">[[File:The Blue Marble (remastered).jpg|thumb|འཛམ་གླིང]]
གཟའ'''འཛམ་གླིང'''༔ '''ས''' ༺རྟགས༔ [[file:Earth symbol (bold).svg|20px|🜨]]༻
[[Category:གནམ་རིག]]</text>
      <sha1>gj8curb0y0yc6pde8dwie03c0hrltpd</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ཕུར་པུ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4853</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29169</id>
      <parentid>29168</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-04-10T08:48:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>7063</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="212" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Jupiter and its shrunken Great Red Spot.jpg|thumb|ཕུར་པུ]]
གཟའ'''ཕུར་པུ''' ༺རྟགས༔ [[file:Jupiter symbol (bold).svg|20px|♃]]༻
[[Category:གནམ་རིག]]</text>
      <sha1>ofc2avty5gi6qfliio66o6m20xx2gch</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>སྤེན་པ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4854</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29170</id>
      <parentid>29164</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-04-10T08:49:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>7063</id>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="193" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Saturn during Equinox.jpg|thumb|སྤེན་པ]]
གཟའ'''སྤེན་པ''' ༺རྟགས༔ [[file:Saturn symbol (bold).svg|20px|♄]]༻
[[Category:གནམ་རིག]]</text>
      <sha1>qdcujzzixbthi0fhrhl16ni2o73c9gs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>མར་ཀུ་རི</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4855</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29176</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-10T08:53:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>7063</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:Mercury in true color.jpg|thumb|མར་ཀུ་རི]] གཟའ'''མར་ཀུ་རི''' ༺རྟགས༔ [[file:Mercury symbol (bold).svg|20px|☿]]༻ [[Category:གནམ་རིག]]&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="206" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Mercury in true color.jpg|thumb|མར་ཀུ་རི]]
གཟའ'''མར་ཀུ་རི''' ༺རྟགས༔ [[file:Mercury symbol (bold).svg|20px|☿]]༻
[[Category:གནམ་རིག]]</text>
      <sha1>kafbn5gaxwmcm8eaqtz4mtqdlflnwlu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཡུ་ར་ནཱས</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4856</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29177</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-10T08:57:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>7063</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:Uranus true colour.jpg|thumb|ཡུ་ར་ནཱས]] གཟའ'''ཡུ་ར་ནཱས''' ༺རྟགས༔ [[file:Uranus symbol (bold).svg|20px|⛢]]༻ [[Category:གནམ་རིག]]&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="202" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Uranus true colour.jpg|thumb|ཡུ་ར་ནཱས]]
གཟའ'''ཡུ་ར་ནཱས''' ༺རྟགས༔ [[file:Uranus symbol (bold).svg|20px|⛢]]༻
[[Category:གནམ་རིག]]</text>
      <sha1>sf0dw2fxofdp7jv20xb38bden8zrv1a</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>ནེཔ་ཊུན</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4857</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29178</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-10T09:00:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kwamikagami</username>
        <id>7063</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;[[File:Neptune - Voyager 2 (29347980845) flatten crop.jpg|thumb|ནེཔ་ཊུན]] གཟའ'''ནེཔ་ཊུན''' ༺རྟགས༔ [[file:Neptune symbol (bold).svg|20px|♆]]༻ [[Category:གནམ་རིག]]&quot;</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="225" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Neptune - Voyager 2 (29347980845) flatten crop.jpg|thumb|ནེཔ་ཊུན]]
གཟའ'''ནེཔ་ཊུན''' ༺རྟགས༔ [[file:Neptune symbol (bold).svg|20px|♆]]༻
[[Category:གནམ་རིག]]</text>
      <sha1>3pw6r49veghqokjnf8bxps059y8gtkq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>བྱི་ལི</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4859</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29181</id>
      <timestamp>2022-04-15T20:21:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>礥濮鷽纞</username>
        <id>8977</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>བྱི་ལི</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2620" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt; 
[[File:Cat_poster_2.jpg|250px|thumb|བྱི་ལི]]

===ཤ་ཟའི་སེམས་ཅན་བརྐུ་གསོད===

*ཚལ་མ་དང་རྡོ་ཕུང་གི་རྒྱབ་ལས་བལྟཝ་ད་ མི་མཐོང་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་དཔྱལཝ་ལེབ་ཏག་
ཏ་དང་རྣམ་ཅོ་ཐུང་ཀུ།

===ཉེན་ཁ===
*ཁོང་གི་གཟུགས་ཀྱི་ཡན་ལག་གི་དོན་ལུ་བསདཔ་ཨིན།
*དུག་ ཟ་བའི་སྲོག་ཆགས་ངོ་མ་(མི་གི་ལོ་ཐོག་ལུ་གནོད་པའི་སྲོག་ཆགས་སྦེ་བརྩིཝ་ཨིན།)
*འཁྱམས་ས་ཉམས་མི་དེ་ཡང་མི་རིགས་ཀྱི་ལཱ་རིགས་ལས་བརྟེན་ཨིན།
*སྒོ་ཁའི་ཁྱི་ཚུ་གིས་བསདཔ་ཨིན།

===གཟུགས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་པ===
རི་ཁའི་བྱི་ལི་ཚུ་ སྦོམ་ཆུང་སྒོ་ཁའི་བྱི་ལི་བཟུམ་སྦེ་ཡོད་རུང་ སྤུ་རིངམོ་སྦེ་སྟུག་དྲག་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སྦོམ་སུ་སྦེ་མཐོངམ་ཨིན།

=== ལྟ ===
རི་ཁའི་བྱི་ལི་ཚུ་གིས་འཁྱམས་ས་གདམ་ཁ་རྐྱབ་ཨིན།ཟ་བའི་སེམས་ཅན་ལེ་ཤ་ཡོད།

===འཁྱམས་ས===
*ེ་ཤི་ཡ་དབུས་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་གངས་རི་དང་སྤང་ཤོང་།
*མི་ཀྲར་༥༠༠༠ / ཕིཏྲ་༡༦༠༠ཚུན་ཚོད།

===གཡིབས་ས===
རི་ཁའི་བྱི་ལི་ཚུ་ ཕྱག་ཕུག་དང་ས་དོང་ནང་གཡིབས་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན།

===བྱ་སྤྱོད===
*བག་ཕེབས་ཏོག་ཏོ་དང་གསང་བྱ་ཅན།
*ཉིན་མ་དང་ནུབ་མོ་ཧུར་རི་རི།
*བྱག་ཕུག་དང་ས་དོང་ཚུ་ནང་སྡོདཔ་ཨིན།
*ཕྱུག་གུ་གི་སྦོམ་ཚད: ཕྱུག་གུ་༢-༦།(སྤྱི་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ་ – ལྔ་པའི་ནང་ཚརཝ་ཨིན)

&lt;/big&gt; 

== ཁུངས་གཏུག། ==

{{stub}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ཟླ་བ་དང་པའི་ལོ་གསར་ངལ་གསོ།</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4860</id>
    <revision>
      <id>29193</id>
      <timestamp>2022-05-04T16:47:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NThinley</username>
        <id>8965</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;ལོ་བསྟར་ཟླ་བ་དང་པའི་ཚེས་གཅིག་ལུ་ ལོ་གསར་སྦེ་བརྩི་དགོ་པའི་ཁུངས་དང་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ནི་ ལོ་འཁོར་གཅིག་ལུ་ ནམ་ཟླ་དུས་བཞི་བརྩི་ནི་ཡོད་མི་ལས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་འབྲུག་ལུགས་ལས་ཟླ་བ་དང...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="8614" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ལོ་བསྟར་ཟླ་བ་དང་པའི་ཚེས་གཅིག་ལུ་ ལོ་གསར་སྦེ་བརྩི་དགོ་པའི་ཁུངས་དང་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ནི་ ལོ་འཁོར་གཅིག་ལུ་ ནམ་ཟླ་དུས་བཞི་བརྩི་ནི་ཡོད་མི་ལས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་འབྲུག་ལུགས་ལས་ཟླ་བ་དང་པ་འདི་ལུ་ སྐར་རྩིས་ཀྱི་དགུན་ཟླ་ཐ་ཆུང་། འབྱུང་རྩིས་པའི་ལུགས་ལས་དཔྱིད་ཟླ་ཐ་ཆུང་། དུས་འཁོར་དང་གསོ་དཔྱད་པ་ཚུ་གི་དཔྱིད་ཟླ་ར་བ་ སྐར་མ་མཆུ་ཡིས་ཉ་བའི་ཟླ་བ་ (ཚེས་བཅོ་ལྔ་ལུ་སྐར་མ་མཆུ་ཕོག་མི) འདི་ལུ་ཧོར་ཟླ་དང་པ་ཟེར་སླབ་ཨིན་མས། འདི་ལུ་ཟླ་བ་དང་པ་སྦེ་བརྩི་དགོ་མི་འདི་ སྔོན་རབ་བྱུང་བཞི་པའི་མེ་ཕག་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༢༢༧ གྱི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཆིང་གི་སེ་ཁཱན་ནམ་ཧོར་ཇིང་གིར་ རྒྱལ་པོ་ཟེར་མི་གིས་ མི་ཉག་གི་ལག་པ་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ས་ལུ་དབང་བསྒྱུར་བའི་ཟླ་བ་ཨིན་མས། འདི་ལུ་ བཀྲིས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་སྦེ་བརྩིས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཚུར་ ལོ་གསརཔ་བརྩི་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས། 

དེ་ཡང་ ཧོར་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆིང་གེ་སེ་ཁཱན་ནམ་ ཇིང་གིར་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ རབ་བྱུང་གསུམ་པའི་ཆུ་རྟ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༡༦༢ ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ དགུང་ལོ་ཉེར་བརྒྱད་ལུ་སོག་པོའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་མཛད། ཉེར་དགུ་ལུ་མན་ཇུ་དབང་ལུ་བསྡུས། སོ་གསུམ་ལུ་རྒྱ་ནག་གི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡང་མཛད། སོ་བཞི་ལུ་རྒྱ་སེར་དབང་ལུ་བསྡུས། ཞེ་ལྔ་ལུ་སུང་རྒྱལ་ ཨན་ཐལ་གྱི་གཡུས་ལ་སོགས་པ་ ཞིང་ས་བཅུ་གསུམ་ག་ར་དབང་འོག་ལུ་བསྡུཝ་མ་ཚད་ ལོ་འདིར་བོད་ཁམས་ཡང་ཚར་ཅིག་དབང་ལུ་བསྡུས། དེ་ལས་རབ་བྱུང་བཞི་པའི་མེ་ཕག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༢༢༧ ཆིང་གེ་སེ་ཁཱན་རང་ཉིད་དགུང་ལོ་རེ་ལྔའི་ཐོག་ ཞི་ཞའམ་མི་ཉག་དབང་ལུ་བསྡུ་སྟེ་ མི་ཉག་གི་རྒྱལ་རབས་རྒྱུན་བཅད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་པའི་དགའ་བའི་ཉིནམ་བརྩི་སྲུང་འབད་བའི་ཟླཝ་དེ་གི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་ ལོ་གསར་སྦེ་བརྩི་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ད་ནུག

སོག་པོའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཆིང་གེ་སེ་ཁཱན་འདི་ ལོ་འདི་གི་ཟླ་ ༧ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༢ ལུ་གཤགས་སོངམ་ལས་ ཁོ་གིས་རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་སྟེ་ ཟླཝ་དྲུག་དང་ཞག་ ༡༢ ལས་བརྒལ་ཏེ་བཞུགས་མ་ཚུགས་རུང་ ལོ་གསར་བརྩི་སྲོལ་འདི་ དང་པར་མེ་ཉག་གི་གཡུས་ཁ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་སོག་ཡུལ་ བོད་ རྒྱ་ནག་ཚུ་ནང་དར་ཁྱབ་བྱུང་ནུག

མ་གཞི་ གནམ་ལོ་གསར་ཚེས་ཀྱི་ལོ་འགོ་ངོ་མ་འདི་ ལོ་བསྟར་ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པ་ལུ་ཕོགཔ་མ་ཚད་ དགུན་གྱི་ཉིན་ལོག་ཡང་ ཟླཝ་འདི་ནང་ཕོགཔ་ལས་ རྩིས་ཀྱི་ལུགས་ལས་བརྩི་དགོ་མི་ཚུ་ག་ར་ཟླཝ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལས་ལོ་འགོ་སྦེ་བརྩིཝ་ཨིན། ཨིན་རུང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཟླ་བ་དང་པ་ལུ་ ལོ་གསར་བརྩིས་ཏེ་ ལོ་འགོ་བཟུང་སྲོལ་ཅིག་ཚུད་དགོ་མི་འདི་ དང་པ་དུས་འཁོར་དང་གསོ་དཔྱད་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ ལོ་འགོ་དཔྱིད་ཟླ་ར་བ་ལས་བརྩི་ནི་འདི་གིས་དང་། གཉིས་པར་ སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱིས་ཆོ་འཕྲུལ་ཆེན་པོའི་མཛད་པ་ཡང་ ཟླ་བ་འདི་གིས་ཚེས་ ༡ ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནི་འདི་གིས་དང་། ལྷག་པར་དུ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ནམ་དགུན་རིང་གྱང་སྟེ་སྡོད་ས་ལས་ ས་དྲོད་དང་པར་བཏགས་ཏེ་ མི་ཚུ་ལུ་དྲོད་ཉམས་ལྡན་པའི་དགའ་དུས་འགོ་བཙུགས་པའི་དུས་དང་། དེ་མ་ཚད་ ས་ཁ་ལས་མེ་ཏོག་དང་ ལྕུ་ཀུ་ཚུ་ག་ར་གསརཔ་ཐོན་ཏེ་ སྡོད་ཉམས་སྤྲོ་བའི་དུས་གསརཔ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཧོར་ཟླ་དང་པ་འདི་ལུ་ ལོ་འགོ་བརྩིས་ཏེ་ ལོ་གསར་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན།

ལོ་གསར་གྱི་ཉིནམ་འདི་ལུ་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་བརྩིས་ཏེ་ དགའ་སྟོན་འབད་དགོ་མི་འདི་ འདས་པའི་ལོ་ངོ་དེའི་རིང་ ནཝ་ཚཝ་མེད་པར་ལོ་འཁོར་ཚུགས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན་དང་། ལོ་ངོ་གསར་འཆར་འདིའི་རིང་ལུ་ བར་རྐྱེན་མེད་པར་བཀྲིས་བདེ་ལེགས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་ཏེ་སྡོད་ནིའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལུ་ ཡར་མཆོད་མར་སྦྱིན་དང་། གཉེན་ཉེ་ཚན་ཆ་རོགས་འཆམ་མཐུནམ་ཚུ་འཛོམས་ཏེ་ གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལུ་ལེགས་སྨོན་ཞུ་ནིའི་སྲོལ་ཚུ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དུས་སྟོན་དེའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ གཞུང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ཡང་ འདི་བཟུམ་མའི་དགའ་སྟོན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་བརྩི་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ བཀྲིས་བདེ་ལེགས་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་སྨོན་དང་བཅས་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ངལ་གསོ་བཞག་གནངམ་ཨིན།&lt;/big&gt;</text>
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    <title>མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པའི་འཁྲུངས་སྐར་དུས་ཆེན།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ནམ་ཤར་གྱི་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༡ འདི་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་འཁྲུངས་སྐར་དུས་ཆེན་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཨ...&quot;</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16876" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ནམ་ཤར་གྱི་ སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༡ འདི་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གི་འཁྲུངས་སྐར་དུས་ཆེན་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཨིན།

དེ་ཡང་ ང་བཅས་ར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་གི་ མི་མང་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་བསོད་ནམས་བྱེ་བའི་འབྲས་བུ་དུས་གཅིག་ལུ་སྨིན་པའི་ དབང་ཕྱུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ལྔ་པ་ དཔལ་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལོ་ ༣༢༩ གནམ་ལོ་ ལྕགས་སྤྲེལ་རྒྱལ་བའི་ཆོ་འཕྲུལ་དུས་ཆེན་ ཟླ་དང་པའི་ཚེས་ ༦ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༠ ཟླ་ ༢ ཚེས་ ༢༡ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་གི་གཟིམ་ཅུང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ཆོས་གླིང་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། དེ་ཡང་ ཡབ་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་དྲུག་དང་། འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ཁར་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ ལོ་ངོ་བརྒྱད་སོང་བའི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཡུམ་རྒྱལ་བཙུན་ཨ་ཞེ་ཚེ་རིང་དབྱངས་སྒྲོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་སྲས་དང་པ་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྦེ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། 

རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་ཨ་ཞེ་ཚེ་རིང་དབྱངས་སྒྲོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་འདི་ རྒྱལ་པོ་ཁྲི་སྲོང་ལྡེའུ་བཙན་གྱི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་དྲི་མ་མེད་པའི་ གསེར་སྲང་བླ་མ་ལྔ་པ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ ཨ་བི་ཡུམ་དབྱངས་ཅན་སྒྲོལ་མ་གཉིས་ལས་བྱོན་པའི་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ཐུགས་སྤྲུལ་བརྒྱད་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེའི་ཨ་ཞེམོ་ ཨ་ཞེ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་མོ་དང་ ལྷ་རིགས་སྨྱོས་ཀྱི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་གཏེར་སྟོན་པདྨ་གླིང་པའི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་གསུང་སྤྲུལ་ལྔ་པ་ཕྱོགས་ལས་ཡེ་ཤེས་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཚ་བོ་ གདོང་དཀར་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་འཛིན་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ དྲགོས་ཨྱོན་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་། ཡུམ་གཏེར་ཆེན་རྡོ་རྗེ་གླིང་པའི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་ ཨམ་ཨྱོན་སྒྲོལ་མ་དང་ ལྷ་སྲས་གཙང་མའི་རྒྱལ་རྒྱུད་ སྔ་ཚང་མཁོ་ཆེའི་གདུང་རྒྱུད་སློབ་དཔོན་གྲུབ་པ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་མོ་ ཐུགས་རྗེ་བཟང་མོ་གཉིས་ལུ་ སྲས་སྲས་མོ་སྐུ་མཆེད་ ༩ ཡོད་མི་གི་ལྔ་པ་ཨིན་མས།

དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་རིགས་རྒྱུད་མངོན་པར་མཐོ་བའི་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ཉིནམ་གསུམ་གྱི་ཚེ་ ཡབ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཡུམ་མཆོག་གི་ཡབ་ཡུམ་ སྐུ་མཆེད་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྐུ་འཁོར་ཚུ་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་ ནང་བློན་འབངས་འཁོར་ཚུ་གིས། ལེགས་པའི་ཕྱོགས་སུ་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་བཟང་པོ་འགྲིགས། །ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་རང་གིས་བྱས་པས་ཆོག། ཟེར་བའི་ལུང་གི་ཚིག་དང་མཐུན་པར་ ཆོས་རྗེ་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པའི་བཙས་སྟོན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་བཟང་པོའི་དགའ་སྟོན་ ཟབ་རྒྱས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་མཛད་གནང་ནུག། དེ་བསྒང་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ ཁོ་རའི་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་གི་མཚན་ཡང་ འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཟེར་གསོལ་གནང་ནུག།

འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༦ ལས་གཟིམ་ཅུང་ནང་སྦེ་ དམིགས་བསལ་གྱི་སློབ་དཔོན་བསྟེན་ཏེ་ གཞི་རིམ་སློབ་གྲྭའི་སྐུ་ཡོན་གསན་བཞེས་གནང་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས། རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ དབྱངས་ཅན་ཕུག་སློབ་གྲྭ་ཆེ་བའི་ནང་ལས་ འབྲིང་རིམ་བར་མའི་སློབ་གྲྭའི་ཤེས་ཚད་མཐར་བསྐྱལ་གནང་ཡི། དེ་ལས་མཐོ་རིམ་ཤེས་ཚད་འདི་ཡུ་ཨེས་ཀྱི་ ཝི་ཀྲིན་མཐོ་རིམ་སློབ་སྡེ་ལས་བཞེས་ཏེ་ མག་ད་ལེན་གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་གྲྭ་ལས་ ཚན་ཉིད་རིག་པའི་ཁྱད་འཕགས་ཤེས་ཡོན་ ཨེམ་ཕིལ་གྱི་ཤེས་ཚད་དང་། ཀེ་ན་ཌ་ ཕེ་རིག་ཊོན་ བུ་རུནསི་ཝིག་ གཙུག་ལག་སློབ་ཁང་ལས་ཁྲིམས་གཞུང་རིག་པའི་མཁས་དབང་ ཨོ་ན་ར་རི་ ཌིག་རི་ཨོཕ་ ཌོག་ཊར་གྱི་ཆེ་མཐོའི་གཟེངས་རྟགས་ཡང་བཞེས་གནང་ཡི།

བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་སྐུ་ཡོན་གསན་འཕྲོ་ལུ་ ཡབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་ ཆོས་རྗེ་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཉམས་བཞེས་གནང་བ་མ་ཚད་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཏོག་བདག་འགན་ཡང་ འགོ་དང་པ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༡ ཟླ་ ༦ ཚེས་ ༢༥ ལུ་ གཉིས་སྐལ་མའི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་གནངམ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་གཞུང་རང་བཞིན་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ཚོགས་སྡེའི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་དང་ སློབ་གྲྭའི་ན་གཞོན་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་ཏའི་ཀོན་ཌོ་ཚོགས་སྡེའི་སྲིད་འཛིན་གྱི་ཐུགས་འགན་བཞེས་གནང་ཡི། དེ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༤ ཟླ་ ༡༠ ཚེས་ ༣༡ ལུ་ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ཁྲི་རབས་ ༡༦ པའི་ཁྲི་ཁར་ཕེབས་གནང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ དུས་སྐབས་དེ་ནང་ ཡབ་མཆོག་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་ཞབས་ལས་ མི་མང་ལུ་གསོལ་རས་ཀྱི་གནང་བྱིན་སྦེ་བསྩལ་བའི་ དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་གཞི་འགྱམ་བཙུགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ག་ནི་ལས་གལ་ཆེ་བའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་གནང་དགོཔ་ཡོད་མི་ལས་ གཙོ་ཆེ་ཤོས་ཅིག་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོའི་ཟིན་བྲིས་ རྫོང་ཁག་སོ་སོའི་མི་སེར་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་གྲོས་བསྟུན་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་འགོ་དྲེན་འཐབ་དགོཔ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ཨིན་མས། དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་གལ་ཅན་གྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ལུ་ དང་པ་ཡབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་དང་ གཉིས་པ་ཁོ་ར་སྐུ་རྐྱང་གིས་གསུང་གྲོས་འགོ་འདྲེན་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་འཐབ་གནང་སྟེ་ རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོའི་ཟིན་བྲིས་མཐར་བསྐྱལ་གནང་ཡི།

དེ་ལས་སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ཟླ་ ༡༢ ཚེས་ ༡༤ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ ཧེ་མ་བྱོན་མི་རྒྱལ་རབས་རིམ་བྱོན་བཞི་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་མཛད་པ་གལ་ཅན་ཅིག་ ག་ཅི་བྱུང་ཡི་གོ་ཟེར་བ་ཅིན་ ཡབ་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ ཁོ་ར་དགུང་ལོ་ ༥༢ ལས་མ་བཞེས་རུང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་མང་གི་ མ་འོངས་པའི་མཐའ་དོན་ཁོ་ན་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁྲི་སྤངས་ཏེ་གནངམ་ལས་ བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུགས་མཆོག་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༦ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པའི་ཕྱག་འགན་རྩ་ཅན་འདི་རྩིས་བཞེས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ཚུར་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་སྐྱོང་ནིའི་ཐུགས་འགན་ཧྲིལ་པོར་བཞེས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ མི་སེར་དམངས་གཙོའི་གཞུང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནི་དང་ རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིང་ལུགས་ལོ་ངོ་བརྒྱ་འཁོར་བའི་དགའ་སྟོན་མཛད་ནི་གི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ཚུ་འགོ་འདྲེན་འཐབ་གནང་སྟེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གྱི་དགའ་སྟོན་དང་བཅས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ དུས་ནམ་ཡང་བྱུང་མ་མྱོང་བའི་ དུས་ཆེན་རྣམ་གསུམ་གྱི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་མཛད་སྒོ་སྟབས་ཅིག་ཁར་བརྩི་སྲུང་གི་དགའ་སྟོན་ ལོ་ངོ་གཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་མཛད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དགའ་ལྡན་ལྷ་ཡུལ་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་དགའ་སྤྲོ་ལོངས་སུ་སྤྱོད་ནི་ཡོདཔ་བཟོ་གནང་ཡི།

དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་ སྐུ་བསོད་དང་སྐུ་ཡོན་ མི་སེར་ལུ་བྱམས་སེམས་ འགྲན་ཟླ་མེད་པའི་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ དཔལ་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་བསོད་ནམས་དུས་གཅིག་ལུ་འབར་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་གི་སྤྱི་ནོར་དམ་པར་ སྐུ་མཚན་དཔེའི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགས་པའི་རང་གཟུགས་ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པའི་དུས་དྲན་གྱི་ཉིནམ་འདི་ ལོ་ནམ་ཤར་གྱི་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༡ ལུ་ འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་ ཡིད་སྤྲོ་བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་ དད་པ་མོས་གུས་དང་ དགའ་སྤྲོ་ཚད་མེད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ འཁྲུངས་སྐར་དུས་ཆེན་གྱི་ དགའ་སྟོན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུཝ་ཨིན། 

དེ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་ལས་ཡང་ ཉིནམ་ ༣ གྱི་ངལ་གསོ་བཞག་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དེ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ སྐལ་མཉམ་འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་དགའ་བའི་དུས་སྟོན་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་ནི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ལུ་ དད་དམ་འགྱུར་བ་མེད་པའི་བློ་གཏད་དང་ཡིད་ཆེས་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཕུལ་ནིའི་ ཁས་བླངས་དམ་བཅའ་ཕུལ་དགོཔ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ སྐུ་ཚེ་ཞབས་པད་ མི་འགྱུར་རྡོ་རྗེའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བསྐལ་བརྒྱར་བརྟན་ཏེ་ མཛད་པ་འཕྲིན་ལས་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་བཞེད་བཞིན་དུ་ འབད་མེད་ལྷུན་གྱིས་འགྲུབ་པའི་སྨོན་འདེབས་ ཧིང་དྭངས་མའི་དཀྱིལ་ལས་ཞུ་དགོཔ་ཨིན་ནོ།།	  །།
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      <text bytes="9037" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ལོ་བསྟར་ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༣ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལུ་ ང་བཅས་རའི་འབྲུག་གི་བསྟན་པའི་བདག་པོ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དགོངས་པ་ཆོས་དབྱིངས་ལུ་གཤེགས་པའི་སྐུ་མཆོད་ཀྱི་དུས་ཆེན་ཨིན།

དེ་ཡང་མགོན་པོ་དངོས་གྲུབ་བྱུང་བའི་རྒྱུད་ལས། འཁོར་བའི་བདུད་རྣམས་འཇོམས་པ་པོ། །རྡོ་རྗེ་སེམས་དཔའ་མཉམ་གྱུར་པའི།  །རྡོ་རྗེ་སློབ་དཔོན་བདག་ཉིད་ཆེ།  །ཞེས་མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་འདི་ཉིད་ཀྱི་ མཚན་གསལ་ལུང་བསྟན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་འདི་ ཡབ་མི་ཕམ་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་དང་ ཡུམ་བསོད་ནམས་དཔལ་གྱི་བུ་ཁྲིད་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༥༩༤ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༠ པའི་ཤིང་རྟ་ཟླ་ ༡༡ ཚེས་ ༡༡ ལུ་ ལྟས་བཟང་སྣ་ཚོགས་པའི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཀུན་མཁྱེན་པདྨ་དཀར་པོའི་ཡང་སྲིད་འཁྲུལ་མེད་དུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།

དགུང་ལོ་ཆུང་བའི་སྐབས་ལས་  ཡབ་དང་མཁས་གྲུབ་ལྷ་དབང་བློ་གྲོས་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ ཡོངས་འཛིན་དམ་པ་ཚུ་གི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལས་ གཞུང་རིག་གནས་ དབང་ལུང་མན་ངག་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ གསན་བསམ་མཐར་ཕྱིན་ཏེ་ མཁས་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་བདག་ཉིད་ཆེན་པོར་གྱུར་པའི་ཤུལ་མར་ གདན་ས་ར་ལུང་གི་ཁྲི་ལུ་མངའ་གསོལ་མཛད་ནུག།

དེ་ལས་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རང་ཉིད་ དགུང་གྲངས་ཉེར་གསུམ་གྱི་ཐོག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༡༦ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༠ པའི་མེ་ཕོ་འབྲུག་ལོ་ལུ་ ལས་མགོན་བྱ་རོག་གདོང་ཅན་གྱི་ལུང་བསྟན་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ ཆིབས་ཁ་ལྷོ་ལུ་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་བྱོན་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཚུར་ ལྷོ་མོན་སྨན་ལྗོངས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ལྡན་གྱི་གཞུང་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཟེར་ རྒྱ་བོད་ཧོར་གསུམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ཅན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ལུ་བཟོ་གནང་ནུག།

དེ་ལུ་ ངན་སེམས་ཕྲག་དོག་གི་དབང་ལས་བྱུང་བའི་ ཕྱི་རོལ་དངོས་ཅན་མི་ཡི་དགྲ་བོ་སྡེ་སྲིད་གཙང་པ་དང་ དགེ་སོག་དམག་དཔུང་གི་ཕྱོགས་ཐམས་ཅད་ལས་རྒྱལ་བ་མ་ཚད། ནང་གི་དགྲ་སྡེ་བླ་མ་ཁག་ལྔའི་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བ་དང་ གསང་བའི་དགྲ་སྡེ་དངོས་མེད་ལྷ་མ་སྲིན་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་ཐམས་ཅད་ལས་ཀྱང་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་ཏེ་ གདན་ས་ལྕགས་རི་དང་ གསང་སྔགས་ཟབ་དོན་ཕོ་བྲང་ལས་བཟུང་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་ས་སྤུངས་ཐང་བདེ་ཆེན་ དབང་འདུས་ཕོ་བྲང་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ སྤ་རོ་རིན་ཆེན་སྤུངས་རྫོང་ དར་དཀར་བཀྲིས་ཡང་རྩེ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་ཆོས་འཁོར་རབ་བརྟན་རྩེ་ ལ་སོགས་པ་བཞེངས་ཏེ་ ལྷོ་མོན་ཁ་བཞིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པའི་ཉི་མ་ ཤར་བར་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།

དེ་ལས་ རྗེ་རང་ཉིད་དང་དབྱེར་མེད་པའི་ དབུ་མཛད་བསྟན་འཛིན་འབྲུག་རྒྱས་ལུ་ ཆོས་སྲིད་ཀྱི་བསླབ་བྱ་ཞལ་གདམས་བཀའ་ཆེམས་ཀྱི་ཚུལ་དུ་ ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགས་པར་བསྩལ་ཏེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ཆེན་མོར་བསྐོས་གནང་ཞིན་ན་ རེ་ཞིག་གདུལ་བྱ་རྟག་འཛིན་ཅན་ཚུ་གི་ངོ་ལུ་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རང་ཉིད་ དགུང་གྲངས་ལྔ་བཅུ་ང་བརྒྱད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༥༡ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༡ པའི་ལྕགས་ཡོས་ ཟླ་ ༣ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལུ་ ཐུགས་དམ་རིམ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་རྣལ་འབྱོར་ལུ་བཞུགས་གནང་ནུག།

ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་སྐུ་མཆོད་དུས་ཆེན་ཉིན་མར་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ངལ་གསོ་བཞག་དགོ་མི་འདི་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ ང་བཅས་ར་ལྷོ་མོན་ཁ་བཞིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཡུག་གཅིག་ལུ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ ཆོས་སྲིད་གཉིས་ལྡན་གྱི་གཞུང་འགོ་བཙུགས། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་སྲ་བརྟན་དུ་བཟོ་གནངམ་ལས་ཚུར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འབད་དེ་ བདེ་སྐྱིད་གཉིས་ལྡན་གྱི་ངང་ལུ་སྡོད་ནི་འདི་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དབུ་བརྙེས་པར་མཛད་པའི་སྐུ་དྲིན་སྦོམ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ག་ར་གིས་རྗེས་དྲན་ཞུ་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན།

དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ དུས་ཆེན་འདི་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ག་ར་གིས་ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ལུ་ ཕྱག་མཆོད་གསོལ་འདེབས་ལུ་བརྩོན་དགོཔ་ག་ནི་ལས་གལ་ཆེཝ་མ་ཚད་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ལུ་གསོལ་བ་རྩེ་གཅིག་ཏུ་བཏབ་སྟེ་ཐུགས་དམ་བསྐུལ་བ་ཅིན་ རང་རང་སོ་སོ་དང་ལྷག་པར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ རྐྱེན་བར་ཆད་མི་འབྱུང་བར་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་ཏེ་ བསྟན་པ་ཡུན་རིང་གནས་ནི་གི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།
&lt;/big&gt;</text>
      <sha1>evn076yudk4349cv07b3kifa3j9xhcb</sha1>
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===སེམས་ཅན===
*[[བྱི་ལི]]
*[[ཁྱི]]
*[[ཉ]]
*[[སྟག​]]
*[[བྱམོ]]
*[[དོམ]]
*[[ལུག]]
*[[རྟ]]
*[[བྱི་ཙི]]

===པར་རིས་བར་འཁྱམས།===

===ཁུངས་གཏུག།===
===ཕྱི་ཕྱོགས་དྲ་མཐུད།===</text>
      <sha1>gcqusqlsrynizq7rej07ry2ahcq0816</sha1>
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    <title>ལོཁོར་ཆུཉེ</title>
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      <text bytes="1588" xml:space="preserve">[[File:20100720_Fukuoka_Kushida_3614_M.jpg|250px|thumb|ལོཁོར་ཆུཉེ]]

===དང་པོ་བྱི་བ། (鼠)===
&lt;big&gt;རང་གཤས་འཇམ་ལ་དྲང་མོ་ཡིན། རིག་པ་གྲུས་རཅྱད་ཚྱོར་སྦང་གིས་ཐག་གཅོད་བྱེད། ནུས་པ་ཆ། བླ་རྩ་གཉིས་ཡད་པས་དཔལ་འབྱོར་སོགས་ག&lt;/big&gt;

===གཉས་པ་ླང་། (牛)===
&lt;big&gt;རང་གཤས་བཟང་། སྐད་ཆ་མང་པ་མ་བཤད།གཞུང་དྲང་ཞང་རྫུན་མ་བཤད། བརྩན་འགྲུས་དང་སྡུག་རུས་ཆ། རང་བཞན་ཧ་ཅང་བརྟན་པ་ཡན།མ་གཞན་པར་འག་འཇན་ྒྱད་ྒུཏ་དགའ། ཁམ་བདག་&lt;/big&gt;

===གསུམ་པ་སྟ། (虎)===
&lt;big&gt;རང་གཤས་དྲང་བདན་དང་གནས་ལུགས་གཙ་བར་བྱད། ཕྱཚུལ་ནས་རྩུབ་ཀྱང་བསམ་པ་བཟང་། བུད་མེད་ཡིན་ན་དེ་ལས་ལྡོག་སྟེ་གསར་གཏོད་ཀྱི་ནུས་པ་ལྡན། སྤྲོ་སྣང་ཅན་ཞིག་ཡིན། མི་གཞན་གྱས་རང་དགར་བར་དུང་སྟར། ཁྱ་བ་ཐམས་ཅད་འགྲུབ། འགྱུལ་སྐྱུད་&lt;/big&gt;</text>
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    <title>འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པའི་འཁྲུངས་སྐར་དུས་སྟོན།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ཀྱི་ཉིནམ་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པའི་འཁྲུངས་སྐར་གྱི་ཉིནམ་ཕོགཔ་ཨིན།   དེ་ཡང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདིའི་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལཔོ་གས...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6694" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ཀྱི་ཉིནམ་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པའི་འཁྲུངས་སྐར་གྱི་ཉིནམ་ཕོགཔ་ཨིན། 

དེ་ཡང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདིའི་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལཔོ་གསུམ་པ་ སྤྱི་ནོར་དམ་པ་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ ཡབ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་དབང་ཕྱུག་དང་  ཡུམ་ཕུན་ཚོགས་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་ཟུང་གི་སྲས་ལུ་ གནས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ ཆོས་འཁོར་རབ་བརྟན་རྩེའི་ ཁྲུས་སྤང་གི་གཟིམ་ཅུང་ནང་ལུ་ དུས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་དྲུག་པའི་ས་འབྲུག་ ཟླ་བ་གསུམ་པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༣ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༢༨ ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདིའི་བསོད་ནམས་ཀྱི་བགོ་སྐལ་ལུ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།

དགུང་ལོ་ཆུང་ཀུའི་བསྒང་ལས་ ཡབ་རྗེ་དམ་པ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གཉིས་པའི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་སྒྲིག་ལམ་ཆོས་གསུམ་ལུ་ཉམས་བཞེས་གནང་སྟེ་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༡༧ ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་མགྲོན་གཉེར་གྱི་གོ་གནས་དང་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༢ ལུ་སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་ཀྱི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་ནུག། དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༣ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༡ ལུ་ ཨ་ཞེ་སྐལ་བཟང་ཆོས་སྒྲོན་རྒྱལ་ལྕམ་ལུ་བཀྲིས་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཞིན་ན་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༢ ལུ་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ ༣ པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་གནང་ཡི།

