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Wikipedia:Geselshoekie
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{{spring ondertoe}}
[[Lêer:Perde by Glen Reenenkamp, Golden Gate NP (1).jpg|duimnael|links|320px|Dis naweek! Kom ry die mak perde by die asemrowende [[Golden Gate-Hoogland- Nasionale Park]]!]]<!--
[[Lêer:Ceratotherium simum Kruger Park 02.JPG|duimnael|260px|links|'n Witrenoster in 2003.]]
[[Lêer:Vandalenjaeger 01.jpg|duimnael|260px|links|'n Versoek aan al die admins: help ons asseblief om vandalisme uit te roei!]]
[[Lêer:Rooibokram KNP suide.JPG|duimnael|220px|links|Aliwal2012 sê: "Dis beter om in die [[Krugerwildtuin]] as op kantoor te wees!" 'n Rooibokram in 2011 in die suide.]]
[[Lêer:Jessica isn't getting involved in this discussion.jpg|duimnael|links|230px|Kom praat met ons op die Geselshoekie, ons kuier lekker saam!]]
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<div style="background:#f9f9f9; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; clear:right; float:right; font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 1em 1em; padding:1em; width:20em;">
<big>'''Sien ook:'''</big>
* [[Wikipedia:Welkom nuwelinge]] wat veral op nuwelinge gemik is.
* [[Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal]] vir nuttige skakels vir alle gebruikers.
* [[Wikipediabespreking:Geselshoekie]] vir bespreking oor die toekoms van hierdie bladsy.
* [[/Taalforum/]] vir besprekings oor taalprobleme. Die juiste terme, spellings ensomeer.
<center>'''Verdere hulp:'''<br /></center>
Vir volledige hulp, riglyne en beleid (algemeen en spesifiek), raadpleeg gerus die
* [[:en:Wikipedia:Community Portal|Engelse ''Community Portal'']],
* [[:nl:Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal|Nederlandse Gebruikersportaal]] en
* [[:m:|Meta Wikipedia]].
</div>
{{Argiefboks|14
| argief1 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2006|2004+05+06]]
| argief2 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2007|2007+08+09]]
| argief3 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2010+2011|2010+11]]
| argief4 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2012|2012]]
| argief5 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2013|2013+14+15]]
| argief6 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2016|2016]]
| argief7 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2017|2017]]
| argief8 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2018|2018]]
| argief9 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2019|2019]]
| argief10 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2020|2020]]
| argief11 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2021+2022+2023|2021+22+23]]
| argief12 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2024|2024]]
| argief13 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2025|2025]]
| argief14 = [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie/Argief2026|2026]]
}}
'''Welkom''' by die Afrikaanse Wikipedia se algemene geselshoekie. Enigiemand is welkom om deel te neem aan die besprekings hier: '''onderteken asseblief u besprekings''' deur <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> te tik, of die "Handtekening met datum"-ikoon ([[Lêer:button sig.png|Handtekening met datum|link=]]) te kies op die redigeringskieslys.
Ou besprekings word na die '''argief''' geskuif (sien die navigasiekas regs). As u 'n gesprek wil voortsit wat reeds in die argief is, word aanbeveel dat u die betrokke dele uitknip en hier plak.
Hierdie blad is vir algemene besprekings, besprekings omtrent 'n spesifieke artikel kan op daardie artikel se besprekingsblad begin word; sodoende kan dit ook deur toekomstige bydraers en redigeerders gelees word.
Vir die jongste nuus van WikimediaZA, besoek gerus ons [https://www.facebook.com/groups/231160206984566 Facebook bladsy], word lid van die [http://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikipedia-af Afrikaanse poslys] of besoek ons [http://wikimedia.org.za/wiki/Tuisblad_in_Afrikaans Tuisblad in Afrikaans]
<div class="plainlinks"><center>'''>>> [//af.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Wikipedia:Geselshoekie&action=edit§ion=new Voeg 'n nuwe onderwerp by] <<<'''</center></div>
== Jy het jou huiswerk gedoen... ==
...as die Engelse Wikipedia sê dat van hulle artikels met 'n Afrikaanse (of Duitse artikel) uitgebrei kan word. Ek het onlangs twee voorbeelde rakende my sportartikels gesien:
* [[:en:South Korea national rugby union team]] wat met hulp van beide die [[:af:Koreaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Afrikaanse voorbladartikel]] en die [[:de:Südkoreanische Rugby-Union-Nationalmannschaft|Duitse lesenswaardige artikel]] verbeter kan word.
* [[:en:Tanzania national cricket team]] wat met hulp van die [[:de:Tansanische Cricket-Nationalmannschaft|nuwe Duitse lesenswaardige artikel]] (laas maand aangewys) verbeter kan word.
Myns insiens is dit baie interessant dat die Afrikaanse en Duitse Wikipedia in beide krieket en rugby (hoegenaamd dié Engelse sportsoorte) deels beter artikels het as die Engelse Wikipedia. My doel was nog altyd om met artikels oor nasionale spanne en wêreldbekertoernooie die Engelse artikel te klop, nou word in die een of ander amptelik daarna verwys dat dit wel die geval is. Volgens my beskeie mening is dit die geval by die meeste artikels oor nasionale spanne, en hulle het in Afrikaans en Duits altyd dieselfde inhoud. Terloops, die Swahili-Wikipedia (Swahili is 'n ampstaal in Kenia, Rwanda, Tanzanië en Uganda) het nie een artikel oor nasionale krieket- of rugbyspanne nie. Tydens laasjaar se Wikimania in Nairobi wou ek 'n projek van stapel stuur om hulle ook te betrek, maar my versoek het nie geslaag nie (ek was nie daar nie). Hulle het wel artikels soos [[:sw:Steve Tikolo]] waar ek met 'n inligtingskas kon help, maar hulle het nie iets soos [[:sw:Timu ya kriketi ya Kenya]] ([[Keniaanse nasionale krieketspan]]) nie. Gemeenskap, dit is wat van my sportartikels vir die Afrikaanse Wikipedia (en Duitse ook) kan bied en myns insiens is dit een van baie moontlikhede om Afrikaans volstoom te ondersteun: '''met kwaliteit bo kwantiteit'''. Daarmee kan ons veral lesers lok, dink ek. Groete. -- [[Lêer:Flag of South Africa.svg|20px]] [[Gebruiker:SpesBona|SpesBona]] 20:45, 13 Julie 2026 (UTC)
:In die kol. Weens die druk op Afrikaanse onderwys-instellings moet daar aanlyn-aktiwiteit oor 'n alternatiewe en breë front wees. Die wiki-artikels oor gewilde onderwerpe plaas terminologie in die volksmond, en is beleggings in die taaltoekoms. 'n Leserspubliek wat meer lees, meer krities lees en meer in feite belangstel sal wel ook help. [[Gebruiker:JMK|JMK]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:JMK|kontak]]) 21:09, 18 Julie 2026 (UTC)
== Maria ==
Kan iemand asb. vir my die artikel "Maria Boleyn" skep sodat ek kan sien of ek dit op hierdie gemors van 'n app kan doen - die app waarop ek glo geblokkeer is? Hoe is dit moontlik? - Burgert [[Spesiaal:Bydraes/~2026-40485-20|~2026-40485-20]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:~2026-40485-20|talk]]) 04:46, 20 Julie 2026 (UTC)
::{{ping|Rooiratel}}, enige raad hier? Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 06:07, 20 Julie 2026 (UTC)
:::Bedoel jy die Selfoon app? Dit werk net so 'n klein bietjie vir my, soms... maar ek vermy dit soos die pes vir bydraes. [[Gebruiker:Thermofan|Thermofan]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Thermofan|kontak]]) 08:38, 20 Julie 2026 (UTC)
::::Ek het nog nie die app gebruik nie. As mens jou gewone gebruikersnaam en wagwoord gebruik on aan te meld, dan sien ek nie hoekom jy op die app geblokkeer sal wees, maar nie op die webwerf nie. As die app 'n probleem is, gebruik net die webwerf. - [[Gebruiker:Rooiratel|Rooiratel]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Rooiratel|kontak]]) 14:48, 1 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== [[Wikipedia:Bladsyverwydering]] ==
Admins, daar is 'n bietjie werk. Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 05:55, 21 Julie 2026 (UTC)
[[Lêer:Radio Overberg Advertensie 29 Julie 2026.jpg|duimnael|met Jimmy Wales]]
== Wikimania 2026 ==
As ‘n ontvanger van ‘n beurs van [[Wikimedia ZA]], is ek in Parys om [[Wikimania]] 2026 in [[Parys]] by te woon. My eerste Wikimania. Vandag was die voorkonferensie vir gebruikers met spesiale regte wat inderdaad weereens die omvang van aktiwiteite binne Wikimedia onder aandag bring. Mens kan uiteraard ook aanlyn verskeie van die sessies van more bywoon deur te registreer op die Wikimania 2026 blad. Die weeklikse radio inset by [[Overvaal Stereo]] is ook vandag van die byeenkoms gedoen. ‘n Volledige verslag van Wikimedia 2026 sal na afloop van die konferensie gedoen word. [[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Sobaka|kontak]]) 19:48, 21 Julie 2026 (UTC)
: Ek is ook hier. Uiteindelik [[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]] ontmoet. [[Gebruiker:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Dumbassman|kontak]]) 15:26, 22 Julie 2026 (UTC)
::Lekker julle manne, geniet dit terdeë! [[Lêer:Wapen van Limpopo.png|20px]] [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] 18:02, 22 Julie 2026 (UTC)
::: Ja, dis goed om Dumbassman uiteindelik te ontmoet. Ek het ook twee Duitse gebruikers raakgeloop wat al artikels op die Afrikaanse Wikipedia geskep het. Die een wat oorspronklik van Suid-Afrika kom, het aangedui hy mag weer betrokke word. Ek het hom sterk aangemoedig. [[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Sobaka|kontak]]) 20:34, 22 Julie 2026 (UTC)
{{uitkeep}}
Oesjaar, is jy nie weg Frankryk toe vir Wikimania 2026 nie? [[Lêer:Wapen van Limpopo.png|20px]] [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] 06:50, 21 Julie 2026 (UTC)
: Nee ongelukkig nie. As pensioenaris met inkomste van R0.00 per maand kon ek nie die Schengen Visa bekostig nie, my bakkie het dringend instandhouding vereis. So werk dit maar. Groete. [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 06:58, 21 Julie 2026 (UTC)
::Jammer om te hoor, miskien kan jy nog virtueel aanbied? Sopas self ook R11750 vir my Mercedes se diens moes uithaal! Groete tuis, [[Lêer:Wapen van Limpopo.png|20px]] [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] 07:54, 21 Julie 2026 (UTC)
::: [[Gebruiker:Discott]] bied namens my aan. Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 08:02, 21 Julie 2026 (UTC)
:::: "Gebruiker Discott het 'n uitstekende 5 minute aanbieding "''Rooting for Knowledge: Why we need a Wiki-Botanist Action Group Today'' aangebied oor die werk wat op die Afrikaanse Wikipedia gedoen word deur gebruiker Oesjaar en Prof van Wyk. Lyk of die vraag beantwoord gaan word, aangesien dit aanleiding gegee het tot die begin van werk om 'n Wiki Biodiversiteit ontmoeting voor die opkomende [[Internasionale Botaniese Kongres]] in 2029 in [[Kaapstad]] aan te bied. Die Afrikaanse Wikipedia het 'n globale inpak. Puik werk Oesjaar en Prof van Wyk. [[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Sobaka|kontak]]) 21:00, 25 Julie 2026 (UTC)
== RFC oor KI-gegenereerde inhoud in Commons (en ter plaatse) ==
Soos op 23 Junie hier genoem, is Commons nog besig om uit te werk wat hulle presies wil hê wat beelde betref wat deur KI geskep is. Hulle is veral versigtig vir beelde wat werklike mense uitbeeld, selfs as dié historiese figure is, waar etiese oorwegings (soos persoonsregte) effektief geen rol speel nie. Ook hou hulle nie daarvan in enige wetenskaplike aanwending nie. Sulke beelde noem hulle spekulatief, ensomeer, en wil nie valse inligting die wêreld instuur nie. Ook beskou sommige persone daar KI-beelde as opvoedkundig waardeloos, en byna enige menslike poging as baie beter. Ons het natuurlik talle artikels aangaande historiese figure waar die uitbeelding volkome spekulatief is, soos [[Plautus]] en baie ander, alhoewel dan nie KI nie.
By die Commons-bespreking word gemeld:
:"Groot getalle beelde wat nie die werklikheid weerspieël nie, word [op commons] opgelaai. Wanneer 'n minderwaardige KI-beeld in 'n artikel ingevoeg word, ontmoedig dit werklike fotograwe en grafiese kunstenaars om beelde te skep, omdat hulle meer geneig is om 'n beeld te skep vir 'n artikel wat geen illustrasie het nie. Hierdie opdatering vereis dat sommige KI-inhoud as sodanig in-beeld gemerk word. Hierdie opdatering redaksioneer andersins nié projekte buite Commons nie. Commons het geen voorneme om ander projekte te redaksioneer nie, ons wil net verseker dat óns nie bydra tot die waninligting van die publiek nie."
Die kwessie dus: af.wiki moet nog besluit wat ons plaaslike beleid is, want wikimedia gaan nie aan ons voorskryf nie.<br>
:a) Word <u>oplaai</u> van KI-beelde hier op af.wiki toegelaat, benewens waar dit KI-konsepte self illustreer?<br>
:b) Word dit toegelaat waar dit werklike mense illustreer? Hier dink mens bv. aan gevalle waar ons 'n vae foto of illustrasie het, wat deur KI in 'n meer realistiese of gekleurde portret (maar met onafwendbare spekulatiewe elemente) omskep kan word.<br>
:c) Word KI-beelde enigsins in artikels toegelaat?<br>
Op en.wiki word dit oorwegend nie toegelaat nie. Ons moet ook in ag neem, dat selfs indien dit nie in ons artikels toegelaat word nie, dit steeds vir die publiek en private webwerwe nuttig mag wees. [[Gebruiker:JMK|JMK]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:JMK|kontak]]) 10:31, 22 Julie 2026 (UTC)
::Ek verstaan... Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 10:35, 22 Julie 2026 (UTC)
:::Vandag ‘n Wikimania 2026 paneelbespreking oor [[Kunsmatige intelligensie|KI]] binne die Wiki-omgewing bygewoon. Beide die potensiële bedreigings en moontlike voordele daarvan, is deur die paneellede geopper. Selfs oor die idee van ‘n aanvanklike sentrale beleid daaroor of gedesentraliseerde benadering, was daar nie eenstemmigheid nie. Aangesien daar konsensus was dat dit ‘n realiteit is wat hanteer sal moet word, gaan gesprekvoering voort en hopelik gaan meer duidelike riglyne in dié verband ontwikkel word.
:::Ek gaan poog om ‘n oog op die verwikkelinge te hou en wat ons in die interim selfs in die Afrikaanse Wikipedia kan begin bespreek. Meer as een paneellid het daarop gewys dat selfs in van die groot Wikipedia’s daar nog nie voldoende kennis is oor wat werklik die implikasies van KI is nie. [[Jimmy Wales]] het ook indirek daarna verwys in sy openingstoespraak. Wikipedia se rol in die era van [[groot taalmodel]]le kan self nog belangriker word, in sy toespraak ‘n optimistiese toon oor die toekoms van Wikipedia en sê dat die dood van Wikipedia al van die begin af voorspel is, dit nog steeds van krag tot krag sal gaan. [[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Sobaka|kontak]]) 20:21, 22 Julie 2026 (UTC)
== Gebruiker:Elmarie Waltman ==
Gemeenskap, dit is vir my 'n plesier om julle voor te stel aan [[Gebruiker:Elmarie Waltman|Elmarie]]. Sy het ingestem om ons te help met Admin werk, meer hieroor later. Sy gaan ook deel van die Radiospan wees. Welkom hier by ons Elmarie. Onthou, hierdie klomp ou toppies hier betrokke se blaf is erger as hulle byt! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 08:46, 24 Julie 2026 (UTC)
:Hoe lekker lag ek nou! Dankie Deon, hoop om die Wikipedia naam op al die platforms hoog te hou. [[Gebruiker:Elmarie Waltman|Elmarie Waltman]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Elmarie Waltman|kontak]]) 09:02, 24 Julie 2026 (UTC)
::Baie welkom Elmarie, ons hoop jy geniet jou tyd hier terdeë! Sien uit na jou bydrae. Groete, [[Lêer:Wapen van Limpopo.png|20px]] [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] 09:48, 24 Julie 2026 (UTC)
::: Welkom Elmarie, geniet dit! [[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Sobaka|kontak]]) 10:36, 25 Julie 2026 (UTC)
::::Baie welkom hier @[[Gebruiker:Elmarie Waltman|Elmarie Waltman]] - [[Gebruiker:Rooiratel|Rooiratel]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Rooiratel|kontak]]) 16:38, 1 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== Versoek om kommentaar oor die toekoms van Abstrakte Wikipedia ==
<bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Julle word uitgenooi om jul mening te lug in 'n [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|versoek om kommentaar oor die toekoms van Abstrakte Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 12:24, 24 Julie 2026 (UTC)
</bdi>
<!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 -->
: Kan iemand vir my sê wat Abstrakte Wikipedia is? Of word ek nou te oud? Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 12:34, 24 Julie 2026 (UTC)
::Weet ook nie, maar volgens google: Abstrakte Wikipedia is 'n Wikimedia-projek wat Wikifunksies en Wikidata gebruik om 'n taalonafhanklike weergawe van Wikipedia te skep. Dit het ten doel om inhoud in enige natuurlike taal te genereer om artikels oor kleiner taaluitgawes uit te brei.
::'''Die kernkomponente is'''
::* Wikidata wat die gestruktureerde kerndata- en kennisbasis verskaf en
::* Wikifunksies wat kode en funksies verskaf om abstrakte data in mensleesbare sinne te omskep.
::Die taalonafhanklikheid laat gebruikers toe om artikellogika te skep en te onderhou sonder om dit aan 'n enkele gesproke taal te koppel.
::'''Die projekdoelwitte is'''
::* taalgelykheid, aangesien kleiner taalwiki's bygestaan word om hul artikeltellings vinnig te laat groei, en
::* globale reikwydte aangesien mense bemagtig word om kennis in hul moedertaal te lees en mee te deel.
::[[Gebruiker:JMK|JMK]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:JMK|kontak]]) 14:00, 24 Julie 2026 (UTC)
== Inligtingskas Vliegtuigenjins ==
Gemeenskap, kan enige van die slimmer jongmanne asb. vir ons ''Infobox aero engine'' vertaal? Ook, het ons die ekwivalent van ''Infobox sportsperson''? Ek word graag bederf... Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 16:36, 28 Julie 2026 (UTC)
== Help met kassie, asb. ==
Kan iemand my asb. help om {{sj|Inligtingskas Planeet}} reg te maak? Ek het net "symbol" ondertoe geskuif, en nou gee hy snaakse goed by elke planeetkassie. Dankie! [[Gebruiker:BurgertB|~ <span style="font-family: Segoe Print; font-size: 12pt">Burgert</span>]] [[Gebruikerbespreking:BurgertB|<span style="font-family: Segoe Print; font-size: 12pt">(kontak)</span>]] 23:32, 30 Julie 2026 (UTC)
:Sien die tweede reël in [[Makemake]]. [[Gebruiker:BurgertB|~ <span style="font-family: Segoe Print; font-size: 12pt">Burgert</span>]] [[Gebruikerbespreking:BurgertB|<span style="font-family: Segoe Print; font-size: 12pt">(kontak)</span>]] 23:35, 30 Julie 2026 (UTC)
::Dankie vir niks. Ek het sommer net "symbol" uitgehaal, en nou is die sjabloon reg. [[Gebruiker:BurgertB|~ <span style="font-family: Segoe Print; font-size: 12pt">Burgert</span>]] [[Gebruikerbespreking:BurgertB|<span style="font-family: Segoe Print; font-size: 12pt">(kontak)</span>]] 12:55, 31 Julie 2026 (UTC)
== Taaldinge op RSG: 2 Aug. 2026 ==
Gemeenskap, neem kennis dat ek nou Sondag om 10:00 weer op Taaldinge met Ina Strydom gesels. Ek gaan verwys na twee dinge wat redelik onbekend is: die Digitalisering van Vakkundige Woordeboeke, prof. [[Gerhard van Huyssteen]] en prof. Martin Puttkammer van NWU help ons daarmee. Ek sal dit eers werklik bemark as die eerste produk gelewer word; ons gaan dit definitief ook op Wikiwoordeboek laai. Tweedens verwys ek na Projek VOS (Vingers op sleutelbord). Die gedagte is dat daar op een dag volgende jaar bv. 'n Saterdag 'n klomp mense in verskeie lokale in stede en dorpe bymekaar kom en ons via TV/dataskakels hulle lei en aan die gang kry. Waar ons kan moet ons van ons gebruikers in persoon daar hê wat as fasiliteerders sal optree. Ja, dit gaan geld kos, ek het juis met van die Afrikaanse organisasies agter die skerms begin gesels... Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 19:42, 31 Julie 2026 (UTC)
:Klink goed! [[Spesiaal:Bydraes/~2026-42919-45|~2026-42919-45]] 14:49, 2 Augustus 2026 (Wie is hierdie skim?)
::Ook ingeskakel op RSG, dankie Oesjaar! --[[Lêer:Wapen van Limpopo.png|20px]] [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] 05:46, 3 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
::: Volgens my rekords was dit die 100ste uitsending in ons klankargief. Baie Geluk! Dit beteken daar was seker al baie meer as 200 uitsendings aangesien ons nie klankgrepe van al die uitsendings kry nie. [[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Sobaka|kontak]]) 18:05, 5 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== Besoeke vir Julie ==
Gemeenskap, die besoeke vir Julie is 3,2 miljoen! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 05:56, 1 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== Die kontakbladsy ==
Hallo almal. Daar was besprekings 'n tyd gelede oor ons kontakbladsy. Die een hier: [[Wikipedia:Kontak]]
En spesifiek oor die e-posadresse op daardie bladsy. Wie beheer dit? Lees enigiemand die e-pos ens.?
Ek het 'n bietjie ondersoek ingestel en die meeste van die antwoorde wat ons nodig gehad het gekry.
In opsomming word daai e-posadresse beheer deur spesiale sagteware wat Wikimedia gebruik. En Wikipedia gebruikers moet aansoek doen om lede te word van 'n spesiale span wat toegang kry tot die sagteware.
Ek gaan aansoek doen (in 'n dag of twee) vir myself, @[[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] en @[[Gebruiker:Elmarie Waltman|Elmarie Waltman]] om deel te wees van die span. Ek gaan net tydelik deel wees om uit te werk hoe alles werk, en dit te dokumenteer.
As julle meer wil weet, of self by die span wil aansluit, lees dan die bladsye wat ek onlangs geskep/vertaal het:
[[Hulp:Kontakbladsy]] en [[Wikipedia:Vrywillige Reaksiespan]].
Die bladsye is nie volledig nie, en hulp word waardeer. Ek verbeter dit soos ek meer leer/tyd kry. - [[Gebruiker:Rooiratel|Rooiratel]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Rooiratel|kontak]]) 16:48, 1 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
:Dankie Rooiratel, ek sien nou die nuutste boodskappe is heel onder aan die bladsy. Sal dit beslis nou meer gereeld lees en opvolg. [[Spesiaal:Bydraes/~2026-42919-45|~2026-42919-45]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:~2026-42919-45|talk]]) 14:47, 2 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== 130 000 artikel mylpaal! ==
Gemeenskap: daar is ons verby die 130 000 artikel mylpaal! Dankie aan almal wat bydraes gemaak het die afgelope tyd! 'n Ware spanpoging! Nou het ons iets om te bemark! Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 20:57, 1 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
:Fantasties! [[Gebruiker:Elmarie Waltman|Elmarie Waltman]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Elmarie Waltman|kontak]]) 14:11, 5 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== Kopiereg op foto's ==
Ek wil net seker maak dat ek die SA-kopiereg op foto's verstaan, want ons benodig by etlike persone foto's wat algemeen op die internet beskikbaar is. Google stel dit so:
:In Suid-Afrika verval kopiereg op foto's 50 jaar vanaf die jaareinde waarin die foto aan die publiek beskikbaar gestel is, vir die eerste keer gepubliseer is, of geskep is indien dit ongepubliseer is.
:Volgens die SA Regering se Kopieregwet hang die presiese vervaltyd af van spesifieke vrystellingsmylpale:
*Gepubliseer of Openbaargemaak: "vyftig jaar na die jaareinde van die jaar waarin die werk wettiglik aan die publiek beskikbaar gestel of vir die eerste keer gepubliseer word, watter termyn ook al die langer is", soos deur Lexology opgemerk.
*Ongepubliseer: Indien die foto nie binne 50 jaar na die skepping daarvan gepubliseer of aan die publiek vertoon word nie, verval kopiereg "vyftig jaar na die jaareinde van die jaar waarin die werk gemaak is", volgens Lexology.
Ander webblaaie soos [https://www.svw.co.za/copyright-photographs/] blyk dit te bevestig. Mag ons dus Suid-Afrikaanse promosiefoto's van pre-31 Desember 1975 hier oplaai en gebruik? [[Gebruiker:JMK|JMK]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:JMK|kontak]]) 10:56, 3 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
:{{ping|JMK}}, ek het gekyk wie van my vriende daar buite kan help... Nie hierdie keer nie. Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 12:27, 3 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
::@[[Gebruiker:JMK|JMK]] vir moderne fotos is dit is beter en makliker om die kopiereghouer van 'n foto (die een wat die foto geneem het) te vra om dit onder 'n gebruikbare lisensie (vir wiki Commons) vry te stel (soos CC-BY-SA, of CC0) as om vir 50 jaar te wag.
::Vir ouer fotos, moet ons maar wag as ons nie die fotograaf kan kontak en vra om dit met 'n vrye lisensie vrystel nie. So ja, enige foto meer as 50 jaar na die publikasiedatum kan ons hier gebruik. - [[Gebruiker:Rooiratel|Rooiratel]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Rooiratel|kontak]]) 12:36, 4 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== Sintaksfoute soos op 1 Augustus ==
Gemeenskap: [https://checkwiki.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/checkwiki.cgi?project=afwiki&view=project Sintaksfoute] Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 17:55, 4 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== Ons Bakkiesblad... ==
Gemeenskap, sien die positiewe terugvoer hier... [https://www.facebook.com/groups/231160206984566 Bakkiesblad] Lekker [[Gebruiker:Sobaka]]! Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 20:06, 6 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== [[Baccalaureus Artium]] ==
Gemeenskap, moet die woord "artium" nie met 'n hoofletter geskryf word nie soos bv. [[Baccalaureus Pharmaciae]]? Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 11:59, 11 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
:Volgens die WAT wel. – 🍍 [[Gebruiker:Pynappel|Pynappel]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Pynappel|kontak]]) 12:11, 11 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
::{{ping|Pynappel}}, dan neem ek aan ''Magister artium'' moet ook verander word? Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 12:29, 11 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
:::Ja, ook volgens die WAT. Het nie nou tyd om dit self te doen nie - sal waardeer indien iemand anders kan. – 🍍 [[Gebruiker:Pynappel|Pynappel]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Pynappel|kontak]]) 12:32, 11 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
::::Wat is die konteks van die bespreking? My BSc-sertifikaat van die Universiteit van Natal in 1969 was alles in Latyn en verklaar dat die "Gradum Scientiae Baccalaurei" aan my toegeken is. Watter tale is vir die Baccalaureus Pharamaciae sertifikaat gebruik? Latyn? Afrikaans? Engels? Engels en Afrikaans? Kan 'n mens net sommer "BA graad" of "BSc graad" of "MA graad" skryf? [[Gebruiker:Martinvl|Martinvl]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Martinvl|kontak]]) 14:59, 13 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
:::::Volgens die WAT is MA (sonder punte) die afkorting vir mega-[[ampère]] en BA die landkode vir [[Birma]] of die motorkenteken vir [[Maseru]], [[Basoetoland]]. B.A. is die afkorting vir [[Baccalaureus Artium]] en al die voorbeeldsinne gebruik die afkorting (met punte). So-ook is M.A. (met punte) die afkorting vir [[Magister Artium]] en al die voorbeeldsinne gebruik M.A. – 🍍 [[Gebruiker:Pynappel|Pynappel]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Pynappel|kontak]]) 09:05, 14 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
::::::Dit moet dalk ook genoem word dat die hoofinskrywings in die WAT onder B.A. en M.A. is. Daar is geen inskrywings vir Baccalaureus Artium en Magister Artium nie. Laat ek 'n bietjie later in ander woordeboeke kyk. – 🍍 [[Gebruiker:Pynappel|Pynappel]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Pynappel|kontak]]) 09:09, 14 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Die WAT, AWS 9 en AWS 11 gee almal Baccalaureus Artium en Magister Artium slegs met aanvangshoofletters. Die WAT en AWS 9 gee die afkortings B.A. en M.A. met punte en AWS 9 en AWS 11 gee die afkortings BA en MA sonder punte. Let op dat AWS 11 nie die afkortings met punte gee nie. Interessant genoeg gee die WAT slegs Baccalaureus met 'n aanvangshoofletter, maar baccalaureaat met 'n aanvangskleinletter. AWS 9 en 11 gee beide slegs baccalaureus met 'n aanvangskleinletter. – 🍍 [[Gebruiker:Pynappel|Pynappel]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Pynappel|kontak]]) 19:00, 15 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
:{{ping|Pynappel}}, ek het alle plekke waar BA en MA voorkom na die punt weergawes verander. Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 11:21, 18 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
::Baie dankie vir jou moeite, @[[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]]. Volgens [[Wikipedia:Titelriglyne]] geniet die AWS egter voorkeur.
::{{cquote|Hou by Afrikaanse spelling soos voorgeskryf in die Afrikaanse woordelys en spelreëls. HAT, WAT en Pharos se Afrikaans-English/Engels-Afrikaanse woordeboeke word ook as gesaghebbend beskou. Waar die bronne verskil word voorkeur gegee in die volgorde wat die bronne hier gelys is.}}
::Moet ek 'n robot gebruik om die punte by al die afkortings van grade te verwyder? – 🍍 [[Gebruiker:Pynappel|Pynappel]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Pynappel|kontak]]) 21:54, 18 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
:::[[Gebruiker:Pynappel|Pynappel]] , ja asb! Ten minste is almal nou dieselfde. Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 06:26, 19 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== LitNet oor Wikipedia en terugvoer van Wikimania 2026 ==
"Van mens tot masjien: Wikipedia en die voortbestaan van betroubare kennis", meningsartikel gebaseer op my Wikimania 2026 ervaring.
https://www.litnet.co.za/van-mens-tot-masjien-wikipedia-en-die-voortbestaan-van-betroubare-kennis/ [[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Sobaka|kontak]]) 06:51, 13 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
Terugvoer oor Wikimania 2026 is beskikbaar by die projekblad: [[Wikipedia:Afrikaanse Wikipedia by Wikimania 2026]] [[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Sobaka|kontak]]) 08:32, 15 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== Geregistreerde gebruikers ==
Gemeenskap, ek sien ons Geregistreerde gebruikers is nou meer as 210,000! Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 11:10, 13 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
:Dit is tans 210 455 volgens die [[Afrikaanse Wikipedia]]-artikel. [[Lêer:Wapen van Limpopo.png|20px]] [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] 10:38, 18 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== Inhoudsopgawe ==
Ons prente het skielik 'n inhoudsopgawe bo die prent. Enige rede daarvoor? Dis onnodig en neem ruimte op. [[Gebruiker:JMK|JMK]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:JMK|kontak]]) 09:31, 14 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
:Iemand het bg. na 'n meer sinvolle posisie geskuif. Nou baie beter. [[Gebruiker:JMK|JMK]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:JMK|kontak]]) 22:04, 20 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== [[Wikipedia:Titelriglyne (geografiese name)]] ==
Ek het 'n nuwe beleidsbladsy vir titelriglyne vir geografiese name m.b.v. Claude geskep. Dit is gebaseer op die Engelse weergawe [[:en:Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)]], maar aangepas vir die Afrikaanse Wikipedia. Dit lyk vir my sover soos 'n heel redelike vertrekpunt, maar gaan kyk gerus daarna en laat weet indien daar enige groot probleme is. Vir klein goed of voorgestelde veranderings, wysig die bladsy sommer direk. Indien daar 'n meningsverskil oor enigiets ontstaan, kan ons dit op die besprekingsbladsy daar bespreek. Nadat daar 'n konsensus ontstaan het, kan ons {{ss|beleid}} bo-aan voeg. – 🍍 [[Gebruiker:Pynappel|Pynappel]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Pynappel|kontak]]) 22:32, 18 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
: Die "prompt" (por?) wat ek gebruik het, is: ''Vertaal hierdie Wikipedia-konvensie na Afrikaans en pas dit aan vir die Afrikaanse Wikipedia:''. – 🍍 [[Gebruiker:Pynappel|Pynappel]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Pynappel|kontak]]) 22:33, 18 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
== Kunsmatige intelligensie en Wikipedia ==
Ek deel hiermee ‘n e-pos van Gebruiker Eugene Egbe (Franse Wikipedia) wat op die Wikimedia netwerke versend is vir diegene wat geïnteresseer is in [[kunsmatige intelligensie]] en die impak daarvan.
“Geagte Gemeenskapsleiers/lede,
Tydens Wikimania in Parys het ek die kans gehad om met 'n paar gemeenskapslede te gesels wat hul kommer uitgespreek het en die behoefte aan 'n bespreking oor die gebruik van KI-platforms in ons gemeenskap en daaglikse werk. Hierdie besprekings vind al in ander gemeenskappe plaas, daarom dink ons dit sal goed wees om 'n oorsig van ons gemeenskap en die impak wat KI veroorsaak, te hê.
Vir hierdie doel doen ons 'n kort opname om te verstaan hoe gemeenskappe soos joune dink oor en KI gebruik, en ons sal graag jou hulp wil hê om dit voor jou lede te kry tydens byeenkomste of
*'n Paar dinge wat ons hoop jy kan doen:*
1. Deel die opname met jou gemeenskapslede — dit neem ongeveer 5 minute
om te voltooi. Hier is die skakel: *Opnameskakel*<https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeBkEfLmmmpCyKjWv-zMrFEfa55w1x0vWvi7JTP-2LGNhF5EQ/viewform?usp=header>
2. Sluit aan by 'n kort oproep (of stuur 'n verteenwoordiger) om jou gemeenskap se perspektief op KI direk te deel. Ons beoog om dit tot [30–45] minute te hou en beplan dit vir iewers in *middel-September*.
As 'n oproep vir jou werk, antwoord net met 'n paar tye wat jou pas (of wys ons na wie ook al in jou span die regte persoon sou wees), en ons sal iets op die kalender kry.
Baie dankie dat jy dit oorweeg het. Jou persoonlike en gemeenskap se insette sal werklik vorm wat ons in hierdie studie leer.”
Deel gerus enige voorlopige opmerkings of belangstelling oor bogenoemde hier. Die vraelys bo is baie generies en nie spesifiek op Wikipedia gerig nie maar gee ‘n opsie om jou e-pos adres te deel om in verdere gesprekke deel te neem. Dit is seker een van vele inisiatiewe wat oor hierdie onderwerp sal volg. Groete [[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Sobaka|kontak]]) 15:28, 20 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
:Ek het 'n probleem raakgeloop. Vir een opsie wat ek nee geantwoord het, wil hy nie aanvaar nie. Jammer. [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 16:19, 20 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
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'''[[20 Augustus]]''': Sint Stefanusdag/Staatsstigtingsdag in [[Hongarye]]; Herinstelling van [[Onafhanklikheid]] in [[Estland]] ([[1991]]).
[[Lêer:UkmPaminkl.JPG|125px|regs|Monument ter viering van Letland se onafhanklikheid wat ná die Singende Rewolusie herstel is.]]
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* [[636]] – [[Arabië|Arabiese]] magte onder [[Khalid bin Walid]] neem beheer oor van [[Sirië]] en [[Palestina]] in die [[Slag van Yarmuk]], die eerste van die groot [[Moslem]]-verowerings en die begin van 'n vinnige uitbreiding van [[Islam]] buite [[Arabië]].
-->
* [[1882]] – [[Pjotr Tsjaikofski|Tsjaikofski]] se "[[1812-overture]]" word vir die eerste keer opgevoer in die [[Katedraal van Christus die Verlosser]] in [[Moskou]].
* [[1955]] – [[Algerië|Algerynse]] rebelle val [[Frankryk|Franse]] teikens in die distrik Constantine aan. Meer as 500 sterf en 200 word gewond. In [[Marokko]] betoog nasionaliste in die strate teen die Franse afsetting van die sultan van Marokko.<!--, [[Siyyidi Mohammed V ibn Youssef]], ten gunste van [[Muhammad Ben Aarafa]] twee jaar vantevore.
* [[1960]] – Die honde [[Belka en Strelka]] keer met [[Spoetnik|Spoetnik 5]] as eerste lewende wesens terug van 'n ruimtereis.-->
* 1960 – Die [[Mali-Federasie]], wat uit [[Senegal]] en [[Mali]] bestaan het, word ontbind.
* [[1968]] – 200 000 troepe en 5 000 [[tenk]]s van [[Warskouverdrag]]slande val [[Tsjeggo-Slowakye]] binne om die [[Praagse Lente]] te onderdruk.
* 1991 – [[Estland]] verklaar in die '''[[Singende Rewolusie]]''' sy onafhanklikheid van die [[Sowjetunie]].
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* [[917]] – Tsar '''[[Simeon I of Bulgaria]]''' invaded [[Thrace]] and drove the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantines]] out.
* [[1944]] – [[Rajiv Gandhi]], von 1984 bis 1989 indischer Premierminister, wird geboren. -->
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Alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse bome
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{{multiple image2
| align = left
| direction = horizontal
| total_width = 900
| footer =
| image1 = Vachellia xanthophloea 20D 3046.jpg
| alt1 = Koorsboom
| caption1 = [[Koorsboom]]
| image2 = Southafrica428yellowwood.jpg
| alt2 = Outeniekwageelhout
| caption2 = [[Outeniekwageelhout|Outenikwa-geelhout]]
| image3 = Vachellia karroo 1947.jpg
| alt3 = Soetdoring
| caption3 = [[Soetdoring]]
| image4 = Tarchonanthus camphoratus 1DS-II 3-4583.jpg
| alt4 = Kanferbos
| caption4 = [[Kanferbos]]
| image5 = Olinia emarginata 1DS-II 0056.jpg
| alt5 = Berghardepeer
| caption5 = [[Berghardepeer]]
| image6 = Cyathea dregei00.jpg
| alt6 = Grasveldboomvaring
| caption6 = [[Grasveldboomvaring|Grasveld-boomvaring]]
| image7 = Cussonia paniculata, habitus, Phalandingwe, a.jpg
| alt7 = Hoëveldkiepersol
| caption7 = [[Hoëveldkiepersol]]
}}{{-}}
Hier volg ’n sorteerbare lys van [[inheems]]e [[boom|bome]] van Suider-Afrika met hulle FSA-nommers:
{| border="1" align="left" class="wikitable sortable"
!Afrikaanse naam!!Botaniese naam!!Engelse naam!!FSA-nommer
|-
|[[Aartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus reticulatus]]''||Potato bush||311
|-
|[[Abiekwasgeelhout]]||''[[Tamarix usneoides]]''||Wild tamarisk||487
|-
|[[Afrikabloubessie]]||''[[Vaccinium exul]]''||Transvaal cranberry||571
|-
|[[Afrikageelmelkhout]]||''[[Garcinia livingstonei]]''||Lowveld mangosteen||486
|-
|[[Afrikaharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa reticulata]]''||Bushveld resin tree||376
|-
|[[Afrikahondsroos]]||''[[Xylotheca kraussiana]]''||African dog-rose||493
|-
|[[Afrikamoerbei]]||''[[Afromorus mesozygia]]''||African mulberry||44
|-
|[[Afrikasoetlemoen]] ||''[[Maclura africana]]'' || Thorny mulberry ||44.1
|-
|[[Afrikasterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia africana]]''||African star-chestnut||474
|-
|[[Afrikawaaierpalm]]||''[[Borassus aethiopum]]''||Selati palm||25
|-
|[[Akkerjakkalsbessie]]||''[[Diospyros natalensis]]''||Small-leaved jackal-berry||607
|-
|[[Albaniebroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos latifrons]]'' ||Albany cycad ||7
|-
|[[Albanierooibostee]] ||''[[Aspalathus teres]]'' ||Albany rooibos tea ||225.9
|-
|[[Albinobessie]]||''[[Aphloia theiformis]]''||Albino-berry ||505
|-
|[[Anaboom]]||''[[Faidherbia albida]]''||Ana tree||159
|-
|[[Angolabrandnetel]] ||''[[Obetia carruthersiana]]'' ||Angola nettle ||69
|-
|[[Angolakiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia angolensis]]'' ||Angola cabbage-tree ||560.5
|-
|[[Angolavingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex angolensis]]'' ||Angola fingerleaf ||659.1
|-
|[[Angolawolftoon]] ||''[[Angolawolftoon|Portulacaria carrissoana]]'' ||Angola porkbush ||103.10
|-
|[[Anysbergsterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia conifera]]'' ||Anysberg startree ||145.5
|-
|[[Apiesdoring]]||''[[Senegalia galpinii]]''||Monkey thorn||166
|-
|[[Apiespeul]]||''[[Senna petersiana]]''||Monkeypod||213
|-
|[[Appelblaar]]||''[[Philenoptera violacea]]''||Apple leaf||238
|-
|[[Assegaai (boom)]]||''[[Curtisia dentata]]''||Assegai bush||570
|-
|[[Baardbessie]] ||''[[Searsia incisa]]'' ||Rubrub-berry ||385
|-
|[[Baardboomheide]] ||''[[Erica triflora]]'' || Bearded tree erica ||575
|-
|[[Barbertonbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta barbertonensis]]'' ||Barberton brides-bush ||716.2
|-
|[[Barbertonse bergsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea comptonii]]'' ||Saddleback sugarbush ||88
|-
|[[Barbertonse broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos paucidentatus]]'' ||Barberton cycad ||11
|-
|[[Basboom]]||''[[Dais cotinifolia]]''||Pompon tree||521
|-
|[[Basboontjie]]||''[[Elephantorrhiza burkei]]''||Sumach bean<br /> Elephantroot||193
|-
|[[Basterkokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron pillansii]]'' ||Bastard quiver tree ||30
|-
|[[Basterkreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum patersonii]]'' ||Silver-edge pincushion ||85
|-
|[[Basterstinkhout]] ||''[[Ocotea kenyensis]]'' ||Mock stinkwood ||119
|-
|[[Bastersuikerappel]] ||''[[Hexalobus monopetalus]]'' ||Shakama plum ||106
|-
|[[Bastersuurpruim]] of [[Bastersuurpruim|kleinvalssuurpruim]] ||''[[Olax dissitiflora]]'' ||Bastard sourplum ||101
|-
|[[Bastertambotie]] ||''[[Cleistanthus schlechteri]]''||False tamboti||320
|-
|[[Bastervy]] ||''[[Trilepisium madagascariense]]'' ||Bastard fig ||45
|-
|[[Baviaanskloofseder]]||''[[Widdringtonia schwarzii]]'' ||Willowmore cedar||21
|-
|[[Bedfordbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cycadifolius]]'' ||Bedford cycad ||14.14
|-
|[[Beesganna]] ||''[[Salsola arborea]]''||Cattle ganna ||103.2
|-
|[[Bergaalwyn]] ||[[Bergaalwyn|''Aloe marlothii'' subsp. ''marlothii'']] ||Mountain aloe||29.5
|-
|[[Bergbamboes]] ||''[[Bergbambos tessellata]]'' ||Drakensberg bamboo ||21.5
|-
|[[Bergbas]] ||''[[Osyris lanceolata]]'' ||Rock tannin bush ||100
|-
|[[Bergbrandnetel]] ||''[[Obetia tenax]]'' ||Mountain nettle ||70
|-
|[[Bergdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium kuntzeanum]]'' ||Mountain turkey-berry ||708.1
|-
|[[Bergfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea angustifolia]]'' ||Mountain fountain-bush ||226.15
|-
|[[Berggeelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia sericea]]'' ||Mountain wild laburnum ||219.4
|-
|[[Bergghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea coriacea]]'' ||Mountain guarri ||593
|-
|[[Berghardepeer]] ||''[[Olinia emarginata]]''||Mountain hard-pear<br />Transvaal hard-pear||514
|-
|[[Bergkaree]] ||''[[Searsia leptodictya]]'' ||Mountain karree||387
|-
|[[Bergkoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia divaricata]]'' || Mountain kuni-bush ||381.2
|-
|[[Bergmahonie]] ||''[[Entandrophragma caudatum]]''||Mountain mahogany||293
|-
|[[Bergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia phillipsii]]'' ||Mountain ricebush ||145.13
|-
|[[Bergsering]] ||''[[Kirkia wilmsii]]''||Mountain seringa||269
|-
|[[Bergsipres]] ||''[[Widdringtonia nodiflora]]''||Mountain cypress||20
|-
|[[Bergtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. integrifolia]]'' ||Mountain firethorn currant ||392.3
|-
|[[Bergvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena rotundata]]'' ||Mountain silver-oak ||730
|-
|[[Bergverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera frutescens]]''||Mountain Indigo ||226.3
|-
|[[Bergwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella microbracteata]]'' ||Mountain waxberry ||37.2
|-
|[[Bergwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria parvifolia]]'' ||Mountain wild-medlar ||703
|-
|[[Bergwildepiesang]] ||''[[Strelitzia caudata]]''||Transvaal wild banana||33
|-
|[[Bergwitboom]] ||''[[Ehretia alba]]''||White Puzzle-bush||655.5
|-
|[[Besembos]] ||''[[Searsia erosa]]'' ||Broom karee ||383
|-
|[[Besemkraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia fastigiata]]'' ||Broom currant ||383.1
|-
|[[Besemtrosvy]]||''[[Ficus sur]]''||Broom cluster fig||50
|-
|[[Bietou]] ||''[[Osteospermum moniliferum]]'' ||Bush tickberry ||736.1
|-
|[[Bitteraalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe ferox]]'' ||Bitter aloe ||29.2
|-
|[[Bitterblaar]]||''[[Brachylaena elliptica]]''||Bitter leaf||725
|-
|[[Bitterkaree]] ||''[[Searsia marlothii]]'' ||Bitter karee ||389.2
|-
|[[Bittervalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia amara]]''||Bitter false-thorn||149
|-
|[[Blaarbessie]] ||''[[Tapura fischeri]]'' ||Leafberry ||304
|-
|[[Blaasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia luederitzii var. retinens]]'' ||Balloon thorn ||174.1
|-
|[[Bladdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia fleckii]]'' ||Blade thorn ||165
|-
|[[Bleekbassoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia natalitia]]'' ||Pale-bark sweet thorn ||172.1
|-
|[[Blinkblaar]]||''[[Rhamnus prinoides]]''||Dogwood||452
|-
|[[Blinkblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora schimperi]]''||Glossy-leaved corkwood||287
|-
|[[Blinkblaarsuurbessie]] ||''[[Dovyalis lucida]]'' ||Glossy-leaved bitterberry ||508
|-
|[[Blinkblaar-wag-’n-bietjie]]||''[[Ziziphus mucronata]]''||Buffalo-thorn||447
|-
|[[Blinkblaarwitessenhout]]||''[[Bersama lucens]]''||Glossy white ash||439
|-
|[[Blinkbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta kotzei]]''||Glossy Forest Brides-bush||717.3
|-
|[[Blinkfluweelkaree]] ||''[[Searsia quartiniana]]'' ||Glossy velvet karee ||393
|-
|[[Blinkhardebos]] ||''[[Phylica oleifolia]]'' ||Glossy hard-leaf ||453.3
|-
|[[Blinktaaibos]]||''[[Searsia lucida]]''||Glossy wild currant||388.1
|-
|[[Bloedhoutbos]] ||''[[Haematoxylum dinteri]]'' ||Bloodwood-bush ||213.6
|-
|[[Blombos]] ||''[[Metalasia densa]]'' ||Common flowerbush ||735.4
|-
|[[Blosendesuikerbos]] of [[Blosendesuikerbos|pienksuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea stokoei]]'' ||Pink sugarbush ||97.5
|-
|[[Bloubaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora caerulea]]'' ||Blue-barked corkwood ||272.1
|-
|[[Bloubitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos usambarensis]]''||Blue bitterberry||631
|-
|[[Bloublaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora glaucescens]]'' ||Blue-leaved corkwood ||276
|-
|[[Bloublaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia glaucophylla]]'' ||Blue-leaved spike-thorn ||399.6
|-
|[[Bloublaarrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna glauca]]'' ||Blue-leaved plane ||479.3
|-
|[[Bloublaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua decumbens]]'' ||Blue-leaved spiderbush ||133.2
|-
|[[Bloubos]]||''[[Diospyros lycioides]]''||Karoo bluebush||605.2
|-
|[[Bloubotterboom]] ||''[[Tylecodon paniculatus subsp. glaucus]]'' ||Blue botterboom ||743
|-
|[[Bloubroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos nubimontanus]]'' ||Blue cycad ||14.9
|-
|[[Bloughwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea crispa]]''||Mountain guarri||594
|-
|[[Blouhaak]] ||''[[Senegalia erubescens]]''||Blue thorn||164
|-
|[[Blouheuningbos]] ||''[[Freylinia tropica]]'' ||Blue honeybells ||670.3
|-
|[[Bloukoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia glauca]]'' ||Blue kuni-bush ||383.2
|-
|[[Bloulourier]] ||''[[Cryptocarya angustifolia]]'' ||Blue laurel ||112
|-
|[[Baardsuikerbos]] ||''[[Baardsuikerbos|Protea neriifolia]]'' ||Blue sugarbush ||93.1
|-
|[[Blousuurpruim]] ||[[Blousuurpruim|''Ximenia americana'' var. ''america'']] ||Blue sourplum||101.5
|-
|[[Bloutaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia zeyheri]]'' ||Blue crowberry ||396.1
|-
|[[Bloutolbos]] ||''[[Diospyros pallens]]'' ||Blue star-apple ||607.3
|-
|[[Blyderivierbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cupidus]]'' ||Blyde River cycad ||14.13
|-
|[[Blydesuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea laetans]]'' ||Blyde sugarbush ||90.4
|-
|[[Bobbejaankoolbos]] ||''[[Othonna triplinervia]]'' ||Three-veined othonna ||741
|-
|[[Bobbejaankos]] ||''[[Stangeria eriopus]]'' ||Natal grass cycad ||14.21
|-
|[[Boesmansgif]]||''[[Acokanthera oppositifolia]]''||Common poison-bush||639
|-
|[[Boesmansrivierbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos trispinosus]]'' ||Bushman's River cycad ||14.18
|-
|[[Boesmanstee]]||''[[Catha edulis]]''||Bushman's tea||404
|-
|[[Bokbitterappel]] ||''[[Solanum aculeastrum]]''||Goat-apple||669.3
|-
|[[Bokkeveldpoppiesbos]] ||''[[Paranomus bracteolaris]]'' ||Smooth-leaved tree-sceptre ||72.3
|-
|[[Boomaalwyn]]||''[[Aloidendron barberae]]''||Tree aloe||28
|-
|[[Boomranknetel]] ||''[[Urera trinervis]]'' ||tree climbing-nettle ||70.1
|-
|[[Borselaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe rupestris]]'' ||Bottlebrush aloe ||30.3
|-
|[[Bosappelblaar]]||''[[Philenoptera sutherlandii]]''||Forest appleleaf||228
|-
|[[Bosbeesklou]]||''[[Bauhinia tomentosa]]''||Bush neat's foot||208.1
|-
|[[Bosblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya tiliacea]]'' ||Forest wildpear ||472
|-
|[[Bosboerboon]]||''[[Schotia latifolia]]''||Forest boerbean||204
|-
|[[Bosboomvaring]]||''[[Gymnosphaera capensis]]''||Forest tree fern||2
|-
|[[Bosbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta inandensis]]'' ||Forest bride’s bush ||718
|-
|[[Bosdoringklipels]]||''[[Canthium inerme]]''||Common turkey-berry||708
|-
|[[Bosgeelmelkhout]]||''[[Garcinia gerrardii]]''||Forest mangosteen||485
|-
|[[Boshardepeer]]||''[[Olinia radiata]]''||Forest hard-pear||515
|-
|[[Bosjakkalskoffie]]||''[[Tricalysia capensis]]''||Forest jackal-coffee||698
|-
|[[Bosjesmansbrood]] ||''[[Encephalartos afer]]'' ||Grahamstown cycad ||14.11
|-
|[[Boskamhout]]||''[[Baphia racemosa]]''||Natal camwood||224
|-
|[[Boskanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada procera]]'' ||Forest canaryberry ||339
|-
|[[Boskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora woodii]]''||Forest corkwood||291
|-
|[[Boskasieboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum padoides]]'' ||Thicket bushwillow ||534.1
|-
|[[Boskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia thunbergia]]''||Forest gardena<br />White gardenia||692
|-
|[[Boskiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia sphaerocephala]]''||Natal forest cabbage tree||564.2
|-
|[[Bosklouterboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum edwardsii]]'' ||Forest climbing bushwillow ||534.2
|-
|[[Boskokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus deflexa]]'' ||Forest kokotree ||402.9
|-
|[[Boskoorsbessie]]||''[[Croton sylvaticus]]''||Forest fever-berry||330
|-
|[[Boskoorsboom]]||''[[Anthocleista grandiflora]]''||Forest fever tree||632
|-
|[[Boskranses]]||''[[Atalaya natalensis]]''||Natal krantz ash||429
|-
|[[Boslaventelboom]]||''[[Heteropyxis canescens]]''||Forest lavender tree||454
|-
|[[Boslepelhout]]||''[[Cassine peragua]]''||Mountain saffron||414
|-
|[[Bosmelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara discolor]]''||Forest milkberry||588
|-
|[[Bosmelkhout]]||''[[Vitellariopsis marginata]]''||Natal bush milkwood||590
|-
|[[Bosmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia natalitia]]''||Common forest myrtle||553.2
|-
|[[Bosnanabessie]] ||''[[Searsia grandidens]]''||Sharp-toothed currant ||381.3
|-
|[[Bosolienhout]]||''[[Olea woodiana]]''||Forest olive||620
|-
|[[Bospaddaboom]]||''[[Tabernaemontana ventricosa]]''||Forest toad tree||645
|-
|[[Bospeper]] of [[Bospeper|wildepeper]] ||''[[Piper capense]]'' ||Wild pepper ||34.5
|-
|[[Bosperske]]||''[[Rawsonia lucida]]''||Forest peach||491
|-
|[[Bospoubessie]]||''[[Margaritaria discoidea var. fagifolia]]''||Forest peacockberry||310
|-
|[[Bosrooiessenhout]]||''[[Trichilia dregeana]]''||Forest mahogany||300
|-
|[[Bosrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna arborea var. oconnorii]]'' ||Forest plane ||482
|-
|[[Bosrooimelkhout]]||''[[Mimusops obovata]]''||Red milkwood||584
|-
|[[Bosrooivingers]] ||''[[Xylopia gracilipes]]'' ||Forest redfingers ||109
|-
|[[Bosrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia lasiocarpa]]''||Forest raisin||461
|-
|[[Bossaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron croceum]]''||Small-leaved saffron||415
|-
|[[Bosstamvrug]]||''[[Chrysophyllum viridifolium]]''||Fluted milkwood||580
|-
|[[Bostaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia chirindensis]]''||Red currant||380
|-
|[[Bosvaalbos]] ||[[Bosvaalbos|''Brachylaena discolor'' var. ''transvaalensis'']] ||Woodland silver oak||731
|-
|[[Bosvaderlandswilg]] ||''[[Combretum kraussii]]''||Forest bushwillow||540
|-
|[[Bosvalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha glabrata]]''||Forest mock nettle||335.1
|-
|[[Bosvalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia verrucosa]]'' ||False forest spikethorn ||403.2
|-
|[[Bosveldboekenhout]] ||''[[Faurea saligna]]''||Transvaal beech||75
|-
|[[Bosveldhalfmaanranker]] ||''[[Cocculus hirsutus]]'' || Python climber ||104.6
|-
|[[Bosveldharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa paniculosa]]''||Broad-leaved resin tree||375
|-
|[[Bosveldkandelaarnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia cooperi]]''||Bushveld candelabra tree||346
|-
|[[Bosveldkatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia volkensii]]''||Transvaal gardenia||691.1
|-
|[[Bosveldklipels]]||''[[Psydrax livida]]''||Green quar||713
|-
|[[Bosveldpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia mossambicensis]]'' ||Black forest spike-thorn ||399.10
|-
|[[Bosveldpoubessie]]||''[[Margaritaria discoidea var. nitida]]''||Bushveld peacockberry||310.1
|-
|[[Bosveldrooiklapperbos]] ||''[[Erythrophysa transvaalensis]]''||Transvaal red balloon||436.2
|-
|[[Bosveldsaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron transvaalense]]''||Condiment saffron||416
|-
|[[Bosveldvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia harveyi]]''||Common false-thorn||155
|-
|[[Bosveldwitklokke]]||''[[Rothmannia fischeri]]''||Cape gardenia||694
|-
|[[Bosveldwitysterhout]]||''[[Vepris reflexa]]''||Bushveld white ironwood||260
|-
|[[Bosverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera natalensis]]''||Forest Indigo||226.6
|-
|[[Bosvlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum paniculatum]]'' ||Forest flamecreeper ||545.3
|-
|[[Bosvlier]]||''[[Nuxia floribunda]]''||Forest elder||634
|-
|[[Bosvy]]||''[[Ficus craterostoma]]''||Forest fig||52
|-
|[[Boswaterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium gerrardii]]''||Forest waterwood||556
|-
|[[Boswitsuikerbos]] ||''[[Boswitsuikerbos|Protea mundii]]''|| Forest white sugarbush || 93
|-
|[[Bosysterpruim]]||''[[Drypetes gerrardii]]''||Forest ironplum||314
|-
|[[Botrivierheuningklokkies]] ||''[[Freylinia helmei]]'' ||Bot River honeybells ||670.6
|-
|[[Botriviersuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea compacta]]'' ||Bot River sugarbush || 87.1
|-
|[[Bottelboom]]||''[[Pachypodium lealii]]''||Bottle tree||648
|-
|[[Botterboom]]||''[[Tylecodon paniculatus]]''||Butter tree||137.1
|-
|[[Botterklapper]]||''[[Strychnos madagascariensis]]''||Black monkey orange||626
|-
|[[Braamtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia batophylla]]'' ||Bramble currant ||377.3
|-
|[[Brakdoring]] ||[[Vachellia robusta subsp. clavigera]] ||Narrow-pod robust thorn thorn ||183.1
|-
|[[Brandbergdoring]] ||[[Senegalia montis-usti]] ||Brandberg thorn ||177
|-
|[[Bredasdorpsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea obtusifolia]]'' ||Bredasdorp protea ||94
|-
|[[Breëblaarboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea rochetiana]]''||Broad-leaved beech||76
|-
|[[Breëblaarharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa obovata]]'' ||Broad-leaved resin tree ||374
|-
|[[Breëblaarkanferbos]] ||''[[Tarchonanthus trilobus var. galpinii]]'' ||Broad-leaved camphorbush ||734
|-
|[[Breëblaarklipels]] ||''[[Afrocanthium pseudorandii]]'' ||Mottled-bark rock-alder ||709.2
|-
|[[Breëblaarkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina latissima]]''||Broad-leaved coral tree||244
|-
|[[Breëblaarkweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya latifolia]]''||Broad-leaved quince||113
|-
|[[Breëblaarpluisbos]] ||''[[Lopholaena platyphylla]]'' || Broad-leaved fluff bush||738.1
|-
|[[Breëblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea eximia]]'' ||Broad-leaf sugarbush ||88.3
|-
|[[Breëblaarveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne ovalifolia]]''||Broad-leaved fibre-bush ||517.5
|-
|[[Breëblaarwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella pilulifera]]'' ||Broad-leaved waxberry ||37
|-
|[[Breëblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia mossambicensis]]'' ||Broad-leaved shepherd tree ||127
|-
|[[Breekhout]]||''[[Alberta magna]]''||Magnificent flame bush||701
|-
|[[Breëpeulvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia forbesii]]''||Broad-pod false-thorn<br />Broad-pod albizia||154
|-
|[[Breëriviergeelhout]]||''[[Podocarpus elongatus]]''||Breede River yellowwood||15
|-
|[[Brosblaar]]||''[[Galpinia transvaalica]]''||Transvaal privet||523
|-
|[[Brosdoring]] ||''[[Phaeoptilum spinosum]]'' ||Brittle thorn ||103.7
|-
|[[Bruinaalwyn]] of [[Bruinaalwyn|wolkbergaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe dolomitica]]'' of ook soms ''[[Aloe vryheidensis]]'' ||Brown aloe<br />Wolkberg aloe ||29.1
|-
|[[Bruinivoor]]||''[[Berchemia discolor]]''||Brown ivory||449
|-
|[[Bruinstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora giessii]]'' ||Brown-stemmed corkwood || 275.5
|-
|[[Bruinysterhout]] ||''[[Homalium dentatum]]''||Brown ironwood||501
|-
|[[Bubuvy]] ||''[[Ficus bubu]]'' ||Bubu fig ||56
|-
|[[Buig-my-nie]]||''[[Buxus macowanii]]''||Cape box||358
|-
|[[Bukshardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica buxifolia]]'' ||Box hard-leaf ||453.1
|-
|[[Clanwilliamaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe comosa]]'' ||Clanwilliam aloe ||28.7
|-
|[[Clanwilliamseder]]||''[[Widdringtonia cedarbergensis]]''||Clanwilliam cedar||19
|-
|[[Damarakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora crenato-serrata]]'' ||Damara corkwood ||274
|-
|[[Delagoadoring]]||''[[Senegalia welwitschii]]''||Delagoa thorn<br />Hairy umbrella thorn||163
|-
|[[Deurmekaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia rigida]]''||Puzzle bush||657
|-
|[[Dikbas]]||''[[Lannea discolor]]''||Live-long||362
|-
|[[Dikblaarbosmirt]] ||''[[Eugenia umtamvunensis]]'' ||Thick-leaved myrtleberry ||553.6
|-
|[[Dikblaargroenappel]] ||''[[Monodora junodii|Monodora junodii var. macrantha]]'' ||Thick-leave green-apple ||107.2
|-
|[[Disseldoring]] ||''[[Berkheya chamaepeuce]]'' ||Tree thistle thorn ||742
|-
|[[Donkievy]] ||''[[Mestoklema arboriforme]]'' ||Donkey mesemb ||103.6
|-
|[[Donsiebos]] ||''[[Senecio barbertonicus]]'' || Barberton groundsel ||738.5
|-
|[[Dopperkiaat]]||''[[Pterocarpus rotundifolius]]''||Round-leaved teak||237
|-
|[[Doppruim]]||''[[Pappea capensis]]''||Jacket-plum||433
|-
|[[Doringbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos horridus]]'' ||Eastern Cape blue cycad ||14.15
|-
|[[Doringkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora glandulosa]]''||Tall common corkwood||285.1
|-
|[[Doringkatjiepiering]]||''[[Hyperacanthus amoenus]]''||Thorny gardenia||690
|-
|[[Doringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium spinosum]]'' ||Thorny turkeyberry ||707
|-
|[[Doringolm]]||''[[Chaetacme aristata]]''||Thorny elm||43
|-
|[[Doringpeer]]||''[[Scolopia zeyheri]]''||Thorn pear||498
|-
|[[Doringrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca berberidea]]''||Prickly redberry||332.1
|-
|[[Doringtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia longispina]]'' ||Spiny currant ||388
|-
|[[Doringvalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha sonderiana]]'' ||Thorny false nettle ||335.2
|-
|[[Dorinkiedoring]] ||''[[Senegalia brevispica subsp. dregeana]]'' ||Prickly thorn ||160.2
|-
|[[Dorre haakdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia hereroensis]]'' ||Arid hook thorn ||171
|-
|[[Drakensbergboomheide]] ||''[[Erica dracomontana]]'' || Dragon heath ||574.2
|-
|[[Drakensbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ghellinckii]]''||Drakensberg cycad ||5
|-
|[[Drakensbergkaree]] ||''[[Searsia montana]]'' ||Drakensberg karee ||384.1
|-
|[[Drakensbergpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia devenishii]]'' ||Drakensberg spike-thorn ||399.5
|-
|[[Drakensbergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia repens]]'' ||Drakensberg ricebush ||145.15
|-
|[[Driedoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum trichotomum]]'' ||Three-thorn rhigozum ||676.1
|-
|[[Driehaakdoring]]||''[[Senegalia senegal var. rostrata]]''||Bushy three-hooked thorn||185.1
|-
|[[Drietandkanferbos]]||''[[Tarchonanthus trilobus]]''||Trident camphortree||735
|-
|[[Dubbelkroonboom]]||''[[Julbernardia globiflora]]''||African munondo||207.1
|-
|[[Duikerbessie]] ||''[[Sclerocroton integerrimus]]'' ||Duiker-berry tallow-tree||343
|-
|[[Duinbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos arenarius]]'' ||Alexandria cycad ||3.2
|-
|[[Duinebessie]] ||''[[Muraltia scoparia]]'' ||Duneberry ||303.3
|-
|[[Duinebruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta revoluta]]''||Dune bride's bush||720
|-
|[[Duineganna]] ||''[[Duineganna|Salsola nollothensis]]'' ||Dune ganna ||103.9
|-
|[[Duinegeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron coniferum]]'' ||Dune conebush ||82
|-
|[[Duineghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea racemosa]]''||Dune guarri<br />Sea guarri||599.3
|-
|[[Duinegifboom]] ||''[[Acokanthera oblongifolia]]'' ||Dune poison-bush||638
|-
|[[Duinekokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus procumbens]]'' ||Dune koko tree ||401.1
|-
|[[Duinekraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia crenata]]'' ||Dune crowberry ||380.1
|-
|[[Duinekriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium ferocissimum]]'' ||Dune honeythorn ||669.11
|-
|[[Duinemirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia capensis]]''||Dune myrtle||553.1
|-
|[[Duine-olienhout]] ||''[[Olea exasperata]]'' ||Dune olive ||619
|-
|[[Duinependoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia arenicola]]'' ||Dune spike-thorn ||399.4
|-
|[[Duineseepbessie]]||''[[Deinbollia oblongifolia]]''||Dune soap-berry||430
|-
|[[Duinesoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia kosiensis]]'' ||Dune sweet thorn ||172.2
|-
|[[Duinesterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros rotundifolia]]'' ||Dune star-apple ||608
|-
|[[Duinesuurbessie]] ||''[[Dovyalis rotundifolia]]'' ||Dune sourberry ||510
|-
|[[Duinesybas]]||''[[Robsonodendron maritimum]]'' ||Dune mock silky-bark ||413.1
|-
|[[Duinetaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia laevigata]]'' ||Dune currant ||385.2
|-
|[[Duinevalstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus natalensis]]''||Dune false currant||426
|-
|[[Duinewasbessie]] ||''[[Morella cordifolia]]'' ||Dune waxberry ||37.1
|-
|[[Dunblaarfonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea glabra]]'' || Narrow-leaf fountain-bush ||226.9
|-
|[[Dwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis afra]]'' ||Dwababerry ||107.1
|-
|[[Dwergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos humilis]]'' ||Dwarf cycad ||14.16
|-
|[[Dwergpruimbas]] ||''[[Osyris speciosa]]'' ||Cape sumach ||100.1
|-
|[[Dwergvy]] ||''[[Ficus pygmaea]]'' || Dwarf fig ||50.2
|-
|[[Dwergwolftoon]] ||''[[Dwergwolftoon|Portulacaria fruticulosa]]'' ||Dwarf porkbush ||104.2
|-
|[[Ebbehoutghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea pseudebenus]]''||Ebony tree<br />Black ebony||598
|-
|[[Ebutsinidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia ebutsiniorum]]'' ||Ebutsini thorn ||163.5
|-
|[[Eikeblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora wildii]]'' ||Oak-leaved corkwoord ||290.1
|-
|[[Enkelblaarkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia natalensis]]''||Rock cabbage tree||562
|-
|[[Enkeldoring]]||''[[Vachellia robusta]] subps. robusta''||Ankle thorn<br />Splendid thorn<br />Brack thorn<br />Broad-pod robust thorn||183
|-
|[[Enkeldoringnoemnoem]]||''[[Carissa spinarum]]''||Simple-spine carissa<br />Conkerberry<br />Arabian num-num||640.4
|-
|[[Enkelgroendoring]]||''[[Balanites aegyptiaca]]''||Desert date<br />Egyptian balsam||251.1
|-
|[[Ertjiehout]] ||''[[Craibia zimmermannii]]'' ||Peawood ||229
|-
|[[Essenhout]]||''[[Ekebergia capensis]]''||Cape ash||298
|-
|[[Fluweelboswilg]]||''[[Combretum molle]]''||Velvet bushwillow||537
|-
|[[Fluweelkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora mollis]]''||Velvet corkwood||280
|-
|[[Fluweelkaree]] ||''[[Searsia engleri]]'' ||Velvet karee ||382
|-
|[[Fluweelklipels]]||''[[Afrocanthium gilfillanii]]''||Velvet rockalder||706
|-
|[[Fluweelrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca menyharthii]]''||Velvet redberry||332.3
|-
|[[Fluweelsoetbessie]]||''[[Bridelia mollis]]''||Velvet sweetberry||325
|-
|[[Fluweelvrughardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica purpurea]]'' ||Velvet-fruited/hardleaf ||453.5
|-
|[[Fluweelvrugzanha]]||''[[Zanha africana]]''||Velvet-fruit zanha||438.5
|-
|[[Fonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea aphylla]]'' || Leafless fountain-bush ||226.8
|-
|[[Fransaalwyn]]||''[[Aloe pluridens]]''||French aloe||30.1
|-
|[[Fynbauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia natalensis]]''||Dainty bauhinia||208.5
|-
|[[Fynbitterblaar]]||''[[Brachylaena ilicifolia]]''||Small bitter-leaf||728
|-
|[[Fynblaarboerboon]] ||''[[Schotia afra var. angustifolia]]'' ||Small-leaved boerbean||201.1
|-
|[[Fynblaarbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta zeyheri]]'' ||Small-leaved bride’s bush ||722
|-
|[[Fynblaarbruinysterhout]] ||''[[Homalium rufescens]]'' ||Small-leaved brown-ironwood||502
|-
|[[Fynblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kraeuseliana]]'' ||Feather-leaved corkwoord ||277.5
|-
|[[Fynblaarrooihout]]||''[[Ochna serrulata]]''||Small-leaved plane||479.1
|-
|[[Fynblaarwildemoerbei]]||''[[Trimeria trinervis]] ||Small-leaved wild mulberry||504
|-
|[[Fynbossterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros glabra]]'' ||Blueberry bush ||603.1
|-
|[[Fyndoring]] ||''[[Vachellia tenuispina]]'' ||Turf thorn ||187.3
|-
|[[Gamtooskiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia gamtoosensis]]'' ||Gamtoos cabbage tree||565.2
|-
|[[Gannabos]] of [[Gannabos|seepganna]] ||''[[Salsola aphylla]]'' ||Lye ganna ||103.3
|-
|[[Gariepbauhinia]]||''[[Adenolobus garipensis]]''||Blue neat's foot||208
|-
|[[Gariepharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa namaquensis]]''||Gariep resin tree ||373.2
|-
|[[Gariepkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora gariepensis]]'' ||Gariep corkwoord ||275.3
|-
|[[Gariepkaree]] ||''[[Searsia populifolia]]'' ||Gariep karee ||391.1
|-
|[[Garieppendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia gariepensis]]'' ||Gariep spike-thorn ||401.5
|-
|[[Garieppronkstert]] ||''[[Gelrebia bracteata]]'' ||Gariep plumeflower ||214.1
|-
|[[Gariepsmalblaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia linearis subsp. lanceolata]]'' ||Gariep narrow-leaved spike-thorn ||401.10
|-
|[[Geelbauhinia]] ||''[[Bauhinia tomentosa]]'' ||Yellow bauhinia ||208.1
|-
|[[Geelbitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos mitis]]'' ||Yellow bitterberry ||627
|-
|[[Geelblomvoëlbessie]]||''[[Psychotria capensis]]''||Bird-berry||723
|-
|[[Geeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum obovatum]]'' ||Yellow pomegranate ||675
|-
|[[Geelhout]]||''[[Podocarpus latifolius]]''||Real yellowwood||18
|-
|[[Geelkeurboom]]||''[[Calpurnia aurea]]''||Natal laburnum||219
|-
|[[Geelpapierkelk]]||''[[Monotes glaber]]''||Palefruit monotes||486.5
|-
|[[Geelpistoolbos]] ||''[[Justicia aconitiflora]]'' ||Lemon pistol-bush ||681.2
|-
|[[Geelskulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria citrina]]'' ||Yellow shell-flower bush ||672.1
|-
|[[Geelsuikerbos]] of [[Geelsuikerbos|geelsuikerkan]] ||[[Geelsuikerbos|''Protea aurea'' subsp. ''aurea'']] ||Common shuttlecock sugarbush ||90.3
|-
|[[Geelwortelboom]]||''[[Steganotaenia araliacea]]''||Carrot tree||569
|-
|[[Geneesblaarboom]] ||''[[Solanum giganteum]]''||Healing-leaf tree||669.4
|-
|[[Gewone bruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta gardeniifolia var. gardeniifolia]]'' ||Common bride’s bush ||716
|-
|[[Gewone drolpeer]] ||''[[Dombeya rotundifolia]]''||Common wild pear||471
|-
|[[Gewone ghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea undulata]]''||Common guarri||601
|-
|[[Gewone haakdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia afra]]''||Common hook-thorn||162
|-
|[[Gewone hardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica paniculata]]''||Common hard-leaf||453.2
|-
|[[Gewone kanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada africana]]'' ||Common canaryberry ||338
|-
|[[Gewone kanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora pyracanthoides]]'' ||Firethorn corkwood ||285
|-
|[[Gewone kraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia pentheri]]''||Common crow-berry||391
|-
|[[Gewone luisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum cuneiforme]]'' ||Wart-stemmed pincushion ||84.2
|-
|[[Gewone protea]] of [[Gewone protea|gewone suikerbos]] ||[[Gewone protea|''Protea afra'' subsp. ''afra'']]||Common sugarbush||87
|-
|[[Gewone taaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides]]''||Common wildcurrant<br />||392
|-
|[[Gewone wildekweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya transvaalensis]]'' ||Mountain wild-quince ||114
|-
|[[Gewone wildepietersieliebos]]||''[[Heteromorpha arborescens]]''||Parsley-tree<br />Parsnip-tree||568
|-
|[[Gewone wildevy]]||''[[Ficus burkei]]''||Common wild fig||48
|-
|[[Gifbergboomvygie]] ||''[[Stoeberia giftbergensis]]'' ||Gifberg tree-vygie ||756
|-
|[[Gifbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta schumanniana]]'' ||Poison bride’s bush ||721
|-
|[[Gifolyf]]||''[[Peddiea africana]]''||Poison-olive||517
|-
|[[Gifsterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros dichrophylla]] ''||Poison star-apple ||603
|-
|[[Gladblaarbaakhout]]||''[[Greyia sutherlandii]]''||Natal bottlebrush||446
|-
|[[Gladdeblaarwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria madagascariensis]]'' ||Smooth-leaved wild-medlar ||702.1
|-
|[[Gladdeblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya cymosa]]''||Natal wild pear||469
|-
|[[Gladdekola]]||''[[Cola natalensis]]''||Coshwood||478
|-
|[[Gladderankwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua juncea supsp. juncea]]'' ||Smooth climbing spiderbush ||133.6
|-
|[[Gladdeslapmispel]]||''[[Vangueria lasiantha]]''||Natal medlar||705
|-
|[[Gladdesuurpruim]] ||''[[Ximenia afra var natalensis]]'' ||Smooth-twigged sourplum ||103.1
|-
|[[Gladdeveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne subcordata]]''||Smooth fibre-bush||519
|-
|[[Glansrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia vernicosa]]''||Glossy raisinbush||463.11
|-
|[[Gordoniavalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia saxatilis]]'' ||Gordonia false spikethorn ||403.4
|-
|[[Goueklokkiesboontjieboom]] ||''[[Markhamia obtusifolia]]'' ||Golden bell-bean ||677.1
|-
|[[Gouetee]]||''[[Aspalathus pendula]]'' || Golden tea ||225.11
|-
|[[Gouevingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex patula]]'' ||Gold fingerleaf ||662
|-
|[[Granietvy]] ||[[Granietvy|''Ficus natalensis'' subsp. ''granitticola'']] ||Granite fig ||56.5
|-
|[[Graskopaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe alooides]]'' ||Graskop aloe ||28.3
|-
|[[Grasveldboomvaring]] ||''[[Cyathea dregei]]'' ||Common tree fern ||1
|-
|[[Grasveldrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna confusa]]'' ||Grassland plane ||479.4
|-
|[[Griekwakokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus ilicina]]'' ||Griqua kokotree ||398.5
|-
|[[Griekwasuurkaree]] ||''[[Searsia tridactyla]]'' ||Griqua sour karee ||394.2
|-
|[[Groefbasboomheide]] ||''[[Erica canaliculata]]'' ||Grooved-bark tree erica ||573.1
|-
|[[Groefstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora karibensis]] ''||Angular-stemmed corkwoord ||277.2
|-
|[[Groenappel]] ||''[[Monodora junodii var. junodii]]'' ||Green apple ||107
|-
|[[Groenblaarwurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba natalensis]]'' ||Green-leaved worm bush ||129.1
|-
|[[Groenblomtolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron loranthifolium]]'' ||Green-flower conebush ||81.5
|-
|[[Groendoring]]||''[[Balanites maughamii]]''||Green thorn||251
|-
|[[Groenharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa concolor]]'' ||Green resin tree ||369.1
|-
|[[Groenhofiesuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea coronata]]'' ||Green sugarbush ||91.1
|-
|[[Groenklapper]] ||''[[Strychnos spinosa]]''||Green monkey orange||629
|-
|[[Groenkreupelhout]] ||[[Groenkreupelhout|''Leucospermum conocarpodendron'' subsp. ''viridum'']] ||Green pincushion ||84.1
|-
|[[Groenstamkanniedood]]|| ''[[Commiphora neglecta]]''||Green-stem corkwood||283
|-
|[[Grootblaardrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena aletriformis]]''||Large-leaved dragon tree||30.9
|-
|[[Grootblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora anacardiifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved corkwood ||271
|-
|[[Grootblaarlaventelboom]] ||''[[Heteropyxis dehniae]]''||Large-leaved lavender tree||455.1
|-
|[[Grootblaarmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia erythrophylla]]''||Large-leaved myrtle||553.3
|-
|[[Grootblaarpieringbessie]] ||''[[Cordia africana]]''||Large-leaved saucer-berry||651
|-
|[[Grootblaarrotsvy]] ||''[[Ficus abutilifolia]]''||Large-leaved rock fig||63
|-
|[[Grootblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia grandifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved ricebush ||145.4
|-
|[[Grootblaarsekelbos]] ||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. nyassana]]''||Large-leaved sicklebush<br />African sicklebush||190.1
|-
|[[Grootblaarsterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia quinqueloba]]''||Large-leaved-chestnut||476
|-
|[[Grootblaaruiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea gummiflua]]''||Large-leaved onionwood||530
|-
|[[Grootblaarvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia versicolor]]''||Large-leaved false-thorn||158
|-
|[[Grootblomkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium amoenum]]'' ||Large-flower honeythorn ||669.6
|-
|[[Grootblompendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia putterlickioides]]'' ||Large-flowered spike-thorn ||402.1
|-
|[[Grootgeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron eucalyptifolium]]'' ||Gum-leaved conebush ||81
|-
|[[Groothaakbessie]] || ''[[Artabotrys brachypetalus]]'' ||Large hook-berry ||105.1
|-
|[[Grootmirting]] ||''[[Myrsine pillansii]]'' ||Large cape myrtle ||577.2
|-
|[[Grootnoemnoem]]||''[[Carissa macrocarpa]]''||Big num-num||640.3
|-
|[[Grootsuikerbos]] of [[Grootsuikerbos|witsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea gaguedi]]'' ||African sugarbush ||89
|-
|[[Grootvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena uniflora]]'' ||Tall silver-oak ||732
|-
|[[Grootvalsmopanie]] ||''[[Guibourtia coleosperma]]'' ||Large copalwood ||199
|-
|[[Grootvrugbospendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia grandifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved forest spike-thorn ||399.7
|-
|[[Grootvrugpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia oxycarpa]]'' ||Large-fruited spike-thorn ||401.9
|-
|[[Grootvrugtrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria lucida]]'' ||Large-fruited clusterpear ||108.2
|-
|[[Grootvrugtrosvy]] ||[[Grootvrugtrosvy|''Ficus sycomorus'' subsp. ''gnaphalocarpa'']] ||Large-fruited sycamore fig ||66.1
|-
|[[Growweblaarkatsnorbosse]] ||''[[Rotheca myricoides]]''||Blueflower tinderwood||667.1
|-
|[[Growweblaarpieringbessie]] ||''[[Cordia ovalis]]''||Satinbark saucerbush<br />Snot berry||654
|-
|[[Growweblaarstinkhout]] ||''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' ||False white stinkwood ||40
|-
|[[Growweblaartaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia refracta]]'' ||Thorny crow-berry ||389.1
|-
|[[Growwelaventelkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton menyharthii]]'' ||Rough-leaved croton ||329.2
|-
|[[Growwerankwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua juncea supsp. crustata]]'' ||Crusty climbing spiderbush ||133.5
|-
|[[Grysappel]] ||''[[Parinari curatellifolia]]'' ||Mobola plum ||146
|-
|[[Gryskokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus albata]]'' ||Grey kokotree ||401.3
|-
|[[Haak-en-steek]]||''[[Vachellia tortilis subsp. heteracantha]]''||Umbrella thorn||188
|-
|[[Halfmens]]||''[[Pachypodium namaquanum]]''||Elephant's trunk||649
|-
|[[Hangvrugkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora zanzibarica]]'' ||Pendant-fruit corkwood ||291.1
|-
|[[Hardekool]]||''[[Combretum imberbe]]''||Leadwood||539
|-
|[[Hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia ventosa]]''||Hardpear||513
|-
|[[Harige doringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium ciliatum]]'' ||Hairy turkeyberry ||709
|-
|[[Harige ghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea natalensis]]''||Natal guarri<br />Natal ebony|| 597
|-
|[[Harige haak-en-steek]]||''[[Vachellia tortilis subsp. spirocarpa]]''||Hairy umbrella thorn||188.1
|-
|[[Harige kanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora africana]]''||Hairy corkwood||270
|-
|[[Harige kusbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta bowkeri]]'' ||Hairy coastal bride’s bush ||719.1
|-
|[[Harige mirtebessie]] ||''[[Eugenia woodii]]''||Mountain myrtle||553.4
|-
|[[Harige pendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia pubescens]]'' ||Hairy spike-thorn ||402.4
|-
|[[Harige perdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum humile]]'' ||Hairy knobwood||255
|-
|[[Harige rotsvy]]||''[[Ficus glumosa]]''||Mountain fig||64
|-
|[[Harige Sekhukhunedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia robbertsei]]'' ||Hairy Sekhukhune thorn ||172.4
|-
|[[Harige septerboom]] ||''[[Paranomus tomentosus]]'' ||Hairy-leaved tree sceptre ||72.5
|-
|[[Harige witgat]] ||''[[Boscia tomentosa]]'' || Hairy shepherd's tree ||127.1
|-
|[[Harpuiskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia resiniflua]]''||Resin gardenia||690.2
|-
|[[Hartblaarvy]] ||[[Hartblaarvy|''Ficus polita'' subsp. ''polita'']] ||Heart-leaved fig ||59
|-
|[[Heideblaargeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron ericifolium]]'' ||Erica-leaved conebush || 80
|-
|[[Heilige Venda-bamboes]] ||''[[Oxytenanthera abyssinica]]'' ||Holy Venda bamboo ||21.6
|-
|[[Helikopterboom]]||''[[Gyrocarpus americanus]]''||Propeller tree||120
|-
|[[Hemelbesemdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia robynsiana]]'' ||Whipstick thorn ||184
|-
|[[Henkel-se-geelhout]] ||''[[Podocarpus henkelii]]''||Henkel's yellowwood||17
|-
|[[Hereroharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa hereroensis]]'' ||Herero resin tree ||371.3
|-
|[[Hererosesambos]]||''[[Sesamothamnus guerichii]]'' ||Herero sesame-bush||679
|-
|[[Heuningboomheide]] ||''[[Erica caterviflora]]'' ||Tree heath ||574
|-
|[[Heuningklokkiesbos]] ||''[[Freylinia lanceolata]]'' ||Honey bells ||670.1
|-
|[[Heuningnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia tetragona]]''||Honey euphorbia||354
|-
|[[Hikklimop]] ||''[[Combretum bracteosum]]'' ||Hiccupnut ||532.2
|-
|[[Hoedespeldlukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus pyriformis]]''||Natal wildloquat||696.2
|-
|[[Hoëveldkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia paniculata]]''||Small mountain cabbage||563.1
|-
|[[Hophout]]||''[[Trema orientalis]]''||Pigeonwood||42
|-
|[[Horingdoring]]||''[[Vachellia grandicornuta]]''||Horned thorn||168.1
|-
|[[Horingpeultjieboom]]||''[[Diplorhynchus condylocarpon]]''||Horn-pod tree||643
|-
|[[Huilboerboon]]||''[[Schotia brachypetala]]''||Weeping boerbean||202
|-
|[[Huilboom]]||''[[Peltophorum africanum]]''||Weeping wattle<br />Black wattle<br />African-wattle||215
|-
|[[Impalalelie]]||''[[Adenium multiflorum]]''||Impala lily||647.3
|-
|[[Indiese wortelboom]] ||''[[Ceriops tagal]]'' ||Indian mangrove ||525
|-
|[[iSimangaliso-wildeappelkoos]] ||''[[Dovyalis revoluta]]'' ||iSimangaliso wild apricot ||760
|-
|[[Jakkalsbessie]]||''[[Diospyros mespiliformis]]''||Jackalberry||606
|-
|[[Jankoensedoring]] ||''[[Cliffortia ilicifolia]]'' ||Holly-leaved ricebush ||145.10
|-
|[[Jasmynkatjiepiering]] ||''[[Heinsia crinita subsp. parviflora]]'' ||Jasmine-gardenia ||700.2
|-
|[[Jeukpeul]] ||''[[Cnestis polyphylla]]'' ||Itchpod ||147.1
|-
|[[Jozinibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos senticosus]]'' || Jozini cycad ||8
|-
|[[Kaapboekenhout]]||''[[Rapanea melanophloeos]]''||Cape beech||578
|-
|[[Kaapse boomheide]]||''[[Erica tristis]]''||False Cape tree heath||575.1
|-
|[[Kaapse fonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea axillaris]]'' ||Cape fountainbush||226.16
|-
|[[Kaapse hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia capensis]]''||Hard pear||513.1
|-
|[[Kaapse kanferfoelie]]||''[[Tecoma capensis]]''||Cape honeysuckle||673.1
|-
|[[Kaapse kiaat]]||''[[Strychnos decussata]]''||Cape teak||624
|-
|[[Kaapse kokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus lucida]]'' ||Cape kokotree ||401.2
|-
|[[Kaapse kranses]]||''[[Atalaya capensis]]''||Cape krantz ash||428
|-
|[[Kaapse kuskiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia thyrsiflora]]''||Cape coast cabbage tree||565
|-
|[[Kaapse kwar]] ||''[[Psydrax capensis]]'' ||Cape quar ||747
|-
|[[Kaapse kweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya woodii]]''||Cape quince||116
|-
|[[Kaapse sterkastaiing]] ||''[[Sterculia alexandri]]'' || Cape star-chestnut ||473
|-
|[[Kaapse stokroos]]||''[[Sparrmannia africana]]''||Cape Hollyhock||457
|-
|[[Kaapse swarthout]] ||''[[Maytenus peduncularis]]'' ||Cape blackwood ||401
|-
|[[Kaapse uiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea flanaganii]]'' || Cape onionwood ||528
|-
|[[Kaapse vaderlandsboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum afrum]]'' ||Cape bushwillow ||533
|-
|[[Kaapse wildepiesang]]||''[[Strelitzia alba]]''||Cape wild banana||32
|-
|[[Kaapse witpeer]] ||''[[Apodytes geldenhuysii]]'' ||Cape White Pear ||422.2
|-
|[[Kaiingsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea glabra]]'' ||Clanwilliam sugarbush ||89.1
|-
|[[Kaapsehoopbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos laevifolius]]'' ||Kaapsehoop cycad ||6
|-
|[[Kalahari-appelblaar]] ||''[[Philenoptera nelsii]]'' ||Kalahari appleleaf||239
|-
|[[Kalaharibauhinia]] ||''[[Bauhinia macrantha]]'' ||Kalahari bauhinia||208.3
|-
|[[Kalaharidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia luederitzii var. luederitzii]]'' ||Kalahari thorn ||174
|-
|[[Kalaharigeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum brevispinosum]]'' ||Kalahari yellowthorn ||674
|-
|[[Kalahariharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa schinzii]]'' || Kalahari resin tree ||376.5
|-
|[[Kalaharikoedoebessie]] ||''[[Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia var. dekindtii]] ||Kalahari kuduberry ||308.1
|-
|[[Kalaharipeulbessie]] ||''[[Dialium englerianum]]'' ||Kalahari podberry ||210
|-
|[[Kalaharirooivingers]] ||''[[Xylopia odoratissima]]'' ||Kalahari redfingers ||110
|-
|[[Kalaharitaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia tenuinervis]]'' ||Rolled-leaf currant ||393.2
|-
|[[Kalahariwildemispel]]||''[[Vangueria cyanescens]]''||Kalahari wild-medlar||702.3
|-
|[[Kamassie]]||''[[Gonioma kamassi]]''||Kamassi||641
|-
|[[Kamdebooboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea recondita]]''||Kamdeboo beechwood||745
|-
|[[Kameeldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia erioloba]]''||Camel thorn||168
|-
|[[Kameelspoor]] ||''[[Piliostigma thonningii]]''||Camel's foot||209
|-
|[[Kamiesbergaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe khamiesensis]]'' ||Khamiesberg aloe ||29.3
|-
|[[Kandelaaraalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe candelabrum]]'' ||Candelabrum aloe ||28.5
|-
|[[Kanferbos]]||''[[Tarchonanthus camphoratus]]''||Wild camphor bush||733
|-
|[[Kanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea floribunda]]'' ||Honeysuckle tree ||296
|-
|[[Kaokorooibessie]] ||[[Erythrococca kaokoensis]] ||Kaoko redberry ||759
|-
|[[Kaokoboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum wattii]]'' ||Kaoko bushwillow ||544
|-
|[[Kaokobrandbos]] ||''[[Hymenodictyon kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko firebush ||765
|-
|[[Kaokogeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum virgatum]]'' ||Kaoko yellowthorn ||676.2
|-
|[[Kaokogroendoring]]||''[[Balanites angolensis]]''||Angolan torchwood<br />Simple-thorned torchwood||252.1
|-
|[[Kaokokanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko corkwoord ||277.1
|-
|[[Kaokosesambos]] ||''[[Sesamothamnus benguellensis]]'' ||Kaoko sesame-bush ||679.1
|-
|[[Kaokoswarthaak]] ||''[[Senegalia mellifera subsp. mellifera]]'' ||Kaoko black thorn ||176.1
|-
|[[Kaokovlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum oxystachyum]]'' ||Kaoko flamecreeper ||540.4
|-
|[[Kaokowitgat]] ||''[[Boscia microphylla]]'' ||Kaoko shepherd's tree ||126
|-
|[[Kaokowolftoon]] ||''[[Portulacaria kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko porkbush ||104.3
|-
|[[Kaokowurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba schroeppelii]]'' ||Kaoko wormbush ||129.2
|-
|[[Karee]] ||''[[Searsia lancea]]'' ||Karree ||386
|-
|[[Kareekanniedood]] || ''[[Commiphora gracilifrondosa]]'' ||Karee-leaved commiphora ||284
|-
|[[Karooboerboon]] ||''[[Schotia afra]]'' ||Karoo boerbean ||201
|-
|[[Karoobroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos lehmannii]]'' ||Karoo cycad ||8.1
|-
|[[Karooheuningklokkiesbos]] ||''[[Freylinia vlokii]]'' ||Karoo honeybells ||670.7
|-
|[[Karookoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia burchellii]]'' ||Karoo kunibush ||379
|-
|[[Karookruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia robusta]]''||Karoo cross-berry||463.6
|-
|[[Karoonoemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa haematocarpa]]'' ||Karoo numnum ||640.2
|-
|[[Karoopendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia karooica]]'' ||Karoo spike-thorn ||401.7
|-
|[[Karooplakkiebos]] ||''[[Crassula arborescens]]'' ||Karoo tree crassula ||137.2
|-
|[[Karoosalie]] ||''[[Buddleja glomerata]]''||Karoo Sagewood ||636.1
|-
|[[Karoowitgat]] ||''[[Boscia oleoides]]'' ||Karoo shepherd tree ||128
|-
|[[Kartelplakkiesbos]] ||''[[Crassula arboresscens subsp. undulatifolia]]'' ||Wavy tree crassula ||137.4
|-
|[[Kasuur]]||''[[Pittosporum viridiflorum]]''||Cheesewood||139
|-
|[[Katstertaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe castanea]]'' ||Cat's-tail aloe ||28.6
|-
|[[Kei-appel]]||''[[Dovyalis afra]]''||Kei apple||507
|-
|[[Keibaakhout]]||''[[Greyia flanaganii]]''||Kei bottlebrush||444
|-
|[[Keibauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia bowkeri]]''||Kei bauhinia||208.4
|-
|[[Keibroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos princeps]]''||Kei cycad||12
|-
|[[Keiharpuisbos]] ||''[[Ozoroa mucronata]]'' ||Kei resin tree ||373
|-
|[[Keirooipeer]] ||''[[Scolopia flanaganii]]'' ||Kei redpear ||495
|-
|[[Keivingerblaar]]||''[[Vitex obovata]]''||Kei fingerleaf||661
|-
|[[Kerkeibos]]||''[[Crassula ovata]]''||Kerky-bush<br />Jade plant||137.3
|-
|[[Kerriebos]]||''[[Hypericum revolutum]]''||Curry bush<br />St. John's wort||484
|-
|[[Kershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus]]''||Candlewood||409
|-
|[[Keurboom]]||''[[Virgilia oroboides]]''||Cape blossom tree<br />Pink blossom tree||221
|-
|[[Kiaat]]||''[[Pterocarpus angolensis]]''||Wild teak||236
|-
|[[Kiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia spicata]]''||Common cabbage tree||564
|-
|[[Kierieklapper]]||''[[Combretum hereroense]]''||Russet bushwillow||538
|-
|[[Kinaboom]]||''[[Rauvolfia afra]]''||Quinine tree||647
|-
|[[Kinderbessie]] ||''[[Halleria elliptica]]'' ||Rock tree-fuschia ||670.2
|-
|[[Klapperbos]]||''[[Nymania capensis]]''||Chinese lantern||295
|-
|[[Kleefdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia borleae]]'' ||Sticky thorn ||160.1
|-
|[[Kleefpeul]]||''[[Senna singueana]]''||Stickypod||213.1
|-
|[[Kleinappelblaar]] ||''[[Philenoptera bussei]]'' ||Small apple-leaf ||238.1
|-
|[[Kleinblousuurpruim]] ||[[Kleinblousuurpruim|''Ximenia americana'' var. ''microphylla'']] ||Small blue sourplum || 102
|-
|[[Kleinblaardrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena mannii]]'' ||Small-leaved dragon tree ||30.8
|-
|[[Kleinblaarkiaat]] ||''[[Pterocarpus lucens subsp. antunesii]]'' ||Small-leaved bloodwood ||236.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium cinereum]]'' ||Small-leaved honeythorn ||669.9
|-
|[[Kleinblaarmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia verdoorniae]]''||Small-leaved myrtle||554.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarperspeuldoring]] ||''[[Senegalia goetzi subsp. microphylla]]'' ||Small-leaved purple-pod thorn ||167.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarpluisbossie]] ||''[[Lopholaena coriifolia]]'' || Small-leaved fluff bush||738
|-
|[[Kleinblaarrotsvy]]||''[[Ficus tettensis]]''||Small-leaved rock fig||62
|-
|[[Kleinblaarsaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron zeyheri]]''||Zeyher's saffronwood||412
|-
|[[Kleinblaarsekelbos]]||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. africana ]]''||Small-leaved sicklebush||190
|-
|[[Kleinblaartrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria gracilipes]]'' ||Small-leaved clusterpear ||108.3
|-
|[[Kleinblaarvy]] ||[[Ficus lingua'' subsp. ''depauperata'']] ||Small-leaved fig ||55.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarwilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''mucronata'']] ||Small-leaved willow ||35
|-
|[[Kleinblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua parvifolia]]'' ||Small-leaved spiderbush ||135.1
|-
|[[Kleinboerboon]]||''[[Schotia capitata]]''||Dwarf boerbean||203
|-
|[[Kleinbosrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna gamostigmata]]'' ||Small forest plane ||479.5
|-
|[[Kleingroendoring]]||''[[Balanites pedicellaris]]''||Lesser torchwood||252
|-
|[[Kleinkanferfoelieboom]]||''[[Turraea obtusifolia]]''||Small honeysuckle tree||296.1
|-
|[[Kleinkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina humeana]]''||Dwarf coral tree||243.1
|-
|[[Kleinlaventelkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton pseudopulchellus]]'' ||Small lavender croton ||329.3
|-
|[[Kleinperdepram]]||''[[Zanthoxylum capense]]''||Small knobwood||253
|-
|[[Kleinpeulseeboontjie]]||''[[Entada wahlbergii]]''||Small-pod seabean ||193.4
|-
|[[Kleinvalsmopanie]]||''[[Guibourtia conjugata]]''||Small copalwood||200
|-
|[[Kleinvrugtrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria afra]]'' ||Small-fruited clusterpear ||108.1
|-
|[[Kliertjiesboom]] ||''[[Pavetta edentula]]'' ||Gland-leaved bride’s bush ||717
|-
|[[Kliertjiesdeurmekaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia obtusifolia]]''||Hairy Puzzle-bush ||656.2
|-
|[[Klipels]]||''[[Afrocanthium mundianum]]''||Rock alder||710
|-
|[[Klipessenhout]] ||''[[Ekebergia pterophylla]]'' ||Rock ash ||299
|-
|[[Klipharpuisbos]] ||''[[Euryops brevipapposus]]'' ||Rock resin-bush ||739
|-
|[[Kliphout]]||''[[Heeria argentea]]''||Rockwood||368
|-
|[[Klipkershout]]||''[[Maytenus oleoides]]''||Rock candlewood||400
|-
|[[Klipkoolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis bilocularis]]''||Rock coalwood||307.1
|-
|[[Klipvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia brevifolia]]'' ||Rock false-thorn ||152
|-
|[[Klokkiesboontjieboom]] ||''[[Markhamia zanzibarica]]'' ||Bell-bean ||677
|-
|[[Klokkiespendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia tenuispina]]''||Bell spike-thorn||402.8
|-
|[[Knolharpuis]] ||''[[Othonna arbuscula]]'' || Traap baboon cabbage ||740
|-
|[[Knoppiesboontjie]]||''[[Maerua angolensis]]''||Bead-bean tree||132
|-
|[[Knoppiesdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia nigrescens]]'' ||Knob thorn ||178
|-
|[[Knoppiesklimop]] ||''[[Combretum mossambicense]]'' ||Knobbly climbing bushwillow ||545.1
|-
|[[Knoppiesvy]]||[[Knoppiesvy|''Ficus sansibarica'' subsp. ''sansibarica'']]||Knobbly fig||47
|-
|[[Kobas]] ||''[[Cyphostemma currorii]]'' ||Cobas||456
|-
|[[Koeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia undulata]]'' ||Kuni-bush||389
|-
|[[Koeboebessie]] ||''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' ||Kooboo-berry||410
|-
|[[Koedoebessie]] ||''[[Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia]]''||Kudu berry||308
|-
|[[Koffiebeesklou]]<br>[[Koffie bauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia petersiana]]'' ||Coffee bauhinia<br />Natal neat's foot||208.3
|-
|[[Kogelbergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia heterophylla]]'' ||Kogelberg ricebush ||145.9
|-
|[[Kogelbergvaalstompie]] ||''[[Mimetes arboreus]]'' ||Kogelberg pagoda ||72.1
|-
|[[Kokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron dichotomum]]'' ||Quiver tree ||29
|-
|[[Kokoboom]]||''[[Maytenus undata]]''||Koko tree||403
|-
|[[Kolletjiesblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus nigropunctata]]'' ||Busse's fig<br />Dot-leaved fig ||58
|-
|[[Komkommerbos]]||''[[Thilachium africanum]]''||Cucumber bush||136.2
|-
|[[Koolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis hirta]]''||Coalwood||307
|-
|[[Koorsbessie]]||''[[Croton megalobotrys]]''||Large fever-berry||329
|-
|[[Koorsboom]] ||''[[Vachellia xanthophloea]]''||Fever tree||189
|-
|[[Koorspeulboom]] ||''[[Holarrhena pubescens]]'' ||Fever-pod ||642
|-
|[[Koperstamkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora harveyi]]''||Red-stem corkwood||277
|-
|[[Koraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina lysistemon]]''||Common coral tree||245
|-
|[[Koraaltaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia magalismontana]]'' ||Coral crowberry ||384.2
|-
|[[Korentebos]] ||''[[Searsia tomentosa]]'' ||Bicoloured currant ||394
|-
|[[Korenteharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa sphaerocarpa]]'' ||Currant resin tree ||377
|-
|[[Korthaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis sepiaria var. subglabra]]'' ||Short-haired caperbush ||130.2
|-
|[[Kortpeul]] ||''[[Rourea orientalis]]'' ||Shortpod ||147.2
|-
|[[Kortstamnaboom]] ||''[[Euphorbia otjingandu]]'' ||Short-stemmed candelabra-tree ||748
|-
|[[Kosibaairoosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon kosiense]]'' ||Kosi Bay rose-apple ||762
|-
|[[Kosipalm]]||''[[Raphia australis]]''||Kosi palm||26
|-
|[[Kouebasrooihout]]||''[[Ochna arborea]]''||Cape redwood||479
|-
|[[Kraalkriedoring]]||''[[Lycium afrum]]''||Kraal honey-thorn||669.2
|-
|[[Kraalnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia tirucalli]]''||Rubber euphorbia||355
|-
|[[Kraalpendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia polyacantha subsp. polyacantha]]''||Kraal spike-thorn||402.2
|-
|[[Kransaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe arborescens]]'' ||Krantz aloe ||28.1
|-
|[[Kransbessie]]||''[[Gerrardina foliosa]]''||Krantz berry||500
|-
|[[Kranskwar]] ||''[[Psydrax locuples]]'' ||Krantz quar ||712
|-
|[[Kranssuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea rupicola]]'' ||Krantz sugarbush ||88.2
|-
|[[Kremetart]]||''[[Adansonia digitata]]''||Baobab||467
|-
|[[Kreupelrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna inermis]]'' ||Stunted plane ||480.1
|-
|[[Kringboom]]||''[[Maerua schinzii]]''||Ringwood tree||136
|-
|[[Krinkhout]]||''[[Securidaca longepedunculata]]''||Violet tree||303
|-
|[[Kromblaarsuikerbos]] ||[[''Protea afra'' subsp. ''falcata'']] ||Curved-leave sugarbush ||87.2
|-
|[[Kruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia occidentalis]]''||Cross-berry||463
|-
|[[Kruiskameeldoring]]||''[[Vachellia erioloba]]''||Hybrid camel thorn||169.1
|-
|[[Kunenekanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kuneneana]]'' ||Kunene corkwood ||277.7
|-
|[[Kunenewaterbessie]] ||''[[Syzygium kuneneense]]'' ||Kunene waterberry ||767
|-
|[[Kunenewolftoon]] ||''[[Kunenewolftoon|Portulacaria kuneneana]]'' ||Kunene porkbush ||104.4
|-
|[[Kurkbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia davyi]]'' ||Corky-barked thorn ||163.1
|-
|[[Kurkbasklapper]] of Geelklapper||''[[Strychnos cocculoides]]''||Corky monkey orange||623
|-
|[[Kurkbasrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna maguirei]]'' ||Corky-barked plane ||766
|-
|[[Kurkbos]] ||''[[Mundulea sericea]]''||Cork bush||226
|-
|[[Kurkdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium suberosum]]'' ||Cork turkey-berry ||709.1
|-
|[[Kurkvoëlbessie]] ||''[[Psychotria suber]]'' ||Corky birdberry ||769
|-
|[[Kusboontjiebos]] ||''[[Sophora inhambanensis]]'' ||Coastal bean-bush ||218
|-
|[[Kusbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta natalensis]]'' ||Coastal bride’s bush ||719
|-
|[[Kusfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea arborea]]'' ||Coastal fountainbush ||226.10
|-
|[[Kusjakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros inhacaensis]]'' ||Coastal jackal-berry ||604
|-
|[[Kusjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona coriacea]]'' ||Coastal jackal coffee ||700
|-
|[[Kuskanferbos]] ||''[[Tarchonanthus littoralis]]''||Coastal camphor bush||733.2
|-
|[[Kuskatoenboom]] ||''[[Hibiscus tiliaceus]]''||Lagoon hibiscus<br />Wild cotton tree||464
|-
|[[Kuskeiappel]] ||''[[Dovyalis longispina]]'' ||Coastal Kei apple ||510.1
|-
|[[Kuskoraalboom]] ||''[[Erythrina afra]]''||Coast coral tree ||242
|-
|[[Kuslooibas]] of [[Kuslooibas|pruimbas]] ||''[[Osyris compressa]]'' ||Tannin bush ||99
|-
|[[Kusrankdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia kraussiana]]'' ||Coastal climbing thorn|| 173.1
|-
|[[Kusrooimelkhout]]||''[[Mimusops afra]]''||Coastal red milkwood||583
|-
|[[Kusrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia longifolia]]'' ||Coastal ricebush ||145.11
|-
|[[Kussigsagkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis fascicularis var. zeyheri]]'' ||Coastal zigzag caperbush ||129.8
|-
|[[Kustaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia nebulosa]]'' ||Coastal currant ||390.1
|-
|[[Kusvaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena discolor]]''||Coast silver oak||724
|-
|[[Kuswildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria randii subsp. chartacea]]'' ||Coastal wild-medlar ||702.2
|-
|[[Kuswildepiesang]]||''[[Strelitzia nicolai]]''||Natal wild banana||34
|-
|[[Kuswitessenhout]] ||''[[Bersama swinnyi]]'' ||Coastal white-ash ||441
|-
|[[Kuswurgvy]]||[[Kuswurgvy|''Ficus natalensis'' subsp. ''natalensis'']]||Natal fig<br />Wild fig||57
|-
|[[Kwar]]||''[[Psydrax obovata]]''||Coastal quar||711
|-
|[[Laeveldbittertee]]||''[[Vernonia colorata]]''||Lowveld bitter-tea||723.4
|-
|[[Laeveldkanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea nilotica]]'' ||Lowveld honeysuckle Tree ||297
|-
|[[Laeveldkralesnoer]] ||''[[Alchornea laxiflora]]'' ||Lowveld beadstring ||334
|-
|[[Laeveldmelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara mochisia]]''||Lowveld milkberry||587
|-
|[[Laeveldnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia evansii]]''||Lowveld euphorbia||348
|-
|[[Laeveldsterkastaiïng]]||''[[Sterculia murex]]''||Lowveld chestnut||475
|-
|[[Laeveldvaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena huillensis]]''||Lowveld silver oak||727
|-
|[[Laeveldvy]]||''[[Ficus stuhlmannii]]''||Lowveld fig||65
|-
|[[Laingsburgtolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron osbornei]]'' ||Laingsburg conebush ||81.7
|-
|[[Lalapalm]]||''[[Hyphaene coriacea]]''||Lala palm||23
|-
|[[Langbeentjie]] ||''[[Leucadendron procerum]]'' ||Ivory conebush ||81.2
|-
|[[Langblaarwolftoon]] ||''[[Langblaarwolftoon|Portulacaria longipedunculata]]'' ||Long-leaved porkbush ||104.5
|-
|[[Langhaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis sepiaria var. citrifolia]]'' ||Long-haired caperbush ||130
|-
|[[Langpeuldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sieberiana var. sieberiana]]'' ||Longpod thorn ||186.9
|-
|[[Laventelboom]] ||''[[Heteropyxis natalensis]]''||Lavender tree||455
|-
|[[Laventelkoorsbessie]]||''[[Croton gratissimus]]''||Lavender croton<br />Lavender fever-berry||328
|-
|[[Limpopokoorsbessie]] ||[[Croton madandensis]] ||Limpopo feverberry ||328.4
|-
|[[Loerietolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron loeriense]]'' ||Loerie conebush ||80.7
|-
|[[Lydenburgbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos inopinus]]'' || Lydenburg cycad ||5.1
|-
|[[Lebombo-aalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe spicata]]'' ||Lebombo aloe ||30.4
|-
|[[Lebombobroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos lebomboensis]]'' || Lebombo cycad ||14.8
|-
|[[Lebombo-ysterhout]]||''[[Androstachys johnsonii]]''||Lebombo ironwood||327
|-
|[[Lebombokranses]]||''[[Atalaya alata]]''||Lebombo krantz ash||427
|-
|[[Lebombonaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia confinalis]]''||Lebombo euphoria<br />Lebombo milktree||345
|-
|[[Lebombowattel]]||''[[Newtonia hildebrandtii]]''||Lebombo-wattle||191
|-
|[[Lebombowitbos]] ||''[[Maerua brevipetiolata]]'' ||Lebombo spiderbush ||132.5
|-
|[[Lekkerbreek]]||''[[Ochna pulchra]]''||Peeling plane<br />Peelingbark ochna||483
|-
|[[Lekkerruikpeul]]||''[[Vachellia nilotica subsp. kraussiana]]''||Scented thorn||179
|-
|[[Lekkervreet]] ||''[[Opilia campestris]]'' || Parasitebush ||100.5
|-
|[[Lemoenhout]]||''[[Xymalos monospora]]''||Lemonwood||111
|-
|[[Lemoentjiedoring]]||''[[Cassinopsis ilicifolia]]''||Lemon thorn||420
|-
|[[Leolodoring]] ||''[[Vachellia ormocarpoides]]'' ||Leolo thorn ||179.3
|-
|[[Lepelhout]]||''[[Cassine schinoides]]''||Spoon-wood||418
|-
|[[Lilliebroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos dyerianus]]'' || Lillie cycad ||14.2
|-
|[[Lippeblomsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea subvestita]]''||Waterlily sugarbush || 98
|-
|[[Louriersuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea laurifolia]]''||Laurel sugarbush||90.2
|-
|[[Louriervy]] ||''[[Ficus ilicina]]'' || Laurel rock fig ||53
|-
|[[Maanhaarstompie]]||''[[Mimetes fimbriifolius]]''||Fringed bottlebrush||72.2
|-
|[[Magaliesrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna pretoriensis]]''||Magalies redwood ||480.2
|-
|[[Malbaarvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena glabra]]'' ||Malabar silver-oak ||726
|-
|[[Malvarosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia villosa]]''||Mallow raisin||463.3
|-
|[[Manketti]]||''[[Schinziophyton rautanenii]]''||Manketti tree<br />Feather-weight tree||337
|-
|[[Mannetjiebos]] ||''[[Stoeberia utilis]]'' ||White fig ||103.5
|-
|[[Maputalandbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta vanwykiana]]''||Sand Brides-bush||721.3
|-
|[[Maputalanddwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis maputensis]]'' ||Maputaland dwababerry ||758
|-
|[[Maputalandkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton steenkampianus]]'' ||Maputaland feverberry ||329.1
|-
|[[Maputalandoordeelboom]]||''[[Erythrophleum lasianthum]]''||Maputaland ordealtree<br />Swazi ordeal tree||196
|-
|[[Maputalandraasblaar]]||''[[Combretum mkuzense]]''||Mkuze bushwillow||545.2
|-
|[[Maputalandrankboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum eugeneanum]]'' ||Maputaland climbing bushwillow ||764
|-
|[[Maroela]]||''[[Sclerocarya birrea]]''||Marula||360
|-
|[[Matoppie]]||''[[Boscia albitrunca]]''||Shepherd's tree||122
|-
|[[Mbasheroosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon australissimum]]''||Mbashe rose-apple ||761
|-
|[[Meerstamvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia petersiana]]''||Multi-stemmed false-thorn<br />Nala tree||153
|-
|[[Melkpeer]]||''[[Inhambanella henriquesii]]''||Milk pear||591
|-
|[[Middelburgbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos middelburgensis]]'' ||Middelburg cycad ||14.3
|-
|[[Miershoopwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria randii subsp. randii]]'' ||Antheap-wild-medlar ||702.5
|-
|[[Mingerhout]]||''[[Breonadia salicina]]''||Matumi||684
|-
|[[Mirtaartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus myrtaceus]]''||Myrtle potatobush||311.5
|-
|[[Mitserie]]||''[[Bridelia micrantha]]''||Mitzeeri||324
|-
|[[Modjadjibroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos transvenosus]]''||Modjadji giant-cycad||13
|-
|[[Moepel]]||''[[Mimusops zeyheri]]''||Transvaal red milkwood||585
|-
|[[Moerasvy]]||''[[Ficus trichopoda]]''||Swamp fig||54
|-
|[[Mopanie]]||''[[Colophospermum mopane]]''||Mopane||198
|-
|[[Mopanie-aalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe littoralis]]'' ||Mopane aloe ||29.4
|-
|[[Mopanieaartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus pinnatus]]'' ||Mopane potato bush||312.1
|-
|[[Mopaniegeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum zambesiacum]]'' ||Zambezi gold ||676
|-
|[[Mopaniewitgat]] ||''[[Boscia matabelensis]]'' ||Mopane shepherd's tree ||125.5
|-
|[[Moringaboom]]||''[[Moringa oleifrea]]''||Drumstick tree||
|-
|[[Mosambiekkoffie]]||''[[Coffea racemosa]]''||Mozambique Wild Coffee||715.1
|-
|[[Msasa]]||''[[Brachystegia spiciformis]]''||Spring msasa<br />Musasa||198.1
|-
|[[Msinga-broodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos msinganus]]''||Msinga cycad ||14.7
|-
|[[Naaldblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia erectisepala]]'' ||Needle-leaved ricebush ||145.8
|-
|[[Naaldblaarheuningbostee]] ||''[[Cyclopia maculata]]'' ||Needle-leaf honeybush tea ||224.3