རྒྱལ་རབས་གསུམ་པ་ མངའ་བདག་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གསེར་ཁྲི་ཁར་བཞུགས་པའི་རིང་ལུ་ དང་པ་རྒྱལ་ས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་སྤོ་སྟེ་ གཞུང་གི་འཛིན་སྐྱོང་ལམ་ལུགས་ དེང་དུས་ཀྱི་ལམ་ལུགས་དང་མཐུན་པར་བསྒྱུར་བཅོས་གནང་། ཟ་བྲན་ལམ་ལུགས་དགོངས་ཡངས་དང་ མི་སེར་གྱི་ཁྲལ་འབུལ་ཡངས་ཆག་གནང་། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ རང་དབང་ཅན་གྱི་འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གཞན་མཚུངས་ཀྱི་ ཐོབ་དབང་འདྲན་འདྲ་ཡོད་པར་བཟོ་སྟེ་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ནང་ལུ་འཐུས་མི་སྦེ་འཛུལ་ཞུགས་གནང་།

རྒྱལ༌ས༌ཐིམ༌ཕུག༌བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་གསར་བཞེངས་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་འཆར་གཞི་འགོ་དང་པ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་གྱི་གཏན་གཞི་བཙུགས། རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཆེན་པོ་དང་ བློ་གྲོས་ཚོགས་སྡེ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཁྲིམས༌བཟོའི༌ལྷན༌སྡེ༌དང༌། ཁྲིམས༌གཞུང༌ཆེན༌མོ༌གསར༌རྩོམ༌དང༌ ཁྲིམས་ཁང་གོང་མ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་དྲང༌ཁྲིམས༌ལྷན༌སྡེ༌གཞི༌བཙུགས། ལྷན༌ཁག༌གི༌བློན༌པོའི༌ལམ༌སྲོལ༌བཙུགས༌ཏེ༌འཛིན༌སྐྱོང༌ལྷན༌སྡེ༌གཞི༌བཙུགས༌གནང༌། བསྟན་པའི་རྩ་བ་དགེ་འདུན་པའི་སྡེ་ཡར་སེང་དང་ རྒྱལ༌བའི༌བཀའ༌འགྱུར༌དང༌ བསྟན༌འགྱུར༌གསེར༌བྲིས༌གསར༌བཞེངས༌ཀྱི༌བསྟན་པའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་བླ་ན་མེད་པར་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པ་འདི་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་སྲ་བརྟན་དང་ ཡར་རྒྱས་གོང་འཕེལ་གསར་པའི་ལམ་ལུ་བཙུགས་གནང་མིའི་ མེས་པོ་དམ་པ་སྐུ་དྲིན་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིན།

དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་༣ པའི་འཁྲུངས་སྐར་དུས་ཆེན་འདི་ལུ་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་ཡང་ ང་བཅས་ར་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མི་སེར་ག་ར་ དད་པ་དང་དགའ་ཚོར་སྦོམ་མའི་སྒོ་ལས་ བཀྲིན་བསམ་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཐོབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་ལས་ཡང་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ངལ་གསོ་བཞག་གནང་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ནོ།།
&lt;/big&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="27920" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ལོ་བསྟར་ཧོར་ཟླ་བཞི་པ་འདི་ ས་ག་ཟླ་བའི་དུས་ཆེན་ཟེར་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་དུས་ཆེན་བཞིའི་ནང་ལས་གཅིག་ཨིན། དུས་ཆེན་འདི་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་བའི་དུས་ཆེན་གསུམ་འཛོམས་དང་ ལྔ་འཛོམས་ཟེར་བརྩི་སྲོལ་གཉིས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དུས་ཆེན་གསུམ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ལུགས་ལས་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཟླ་བ་ ༤ པའི་ཚེས་ ༧ ལུ་ སྐུ་བལྟམས་པ་དང་ ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་སངས་རྒྱས་པ་དང་ མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ་སྦེ་དུས་ཆེན་གསུམ་འཛོམས་བརྩིཝ་ཨིན། 

དུས་ཆེན་ལྔ་འཛོམས་སྦེ་བརྩི་བ་ཅིན་ ཟླ་ ༤ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་ལྷུམས་སུ་བཞུགས་པ་ སྐུ་བལྟམས་པ་ བདུད་བཏུལ་བ་ སངས་རྒྱས་པ་ མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ་དང་ དུས་ཆེན་ལྔ་འཛོམས་སྦེ་བརྩིཝ་ཨིན། ནཱ་ལུ་རང་ལུགས་འབྲུག་རྩིས་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ དུས་ཆེན་ལྔ་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཁུངས་སྦེ་ཞུ་བ་ཅིན། 

༡ ལྷུམས་སུ་ཞུགས་པའི་དུས་ཆེན།

དེ་ཡང་བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་ སྐུ་འཕྲེང་འདི་གི་སྔོན་མ་དགའ་ལྡན་ལྷ་ཡུལ་ལུ་ལྷའི་བུ་དམ་པ་ཏོག་དཀར་པོར་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ ལྷ་ཚུ་ལུ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་བསྐོར་ཏེ་གནང་ནུག། དེ་སྐབས་སྔོན་མ་སངས་རྒྱས་མར་མེ་མཛད་ཀྱིས་ལུང་བསྟན་པ་རྗེས་སུ་དྲན་ཏེ་ གླིང་བཞིའི་མི་ཚུ་ཆོས་ཀྱིས་གདུལ་བར་དགོངས་ཏེ། འཕགས་པ་བྱམས་པ་མགོན་པོ་རང་གི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ཏུ་བསྐོས་སྦེ་ ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་ལུ་ ཤཱཀྱའི་རིགས་ཀྱི་ཡབ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཟས་གཙང་དང་། ཡུམ་སྒྱུ་མ་ལྷ་མཛེས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་སྦེ་ འཁྲུངས་ནིའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད་གནང་ནུག། གླང་པོ་གཞོན་ནུ་ཐལ་དཀར་མཆེ་བ་དྲུག་ལྡན་ དངུལ་གྱི་མདོག་ལྟར་དཀར་བ་མགོ་མེ་ཤེལ་ལྟར་དམར་བ། ལུས་གསེར་གྱི་མདོག་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ལུ་སྤྲུལ་ཏེ་ རྡོ་རྗེའི་འགྲོས་སྟངས་ཀྱིས་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ཡུམ་གྱི་སྙན་ཁུང་གཡས་པ་ལས་མར་ལྷུམས་སུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ ཡུམ་གྱི་རྨི་ལམ་ལུ་ཡང་ འདི་བཟུམ་གྱི་སྣང་བ་བྱུང་བ་མ་ཟད་ སྐུ་ལུས་ཡང་ཤིན་ཏུ་བདེ་བར་གྱུར་ནུག།

དེ་ཡང་ མདོ་སྡེ་རྒྱ་ཆེར་རོལ་པའི་ལུགས་ལྟར་སྤྱི་ལོའི་སྔོན་ ༩༦༢ ས་མོ་ལུག་གི་ལོ་དཔྱིད་ཟླ་ཐ་ཆུང་ ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༤ པ་ས་ག་ཟླ་བའི་ཚེས་བཅོ་ལྔའི་ནུབ་མོ་ཡུམ་སྒྱུ་མ་ལྷ་མཛེས་འདི་ ཡུལ་སེར་སྐྱའི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཕོ་བྲང་གི་ནང་ན་ གསེར་ཁྲི་མགུ་ལུ་གཟིམས་སྦེ་བཞུགས་ས་ལུ། བར་སྣང་ལས་སྤྲིན་གྱི་གསེབ་ནས་ ཡུམ་གྱི་ལྷུམས་དེ་ཡང་ ལྟ་ན་སྡུག་པ་འཁོར་བའི་སྐྱོན་གྱིས་མ་གོས་ཤིང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ཉེ་བར་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་པའི་གནས་ གཞལ་མེད་ཁང་ལུ་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས། དེ་ལས་ལྷུམས་ནང་ལུ་བཞུགས་རིང་ལུ་ཡང་ ལྷ་དང་མི་བྱེ་བ་ཁྲི་ཕྲག་བྱེ་བ་མང་པོ་ལུ་ སྐྱེ་གནས་རྣམ་པར་སྦྱོང་བའི་ཆོས་གནང་སྟེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།

༢ སྐུ་བལྟམས་པའི་དུས་ཆེན།

སངས་རྒྱས་སྐུ་བལྟམས་རནམ་ད་ ཡུམ་སྒྱུ་མ་ལྷ་མཛེས་དེ་ གནས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ལུམྦིའི་ཚལ་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ མྱ་ངན་མེད་པའི་ལྗོན་ཤིང་རྩ་བར་སྐྱེ་དགུའི་བདག་མོ་ལུ་སྐུ་བརྟེན་སྦེ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་ ཡུམ་གྱི་མཆན་ཁུང་གཡས་པ་ལས་ ན་ཚ་ག་ནི་ཡང་མེད་པར་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག། ལྷའི་དབང་པོ་བརྒྱ་བྱིན་གྱིས་བདུད་རྩིའི་ཆུ་གིས་ བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་སྐུ་ལུ་སྐུ་ཁྲུས་གསོལ་ཞིང་ ལྷ་ཚངས་པ་གིས་དར་དཀར་གྱི་ན་བཟའ་ཕུལ། བར་སྣང་གི་ལྷ་ཚུ་གིས་བསྟོད་དབྱངས་ཀྱི་སྒོ་ལས་སྲི་ཞུ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པར་ཞུ་ནུག།

བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངསཔ་ཅིག་ཚད་མེད་བཞི་གི་ལམ་ལུ་ངེས་པ་བསྟན་པའི་ཕྱིར་ ཕྱོགས་བཞི་ལུ་གོམ་པ་བདུན་བདུན་སྤོ་སྟེ་བྱོན་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་པདྨའི་མེ་ཏོག་བདུན་བདུན་བྱུངམ་མ་ཚད་ ལུམྦིའི་ཚལ་ལུ་མེ་ཏོག་ཚུ་རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་ཤར་བ་དང་ སེར་སྐྱའི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་གྱི་སྦུག་ལུ་ བྱང་ཆུབ་ཀྱི་ལྗོན་ཤིང་དང་ སྐྱེད་མོས་ཚལ་ལྔ་བརྒྱ་དང་ གཏེར་ལྔ་བརྒྱ་ཡང་བྱུང་བ་སོགས་ལྟས་བཟང་སྣ་ཚོགས་བྱུངམ་མ་ཚད་ ཡབ་རྒྱལ་པོའི་དོན་ག་ར་གྲུབ་ནི་འདི་གིས་མཚན་ལུ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་བུ་དོན་ཐམས་ཅད་གྲུབ་པ་ཟེར་བཏགས་གནང་ནུག།

༣ བདུད་བཏུལ་བའི་དུས་ཆེན།

དེ་ཡང་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ རྒྱལ་བུ་དོན་གྲུབ་དགུང་ལོ་ ༣༥ བཞེས་པའི་ས་ག་ཟླ་བའི་ ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་སངས་རྒྱས་རནམ་ད་ རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་གྱི་བྱང་ཆུབ་ལྗོན་ཤིང་ལུ་སྐུ་རྒྱབ་གཏད་དེ་བཞུགས་སྦེ་ སྲོད་འཁོར་ཕག་གི་དུས་ཚོད་ལུ་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ བདུད་ག་ར་འཇོམས་པའི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་ལུ་ མཉམ་པར་བཞག་སྟེ་ འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས་ག་ར་ ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་གྱི་ འོད་ཟེར་གྱིས་ཁྱབ་པར་མཛདཔ་ད། བདུད་ཀྱི་གནས་ཚུ་ག་ར་དཀྲོགས་ཏེ་ བདུད་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་གཞན་འཕྲུལ་དབང་བྱེད་ཀྱི་མངའ་བདག་ བདུད་སྡིག་ཏོ་ཅན་དགའ་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གིས་ སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་ནི་ལུ་བར་ཆད་བརྩམ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཤ་རོགསཔ་བཟུམ་བཟོ་སྟེ་ འོངས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ སེར་སྐྱའི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ནི་ལྷས་བྱིན་གྱིས་དབང་ཚར་ཡི། ཕོ་བྲང་ཚུ་བཅོམ། བཙུནམོ་ཚུ་ཁྱིམ་ནང་སྒོ་བསྡམ་རྐྱབ། ཡབ་ཟས་གཙང་བཙོན་ལུ་བཙུགས། ཤཱཀྱའི་རིགས་ཚུ་ག་ར་ཕམ་ཚར་ཡི། ཁྱོད་འདི་ཁར་ག་ཅི་འབད་སྡོདཔ་སྨོ་ཟེར་སླབཔ་ད། ལན་ལུ། མངོན་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་སླད་དུའོ་ཟེར་གསུངས་ནུག།

བདུད་ཀྱིས་སངས་རྒྱས་ནི་འདི་ ཚོགས་ལེ་ཤ་བསགས་དགོཔ་ཨིན། ཁྱོད་འདི་རྒྱལ་པོའི་བུ་སྐྱིད་ཏོང་ཏོ་སྦེ༌ སྡོད་མི་ཅིག་ཨིན་ཟེར་སླབཔ་ད། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་གིས། ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་གཏན་པ་མེད་པའི་མཆོད་སྦྱིན་རྐྱངམ་གཅིག་གིས་ འདོད་ཁམས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལཔོ་ཐོབ་པ་ཅིན། ང་གིས་བསྐལ་པ་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པར་ ཚོགས་གཉིས་བསགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ག་ཅི་འབད་འཚང་མི་རྒྱ་ཟེར་གསུངསཔ་ད། བདུད་དགའ་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ང་རྒྱལ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་  མཛུབ་མོ་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ཡར་ལྷོངས་ཏེ། ངས་ནི་འདི་ན་མཆོད་སྦྱིན་གཏན་པ་མེད། །བྱས་པ་ལ་ནི་ཁྱོད་ཉིད་དཔང་ཡིན་ན། །ཁྱོད་ལ་འདི་ན་དཔང་འགའ་ཡོད་མིན་པས། །སྨྲས་ཀྱང་དཔང་མེད་ཁྱོད་ནི་ཡེ་ཕམ་ཡིན། ཟེར་སླབ་ད། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔས། ཕྱག་མཛུབ་ས་ལུ་བཙུགས་ཏེ། ས་འདི་འགྲོ་བ་ཀུན་གྱི་དཔང་ཡིན་ཏེ།། རྒྱུ་དང་མི་རྒྱུ་སྙོམས་ཤིང་ཉེ་འཁོན་མེད།། འདི་ནི་བདག་གི་དཔང་སྟེ་བདག་རྫུན་མེད།། ས་ཁྱོད་འདི་ལ་བདག་གི་དཔང་བྱོས་ཤིག། ཟེར་གསུངསཔ་ཅིག་སའི་ལྷ་མོ་བརྟན་མ་ གཟུགས་ཕྱེད་ཀ་ཅིག་ས་ཁ་ལས་ཐོན་སྦེ་སའི་ཐལཝ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ལགཔ་ལུ་བཟུང་སྦེ་ ང་གིས་སའི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་འདི་ཙམ་གྱི་ཚད་ལུ་བགྱང་ཚུགས། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་འདི་གིས་ སངས་རྒྱས་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་དབུ་དང་ ཡན་ལག་བྱིན་མི་འདི་ གྱངས་ཁ་བགྱང་མི་ཚུགས། ད་འཚང་རྒྱ་བའི་དུས་ལུ་བབས་ཨིན་ཟེར་སླབ་སྦེ་ཡལ་སོང་ནུག།

དེ་ལུ་དགའ་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ངོ་ཚ་སྟེ་ རང་གི་གཡུས་ཁ་ལུ་ལོག་སོང་སྦེ་ བདུད་ཀྱི་དམག་དཔུང་བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་དྲུག་ གྲ་སྒྲིག་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་འོངསཔ་ད། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་གིས་བྱམས་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་ལུ་མཉམ་པར་བཞགཔ་ལས། མདའ་མདུང་རལ་གྲིའི་མཚོན་ཆ་དང་ རྡོ་དང་དུག་གི་ཆརཔ་བཟུམ་ཕབ་མི་འདི་ཚུ་ག་ར་ མེ་ཏོག་མན་ད་ར་བ་དང་པདྨ་ལུ་གྱུར་ཏེ་བབས་ནུག། མི་སྙན་པའི་སྒྲ་སྐད་རྐྱབ་མི་འདི་ བསྟོད་དབྱངས་ཀྱི་སྒྲ་ལུ་གྱུར་སོངམ་ལས། བདུད་ཀྱི་དམག༌དཔུང་ཚུ་གི་འདོད་པའི་དུག་གི་སྡོང་པོ་ས་ཁ་ལུ་འགྱེལ། མེ་ཏོག་གི༌མདའ་ལྔ་ས་ཁ་ལུ་བུད། ང་རྒྱལ་གྱི་བྲག་རི་རྩ་བ་ལས་བརྡལ། བདུད་ཀྱི་དམག་དཔུང་ཚུ་ཉམས་ཐག། ཆུ་སྲིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ནི་ནུབ། དྲན་པ་ཡང་མེདཔ་བཟུམ་སྦེ་མགུ་འཐོམ་འཐོམ་སོང་ནུག།

དེ་ལས་ གཡུས་ཁར་ལོག་སྦེ་ དོ་རུང་དགའ་རབ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཁོ་རང་གི་བུམོ་གསུམ་མཛེས་ཤིང་ཡིད་དུ་འོང་བའི་ གོས་དང་རྒྱན་ཚུ་བཏགས། ལང་ཚོ་རྒྱས་པའི་ཉམས་ཅན་གསུམ་གྱིས་ཆགས་པའི་ཟུར་མིག་གིས་བལྟ་ཞིང་ ཨོམ་དང་བརླད་དོ་སྟོན། ཨ་བུག་གཡུགས་ཏེ་འོང་རུང་ བུམོ་འདི་གསུམ་བཟོ་མ་ལེགས་པའི་ཨང་རྒས་གསུམ་ལུ་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་ནུག། བུམོ་གསུམ་གནམ་མེད་ས་མེད་ངོ་ཚ་སྟེ་ ཨ་རྟག་ཧ་ལུགས་འགྱོ་ནི་ཅིག་ཟེར་གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་ལས་ བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་གིས་ ཕྱིན་ཆད་འདི་བཟུམ་མི་འབད་ནི་གི་དམ་བཅའ་གནང་ནུག། བདུད་ཀྱིས་གནས་སྐབས་ག་དེ་སྦེ་རང་བཏོན་ཏེ་ བར་ཆད་རྐྱབ་པར་འོང་རུང་ བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་བྱམས་པའི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་གཅིག་གིས་བདུད་ག་རང་བཏུལ་གནང་ནུག།

༤ མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་དུས་ཆེན།

དེ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་འདི་ཉིད་ དགུང་གྲངས་ཉེར་དགུ་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ ཆུ་ཀླུང་ཆེན་པོ་ནཻ་རཉྫ་ནའི་འགྲམ་དུ་ ལོ་དང་པ་གཉིས་ལུ་ཉིནམ་རེ་ལུ་ཆུམ་ཕུད་རྡོག་རེ་རེ་གསོལ། ལོ་གཉིས་པ་གཉིས་ལུ་ཆུ་ཐིགས་པ་རེ་རེ་གསོལ། ལོ་གསུམ་པ་གཉིས་ལུ་ཅི་ཡང་མ་གསོལ་བར་ལོ་དྲུག་དཀའ་བ་སྤྱད་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ། ནམ་མཁའ་ལས་ལྷ་ཚུ་གིས་ ད་ནི་སྔོན་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རྣམས་བླ་ན་མེད་པར་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་གནས་ནི་ ཆུ་བོ་འདི་བརྒལ་བའི་ཕ་རོལ་ན་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཡོད། དེར་གཤེགས་སུ་གསོལ་ཞེས་ ལུང་བསྟན་པ་ལྟར་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་ལུ་འབྱོནམ་ད་ བརྒྱ་བྱིན་གྱིས་བསྐུལ་བའི་ རྩྭ་འཚོང་བཀྲིས་ལས་རྩྭ་ཀུ་ཤ་བསྣམས་ཏེ་བྱང་ཆུབ་ཤིང་གི་རྩ་བ་ལུ་ ཀུ་ཤའི་རྩེ་མོ་གཡས་ཁ་ཐུག་སྦེ་བཏིང་བའི་ཐོག་ལུ་ སྐྱིལ་ཀྲུང་སྦེ་བཞུགས་ཏེ། སྟན་འདིར་བདག་གི་ལུས་འདི་སྐམ་ཡང་རུང་། །པགས་པ་རུས་པའི་ཚོགས་རྣམས་ཞིག་ཀྱང་རུང་། །བསྐལ་མང་རྙེད་དཀའི་བྱང་ཆུབ་མ་ཐོབ་པར། །སྟན་འདི་ལས་ནི་ལུས་བསྐྱོད་མི་བྱའོ། །ཟེར་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་དམ་མཅའ་བརྟན་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཞེས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རང་ཉིད་ དགུང་ལོ་སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་ལྔ་བཞེས་པའི་ས་ག་ཟླ་བའི་ཚེས་བཅོ་ལྔའི་སྲོད་ལུ་བདུད་བཏུལ། གུང་ཐུན་གྱི་མཐར་བསམ་གཏན་བཞི་པའི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་མངོན་དུ་གྱུར་ནས་ ཐོ་རངས་སྟག་གི་དུས་སམ་ཚེས་ ༡༦ གི་དྲོ་པ་ཤར་བརྡ་བཏང་བའི་ (རྒྱལ་རྔ་བརྡུང་བའི་) དུས་ཚོད་ལུ་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ ལྷའི་མིག་གི་མངོན་ཤེས་དང་ ཟག་པ་ཟད་པའི་མངོན་ཤེས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི་བདེན་པ་དང་། ཀུན་འབྱུང་གི་བདེན་པ་དང་། འགོག་པའི་བདེན་པ་དང་། ལམ་གྱི་བདེན་པ་བཞི་མཐར་ཕྱིན་ཏེ་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་ནུག།

དེ་སྐབས་ལུ་ལྟས་བཟང་པོ་ས་གཡོ་བ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་འབྱུང་སྟེ། དེ་ཡང་། འགུལ། རབ་ཏུ་འགུལ། ཀུན་ཏུ་རབ་ཏུ་འགུལ། གཡོ། རབ་ཏུ་གཡོ། ཀུན་ཏུ་རབ་ཏུ་གཡོ། རྡེག རབ་ཏུ་རྡེག ཀུན་ཏུ་རབ་ཏུ་རྡེག འཁྲུག རབ་ཏུ་འཁྲུག ཀུན་ཏུ་རབ་ཏུ་འཁྲུག འུར་འུར་ རབ་ཏུ་འུར་འུར། ཀུན་ཏུ་རབ་ཏུ་འུར་འུར། ཆེམ་ཆེམ་ རབ་ཏུ་ཆེམ་ཆེམ། ཀུན་ཏུ་རབ་ཏུ་ཆེམ་ཆེམ་སྟེ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་ལུ་གཡོ་བ་དང་། འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས་འདི་ན་ ཕྱེད་ཡོལ་ གླང་གི་དུས་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ཟླཝ་སྒྲ་གཅན་གྱིས་བཟུང་བ་སོགས་ ལྟས་སྣ་ཚོགས་དང་བཅས་མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་སོ་ནུག།

༥ སྐུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པའི་དུས་ཆེན།

དེ་ཡང་བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་དགུང་གྲངས་བདུན་ཅུ་དོན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་ལོ་ལུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདའ་བར་དགོངས་རུང་ བྲམ་ཟེ་སུ་ཀ་སིད་དྷི་དང་ཙུནྡ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ སྐུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་མི་འདའ་བར་བཞུགས་པར་གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་ད་ ལོ་གསུམ་བཞུགས་པར་ཞལ་གྱིས་བཞེས་ཏེ་མྱང་འདས་ཀྱི་མདོ་འབུམ་པ་ཚུ་གསུངས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ནུག། ལོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་རྒྱབ་ལས་བདུད་ཀྱིས་ མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདའ་བར་གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་བཞིན་དུ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ཞལ་བཞེས་གནང་ནུག

དེ་ཡང་སངས་རྒྱས་སྟོང་རྩའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཆེན་མོ་ལས། བདུད་ཚུ་གིས་སངས་རྒྱས་མི་ཡུལ་ལུ་བཞུགས་པར་མ་དགའ་བར་དེ་སྦེ་ཞུ་ནུག། ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཁྱོད་ སེམས་ཅན་དགའ་བར་བྱེད་པ་དེ་བདེན་ནམ་ཟེར་ཞུཝ་ད། བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱིས་དེ་ནི་དགའ་བར་བྱེད་དོ་ཞེས་གསུངས་ནུག། བདུད་ཀྱིས། འོ་ན་ ང་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདའ་བར་དགའོ་ མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདའ་བར་ཞུ་ཟེར་ཞུཝ་ད་ ཡང་དག་པར་རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདའ་བར་གནང་ངོ།། ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་ལྟར་ བདུད་ཀྱི་ངོ་སྲུང་བའི་ཕྱིར་དང་ གདུལ་བྱ་ལེ་ལོ་ཅན་ཚུ་ཆོས་ལུ་བསྐུལ་བའི་ཕྱིར་ མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདའ་བར་ཞལ་གྱིས་བཞེས་ནུག།

དེ་ཡང་སྟོན་པ་རང་ཉིད་དགུང་གྲངས་བརྒྱད་ཅུ་བཞེས་པའི་གནམ་ལོ་ལྕགས་འབྲུག་ས་ག་ཟླ་བའི་ཉ་སྟེ་ ཚེས་བཅོ་ལྔའི་མཚན་ཐུན་བར་པའི་མཇུག་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ རྒྱལ་བའི་བསྟན་པ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་ དེ་ལས་སངས་རྒྱས་རང་གི་འཁོར་དགེ་བསྙེན་ཕ་མ་གཉིས་དང་ དགེ་སློང་ཕ་མ་གཉིས་ཏེ་ རྣམ་པ་བཞི་དང་བཅས༌པ་ག་ར་ གནས་བརྟན་འོད་སྲུང་ཆེན་པོ་ལུ་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་དེ་ སྐུའི་སྟོད་གཡོགས་བསལ་ནས་ དགེ་སློང་དག་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྐུ་ལ་ལྟོས་ཤིག་ དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་ལ་བལྟ་བ་ནི་རྙེད་པར་དཀའ་སྟེ་ ཨུ་དུམ་ཝཱ་ར་བཞིན་ནོ། །དགེ་སློང་དག་ཅང་མ་སྨྲ་ཞིག་དང་། འདི་ལྟར་ འདུས་བྱས་ཐམས་ཅད་ནི་འཇིག་པའི་ཆོས་ཅན་ནོ། ། ཞེས་ངེས་པར་འབྱུང་བའི་གསུང་གི་མཐའ་མ་བསྩལ་ཏེ་ གདུལ་བྱ་ལེ་ལོ་ཅན་ཚུ་ ཆོས་ལུ་བསྐུལ་བའི་ཆེད་དུ་ མཚན་ཐུན་ཐ་མ་འགོ་བཙུགསཔ་ད་གཅིག་ཁར་ གྲོང་ཁྱེར་རྩྭ་མཆོག་གི་ཤིང་ས་ལཱ་ཟུང་གཅིག་གི་རྩྭ་བར་རེ་ཞིག་ དགོངས་པ་ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་བའི་ཚུལ་སྟོན་གནང་ནུག།

དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ས་ག་ཟླ་བའི་ནང་ སྤྱི་དང་ལྷག་པར་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་དགེ་སྦྱོར་གྱི་ ལཱ་ག་ཅི་འབད་རུང་ ཕན་ཡོན་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འགྱུར་ཡང་ག་ནི་ལས་ཆེ་བར་ཡོད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ག་ར་འབད་རུང་ལྷག་བསམ་རྣམ་དག་གི་སྒོ་ལས་ གདུང་ཤུགས་དྲག་པོས་སངས་རྒྱས་ལུ་དམིགས་པའི་དད་པ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ དགེ་སྒྲུབ་སྡིག་སྤོང་འབད་དགོཔ་ཤིན་ཏུ་ནས་གལ་ཆེཝ་ཨིན་ལགས།
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    <title>གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་འཁྲུངས་སྐར་དུས་ཆེན།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;ལོ་བསྟར་རང་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་ཚེས་བཅུ༌ལུ་ སྤྲེལ་ཟླ་ཚེས་བཅུ་ཟེར་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པའི་དུས༌ཆེན༌སྦེ༌བརྩི༌སྲུང༌ཞུཝ༌ཨིན། གུ༌རུའི༌འཁྲུངས་སྐར༌འདི་ ཟླཝ་ ༤ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ དང་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="9171" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ལོ་བསྟར་རང་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་ཚེས་བཅུ༌ལུ་ སྤྲེལ་ཟླ་ཚེས་བཅུ་ཟེར་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པའི་དུས༌ཆེན༌སྦེ༌བརྩི༌སྲུང༌ཞུཝ༌ཨིན། གུ༌རུའི༌འཁྲུངས་སྐར༌འདི་ ཟླཝ་ ༤ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ དང་ ཟླཝ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ཚུ་ནང་ཡང་བརྩི་སྲོལ་ཡོད་རུང་ ད་ལྟོ་གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ངལ་གསོའི་དུས་ཆེན་འདི་ འབྲུག་ལུགས་བསྟན་རྩིས་དང་ ཕུག་རྩིས་དགོངས་མཐུན་སྦེ་ རང་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལུ་ཆ་བཞག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

དེ་ཡང་འཇམ་དཔལ་སྒྱུ་འཕྲུལ་དྲྭ་བ་ལས། དཔལ་ལྡན་སངས་རྒྱས་པདྨ་སྐྱེས། །ཀུན་མཁྱེན་ཡེ་ཤེས་མཛོད་འཛིན་པ། །རྒྱལ་པོ་སྒྱུ་འཕྲུལ་སྣ་ཚོགས་འཆང་། །ཆེ་བ་སངས་རྒྱས་རིགས་སྔགས་འཆང་། །ཞེས་ལུང་གིས་བསྔགས་པ་ལྟར་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་འདི་ཉིད་ སྤྱིར་ དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི་གསུང་གི་བདག་ཉིད་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ ཁྱད་པར་དུའང་ ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་བདེ་ལྡན་གྱི་ཞིང་གི་མགོན་པོ་འོད་དཔག་མེད་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་ཀ་ནས་གསེར་གྱི་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཧྲཱིཿས་མཚན་པ་ཞིག་ལས་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་འཁྲུངསཔ་ཨིན། 

དེ་ཡང་གནས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ དབུས་གྱུར་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་གྱི་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཡུལ་གྱི་ལྷོ་ནུབ་ཁ་ཐུག་ སྲིན་པོའི་ཡུལ་དང་ཐག་ཉེ་བའི་དྷ་ན་ཀོ་ཤའི་མཚོའམ་སྲིན་དྷུའི་མཚོ་གླིང་དུ་ ཁ་མདོག་སྣ་ཚོགས་དང་ལྡན་པའི་པདྨའི་སྡོང་པོའི་སྦུབས་སུ། དུས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ སངས་རྒྱས་སྐུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པའི་ལོ་ལྔ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ ཤིང་ཕོ་སྤྲེལ་ལོ་སྤྲེལ་གྱི་ཟླ་བའམ་ ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་ཚེས་བཅུའི་སྔ་དྲོ་ཉི་ཤར་གྱི་དུས་ལུ། ཕ་མེད་མ་མེད་རང་བྱུང་སྤྲུལ་པའི་སྐུ་ལུ་ ཁྱེའུ་ཆུང་ལོ་བརྒྱད་ལོན་པའི་ན་ཚོད་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངསཔ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མཚན་དང་དཔེ་བྱད་ཆ་ཚང་སྐུ་ལུ་རྫོགས་ཏེ་ ཕྱག་གཡསཔ་ལུ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་གཡོནམ་ལུ་པདྨ་བསྣམས་སྦེ་ པད་སྡོང་གི་རྩེ་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད། ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཨིནྡྲ་བོ་དྷི་བར་པ་ལུ་ སྲས་མེད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སྲས༌ཀྱི༌དོན༌ལུ༌ ཡར་མཆོད་མར་སྦྱིན་འཕྲོ༌མཐུད༌དེ༌གནང༌ནིའི༌དོན༌ལས༌ རྒྱ་མཚོའི་གླིང་ལུ་ཡིད་བཞིན་གྱི་ནོར་བུ་ལེན་པར་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ལོག་བྱོན་པའི་ལམ་ཁར་ ཐོག་མར་ཆོས་བློན་ཏྲིཀྵ་ན་འཛིན་གྱིས་སྤྲུལ༌པའི༌སྐུ༌འདི༌ མཇལ་ཏེ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ལུ་ཞུ་ནུག། རྒྱལ་པོ་གིས་པད་མའི་སྡོང་པོ་ལས་ཁྱེའུ་བླངས་ཏེ་ མཚན་ལུ་ཡང༌པདྨ་འབྱུང་གནས་ཟེར་ཞུ༌ཞིནམ༌ལས༌ དྲི་བ་ལྔ་དྲིས་ནུག།

ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་ཡབ་ག་ཨིནམ། ཡུམ་ག་ཨིནམ། གཡུས་ག་ལས་སྨོ། གསོལ་ཚོགས་ག་ཅི་བཞེསཔ། ཕྱག་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་སྨོ་ཟེར་དྲིསཝ་ད། ཁྱེའུ་གིས། ང་ཡི་ཕ་ནི་རིག་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཡིན། །མ་ནི་དབྱིངས་ཕྱུག་ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་མོ་ཡིན། །ཡུལ་ནི་ཆོས་དབྱིངས་སྐྱེ་བ་མེད་པ་ཡིན། །རིགས་ནི་དབྱིངས་རིག་གཉིས་སུ་མེད་པར་གཏོགས། །ཟས་སུ་གཉིས་སྣང་རྟོག་པ་ཟ་བ་ཡིན། འདི་ན་ཉོན་མོངས་གསོད་པའི་སྤྱོད་པ་སྐྱོང་། །ཟེར་གསུངསམ་ལས་ ཡ་མཚན་གྱི་གནས་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ ཕོ་བྲང་ནང་གདན་དྲངས་ཞིན་ན་ སྲས་ཀྱི་ཚབ་འབད་དེ་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཕུལ། མཚན་ཡང་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག།

དུས་ཆེན་འདི་ ང་བཅས་རའི་ནཱ་ལུ་བརྩི་དགོ་མི་འདི་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་ དང་པ་ང་བཅས་རའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ དུས་རབས་ ༨ པའི་ནང་བྱོན་ཏེ་བདུད་བཏུལ། གསང་སྔགས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་འཁོར་བསྐོར། ས་གཞི་སྦས་གནས་ལུ་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས། ཟབ་མོའི་གཏེར་ཁ་སྦས། ཚོགས་གསོག་གི་དད་རྟེན་ལུ་ ཕྱག་ཞབས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་རྗེས་མང་རབས་ཅིག་བཞག་གནང་བའི་ བཀྲིན་ཅན་གྱི་བདག་ཉིད་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད།

གཉིས་པ་ལུ་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་་འདི་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཐམས་ཅད་དང་གཉིས་སུ་མེད་པའི་མཁྱེན་བརྩེ་ནུས་པའི་ བདག་ཉིད་ཅན་ཨིན་པའི་ཁར་ ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ང་བཅས་ར་གངས་ཅན་ལྷོ་མོན་ལྗོངས་ཀྱི་ དུས་ངན་སྙིགས་མའི་འགྲོ་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ལས༌བསྐྱབ་ནིའི་ཞལ་བཞེས་མཛད་དེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ལུ་ དང་འདོད་ཡིད་ཆེས་ཕྱིར་མི་ལྡོག་པའི་དད་པ་སྐྱེས་ཏེ་ ཚིག་བདུན་གསོལ་འདེབས་ཀྱིས་སྣ་དྲངས་པའི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྤྱིར་ཚེས་བཅུ་ནམ་ཤར་གྱི་དུས་དང་ ཁྱད་པར་དུ་སྤྲེལ་ཟླའི་ཚེས་བཅུ་ལུ་གསོལ་བ་དྲག་ཏུ་བཏབ་པ་ཅིན་ ཚེ་འདི་ཕྱི་གཉིས་ཆ་ར་ལུ་ བྱིན་རླབས་དང་དངོས་གྲུབ་ འབད་མེད་ལྷུན་འགྲུབ་ཏུ་འབྱུང་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དེ་གི་དོན་ལུ་སྤྲེལ་ཟླའི་ཚེས་བཅུ་འདི་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ངལ་གསོ་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞག་གནངམ་ཨིན་ནོ།།
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      <text bytes="11107" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ཧོར་ཟླ་དྲུག་པའི་ཚེས་ ༤ ལུ་ ཆོས་འཁོར་བསྐོར༌བའི༌དུས་ཆེན་ཟེར་ཞུཝ་ཨིན། དེ་སྦེ་ཞུ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ཡང་ བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ ཟླ་ ༤ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་ མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་ཚེས་ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ ཞག་བདུན་ཕྲག་བདུན་ནམ་ ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༦ པ་ཆུ་སྟོད་ཟླ་བའི་ཚེས་བཞི་ཚུན་ཚོད་ལུ་ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ཟབ་གནད་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་འདི་རྟོགས་དཀའ་བ་དང་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་བསྐོར་བར་བསྐུལ་བའི་བསོད་ནམས་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ། ཟབ་བཞི་སྤྲོས་བྲལ་འོད་གསལ་འདུས་མ་བྱས། །བདུད་རྩི་ལྟ་བུའི་ཆོས་ཤིག་ཁོ་བོས་རྙེད། །སུ་ལ་བསྟན་ཀྱང་གོ་བར་མི་ནུས་པས། །མི་སྨྲ་ནགས་འདབས་ཉིད་དུ་གནས་པར་བྱ། ཟེར་གསུངས་ཏེ་གསུང་བཅད་དེ་བཞུགས༌ནུག།