|-
|[[Naaldblaartolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron nobile]]'' ||Karoo conebush ||81.1
|-
|[[Naaldblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua rosmarinoides]]'' ||Needle-leaved spiderbush ||135
|-
|[[Naaldhardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica villosa]]'' ||Needle hardleaf ||453.4
|-
|[[Naboom]]||''[[Euphorbia ingens]]''||Common tree euphorbia||351
|-
|[[Namahaarpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa namaensis]]'' ||Nama resin tree ||373.1
|-
|[[Namakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora namaensis]]'' ||Nama corkwoord ||282.1
|-
|[[Namakwaboomvygie]] ||''[[Stoeberia utilis var. lerouxiae]]'' ||Namaqua tree-vygie ||757
|-
|[[Namakwaharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa dispar]]'' ||Namaqua resin tree ||370
|-
|[[Namakwajakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros acocksii]]'' ||Namaqua jackalberry ||602
|-
|[[Namakwakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora capensis]]'' ||Namaqua corkwood ||273
|-
|[[Namakwarooiklapperbos]]||''[[Erythrophysa alata]]''||Namaqua red balloon||436.1
|-
|[[Namakwavy]]||''[[Ficus cordata]]''||Sandpaper fig||51
|-
|[[Namapronkstert]]||''[[Gelrebia merxmuellerana]]''||Nama plumeflower||214.5
|-
|[[Namibharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa crassinervia]]''||Namibian resin tree||369
|-
|[[Namibiese kriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium eenii]]'' ||Namibian honeythorn ||669.10
|-
|[[Namibiese taaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. dinteri]]'' ||Namibia firethorn crowberry ||392.1
|-
|[[Namibkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora dinteri]]'' ||Namib corkwoord ||274.2
|-
|[[Namibkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis hereroensis]]'' ||Namib caperbush ||129.9
|-
|[[Namibkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina decora]]''||Namib coral tree||243
|-
|[[Namibpronkstert]]||''[[Hererolandia pearsonii]]''||Namib plumeflower||214.2
|-
|[[Nanabessie]]||''[[Searsia dentata]]''||Nana-berry||381
|-
|[[Nardouwluisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum praemorsum]]'' ||Nardouw fountain pincushion ||85.1
|-
|[[Natalaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe spectabilis]]'' ||Natal aloe ||30.6
|-
|[[Natalkweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya natalensis]]'' ||Sandstone quince ||117.1
|-
|[[Natalokkerneut]] ||''[[Cavacoa aurea]]'' ||Natal hickory ||332
|-
|[[Natalwilger]] of [[Natalwilger|fluitjieswilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''woodii'']] ||Natal willow ||36.2
|-
|[[Natalkaree]] ||''[[Searsia natalensis]]'' ||Northern dune currant ||390
|-
|[[Naukluftkaree]] ||''[[Searsia volkii]]'' ||Naukluft rhus ||396.2
|-
|[[Netblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua nervosa]]'' ||Lace-leaved spiderbish ||136.1
|-
|[[Ngotshe-broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos aemulans]]'' || Ngotshe cycad ||14.5
|-
|[[Ngoyedwergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ngoyanus]]'' ||Ngoye dwarf cycad ||14.17
|-
|[[Nieshout]]||''[[Ptaeroxylon obliquum]]''||Sneezewood||292
|-
|[[Njalaboom]]||''[[Xanthocercis zambesiaca]]''||Nyala tree||241
|-
|[[Noemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa bispinosa]]'' ||Num-num ||640.5
|-
|[[Nooienskokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron ramosissimum]]'' ||Maiden's quiver tree ||30.2
|-
|[[Noordelike boesmansdruif]]||''[[Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia]]''||Northern bushman's grape||456.6
|-
|[[Noordelike pompombruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta cataractarum]]'' ||Northern pompon bride’s bush ||719.2
|-
|[[Noordelike skulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria cymosa]]''||Escarpment Shell-flower||672
|-
|[[Noordelike valspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia neglecta]]'' ||Northern false spikethorn ||754
|-
|[[Notsung]]||''[[Halleria lucida]]''||Tree fuchsia||670
|-
|[[Okavangoboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum albopunctatum]]'' ||Okavango bushwillow ||531.2
|-
|[[Oleasterboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum elaeagnoides]]'' ||Oleaster bushwillow ||534.3
|-
|[[Olienhout]]||''[[Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata]]''||Wild olive<br>African olive||617
|-
|[[Olifantsrivierbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos lanatus]]''||Olifants River cycad||5.2
|-
|[[Olifantsrivierboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum petrophilum]]'' ||Olifants River bushwillow ||542.1
|-
|[[Omsambeet]]||''[[Millettia grandis]]''||Umzimbeet||227
|-
|[[Onderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus crinitus]]''||Black hazel||142
|-
|[[Oordeelboom]]||''[[Erythrophleum africanum]]''||Ordeal tree||194
|-
|[[Oorlogskloofsterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia dichotoma]]'' ||Oorlogskloof startree ||145.7
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia micrantha]]''||Eastern Cape hard-pear||514.1
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse reusebroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos altensteinii]]''||Eastern Cape cycad||3
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse smalblaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia linearis subsp. linearis]]'' ||Eastern Cape narrow-leaved spike-thorn ||399.1
|-
|[[Oostelike koeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia pallens]]'' ||Eastern kunibush ||395
|-
|[[Opregte suikerbos]]||''[[Protea repens]]''||Real sugarbush||94.2
|-
|[[Opregte waaierpalm]]||''[[Hyphaene petersiana]]''||Real fan palm||24
|-
|[[Oranjedruiweranker]] ||''[[Hyalosepalum afrum]]'' ||Orange grape creeper ||104.8
|-
|[[Otavibasboontjie]]||''[[Elephantorrhiza schinziana]]''||Otavi elephantroot||192.5
|-
|[[Otjihipakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora otjihipana]]'' ||Otjihipa corkwoord ||284.5
|-
|[[Ouhout]]||''[[Leucosidea sericea]]''||Oldwood||145
|-
|[[Outeniekwa-erica]]||''[[Erica inconstans]]'' ||Outeniqua tree erica ||574.1
|-
|[[Outeniekwakreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum glabrum]]'' ||Outeniqua pincushion ||84.3
|-
|[[Outeniekwafonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea diturnerae]]'' ||Outeniqua fountainbush ||750
|-
|[[Outeniekwageelhout]]||''[[Afrocarpus falcatus]]''||Outeniqua yellowwood||16
|-
|[[Outeniekwagonna]] ||''[[Passerina falcifolia]]'' ||Outeniqua gonna ||520
|-
|[[Ovambomahonie]] ||''[[Entandrophragma spicatum]]'' ||Ovambo mahogany ||294
|-
|[[Owamboperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum ovatifoliolatum]]'' ||Kaoko knobwood ||255.2
|-
|[[Paddaboom]]||''[[Tabernaemontana elegans]]''||Toad tree||644
|-
|[[Palmiet]] ||''[[Prionium serratum]]'' ||Palmiet ||768
|-
|[[Pambatieboom]]||''[[Anastrabe integerrima]]''||Pambati tree||671
|-
|[[Papegaaiboomheide]] ||''[[Erica psittacina ]]'' ||Parrot tree erica ||574.4
|-
|[[Papierbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sieberiana var. woodii]]''||Paper-bark thorn||187
|-
|[[Papierbaskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora marlothii]]''||Paperbark corkwood||278
|-
|[[Papierbasmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia zuluensis]]''||Paper-bark myrtle||554
|-
|[[Papierbasvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia tanganyicensis]]''||Paperbark false-thorn||157
|-
|[[Parlotabroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos relictus]]'' ||Parlota cycad ||12.5
|-
|[[Pendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia buxifolia]]''||Common spike-thorn||399
|-
|[[Pendoringkaree]] ||''[[Searsia gueinzii]]'' ||Thorny karee ||384
|-
|[[Pendoringtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pterota]]'' ||Winged currant ||391.2
|-
|[[Peperblaarboom]]||''[[Warburgia salutaris]]''||Pepper-bark tree||488
|-
|[[Peperblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora mossambicensis]]''||Pepper-leaf corkwood||281
|-
|[[Perdekopspeldekussing]] ||''[[Leucospermum reflexum]]'' ||Rocket pincushion ||85.2
|-
|[[Perdepis]]||''[[Clausena anisata]]''||Horsewood<br />False horsewood||265
|-
|[[Perdepram]]||''[[Zanthoxylum davyi]]''||Knobwood||254
|-
|[[Persbesem]]||''[[Polygala virgata]]''||Purple broom<br />Moth-fruit||302.2
|-
|[[Persblaarvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia antunesiana]]'' ||Purple-leaved false-thorn ||151
|-
|[[Perssambreelblom]]||''[[Karomia speciosa]]''||Wild parasol flower||668
|-
|[[Persstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora multijuga]]'' ||Purple-stemmed corkwood ||282
|-
|[[Petersvy]]||''[[Ficus petersii]]''||Peters's wild fig||48.1
|-
|[[Peulmahonie]]||''[[Afzelia quanzensis]]''||Pod-mahogany||207
|-
|[[Pienkbauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia urbaniana]]''||Pink bauhinia||208.7
|-
|[[Pienkblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya burgessiae]]''||Pink wild pear||468.1
|-
|[[Pienkkeurboom]] ||''[[Virgilia divaricata]]'' ||Pink keurboom ||221.1
|-
|[[Pienkmispel]] ||''[[Feretia aeruginescens]]'' ||Pink-medlar ||696.4
|-
|[[Pistoolbos]] ||''[[Justicia adhatodoides]]'' ||Pistol bush ||681
|-
|[[Platkroon]]||''[[Albizia adianthifolia]]''||Flat crown||148
|-
|[[Platorandbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos brevifoliolatus]]'' ||Escarpment cycad ||3.3
|-
|[[Platorandperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum thorncroftii]]'' ||Escarpment knobwood ||255.3
|-
|[[Platorandboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea galpinii]]''||Forest boekenhout||73
|-
|[[Platorandkaree]] ||''[[Searsia transvaalensis]]'' ||Escarpment karee ||394.1
|-
|[[Pluisblomjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona kirkii subsp. junodii]]'' ||Fluffy-flower jackal-coffee|| 698.3
|-
|[[Poeierbaskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia ternifolia]]''||Yellow gardenia<br />Powder-bark gardenia||690.3
|-
|[[Poeierkwasboom]]||''[[Barringtonia racemosa]]''||Lagoon powderpufftree<br />Powder-puff tree||524
|-
|[[Poerabessie]] ||''[[Vitex pooara]]'' ||Poora fingerleaf ||663
|-
|[[Pokysterhout]]||''[[Chionanthus foveolatus]]''||Common pock ironwood||615
|-
|[[Pompomrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia serpyllifolia]]'' ||Pompon ricebush ||145.16
|-
|[[Pompombruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta cooperi]]'' ||Pompom brides-bush ||719.4
|-
|[[Pondo-kokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus oleosa]]'' ||Pondo kokotree ||400.1
|-
|[[Pondotreurdoring]]||''[[Colubrina nicholsonii]]||Pondo weeping-thorn||453.8
|-
|[[Pondowitpeer]] ||''[[Apodytes abbottii]]'' ||Pondo white pear ||422.1
|-
|[[Pondoboesmanstee]] ||''[[Lydenburgia abbottii]]'' ||Pondo bushman's tea ||407
|-
|[[Pondodoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium vanwykii]]''||Pondo turkey-berry ||710.1
|-
|[[Pondojakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona africana]]'' ||Pondo jackal-coffee ||698.1
|-
|[[Pondokruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia pondoensis]]''||Pondo crossberry||463.5
|-
|[[Pondomelkbessie]] ||''[[Manilkara nicholsonii]]''||Pondo milkberry||586.1
|-
|[[Pondopalm]]||''[[Jubaeopsis afra]]''||Pondo coconut||27
|-
|[[Pondoranktaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia acocksii]]'' ||Pondo climbing currant ||377.2
|-
|[[Pondorooihout]] ||''[[Ochna sp. nov.]]'' ||Pondo plane ||481.1
|-
|[[Pondospookbos]] ||''[[Brunia trigyna]]'' ||Pondo ghostbush ||141.1
|-
|[[Pondosybas]] ||''[[Maytenus abbottii]]'' ||Pondo silky-bark ||398.1
|-
|[[Pondotolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron pondoense]]'' ||Pondoland conebush ||81.4
|-
|[[Pondovy]] ||''[[Ficus bizanae]]'' || Pondoland fig ||46
|-
|[[Pondovalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia retrospinosa]]'' ||Pondo false spikethorn ||403.3
|-
|[[Pondowaterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium pondoense]]''||Pondo waterwood||558.1
|-
|[[Populierblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus fischeri]]'' ||Poplar-leaved fig ||68
|-
|[[Potbergsuikerbos]]||[[Potbergsuikerbos|''Protea aurea'' subsp. ''potbergensis'']]||Potberg sugarbush ||90.6
|-
|[[Pronkonderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus grandiflorus]]''||Green hazel||144
|-
|[[Pronkrooihout]]||''[[Ochna natalitia]]''||Natal plane||481
|-
|[[Pronkverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera jucunda]]''||Showy Indigo||226.4
|-
|[[Pruimvingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex ferruginea]]'' ||Plum fingerleaf ||659
|-
|[[Pylgif]]||''[[Adenium boehmianum]]''||Namibian impalalily||647.2
|-
|[[Pynbos]] ||''[[Smodingium argutum]]'' ||Agony bush ||367
|-
|[[Pypsteelboom]]||''[[Vitex rehmannii]]''||Pipe-stem tree||664
|-
|[[Raasblaar]]||''[[Combretum zeyheri]]''||Large-fruited bushwillow||546
|-
|[[Rankboswilg]]||''[[Combretum patelliforme]]'' ||Combretum patelliforme ||534
|-
|[[Rankklipels]] ||''[[Keetia gueinzii]]'' ||Climbing-turkeyberry ||714
|-
|[[Rankrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia afra]]''||Climbing raisin||459
|-
|[[Ranksaffraan]] ||''[[Lauridia tetragona]]'' ||Climbing saffron ||411.1
|-
|[[Ranksaffraanboom]] ||''[[Lauridia reticulata]]'' ||Tree climbing saffron ||411.3
|-
|[[Ranksterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros simii]]'' ||Climbing star-apple ||609
|-
|[[Rankvingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex harveyana]]'' ||Scrambling fingerleaf ||660
|-
|[[Reepbaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora discolor]]'' ||Stringy-barked corkwood ||274.1
|-
|[[Renosterkoffie]] ||''[[Kraussia floribunda]]'' ||Rhino-coffee ||700.1
|-
|[[Reuseblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus lutea]]'' ||Giant-leaved fig ||61
|-
|[[Reusebroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos natalensis]]''||Natal cycad||10
|-
|[[Reuserosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia hexamita]]''||Giant raisin||460
|-
|[[Reuseseeboontjie]]||''[[Entada rheedii]]''||Giant seabean||193.3
|-
|[[Riemblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lorifolia]]'' ||Strap-leaved sugarbush ||91
|-
|[[Riffelstampendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia heterophylla]]''||Zulu spike-thorn||401.6
|-
|[[Ringbaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora steynii]]'' ||Ringed-bark corkwood ||288
|-
|[[Rivierblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya kirkii]]'' ||River wildpear ||470
|-
|[[Rivierdwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis obovata]]'' ||River dwababerry ||108
|-
|[[Rivierkriedoring]]||''[[Lycium hirsutum]]''||River honey-thorn||669.12
|-
|[[Riviernaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia triangularis]]''||River euphorbia||356
|-
|[[Rivierrankdoring]]||''[[Senegalia schweinfurthii var. schweinfurthii]]''||River climbing thorn||184.1
|-
|[[Rivierrooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia stolzii]]''||River redpear||496.2
|-
|[[Riviertaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. gracilis]]'' ||River firethorn crowberry ||392.2
|-
|[[Riviertolbos]] |||''[[Leucadendron salicifolium]]'' ||Common stream conebush ||82.1
|-
|[[Riviertrassiedoring]] |||[[''Vachellia hebeclada'' subsp. ''chobiensis'']] ||River candle-pod thorn ||170.1
|-
|[[Riviervaderlandswilg]]||''[[Combretum erythrophyllum]]''||River bushwillow||536
|-
|[[Rivierwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria proschii]]'' ||River wild-medlar ||702.4
|-
|[[Rivierwitbos]] ||''[[ Maerua gilgii]]''||River spiderbush ||133.1
|-
|[[Robinsonkreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum pluridens]]'' ||Robinson pincushion ||84.4
|-
|[[Rondeblaargifboom]] ||''[[Acokanthera rotundata]]'' ||Round-leaved poison-bush ||640
|-
|[[Rondeblaarharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa longipes]]'' ||Round-leaved resin tree ||372
|-
|[[Rondevrugbospendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia harveyana subsp. harveyana]]'' || Black forest spike-thorn ||399.2
|-
|[[Rooibergsepterbos]] ||''[[Paranomus roodebergensis]]'' ||Rooiberg tree sceptre<br />Honey-scented sceptre ||72.6
|-
|[[Rooibitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos henningsii]]'' ||Red bitterberry ||625
|-
|[[Rooiblaarrotsvy]] ||''[[Ficus ingens]]''||Red-leaved fig||55
|-
|[[Rooiblompendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia rubra]]'' ||Red-flower spike-thorn ||402.5
|-
|[[Rooiboekenhout]]||''[[Protorhus longifolia]]''||Red beech||364
|-
|[[Rooibos]] ||''[[Aspalathus linearis]]'' ||Rooibos tea ||225.10
|-
|[[Rooiboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum apiculatum]]''||Okavango bushwillow||532
|-
|[[Rooidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia gerrardii subsp. gerrardii]]'' ||Red thorn ||167
|-
|[[Rooi-els (boom)|Rooi-els]] ||''[[Cunonia capensis]]''||Red alder||140
|-
|[[Rooiessenhout]] ||''[[Trichilia emetica]]''||Natal mahogany ||301
|-
|[[Rooihaakbessie]] ||''[[Artabotrys monteiroae]]'' ||Red hook-berry ||105.2
|-
|[[Rooihaak]] ||''[[Vachellia reficiens subsp. reficiens]]'' ||Red umbrella thorn||181
|-
|[[Rooihartboom]]||''[[Hymenocardia ulmoides]]''||Red-heart tree||317
|-
|[[Rooi-ivoor]]||''[[Berchemia zeyheri]]''||Red ivory||450
|-
|[[Rooikershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus rostratus]]''||Red candlewood||408
|-
|[[Rooikweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya wyliei]]''||Red quince||117
|-
|[[Rooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia mundii]]''||Red pear||496
|-
|[[Rooipendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia senegalensis]]''||Red spike-thorn||402
|-
|[[Rooipronkstert]]||''[[Gelrebia rubra]]''||Red plumeflower||214.3
|-
|[[Rooistinkhout]]||''[[Prunus africana]]''||Red stinkwood||147
|-
|[[Rooisuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea grandiceps]]'' ||Red sugarbush ||89.2
|-
|[[Rooitolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron discolor]]'' ||Piketberg conebush ||79
|-
|[[Rooivoëlbessie]] ||''[[Psychotria zombamontana]]''||Red bird-berry||723.1
|-
|[[Rooivrugwitstinkhout]] ||''[[Celtis mildbraedii]]''||Natal white stinkwood||41
|-
|[[Rooivy]] ||''[[Stoeberia arborea]]'' ||Red fig ||103.4
|-
|[[Rooiwortelboom]]||''[[Rhizophora mucronata]]''||Red mangrove||526
|-
|[[Rooiysterhout]]||''[[Ochna holstii]]''||Red ironwood||480
|-
|[[Rosyntjiebos]]||''[[Grewia flava]]''||Sandpaper raisin||459.1
|-
|[[Rotsblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya autumnalis]]''||Rock wildpear||468
|-
|[[Rotsboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum moggii]]'' ||Rock bushwillow ||542
|-
|[[Rotskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora saxicola]]'' ||Rock corkwood ||286
|-
|[[Rotstolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron strobilinum]]'' ||Peninsula conebush ||78
|-
|[[Ruigtekriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium acutifolium]]'' ||Thicket honey-thorn ||669.5
|-
|[[Saalpeultjieboom]]||''[[Wrightia natalensis]]''||Saddle pod||650
|-
|[[Safsafwilger]]||[[Safsafwilger|''Salix mucronata'' subsp. subserrata'']]||Safsaf willow||36
|-
|[[Sambokpeul]]||''[[Cassia abbreviata subsp. beareanna]]'' ||Sjambokpod||212
|-
|[[Sandboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum engleri]]'' ||Sand bushwillow ||535
|-
|[[Sandbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta catophylla]]'' ||Sand bride’s bush ||719.3
|-
|[[Sanddoring]] ||''[[Vachellia arenaria]]'' ||Sand thorn ||186
|-
|[[Sandessenhout]]||''[[Xylia torreana]]''||Sand ash||192
|-
|[[Sandjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona maputensis]]'' ||Maputo jackal-coffee ||699.1
|-
|[[Sandjasmyn]] ||''[[Schrebera trichoclada]]'' ||Sand jasmine<br />Wing-leaved wooden pear ||613
|-
|[[Sandkamhout]]||''[[Baphia massaiensis]]''||Sand camwoord||223
|-
|[[Sandkanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada zanzibariensis]]'' ||Sand canaryberry ||340
|-
|[[Sandkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora angolensis]]''||Sand corkwood||272
|-
|[[Sandkiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia arenicola]]'' ||Sand cabbage-tree ||561.1
|-
|[[Sandkroonbessie]] ||''[[Crossopteryx febrifuga]]'' ||Sand crown-berry ||683
|-
|[[Sandnoemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa tetramera]]'' ||Sand num-num ||640.6
|-
|[[Sandolien]]||''[[Dodonaea viscosa]]''||African sandolive<br />Hopbush||437.1
|-
|[[Sandperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum leprieurii]]'' ||Sand knobwood ||255.1
|-
|[[Sandrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna barbosae]]'' ||Sand plane ||479.2
|-
|[[Sandsterappel]]||''[[Diospyros loureiriana]]''||Sand star-apple||604.1
|-
|[[Sanduiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea mossambicensis]]'' ||Sand onionwood ||531
|-
|[[Sandveldhaarpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa obovata var. elliptica]]'' ||Sandveld resin tree ||373.5
|-
|[[Sandveldluisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum rodolentum]]'' ||Sandveld pincushion ||83
|-
|[[Sandveldwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia filipes]]'' ||Sandveld shepherd's tree ||123.1
|-
|[[Sebrabaskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora viminea]]'' ||Zebra-bark corkwood||279
|-
|[[Sebrabergwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua sebrabergensis]]'' ||Zebra mountain spiderbush ||751
|-
|[[Sebrahout]]||''[[Dalbergia melanoxylon]]''||Zebrawood||232
|-
|[[Seepbos]]||''[[Noltea africana]]''||Soap bush||453
|-
|[[Seepnetel]]||''[[Pouzolzia mixta]]''||Soap nettle||71
|-
|[[Sekhukhunedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sekhukhuniensis]]'' ||Sekhukhune thorn ||184.5
|-
|[[Sekelblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia recurvata]]'' ||Sickle-leaved ricebush ||145.14
|-
|[[Sekelbos]]||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea]]''||Sickle-bush||190
|-
|[[Sekhukhuneboesmanstee]] ||''[[Lydenburgia cassinoides]]''||Sekhukhuni bushman's tea ||406
|-
|[[Sekhukhunebobbejaanstert]] ||''[[Xerophyta retinervis var. multiramosa]]'' ||Sekhukhune baboon's tail ||770
|-
|[[Sekhukhunekaree]] ||''[[Searsia sekhukhuniensis]]'' ||Sekhukhune karee ||393.3
|-
|[[Septeeboom]]||''[[Cordia afra]]''||Septee tree||652
|-
|[[Septemberbossie]]||''[[Polygala myrtifolia]]''||September bush||302.1
|-
|[[Septemberklokkies]]||''[[Rothmannia globosa]]''||Bell gardenia||695
|-
|[[Serpentyndoring]] ||''[[Senegalia loetteri]]'' ||Serpentine thorn ||755
|-
|[[Serpentynsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea curvata]]'' ||Serpentine sugarbush ||88.1
|-
|[[Sigsagkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis fascicularis var. fascicularis]]'' ||Zigzag caperbush ||129.7
|-
|[[Silwerblaarmelkpruim]]||''[[Englerophytum natalense]]''||Natal milkplum||582
|-
|[[Silwerboom]]||''[[Leucadendron argenteum]]''||Silver tree||77
|-
|[[Silwerbos]] ||[[Silwerbos|''Leucadendron uliginosum'' subsp. ''uliginosum'']] ||Outeniqua conebush ||82.6
|-
|[[Silwerhoekstamrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia gracillima]]''||Silver square-stemmed raisin||459.4
|-
|[[Silwerwilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''hirsuta'']] ||Silver willow ||35.1
|-
|[[Skeweblaarbasboontjie]] ||''[[Elephantorrhiza suffruticosa]]'' ||Skew-leaved elephantroot||193.1
|-
|[[Skilferbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia exuvialis]]'' ||Flaky-barked thorn ||164.1
|-
|[[Skoensoolpeul]]||''[[Brachystegia boehmii]]''||Mufuti msasa<br />Prince-of-Wales msasa||198.2
|-
||[[Skotseratel]] ||''[[Amblygonocarpus andongensis]]'' ||Scotsman's rattle||190.2
|-
|[[Skraalrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia denticulata]]'' ||Slender ricebush ||145.6
|-
|[[Skurweblaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia amoena]]''||Sandpaper bush||656
|-
|[[Skurweblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora edulis]]''||Rough-leaved corkwood||275
|-
|[[Skurweblaarrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia flavescens]]''||Velvet raisin||459.2
|-
|[[Skurwevyeboom]] ||''[[Ficus capreifolia]]'' || Rough-leaved fig tree ||50.1
|-
|[[Silwerblaarsuikerbos]] ||[[Silwerblaarsuikerbos|''Protea roupelliae'' subsp. ''roupelliae'']] ||Silver sugarbush ||96
|-
|[[Silwerblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya pulchra]]'' ||Silver wildpear ||470.1
|-
|[[Skraalkaree]] ||''[[Searsia keetii]]'' ||Slender karee ||384.5
|-
|[[Skurweblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia angustifolia var. corymbosa]]'' ||Rough-leaved shepherd tree ||123
|-
|[[Slaaibos]] ||''[[Didelta spinosa]]'' ||Thorny salad bush ||736.2
|-
|[[Slapbergsoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia theronii]]'' ||Slender mountain sweet thorn ||172.3
|-
|[[Slapdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia permixta]]'' ||Slender thorn ||179.1
|-
|[[Slapfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea affinis]]'' ||Slender fountainbush ||226.14
|-
|[[Slaphoringaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe speciosa]]'' ||Tilt-head aloe ||30.5
|-
|[[Slapkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora virgata]]'' ||Slender corkwood ||290
|-
|[[Slapkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium bosciifolium]]'' ||Limpopo honey-thorn ||669.8
|-
|[[Slaploot]] ||''[[Senegalia senegal var. leiorhachis]]'' ||Slender three-hooked thorn||185
|-
|[[Slymappel]]||''[[Azanza garckeana]]''||Snot apple||466
|-
||[[Smalblaarbasboontjie]] ||''[[Elephantorrhiza goetzei]]'' ||Narrow-pod elephantroot||192.1
|-
||[[Smalblaarghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea linearis]]'' ||Lance-leaved guarri ||596
|-
|[[Smalblaarharpuisbos]]||''[[Ozoroa paniculosa var. salicina]]''||Narrow-leaved resin tree||375.1
|-
|[[Smalblaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis brassii]]'' ||Narrow-leaved caperbush ||129.6
|-
|[[Smalblaarmosterdboom]] ||''[[Salvadora australis]]'' ||Narrow-leaved mustard-tree ||621
|-
|[[Smalblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lanceolata]]'' ||Lance-leaved sugarbush ||90.1
|-
|[[Smalblaarwasbessie]]||''[[Morella serrata]]''||Lance-leaved waxberry||38
|-
|[[Smalblad]]||''[[Metrosideros angustifolia]]''||Lance-leaved myrtle||559
|-
|[[Snuifkalbassie]]||''[[Oncoba spinosa]]''||Snuff-box tree||492
|-
|[[Soetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia karroo]]''||Sweet thorn||172
|-
|[[Soutpansbergdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia montis-salinarum]]'' ||Soutpansberg thorn ||753
|-
|[[Soutpansbergmadeliefiebos]]||''[[Callilepis caerulea]]''||Soutpansberg Marguerite||736.3
|-
|[[Soutpansbergroosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon soutpansbergense]]'' ||Soutpansberg rose-apple ||763
|-
|[[Soutpansbergwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria soutpansbergensis]]'' ||Soutpansberg wild-medlar ||703.1
|-
|[[Spalkpendoring]] ||''[[Gloveria integrifolia]]'' ||Splint spike-thorn ||403.9
|-
|[[Spekboom]]||''[[Portulacaria afra]]''||Porkbush||104
|-
|[[Spitsblaarspeldekussing]] ||''[[Leucospermum saxosum]] ''||Escarpment pincushion ||85.3
|-
|[[Spoegboom]] ||''[[Commiphora cervifolia]]''|| Antler-leaved corkwood || 273.5
|-
|[[Springsaadboom]] ||''[[Shirakiopsis elliptica]]'' || Jumping-seed tree ||342
|-
|[[Sprokiesboom]] ||''[[Moringa ovalifolia]]'' || Phantomtree ||137
|-
|[[Stamlose broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos villosus]]'' ||Ground cycad ||14.20
|-
|[[Stamvrug]]||''[[Englerophytum magalismontanum]]''||Transvaal milkplum||581
|-
|[[Stamvrugklimop]] ||''[[Tiliacora funifera]]'' ||Elbow leaf || 104.7
|-
|[[Stamvrugysterpruim]]||''[[Drypetes natalensis]]''||Natal ironplum||316
|-
|[[Stekelblaarklapper]]||''[[Strychnos pungens]]''||Spine-leaved monkey||628
|-
||[[Stekelsplinterboontjie]] ||''[[Adenopodia spicata]]'' ||Spiny splinterbean ||193.5
|-
|[[Sterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia rogersii]]''||Large-leaved star-chestnut||477
|-
|[[Sterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia arborea]]'' ||Startree ||145.1
|-
|[[Sterkbos]]||''[[Terminalia prunioides]]''||Lowveld cluster-leaf||550
|-
|[[Sterretjierosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia sulcata]]''||Stellar raisin||463.9
|-
|[[Sterretjierysbos]]||''[[Cliffortia nitidula]]''||Starry rice-bush||145.2
|-
|[[Stinkbessievingerblaar]]||''[[Vitex mombassae]]''||Poora-berry||660.1
|-
|[[Stinkblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea susannae]]'' ||Stink-leaf sugarbush ||98.1
|-
|[[Stinkbos]] ||''[[Boscia foetida]]''||Stinkbush||124
|-
|[[Stinkebbehout]] ||''[[Heywoodia lucens]]''||Stink ebony ||306
|-
|[[Stinkhout]] ||''[[Ocotea bullata]]''||Stinkwood||118
|-
|[[Stinkwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia foetida subsp. rehmanniana]]'' ||Stink shepherd's tree ||125
|-
|[[Stompblaartaaibos]]||''[[Searsia rehmanniana]]''||Blunt-leaved currant||393.4
|-
|[[Stormbos]] ||''[[Cadaba aphylla]]'' ||Leafless worm bush ||129
|-
|[[Strandaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe thraskii]]'' ||Strand aloe ||30.7
|-
|[[Suidelike skulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria verticillata]]''||Southern Shell-flower||673
|-
|[[Suidkuskiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia nicholsonii]]''||Natal coast cabbage tree||565.1
|-
|[[Suurbergbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos longifolius]]''||Suurberg cycad||9
|-
|[[Suurbergkussingbos]]||''[[Oldenburgia grandis]]''||Suurberg cushion bush||737
|-
|[[Suurbessie]]||''[[Dovyalis rhamnoides]]''||Common sourberry||509
|-
|[[Suurkaree]]||''[[Searsia ciliata]]''||Sour karee||380.2
|-
|[[Suurlat]] ||''[[Freylinia visseri]]'' ||Sandveld honey-bells ||670.4
|-
|[[Suurpruim]] ||[[Suurpruim|''Ximenia afra'' var. ''afra'']] ||Large sour plum||103
|-
|[[Suurtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia krebsiana]]'' ||Mountain currant ||385.1
|-
|[[Swakopmundkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora oblanceolata]]'' || Hyaena corkwood ||284.1
|-
|[[Swartapiesdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia burkei]]''||Black monkey thorn||161
|-
|[[Swartbaardsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lepidocarpodendron]]'' ||Black-bearded sugarbush ||90.5
|-
|[[Swartbas]]||''[[Diospyros whyteana]]''||Bladder-nut||611
|-
|[[Swartbitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos potatorum]]'' ||Black bitterberry ||630
|-
|[[Swarthaak]] ||''[[Senegalia mellifera subsp. detinens]]'' ||Spike-flowered black-thorn ||176
|-
|[[Swartvalstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus africanus]]''||African false currant||425
|-
|[[Swartwortelboom]]||''[[Bruguiera gymnorrhiza]]''||Black mangrove||527
|-
|[[Swazibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos aplanatus]]'' ||Swazi north-east forest cycad ||14.10
|-
|[[Swazidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia swazica]]'' ||Swazi thorn ||187.2
|-
|[[Swazigeelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia glabrata]]'' ||Swazi laburnum ||219.2
|-
|[[Swazipendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia swazica]]'' ||Swazi spike-thorn ||749
|-
|[[Swazi-uiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea swaziensis]]'' ||Swazi onionwood ||531.1
|-
|[[Sweepstokknoppiesboontjie]] ||''[[Maerua kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko beadbean ||133.8
|-
|[[Sybas]]||''[[Maytenus acuminata]]''||Rock silky bark||398
|-
|[[Sydoring]]||''[[Vachellia rehmanniana]]''||Silky thorn||182
|-
|[[Syhaartolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron pubescens]]'' ||Grey conebush ||81.3
|-
|[[Syhaarveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne pilosa]]''||Silky fibre-bush||518
|-
|[[Taaijakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros glandulifera]]'' ||Sticky star-apple ||603.2
|-
|[[Tambotie]] ||''[[Spirostachys africana]]''||Tamboti||341
|-
|[[Teerhout]] ||''[[Loxostylis alata]]''||Tarwood||365
|-
|[[Teerysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia paucistaminea]]'' ||Tea ricebush ||145.12
|-
|[[Terblanzboom]] ||''[[Faurea macnaughtonii]]'' ||Terblanz beech||74
|-
|[[Tolbalie]] ||''[[Empogona lanceolata]]''||Jackal-coffee ||699
|-
|[[Tolvruglukwart]] ||''[[Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. stenocarpus]]'' ||Spindle-fruited loquat ||696.3
|-
|[[Tongabergaalwyn]] ||[[Tongabergaalwyn|''Aloe marlothii'' subsp. ''orientalis'']] ||Tonga mountain aloe ||29.7
|-
|[[Tongaboomaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloidendron tongaense]]'' ||Tonga tree aloe ||29.9
|-
|[[Tongadoringkatjiepiering]] ||''[[Hyperacanthus microphyllus]]'' ||Tonga spiny gardenia ||689.7
|-
|[[Tongakatjiepiering]] ||''[[Gardenia cornuta]]'' || Tonga gardenia ||690.1
|-
|[[Tongakierie]] ||''[[Crateva kirkii]]'' ||Tonga kierie ||131
|-
|[[Tongakwar]] ||''[[Psydrax fragrantissima]]'' ||Tonga quar ||712.1
|-
|[[Tongalandbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ferox]]'' || Tongaland cycad ||3.4
|-
|[[Towerghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea divinorum]]''||Magic guarri||595
|-
|[[Transvaalbergsuikerbos]] of [[Transvaalbergsuikerbos|platorandsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea rubropilosa]]'' ||Transvaal sugarbush ||97
|-
|[[Transvaalsesambos]] ||''[[Sesamothamnus lugardii]]'' ||Sesame-bush ||680
|-
|[[Trassiedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia hebeclada]]'' ||Candle-pod thorn ||170
|-
|[[Treurbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta lanceolata]]''||Weeping bride's bush||718.1
|-
|[[Treurharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa engleri]]''||White resin tree||371
|-
|[[Treurkersielemoen]]||''[[Teclea natalensis]]''||Natal cherry-orange||264
|-
|[[Treurtrassiedoring]]||''[[Vachellia hebeclada subsp. tristis]]'' ||Weeping candle-pod thorn ||170.2
|-
|[[Trilblaarvy]] ||[[Trilblaarvy|''Ficus tremula'' subsp. ''tremula'']] ||Trembling-leaf fig ||67
|-
|[[Tropiese blompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya quinqueseta]]'' ||Tropical wildpear ||470.5
|-
|[[Tropiese kweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya liebertiana]]'' ||Tropical wild quince ||113.1
|-
|[[Tropiese pendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia maranguensis]]'' ||Tropical spike thorn ||399.9
|-
|[[Troshofiesuikerbos]] ||''[[Troshofiesuikerbos|Protea welwitschii]]'' ||Cluster-head sugarbush ||98.2
|-
|[[Trosvy]]||[[Trosvy|''Ficus sycomorus'' subsp. ''sycomorus'']]||Common cluster fig||66
|-
|[[Tsitsikammatolbos]] ||[[Tsitsikammatolbos|''Leucadendron uliginosum'' subsp. ''glabratum'']] ||Tsitsikamma conebush ||82.5
|-
|[[Tugelapendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia macrocarpa]]'' ||Tugela spike-thorn ||401.8
|-
|[[Tugelastinkwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia foetida subsp. longipedicellata]]'' ||Tugela stinkbush ||124.1
|-
|[[Tuitpeulpronkstert]] ||''[[Gelrebia rostrata]]'' ||Beaked-pod plumeflower ||214.6
|-
|[[Tweeblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Welwitschia mirabilis]]'' ||Welwitschia ||21.1
|-
|[[Tweelingrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca trichogyne]]''||Twin red-berry||332.4
|-
|[[Uiehout]]||''[[Cassipourea malosana]]''||Common onionwood||529
|-
|[[Uitenhaagaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe africana]]'' ||Uitenhage aloe ||28.2
|-
|[[Umbeluzibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos umbeluziensis]]'' ||Umbeluzi cycad ||14.19
|-
|[[Umtiza]]||''[[Umtiza listeriana]]''||Umtiza||205
|-
|[[Uniondaletolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron rourkei]]'' ||Uniondale conebush ||81.6
|-
|[[Vaalalbasterboom]] ||''[[Guilandina bonduc]]'' ||Grey nickar||214.4
|-
|[[Vaalblaarwurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba termitaria]]'' ||Grey-leaved worm bush||129.3
|-
|[[Vaalboom]]||''[[Terminalia sericea]]''||Silver cluster-leaf||551
|-
|[[Vaalkameeldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia haematoxylon]]'' ||Grey camel thorn ||169
|-
|[[Vaalkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia transvaalensis]]''||Transvaal cabbage tree||564.3
|-
|[[Vaalkreupelhout]]|| [[Vaalkreupelhout|''Leucospermum conocarpdendron'' subsp. ''conocarpdendron'']] ||Grey pincushion||84
|-
|[[Vaalpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia capitata]]'' ||Ashen spike-thorn ||401.4
|-
|[[Vaalpypsteelboom]]||''[[Vitex zeyheri]]''||Silver pipe-stem tree||666
|-
|[[Vaalrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia monticola]]''||Silver raisin||462
|-
|[[Vaalstompie]] ||''[[Mimetes argenteus]]'' ||Silver pagoda ||72.7
|-
|[[Vaaltolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron conicum]]'' ||Garden Route conebush||78.1
|-
|[[Valleibosnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia grandidens]]''||Valley-bush euphorbia||350
|-
|[[Valleiboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum stylesii]]'' ||Valley bushwillow ||545.5
|-
|[[Valleirooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca natalensis]]'' ||Valley redberry||332.5
|-
|[[Valsassegaai]]||''[[Maesa lanceolata]]''||False assegai||577
|-
|[[Valsbliksembos]]||''[[Pseudophyllanthus ovalis]]||False-lightningbush||305
|-
|[[Valsblinkblaar]] ||''[[Itea rhamnoides]]'' || False shinyleaf ||138
|-
|[[Valsbruidsbos]]||''[[Tarenna pavettoides]]''||False bride's bush||686
|-
|[[Valsdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium armatum]]'' ||False turkeyberry ||715
|-
|[[Valskatjiepiering]] ||''[[Rothmannia capensis]]''||Cape gardenia||693
|-
|[[Valskiepersol]] ||''[[Neocussonia umbellifera]]''||False cabbage tree||566
|-
|[[Valskralesnoer]] ||''[[Micrococca capensis]]'' ||False bead-string||332.2
|-
|[[Valslekkerbreek]] ||''[[Brackenridgea zanguebarica]]'' ||Yellow false-plane ||483.1
|-
|[[Valsmaroela]] ||''[[Lannea schweinfurthii]]''||False marula||363
|-
|[[Valsmispel]] ||''[[Vangueriopsis lanciflora]]''||False medlar||704
|-
|[[Valspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia pyracantha]]'' ||False spikethorn ||403.1
|-
|[[Valspapierblom]] ||''[[Pisonia aculeata]]'' ||Mock bougainvillea ||103.8
|-
|[[Valsperdebos]]||''[[Hippobromus pauciflorus]]''||False horsewood||438
|-
|[[Valsrooipeer]]||''[[Pseudoscolopia polyantha]]''||False-redpear||499
|-
|[[Valssilwerrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia inaequilatera]]''||False-silver raisin||460.1
|-
|[[Valssybas]]||''[[Robsonodendron eucleiforme]]''||False silky-bark||413
|-
|[[Valstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus decipiens]]''||Small-leaf false currant<br />Bastard currant||423
|-
|[[Valsvaalrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia subspathulata]]''||Hybrid raisin||463.8
|-
|[[Vals-wag-'n-bietjie]]||''[[Ziziphus rivularis]]''||False buffalo-thorn||448
|-
|[[Valswaterbessie]] ||''[[Rhynchocalyx lawsonioides]]'' ||False-waterberry ||523.1
|-
|[[Valswitessenhout]] ||''[[Pseudobersama mossambicensis]]'' ||False white ash ||302
|-
|[[Vanstadensbergheuningbostee]] ||''[[Cyclopia longifolia]]'' ||Van Stadensberg honeybush tea ||224.2
|-
|[[Vanstadensepterboom]] ||''[[Paranomus reflexus]]'' ||Van Staden's sceptre ||72.4
|-
|[[Vanwykshout]]||''[[Bolusanthus speciosus]]''||Tree wisteria||222
|-
|[[Veldwildevy]] ||''[[Ficus burtt-davyi]]'' || Burtt Davy's fig ||49
|-
|[[Vendabroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos hirsutus]]'' ||Venda cycad ||14.6
|-
|[[Vendaboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum vendae]]'' ||Venda bushwillow ||540.3
|-
|[[Vendasyhaarkoffie]] ||''[[Sericanthe andongensis subsp. legatti]]'' ||Venda silky-coffee ||697
|-
|[[Vierblaarboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum adenogonium]]'' ||Four-leaved bushwillow ||531.4
|-
|[[Viervingerbos]] ||''[[Bachmannia woodii]]'' ||Four-finger bush ||121
|-
|[[Vlamdoring]]||''[[Senegalia ataxacantha]]''||Flame thorn||160
|-
|[[Vlam-van-die-vlakte]]||''[[Bauhinia galpinii]]''||Pride-of-De Kaap||208.2
|-
|[[Vlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum microphyllum]]'' ||Flamecreeper ||545
|-
|[[Vleidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia stuhlmannii]]'' ||Vlei thorn ||187.1
|-
|[[Vleiknoppiesbos]] ||''[[Berzelia lanuginosa]]'' ||Marsh buttonbush ||141.2
|-
|[[Vleirysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia strobilifera]]'' ||Bog ricebush ||145.3
|-
|[[Vleisneeubos]] ||''[[Berzelia albiflora]]'' ||Marsh snowbush ||141.3
|-
|[[Vleitee]] ||''[[Cyclopia subternata]]'' ||Honeybush-tea ||224.4
|-
|[[Vlerkboon]]||''[[Xeroderris stuhlmannii]]''||Wing bean||240
|-
|[[Vlerkvrugpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia hemipterocarpa]]'' ||Winged-fruit spike-thorn ||399.8
|-
|[[Vlerkwortel]] ||''[[Polemanniopsis marlothii]]'' ||Winged-carrot ||746
|-
|[[Vloedvlaktedoring]] || ''[[Vachellia kirkii subsp. kirkii var. kirkii]]'' ||Floodplain thorn ||173
|-
|[[Voëlsitboom]]||''[[Antidesma venosum]]''||Tassel berry||318
|-
|[[Vratjievrugbliksembos]]||''[[Clutia pulchella]]''||Warty-fruit lightning-bush||336.2
|-
|[[Vratjiewitbessiebos]] ||''[[Flueggea verrucosa]]'' ||Warty white-berry bush ||309.1
|-
|[[Vrystaatse geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia reflexa]]'' || Free State golden-pea<br />Sotho laburnum ||220.1
|-
|[[Waaieraalwyn]] ||''[[Kumara plicatilis]]'' ||Franschhoek aloe ||29.6
|-
|[[Waboom]]||''[[Protea nitida]]''||Wagon tree||86
|-
|[[Wakkerstroomrooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia oreophila]]''||Wakkerstroom red-pear||496.1
|-
|[[Wasagtige broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cerinus]]'' ||Waxen cycad ||14.12
|-
|[[Waterbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos eugene-maraisii]]'' ||Waterberg cycad ||3.1
|-
|[[Waterbergrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia rogersii]]''||Waterberg raisin||463.7
|-
|[[Waterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium cordatum]]''||Water berry||555
|-
|[[Waterboomheide]]||''[[Erica afra]]''||Water tree heath<br />Sweet scented heath||572
|-
|[[Waterdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia nebrownii]]'' ||Water thorn ||177.1
|-
|[[Waterkeurtjie]]||''[[Podalyria calyptrata]]''||Water blossom pea||225
|-
|[[Waterpeer]]||''[[Syzygium guineense]]''||Water pear<br />Water berry||557
|-
|[[Waterpokysterhout]] ||''[[Chionanthus battiscombei]]'' ||Water pock-ironwood ||614
|-
|[[Watersybas]] ||''[[Maytenus cordata]]'' ||Water silkybark||398.3
|-
|[[Watertaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia gerrardii]]'' ||River karee ||378
|-
|[[Watervaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena neriifolia]]''||Cape silveroak<br />Water white alder||729
|-
|[[Watervlier]]||''[[Nuxia oppositifolia]]''||Water elder||635
|-
|[[Watervy]] ||''[[Ficus verruculosa]]'' ||Water fig ||67.1
|-
|[[Waterwitsuikerbos]]||[[Waterwitsuikerbos|Protea punctata]]|| Water white sugarbush || 94.1
|-
|[[Westelike geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia intrusa]]'' ||Western wild laburnum ||219.3
|-
|[[Westelike koolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis hanekomii]]''||Western coalwood||307.2
|-
|[[Westelike smalblaarwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella integra]]'' ||Western lance-leaved wax-berry ||38.1
|-
|[[Wilde-amandel]]||''[[Brabejum stellatifolium]]''||Wild almond||72
|-
|[[Wilde-appelkoos]]||''[[Dovyalis zeyheri]]''||Wild apricot||511
|-
|[[Wildedadelboom]]||''[[Phoenix reclinata]]''||Wild date palm||22
|-
|[[Wildefrangipani]]||''[[Voacanga thouarsii]]''||Wild frangipani||646
|-
|[[Wildegranaat]]||''[[Burchellia bubalina]]''||Wild pomegranate||688
|-
|[[Wildegroenhaarboom]]||''[[Parkinsonia africana]]''||Wild green-hair tree||214
|-
|[[Wildejasmyn]]||''[[Schrebera alata]]''||Wild jasmine||612
|-
|[[Wildekanferboom]] ||''[[Cryptocarya myrtifolia]]'' ||Myrtle wild quince ||115
|-
|[[Wildekastaiing]] ||''[[Calodendrum capense]]'' ||Cape chestnut ||256
|-
|[[Wildelukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus speciosus]]''||Wild loquat||696
|-
|[[Wildemango]]||''[[Cordyla africana]]''||Wild mango||216
|-
|[[Wildemispel]]||''[[Vangueria infausta]]''||Wild medlar||702
|-
|[[Wildemoerbei]]||''[[Trimeria grandifolia]]''||Wild mulberry||503
|-
|[[Wildenaeltjiebos]] ||''[[Montinia caryophyllacea]]'' ||Wild-clovebush ||137.5
|-
|[[Wildenartjie]]||''[[Toddaliopsis bremekampii]]''||Wild mandarin||262
|-
|[[Wildepatat]] ||''[[Maerua racemulosa]]'' ||Forest bush-cherry ||134
|-
|[[Wildeperske]]||''[[Kiggelaria africana]]''||Wild peach||494
|-
|[[Wildepiesang]]||''[[Ensete ventricosum]]''||Wild banana||31
|-
|[[Wildepopulier]]||''[[Macaranga capensis]]''||Wild poplar<br />River macaranga||335
|-
|[[Wildepruim]]||''[[Harpephyllum caffrum]]''||Wild plum||361
|-
|[[Wildesalie]]||''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]''||Sagewood||637
|-
|[[Wildesering]]||''[[Burkea africana]]''||Wild-seringa||197
|-
|[[Wildesuikerappel]] ||''[[Annona senegalensis]]''||Wild custard-apple||105
|-
|[[Wildevlier]] ||''[[Nuxia congesta]]''||Common wild elder||633
|-
|[[Wilgerblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia salicifolia]]''||Willow-leaved shepherd's tree||128.1
|-
|[[Wilgerkorentebos]] ||''[[Searsia angustifolia]]''||Willow karee||377.1
|-
|[[Wilgerkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium arenicola]]'' ||Willow honeythorn ||669.7
|-
|[[Wilgerpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia bachmannii]]''||Willow spike-thorn||398.2
|-
|[[Witbessiebos]]||''[[Flueggea virosa]]''||White-berry bush||309
|-
|[[Witblombos]] ||''[[Metalasia muricata]]''||White bristle bush||736
|-
|[[Witblomtontelhout]]||''[[Volkameria glabra]]''||Tinderwood||667
|-
|[[Witbos]]||''[[Maerua cafra]]''||Spider bush||133
|-
|[[Witels]]||''[[Platylophus trifoliatus]]''||White alder||141
|-
|[[Witessenhout]]||''[[Bersama tysoniana]]''||Coastal white ash||443
|-
|[[Witfluweelboomheide]] ||''[[Erica simii]]''||White-velvet tree erica||576
|-
|[[Withaarbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos friderici-guilielmi]]''||White-haired cycad||4
|-
|[[Without]]||''[[Ilex mitis]]''||Cape holly||397
|-
|[[Witkaree]]||''[[Searsia pendulina]]''||White karree||396
|-
|[[Witkershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus echinatus]]''||White candlewood||405
|-
|[[Witmelkhout]]||''[[Sideroxylon inerme]]''||White milkwood||579
|-
|[[Witolienhout]]||''[[Buddleja saligna]]''||False olive||636
|-
|[[Witonderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus ellipticus]]''||White hazel<br />Natal hazel||143
|-
|[[Witpeer]]||''[[Apodytes dimidiata]]''||White pear||422
|-
|[[Witrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia bicolor]]''||Bastard raisin||458
|-
|[[Witseebasboom]]||''[[Avicennia marina]]''||White mangrove||669
|-
|[[Witsering]] ||''[[Kirkia acuminata]]''||White seringa||267
|-
|[[Witstam]] ||''[[Euclea schimperi]]'' ||Glossy guarri||600
|-
|[[Witdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia polyacantha subsp. campylacantha]]'' ||White-stemmed thorn||180
|-
|[[Witstamkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora tenuipetiolata]]''||White-stem corkwood||289
|-
|[[Witstinkhout]]||''[[Celtis africana]]''||White stinkwood||39
|-
|[[Witstippelbospendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia nemorosa]]''||White forest spike-thorn||399.3
|-
|[[Witsuikerbos]]||''[[Protea lacticolor]]''||Hottentot sugarbush||90
|-
|[[Witysterhout]]||''[[Vepris lanceolata]]''||White ironwood||261
|-
|[[Wolbaardsuikerbos]]||''[[Protea magnifica]]''||Queen sugarbush||86.1
|-
|[[Wolftoon]]||''[[Wolftoon|Portulacaria namaquensis]]''||Namaqua porkbush||104.1
|-
|[[Wolkbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos dolomiticus]]''||Wolkberg cycad||14.4
|-
|[[Wolkbergdrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena transvaalensis]]''||Wolkberg dragon tree||30.10
|-
|[[Wollerige baakhout]]||''[[Greyia radlkoferi]]''||Transvaal bottlebrush||445
|-
|[[Wollerige broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos heenanii]]''||Woolly cycad||14.1
|-
|[[Wollerige geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia woodii]]'' ||Woolly wild laburnum ||219.5
|-
|[[Wollerige kapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis tomentosa]]''||Woolly caperbush||130.1
|-
|[[Wolwedoring]] ||''[[Lycium oxycarpum]]''||Karoo honey-thorn||669.1
|-
|[[Wolwegifboom]] ||''[[Hyaenanche globosa]]''||Hyaena poison||319
|-
|[[Wonderboomvy]]||''[[Ficus salicifolia]]''||Wild rubber fig||60
|-
|[[Wonderkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora buruxa]]''||Wonder corkwoord||272.5
|-
|[[Wonderplant]] ||''[[Tinospora fragosa]]''||Marvel creeper||104.9
|-
|[[Wonderstok]] ||''[[Tinospora tenera]]''||Marvel-creeper||104.10
|-
|[[Woodbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos woodii]]''||Wood's giant-cycad||14
|-
|[[Worsboom]]||''[[Kigelia africana]]''||Sausage tree||678
|-
|[[Wortelboommahonie]] ||''[[Xylocarpus granatum]]'' ||Mangrove mahogany ||294.5
|-
|[[Wurmbasvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia anthelmintica]]''||Worm-bark false-thorn||150
|-
|[[Wyliespoortaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe angelica]]''||Wyliespoort aloe||28.4
|-
|[[Ysterhout]]||''[[Olea capensis]]''||Black ironwood||618
|-
|[[Ystermartiens]] ||''[[Laurophyllus capensis]]''||Iron martin||366
|-
|[[Zambeziboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum celastroides]]'' ||Zambezi bushwillow ||533.8
|-
|[[Zambezikanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea zambesica]]'' ||Zambezi honeysuckletree ||297.1
|-
|[[Zambezikiaat]]||''[[Baikiaea plurijuga]]''||Zambezi-teak||206
|-
|[[Zambeziboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum celastroides]]'' ||Zambezi bushwillow ||533.8
|-
|[[Zambezikaree]] ||''[[Searsia lucens]]''||Zambezi karee||388.2
|-
|[[Zambezivalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha ornata]]'' ||Zambezi false-nettle ||335.6
|-
|[[Zimbabwe-aalwyn]]||[[Zimbabwe-aalwyn|''Aloe excelsa'' var. ''excelsa'']]||Zimbabwe aloe||28.8
|-
|[[Zoeloekersielemoen]]||''[[Vepris trichocarpa]]''||Zulu cherry-orange||263
|-
|[[Zoeloekiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia zuluensis]]'' ||Zulu cabbage-tree ||561
|-
|[[Zoeloelukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus latifolius]]''||Zulu loquat||696.1
|-
|[[Zoeloemelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara concolor]]''||Zulu milkberry||586
|-
|[[Zoeloepeulbessie]]||''[[Dialium schlechteri]]'' ||Zulu podberry ||211
|-
|[[Zoeloevalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia suluensis]]''||Zulu false-thorn||156
|}
{{clear}}
== Bronne ==
* [http://www.treetags.co.za/indigenous-south-african-trees/numbered-FSA-tree-species-list-19-april-2010.pdf Treetags.co.za: Numbered Tree Species List in South Africa, April 2010]
* [http://www.ispotnature.org/TreesSA iSpot: South African Tree Common Names] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621164532/http://www.ispotnature.org/TreesSA |date=21 Junie 2017 }}
* [http://pza.sanbi.org/ SANBI: PlantZAfrica]
* [http://iscantree.co.za/catalogue/ iScanTree: Tree List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706150132/http://iscantree.co.za/catalogue/ |date= 6 Julie 2017 }}
* [https://books.google.co.za/books?id=RFNcAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:ISBN1770078320 Watter Boom Is Dit?, Eugene Moll, Penguin Random House South Africa, 2013]{{Dooie skakel|date=Augustus 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://redlist.sanbi.org/index.php SANBI: Rooilys van Suid-Afrikaanse Plante]
* [https://www.wits.ac.za/media/migration/files/cs-38933-fix/migrated-pdf/pdfs-1/trcflist.pdf Recommended English names for South African Trees, Universiteit van die Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]
* [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9781868259229 Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa, Braam Van Wyk en Piet Van Wyk, 1997]
* [https://pilanesbergsafaris.com/useful_info_tree.php Trees of the Pilanesberg National Park]
* [https://www.sanbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/saprotectedtrees2011.pdf List of Protected Tree Species under the National Forests Act (Wet nr 84 van 1998)]
== Sien ook ==
* [[Bas]]
* [[Blaar]]
* [[Boom]]
* [[Lys van indringerplante in Suid-Afrika]]
* [[Lys van uitheemse bome wat in Suid-Afrika voorkom]]
[[Kategorie:Bome van Afrika| ]]
[[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse lyste|Bome, alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Lyste van plantspesies]]
37ttv35alyectxey5ydz22qm96z9jbo
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{multiple image2
| align = left
| direction = horizontal
| total_width = 900
| footer =
| image1 = Vachellia xanthophloea 20D 3046.jpg
| alt1 = Koorsboom
| caption1 = [[Koorsboom]]
| image2 = Southafrica428yellowwood.jpg
| alt2 = Outeniekwageelhout
| caption2 = [[Outeniekwageelhout|Outenikwa-geelhout]]
| image3 = Vachellia karroo 1947.jpg
| alt3 = Soetdoring
| caption3 = [[Soetdoring]]
| image4 = Tarchonanthus camphoratus 1DS-II 3-4583.jpg
| alt4 = Kanferbos
| caption4 = [[Kanferbos]]
| image5 = Olinia emarginata 1DS-II 0056.jpg
| alt5 = Berghardepeer
| caption5 = [[Berghardepeer]]
| image6 = Cyathea dregei00.jpg
| alt6 = Grasveldboomvaring
| caption6 = [[Grasveldboomvaring|Grasveld-boomvaring]]
| image7 = Cussonia paniculata, habitus, Phalandingwe, a.jpg
| alt7 = Hoëveldkiepersol
| caption7 = [[Hoëveldkiepersol]]
}}{{-}}
Hier volg ’n sorteerbare lys van [[inheems]]e [[boom|bome]] van Suider-Afrika met hulle FSA-nommers:
{| border="1" align="left" class="wikitable sortable"
!Afrikaanse naam!!Botaniese naam!!Engelse naam!!FSA-nommer
|-
|[[Aartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus reticulatus]]''||Potato bush||311
|-
|[[Abiekwasgeelhout]]||''[[Tamarix usneoides]]''||Wild tamarisk||487
|-
|[[Afrikabloubessie]]||''[[Vaccinium exul]]''||Transvaal cranberry||571
|-
|[[Afrikageelmelkhout]]||''[[Garcinia livingstonei]]''||Lowveld mangosteen||486
|-
|[[Afrikaharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa reticulata]]''||Bushveld resin tree||376
|-
|[[Afrikahondsroos]]||''[[Xylotheca kraussiana]]''||African dog-rose||493
|-
|[[Afrikamoerbei]]||''[[Afromorus mesozygia]]''||African mulberry||44
|-
|[[Afrikasoetlemoen]] ||''[[Maclura africana]]'' || Thorny mulberry ||44.1
|-
|[[Afrikasterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia africana]]''||African star-chestnut||474
|-
|[[Afrikawaaierpalm]]||''[[Borassus aethiopum]]''||Selati palm||25
|-
|[[Akkerjakkalsbessie]]||''[[Diospyros natalensis]]''||Small-leaved jackal-berry||607
|-
|[[Albaniebroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos latifrons]]'' ||Albany cycad ||7
|-
|[[Albanierooibostee]] ||''[[Aspalathus teres]]'' ||Albany rooibos tea ||225.9
|-
|[[Albinobessie]]||''[[Aphloia theiformis]]''||Albino-berry ||505
|-
|[[Anaboom]]||''[[Faidherbia albida]]''||Ana tree||159
|-
|[[Angolabrandnetel]] ||''[[Obetia carruthersiana]]'' ||Angola nettle ||69
|-
|[[Angolakiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia angolensis]]'' ||Angola cabbage-tree ||560.5
|-
|[[Angolavingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex angolensis]]'' ||Angola fingerleaf ||659.1
|-
|[[Angolawolftoon]] ||''[[Angolawolftoon|Portulacaria carrissoana]]'' ||Angola porkbush ||103.10
|-
|[[Anysbergsterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia conifera]]'' ||Anysberg startree ||145.5
|-
|[[Apiesdoring]]||''[[Senegalia galpinii]]''||Monkey thorn||166
|-
|[[Apiespeul]]||''[[Senna petersiana]]''||Monkeypod||213
|-
|[[Appelblaar]]||''[[Philenoptera violacea]]''||Apple leaf||238
|-
|[[Assegaai (boom)]]||''[[Curtisia dentata]]''||Assegai bush||570
|-
|[[Baardbessie]] ||''[[Searsia incisa]]'' ||Rubrub-berry ||385
|-
|[[Baardboomheide]] ||''[[Erica triflora]]'' || Bearded tree erica ||575
|-
|[[Barbertonbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta barbertonensis]]'' ||Barberton brides-bush ||716.2
|-
|[[Barbertonse bergsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea comptonii]]'' ||Saddleback sugarbush ||88
|-
|[[Barbertonse broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos paucidentatus]]'' ||Barberton cycad ||11
|-
|[[Basboom]]||''[[Dais cotinifolia]]''||Pompon tree||521
|-
|[[Basboontjie]]||''[[Elephantorrhiza burkei]]''||Sumach bean<br /> Elephantroot||193
|-
|[[Basterkokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron pillansii]]'' ||Bastard quiver tree ||30
|-
|[[Basterkreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum patersonii]]'' ||Silver-edge pincushion ||85
|-
|[[Basterstinkhout]] ||''[[Ocotea kenyensis]]'' ||Mock stinkwood ||119
|-
|[[Bastersuikerappel]] ||''[[Hexalobus monopetalus]]'' ||Shakama plum ||106
|-
|[[Bastersuurpruim]] of [[Bastersuurpruim|kleinvalssuurpruim]] ||''[[Olax dissitiflora]]'' ||Bastard sourplum ||101
|-
|[[Bastertambotie]] ||''[[Cleistanthus schlechteri]]''||False tamboti||320
|-
|[[Bastervy]] ||''[[Trilepisium madagascariense]]'' ||Bastard fig ||45
|-
|[[Baviaanskloofseder]]||''[[Widdringtonia schwarzii]]'' ||Willowmore cedar||21
|-
|[[Bedfordbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cycadifolius]]'' ||Bedford cycad ||14.14
|-
|[[Beesganna]] ||''[[Salsola arborea]]''||Cattle ganna ||103.2
|-
|[[Bergaalwyn]] ||[[Bergaalwyn|''Aloe marlothii'' subsp. ''marlothii'']] ||Mountain aloe||29.5
|-
|[[Bergbamboes]] ||''[[Bergbambos tessellata]]'' ||Drakensberg bamboo ||21.5
|-
|[[Bergbas]] ||''[[Osyris lanceolata]]'' ||Rock tannin bush ||100
|-
|[[Bergbrandnetel]] ||''[[Obetia tenax]]'' ||Mountain nettle ||70
|-
|[[Bergdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium kuntzeanum]]'' ||Mountain turkey-berry ||708.1
|-
|[[Bergfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea angustifolia]]'' ||Mountain fountain-bush ||226.15
|-
|[[Berggeelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia sericea]]'' ||Mountain wild laburnum ||219.4
|-
|[[Bergghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea coriacea]]'' ||Mountain guarri ||593
|-
|[[Berghardepeer]] ||''[[Olinia emarginata]]''||Mountain hard-pear<br />Transvaal hard-pear||514
|-
|[[Bergkaree]] ||''[[Searsia leptodictya]]'' ||Mountain karree||387
|-
|[[Bergkoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia divaricata]]'' || Mountain kuni-bush ||381.2
|-
|[[Bergmahonie]] ||''[[Entandrophragma caudatum]]''||Mountain mahogany||293
|-
|[[Bergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia phillipsii]]'' ||Mountain ricebush ||145.13
|-
|[[Bergsalie]] ||''[[Buddleja loricata]]'' ||Mountain Sagewood ||636.2
|-
|[[Bergsering]] ||''[[Kirkia wilmsii]]''||Mountain seringa||269
|-
|[[Bergsipres]] ||''[[Widdringtonia nodiflora]]''||Mountain cypress||20
|-
|[[Bergtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. integrifolia]]'' ||Mountain firethorn currant ||392.3
|-
|[[Bergvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena rotundata]]'' ||Mountain silver-oak ||730
|-
|[[Bergverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera frutescens]]''||Mountain Indigo ||226.3
|-
|[[Bergwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella microbracteata]]'' ||Mountain waxberry ||37.2
|-
|[[Bergwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria parvifolia]]'' ||Mountain wild-medlar ||703
|-
|[[Bergwildepiesang]] ||''[[Strelitzia caudata]]''||Transvaal wild banana||33
|-
|[[Bergwitboom]] ||''[[Ehretia alba]]''||White Puzzle-bush||655.5
|-
|[[Besembos]] ||''[[Searsia erosa]]'' ||Broom karee ||383
|-
|[[Besemkraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia fastigiata]]'' ||Broom currant ||383.1
|-
|[[Besemtrosvy]]||''[[Ficus sur]]''||Broom cluster fig||50
|-
|[[Bietou]] ||''[[Osteospermum moniliferum]]'' ||Bush tickberry ||736.1
|-
|[[Bitteraalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe ferox]]'' ||Bitter aloe ||29.2
|-
|[[Bitterblaar]]||''[[Brachylaena elliptica]]''||Bitter leaf||725
|-
|[[Bitterkaree]] ||''[[Searsia marlothii]]'' ||Bitter karee ||389.2
|-
|[[Bittervalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia amara]]''||Bitter false-thorn||149
|-
|[[Blaarbessie]] ||''[[Tapura fischeri]]'' ||Leafberry ||304
|-
|[[Blaasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia luederitzii var. retinens]]'' ||Balloon thorn ||174.1
|-
|[[Bladdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia fleckii]]'' ||Blade thorn ||165
|-
|[[Bleekbassoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia natalitia]]'' ||Pale-bark sweet thorn ||172.1
|-
|[[Blinkblaar]]||''[[Rhamnus prinoides]]''||Dogwood||452
|-
|[[Blinkblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora schimperi]]''||Glossy-leaved corkwood||287
|-
|[[Blinkblaarsuurbessie]] ||''[[Dovyalis lucida]]'' ||Glossy-leaved bitterberry ||508
|-
|[[Blinkblaar-wag-’n-bietjie]]||''[[Ziziphus mucronata]]''||Buffalo-thorn||447
|-
|[[Blinkblaarwitessenhout]]||''[[Bersama lucens]]''||Glossy white ash||439
|-
|[[Blinkbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta kotzei]]''||Glossy Forest Brides-bush||717.3
|-
|[[Blinkfluweelkaree]] ||''[[Searsia quartiniana]]'' ||Glossy velvet karee ||393
|-
|[[Blinkhardebos]] ||''[[Phylica oleifolia]]'' ||Glossy hard-leaf ||453.3
|-
|[[Blinktaaibos]]||''[[Searsia lucida]]''||Glossy wild currant||388.1
|-
|[[Bloedhoutbos]] ||''[[Haematoxylum dinteri]]'' ||Bloodwood-bush ||213.6
|-
|[[Blombos]] ||''[[Metalasia densa]]'' ||Common flowerbush ||735.4
|-
|[[Blosendesuikerbos]] of [[Blosendesuikerbos|pienksuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea stokoei]]'' ||Pink sugarbush ||97.5
|-
|[[Bloubaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora caerulea]]'' ||Blue-barked corkwood ||272.1
|-
|[[Bloubitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos usambarensis]]''||Blue bitterberry||631
|-
|[[Bloublaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora glaucescens]]'' ||Blue-leaved corkwood ||276
|-
|[[Bloublaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia glaucophylla]]'' ||Blue-leaved spike-thorn ||399.6
|-
|[[Bloublaarrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna glauca]]'' ||Blue-leaved plane ||479.3
|-
|[[Bloublaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua decumbens]]'' ||Blue-leaved spiderbush ||133.2
|-
|[[Bloubos]]||''[[Diospyros lycioides]]''||Karoo bluebush||605.2
|-
|[[Bloubotterboom]] ||''[[Tylecodon paniculatus subsp. glaucus]]'' ||Blue botterboom ||743
|-
|[[Bloubroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos nubimontanus]]'' ||Blue cycad ||14.9
|-
|[[Bloughwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea crispa]]''||Mountain guarri||594
|-
|[[Blouhaak]] ||''[[Senegalia erubescens]]''||Blue thorn||164
|-
|[[Blouheuningbos]] ||''[[Freylinia tropica]]'' ||Blue honeybells ||670.3
|-
|[[Bloukoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia glauca]]'' ||Blue kuni-bush ||383.2
|-
|[[Bloulourier]] ||''[[Cryptocarya angustifolia]]'' ||Blue laurel ||112
|-
|[[Baardsuikerbos]] ||''[[Baardsuikerbos|Protea neriifolia]]'' ||Blue sugarbush ||93.1
|-
|[[Blousuurpruim]] ||[[Blousuurpruim|''Ximenia americana'' var. ''america'']] ||Blue sourplum||101.5
|-
|[[Bloutaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia zeyheri]]'' ||Blue crowberry ||396.1
|-
|[[Bloutolbos]] ||''[[Diospyros pallens]]'' ||Blue star-apple ||607.3
|-
|[[Blyderivierbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cupidus]]'' ||Blyde River cycad ||14.13
|-
|[[Blydesuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea laetans]]'' ||Blyde sugarbush ||90.4
|-
|[[Bobbejaankoolbos]] ||''[[Othonna triplinervia]]'' ||Three-veined othonna ||741
|-
|[[Bobbejaankos]] ||''[[Stangeria eriopus]]'' ||Natal grass cycad ||14.21
|-
|[[Boesmansgif]]||''[[Acokanthera oppositifolia]]''||Common poison-bush||639
|-
|[[Boesmansrivierbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos trispinosus]]'' ||Bushman's River cycad ||14.18
|-
|[[Boesmanstee]]||''[[Catha edulis]]''||Bushman's tea||404
|-
|[[Bokbitterappel]] ||''[[Solanum aculeastrum]]''||Goat-apple||669.3
|-
|[[Bokkeveldpoppiesbos]] ||''[[Paranomus bracteolaris]]'' ||Smooth-leaved tree-sceptre ||72.3
|-
|[[Boomaalwyn]]||''[[Aloidendron barberae]]''||Tree aloe||28
|-
|[[Boomranknetel]] ||''[[Urera trinervis]]'' ||tree climbing-nettle ||70.1
|-
|[[Borselaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe rupestris]]'' ||Bottlebrush aloe ||30.3
|-
|[[Bosappelblaar]]||''[[Philenoptera sutherlandii]]''||Forest appleleaf||228
|-
|[[Bosbeesklou]]||''[[Bauhinia tomentosa]]''||Bush neat's foot||208.1
|-
|[[Bosblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya tiliacea]]'' ||Forest wildpear ||472
|-
|[[Bosboerboon]]||''[[Schotia latifolia]]''||Forest boerbean||204
|-
|[[Bosboomvaring]]||''[[Gymnosphaera capensis]]''||Forest tree fern||2
|-
|[[Bosbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta inandensis]]'' ||Forest bride’s bush ||718
|-
|[[Bosdoringklipels]]||''[[Canthium inerme]]''||Common turkey-berry||708
|-
|[[Bosgeelmelkhout]]||''[[Garcinia gerrardii]]''||Forest mangosteen||485
|-
|[[Boshardepeer]]||''[[Olinia radiata]]''||Forest hard-pear||515
|-
|[[Bosjakkalskoffie]]||''[[Tricalysia capensis]]''||Forest jackal-coffee||698
|-
|[[Bosjesmansbrood]] ||''[[Encephalartos afer]]'' ||Grahamstown cycad ||14.11
|-
|[[Boskamhout]]||''[[Baphia racemosa]]''||Natal camwood||224
|-
|[[Boskanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada procera]]'' ||Forest canaryberry ||339
|-
|[[Boskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora woodii]]''||Forest corkwood||291
|-
|[[Boskasieboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum padoides]]'' ||Thicket bushwillow ||534.1
|-
|[[Boskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia thunbergia]]''||Forest gardena<br />White gardenia||692
|-
|[[Boskiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia sphaerocephala]]''||Natal forest cabbage tree||564.2
|-
|[[Bosklouterboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum edwardsii]]'' ||Forest climbing bushwillow ||534.2
|-
|[[Boskokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus deflexa]]'' ||Forest kokotree ||402.9
|-
|[[Boskoorsbessie]]||''[[Croton sylvaticus]]''||Forest fever-berry||330
|-
|[[Boskoorsboom]]||''[[Anthocleista grandiflora]]''||Forest fever tree||632
|-
|[[Boskranses]]||''[[Atalaya natalensis]]''||Natal krantz ash||429
|-
|[[Boslaventelboom]]||''[[Heteropyxis canescens]]''||Forest lavender tree||454
|-
|[[Boslepelhout]]||''[[Cassine peragua]]''||Mountain saffron||414
|-
|[[Bosmelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara discolor]]''||Forest milkberry||588
|-
|[[Bosmelkhout]]||''[[Vitellariopsis marginata]]''||Natal bush milkwood||590
|-
|[[Bosmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia natalitia]]''||Common forest myrtle||553.2
|-
|[[Bosnanabessie]] ||''[[Searsia grandidens]]''||Sharp-toothed currant ||381.3
|-
|[[Bosolienhout]]||''[[Olea woodiana]]''||Forest olive||620
|-
|[[Bospaddaboom]]||''[[Tabernaemontana ventricosa]]''||Forest toad tree||645
|-
|[[Bospeper]] of [[Bospeper|wildepeper]] ||''[[Piper capense]]'' ||Wild pepper ||34.5
|-
|[[Bosperske]]||''[[Rawsonia lucida]]''||Forest peach||491
|-
|[[Bospoubessie]]||''[[Margaritaria discoidea var. fagifolia]]''||Forest peacockberry||310
|-
|[[Bosrooiessenhout]]||''[[Trichilia dregeana]]''||Forest mahogany||300
|-
|[[Bosrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna arborea var. oconnorii]]'' ||Forest plane ||482
|-
|[[Bosrooimelkhout]]||''[[Mimusops obovata]]''||Red milkwood||584
|-
|[[Bosrooivingers]] ||''[[Xylopia gracilipes]]'' ||Forest redfingers ||109
|-
|[[Bosrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia lasiocarpa]]''||Forest raisin||461
|-
|[[Bossaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron croceum]]''||Small-leaved saffron||415
|-
|[[Bosstamvrug]]||''[[Chrysophyllum viridifolium]]''||Fluted milkwood||580
|-
|[[Bostaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia chirindensis]]''||Red currant||380
|-
|[[Bosvaalbos]] ||[[Bosvaalbos|''Brachylaena discolor'' var. ''transvaalensis'']] ||Woodland silver oak||731
|-
|[[Bosvaderlandswilg]] ||''[[Combretum kraussii]]''||Forest bushwillow||540
|-
|[[Bosvalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha glabrata]]''||Forest mock nettle||335.1
|-
|[[Bosvalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia verrucosa]]'' ||False forest spikethorn ||403.2
|-
|[[Bosveldboekenhout]] ||''[[Faurea saligna]]''||Transvaal beech||75
|-
|[[Bosveldhalfmaanranker]] ||''[[Cocculus hirsutus]]'' || Python climber ||104.6
|-
|[[Bosveldharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa paniculosa]]''||Broad-leaved resin tree||375
|-
|[[Bosveldkandelaarnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia cooperi]]''||Bushveld candelabra tree||346
|-
|[[Bosveldkatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia volkensii]]''||Transvaal gardenia||691.1
|-
|[[Bosveldklipels]]||''[[Psydrax livida]]''||Green quar||713
|-
|[[Bosveldpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia mossambicensis]]'' ||Black forest spike-thorn ||399.10
|-
|[[Bosveldpoubessie]]||''[[Margaritaria discoidea var. nitida]]''||Bushveld peacockberry||310.1
|-
|[[Bosveldrooiklapperbos]] ||''[[Erythrophysa transvaalensis]]''||Transvaal red balloon||436.2
|-
|[[Bosveldsaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron transvaalense]]''||Condiment saffron||416
|-
|[[Bosveldvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia harveyi]]''||Common false-thorn||155
|-
|[[Bosveldwitklokke]]||''[[Rothmannia fischeri]]''||Cape gardenia||694
|-
|[[Bosveldwitysterhout]]||''[[Vepris reflexa]]''||Bushveld white ironwood||260
|-
|[[Bosverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera natalensis]]''||Forest Indigo||226.6
|-
|[[Bosvlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum paniculatum]]'' ||Forest flamecreeper ||545.3
|-
|[[Bosvlier]]||''[[Nuxia floribunda]]''||Forest elder||634
|-
|[[Bosvy]]||''[[Ficus craterostoma]]''||Forest fig||52
|-
|[[Boswaterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium gerrardii]]''||Forest waterwood||556
|-
|[[Boswitsuikerbos]] ||''[[Boswitsuikerbos|Protea mundii]]''|| Forest white sugarbush || 93
|-
|[[Bosysterpruim]]||''[[Drypetes gerrardii]]''||Forest ironplum||314
|-
|[[Botrivierheuningklokkies]] ||''[[Freylinia helmei]]'' ||Bot River honeybells ||670.6
|-
|[[Botriviersuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea compacta]]'' ||Bot River sugarbush || 87.1
|-
|[[Bottelboom]]||''[[Pachypodium lealii]]''||Bottle tree||648
|-
|[[Botterboom]]||''[[Tylecodon paniculatus]]''||Butter tree||137.1
|-
|[[Botterklapper]]||''[[Strychnos madagascariensis]]''||Black monkey orange||626
|-
|[[Braamtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia batophylla]]'' ||Bramble currant ||377.3
|-
|[[Brakdoring]] ||[[Vachellia robusta subsp. clavigera]] ||Narrow-pod robust thorn thorn ||183.1
|-
|[[Brandbergdoring]] ||[[Senegalia montis-usti]] ||Brandberg thorn ||177
|-
|[[Bredasdorpsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea obtusifolia]]'' ||Bredasdorp protea ||94
|-
|[[Breëblaarboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea rochetiana]]''||Broad-leaved beech||76
|-
|[[Breëblaarharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa obovata]]'' ||Broad-leaved resin tree ||374
|-
|[[Breëblaarkanferbos]] ||''[[Tarchonanthus trilobus var. galpinii]]'' ||Broad-leaved camphorbush ||734
|-
|[[Breëblaarklipels]] ||''[[Afrocanthium pseudorandii]]'' ||Mottled-bark rock-alder ||709.2
|-
|[[Breëblaarkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina latissima]]''||Broad-leaved coral tree||244
|-
|[[Breëblaarkweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya latifolia]]''||Broad-leaved quince||113
|-
|[[Breëblaarpluisbos]] ||''[[Lopholaena platyphylla]]'' || Broad-leaved fluff bush||738.1
|-
|[[Breëblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea eximia]]'' ||Broad-leaf sugarbush ||88.3
|-
|[[Breëblaarveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne ovalifolia]]''||Broad-leaved fibre-bush ||517.5
|-
|[[Breëblaarwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella pilulifera]]'' ||Broad-leaved waxberry ||37
|-
|[[Breëblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia mossambicensis]]'' ||Broad-leaved shepherd tree ||127
|-
|[[Breekhout]]||''[[Alberta magna]]''||Magnificent flame bush||701
|-
|[[Breëpeulvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia forbesii]]''||Broad-pod false-thorn<br />Broad-pod albizia||154
|-
|[[Breëriviergeelhout]]||''[[Podocarpus elongatus]]''||Breede River yellowwood||15
|-
|[[Brosblaar]]||''[[Galpinia transvaalica]]''||Transvaal privet||523
|-
|[[Brosdoring]] ||''[[Phaeoptilum spinosum]]'' ||Brittle thorn ||103.7
|-
|[[Bruinaalwyn]] of [[Bruinaalwyn|wolkbergaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe dolomitica]]'' of ook soms ''[[Aloe vryheidensis]]'' ||Brown aloe<br />Wolkberg aloe ||29.1
|-
|[[Bruinivoor]]||''[[Berchemia discolor]]''||Brown ivory||449
|-
|[[Bruinstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora giessii]]'' ||Brown-stemmed corkwood || 275.5
|-
|[[Bruinysterhout]] ||''[[Homalium dentatum]]''||Brown ironwood||501
|-
|[[Bubuvy]] ||''[[Ficus bubu]]'' ||Bubu fig ||56
|-
|[[Buig-my-nie]]||''[[Buxus macowanii]]''||Cape box||358
|-
|[[Bukshardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica buxifolia]]'' ||Box hard-leaf ||453.1
|-
|[[Clanwilliamaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe comosa]]'' ||Clanwilliam aloe ||28.7
|-
|[[Clanwilliamseder]]||''[[Widdringtonia cedarbergensis]]''||Clanwilliam cedar||19
|-
|[[Damarakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora crenato-serrata]]'' ||Damara corkwood ||274
|-
|[[Delagoadoring]]||''[[Senegalia welwitschii]]''||Delagoa thorn<br />Hairy umbrella thorn||163
|-
|[[Deurmekaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia rigida]]''||Puzzle bush||657
|-
|[[Dikbas]]||''[[Lannea discolor]]''||Live-long||362
|-
|[[Dikblaarbosmirt]] ||''[[Eugenia umtamvunensis]]'' ||Thick-leaved myrtleberry ||553.6
|-
|[[Dikblaargroenappel]] ||''[[Monodora junodii|Monodora junodii var. macrantha]]'' ||Thick-leave green-apple ||107.2
|-
|[[Disseldoring]] ||''[[Berkheya chamaepeuce]]'' ||Tree thistle thorn ||742
|-
|[[Donkievy]] ||''[[Mestoklema arboriforme]]'' ||Donkey mesemb ||103.6
|-
|[[Donsiebos]] ||''[[Senecio barbertonicus]]'' || Barberton groundsel ||738.5
|-
|[[Dopperkiaat]]||''[[Pterocarpus rotundifolius]]''||Round-leaved teak||237
|-
|[[Doppruim]]||''[[Pappea capensis]]''||Jacket-plum||433
|-
|[[Doringbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos horridus]]'' ||Eastern Cape blue cycad ||14.15
|-
|[[Doringkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora glandulosa]]''||Tall common corkwood||285.1
|-
|[[Doringkatjiepiering]]||''[[Hyperacanthus amoenus]]''||Thorny gardenia||690
|-
|[[Doringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium spinosum]]'' ||Thorny turkeyberry ||707
|-
|[[Doringolm]]||''[[Chaetacme aristata]]''||Thorny elm||43
|-
|[[Doringpeer]]||''[[Scolopia zeyheri]]''||Thorn pear||498
|-
|[[Doringrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca berberidea]]''||Prickly redberry||332.1
|-
|[[Doringtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia longispina]]'' ||Spiny currant ||388
|-
|[[Doringvalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha sonderiana]]'' ||Thorny false nettle ||335.2
|-
|[[Dorinkiedoring]] ||''[[Senegalia brevispica subsp. dregeana]]'' ||Prickly thorn ||160.2
|-
|[[Dorre haakdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia hereroensis]]'' ||Arid hook thorn ||171
|-
|[[Drakensbergboomheide]] ||''[[Erica dracomontana]]'' || Dragon heath ||574.2
|-
|[[Drakensbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ghellinckii]]''||Drakensberg cycad ||5
|-
|[[Drakensbergkaree]] ||''[[Searsia montana]]'' ||Drakensberg karee ||384.1
|-
|[[Drakensbergpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia devenishii]]'' ||Drakensberg spike-thorn ||399.5
|-
|[[Drakensbergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia repens]]'' ||Drakensberg ricebush ||145.15
|-
|[[Driedoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum trichotomum]]'' ||Three-thorn rhigozum ||676.1
|-
|[[Driehaakdoring]]||''[[Senegalia senegal var. rostrata]]''||Bushy three-hooked thorn||185.1
|-
|[[Drietandkanferbos]]||''[[Tarchonanthus trilobus]]''||Trident camphortree||735
|-
|[[Dubbelkroonboom]]||''[[Julbernardia globiflora]]''||African munondo||207.1
|-
|[[Duikerbessie]] ||''[[Sclerocroton integerrimus]]'' ||Duiker-berry tallow-tree||343
|-
|[[Duinbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos arenarius]]'' ||Alexandria cycad ||3.2
|-
|[[Duinebessie]] ||''[[Muraltia scoparia]]'' ||Duneberry ||303.3
|-
|[[Duinebruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta revoluta]]''||Dune bride's bush||720
|-
|[[Duineganna]] ||''[[Duineganna|Salsola nollothensis]]'' ||Dune ganna ||103.9
|-
|[[Duinegeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron coniferum]]'' ||Dune conebush ||82
|-
|[[Duineghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea racemosa]]''||Dune guarri<br />Sea guarri||599.3
|-
|[[Duinegifboom]] ||''[[Acokanthera oblongifolia]]'' ||Dune poison-bush||638
|-
|[[Duinekokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus procumbens]]'' ||Dune koko tree ||401.1
|-
|[[Duinekraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia crenata]]'' ||Dune crowberry ||380.1
|-
|[[Duinekriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium ferocissimum]]'' ||Dune honeythorn ||669.11
|-
|[[Duinemirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia capensis]]''||Dune myrtle||553.1
|-
|[[Duine-olienhout]] ||''[[Olea exasperata]]'' ||Dune olive ||619
|-
|[[Duinependoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia arenicola]]'' ||Dune spike-thorn ||399.4
|-
|[[Duineseepbessie]]||''[[Deinbollia oblongifolia]]''||Dune soap-berry||430
|-
|[[Duinesoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia kosiensis]]'' ||Dune sweet thorn ||172.2
|-
|[[Duinesterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros rotundifolia]]'' ||Dune star-apple ||608
|-
|[[Duinesuurbessie]] ||''[[Dovyalis rotundifolia]]'' ||Dune sourberry ||510
|-
|[[Duinesybas]]||''[[Robsonodendron maritimum]]'' ||Dune mock silky-bark ||413.1
|-
|[[Duinetaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia laevigata]]'' ||Dune currant ||385.2
|-
|[[Duinevalstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus natalensis]]''||Dune false currant||426
|-
|[[Duinewasbessie]] ||''[[Morella cordifolia]]'' ||Dune waxberry ||37.1
|-
|[[Dunblaarfonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea glabra]]'' || Narrow-leaf fountain-bush ||226.9
|-
|[[Dwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis afra]]'' ||Dwababerry ||107.1
|-
|[[Dwergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos humilis]]'' ||Dwarf cycad ||14.16
|-
|[[Dwergpruimbas]] ||''[[Osyris speciosa]]'' ||Cape sumach ||100.1
|-
|[[Dwergvy]] ||''[[Ficus pygmaea]]'' || Dwarf fig ||50.2
|-
|[[Dwergwolftoon]] ||''[[Dwergwolftoon|Portulacaria fruticulosa]]'' ||Dwarf porkbush ||104.2
|-
|[[Ebbehoutghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea pseudebenus]]''||Ebony tree<br />Black ebony||598
|-
|[[Ebutsinidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia ebutsiniorum]]'' ||Ebutsini thorn ||163.5
|-
|[[Eikeblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora wildii]]'' ||Oak-leaved corkwoord ||290.1
|-
|[[Enkelblaarkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia natalensis]]''||Rock cabbage tree||562
|-
|[[Enkeldoring]]||''[[Vachellia robusta]] subps. robusta''||Ankle thorn<br />Splendid thorn<br />Brack thorn<br />Broad-pod robust thorn||183
|-
|[[Enkeldoringnoemnoem]]||''[[Carissa spinarum]]''||Simple-spine carissa<br />Conkerberry<br />Arabian num-num||640.4
|-
|[[Enkelgroendoring]]||''[[Balanites aegyptiaca]]''||Desert date<br />Egyptian balsam||251.1
|-
|[[Ertjiehout]] ||''[[Craibia zimmermannii]]'' ||Peawood ||229
|-
|[[Essenhout]]||''[[Ekebergia capensis]]''||Cape ash||298
|-
|[[Fluweelboswilg]]||''[[Combretum molle]]''||Velvet bushwillow||537
|-
|[[Fluweelkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora mollis]]''||Velvet corkwood||280
|-
|[[Fluweelkaree]] ||''[[Searsia engleri]]'' ||Velvet karee ||382
|-
|[[Fluweelklipels]]||''[[Afrocanthium gilfillanii]]''||Velvet rockalder||706
|-
|[[Fluweelrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca menyharthii]]''||Velvet redberry||332.3
|-
|[[Fluweelsoetbessie]]||''[[Bridelia mollis]]''||Velvet sweetberry||325
|-
|[[Fluweelvrughardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica purpurea]]'' ||Velvet-fruited/hardleaf ||453.5
|-
|[[Fluweelvrugzanha]]||''[[Zanha africana]]''||Velvet-fruit zanha||438.5
|-
|[[Fonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea aphylla]]'' || Leafless fountain-bush ||226.8
|-
|[[Fransaalwyn]]||''[[Aloe pluridens]]''||French aloe||30.1
|-
|[[Fynbauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia natalensis]]''||Dainty bauhinia||208.5
|-
|[[Fynbitterblaar]]||''[[Brachylaena ilicifolia]]''||Small bitter-leaf||728
|-
|[[Fynblaarboerboon]] ||''[[Schotia afra var. angustifolia]]'' ||Small-leaved boerbean||201.1
|-
|[[Fynblaarbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta zeyheri]]'' ||Small-leaved bride’s bush ||722
|-
|[[Fynblaarbruinysterhout]] ||''[[Homalium rufescens]]'' ||Small-leaved brown-ironwood||502
|-
|[[Fynblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kraeuseliana]]'' ||Feather-leaved corkwoord ||277.5
|-
|[[Fynblaarrooihout]]||''[[Ochna serrulata]]''||Small-leaved plane||479.1
|-
|[[Fynblaarwildemoerbei]]||''[[Trimeria trinervis]] ||Small-leaved wild mulberry||504
|-
|[[Fynbossterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros glabra]]'' ||Blueberry bush ||603.1
|-
|[[Fyndoring]] ||''[[Vachellia tenuispina]]'' ||Turf thorn ||187.3
|-
|[[Gamtooskiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia gamtoosensis]]'' ||Gamtoos cabbage tree||565.2
|-
|[[Gannabos]] of [[Gannabos|seepganna]] ||''[[Salsola aphylla]]'' ||Lye ganna ||103.3
|-
|[[Gariepbauhinia]]||''[[Adenolobus garipensis]]''||Blue neat's foot||208
|-
|[[Gariepharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa namaquensis]]''||Gariep resin tree ||373.2
|-
|[[Gariepkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora gariepensis]]'' ||Gariep corkwoord ||275.3
|-
|[[Gariepkaree]] ||''[[Searsia populifolia]]'' ||Gariep karee ||391.1
|-
|[[Garieppendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia gariepensis]]'' ||Gariep spike-thorn ||401.5
|-
|[[Garieppronkstert]] ||''[[Gelrebia bracteata]]'' ||Gariep plumeflower ||214.1
|-
|[[Gariepsmalblaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia linearis subsp. lanceolata]]'' ||Gariep narrow-leaved spike-thorn ||401.10
|-
|[[Geelbauhinia]] ||''[[Bauhinia tomentosa]]'' ||Yellow bauhinia ||208.1
|-
|[[Geelbitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos mitis]]'' ||Yellow bitterberry ||627
|-
|[[Geelblomvoëlbessie]]||''[[Psychotria capensis]]''||Bird-berry||723
|-
|[[Geeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum obovatum]]'' ||Yellow pomegranate ||675
|-
|[[Geelhout]]||''[[Podocarpus latifolius]]''||Real yellowwood||18
|-
|[[Geelkeurboom]]||''[[Calpurnia aurea]]''||Natal laburnum||219
|-
|[[Geelpapierkelk]]||''[[Monotes glaber]]''||Palefruit monotes||486.5
|-
|[[Geelpistoolbos]] ||''[[Justicia aconitiflora]]'' ||Lemon pistol-bush ||681.2
|-
|[[Geelskulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria citrina]]'' ||Yellow shell-flower bush ||672.1
|-
|[[Geelsuikerbos]] of [[Geelsuikerbos|geelsuikerkan]] ||[[Geelsuikerbos|''Protea aurea'' subsp. ''aurea'']] ||Common shuttlecock sugarbush ||90.3
|-
|[[Geelwortelboom]]||''[[Steganotaenia araliacea]]''||Carrot tree||569
|-
|[[Geneesblaarboom]] ||''[[Solanum giganteum]]''||Healing-leaf tree||669.4
|-
|[[Gewone bruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta gardeniifolia var. gardeniifolia]]'' ||Common bride’s bush ||716
|-
|[[Gewone drolpeer]] ||''[[Dombeya rotundifolia]]''||Common wild pear||471
|-
|[[Gewone ghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea undulata]]''||Common guarri||601
|-
|[[Gewone haakdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia afra]]''||Common hook-thorn||162
|-
|[[Gewone hardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica paniculata]]''||Common hard-leaf||453.2
|-
|[[Gewone kanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada africana]]'' ||Common canaryberry ||338
|-
|[[Gewone kanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora pyracanthoides]]'' ||Firethorn corkwood ||285
|-
|[[Gewone kraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia pentheri]]''||Common crow-berry||391
|-
|[[Gewone luisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum cuneiforme]]'' ||Wart-stemmed pincushion ||84.2
|-
|[[Gewone protea]] of [[Gewone protea|gewone suikerbos]] ||[[Gewone protea|''Protea afra'' subsp. ''afra'']]||Common sugarbush||87
|-
|[[Gewone taaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides]]''||Common wildcurrant<br />||392
|-
|[[Gewone wildekweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya transvaalensis]]'' ||Mountain wild-quince ||114
|-
|[[Gewone wildepietersieliebos]]||''[[Heteromorpha arborescens]]''||Parsley-tree<br />Parsnip-tree||568
|-
|[[Gewone wildevy]]||''[[Ficus burkei]]''||Common wild fig||48
|-
|[[Gifbergboomvygie]] ||''[[Stoeberia giftbergensis]]'' ||Gifberg tree-vygie ||756
|-
|[[Gifbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta schumanniana]]'' ||Poison bride’s bush ||721
|-
|[[Gifolyf]]||''[[Peddiea africana]]''||Poison-olive||517
|-
|[[Gifsterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros dichrophylla]] ''||Poison star-apple ||603
|-
|[[Gladblaarbaakhout]]||''[[Greyia sutherlandii]]''||Natal bottlebrush||446
|-
|[[Gladdeblaarwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria madagascariensis]]'' ||Smooth-leaved wild-medlar ||702.1
|-
|[[Gladdeblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya cymosa]]''||Natal wild pear||469
|-
|[[Gladdekola]]||''[[Cola natalensis]]''||Coshwood||478
|-
|[[Gladderankwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua juncea supsp. juncea]]'' ||Smooth climbing spiderbush ||133.6
|-
|[[Gladdeslapmispel]]||''[[Vangueria lasiantha]]''||Natal medlar||705
|-
|[[Gladdesuurpruim]] ||''[[Ximenia afra var natalensis]]'' ||Smooth-twigged sourplum ||103.1
|-
|[[Gladdeveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne subcordata]]''||Smooth fibre-bush||519
|-
|[[Glansrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia vernicosa]]''||Glossy raisinbush||463.11
|-
|[[Gordoniavalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia saxatilis]]'' ||Gordonia false spikethorn ||403.4
|-
|[[Goueklokkiesboontjieboom]] ||''[[Markhamia obtusifolia]]'' ||Golden bell-bean ||677.1
|-
|[[Gouetee]]||''[[Aspalathus pendula]]'' || Golden tea ||225.11
|-
|[[Gouevingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex patula]]'' ||Gold fingerleaf ||662
|-
|[[Granietvy]] ||[[Granietvy|''Ficus natalensis'' subsp. ''granitticola'']] ||Granite fig ||56.5
|-
|[[Graskopaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe alooides]]'' ||Graskop aloe ||28.3
|-
|[[Grasveldboomvaring]] ||''[[Cyathea dregei]]'' ||Common tree fern ||1
|-
|[[Grasveldrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna confusa]]'' ||Grassland plane ||479.4
|-
|[[Griekwakokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus ilicina]]'' ||Griqua kokotree ||398.5
|-
|[[Griekwasuurkaree]] ||''[[Searsia tridactyla]]'' ||Griqua sour karee ||394.2
|-
|[[Groefbasboomheide]] ||''[[Erica canaliculata]]'' ||Grooved-bark tree erica ||573.1
|-
|[[Groefstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora karibensis]] ''||Angular-stemmed corkwoord ||277.2
|-
|[[Groenappel]] ||''[[Monodora junodii var. junodii]]'' ||Green apple ||107
|-
|[[Groenblaarwurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba natalensis]]'' ||Green-leaved worm bush ||129.1
|-
|[[Groenblomtolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron loranthifolium]]'' ||Green-flower conebush ||81.5
|-
|[[Groendoring]]||''[[Balanites maughamii]]''||Green thorn||251
|-
|[[Groenharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa concolor]]'' ||Green resin tree ||369.1
|-
|[[Groenhofiesuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea coronata]]'' ||Green sugarbush ||91.1
|-
|[[Groenklapper]] ||''[[Strychnos spinosa]]''||Green monkey orange||629
|-
|[[Groenkreupelhout]] ||[[Groenkreupelhout|''Leucospermum conocarpodendron'' subsp. ''viridum'']] ||Green pincushion ||84.1
|-
|[[Groenstamkanniedood]]|| ''[[Commiphora neglecta]]''||Green-stem corkwood||283
|-
|[[Grootblaardrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena aletriformis]]''||Large-leaved dragon tree||30.9
|-
|[[Grootblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora anacardiifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved corkwood ||271
|-
|[[Grootblaarlaventelboom]] ||''[[Heteropyxis dehniae]]''||Large-leaved lavender tree||455.1
|-
|[[Grootblaarmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia erythrophylla]]''||Large-leaved myrtle||553.3
|-
|[[Grootblaarpieringbessie]] ||''[[Cordia africana]]''||Large-leaved saucer-berry||651
|-
|[[Grootblaarrotsvy]] ||''[[Ficus abutilifolia]]''||Large-leaved rock fig||63
|-
|[[Grootblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia grandifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved ricebush ||145.4
|-
|[[Grootblaarsekelbos]] ||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. nyassana]]''||Large-leaved sicklebush<br />African sicklebush||190.1
|-
|[[Grootblaarsterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia quinqueloba]]''||Large-leaved-chestnut||476
|-
|[[Grootblaaruiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea gummiflua]]''||Large-leaved onionwood||530
|-
|[[Grootblaarvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia versicolor]]''||Large-leaved false-thorn||158
|-
|[[Grootblomkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium amoenum]]'' ||Large-flower honeythorn ||669.6
|-
|[[Grootblompendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia putterlickioides]]'' ||Large-flowered spike-thorn ||402.1
|-
|[[Grootgeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron eucalyptifolium]]'' ||Gum-leaved conebush ||81
|-
|[[Groothaakbessie]] || ''[[Artabotrys brachypetalus]]'' ||Large hook-berry ||105.1
|-
|[[Grootmirting]] ||''[[Myrsine pillansii]]'' ||Large cape myrtle ||577.2
|-
|[[Grootnoemnoem]]||''[[Carissa macrocarpa]]''||Big num-num||640.3
|-
|[[Grootsuikerbos]] of [[Grootsuikerbos|witsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea gaguedi]]'' ||African sugarbush ||89
|-
|[[Grootvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena uniflora]]'' ||Tall silver-oak ||732
|-
|[[Grootvalsmopanie]] ||''[[Guibourtia coleosperma]]'' ||Large copalwood ||199
|-
|[[Grootvrugbospendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia grandifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved forest spike-thorn ||399.7
|-
|[[Grootvrugpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia oxycarpa]]'' ||Large-fruited spike-thorn ||401.9
|-
|[[Grootvrugtrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria lucida]]'' ||Large-fruited clusterpear ||108.2
|-
|[[Grootvrugtrosvy]] ||[[Grootvrugtrosvy|''Ficus sycomorus'' subsp. ''gnaphalocarpa'']] ||Large-fruited sycamore fig ||66.1
|-
|[[Growweblaarkatsnorbosse]] ||''[[Rotheca myricoides]]''||Blueflower tinderwood||667.1
|-
|[[Growweblaarpieringbessie]] ||''[[Cordia ovalis]]''||Satinbark saucerbush<br />Snot berry||654
|-
|[[Growweblaarstinkhout]] ||''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' ||False white stinkwood ||40
|-
|[[Growweblaartaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia refracta]]'' ||Thorny crow-berry ||389.1
|-
|[[Growwelaventelkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton menyharthii]]'' ||Rough-leaved croton ||329.2
|-
|[[Growwerankwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua juncea supsp. crustata]]'' ||Crusty climbing spiderbush ||133.5
|-
|[[Grysappel]] ||''[[Parinari curatellifolia]]'' ||Mobola plum ||146
|-
|[[Gryskokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus albata]]'' ||Grey kokotree ||401.3
|-
|[[Haak-en-steek]]||''[[Vachellia tortilis subsp. heteracantha]]''||Umbrella thorn||188
|-
|[[Halfmens]]||''[[Pachypodium namaquanum]]''||Elephant's trunk||649
|-
|[[Hangvrugkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora zanzibarica]]'' ||Pendant-fruit corkwood ||291.1
|-
|[[Hardekool]]||''[[Combretum imberbe]]''||Leadwood||539
|-
|[[Hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia ventosa]]''||Hardpear||513
|-
|[[Harige doringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium ciliatum]]'' ||Hairy turkeyberry ||709
|-
|[[Harige ghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea natalensis]]''||Natal guarri<br />Natal ebony|| 597
|-
|[[Harige haak-en-steek]]||''[[Vachellia tortilis subsp. spirocarpa]]''||Hairy umbrella thorn||188.1
|-
|[[Harige kanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora africana]]''||Hairy corkwood||270
|-
|[[Harige kusbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta bowkeri]]'' ||Hairy coastal bride’s bush ||719.1
|-
|[[Harige mirtebessie]] ||''[[Eugenia woodii]]''||Mountain myrtle||553.4
|-
|[[Harige pendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia pubescens]]'' ||Hairy spike-thorn ||402.4
|-
|[[Harige perdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum humile]]'' ||Hairy knobwood||255
|-
|[[Harige rotsvy]]||''[[Ficus glumosa]]''||Mountain fig||64
|-
|[[Harige Sekhukhunedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia robbertsei]]'' ||Hairy Sekhukhune thorn ||172.4
|-
|[[Harige septerboom]] ||''[[Paranomus tomentosus]]'' ||Hairy-leaved tree sceptre ||72.5
|-
|[[Harige witgat]] ||''[[Boscia tomentosa]]'' || Hairy shepherd's tree ||127.1
|-
|[[Harpuiskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia resiniflua]]''||Resin gardenia||690.2
|-
|[[Hartblaarvy]] ||[[Hartblaarvy|''Ficus polita'' subsp. ''polita'']] ||Heart-leaved fig ||59
|-
|[[Heideblaargeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron ericifolium]]'' ||Erica-leaved conebush || 80
|-
|[[Heilige Venda-bamboes]] ||''[[Oxytenanthera abyssinica]]'' ||Holy Venda bamboo ||21.6
|-
|[[Helikopterboom]]||''[[Gyrocarpus americanus]]''||Propeller tree||120
|-
|[[Hemelbesemdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia robynsiana]]'' ||Whipstick thorn ||184
|-
|[[Henkel-se-geelhout]] ||''[[Podocarpus henkelii]]''||Henkel's yellowwood||17
|-
|[[Hereroharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa hereroensis]]'' ||Herero resin tree ||371.3
|-
|[[Hererosesambos]]||''[[Sesamothamnus guerichii]]'' ||Herero sesame-bush||679
|-
|[[Heuningboomheide]] ||''[[Erica caterviflora]]'' ||Tree heath ||574
|-
|[[Heuningklokkiesbos]] ||''[[Freylinia lanceolata]]'' ||Honey bells ||670.1
|-
|[[Heuningnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia tetragona]]''||Honey euphorbia||354
|-
|[[Hikklimop]] ||''[[Combretum bracteosum]]'' ||Hiccupnut ||532.2
|-
|[[Hoedespeldlukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus pyriformis]]''||Natal wildloquat||696.2
|-
|[[Hoëveldkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia paniculata]]''||Small mountain cabbage||563.1
|-
|[[Hophout]]||''[[Trema orientalis]]''||Pigeonwood||42
|-
|[[Horingdoring]]||''[[Vachellia grandicornuta]]''||Horned thorn||168.1
|-
|[[Horingpeultjieboom]]||''[[Diplorhynchus condylocarpon]]''||Horn-pod tree||643
|-
|[[Huilboerboon]]||''[[Schotia brachypetala]]''||Weeping boerbean||202
|-
|[[Huilboom]]||''[[Peltophorum africanum]]''||Weeping wattle<br />Black wattle<br />African-wattle||215
|-
|[[Impalalelie]]||''[[Adenium multiflorum]]''||Impala lily||647.3
|-
|[[Indiese wortelboom]] ||''[[Ceriops tagal]]'' ||Indian mangrove ||525
|-
|[[iSimangaliso-wildeappelkoos]] ||''[[Dovyalis revoluta]]'' ||iSimangaliso wild apricot ||760
|-
|[[Jakkalsbessie]]||''[[Diospyros mespiliformis]]''||Jackalberry||606
|-
|[[Jankoensedoring]] ||''[[Cliffortia ilicifolia]]'' ||Holly-leaved ricebush ||145.10
|-
|[[Jasmynkatjiepiering]] ||''[[Heinsia crinita subsp. parviflora]]'' ||Jasmine-gardenia ||700.2
|-
|[[Jeukpeul]] ||''[[Cnestis polyphylla]]'' ||Itchpod ||147.1
|-
|[[Jozinibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos senticosus]]'' || Jozini cycad ||8
|-
|[[Kaapboekenhout]]||''[[Rapanea melanophloeos]]''||Cape beech||578
|-
|[[Kaapse boomheide]]||''[[Erica tristis]]''||False Cape tree heath||575.1
|-
|[[Kaapse fonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea axillaris]]'' ||Cape fountainbush||226.16
|-
|[[Kaapse hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia capensis]]''||Hard pear||513.1
|-
|[[Kaapse kanferfoelie]]||''[[Tecoma capensis]]''||Cape honeysuckle||673.1
|-
|[[Kaapse kiaat]]||''[[Strychnos decussata]]''||Cape teak||624
|-
|[[Kaapse kokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus lucida]]'' ||Cape kokotree ||401.2
|-
|[[Kaapse kranses]]||''[[Atalaya capensis]]''||Cape krantz ash||428
|-
|[[Kaapse kuskiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia thyrsiflora]]''||Cape coast cabbage tree||565
|-
|[[Kaapse kwar]] ||''[[Psydrax capensis]]'' ||Cape quar ||747
|-
|[[Kaapse kweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya woodii]]''||Cape quince||116
|-
|[[Kaapse sterkastaiing]] ||''[[Sterculia alexandri]]'' || Cape star-chestnut ||473
|-
|[[Kaapse stokroos]]||''[[Sparrmannia africana]]''||Cape Hollyhock||457
|-
|[[Kaapse swarthout]] ||''[[Maytenus peduncularis]]'' ||Cape blackwood ||401
|-
|[[Kaapse uiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea flanaganii]]'' || Cape onionwood ||528
|-
|[[Kaapse vaderlandsboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum afrum]]'' ||Cape bushwillow ||533
|-
|[[Kaapse wildepiesang]]||''[[Strelitzia alba]]''||Cape wild banana||32
|-
|[[Kaapse witpeer]] ||''[[Apodytes geldenhuysii]]'' ||Cape White Pear ||422.2
|-
|[[Kaiingsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea glabra]]'' ||Clanwilliam sugarbush ||89.1
|-
|[[Kaapsehoopbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos laevifolius]]'' ||Kaapsehoop cycad ||6
|-
|[[Kalahari-appelblaar]] ||''[[Philenoptera nelsii]]'' ||Kalahari appleleaf||239
|-
|[[Kalaharibauhinia]] ||''[[Bauhinia macrantha]]'' ||Kalahari bauhinia||208.3
|-
|[[Kalaharidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia luederitzii var. luederitzii]]'' ||Kalahari thorn ||174
|-
|[[Kalaharigeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum brevispinosum]]'' ||Kalahari yellowthorn ||674
|-
|[[Kalahariharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa schinzii]]'' || Kalahari resin tree ||376.5
|-
|[[Kalaharikoedoebessie]] ||''[[Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia var. dekindtii]] ||Kalahari kuduberry ||308.1
|-
|[[Kalaharipeulbessie]] ||''[[Dialium englerianum]]'' ||Kalahari podberry ||210
|-
|[[Kalaharirooivingers]] ||''[[Xylopia odoratissima]]'' ||Kalahari redfingers ||110
|-
|[[Kalaharitaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia tenuinervis]]'' ||Rolled-leaf currant ||393.2
|-
|[[Kalahariwildemispel]]||''[[Vangueria cyanescens]]''||Kalahari wild-medlar||702.3
|-
|[[Kamassie]]||''[[Gonioma kamassi]]''||Kamassi||641
|-
|[[Kamdebooboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea recondita]]''||Kamdeboo beechwood||745
|-
|[[Kameeldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia erioloba]]''||Camel thorn||168
|-
|[[Kameelspoor]] ||''[[Piliostigma thonningii]]''||Camel's foot||209
|-
|[[Kamiesbergaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe khamiesensis]]'' ||Khamiesberg aloe ||29.3
|-
|[[Kandelaaraalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe candelabrum]]'' ||Candelabrum aloe ||28.5
|-
|[[Kanferbos]]||''[[Tarchonanthus camphoratus]]''||Wild camphor bush||733
|-
|[[Kanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea floribunda]]'' ||Honeysuckle tree ||296
|-
|[[Kaokorooibessie]] ||[[Erythrococca kaokoensis]] ||Kaoko redberry ||759
|-
|[[Kaokoboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum wattii]]'' ||Kaoko bushwillow ||544
|-
|[[Kaokobrandbos]] ||''[[Hymenodictyon kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko firebush ||765
|-
|[[Kaokogeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum virgatum]]'' ||Kaoko yellowthorn ||676.2
|-
|[[Kaokogroendoring]]||''[[Balanites angolensis]]''||Angolan torchwood<br />Simple-thorned torchwood||252.1
|-
|[[Kaokokanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko corkwoord ||277.1
|-
|[[Kaokosesambos]] ||''[[Sesamothamnus benguellensis]]'' ||Kaoko sesame-bush ||679.1
|-
|[[Kaokoswarthaak]] ||''[[Senegalia mellifera subsp. mellifera]]'' ||Kaoko black thorn ||176.1
|-
|[[Kaokovlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum oxystachyum]]'' ||Kaoko flamecreeper ||540.4
|-
|[[Kaokowitgat]] ||''[[Boscia microphylla]]'' ||Kaoko shepherd's tree ||126
|-
|[[Kaokowolftoon]] ||''[[Portulacaria kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko porkbush ||104.3
|-
|[[Kaokowurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba schroeppelii]]'' ||Kaoko wormbush ||129.2
|-
|[[Karee]] ||''[[Searsia lancea]]'' ||Karree ||386
|-
|[[Kareekanniedood]] || ''[[Commiphora gracilifrondosa]]'' ||Karee-leaved commiphora ||284
|-
|[[Karooboerboon]] ||''[[Schotia afra]]'' ||Karoo boerbean ||201
|-
|[[Karoobroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos lehmannii]]'' ||Karoo cycad ||8.1
|-
|[[Karooheuningklokkiesbos]] ||''[[Freylinia vlokii]]'' ||Karoo honeybells ||670.7
|-
|[[Karookoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia burchellii]]'' ||Karoo kunibush ||379
|-
|[[Karookruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia robusta]]''||Karoo cross-berry||463.6
|-
|[[Karoonoemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa haematocarpa]]'' ||Karoo numnum ||640.2
|-
|[[Karoopendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia karooica]]'' ||Karoo spike-thorn ||401.7
|-
|[[Karooplakkiebos]] ||''[[Crassula arborescens]]'' ||Karoo tree crassula ||137.2
|-
|[[Karoosalie]] ||''[[Buddleja glomerata]]''||Karoo Sagewood ||636.1
|-
|[[Karoowitgat]] ||''[[Boscia oleoides]]'' ||Karoo shepherd tree ||128
|-
|[[Kartelplakkiesbos]] ||''[[Crassula arboresscens subsp. undulatifolia]]'' ||Wavy tree crassula ||137.4
|-
|[[Kasuur]]||''[[Pittosporum viridiflorum]]''||Cheesewood||139
|-
|[[Katstertaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe castanea]]'' ||Cat's-tail aloe ||28.6
|-
|[[Kei-appel]]||''[[Dovyalis afra]]''||Kei apple||507
|-
|[[Keibaakhout]]||''[[Greyia flanaganii]]''||Kei bottlebrush||444
|-
|[[Keibauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia bowkeri]]''||Kei bauhinia||208.4
|-
|[[Keibroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos princeps]]''||Kei cycad||12
|-
|[[Keiharpuisbos]] ||''[[Ozoroa mucronata]]'' ||Kei resin tree ||373
|-
|[[Keirooipeer]] ||''[[Scolopia flanaganii]]'' ||Kei redpear ||495
|-
|[[Keivingerblaar]]||''[[Vitex obovata]]''||Kei fingerleaf||661
|-
|[[Kerkeibos]]||''[[Crassula ovata]]''||Kerky-bush<br />Jade plant||137.3
|-
|[[Kerriebos]]||''[[Hypericum revolutum]]''||Curry bush<br />St. John's wort||484
|-
|[[Kershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus]]''||Candlewood||409
|-
|[[Keurboom]]||''[[Virgilia oroboides]]''||Cape blossom tree<br />Pink blossom tree||221
|-
|[[Kiaat]]||''[[Pterocarpus angolensis]]''||Wild teak||236
|-
|[[Kiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia spicata]]''||Common cabbage tree||564
|-
|[[Kierieklapper]]||''[[Combretum hereroense]]''||Russet bushwillow||538
|-
|[[Kinaboom]]||''[[Rauvolfia afra]]''||Quinine tree||647
|-
|[[Kinderbessie]] ||''[[Halleria elliptica]]'' ||Rock tree-fuschia ||670.2
|-
|[[Klapperbos]]||''[[Nymania capensis]]''||Chinese lantern||295
|-
|[[Kleefdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia borleae]]'' ||Sticky thorn ||160.1
|-
|[[Kleefpeul]]||''[[Senna singueana]]''||Stickypod||213.1
|-
|[[Kleinappelblaar]] ||''[[Philenoptera bussei]]'' ||Small apple-leaf ||238.1
|-
|[[Kleinblousuurpruim]] ||[[Kleinblousuurpruim|''Ximenia americana'' var. ''microphylla'']] ||Small blue sourplum || 102
|-
|[[Kleinblaardrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena mannii]]'' ||Small-leaved dragon tree ||30.8
|-
|[[Kleinblaarkiaat]] ||''[[Pterocarpus lucens subsp. antunesii]]'' ||Small-leaved bloodwood ||236.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium cinereum]]'' ||Small-leaved honeythorn ||669.9
|-
|[[Kleinblaarmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia verdoorniae]]''||Small-leaved myrtle||554.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarperspeuldoring]] ||''[[Senegalia goetzi subsp. microphylla]]'' ||Small-leaved purple-pod thorn ||167.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarpluisbossie]] ||''[[Lopholaena coriifolia]]'' || Small-leaved fluff bush||738
|-
|[[Kleinblaarrotsvy]]||''[[Ficus tettensis]]''||Small-leaved rock fig||62
|-
|[[Kleinblaarsaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron zeyheri]]''||Zeyher's saffronwood||412
|-