དེ༌ལས༌ ལྷ་ཚངས་པ་གིས་ ཚེ་སྔོན་མའི་སྨོན་ལམ་དྲན་ཏེ་སངས་རྒྱས་བཞུགས་སར་བཅར༌ཏེ། སྨྲ་བའི་ཉི་མ་ཅི་སླད་དེ་རིང་བཏང་སྙོམས་བཞུགས། །དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྔ་བོ་ཆེ་ནི་བརྡུང་དུ་གསོལ། །དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་དུང་ནི་རབ་ཏུ་འབུད་དུ་གསོལ། །ཟེར་ཙནྡན་གྱི་ཕྱེ་མ་གཏོར་ཏེ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་བསྐོར་བར་བསྐུལ་རུང་ ཞལ་བཞེས་མ་མཛདཔ་ལས་ ལྷ་ཚངས་པ་འདི༌ སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ་ལུ་འགྱོ་ཞིན་ན་ལས་ ལྷའི་དབང་པོ་བརྒྱ་བྱིན་ཡང་ཁྱིད་དེ་འོངམ་ད། བརྒྱ་བྱིན་གྱིས་ནོར་བུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་ཕུལ་ཏེ། ཟླ་བ་ཉ་བ་གཟའ་ལས་ཐར་བ་ལྟར། །ཐུབ་པ་ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་ནི་རྣམ་པར་གྲོལ། །གཡུལ་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་བ་བཞེངས་སུ་གསོལ། །འཇིག་རྟེན་མུན་པར་ཤེས་རབ་འོད་དབྱུང་གསོལ། །ཟེར་གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་རུང་ཞལ་གྱིས་མ་བཞེས་པས།

དོ་རུང་ཚངས་པ་གིས་གསེར་གྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་རྩིབས་སྟོང་དང་ལྡན་པ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ ལོག་ཅི་ལོག་ཅི་གསོལཝ་བཏབཔ་ད། སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་འཁོར་ལོ་ཡང་བཞེས་སྦེ། ཚངས་པ་མ་ག་དྷཱ་ཡི་སེམས་ཅན་གང་། །རྣ་བར་ལྡན་ཞིང་དད་དང་ཤེས་རབ་ལྡན། །མི་འཚེ་འདུ་བྱེད་རྟག་ཏུ་ཆོས་ཉན་པ། །དེ་དག་ལ་ནི་བདུད་རྩིའི་སྒོ་དབྱེའོ། །ཟེར་ཞལ་གྱིས་བཞེས་པའི་སྒྲ་ལྷ་ཡུལ་ག་ར་ལུ་ཁྱབ་སྟེ་ ལྷ་ཚུ་ཡང་ཆོས་ཉན་པར་འོང་ནུག།

དེ་ལས་འཁོར་གྱི་ཐོག་མར་རངས་བྱེད་ཀྱི་བུ་ལྷག་སྤྱོད་དང་། སྒྱུ་རྩལ་ཤེས་ཀྱི་བུ་རིང་འཕུར་གཉིས་གདུལ་སླ་བ། སྦྱང་སླ་བ། ཤེས་རབ་གསལ་བ་ཨིནམ་མཁྱེན་རུང་ ལྷག་སྤྱོད་ཤི་སྟེ་ཞག་བདུན་དང་། རིང་འཕུར་ཤི་སྟེ་ཞག་གཉིས་སོངམ་ལས་ སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཡང་ཐུགས་ཕམ་མཛད་དགོཔ་ཐོན་སོ་ནུག།

དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ དྲག་ཤོས་ར་ཀུན་ཤེས་ཀཽཌིནྱ། རྟ་ཐུལ། རླངས་པ། མིང་ཆེན། བཟང་ལྡན་ཚུ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་ཚུ་ག༌ར་སྔོན་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ ལོ་དྲུག་དཀའ་བ་སྤྱད་པའི་སྐབས་ཀྱི་མཆེད་གྲོགས་ཨིན་རུང་ སངས་རྒྱས་ལོ་དྲུག་གི་ཏིང་ངེ་འཛིན་ལས་བཞེངས་ཏེ་ ངལ་དུབ་ཀྱི་མཐའ་བསལ་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཁ་ཟས་ཆུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་བཞེསཔ་ལས་ མ་དད་པར་ཝཱ་རཱ་ཎ་སི་ལུ་བྱོག་སོང་སྦེ་གོའུ་ཏ་མ་ལྷོད་པ། མང་དུ་ཟ་བ། སྤོང་བ་ལས་ཉམས་པ་ ཟེར་སྨད་པ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་སྡོད་མི་ཨིན་པས། སངས་རྒྱས་ལས་ཆོས་མི་ཞུ་ནི་དང་ གུས་ཞབས་མི་ཞུ་ནི་གི་ནང་ཁྲིམས་དམ་རུང་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་བརྩེ་བས་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ཝཱ་རཱ་ཎ་སི་ལུ་བྱོནམ་ད་ རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ཁྲི་སྟོང་ཕྲག་ཅིག་	རང་བཞིན་གྱིས་བྱུང་བའི་འདས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་གསུམ་གྱི་ཁྲི་ལུ་གུས་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་བཏུད་དེ་ ཁྲི་བཞི་པའི་ཐོག་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་ད་	ཁྲི་གཞན་ཚུ་ཡལ་སོ་ནུག

དེ་ལས་ འཁོར་ལྔ་སྡེ་བཟང་པོའི་ནང་ཁྲིམས་ཡང་རང་ཞིག་ཏུ་སོང་སྟེ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ལུ་གུས་བཏུད་ཞུ་སྟེ་ཐོན་འོངམ་ལས་ ཤུལ་ལས་འཁོར་གྱི་མཆོག་ལྔ་སྡེ་བཟང་པོ་ཟེར་ ཡོངས་གྲགས་ལོག་སོ་ནུག།	 སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱིས་ འཁོར་ལྔ་སྡེ་བཟང་པོ་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་ལྷ་བརྒྱད་ཁྲི་དང་བཅསཔ་འཚོགས་པའི་དབུས་སུ།	 རྒྱ་རྩིས་པའི་སྟོན་ཟླ་འབྲིང་པོ་ཧོར་ལུགས་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༤ ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་བདེན་པ་བཞི་ཡི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་ངོ་བོ་ལ་བཟླས་པ་བཞི། བྱ་བ་ལ་བཟླས་པ་བཞི།	བྱ་བའི་འབྲས་བུ་ལ་བཟླས་པ་བཞི་སྟེ་ བཟླས་པ་ལན་གསུམ་གྱི་སྒོ་ལས་ ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་འགོ་དང་པ་བསྐོར་གནང་ནུག།

དེ་ཡང་གཙོ་བོ་གསོག་འཇོག་ཚུ་ དགག་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་འདོད་པ་བསོད་ཉམས་ཀྱི་མཐའ་སྤོང་བ་དང་། ཁ་ཟས་རོ་བརྒྱ་པ་ཚུ་རྗེས་སུ་གནང་བའི་སྒོ་ལས་  དོན་མེད་པའི་དཀའ་ཐུབ་བདག་ཉིད་དུབ་པ་ལ་སྦྱོར་བའི་མཐའ་སྤོང་བ་སྟེ་ མཐའ་གཉིས་སྤོང་བའི་ཕྱིར་ འདུལ་བའི་སྡེ་སྣོད་འདུལ་བ་ལུང་སྡེ་བཞི་དང་ གསུང་རབ་ཡན་ལག་བཅུ་གཉིས་ལོ་གཉིས་དང་ ཟླཝ་བཅུ་གཅིག་གི་རིང་ལུ་གསུངས་ནུག།

དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ཆོས་འཁོར་འགོ་དང་པ་ བསྐོར་གནང་བའི་དུས་ཆེན་གྱི་ཉིནམ་དེ་ཁ་ལས་ཚུར་ ང་བཅས་ར་འཛམ་གླིང་གི་མི་ཚུ་ མ་རིག་པའི་མུན་པ་ལས་ཐར་ཏེ་ སྡུག་བསྔལ་མེད་པའི་བདེ་བ་ཐོབ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དུས་ཆེན་དི་ འཛམ་གླིང་སྤྱི་དང་ ལྷག་པར་ནང་པའི་ཆོས་འབད་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ ག་ནི་ལས་གལ་ཆེ་བའི་ཉིནམ་ཅིག་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ དུས་དྲན་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུཝ་ཨིན། དུས་ཆེན་འདི་ཁར་ ཆོས་སྤྱོད་ཀྱི་ལས་རིམ་ཚུ་དང་ དགེ་བ་གཞན་ག་ཅི་ཨིན་རུང་ བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་དེ་བསྒྲུབ་པ་ཅིན་ བསོད་ནམས་དཔག་མེད་བསག་ནི་ཨིནམ་ལས་ གཞུང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ཡང་ མི་མང་དགེ་སྒྲུབ་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ངལ་གསོ་སྦེ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན་ནོ།།
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;ལོ་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་དབུགས་ཐོབ་ཉི་མ་ལུ་ ཁྲུས་བབས་ཀྱི་ངལ་གསོ་ཕོགཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ཧེ་མ་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས་འདི་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་སྦེ་ གྲུབ་ཚར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ སེམས་ཅན་སྤྱི་མ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6612" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ལོ་ཨ་རྟག་ར་ ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་དབུགས་ཐོབ་ཉི་མ་ལུ་ ཁྲུས་བབས་ཀྱི་ངལ་གསོ་ཕོགཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ཧེ་མ་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས་འདི་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་སྦེ་ གྲུབ་ཚར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ སེམས་ཅན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་གྱི་ལས་ཀྱི་དབང་ལས་ ཉི་ཟླ་སྐར་གསུམ་ འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ཁམས་འདིར་འཆར་བའི་དུས་སྐབས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནུག།

དེ་ཚུ་གི་གྱལ་ཁར་ སྐར་མ་རི་ཥིའམ་ཁྲུས་སྐར་ཟེར་མི་ཅིག་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་བཞིན་དུ་ འདི་གི་འཆར་ལུགས་ཡང་ དབང་ཆེན་རིའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རི་རབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱེད་ཀ་ལས་ཕར་ གསེར་གྱི་རི་བོ་གཉའ་ཤིང་འཛིན་གྱི་རི་བོའི་རྩེ་སྟེ་ རྒྱ་མཚོ་ལས་དཔག་ཚད་ཉིས་ཁྲི་གིས་མཐོ་བའི་གནམ་ཁ་ལས་ ཟླ་བ་དྲུག་ཉི་མ་ལུ་དང་ ཟླ་བ་དྲུག་ནུབ་མོ་ལུ་སྦེ་ཤར་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།

སྐར་མ་འདི་ ངོ་བོ་ཆུ་ཤེལ་གྱི་རང་བཞིན་ ནོར་བུ་ཀེ་ཏ་ཀ་ལས་གྲུབ་གྲུབཔ་ ཞེང་ཚད་རྒྱང་གྲགས་དྲུག་གི་ཚད་དང་ལྡན་པའི་གུ༌ གསེར་གྱི་ས་གཞི་ལུ་གསེར་གྱི་ར་བས་བསྐོར་བ་ ལྷའི་གྲོང་ཁྱེར་དང་སྐྱེད་མོས་ཚལ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ག་ནི་བས་ ཉམས་དགའ་བས་བརྒྱན་པའི་རྒྱུ་སྐར་འདི་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ རི་རབ་བསྐོར་ཏེ་ཤརཝ་ཨིན༌མས། 

གསེར་གྱི་རི་བོ་མུ་ཁྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ རྒྱ་མཚོའི་དབུས་སུ་ དང་ཕུ་ ལྷ་ཀླུ་གནོད་སྦྱིན་དྲང་སྲོང་བདེན་པ་གྲུབ་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ རིན་པོ་ཆེ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ལས་ རྒྱལ་བ་རྣམ་པར་སྣང་མཛད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་བརྙན་ཅིག་བཞེངས་ཏེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་གི་ དབུའི་གཙུག་ཏོར་ཡང་ ནོར་བུ་ཆུ་ཤེལ་ལས་གྲུབ་གྲུབ་ཨིན་མས། དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ལོ་རེ་བཞིན་ ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པའི་ནང་ཚར་རེ་ དབུགས་ཐོབ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་རྒྱུ་སྐར་རི་ཥི་འདི་ སངས་རྒྱས་རྣམ་པར་སྣང་མཛད་དེའི་ དབུའི་གཙུག་ཏོར་གྱི་ཐད་ཀའི་ནམ་མཁར་ལྷོད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།

སྐར་མ་འདི་ སངས་རྒྱས་རྣམ་པར་སྣང་མཛད་ཀྱི་དབུའི་གཙུག་ཏོར་འབྱིད་དེ་འགྱོ་ཚུགས་ཚུགས་ལུ་ ཞག་བདུན་འགོར་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དེའི་རིང་ལུ་རྒྱལ་བ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ཐུགས་བསྐྱེད་དང་ དྲང་སྲོང་རྣམས་ཀྱི་བདེན་ཚིག་ སེམས་ཅན་སྤྱི་མཐུན་གྱི་བསོད་ནམས་ཀྱི་སྟོབས་ལས་ སངས་རྒྱས་རྣམ་པར་སྣང་མཛད་ཀྱི་ དབུའི་གཙུག་ཏོར་ཆུ་ཤེལ་གྱི་རང་བཞིན་ཅན་འདི་ལས་ བདུད་རྩིའི་རྒྱུན་ཉིན་ཞག་བདུན་གྱི་རིང་ལུ་འབབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་མས།

བདུད་རྩིའི་རྒྱུན་གྱི་ཟེགས་མས་ཁྱབ་པའི་ འཛམ་གླིང་གི་ཆུ་ཕྲན་ཚུ་ཡང་ བདུད་རྩིའི་རང་བཞིན་དུ་འགྱུར་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དུས་དེ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ ཁྲུས་ལུ་བརྩོན་པ་ཅིན་ ང་བཅས་ར་གི་ལས་སྒྲིབ་བག་ཆགས་ངན་པ་ཚུ་དག་ནི་དང་ རྐྱེན་བར་ཆད་ནད་ཡམས་རིམས་ཚད་ཚུ་ཞི་སྟེ་ བདེ་བ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་འཐོབ་ནི་ཨིན་མས།

དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ ཁྲུས་བབས་ཉིནམ་དང་པའི་ཚེ་གཞུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ངལ་གསོ་སྦེ་བཞག་གནང་མི་འདི་ མི་མང་ག་ར་གཙོ་བོ་ཁྲུས་འབད་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་དང་ དེ་དང་འབྲེལ་མི་དགའཝ་འཛོམས་ཏེ་ གླིང་ག་ཚུ་ནང་སྤྲོ་བཤལ་འགྱོ་ནི་དང་ བཞེས་སྒོ་ལེགས་ཤོམ་ཟ་སྟེ་ སེམས་སྤྲོ་བའི་རྩེད་སྟོན་དང་དགའ་སྤྲོ་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་ ལུས་སེམས་ལུ་ངལ་གསོ་ཐོབ་པའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནི་ཨིན།
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    <title>ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལྷ་མོའི་སྒྲུབ་མཆོད།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;ལོ་བསྟར་ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་ཚེས་ ༦ ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལྷ་མོའི་སྒྲུབ་མཆོད་ཀྱི་ ལྷ་མོ་གཙོ་མོའི་དངོས་འཆམ་མཇལ་ནིའི་ངལ་གསོ་ཨིན།  འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ ལོ་བསྟར་བཙུགས་སྲོལ་ཡོད་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="13560" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ལོ་བསྟར་ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་ཚེས་ ༦ ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལྷ་མོའི་སྒྲུབ་མཆོད་ཀྱི་ ལྷ་མོ་གཙོ་མོའི་དངོས་འཆམ་མཇལ་ནིའི་ངལ་གསོ་ཨིན།

འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལུ་ ལོ་བསྟར་བཙུགས་སྲོལ་ཡོད་པའི་ འདོད་པའི་ཁམས་ཀྱི་དབང་ཕྱུག་ཆེན་མོ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོ་དུད་སོལ་མའི་དངོས་འཆམ་དང་ ལྷ་དབང་སྒྲུབ་མཆོད་ཆེན་པོ་འདི་ཉིད་ སྔོན་ལྷོ་མོན་ཁ་བཞི་ལུ་མིང་ཙམ་ཡང་མ་གྲགས་པའི་ ཡ་མཚན་རྨད་དུ་བྱུང་བའི་དུས་མཆོད་ཅིག་ཨིན།

དེ་ཡང་རྒྱལ་སྲས་བདག་ཉིད་ཆེན་པོ་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ནམ་ མཚན་གཞན་གྷ་ན་པ་ཏི་ཟེར་ཞུ་མི་འདི་ ང་བཅས་རའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བཀྲིན་འགྲན་ཟླ་དང་འབྲལ་བའི་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་སྲས་འཇམ་དཔལ་རྡོ་རྗེ་ཡང་སྲིད་དང་པ་ཨིན། ཁོ་གིས་དཔལ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོ་དུད་སོལ་མ་འདི་དངོས་ཉམས་མནལ་ལམ་ཚུ་ནང་ ཡང་བསྐྱར་གྱི་བར་དུ་ཞལ་མཇལ་ཞིང་ གསུང་ཐོས་ཀྱི་ལུང་བསྟན་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ ལྷ་མོ་གཙོ་མོ་འཁོར་དང༌བཅས་པའི༌སྐུ་འཆམ་ ང་བཅས་ར་ཚུ་གིས་ ད་ལྟོའི་བར་ན་མཇལ་ནི་གི་སྐལ་བ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ བདག་ཉིད་ཆེན་པོ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་མཛད་དེ་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན།

རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་འདི་ ཡབ་དབོན་པོ་རྡོ་རྗེ་དང་ཡུམ་ཀརྨ་ལྷ་མོ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ གནས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་གི་ས་ཁུལ་མཚམས་འབྲོག་དགོན་ནམ་ བཀྲིས་ཆོས་གླིང་དུ་ དུས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་གཉིས་པའི་ས་སྦྲུལ་ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༡༠ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢ ལུ་ སྔོན་གྱི་སྨོན་ལམ་གྱི་ལུང་བསྟན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ནུག།

ཟླ་བ་གཅིག་དེ་ཅིག་ཁ་ལུ་ གཡུས་ཁ་གི་བླ་སློབ་ཚུ་གིས་ བླ་མའི་ཡང་སྲིད་ཅིག་ཨིན་པའི་ལུང་བསྟན་གནངམ༌མ༌ཚད༌ ཟླ་བ་དྲུག་དེ་ཅིག་ལུ་རྒྱ་གར་ལས་ཛོ་ཀི་ཧེ་རུ་ཀའི་ཆས་ཅན་གཉིས་བྱོན་ཏེ་ ཁྲུས་གསོལ་དང་གསེར་སྐྱེམས་གསོལ་མཆོད་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ མཚན་གྷ་ན་པ་ཏི་ཟེར་གསོལ་ནུག།

ལོ་ལྔ་ལས་སྐུ་ཚེ་སྔ་མའི་ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་གསལ་བར་གསུངས་ཏེ་ སྔོན་མའི་ཅ་ཆས་ཚུ་ག་ར་ངོས་འཛིན་མཛདཔ་ལས་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་འབྲུག་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་སུ་སྤྱན་དྲངས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་སྤྲུལ་སྐུར་མཚན་གསོལ་དང་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།

དེ་ལས་ མི་ཕམ་ངག་དབང་འབྲུག་སྒྲ་རྒྱ་མཚོ། རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་རྒྱལ། ངག་དབང་བསམ་གཏན། དམ་ཆོས་པད་དཀར་ཚུ་ཡོངས་འཛིན་སྦེ་བསྟེན་ཏེ་མཁས་པའི་ཡང་རྩེར་སོན་ཏེ་ གོང་མའི་གདན་ས་ཆེན་པོ་ལྕགས་རི་ལུ་བླ་སྒྲུབ་དང་ བདེ་མཆོག་གི་བསྙེན་པ་སོགས་ལུ་བརྩོན་ཅིང་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ བདེ་མཆོག་འཁོར་ལོ་སྡོམ་པ་ལྷ་བཅུ་གསུམ་གྱི་རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པ་དང་ གཤིན་རྗེ་གཤེད་ཀྱི་ལྷ་ཚོགས་ཚུ་ཡང་ ཞལ་དངོས་སུ་གཟིགས། དམ་ཅན་སྲུང་མ་ཚུ་ཡང་ མི་བཞིན་དུ་དངོས་སུ་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་དང་ ཕྲིན་སྒྲུབ་བྱེད་པ་སོགས་གྲུབ་པའི་མངའ་དབང་ལུ་འབྱོར་ནུག།

ཕྱིས་སུ་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་རྒྱལ་ཁྲི་ཐོག་ལུ་ཕེབས་ཏེ་ བཀྲིས་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྫོང་གི་དབུ་རྩེ་ཆེན་མོར་བཞུགས་པའི་སྐབས་ཤིག་ལུ་ སྐྱེ་མེད་འོད་གསལ་གྱི་གདངས་ལ་ སྔར་དང་མི་འདྲ་བའི་མནལ་ལམ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ནང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོ་མཇལ་ཏེ་ ལུང་བསྟན་ཐོབ་མི་འདི་རྗེ་རང་གིས་གསུང་རིས་སུ་བཀོད་མི་ནང་། 

མ་ཅིག་དུད་སོལ་ལྷ་མོ་སྙིང་ལ་དྲན། །ཐུགས་རྗེས་བཟུང་ཞེས་སྨྲེ་ངག་གསོལ་བཏབ་པས། །ལྷ་མོ་དར་གྱི་སློག་པ་གསོལ་བ་ཅིག །བྱུང་ནས་བུ་ཁྱོད་ཡར་ལ་ལྟོས་ཤིག་གསུངས། །བདག་སེམས་རབ་དགའི་དད་པས་ཡར་བལྟས་ཚེ། །ནམ་མཁའི་དཀྱིལ་དུ་ཐིག་ལེ་སྔོ་སྐྱ་ཅིག །ཧྲིལ་ཧྲིལ་རྟ་བདུན་འོད་ཟེར་དང་འདྲེས་པ། །ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་ཕ་རྗེ་ཡ་ཀི་ཡིན་ནོ་གསུངས། །དེ་ཀར་བདག་ཉིད་དྲན་མེད་ས་ལ་འགྱེལ། །སླར་ཡང་ལྷ་མོ་གཞོན་ནུ་ཡིད་འོང་དེས། །ཞལ་འཛུམ་དང་བཅས་མཛེས་པའི་ཕྱག་གཉིས་ཀྱིས། །བདག་གི་སྤྱི་བོ་ནས་བཟུང་ཡར་བཏེག་སྟེ། །ཆོས་སྐུ་སྐྱེ་མེད་དབྱིངས་རིག་དག་པའི་ཀློང་། །མ་འགག་ལོངས་སྐུ་ཕ་རྗེ་ཡིན་ནོ་བུ། །སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཁྱེད་དང་འདྲ་བ་ག་ལ་སྲིད། །ཐུགས་ངལ་མ་མཛད་ལྷ་སྲས་ཀུན་ཏུ་དགའ།།

ཞེས་པ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ རྨི་ལམ་དུ་ལུང་བསྟན་པ་ལྟར་དུས་སྐབས་དེར་ ཡེ་ཤེས་ལྷ་མོའི་དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་རྟེན་དང་བརྟེན་པར་བཅས་པ་ཇི་ལྟར་གཟིགས་པ་བཞིན་ཕྱི་རབས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་དད་རྟེན་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྐྱེན་སེལ་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་གནད་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ སྤུངས་ཐང་ཁའི་མགོན་མངས་སྒྲུབ་མཆོད་དང་རྗེས་སུ་མཐུན་པར་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ནང་ལུ་ཡང་ ལྷ་མོ་དུད་སོལ་མའི་སྒྲུབ་མཆོད་ཆེན་མོ་འདི་ ས་ཆོག་ནས་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ མཐའ་རྒྱས་སྨོན་ལམ་གྱི་བར་ སྔར་མེད་གསར་དུ་འཛུགས་པར་མཛད་པ་མ་ཚད་ ལྷག་པར་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་ཚེས་དྲུག་གི་ཉིན་མར་ལྷ་མོ་རེ་མ་ཏིས་སྣ་དྲངས་ཏེ་ ལྷ་མོ་མཆེད་བཞི་དང་སྒོ་མ་བཞི་གདོང་ཅན་བརྒྱད། དཔལ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོ་གཙོ་མོ་དང་ དེའི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་འགུགས་བྱེད་ གསོད་བྱེད་ སྒྲོལ་བྱེད་གསུམ་བཅས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་འཆམ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ཁོ་རང་གིས་བརྩམས་ཏེ་ གནང་མི་ག་ཨིནམ་སྦེ་ ད་ལྟོ་བར་ན་ ལྷ་འཆམ་མཐོང་གྲོལ་ཆེན་མོའི་ཟློས་གར་དངོས་སུ་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོད།

དེའི་ཉིན་མར་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་གྱི་ངལ་གསོ་བཞག་དགོ་མི་འདི་ སྤྱིར་ལྷ་མོ་གཙོ་མོའི་དངོས་འཆམ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་གྱིས་དག་སྣང་ལུ་མཇལ་ཏེ་ལུང་བསྟན་ཐོབ་པའི་གནང་བ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ ལྷ་མོའི་འཆམ་གསར་བརྩམས་མཛད་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ གཏེར་འཆམ་མཐོང་གྲོལ་ཆེན་མོ་དང་། གཉིས་པ་ལུ་ ལྷ་མོའི་དངོས་འཆམ་མཇལ་བ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ རང་གི་སྡིག་སྒྲིབ་དག་ རྐྱེན་ངན་བར་ཆད་སེལ་ནི་དང་ དད་པ་སྦོམ་བསྐྱེད་དེ་ གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་པ་ཅིན་ མཆོག་ཐུན་མོང་གི་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཡང་ ཐོབ་ནི་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད། གསུམ་པ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་བསྟན་པའི་ཕྲིན་ལས་དང་ དགེ་འདུན་འདུས་སྡེ་ཆེན་པོའི་བདག་གཉེར་གཙོ་བོ་ཅིག་ མ་ཅིག་དཔལ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོ་འདི་གིས་མཛད་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་བསྟན་པ་ ཇི་སྲིད་བསྐལ་བརྒྱར་བརྟན་པའི་གསོལ་འདེབས་སྨོན་ལམ་དང་ འདོད་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནིའི་གོ་སྐབས་ཡང་ དེ་སྐབས་ཐོབ་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ཨིན།

དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ལྷ་མོ་གཙོ་མོའི་དངོས་འཆམ་མཇལ་ནིའི་ངལ་གསོའི་སྐབས་ རང་བཞིན་དགའ་སྤྲོ་བསྒྱུར་ནི་གི་དོན་དག་ཙམ་མ་ཡིན་པར་ལོ་ ༡ ལུ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་ལྷ་མོ་གཙོ་བོའི་ཞལ་མཇལ་ནི་ཚར་གཅིག་ལས་མེདཔ་ལས་ ག་དེ་འབད་རུང་དད་མོས་སྦོམ་མའི་ཐོག་ལས་ཞལ་མཇལ་ཏེ་ གསོལ་འདེབས་སྨོན་ལམ་བཏབ་དགོཔ་ག་ནི་ལས་གལ་ཆེཝ་ཨིན་ནོ།།
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལས་ ཉིནམ་ ༣ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཚེས་བཅུའི་ངལ་གསོ་ཨིན།  དེ་ཡང་  རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ནི་ ཡབ་འབྲུག་པ་ཀུན་ལེགས་ཀྱི་གདུང་རབས་གཉིས་པ་ཚེ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་དང་...&quot;</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11654" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལས་ ཉིནམ་ ༣ ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཚེས་བཅུའི་ངལ་གསོ་ཨིན།

དེ་ཡང་  རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ནི་ ཡབ་འབྲུག་པ་ཀུན་ལེགས་ཀྱི་གདུང་རབས་གཉིས་པ་ཚེ་དབང་བསྟན་འཛིན་དང་ ཡུམ་ཕ་ཇོ་འབྲུག་སྒོམ་གྱི་གདུང་རབས་ ལྕང་སྒང་ཁ་བླ་མའི་སྲསམོ་ དམ་ཆོས་བསྟན་འཛིན་གྱི་སྲས་ལུ་རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༡ པའི་ས་སྟག་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༣༨ ལུ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ ཡབ་དང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་དང་ གྲུབ་ཐོབ་སྦྱིན་པ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ དམ་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་དང་ རྗེ་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་སོགས་ལས་ མདོ་སྔགས་རབ་འབྱམས་ཀྱི་གསན་བསམ་དང་ དབང་ལུང་ཁྲིད་གསུམ་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ཉམས་བཞེས་གྲུབ་སྟེ་ མཁས་གྲུབ་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང་ཐོབ་ནུག།

དེའི་ཤུལ་ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་རང་ཉིད་ དགུང་གྲངས་ཞེ་གསུམ་བཞེསཔ་ད་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༨༠ ལྕགས་སྤྲེལ་དགུན་འབྲིང་རྒྱལ་ཟླ་གསུམ་པ་ལུ་ སྡེ་སྲིད་བཞི་པའི་ཁྲི་ལུ་བྱོན། ལོ་དེའི་ཁྲུམས་ཟླ་བརྒྱད་པའི་ཚེས་བཅུ་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ དང་པ་ར་ གུ་རུའི་ཚེས་བཅུ་ཉིནམ་ ༣ ཉི་མ་ལྷོ་ནུབ་མའི་སྤྱན་འདྲེན་སྐབས་ གུ་རུ་དངོས་སུ་བྱོན་པ་ལྟ་བུའི་ཐོག་ལས་ གསེར་སྦྲེང་དང་བཅས་པའི་ སྤྲོས་བཅས་ཀྱི་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ཚེས་བཅུ་རྒྱས་པ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག།

ཤུལ་ལས་ འཆམ་རྒྱས་པར་བཙུགས་དགོ་མི་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་ཚེས་བཅུ་གསར་བཙུགས་གནངམ་ད་ར་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཁོ་རའི་ཐུགས་དགོངས་ལུ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཚེས་བཅུའི་སྐབས་ གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་གར་འཆམ་དང་འབྲེལ་བར་བཙུགས་དགོས་པའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད་གནངམ་གནང་སར་ཡོད་པའི་ཁར་ ཞབས་དྲུང་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་གིས་སྔོན་མ་ལས་ བདེ་མཆོག་འཁོར་ལོའི་སྒྲུབ་མཆོད་ཀྱི་སྐབས་ རིག་མ་བཅུ་དྲུག་གི་མཆོད་པ་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་ གར་འཆམ་འཛུགས་རྒྱུའི་རུས་རྒྱན་ཚུ་གི་ཅ་ཆས་མང་པོར་བསྒྲུབས་གནང་རུང་ སྲོལ་རྒྱུན་བཙུགས་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ལུས་མི་འདི་གི་ ཐུགས་དགོངས་ཡང་རྫོགས་པར་བསྒྲུབ་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་བཙུགས་གནང་གནངམ་ཨིན་མས།

དེའི་དོན་ལུ་ བོད་ལྷོ་བྲག་འཇའ་ལུང་པ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཚེ་རིང་ སྔར་ལྷ་ལུང་ཆོས་སྡེར་ཞུགས་རུང་ ཕྱིས་འབྲུག་པའི་ཆོས་སྒོར་ཞུགས་ཏེ་སྡོད་པའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་ གཏུམ་རྔམ་དང་ རིག་མ་བཅུ་དྲུག་གི་གར་འཆམ་ ལེགས་པར་སྦྱང་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་ནན་དུ་བསྩལ་ཏེ་ བོད་ལུ་ཆེད་མངགས་བཏང་གནངམ་བཞིན་དུ། ཁོ་གིས་བོད་ གོང་དཀར་གྱི་ཆོས་སྡེ་རྡོ་རྗེ་གདན་ལས་ མཚན་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་འཆམ་དང་། སྣེ་གདོང་ཆོས་སྡེ་དང་ ལྷ་ལུང་ཆོས་སྡེ་ཚུ་ལས་ མཚམས་གཅོད། གཏུམ་རྔམ། རྒྱན་དྲུག། མཁའ་འགྲོ་སྡེ་ལྔ་། དཔའ་མོའི་རྔ་འཆམ། དུར་ཁྲོད་བདག་མོའི་གིང་འཆམ་བཅས་ ཟླཝ་བརྒྱད་ཀྱི་རིང་ལུ་ ཆ་ཚང་མཐར་ཕྱིནམ་སྦེ་ལྷབ་ནུག།

དེ་ལས་ལོག་འབྲུག་ལུ་ལྷོད་ཞིན་ན་ འཆམ་དེ་ཚུ་རྒྱལ་སྲས་ལུ་གཟིགས་འབུལ་ཕུལཝ་ད་ཐུགས་མཉེས་ཏེ་ དང་པ་ར་དགེ་བཤེས་ངག་དབང་འབྲུག་པ་དང་ ཆོས་རྗེ་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གཉིས་ལྷབ་བཅུག་ དེ་ལས་རིམ་བཞིན་སྐུ་དྲུང་ཚེ་དབང་རྡོ་རྗེ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་ལུས་རྩལ་ཅན་ཚུ་ལུ་ ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་སྦྱང་བཅུག་ཞིན་ན་ལས་ གནས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྫོང་ཆེན་འདི་ནང་། དུས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པ་རབ་བྱུང་བཅུ་གཉིས་པའི་མེ་ཡོས་ལོའི་ སྟོན་ཟླ་ར་བའི་ཁྲུམས་ཟླ་སྟེ་ ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༨ པའི་ཚེས་བཅུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༦༨༧ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་ ཧེ་མ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཚེས་བཅུའི་སྲོལ་གསར་བཙུགས་གནང་མི་དང་འབྲེལ་ཏེ་ གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་དང་ རིག་མ་བཅུ་དྲུག་ གཏུམ་རྔམ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྤྲོས་བཅས་གར་འཆམ་དང་བཅས་པའི་དུས་སྟོན་གསར་འཛུགས་གནང་ནུག།

དེ་ཡང་འདུ་ཁང་ཆེན་མོར་ དགེ་འདུན་བརྒྱ་ཕྲག་མང་པོས་ བླ་མ་དགོངས་འདུས་ཀྱི་ལས་བྱང་ མེ་ཏོག་ཕྲེང་མཛེས་ཀྱི་སྒྲུབ་མཆོད་རིམ་པར་གནང་གྲུབ་པའི་མཐར་ ལྷ་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་དགྱེས་པ་བསྐོང་བའི་ཕྱིར་ ཞྭ་ནག་དང་མཚམ་གཅོད་ཞྭ་ནག་རྔ་འཆམ་ དུར་ཁྲོད་བདག་མོ་དང་ གཏུམ་རྔམ་ གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་དང་ དཔའ་མོའི་རྔ་འཆམ། རིག་མ་བཅུ་དྲུག་ མཁའ་འགྲོ་སྡེ་ལྔའི་མཆོད་དབྱངས་ཀྱི་གར་འཆམ་སོགས། ཉིནམ་གསུམ་གྱི་རིང་ རོལ་རྩེད་དུ་བསྒྱུར་ཏེ་ སྐྱེ་འགྲོ་ཀུན་གྱི་འདོད་པའི་རེ་བ་སྐོང་བར་མཛད་པ༌འདི་ནི་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་བདག་ཉིད་ཆེན་པོ་བསྟན་འཛིན་རབ་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་བཀྲིན་ཨིན།