|[[Kleinblaarsekelbos]]||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. africana ]]''||Small-leaved sicklebush||190
|-
|[[Kleinblaartrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria gracilipes]]'' ||Small-leaved clusterpear ||108.3
|-
|[[Kleinblaarvy]] ||[[Ficus lingua'' subsp. ''depauperata'']] ||Small-leaved fig ||55.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarwilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''mucronata'']] ||Small-leaved willow ||35
|-
|[[Kleinblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua parvifolia]]'' ||Small-leaved spiderbush ||135.1
|-
|[[Kleinboerboon]]||''[[Schotia capitata]]''||Dwarf boerbean||203
|-
|[[Kleinbosrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna gamostigmata]]'' ||Small forest plane ||479.5
|-
|[[Kleingroendoring]]||''[[Balanites pedicellaris]]''||Lesser torchwood||252
|-
|[[Kleinkanferfoelieboom]]||''[[Turraea obtusifolia]]''||Small honeysuckle tree||296.1
|-
|[[Kleinkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina humeana]]''||Dwarf coral tree||243.1
|-
|[[Kleinlaventelkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton pseudopulchellus]]'' ||Small lavender croton ||329.3
|-
|[[Kleinperdepram]]||''[[Zanthoxylum capense]]''||Small knobwood||253
|-
|[[Kleinpeulseeboontjie]]||''[[Entada wahlbergii]]''||Small-pod seabean ||193.4
|-
|[[Kleinvalsmopanie]]||''[[Guibourtia conjugata]]''||Small copalwood||200
|-
|[[Kleinvrugtrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria afra]]'' ||Small-fruited clusterpear ||108.1
|-
|[[Kliertjiesboom]] ||''[[Pavetta edentula]]'' ||Gland-leaved bride’s bush ||717
|-
|[[Kliertjiesdeurmekaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia obtusifolia]]''||Hairy Puzzle-bush ||656.2
|-
|[[Klipels]]||''[[Afrocanthium mundianum]]''||Rock alder||710
|-
|[[Klipessenhout]] ||''[[Ekebergia pterophylla]]'' ||Rock ash ||299
|-
|[[Klipharpuisbos]] ||''[[Euryops brevipapposus]]'' ||Rock resin-bush ||739
|-
|[[Kliphout]]||''[[Heeria argentea]]''||Rockwood||368
|-
|[[Klipkershout]]||''[[Maytenus oleoides]]''||Rock candlewood||400
|-
|[[Klipkoolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis bilocularis]]''||Rock coalwood||307.1
|-
|[[Klipvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia brevifolia]]'' ||Rock false-thorn ||152
|-
|[[Klokkiesboontjieboom]] ||''[[Markhamia zanzibarica]]'' ||Bell-bean ||677
|-
|[[Klokkiespendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia tenuispina]]''||Bell spike-thorn||402.8
|-
|[[Knolharpuis]] ||''[[Othonna arbuscula]]'' || Traap baboon cabbage ||740
|-
|[[Knoppiesboontjie]]||''[[Maerua angolensis]]''||Bead-bean tree||132
|-
|[[Knoppiesdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia nigrescens]]'' ||Knob thorn ||178
|-
|[[Knoppiesklimop]] ||''[[Combretum mossambicense]]'' ||Knobbly climbing bushwillow ||545.1
|-
|[[Knoppiesvy]]||[[Knoppiesvy|''Ficus sansibarica'' subsp. ''sansibarica'']]||Knobbly fig||47
|-
|[[Kobas]] ||''[[Cyphostemma currorii]]'' ||Cobas||456
|-
|[[Koeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia undulata]]'' ||Kuni-bush||389
|-
|[[Koeboebessie]] ||''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' ||Kooboo-berry||410
|-
|[[Koedoebessie]] ||''[[Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia]]''||Kudu berry||308
|-
|[[Koffiebeesklou]]<br>[[Koffie bauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia petersiana]]'' ||Coffee bauhinia<br />Natal neat's foot||208.3
|-
|[[Kogelbergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia heterophylla]]'' ||Kogelberg ricebush ||145.9
|-
|[[Kogelbergvaalstompie]] ||''[[Mimetes arboreus]]'' ||Kogelberg pagoda ||72.1
|-
|[[Kokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron dichotomum]]'' ||Quiver tree ||29
|-
|[[Kokoboom]]||''[[Maytenus undata]]''||Koko tree||403
|-
|[[Kolletjiesblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus nigropunctata]]'' ||Busse's fig<br />Dot-leaved fig ||58
|-
|[[Komkommerbos]]||''[[Thilachium africanum]]''||Cucumber bush||136.2
|-
|[[Koolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis hirta]]''||Coalwood||307
|-
|[[Koorsbessie]]||''[[Croton megalobotrys]]''||Large fever-berry||329
|-
|[[Koorsboom]] ||''[[Vachellia xanthophloea]]''||Fever tree||189
|-
|[[Koorspeulboom]] ||''[[Holarrhena pubescens]]'' ||Fever-pod ||642
|-
|[[Koperstamkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora harveyi]]''||Red-stem corkwood||277
|-
|[[Koraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina lysistemon]]''||Common coral tree||245
|-
|[[Koraaltaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia magalismontana]]'' ||Coral crowberry ||384.2
|-
|[[Korentebos]] ||''[[Searsia tomentosa]]'' ||Bicoloured currant ||394
|-
|[[Korenteharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa sphaerocarpa]]'' ||Currant resin tree ||377
|-
|[[Korthaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis sepiaria var. subglabra]]'' ||Short-haired caperbush ||130.2
|-
|[[Kortpeul]] ||''[[Rourea orientalis]]'' ||Shortpod ||147.2
|-
|[[Kortstamnaboom]] ||''[[Euphorbia otjingandu]]'' ||Short-stemmed candelabra-tree ||748
|-
|[[Kosibaairoosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon kosiense]]'' ||Kosi Bay rose-apple ||762
|-
|[[Kosipalm]]||''[[Raphia australis]]''||Kosi palm||26
|-
|[[Kouebasrooihout]]||''[[Ochna arborea]]''||Cape redwood||479
|-
|[[Kraalkriedoring]]||''[[Lycium afrum]]''||Kraal honey-thorn||669.2
|-
|[[Kraalnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia tirucalli]]''||Rubber euphorbia||355
|-
|[[Kraalpendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia polyacantha subsp. polyacantha]]''||Kraal spike-thorn||402.2
|-
|[[Kransaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe arborescens]]'' ||Krantz aloe ||28.1
|-
|[[Kransbessie]]||''[[Gerrardina foliosa]]''||Krantz berry||500
|-
|[[Kranskwar]] ||''[[Psydrax locuples]]'' ||Krantz quar ||712
|-
|[[Kranssuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea rupicola]]'' ||Krantz sugarbush ||88.2
|-
|[[Kremetart]]||''[[Adansonia digitata]]''||Baobab||467
|-
|[[Kreupelrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna inermis]]'' ||Stunted plane ||480.1
|-
|[[Kringboom]]||''[[Maerua schinzii]]''||Ringwood tree||136
|-
|[[Krinkhout]]||''[[Securidaca longepedunculata]]''||Violet tree||303
|-
|[[Kromblaarsuikerbos]] ||[[''Protea afra'' subsp. ''falcata'']] ||Curved-leave sugarbush ||87.2
|-
|[[Kruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia occidentalis]]''||Cross-berry||463
|-
|[[Kruiskameeldoring]]||''[[Vachellia erioloba]]''||Hybrid camel thorn||169.1
|-
|[[Kunenekanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kuneneana]]'' ||Kunene corkwood ||277.7
|-
|[[Kunenewaterbessie]] ||''[[Syzygium kuneneense]]'' ||Kunene waterberry ||767
|-
|[[Kunenewolftoon]] ||''[[Kunenewolftoon|Portulacaria kuneneana]]'' ||Kunene porkbush ||104.4
|-
|[[Kurkbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia davyi]]'' ||Corky-barked thorn ||163.1
|-
|[[Kurkbasklapper]] of Geelklapper||''[[Strychnos cocculoides]]''||Corky monkey orange||623
|-
|[[Kurkbasrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna maguirei]]'' ||Corky-barked plane ||766
|-
|[[Kurkbos]] ||''[[Mundulea sericea]]''||Cork bush||226
|-
|[[Kurkdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium suberosum]]'' ||Cork turkey-berry ||709.1
|-
|[[Kurkvoëlbessie]] ||''[[Psychotria suber]]'' ||Corky birdberry ||769
|-
|[[Kusboontjiebos]] ||''[[Sophora inhambanensis]]'' ||Coastal bean-bush ||218
|-
|[[Kusbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta natalensis]]'' ||Coastal bride’s bush ||719
|-
|[[Kusfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea arborea]]'' ||Coastal fountainbush ||226.10
|-
|[[Kusjakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros inhacaensis]]'' ||Coastal jackal-berry ||604
|-
|[[Kusjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona coriacea]]'' ||Coastal jackal coffee ||700
|-
|[[Kuskanferbos]] ||''[[Tarchonanthus littoralis]]''||Coastal camphor bush||733.2
|-
|[[Kuskatoenboom]] ||''[[Hibiscus tiliaceus]]''||Lagoon hibiscus<br />Wild cotton tree||464
|-
|[[Kuskeiappel]] ||''[[Dovyalis longispina]]'' ||Coastal Kei apple ||510.1
|-
|[[Kuskoraalboom]] ||''[[Erythrina afra]]''||Coast coral tree ||242
|-
|[[Kuslooibas]] of [[Kuslooibas|pruimbas]] ||''[[Osyris compressa]]'' ||Tannin bush ||99
|-
|[[Kusrankdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia kraussiana]]'' ||Coastal climbing thorn|| 173.1
|-
|[[Kusrooimelkhout]]||''[[Mimusops afra]]''||Coastal red milkwood||583
|-
|[[Kusrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia longifolia]]'' ||Coastal ricebush ||145.11
|-
|[[Kussigsagkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis fascicularis var. zeyheri]]'' ||Coastal zigzag caperbush ||129.8
|-
|[[Kustaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia nebulosa]]'' ||Coastal currant ||390.1
|-
|[[Kusvaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena discolor]]''||Coast silver oak||724
|-
|[[Kuswildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria randii subsp. chartacea]]'' ||Coastal wild-medlar ||702.2
|-
|[[Kuswildepiesang]]||''[[Strelitzia nicolai]]''||Natal wild banana||34
|-
|[[Kuswitessenhout]] ||''[[Bersama swinnyi]]'' ||Coastal white-ash ||441
|-
|[[Kuswurgvy]]||[[Kuswurgvy|''Ficus natalensis'' subsp. ''natalensis'']]||Natal fig<br />Wild fig||57
|-
|[[Kwar]]||''[[Psydrax obovata]]''||Coastal quar||711
|-
|[[Laeveldbittertee]]||''[[Vernonia colorata]]''||Lowveld bitter-tea||723.4
|-
|[[Laeveldkanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea nilotica]]'' ||Lowveld honeysuckle Tree ||297
|-
|[[Laeveldkralesnoer]] ||''[[Alchornea laxiflora]]'' ||Lowveld beadstring ||334
|-
|[[Laeveldmelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara mochisia]]''||Lowveld milkberry||587
|-
|[[Laeveldnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia evansii]]''||Lowveld euphorbia||348
|-
|[[Laeveldsterkastaiïng]]||''[[Sterculia murex]]''||Lowveld chestnut||475
|-
|[[Laeveldvaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena huillensis]]''||Lowveld silver oak||727
|-
|[[Laeveldvy]]||''[[Ficus stuhlmannii]]''||Lowveld fig||65
|-
|[[Laingsburgtolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron osbornei]]'' ||Laingsburg conebush ||81.7
|-
|[[Lalapalm]]||''[[Hyphaene coriacea]]''||Lala palm||23
|-
|[[Langbeentjie]] ||''[[Leucadendron procerum]]'' ||Ivory conebush ||81.2
|-
|[[Langblaarwolftoon]] ||''[[Langblaarwolftoon|Portulacaria longipedunculata]]'' ||Long-leaved porkbush ||104.5
|-
|[[Langhaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis sepiaria var. citrifolia]]'' ||Long-haired caperbush ||130
|-
|[[Langpeuldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sieberiana var. sieberiana]]'' ||Longpod thorn ||186.9
|-
|[[Laventelboom]] ||''[[Heteropyxis natalensis]]''||Lavender tree||455
|-
|[[Laventelkoorsbessie]]||''[[Croton gratissimus]]''||Lavender croton<br />Lavender fever-berry||328
|-
|[[Limpopokoorsbessie]] ||[[Croton madandensis]] ||Limpopo feverberry ||328.4
|-
|[[Loerietolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron loeriense]]'' ||Loerie conebush ||80.7
|-
|[[Lydenburgbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos inopinus]]'' || Lydenburg cycad ||5.1
|-
|[[Lebombo-aalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe spicata]]'' ||Lebombo aloe ||30.4
|-
|[[Lebombobroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos lebomboensis]]'' || Lebombo cycad ||14.8
|-
|[[Lebombo-ysterhout]]||''[[Androstachys johnsonii]]''||Lebombo ironwood||327
|-
|[[Lebombokranses]]||''[[Atalaya alata]]''||Lebombo krantz ash||427
|-
|[[Lebombonaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia confinalis]]''||Lebombo euphoria<br />Lebombo milktree||345
|-
|[[Lebombowattel]]||''[[Newtonia hildebrandtii]]''||Lebombo-wattle||191
|-
|[[Lebombowitbos]] ||''[[Maerua brevipetiolata]]'' ||Lebombo spiderbush ||132.5
|-
|[[Lekkerbreek]]||''[[Ochna pulchra]]''||Peeling plane<br />Peelingbark ochna||483
|-
|[[Lekkerruikpeul]]||''[[Vachellia nilotica subsp. kraussiana]]''||Scented thorn||179
|-
|[[Lekkervreet]] ||''[[Opilia campestris]]'' || Parasitebush ||100.5
|-
|[[Lemoenhout]]||''[[Xymalos monospora]]''||Lemonwood||111
|-
|[[Lemoentjiedoring]]||''[[Cassinopsis ilicifolia]]''||Lemon thorn||420
|-
|[[Leolodoring]] ||''[[Vachellia ormocarpoides]]'' ||Leolo thorn ||179.3
|-
|[[Lepelhout]]||''[[Cassine schinoides]]''||Spoon-wood||418
|-
|[[Lilliebroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos dyerianus]]'' || Lillie cycad ||14.2
|-
|[[Lippeblomsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea subvestita]]''||Waterlily sugarbush || 98
|-
|[[Louriersuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea laurifolia]]''||Laurel sugarbush||90.2
|-
|[[Louriervy]] ||''[[Ficus ilicina]]'' || Laurel rock fig ||53
|-
|[[Maanhaarstompie]]||''[[Mimetes fimbriifolius]]''||Fringed bottlebrush||72.2
|-
|[[Magaliesrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna pretoriensis]]''||Magalies redwood ||480.2
|-
|[[Malbaarvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena glabra]]'' ||Malabar silver-oak ||726
|-
|[[Malvarosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia villosa]]''||Mallow raisin||463.3
|-
|[[Manketti]]||''[[Schinziophyton rautanenii]]''||Manketti tree<br />Feather-weight tree||337
|-
|[[Mannetjiebos]] ||''[[Stoeberia utilis]]'' ||White fig ||103.5
|-
|[[Maputalandbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta vanwykiana]]''||Sand Brides-bush||721.3
|-
|[[Maputalanddwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis maputensis]]'' ||Maputaland dwababerry ||758
|-
|[[Maputalandkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton steenkampianus]]'' ||Maputaland feverberry ||329.1
|-
|[[Maputalandoordeelboom]]||''[[Erythrophleum lasianthum]]''||Maputaland ordealtree<br />Swazi ordeal tree||196
|-
|[[Maputalandraasblaar]]||''[[Combretum mkuzense]]''||Mkuze bushwillow||545.2
|-
|[[Maputalandrankboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum eugeneanum]]'' ||Maputaland climbing bushwillow ||764
|-
|[[Maroela]]||''[[Sclerocarya birrea]]''||Marula||360
|-
|[[Matoppie]]||''[[Boscia albitrunca]]''||Shepherd's tree||122
|-
|[[Mbasheroosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon australissimum]]''||Mbashe rose-apple ||761
|-
|[[Meerstamvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia petersiana]]''||Multi-stemmed false-thorn<br />Nala tree||153
|-
|[[Melkpeer]]||''[[Inhambanella henriquesii]]''||Milk pear||591
|-
|[[Middelburgbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos middelburgensis]]'' ||Middelburg cycad ||14.3
|-
|[[Miershoopwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria randii subsp. randii]]'' ||Antheap-wild-medlar ||702.5
|-
|[[Mingerhout]]||''[[Breonadia salicina]]''||Matumi||684
|-
|[[Mirtaartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus myrtaceus]]''||Myrtle potatobush||311.5
|-
|[[Mitserie]]||''[[Bridelia micrantha]]''||Mitzeeri||324
|-
|[[Modjadjibroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos transvenosus]]''||Modjadji giant-cycad||13
|-
|[[Moepel]]||''[[Mimusops zeyheri]]''||Transvaal red milkwood||585
|-
|[[Moerasvy]]||''[[Ficus trichopoda]]''||Swamp fig||54
|-
|[[Mopanie]]||''[[Colophospermum mopane]]''||Mopane||198
|-
|[[Mopanie-aalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe littoralis]]'' ||Mopane aloe ||29.4
|-
|[[Mopanieaartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus pinnatus]]'' ||Mopane potato bush||312.1
|-
|[[Mopaniegeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum zambesiacum]]'' ||Zambezi gold ||676
|-
|[[Mopaniewitgat]] ||''[[Boscia matabelensis]]'' ||Mopane shepherd's tree ||125.5
|-
|[[Moringaboom]]||''[[Moringa oleifrea]]''||Drumstick tree||
|-
|[[Mosambiekkoffie]]||''[[Coffea racemosa]]''||Mozambique Wild Coffee||715.1
|-
|[[Msasa]]||''[[Brachystegia spiciformis]]''||Spring msasa<br />Musasa||198.1
|-
|[[Msinga-broodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos msinganus]]''||Msinga cycad ||14.7
|-
|[[Naaldblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia erectisepala]]'' ||Needle-leaved ricebush ||145.8
|-
|[[Naaldblaarheuningbostee]] ||''[[Cyclopia maculata]]'' ||Needle-leaf honeybush tea ||224.3
|-
|[[Naaldblaartolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron nobile]]'' ||Karoo conebush ||81.1
|-
|[[Naaldblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua rosmarinoides]]'' ||Needle-leaved spiderbush ||135
|-
|[[Naaldhardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica villosa]]'' ||Needle hardleaf ||453.4
|-
|[[Naboom]]||''[[Euphorbia ingens]]''||Common tree euphorbia||351
|-
|[[Namahaarpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa namaensis]]'' ||Nama resin tree ||373.1
|-
|[[Namakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora namaensis]]'' ||Nama corkwoord ||282.1
|-
|[[Namakwaboomvygie]] ||''[[Stoeberia utilis var. lerouxiae]]'' ||Namaqua tree-vygie ||757
|-
|[[Namakwaharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa dispar]]'' ||Namaqua resin tree ||370
|-
|[[Namakwajakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros acocksii]]'' ||Namaqua jackalberry ||602
|-
|[[Namakwakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora capensis]]'' ||Namaqua corkwood ||273
|-
|[[Namakwarooiklapperbos]]||''[[Erythrophysa alata]]''||Namaqua red balloon||436.1
|-
|[[Namakwavy]]||''[[Ficus cordata]]''||Sandpaper fig||51
|-
|[[Namapronkstert]]||''[[Gelrebia merxmuellerana]]''||Nama plumeflower||214.5
|-
|[[Namibharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa crassinervia]]''||Namibian resin tree||369
|-
|[[Namibiese kriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium eenii]]'' ||Namibian honeythorn ||669.10
|-
|[[Namibiese taaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. dinteri]]'' ||Namibia firethorn crowberry ||392.1
|-
|[[Namibkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora dinteri]]'' ||Namib corkwoord ||274.2
|-
|[[Namibkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis hereroensis]]'' ||Namib caperbush ||129.9
|-
|[[Namibkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina decora]]''||Namib coral tree||243
|-
|[[Namibpronkstert]]||''[[Hererolandia pearsonii]]''||Namib plumeflower||214.2
|-
|[[Nanabessie]]||''[[Searsia dentata]]''||Nana-berry||381
|-
|[[Nardouwluisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum praemorsum]]'' ||Nardouw fountain pincushion ||85.1
|-
|[[Natalaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe spectabilis]]'' ||Natal aloe ||30.6
|-
|[[Natalkweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya natalensis]]'' ||Sandstone quince ||117.1
|-
|[[Natalokkerneut]] ||''[[Cavacoa aurea]]'' ||Natal hickory ||332
|-
|[[Natalwilger]] of [[Natalwilger|fluitjieswilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''woodii'']] ||Natal willow ||36.2
|-
|[[Natalkaree]] ||''[[Searsia natalensis]]'' ||Northern dune currant ||390
|-
|[[Naukluftkaree]] ||''[[Searsia volkii]]'' ||Naukluft rhus ||396.2
|-
|[[Netblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua nervosa]]'' ||Lace-leaved spiderbish ||136.1
|-
|[[Ngotshe-broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos aemulans]]'' || Ngotshe cycad ||14.5
|-
|[[Ngoyedwergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ngoyanus]]'' ||Ngoye dwarf cycad ||14.17
|-
|[[Nieshout]]||''[[Ptaeroxylon obliquum]]''||Sneezewood||292
|-
|[[Njalaboom]]||''[[Xanthocercis zambesiaca]]''||Nyala tree||241
|-
|[[Noemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa bispinosa]]'' ||Num-num ||640.5
|-
|[[Nooienskokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron ramosissimum]]'' ||Maiden's quiver tree ||30.2
|-
|[[Noordelike boesmansdruif]]||''[[Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia]]''||Northern bushman's grape||456.6
|-
|[[Noordelike pompombruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta cataractarum]]'' ||Northern pompon bride’s bush ||719.2
|-
|[[Noordelike skulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria cymosa]]''||Escarpment Shell-flower||672
|-
|[[Noordelike valspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia neglecta]]'' ||Northern false spikethorn ||754
|-
|[[Notsung]]||''[[Halleria lucida]]''||Tree fuchsia||670
|-
|[[Okavangoboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum albopunctatum]]'' ||Okavango bushwillow ||531.2
|-
|[[Oleasterboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum elaeagnoides]]'' ||Oleaster bushwillow ||534.3
|-
|[[Olienhout]]||''[[Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata]]''||Wild olive<br>African olive||617
|-
|[[Olifantsrivierbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos lanatus]]''||Olifants River cycad||5.2
|-
|[[Olifantsrivierboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum petrophilum]]'' ||Olifants River bushwillow ||542.1
|-
|[[Omsambeet]]||''[[Millettia grandis]]''||Umzimbeet||227
|-
|[[Onderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus crinitus]]''||Black hazel||142
|-
|[[Oordeelboom]]||''[[Erythrophleum africanum]]''||Ordeal tree||194
|-
|[[Oorlogskloofsterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia dichotoma]]'' ||Oorlogskloof startree ||145.7
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia micrantha]]''||Eastern Cape hard-pear||514.1
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse reusebroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos altensteinii]]''||Eastern Cape cycad||3
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse smalblaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia linearis subsp. linearis]]'' ||Eastern Cape narrow-leaved spike-thorn ||399.1
|-
|[[Oostelike koeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia pallens]]'' ||Eastern kunibush ||395
|-
|[[Opregte suikerbos]]||''[[Protea repens]]''||Real sugarbush||94.2
|-
|[[Opregte waaierpalm]]||''[[Hyphaene petersiana]]''||Real fan palm||24
|-
|[[Oranjedruiweranker]] ||''[[Hyalosepalum afrum]]'' ||Orange grape creeper ||104.8
|-
|[[Otavibasboontjie]]||''[[Elephantorrhiza schinziana]]''||Otavi elephantroot||192.5
|-
|[[Otjihipakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora otjihipana]]'' ||Otjihipa corkwoord ||284.5
|-
|[[Ouhout]]||''[[Leucosidea sericea]]''||Oldwood||145
|-
|[[Outeniekwa-erica]]||''[[Erica inconstans]]'' ||Outeniqua tree erica ||574.1
|-
|[[Outeniekwakreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum glabrum]]'' ||Outeniqua pincushion ||84.3
|-
|[[Outeniekwafonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea diturnerae]]'' ||Outeniqua fountainbush ||750
|-
|[[Outeniekwageelhout]]||''[[Afrocarpus falcatus]]''||Outeniqua yellowwood||16
|-
|[[Outeniekwagonna]] ||''[[Passerina falcifolia]]'' ||Outeniqua gonna ||520
|-
|[[Ovambomahonie]] ||''[[Entandrophragma spicatum]]'' ||Ovambo mahogany ||294
|-
|[[Owamboperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum ovatifoliolatum]]'' ||Kaoko knobwood ||255.2
|-
|[[Paddaboom]]||''[[Tabernaemontana elegans]]''||Toad tree||644
|-
|[[Palmiet]] ||''[[Prionium serratum]]'' ||Palmiet ||768
|-
|[[Pambatieboom]]||''[[Anastrabe integerrima]]''||Pambati tree||671
|-
|[[Papegaaiboomheide]] ||''[[Erica psittacina ]]'' ||Parrot tree erica ||574.4
|-
|[[Papierbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sieberiana var. woodii]]''||Paper-bark thorn||187
|-
|[[Papierbaskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora marlothii]]''||Paperbark corkwood||278
|-
|[[Papierbasmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia zuluensis]]''||Paper-bark myrtle||554
|-
|[[Papierbasvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia tanganyicensis]]''||Paperbark false-thorn||157
|-
|[[Parlotabroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos relictus]]'' ||Parlota cycad ||12.5
|-
|[[Pendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia buxifolia]]''||Common spike-thorn||399
|-
|[[Pendoringkaree]] ||''[[Searsia gueinzii]]'' ||Thorny karee ||384
|-
|[[Pendoringtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pterota]]'' ||Winged currant ||391.2
|-
|[[Peperblaarboom]]||''[[Warburgia salutaris]]''||Pepper-bark tree||488
|-
|[[Peperblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora mossambicensis]]''||Pepper-leaf corkwood||281
|-
|[[Perdekopspeldekussing]] ||''[[Leucospermum reflexum]]'' ||Rocket pincushion ||85.2
|-
|[[Perdepis]]||''[[Clausena anisata]]''||Horsewood<br />False horsewood||265
|-
|[[Perdepram]]||''[[Zanthoxylum davyi]]''||Knobwood||254
|-
|[[Persbesem]]||''[[Polygala virgata]]''||Purple broom<br />Moth-fruit||302.2
|-
|[[Persblaarvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia antunesiana]]'' ||Purple-leaved false-thorn ||151
|-
|[[Perssambreelblom]]||''[[Karomia speciosa]]''||Wild parasol flower||668
|-
|[[Persstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora multijuga]]'' ||Purple-stemmed corkwood ||282
|-
|[[Petersvy]]||''[[Ficus petersii]]''||Peters's wild fig||48.1
|-
|[[Peulmahonie]]||''[[Afzelia quanzensis]]''||Pod-mahogany||207
|-
|[[Pienkbauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia urbaniana]]''||Pink bauhinia||208.7
|-
|[[Pienkblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya burgessiae]]''||Pink wild pear||468.1
|-
|[[Pienkkeurboom]] ||''[[Virgilia divaricata]]'' ||Pink keurboom ||221.1
|-
|[[Pienkmispel]] ||''[[Feretia aeruginescens]]'' ||Pink-medlar ||696.4
|-
|[[Pistoolbos]] ||''[[Justicia adhatodoides]]'' ||Pistol bush ||681
|-
|[[Platkroon]]||''[[Albizia adianthifolia]]''||Flat crown||148
|-
|[[Platorandbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos brevifoliolatus]]'' ||Escarpment cycad ||3.3
|-
|[[Platorandperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum thorncroftii]]'' ||Escarpment knobwood ||255.3
|-
|[[Platorandboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea galpinii]]''||Forest boekenhout||73
|-
|[[Platorandkaree]] ||''[[Searsia transvaalensis]]'' ||Escarpment karee ||394.1
|-
|[[Pluisblomjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona kirkii subsp. junodii]]'' ||Fluffy-flower jackal-coffee|| 698.3
|-
|[[Poeierbaskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia ternifolia]]''||Yellow gardenia<br />Powder-bark gardenia||690.3
|-
|[[Poeierkwasboom]]||''[[Barringtonia racemosa]]''||Lagoon powderpufftree<br />Powder-puff tree||524
|-
|[[Poerabessie]] ||''[[Vitex pooara]]'' ||Poora fingerleaf ||663
|-
|[[Pokysterhout]]||''[[Chionanthus foveolatus]]''||Common pock ironwood||615
|-
|[[Pompomrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia serpyllifolia]]'' ||Pompon ricebush ||145.16
|-
|[[Pompombruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta cooperi]]'' ||Pompom brides-bush ||719.4
|-
|[[Pondo-kokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus oleosa]]'' ||Pondo kokotree ||400.1
|-
|[[Pondotreurdoring]]||''[[Colubrina nicholsonii]]||Pondo weeping-thorn||453.8
|-
|[[Pondowitpeer]] ||''[[Apodytes abbottii]]'' ||Pondo white pear ||422.1
|-
|[[Pondoboesmanstee]] ||''[[Lydenburgia abbottii]]'' ||Pondo bushman's tea ||407
|-
|[[Pondodoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium vanwykii]]''||Pondo turkey-berry ||710.1
|-
|[[Pondojakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona africana]]'' ||Pondo jackal-coffee ||698.1
|-
|[[Pondokruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia pondoensis]]''||Pondo crossberry||463.5
|-
|[[Pondomelkbessie]] ||''[[Manilkara nicholsonii]]''||Pondo milkberry||586.1
|-
|[[Pondopalm]]||''[[Jubaeopsis afra]]''||Pondo coconut||27
|-
|[[Pondoranktaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia acocksii]]'' ||Pondo climbing currant ||377.2
|-
|[[Pondorooihout]] ||''[[Ochna sp. nov.]]'' ||Pondo plane ||481.1
|-
|[[Pondospookbos]] ||''[[Brunia trigyna]]'' ||Pondo ghostbush ||141.1
|-
|[[Pondosybas]] ||''[[Maytenus abbottii]]'' ||Pondo silky-bark ||398.1
|-
|[[Pondotolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron pondoense]]'' ||Pondoland conebush ||81.4
|-
|[[Pondovy]] ||''[[Ficus bizanae]]'' || Pondoland fig ||46
|-
|[[Pondovalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia retrospinosa]]'' ||Pondo false spikethorn ||403.3
|-
|[[Pondowaterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium pondoense]]''||Pondo waterwood||558.1
|-
|[[Populierblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus fischeri]]'' ||Poplar-leaved fig ||68
|-
|[[Potbergsuikerbos]]||[[Potbergsuikerbos|''Protea aurea'' subsp. ''potbergensis'']]||Potberg sugarbush ||90.6
|-
|[[Pronkonderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus grandiflorus]]''||Green hazel||144
|-
|[[Pronkrooihout]]||''[[Ochna natalitia]]''||Natal plane||481
|-
|[[Pronkverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera jucunda]]''||Showy Indigo||226.4
|-
|[[Pruimvingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex ferruginea]]'' ||Plum fingerleaf ||659
|-
|[[Pylgif]]||''[[Adenium boehmianum]]''||Namibian impalalily||647.2
|-
|[[Pynbos]] ||''[[Smodingium argutum]]'' ||Agony bush ||367
|-
|[[Pypsteelboom]]||''[[Vitex rehmannii]]''||Pipe-stem tree||664
|-
|[[Raasblaar]]||''[[Combretum zeyheri]]''||Large-fruited bushwillow||546
|-
|[[Rankboswilg]]||''[[Combretum patelliforme]]'' ||Combretum patelliforme ||534
|-
|[[Rankklipels]] ||''[[Keetia gueinzii]]'' ||Climbing-turkeyberry ||714
|-
|[[Rankrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia afra]]''||Climbing raisin||459
|-
|[[Ranksaffraan]] ||''[[Lauridia tetragona]]'' ||Climbing saffron ||411.1
|-
|[[Ranksaffraanboom]] ||''[[Lauridia reticulata]]'' ||Tree climbing saffron ||411.3
|-
|[[Ranksterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros simii]]'' ||Climbing star-apple ||609
|-
|[[Rankvingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex harveyana]]'' ||Scrambling fingerleaf ||660
|-
|[[Reepbaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora discolor]]'' ||Stringy-barked corkwood ||274.1
|-
|[[Renosterkoffie]] ||''[[Kraussia floribunda]]'' ||Rhino-coffee ||700.1
|-
|[[Reuseblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus lutea]]'' ||Giant-leaved fig ||61
|-
|[[Reusebroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos natalensis]]''||Natal cycad||10
|-
|[[Reuserosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia hexamita]]''||Giant raisin||460
|-
|[[Reuseseeboontjie]]||''[[Entada rheedii]]''||Giant seabean||193.3
|-
|[[Riemblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lorifolia]]'' ||Strap-leaved sugarbush ||91
|-
|[[Riffelstampendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia heterophylla]]''||Zulu spike-thorn||401.6
|-
|[[Ringbaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora steynii]]'' ||Ringed-bark corkwood ||288
|-
|[[Rivierblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya kirkii]]'' ||River wildpear ||470
|-
|[[Rivierdwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis obovata]]'' ||River dwababerry ||108
|-
|[[Rivierkriedoring]]||''[[Lycium hirsutum]]''||River honey-thorn||669.12
|-
|[[Riviernaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia triangularis]]''||River euphorbia||356
|-
|[[Rivierrankdoring]]||''[[Senegalia schweinfurthii var. schweinfurthii]]''||River climbing thorn||184.1
|-
|[[Rivierrooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia stolzii]]''||River redpear||496.2
|-
|[[Riviertaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. gracilis]]'' ||River firethorn crowberry ||392.2
|-
|[[Riviertolbos]] |||''[[Leucadendron salicifolium]]'' ||Common stream conebush ||82.1
|-
|[[Riviertrassiedoring]] |||[[''Vachellia hebeclada'' subsp. ''chobiensis'']] ||River candle-pod thorn ||170.1
|-
|[[Riviervaderlandswilg]]||''[[Combretum erythrophyllum]]''||River bushwillow||536
|-
|[[Rivierwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria proschii]]'' ||River wild-medlar ||702.4
|-
|[[Rivierwitbos]] ||''[[ Maerua gilgii]]''||River spiderbush ||133.1
|-
|[[Robinsonkreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum pluridens]]'' ||Robinson pincushion ||84.4
|-
|[[Rondeblaargifboom]] ||''[[Acokanthera rotundata]]'' ||Round-leaved poison-bush ||640
|-
|[[Rondeblaarharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa longipes]]'' ||Round-leaved resin tree ||372
|-
|[[Rondevrugbospendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia harveyana subsp. harveyana]]'' || Black forest spike-thorn ||399.2
|-
|[[Rooibergsepterbos]] ||''[[Paranomus roodebergensis]]'' ||Rooiberg tree sceptre<br />Honey-scented sceptre ||72.6
|-
|[[Rooibitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos henningsii]]'' ||Red bitterberry ||625
|-
|[[Rooiblaarrotsvy]] ||''[[Ficus ingens]]''||Red-leaved fig||55
|-
|[[Rooiblompendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia rubra]]'' ||Red-flower spike-thorn ||402.5
|-
|[[Rooiboekenhout]]||''[[Protorhus longifolia]]''||Red beech||364
|-
|[[Rooibos]] ||''[[Aspalathus linearis]]'' ||Rooibos tea ||225.10
|-
|[[Rooiboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum apiculatum]]''||Okavango bushwillow||532
|-
|[[Rooidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia gerrardii subsp. gerrardii]]'' ||Red thorn ||167
|-
|[[Rooi-els (boom)|Rooi-els]] ||''[[Cunonia capensis]]''||Red alder||140
|-
|[[Rooiessenhout]] ||''[[Trichilia emetica]]''||Natal mahogany ||301
|-
|[[Rooihaakbessie]] ||''[[Artabotrys monteiroae]]'' ||Red hook-berry ||105.2
|-
|[[Rooihaak]] ||''[[Vachellia reficiens subsp. reficiens]]'' ||Red umbrella thorn||181
|-
|[[Rooihartboom]]||''[[Hymenocardia ulmoides]]''||Red-heart tree||317
|-
|[[Rooi-ivoor]]||''[[Berchemia zeyheri]]''||Red ivory||450
|-
|[[Rooikershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus rostratus]]''||Red candlewood||408
|-
|[[Rooikweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya wyliei]]''||Red quince||117
|-
|[[Rooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia mundii]]''||Red pear||496
|-
|[[Rooipendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia senegalensis]]''||Red spike-thorn||402
|-
|[[Rooipronkstert]]||''[[Gelrebia rubra]]''||Red plumeflower||214.3
|-
|[[Rooistinkhout]]||''[[Prunus africana]]''||Red stinkwood||147
|-
|[[Rooisuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea grandiceps]]'' ||Red sugarbush ||89.2
|-
|[[Rooitolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron discolor]]'' ||Piketberg conebush ||79
|-
|[[Rooivoëlbessie]] ||''[[Psychotria zombamontana]]''||Red bird-berry||723.1
|-
|[[Rooivrugwitstinkhout]] ||''[[Celtis mildbraedii]]''||Natal white stinkwood||41
|-
|[[Rooivy]] ||''[[Stoeberia arborea]]'' ||Red fig ||103.4
|-
|[[Rooiwortelboom]]||''[[Rhizophora mucronata]]''||Red mangrove||526
|-
|[[Rooiysterhout]]||''[[Ochna holstii]]''||Red ironwood||480
|-
|[[Rosyntjiebos]]||''[[Grewia flava]]''||Sandpaper raisin||459.1
|-
|[[Rotsblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya autumnalis]]''||Rock wildpear||468
|-
|[[Rotsboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum moggii]]'' ||Rock bushwillow ||542
|-
|[[Rotskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora saxicola]]'' ||Rock corkwood ||286
|-
|[[Rotstolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron strobilinum]]'' ||Peninsula conebush ||78
|-
|[[Ruigtekriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium acutifolium]]'' ||Thicket honey-thorn ||669.5
|-
|[[Saalpeultjieboom]]||''[[Wrightia natalensis]]''||Saddle pod||650
|-
|[[Safsafwilger]]||[[Safsafwilger|''Salix mucronata'' subsp. subserrata'']]||Safsaf willow||36
|-
|[[Sambokpeul]]||''[[Cassia abbreviata subsp. beareanna]]'' ||Sjambokpod||212
|-
|[[Sandboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum engleri]]'' ||Sand bushwillow ||535
|-
|[[Sandbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta catophylla]]'' ||Sand bride’s bush ||719.3
|-
|[[Sanddoring]] ||''[[Vachellia arenaria]]'' ||Sand thorn ||186
|-
|[[Sandessenhout]]||''[[Xylia torreana]]''||Sand ash||192
|-
|[[Sandjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona maputensis]]'' ||Maputo jackal-coffee ||699.1
|-
|[[Sandjasmyn]] ||''[[Schrebera trichoclada]]'' ||Sand jasmine<br />Wing-leaved wooden pear ||613
|-
|[[Sandkamhout]]||''[[Baphia massaiensis]]''||Sand camwoord||223
|-
|[[Sandkanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada zanzibariensis]]'' ||Sand canaryberry ||340
|-
|[[Sandkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora angolensis]]''||Sand corkwood||272
|-
|[[Sandkiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia arenicola]]'' ||Sand cabbage-tree ||561.1
|-
|[[Sandkroonbessie]] ||''[[Crossopteryx febrifuga]]'' ||Sand crown-berry ||683
|-
|[[Sandnoemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa tetramera]]'' ||Sand num-num ||640.6
|-
|[[Sandolien]]||''[[Dodonaea viscosa]]''||African sandolive<br />Hopbush||437.1
|-
|[[Sandperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum leprieurii]]'' ||Sand knobwood ||255.1
|-
|[[Sandrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna barbosae]]'' ||Sand plane ||479.2
|-
|[[Sandsterappel]]||''[[Diospyros loureiriana]]''||Sand star-apple||604.1
|-
|[[Sanduiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea mossambicensis]]'' ||Sand onionwood ||531
|-
|[[Sandveldhaarpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa obovata var. elliptica]]'' ||Sandveld resin tree ||373.5
|-
|[[Sandveldluisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum rodolentum]]'' ||Sandveld pincushion ||83
|-
|[[Sandveldwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia filipes]]'' ||Sandveld shepherd's tree ||123.1
|-
|[[Sebrabaskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora viminea]]'' ||Zebra-bark corkwood||279
|-
|[[Sebrabergwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua sebrabergensis]]'' ||Zebra mountain spiderbush ||751
|-
|[[Sebrahout]]||''[[Dalbergia melanoxylon]]''||Zebrawood||232
|-
|[[Seepbos]]||''[[Noltea africana]]''||Soap bush||453
|-
|[[Seepnetel]]||''[[Pouzolzia mixta]]''||Soap nettle||71
|-
|[[Sekhukhunedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sekhukhuniensis]]'' ||Sekhukhune thorn ||184.5
|-
|[[Sekelblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia recurvata]]'' ||Sickle-leaved ricebush ||145.14
|-
|[[Sekelbos]]||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea]]''||Sickle-bush||190
|-
|[[Sekhukhuneboesmanstee]] ||''[[Lydenburgia cassinoides]]''||Sekhukhuni bushman's tea ||406
|-
|[[Sekhukhunebobbejaanstert]] ||''[[Xerophyta retinervis var. multiramosa]]'' ||Sekhukhune baboon's tail ||770
|-
|[[Sekhukhunekaree]] ||''[[Searsia sekhukhuniensis]]'' ||Sekhukhune karee ||393.3
|-
|[[Septeeboom]]||''[[Cordia afra]]''||Septee tree||652
|-
|[[Septemberbossie]]||''[[Polygala myrtifolia]]''||September bush||302.1
|-
|[[Septemberklokkies]]||''[[Rothmannia globosa]]''||Bell gardenia||695
|-
|[[Serpentyndoring]] ||''[[Senegalia loetteri]]'' ||Serpentine thorn ||755
|-
|[[Serpentynsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea curvata]]'' ||Serpentine sugarbush ||88.1
|-
|[[Sigsagkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis fascicularis var. fascicularis]]'' ||Zigzag caperbush ||129.7
|-
|[[Silwerblaarmelkpruim]]||''[[Englerophytum natalense]]''||Natal milkplum||582
|-
|[[Silwerboom]]||''[[Leucadendron argenteum]]''||Silver tree||77
|-
|[[Silwerbos]] ||[[Silwerbos|''Leucadendron uliginosum'' subsp. ''uliginosum'']] ||Outeniqua conebush ||82.6
|-
|[[Silwerhoekstamrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia gracillima]]''||Silver square-stemmed raisin||459.4
|-
|[[Silwerwilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''hirsuta'']] ||Silver willow ||35.1
|-
|[[Skeweblaarbasboontjie]] ||''[[Elephantorrhiza suffruticosa]]'' ||Skew-leaved elephantroot||193.1
|-
|[[Skilferbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia exuvialis]]'' ||Flaky-barked thorn ||164.1
|-
|[[Skoensoolpeul]]||''[[Brachystegia boehmii]]''||Mufuti msasa<br />Prince-of-Wales msasa||198.2
|-
||[[Skotseratel]] ||''[[Amblygonocarpus andongensis]]'' ||Scotsman's rattle||190.2
|-
|[[Skraalrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia denticulata]]'' ||Slender ricebush ||145.6
|-
|[[Skurweblaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia amoena]]''||Sandpaper bush||656
|-
|[[Skurweblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora edulis]]''||Rough-leaved corkwood||275
|-
|[[Skurweblaarrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia flavescens]]''||Velvet raisin||459.2
|-
|[[Skurwevyeboom]] ||''[[Ficus capreifolia]]'' || Rough-leaved fig tree ||50.1
|-
|[[Silwerblaarsuikerbos]] ||[[Silwerblaarsuikerbos|''Protea roupelliae'' subsp. ''roupelliae'']] ||Silver sugarbush ||96
|-
|[[Silwerblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya pulchra]]'' ||Silver wildpear ||470.1
|-
|[[Skraalkaree]] ||''[[Searsia keetii]]'' ||Slender karee ||384.5
|-
|[[Skurweblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia angustifolia var. corymbosa]]'' ||Rough-leaved shepherd tree ||123
|-
|[[Slaaibos]] ||''[[Didelta spinosa]]'' ||Thorny salad bush ||736.2
|-
|[[Slapbergsoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia theronii]]'' ||Slender mountain sweet thorn ||172.3
|-
|[[Slapdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia permixta]]'' ||Slender thorn ||179.1
|-
|[[Slapfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea affinis]]'' ||Slender fountainbush ||226.14
|-
|[[Slaphoringaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe speciosa]]'' ||Tilt-head aloe ||30.5
|-
|[[Slapkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora virgata]]'' ||Slender corkwood ||290
|-
|[[Slapkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium bosciifolium]]'' ||Limpopo honey-thorn ||669.8
|-
|[[Slaploot]] ||''[[Senegalia senegal var. leiorhachis]]'' ||Slender three-hooked thorn||185
|-
|[[Slymappel]]||''[[Azanza garckeana]]''||Snot apple||466
|-
||[[Smalblaarbasboontjie]] ||''[[Elephantorrhiza goetzei]]'' ||Narrow-pod elephantroot||192.1
|-
||[[Smalblaarghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea linearis]]'' ||Lance-leaved guarri ||596
|-
|[[Smalblaarharpuisbos]]||''[[Ozoroa paniculosa var. salicina]]''||Narrow-leaved resin tree||375.1
|-
|[[Smalblaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis brassii]]'' ||Narrow-leaved caperbush ||129.6
|-
|[[Smalblaarmosterdboom]] ||''[[Salvadora australis]]'' ||Narrow-leaved mustard-tree ||621
|-
|[[Smalblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lanceolata]]'' ||Lance-leaved sugarbush ||90.1
|-
|[[Smalblaarwasbessie]]||''[[Morella serrata]]''||Lance-leaved waxberry||38
|-
|[[Smalblad]]||''[[Metrosideros angustifolia]]''||Lance-leaved myrtle||559
|-
|[[Snuifkalbassie]]||''[[Oncoba spinosa]]''||Snuff-box tree||492
|-
|[[Soetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia karroo]]''||Sweet thorn||172
|-
|[[Soutpansbergdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia montis-salinarum]]'' ||Soutpansberg thorn ||753
|-
|[[Soutpansbergmadeliefiebos]]||''[[Callilepis caerulea]]''||Soutpansberg Marguerite||736.3
|-
|[[Soutpansbergroosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon soutpansbergense]]'' ||Soutpansberg rose-apple ||763
|-
|[[Soutpansbergwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria soutpansbergensis]]'' ||Soutpansberg wild-medlar ||703.1
|-
|[[Spalkpendoring]] ||''[[Gloveria integrifolia]]'' ||Splint spike-thorn ||403.9
|-
|[[Spekboom]]||''[[Portulacaria afra]]''||Porkbush||104
|-
|[[Spitsblaarspeldekussing]] ||''[[Leucospermum saxosum]] ''||Escarpment pincushion ||85.3
|-
|[[Spoegboom]] ||''[[Commiphora cervifolia]]''|| Antler-leaved corkwood || 273.5
|-
|[[Springsaadboom]] ||''[[Shirakiopsis elliptica]]'' || Jumping-seed tree ||342
|-
|[[Sprokiesboom]] ||''[[Moringa ovalifolia]]'' || Phantomtree ||137
|-
|[[Stamlose broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos villosus]]'' ||Ground cycad ||14.20
|-
|[[Stamvrug]]||''[[Englerophytum magalismontanum]]''||Transvaal milkplum||581
|-
|[[Stamvrugklimop]] ||''[[Tiliacora funifera]]'' ||Elbow leaf || 104.7
|-
|[[Stamvrugysterpruim]]||''[[Drypetes natalensis]]''||Natal ironplum||316
|-
|[[Stekelblaarklapper]]||''[[Strychnos pungens]]''||Spine-leaved monkey||628
|-
||[[Stekelsplinterboontjie]] ||''[[Adenopodia spicata]]'' ||Spiny splinterbean ||193.5
|-
|[[Sterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia rogersii]]''||Large-leaved star-chestnut||477
|-
|[[Sterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia arborea]]'' ||Startree ||145.1
|-
|[[Sterkbos]]||''[[Terminalia prunioides]]''||Lowveld cluster-leaf||550
|-
|[[Sterretjierosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia sulcata]]''||Stellar raisin||463.9
|-
|[[Sterretjierysbos]]||''[[Cliffortia nitidula]]''||Starry rice-bush||145.2
|-
|[[Stinkbessievingerblaar]]||''[[Vitex mombassae]]''||Poora-berry||660.1
|-
|[[Stinkblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea susannae]]'' ||Stink-leaf sugarbush ||98.1
|-
|[[Stinkbos]] ||''[[Boscia foetida]]''||Stinkbush||124
|-
|[[Stinkebbehout]] ||''[[Heywoodia lucens]]''||Stink ebony ||306
|-
|[[Stinkhout]] ||''[[Ocotea bullata]]''||Stinkwood||118
|-
|[[Stinkwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia foetida subsp. rehmanniana]]'' ||Stink shepherd's tree ||125
|-
|[[Stompblaartaaibos]]||''[[Searsia rehmanniana]]''||Blunt-leaved currant||393.4
|-
|[[Stormbos]] ||''[[Cadaba aphylla]]'' ||Leafless worm bush ||129
|-
|[[Strandaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe thraskii]]'' ||Strand aloe ||30.7
|-
|[[Suidelike skulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria verticillata]]''||Southern Shell-flower||673
|-
|[[Suidkuskiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia nicholsonii]]''||Natal coast cabbage tree||565.1
|-
|[[Suurbergbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos longifolius]]''||Suurberg cycad||9
|-
|[[Suurbergkussingbos]]||''[[Oldenburgia grandis]]''||Suurberg cushion bush||737
|-
|[[Suurbessie]]||''[[Dovyalis rhamnoides]]''||Common sourberry||509
|-
|[[Suurkaree]]||''[[Searsia ciliata]]''||Sour karee||380.2
|-
|[[Suurlat]] ||''[[Freylinia visseri]]'' ||Sandveld honey-bells ||670.4
|-
|[[Suurpruim]] ||[[Suurpruim|''Ximenia afra'' var. ''afra'']] ||Large sour plum||103
|-
|[[Suurtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia krebsiana]]'' ||Mountain currant ||385.1
|-
|[[Swakopmundkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora oblanceolata]]'' || Hyaena corkwood ||284.1
|-
|[[Swartapiesdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia burkei]]''||Black monkey thorn||161
|-
|[[Swartbaardsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lepidocarpodendron]]'' ||Black-bearded sugarbush ||90.5
|-
|[[Swartbas]]||''[[Diospyros whyteana]]''||Bladder-nut||611
|-
|[[Swartbitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos potatorum]]'' ||Black bitterberry ||630
|-
|[[Swarthaak]] ||''[[Senegalia mellifera subsp. detinens]]'' ||Spike-flowered black-thorn ||176
|-
|[[Swartvalstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus africanus]]''||African false currant||425
|-
|[[Swartwortelboom]]||''[[Bruguiera gymnorrhiza]]''||Black mangrove||527
|-
|[[Swazibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos aplanatus]]'' ||Swazi north-east forest cycad ||14.10
|-
|[[Swazidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia swazica]]'' ||Swazi thorn ||187.2
|-
|[[Swazigeelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia glabrata]]'' ||Swazi laburnum ||219.2
|-
|[[Swazipendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia swazica]]'' ||Swazi spike-thorn ||749
|-
|[[Swazi-uiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea swaziensis]]'' ||Swazi onionwood ||531.1
|-
|[[Sweepstokknoppiesboontjie]] ||''[[Maerua kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko beadbean ||133.8
|-
|[[Sybas]]||''[[Maytenus acuminata]]''||Rock silky bark||398
|-
|[[Sydoring]]||''[[Vachellia rehmanniana]]''||Silky thorn||182
|-
|[[Syhaartolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron pubescens]]'' ||Grey conebush ||81.3
|-
|[[Syhaarveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne pilosa]]''||Silky fibre-bush||518
|-
|[[Taaijakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros glandulifera]]'' ||Sticky star-apple ||603.2
|-
|[[Tambotie]] ||''[[Spirostachys africana]]''||Tamboti||341
|-
|[[Teerhout]] ||''[[Loxostylis alata]]''||Tarwood||365
|-
|[[Teerysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia paucistaminea]]'' ||Tea ricebush ||145.12
|-
|[[Terblanzboom]] ||''[[Faurea macnaughtonii]]'' ||Terblanz beech||74
|-
|[[Tolbalie]] ||''[[Empogona lanceolata]]''||Jackal-coffee ||699
|-
|[[Tolvruglukwart]] ||''[[Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. stenocarpus]]'' ||Spindle-fruited loquat ||696.3
|-
|[[Tongabergaalwyn]] ||[[Tongabergaalwyn|''Aloe marlothii'' subsp. ''orientalis'']] ||Tonga mountain aloe ||29.7
|-
|[[Tongaboomaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloidendron tongaense]]'' ||Tonga tree aloe ||29.9
|-
|[[Tongadoringkatjiepiering]] ||''[[Hyperacanthus microphyllus]]'' ||Tonga spiny gardenia ||689.7
|-
|[[Tongakatjiepiering]] ||''[[Gardenia cornuta]]'' || Tonga gardenia ||690.1
|-
|[[Tongakierie]] ||''[[Crateva kirkii]]'' ||Tonga kierie ||131
|-
|[[Tongakwar]] ||''[[Psydrax fragrantissima]]'' ||Tonga quar ||712.1
|-
|[[Tongalandbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ferox]]'' || Tongaland cycad ||3.4
|-
|[[Towerghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea divinorum]]''||Magic guarri||595
|-
|[[Transvaalbergsuikerbos]] of [[Transvaalbergsuikerbos|platorandsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea rubropilosa]]'' ||Transvaal sugarbush ||97
|-
|[[Transvaalsesambos]] ||''[[Sesamothamnus lugardii]]'' ||Sesame-bush ||680
|-
|[[Trassiedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia hebeclada]]'' ||Candle-pod thorn ||170
|-
|[[Treurbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta lanceolata]]''||Weeping bride's bush||718.1
|-
|[[Treurharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa engleri]]''||White resin tree||371
|-
|[[Treurkersielemoen]]||''[[Teclea natalensis]]''||Natal cherry-orange||264
|-
|[[Treurtrassiedoring]]||''[[Vachellia hebeclada subsp. tristis]]'' ||Weeping candle-pod thorn ||170.2
|-
|[[Trilblaarvy]] ||[[Trilblaarvy|''Ficus tremula'' subsp. ''tremula'']] ||Trembling-leaf fig ||67
|-
|[[Tropiese blompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya quinqueseta]]'' ||Tropical wildpear ||470.5
|-
|[[Tropiese kweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya liebertiana]]'' ||Tropical wild quince ||113.1
|-
|[[Tropiese pendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia maranguensis]]'' ||Tropical spike thorn ||399.9
|-
|[[Troshofiesuikerbos]] ||''[[Troshofiesuikerbos|Protea welwitschii]]'' ||Cluster-head sugarbush ||98.2
|-
|[[Trosvy]]||[[Trosvy|''Ficus sycomorus'' subsp. ''sycomorus'']]||Common cluster fig||66
|-
|[[Tsitsikammatolbos]] ||[[Tsitsikammatolbos|''Leucadendron uliginosum'' subsp. ''glabratum'']] ||Tsitsikamma conebush ||82.5
|-
|[[Tugelapendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia macrocarpa]]'' ||Tugela spike-thorn ||401.8
|-
|[[Tugelastinkwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia foetida subsp. longipedicellata]]'' ||Tugela stinkbush ||124.1
|-
|[[Tuitpeulpronkstert]] ||''[[Gelrebia rostrata]]'' ||Beaked-pod plumeflower ||214.6
|-
|[[Tweeblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Welwitschia mirabilis]]'' ||Welwitschia ||21.1
|-
|[[Tweelingrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca trichogyne]]''||Twin red-berry||332.4
|-
|[[Uiehout]]||''[[Cassipourea malosana]]''||Common onionwood||529
|-
|[[Uitenhaagaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe africana]]'' ||Uitenhage aloe ||28.2
|-
|[[Umbeluzibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos umbeluziensis]]'' ||Umbeluzi cycad ||14.19
|-
|[[Umtiza]]||''[[Umtiza listeriana]]''||Umtiza||205
|-
|[[Uniondaletolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron rourkei]]'' ||Uniondale conebush ||81.6
|-
|[[Vaalalbasterboom]] ||''[[Guilandina bonduc]]'' ||Grey nickar||214.4
|-
|[[Vaalblaarwurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba termitaria]]'' ||Grey-leaved worm bush||129.3
|-
|[[Vaalboom]]||''[[Terminalia sericea]]''||Silver cluster-leaf||551
|-
|[[Vaalkameeldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia haematoxylon]]'' ||Grey camel thorn ||169
|-
|[[Vaalkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia transvaalensis]]''||Transvaal cabbage tree||564.3
|-
|[[Vaalkreupelhout]]|| [[Vaalkreupelhout|''Leucospermum conocarpdendron'' subsp. ''conocarpdendron'']] ||Grey pincushion||84
|-
|[[Vaalpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia capitata]]'' ||Ashen spike-thorn ||401.4
|-
|[[Vaalpypsteelboom]]||''[[Vitex zeyheri]]''||Silver pipe-stem tree||666
|-
|[[Vaalrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia monticola]]''||Silver raisin||462
|-
|[[Vaalstompie]] ||''[[Mimetes argenteus]]'' ||Silver pagoda ||72.7
|-
|[[Vaaltolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron conicum]]'' ||Garden Route conebush||78.1
|-
|[[Valleibosnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia grandidens]]''||Valley-bush euphorbia||350
|-
|[[Valleiboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum stylesii]]'' ||Valley bushwillow ||545.5
|-
|[[Valleirooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca natalensis]]'' ||Valley redberry||332.5
|-
|[[Valsassegaai]]||''[[Maesa lanceolata]]''||False assegai||577
|-
|[[Valsbliksembos]]||''[[Pseudophyllanthus ovalis]]||False-lightningbush||305
|-
|[[Valsblinkblaar]] ||''[[Itea rhamnoides]]'' || False shinyleaf ||138
|-
|[[Valsbruidsbos]]||''[[Tarenna pavettoides]]''||False bride's bush||686
|-
|[[Valsdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium armatum]]'' ||False turkeyberry ||715
|-
|[[Valskatjiepiering]] ||''[[Rothmannia capensis]]''||Cape gardenia||693
|-
|[[Valskiepersol]] ||''[[Neocussonia umbellifera]]''||False cabbage tree||566
|-
|[[Valskralesnoer]] ||''[[Micrococca capensis]]'' ||False bead-string||332.2
|-
|[[Valslekkerbreek]] ||''[[Brackenridgea zanguebarica]]'' ||Yellow false-plane ||483.1
|-
|[[Valsmaroela]] ||''[[Lannea schweinfurthii]]''||False marula||363
|-
|[[Valsmispel]] ||''[[Vangueriopsis lanciflora]]''||False medlar||704
|-
|[[Valspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia pyracantha]]'' ||False spikethorn ||403.1
|-
|[[Valspapierblom]] ||''[[Pisonia aculeata]]'' ||Mock bougainvillea ||103.8
|-
|[[Valsperdebos]]||''[[Hippobromus pauciflorus]]''||False horsewood||438
|-
|[[Valsrooipeer]]||''[[Pseudoscolopia polyantha]]''||False-redpear||499
|-
|[[Valssilwerrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia inaequilatera]]''||False-silver raisin||460.1
|-
|[[Valssybas]]||''[[Robsonodendron eucleiforme]]''||False silky-bark||413
|-
|[[Valstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus decipiens]]''||Small-leaf false currant<br />Bastard currant||423
|-
|[[Valsvaalrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia subspathulata]]''||Hybrid raisin||463.8
|-
|[[Vals-wag-'n-bietjie]]||''[[Ziziphus rivularis]]''||False buffalo-thorn||448
|-
|[[Valswaterbessie]] ||''[[Rhynchocalyx lawsonioides]]'' ||False-waterberry ||523.1
|-
|[[Valswitessenhout]] ||''[[Pseudobersama mossambicensis]]'' ||False white ash ||302
|-
|[[Vanstadensbergheuningbostee]] ||''[[Cyclopia longifolia]]'' ||Van Stadensberg honeybush tea ||224.2
|-
|[[Vanstadensepterboom]] ||''[[Paranomus reflexus]]'' ||Van Staden's sceptre ||72.4
|-
|[[Vanwykshout]]||''[[Bolusanthus speciosus]]''||Tree wisteria||222
|-
|[[Veldwildevy]] ||''[[Ficus burtt-davyi]]'' || Burtt Davy's fig ||49
|-
|[[Vendabroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos hirsutus]]'' ||Venda cycad ||14.6
|-
|[[Vendaboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum vendae]]'' ||Venda bushwillow ||540.3
|-
|[[Vendasyhaarkoffie]] ||''[[Sericanthe andongensis subsp. legatti]]'' ||Venda silky-coffee ||697
|-
|[[Vierblaarboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum adenogonium]]'' ||Four-leaved bushwillow ||531.4
|-
|[[Viervingerbos]] ||''[[Bachmannia woodii]]'' ||Four-finger bush ||121
|-
|[[Vlamdoring]]||''[[Senegalia ataxacantha]]''||Flame thorn||160
|-
|[[Vlam-van-die-vlakte]]||''[[Bauhinia galpinii]]''||Pride-of-De Kaap||208.2
|-
|[[Vlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum microphyllum]]'' ||Flamecreeper ||545
|-
|[[Vleidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia stuhlmannii]]'' ||Vlei thorn ||187.1
|-
|[[Vleiknoppiesbos]] ||''[[Berzelia lanuginosa]]'' ||Marsh buttonbush ||141.2
|-
|[[Vleirysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia strobilifera]]'' ||Bog ricebush ||145.3
|-
|[[Vleisneeubos]] ||''[[Berzelia albiflora]]'' ||Marsh snowbush ||141.3
|-
|[[Vleitee]] ||''[[Cyclopia subternata]]'' ||Honeybush-tea ||224.4
|-
|[[Vlerkboon]]||''[[Xeroderris stuhlmannii]]''||Wing bean||240
|-
|[[Vlerkvrugpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia hemipterocarpa]]'' ||Winged-fruit spike-thorn ||399.8
|-
|[[Vlerkwortel]] ||''[[Polemanniopsis marlothii]]'' ||Winged-carrot ||746
|-
|[[Vloedvlaktedoring]] || ''[[Vachellia kirkii subsp. kirkii var. kirkii]]'' ||Floodplain thorn ||173
|-
|[[Voëlsitboom]]||''[[Antidesma venosum]]''||Tassel berry||318
|-
|[[Vratjievrugbliksembos]]||''[[Clutia pulchella]]''||Warty-fruit lightning-bush||336.2
|-
|[[Vratjiewitbessiebos]] ||''[[Flueggea verrucosa]]'' ||Warty white-berry bush ||309.1
|-
|[[Vrystaatse geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia reflexa]]'' || Free State golden-pea<br />Sotho laburnum ||220.1
|-
|[[Waaieraalwyn]] ||''[[Kumara plicatilis]]'' ||Franschhoek aloe ||29.6
|-
|[[Waboom]]||''[[Protea nitida]]''||Wagon tree||86
|-
|[[Wakkerstroomrooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia oreophila]]''||Wakkerstroom red-pear||496.1
|-
|[[Wasagtige broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cerinus]]'' ||Waxen cycad ||14.12
|-
|[[Waterbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos eugene-maraisii]]'' ||Waterberg cycad ||3.1
|-
|[[Waterbergrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia rogersii]]''||Waterberg raisin||463.7
|-
|[[Waterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium cordatum]]''||Water berry||555
|-
|[[Waterboomheide]]||''[[Erica afra]]''||Water tree heath<br />Sweet scented heath||572
|-
|[[Waterdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia nebrownii]]'' ||Water thorn ||177.1
|-
|[[Waterkeurtjie]]||''[[Podalyria calyptrata]]''||Water blossom pea||225
|-
|[[Waterpeer]]||''[[Syzygium guineense]]''||Water pear<br />Water berry||557
|-
|[[Waterpokysterhout]] ||''[[Chionanthus battiscombei]]'' ||Water pock-ironwood ||614
|-
|[[Watersybas]] ||''[[Maytenus cordata]]'' ||Water silkybark||398.3
|-
|[[Watertaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia gerrardii]]'' ||River karee ||378
|-
|[[Watervaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena neriifolia]]''||Cape silveroak<br />Water white alder||729
|-
|[[Watervlier]]||''[[Nuxia oppositifolia]]''||Water elder||635
|-
|[[Watervy]] ||''[[Ficus verruculosa]]'' ||Water fig ||67.1
|-
|[[Waterwitsuikerbos]]||[[Waterwitsuikerbos|Protea punctata]]|| Water white sugarbush || 94.1
|-
|[[Westelike geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia intrusa]]'' ||Western wild laburnum ||219.3
|-
|[[Westelike koolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis hanekomii]]''||Western coalwood||307.2
|-
|[[Westelike smalblaarwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella integra]]'' ||Western lance-leaved wax-berry ||38.1
|-
|[[Wilde-amandel]]||''[[Brabejum stellatifolium]]''||Wild almond||72
|-
|[[Wilde-appelkoos]]||''[[Dovyalis zeyheri]]''||Wild apricot||511
|-
|[[Wildedadelboom]]||''[[Phoenix reclinata]]''||Wild date palm||22
|-
|[[Wildefrangipani]]||''[[Voacanga thouarsii]]''||Wild frangipani||646
|-
|[[Wildegranaat]]||''[[Burchellia bubalina]]''||Wild pomegranate||688
|-
|[[Wildegroenhaarboom]]||''[[Parkinsonia africana]]''||Wild green-hair tree||214
|-
|[[Wildejasmyn]]||''[[Schrebera alata]]''||Wild jasmine||612
|-
|[[Wildekanferboom]] ||''[[Cryptocarya myrtifolia]]'' ||Myrtle wild quince ||115
|-
|[[Wildekastaiing]] ||''[[Calodendrum capense]]'' ||Cape chestnut ||256
|-
|[[Wildelukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus speciosus]]''||Wild loquat||696
|-
|[[Wildemango]]||''[[Cordyla africana]]''||Wild mango||216
|-
|[[Wildemispel]]||''[[Vangueria infausta]]''||Wild medlar||702
|-
|[[Wildemoerbei]]||''[[Trimeria grandifolia]]''||Wild mulberry||503
|-
|[[Wildenaeltjiebos]] ||''[[Montinia caryophyllacea]]'' ||Wild-clovebush ||137.5
|-
|[[Wildenartjie]]||''[[Toddaliopsis bremekampii]]''||Wild mandarin||262
|-
|[[Wildepatat]] ||''[[Maerua racemulosa]]'' ||Forest bush-cherry ||134
|-
|[[Wildeperske]]||''[[Kiggelaria africana]]''||Wild peach||494
|-
|[[Wildepiesang]]||''[[Ensete ventricosum]]''||Wild banana||31
|-
|[[Wildepopulier]]||''[[Macaranga capensis]]''||Wild poplar<br />River macaranga||335
|-
|[[Wildepruim]]||''[[Harpephyllum caffrum]]''||Wild plum||361
|-
|[[Wildesalie]]||''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]''||Sagewood||637
|-
|[[Wildesering]]||''[[Burkea africana]]''||Wild-seringa||197
|-
|[[Wildesuikerappel]] ||''[[Annona senegalensis]]''||Wild custard-apple||105
|-
|[[Wildevlier]] ||''[[Nuxia congesta]]''||Common wild elder||633
|-
|[[Wilgerblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia salicifolia]]''||Willow-leaved shepherd's tree||128.1
|-
|[[Wilgerkorentebos]] ||''[[Searsia angustifolia]]''||Willow karee||377.1
|-
|[[Wilgerkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium arenicola]]'' ||Willow honeythorn ||669.7
|-
|[[Wilgerpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia bachmannii]]''||Willow spike-thorn||398.2
|-
|[[Witbessiebos]]||''[[Flueggea virosa]]''||White-berry bush||309
|-
|[[Witblombos]] ||''[[Metalasia muricata]]''||White bristle bush||736
|-
|[[Witblomtontelhout]]||''[[Volkameria glabra]]''||Tinderwood||667
|-
|[[Witbos]]||''[[Maerua cafra]]''||Spider bush||133
|-
|[[Witels]]||''[[Platylophus trifoliatus]]''||White alder||141
|-
|[[Witessenhout]]||''[[Bersama tysoniana]]''||Coastal white ash||443
|-
|[[Witfluweelboomheide]] ||''[[Erica simii]]''||White-velvet tree erica||576
|-
|[[Withaarbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos friderici-guilielmi]]''||White-haired cycad||4
|-
|[[Without]]||''[[Ilex mitis]]''||Cape holly||397
|-
|[[Witkaree]]||''[[Searsia pendulina]]''||White karree||396
|-
|[[Witkershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus echinatus]]''||White candlewood||405
|-
|[[Witmelkhout]]||''[[Sideroxylon inerme]]''||White milkwood||579
|-
|[[Witolienhout]]||''[[Buddleja saligna]]''||False olive||636
|-
|[[Witonderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus ellipticus]]''||White hazel<br />Natal hazel||143
|-
|[[Witpeer]]||''[[Apodytes dimidiata]]''||White pear||422
|-
|[[Witrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia bicolor]]''||Bastard raisin||458
|-
|[[Witseebasboom]]||''[[Avicennia marina]]''||White mangrove||669
|-
|[[Witsering]] ||''[[Kirkia acuminata]]''||White seringa||267
|-
|[[Witstam]] ||''[[Euclea schimperi]]'' ||Glossy guarri||600
|-
|[[Witdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia polyacantha subsp. campylacantha]]'' ||White-stemmed thorn||180
|-
|[[Witstamkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora tenuipetiolata]]''||White-stem corkwood||289
|-
|[[Witstinkhout]]||''[[Celtis africana]]''||White stinkwood||39
|-
|[[Witstippelbospendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia nemorosa]]''||White forest spike-thorn||399.3
|-
|[[Witsuikerbos]]||''[[Protea lacticolor]]''||Hottentot sugarbush||90
|-
|[[Witysterhout]]||''[[Vepris lanceolata]]''||White ironwood||261
|-
|[[Wolbaardsuikerbos]]||''[[Protea magnifica]]''||Queen sugarbush||86.1
|-
|[[Wolftoon]]||''[[Wolftoon|Portulacaria namaquensis]]''||Namaqua porkbush||104.1
|-
|[[Wolkbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos dolomiticus]]''||Wolkberg cycad||14.4
|-
|[[Wolkbergdrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena transvaalensis]]''||Wolkberg dragon tree||30.10
|-
|[[Wollerige baakhout]]||''[[Greyia radlkoferi]]''||Transvaal bottlebrush||445
|-
|[[Wollerige broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos heenanii]]''||Woolly cycad||14.1
|-
|[[Wollerige geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia woodii]]'' ||Woolly wild laburnum ||219.5
|-
|[[Wollerige kapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis tomentosa]]''||Woolly caperbush||130.1
|-
|[[Wolwedoring]] ||''[[Lycium oxycarpum]]''||Karoo honey-thorn||669.1
|-
|[[Wolwegifboom]] ||''[[Hyaenanche globosa]]''||Hyaena poison||319
|-
|[[Wonderboomvy]]||''[[Ficus salicifolia]]''||Wild rubber fig||60
|-
|[[Wonderkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora buruxa]]''||Wonder corkwoord||272.5
|-
|[[Wonderplant]] ||''[[Tinospora fragosa]]''||Marvel creeper||104.9
|-
|[[Wonderstok]] ||''[[Tinospora tenera]]''||Marvel-creeper||104.10
|-
|[[Woodbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos woodii]]''||Wood's giant-cycad||14
|-
|[[Worsboom]]||''[[Kigelia africana]]''||Sausage tree||678
|-
|[[Wortelboommahonie]] ||''[[Xylocarpus granatum]]'' ||Mangrove mahogany ||294.5
|-
|[[Wurmbasvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia anthelmintica]]''||Worm-bark false-thorn||150
|-
|[[Wyliespoortaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe angelica]]''||Wyliespoort aloe||28.4
|-
|[[Ysterhout]]||''[[Olea capensis]]''||Black ironwood||618
|-
|[[Ystermartiens]] ||''[[Laurophyllus capensis]]''||Iron martin||366
|-
|[[Zambeziboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum celastroides]]'' ||Zambezi bushwillow ||533.8
|-
|[[Zambezikanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea zambesica]]'' ||Zambezi honeysuckletree ||297.1
|-
|[[Zambezikiaat]]||''[[Baikiaea plurijuga]]''||Zambezi-teak||206
|-
|[[Zambeziboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum celastroides]]'' ||Zambezi bushwillow ||533.8
|-
|[[Zambezikaree]] ||''[[Searsia lucens]]''||Zambezi karee||388.2
|-
|[[Zambezivalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha ornata]]'' ||Zambezi false-nettle ||335.6
|-
|[[Zimbabwe-aalwyn]]||[[Zimbabwe-aalwyn|''Aloe excelsa'' var. ''excelsa'']]||Zimbabwe aloe||28.8
|-
|[[Zoeloekersielemoen]]||''[[Vepris trichocarpa]]''||Zulu cherry-orange||263
|-
|[[Zoeloekiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia zuluensis]]'' ||Zulu cabbage-tree ||561
|-
|[[Zoeloelukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus latifolius]]''||Zulu loquat||696.1
|-
|[[Zoeloemelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara concolor]]''||Zulu milkberry||586
|-
|[[Zoeloepeulbessie]]||''[[Dialium schlechteri]]'' ||Zulu podberry ||211
|-
|[[Zoeloevalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia suluensis]]''||Zulu false-thorn||156
|}
{{clear}}
== Bronne ==
* [http://www.treetags.co.za/indigenous-south-african-trees/numbered-FSA-tree-species-list-19-april-2010.pdf Treetags.co.za: Numbered Tree Species List in South Africa, April 2010]
* [http://www.ispotnature.org/TreesSA iSpot: South African Tree Common Names] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621164532/http://www.ispotnature.org/TreesSA |date=21 Junie 2017 }}
* [http://pza.sanbi.org/ SANBI: PlantZAfrica]
* [http://iscantree.co.za/catalogue/ iScanTree: Tree List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706150132/http://iscantree.co.za/catalogue/ |date= 6 Julie 2017 }}
* [https://books.google.co.za/books?id=RFNcAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:ISBN1770078320 Watter Boom Is Dit?, Eugene Moll, Penguin Random House South Africa, 2013]{{Dooie skakel|date=Augustus 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://redlist.sanbi.org/index.php SANBI: Rooilys van Suid-Afrikaanse Plante]
* [https://www.wits.ac.za/media/migration/files/cs-38933-fix/migrated-pdf/pdfs-1/trcflist.pdf Recommended English names for South African Trees, Universiteit van die Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]
* [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9781868259229 Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa, Braam Van Wyk en Piet Van Wyk, 1997]
* [https://pilanesbergsafaris.com/useful_info_tree.php Trees of the Pilanesberg National Park]
* [https://www.sanbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/saprotectedtrees2011.pdf List of Protected Tree Species under the National Forests Act (Wet nr 84 van 1998)]
== Sien ook ==
* [[Bas]]
* [[Blaar]]
* [[Boom]]
* [[Lys van indringerplante in Suid-Afrika]]
* [[Lys van uitheemse bome wat in Suid-Afrika voorkom]]
[[Kategorie:Bome van Afrika| ]]
[[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse lyste|Bome, alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Lyste van plantspesies]]
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{multiple image2
| align = left
| direction = horizontal
| total_width = 900
| footer =
| image1 = Vachellia xanthophloea 20D 3046.jpg
| alt1 = Koorsboom
| caption1 = [[Koorsboom]]
| image2 = Southafrica428yellowwood.jpg
| alt2 = Outeniekwageelhout
| caption2 = [[Outeniekwageelhout|Outenikwa-geelhout]]
| image3 = Vachellia karroo 1947.jpg
| alt3 = Soetdoring
| caption3 = [[Soetdoring]]
| image4 = Tarchonanthus camphoratus 1DS-II 3-4583.jpg
| alt4 = Kanferbos
| caption4 = [[Kanferbos]]
| image5 = Olinia emarginata 1DS-II 0056.jpg
| alt5 = Berghardepeer
| caption5 = [[Berghardepeer]]
| image6 = Cyathea dregei00.jpg
| alt6 = Grasveldboomvaring
| caption6 = [[Grasveldboomvaring|Grasveld-boomvaring]]
| image7 = Cussonia paniculata, habitus, Phalandingwe, a.jpg
| alt7 = Hoëveldkiepersol
| caption7 = [[Hoëveldkiepersol]]
}}{{-}}
Hier volg ’n sorteerbare lys van [[inheems]]e [[boom|bome]] van Suider-Afrika met hulle FSA-nommers:
{| border="1" align="left" class="wikitable sortable"
!Afrikaanse naam!!Botaniese naam!!Engelse naam!!FSA-nommer
|-
|[[Aartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus reticulatus]]''||Potato bush||311
|-
|[[Abiekwasgeelhout]]||''[[Tamarix usneoides]]''||Wild tamarisk||487
|-
|[[Afrikabloubessie]]||''[[Vaccinium exul]]''||Transvaal cranberry||571
|-
|[[Afrikageelmelkhout]]||''[[Garcinia livingstonei]]''||Lowveld mangosteen||486
|-
|[[Afrikaharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa reticulata]]''||Bushveld resin tree||376
|-
|[[Afrikahondsroos]]||''[[Xylotheca kraussiana]]''||African dog-rose||493
|-
|[[Afrikamoerbei]]||''[[Afromorus mesozygia]]''||African mulberry||44
|-
|[[Afrikasoetlemoen]] ||''[[Maclura africana]]'' || Thorny mulberry ||44.1
|-
|[[Afrikasterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia africana]]''||African star-chestnut||474
|-
|[[Afrikawaaierpalm]]||''[[Borassus aethiopum]]''||Selati palm||25
|-
|[[Akkerjakkalsbessie]]||''[[Diospyros natalensis]]''||Small-leaved jackal-berry||607
|-
|[[Albaniebroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos latifrons]]'' ||Albany cycad ||7
|-
|[[Albanierooibostee]] ||''[[Aspalathus teres]]'' ||Albany rooibos tea ||225.9
|-
|[[Albinobessie]]||''[[Aphloia theiformis]]''||Albino-berry ||505
|-
|[[Anaboom]]||''[[Faidherbia albida]]''||Ana tree||159
|-
|[[Angolabrandnetel]] ||''[[Obetia carruthersiana]]'' ||Angola nettle ||69
|-
|[[Angolakiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia angolensis]]'' ||Angola cabbage-tree ||560.5
|-
|[[Angolavingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex angolensis]]'' ||Angola fingerleaf ||659.1
|-
|[[Angolawolftoon]] ||''[[Angolawolftoon|Portulacaria carrissoana]]'' ||Angola porkbush ||103.10
|-
|[[Anysbergsterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia conifera]]'' ||Anysberg startree ||145.5
|-
|[[Apiesdoring]]||''[[Senegalia galpinii]]''||Monkey thorn||166
|-
|[[Apiespeul]]||''[[Senna petersiana]]''||Monkeypod||213
|-
|[[Appelblaar]]||''[[Philenoptera violacea]]''||Apple leaf||238
|-
|[[Assegaai (boom)]]||''[[Curtisia dentata]]''||Assegai bush||570
|-
|[[Baardbessie]] ||''[[Searsia incisa]]'' ||Rubrub-berry ||385
|-
|[[Baardboomheide]] ||''[[Erica triflora]]'' || Bearded tree erica ||575
|-
|[[Barbertonbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta barbertonensis]]'' ||Barberton brides-bush ||716.2
|-
|[[Barbertonse bergsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea comptonii]]'' ||Saddleback sugarbush ||88
|-
|[[Barbertonse broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos paucidentatus]]'' ||Barberton cycad ||11
|-
|[[Basboom]]||''[[Dais cotinifolia]]''||Pompon tree||521
|-
|[[Basboontjie]]||''[[Elephantorrhiza burkei]]''||Sumach bean<br /> Elephantroot||193
|-
|[[Basterkokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron pillansii]]'' ||Bastard quiver tree ||30
|-
|[[Basterkreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum patersonii]]'' ||Silver-edge pincushion ||85
|-
|[[Basterstinkhout]] ||''[[Ocotea kenyensis]]'' ||Mock stinkwood ||119
|-
|[[Bastersuikerappel]] ||''[[Hexalobus monopetalus]]'' ||Shakama plum ||106
|-
|[[Bastersuurpruim]] of [[Bastersuurpruim|kleinvalssuurpruim]] ||''[[Olax dissitiflora]]'' ||Bastard sourplum ||101
|-
|[[Bastertambotie]] ||''[[Cleistanthus schlechteri]]''||False tamboti||320
|-
|[[Bastervy]] ||''[[Trilepisium madagascariense]]'' ||Bastard fig ||45
|-
|[[Baviaanskloofseder]]||''[[Widdringtonia schwarzii]]'' ||Willowmore cedar||21
|-
|[[Bedfordbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cycadifolius]]'' ||Bedford cycad ||14.14
|-
|[[Beesganna]] ||''[[Salsola arborea]]''||Cattle ganna ||103.2
|-
|[[Bergaalwyn]] ||[[Bergaalwyn|''Aloe marlothii'' subsp. ''marlothii'']] ||Mountain aloe||29.5
|-
|[[Bergbamboes]] ||''[[Bergbambos tessellata]]'' ||Drakensberg bamboo ||21.5
|-
|[[Bergbas]] ||''[[Osyris lanceolata]]'' ||Rock tannin bush ||100
|-
|[[Bergbrandnetel]] ||''[[Obetia tenax]]'' ||Mountain nettle ||70
|-
|[[Bergdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium kuntzeanum]]'' ||Mountain turkey-berry ||708.1
|-
|[[Bergfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea angustifolia]]'' ||Mountain fountain-bush ||226.15
|-
|[[Berggeelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia sericea]]'' ||Mountain wild laburnum ||219.4
|-
|[[Bergghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea coriacea]]'' ||Mountain guarri ||593
|-
|[[Berghardepeer]] ||''[[Olinia emarginata]]''||Mountain hard-pear<br />Transvaal hard-pear||514
|-
|[[Bergkaree]] ||''[[Searsia leptodictya]]'' ||Mountain karree||387
|-
|[[Bergkoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia divaricata]]'' || Mountain kuni-bush ||381.2
|-
|[[Bergmahonie]] ||''[[Entandrophragma caudatum]]''||Mountain mahogany||293
|-
|[[Bergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia phillipsii]]'' ||Mountain ricebush ||145.13
|-
|[[Bergsalie]] ||''[[Buddleja loricata]]'' ||Mountain Sagewood ||636.2
|-
|[[Bergsering]] ||''[[Kirkia wilmsii]]''||Mountain seringa||269
|-
|[[Bergsipres]] ||''[[Widdringtonia nodiflora]]''||Mountain cypress||20
|-
|[[Bergtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. integrifolia]]'' ||Mountain firethorn currant ||392.3
|-
|[[Bergvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena rotundata]]'' ||Mountain silver-oak ||730
|-
|[[Bergverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera frutescens]]''||Mountain Indigo ||226.3
|-
|[[Bergwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella microbracteata]]'' ||Mountain waxberry ||37.2
|-
|[[Bergwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria parvifolia]]'' ||Mountain wild-medlar ||703
|-
|[[Bergwildepiesang]] ||''[[Strelitzia caudata]]''||Transvaal wild banana||33
|-
|[[Bergwitboom]] ||''[[Ehretia alba]]''||White Puzzle-bush||655.5
|-
|[[Besembos]] ||''[[Searsia erosa]]'' ||Broom karee ||383
|-
|[[Besemkraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia fastigiata]]'' ||Broom currant ||383.1
|-
|[[Besemtrosvy]]||''[[Ficus sur]]''||Broom cluster fig||50
|-
|[[Bietou]] ||''[[Osteospermum moniliferum]]'' ||Bush tickberry ||736.1
|-
|[[Bitteraalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe ferox]]'' ||Bitter aloe ||29.2
|-
|[[Bitterblaar]]||''[[Brachylaena elliptica]]''||Bitter leaf||725
|-
|[[Bitterkaree]] ||''[[Searsia marlothii]]'' ||Bitter karee ||389.2
|-
|[[Bittervalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia amara]]''||Bitter false-thorn||149
|-
|[[Blaarbessie]] ||''[[Tapura fischeri]]'' ||Leafberry ||304
|-
|[[Blaasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia luederitzii var. retinens]]'' ||Balloon thorn ||174.1
|-
|[[Bladdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia fleckii]]'' ||Blade thorn ||165
|-
|[[Bleekbassoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia natalitia]]'' ||Pale-bark sweet thorn ||172.1
|-
|[[Blinkblaar]]||''[[Rhamnus prinoides]]''||Dogwood||452
|-
|[[Blinkblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora schimperi]]''||Glossy-leaved corkwood||287
|-
|[[Blinkblaarsuurbessie]] ||''[[Dovyalis lucida]]'' ||Glossy-leaved bitterberry ||508
|-
|[[Blinkblaar-wag-’n-bietjie]]||''[[Ziziphus mucronata]]''||Buffalo-thorn||447
|-
|[[Blinkblaarwitessenhout]]||''[[Bersama lucens]]''||Glossy white ash||439
|-
|[[Blinkbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta kotzei]]''||Glossy Forest Brides-bush||717.3
|-
|[[Blinkfluweelkaree]] ||''[[Searsia quartiniana]]'' ||Glossy velvet karee ||393
|-
|[[Blinkhardebos]] ||''[[Phylica oleifolia]]'' ||Glossy hard-leaf ||453.3
|-
|[[Blinktaaibos]]||''[[Searsia lucida]]''||Glossy wild currant||388.1
|-
|[[Bloedhoutbos]] ||''[[Haematoxylum dinteri]]'' ||Bloodwood-bush ||213.6
|-
|[[Blombos]] ||''[[Metalasia densa]]'' ||Common flowerbush ||735.4
|-
|[[Blosendesuikerbos]] of [[Blosendesuikerbos|pienksuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea stokoei]]'' ||Pink sugarbush ||97.5
|-
|[[Bloubaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora caerulea]]'' ||Blue-barked corkwood ||272.1
|-
|[[Bloubitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos usambarensis]]''||Blue bitterberry||631
|-
|[[Bloublaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora glaucescens]]'' ||Blue-leaved corkwood ||276
|-
|[[Bloublaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia glaucophylla]]'' ||Blue-leaved spike-thorn ||399.6
|-
|[[Bloublaarrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna glauca]]'' ||Blue-leaved plane ||479.3
|-
|[[Bloublaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua decumbens]]'' ||Blue-leaved spiderbush ||133.2
|-
|[[Bloubos]]||''[[Diospyros lycioides]]''||Karoo bluebush||605.2
|-
|[[Bloubotterboom]] ||''[[Tylecodon paniculatus subsp. glaucus]]'' ||Blue botterboom ||743
|-
|[[Bloubroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos nubimontanus]]'' ||Blue cycad ||14.9
|-
|[[Bloughwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea crispa]]''||Mountain guarri||594
|-
|[[Blouhaak]] ||''[[Senegalia erubescens]]''||Blue thorn||164
|-
|[[Blouheuningbos]] ||''[[Freylinia tropica]]'' ||Blue honeybells ||670.3
|-
|[[Bloukoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia glauca]]'' ||Blue kuni-bush ||383.2
|-
|[[Bloulourier]] ||''[[Cryptocarya angustifolia]]'' ||Blue laurel ||112
|-
|[[Baardsuikerbos]] ||''[[Baardsuikerbos|Protea neriifolia]]'' ||Blue sugarbush ||93.1
|-
|[[Blousuurpruim]] ||[[Blousuurpruim|''Ximenia americana'' var. ''america'']] ||Blue sourplum||101.5
|-
|[[Bloutaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia zeyheri]]'' ||Blue crowberry ||396.1
|-
|[[Bloutolbos]] ||''[[Diospyros pallens]]'' ||Blue star-apple ||607.3
|-
|[[Blyderivierbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cupidus]]'' ||Blyde River cycad ||14.13
|-
|[[Blydesuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea laetans]]'' ||Blyde sugarbush ||90.4
|-
|[[Bobbejaankoolbos]] ||''[[Othonna triplinervia]]'' ||Three-veined othonna ||741
|-
|[[Bobbejaankos]] ||''[[Stangeria eriopus]]'' ||Natal grass cycad ||14.21
|-
|[[Boesmansgif]]||''[[Acokanthera oppositifolia]]''||Common poison-bush||639
|-
|[[Boesmansrivierbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos trispinosus]]'' ||Bushman's River cycad ||14.18
|-
|[[Boesmanstee]]||''[[Catha edulis]]''||Bushman's tea||404
|-
|[[Bokbitterappel]] ||''[[Solanum aculeastrum]]''||Goat-apple||669.3
|-
|[[Bokkeveldpoppiesbos]] ||''[[Paranomus bracteolaris]]'' ||Smooth-leaved tree-sceptre ||72.3
|-
|[[Boomaalwyn]]||''[[Aloidendron barberae]]''||Tree aloe||28
|-
|[[Boomranknetel]] ||''[[Urera trinervis]]'' ||tree climbing-nettle ||70.1
|-
|[[Borselaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe rupestris]]'' ||Bottlebrush aloe ||30.3
|-
|[[Bosappelblaar]]||''[[Philenoptera sutherlandii]]''||Forest appleleaf||228
|-
|[[Bosbeesklou]]||''[[Bauhinia tomentosa]]''||Bush neat's foot||208.1
|-
|[[Bosblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya tiliacea]]'' ||Forest wildpear ||472
|-
|[[Bosboerboon]]||''[[Schotia latifolia]]''||Forest boerbean||204
|-
|[[Bosboomvaring]]||''[[Gymnosphaera capensis]]''||Forest tree fern||2
|-
|[[Bosbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta inandensis]]'' ||Forest bride’s bush ||718
|-
|[[Bosdoringklipels]]||''[[Canthium inerme]]''||Common turkey-berry||708
|-
|[[Bosgeelmelkhout]]||''[[Garcinia gerrardii]]''||Forest mangosteen||485
|-
|[[Boshardepeer]]||''[[Olinia radiata]]''||Forest hard-pear||515
|-
|[[Bosjakkalskoffie]]||''[[Tricalysia capensis]]''||Forest jackal-coffee||698
|-
|[[Bosjesmansbrood]] ||''[[Encephalartos afer]]'' ||Grahamstown cycad ||14.11
|-
|[[Boskamhout]]||''[[Baphia racemosa]]''||Natal camwood||224
|-
|[[Boskanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada procera]]'' ||Forest canaryberry ||339
|-
|[[Boskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora woodii]]''||Forest corkwood||291
|-
|[[Boskasieboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum padoides]]'' ||Thicket bushwillow ||534.1
|-
|[[Boskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia thunbergia]]''||Forest gardena<br />White gardenia||692
|-
|[[Boskiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia sphaerocephala]]''||Natal forest cabbage tree||564.2
|-
|[[Bosklouterboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum edwardsii]]'' ||Forest climbing bushwillow ||534.2
|-
|[[Boskokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus deflexa]]'' ||Forest kokotree ||402.9
|-
|[[Boskoorsbessie]]||''[[Croton sylvaticus]]''||Forest fever-berry||330
|-
|[[Boskoorsboom]]||''[[Anthocleista grandiflora]]''||Forest fever tree||632
|-
|[[Boskranses]]||''[[Atalaya natalensis]]''||Natal krantz ash||429
|-
|[[Boslaventelboom]]||''[[Heteropyxis canescens]]''||Forest lavender tree||454
|-
|[[Boslepelhout]]||''[[Cassine peragua]]''||Mountain saffron||414
|-
|[[Bosmelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara discolor]]''||Forest milkberry||588
|-
|[[Bosmelkhout]]||''[[Vitellariopsis marginata]]''||Natal bush milkwood||590
|-
|[[Bosmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia natalitia]]''||Common forest myrtle||553.2
|-
|[[Bosnanabessie]] ||''[[Searsia grandidens]]''||Sharp-toothed currant ||381.3
|-
|[[Bosolienhout]]||''[[Olea woodiana]]''||Forest olive||620
|-
|[[Bospaddaboom]]||''[[Tabernaemontana ventricosa]]''||Forest toad tree||645
|-
|[[Bospeper]] of [[Bospeper|wildepeper]] ||''[[Piper capense]]'' ||Wild pepper ||34.5
|-
|[[Bosperske]]||''[[Rawsonia lucida]]''||Forest peach||491
|-
|[[Bospoubessie]]||''[[Margaritaria discoidea var. fagifolia]]''||Forest peacockberry||310
|-
|[[Bosrooiessenhout]]||''[[Trichilia dregeana]]''||Forest mahogany||300
|-
|[[Bosrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna arborea var. oconnorii]]'' ||Forest plane ||482
|-
|[[Bosrooimelkhout]]||''[[Mimusops obovata]]''||Red milkwood||584
|-
|[[Bosrooivingers]] ||''[[Xylopia gracilipes]]'' ||Forest redfingers ||109
|-
|[[Bosrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia lasiocarpa]]''||Forest raisin||461
|-
|[[Bossaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron croceum]]''||Small-leaved saffron||415
|-
|[[Bosstamvrug]]||''[[Chrysophyllum viridifolium]]''||Fluted milkwood||580
|-
|[[Bostaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia chirindensis]]''||Red currant||380
|-
|[[Bosvaalbos]] ||[[Bosvaalbos|''Brachylaena discolor'' var. ''transvaalensis'']] ||Woodland silver oak||731
|-
|[[Bosvaderlandswilg]] ||''[[Combretum kraussii]]''||Forest bushwillow||540
|-
|[[Bosvalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha glabrata]]''||Forest mock nettle||335.1
|-
|[[Bosvalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia verrucosa]]'' ||False forest spikethorn ||403.2
|-
|[[Bosveldboekenhout]] ||''[[Faurea saligna]]''||Transvaal beech||75
|-
|[[Bosveldhalfmaanranker]] ||''[[Cocculus hirsutus]]'' || Python climber ||104.6
|-
|[[Bosveldharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa paniculosa]]''||Broad-leaved resin tree||375
|-
|[[Bosveldkandelaarnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia cooperi]]''||Bushveld candelabra tree||346
|-
|[[Bosveldkatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia volkensii]]''||Transvaal gardenia||691.1
|-
|[[Bosveldklipels]]||''[[Psydrax livida]]''||Green quar||713
|-
|[[Bosveldpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia mossambicensis]]'' ||Black forest spike-thorn ||399.10
|-
|[[Bosveldpoubessie]]||''[[Margaritaria discoidea var. nitida]]''||Bushveld peacockberry||310.1
|-
|[[Bosveldrooiklapperbos]] ||''[[Erythrophysa transvaalensis]]''||Transvaal red balloon||436.2
|-
|[[Bosveldsaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron transvaalense]]''||Condiment saffron||416
|-
|[[Bosveldvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia harveyi]]''||Common false-thorn||155
|-
|[[Bosveldwitklokke]]||''[[Rothmannia fischeri]]''||Cape gardenia||694
|-
|[[Bosveldwitysterhout]]||''[[Vepris reflexa]]''||Bushveld white ironwood||260
|-
|[[Bosverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera natalensis]]''||Forest Indigo||226.6
|-
|[[Bosvlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum paniculatum]]'' ||Forest flamecreeper ||545.3
|-
|[[Bosvlier]]||''[[Nuxia floribunda]]''||Forest elder||634
|-
|[[Bosvy]]||''[[Ficus craterostoma]]''||Forest fig||52
|-
|[[Boswaterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium gerrardii]]''||Forest waterwood||556
|-
|[[Boswitsuikerbos]] ||''[[Boswitsuikerbos|Protea mundii]]''|| Forest white sugarbush || 93
|-
|[[Bosysterpruim]]||''[[Drypetes gerrardii]]''||Forest ironplum||314
|-
|[[Botrivierheuningklokkies]] ||''[[Freylinia helmei]]'' ||Bot River honeybells ||670.6
|-
|[[Botriviersuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea compacta]]'' ||Bot River sugarbush || 87.1
|-
|[[Bottelboom]]||''[[Pachypodium lealii]]''||Bottle tree||648
|-
|[[Botterboom]]||''[[Tylecodon paniculatus]]''||Butter tree||137.1
|-
|[[Botterklapper]]||''[[Strychnos madagascariensis]]''||Black monkey orange||626
|-
|[[Braamtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia batophylla]]'' ||Bramble currant ||377.3
|-
|[[Brakdoring]] ||[[Vachellia robusta subsp. clavigera]] ||Narrow-pod robust thorn thorn ||183.1
|-
|[[Brandbergdoring]] ||[[Senegalia montis-usti]] ||Brandberg thorn ||177
|-
|[[Bredasdorpsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea obtusifolia]]'' ||Bredasdorp protea ||94
|-
|[[Breëblaarboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea rochetiana]]''||Broad-leaved beech||76
|-
|[[Breëblaarharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa obovata]]'' ||Broad-leaved resin tree ||374
|-
|[[Breëblaarkanferbos]] ||''[[Tarchonanthus trilobus var. galpinii]]'' ||Broad-leaved camphorbush ||734
|-
|[[Breëblaarklipels]] ||''[[Afrocanthium pseudorandii]]'' ||Mottled-bark rock-alder ||709.2
|-
|[[Breëblaarkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina latissima]]''||Broad-leaved coral tree||244
|-
|[[Breëblaarkweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya latifolia]]''||Broad-leaved quince||113
|-
|[[Breëblaarpluisbos]] ||''[[Lopholaena platyphylla]]'' || Broad-leaved fluff bush||738.1
|-
|[[Breëblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea eximia]]'' ||Broad-leaf sugarbush ||88.3
|-
|[[Breëblaarveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne ovalifolia]]''||Broad-leaved fibre-bush ||517.5
|-
|[[Breëblaarwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella pilulifera]]'' ||Broad-leaved waxberry ||37
|-
|[[Breëblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia mossambicensis]]'' ||Broad-leaved shepherd tree ||127
|-
|[[Breekhout]]||''[[Alberta magna]]''||Magnificent flame bush||701
|-
|[[Breëpeulvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia forbesii]]''||Broad-pod false-thorn<br />Broad-pod albizia||154
|-
|[[Breëriviergeelhout]]||''[[Podocarpus elongatus]]''||Breede River yellowwood||15
|-
|[[Brosblaar]]||''[[Galpinia transvaalica]]''||Transvaal privet||523
|-
|[[Brosdoring]] ||''[[Phaeoptilum spinosum]]'' ||Brittle thorn ||103.7
|-
|[[Bruinaalwyn]] of [[Bruinaalwyn|wolkbergaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe dolomitica]]'' of ook soms ''[[Aloe vryheidensis]]'' ||Brown aloe<br />Wolkberg aloe ||29.1
|-
|[[Bruinivoor]]||''[[Berchemia discolor]]''||Brown ivory||449
|-
|[[Bruinstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora giessii]]'' ||Brown-stemmed corkwood || 275.5
|-
|[[Bruinysterhout]] ||''[[Homalium dentatum]]''||Brown ironwood||501
|-
|[[Bubuvy]] ||''[[Ficus bubu]]'' ||Bubu fig ||56
|-
|[[Buig-my-nie]]||''[[Buxus macowanii]]''||Cape box||358
|-
|[[Bukshardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica buxifolia]]'' ||Box hard-leaf ||453.1
|-
|[[Clanwilliamaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe comosa]]'' ||Clanwilliam aloe ||28.7
|-
|[[Clanwilliamseder]]||''[[Widdringtonia cedarbergensis]]''||Clanwilliam cedar||19
|-
|[[Damarakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora crenato-serrata]]'' ||Damara corkwood ||274
|-
|[[Delagoadoring]]||''[[Senegalia welwitschii]]''||Delagoa thorn<br />Hairy umbrella thorn||163
|-
|[[Deurmekaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia rigida]]''||Puzzle bush||657
|-
|[[Dikbas]]||''[[Lannea discolor]]''||Live-long||362
|-
|[[Dikblaarbosmirt]] ||''[[Eugenia umtamvunensis]]'' ||Thick-leaved myrtleberry ||553.6
|-
|[[Dikblaargroenappel]] ||''[[Monodora junodii|Monodora junodii var. macrantha]]'' ||Thick-leave green-apple ||107.2
|-
|[[Disseldoring]] ||''[[Berkheya chamaepeuce]]'' ||Tree thistle thorn ||742
|-
|[[Donkievy]] ||''[[Mestoklema arboriforme]]'' ||Donkey mesemb ||103.6
|-
|[[Donsiebos]] ||''[[Senecio barbertonicus]]'' || Barberton groundsel ||738.5
|-
|[[Dopperkiaat]]||''[[Pterocarpus rotundifolius]]''||Round-leaved teak||237
|-
|[[Doppruim]]||''[[Pappea capensis]]''||Jacket-plum||433
|-
|[[Doringbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos horridus]]'' ||Eastern Cape blue cycad ||14.15
|-
|[[Doringkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora glandulosa]]''||Tall common corkwood||285.1
|-
|[[Doringkatjiepiering]]||''[[Hyperacanthus amoenus]]''||Thorny gardenia||690
|-
|[[Doringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium spinosum]]'' ||Thorny turkeyberry ||707
|-
|[[Doringolm]]||''[[Chaetacme aristata]]''||Thorny elm||43
|-
|[[Doringpeer]]||''[[Scolopia zeyheri]]''||Thorn pear||498
|-
|[[Doringrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca berberidea]]''||Prickly redberry||332.1
|-
|[[Doringtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia longispina]]'' ||Spiny currant ||388
|-
|[[Doringvalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha sonderiana]]'' ||Thorny false nettle ||335.2
|-
|[[Dorinkiedoring]] ||''[[Senegalia brevispica subsp. dregeana]]'' ||Prickly thorn ||160.2
|-
|[[Dorre haakdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia hereroensis]]'' ||Arid hook thorn ||171
|-
|[[Drakensbergboomheide]] ||''[[Erica dracomontana]]'' || Dragon heath ||574.2
|-
|[[Drakensbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ghellinckii]]''||Drakensberg cycad ||5
|-
|[[Drakensbergkaree]] ||''[[Searsia montana]]'' ||Drakensberg karee ||384.1
|-
|[[Drakensbergpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia devenishii]]'' ||Drakensberg spike-thorn ||399.5
|-
|[[Drakensbergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia repens]]'' ||Drakensberg ricebush ||145.15
|-
|[[Driedoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum trichotomum]]'' ||Three-thorn rhigozum ||676.1
|-
|[[Driehaakdoring]]||''[[Senegalia senegal var. rostrata]]''||Bushy three-hooked thorn||185.1
|-
|[[Drietandkanferbos]]||''[[Tarchonanthus trilobus]]''||Trident camphortree||735
|-
|[[Dubbelkroonboom]]||''[[Julbernardia globiflora]]''||African munondo||207.1
|-
|[[Duikerbessie]] ||''[[Sclerocroton integerrimus]]'' ||Duiker-berry tallow-tree||343
|-
|[[Duinbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos arenarius]]'' ||Alexandria cycad ||3.2
|-
|[[Duinebessie]] ||''[[Muraltia scoparia]]'' ||Duneberry ||303.3
|-
|[[Duinebruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta revoluta]]''||Dune bride's bush||720
|-
|[[Duineganna]] ||''[[Duineganna|Salsola nollothensis]]'' ||Dune ganna ||103.9
|-
|[[Duinegeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron coniferum]]'' ||Dune conebush ||82
|-
|[[Duineghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea racemosa]]''||Dune guarri<br />Sea guarri||599.3
|-
|[[Duinegifboom]] ||''[[Acokanthera oblongifolia]]'' ||Dune poison-bush||638
|-
|[[Duinekokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus procumbens]]'' ||Dune koko tree ||401.1
|-
|[[Duinekraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia crenata]]'' ||Dune crowberry ||380.1
|-
|[[Duinekriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium ferocissimum]]'' ||Dune honeythorn ||669.11
|-
|[[Duinemirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia capensis]]''||Dune myrtle||553.1
|-
|[[Duine-olienhout]] ||''[[Olea exasperata]]'' ||Dune olive ||619
|-
|[[Duinependoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia arenicola]]'' ||Dune spike-thorn ||399.4
|-
|[[Duineseepbessie]]||''[[Deinbollia oblongifolia]]''||Dune soap-berry||430
|-
|[[Duinesoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia kosiensis]]'' ||Dune sweet thorn ||172.2
|-
|[[Duinesterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros rotundifolia]]'' ||Dune star-apple ||608
|-
|[[Duinesuurbessie]] ||''[[Dovyalis rotundifolia]]'' ||Dune sourberry ||510
|-
|[[Duinesybas]]||''[[Robsonodendron maritimum]]'' ||Dune mock silky-bark ||413.1
|-
|[[Duinetaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia laevigata]]'' ||Dune currant ||385.2
|-
|[[Duinevalstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus natalensis]]''||Dune false currant||426
|-
|[[Duinewasbessie]] ||''[[Morella cordifolia]]'' ||Dune waxberry ||37.1
|-
|[[Dunblaarfonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea glabra]]'' || Narrow-leaf fountain-bush ||226.9
|-
|[[Dwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis afra]]'' ||Dwababerry ||107.1
|-
|[[Dwergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos humilis]]'' ||Dwarf cycad ||14.16
|-
|[[Dwergpruimbas]] ||''[[Osyris speciosa]]'' ||Cape sumach ||100.1
|-
|[[Dwergvy]] ||''[[Ficus pygmaea]]'' || Dwarf fig ||50.2
|-
|[[Dwergwolftoon]] ||''[[Dwergwolftoon|Portulacaria fruticulosa]]'' ||Dwarf porkbush ||104.2
|-
|[[Ebbehoutghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea pseudebenus]]''||Ebony tree<br />Black ebony||598
|-
|[[Ebutsinidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia ebutsiniorum]]'' ||Ebutsini thorn ||163.5
|-
|[[Eikeblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora wildii]]'' ||Oak-leaved corkwoord ||290.1
|-
|[[Enkelblaarkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia natalensis]]''||Rock cabbage tree||562
|-
|[[Enkeldoring]]||''[[Vachellia robusta]] subps. robusta''||Ankle thorn<br />Splendid thorn<br />Brack thorn<br />Broad-pod robust thorn||183
|-
|[[Enkeldoringnoemnoem]]||''[[Carissa spinarum]]''||Simple-spine carissa<br />Conkerberry<br />Arabian num-num||640.4
|-
|[[Enkelgroendoring]]||''[[Balanites aegyptiaca]]''||Desert date<br />Egyptian balsam||251.1
|-
|[[Ertjiehout]] ||''[[Craibia zimmermannii]]'' ||Peawood ||229
|-
|[[Essenhout]]||''[[Ekebergia capensis]]''||Cape ash||298
|-
|[[Fluweelboswilg]]||''[[Combretum molle]]''||Velvet bushwillow||537
|-
|[[Fluweelkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora mollis]]''||Velvet corkwood||280
|-
|[[Fluweelkaree]] ||''[[Searsia engleri]]'' ||Velvet karee ||382
|-
|[[Fluweelklipels]]||''[[Afrocanthium gilfillanii]]''||Velvet rockalder||706
|-
|[[Fluweelrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca menyharthii]]''||Velvet redberry||332.3
|-
|[[Fluweelsoetbessie]]||''[[Bridelia mollis]]''||Velvet sweetberry||325
|-
|[[Fluweelvrughardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica purpurea]]'' ||Velvet-fruited/hardleaf ||453.5
|-
|[[Fluweelvrugzanha]]||''[[Zanha africana]]''||Velvet-fruit zanha||438.5
|-
|[[Fonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea aphylla]]'' || Leafless fountain-bush ||226.8
|-
|[[Fransaalwyn]]||''[[Aloe pluridens]]''||French aloe||30.1
|-
|[[Fynbauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia natalensis]]''||Dainty bauhinia||208.5
|-
|[[Fynbitterblaar]]||''[[Brachylaena ilicifolia]]''||Small bitter-leaf||728
|-
|[[Fynblaarboerboon]] ||''[[Schotia afra var. angustifolia]]'' ||Small-leaved boerbean||201.1
|-
|[[Fynblaarbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta zeyheri]]'' ||Small-leaved bride’s bush ||722
|-
|[[Fynblaarbruinysterhout]] ||''[[Homalium rufescens]]'' ||Small-leaved brown-ironwood||502
|-
|[[Fynblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kraeuseliana]]'' ||Feather-leaved corkwoord ||277.5
|-
|[[Fynblaarrooihout]]||''[[Ochna serrulata]]''||Small-leaved plane||479.1
|-
|[[Fynblaarwildemoerbei]]||''[[Trimeria trinervis]] ||Small-leaved wild mulberry||504
|-
|[[Fynbossterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros glabra]]'' ||Blueberry bush ||603.1
|-
|[[Fyndoring]] ||''[[Vachellia tenuispina]]'' ||Turf thorn ||187.3
|-
|[[Gamtooskiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia gamtoosensis]]'' ||Gamtoos cabbage tree||565.2
|-
|[[Gannabos]] of [[Gannabos|seepganna]] ||''[[Salsola aphylla]]'' ||Lye ganna ||103.3
|-
|[[Gariepbauhinia]]||''[[Adenolobus garipensis]]''||Blue neat's foot||208
|-
|[[Gariepharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa namaquensis]]''||Gariep resin tree ||373.2
|-
|[[Gariepkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora gariepensis]]'' ||Gariep corkwoord ||275.3
|-
|[[Gariepkaree]] ||''[[Searsia populifolia]]'' ||Gariep karee ||391.1
|-
|[[Garieppendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia gariepensis]]'' ||Gariep spike-thorn ||401.5
|-
|[[Garieppronkstert]] ||''[[Gelrebia bracteata]]'' ||Gariep plumeflower ||214.1
|-
|[[Gariepsmalblaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia linearis subsp. lanceolata]]'' ||Gariep narrow-leaved spike-thorn ||401.10
|-
|[[Geelbauhinia]] ||''[[Bauhinia tomentosa]]'' ||Yellow bauhinia ||208.1
|-
|[[Geelbitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos mitis]]'' ||Yellow bitterberry ||627
|-
|[[Geelblomvoëlbessie]]||''[[Psychotria capensis]]''||Bird-berry||723
|-
|[[Geeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum obovatum]]'' ||Yellow pomegranate ||675
|-
|[[Geelhout]]||''[[Podocarpus latifolius]]''||Real yellowwood||18
|-
|[[Geelkeurboom]]||''[[Calpurnia aurea]]''||Natal laburnum||219
|-
|[[Geelpapierkelk]]||''[[Monotes glaber]]''||Palefruit monotes||486.5
|-
|[[Geelpistoolbos]] ||''[[Justicia aconitiflora]]'' ||Lemon pistol-bush ||681.2
|-
|[[Geelskulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria citrina]]'' ||Yellow shell-flower bush ||672.1
|-
|[[Geelsuikerbos]] of [[Geelsuikerbos|geelsuikerkan]] ||[[Geelsuikerbos|''Protea aurea'' subsp. ''aurea'']] ||Common shuttlecock sugarbush ||90.3
|-
|[[Geelwortelboom]]||''[[Steganotaenia araliacea]]''||Carrot tree||569
|-
|[[Geneesblaarboom]] ||''[[Solanum giganteum]]''||Healing-leaf tree||669.4
|-
|[[Gewone bruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta gardeniifolia var. gardeniifolia]]'' ||Common bride’s bush ||716
|-
|[[Gewone drolpeer]] ||''[[Dombeya rotundifolia]]''||Common wild pear||471
|-
|[[Gewone ghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea undulata]]''||Common guarri||601
|-
|[[Gewone haakdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia afra]]''||Common hook-thorn||162
|-
|[[Gewone hardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica paniculata]]''||Common hard-leaf||453.2
|-
|[[Gewone kanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada africana]]'' ||Common canaryberry ||338
|-
|[[Gewone kanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora pyracanthoides]]'' ||Firethorn corkwood ||285
|-
|[[Gewone kraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia pentheri]]''||Common crow-berry||391
|-
|[[Gewone luisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum cuneiforme]]'' ||Wart-stemmed pincushion ||84.2
|-
|[[Gewone protea]] of [[Gewone protea|gewone suikerbos]] ||[[Gewone protea|''Protea afra'' subsp. ''afra'']]||Common sugarbush||87
|-
|[[Gewone taaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides]]''||Common wildcurrant<br />||392
|-
|[[Gewone wildekweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya transvaalensis]]'' ||Mountain wild-quince ||114
|-
|[[Gewone wildepietersieliebos]]||''[[Heteromorpha arborescens]]''||Parsley-tree<br />Parsnip-tree||568
|-
|[[Gewone wildevy]]||''[[Ficus burkei]]''||Common wild fig||48
|-
|[[Gifbergboomvygie]] ||''[[Stoeberia giftbergensis]]'' ||Gifberg tree-vygie ||756
|-
|[[Gifbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta schumanniana]]'' ||Poison bride’s bush ||721
|-
|[[Gifolyf]]||''[[Peddiea africana]]''||Poison-olive||517
|-
|[[Gifsterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros dichrophylla]] ''||Poison star-apple ||603
|-
|[[Gladblaarbaakhout]]||''[[Greyia sutherlandii]]''||Natal bottlebrush||446
|-
|[[Gladdeblaarwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria madagascariensis]]'' ||Smooth-leaved wild-medlar ||702.1
|-
|[[Gladdeblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya cymosa]]''||Natal wild pear||469
|-
|[[Gladdekola]]||''[[Cola natalensis]]''||Coshwood||478
|-
|[[Gladderankwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua juncea supsp. juncea]]'' ||Smooth climbing spiderbush ||133.6
|-
|[[Gladdeslapmispel]]||''[[Vangueria lasiantha]]''||Natal medlar||705
|-
|[[Gladdesuurpruim]] ||''[[Ximenia afra var natalensis]]'' ||Smooth-twigged sourplum ||103.1
|-
|[[Gladdeveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne subcordata]]''||Smooth fibre-bush||519
|-
|[[Glansrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia vernicosa]]''||Glossy raisinbush||463.11
|-
|[[Gordoniavalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia saxatilis]]'' ||Gordonia false spikethorn ||403.4
|-
|[[Goueklokkiesboontjieboom]] ||''[[Markhamia obtusifolia]]'' ||Golden bell-bean ||677.1
|-
|[[Gouetee]]||''[[Aspalathus pendula]]'' || Golden tea ||225.11
|-
|[[Gouevingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex patula]]'' ||Gold fingerleaf ||662
|-
|[[Granietvy]] ||[[Granietvy|''Ficus natalensis'' subsp. ''granitticola'']] ||Granite fig ||56.5
|-
|[[Graskopaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe alooides]]'' ||Graskop aloe ||28.3
|-
|[[Grasveldboomvaring]] ||''[[Cyathea dregei]]'' ||Common tree fern ||1
|-
|[[Grasveldrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna confusa]]'' ||Grassland plane ||479.4
|-
|[[Griekwakokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus ilicina]]'' ||Griqua kokotree ||398.5
|-
|[[Griekwasuurkaree]] ||''[[Searsia tridactyla]]'' ||Griqua sour karee ||394.2
|-
|[[Groefbasboomheide]] ||''[[Erica canaliculata]]'' ||Grooved-bark tree erica ||573.1
|-
|[[Groefstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora karibensis]] ''||Angular-stemmed corkwoord ||277.2
|-
|[[Groenappel]] ||''[[Monodora junodii var. junodii]]'' ||Green apple ||107
|-
|[[Groenblaarwurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba natalensis]]'' ||Green-leaved worm bush ||129.1
|-
|[[Groenblomtolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron loranthifolium]]'' ||Green-flower conebush ||81.5
|-
|[[Groendoring]]||''[[Balanites maughamii]]''||Green thorn||251
|-
|[[Groenharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa concolor]]'' ||Green resin tree ||369.1
|-
|[[Groenhofiesuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea coronata]]'' ||Green sugarbush ||91.1
|-
|[[Groenklapper]] ||''[[Strychnos spinosa]]''||Green monkey orange||629
|-
|[[Groenkreupelhout]] ||[[Groenkreupelhout|''Leucospermum conocarpodendron'' subsp. ''viridum'']] ||Green pincushion ||84.1
|-
|[[Groenstamkanniedood]]|| ''[[Commiphora neglecta]]''||Green-stem corkwood||283
|-
|[[Grootblaardrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena aletriformis]]''||Large-leaved dragon tree||30.9
|-
|[[Grootblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora anacardiifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved corkwood ||271
|-
|[[Grootblaarlaventelboom]] ||''[[Heteropyxis dehniae]]''||Large-leaved lavender tree||455.1
|-