ཚེས་བཅུ་དེ་སྐབས་ རྒྱལ་ས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་གི་ཆ་འོག་ལུ་ ཉིནམ་ ༣ གྱི་གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ངལ་གསོ་བཞག་སྲོལ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ཡང་ རང་གིས་དད་པ་གིས་ལྕོགས་པ་ཅིན་ གུ་རུ་མཚན་བརྒྱད་དང་ རིག་མ་བཅུ་དྲུག་དངོས་སུ་མཇལ་བ་དང་ གར་འཆམ་མཇལ་བ་ལ་ཕན་ནུས་དང་ བྱིན་རླབས་ཚུ་ཁྱད་པར་མེདཔ༌ལས་ དངོས་འཆམ་མཇལ་དགོས་པའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ དེ་ཚུ་ཡང་འཇིག་རྟེན་པའི་གཡེང་ཐབས་ཀྱི་རྩེད་འཆམ་དང་མ་འདྲ་བར་ལྷ་ཚོགས་དེ་ཚུ་དངོས་སུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ དེར་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་མི་དང་ ས་གཞི་ལུ་བྱིན་རླབས་དང་ དད་པ་ཅན་ལུ་བར་ཆད་རྐྱེན་སེལ་དང་ ལས་ཉོན་སྡིག་སྒྲིབ་དག་པའི་མཐོང་གྲོལ་ཡང་ཨིནམ་ལས་ ག་དེ་འབད་རུང་མཇལ་དགོཔ་གལ་ཆེ།

དེ་ཁར་ དུས་ཕྱིས་ལུ་ ༡༩༥༨ དེ་ཅིག་ཁ་ལས་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་རབས་གསུམ་པ་ མངའ་བདག་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ པད་གླིང་གིང་གསུམ་ དགྲ་མེད་རྩེའི་རྔ་འཆམ་ རཀྵ་དམང་འཆམ་ ཤཝ་ཤ་ཁྱི་ ཨ་ཅོ་ཕན་ཐོཊ་ལ་སོགས་པའི་བོད་འཆམ་ཚུ་ཡང་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ཚེས་བཅུ་ཉིནམ་ ༡ འཐེབ་སེང་སྟེ་ ལྷ་འཆམ་དང་ བོད་འཆམ་མ་འདྲཝ་མང་རབས་ཅིག་མཇལ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དེ་ཚུ་མཇལ་ཚུགས་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ངལ་གསོ་ཉིནམ་གསུམ་བཞག་གནངམ་ཨིན་ནོ།།
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ དཤཻཾ་དུས་སྟོན་འདི་ སྔོན་མ་སྲིན་པོ་རཀྟ༌བིཛ་བཏུལ་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ལྷ་མོ་དུརྒ་གིས་ལྷ་མོ་ནག་མོ་ལུ་སྤྲུལ་པའི་ཉིནམ་དང་ རྒྱལ་པོ་རམ་གྱིས་ ལངྐའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ར་ཝན་བཏུལ་བའ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="19519" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ དཤཻཾ་དུས་སྟོན་འདི་ སྔོན་མ་སྲིན་པོ་རཀྟ༌བིཛ་བཏུལ་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ལྷ་མོ་དུརྒ་གིས་ལྷ་མོ་ནག་མོ་ལུ་སྤྲུལ་པའི་ཉིནམ་དང་ རྒྱལ་པོ་རམ་གྱིས་ ལངྐའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ར་ཝན་བཏུལ་བའི་ཉིམ་དེ་ལུ་དཤཻཾ་གི་དུས༌སྟོན༌སྦེ་བརྩིཝ་ཨིན།

ཧེ་མ་ སྲིན་ཡུལ་ལངྐ་ལུ་ སྟོབས་དང་དཔུང་ཆེ་ཞིང་ རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་ལྡན་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ ལངྐ་མགྲིན་བཅུ་ཟེར་གཟུགས་གཅིག་ལུ་ དབུ་བཅུ་ཡོད་པ་དེ་ཡང་ དབུས་ཀྱི་རྟ་མགོ་མ་བཅད་ཀྱི་བར་ན་ ལྷ་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལས་མི་འཆི་བའི་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཐོབ་མི་ཅིག་བྱུང་ནུག།

རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མི་ཐི་ལཱ་ཟེར་ས་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་པོ་ཛ་ནག་ཟེར་མི་ཅིག་དང་ དེའི་སྲས་མོ་མཚར་སྡུག་ཅན་སཱི་ཏཱ་ ཟེར་མི་ཅིག་བྱུང་ནུག། དེ་དང་དུས་མཉམ་དུ་འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་གི་རྒྱལ་པོ་(དཤ་ར་ཐ) ཤིང་རྟ་བཅུ་པ་ཟེར་མི་ཅིག་བྱུང་ནུག། རྒྱལཔོ་དེ་ལུ་ བཙུན་མོ་ཀཽཤ་ལྱཱ་ ཀཻ་ཀེ་ཡི་ སུ་མིཏྲ་གསུམ་ཡོད་མི་དེ་ཚུ་ལས་ སྲས་ཤྲཱི་རཱམ་ཙནྡྲའམ་དགའ་བྱེད། བྷ་རཏ། ལཀྵ་མཎ། ཤཏྲུ་ཧ་ན་བཅས་བཞི་འཁྲུངས་ནུག་ རྒྱལ་པོ་འདི་གི་རྒྱལ་ས་ལྟེ་བ་ཨ་ཡཱོ་དྷ་ཟེར་ས་ལུ་ཨིན།

དེ་ལས་ ནམ་ཅིག་གི་ཚེ་ ཡབ་རྒྱལ་པོས་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབང་ཆ་ སྲས་སྦོམ་ཤོས་དགའ་བྱེད་ལུ་གནང་ནི་འབདཝ་ད་ བཙུནམོ་བར་པ་ཀཻ་ཀེ་ཡི་གིས་མོ་རང་གི་བུ་ བྷ་རཏ་འདི་ རྒྱལ་པོ་སྦེ་བཞག་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ཕོ་རྒནམ་དགའ་བྱེད་དང་ སཱི་ཏཱ་ནགས་ཚལ་ནང་ལུ་ ལོ་བཅུ་བཞི་གི་བར་མཐའ་བཤུད་གཏང་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཞུ་ནུག། རྒྱལ་པོ་གིས་འདི་ལུ་གསན་དགོ་པའི་དོན་དག་འདི་ ཧེ་མ་རྒྱལ་པོ་ད་ཤ་རཐ་ཁོ་ར་ ལྷ་ཡུལ་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ་ལུ་ ལྷ་མ་ཡིན་ཚུ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་དམག་རྐྱབ་པའི་བསྒང་ ཤིང་རྟ་འཁོར་ལོ་གི་འཛེར་འཐོན་འགྱོཝ་ད་ བཙུན་མོ་གིས་མཛུབ་ཅུང་བཙུགས་ཏེ་དམག་རྐྱབ་རྐྱབ་ཨིན་མས། དམག་རྐྱབ་ཚརཝ་ད་ རྒྱལ་པོ་གིས་ མོ་ར་གི་འདོད་པ་ག་ཡོད་རྒྱལ་པོ་གིས་འགྲུབ་ནིའི་ཞལ་བཞེས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཨིན་མས།

དེ་བསྒང་ རྒྱལ་པོ་ཛ་ནག་གི་སྲས་མོ་ ག་ནི་ལས་འཇའ་རི་བའི་སཱི་ཏཱ་དེ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཚུ་ག་ར་ག་ཐོབ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ མནའམ་ལྷང་པར་འོང་ནུག། ཡབ་རྒྱལ་པོ་གིས་ ཁོ་རང་འབད་ས་ལུ་ མི་ག་གིས་ཡང་འཐུ་མ་ཚུགས་མི་ལྷ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་གཞུ་རྙིངམ་ཅིག་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ འཐུ་སྟེ་བཀང་ཚུགས་མི་ཡོད་པ་ཅིན་ སཱི་ཏཱ་འདི་ མནའམ་སྦེ་བྱིན་ནི་ཨིན་ཟེར་བཀའ་ཁྲིམས་བསྒྲགས་པའི་ཚེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲས་ག་ར་འོངས་སྦེ་འཐུ་རུང་འཐུ་མ་ཚུགས་པར་ལུསཔ་མ་ཚད་ སྲིན་པོའི་རྒྱལཔོ་ལངྐ་མགྲིན་བཅུ་པ་འོངས་ཏེ་འཐུ་རུང་འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པས། མཇུག་ལུ་ར་རྒྱལ་སྲས་དགའ་བྱེད་ཀྱིས་འཐུ་སྟེ་འགྲོས་ཀྱིས་སྦེ་འཐེན་ཏེ་གཞུ་བཀངམ་ད་ གཞུ་འདི་བཀང་ཚུགས་པ་གིས་མ་ཚད་ དུམ་གསུམ་སྦེ་བཅག་སྟེ་ར་བཏང་ཚུགས་ནུག། རྒྱུ་མཚན་འདི་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ སཱི་ཏཱ་དགའ་བྱེད་ཀྱིས་ཐོབ་ཆི་རུང་ ཡབ་ཡུམ་གྱི་བཀའ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ རི་ཁར་འགྱོ་དགོསཔ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ སཱི་ཏཱ་དང་ལཀྵ་མཱན་འཁྱིད་སྦེ་ཡར་སོ་ནུག།

རྒྱལ་པོ་དགའ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ནུ་ཅུང་བྷ་ར་ཏ་འདི་ ཨ་ཞང་གི་གཡུས་ཁར་སོང་སྦེ་སྡོད་རུང་ ཡུམ་ཀཻ་ཀེ་ཡི་གིས་མ་བཞག་པར་རྒྱལཔོ་འབད་དགོཔ་བཀའ་གནངམ་ལས་ བྷ་ར་ཏ་གིས་ཡབ་དགོངསཔ་རྫོགས་པའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཐོབ་ཐངས་ཕོ་རྒནམ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ལུ་ཨིན་ཟེར་མནོ་སྟེ་ ཕོ་རྒནམ་དགའ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་ཞབས་ལྷམ་ཀྲེབ་ཀྲེམ་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁྲི་གུ་བཞག་སྦེ་ ཉིན་ལྟར་བཞིན་དུ་གུས་ཞབས་ཚར་རེ་ཞུ་ཡི་ར་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཕྱག་ལས་གནང་བཞུགས་ནུག།

དེ་ལས་དགའ་བྱེད་རི་ཁ་ལུ་སྡོདཔ་ད་ ཉིནམ་ཅིག་འབདཝ་ད་ ར་ཝན་གྱིས་གཡོ་སྒྱུ་འབད་དེ་ སྲིན་མོ་བསླུ་བྱེད་མ་(མ་རེཇེ་)གིས་གསེར་གྱི་ཀ་ཤ་ལུ་སྤྲུལ་སྦེ་ སྦོ་ལོགས་ཁར་རྩྭ་ཟ་བར་འོངམ་ད་ སཱི་ཏཱ་གིས་གསེར་ཀྱི་ཀ་ཤ་འདི་བཟུང་ཟེར་སླབ་ལས་ དགའ་བྱེད་ཀྱིས་བདའ་སྟེ་འགྱོཝ་ད་ ལཀྵ་མན་སཱི་ཏཱ་གི་ཆ་རོགས་སྦེ་བཞག་ནུག།

ཡུདཔ་ཅིག་ཁ་ལས་ དགའ་བྱེད་ཀྱི་མདའ་ཀ་ཤ་དེ་ལུ་རྐྱབ་ད་ ཀ་ཤ་གིས་ཡ་སཱི་ཏཱ། ཡ་ལཀྵ་མཱན་ཟེར་སྐད་རྐྱབ་ནུག། སྐད་འདི་སཱི་ཏཱ་དང་ ལཀྵ་མཱན་གྱིས་གོཝ་ད་ དགའ་བྱེད་ཀྱིས་ཆ་རོགས་འབད་བར་ཤོག་ཟེར་སླབ་འདྲ་བས་མནོ་སྟེ་ ལཀྵ་མཱན་གྱིས་སཱི་ཏཱ་གི་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་དོན་ལུ་ པད་སྐོར་བསྒྱིར་ཏེ་གཞུ་གིས་མཚམས་བཅད་དེ་ མཚམས་དེའི་ནང་འཁོད་ག་ཡང་འོང་མ་ཚུགསཔ་བཟོ་སྦེ་ཡར་སོ་ནུག།

ཁོ་རྒྱབ་ཐལཝ་ཅིག་ རྒྱལ་པོ་ར་ཝན་སྒོམ་ཆེན་བཟུམ་བཟོ་འོང་ཞིན་ན་ བསོད་སྙོམས་ལྷང་པར་འགྱོཝ་ད་ གཞུ་གིས་མཚམས་རིས་ནང་ན་མ་ཐལ་བས། སཱི་ཏཱ་མོ་ར་བསོད་སྙོམས་འབག་སྟེ་ས་མཚམས་ཕྱི་ཁར་ཤོག་ཟེར་སླབ་སྟེ་ ཕྱི་ཁར་ཐོནམ་ཅིག་ སཱི་ཏཱ་ར་ཝན་གྱིས་བཟུང་སྟེ་རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་གྱིས་ལངྐ་ལུ་འབག་ཡར་སོང་ནུག།

དེ་ལས་ ལཀྵ	་མཱན་རྒྱལ་པོ་དགའ་བྱེད་འབད་སར་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ ཀ་ཤ་འདི་ མིག་འཕྲུལ་ཨིནམ་ཤེས་ཏེ་ལོག་འོང་ནུག། ཁོང་རང་སྡོད་སར་ལྷོདཔ་ད་ སཱི་ཏཱ་མེད་པར་འཚོལ་བར་འགྱོཝ་ད་ གཤོག་སྒྲོ་བཏོག་སྟེ་ས་ཁར་བུད་སོ་པའི་བྱི་ཅུང་ཅིག་གིས་ རཱ་ཝན་གིས་ སཱི་ཏཱ་འབག་སྟེ་ནམ་མཁའ་ལས་འཕུར་འགྱོཝ་ད་ ང་གིས་ཁ་འཕྱལ་ནི་འབད་རུང་ རཱ་ཝན་གྱིས་ངེའི་གཤོག་སྒྲོ་བཏོགས་བཏང་དཔ་ལས་ འབད་མ་ཚུགས་པར་སཱི་ཏཱ་འབག་ཡ་སོ་ཡི་ཟེར་སླབ་ནུག།

དེ་ལས་ སི་ཏ་སྲིན་ཡུལ་ལུ་འབག་འགྱོཝ་ཧ་གོ་སྟེ་ ལུང་པའི་ཕུ་ལུ་ཡོད་མི་ སྤྱ་གི་རྒྱལཔོ་མགྲིན་བཟང་གི་བློན་པོ་ ལྷ་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་སྲས་བར་པ་མིག་ཏོ་གསུམ་ཡོད་མི་ ཧ་ནུ་མནཐ་ཟེར་མི་འདི་ རོགས་རམ་འཚོལ་སྦེ་བལྟ་བར་བཏང་ནུག། སྲིན་ཡུལ་ལུ་ལྷོད་དེ་ སཱི་ཏཱ་བཙོན་ལུ་བཙུགས་སར་སོང་སྟེ་ ང་རྒྱལཔོ་དགའ་བྱེད་ཀྱིས་བཏངམ་ཨིན་ཟེར་ མཛུབ་དཀྱིས་སྟོནམ་ལས་ཡིད་ཆེས་ཏེ་ སཱི་ཏཱ་གིས་རྒྱལ་པོ་རམ་ལུ་ ར་ཝན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་དམག་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ མོ་ལེན་པར་ཤོག་ཟེར་ཁ་འཐེན་བཏངམ་ལས་ ཧ་ནུ་མནཐ་མཆོངས་ཐེངས་གཅིག་གིས་ དགའ་བྱེད་ཡོད་སར་ལོག་འོང་ནུག།

ལོ་རྒྱུས་ཚུ་སླབ་ཞིན་ན་ སྤྱ་གི་དམག་ཚོགས་བསྡུ་སྟེ་རྒྱ་མཚོའི་འགྲམ་ལུ་སོང་ཞིནམ་ལས་ དུས་ཚོད་གནམ་གང་གི་ཕྱི་རུ་ཅིག་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ལྷ་མོ་དུརྒ་དང་ལྷ་ཆེན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལུ་ གསོལ་མཆོད་ཕུལ་ཏེ་གསོལཝ་བཏབ་ནུག། ལྷ་མོའི་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ རྒྱ་མཚོའི་མགུ་ལས་ཡང་ སྤྱ་ཚུ་གཅིག་གིས་གཅིག་ལགཔ་མཐུད་དེ་ ཟམ་བཙུགས་ས་ལས་སོང་སྟེ་ སྲིན་ཡུལ་ལུ་ལྷོད། སྲིན་པོའི་རྒྱལཔོ་ར་ཝན་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ ཚེས་ ༡ ལས་ ༩ ཚུན་ ཕྱད་མདའ་རྐྱབ་སྟེ་ཚེས་ ༡༡ ཉིན་སྲིན་པོའི་རྒྱལཔོ་རཱ་ཝན་བསད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁ་ཐོབ་པའི་དུས་འབད་ནི་དེ་གིས་ ད་རེས་ཡང་དེའི་ཉིན་མར་ ལྷ་མོ་ལུ་མཆོད་པ་ཕུལ་ཏེ་ དཤཻཾ་དུས་སྟོན་བརྩི་སྲུང་འབད་དགོས་པའི་ཁུངས་ དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཨིན།

དུས་ཚོད་དེའི་ཉིན་མར་ དང་ཕུ་ང་བཅས་རའི་མི་ཚུ་ཟ་མི་གི་སྲིན་པོ་རཀྟ་བཱིཛ་ཟེར་མི་ དེ་གི་ཁྲག་ཐིགས་པ་རེ་ས་ཁ་ལུ་བུདཝ་ད་ ས་ལས་ཡང་ སྲིན་པོའི་དམག་ཁྲི་ཕྲག་མང་པོ་ཐོན་ཚུགས་མི་ཅིག་བྱུང་ནུག། དེ་གསད་ནི་གི་ཐབས་ལུ་ མི་ཚུ་ག་ར་གིས་ལྷམོ་དུརྒ་ལུ་ གསོལ་བ་བཏབཔ་ད་ དུརྒ་གིས་ ལྷ་མོ་ནག་མོ་ལུ་སྤྲུལ་ཏེ་ སྲིན་པོའི་ཁྲག་ས་ཁ་ལུ་ཟག་མ་བཅུག་པར་རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་ལྕེ་གིས་བལྡགས་ཏེ་ ཉིནམ་བཅུ་པ་ལུ་ སྲིན་པོ་དེ་དམ་ལུ་བཏགས་པའི་དུས་ཚོད་འདི་ཡང་ ཉིམ་དེ་ལུ་ཕོགཔ་ཨིན།

དུས་ཆེན་དེའི་སྐབས་ ལྷ་མོ་ལུ་གསོལ་མཆོད་ཕུལཝ་ད་ ཧེ་མ་དམར་མཆོད་འབད་དེ་ར་གསོལ་མཆོད་ཕུལཝ་ཨིན་རུང་ ཤུལ་ལས་ དུས་ཆེན་འདི་ ནག་ཕྱོགས་ལས་དཀར་ཕྱོགས་རྒྱལ་བའི་ དགའ་སྟོན་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་སྲོག་གཅོད་མ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ དྲག་ནི་མས་ཟེར་ ལ་ལུ་ཅིག་གིས་ཉིམ་བདུན་པ་འདི་ལུ་ སྲོག་གཅོད་འབད་དེ་ཉིནམ་གཞན་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་སྲོག་གཅོད་མ་འབད་བར་བཞག་སྲོལ་འདུག། ཉིནམ་བཅུ་པའི་ཚེ་ དྲོ་པར་ཞོ་དང་འབྲས་ཚུ་བསྲེས་ཏེ་གསོལ་མཆོད་ཕུལ་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ འབྲས་ ཀར་ ནག་ གེ་ཟ་ཚུ་བཏབ་པའི་ལྕུག་ཀུ་གིས་སྦེ་སྨོན་འབྲུ་སྦྱརཝ་ཨིན།

ཊཱི་ཀཱ་དང་པ་དེ་ སོ་སོའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ལུ་སྦྱར་དགོཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ དེའི་གོ་སྐབས་མ་ཐོབ་མི་ཚུ་གིས་དང་པ་ར་ ཁྱིམ་ནང་གི་མ་སྒོའམ་ཀཝ་སྦོམ་ཤོས་ཅིག་ལུ་ཊཱི་ཀ་སྦྱརཝ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་གཞུང་ཚབ་དང་རྒཔོ་ འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་ལུ་ རིམ་པ་བཞིན་དུ་སྦྱར་བའི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ རང་རང་སོ་སོའི་ཁྱིམ་ནང་གི་མི་ཚུ་ རྒན་རིམ་བཞིན་སྦྱརཝ་ཨིན། ཊཱི་ཀཱ་སྦྱར་བའི་ཉིནམ་ལུ་ མ་མཐུན་པ་ཡོད་རུང་ དགའ་བཞིན་སྤྲོ་བཞིན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ གཉེན་ཉེ་འཁོར་ག་ར་ལུ་ཚེས་ ༡༠ ལས་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ཚུན་ཉིནམ་ལྔའི་རིང་ ཊཱི་ཀཱ་སྦྱར་ཏེ་དུས་སྟོན་འབདཝ་ཨིན།

དུས་ཚོད་འདི་ ལོ་བསྟར་བཞིན་དུ་ ཚེས་གྲངས་ལྷག་ཆད་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ སོར་ཏེ་འགྱོཝ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ཚེས་དང་འགྲིགས་མི་ཚུགས། ཨིན་རུང་ ཧིན་དྷུའི་དུས་ཚོད་བརྩི་སྲོལ་སམ་བྷད་སར་ཟེར་ཡོད་མི་གི་ཟླཝ་ ༦ པ་ཨ་སུ་ཝིན་གྱི་དཀར་ཕྱོགས་ཟེར་ ལོ་བསྟར་ ཉིམ་དུས་སྦྱོར་བུ་མོའི་ཁྱིམ་ནང་ལྷོད་པའི་ཚེས་གྲངས་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ཉིནམ་བཅོ་ལྔའི་རིང་རྩི་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ དུས་ཚོད་འདི་ འབྲུག་ཟླ་ལས་འབདན་མང་ཤོས་ར་ཟླཝ་ ༨ པའི་ནང་ཕོགཔ་ཨིན།

དུས་སྟོན་འདི་ ང་བཅས་རའི་དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ལྷོ་མཚམས་མི་སེར་ཚུ་གིས་ བརྩི་སྲུང་འབདཝ་ལས་བརྟེན་ མི་སེར་སོ་སོའི་འདོད་པ་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ གཞུང་གིས་ཡང་གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ངལ་གསོ་ཉིནམ་གཅིག་བཞག་སྦེ་ དུས་ཆེན་བརྩི་ཐོག་ལས་དགའ་སྤྲོ་འབདཝ་ཨིན།
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    <title>ལྷ་བབས་དུས་ཆེན།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-05-09T10:44:45Z</timestamp>
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        <username>NThinley</username>
        <id>8965</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;ཟླཝ་ ༩ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༢ ཀྱི་ཉིནམ་འདི་ བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་ སྟེང་ལྷ་ཡུལ་ལས་ འཇིག་རྟེན་མི་ཡུལ་ལུ་བབས་ཏེ་བྱོན་པའི་ལྷ་བབས་དུས་ཆེན་ཨིན།  དེ་ཡང་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="8589" xml:space="preserve">ཟླཝ་ ༩ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༢ ཀྱི་ཉིནམ་འདི་ བདག་ཅག་གི་སྟོན་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་ སྟེང་ལྷ་ཡུལ་ལས་ འཇིག་རྟེན་མི་ཡུལ་ལུ་བབས་ཏེ་བྱོན་པའི་ལྷ་བབས་དུས་ཆེན་ཨིན།

དེ་ཡང་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་ཏེ་ བདུན་ཕྲག་གཅིག་གི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ ཡུམ་སྒྱུ་མ་ལྷ་མཛེས་འདི་གཤགས་སོ་ནུག། སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ཡུམ་ལུ་དྲིན་ལན་འཇལ་ནིའི་ཐུགས་བཞེད་ག་དེ་སྦེ་གནང་རུང་ མཛད་ཐབས་ཅིག་གཞན་ག་ནི་ཡང་མ་བྱུང་པར་ལུས་ས་ལས་ ཤུལ་མར་ཡུམ་སྒྱུ་མ་ལྷ་མཛེས་ སྟེང་ལྷ་ཡུལ་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ་པའི་ལྷ་གནས་ལུ་ སྐྱེ་བ་བཞེས་ཏེ་བཞུགས་ཡོདཔ་མཁྱེན་ཆི་ནུག།

དེ་ལས་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཁོ་ར་ མངོན་པར་རྫོགས་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་ཏེ་ ལོ་དྲུག་གི་ཤུལ་ལུ་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༤༡ བཞེས་པའི་ཆུ་སྟོད་ཟླ་བའམ་ ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༦ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ ལུ་ ལྷ་ཡུལ་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ་ལུ་ ཡུམ་གྱི་དྲིན་ལན་འཇལ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ཆོས་གསུང་པར་བྱོན་ནུག། ཚེས་ ༡༦ ལས་འགོ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ སྐྱེད་ཚལ་ཀོ་བི་ད་རའི་དྲུང་དུ་ དབྱར་གནས་ཟླཝ་གསུམ་བཞུགས་པར་ཞལ་བཞེས་མཛད་དེ་ ལ་བ་དཀར་པོའི་རྡོ་ལེབ་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལུ་བཞུགས་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ཡུམ་གྱིས་གཙོས་པའི་ལྷ་དང་ལྷ་མོ་ཚུ་ལུ་ ཆོས་འཁོར་བསྐོར་སྦེ་བཞུགས་ནུག།

དེ་བསྒང་ འཇིག་རྟེན་མི་ཡུལ་ལུ་ མིའི་འཁོར་དགེ་བསྙེན་ཕ་མ་གཉིས་དང་ དགེ་སློང་ཕ་མ་གཉིས་ཏེ་འཁོར་རྣམ་པ་བཞི་དང་ སྦྱིན་བདག་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་གཟུགས་ཅན་སྙིང་པོ་སོགས་ སངས་རྒྱས་མཇལ་བའི་གོ་སྐབས་མ་ཐོབ་པར་ མུན་པའི་བསྐལ་པ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ནང་སྡོད་དགོཔ་བྱུང་ནུག། ག་ར་གིས་ཉན་ཐོས་མཆོག་ཟུང་གཉིས་ལུ་ཞུཝ་ད་ ཤཱ་རི་བུ་གིས་མངོན་ཤེས་ཀྱིས་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ སངས་རྒྱས་ལྷ་ཡུལ་ལུ་བཞུགསཔ་མཁྱེན་ཞིན་ན་ རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་གྱི་མཆོག་ཏུ་གྱུར་པ་མོའུ་འགལ་གྱི་བུ་ལུ་ ག་ར་གིས་སངས་རྒྱས་ལོག་སྟེ་ མི་ཡུལ་ལུ་གདན་འདྲེན་ཞུ་བར་འབྱོན་གནང་ཟེར་གསོལཝ་བཏབ་ནུག། ཁོ་གིས་ཡང་ཞལ་གྱིས་བཞེས་ཏེ་མོའུ་འགལ་གྱི་བུ་གིས་ཟླ་ ༩ པའི་ཚེས་བཅོ་ལྔ་ལུ་ ལྷ་ཡུལ་སུམ་ཅུ་རྩ་གསུམ་ལུ་བྱོན་ཞིན་ན་ སངས་རྒྱས་ལུ་གསོལ་བ་བཏབཔ་ད་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱིས་ཡང་ ཞག་བདུན་གྱི་ཤུལ་ལུ་འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་ལུ་ ལོག་འབྱོན་ནི་གི་ཞལ་བཞེས་མཛད་གནང་ནུག།

དེ་བཞིན་དུ་སྦེ་ སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱིས་ སྟོན་ཟླ་འབྲིང་པོ་ཐ་སྐར་ཟླ་བའམ་ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༩ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༢ ལུ་ མི་ཡུལ་ལུ་འབྱོན་ནི་འབདཝ་ད་ ལྷ་ཡི་དབང་པོ་བརྒྱ་བྱིན་གྱིས་ དབུས་སུ་བཻ་ཌཱུརྱའི་བད་སྐས་རིངམོ་ཅིག་དང་ གཡས་ཁ་ཐུག་གསེར་གྱི་བད་སྐས་རིངམོ་ཅིག་ གཡོན་ཁ་ཐུག་ལུ་ དངུལ་གྱི་བད་སྐས་རིངམོ་ཅིག་བཙུགས་སྦེ་ཕུལ་མི་གི་ དབུས་ཀྱི་བད་སྐས་ལས་ སངས་རྒྱས་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་དང་ གཡས་ཀྱི་བད་སྐས་ལས་ ལྷ་ཚངས་པ་གིས་རྔ་ཡབ་དཀར་པོ་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ལུ་བསིལ་ཡབ་ཕུལ། གཡོན་གྱི་བད་སྐས་ལས་མར་ ལྷའི་དབང་པོ་བརྒྱ་བྱིན་གྱིས་ གདུགས་དཀར་པོ་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱི་དབུ་ལུ་ཕུལ་བཞིན་དུ་ འཁོར་ལྷ་དང་ལྷ་མོ་ཚུ་གིས་མཆོད་སྤྲིན་དང་བཅས་ཏེ་ གྲོང་ཁྱེར་ཤཱང་ཀ་ཤའི་འགྲམ་དུ་ མེ་ཏོག་ཨུ་དུམ་ཝ་རའི་ནགས་ཚལ་ནང་ འཁོར་ལྷ་དང་མི་ཚུ་ག་ར་འཛོམས་སར་བབས་ཏེ་བྱོན་གནང་ནུག།

དེ་བསྒང་འཁོར་རྣམ་པ་བཞི་དང་ རྒྱལ་པོ་གཟུགས་ཅན་སྙིང་པོ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ མིའི་གདུལ་བྱ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ དགའ་སྤྲོ་ཚད་མེད་ངང་ལས་ཕེབས་བསུ་དང་ ཕྱག་དང་བསྐོར་བ་གསོལ་འདེབས་དང་ བསྙེན་ཀུར་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཚད་མེད་པར་ཞུཝ་མ་ཚད་ ཉིནམ་དེ་ལུ་ མ་འོངས་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཚུ་ དགེ་བ་དང་བསོད་ནམས་གསོག་པའི་ དུས་ཆེན་བཟང་པོར་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབས་ཏེ་གནངམ་བཞིན་དུ་ དུས་བཟང་འདི་ལུ་དགེ་སྦྱོར་གྱི་བྱ་བ་ག་ཅི་བསྒྲུབས་རུང་ ཕན་ཡོན་གྱི་འགྱུར་ཁྱད་སྦོམ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན། 

ང་བཅས་རའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ཡང་ ནང་པ་སངས་རྒྱས་པའི་ཆོས་ལྡན་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ དེའི་ཉིན་མར་གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ངལ་གསོ་སྦེ་ གསལ་བསྒྲགས་གནང་ཡོདཔ་བཞིན་དུ་ དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་དུས་ཆེན་སྐབས་ལུ་ ག་ར་འབད་རུང་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི་ལཱ་ཚུ་བཞག་སྟེ་ བསོད་ནམས་གསག་པའི་དགེ་བ་ ཆེ་ཕྲ་གང་ལྕོགས་བསྒྲུབ་གནང་དགོཔ་གལ་ཆེ།།</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ནམ་ཤར་གྱི་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡ གི་ཉིནམ་འདི་ དཔལ་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ལྔ་པའི...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="17736" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ ནམ་ཤར་གྱི་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡ གི་ཉིནམ་འདི་ དཔལ་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ལྔ་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ལུ་ མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་བའི་དུས་ཆེན་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཨིན།

འབྲུག་གི་སྤྱི་ནོར་དམ་པ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་མཆོག་ སྔོན་བྱོན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་གཞན་ག་ར་ལས་ སྐུ་བསོད་དབང་ཐང་ཆེཝ་མ་ཚད་ ཕྱི་ནང་ཤེས་བྱར་གཟིགས་རྒྱ་ཆེ་བའི་སྐུ་ཡོན་མཐོ་ཞིང་ མི་སེར་ལུ་བྱམས་དང་སྙིང་རྗེའི་ཐུགས་རྒྱུད་མཆོག་ཏུ་མངའ་བའི་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགས་པའི་ བདག་ཉིད་ཅན་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་གི་དུས་རབས་ ༢༡ པའི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་ འགྲན་ཟླ་དང་འབྲལ་བ་ཅིག་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ཧེ་མ་ བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་ གཉིས་སྐལ་མའི་གོ་གནས་བཞེས་བཞུགས་པའི་བསྒང་ སྤྱི༌ལོ༌ ༢༠༠༣ ལུ༌ མི་དབང་ཡབ་སྲས་གཉིས་ཀྱིས་ དུས་ཡུན་ཐུང་ཀུ་ཅིག་ནང་ ངོ་ལོག་པའི་གཡིབ་དམག་གྱི་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རྣམ་པར་རྒྱལ་ཏེ་ འགོ་དང་པའི་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ལུ་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་སྒོ་འཕར་ཕྱེ་སྟེ་གནང་ཡི། དེ་ལས་རིམ་བཟུང་སྟེ་ ཡབ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ རྒྱ་འབྲུག་གཞུང་གཉིས་བར་ན་གལ་ཆེ་བའི་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔལ་འབྱོར་གོང་འཕེལ་དང་ རང་དབང་བཙན་ཐབས་ཀྱི་གསུང་གྲོས་ཚུ་ནང་ བསམ་པའི་རེ་བ་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་གྲུབ་འབྲས་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་མ་ཚད་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ མི་སེར་དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་གཞི་བཙུགས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ནང་འཛམ་གླིང་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་མིག་དཔེར་འོས་པའི་གྲུབ་འབྲས་བཟང་པོ༌བྱུང་སྟེ་ཡོད།

ལྷག་པར་དུ་ ཡབ་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་མ་ཚད་ འཛམ་གླིང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གི་ སྔོན་བྱོན་རྒྱལཔོ་ཚུ་གི་མཛད་བྱ་ག་ར་ལས་ལྷག་པའི་མཛད་ཆེན་ཅིག་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་མང་གི་མཐའ་དོན་ཁོ་ན་ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ ཁོ་ར་དགུང་ལོ་ ༥༢ ལས་མ་བཞེས་རུང་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ལས་དགོངསམ་ཞུ་སྟེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལས་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་ལུ་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་གནང་ཡི། དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་ལས་དབང་གདུལ་བྱའི་སྐལ་བ་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་བའི་ལུང་བསྟན་དུས་ལུ་བབས་པའི་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་རྒྱལ་སྲས་མཆོག་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི༌རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ རྩིས་བཞེས་ཀྱི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ཕ་ལས་བུ་ལྷག་གི་ སྐུ་བསོད་དབང་ཐང་གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་ བདག་ཉིད་ཅན་ཅིག་ལུ་བྱོན་ཏེ་ཡོད།

དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་ མི་མང་གི་བསོད་ནམས་བྱེ་བ་ལས་གྲུབ་པའི་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་རབས་ལྔ་པའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་བའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་ལོ་བརྒྱ་འཁོར་བའི་དུས་སྟོན་དང་ དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་དབུ་བརྙེས་པའི་དུས་སྟོན་ཚུ་ སྟབས་ཅིག་ཁར་ཕོགཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གྱི་དགའ་སྟོན་འདི་ཡང་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་དགའ་སྟོན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ ཟབ་རྒྱས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་སྒོ་ལས་ ཞུ་ཚུགས་ནི་གི་གོ་སྐབས་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

དེ་ཡང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ཟླ་ ༡༡ ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་ གཟའ་སྐར་དུས་ཚོད་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་དུས་བཟང་དང་བསྟུན་ཏེ་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་གདན་ས་ཆེན་པོ་སྤུངས་ཐང་བདེ་ཆེན་ཕོ་བྲང་ནང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཆོས་སྲིད་ལུགས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་གཞུང་ འགོ་དང་པ་དབུ་བརྙེས་མི་ མཐུ་ཆེན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་ སྐུ་དམར་གདུང་སྦེ་བཞུགས་ཏེ་ཡོད་པའི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལས་ སྔོན་གྱི་སྡེ་སྲིད་དང་ རྒྱལ་པོ་རིམ་བྱོན་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་མཛད་ཁྱུན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་ཞི་རྒྱས་དབང་དྲག་དང་སྣ་ཚོགས་ལས་ལུ་ མངའ་དབང་སྒྱུར་བའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གྱིབརྡ་མཚོན་ལུ་ དར་མདོག་ལྔ་མའི་དབང་རྟགས་མགུལ་དར་ལུ་བཞེས། སྤུངས་ཐང་བདེ་ཆེན་ཕོ་བྲང་གི་ཀུན་ར་ཆེན་མོའི་ནང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་གྱི་བླ་སྤྲུལ་དང་གྲྭ་ཚང་འཕགས་པའི་དགེ་འདུན་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་སྐུ་འཁོར་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་མངོན་པར་བསྟོད་པའི་ བཀྲིས་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ༌ཡི། 

སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ ཚེས་ ༦ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ས་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་གི་གསེར་ཁྲི་ཁང་བཟང་ནང་ འབྲུག་དབང༌ཕྱུག༌བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་གཙུག་རྒྱན་ དབུ་ཞྭ་བྱ་རོག་གདོང་ཅན་འདི་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་ཕྱག་གིས་གསོལ་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་རབས་ལྔ་པའི་བདག་འགན་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་སུ་བཞེས། ཁྱིམ་ཚང་རྒྱ་གར་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྲིད་འཛིན་མཆོག་གིས་གཙོས་པའི་ ཁྱིམ་ཚང་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཚུ་དང་ མཐུན་བཤེས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་མང་རབས་ཀྱི་དབུ་ཁྲིད་དང་གཞུང་འཛིན། རྒྱལ་སྤྱིའི་ལས་སྡེ་མང་རབས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཚབ་ཚུ་དང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོའི་སྐུ་སྒེར་གྱི་གྲོགས་བཤེས་ཚུ་དང་བཅས་པའི་ ཆེ་མཐོའི་སྐུ་མགྲོན་ཚུ་གིས་ མངོན་པར་བསྟོད་དེ་གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཡི། དེ་གི་ཤུལ་ལས་ བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་ཀུན་ར་ཆེན་མོའི་ནང་ འབྲུག་གཞུང་གི་དཔོན་ཁག་དང་ མི་སེར་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཚབ་ དགོན་སྡེ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་དབུ་འཛིན་ཚུ་དང་ ཕྱི་མགྲོན་ཚུ་གི་ཁར་ རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཐང་ནང་ སྐྱ་སེར་མི་མང་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་མངོན་པར་བསྟོད་དེ་ གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ལེགས་སྨོན་གྱི་ཁྲི་དར་ཕུལ་བཞེས་ཀྱི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་བརྩིས༌གནང༌ཡི།

སྤྱི་ཚེས་ ༧ ལས་ ༩ ཚུན་ཉིནམ་ ༣ གྱི་རིང་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དགའ་སྟོན་ཐང་ ཅང་གླིང་མའི་ཐང་ནང་ ཕྱི་མགྲོན་དང་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཀྱི་མི་མང་ཡོངས་འཛོམས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་པོའི་གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གྱི་དགའ་སྟོན་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ ཧེ་མ་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་བྱུང་མ་མྱོང་བའི་ཟབ་རྒྱས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན་བརྩི་སྲུང་གནང་ཡི། དེ་སྐབས་མི་དབང་མཆོག་གི་གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གསུང་བཤད་ནང་ ད་ལས་ཕར་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ནང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཞི་བདེ་དང་གཅིག་མཐུན་ མི་མང་གི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་དང་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་བརྟན་ཏོག་ཏོ་བཞག་ནི་འདི་ ག་ར་ལས་ཁག་ཆེཝ་སྦེ་མཛད་གནང་ནི་ཟེར་གསུང་གནངམ་མ་ཚད་ དེ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ འབྲུག་མི་ག་ར་མནོ་བསམ་གཅིག་ཁར་བཏང་སྟེ་ མཉམ་རུབ་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ལུ་ཕྱག་ཞུ་དགོཔ་དང་ འབྲུག་གི་ཁྱད་ཆོས་ཚུ་ཉམས་མ་བཅུག་པར་བཞག་དགོཔ་འདི་ ག་ནི་ལས་གལ་ཆེཝ་ཨིན་ཟེར་གསུངས་ཡི། 

རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ མི་སེར་གྱི་མཐའ་དོན་འགྲུབ་ནི་ལུ་གཙོ་བོར་བཏོན་གནང་ནི་དང་ མ་འོངས་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ ད་རེས་ཀྱི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གི་མནོ་བསམ་གཏང་ཐངས་དང་ ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་ལུ་རགས་ལསཔ་ལས་ མ་འོངས་པའི་ཀྱི་མི་རབས་ཚུ་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་ལེགས་ཤོམ་སྦེ་རྐྱབ་ནི་ཡོདཔ་བཟོ་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ ད་རེས་གི་ན་གཞོན་ཚུ་གི་ལྕོགས་གྲུབ་བཟོ་ནི་ལུ་ རྩ་འགེངས་དགོ་པའི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གསུངས་བཤད་བཟང་པོ་གནངམ༌ད་ དེ་ནང་འཛོམས་མིའི༌མི་དམངས་འབུམ་ཕྲག་ལས་ལྷག་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ མི་མང་གི་རྒྱལ་པོ་རྒྱལ་ལོ་ཟེར་བའི་ རྒྱལ་དབྱངས་ཕྱོགས་ཀུན་ཁྱབ་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་དགའ་སྟོན་ཉིནམ་ ༣ གྱི་རིང་མཛད་གནང་ཡོད། དེ་མ་ཚད་ རྒྱལ་ས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་གི་རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་ལོ་བརྒྱའི་དགའ་སྟོན་ཐང་ནང་ བདུན་ཕྲག་ ༦ གི་རིང་དགའ་སྟོན་འཕྲོ་མཐུད་དེ་ འབྲུག་གི་མ་འོངས་པ་དེ་ དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་བསྟན་པ་ཡུན་རིང་གནས་ནི་གི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ ག་ནི་ལས་ཟབ་རྒྱས་ལྡན་པའི་ངང་ལུ་ཞུ་གནང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པའི་ གསེར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གྱི་དུས་ཆེན་རྗེས་དྲན་གྱི་ཉིནམ་འདི་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ཨ་རྟག་ར་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡ ལུ་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུཝཨིན། ཉིནམ་འདི་ནང་ལུ་ ང་བཅས་ར་འབྲུག་མི་ཚུ་གིས་བསོད་ནམས་ལས་གྲུབ་པའི་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་དུས་རབས་ ༢༡ པའི་དབུ་ཁྲིདཔ་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲཝ་ཅིག་བྱོན་ཡོད་པའི་དགའ་ཚོར་ འབྲུག་མི་རེ་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་གི་སེམས་ཁར་དྲན་དགོཔ་དང་། མི་དབང་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཞབས་ལས་ ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་གྱི་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་གསུང་བཤད་ནང་ བཀའ་གནང་མི་གི་བཀའ་དོན་ཚུ་ ཚུལ་བཞིན་དུ་ལག་ལེན་འཐབ་ནི་གི་ཁས་བླངས་དམ་བཅའ་བསྐྱར་གསོའི་ཐོག་ལས་ མ་འོངས་པའི་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་འདི་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་ལམ་སྟོན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ དམིགས་དོན་ཧྲིལ་བུམ་ འགྲུབ་ཚུགསཔ་འབད་ནི་ལུ་ བརྩོན་ཤུགས་ལྷག་པར་དུ་བསྐྱེད་དགོཔ་ཨིན་ནོ།།
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    <title>འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་འཁྲུངས་སྐར་དུས་ཆེན་དང་དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་དབུ་བརྙེས་པའི་ཉིནམ།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ནམ་ཤར་གྱི་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༡ གི་ཉིནམ་འདི་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་རབས་བཞི་པ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་འཇིགས་མེད་སཻངྒ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པའི་ཉིནམ་ཨིན...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="17695" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ནམ་ཤར་གྱི་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༡ གི་ཉིནམ་འདི་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་རབས་བཞི་པ་ མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་འཇིགས་མེད་སཻངྒ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས་པའི་ཉིནམ་ཨིན། ཉིནམ༌འདི༌ཁར༌  འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཨ་ལུའི་ཉིནམ་སྦེ་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ༌དོ༌ཡོདཔ༌མ༌ཚད༌ འབྲུག་གི་མི་སེར་དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་དབུ་བརྙེས་པའི་ཉིནམ་སྦེ་ཡང༌བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུཝ་ཨིན། ཉིནམ་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་མི་སེར་དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་དབུ་བརྙེས་པའི་ཉིནམ་སྦེ་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་དགོ་མི་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་མི་སེར་དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་ དངོས་སུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་མི་འདི་ ཆོས་རྒྱལ་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་མི་གཟུགས་སུ་བྱོན་པའི་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ཨིནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་སྐུ་འཁྲུངསམ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ འབྲུག་གི་དམང་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་འདི་ཡང་ འགོ་བཙུགས་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་ཆ་བཞག་ཚུགསཔ་ཨིན། 

འབྲུག་གི་དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་འདི་འགོ་དང་པ་རང་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་རབས་གསུམ་པ་ མངའ་བདག་འཇིགས་མེད་རྡོ་རྗེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིང་ལུགས་དབུ་བརྙེས་ཏེ་ མི་ལོ་ ༤༦ འཁོར་བའི་ལོ་ལུ་ ཁོ་ར་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་གསུམ་པའི་ཁྲི་ཁར་ཕེས་པའི་ལོ་ཤུལ་མམ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༣ ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུ་ཆེན་མོ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཐོག་ལས་ མི་སེར་དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་དང་པ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ནུག། དེ་ལས་ལོ་ངོ་ ༢༨ ཀྱི་ཤུལ་མ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༨༡ ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་སེངྒེ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ རྫོང་ཁག་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཚོགས་འདུ་དང་ ༡༩༩༡ ལུ་ རྒེད་འོག་ཡར་རྒྱས་ཚོགས་ཆུང་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་སྟེ་དབང་ཚད་ཕྱིར་སྤེལ་གནང་། སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༩༨ གཞུང་སྐྱོང་གི་ཕྱག་འགན་དབང་ཚད་ཡང༌ མི་མང་གིས་བཙག་འཐུ་ལས་གྲུབ་པའི་བློན་པོའི་ལྷན་ཚོགས་ལུ་གནང་སྟེ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་གིས་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབང་ཚད་ ཚར་གཅིག་ལས་ཚར་གཅིག་མང་སུ་མང་སུ་སྦེ་ མི་སེར་ལུ་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོད།

ལྷག་པར་དུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༡ ལུ་ མི་སེར་དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་དངོས་སུ་འགོ་བཙུགས་ནི་གི་དོན་ལུ་ རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོའི་ཟིན་འགོད་ཚོགས་ཆུང་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༥ ལུ་བསྒྲུབས་པའི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཟིན་བྲིས་འདི་ མི་སེར་ཡོངས་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ གྲོས་བསྟུན་གྱི་ཞལ་འཛོམས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༥ ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ས་ཐིམ་ཕུག་ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ ༢༠༠༦ ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་རྫོང་ཁག་ལས་མཇུག་བསྡུ་གནང་ཡི། འབྲུག་གི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོའི་ནང་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་མཆོག་དགུང་ལོ་ ༦༥ ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དགོཔ་སྦེ་ཡོད་རུང་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཁོ་ར་དགུང་ལོ་ ༥༡ ལས་མ་བཞེས་རུང་ ལོ་དེ་ནང་ལས་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཟིན་བྲིས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མ་འོངས་པའི་མི་མང་གི་མཐའ་དོན་ཁོ༌ན༌ལུ་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ རབ་བྱུང་ ༡༧ པའི་གནམ་ལོ་ མེ་ཁྱི་ ཟླ་ ༡༠ པའི་ཚེས་ ༢༤ སྤྱི་ལོ་༢༠༠༦ ཟླ་ ༡༢ པའི་ ཚེས་ ༡༤ ལུ༌ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ལས་དགོངས་ཞུ་མཛད་དེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་འགན་དེ་ བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་སྲས་མི་དབང་ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་ འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ལུ་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་གནང་ཡི། 

སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༧ ལས་ རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཟིན་བྲིས་ཀྱི་དགོངས་དོན་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ མི་སེར་གྱི་སྲིད་དོན་ཚོགས་པ་བཟོ་ནི་འགོ་བཙུགས་བཅུག་སྟེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ཟླ་ ༣ ཚེས་ ༢༤ ནང་འཁོད་ལུ་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་སྡེའི་འཐུས་མི་ ༢༥ དང་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་འདུའི་འཐུས་མི་ ༤༧ ཚུ་ ག་ར་ རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་རྒྱན་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་བཙག་འཐུ་གྲུབ་སྟེ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ཟླ་ ༥ ཚེས་ ༨ ལུ་ དམངས་གཙོའི་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཐེངས་དང་པའི་ཚོགས་ཐེངས་དང་པ་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་ཡི།

སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཐེངས་དང་པའི་ནང་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་མངའ་བདག་འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་གིས་ ཚོགས་འདུ་འགོ་འབྱེད་ཀྱི་གསུང་བཤད་ནང་ ཧེ་མ་འབྲུག་པའི་མི་མང་གིས་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབང་ཆ་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་དང་པ་གོང་ས་ཨྱོན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལུ་ཕུལ་མི་དེ་ ད་རེས་ལོ་ངོ་ ༡༠༠ གི་ཤུལ་མར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་དང་ལྔ་པ་ཡབ་སྲས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཁོངས་ལས་ ལོག་སྟེ་ར་མི་སེར་ལུ་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་གནངམ་་ཨིན་ཟེར་བའི་ བཀའ་ཁྱབ་གསལ་བསྒྲགས་གནང་ཡི། དེ་ལུ་མི་སེར་གྱིས་བཙག་འཐུ་ལས་གྲུབ་པའི་འཐུས་མི་ཚུ་གིས་ འཐུས་མ་ཤོར་བར་ བདག་འཛིན་འཐབ་དགོ་པའི་བཀའ་རྒྱ་ཟབ་མོ་དང་བཅས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་དབང་ཆ་མི་སེར་ལུ་ལོག་སྟེ་གནང་མི་འདི་ རྒྱལ་པོ་ཡབ་སྲས་གཉིས་ཀྱི་གཏོང་ཕོད་ཅན་གྱི་ལྷག་བསམ་འགྲན་ཟླ་དང་བྲལ་བའི་ སྲིད་དོན་གྱི་མཛད་བྱ་སྔོན་ཆད་འཛམ་གླིང་ནང་ བྱུང་མ་མྱོང་བའི་རླབས་ཆེན་གྱི་མཛད་བཟང་ཁྱད་པར་ཅན་ཅིག་མཛད་གནང་ཡི།

དེ་ལས་སྤྱི་ཚོགས་དང་པའི་ ཚོགས་ཐེངས་དང་པ་དེའི་རིང་ལུ་ར་ གནམ་ལོ་ས་བྱི་ཟླ་ ༥ པ་ཤུལ་མམ་གི་ཚེས་ ༡༥ དང་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ཟླ་ ༧ ཚེས་ ༡༨ ལུ་ ཐིམ་ཕུག་བཀྲིས་ཆོས་རྫོང་གི་ཀུན་ར་ཆེན་མོའི་ནང་ལུ་ སྟོན་པ་ཤཱཀྱ་ཐུབ་པ་དང་ ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་གྱི་སྐུ་བརྙན་བྱིན་ལྡན་དང་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་སྐུ་མདུན་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོ་ རྩ་ཚན་ ༣༥ ཅན་མ་ གསེར་བྲིས་མ་དེ་ལུ་མི་དབང་མངའ་བདག་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་མཆོག་གིས་ ཆ་འཇོག་གི་ཕྱག་རྟགས་བཀོད་གནངམ་ད་ རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོ་འདི་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རང་དབང་རང་བཙན་དང་སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་ སྔར་བ་ལྷག་སྟེ་སྒྲིང་སྒྲིང་འགྱོ་ནི། མི་སེར་གྱི་གཅིག་མཐུན་དང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་ ཞི་བདེ་དང་དྲང་ཁྲིམས་ཚུ་ བརྟན་ཏོག་ཏོ་སྦེ་གནས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་ཤར། མི་སེར་གྱི་རེ་འདོད་ མ་བཏུབ་བཏུབ་འགྲུབ་ཚུགས་པའི་ཐུགས་སྨོན་གྱི་གསུང་བཤད་གནང་ཐོག་ལས་ ཕྱག་རྟགས་བཀོད་གནང་ཡི། 

དེ་ལས་གཞུང་སྐྱོང་ཚོགས་པའི་ཁྲི༌འཛིན༌བློན་ཆེན་དང་ ལྡོག་ཕྱོགས་ཚོགས་པའི་འགོ་ཁྲིདཔ་ ཚོགས་དཔོན་དང་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་ཚོགས་སྡེའི་ཁྲི་འཛིན་དང་བཅས་པའི་ སྤྱི་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་འཐུས་མི་ ༧༢ དང་ མཇུག་ང་འབྲུག་གི་ཁྲིམས་སྤྱི་བློན་པོ་གིས་ ཕྱག༌རྟགས༌བཀོད༌ཐོག༌ལས༌ འབྲུག༌གི༌རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཆེན་མོ་ཆ་འཇོག་གྲུབ་ཚར་ཡི། ཉིནམ་དེ་ལས་ཚུར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་གྱི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ རྩ་ཁྲིམས་ཅན་གྱི་དམངས་གཙོའི་གཞུང་ལྡན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཅིག་ལུ་དབུ་བརྙེས་གྲུབ་ཨིན།

འབྲུག་གི་དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་འདི་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༥༣ ལས་འགོ་བཙུགས་ཏེ་ མི་ལོ་ ༥༥ གི་རིང་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་སྐུ་ཐོག་ ༣ བརྒྱུད་དེ་ གཞན་དང་མ་འདྲ་བའི་གོམ་འགྲོས་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༢༠༠༨ ལུ་ དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་དངོས་ལུ་དབུ་བརྙེས་གྲུབ་མི་འདི་ གཙོ་བོ་རང་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་ལྷག་བསམ་དང་གཏོང་ཕོད་ མ་འོངས་མངོན་གཟིགས་ཀྱི་མཁྱེན་རྒྱ་དང་ བརྩོན་ཤུགས་ཁོ་ན་ལུ་བརྟེན་ཏེ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་འཇིགས་མེད་སཻངྒ་དབང་ཕྱུག་འདི་ འབྲུག་གི་དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་སྲོལ་གཏོད་ཀྱི་མེས་པོ་དམ་པར་བརྩི་བཀུར་ཞུ་བའི་ཆེད་དུ་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་ སྐུ་འཁྲུངསམ་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་འདི་ཡང་ དབུ་བརྙེསཔ་བཟུམ་ཅིག་ཨིནམ་ལས་བརྟེན་ འབྲུག་གི་དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་དབུ་བརྙེས་པའི་ཉིནམ་འདི་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པའི་འཁྲུངས་སྐར་དུས་ཆེན་དང་ གཅིག་འབྲེལ་ཐོག་ལས་ ལོ་བསྟར་སྤྱི་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༡ ལུ་ བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུཝ་ཨིན།

དུས་སྟོན་དེ་གི་དྲན་གསོ་ཞུ་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་ལས་ངལ་གསོའི་ཉིནམ་གཅིག་གནང་སྟེ་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ནང་ ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་འབྲུག་གི་ དམངས་གཙོའི་རིང་ལུགས་སྲོལ་བཙུགས་གནང་མི་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ལུ་ཕངས་སེམས་མེད་པའི་ གཏོང་ཕོད་ཅན་གྱི་མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་བཞི་པ་མཆོག་ལུ་ བཀྲིན་དགའ་ཚོར་ཞུ་ནི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ མི་དབང་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ལྔ་པ་གིས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་མི་སེར་དམངས་ལུ་རྩིས་སྤྲོད་གནངམ་ད་གི༌ཐུགས་སྨོན་དང་ བཀའ་ཁྱབ་གནང་མི་ཚུ་ ང་བཅས་འབྲུག་མི་ཡོངས་ཀྱིས་ ནམ་ཡང་མ་བརྗེད་སེམས་ཁར་དྲན་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་འབྱོར་ཚུགསཔ་འབད་ནི་གི་ ཁས་བླང་དམ་བཅའ་བསྐྱར་གསོ་ཞུ་ཐོག་ལས་ དུས་སྟོན་བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུ་དགོཔ་ཨིན་ནོ།།
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    <title>འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ནམ་ཤར་གྱི་ཟླཝ་ ༡༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༧ གྱི་ཉིན་མར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་གཞུང་དབུ་བརྙེས་པའི་དུས་ཆེན་ཕོགཔ་ལས་ ཉིནམ༌འདི༌ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་སྦེ༌བ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="8949" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;སྤྱི་ལོ་ནམ་ཤར་གྱི་ཟླཝ་ ༡༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡༧ གྱི་ཉིན་མར་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་ རྒྱལ་བརྒྱུད་ཀྱི་གཞུང་དབུ་བརྙེས་པའི་དུས་ཆེན་ཕོགཔ་ལས་ ཉིནམ༌འདི༌ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་སྦེ༌བརྩི༌སྲུང༌ཞུཝ༌ཨིན།

དེ་ཡང་ ང་བཅས་རའི་སྨན་ལྗོངས་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ སྔོན་སྡེ་སྲིད་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱིས་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་སྐྱོང་བཞག་འཐབ་སྟེ་གནངམ་ཨིན་རུང་ སྡེ་སྲིད་རེ་རེ་་བཞིན་དུ་གི་ ཕྱོགས་གཏོགས་པ་ཚུ་གིས་ སྡེ་སྲིད་གཅིག་ལས་གཅིག་གིས་དབང་ཚད་འཕྱོག་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ ནང་འཁྲུགས་རྒྱུན་ཆད་མེད་པར་བྱུངམ་འབྱུང་སར་སྡོདཔ་ལས་ དེ་ཚུ་ག་ར་ཨེབ་ཚུགས་མི་གི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་དཔའ་བོ་ཅིག་མེད་པར་ མི་སེར་འུ་སྡུག་ཉག་ཕྲ་བའི་སྐྱིད་སྡུག་ཕོག་སྡོདཔ་ད༌ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མི་མང་སྤྱི་མཐུན་གྱི་ བསོད༌ནམས༌བཙན༌པོའི་མཐུ་ཡོངས་སུ་སྨིན་པ་ལས་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༩༠༧ ཟླ་ ༡༢ ཚེས་ ༡༧ ཉིན་ དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་གི་མཁན་སློབ་འདུས་ཚོགས་སྤྱི་དང་ གཞུང་ལྷན་རྒྱས་དང་ སྤྱི་བླ་ རྫོང་དཔོན་ཚུ་དང་ འབངས་མི་སེར་ག་ར་བློ༌སེམས༌གཅིག༌མཐུན༌དང༌ མགྲིན་དབྱངས་གཅིག་གྱུར་གྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ༌ གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་མཆོག་ ལྷོ་མོན་ཁ་བཞི་ཡོངས་ལུ་དབང་བའི་རྒྱལཔོ་དང་པ་སྦེ་ གསེར་ཁྲིར་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ནུག།

དུས་དེ་ལས་བཟུང་སྟེ་ གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་གི་སྲས་བརྒྱུད་རིམ་བྱོན་གྱིས་ རྒྱལ་པོ་མཛད་དགོ་པའི་བློས་བླངས་མི་འགྱུར་བའི་ རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་འགན་ཡིག་ཕུལ་བའི་ཉི་མ་ལས་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་གཞུང་དབུ་བརྙེས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཉིནམ་དེ་འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་སྦེ༌བརྩི་སྲོལ་བྱུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་འདི་ ཡབ་འབྲུག་གི་སྡེ་སྲིད་ ༤༩ པ་ མི་རྗེ་འཇིགས་མེད་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དང་ ཡུམ་གཏམ་ཞིང་ཆོས་རྗེ་ ཨ་ཞེ་པདྨ་ཆོས་སྐྱིད་ཀྱི་སྲས་ལུ་ སྤྱི་ལོ་ ༡༨༦༢ ལོར་སྐུ་འཁྲུངས། དགུང་ལོ་ཆུང་ཀུ་ལས་ ཡབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ཞུ་སྟེ་ དགྲ་བྱང་ཕྱད་བཏུལ་ནི་དང་ མི་སེར་གྱི་སྐྱོང་བཞག་འཐབ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་ལཱ་ལུ་ བརྩོན་ཤུགས་བསྐྱེད་གནངམ་ལས་ སྦྱངས་སྟོབས་ཕུལ་དུ་ཕྱིན་ཏེ་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༡༧ ལུ་ སྤ་རོ་དཔོན་སློབ་མཛད། དགུང་ལོ་ ༢༠ ལུ་ ཀྲོང་གསར་དཔོན་སློབ་མཛད་ཞིནམ་ལས་ ལོ་ངོ་ ༢༥ འི་རིང་ འབྲུག་གི་བསྟན་སྲིད་ལུ་ འགྲན་ཟླ་མེད་པའི་ཕྱག་ཤུལ་བཞག་གནངམ་ལས་ དགུང་ལོ་ ༤༥ བཞེསཔ་ད་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དང་པའི་ཁྲི་ཁར་བྱོན་ནུག།

གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ རྒྱལ་ཐོག་དང་པོའི་གསེར་ཁྲིར་ཁྲི་མངའ་གསོལ་ཞུ་ཞིནམ་ལས་ཚུར་ རྒྱལ༌ཁབ༌ནང་ནད་མུག་འཁྲུག་རྩོད་མིང་ཙམ་ཡང་མེད་པར་བཟོ། ཕྱིའི་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་དང་མཐུན་ལམ་ཐོག་ལས་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་བསྟན་སྲིད་སྲ་བརྟན་བཟོ། སངས་རྒྱས་བསྟན་པའི་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཕུལ་དུ་ཕྱིན་པར་ཞུ། འབངས་མི་སེར་སྤྱན་གྱི་འབྲས་བུ་ལས་བརྩེ་བར་གཟིགས་ཏེ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ནང་དགའ་བའི་ཉིམ་ཤར་ སྐྱིད་པའི་ཟླཝ་ཚེས། ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་སྐར་མ་ནམ་མཁའ་གང་སྟེ་ བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་འབྲུག་གི་བསྟན་པ་དར་ཞིང་རྒྱས་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ ཉིནམ་འདི་ལུ་ འབྲུག་གི་རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་སྦེ་ངོས་འཛིན་ཞུས་ཏེ་ ལོ་བསྟར་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གྱི་མཛད་སྒོ་སྦོམ་མའི་སྒོ་ལས་ བརྩི་སྲུང་ཞུཝ་ཨིན།

དུས་ཆེན་འདི་སྐབས་ ང་བཅས་ར་འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མི་སེར་ལུ་གཏོགས་ཚད་ འབྲུག་བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་གྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་དང་པ་ གོང་ས་ཨོ་རྒྱན་དབང་ཕྱུག་ལུ་ འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་འདི་ནང་ བརྒྱུད་འཛིན་རྒྱལ་པོའི་གཞུང་བཟང་འགོ་བཙུགས་གནང་བའི་ བཀྲིན་རྗེས་སུ་དྲན་པའི་དགའ་ཚོར་དྲིན་ཚོར་ཞུ་ནི་དང་། རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་མཐའ་དོན་ལུ་ རང་གི་བུ་རྒྱུད་ཚུ་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ཡང་ དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་དགའ་སྐྱིད་གཉིས་ལྡན་གྱི༌བསྟན་པ་མི་ཉམས་གོང་ལས་གོང་དུ་འཕེལ་བའི་རྒྱལ་གླུ་དང་ རེ་སྨོན་ཞུ་ནི་དང་གཅིག་ཁར་ རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་གཞུང་བཟང་པོ་འདི་ལུ་ རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་གྱི་བསམ་སྦྱོར་སྙིང་ཐག་པ་ལས་བསྐྱེད་པའི་ ཕྱག་ཕྱིད་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུ་ནི་ལུ་ ཁ་ཞེ་གཉིས་མེད་ཀྱི་ཐོག་ལས་ འབད་བརྩོན་བསྐྱེད་ནིའི་བསམ་པ་བསྐྱེད་དགོསཔ་འདི་ ག་ནི་ལས་གལ་ཆེཝ་ཨིན་ནོ།།
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ནང་ ཉིམ་ལྷོ་ལས་བྱང་ལུ་ལོག་པའི་བསྒང་ གཞུང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ཡང་ ཉིན་ལོག་གི་ངལ་གསོ་ཉིནམ་གཅིག་བཞག་ནི་ཡོད། དེ་བསྒང་ ཉིན་ལོག་གིས་མ་ཚད་པར་ གནམ་ལོ་གསར་པའི་འགོ་ཡ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="5229" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ནང་ ཉིམ་ལྷོ་ལས་བྱང་ལུ་ལོག་པའི་བསྒང་ གཞུང་གི་ཁ་ཐུག་ལས་ཡང་ ཉིན་ལོག་གི་ངལ་གསོ་ཉིནམ་གཅིག་བཞག་ནི་ཡོད། དེ་བསྒང་ ཉིན་ལོག་གིས་མ་ཚད་པར་ གནམ་ལོ་གསར་པའི་འགོ་ཡང་ དེ་ཁ་ལས་བཙུགས་དོ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཉིན་ལོག་གི་དགའ་སྟོན་ག་དེ་རྒྱས་རྒྱས་སྦེ་བརྩི་སྲོལ་ཡོད།

ཉིན་ལོག་ དེ་ཡང་ དགུན་གྱི༌ཉིན་ལྡོག་འདི་ འབྱུང་རྩིས་པའི་ལུགས་ལྟར་ ཧོར་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ་ དཔྱིད་ཟླ་ར་བ་སྟག་གི་ཟླཝ་འདི་ལུ་ཉིམ་ལོགཔ་ཨིན། སྤྱི་འགྲོས་ཀྱི་དབང་དུ་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ གླིང་བཞི་ལུ་ཉི་མ་འཆར་ནུབ་ཀྱི་ དུས་མི་འདྲ་བའི་ཁྱད་པར་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ ཉིན༌མཚན༌རིང༌ཐུང༌གི༌ཁྱད༌པར༌ཡང༌བརྩི༌སྲོལ༌སོ༌སོ༌སྦེ༌ཡོད། ང༌བཅས༌རའི༌ལྷོ་ཕྱོགས་འཛམ་བུ་གླིང་འདི༌ནང༌འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ཉི་མའི་འགྲོས་སྟངས་འདི་ ཉི་མ་ལྷོ་བགྲོད་དང་བྱང་བགྲོད་ཀྱི་རིམ་པ་གཉིས་ཡོད་མི་འདི་ ཁྱིམ་བཅུ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་ཆགས་གནས་དང་འཁྲིལ་ཏེ་ བརྒལ་བགྲོད་ཀྱི་དབང་ལས་ ཉིན་མཚན་རིང་ཐུང་སྦེ་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན།

ཉིན་མཚན་རིང་ཐུང་གི་ཚད་དེ་ཡང་ ཉིན་མཚན་གཅིག་ལུ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༦༠ བརྩིས་ཏེ་ ཉིནམ་རིང་ཤོས་སྐབས་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༣༦ དང་ ནུབ་མོ་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༢༤ ཨིནམ་བཞིན་དུ་ནུབ་མོ་རིངམ་ད་ མཚན་ཚད་ཆུ་ཚོད་ ༣༦ དང་ཉིན་ཚད་ ༢༤ ལུ་འགྱོཝ་ཨིན།

དེ་འབད་ནི་འདི་གིས་ ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༡༡ པའི་ནང་ ཉིམ་ཐུང་བའི་མཐར་ཐུག་སྟེ་ ལྷོ་ལས་བྱང་ལུ་ལོག་པའི་དགུན་ཉིན་ལོག་དང་ ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༥ པའི་ནང་ཉིནམ་རིང་བའི་མཐར་ཐུག་སྟེ་ བྱང་ལས་ལྷོ་ལུ་ལོག་པའི་བྱཱར་གྱི་ཉིན་ལོག་ཕོགཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ལས་ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༨ པ་དང་ ༢ པ་གཉིས་ལུ་ ཉིན་མཚན་རིང་ཐུང་འདྲན་འདྲ་སྙོམས་ནི་འདི་གིས་ སེར་ཁ་དང་སོ་ཁ་གི་ཉིན་མཚན་སྙོམས་པའི་དུས་ཨིནམ་ལས་ དུས་ཚོད་དེ་བཞི་ལུ་དུས་བཞི་ཟེར་ཡང་སླབ་ཨིན།

དགུན་ཉིན་ལོག་གི་སྐབས་ལུ་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ངལ་གསོ་བཞག་དགོ་མི་འདི་ ཉིན་ལོག་གི་སྐབས་ དགེ་སྦྱོར་གྱི་བྱ་བ་ག་ཅི་བསྒྲུབ་རུང་ཕན་ཡོན་འབུམ་འགྱུར་དུ་གསུངས་ཡོདཔ་ལས་ མི་ཚུ་དགེ་བ་བསྒྲུབ་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ དགུན་གྱི་ཉིན་ལོག་སྐབས་ ལོ་གསར་ཡང་ཕོགཔ་ལས་ ལོ་གསར་དང་འབྲེལ་བའི་དགའ་སྤྲོ་བསྒྱུར་ནི་ཚུ་གི་དོན་ལུ་ གཞུང་གི་ངལ་གསོ་བཞག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་བཞིན་དུ་ དགུན་ཉིན་ལོག་གི་ངལ་གསོ་དེའི་སྐབས་ལུ་ ཕམ༌བུ༌གཞི༌དང༌དགའཝ༌མཐུནམ༌ཚུ༌ག༌ར༌གཅིག༌ཁར༌འཛོམས༌ཏེ༌ མདའ་རྩེད་ རྡོས༌སྒོར༌ གླུ་དང༌ཞབས་ཁྲ་ རྩེད་སྟོན་གྱི་དགའ་སྤྲོ་བསྒྱུར་ནིའི་དོན་ལུ་ཨིན་ནོ།།
&lt;/big&gt;</text>
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    <title>ཟླ་བ་ ༡༢ པའི་ལོ་གསར་ངལ་གསོ།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་གྱི་ཟླ་བའམ་ཧོར་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པའི་ཚེས་གཅིག་ལུ་ ལོ་གསར་སྦེ་བརྩི་སྟེ་ངལ་གསོ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༡༢ པ་འདི་ སྤྱིར་འབྱུང་རྩིས་པའི་ལུགས་དཔྱིད་ཟླ་འབྲིང་པོ་ཡོས་ཀ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3480" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;རྒྱལ་གྱི་ཟླ་བའམ་ཧོར་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པའི་ཚེས་གཅིག་ལུ་ ལོ་གསར་སྦེ་བརྩི་སྟེ་ངལ་གསོ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན། དེ་ཡང་ ཧོར་ཟླ་ ༡༢ པ་འདི་ སྤྱིར་འབྱུང་རྩིས་པའི་ལུགས་དཔྱིད་ཟླ་འབྲིང་པོ་ཡོས་ཀྱི་ཟླ་བ་ཨིན་རུང་ སྐབས་འདིར་ཐུན་མོང་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ལུགས་ རྡོ་རྗེ་མཁའ་འགྲོའི་རྒྱུད་དང་ དགོངས་འདུས་ཀྱི་རྩིས་གཞུང་ནང་ལས་ དཔྱིད་ཟླ་ར་བ་སྟག་གི་ཟླ་བ་འདི་ ཧོར་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ་ལས་བརྩི་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ དཔྱིད་ཟླ་ར་བ་སྟག་གི་ཚེས་གཅིག་ལས་ ལོ་འགོ་ངོས་འཛིན་འབད༌དེ༌ བཅུ་གཉིས་པའི་ཚེས་གཅིག་ལུ་ལོ་གསར་ བརྩི་སྲོལ༌ཡོདཔ་ཨིན།

ཟླཝ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པའི་ཚེས་གཅིག་ལུ་ ད་རེས་ནངས་པར་ ཤར་ཕྱོགས་པའི་ལོ་གསར་དང་ ཟླཝ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པའི་ཚེས་གཅིག་ལུ་ ཧཱ་དང་སྤ་རོ་པའི་ལོ་འབག་ཟེར་ སླབ་སྲོལ་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་རུང་ ཟླ་བ་དང་པའི་ལོ་གསར་འདི་ དུས་རབས་ ༡༣ པའི་ནང་ ཧོར་སོག་གི་དབང་ཤུགས་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ བརྩི་སྲོལ་བྱུང་བ་མ་གཏོགས་ ལོ་གསར་ངོ་མ་འདི་ ཧོར་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཉིས་པ་དང་ཡང་ན་ ཧོར་ཟླ་བཅུ་གཅིག་པ་ལུ་ཕོགཔ་ཨིན་མས། 

དེ་ལས་བརྟེན་ཏེ་ ཟླ་ ༡༢ པའི་ཚེས་ ༡ གི་ཉི་མ་ཡང་གཞུང་གི་ངལ་གསོ་སྦེ་བཞག་དོ་ཡོདཔ་བཞིན་དུ་ དང་ཕུ་ང་བཅས་རའི་ཕམ་ཚུ་གིས་ཡང་ དུས་ཚོད་དེ་ལུ་ལོ་གསར་བརྩིས་ཏེ་ རྒྱལ་ས་སྤུངས་ཐང་ཁ་ལུ་ སྤྱི་བླ་ཚུ་གིས་འབུལ་བ་ཕུལ་ནིའི་དུས་ཚོད་དེ་ཁར་ཨིནམ་མ་ཚད་ ད་ལྟོ་ཡང་དགེ་འདུན་གྲྭ་ཚང་ནང་གི་ ཆོས་ཁྲིམས་པ་དང་གཉེར་ལས་འཛིན་ཚུ་ག་ར་ དེ་ཁ་ལས་གསར་རྙིང་སོར་མཚམས་ཨིནམ་ལས་ སྔར་སྲོལ་འབུལ་བའི་ལོ་གསར་ཟེར་ཆ་བཞག་སྟེ་ གཞུང་འབྲེལ་ངལ་གསོ་བཞགཔ་ཨིན།
&lt;/big&gt;</text>
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    <title>ཚེས་བཟང་དུས་བཟང་གཞན་གྱི་སྐོར།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-05-09T10:59:24Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ཟླཝ་ཤར་ཚད་ཀྱི་ཚེས་བརྒྱད་ལུ་ སངས་རྒྱས་སྨན་བླའི་དུས་ཆེན་ཨིན། འདི་སྐབས་སངས་རྒྱས་དེ་ལུ་གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་སྟེ་ སྨན་ལྷ་ཆོ་ག་དང་ སྨན་གཟུངས་འདོན་པ་ཅིན་ ནད་རིགས་བཞི་བརྒྱ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4209" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;དེ་ཡང་ཟླཝ་ཤར་ཚད་ཀྱི་ཚེས་བརྒྱད་ལུ་ སངས་རྒྱས་སྨན་བླའི་དུས་ཆེན་ཨིན། འདི་སྐབས་སངས་རྒྱས་དེ་ལུ་གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་སྟེ་ སྨན་ལྷ་ཆོ་ག་དང་ སྨན་གཟུངས་འདོན་པ་ཅིན་ ནད་རིགས་བཞི་བརྒྱ་རྩ་བཞི་ཐམས་ཅད་ཞི་བ་དང་། རྐྱེན་ཉིས་ཁྲི་ཆིག་སྟོང་ཚུ་ཡང་བཟློག་ནི་ཨིན། 

ཟླཝ་ཐོན་ཚད་ཀྱི་ཚེས་བཅུ་ ཡོངས་རྫོགས་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེའི་དུས་ཆེན་ཨིན། འདི་སྐབས་གུ་རུ་རིན་པོ་ཆེར་གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་སྟེ་ཚོགས་འཁོར་ཕུལ་ བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་བགྱང་པ་ཅིན་ ཚེ་འདིའི་འགལ་རྐྱེན་བར་ཆད་ག་ར་ཞི་བ་དང་ ཕྱི་མ་པདྨ་འོད་ཀྱི་ཕོ་བྲང་དུ་སྐྱེ་ནི་ཨིན།

ཚེས་བཅོ་ལྔ་ཡོངས་རྫོགས་ སངས་རྒྱས་སྣང་བ་མཐའ་ཡས་ཀྱི་དུས་ཆེན་ཨིན། འདི་སྐབས་ལུ༌སངས་རྒྱས་དེ་ལུ་གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་སྟེ་ འོད་ཆོག་དང་བསྙུང་གནས་སྲུང་ ཨ་མི་དྷེ་བ་བགྱངས་པ་ཅིན་ ཚེ་འདི་ལུ་ནད་གདོན་སྡིག་སྒྲིབ་ག༌ར༌བྱང་སྟེ་ ཕྱི་མ་ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་བདེ་བ་ཅན་ལུ་སྐྱེ་ནི་ཨིན། 

ཉེར་ལྔ་བྱུང་ཚད་ མར་ངོའི་ཚེས་བཅུ་ཟེར་མཁའ་འགྲོའི་དུས་ཆེན་ཨིན། དེ་སྐབས་ཚོགས་འཁོར་བསྐོར་ཏེ་ ཚོགས་གསོག་སྒྲིབ་སྦྱོང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ དངོས་གྲུབ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཐོབ་ཅིང་ ཕྲིན་ལས་མ་ལུས་འགྲུབ་པ་དང་ ཕྱི་མར་དག་པའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་སུ་སྐྱེ་ནི་ཨིན།

གནམ་སྒང་ཐོན་ཚད་ སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་དུས་ཆེན་ཨིན། དེ་སྐབས་སངས་རྒྱས་ལུ་གསོལ་བ་བཏབ་སྟེ་ ཚོགས་གསོག་སྒྲིབ་སྦྱོང་འབད་བ་ཅིན་ ལས་སྒྲིབ་དག་སྟེ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀྱི་གོ་འཕང་འཐོབ་ནི་ཨིན།