|[[Grootblaarmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia erythrophylla]]''||Large-leaved myrtle||553.3
|-
|[[Grootblaarpieringbessie]] ||''[[Cordia africana]]''||Large-leaved saucer-berry||651
|-
|[[Grootblaarrotsvy]] ||''[[Ficus abutilifolia]]''||Large-leaved rock fig||63
|-
|[[Grootblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia grandifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved ricebush ||145.4
|-
|[[Grootblaarsekelbos]] ||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. nyassana]]''||Large-leaved sicklebush<br />African sicklebush||190.1
|-
|[[Grootblaarsterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia quinqueloba]]''||Large-leaved-chestnut||476
|-
|[[Grootblaaruiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea gummiflua]]''||Large-leaved onionwood||530
|-
|[[Grootblaarvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia versicolor]]''||Large-leaved false-thorn||158
|-
|[[Grootblomkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium amoenum]]'' ||Large-flower honeythorn ||669.6
|-
|[[Grootblompendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia putterlickioides]]'' ||Large-flowered spike-thorn ||402.1
|-
|[[Grootgeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron eucalyptifolium]]'' ||Gum-leaved conebush ||81
|-
|[[Groothaakbessie]] || ''[[Artabotrys brachypetalus]]'' ||Large hook-berry ||105.1
|-
|[[Grootmirting]] ||''[[Myrsine pillansii]]'' ||Large cape myrtle ||577.2
|-
|[[Grootnoemnoem]]||''[[Carissa macrocarpa]]''||Big num-num||640.3
|-
|[[Grootsuikerbos]] of [[Grootsuikerbos|witsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea gaguedi]]'' ||African sugarbush ||89
|-
|[[Grootvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena uniflora]]'' ||Tall silver-oak ||732
|-
|[[Grootvalsmopanie]] ||''[[Guibourtia coleosperma]]'' ||Large copalwood ||199
|-
|[[Grootvrugbospendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia grandifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved forest spike-thorn ||399.7
|-
|[[Grootvrugpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia oxycarpa]]'' ||Large-fruited spike-thorn ||401.9
|-
|[[Grootvrugtrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria lucida]]'' ||Large-fruited clusterpear ||108.2
|-
|[[Grootvrugtrosvy]] ||[[Grootvrugtrosvy|''Ficus sycomorus'' subsp. ''gnaphalocarpa'']] ||Large-fruited sycamore fig ||66.1
|-
|[[Growweblaarkatsnorbosse]] ||''[[Rotheca myricoides]]''||Blueflower tinderwood||667.1
|-
|[[Growweblaarpieringbessie]] ||''[[Cordia ovalis]]''||Satinbark saucerbush<br />Snot berry||654
|-
|[[Growweblaarstinkhout]] ||''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' ||False white stinkwood ||40
|-
|[[Growweblaartaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia refracta]]'' ||Thorny crow-berry ||389.1
|-
|[[Growwelaventelkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton menyharthii]]'' ||Rough-leaved croton ||329.2
|-
|[[Growwerankwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua juncea supsp. crustata]]'' ||Crusty climbing spiderbush ||133.5
|-
|[[Grysappel]] ||''[[Parinari curatellifolia]]'' ||Mobola plum ||146
|-
|[[Gryskokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus albata]]'' ||Grey kokotree ||401.3
|-
|[[Haak-en-steek]]||''[[Vachellia tortilis subsp. heteracantha]]''||Umbrella thorn||188
|-
|[[Halfmens]]||''[[Pachypodium namaquanum]]''||Elephant's trunk||649
|-
|[[Hangvrugkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora zanzibarica]]'' ||Pendant-fruit corkwood ||291.1
|-
|[[Hardekool]]||''[[Combretum imberbe]]''||Leadwood||539
|-
|[[Hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia ventosa]]''||Hardpear||513
|-
|[[Harige doringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium ciliatum]]'' ||Hairy turkeyberry ||709
|-
|[[Harige ghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea natalensis]]''||Natal guarri<br />Natal ebony|| 597
|-
|[[Harige haak-en-steek]]||''[[Vachellia tortilis subsp. spirocarpa]]''||Hairy umbrella thorn||188.1
|-
|[[Harige kanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora africana]]''||Hairy corkwood||270
|-
|[[Harige kusbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta bowkeri]]'' ||Hairy coastal bride’s bush ||719.1
|-
|[[Harige mirtebessie]] ||''[[Eugenia woodii]]''||Mountain myrtle||553.4
|-
|[[Harige pendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia pubescens]]'' ||Hairy spike-thorn ||402.4
|-
|[[Harige perdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum humile]]'' ||Hairy knobwood||255
|-
|[[Harige rotsvy]]||''[[Ficus glumosa]]''||Mountain fig||64
|-
|[[Harige Sekhukhunedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia robbertsei]]'' ||Hairy Sekhukhune thorn ||172.4
|-
|[[Harige septerboom]] ||''[[Paranomus tomentosus]]'' ||Hairy-leaved tree sceptre ||72.5
|-
|[[Harige witgat]] ||''[[Boscia tomentosa]]'' || Hairy shepherd's tree ||127.1
|-
|[[Harpuiskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia resiniflua]]''||Resin gardenia||690.2
|-
|[[Hartblaarvy]] ||[[Hartblaarvy|''Ficus polita'' subsp. ''polita'']] ||Heart-leaved fig ||59
|-
|[[Heideblaargeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron ericifolium]]'' ||Erica-leaved conebush || 80
|-
|[[Heilige Venda-bamboes]] ||''[[Oxytenanthera abyssinica]]'' ||Holy Venda bamboo ||21.6
|-
|[[Helikopterboom]]||''[[Gyrocarpus americanus]]''||Propeller tree||120
|-
|[[Hemelbesemdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia robynsiana]]'' ||Whipstick thorn ||184
|-
|[[Henkel-se-geelhout]] ||''[[Podocarpus henkelii]]''||Henkel's yellowwood||17
|-
|[[Hereroharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa hereroensis]]'' ||Herero resin tree ||371.3
|-
|[[Hererosesambos]]||''[[Sesamothamnus guerichii]]'' ||Herero sesame-bush||679
|-
|[[Heuningboomheide]] ||''[[Erica caterviflora]]'' ||Tree heath ||574
|-
|[[Heuningklokkiesbos]] ||''[[Freylinia lanceolata]]'' ||Honey bells ||670.1
|-
|[[Heuningnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia tetragona]]''||Honey euphorbia||354
|-
|[[Hikklimop]] ||''[[Combretum bracteosum]]'' ||Hiccupnut ||532.2
|-
|[[Hoedespeldlukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus pyriformis]]''||Natal wildloquat||696.2
|-
|[[Hoëveldkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia paniculata]]''||Small mountain cabbage||563.1
|-
|[[Hophout]]||''[[Trema orientalis]]''||Pigeonwood||42
|-
|[[Horingdoring]]||''[[Vachellia grandicornuta]]''||Horned thorn||168.1
|-
|[[Horingpeultjieboom]]||''[[Diplorhynchus condylocarpon]]''||Horn-pod tree||643
|-
|[[Huilboerboon]]||''[[Schotia brachypetala]]''||Weeping boerbean||202
|-
|[[Huilboom]]||''[[Peltophorum africanum]]''||Weeping wattle<br />Black wattle<br />African-wattle||215
|-
|[[Impalalelie]]||''[[Adenium multiflorum]]''||Impala lily||647.3
|-
|[[Indiese wortelboom]] ||''[[Ceriops tagal]]'' ||Indian mangrove ||525
|-
|[[iSimangaliso-wildeappelkoos]] ||''[[Dovyalis revoluta]]'' ||iSimangaliso wild apricot ||760
|-
|[[Jakkalsbessie]]||''[[Diospyros mespiliformis]]''||Jackalberry||606
|-
|[[Jankoensedoring]] ||''[[Cliffortia ilicifolia]]'' ||Holly-leaved ricebush ||145.10
|-
|[[Jasmynkatjiepiering]] ||''[[Heinsia crinita subsp. parviflora]]'' ||Jasmine-gardenia ||700.2
|-
|[[Jeukpeul]] ||''[[Cnestis polyphylla]]'' ||Itchpod ||147.1
|-
|[[Jozinibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos senticosus]]'' || Jozini cycad ||8
|-
|[[Kaapboekenhout]]||''[[Rapanea melanophloeos]]''||Cape beech||578
|-
|[[Kaapse boomheide]]||''[[Erica tristis]]''||False Cape tree heath||575.1
|-
|[[Kaapse fonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea axillaris]]'' ||Cape fountainbush||226.16
|-
|[[Kaapse hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia capensis]]''||Hard pear||513.1
|-
|[[Kaapse kanferfoelie]]||''[[Tecoma capensis]]''||Cape honeysuckle||673.1
|-
|[[Kaapse kiaat]]||''[[Strychnos decussata]]''||Cape teak||624
|-
|[[Kaapse kokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus lucida]]'' ||Cape kokotree ||401.2
|-
|[[Kaapse kranses]]||''[[Atalaya capensis]]''||Cape krantz ash||428
|-
|[[Kaapse kuskiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia thyrsiflora]]''||Cape coast cabbage tree||565
|-
|[[Kaapse kwar]] ||''[[Psydrax capensis]]'' ||Cape quar ||747
|-
|[[Kaapse kweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya woodii]]''||Cape quince||116
|-
|[[Kaapse sterkastaiing]] ||''[[Sterculia alexandri]]'' || Cape star-chestnut ||473
|-
|[[Kaapse stokroos]]||''[[Sparrmannia africana]]''||Cape Hollyhock||457
|-
|[[Kaapse swarthout]] ||''[[Maytenus peduncularis]]'' ||Cape blackwood ||401
|-
|[[Kaapse uiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea flanaganii]]'' || Cape onionwood ||528
|-
|[[Kaapse vaderlandsboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum afrum]]'' ||Cape bushwillow ||533
|-
|[[Kaapse wildepiesang]]||''[[Strelitzia alba]]''||Cape wild banana||32
|-
|[[Kaapse witpeer]] ||''[[Apodytes geldenhuysii]]'' ||Cape White Pear ||422.2
|-
|[[Kaiingsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea glabra]]'' ||Clanwilliam sugarbush ||89.1
|-
|[[Kaapsehoopbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos laevifolius]]'' ||Kaapsehoop cycad ||6
|-
|[[Kalahari-appelblaar]] ||''[[Philenoptera nelsii]]'' ||Kalahari appleleaf||239
|-
|[[Kalaharibauhinia]] ||''[[Bauhinia macrantha]]'' ||Kalahari bauhinia||208.3
|-
|[[Kalaharidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia luederitzii var. luederitzii]]'' ||Kalahari thorn ||174
|-
|[[Kalaharigeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum brevispinosum]]'' ||Kalahari yellowthorn ||674
|-
|[[Kalahariharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa schinzii]]'' || Kalahari resin tree ||376.5
|-
|[[Kalaharikoedoebessie]] ||''[[Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia var. dekindtii]] ||Kalahari kuduberry ||308.1
|-
|[[Kalaharipeulbessie]] ||''[[Dialium englerianum]]'' ||Kalahari podberry ||210
|-
|[[Kalaharirooivingers]] ||''[[Xylopia odoratissima]]'' ||Kalahari redfingers ||110
|-
|[[Kalaharitaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia tenuinervis]]'' ||Rolled-leaf currant ||393.2
|-
|[[Kalahariwildemispel]]||''[[Vangueria cyanescens]]''||Kalahari wild-medlar||702.3
|-
|[[Kamassie]]||''[[Gonioma kamassi]]''||Kamassi||641
|-
|[[Kamdebooboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea recondita]]''||Kamdeboo beechwood||745
|-
|[[Kameeldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia erioloba]]''||Camel thorn||168
|-
|[[Kameelspoor]] ||''[[Piliostigma thonningii]]''||Camel's foot||209
|-
|[[Kamiesbergaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe khamiesensis]]'' ||Khamiesberg aloe ||29.3
|-
|[[Kandelaaraalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe candelabrum]]'' ||Candelabrum aloe ||28.5
|-
|[[Kanferbos]]||''[[Tarchonanthus camphoratus]]''||Wild camphor bush||733
|-
|[[Kanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea floribunda]]'' ||Honeysuckle tree ||296
|-
|[[Kaokorooibessie]] ||[[Erythrococca kaokoensis]] ||Kaoko redberry ||759
|-
|[[Kaokoboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum wattii]]'' ||Kaoko bushwillow ||544
|-
|[[Kaokobrandbos]] ||''[[Hymenodictyon kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko firebush ||765
|-
|[[Kaokogeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum virgatum]]'' ||Kaoko yellowthorn ||676.2
|-
|[[Kaokogroendoring]]||''[[Balanites angolensis]]''||Angolan torchwood<br />Simple-thorned torchwood||252.1
|-
|[[Kaokokanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko corkwoord ||277.1
|-
|[[Kaokosesambos]] ||''[[Sesamothamnus benguellensis]]'' ||Kaoko sesame-bush ||679.1
|-
|[[Kaokoswarthaak]] ||''[[Senegalia mellifera subsp. mellifera]]'' ||Kaoko black thorn ||176.1
|-
|[[Kaokovlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum oxystachyum]]'' ||Kaoko flamecreeper ||540.4
|-
|[[Kaokowitgat]] ||''[[Boscia microphylla]]'' ||Kaoko shepherd's tree ||126
|-
|[[Kaokowolftoon]] ||''[[Portulacaria kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko porkbush ||104.3
|-
|[[Kaokowurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba schroeppelii]]'' ||Kaoko wormbush ||129.2
|-
|[[Karee]] ||''[[Searsia lancea]]'' ||Karree ||386
|-
|[[Kareekanniedood]] || ''[[Commiphora gracilifrondosa]]'' ||Karee-leaved commiphora ||284
|-
|[[Karooboerboon]] ||''[[Schotia afra]]'' ||Karoo boerbean ||201
|-
|[[Karoobroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos lehmannii]]'' ||Karoo cycad ||8.1
|-
|[[Karooheuningklokkiesbos]] ||''[[Freylinia vlokii]]'' ||Karoo honeybells ||670.7
|-
|[[Karookoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia burchellii]]'' ||Karoo kunibush ||379
|-
|[[Karookruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia robusta]]''||Karoo cross-berry||463.6
|-
|[[Karoonoemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa haematocarpa]]'' ||Karoo numnum ||640.2
|-
|[[Karoopendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia karooica]]'' ||Karoo spike-thorn ||401.7
|-
|[[Karooplakkiebos]] ||''[[Crassula arborescens]]'' ||Karoo tree crassula ||137.2
|-
|[[Karoosalie]] ||''[[Buddleja glomerata]]''||Karoo Sagewood ||636.1
|-
|[[Karoowitgat]] ||''[[Boscia oleoides]]'' ||Karoo shepherd tree ||128
|-
|[[Kartelplakkiesbos]] ||''[[Crassula arboresscens subsp. undulatifolia]]'' ||Wavy tree crassula ||137.4
|-
|[[Kasuur]]||''[[Pittosporum viridiflorum]]''||Cheesewood||139
|-
|[[Katstertaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe castanea]]'' ||Cat's-tail aloe ||28.6
|-
|[[Kei-appel]]||''[[Dovyalis afra]]''||Kei apple||507
|-
|[[Keibaakhout]]||''[[Greyia flanaganii]]''||Kei bottlebrush||444
|-
|[[Keibauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia bowkeri]]''||Kei bauhinia||208.4
|-
|[[Keibroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos princeps]]''||Kei cycad||12
|-
|[[Keiharpuisbos]] ||''[[Ozoroa mucronata]]'' ||Kei resin tree ||373
|-
|[[Keirooipeer]] ||''[[Scolopia flanaganii]]'' ||Kei redpear ||495
|-
|[[Keivingerblaar]]||''[[Vitex obovata]]''||Kei fingerleaf||661
|-
|[[Kerkeibos]]||''[[Crassula ovata]]''||Kerky-bush<br />Jade plant||137.3
|-
|[[Kerriebos]]||''[[Hypericum revolutum]]''||Curry bush<br />St. John's wort||484
|-
|[[Kershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus]]''||Candlewood||409
|-
|[[Keurboom]]||''[[Virgilia oroboides]]''||Cape blossom tree<br />Pink blossom tree||221
|-
|[[Kiaat]]||''[[Pterocarpus angolensis]]''||Wild teak||236
|-
|[[Kiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia spicata]]''||Common cabbage tree||564
|-
|[[Kierieklapper]]||''[[Combretum hereroense]]''||Russet bushwillow||538
|-
|[[Kinaboom]]||''[[Rauvolfia afra]]''||Quinine tree||647
|-
|[[Kinderbessie]] ||''[[Halleria elliptica]]'' ||Rock tree-fuschia ||670.2
|-
|[[Klapperbos]]||''[[Nymania capensis]]''||Chinese lantern||295
|-
|[[Kleefdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia borleae]]'' ||Sticky thorn ||160.1
|-
|[[Kleefpeul]]||''[[Senna singueana]]''||Stickypod||213.1
|-
|[[Kleinappelblaar]] ||''[[Philenoptera bussei]]'' ||Small apple-leaf ||238.1
|-
|[[Kleinblousuurpruim]] ||[[Kleinblousuurpruim|''Ximenia americana'' var. ''microphylla'']] ||Small blue sourplum || 102
|-
|[[Kleinblaardrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena mannii]]'' ||Small-leaved dragon tree ||30.8
|-
|[[Kleinblaarkiaat]] ||''[[Pterocarpus lucens subsp. antunesii]]'' ||Small-leaved bloodwood ||236.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium cinereum]]'' ||Small-leaved honeythorn ||669.9
|-
|[[Kleinblaarmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia verdoorniae]]''||Small-leaved myrtle||554.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarperspeuldoring]] ||''[[Senegalia goetzi subsp. microphylla]]'' ||Small-leaved purple-pod thorn ||167.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarpluisbossie]] ||''[[Lopholaena coriifolia]]'' || Small-leaved fluff bush||738
|-
|[[Kleinblaarrotsvy]]||''[[Ficus tettensis]]''||Small-leaved rock fig||62
|-
|[[Kleinblaarsaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron zeyheri]]''||Zeyher's saffronwood||412
|-
|[[Kleinblaarsekelbos]]||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. africana ]]''||Small-leaved sicklebush||190
|-
|[[Kleinblaartrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria gracilipes]]'' ||Small-leaved clusterpear ||108.3
|-
|[[Kleinblaarvy]] ||[[Ficus lingua'' subsp. ''depauperata'']] ||Small-leaved fig ||55.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarwilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''mucronata'']] ||Small-leaved willow ||35
|-
|[[Kleinblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua parvifolia]]'' ||Small-leaved spiderbush ||135.1
|-
|[[Kleinboerboon]]||''[[Schotia capitata]]''||Dwarf boerbean||203
|-
|[[Kleinbosrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna gamostigmata]]'' ||Small forest plane ||479.5
|-
|[[Kleingroendoring]]||''[[Balanites pedicellaris]]''||Lesser torchwood||252
|-
|[[Kleinkanferfoelieboom]]||''[[Turraea obtusifolia]]''||Small honeysuckle tree||296.1
|-
|[[Kleinkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina humeana]]''||Dwarf coral tree||243.1
|-
|[[Kleinlaventelkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton pseudopulchellus]]'' ||Small lavender croton ||329.3
|-
|[[Kleinperdepram]]||''[[Zanthoxylum capense]]''||Small knobwood||253
|-
|[[Kleinpeulseeboontjie]]||''[[Entada wahlbergii]]''||Small-pod seabean ||193.4
|-
|[[Kleinvalsmopanie]]||''[[Guibourtia conjugata]]''||Small copalwood||200
|-
|[[Kleinvrugtrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria afra]]'' ||Small-fruited clusterpear ||108.1
|-
|[[Kliertjiesboom]] ||''[[Pavetta edentula]]'' ||Gland-leaved bride’s bush ||717
|-
|[[Kliertjiesdeurmekaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia obtusifolia]]''||Hairy Puzzle-bush ||656.2
|-
|[[Klipels]]||''[[Afrocanthium mundianum]]''||Rock alder||710
|-
|[[Klipessenhout]] ||''[[Ekebergia pterophylla]]'' ||Rock ash ||299
|-
|[[Klipharpuisbos]] ||''[[Euryops brevipapposus]]'' ||Rock resin-bush ||739
|-
|[[Kliphout]]||''[[Heeria argentea]]''||Rockwood||368
|-
|[[Klipkershout]]||''[[Maytenus oleoides]]''||Rock candlewood||400
|-
|[[Klipkoolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis bilocularis]]''||Rock coalwood||307.1
|-
|[[Klipvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia brevifolia]]'' ||Rock false-thorn ||152
|-
|[[Klokkiesboontjieboom]] ||''[[Markhamia zanzibarica]]'' ||Bell-bean ||677
|-
|[[Klokkiespendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia tenuispina]]''||Bell spike-thorn||402.8
|-
|[[Knolharpuis]] ||''[[Othonna arbuscula]]'' || Traap baboon cabbage ||740
|-
|[[Knoppiesboontjie]]||''[[Maerua angolensis]]''||Bead-bean tree||132
|-
|[[Knoppiesdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia nigrescens]]'' ||Knob thorn ||178
|-
|[[Knoppiesklimop]] ||''[[Combretum mossambicense]]'' ||Knobbly climbing bushwillow ||545.1
|-
|[[Knoppiesvy]]||[[Knoppiesvy|''Ficus sansibarica'' subsp. ''sansibarica'']]||Knobbly fig||47
|-
|[[Kobas]] ||''[[Cyphostemma currorii]]'' ||Cobas||456
|-
|[[Koeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia undulata]]'' ||Kuni-bush||389
|-
|[[Koeboebessie]] ||''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' ||Kooboo-berry||410
|-
|[[Koedoebessie]] ||''[[Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia]]''||Kudu berry||308
|-
|[[Koffiebeesklou]]<br>[[Koffie bauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia petersiana]]'' ||Coffee bauhinia<br />Natal neat's foot||208.3
|-
|[[Kogelbergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia heterophylla]]'' ||Kogelberg ricebush ||145.9
|-
|[[Kogelbergvaalstompie]] ||''[[Mimetes arboreus]]'' ||Kogelberg pagoda ||72.1
|-
|[[Kokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron dichotomum]]'' ||Quiver tree ||29
|-
|[[Kokoboom]]||''[[Maytenus undata]]''||Koko tree||403
|-
|[[Kolletjiesblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus nigropunctata]]'' ||Busse's fig<br />Dot-leaved fig ||58
|-
|[[Komkommerbos]]||''[[Thilachium africanum]]''||Cucumber bush||136.2
|-
|[[Koolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis hirta]]''||Coalwood||307
|-
|[[Koorsbessie]]||''[[Croton megalobotrys]]''||Large fever-berry||329
|-
|[[Koorsboom]] ||''[[Vachellia xanthophloea]]''||Fever tree||189
|-
|[[Koorspeulboom]] ||''[[Holarrhena pubescens]]'' ||Fever-pod ||642
|-
|[[Koperstamkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora harveyi]]''||Red-stem corkwood||277
|-
|[[Koraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina lysistemon]]''||Common coral tree||245
|-
|[[Koraaltaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia magalismontana]]'' ||Coral crowberry ||384.2
|-
|[[Korentebos]] ||''[[Searsia tomentosa]]'' ||Bicoloured currant ||394
|-
|[[Korenteharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa sphaerocarpa]]'' ||Currant resin tree ||377
|-
|[[Korthaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis sepiaria var. subglabra]]'' ||Short-haired caperbush ||130.2
|-
|[[Kortpeul]] ||''[[Rourea orientalis]]'' ||Shortpod ||147.2
|-
|[[Kortstamnaboom]] ||''[[Euphorbia otjingandu]]'' ||Short-stemmed candelabra-tree ||748
|-
|[[Kosibaairoosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon kosiense]]'' ||Kosi Bay rose-apple ||762
|-
|[[Kosipalm]]||''[[Raphia australis]]''||Kosi palm||26
|-
|[[Kouebasrooihout]]||''[[Ochna arborea]]''||Cape redwood||479
|-
|[[Kraalkriedoring]]||''[[Lycium afrum]]''||Kraal honey-thorn||669.2
|-
|[[Kraalnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia tirucalli]]''||Rubber euphorbia||355
|-
|[[Kraalpendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia polyacantha subsp. polyacantha]]''||Kraal spike-thorn||402.2
|-
|[[Kransaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe arborescens]]'' ||Krantz aloe ||28.1
|-
|[[Kransbessie]]||''[[Gerrardina foliosa]]''||Krantz berry||500
|-
|[[Kranskwar]] ||''[[Psydrax locuples]]'' ||Krantz quar ||712
|-
|[[Kranssuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea rupicola]]'' ||Krantz sugarbush ||88.2
|-
|[[Kremetart]]||''[[Adansonia digitata]]''||Baobab||467
|-
|[[Kreupelrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna inermis]]'' ||Stunted plane ||480.1
|-
|[[Kringboom]]||''[[Maerua schinzii]]''||Ringwood tree||136
|-
|[[Krinkhout]]||''[[Securidaca longepedunculata]]''||Violet tree||303
|-
|[[Kromblaarsuikerbos]] ||[[''Protea afra'' subsp. ''falcata'']] ||Curved-leave sugarbush ||87.2
|-
|[[Kruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia occidentalis]]''||Cross-berry||463
|-
|[[Kruiskameeldoring]]||''[[Vachellia erioloba]]''||Hybrid camel thorn||169.1
|-
|[[Kunenekanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kuneneana]]'' ||Kunene corkwood ||277.7
|-
|[[Kunenewaterbessie]] ||''[[Syzygium kuneneense]]'' ||Kunene waterberry ||767
|-
|[[Kunenewolftoon]] ||''[[Kunenewolftoon|Portulacaria kuneneana]]'' ||Kunene porkbush ||104.4
|-
|[[Kurkbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia davyi]]'' ||Corky-barked thorn ||163.1
|-
|[[Kurkbasklapper]] of Geelklapper||''[[Strychnos cocculoides]]''||Corky monkey orange||623
|-
|[[Kurkbasrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna maguirei]]'' ||Corky-barked plane ||766
|-
|[[Kurkbos]] ||''[[Mundulea sericea]]''||Cork bush||226
|-
|[[Kurkdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium suberosum]]'' ||Cork turkey-berry ||709.1
|-
|[[Kurkvoëlbessie]] ||''[[Psychotria suber]]'' ||Corky birdberry ||769
|-
|[[Kusboontjiebos]] ||''[[Sophora inhambanensis]]'' ||Coastal bean-bush ||218
|-
|[[Kusbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta natalensis]]'' ||Coastal bride’s bush ||719
|-
|[[Kusfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea arborea]]'' ||Coastal fountainbush ||226.10
|-
|[[Kusjakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros inhacaensis]]'' ||Coastal jackal-berry ||604
|-
|[[Kusjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona coriacea]]'' ||Coastal jackal coffee ||700
|-
|[[Kuskanferbos]] ||''[[Tarchonanthus littoralis]]''||Coastal camphor bush||733.2
|-
|[[Kuskatoenboom]] ||''[[Hibiscus tiliaceus]]''||Lagoon hibiscus<br />Wild cotton tree||464
|-
|[[Kuskeiappel]] ||''[[Dovyalis longispina]]'' ||Coastal Kei apple ||510.1
|-
|[[Kuskoraalboom]] ||''[[Erythrina afra]]''||Coast coral tree ||242
|-
|[[Kuslooibas]] of [[Kuslooibas|pruimbas]] ||''[[Osyris compressa]]'' ||Tannin bush ||99
|-
|[[Kusrankdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia kraussiana]]'' ||Coastal climbing thorn|| 173.1
|-
|[[Kusrooimelkhout]]||''[[Mimusops afra]]''||Coastal red milkwood||583
|-
|[[Kusrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia longifolia]]'' ||Coastal ricebush ||145.11
|-
|[[Kussigsagkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis fascicularis var. zeyheri]]'' ||Coastal zigzag caperbush ||129.8
|-
|[[Kustaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia nebulosa]]'' ||Coastal currant ||390.1
|-
|[[Kusvaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena discolor]]''||Coast silver oak||724
|-
|[[Kuswildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria randii subsp. chartacea]]'' ||Coastal wild-medlar ||702.2
|-
|[[Kuswildepiesang]]||''[[Strelitzia nicolai]]''||Natal wild banana||34
|-
|[[Kuswitessenhout]] ||''[[Bersama swinnyi]]'' ||Coastal white-ash ||441
|-
|[[Kuswurgvy]]||[[Kuswurgvy|''Ficus natalensis'' subsp. ''natalensis'']]||Natal fig<br />Wild fig||57
|-
|[[Kwar]]||''[[Psydrax obovata]]''||Coastal quar||711
|-
|[[Laeveldbittertee]]||''[[Vernonia colorata]]''||Lowveld bitter-tea||723.4
|-
|[[Laeveldkanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea nilotica]]'' ||Lowveld honeysuckle Tree ||297
|-
|[[Laeveldkralesnoer]] ||''[[Alchornea laxiflora]]'' ||Lowveld beadstring ||334
|-
|[[Laeveldmelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara mochisia]]''||Lowveld milkberry||587
|-
|[[Laeveldnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia evansii]]''||Lowveld euphorbia||348
|-
|[[Laeveldsterkastaiïng]]||''[[Sterculia murex]]''||Lowveld chestnut||475
|-
|[[Laeveldvaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena huillensis]]''||Lowveld silver oak||727
|-
|[[Laeveldvy]]||''[[Ficus stuhlmannii]]''||Lowveld fig||65
|-
|[[Laingsburgtolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron osbornei]]'' ||Laingsburg conebush ||81.7
|-
|[[Lalapalm]]||''[[Hyphaene coriacea]]''||Lala palm||23
|-
|[[Langbeentjie]] ||''[[Leucadendron procerum]]'' ||Ivory conebush ||81.2
|-
|[[Langblaarwolftoon]] ||''[[Langblaarwolftoon|Portulacaria longipedunculata]]'' ||Long-leaved porkbush ||104.5
|-
|[[Langhaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis sepiaria var. citrifolia]]'' ||Long-haired caperbush ||130
|-
|[[Langpeuldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sieberiana var. sieberiana]]'' ||Longpod thorn ||186.9
|-
|[[Laventelboom]] ||''[[Heteropyxis natalensis]]''||Lavender tree||455
|-
|[[Laventelkoorsbessie]]||''[[Croton gratissimus]]''||Lavender croton<br />Lavender fever-berry||328
|-
|[[Limpopokoorsbessie]] ||[[Croton madandensis]] ||Limpopo feverberry ||328.4
|-
|[[Loerietolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron loeriense]]'' ||Loerie conebush ||80.7
|-
|[[Lydenburgbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos inopinus]]'' || Lydenburg cycad ||5.1
|-
|[[Lebombo-aalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe spicata]]'' ||Lebombo aloe ||30.4
|-
|[[Lebombobroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos lebomboensis]]'' || Lebombo cycad ||14.8
|-
|[[Lebombo-ysterhout]]||''[[Androstachys johnsonii]]''||Lebombo ironwood||327
|-
|[[Lebombokranses]]||''[[Atalaya alata]]''||Lebombo krantz ash||427
|-
|[[Lebombonaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia confinalis]]''||Lebombo euphoria<br />Lebombo milktree||345
|-
|[[Lebombowattel]]||''[[Newtonia hildebrandtii]]''||Lebombo-wattle||191
|-
|[[Lebombowitbos]] ||''[[Maerua brevipetiolata]]'' ||Lebombo spiderbush ||132.5
|-
|[[Lekkerbreek]]||''[[Ochna pulchra]]''||Peeling plane<br />Peelingbark ochna||483
|-
|[[Lekkerruikpeul]]||''[[Vachellia nilotica subsp. kraussiana]]''||Scented thorn||179
|-
|[[Lekkervreet]] ||''[[Opilia campestris]]'' || Parasitebush ||100.5
|-
|[[Lemoenhout]]||''[[Xymalos monospora]]''||Lemonwood||111
|-
|[[Lemoentjiedoring]]||''[[Cassinopsis ilicifolia]]''||Lemon thorn||420
|-
|[[Leolodoring]] ||''[[Vachellia ormocarpoides]]'' ||Leolo thorn ||179.3
|-
|[[Lepelhout]]||''[[Cassine schinoides]]''||Spoon-wood||418
|-
|[[Lilliebroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos dyerianus]]'' || Lillie cycad ||14.2
|-
|[[Lippeblomsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea subvestita]]''||Waterlily sugarbush || 98
|-
|[[Louriersuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea laurifolia]]''||Laurel sugarbush||90.2
|-
|[[Louriervy]] ||''[[Ficus ilicina]]'' || Laurel rock fig ||53
|-
|[[Maanhaarstompie]]||''[[Mimetes fimbriifolius]]''||Fringed bottlebrush||72.2
|-
|[[Magaliesrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna pretoriensis]]''||Magalies redwood ||480.2
|-
|[[Malbaarvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena glabra]]'' ||Malabar silver-oak ||726
|-
|[[Malvarosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia villosa]]''||Mallow raisin||463.3
|-
|[[Manketti]]||''[[Schinziophyton rautanenii]]''||Manketti tree<br />Feather-weight tree||337
|-
|[[Mannetjiebos]] ||''[[Stoeberia utilis]]'' ||White fig ||103.5
|-
|[[Maputalandbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta vanwykiana]]''||Sand Brides-bush||721.3
|-
|[[Maputalanddwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis maputensis]]'' ||Maputaland dwababerry ||758
|-
|[[Maputalandkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton steenkampianus]]'' ||Maputaland feverberry ||329.1
|-
|[[Maputalandoordeelboom]]||''[[Erythrophleum lasianthum]]''||Maputaland ordealtree<br />Swazi ordeal tree||196
|-
|[[Maputalandraasblaar]]||''[[Combretum mkuzense]]''||Mkuze bushwillow||545.2
|-
|[[Maputalandrankboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum eugeneanum]]'' ||Maputaland climbing bushwillow ||764
|-
|[[Maroela]]||''[[Sclerocarya birrea]]''||Marula||360
|-
|[[Matoppie]]||''[[Boscia albitrunca]]''||Shepherd's tree||122
|-
|[[Mbasheroosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon australissimum]]''||Mbashe rose-apple ||761
|-
|[[Meerstamvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia petersiana]]''||Multi-stemmed false-thorn<br />Nala tree||153
|-
|[[Melkpeer]]||''[[Inhambanella henriquesii]]''||Milk pear||591
|-
|[[Middelburgbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos middelburgensis]]'' ||Middelburg cycad ||14.3
|-
|[[Miershoopwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria randii subsp. randii]]'' ||Antheap-wild-medlar ||702.5
|-
|[[Mingerhout]]||''[[Breonadia salicina]]''||Matumi||684
|-
|[[Mirtaartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus myrtaceus]]''||Myrtle potatobush||311.5
|-
|[[Mitserie]]||''[[Bridelia micrantha]]''||Mitzeeri||324
|-
|[[Modjadjibroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos transvenosus]]''||Modjadji giant-cycad||13
|-
|[[Moepel]]||''[[Mimusops zeyheri]]''||Transvaal red milkwood||585
|-
|[[Moerasvy]]||''[[Ficus trichopoda]]''||Swamp fig||54
|-
|[[Mopanie]]||''[[Colophospermum mopane]]''||Mopane||198
|-
|[[Mopanie-aalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe littoralis]]'' ||Mopane aloe ||29.4
|-
|[[Mopanieaartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus pinnatus]]'' ||Mopane potato bush||312.1
|-
|[[Mopaniegeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum zambesiacum]]'' ||Zambezi gold ||676
|-
|[[Mopaniewitgat]] ||''[[Boscia matabelensis]]'' ||Mopane shepherd's tree ||125.5
|-
|[[Moringaboom]]||''[[Moringa oleifrea]]''||Drumstick tree||
|-
|[[Mosambiekkoffie]]||''[[Coffea racemosa]]''||Mozambique Wild Coffee||715.1
|-
|[[Msasa]]||''[[Brachystegia spiciformis]]''||Spring msasa<br />Musasa||198.1
|-
|[[Msinga-broodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos msinganus]]''||Msinga cycad ||14.7
|-
|[[Naaldblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia erectisepala]]'' ||Needle-leaved ricebush ||145.8
|-
|[[Naaldblaarheuningbostee]] ||''[[Cyclopia maculata]]'' ||Needle-leaf honeybush tea ||224.3
|-
|[[Naaldblaartolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron nobile]]'' ||Karoo conebush ||81.1
|-
|[[Naaldblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua rosmarinoides]]'' ||Needle-leaved spiderbush ||135
|-
|[[Naaldhardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica villosa]]'' ||Needle hardleaf ||453.4
|-
|[[Naboom]]||''[[Euphorbia ingens]]''||Common tree euphorbia||351
|-
|[[Namahaarpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa namaensis]]'' ||Nama resin tree ||373.1
|-
|[[Namakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora namaensis]]'' ||Nama corkwoord ||282.1
|-
|[[Namakwaboomvygie]] ||''[[Stoeberia utilis var. lerouxiae]]'' ||Namaqua tree-vygie ||757
|-
|[[Namakwaharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa dispar]]'' ||Namaqua resin tree ||370
|-
|[[Namakwajakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros acocksii]]'' ||Namaqua jackalberry ||602
|-
|[[Namakwakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora capensis]]'' ||Namaqua corkwood ||273
|-
|[[Namakwarooiklapperbos]]||''[[Erythrophysa alata]]''||Namaqua red balloon||436.1
|-
|[[Namakwavy]]||''[[Ficus cordata]]''||Sandpaper fig||51
|-
|[[Namapronkstert]]||''[[Gelrebia merxmuellerana]]''||Nama plumeflower||214.5
|-
|[[Namibharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa crassinervia]]''||Namibian resin tree||369
|-
|[[Namibiese kriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium eenii]]'' ||Namibian honeythorn ||669.10
|-
|[[Namibiese taaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. dinteri]]'' ||Namibia firethorn crowberry ||392.1
|-
|[[Namibkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora dinteri]]'' ||Namib corkwoord ||274.2
|-
|[[Namibkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis hereroensis]]'' ||Namib caperbush ||129.9
|-
|[[Namibkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina decora]]''||Namib coral tree||243
|-
|[[Namibpronkstert]]||''[[Hererolandia pearsonii]]''||Namib plumeflower||214.2
|-
|[[Nanabessie]]||''[[Searsia dentata]]''||Nana-berry||381
|-
|[[Nardouwluisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum praemorsum]]'' ||Nardouw fountain pincushion ||85.1
|-
|[[Natalaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe spectabilis]]'' ||Natal aloe ||30.6
|-
|[[Natalkweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya natalensis]]'' ||Sandstone quince ||117.1
|-
|[[Natalokkerneut]] ||''[[Cavacoa aurea]]'' ||Natal hickory ||332
|-
|[[Natalwilger]] of [[Natalwilger|fluitjieswilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''woodii'']] ||Natal willow ||36.2
|-
|[[Natalkaree]] ||''[[Searsia natalensis]]'' ||Northern dune currant ||390
|-
|[[Naukluftkaree]] ||''[[Searsia volkii]]'' ||Naukluft rhus ||396.2
|-
|[[Netblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua nervosa]]'' ||Lace-leaved spiderbish ||136.1
|-
|[[Ngotshe-broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos aemulans]]'' || Ngotshe cycad ||14.5
|-
|[[Ngoyedwergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ngoyanus]]'' ||Ngoye dwarf cycad ||14.17
|-
|[[Nieshout]]||''[[Ptaeroxylon obliquum]]''||Sneezewood||292
|-
|[[Njalaboom]]||''[[Xanthocercis zambesiaca]]''||Nyala tree||241
|-
|[[Noemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa bispinosa]]'' ||Num-num ||640.5
|-
|[[Nooienskokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron ramosissimum]]'' ||Maiden's quiver tree ||30.2
|-
|[[Noordelike boesmansdruif]]||''[[Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia]]''||Northern bushman's grape||456.6
|-
|[[Noordelike pompombruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta cataractarum]]'' ||Northern pompon bride’s bush ||719.2
|-
|[[Noordelike skulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria cymosa]]''||Escarpment Shell-flower||672
|-
|[[Noordelike valspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia neglecta]]'' ||Northern false spikethorn ||754
|-
|[[Notsung]]||''[[Halleria lucida]]''||Tree fuchsia||670
|-
|[[Okavangoboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum albopunctatum]]'' ||Okavango bushwillow ||531.2
|-
|[[Oleasterboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum elaeagnoides]]'' ||Oleaster bushwillow ||534.3
|-
|[[Olienhout]]||''[[Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata]]''||Wild olive<br>African olive||617
|-
|[[Olifantsrivierbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos lanatus]]''||Olifants River cycad||5.2
|-
|[[Olifantsrivierboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum petrophilum]]'' ||Olifants River bushwillow ||542.1
|-
|[[Omsambeet]]||''[[Millettia grandis]]''||Umzimbeet||227
|-
|[[Onderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus crinitus]]''||Black hazel||142
|-
|[[Oordeelboom]]||''[[Erythrophleum africanum]]''||Ordeal tree||194
|-
|[[Oorlogskloofsterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia dichotoma]]'' ||Oorlogskloof startree ||145.7
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia micrantha]]''||Eastern Cape hard-pear||514.1
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse reusebroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos altensteinii]]''||Eastern Cape cycad||3
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse smalblaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia linearis subsp. linearis]]'' ||Eastern Cape narrow-leaved spike-thorn ||399.1
|-
|[[Oostelike koeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia pallens]]'' ||Eastern kunibush ||395
|-
|[[Opregte suikerbos]]||''[[Protea repens]]''||Real sugarbush||94.2
|-
|[[Opregte waaierpalm]]||''[[Hyphaene petersiana]]''||Real fan palm||24
|-
|[[Oranjedruiweranker]] ||''[[Hyalosepalum afrum]]'' ||Orange grape creeper ||104.8
|-
|[[Otavibasboontjie]]||''[[Elephantorrhiza schinziana]]''||Otavi elephantroot||192.5
|-
|[[Otjihipakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora otjihipana]]'' ||Otjihipa corkwoord ||284.5
|-
|[[Ouhout]]||''[[Leucosidea sericea]]''||Oldwood||145
|-
|[[Outeniekwa-erica]]||''[[Erica inconstans]]'' ||Outeniqua tree erica ||574.1
|-
|[[Outeniekwakreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum glabrum]]'' ||Outeniqua pincushion ||84.3
|-
|[[Outeniekwafonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea diturnerae]]'' ||Outeniqua fountainbush ||750
|-
|[[Outeniekwageelhout]]||''[[Afrocarpus falcatus]]''||Outeniqua yellowwood||16
|-
|[[Outeniekwagonna]] ||''[[Passerina falcifolia]]'' ||Outeniqua gonna ||520
|-
|[[Ovambomahonie]] ||''[[Entandrophragma spicatum]]'' ||Ovambo mahogany ||294
|-
|[[Owamboperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum ovatifoliolatum]]'' ||Kaoko knobwood ||255.2
|-
|[[Paddaboom]]||''[[Tabernaemontana elegans]]''||Toad tree||644
|-
|[[Palmiet]] ||''[[Prionium serratum]]'' ||Palmiet ||768
|-
|[[Pambatieboom]]||''[[Anastrabe integerrima]]''||Pambati tree||671
|-
|[[Papegaaiboomheide]] ||''[[Erica psittacina ]]'' ||Parrot tree erica ||574.4
|-
|[[Papierbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sieberiana var. woodii]]''||Paper-bark thorn||187
|-
|[[Papierbaskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora marlothii]]''||Paperbark corkwood||278
|-
|[[Papierbasmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia zuluensis]]''||Paper-bark myrtle||554
|-
|[[Papierbasvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia tanganyicensis]]''||Paperbark false-thorn||157
|-
|[[Parlotabroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos relictus]]'' ||Parlota cycad ||12.5
|-
|[[Pendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia buxifolia]]''||Common spike-thorn||399
|-
|[[Pendoringkaree]] ||''[[Searsia gueinzii]]'' ||Thorny karee ||384
|-
|[[Pendoringtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pterota]]'' ||Winged currant ||391.2
|-
|[[Peperblaarboom]]||''[[Warburgia salutaris]]''||Pepper-bark tree||488
|-
|[[Peperblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora mossambicensis]]''||Pepper-leaf corkwood||281
|-
|[[Perdekopspeldekussing]] ||''[[Leucospermum reflexum]]'' ||Rocket pincushion ||85.2
|-
|[[Perdepis]]||''[[Clausena anisata]]''||Horsewood<br />False horsewood||265
|-
|[[Perdepram]]||''[[Zanthoxylum davyi]]''||Knobwood||254
|-
|[[Persbesem]]||''[[Polygala virgata]]''||Purple broom<br />Moth-fruit||302.2
|-
|[[Persblaarvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia antunesiana]]'' ||Purple-leaved false-thorn ||151
|-
|[[Perssambreelblom]]||''[[Karomia speciosa]]''||Wild parasol flower||668
|-
|[[Persstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora multijuga]]'' ||Purple-stemmed corkwood ||282
|-
|[[Petersvy]]||''[[Ficus petersii]]''||Peters's wild fig||48.1
|-
|[[Peulmahonie]]||''[[Afzelia quanzensis]]''||Pod-mahogany||207
|-
|[[Pienkbauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia urbaniana]]''||Pink bauhinia||208.7
|-
|[[Pienkblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya burgessiae]]''||Pink wild pear||468.1
|-
|[[Pienkkeurboom]] ||''[[Virgilia divaricata]]'' ||Pink keurboom ||221.1
|-
|[[Pienkmispel]] ||''[[Feretia aeruginescens]]'' ||Pink-medlar ||696.4
|-
|[[Pistoolbos]] ||''[[Justicia adhatodoides]]'' ||Pistol bush ||681
|-
|[[Platkroon]]||''[[Albizia adianthifolia]]''||Flat crown||148
|-
|[[Platorandbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos brevifoliolatus]]'' ||Escarpment cycad ||3.3
|-
|[[Platorandperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum thorncroftii]]'' ||Escarpment knobwood ||255.3
|-
|[[Platorandboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea galpinii]]''||Forest boekenhout||73
|-
|[[Platorandkaree]] ||''[[Searsia transvaalensis]]'' ||Escarpment karee ||394.1
|-
|[[Pluisblomjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona kirkii subsp. junodii]]'' ||Fluffy-flower jackal-coffee|| 698.3
|-
|[[Poeierbaskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia ternifolia]]''||Yellow gardenia<br />Powder-bark gardenia||690.3
|-
|[[Poeierkwasboom]]||''[[Barringtonia racemosa]]''||Lagoon powderpufftree<br />Powder-puff tree||524
|-
|[[Poerabessie]] ||''[[Vitex pooara]]'' ||Poora fingerleaf ||663
|-
|[[Pokysterhout]]||''[[Chionanthus foveolatus]]''||Common pock ironwood||615
|-
|[[Pompomrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia serpyllifolia]]'' ||Pompon ricebush ||145.16
|-
|[[Pompombruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta cooperi]]'' ||Pompom brides-bush ||719.4
|-
|[[Pondo-kokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus oleosa]]'' ||Pondo kokotree ||400.1
|-
|[[Pondotreurdoring]]||''[[Colubrina nicholsonii]]||Pondo weeping-thorn||453.8
|-
|[[Pondowitpeer]] ||''[[Apodytes abbottii]]'' ||Pondo white pear ||422.1
|-
|[[Pondoboesmanstee]] ||''[[Lydenburgia abbottii]]'' ||Pondo bushman's tea ||407
|-
|[[Pondodoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium vanwykii]]''||Pondo turkey-berry ||710.1
|-
|[[Pondojakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona africana]]'' ||Pondo jackal-coffee ||698.1
|-
|[[Pondokruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia pondoensis]]''||Pondo crossberry||463.5
|-
|[[Pondomelkbessie]] ||''[[Manilkara nicholsonii]]''||Pondo milkberry||586.1
|-
|[[Pondopalm]]||''[[Jubaeopsis afra]]''||Pondo coconut||27
|-
|[[Pondoranktaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia acocksii]]'' ||Pondo climbing currant ||377.2
|-
|[[Pondorooihout]] ||''[[Ochna sp. nov.]]'' ||Pondo plane ||481.1
|-
|[[Pondospookbos]] ||''[[Brunia trigyna]]'' ||Pondo ghostbush ||141.1
|-
|[[Pondosybas]] ||''[[Maytenus abbottii]]'' ||Pondo silky-bark ||398.1
|-
|[[Pondotolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron pondoense]]'' ||Pondoland conebush ||81.4
|-
|[[Pondovy]] ||''[[Ficus bizanae]]'' || Pondoland fig ||46
|-
|[[Pondovalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia retrospinosa]]'' ||Pondo false spikethorn ||403.3
|-
|[[Pondowaterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium pondoense]]''||Pondo waterwood||558.1
|-
|[[Populierblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus fischeri]]'' ||Poplar-leaved fig ||68
|-
|[[Potbergsuikerbos]]||[[Potbergsuikerbos|''Protea aurea'' subsp. ''potbergensis'']]||Potberg sugarbush ||90.6
|-
|[[Pronkonderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus grandiflorus]]''||Green hazel||144
|-
|[[Pronkrooihout]]||''[[Ochna natalitia]]''||Natal plane||481
|-
|[[Pronkverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera jucunda]]''||Showy Indigo||226.4
|-
|[[Pruimvingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex ferruginea]]'' ||Plum fingerleaf ||659
|-
|[[Pylgif]]||''[[Adenium boehmianum]]''||Namibian impalalily||647.2
|-
|[[Pynbos]] ||''[[Smodingium argutum]]'' ||Agony bush ||367
|-
|[[Pypsteelboom]]||''[[Vitex rehmannii]]''||Pipe-stem tree||664
|-
|[[Raasblaar]]||''[[Combretum zeyheri]]''||Large-fruited bushwillow||546
|-
|[[Rankboswilg]]||''[[Combretum patelliforme]]'' ||Combretum patelliforme ||534
|-
|[[Rankklipels]] ||''[[Keetia gueinzii]]'' ||Climbing-turkeyberry ||714
|-
|[[Rankrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia afra]]''||Climbing raisin||459
|-
|[[Ranksaffraan]] ||''[[Lauridia tetragona]]'' ||Climbing saffron ||411.1
|-
|[[Ranksaffraanboom]] ||''[[Lauridia reticulata]]'' ||Tree climbing saffron ||411.3
|-
|[[Ranksterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros simii]]'' ||Climbing star-apple ||609
|-
|[[Rankvingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex harveyana]]'' ||Scrambling fingerleaf ||660
|-
|[[Reepbaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora discolor]]'' ||Stringy-barked corkwood ||274.1
|-
|[[Renosterkoffie]] ||''[[Kraussia floribunda]]'' ||Rhino-coffee ||700.1
|-
|[[Reuseblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus lutea]]'' ||Giant-leaved fig ||61
|-
|[[Reusebroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos natalensis]]''||Natal cycad||10
|-
|[[Reuserosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia hexamita]]''||Giant raisin||460
|-
|[[Reuseseeboontjie]]||''[[Entada rheedii]]''||Giant seabean||193.3
|-
|[[Riemblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lorifolia]]'' ||Strap-leaved sugarbush ||91
|-
|[[Riffelstampendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia heterophylla]]''||Zulu spike-thorn||401.6
|-
|[[Ringbaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora steynii]]'' ||Ringed-bark corkwood ||288
|-
|[[Rivierblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya kirkii]]'' ||River wildpear ||470
|-
|[[Rivierdwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis obovata]]'' ||River dwababerry ||108
|-
|[[Rivierkriedoring]]||''[[Lycium hirsutum]]''||River honey-thorn||669.12
|-
|[[Riviernaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia triangularis]]''||River euphorbia||356
|-
|[[Rivierrankdoring]]||''[[Senegalia schweinfurthii var. schweinfurthii]]''||River climbing thorn||184.1
|-
|[[Rivierrooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia stolzii]]''||River redpear||496.2
|-
|[[Riviertaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. gracilis]]'' ||River firethorn crowberry ||392.2
|-
|[[Riviertolbos]] |||''[[Leucadendron salicifolium]]'' ||Common stream conebush ||82.1
|-
|[[Riviertrassiedoring]] |||[[''Vachellia hebeclada'' subsp. ''chobiensis'']] ||River candle-pod thorn ||170.1
|-
|[[Riviervaderlandswilg]]||''[[Combretum erythrophyllum]]''||River bushwillow||536
|-
|[[Rivierwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria proschii]]'' ||River wild-medlar ||702.4
|-
|[[Rivierwitbos]] ||''[[ Maerua gilgii]]''||River spiderbush ||133.1
|-
|[[Robinsonkreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum pluridens]]'' ||Robinson pincushion ||84.4
|-
|[[Rondeblaargifboom]] ||''[[Acokanthera rotundata]]'' ||Round-leaved poison-bush ||640
|-
|[[Rondeblaarharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa longipes]]'' ||Round-leaved resin tree ||372
|-
|[[Rondevrugbospendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia harveyana subsp. harveyana]]'' || Black forest spike-thorn ||399.2
|-
|[[Rooibergsepterbos]] ||''[[Paranomus roodebergensis]]'' ||Rooiberg tree sceptre<br />Honey-scented sceptre ||72.6
|-
|[[Rooibitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos henningsii]]'' ||Red bitterberry ||625
|-
|[[Rooiblaarrotsvy]] ||''[[Ficus ingens]]''||Red-leaved fig||55
|-
|[[Rooiblompendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia rubra]]'' ||Red-flower spike-thorn ||402.5
|-
|[[Rooiboekenhout]]||''[[Protorhus longifolia]]''||Red beech||364
|-
|[[Rooibos]] ||''[[Aspalathus linearis]]'' ||Rooibos tea ||225.10
|-
|[[Rooiboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum apiculatum]]''||Okavango bushwillow||532
|-
|[[Rooidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia gerrardii subsp. gerrardii]]'' ||Red thorn ||167
|-
|[[Rooi-els (boom)|Rooi-els]] ||''[[Cunonia capensis]]''||Red alder||140
|-
|[[Rooiessenhout]] ||''[[Trichilia emetica]]''||Natal mahogany ||301
|-
|[[Rooihaakbessie]] ||''[[Artabotrys monteiroae]]'' ||Red hook-berry ||105.2
|-
|[[Rooihaak]] ||''[[Vachellia reficiens subsp. reficiens]]'' ||Red umbrella thorn||181
|-
|[[Rooihartboom]]||''[[Hymenocardia ulmoides]]''||Red-heart tree||317
|-
|[[Rooi-ivoor]]||''[[Berchemia zeyheri]]''||Red ivory||450
|-
|[[Rooikershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus rostratus]]''||Red candlewood||408
|-
|[[Rooikweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya wyliei]]''||Red quince||117
|-
|[[Rooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia mundii]]''||Red pear||496
|-
|[[Rooipendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia senegalensis]]''||Red spike-thorn||402
|-
|[[Rooipronkstert]]||''[[Gelrebia rubra]]''||Red plumeflower||214.3
|-
|[[Rooiranksalie]]||''[[Buddleja pulchella]]''||Red Climbing Sagewood||636.4
|-
|[[Rooistinkhout]]||''[[Prunus africana]]''||Red stinkwood||147
|-
|[[Rooisuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea grandiceps]]'' ||Red sugarbush ||89.2
|-
|[[Rooitolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron discolor]]'' ||Piketberg conebush ||79
|-
|[[Rooivoëlbessie]] ||''[[Psychotria zombamontana]]''||Red bird-berry||723.1
|-
|[[Rooivrugwitstinkhout]] ||''[[Celtis mildbraedii]]''||Natal white stinkwood||41
|-
|[[Rooivy]] ||''[[Stoeberia arborea]]'' ||Red fig ||103.4
|-
|[[Rooiwortelboom]]||''[[Rhizophora mucronata]]''||Red mangrove||526
|-
|[[Rooiysterhout]]||''[[Ochna holstii]]''||Red ironwood||480
|-
|[[Rosyntjiebos]]||''[[Grewia flava]]''||Sandpaper raisin||459.1
|-
|[[Rotsblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya autumnalis]]''||Rock wildpear||468
|-
|[[Rotsboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum moggii]]'' ||Rock bushwillow ||542
|-
|[[Rotskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora saxicola]]'' ||Rock corkwood ||286
|-
|[[Rotstolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron strobilinum]]'' ||Peninsula conebush ||78
|-
|[[Ruigtekriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium acutifolium]]'' ||Thicket honey-thorn ||669.5
|-
|[[Saalpeultjieboom]]||''[[Wrightia natalensis]]''||Saddle pod||650
|-
|[[Safsafwilger]]||[[Safsafwilger|''Salix mucronata'' subsp. subserrata'']]||Safsaf willow||36
|-
|[[Sambokpeul]]||''[[Cassia abbreviata subsp. beareanna]]'' ||Sjambokpod||212
|-
|[[Sandboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum engleri]]'' ||Sand bushwillow ||535
|-
|[[Sandbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta catophylla]]'' ||Sand bride’s bush ||719.3
|-
|[[Sanddoring]] ||''[[Vachellia arenaria]]'' ||Sand thorn ||186
|-
|[[Sandessenhout]]||''[[Xylia torreana]]''||Sand ash||192
|-
|[[Sandjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona maputensis]]'' ||Maputo jackal-coffee ||699.1
|-
|[[Sandjasmyn]] ||''[[Schrebera trichoclada]]'' ||Sand jasmine<br />Wing-leaved wooden pear ||613
|-
|[[Sandkamhout]]||''[[Baphia massaiensis]]''||Sand camwoord||223
|-
|[[Sandkanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada zanzibariensis]]'' ||Sand canaryberry ||340
|-
|[[Sandkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora angolensis]]''||Sand corkwood||272
|-
|[[Sandkiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia arenicola]]'' ||Sand cabbage-tree ||561.1
|-