དེ་བཟུམ་མའི་ཚེས་བཟང་ དུས་བཟང་ཚུ་ནང་ རྟེན་བཟང་པོ་ལུ་ཕྱག་དང་བསྐོར་བ་ མཆོད་པ་ཕུལ་ནི་ལ་སོགས་པ་དགེ་བའི་ལཱ་ག་ཅི་ར་འབད་རུང་ དུས་ཚོད་གཞན་ཁར་འབད་མི་ལས་ ཕན་ཡོན་བརྒྱ་འགྱུར་གྱི་ལྷག་པར་ཡོདཔ་སྦེ་གསུངས༌ཏེ༌ཡོད། དེ༌བཟུམ༌སྦེ༌ སྡིག༌པའི༌ལཱ༌འབད༌རུང༌ སྡིག༌པའི༌ཉེས༌དམིགས༌ཡང༌བརྒྱ༌འགྱུར༌གྱིས༌ལྷགཔ༌སྦེ༌འགྱོ༌ནི༌ཨིནམ༌ལས༌ ག་ར་སྡིག་པའི་ལཱ་སྤངས་ཏེ་ དགེ༌བའི་ལཱ་ལུ་བརྩོན༌གནང་ཟེར་ཞུ་ནི་ཨིན་ནོ།།     །།
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ བཀྲིས་བཀྲིས་བཀྲ་ལ་ཤིས།། བཀྲིས་རི་བོའི་རྩེ་མོ་ལུ།། བཀྲིས་རི་བོའི་རྩེ་མོ།། ལ་མོ་ལའི་བསངས་སེ་བསངས།། དགའ་ཡང་རང་ཡུལ་དགའ་སོང་།། མི་ཡུལ་ལས་ཀྱིས་བསྐོས་སོང་།། ལ་མོ་ལའི་...&quot;</comment>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ སློབ་དཔོན་འཕགས་པ་རྗེ་བཙུན་འཇམ་དབྱངས་ཀྱིས།། ལྷ་དང་ལྷ་མིན་འཐབ་རྩོད་ཞི་ཐབས་ལུ།། ཚིག་གདངས་སྙན་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་གླུ་གཞས་ཚུ།། ཐུགས་བརྩེ་ཆེན་པོའི་སྒོ་ལས་གསུངས་གནང་ཡོད...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2308" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཚེས་ཆེན་བཅོ་ལྔའི་ཟླ་བ།། ཤར་རིའི་རྩེ་ནས་ཤར་སོང་།། ཤར་རིའི་རྩེ་ནས་ཤར་ནས།། འགྲོ་བའི་མུན་པ་སེལ་སོང་།། འགྲོ་བའི་མུན་པ་སེལ་ནས།། དགའ་བ་སྐྱིད་པ་འདུག་གོ། དགའ་སྐྱིད་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི།། རྟེན་འབྲེལ་འདི་ལ་བཟང་སོང་།། གསེར་གླིང་གྲུ་བཞིའི་ནང་ལས།། གསེར་གྱི་མེ་ཏོག་ཤར་སོང་།། གསེར་གྱི་མེ་ཏོག་ཤར་ནས།། ཕུལ་ས་བླ་མའི་ཕྱག་ལ།། བླ་མའི་ཕྱག་ལ་ཕུལ་ནས།། ཆོས་ཀྱི་བསྟན་པ་དར་སོང་།། དངུལ་གླིང་གྲུ་བཞི་ནང་ལས།། དངུལ་གྱི་མེ་ཏོག་ཤར་སོང་།། དངུལ་གྱི་མེ་ཏོག་ཤར་ནས།། ཕུལ་ས་རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཕྱག་ལ།། རྒྱལ་པོའི་ཕྱག་ལ་ཕུལ་ནས།། རྒྱལ་སྲིད་བསྟན་པ་དར་སོང་།། དུང་གླིང་གྲུ་བཞིའི་ནང་ལས།། དུང་གི་མེ་ཏོག་ཤར་སོང་།། དུང་གི་མེ་ཏོག་ཤར་ནས།། ཕུལ་ས་ཡབ་ཡུམ་ཕྱག་ལ།། ཡབ་ཡུམ་ཕྱག་ལ་ཕུལ་ནས།། བྱམས་བརྩེ་སྔར་ལས་རྒྱས་སོང་།། ཕ་རིའི་སྤང་གི་ལོག་ལ།།ཧ་ལོའི་མེ་ཏོག་ཤར་སོང་།། ཧ་ལོའི་མེ་ཏོག་ཤར་ནས།། ཕུལ་ས་དགའ་བའི་ཕྱག་ལ།། དགའ་བའི་ཕྱག་ལ་ཕུལ་ནས།། དམ་ཚིག་སྔར་ལས་བརྟན་སོང་།། །།&lt;/big&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ སྐྱིད་པའི་འབྲུག་གཡུས་ཙན་དན་བཀོད་པའི་གནས།། ཤར་ནས་ཙཱ་རི་གནས་ཀྱིས་ཞིང་ཁམས་འགྲན།། ལྷོ་ནས་བྱང་ཐང་པདྨས་མཛེས་པར་བརྒྱན།། ནུབ་ནས་སྦས་ཡུལ་ཕུག་གིས་བདེ་བར་བཀོད།།བྱང་ནས་ག...&quot;</comment>
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    <title>དགུང་སྔོན་བཀྲིས་གཡང་ཆགས་ལགས། ༼རྫོང་ཁའི་ཞབས་ཁྲ།༽</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ དགུང་སྔོན་བཀྲིས་གཡང་ཆགས་ལགས།། ཨ་མ་ལེགས་ཨོ།། ཁྲི་གདུགས་ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུ།། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཞབས་བྲོ།། དགུང་དང་སྤྲིན་གྱི་བར་ལ།། ཨ་མ་ལེགས་ཨོ།། སྐྱིའུ་བསེར་རླུང་གིས...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1999" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ དགུང་སྔོན་བཀྲིས་གཡང་ཆགས་ལགས།། ཨ་མ་ལེགས་ཨོ།། ཁྲི་གདུགས་ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུ།། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཞབས་བྲོ།། དགུང་དང་སྤྲིན་གྱི་བར་ལ།། ཨ་མ་ལེགས་ཨོ།། སྐྱིའུ་བསེར་རླུང་གིས་འཐོར་སོང་།། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཞབས་བྲོ།། དྲོད་ཉམས་འོད་ཀྱིས་སྐྱོང་བ།། ཨ་མ་ལེགས་ཨོ།། ཁྲི་གདུགས་བཀྲིན་ཆེ་སོང་།། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཞབས་བྲོ།། ལྷོ་ལྗོངས་བཀྲིས་གཡང་ཆགས་ལ།། ཨ་མ་ལེགས་ཨོ།། མངའ་བདག་ཡིད་བཞིན་ནོར་བུ།། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཞབས་བྲོ།། ལོངས་སྤྱོད་སེམས་ལ་འཆང་བ་ལ།། ཨ་མ་ལེགས་ཨོ།། རྩ་གསུམ་ལ་ལྷ་ཡི་ཐུགས་རྗེ།། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཞབས་བྲོ།། མི་སེར་བདེ་ཞིང་སྐྱིད་པ།། ཨ་མ་ལེགས་ཨོ།། མངའ་བདག་བཀྲིན་ཆེ་སོང་།། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཞབས་བྲོ།། རྒྱལ་སྲིད་ཆོས་བཞིན་སྐྱོང་བ།། ཨ་མ་ལེགས་ཨོ།། བཤད་སྒྲུབ་བསྟན་པ་དར་སོང་།། དཔལ་ལྡན་འབྲུག་པའི་ཞབས་བྲོ།། །།&lt;/big&gt;</text>
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      <timestamp>2022-05-10T11:12:44Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;༉ ཤར་རིའི་རྩེ་ནས་ཁྲི་གདུགས་ཉི་མ།། འོད་ཟེར་སྐྱེ་འགྲོའི་དཔལ་དུ་ཤར་བས།། བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ།། མཐོང་ནས་པདྨའི་འདབ་བརྒྱ་བཞད་སོང་།། དམིགས་མེད་ཆོས་དབྱ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1714" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;༉ ཤར་རིའི་རྩེ་ནས་ཁྲི་གདུགས་ཉི་མ།། འོད་ཟེར་སྐྱེ་འགྲོའི་དཔལ་དུ་ཤར་བས།། བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ།། མཐོང་ནས་པདྨའི་འདབ་བརྒྱ་བཞད་སོང་།། དམིགས་མེད་ཆོས་དབྱིངས་ཀློང་ནས་འཕོས་པའི།། མཆོག་གསུམ་སྣང་བ་ཞིང་འདིར་འབར་བས།། ཕན་བདེའི་དཔལ་ལ་སྤྱོད་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ།། མཐོང་ནས་ཡིད་དབང་དད་པས་འཕྲོག་སོང་།། མཚན་ལྡན་བླ་མའི་ཞལ་གྱི་ངོས་ནས།། ཟབ་ཆོས་བདུད་རྩི་སྙིང་ལ་སིམ་པས།། གཟུང་འཛིན་དབྱིངས་སུ་དག་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ།། མཐོང་ནས་རིག་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་རྒྱས་སོང་།། སྐྱེ་མེད་ཆོས་དབྱིངས་དག་པའི་ཀློང་ནས།། འགགས་མེད་གཟུགས་སྐུའི་རོལ་པར་ཤར་ཚེ།། འཁོར་བ་དོང་ནས་སྤྲུགས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ།། མཐོང་ནས་འཁོར་འདས་གཅིག་ཏུ་འདྲེས་སོང་།། །།&lt;/big&gt;</text>
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    <title>བཛྲ་གུ་རུའི་ཕན་ཡོན་འབྲུ་འགྲེལ་བཞུགས་སོ།</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;དུས་གསུམ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀུན་གྱི་ཕྲིན་ལས་གཅིག་ཏུ་བསྡུས་པ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་སྙིང་པོ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུའི་ཕན་ཡོན་ནི། སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཀརྨ་གླིང་པའི་གཏེར་བྱོན་བཛྲ་གུ་རུའི་ཕན་ཡོ...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="24933" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;དུས་གསུམ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཀུན་གྱི་ཕྲིན་ལས་གཅིག་ཏུ་བསྡུས་པ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་མཚོ་སྐྱེས་རྡོ་རྗེ་སྙིང་པོ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུའི་ཕན་ཡོན་ནི། སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཀརྨ་གླིང་པའི་གཏེར་བྱོན་བཛྲ་གུ་རུའི་ཕན་ཡོན་དང་འབྲུ་འགྲེལ་ལས། ནཛཤམཐ། ཞམ༔རྒ།རྨ༔ བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་དེ་ཝ་ཌཱཀྐི་ནི་ཧཱུྃ༔ བླ་མ་ཡི་དམ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་གསུམ་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ༔ བདག་སྐྱེ་དམན་ཡེ་ཤེས་མཚོ་རྒྱལ་གྱིས༔ ཕྱི་ནང་གསང་བའི་མཎྜལ་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་ཕུལ་ནས་ཞུས་པ༔ ཀྱཻ༔ སློབ་དཔོན་པདྨ་འབྱུང་གནས་ལགས༔ བདག་ཅག་བོད་ཀྱི་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ༔ ཚེ་འདི་དང་ཕྱི་མའི་དོན་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་མཛད་པ་ཤིན་ཏུ་བཀའ་དྲིན་ཉིད་ལས་ཆེ་བ་སྔར་ཡང་མ་བྱོན༔ ཕྱིས་ཀྱང་མི་འབྱོན་པས༔ ཉིད་ཀྱི་སྒྲུབ་པ་ཉིང་ཁུ་ལྟ་བུ་གནང་བ་ཡི༔ བདག་སྐྱེ་དམན་ཡིན་ཀྱང་ཐེ་ཚོམ་མེད་དེ༔ མ་འོངས་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་བློ་སྣ་མང་ཞིང་དམུ་རྒོད་ཆེ་བ༔ དམ་པའི་ཆོས་ལ་ལོག་པར་ལྟ་ཞིང་༔ ཁྱད་པར་གསང་སྔགས་བླ་མེད་ཀྱི་ཆོས་ལ་སྐུར་འདེབས་བྱེད་དུ་འོང་བའི༔ དེ་དུས་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་ནད་མུག་མཚོན་གསུམ་དར་ཞིང་༔ ཁྱད་པར་དུ་རྒྱ་བོད་ཧོར་གསུམ་གྲོག་མའི་ཚང་བཤིག་པ་འདྲ་བ་བོད་འབངས་སྡུག་པའི་དུས་ལ་བབས༔ དེ་རྣམས་བཅོས་པའི་ཐབས་མང་དུ་གསུངས་ཤིང་༔ མ་འོངས་པའི་གང་ཟག་རྣམས་བསྒྲུབ་ལོང་མེད་པ༔ ཅུང་ཟད་བསྒྲུབ་འདོད་པ་རྣམས་ཀྱང་བར་ཆད་དབང་ཆེ་བ་འོང་༔ སེམས་ཅན་ཁ་མི་འཆམས༔ རྫས་དང་སྤྱོད་པ་མི་ཚང་༔ དུས་ངན་དེ་འདྲ་ཤིན་ཏུ་བཟློག་པར་དཀའ་བ༔ དེ་འདྲའི་དུས་སུ་གུ་རུ་ཉིད་ཀྱི་སྒྲུབ་ཐབས་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་ཁོ་ན་ལ་བརྟེན་ན་ཕན་ཡོན་ཅི་ལྟ་བུ་ལགས་མ་འོངས་པའི་བློ་དམན་རྣམས་ཀྱི་དོན་དུ་གསུང་བར་ཞུ་ཞེས་ཞུས་སོ༔ དེ་ནས་སློབ་དཔོན་ཆེན་པོས་བཀའ་སྩལ་པ༔ འོ་དད་ལྡན་བུ་མོ་ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་ཞུས་པ་དེ་ཤིན་ཏུ་བདེན་ནོ༔ མ་འོངས་དེ་འདྲའི་དུས་ཚོད་ལ༔ སེམས་ཅན་ལ་གནས་སྐབས་དང་མཐར་ཐུག་ལ་ཕན་ཐོགས་ངེས་པ་ཡིན༔ མན་ངག་བསྒྲུབ་ཐབས་དཔག་མེད་པ་ས་གཏེར་ཆུ་གཏེར་བྲག་གཏེར་ནམ་མཁའི་གཏེར་ལ་སོགས་པ་མང་དུ་སྦས་ཏེ༔ དུས་ངན་གྱི་སྐབས་ལ་ལས་ཅན་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་ཐབས་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་འགྲིགས་ཤིན་ཏུ་དཀའ་བ༔ སེམས་ཅན་གྱི་བསོད་ནམས་ཟད་པའི་རྟགས་ཡིན་ནོ༔ འོན་ཀྱང་དེ་འདྲའི་དུས་ལ༔ བཛྲ་གུ་རུའི་སྙིང་པོ་འདི་གནས་ཆེན་པོའམ༔ དགོན་སྡེའམ༔ རི་བོ་ཆེན་པོའི་རྩེའམ༔ ཆུ་བོ་ཆེན་པོའི་འགྲམ་དང་༔ ལྷ་སྲིན་འབྱུང་པོ་དར་བའི་ས་འགོ་ས་རྡོ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ལ༔ སྔགས་པ་དམ་ཚིག་དང་ལྡན་པ༔ དགེ་འདུན་སྡོམ་ལྡན༔ སྐྱེ་བོ་དད་ཅན༔ བུད་མེད་མཚན་ལྡན་ལ་སོགས་པ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོའི་ངང་ནས༔ བརྒྱ་སྟོང་ཁྲི་འབུམ་བྱེ་བ་དང་དུང་ཕྱུར་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཅི་འགྲུབ་བཟླས་ན༔ ཕན་ཡོན་དང་ནུས་པ་བསམ་གྱིས་མི་ཁྱབ༔ ཡུལ་ཕྱོགས་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་ནད་མུག་མཚོན་གསུམ་དམག་འཁྲུག་ལོ་ཉེས་ལྟས་ངན་ཆོ་འཕྲུལ་ངན་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་བཟློག་ཅིང་༔ ཆར་ཆུ་འབེབས་ཤིང་ལོ་ཕྱུགས་ལེགས་པ་དང་ཡུལ་ཕྱོགས་ལ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་པར་འགྱུར་རོ༔ ཚེ་འདི་དང་ཕྱི་མ་བར་དོའི་འཕྲང་གསུམ་ལ༔ རབ་དངོས༔ འབྲིང་ཉམས༔ ཐ་མ་རྨི་ལམ་ལ་ང་དང་ཡང་ནས་ཡང་དུ་འཕྲད་ཅིང་༔ ས་ལམ་རིམ་པར་རྫོགས་ནས་རྔ་ཡབ་གླིང་དུ་རིག་འཛིན་ཕོ་མོའི་གྲལ་དུ་ཚུད་པར་ཐེ་ཚོམ་མེད་དོ༔ བརྒྱ་རེ་བཟླས་པ་མ་ཆག་ན་ཡང་གཞན་གྱི་ཡིད་དུ་འོང་ཞིང་ཟས་ནོར་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་འབད་མེད་དུ་འབྱུང་༔ སྟོང་དང་ཁྲི་ལ་སོགས་པ་བཟླས་ན་གཞན་སྣང་ཟིལ་གྱིས་གནོན་ཅིང་བྱིན་རླབས་དང་ནུས་པ་ཐོགས་པ་མེད་པར་འགྲུབ་བོ༔ འབུམ་དང་བྱེ་བ་སོགས་བཟླས་པ་བྱེད་ན༔ ཁམས་གསུམ་དབང་དུ་འདུས༔ སྲིད་གསུམ་ཟིལ་གྱིས་གནོན༔ ལྷ་འདྲེ་བྲན་དུ་འཁོལ༔ འཕྲིན་ལས་རྣམ་བཞི་གང་ལ་ཡང་ཐོགས་པ་མེད་པར་འགྲུབ་ཅིང་སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་ཅི་བསམ་པའི་འགྲོ་དོན་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པ་བྱེད་ནུས་པར་འགྱུར་རོ༔ བྱེ་བ་གསུམ་མམ་བདུན་ལ་སོགས་པ་བགྲང་བར་ནུས་ན་དུས་གསུམ་སངས་རྒྱས་རྣམས་དང་འབྲལ་བ་མེད་ཅིང་༔ ང་དང་དབྱེར་མི་ཕྱེད་པར་ལྷ་སྲིན་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་ཐམས་ཅད་བཀའ་ཉན་གསུང་བསྟོད༔ ཅི་བཅོལ་བའི་ལས་བསྒྲུབ་ཅིང་༔ རབ་འདི་ལ་འཇའ་ལུས་འགྲུབ༔ འབྲིང་འཆི་ཁར་འོད་གསལ་མ་བུ་འཕྲད༔ ཐ་མ་ཡང་བར་དོར་ང་ཡི་ཞལ་མཐོང་ནས་སྣང་བ་རང་སར་གྲོལ་ཏེ་རྔ་ཡབ་གླིང་དུ་སྐྱེས་ནས་འགྲོ་དོན་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པ་འབྱུང་བར་འགྱུར་རོ༔ ཞེས་གསུངས་སོ༔ སློབ་དཔོན་ཆེན་པོ་ལགས༔ འདི་ལྟ་བུའི་ཕན་ཡོན་དང་ནུས་པ་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པ་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་གསུངས་པ་བཀའ་དྲིན་ཆེ་ལགས༔ མ་འོངས་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ཀྱི་དོན་དུ་གུ་རུ་པདྨའི་འབྲུ་འགྲེལ་གྱི་ཕན་ཡོན་ནུས་པ་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་ན་ཡང་༔ མདོར་བསྡུས་པ་ཞིག་གསུངས་པར་ཞུ་ཞེས་ཞུས་སོ༔ དེ་ནས་སློབ་དཔོན་ཆེན་པོས་བཀའ་སྩལ་པ༔ འོ་རིགས་ཀྱི་བུ་མོ༔ བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་ཞེས་པ་ནི༔ ང་གཅིག་པུའི་སྙིང་པོ་མ་ཡིན་ཏེ༔ ཡི་དམ་རྒྱུད་སྡེ་བཞི་དང་༔ ཐེག་པ་རིམ་དགུ་དང་༔ ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཕུང་པོ་བརྒྱད་ཁྲི་བཞི་སྟོང་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྲོག་སྙིང་༔ དུས་གསུམ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཐམས་ཅད་དང་བླ་མ་ཡི་དམ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་ལ་སོགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་འདི་ལ་ཚང་བའོ༔ ཚང་བའི་རྒྱུ་མཚན་ཅི་ལྟ་བུ་ཞེ་ན༔ ལེགས་པར་ཉོན་ལ་ཡིད་ལ་བཟུང་ཤིག༔ བཟླ་བར་གྱིས་ཤིག༔ འབྲི་བར་གྱིས་ཤིག༔ མ་འོངས་སེམས་ཅན་རྣམས་ལ་བསྟན་པར་གྱིས་ཤིག༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སིདྡྷི་ཧཱུྃ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་ནི་སྐུ་གསུང་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་སྙིང་པོ་མཆོག༔ བཛྲ་རྡོ་རྗེ་རིགས་ཀྱི་སྙིང་པོ་མཆོག༔ གུ་རུ་རིན་ཆེན་རིགས་ཀྱི་སྙིང་པོ་མཆོག༔ པདྨ་པདྨ་རིགས་ཀྱི་སྙིང་པོ་མཆོག༔ སིདྡྷི་ལས་ཀྱི་རིགས་ཀྱི་སྙིང་པོ་མཆོག༔ ཧཱུྃ་ནི་བདེ་གཤེགས་རིགས་ཀྱི་སྙིང་པོ་མཆོག༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སིདྡྷི་ཧཱུྃ༔ ཨོཾ་ནི་རྒྱལ་བ་རིགས་ལྔ་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་རྫོགས༔ ཨཱཿནི་ཆོས་སྐུ་མི་འགྱུར་ཡོངས་སུ་རྫོགས༔ ཧཱུྃ་ནི་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་གུ་རུའི་དྲུང་དུ་རྫོགས༔ བཛྲ་ཧེ་རུ་ཀ་ཡི་ལྷ་ཚོགས་རྫོགས༔ གུ་རུ་བླ་མ་རིག་འཛིན་ལྷ་ཚོགས་རྫོགས༔ པདྨ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་ཤུགས་འགྲོའི་ལྷ་ཚོགས་རྫོགས། སིདྡྷི་ནོར་ལྷ་གཏེར་བདག་ཀུན་གྱི་སྲོག༔ ཧཱུྃ་ནི་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་མ་ལུས་ཀུན་གྱི་སྲོག༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སིདྡྷི་ཧཱུྃ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་ནི་རྒྱུད་སྡེ་གསུམ་གྱི་སྲོག༔ བཛྲ་འདུལ་བ་མདོ་སྡེ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲོག༔ གུ་རུ་མངོན་པ་ཀྲི་ཡ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲོག༔ པདྨ་ཨུ་པ་ཡོ་ག་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲོག༔ སིདྡྷི་མ་ཧཱ་ཨ་ནུ་གཉིས་ཀྱི་སྲོག༔ ཧཱུྃ་ནི་རྫོགས་ཆེན་ཨ་ཏི་ཡོ་གའི་སྲོག༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སིདྡྷི་ཧཱུྃ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་གིས་དུག་གསུམ་ལས་གྱུར་སྒྲིབ་པ་དག༔ བཛྲ་ཞེ་སྡང་ལས་གྱུར་སྒྲིབ་པ་དག༔ གུ་རུ་ང་རྒྱལ་ལས་གྱུར་སྒྲིབ་པ་དག༔ པདྨ་འདོད་ཆགས་ལས་གྱུར་སྒྲིབ་པ་དག༔ སིདྡྷི་ཕྲག་དོག་ལས་གྱུར་སྒྲིབ་པ་དག༔ ཧཱུྃ་གིས་ཉོན་མོངས་ལས་གྱུར་སྒྲིབ་པ་དག༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སིདྡྷི་ཧཱུྃ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་གིས་ཆོས་ལོངས་སྤྲུལ་གསུམ་ཐོབ༔ བཛྲ་མེ་ལོང་ལྟ་བུའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཐོབ༔ གུ་རུ་མཉམ་པ་ཉིད་ཀྱི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཐོབ༔ པདྨ་སོ་སོར་རྟོག་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཐོབ༔ སིདྡྷི་བྱ་བ་སྒྲུབ་པའི་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཐོབ༔ ཧཱུྃ་གིས་ཡེ་ཤེས་ལས་གྱུར་ཐམས་ཅད་འགྲུབ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སིདྡྷི་ཧཱུྃ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་གིས་ལྷ་འདྲེ་མི་གསུམ་འདུལ༔ བཛྲ་དྲི་ཟ་མེ་ལྷའི་གདོན་རྣམས་ཐུབ༔ གུ་རུ་གཤིན་རྗེ་སྲིན་པོའི་གདོན་རྣམས་ཐུབ༔ པདྨ་ཆུ་ལྷ་རླུང་བདག་གདོན་རྣམས་ཐུབ༔ སིདྡྷི་གནོད་སྦྱིན་དབང་ལྡན་གདོན་རྣམས་ཐུབ༔ ཧཱུྃ་གིས་གཟའ་དང་ས་བདག་གདོན་རྣམས་ཐུབ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སིདྡྷི་ཧཱུྃ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་གིས་ཕ་རོལ་ཕྱིན་དྲུག་འགྲུབ༔ བཛྲ་ཞི་བའི་ལས་ཀུན་ཐམས་ཅད་འགྲུབ༔ གུ་རུ་རྒྱས་པའི་ལས་ཀུན་ཐམས་ཅད་འགྲུབ༔ པདྨ་དབང་གི་ལས་ཀུན་ཐམས་ཅད་འགྲུབ༔ སིདྡྷི་འཕྲིན་ལས་ལས་ཀུན་ཐམས་ཅད་འགྲུབ༔ ཧཱུྃ་གིས་དྲག་པོའི་ལས་ཀུན་ཐམས་ཅད་འགྲུབ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སིདྡྷི་ཧཱུྃ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་གིས་བན་བོན་བྱད་ཕུར་བཟློག༔ བཛྲ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ལྷ་ཡི་བྱད་ཁ་བཟློག༔ གུ་རུ་ལྷ་སྲིན་སྡེ་བརྒྱད་བྱད་ཁ་བཟློག༔ པདྨ་འཇིག་རྟེན་ལྷ་འདྲེའི་བྱད་ཁ་བཟློག༔ སིདྡྷི་ཀླུ་དང་ས་བདག་བྱད་ཁ་བཟློག༔ ཧཱུྃ་གིས་ལྷ་འདྲེ་མི་གསུམ་བྱད་ཁ་བཟློག༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སིདྡྷི་ཧཱུྃ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་གིས་དུག་ལྔའི་དམག་དཔུང་འཇོམས༔ བཛྲ་ཞེ་སྡང་ལས་གྱུར་དམག་དཔུང་འཇོམས༔ གུ་རུ་ང་རྒྱལ་ལས་གྱུར་དམག་དཔུང་འཇོམས༔ པདྨ་འདོད་ཆགས་ལས་གྱུར་དམག་དཔུང་འཇོམས༔ སིདྡྷི་ཕྲག་དོག་ལས་གྱུར་དམག་དཔུང་འཇོམས༔ ཧཱུྃ་གིས་ལྷ་འདྲེ་མི་གསུམ་དམག་དཔུང་འཇོམས༔ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སིདྡྷི་ཧཱུྃ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་གིས་སྐུ་གསུང་ཐུགས་ཀྱི་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཐོབ༔ བཛྲ་ཡི་དམ་ཞི་ཁྲོའི་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཐོབ༔ གུ་རུ་རིག་འཛིན་བླ་མའི་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཐོབ༔ པདྨ་མཁའ་འགྲོ་ཆོས་སྐྱོང་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཐོབ༔ སིདྡྷི་མཆོག་དང་ཐུན་མོང་དངོས་གྲུབ་ཐོབ༔ ཧཱུྃ་གིས་ཅི་བསམ་དངོས་གྲུབ་མ་ལུས་ཐོབ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སིདྡྷི་ཧཱུྃ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་གིས་གདོད་མའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་འཕོ༔ བཛྲ་ཤར་ཕྱོགས་མངོན་དགའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་འཕོ༔ གུ་རུ་ལྷ་ཕྱོགས་དཔལ་ལྡན་ཞིང་ཁམས་འཕོ༔ པདྨ་ནུམ་ཕྱོགས་བདེ་ཆེན་ཞིང་ཁམས་འཕོ༔ སིདྡྷི་བྱང་ཕྱོགས་ལས་རབ་ཞིང་ཁམས་འཕོ༔ ཧཱུྃ་གིས་དབུས་ཕྱོགས་གཡོ་མེད་ཞིང་ཁམས་འཕོ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སིདྡྷི་ཧཱུྃ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་གིས་སྐུ་གསུམ་རིག་འཛིན་ཐོབ༔ བཛྲ་ས་ལ་གནས་པའི་རིག་འཛིན་ཐོབ༔ གུ་རུ་ཚེ་ལ་དབང་བའི་རིག་འཛིན་ཐོབ༔ པདྨ་ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོའི་རིག་འཛིན་ཐོབ༔ སིདྡྷི་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ་པའི་རིག་འཛིན་ཐོབ༔ ཧཱུྃ་གིས་རྣམ་པར་སྨིན་པའི་རིག་འཛིན་ཐོབ༔ ཨོཾ་ཨཱཿཧཱུྃ་བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་པདྨ་སིདྡྷི་ཧཱུྃ༔ བཛྲ་གུ་རུ་ལན་གཅིག་བརྗོད་པ་ཡི། དེ་ལ་གཟུགས་མཆིས་འཛམ་གླིང་སྣོད་དུ་ཆུང་༔ འདི་ཉིད་མཐོང་ཐོས་དྲན་པའི་སེམས་ཅན་ཀུན༔ རིག་འཛིན་ཕོ་མོའི་གྲལ་ལ་འཁོད་པར་ངེས༔ བསླུ་མེད་བཛྲ་གུ་རུའི་བདེན་ཚིག་ལ༔ གང་འདོད་བཀའ་བཞིན་འགྲུབ་པར་མ་གྱུར་ན༔ པདྨ་ང་ཡིས་སེམས་ཅན་བསླུ་བ་ཨཾ༔ མི་བསླུ་ངེས་པས་བཀའ་བཞིན་བསྒྲུབ་པར་གྱིས༔ བཟླས་པ་མི་ནུས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་རྩེ་ལ་ཕྱོར༔ རླུང་ཕོག་སེམས་ཅན་གྲོལ་བར་ཐེ་ཚོམ་མེད༔ ཡང་ན་ས་ཤིང་རྡོ་ཡི་ལོགས་སུ་བྲིས༔ རབ་གནས་བྱས་ནས་ལམ་ལ་བཀྲམ་ན་ཡང་༔ མཐོང་བ་ཙམ་གྱིས་ནད་གདོན་སྒྲིབ་པ་འདག༔ ས་དེར་གནས་པའི་འདྲེ་སྲིན་རྒྱུ་ལམ་ཆོད༔ མཐིང་ཤོག་དག་ལ་གསེར་གྱིས་བྲིས་ལ་འདོགས༔ གདོན་བགེགས་འབྱུང་པོའི་གནོད་པ་བྱེད་མི་ནུས༔ ཤི་ནས་རོ་དང་མ་བྲལ་བསྲེག་ན་ནི༔ འཇའ་ཚོན་འཁྱུག་ཅིང་བདེ་ཆེན་འཕོ་བར་ངེས༔ འབྲི་ཀློག་འདོན་པའི་ཡོན་ཏན་ཚད་ལས་འདས༔ མ་འོངས་སེམས་ཅན་དོན་དུ་བཀོད་དེ་སྦས༔ སྐལ་ལྡན་ལས་ཅན་བུ་དང་འཕྲད་པར་ཤོག༔ ས་མ་ཡ་རྒྱ་རྒྱ་རྒྱ༔ ལོག་ལྟ་ཅན་ལ་གསང་རྒྱ༔ རྒྱ་རྒྱ་རྒྱ༔ དམ་ཚིག་ཅན་ལ་གཏད་རྒྱ༔ རྒྱ་རྒྱ་རྒྱ༔ &lt;sub&gt;སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཀརྨ་གླིང་པས་གཏེར་ནས་གདན་དྲངས་ཏེ་ཤོག་སེར་ལས་བཤུས་པའོ༔ ཞེས་གསུངས་པ་དེ་ལྟར་ནད་མུག་མཚོན་གསུམ་སོགས་གནས་སྐབས་ཚེ་འདིའི་བར་ཆད་སེལ་ཞིང་ཕྱི་མ་པདྨ་འོད་ཀྱི་ཞིང་ཁམས་སོགས་རིམ་པར་བརྒྱུད་དེ་ཐར་པའི་གོ་འཕང་ཐོབ་པ་ལ་སོགས་པ་ཡོན་ཏན་བསམ་གྱིས་མི་ཁྱབ་པའི་བཛྲ་གུ་རུའི་ཕན་ཡོན་འདི་ཉིད་སྤྲུལ་སྐུ་ཀརྨ་གླིང་པས་གཏེར་ནས་བཏོན་ཏེ་རྗེས་འཇུག་གདུལ་བྱ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་དོན་དུ་སྤེལ་བ་ལགས་ན་ཀུན་གྱིས་རང་དོན་རང་གཅེས་ཀྱིས་བཛྲ་གུ་རུའི་གཟུངས་སྔགས་འདི་ཐུགས་དམ་གྱི་མཐིལ་དུ་བཟུང་སྟེ་དུས་དང་རྣམ་པ་ཀུན་ཏུ་བགྲང་བར་རིགས་སོ།།  །།སརྦ་མངྒ་ལཾ། དེ་ཡང་གོང་གི་ཆོས་བྱིན་རླབས་ཅན་དེ་སྨན་ལྗོངས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་སྐལ་ལྡན་དད་མོས་ཅན་ཡོངས་ལ་བཀྲམ་སྤེལ་དོན་དུ་པར་སྐྲུན་ཤེས་རབ་མཐའ་ཡས་ཀྱིས་ཞབས་ཏོག་ཞུས་པས་བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས་ཞུའོ།།  །།&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sub&gt;Subscript text&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/big&gt;</text>
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    <title>བར་དོའི་སྨོན་ལམ་དགོངས་གཅིག་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་བཞུགས།།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-05-10T11:24:30Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;དུས་གསུམ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི། །བདག་ཉིད་བླ་མ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ། །མགོན་མེད་བདག་ལ་ཐུགས་རྗེས་གཟིགས། །མ་རིག་འཐིབས་པོས་ནོན་པ་བདག །འཁོར་ཚེ་ཐོག་མ་མེད་པ་ནས། །ལས་ཉོན་སྡིག་པས་ཟིལ་...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="18271" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;དུས་གསུམ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱི། །བདག་ཉིད་བླ་མ་རིན་པོ་ཆེ། །མགོན་མེད་བདག་ལ་ཐུགས་རྗེས་གཟིགས། །མ་རིག་འཐིབས་པོས་ནོན་པ་བདག །འཁོར་ཚེ་ཐོག་མ་མེད་པ་ནས། །ལས་ཉོན་སྡིག་པས་ཟིལ་གྱིས་ནོན། །བླ་མ་བརྙས་ཤིང་སྤུན་ལ་ཁྲོས། །དམ་ཚིག་སྡོམ་པའི་གནས་ཀུན་ཡང༌། །ཉེས་སྤྱོད་ཆེན་པོའི་གཡང་སར་ལྷུང༌། །མ་འཚལ་བཞིན་དུ་ནོངས་པ་ཀུན། །དེ་རིང་གནོང་འགྱོད་དྲག་པོས་བཤགས། །སྔོན་ཆད་ཁྱེད་ཀྱི་བཀའ་ལས་འདས། །དེ་ལྟའི་སྡིག་ལྟུང་མ་མྱོང་བར། །འཇིག་རྟེན་ཕ་རོལ་སོང་བྱང་ན། །དམྱལ་མེ་བཟོད་དཀས་ངེས་པར་བསྲེགས། །དེ་ཚེ་བདག་ཉིད་འདོར་ཕོད་དམ། །ཐོག་མཐའ་མེད་པའི་འཁྲུལ་གཞི་ནི། །ལུང་མ་བསྟན་གྱི་ཆོས་ཉིད་ནས། །ཀུན་འབྱུང་མ་རིག་གདོན་ཆེན་དང༌། །འགྲོགས་པའི་རང་བཞིན་སྐྱེ་གནས་ཀྱི། །བར་དོར་ཆོས་ལྡན་དལ་འབྱོར་ལུས། །ཐོབ་ནས་བླ་མ་མཉེས་བྱེད་ཅིང༌། །ཐོས་བསམ་སྒོམ་པའི་ཤེས་རབ་ལ། །བརྟེན་ནས་ངེས་འབྱུང་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས། །ཕྱིན་དྲུག་ལམ་མཆོག་བསྙེན་པར་ཤོག །དུས་ཀྱིས་ཉེན་ཏེ་འགྲོ་བ་ལ། །འཆི་ཁའི་བར་དོ་ཞེས་བྱ་སྟེ། །དེ་ཚེ་འཆི་རྐྱེན་ངན་པ་དང༌། །གནད་གཅོད་དྲག་པོ་མི་འབྱུང་ཞིང༌། །དབྱིངས་དང་རིག་པ་བསྲེ་བ་ཡིས། །འོད་གསལ་སྦུབས་འཇུག་མངོན་གྱུར་ནས། །གདོད་མའི་གཞི་ལ་གྲོལ་བར་ཤོག །གལ་ཏེ་གོམས་པའི་སྟོབས་ཆུང་ན། །སྒོ་བརྒྱད་བཀག་ནས་ཚངས་བུག་དབྱེ། །རྣམ་ཤེས་རླུང་ཞོན་གདམས་པ་ཡིས། །གྲོང་འཕོ་གྲོང་འཇུག་ལ་བརྟེན་ནས། །མཁའ་སྤྱོད་རིག་འཛིན་གནས་ཐོབ་ཤོག །དེ་ལྟར་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་ཡི། །འཕོ་ལུགས་མངོན་དུ་མ་གྱུར་ན། །ས་ལ་ས་ཐིམ་ལྡང་མི་ནུས། །ཆུ་ལ་ཆུ་ཐིམ་ཁ་སྣར་ཆུ། །མེ་ལ་མེ་ཐིམ་ཁ་སྣ་བསྐམ། །རླུང་ཐིམ་དབུགས་ངར་ཡན་ལག་ཕྲ། །མིག་སྤྲིན་གྱེན་ལྡོག་དུ་བ་དང༌། །སྨིག་རྒྱུ་མེ་ཁྱེར་མར་མེ་འབར། །རླུང་ལྔ་བྲོས་པའི་བྱེད་ལས་ཀྱིས། །ཁྱབ་བྱ་འབྱུང་བའི་ཁམས་ལྔ་དང༌། །ཁྱབ་བྱེད་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཐིག་ལེའི་དཔྱིད། །རྒྱབ་གྱེས་ཡུལ་ལྔ་ཡིད་ཤེས་ལ། །ཐིམ་པར་ཕྱོགས་ཚེ་འདི་སྣང་ལ། །ཞེན་ཆགས་གདུང་བ་མི་སྐྱེ་ཞིང༌། །བླ་མའི་གདམས་ངག་དྲན་པར་ཤོག །རག་པ་རྩ་ཐིག་རླུང་གསུམ་གྱི། །ཚོགས་པ་གྱེས་པའི་རྟེན་འབྲེལ་ལས། །ཕྲ་བ་སྣང་མཆེད་ཐོབ་གསུམ་གྱི། །ཐིམ་ཚུལ་དཀར་ཆ་ཐུར་བབས་ཏེ། །སྙིང་སྟོབས་ལས་བྱུང་འདོད་ཆགས་ཀྱི། །སྙིང་སྟོབས་བདེ་བ། རྡུལ་སྡུག་བསྔལ། མུན་པ་གཏི་མུག་ཏུ་བཤད་པས་བཅོས་བསླད་མ་བྱེད་ཅིག རྟོག་པ་འགག་དང་ལྷན་ཅིག་པར། །རྣམ་ཤེས་སྣང་བ་ལ་ཐིམ་པས། །སྟོན་གནམ་ཟླ་འོད་ཀྱིས་སློང་ལྟའི། །དཀར་ལམ་རང་ངོ་ཤེས་པར་ཤོག །དེ་བཞིན་དམར་ཆ་གྱེན་དུ་ལྡོག །རྡུལ་ལས་བྱུང་བའི་ཞེ་སྡང་འགག །སྣང་བ་མཆེད་པ་ལ་ཐིམ་པས། །སྐར་ཁུང་ཉི་ཞུར་གྱིས་སློང་ལྟའི། །དམར་ལམ་རང་ངོ་ཤེས་པར་ཤོག །ཁུ་རྡུལ་སྙིང་གར་ཕྲད་པ་ལས། །མུན་ཅན་ལས་བྱུང་གཏི་མུག་འགག །མཆེད་པ་ཉེར་ཐོབ་ལ་ཐིམ་པས། །སྟོན་གནམ་སྨག་གིས་སློང་བ་ལྟའི། །ནག་ལམ་ཤར་ནས་བརྒྱལ་བ་ལ། །ཕྱོགས་ཚེ་དྲན་པའི་སྒྲོན་མེ་ཡིས། །ཉེར་ཐོབ་འོད་གསལ་ལ་འདྲེས་ནས། །གདོད་མའི་དབྱིངས་སུ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཤོག །གལ་ཏེ་དྲན་པའི་སྟོབས་ཞན་པས། །བརྒྱལ་ཏེ་སེམས་མེད་སྐབས་གྱུར་ན། །ཀུན་གཞི་ཆོས་དབྱིངས་ལ་སད་ནས། །དྭངས་གསལ་རྟོག་པ་མེད་པ་ཡི། །འཆི་བ་འོད་གསལ་མངོན་གྱུར་ཤོག །དེ་ལྟར་ཆོས་སྐུའི་བསྲེ་བ་ཡིས། །གདོད་མའི་ནང་དབྱིངས་མ་ཟིན་ན། །ཤིན་ཏུ་ཕྲ་བའི་རླུང་སེམས་ཆ། །ལུགས་ལྡོག་ཉེ་བར་ཐོབ་པ་ལས། །མཆེད་པའི་སྣང་བ་ཆོས་ཉིད་ཀྱི། །བར་དོ་གཞི་དབྱིངས་ཀ་དག་ཀློང༌། །ཁྲེགས་ཆོད་ལྟ་བས་མངོན་གྱུར་ཅིང༌། །གཞི་སྣང་ཡིན་ལུགས་འོད་གསལ་ནི། །སྣང་བ་ཐམས་ཅད་འོད་ལྔ་རུ། །ཟ་འོག་བཀྲམ་པ་ལྟར་ཤར་ཚེ། །ཐོད་རྒལ་གོམས་པའི་ཉེ་རྒྱུ་ལས། །རང་སྣང་རང་བཞིན་མེད་པར་ཤེས། །ཆོས་ཉིད་ཅིག་ཆར་ཟད་པར་ཤོག །གལ་ཏེ་འོད་གསལ་ཟུང་འཇུག་ལ། །ཐིམ་ནས་རིགས་བརྒྱའི་སྣང་བ་ཤར། །སྒྲ་ཡིས་འཇིགས་ཤིང་ཟེར་གྱིས་སྔངས། །སྐུ་ཡིས་སྣང་བས་སྐྲག་གྱུར་ན། །སེང་གེའི་གསོབ་ལྟར་མཚང་རིག་ནས། །བག་མི་ཚ་བའི་གདེང་ཐོབ་ཤོག །བསམ་གཏན་གྱི་ནི་ཞག་ལྔ་ལ། །རྒྱལ་བ་རིག་ལྔའི་ཞལ་མཐོང་ཚེ། །སྐུ་དང་རང་འོད་འབྲེལ་བ་ཡིས། །རིག་པ་འོད་གསལ་ལ་འཇུག་དང༌། །སྐུ་ཡང་རང་ལ་ཐིམ་པ་ཡིས། །འོད་གསལ་རིག་པ་ལ་འཇུག་ཚེ། །མ་པང་བུ་འཇུག་ལྟར་གྲོལ་ཤོག །དེ་བཞིན་ཟུང་འཇུག་ཡེ་ཤེས་ལ། །ཐིམ་པས་འོད་སྣང་ཐིག་ལེ་ཅན། །ཡེ་ཤེས་བཞི་སྦྱོར་སྣང་བ་ནི། །རྡོ་རྗེ་སེམས་དཔའི་ཁོང་སེང་ལམ། །སྣང་ཚེ་རིག་པ་རང་ས་ཟིན། །ཡེ་ཤེས་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ལ་ཐིམ་པས། །སྐུ་དང་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཐུགས་རྗེ་འོད། །མཐའ་གྲོལ་གཉིས་མེད་དག་མ་དག །ལྷུན་གྲུབ་ཡེ་ཤེས་ཆེན་པོའི་སྒོ། །བརྒྱད་དུ་ཤར་ཡང་འཁོར་འདས་ཀྱི། །འཇུག་ལྡོག་རིག་པའི་རང་རྩལ་དུ། །ཤར་བ་གཞི་ལས་མ་གཡོས་པའི། །གཞི་སྣང་ཆེན་པོར་ཡིད་ཆེས་ཤོག །དེ་ཡང་བསྐྱེད་རིམ་ལ་གོམས་ན། །རླུང་སེམས་ཙམ་གྱི་ལུས་དེ་ཉིད། །མཚན་དཔེ་རྫོགས་པའི་ཡི་དམ་གྱི། །ལྷ་སྐུར་མངོན་བྱང་ལྔས་ཆུབ་པ། །བར་དོར་ལོངས་སྐུའི་བསྲེ་བ་ཡིས། །སྒྱུ་མའི་སྐུ་རུ་ལྡང་བར་ཤོག །གང་ཞིག་མོས་པས་སྤྱོད་རྣམས་ཀྱང༌། །རྗེས་དྲན་ལྔ་དང་མངོན་ཤེས་དྲུག །མི་བརྗེད་གཟུངས་ཀྱིས་དབུགས་འབྱིན་ནས། །བླ་མ་དྲན་ནས་རྗེས་འཛིན་ཤོག །ཡི་དམ་དྲན་ནས་ཞལ་མཐོང་ཞིང༌། །ལྟ་བ་དང་ནི་བསམ་གཏན་དང༌། །སྐྱེ་གནས་མན་ངག་དྲན་པར་ཤོག །དེ་བཞིན་སྔོན་གནས་ཤེས་པ་དང༌། །འཆི་འཕོ་དང་ནི་སྐྱེ་བ་ཤེས། །ཕ་རོལ་གྱི་ནི་སེམས་ཤེས་དང༌། །སྣང་བ་ལྐོག་གྱུར་ཤེས་པ་དང༌། །རིགས་དྲུག་གནས་རིགས་མཐོང་ཞིང་ཤེས། །དབང་པོ་རྣམ་དག་མངོན་ཤེས་དང༌། །སྔོན་ཆད་ཐོས་སོ་ཅོག་གིས་མཚོན། །ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་གྲངས་ཚད་མེད་པ། །རྒྱུད་ལ་འཆར་བའི་མི་བརྗེད་གཟུངས། །ཐོབ་ཚེ་ངེས་པར་གྲོལ་བའི་གནད། །སྟོང་ཉིད་སྤྲོས་བྲལ་ཀ་དག་གི །རིག་པ་ཅེར་མཐོང་རང་ཐོག་ཏུ། །ངོ་ཤེས་ཐག་ཆོད་གདེང་ཐོབ་ཤོག །མདོར་ན་ཆོས་ཉིད་བར་མ་དོའི། །རྣམ་པར་དཔྱད་ན་མཐའ་མེད་ཀྱང༌། །དཔྱོད་མཁན་ཉིད་ལ་ཚུར་བརྟགས་ན། །གང་དུའང་གྲུབ་པ་མེད་པ་ལ། །མེད་དོ་སྙམ་པའང་རང་གྲོལ་བ། །འདི་ནི་གདོད་མའི་གྲོལ་ས་སྟེ། །གཞོན་ནུ་བུམ་པའི་སྐུ་ཐོབ་ནས། །ལྷུན་གྲུབ་རྩལ་ལས་སྤྲུལ་པ་ཡིས། །འགྲོ་དོན་འཁོར་བ་དོང་སྤྲུགས་ཤོག །གལ་ཏེ་སྲིད་པ་བར་དོ་ལ། །ཁ་འཁྱལ་མིང་བཞི་འདུས་པ་ཅན། །དབང་པོ་ཀུན་ཚང་ཡིད་ཀྱི་ལུས། །ཤི་བར་ངོ་ཤེས་དྲན་པ་གསལ། །རྣམ་གྲོལ་ས་དང་སྐྱེ་གནས་ལ། །ཐོགས་པའི་བྱ་སྒྲོ་རླུང་ཁྱེར་ལྟར། །ལས་རླུང་རྗེས་འགྲོ་ཉམ་ཐག་ཅིང༌། །བྲེད་སྔངས་ཀྱིས་གདུངས་བདུན་ཚན་རེའི། །མཚམས་སུ་འཆི་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་གྱི། །ཚོར་བ་ཉམས་མྱོང་སྐྱེ་གནས་འཚོལ། །དེ་ཚེ་རང་བཞིན་སྤྲུལ་པའི་ཞིང༌། །མངོན་པར་དགའ་དང་དཔལ་ལྡན་དང༌། །པདྨ་བརྩེགས་དང་ལས་རབ་གྲུབ། །དབུས་ཕྱོགས་མེ་རི་འབར་བ་སྟེ། །རྣམ་གྲོལ་དབུགས་ཆེན་འབྱིན་པ་ལྔའི། །དག་ཞིང་ཡིད་ལ་གོམས་བྱས་ནས། །གདོན་མི་ཟ་བར་བགྲོད་པར་ཤོག །གལ་ཏེ་རིག་པའི་རྩལ་དབང་གིས། །མ་སྨིན་བདེན་པ་མ་མཐོང་ན། །སོ་སོའི་གནས་རིགས་མངོན་གྱུར་རམ། །དམྱལ་བ་སྡོང་དུམ་ཡི་དྭགས་དུ། །མགོ་བོ་ཐུར་ལྟ་བྱོལ་སོང་ཁྲག །ལྷ་མིན་ཁ་ཆར་མགོ་ཡང་འཕྲེད། །ལྷ་མི་དཀར་ཞིང་གྱེན་དུ་འགྲེང༌། །འདོད་ལྷ་ཡུལ་ལ་དགའ་གདུང་དང༌། །གཟུགས་ཁམས་འོད་ལ་གཟུགས་མེད་ནི། །ཅི་ཡང་མེད་པའི་སྟོང་ཕྱད་ལ། །དགའ་གདུང་འཆར་ཞིང་ཁྱད་པར་དུ། །ཕ་མའི་འདུ་འཕྲོད་མཐོང་བའི་ཚེ། །ཆགས་སྡང་བདེན་མེད་སྦྱོང་བའམ། །གསུམ་པའི་དབང་དོན་ཉམས་མྱོང་ཞིང༌། །སྐྱེས་གནས་བཞི་ཡི་སྦྱང་གཞི་དང༌། །སྦྱོང་བྱེད་གོམས་པའི་བསྐྱེད་རིམ་གྱིས། །སྔགས་ལ་སྤྱོད་པའི་རྟེན་ཅན་དུ། །སྐྱེ་བ་སྤྲུལ་སྐུའི་བསྲེ་བ་ཡིས། །ཉིང་མཚམས་སྦྱོར་བའི་མཐུ་ཐོབ་ཤོག །སྨིན་བྱེད་དབང་དང་གྲོལ་བྱེད་ཁྲིད། །བསྲུང་བྱ་དམ་ཆིག་ཐོབ་བྱ་འབྲས། །རྣམ་པ་བཞི་རུ་བསྲེ་བ་དང༌། །སྒོ་གསུམ་ལྷ་སྔགས་ཆོས་ཉིད་དུ། །འཕོ་བའི་གནད་ལ་མ་གོམས་ན། །འབྱུང་བཞིའི་རླུང་གི་བྱེད་ལས་ཀྱིས། །ཤིན་ཏུ་འཇིགས་པའི་སྒྲ་བཞི་དང༌། །དུག་གསུམ་ལས་སྐྱེས་གཅོང་རོང་གསུམ། །བག་ཆགས་ལས་སྐྱེས་གཤེད་མའི་གཟུགས། །མེ་ཆུ་གཅན་གཟན་འཇིགས་པའི་ཚོགས། །དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལ་སྐྱབས་འགྲོ་དང༌། །དགེ་བའི་རམ་ཟླས་དབུགས་འབྱིན་ཤོག །དལ་འབྱོར་ཚང་བའི་ལུས་རྟེན་གྱི། །མངལ་སྒོ་བཟང་པོ་འདམ་པ་དང༌། །སྨོན་ལམ་དག་པས་མཚམས་སྦྱར་ནས། །མཐོ་རིས་ཡོན་ཏན་བདུན་ལྡན་གྱི། །རྟེན་ལ་བླ་མ་མཉེས་བྱས་ནས། །ཚུལ་བཞིན་སྤྱོད་པའི་རང་དབང་དང༌། །ཅི་གསུངས་བཀའ་བཞིན་བསྒྲུབ་པ་ཡིས། །ཐུགས་ཡིད་གཅིག་ཏུ་འདྲེས་པར་ཤོག །ཅེས་པའང་རིག་འཛིན་འཇིགས་མེད་གླིང་པས་སོ།།&lt;/big&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;ཨེ་མ་ཧོ། འདི་ནས་ཉི་མ་ནུབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་རོལ་ན། །གྲངས་མེད་འཇིག་རྟེན་མང་པོའི་ཕ་རོལ་ན། །ཅུང་ཟད་སྟེང་དུ་འཕགས་པའི་ཡུལ་ས་ན། །རྣམ་པར་དག་པའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་བདེ་བ་ཅན། །བདག་གི་ཆུ་བུར...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="39685" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ཨེ་མ་ཧོ། འདི་ནས་ཉི་མ་ནུབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་རོལ་ན། །གྲངས་མེད་འཇིག་རྟེན་མང་པོའི་ཕ་རོལ་ན། །ཅུང་ཟད་སྟེང་དུ་འཕགས་པའི་ཡུལ་ས་ན། །རྣམ་པར་དག་པའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་བདེ་བ་ཅན། །བདག་གི་ཆུ་བུར་མིག་གིས་མ་མཐོང་ཡང༌། །རང་སེམས་གསལ་བའི་ཡིད་ལ་ལམ་མེར་གསལ། །དེ་ན་བཅོམ་ལྡན་རྒྱལ་བ་འོད་དཔག་མེད། །པདྨ་རཱ་གའི་མདོག་ཅན་གཟི་བརྗིད་འབར། །དབུ་ལ་གཙུག་གཏོར་ཞབས་ལ་འཁོར་ལོ་སོགས། །མཚན་བཟང་སོ་གཉིས་དཔེ་བྱེད་བརྒྱད་ཅུས་སྤྲས། །ཞལ་གཅིག་ཕྱག་གཉིས་མཉམ་བཞག་ལྷུང་བཟེད་འཛིན། །ཆོས་གོས་རྣམ་གསུམ་གསོལ་ཞིང་སྐྱིལ་ཀྲུང་གིས། །པདྨ་སྟོང་ལྡན་ཟླ་བའི་གདན་སྟེང་དུ། །བྱང་ཆུབ་ཤིང་ལ་སྐུ་རྒྱབ་རྟེན་མཛད་དེ། །ཐུགས་རྗེའི་སྤྱན་གྱིས་རྒྱང་ནས་བདག་ལ་གཟིགས། །གཡས་སུ་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས། །སྐུ་མདོག་དཀར་པོ་ཕྱག་གཡོན་པད་དཀར་འཛིན། །གཡོན་དུ་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་མཐུ་ཆེན་ཐོབ། །སྔོན་པོ་རྡོ་རྗེས་མཚན་པའི་པདྨ་གཡོན། །གཡས་གཉིས་སྐྱབས་སྦྱིན་ཕྱག་རྒྱ་བདག་ལ་བསྟན། གཙོ་བོ་གསུམ་པོ་རི་རྒྱལ་ལྷུན་པོ་བཞིན། །ལྷང་ངེ་ལྷན་ནེ་ལྷམ་མེར་བཞུགས་པའི་འཁོར། །བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའི་དགེ་སློང་བྱེ་བ་འབུམ། །ཀུན་ཀྱང་གསེར་མདོག་མཚན་དང་དཔེ་བྱད་བརྒྱན། །ཆོས་གོས་རྣམ་གསུམ་གསོལ་ཞིང་སེར་ལྟེམ་མེ། །མོས་གུས་ཕྱག་ལ་ཉེ་རིང་ཁྱད་མེད་ཕྱིར། །བདག་གིས་སྒོ་གསུམ་གུས་པས་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ། །ཆོས་སྐུ་སྣང་བ་མཐའ་ཡས་རིགས་ཀྱི་བདག །ཕྱག་གཡས་འོད་ཟེར་ལས་སྤྲུལ་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས། །ཡང་སྤྲུལ་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་དབང་བྱེ་བ་བརྒྱ། །ཕྱག་གཡོན་འོད་ཟེར་ལས་སྤྲུལ་སྒྲོལ་མ་སྟེ། །ཡང་སྤྲུལ་སྒྲོལ་མ་བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་བརྒྱ་འགྱེད། །ཐུགས་ཀྱི་འོད་ཟེར་ལས་སྤྲུལ་པདྨ་འབྱུང༌། །ཡང་སྤྲུལ་ཨུ་རྒྱན་བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག་བརྒྱ་འགྱེད། །ཆོས་སྐུ་འོད་དཔག་མེད་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ། །སངས་རྒྱས་སྤྱན་གྱིས་ཉིན་མཚན་དུས་དྲུག་ཏུ། །སེམས་ཅན་ཀུན་ལ་བརྩེ་བས་རྟག་ཏུ་གཟིགས། །སེམས་ཅན་ཀུན་གྱི་ཡིད་ལ་གང་དྲན་པའི། །རྣམ་རྟོག་གང་འགྱུ་རྟག་ཏུ་ཐུགས་ཀྱིས་མཁྱེན། །སེམས་ཅན་ཀུན་གྱིས་ངག་ཏུ་གང་སྨྲས་ཚིག །རྟག་ཏུ་མ་འདྲེས་སོ་སོར་སྙན་ལ་གསན། །ཀུན་མཁྱེན་འོད་དཔག་མེད་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ། །ཆོས་སྤངས་མཚམས་མེད་བྱས་པ་མ་གཏོགས་པ། །ཁྱེད་ལ་དད་ཅིང་སྨོན་ལམ་བཏབ་ཚད་ཀུན། །བདེ་བ་ཅན་དེར་སྐྱེ་བའི་སྨོན་ལམ་གྲུབ། །བར་དོར་བྱོན་ནས་ཞིང་དེར་འདྲེན་པར་གསུངས། །འདྲེན་པ་འོད་དཔག་མེད་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ། །ཁྱེད་ཀྱི་སྐུ་ཚེ་བསྐལ་པ་གྲངས་མེད་དུ། །མྱ་ངན་མི་འདའ་ད་ལྟར་མངོན་སུམ་བཞུགས། །ཁྱེད་ལ་རྩེ་གཅིག་གུས་པས་གསོལ་བཏབ་ན། །ལས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་པར་སྨིན་པ་མ་གཏོགས་པའི། །ཚེ་ཟད་པ་ཡང་ལོ་བརྒྱ་ཐུབ་པ་དང༌། །དུས་མིན་འཆི་བ་མ་ལུས་བཟློག་པར་གསུངས། །མགོན་པོ་ཚེ་དཔག་མེད་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ། །སྟོང་གསུམ་འཇིག་རྟེན་རབ་འབྱམས་གྲངས་མེད་པ། །རིན་ཆེན་གྱིས་བཀང་སྦྱིན་པ་བྱིན་པ་བས། །འོད་དཔག་མེད་པའི་མཚན་དང་བདེ་བ་ཅན། །ཐོས་ནས་དད་པས་ཐལ་མོ་སྦྱར་བྱས་ན། །དེ་ནི་དེ་བས་བསོད་ནམས་ཆེ་བར་གསུངས། །དེ་ཕྱིར་འོད་དཔག་མེད་ལ་གུས་ཕྱག་འཚལ། །གང་ཞིག་འོད་དཔག་མེད་པའི་མཚན་ཐོས་ནས། །ཁ་ཞེ་མེད་པར་སྙིང་ཁོང་རུས་པའི་གཏིང༌། །ལན་ཅིག་ཙམ་ཞིག་དད་པ་སྐྱེས་པ་ན། །དེ་ནི་བྱང་ཆུབ་ལམ་ལས་ཕྱིར་མི་ལྡོག །མགོན་པོ་འོད་དཔག་མེད་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ། །སངས་རྒྱས་འོད་དཔག་མེད་པའི་མཚན་ཐོས་ནས། །དེ་ནི་བྱང་ཆུབ་སྙིང་པོ་མ་ཐོབ་བར། །བུད་མེད་མི་སྐྱེ་རིགས་ནི་བཟང་པོར་སྐྱེ། །ཚེ་རབས་ཀུན་ཏུ་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་རྣམ་དག་འགྱུར། །བདེ་གཤེགས་འོད་དཔག་མེད་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ། །བདག་གི་ལུས་དང་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་དགེ་རྩར་བཅས། །དངོས་སུ་འབྱོར་པའི་མཆོད་པ་ཅི་མཆིས་པ། །ཡིད་སྤྲུལ་བཀྲ་ཤིས་རྫས་རྟགས་རིན་ཆེན་བདུན། །གདོད་ནས་གྲུབ་པ་སྟོང་གསུམ་འཇིག་རྟེན་གྱི། །གླིང་བཞི་རི་རབ་ཉི་ཟླ་བྱེ་བ་བརྒྱ། །ལྷ་ཀླུ་མི་ཡི་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀུན། །བློ་ཡིས་བླངས་ཏེ་འོད་དཔག་མེད་ལ་འབུལ། །བདག་ལ་ཕན་ཕྱིར་ཐུགས་རྗེའི་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས་བཞེས། །ཕ་མས་ཐོག་དྲངས་བདག་སོགས་འགྲོ་ཀུན་གྱིས། །ཐོག་མ་མེད་པའི་དུས་ནས་ད་ལྟའི་བར། །སྲོག་བཅད་མ་བྱིན་བླངས་དང་མི་ཚངས་སྤྱོད། །ལུས་ཀྱི་མི་དགེ་གསུམ་པོ་མཐོལ་ལོ་བཤགས། །རྫུན་དང་ཕྲ་མ་ཚིག་རྩུབ་ངག་འཁྱལ་བ། །ངག་གི་མི་དགེ་བཞི་པོ་མཐོལ་ལོ་བཤགས། །བརྣབ་སེམས་གནོད་སེམས་ལོག་པར་ལྟ་བ་སྟེ། །ཡིད་ཀྱི་མི་དགེ་གསུམ་པོ་མཐོལ་ལོ་བཤགས། །ཕ་མ་སློབ་དཔོན་དགྲ་བཅོམ་བསད་པ་དང༌། །རྒྱལ་བའི་སྐུ་ལ་ངན་སེམས་སྐྱེས་པ་དང༌། །མཚམས་མེད་ལྔ་ཡི་ལས་བསགས་མཐོལ་ལོ་བཤགས། །དགེ་སློང་དགེ་ཚུལ་བསད་དང་བཙུན་མ་ཕབ། །སྐུ་གཟུགས་མཆོད་རྟེན་ལྷ་ཁང་བཤིགས་ལ་སོགས། །ཉེ་བའི་མཚམས་མེད་སྡིག་བྱས་མཐོལ་ལོ་བཤགས། །དཀོན་མཆོག་ལྷ་ཁང་གསུང་རབ་རྟེན་གསུམ་སོགས། །དཔང་ཞེས་ཚད་བཙུགས་མནའ་ཟོས་ལ་སོགས་པ། །ཆོས་སྤངས་ལས་ངན་བསགས་པ་མཐོལ་ལོ་བཤགས། །ཁམས་གསུམ་སེམས་ཅན་བསད་ལས་སྡིག་ཆེ་བ། །བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རྣམས་ལ་སྐུར་པ་བཏབ། །དོན་མེད་སྡིག་ཆེན་བསགས་པ་མཐོལ་ལོ་བཤགས། །དགེ་བའི་ཕན་ཡོན་སྡིག་པའི་ཉེས་དམིགས་དང༌། །དམྱལ་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཚེ་ཚད་ལ་སོགས་པ། །ཐོས་ཀྱང་མི་བདེན་བཤད་ཚང་ཡིན་བསམས་པ། མཚམས་མེད་ལྔ་ལས་ཐུ་བའི་ལས་ངན་པ། །ཐར་མེད་ལས་ངན་བསགས་པ་མཐོལ་ལོ་བཤགས། །ཕམ་པ་བཞི་དང་ལྷག་མ་བཅུ་གསུམ་དང༌། །སྤང་ལྟུང་སོར་བཤགས་ཉེས་བྱས་སྡེ་ཚན་ལྔ། །སོ་ཐར་ཚུལ་ཁྲིམས་འཆལ་པ་མཐོལ་ལོ་བཤགས། །ནག་པོའི་ཆོས་བཞི་ལྟུང་བ་ལྔ་ལྔ་བརྒྱད། །བྱང་སེམས་བསླབ་པ་ཉམས་པ་མཐོལ་ལོ་བཤགས། །རྩ་ལྟུང་བཅུ་བཞི་ཡན་ལག་སྦོམ་པོ་བརྒྱད། །གསང་སྔགས་དམ་ཚིག་ཉམས་པ་མཐོལ་ལོ་བཤགས། །སྡོམ་པ་མ་ཞུས་མི་དགེའི་ལས་བྱས་པ། །མི་ཚངས་སྤྱོད་དང་ཆང་འཐུང་ལ་སོགས་པ། །རང་བཞིན་ཁ་ན་མ་ཐོའི་སྡིག་པ་སྟེ། །སྡིག་པ་སྡིག་ཏུ་མ་ཤེས་མཐོལ་ལོ་བཤགས། །སྐྱབས་སྡོམ་དབང་བསྐུར་ལ་སོགས་ཐོབ་ན་ཡང༌། །དེ་ཡི་སྡོམ་པ་དམ་ཚིག་བསྲུང་མ་ཤེས། །བཅས་པའི་ལྟུང་བ་ཕོག་པ་མཐོལ་ལོ་བཤགས། །འགྱོད་པ་མེད་ན་བཤགས་པས་མི་འདག་པས། །སྔར་བྱས་སྡིག་པ་ཁོང་དུ་དུག་སོང་ལྟར། །ངོ་ཚ་འཇིགས་སྐྲག་འགྱོད་པ་ཆེན་པོར་བཤགས། །ཕྱིན་ཆད་སྡོམ་སེམས་མེད་ན་མི་འདག་པས། །ཕྱིན་ཆད་སྲོག་ལ་བབ་ཀྱང་མི་དགེའི་ལས། །ད་ནས་མི་བགྱིད་སེམས་ལ་དམ་བཅའ་བཟུང༌། །བདེ་གཤེགས་འོད་དཔག་མེད་པ་སྲས་བཅས་ཀྱིས། །བདག་རྒྱུད་ཡོངས་སུ་དག་པར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། །གཞན་གྱིས་དགེ་བ་བྱེད་པ་ཐོས་པའི་ཚེ། །དེ་ལ་ཕྲག་དོག་མི་དགེའི་སེམས་སྤངས་ནས། །སྙིང་ནས་དགའ་བས་རྗེས་སུ་ཡི་རང་ན། །དེ་ཡི་བསོད་ནམས་མཉམ་དུ་ཐོབ་པར་གསུངས། །དེ་ཕྱིར་འཕགས་པ་རྣམས་དང་སོ་སྐྱེ་ཡིས། །དགེ་བ་གང་བསྒྲུབས་ཀུན་ལ་ཡི་རང་ངོ༌། །བླ་མེད་བྱང་ཆུབ་མཆོག་ཏུ་སེམས་བསྐྱེད་ནས། །འགྲོ་དོན་རྒྱ་ཆེན་མཛད་ལ་ཡི་རང་ངོ། །མི་དགེ་བཅུ་པོ་སྤངས་པ་དགེ་བ་བཅུ། །གཞན་གྱི་སྲོག་བསྐྱབ་སྦྱིན་པ་གཏོང་བ་དང༌། །སྡོམ་པ་སྲུང་ཞིང་བདེན་པར་སྨྲ་བ་དང༌། །འཁོན་པ་སྡུམ་དང་ཞི་དལ་དྲང་པོང་སྨྲ། །དོན་དང་ལྡན་པའི་གཏམ་བརྫོད་འདོད་པ་ཆུང༌། །དགེ་བ་དེ་རྣམས་ཀུན་ལ་ཡི་རང་ངོ༌། །ཕྱོགས་བཅུའི་འཇིག་རྟེན་རབ་འབྱམས་ཐམས་ཅད་ན། །རྫོགས་སངས་རྒྱས་ནས་རིང་པོང་མ་ལོན་བར། །དེ་དག་རྣམས་ལ་ཆོས་ཀྱི་འཁོར་ལོ་ནི། །རྒྱ་ཆེན་མྱུར་དུ་བསྐོར་བར་བདག་གིས་བསྐུལ། །མངོན་ཤེས་ཐུགས་ཀྱིས་དེ་དོན་མཁྱེན་པར་གསོལ། །སངས་རྒྱས་བྱང་སེམས་བསྟན་འཛིན་དགེ་བའི་བཤེས། །མྱ་ངན་འདའ་བར་བཞེད་ཀུན་དེ་དག་ལ། །མྱ་ངན་མི་འདའ་བཞུགས་པར་གསོལ་བ་འདེབས། །འདིས་མཚོན་བདག་གི་དུས་གསུམ་དགེ་བ་རྣམས། །འགྲོ་བ་སེམས་ཅན་ཀུན་གྱི་དོན་དུ་བསྔོ། །ཀུན་ཀྱང་བླ་མེད་བྱང་ཆུབ་མྱུར་ཐོབ་ནས། །ཁམས་གསུམ་འཁོར་བ་དོང་ནས་སྤྲུག་གྱུར་ཅིག །དེ་ཡི་དགེ་བ་བདག་ལ་མྱུར་སྨིན་ནས། །ཚེ་འདིར་དུས་མིན་འཆི་བ་བཅོ་བརྒྱད་ཞི། །ནད་མེད་ལང་ཚོ་རྒྱས་པའི་ལུས་སྟོབས་ལྡན། །དཔལ་འབྱོར་འཛད་མེད་དབྱར་གྱི་གདྒཱ་ལྟར། །བདུད་དགྲའི་འཚེ་བ་མེད་ཅིང་དམ་ཆོས་སྤྱོད། །བསམ་པའི་དོན་ཀུན་ཆོས་ལྡན་ཡིད་བཞིན་འགྲུབ། །བསྟན་དང་འགྲོ་ལ་ཕན་ཐོགས་རྒྱ་ཆེན་འགྲུབ། །མི་ལུས་དོན་དང་ལྡན་པ་འགྲུབ་པར་ཤོག །བདག་དང་བདག་ལ་འབྲེལ་ཐོགས་ཀུན། །འདི་ནས་ཚེ་འཕོས་གྱུར་མ་ཐག །སྤྲུལ་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་འོད་དཔག་མེད། །དགེ་སློང་དགེ་འདུན་འཁོར་གྱིས་བསྐོར། །མདུན་དུ་མངོན་སུམ་འབྱོན་པར་ཤོག །དེ་མཐོང་ཡིད་དགའ་སྣང་བ་སྐྱིད། །ཤི་བའི་སྡུག་བསྔལ་མེད་པར་ཤོག །བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་མཆེད་བརྒྱད་ནི། །རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས་ནམ་མཁར་བྱོན། །བདེ་བ་ཅན་དུ་འགྲོ་བ་ཡི། །ལམ་སྟོན་ལམ་སྣ་འདྲེན་པར་ཤོག །ངན་སོང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་བཟོད་བླག་མེད། །ལྷ་མིའི་བདེ་སྐྱིད་མི་རྟག་འགྱུར། །དེ་ལ་སྐྲག་སེམས་སྐྱེ་བར་ཤོག །ཐོག་མ་མེད་ནས་ད་ལྟའི་བར། །འཁོར་བ་འདི་ན་ཡུན་རེ་རིང༌། །དེ་ལ་སྐྱོ་བ་སྐྱེ་བར་ཤོག །མི་ནས་མི་རུ་སྐྱེ་ཆོག་ཀྱང༌། །སྐྱེ་རྒ་ན་འཆི་གྲངས་མེད་མྱོང༌། །དུས་ངན་སྙིགས་མར་བར་ཆད་མང༌། །མི་དང་ལྷ་ཡི་བདེ་སྐྱིད་འདི། །དུག་དང་འདྲེས་པའི་ཟས་བཞིན་དུ། །འདོད་པ་སྤུ་ཙམ་མེད་པར་ཤོག །ཉེ་དུ་ཟས་ནོར་མཐུན་གྲོགས་རྣམས། །མི་རྟག་སྒྱུ་མ་རྨི་ལམ་བཞིན། །ཆགས་ཞེན་སྤུ་ཙམ་མེད་པར་ཤོག །ས་ཆ་ཡུལ་རིས་ཁང་ཁྱིམ་རྣམས། །རྨི་ལམ་ཡུལ་གྱི་ཁང་ཁྱིམ་ལྟར། །བདེན་པར་མ་གྲུབ་ཤེས་པར་ཤོག །ཐར་མེད་འཁོར་བའི་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ནས། །ཉེས་ཆེན་བཙོན་ནས་ཐར་པ་བཞིན། །ནུབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ནམ་མཁའ་ལ། །ཕྱི་ལྟས་མེད་པར་འབྲོས་པར་ཤོག །ཆགས་ཞེན་འབྲི་བ་ཀུན་བཅད་ནས། །བྱ་རྒོད་རྙི་ནས་ཐར་པ་བཞིན། །ནུབ་ཀྱི་ཕྱོགས་ཀྱི་ནམ་མཁའ་ལ། །འཇིག་རྟེན་ཁམས་ནི་གྲངས་མེད་པ། །སྐད་ཅིག་ཡུད་ལ་བགྲོད་བྱས་ནས། བདེ་བ་ཅན་དུ་ཕྱིན་པར་ཤོག །དེ་རུ་སངས་རྒྱས་འོད་དཔག་མེད། །མངོན་སུམ་བཞུགས་པའི་ཞལ་མཐོང་ནས། །སྒྲིབ་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་དག་པར་ཤོག །སྐྱེ་གནས་བཞི་ཡི་མཆོག་གྱུར་བ། །མེ་ཏོག་པདྨའི་སྙིང་པོ་ལ། །བརྫུས་ཏེ་སྐྱེ་བ་ལེན་པར་ཤོག །སྐད་ཅིག་ཉིད་ལ་ལུས་རྫོགས་ནས། །མཚན་དཔེ་ལྡན་པའི་ལུས་ཐོབ་ཤོག །མི་སྐྱེ་དོགས་པའི་ཐེ་ཚོམ་གྱིས། །ལོ་གྲངས་ལྔ་བརྒྱའི་བར་དག་ཏུ། །ནང་དེར་བདེ་སྐྱིད་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ལྡན། །སངས་རྒྱས་གསུང་ནི་ཐོས་ན་ཡང༌། །མེ་ཏོག་ཁ་ནི་མི་བྱེ་བས། སངས་རྒྱས་ཞལ་མཇལ་ཕྱི་བའི་སྐྱོན། །དེ་འདྲ་བདག་ལ་མི་འབྱུང་ཤོག །སྐྱེ་མ་ཐག་ཏུ་མེ་ཏོག་བྱེ། །འོད་དཔག་མེད་པའི་ཞལ་མཐོང་ཤོག །བསོད་ནམས་སྟོབས་དང་རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་གྱིས། །ལག་པའི་མཐིལ་ནས་མཆོད་པའི་སྤྲིན། །བསམ་མི་ཁྱབ་པར་སྤྲོས་བྱས་ནས། །སངས་རྒྱས་འཁོར་བཅས་མཆོད་པར་ཤོག །དེ་ཚེ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་དེས། །ཕྱག་གཡས་བརྐྱང་ནས་མགོ་ལ་བཞག །བྱང་ཆུབ་ལུང་བསྟན་ཐོབ་པར་ཤོག །ཟབ་དང་རྒྱ་ཆེའི་ཆོས་ཐོས་ནས། །རང་རྒྱུད་སྨིན་ཅིང་གྲོལ་བར་ཤོག །སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་དང་མཐུ་ཆེན་ཐོབ། །རྒྱལ་སྲས་ཐུ་བོ་རྣམ་གཉིས་ཀྱིས། །བྱིནགྱིས་བརླབས་ཤིང་རྗེས་བཟུང་ཤོག །ཉིན་རེ་བཞིན་དུ་ཕྱོགས་བཅུ་ཡི། །སངས་རྒྱས་བྱང་སེམས་དཔག་མེད་པ། །འོད་དཔག་མེད་པ་མཆོད་པ་དང༌། །ཞིང་དེར་བལྟ་ཕྱིར་འབྱོན་པའི་ཚེ། །དེ་དག་ཀུན་ལ་བསྙེན་བཀུར་ཞིང༌། །ཆོས་ཀྱི་བདུད་རྩི་ཐོབ་པར་ཤོག །རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་ཐོགས་མ་མེད་པ་ཡིས། །མངོན་དགའི་ཞིང་དང་དཔལ་ལྡན་ཞིང༌། །ལས་རབ་རྫོགས་དང་སྟུག་པོ་བཀོད། །སྔ་དྲོ་དེ་དག་རྣམས་སུ་འགྲོ། །མི་བསྐྱོད་རིན་འབྱུང་དོན་ཡོད་གྲུབ། །རྣམ་སྣང་ལ་སོགས་སངས་རྒྱས་ལ། །དབང་དང་བྱིན་རླབས་སྡོམ་པ་ཞུ། །མཆོད་པ་དུ་མས་མཆོད་བྱས་ནས། །དགོང་མོ་དེ་བ་ཅན་ཉིད་དུ། །དཀའ་ཚེགས་མེད་པར་སླེབ་པར་ཤོག །པོ་ཊ་ལ་དང་ལྕང་ལོ་ཅན། །རྔ་ཡབ་གླིང་དང་ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཡུལ། །སྤྲུལ་སྐུའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་བྱེ་བ་བརྒྱ། །སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་དང་སྒྲོལ་མ་དང༌། །ཕྱག་རྡོར་པད་འབྱུང་བྱེ་བ་བརྒྱ། །མཇལ་ཞིང་མཆོད་པ་རྒྱ་མཚོས་མཆོད། །དབང་དང་གདམས་ངག་ཟབ་མོ་ཞུ། །མྱུར་དུ་རང་གནས་བདེ་ཆེན་ཞིང༌། །ཐོགས་པ་མེད་པར་ཕྱིན་པར་ཤོག །ཤུལ་གྱི་ཉེ་དུ་གྲྭ་སློབ་སོགས། །ལྷ་ཡི་མིག་གིས་གསལ་བར་མཐོང༌། །སྲུང་སྐྱོབ་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས་བྱེད་ཅིང༌། །འཆི་དུས་ཞིང་དེར་ཁྲིད་པར་ཤོག །བསྐལ་བཟང་འདི་ཡི་བསྐལ་པའི་ཡུན། །བདེ་བ་ཅན་གྱི་ཞག་གཅིག་སྟེ། །བསྐལ་པ་གྲངས་མེད་འཆི་བ་མེད། །རྟག་ཏུ་ཞིང་དེར་འཛིན་པར་ཤོག །བྱམས་པ་ནས་བཟུང་མོས་པའི་བར། །བསྐལ་བཟང་འདི་ཡི་སངས་རྒྱས་རྣམས། །འཇིག་རྟེན་འདི་ན་ནམ་འབྱོན་ཚེ། །རྫུ་འཕྲུལ་སྟོབས་ཀྱིས་འདིར་འོངས་ནས། །སངས་རྒྱས་མཆོད་ཅིང་དམ་ཆོས་ཉན། །སླར་ཡང་བདེ་ཆེན་ཞིང་ཁམས་སུ། །ཐོགས་པ་མེད་པར་འགྲོ་བར་ཤོག །སངས་རྒྱས་བྱེ་བ་ཁྲག་ཁྲིག་བརྒྱ་སྟོང་ཕྲག །བརྒྱད་ཅུ་རྩ་གཅིག་སངས་རྒྱས་ཞིང་ཀུན་གྱི། །ཡོན་ཏན་བཀོད་པ་ཐམས་ཅད་གཅིག་བསྡོམས་པ། །ཞིང་ཁམས་ཀུན་ལས་ཁྱད་འཕགས་བླ་ན་མེད། །བདེ་བ་ཅན་གྱི་ཞིང་དེར་སྐྱེ་བར་ཤོག །རིན་ཆེན་ས་གཞི་ཁོད་སྙོམས་ལག་མཐིལ་ལྟར། །ཡངས་ཤིང་རྒྱ་ཆེ་གསལ་ཞིང་འོད་ཟེར་འབར། །མནན་ན་ནེམ་ཞིང་བཏེགས་ན་སྤར་བྱེད་པ། །བདེ་འཇམ་ཡངས་པའི་ཞིང་དེར་སྐྱེ་བར་ཤོག །རིན་ཆེན་དུ་མ་ལས་གྲུབ་དཔག་བསམ་ཤིང༌། །ལོ་མ་དར་ཟབ་འབྲས་བུས་རིན་ཆེན་བརྒྱན། །དེ་སྟེང་སྤྲུལ་པའི་བྱ་ཚོགས་སྐད་སྙན་སྒྲས། །ཟབ་དང་རྒྱ་ཆེའི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྒྲ་རྣམས་སྒྲོགས། །ངོ་མཚར་ཆེན་པོའི་ཞིང་དེར་སྐྱེ་བར་ཤོག །སྤོས་ཆུའི་ཆུ་ཀླུང་ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་ལྡན་མང༌། །དེ་བཞིན་བདུད་རྩིའི་ཁྲུས་ཀྱི་རྫིང་བུ་རྣམས། །རིན་ཆེན་སྣ་བདུན་ཐེམ་སྐས་ཕ་གུས་བསྐོར། །མེ་ཏོག་པདྨའི་དྲི་ཞིམ་འབྲས་བུར་ལྡན། །པདྨའི་འོད་ཟེར་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པ་འཕྲོ། །འོད་ཟེར་རྩེ་ལ་སྤྲུལ་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་བརྒྱན། །ཡ་མཚན་ཆེན་པོའི་ཞིང་དེར་སྐྱེ་བར་ཤོག །མི་ཁོམ་བརྒྱད་དང་ངན་སོང་སྒྲ་མི་གྲགས། །ཉོན་མོངས་དུག་ལྔ་དུག་གསུམ་ནད་དང་གདོན། །དགྲ་དང་དབུལ་ཕོངས་འཐབ་རྩོད་ལ་སོགས་པ། །སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཐམས་ཅད་ཞིང་དེར་ཐོས་མ་མྱོང༌། །བདེ་བ་ཆེན་པོའི་ཞིང་དེར་སྐྱེ་བར་ཤོག །བུད་མེད་མེད་ཅིང་མངལ་ནས་སྐྱེ་བ་མེད། །ཀུན་ཀྱང་མེ་ཏོག་པདྨའི་སྦུབས་ནས་འཁྲུངས། །ཐམས་ཅད་སྐུ་ལུས་ཁྱད་མེད་གསེར་གྱི་མདོག །དབུ་ལ་གཙུག་ཏོར་ལ་སོགས་མཚན་དཔེས་བརྒྱན། །མངོན་ཤེས་ལྔ་དང་སྤྱན་ལྔ་ཀུན་ལ་མངའ། །ཡོན་ཏན་དཔག་མེད་ཞིང་དེར་སྐྱེ་བར་ཤོག །རང་བྱུང་རིན་ཆེན་སྣ་ཚོགས་གཞལ་ཡས་ཁང༌། །ཅི་འདོད་ལོངས་སྤྱོད་ཡིད་ལ་དྲན་པས་འབྱུང༌། །རྩོལ་སྒྲུབ་མི་དགོས་དགོས་འདོད་ལྷུན་གྱིས་གྲུབ། །ང་ཁྱོད་མེད་ཅིང་བདག་ཏུ་འཛིན་པ་མེད། །གང་འདོད་མཆོད་སྤྲིན་ལག་པའི་མཐིལ་ནས་འབྱུང༌། །ཐམས་ཅད་བླ་མེད་ཐེག་ཆེན་ཆོས་ལ་སྤྲོད། །བདེ་སྐྱིད་ཀུན་འབྱུང་ཞིང་དེར་སྐྱེ་བར་ཤོག །དྲི་ཞིམ་རླུང་གིས་མེ་ཏོག་ཆང་ཆེན་འབེབས། །ཤིང་དང་ཆུ་ཀླུང་པདྨོ་ཐམས་ཅད་ལས། །ཡིད་དུ་འོང་གཟུགས་སྒྲ་དྲི་རོ་རེག །ལོངས་སྤྱོད་མཆོད་པའི་སྤྲིན་ཕུང་རྟག་ཏུ་འབྱུང༌། །བུད་མེད་མེད་ཀྱང་སྤྲུལ་པའི་ལྷ་མོའི་ཚོགས། །མཆོད་པའི་ལྷ་མོ་དུ་མས་རྟག་ཏུ་མཆོད། །འདུག་བར་འདོད་ཚེ་རིན་ཆེན་གཞལ་ཡས་ཁང༌། །ཉལ་བར་འདོད་ཚེ་རིན་ཆེན་ཁྲི་བཟང་སྟེང༌། །དར་ཟབ་དུ་མའི་མལ་སྟན་སྔས་དང་བཅས། །བྱ་དང་ལྗོན་ཤིང་ཆུ་ཀླུང་རོལ་མོ་སོགས། །ཐོས་བར་འདོད་ཚེ་སྙན་པའི་ཆོས་སྒྲ་སྒྲོགས། །མི་འདོད་ཚེ་ན་རྣ་བར་སྒྲ་མི་གྲགས། །བདུད་རྩིའི་རྗིང་བུ་ཆུ་ཀླུང་དེ་རྣམས་ཀྱང༌། །དྲོ་གྲང་གང་འདོད་དེ་ལ་དེ་ལྟར་འབྱུང༌། །ཡིད་བཞིན་འགྲུབ་པའི་ཞིང་དེར་སྐྱེ་བར་ཤོག །ཞིང་དེར་རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་འོད་དཔག་མེད། །བསྐལ་པ་གྲངས་མེད་མྱ་ངན་མི་འདའ་བཞུགས། །དེ་སྲིད་དེ་ཡི་ཞབས་འབྲིང་བྱེད་པར་ཤོག །ནམ་ཞིག་འོད་དཔག་མེད་དེ་ཞི་བར་གཤེགས། །བསྐལ་པ་གདྒཱའི་ཀླུང་གི་བྱེ་མ་སྙེད། །གཉིས་ཀྱི་བར་དུ་བསྟན་པ་གནས་པའི་ཚེ། །རྒྱལ་ཚབ་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་དང་མི་འབྲལ་ཞིང༌། །དེ་ཡི་ཡུན་ལ་དམ་ཆོས་འཛིན་པར་ཤོག །སྲོད་ལ་དམ་ཆོས་ནུབ་པའི་ཐོ་རངས་ལ། །སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་དེ་མངོན་པར་སངས་རྒྱས་ནས། །སངས་རྒྱས་འོད་ཟེར་ཀུན་ནས་འཕགས་པ་ཡི། །དཔལ་བརྩེགས་རྒྱལ་པོ་ཞེས་བྱར་གྱུར་པའི་ཚེ། །ཞལ་ཏ་མཆོད་ཅིང་དམ་ཆོས་ཉན་པར་ཤོག །སྐུ་ཚེ་བསྐལ་པ་བྱེ་བ་ཁྲག་ཁྲིག་ནི། །འབུམ་ཕྲག་དྲུག་ཅུ་རྩ་དྲུག་བཞུགས་པའི་ཚེ། །རྟག་ཏུ་ཞབས་འབྲིང་བསྙེན་བཀུར་བྱེེད་པ་དང༌། །མི་བརྗེད་གཟུངས་ཀྱིས་དམ་ཆོས་འཛིན་པར་ཤོག །མྱ་ངན་འདས་ནས་དེ་ཡི་བསྟན་པ་ནི། །བསྐལ་པ་དུང་ཕྱུར་དྲུག་དང་བྱེ་བ་ཕྲག །འབུམ་ཕྲག་གསུམ་གནས་དེ་ཚེ་ཆོས་འཛིན་ཅིང༌། །མཐུ་ཆེན་ཐོབ་དང་རྟག་ཏུ་མི་འབྲལ་ཤོག །དེ་ནས་མཐུ་ཆེན་ཐོབ་དེ་སངས་རྒྱས་ནས། །དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་རབ་ཏུ་བརྟན་པ་ནི། །ཡོན་ཏན་ནོར་བུ་བརྩེགས་པའི་རྒྱལ་པོར་གྱུར། །སྐུ་ཚེ་བསྟན་པ་སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་དང་མཉམ། །སངས་རྒྱས་དེ་ཡི་རྟག་ཏུ་ཞབས་འབྲིང་བྱེད། །མཆོད་པས་མཆོད་ཅིང་དམ་ཆོས་ཀུན་འཛིན་ཤོག །དེ་ནས་བདག་གི་ཚེ་འདི་བརྗེས་མ་ཐག །ཞིང་ཁམས་དེ་འམ་དག་པའི་ཞིང་གཞན་དུ། །བླ་མེད་རྫོགས་པའི་སངས་རྒྱས་ཐོབ་པར་ཤོག །རྫོགས་སངས་རྒྱས་ནས་ཚེ་དཔག་མེད་པ་ལྟར། །མཚན་ཐོས་ཙམ་གྱིས་འགྲོ་ཀུན་སྨིན་ཅིང་གྲོལ། །སྤྲུལ་པ་གྲངས་མེད་འགྲོ་བ་འདྲེན་པ་སོགས། །འབད་མེད་ལྷུན་གྲུབ་འགྲོ་དོན་དཔག་མེད་ཤོག །དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཚེ་དང་བསོད་ནམས་དང༌། །ཡོན་ཏན་ཡེ་ཤེས་གཟི་བརྗིད་ཚད་མེད་པ། །ཆོས་སྐུ་སྣང་བ་མཐའ་ཡས་འོད་དཔག་མེད། །ཚེ་དང་ཡེ་ཤེས་དཔག་མེད་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས། །གང་ཞིག་ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་མཚན་ནི་སུས་འཛིན་པ། །སྔོན་གྱི་ལས་ཀྱི་རྣམ་སྨིན་མ་གཏོགས་པ། །མེ་ཆུ་དུག་མཚོན་གནོད་སྦྱིན་སྲིན་པོ་སོགས། །འཇིག་པ་ཀུན་ལས་སྐྱོབ་པར་ཐུབ་པས་གསུངས། །བདག་ནི་ཁྱེད་ཀྱི་མཚན་འཛིན་ཕྱག་འཚལ་བས། །འཇིགས་དང་སྡུག་བསྔལ་ཀུན་ལས་བསྐྱབ་མཛད་གསོལ། །བཀྲ་ཤིས་ཕུན་སུམ་ཚོགས་པར་བྱིན་གྱིས་རློབས། །སངས་རྒྱས་སྐུ་གསུམ་བརྙེས་པའི་བྱིན་རླབས་དང༌། །ཆོས་ཉིད་མི་འགྱུར་བདེན་པའི་བྱིན་རླབས་དང༌། །དགེ་འདུན་མི་ཕྱེད་འདུས་པའི་བྱིན་རླབས་ཀྱིས། །ཇི་ལྟར་སྨོན་ལམ་བཏབ་བཞིན་འགྲུབ་པར་ཤོག །དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ། །ཏཏྱ་ཐཱ། །པཉྩནྡྲི་ཡ་ཨ་ཝབོ་དྷ་ནཱ་ཡ་སྭཱ་ཧཱ། །སྨོན་ལམ་འགྲུབ་པའི་གཟུངས་སོ། །དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལ་ཕྱག་འཚལ་ལོ། །ན་མོ་མཉྫུ་ཤྲཱི་ཡེ། །ན་མོཿསུཤྲཱི་ཡེ། །ན་མོ་ཨུཏྟ་མ་ཤྲཱི་ཡེ་སྭཱ་ཧཱ།། ཞེས་བརྗོད་ནས་ཕྱག་གསུམ་འཚལ་ན་འབུམ་ཐེར་དུ་འགྱུར་བར་གསུངས།&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;sub&gt;འདི་ཉིད་ཆག་མེད་ཐུགས་དམ་མཛོད། །ལག་པ་ན་ཡང་འབད་ནས་བྲིས། །མང་པོ་འགའ་ལ་ཨེ་ཕན་བསམ། །དཔེ་གཅོད་འདོད་མི་གདའ་ན་གཡོར། །འདི་ལས་ཕན་ཡོན་ཆེ་བ་མེད། །འདི་ལས་ཟབ་པའི་གདམས་ངག་མེད། །ང་ཡི་ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྩ་བ་ཡིན། །རང་གང་མ་སྐྱུར་ཉམས་ལེན་འབུང༌། འདི་ནི་མདོ་ལུགས་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིར། །ལུང་མ་ཐོབ་ཀྱང་འདོན་ནི་རུང༌།&lt;/sub&gt;</text>
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    <title>བདེ་བ་ཅན་གྱི་སྨོན་ལམ་བསྡུས་པ་ནི།</title>
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      <timestamp>2022-05-10T11:34:51Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;big&gt;ཨེ་མ་ཧོཿ ངོ་མཚར་སངས་རྒྱས་སྣང་བ་མཐའ་ཡས་དང༌། །གཡས་སུ་ཇོ་བོ་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་དང༌། །གཡོན་དུ་སེམས་དཔའ་མཐུ་ཆེན་ཐོབ་རྣམས་ལ། །སངས་རྒྱས་བྱང་སེམས་དཔག་མེད་འཁོར་གྱིས་བསྐོར།...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="3661" xml:space="preserve">&lt;big&gt;ཨེ་མ་ཧོཿ ངོ་མཚར་སངས་རྒྱས་སྣང་བ་མཐའ་ཡས་དང༌། །གཡས་སུ་ཇོ་བོ་ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་དང༌། །གཡོན་དུ་སེམས་དཔའ་མཐུ་ཆེན་ཐོབ་རྣམས་ལ། །སངས་རྒྱས་བྱང་སེམས་དཔག་མེད་འཁོར་གྱིས་བསྐོར། །བདེ་སྐྱིད་ངོ་མཚར་དཔག་ཏུ་མེད་པ་ཡི། །བདེ་བ་ཅན་ཞེས་བྱ་བའི་ཞིང་ཁམས་དེར། །བདག་གཞན་འདི་ནས་ཚེ་འཕོས་གྱུར་མ་ཐག །སྐྱེ་བ་གཞན་གྱིས་བར་མ་ཆོད་པ་རུ། །དེ་རུ་སྐྱེས་ནས་སྣང་མཐའི་ཞལ་མཐོང་ཤོག །དེ་སྐད་བདག་གིས་སྨོན་ལམ་བཏབ་པ་འདི། །ཕྱོགས་བཅུ་སངས་རྒྱས་བྱང་སེམས་ཐམས་ཅད་ཀྱིས། །གེགས་མེད་འགྲུབ་པར་བྱིན་གྱིས་བརླབ་ཏུ་གསོལ། །ཏདྱཐཱ། པཉྩ་དྲི་ཡ་ཨ་ཝ་བོ་དྷ་ནཱ་ཡ་སྭཱ་ཧཱ། གནམ་ཆོས་བདེ་ཆེན་ཞིང་སྒྲུབ་ནས་ཁོལ་དུ་ཕྱུངས་པའོ།།  ཕྱོགས་དུས་རྒྱལ་བ་སྲས་བཅས་དགོངས། །ཚོགས་གཉིས་རྫོགས་ལ་རྗེས་ཡི་རང༌། །བདག་གིས་དུས་གསུམ་དགེ་བསགས་པ། །དཀོན་མཆོག་གསུམ་ལ་མཆོད་པ་འབུལ། །རྒྱལ་བའི་བསྟན་པ་འཕེལ་གྱུར་ཅིག །དགེ་བ་སེམས་ཅན་ཀུན་བསྔོ། །འགྲོ་ཀུན་སངས་རྒྱས་ཐོབ་གྱུར་ཅིག །དགེ་རྩ་ཐམས་ཅད་གཅིག་བསྡུས་ཏེ། །བདག་གི་རྒྱུ་ལ་སྨིན་གྱུར་ཅིག །སྒྲིབ་གཉིས་དག་ནས་ཚོགས་རྫོགས་ཏེ། །ཚེ་རིང་ནད་མེད་ཉམས་རྟོགས་འཕེལ། །ཚེ་འདིར་ས་བཅུ་ནོན་གྱུར་ཅིག །ནམ་ཞིག་ཚེ་འཕོས་གྱུར་མ་ཐག །བདེ་བ་ཅན་དུ་སྐྱེ་གྱུར་ཅིག །སྐྱེས་ནས་པདྨའི་ཁ་ཕྱེ་སྟེ། །ལུས་རྟེན་དེ་ལ་སངས་རྒྱས་ཤོག །བྱང་ཆུབ་ཐོབ་ནས་ཇི་སྲིད་དུ། །སྤྲུལ་པས་འགྲོ་བ་འདྲེན་པར་ཤོག ། སངས་རྒྱས་སྐུ་གསུམ་བརྙེས་པའི་བྱིན་རླབས་དང༌། །ཆོས་ཉིད་མི་འགྱུར་བདེན་པའི་བྱིན་རླབས་དང༌། །དགེ་འདུན་མི་ཕྱེད་འདུན་པའི་བྱིན་རླབས་ཀྱིས། །ཇི་ལྟར་བསྔོས་བཞིན་སྨོན་ལམ་འགྲུབ་པར་ཤོག །
&lt;/big&gt;</text>
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      <comment>Redirected page to [[བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="41" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[བངྒ་ལ་དེཤ]]</text>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>Grammar</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8427" xml:space="preserve">ཀི་ལེ་སི་ཝན། , (1982ལོའི་ཟླ་10ཚེས་5ཉིན། )ནི་ཁ་ན་ཏའི་བུད་མེད་འཁྲབ་སྟོན་པ་དང་། ཐོན་སྐྱེད་བྱེད་མཁན། འཁྲབ་འཁྲིད་པ། རོལ་མོ་མཁན། གློག་བརྙན་བཟོ་མཁན། གླུ་བ། འཁྲབ་གཞུང་རྩོམ་པ་པོ་བཅས་ཡིན། ཁོ་མོས་མི་སྣ་སྣ་ཚོགས་ཀྱི་ཁྲོད་དུ་རོལ་མོའི་བརྙན་ཕབ་དང་གློག་བརྙན་འགའ་འཁྲབ་སྟོན་བྱས། [1] [2] [3] ཁོ་མོའི་རོལ་མོའི་འཇོན་ཐང་ལ་རྣོ་སྦྲེང་དཀྲོལ་བ་དང་། པི་ཝང་དཀྲོལ་བ། པི་ཝང་དཀྲོལ་བ། རྔ་རྡུང་བ་བཅས་ཚུད་ཡོད།


སྔ་དུས་ཀྱི་འཚོ་བ་དང་སློབ་གསོ། 

ཝན་ཨན་ནི་ཨར་པའོ་ཐའི་ཨའེ་ཏེ་མོན་ཏུན་གྱི་ཨེ་སྨི་དང་ཕེ་ཁེ་ཁྲུང་ཝན་གཉིས་ནས་སྐྱེས། ད་དུང་གཅེན་གཅུང་ཕོ་མོ་གཉིས་ཡོད། ཁོ་མོ་ལོ་ལྔ་ལ་སོན་དུས་པ་ལིའི་ཞབས་བྲོའི་སློབ་ཚན་ཁྲིད་དེ་ཁྱིམ་མི་དང་མཉམ་དུ་དབྱིན་ཇིའི་ཀོ་ལུན་པི་ཡའི་གྲུ་ཁར་སྤོས་པ་རེད། ཁོ་མོ་ལོ་བདུན་ལ་སླེབས་སྐབས། ཁོ་མོ་ལོ་རིམ་དང་པོ་ནས་དྲུག་པའི་བར་ཀྲུང་དབྱང་སློབ་ཆུང་དུ་ཞུགས་པ་དང་། པུའུ་ལང་ཉི་དང་བུ་མོའི་མྱུལ་ཞིབ་རུ་ཁག་ལ་ཞུགས།

ཆུང་དུས་སུ་ཝན་ག་དུས་འཁྱགས་ཤུད་དང་། གླུ་ལེན། པི་ཝང་། རྣོ་སྦྲེང་བཅས་ཀྱི་སློབ་ཚན་འཁྲིད་པ་རེད། 1994ལོ་ནས་1996ལོའི་བར་ཁོ་མོ་ཁེ་ཐེ་ཏེར་སློབ་འབྲིང་དུ་སློབ་སྦྱོང་བྱས་པ་དང་། ཕྱིས་སུ་1996ལོ་ནས་2000ལོའི་བར་གཙང་པོ་དང་ཆུ་བོའི་འགྲམ་གྱི་སློབ་འབྲིང་དུ་སློབ་སྦྱོང་བྱས་ཤིང་། ཤེས་ལྡན་མི་སྣའི་འཁྲབ་སྟོན། ཁོ་མོ་ལ་ཆེས་བཟང་བའི་ལས་ཀའི་ལག་ལེན་ལག་ཁྱེར་དང་སློབ་གྲྭའི་དང་བླངས་པའི་ལག་ཁྱེར་མང་པོ་ཡོད། ཁོ་མོ་ལ་གོང་མའི་རོལ་མོའི་རྣོ་སྦྲེང་སློབ་གླིང་གི་ལོ་རིམ་ལྔ་པ་དང་དྲུག་པའི་དཔང་ཡིག་གཉིས་ཡོད། ཝན་ཨན་གྱིས་THEO BCསློབ་གྲྭར་རྩིས་འཁོར་གཞུང་ལས་ཁང་གི་མ་ལག་སློབ་སྦྱོང་བྱས་པ་དང་། 2003ལོར་རྩིས་འཁོར་གྱི་གོ་རིམ་ཁྲོད་ནས་གཟི་བརྗིད་མཚན་སྙན་ཐོབ་ནས་མཐར་ཕྱིན་ཏེ་ཆེས་བརྩོན་འགྲུས་ཆེ་བའི་སློབ་མར་བྱ་དགའ་གནང་བ་རེད།

ཁོ་མོས་སྔ་རྗེས་སུ་ཞི་སི་ཁོ་སི་ཐེ་འཁྲབ་སྟོན་ཁང་དང་། མོ་སི་ཐན་ཟློས་གར་ཁང་། ཝུན་ཁོའུ་ཧྥ་ཟློས་གར་སྒྱུ་རྩལ་སློབ་གླིང་། ཀེ་ལན་ཝེ་ཨར་འཁྲབ་སྟོན་ཁང་བཅས་སུ་འཁྲབ་སྟོན་བྱེད་པར་སློབ་སྦྱོང་བྱས་མྱོང་། ཁོ་མོས་ཞི་བདེ་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ཆེན་མོའི་སྒྲ་བརྙན་སློབ་གླིང་དུ་གློག་བརྙན་དང་གྲངས་འཛིན་སྒྱུ་རྩལ་གྱི་སློབ་ཚན་ཞིག་བརྩོན་ལེན་བྱེད་བཞིན་ཡོད།

ལས་རིགས། 

ཝན་ཨན་གྱིས་གཙོ་རྒྱུན་ཀུང་སིའི་གཞུང་ལས་ཁང་གི་ལས་རོགས་པ་བྱེད་འགོ་བརྩམས། ཁོ་མོས་མིག་སྔར་POCOཡི་གཞུང་ལས་ཐོག་ཁང་དུ་བྱ་བ་སྒྲུབ་བཞིན་ཡོད།

ཝན་ཨན་གྱིས་རང་ཚུགས་ཀྱི་གློག་བརྙན་《ཁྲག་གི་ལས་ཀ་》ཞེས་པའི་ཐོན་སྐྱེད་ལས་རོགས་ཀྱི་འགན་བཞེས། 2006ལོར་ཁོ་མོས་ཝུན་ཁོའུ་ཧྥ་ནས་ཁ་ན་ཏའི་དབྱི་ཏུའོ་ཨེར་གྱི་དུས་ཚིགས་བཞི་པར་ཚོད་ལྟ་བྱས་ཤིང་། དེ་གར་ཁོང་གིས་《ཐམས་ཅད་ལ་དགའ་ཞེན་ཆེ་ཤོས་བྱེད་པ་》ཞེས་པའི་གླུ་དབྱངས་བླངས་པ་རེད། ཝན་ཨན་གྱིས་ཐོག་མར་འཁྲབ་སྟོན་བྱས་པ་ནི་འཆར་ཡན་རིང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་དགོད་བྲོ་བའི་ཟློས་གར་ཐུང་ངུ་ཞིག་ཡིན་ཞིང་། དེའི་ནང་དུ་ཁོ་མོས་ཡ་གླིང་གི་ཁང་བདག་གི་ནུས་པ་འདོན་སྤེལ་བྱས་ཡོད། ཁོ་མོ་ནི་མ་དངུལ་བསྡུ་རུབ་བྱེད་པའི་གློག་བརྙན་ཁྲོད་ཀྱི་ལྷག་མ་ཞིག་རེད། ཁོ་མོའི་འཁྲབ་སྟོན་བྱ་གཞག་དེ་ཁོ་མོའི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་གྱི་ནུས་པ་དང་བསྟུན་ནས་འཕུར་བ་དང་། ཟློས་གར་ཐུང་ངུ་《ཁྱིམ་ཚང་གི་འདྲ་པར་》ཞེས་པའི་ནང་ཕྱུག་པོའི་ཁྱིམ་ཚང་ཞིག་གིས་ཉེ་ཆར་མ་རྩ་སྟོངས་པ་ཁྱད་བསད་བྱེད་ཆེད་འབད་འཐབ་བྱེད་བཞིན་ཡོད འགུལ་སྐྱོད་གློག་བརྙན་《འཁོན་ལན་སློག་པ་》ཞེས་པའི་ནང་དུ་ཝན་ཨན་གྱིས་མགྱོགས་མྱུར་ངང་སྐད་ཆ་བཤད་པའི་ཁྲིམས་རྩོད་པ་ཨན་ཏུང་ཉི་ཨོ་པན་ཏ་ལ་སི་དང་མཉམ་དུ་མངགས [4]

ཝན་ག་གེ་མོ་ནི་མི་ཆོས་རིང་ལུགས་ཀྱི་བྱ་བ་དང་ཁོ་མོའི་སྡེ་ཁུལ་ལ་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་བྱས་

མི་སྒེར་གྱི་འཚོ་བ།  

ཝན་ཨན་དབྱིན་ཇིའི་ཀོ་ལུན་པི་ཡའི་ཝུན་ཁོའུ་ཧྥ་ན་བསྡད་ཡོད། [5]</text>
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      <comment>Changed redirect target from [[ཀྲུང་ཀོརྒྱ་ནག]] to [[ཀྲུང་ཀོ]]</comment>
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      <contributor>
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      <comment>Redirected page to [[འཛམ་གླིང]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[འཛམ་གླིང]]</text>
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