|[[Sandkroonbessie]] ||''[[Crossopteryx febrifuga]]'' ||Sand crown-berry ||683
|-
|[[Sandnoemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa tetramera]]'' ||Sand num-num ||640.6
|-
|[[Sandolien]]||''[[Dodonaea viscosa]]''||African sandolive<br />Hopbush||437.1
|-
|[[Sandperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum leprieurii]]'' ||Sand knobwood ||255.1
|-
|[[Sandrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna barbosae]]'' ||Sand plane ||479.2
|-
|[[Sandsterappel]]||''[[Diospyros loureiriana]]''||Sand star-apple||604.1
|-
|[[Sanduiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea mossambicensis]]'' ||Sand onionwood ||531
|-
|[[Sandveldhaarpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa obovata var. elliptica]]'' ||Sandveld resin tree ||373.5
|-
|[[Sandveldluisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum rodolentum]]'' ||Sandveld pincushion ||83
|-
|[[Sandveldwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia filipes]]'' ||Sandveld shepherd's tree ||123.1
|-
|[[Sebrabaskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora viminea]]'' ||Zebra-bark corkwood||279
|-
|[[Sebrabergwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua sebrabergensis]]'' ||Zebra mountain spiderbush ||751
|-
|[[Sebrahout]]||''[[Dalbergia melanoxylon]]''||Zebrawood||232
|-
|[[Seepbos]]||''[[Noltea africana]]''||Soap bush||453
|-
|[[Seepnetel]]||''[[Pouzolzia mixta]]''||Soap nettle||71
|-
|[[Sekhukhunedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sekhukhuniensis]]'' ||Sekhukhune thorn ||184.5
|-
|[[Sekelblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia recurvata]]'' ||Sickle-leaved ricebush ||145.14
|-
|[[Sekelbos]]||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea]]''||Sickle-bush||190
|-
|[[Sekhukhuneboesmanstee]] ||''[[Lydenburgia cassinoides]]''||Sekhukhuni bushman's tea ||406
|-
|[[Sekhukhunebobbejaanstert]] ||''[[Xerophyta retinervis var. multiramosa]]'' ||Sekhukhune baboon's tail ||770
|-
|[[Sekhukhunekaree]] ||''[[Searsia sekhukhuniensis]]'' ||Sekhukhune karee ||393.3
|-
|[[Septeeboom]]||''[[Cordia afra]]''||Septee tree||652
|-
|[[Septemberbossie]]||''[[Polygala myrtifolia]]''||September bush||302.1
|-
|[[Septemberklokkies]]||''[[Rothmannia globosa]]''||Bell gardenia||695
|-
|[[Serpentyndoring]] ||''[[Senegalia loetteri]]'' ||Serpentine thorn ||755
|-
|[[Serpentynsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea curvata]]'' ||Serpentine sugarbush ||88.1
|-
|[[Sigsagkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis fascicularis var. fascicularis]]'' ||Zigzag caperbush ||129.7
|-
|[[Silwerblaarmelkpruim]]||''[[Englerophytum natalense]]''||Natal milkplum||582
|-
|[[Silwerboom]]||''[[Leucadendron argenteum]]''||Silver tree||77
|-
|[[Silwerbos]] ||[[Silwerbos|''Leucadendron uliginosum'' subsp. ''uliginosum'']] ||Outeniqua conebush ||82.6
|-
|[[Silwerhoekstamrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia gracillima]]''||Silver square-stemmed raisin||459.4
|-
|[[Silwerwilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''hirsuta'']] ||Silver willow ||35.1
|-
|[[Skeweblaarbasboontjie]] ||''[[Elephantorrhiza suffruticosa]]'' ||Skew-leaved elephantroot||193.1
|-
|[[Skilferbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia exuvialis]]'' ||Flaky-barked thorn ||164.1
|-
|[[Skoensoolpeul]]||''[[Brachystegia boehmii]]''||Mufuti msasa<br />Prince-of-Wales msasa||198.2
|-
||[[Skotseratel]] ||''[[Amblygonocarpus andongensis]]'' ||Scotsman's rattle||190.2
|-
|[[Skraalrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia denticulata]]'' ||Slender ricebush ||145.6
|-
|[[Skurweblaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia amoena]]''||Sandpaper bush||656
|-
|[[Skurweblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora edulis]]''||Rough-leaved corkwood||275
|-
|[[Skurweblaarrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia flavescens]]''||Velvet raisin||459.2
|-
|[[Skurwevyeboom]] ||''[[Ficus capreifolia]]'' || Rough-leaved fig tree ||50.1
|-
|[[Silwerblaarsuikerbos]] ||[[Silwerblaarsuikerbos|''Protea roupelliae'' subsp. ''roupelliae'']] ||Silver sugarbush ||96
|-
|[[Silwerblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya pulchra]]'' ||Silver wildpear ||470.1
|-
|[[Skraalkaree]] ||''[[Searsia keetii]]'' ||Slender karee ||384.5
|-
|[[Skurweblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia angustifolia var. corymbosa]]'' ||Rough-leaved shepherd tree ||123
|-
|[[Slaaibos]] ||''[[Didelta spinosa]]'' ||Thorny salad bush ||736.2
|-
|[[Slapbergsoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia theronii]]'' ||Slender mountain sweet thorn ||172.3
|-
|[[Slapdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia permixta]]'' ||Slender thorn ||179.1
|-
|[[Slapfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea affinis]]'' ||Slender fountainbush ||226.14
|-
|[[Slaphoringaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe speciosa]]'' ||Tilt-head aloe ||30.5
|-
|[[Slapkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora virgata]]'' ||Slender corkwood ||290
|-
|[[Slapkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium bosciifolium]]'' ||Limpopo honey-thorn ||669.8
|-
|[[Slaploot]] ||''[[Senegalia senegal var. leiorhachis]]'' ||Slender three-hooked thorn||185
|-
|[[Slymappel]]||''[[Azanza garckeana]]''||Snot apple||466
|-
||[[Smalblaarbasboontjie]] ||''[[Elephantorrhiza goetzei]]'' ||Narrow-pod elephantroot||192.1
|-
||[[Smalblaarghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea linearis]]'' ||Lance-leaved guarri ||596
|-
|[[Smalblaarharpuisbos]]||''[[Ozoroa paniculosa var. salicina]]''||Narrow-leaved resin tree||375.1
|-
|[[Smalblaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis brassii]]'' ||Narrow-leaved caperbush ||129.6
|-
|[[Smalblaarmosterdboom]] ||''[[Salvadora australis]]'' ||Narrow-leaved mustard-tree ||621
|-
|[[Smalblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lanceolata]]'' ||Lance-leaved sugarbush ||90.1
|-
|[[Smalblaarwasbessie]]||''[[Morella serrata]]''||Lance-leaved waxberry||38
|-
|[[Smalblad]]||''[[Metrosideros angustifolia]]''||Lance-leaved myrtle||559
|-
|[[Snuifkalbassie]]||''[[Oncoba spinosa]]''||Snuff-box tree||492
|-
|[[Soetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia karroo]]''||Sweet thorn||172
|-
|[[Soutpansbergdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia montis-salinarum]]'' ||Soutpansberg thorn ||753
|-
|[[Soutpansbergmadeliefiebos]]||''[[Callilepis caerulea]]''||Soutpansberg Marguerite||736.3
|-
|[[Soutpansbergroosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon soutpansbergense]]'' ||Soutpansberg rose-apple ||763
|-
|[[Soutpansbergwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria soutpansbergensis]]'' ||Soutpansberg wild-medlar ||703.1
|-
|[[Spalkpendoring]] ||''[[Gloveria integrifolia]]'' ||Splint spike-thorn ||403.9
|-
|[[Spekboom]]||''[[Portulacaria afra]]''||Porkbush||104
|-
|[[Spitsblaarspeldekussing]] ||''[[Leucospermum saxosum]] ''||Escarpment pincushion ||85.3
|-
|[[Spoegboom]] ||''[[Commiphora cervifolia]]''|| Antler-leaved corkwood || 273.5
|-
|[[Springsaadboom]] ||''[[Shirakiopsis elliptica]]'' || Jumping-seed tree ||342
|-
|[[Sprokiesboom]] ||''[[Moringa ovalifolia]]'' || Phantomtree ||137
|-
|[[Stamlose broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos villosus]]'' ||Ground cycad ||14.20
|-
|[[Stamvrug]]||''[[Englerophytum magalismontanum]]''||Transvaal milkplum||581
|-
|[[Stamvrugklimop]] ||''[[Tiliacora funifera]]'' ||Elbow leaf || 104.7
|-
|[[Stamvrugysterpruim]]||''[[Drypetes natalensis]]''||Natal ironplum||316
|-
|[[Stekelblaarklapper]]||''[[Strychnos pungens]]''||Spine-leaved monkey||628
|-
||[[Stekelsplinterboontjie]] ||''[[Adenopodia spicata]]'' ||Spiny splinterbean ||193.5
|-
|[[Sterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia rogersii]]''||Large-leaved star-chestnut||477
|-
|[[Sterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia arborea]]'' ||Startree ||145.1
|-
|[[Sterkbos]]||''[[Terminalia prunioides]]''||Lowveld cluster-leaf||550
|-
|[[Sterretjierosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia sulcata]]''||Stellar raisin||463.9
|-
|[[Sterretjierysbos]]||''[[Cliffortia nitidula]]''||Starry rice-bush||145.2
|-
|[[Stinkbessievingerblaar]]||''[[Vitex mombassae]]''||Poora-berry||660.1
|-
|[[Stinkblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea susannae]]'' ||Stink-leaf sugarbush ||98.1
|-
|[[Stinkbos]] ||''[[Boscia foetida]]''||Stinkbush||124
|-
|[[Stinkebbehout]] ||''[[Heywoodia lucens]]''||Stink ebony ||306
|-
|[[Stinkhout]] ||''[[Ocotea bullata]]''||Stinkwood||118
|-
|[[Stinkwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia foetida subsp. rehmanniana]]'' ||Stink shepherd's tree ||125
|-
|[[Stompblaartaaibos]]||''[[Searsia rehmanniana]]''||Blunt-leaved currant||393.4
|-
|[[Stormbos]] ||''[[Cadaba aphylla]]'' ||Leafless worm bush ||129
|-
|[[Strandaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe thraskii]]'' ||Strand aloe ||30.7
|-
|[[Suidelike skulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria verticillata]]''||Southern Shell-flower||673
|-
|[[Suidkuskiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia nicholsonii]]''||Natal coast cabbage tree||565.1
|-
|[[Suurbergbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos longifolius]]''||Suurberg cycad||9
|-
|[[Suurbergkussingbos]]||''[[Oldenburgia grandis]]''||Suurberg cushion bush||737
|-
|[[Suurbessie]]||''[[Dovyalis rhamnoides]]''||Common sourberry||509
|-
|[[Suurkaree]]||''[[Searsia ciliata]]''||Sour karee||380.2
|-
|[[Suurlat]] ||''[[Freylinia visseri]]'' ||Sandveld honey-bells ||670.4
|-
|[[Suurpruim]] ||[[Suurpruim|''Ximenia afra'' var. ''afra'']] ||Large sour plum||103
|-
|[[Suurtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia krebsiana]]'' ||Mountain currant ||385.1
|-
|[[Swakopmundkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora oblanceolata]]'' || Hyaena corkwood ||284.1
|-
|[[Swartapiesdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia burkei]]''||Black monkey thorn||161
|-
|[[Swartbaardsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lepidocarpodendron]]'' ||Black-bearded sugarbush ||90.5
|-
|[[Swartbas]]||''[[Diospyros whyteana]]''||Bladder-nut||611
|-
|[[Swartbitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos potatorum]]'' ||Black bitterberry ||630
|-
|[[Swarthaak]] ||''[[Senegalia mellifera subsp. detinens]]'' ||Spike-flowered black-thorn ||176
|-
|[[Swartvalstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus africanus]]''||African false currant||425
|-
|[[Swartwortelboom]]||''[[Bruguiera gymnorrhiza]]''||Black mangrove||527
|-
|[[Swazibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos aplanatus]]'' ||Swazi north-east forest cycad ||14.10
|-
|[[Swazidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia swazica]]'' ||Swazi thorn ||187.2
|-
|[[Swazigeelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia glabrata]]'' ||Swazi laburnum ||219.2
|-
|[[Swazipendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia swazica]]'' ||Swazi spike-thorn ||749
|-
|[[Swazi-uiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea swaziensis]]'' ||Swazi onionwood ||531.1
|-
|[[Sweepstokknoppiesboontjie]] ||''[[Maerua kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko beadbean ||133.8
|-
|[[Sybas]]||''[[Maytenus acuminata]]''||Rock silky bark||398
|-
|[[Sydoring]]||''[[Vachellia rehmanniana]]''||Silky thorn||182
|-
|[[Syhaartolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron pubescens]]'' ||Grey conebush ||81.3
|-
|[[Syhaarveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne pilosa]]''||Silky fibre-bush||518
|-
|[[Taaijakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros glandulifera]]'' ||Sticky star-apple ||603.2
|-
|[[Tambotie]] ||''[[Spirostachys africana]]''||Tamboti||341
|-
|[[Teerhout]] ||''[[Loxostylis alata]]''||Tarwood||365
|-
|[[Teerysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia paucistaminea]]'' ||Tea ricebush ||145.12
|-
|[[Terblanzboom]] ||''[[Faurea macnaughtonii]]'' ||Terblanz beech||74
|-
|[[Tolbalie]] ||''[[Empogona lanceolata]]''||Jackal-coffee ||699
|-
|[[Tolvruglukwart]] ||''[[Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. stenocarpus]]'' ||Spindle-fruited loquat ||696.3
|-
|[[Tongabergaalwyn]] ||[[Tongabergaalwyn|''Aloe marlothii'' subsp. ''orientalis'']] ||Tonga mountain aloe ||29.7
|-
|[[Tongaboomaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloidendron tongaense]]'' ||Tonga tree aloe ||29.9
|-
|[[Tongadoringkatjiepiering]] ||''[[Hyperacanthus microphyllus]]'' ||Tonga spiny gardenia ||689.7
|-
|[[Tongakatjiepiering]] ||''[[Gardenia cornuta]]'' || Tonga gardenia ||690.1
|-
|[[Tongakierie]] ||''[[Crateva kirkii]]'' ||Tonga kierie ||131
|-
|[[Tongakwar]] ||''[[Psydrax fragrantissima]]'' ||Tonga quar ||712.1
|-
|[[Tongalandbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ferox]]'' || Tongaland cycad ||3.4
|-
|[[Towerghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea divinorum]]''||Magic guarri||595
|-
|[[Transvaalbergsuikerbos]] of [[Transvaalbergsuikerbos|platorandsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea rubropilosa]]'' ||Transvaal sugarbush ||97
|-
|[[Transvaalsesambos]] ||''[[Sesamothamnus lugardii]]'' ||Sesame-bush ||680
|-
|[[Trassiedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia hebeclada]]'' ||Candle-pod thorn ||170
|-
|[[Treurbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta lanceolata]]''||Weeping bride's bush||718.1
|-
|[[Treurharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa engleri]]''||White resin tree||371
|-
|[[Treurkersielemoen]]||''[[Teclea natalensis]]''||Natal cherry-orange||264
|-
|[[Treurtrassiedoring]]||''[[Vachellia hebeclada subsp. tristis]]'' ||Weeping candle-pod thorn ||170.2
|-
|[[Trilblaarvy]] ||[[Trilblaarvy|''Ficus tremula'' subsp. ''tremula'']] ||Trembling-leaf fig ||67
|-
|[[Tropiese blompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya quinqueseta]]'' ||Tropical wildpear ||470.5
|-
|[[Tropiese kweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya liebertiana]]'' ||Tropical wild quince ||113.1
|-
|[[Tropiese pendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia maranguensis]]'' ||Tropical spike thorn ||399.9
|-
|[[Troshofiesuikerbos]] ||''[[Troshofiesuikerbos|Protea welwitschii]]'' ||Cluster-head sugarbush ||98.2
|-
|[[Trosvy]]||[[Trosvy|''Ficus sycomorus'' subsp. ''sycomorus'']]||Common cluster fig||66
|-
|[[Tsitsikammatolbos]] ||[[Tsitsikammatolbos|''Leucadendron uliginosum'' subsp. ''glabratum'']] ||Tsitsikamma conebush ||82.5
|-
|[[Tugelapendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia macrocarpa]]'' ||Tugela spike-thorn ||401.8
|-
|[[Tugelastinkwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia foetida subsp. longipedicellata]]'' ||Tugela stinkbush ||124.1
|-
|[[Tuitpeulpronkstert]] ||''[[Gelrebia rostrata]]'' ||Beaked-pod plumeflower ||214.6
|-
|[[Tweeblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Welwitschia mirabilis]]'' ||Welwitschia ||21.1
|-
|[[Tweelingrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca trichogyne]]''||Twin red-berry||332.4
|-
|[[Uiehout]]||''[[Cassipourea malosana]]''||Common onionwood||529
|-
|[[Uitenhaagaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe africana]]'' ||Uitenhage aloe ||28.2
|-
|[[Umbeluzibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos umbeluziensis]]'' ||Umbeluzi cycad ||14.19
|-
|[[Umtiza]]||''[[Umtiza listeriana]]''||Umtiza||205
|-
|[[Uniondaletolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron rourkei]]'' ||Uniondale conebush ||81.6
|-
|[[Vaalalbasterboom]] ||''[[Guilandina bonduc]]'' ||Grey nickar||214.4
|-
|[[Vaalblaarwurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba termitaria]]'' ||Grey-leaved worm bush||129.3
|-
|[[Vaalboom]]||''[[Terminalia sericea]]''||Silver cluster-leaf||551
|-
|[[Vaalkameeldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia haematoxylon]]'' ||Grey camel thorn ||169
|-
|[[Vaalkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia transvaalensis]]''||Transvaal cabbage tree||564.3
|-
|[[Vaalkreupelhout]]|| [[Vaalkreupelhout|''Leucospermum conocarpdendron'' subsp. ''conocarpdendron'']] ||Grey pincushion||84
|-
|[[Vaalpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia capitata]]'' ||Ashen spike-thorn ||401.4
|-
|[[Vaalpypsteelboom]]||''[[Vitex zeyheri]]''||Silver pipe-stem tree||666
|-
|[[Vaalrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia monticola]]''||Silver raisin||462
|-
|[[Vaalstompie]] ||''[[Mimetes argenteus]]'' ||Silver pagoda ||72.7
|-
|[[Vaaltolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron conicum]]'' ||Garden Route conebush||78.1
|-
|[[Valleibosnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia grandidens]]''||Valley-bush euphorbia||350
|-
|[[Valleiboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum stylesii]]'' ||Valley bushwillow ||545.5
|-
|[[Valleirooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca natalensis]]'' ||Valley redberry||332.5
|-
|[[Valsassegaai]]||''[[Maesa lanceolata]]''||False assegai||577
|-
|[[Valsbliksembos]]||''[[Pseudophyllanthus ovalis]]||False-lightningbush||305
|-
|[[Valsblinkblaar]] ||''[[Itea rhamnoides]]'' || False shinyleaf ||138
|-
|[[Valsbruidsbos]]||''[[Tarenna pavettoides]]''||False bride's bush||686
|-
|[[Valsdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium armatum]]'' ||False turkeyberry ||715
|-
|[[Valskatjiepiering]] ||''[[Rothmannia capensis]]''||Cape gardenia||693
|-
|[[Valskiepersol]] ||''[[Neocussonia umbellifera]]''||False cabbage tree||566
|-
|[[Valskralesnoer]] ||''[[Micrococca capensis]]'' ||False bead-string||332.2
|-
|[[Valslekkerbreek]] ||''[[Brackenridgea zanguebarica]]'' ||Yellow false-plane ||483.1
|-
|[[Valsmaroela]] ||''[[Lannea schweinfurthii]]''||False marula||363
|-
|[[Valsmispel]] ||''[[Vangueriopsis lanciflora]]''||False medlar||704
|-
|[[Valspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia pyracantha]]'' ||False spikethorn ||403.1
|-
|[[Valspapierblom]] ||''[[Pisonia aculeata]]'' ||Mock bougainvillea ||103.8
|-
|[[Valsperdebos]]||''[[Hippobromus pauciflorus]]''||False horsewood||438
|-
|[[Valsrooipeer]]||''[[Pseudoscolopia polyantha]]''||False-redpear||499
|-
|[[Valssilwerrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia inaequilatera]]''||False-silver raisin||460.1
|-
|[[Valssybas]]||''[[Robsonodendron eucleiforme]]''||False silky-bark||413
|-
|[[Valstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus decipiens]]''||Small-leaf false currant<br />Bastard currant||423
|-
|[[Valsvaalrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia subspathulata]]''||Hybrid raisin||463.8
|-
|[[Vals-wag-'n-bietjie]]||''[[Ziziphus rivularis]]''||False buffalo-thorn||448
|-
|[[Valswaterbessie]] ||''[[Rhynchocalyx lawsonioides]]'' ||False-waterberry ||523.1
|-
|[[Valswitessenhout]] ||''[[Pseudobersama mossambicensis]]'' ||False white ash ||302
|-
|[[Vanstadensbergheuningbostee]] ||''[[Cyclopia longifolia]]'' ||Van Stadensberg honeybush tea ||224.2
|-
|[[Vanstadensepterboom]] ||''[[Paranomus reflexus]]'' ||Van Staden's sceptre ||72.4
|-
|[[Vanwykshout]]||''[[Bolusanthus speciosus]]''||Tree wisteria||222
|-
|[[Veldwildevy]] ||''[[Ficus burtt-davyi]]'' || Burtt Davy's fig ||49
|-
|[[Vendabroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos hirsutus]]'' ||Venda cycad ||14.6
|-
|[[Vendaboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum vendae]]'' ||Venda bushwillow ||540.3
|-
|[[Vendasyhaarkoffie]] ||''[[Sericanthe andongensis subsp. legatti]]'' ||Venda silky-coffee ||697
|-
|[[Vierblaarboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum adenogonium]]'' ||Four-leaved bushwillow ||531.4
|-
|[[Viervingerbos]] ||''[[Bachmannia woodii]]'' ||Four-finger bush ||121
|-
|[[Vlamdoring]]||''[[Senegalia ataxacantha]]''||Flame thorn||160
|-
|[[Vlam-van-die-vlakte]]||''[[Bauhinia galpinii]]''||Pride-of-De Kaap||208.2
|-
|[[Vlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum microphyllum]]'' ||Flamecreeper ||545
|-
|[[Vleidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia stuhlmannii]]'' ||Vlei thorn ||187.1
|-
|[[Vleiknoppiesbos]] ||''[[Berzelia lanuginosa]]'' ||Marsh buttonbush ||141.2
|-
|[[Vleirysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia strobilifera]]'' ||Bog ricebush ||145.3
|-
|[[Vleisneeubos]] ||''[[Berzelia albiflora]]'' ||Marsh snowbush ||141.3
|-
|[[Vleitee]] ||''[[Cyclopia subternata]]'' ||Honeybush-tea ||224.4
|-
|[[Vlerkboon]]||''[[Xeroderris stuhlmannii]]''||Wing bean||240
|-
|[[Vlerkvrugpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia hemipterocarpa]]'' ||Winged-fruit spike-thorn ||399.8
|-
|[[Vlerkwortel]] ||''[[Polemanniopsis marlothii]]'' ||Winged-carrot ||746
|-
|[[Vloedvlaktedoring]] || ''[[Vachellia kirkii subsp. kirkii var. kirkii]]'' ||Floodplain thorn ||173
|-
|[[Voëlsitboom]]||''[[Antidesma venosum]]''||Tassel berry||318
|-
|[[Vratjievrugbliksembos]]||''[[Clutia pulchella]]''||Warty-fruit lightning-bush||336.2
|-
|[[Vratjiewitbessiebos]] ||''[[Flueggea verrucosa]]'' ||Warty white-berry bush ||309.1
|-
|[[Vrystaatse geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia reflexa]]'' || Free State golden-pea<br />Sotho laburnum ||220.1
|-
|[[Waaieraalwyn]] ||''[[Kumara plicatilis]]'' ||Franschhoek aloe ||29.6
|-
|[[Waboom]]||''[[Protea nitida]]''||Wagon tree||86
|-
|[[Wakkerstroomrooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia oreophila]]''||Wakkerstroom red-pear||496.1
|-
|[[Wasagtige broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cerinus]]'' ||Waxen cycad ||14.12
|-
|[[Waterbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos eugene-maraisii]]'' ||Waterberg cycad ||3.1
|-
|[[Waterbergrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia rogersii]]''||Waterberg raisin||463.7
|-
|[[Waterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium cordatum]]''||Water berry||555
|-
|[[Waterboomheide]]||''[[Erica afra]]''||Water tree heath<br />Sweet scented heath||572
|-
|[[Waterdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia nebrownii]]'' ||Water thorn ||177.1
|-
|[[Waterkeurtjie]]||''[[Podalyria calyptrata]]''||Water blossom pea||225
|-
|[[Waterpeer]]||''[[Syzygium guineense]]''||Water pear<br />Water berry||557
|-
|[[Waterpokysterhout]] ||''[[Chionanthus battiscombei]]'' ||Water pock-ironwood ||614
|-
|[[Watersybas]] ||''[[Maytenus cordata]]'' ||Water silkybark||398.3
|-
|[[Watertaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia gerrardii]]'' ||River karee ||378
|-
|[[Watervaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena neriifolia]]''||Cape silveroak<br />Water white alder||729
|-
|[[Watervlier]]||''[[Nuxia oppositifolia]]''||Water elder||635
|-
|[[Watervy]] ||''[[Ficus verruculosa]]'' ||Water fig ||67.1
|-
|[[Waterwitsuikerbos]]||[[Waterwitsuikerbos|Protea punctata]]|| Water white sugarbush || 94.1
|-
|[[Westelike geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia intrusa]]'' ||Western wild laburnum ||219.3
|-
|[[Westelike koolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis hanekomii]]''||Western coalwood||307.2
|-
|[[Westelike smalblaarwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella integra]]'' ||Western lance-leaved wax-berry ||38.1
|-
|[[Wilde-amandel]]||''[[Brabejum stellatifolium]]''||Wild almond||72
|-
|[[Wilde-appelkoos]]||''[[Dovyalis zeyheri]]''||Wild apricot||511
|-
|[[Wildedadelboom]]||''[[Phoenix reclinata]]''||Wild date palm||22
|-
|[[Wildefrangipani]]||''[[Voacanga thouarsii]]''||Wild frangipani||646
|-
|[[Wildegranaat]]||''[[Burchellia bubalina]]''||Wild pomegranate||688
|-
|[[Wildegroenhaarboom]]||''[[Parkinsonia africana]]''||Wild green-hair tree||214
|-
|[[Wildejasmyn]]||''[[Schrebera alata]]''||Wild jasmine||612
|-
|[[Wildekanferboom]] ||''[[Cryptocarya myrtifolia]]'' ||Myrtle wild quince ||115
|-
|[[Wildekastaiing]] ||''[[Calodendrum capense]]'' ||Cape chestnut ||256
|-
|[[Wildelukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus speciosus]]''||Wild loquat||696
|-
|[[Wildemango]]||''[[Cordyla africana]]''||Wild mango||216
|-
|[[Wildemispel]]||''[[Vangueria infausta]]''||Wild medlar||702
|-
|[[Wildemoerbei]]||''[[Trimeria grandifolia]]''||Wild mulberry||503
|-
|[[Wildenaeltjiebos]] ||''[[Montinia caryophyllacea]]'' ||Wild-clovebush ||137.5
|-
|[[Wildenartjie]]||''[[Toddaliopsis bremekampii]]''||Wild mandarin||262
|-
|[[Wildepatat]] ||''[[Maerua racemulosa]]'' ||Forest bush-cherry ||134
|-
|[[Wildeperske]]||''[[Kiggelaria africana]]''||Wild peach||494
|-
|[[Wildepiesang]]||''[[Ensete ventricosum]]''||Wild banana||31
|-
|[[Wildepopulier]]||''[[Macaranga capensis]]''||Wild poplar<br />River macaranga||335
|-
|[[Wildepruim]]||''[[Harpephyllum caffrum]]''||Wild plum||361
|-
|[[Wildesalie]]||''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]''||Sagewood||637
|-
|[[Wildesering]]||''[[Burkea africana]]''||Wild-seringa||197
|-
|[[Wildesuikerappel]] ||''[[Annona senegalensis]]''||Wild custard-apple||105
|-
|[[Wildevlier]] ||''[[Nuxia congesta]]''||Common wild elder||633
|-
|[[Wilgerblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia salicifolia]]''||Willow-leaved shepherd's tree||128.1
|-
|[[Wilgerkorentebos]] ||''[[Searsia angustifolia]]''||Willow karee||377.1
|-
|[[Wilgerkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium arenicola]]'' ||Willow honeythorn ||669.7
|-
|[[Wilgerpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia bachmannii]]''||Willow spike-thorn||398.2
|-
|[[Witbessiebos]]||''[[Flueggea virosa]]''||White-berry bush||309
|-
|[[Witblombos]] ||''[[Metalasia muricata]]''||White bristle bush||736
|-
|[[Witblomtontelhout]]||''[[Volkameria glabra]]''||Tinderwood||667
|-
|[[Witbos]]||''[[Maerua cafra]]''||Spider bush||133
|-
|[[Witels]]||''[[Platylophus trifoliatus]]''||White alder||141
|-
|[[Witessenhout]]||''[[Bersama tysoniana]]''||Coastal white ash||443
|-
|[[Witfluweelboomheide]] ||''[[Erica simii]]''||White-velvet tree erica||576
|-
|[[Withaarbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos friderici-guilielmi]]''||White-haired cycad||4
|-
|[[Without]]||''[[Ilex mitis]]''||Cape holly||397
|-
|[[Witkaree]]||''[[Searsia pendulina]]''||White karree||396
|-
|[[Witkershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus echinatus]]''||White candlewood||405
|-
|[[Witmelkhout]]||''[[Sideroxylon inerme]]''||White milkwood||579
|-
|[[Witolienhout]]||''[[Buddleja saligna]]''||False olive||636
|-
|[[Witonderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus ellipticus]]''||White hazel<br />Natal hazel||143
|-
|[[Witpeer]]||''[[Apodytes dimidiata]]''||White pear||422
|-
|[[Witrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia bicolor]]''||Bastard raisin||458
|-
|[[Witseebasboom]]||''[[Avicennia marina]]''||White mangrove||669
|-
|[[Witsering]] ||''[[Kirkia acuminata]]''||White seringa||267
|-
|[[Witstam]] ||''[[Euclea schimperi]]'' ||Glossy guarri||600
|-
|[[Witdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia polyacantha subsp. campylacantha]]'' ||White-stemmed thorn||180
|-
|[[Witstamkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora tenuipetiolata]]''||White-stem corkwood||289
|-
|[[Witstinkhout]]||''[[Celtis africana]]''||White stinkwood||39
|-
|[[Witstippelbospendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia nemorosa]]''||White forest spike-thorn||399.3
|-
|[[Witsuikerbos]]||''[[Protea lacticolor]]''||Hottentot sugarbush||90
|-
|[[Witysterhout]]||''[[Vepris lanceolata]]''||White ironwood||261
|-
|[[Wolbaardsuikerbos]]||''[[Protea magnifica]]''||Queen sugarbush||86.1
|-
|[[Wolftoon]]||''[[Wolftoon|Portulacaria namaquensis]]''||Namaqua porkbush||104.1
|-
|[[Wolkbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos dolomiticus]]''||Wolkberg cycad||14.4
|-
|[[Wolkbergdrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena transvaalensis]]''||Wolkberg dragon tree||30.10
|-
|[[Wollerige baakhout]]||''[[Greyia radlkoferi]]''||Transvaal bottlebrush||445
|-
|[[Wollerige broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos heenanii]]''||Woolly cycad||14.1
|-
|[[Wollerige geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia woodii]]'' ||Woolly wild laburnum ||219.5
|-
|[[Wollerige kapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis tomentosa]]''||Woolly caperbush||130.1
|-
|[[Wolwedoring]] ||''[[Lycium oxycarpum]]''||Karoo honey-thorn||669.1
|-
|[[Wolwegifboom]] ||''[[Hyaenanche globosa]]''||Hyaena poison||319
|-
|[[Wonderboomvy]]||''[[Ficus salicifolia]]''||Wild rubber fig||60
|-
|[[Wonderkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora buruxa]]''||Wonder corkwoord||272.5
|-
|[[Wonderplant]] ||''[[Tinospora fragosa]]''||Marvel creeper||104.9
|-
|[[Wonderstok]] ||''[[Tinospora tenera]]''||Marvel-creeper||104.10
|-
|[[Woodbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos woodii]]''||Wood's giant-cycad||14
|-
|[[Worsboom]]||''[[Kigelia africana]]''||Sausage tree||678
|-
|[[Wortelboommahonie]] ||''[[Xylocarpus granatum]]'' ||Mangrove mahogany ||294.5
|-
|[[Wurmbasvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia anthelmintica]]''||Worm-bark false-thorn||150
|-
|[[Wyliespoortaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe angelica]]''||Wyliespoort aloe||28.4
|-
|[[Ysterhout]]||''[[Olea capensis]]''||Black ironwood||618
|-
|[[Ystermartiens]] ||''[[Laurophyllus capensis]]''||Iron martin||366
|-
|[[Zambeziboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum celastroides]]'' ||Zambezi bushwillow ||533.8
|-
|[[Zambezikanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea zambesica]]'' ||Zambezi honeysuckletree ||297.1
|-
|[[Zambezikiaat]]||''[[Baikiaea plurijuga]]''||Zambezi-teak||206
|-
|[[Zambeziboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum celastroides]]'' ||Zambezi bushwillow ||533.8
|-
|[[Zambezikaree]] ||''[[Searsia lucens]]''||Zambezi karee||388.2
|-
|[[Zambezivalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha ornata]]'' ||Zambezi false-nettle ||335.6
|-
|[[Zimbabwe-aalwyn]]||[[Zimbabwe-aalwyn|''Aloe excelsa'' var. ''excelsa'']]||Zimbabwe aloe||28.8
|-
|[[Zoeloekersielemoen]]||''[[Vepris trichocarpa]]''||Zulu cherry-orange||263
|-
|[[Zoeloekiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia zuluensis]]'' ||Zulu cabbage-tree ||561
|-
|[[Zoeloelukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus latifolius]]''||Zulu loquat||696.1
|-
|[[Zoeloemelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara concolor]]''||Zulu milkberry||586
|-
|[[Zoeloepeulbessie]]||''[[Dialium schlechteri]]'' ||Zulu podberry ||211
|-
|[[Zoeloevalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia suluensis]]''||Zulu false-thorn||156
|}
{{clear}}
== Bronne ==
* [http://www.treetags.co.za/indigenous-south-african-trees/numbered-FSA-tree-species-list-19-april-2010.pdf Treetags.co.za: Numbered Tree Species List in South Africa, April 2010]
* [http://www.ispotnature.org/TreesSA iSpot: South African Tree Common Names] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621164532/http://www.ispotnature.org/TreesSA |date=21 Junie 2017 }}
* [http://pza.sanbi.org/ SANBI: PlantZAfrica]
* [http://iscantree.co.za/catalogue/ iScanTree: Tree List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706150132/http://iscantree.co.za/catalogue/ |date= 6 Julie 2017 }}
* [https://books.google.co.za/books?id=RFNcAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:ISBN1770078320 Watter Boom Is Dit?, Eugene Moll, Penguin Random House South Africa, 2013]{{Dooie skakel|date=Augustus 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://redlist.sanbi.org/index.php SANBI: Rooilys van Suid-Afrikaanse Plante]
* [https://www.wits.ac.za/media/migration/files/cs-38933-fix/migrated-pdf/pdfs-1/trcflist.pdf Recommended English names for South African Trees, Universiteit van die Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]
* [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9781868259229 Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa, Braam Van Wyk en Piet Van Wyk, 1997]
* [https://pilanesbergsafaris.com/useful_info_tree.php Trees of the Pilanesberg National Park]
* [https://www.sanbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/saprotectedtrees2011.pdf List of Protected Tree Species under the National Forests Act (Wet nr 84 van 1998)]
== Sien ook ==
* [[Bas]]
* [[Blaar]]
* [[Boom]]
* [[Lys van indringerplante in Suid-Afrika]]
* [[Lys van uitheemse bome wat in Suid-Afrika voorkom]]
[[Kategorie:Bome van Afrika| ]]
[[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse lyste|Bome, alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Lyste van plantspesies]]
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{multiple image2
| align = left
| direction = horizontal
| total_width = 900
| footer =
| image1 = Vachellia xanthophloea 20D 3046.jpg
| alt1 = Koorsboom
| caption1 = [[Koorsboom]]
| image2 = Southafrica428yellowwood.jpg
| alt2 = Outeniekwageelhout
| caption2 = [[Outeniekwageelhout|Outenikwa-geelhout]]
| image3 = Vachellia karroo 1947.jpg
| alt3 = Soetdoring
| caption3 = [[Soetdoring]]
| image4 = Tarchonanthus camphoratus 1DS-II 3-4583.jpg
| alt4 = Kanferbos
| caption4 = [[Kanferbos]]
| image5 = Olinia emarginata 1DS-II 0056.jpg
| alt5 = Berghardepeer
| caption5 = [[Berghardepeer]]
| image6 = Cyathea dregei00.jpg
| alt6 = Grasveldboomvaring
| caption6 = [[Grasveldboomvaring|Grasveld-boomvaring]]
| image7 = Cussonia paniculata, habitus, Phalandingwe, a.jpg
| alt7 = Hoëveldkiepersol
| caption7 = [[Hoëveldkiepersol]]
}}{{-}}
Hier volg ’n sorteerbare lys van [[inheems]]e [[boom|bome]] van Suider-Afrika met hulle FSA-nommers:
{| border="1" align="left" class="wikitable sortable"
!Afrikaanse naam!!Botaniese naam!!Engelse naam!!FSA-nommer
|-
|[[Aartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus reticulatus]]''||Potato bush||311
|-
|[[Abiekwasgeelhout]]||''[[Tamarix usneoides]]''||Wild tamarisk||487
|-
|[[Afrikabloubessie]]||''[[Vaccinium exul]]''||Transvaal cranberry||571
|-
|[[Afrikageelmelkhout]]||''[[Garcinia livingstonei]]''||Lowveld mangosteen||486
|-
|[[Afrikaharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa reticulata]]''||Bushveld resin tree||376
|-
|[[Afrikahondsroos]]||''[[Xylotheca kraussiana]]''||African dog-rose||493
|-
|[[Afrikamoerbei]]||''[[Afromorus mesozygia]]''||African mulberry||44
|-
|[[Afrikasoetlemoen]] ||''[[Maclura africana]]'' || Thorny mulberry ||44.1
|-
|[[Afrikasterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia africana]]''||African star-chestnut||474
|-
|[[Afrikawaaierpalm]]||''[[Borassus aethiopum]]''||Selati palm||25
|-
|[[Akkerjakkalsbessie]]||''[[Diospyros natalensis]]''||Small-leaved jackal-berry||607
|-
|[[Albaniebroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos latifrons]]'' ||Albany cycad ||7
|-
|[[Albanierooibostee]] ||''[[Aspalathus teres]]'' ||Albany rooibos tea ||225.9
|-
|[[Albinobessie]]||''[[Aphloia theiformis]]''||Albino-berry ||505
|-
|[[Anaboom]]||''[[Faidherbia albida]]''||Ana tree||159
|-
|[[Angolabrandnetel]] ||''[[Obetia carruthersiana]]'' ||Angola nettle ||69
|-
|[[Angolakiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia angolensis]]'' ||Angola cabbage-tree ||560.5
|-
|[[Angolavingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex angolensis]]'' ||Angola fingerleaf ||659.1
|-
|[[Angolawolftoon]] ||''[[Angolawolftoon|Portulacaria carrissoana]]'' ||Angola porkbush ||103.10
|-
|[[Anysbergsterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia conifera]]'' ||Anysberg startree ||145.5
|-
|[[Apiesdoring]]||''[[Senegalia galpinii]]''||Monkey thorn||166
|-
|[[Apiespeul]]||''[[Senna petersiana]]''||Monkeypod||213
|-
|[[Appelblaar]]||''[[Philenoptera violacea]]''||Apple leaf||238
|-
|[[Assegaai (boom)]]||''[[Curtisia dentata]]''||Assegai bush||570
|-
|[[Baardbessie]] ||''[[Searsia incisa]]'' ||Rubrub-berry ||385
|-
|[[Baardboomheide]] ||''[[Erica triflora]]'' || Bearded tree erica ||575
|-
|[[Barbertonbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta barbertonensis]]'' ||Barberton brides-bush ||716.2
|-
|[[Barbertonse bergsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea comptonii]]'' ||Saddleback sugarbush ||88
|-
|[[Barbertonse broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos paucidentatus]]'' ||Barberton cycad ||11
|-
|[[Basboom]]||''[[Dais cotinifolia]]''||Pompon tree||521
|-
|[[Basboontjie]]||''[[Elephantorrhiza burkei]]''||Sumach bean<br /> Elephantroot||193
|-
|[[Basterkokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron pillansii]]'' ||Bastard quiver tree ||30
|-
|[[Basterkreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum patersonii]]'' ||Silver-edge pincushion ||85
|-
|[[Basterstinkhout]] ||''[[Ocotea kenyensis]]'' ||Mock stinkwood ||119
|-
|[[Bastersuikerappel]] ||''[[Hexalobus monopetalus]]'' ||Shakama plum ||106
|-
|[[Bastersuurpruim]] of [[Bastersuurpruim|kleinvalssuurpruim]] ||''[[Olax dissitiflora]]'' ||Bastard sourplum ||101
|-
|[[Bastertambotie]] ||''[[Cleistanthus schlechteri]]''||False tamboti||320
|-
|[[Bastervy]] ||''[[Trilepisium madagascariense]]'' ||Bastard fig ||45
|-
|[[Baviaanskloofseder]]||''[[Widdringtonia schwarzii]]'' ||Willowmore cedar||21
|-
|[[Bedfordbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cycadifolius]]'' ||Bedford cycad ||14.14
|-
|[[Beesganna]] ||''[[Salsola arborea]]''||Cattle ganna ||103.2
|-
|[[Bergaalwyn]] ||[[Bergaalwyn|''Aloe marlothii'' subsp. ''marlothii'']] ||Mountain aloe||29.5
|-
|[[Bergbamboes]] ||''[[Bergbambos tessellata]]'' ||Drakensberg bamboo ||21.5
|-
|[[Bergbas]] ||''[[Osyris lanceolata]]'' ||Rock tannin bush ||100
|-
|[[Bergbrandnetel]] ||''[[Obetia tenax]]'' ||Mountain nettle ||70
|-
|[[Bergdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium kuntzeanum]]'' ||Mountain turkey-berry ||708.1
|-
|[[Bergfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea angustifolia]]'' ||Mountain fountain-bush ||226.15
|-
|[[Berggeelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia sericea]]'' ||Mountain wild laburnum ||219.4
|-
|[[Bergghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea coriacea]]'' ||Mountain guarri ||593
|-
|[[Berghardepeer]] ||''[[Olinia emarginata]]''||Mountain hard-pear<br />Transvaal hard-pear||514
|-
|[[Bergkaree]] ||''[[Searsia leptodictya]]'' ||Mountain karree||387
|-
|[[Bergkoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia divaricata]]'' || Mountain kuni-bush ||381.2
|-
|[[Bergmahonie]] ||''[[Entandrophragma caudatum]]''||Mountain mahogany||293
|-
|[[Bergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia phillipsii]]'' ||Mountain ricebush ||145.13
|-
|[[Bergsalie]] ||''[[Buddleja loricata]]'' ||Mountain Sagewood ||636.2
|-
|[[Bergsering]] ||''[[Kirkia wilmsii]]''||Mountain seringa||269
|-
|[[Bergsipres]] ||''[[Widdringtonia nodiflora]]''||Mountain cypress||20
|-
|[[Bergtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. integrifolia]]'' ||Mountain firethorn currant ||392.3
|-
|[[Bergvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena rotundata]]'' ||Mountain silver-oak ||730
|-
|[[Bergverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera frutescens]]''||Mountain Indigo ||226.3
|-
|[[Bergwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella microbracteata]]'' ||Mountain waxberry ||37.2
|-
|[[Bergwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria parvifolia]]'' ||Mountain wild-medlar ||703
|-
|[[Bergwildepiesang]] ||''[[Strelitzia caudata]]''||Transvaal wild banana||33
|-
|[[Bergwitboom]] ||''[[Ehretia alba]]''||White Puzzle-bush||655.5
|-
|[[Besembos]] ||''[[Searsia erosa]]'' ||Broom karee ||383
|-
|[[Besemkraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia fastigiata]]'' ||Broom currant ||383.1
|-
|[[Besemtrosvy]]||''[[Ficus sur]]''||Broom cluster fig||50
|-
|[[Bietou]] ||''[[Osteospermum moniliferum]]'' ||Bush tickberry ||736.1
|-
|[[Bitteraalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe ferox]]'' ||Bitter aloe ||29.2
|-
|[[Bitterblaar]]||''[[Brachylaena elliptica]]''||Bitter leaf||725
|-
|[[Bitterkaree]] ||''[[Searsia marlothii]]'' ||Bitter karee ||389.2
|-
|[[Bittervalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia amara]]''||Bitter false-thorn||149
|-
|[[Blaarbessie]] ||''[[Tapura fischeri]]'' ||Leafberry ||304
|-
|[[Blaasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia luederitzii var. retinens]]'' ||Balloon thorn ||174.1
|-
|[[Bladdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia fleckii]]'' ||Blade thorn ||165
|-
|[[Bleekbassoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia natalitia]]'' ||Pale-bark sweet thorn ||172.1
|-
|[[Blinkblaar]]||''[[Rhamnus prinoides]]''||Dogwood||452
|-
|[[Blinkblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora schimperi]]''||Glossy-leaved corkwood||287
|-
|[[Blinkblaarsuurbessie]] ||''[[Dovyalis lucida]]'' ||Glossy-leaved bitterberry ||508
|-
|[[Blinkblaar-wag-’n-bietjie]]||''[[Ziziphus mucronata]]''||Buffalo-thorn||447
|-
|[[Blinkblaarwitessenhout]]||''[[Bersama lucens]]''||Glossy white ash||439
|-
|[[Blinkbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta kotzei]]''||Glossy Forest Brides-bush||717.3
|-
|[[Blinkfluweelkaree]] ||''[[Searsia quartiniana]]'' ||Glossy velvet karee ||393
|-
|[[Blinkhardebos]] ||''[[Phylica oleifolia]]'' ||Glossy hard-leaf ||453.3
|-
|[[Blinktaaibos]]||''[[Searsia lucida]]''||Glossy wild currant||388.1
|-
|[[Bloedhoutbos]] ||''[[Haematoxylum dinteri]]'' ||Bloodwood-bush ||213.6
|-
|[[Blombos]] ||''[[Metalasia densa]]'' ||Common flowerbush ||735.4
|-
|[[Blosendesuikerbos]] of [[Blosendesuikerbos|pienksuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea stokoei]]'' ||Pink sugarbush ||97.5
|-
|[[Bloubaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora caerulea]]'' ||Blue-barked corkwood ||272.1
|-
|[[Bloubitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos usambarensis]]''||Blue bitterberry||631
|-
|[[Bloublaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora glaucescens]]'' ||Blue-leaved corkwood ||276
|-
|[[Bloublaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia glaucophylla]]'' ||Blue-leaved spike-thorn ||399.6
|-
|[[Bloublaarrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna glauca]]'' ||Blue-leaved plane ||479.3
|-
|[[Bloublaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua decumbens]]'' ||Blue-leaved spiderbush ||133.2
|-
|[[Bloubos]]||''[[Diospyros lycioides]]''||Karoo bluebush||605.2
|-
|[[Bloubotterboom]] ||''[[Tylecodon paniculatus subsp. glaucus]]'' ||Blue botterboom ||743
|-
|[[Bloubroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos nubimontanus]]'' ||Blue cycad ||14.9
|-
|[[Bloughwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea crispa]]''||Mountain guarri||594
|-
|[[Blouhaak]] ||''[[Senegalia erubescens]]''||Blue thorn||164
|-
|[[Blouheuningbos]] ||''[[Freylinia tropica]]'' ||Blue honeybells ||670.3
|-
|[[Bloukoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia glauca]]'' ||Blue kuni-bush ||383.2
|-
|[[Bloulourier]] ||''[[Cryptocarya angustifolia]]'' ||Blue laurel ||112
|-
|[[Baardsuikerbos]] ||''[[Baardsuikerbos|Protea neriifolia]]'' ||Blue sugarbush ||93.1
|-
|[[Blousuurpruim]] ||[[Blousuurpruim|''Ximenia americana'' var. ''america'']] ||Blue sourplum||101.5
|-
|[[Bloutaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia zeyheri]]'' ||Blue crowberry ||396.1
|-
|[[Bloutolbos]] ||''[[Diospyros pallens]]'' ||Blue star-apple ||607.3
|-
|[[Blyderivierbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cupidus]]'' ||Blyde River cycad ||14.13
|-
|[[Blydesuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea laetans]]'' ||Blyde sugarbush ||90.4
|-
|[[Bobbejaankoolbos]] ||''[[Othonna triplinervia]]'' ||Three-veined othonna ||741
|-
|[[Bobbejaankos]] ||''[[Stangeria eriopus]]'' ||Natal grass cycad ||14.21
|-
|[[Boesmansgif]]||''[[Acokanthera oppositifolia]]''||Common poison-bush||639
|-
|[[Boesmansrivierbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos trispinosus]]'' ||Bushman's River cycad ||14.18
|-
|[[Boesmanstee]]||''[[Catha edulis]]''||Bushman's tea||404
|-
|[[Bokbitterappel]] ||''[[Solanum aculeastrum]]''||Goat-apple||669.3
|-
|[[Bokkeveldpoppiesbos]] ||''[[Paranomus bracteolaris]]'' ||Smooth-leaved tree-sceptre ||72.3
|-
|[[Boomaalwyn]]||''[[Aloidendron barberae]]''||Tree aloe||28
|-
|[[Boomranknetel]] ||''[[Urera trinervis]]'' ||tree climbing-nettle ||70.1
|-
|[[Borselaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe rupestris]]'' ||Bottlebrush aloe ||30.3
|-
|[[Bosappelblaar]]||''[[Philenoptera sutherlandii]]''||Forest appleleaf||228
|-
|[[Bosbeesklou]]||''[[Bauhinia tomentosa]]''||Bush neat's foot||208.1
|-
|[[Bosblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya tiliacea]]'' ||Forest wildpear ||472
|-
|[[Bosboerboon]]||''[[Schotia latifolia]]''||Forest boerbean||204
|-
|[[Bosboomvaring]]||''[[Gymnosphaera capensis]]''||Forest tree fern||2
|-
|[[Bosbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta inandensis]]'' ||Forest bride’s bush ||718
|-
|[[Bosdoringklipels]]||''[[Canthium inerme]]''||Common turkey-berry||708
|-
|[[Bosgeelmelkhout]]||''[[Garcinia gerrardii]]''||Forest mangosteen||485
|-
|[[Boshardepeer]]||''[[Olinia radiata]]''||Forest hard-pear||515
|-
|[[Bosjakkalskoffie]]||''[[Tricalysia capensis]]''||Forest jackal-coffee||698
|-
|[[Bosjesmansbrood]] ||''[[Encephalartos afer]]'' ||Grahamstown cycad ||14.11
|-
|[[Boskamhout]]||''[[Baphia racemosa]]''||Natal camwood||224
|-
|[[Boskanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada procera]]'' ||Forest canaryberry ||339
|-
|[[Boskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora woodii]]''||Forest corkwood||291
|-
|[[Boskasieboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum padoides]]'' ||Thicket bushwillow ||534.1
|-
|[[Boskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia thunbergia]]''||Forest gardena<br />White gardenia||692
|-
|[[Boskiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia sphaerocephala]]''||Natal forest cabbage tree||564.2
|-
|[[Bosklouterboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum edwardsii]]'' ||Forest climbing bushwillow ||534.2
|-
|[[Boskokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus deflexa]]'' ||Forest kokotree ||402.9
|-
|[[Boskoorsbessie]]||''[[Croton sylvaticus]]''||Forest fever-berry||330
|-
|[[Boskoorsboom]]||''[[Anthocleista grandiflora]]''||Forest fever tree||632
|-
|[[Boskranses]]||''[[Atalaya natalensis]]''||Natal krantz ash||429
|-
|[[Boslaventelboom]]||''[[Heteropyxis canescens]]''||Forest lavender tree||454
|-
|[[Boslepelhout]]||''[[Cassine peragua]]''||Mountain saffron||414
|-
|[[Bosmelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara discolor]]''||Forest milkberry||588
|-
|[[Bosmelkhout]]||''[[Vitellariopsis marginata]]''||Natal bush milkwood||590
|-
|[[Bosmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia natalitia]]''||Common forest myrtle||553.2
|-
|[[Bosnanabessie]] ||''[[Searsia grandidens]]''||Sharp-toothed currant ||381.3
|-
|[[Bosolienhout]]||''[[Olea woodiana]]''||Forest olive||620
|-
|[[Bospaddaboom]]||''[[Tabernaemontana ventricosa]]''||Forest toad tree||645
|-
|[[Bospeper]] of [[Bospeper|wildepeper]] ||''[[Piper capense]]'' ||Wild pepper ||34.5
|-
|[[Bosperske]]||''[[Rawsonia lucida]]''||Forest peach||491
|-
|[[Bospoubessie]]||''[[Margaritaria discoidea var. fagifolia]]''||Forest peacockberry||310
|-
|[[Bosrooiessenhout]]||''[[Trichilia dregeana]]''||Forest mahogany||300
|-
|[[Bosrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna arborea var. oconnorii]]'' ||Forest plane ||482
|-
|[[Bosrooimelkhout]]||''[[Mimusops obovata]]''||Red milkwood||584
|-
|[[Bosrooivingers]] ||''[[Xylopia gracilipes]]'' ||Forest redfingers ||109
|-
|[[Bosrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia lasiocarpa]]''||Forest raisin||461
|-
|[[Bossaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron croceum]]''||Small-leaved saffron||415
|-
|[[Bosstamvrug]]||''[[Chrysophyllum viridifolium]]''||Fluted milkwood||580
|-
|[[Bostaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia chirindensis]]''||Red currant||380
|-
|[[Bosvaalbos]] ||[[Bosvaalbos|''Brachylaena discolor'' var. ''transvaalensis'']] ||Woodland silver oak||731
|-
|[[Bosvaderlandswilg]] ||''[[Combretum kraussii]]''||Forest bushwillow||540
|-
|[[Bosvalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha glabrata]]''||Forest mock nettle||335.1
|-
|[[Bosvalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia verrucosa]]'' ||False forest spikethorn ||403.2
|-
|[[Bosveldboekenhout]] ||''[[Faurea saligna]]''||Transvaal beech||75
|-
|[[Bosveldhalfmaanranker]] ||''[[Cocculus hirsutus]]'' || Python climber ||104.6
|-
|[[Bosveldharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa paniculosa]]''||Broad-leaved resin tree||375
|-
|[[Bosveldkandelaarnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia cooperi]]''||Bushveld candelabra tree||346
|-
|[[Bosveldkatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia volkensii]]''||Transvaal gardenia||691.1
|-
|[[Bosveldklipels]]||''[[Psydrax livida]]''||Green quar||713
|-
|[[Bosveldpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia mossambicensis]]'' ||Black forest spike-thorn ||399.10
|-
|[[Bosveldpoubessie]]||''[[Margaritaria discoidea var. nitida]]''||Bushveld peacockberry||310.1
|-
|[[Bosveldrooiklapperbos]] ||''[[Erythrophysa transvaalensis]]''||Transvaal red balloon||436.2
|-
|[[Bosveldsaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron transvaalense]]''||Condiment saffron||416
|-
|[[Bosveldvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia harveyi]]''||Common false-thorn||155
|-
|[[Bosveldwitklokke]]||''[[Rothmannia fischeri]]''||Cape gardenia||694
|-
|[[Bosveldwitysterhout]]||''[[Vepris reflexa]]''||Bushveld white ironwood||260
|-
|[[Bosverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera natalensis]]''||Forest Indigo||226.6
|-
|[[Bosvlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum paniculatum]]'' ||Forest flamecreeper ||545.3
|-
|[[Bosvlier]]||''[[Nuxia floribunda]]''||Forest elder||634
|-
|[[Bosvy]]||''[[Ficus craterostoma]]''||Forest fig||52
|-
|[[Boswaterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium gerrardii]]''||Forest waterwood||556
|-
|[[Boswitsuikerbos]] ||''[[Boswitsuikerbos|Protea mundii]]''|| Forest white sugarbush || 93
|-
|[[Bosysterpruim]]||''[[Drypetes gerrardii]]''||Forest ironplum||314
|-
|[[Botrivierheuningklokkies]] ||''[[Freylinia helmei]]'' ||Bot River honeybells ||670.6
|-
|[[Botriviersuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea compacta]]'' ||Bot River sugarbush || 87.1
|-
|[[Bottelboom]]||''[[Pachypodium lealii]]''||Bottle tree||648
|-
|[[Botterboom]]||''[[Tylecodon paniculatus]]''||Butter tree||137.1
|-
|[[Botterklapper]]||''[[Strychnos madagascariensis]]''||Black monkey orange||626
|-
|[[Braamtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia batophylla]]'' ||Bramble currant ||377.3
|-
|[[Brakdoring]] ||[[Vachellia robusta subsp. clavigera]] ||Narrow-pod robust thorn thorn ||183.1
|-
|[[Brandbergdoring]] ||[[Senegalia montis-usti]] ||Brandberg thorn ||177
|-
|[[Bredasdorpsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea obtusifolia]]'' ||Bredasdorp protea ||94
|-
|[[Breëblaarboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea rochetiana]]''||Broad-leaved beech||76
|-
|[[Breëblaarharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa obovata]]'' ||Broad-leaved resin tree ||374
|-
|[[Breëblaarkanferbos]] ||''[[Tarchonanthus trilobus var. galpinii]]'' ||Broad-leaved camphorbush ||734
|-
|[[Breëblaarklipels]] ||''[[Afrocanthium pseudorandii]]'' ||Mottled-bark rock-alder ||709.2
|-
|[[Breëblaarkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina latissima]]''||Broad-leaved coral tree||244
|-
|[[Breëblaarkweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya latifolia]]''||Broad-leaved quince||113
|-
|[[Breëblaarpluisbos]] ||''[[Lopholaena platyphylla]]'' || Broad-leaved fluff bush||738.1
|-
|[[Breëblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea eximia]]'' ||Broad-leaf sugarbush ||88.3
|-
|[[Breëblaarveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne ovalifolia]]''||Broad-leaved fibre-bush ||517.5
|-
|[[Breëblaarwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella pilulifera]]'' ||Broad-leaved waxberry ||37
|-
|[[Breëblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia mossambicensis]]'' ||Broad-leaved shepherd tree ||127
|-
|[[Breekhout]]||''[[Alberta magna]]''||Magnificent flame bush||701
|-
|[[Breëpeulvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia forbesii]]''||Broad-pod false-thorn<br />Broad-pod albizia||154
|-
|[[Breëriviergeelhout]]||''[[Podocarpus elongatus]]''||Breede River yellowwood||15
|-
|[[Brosblaar]]||''[[Galpinia transvaalica]]''||Transvaal privet||523
|-
|[[Brosdoring]] ||''[[Phaeoptilum spinosum]]'' ||Brittle thorn ||103.7
|-
|[[Bruinaalwyn]] of [[Bruinaalwyn|wolkbergaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe dolomitica]]'' of ook soms ''[[Aloe vryheidensis]]'' ||Brown aloe<br />Wolkberg aloe ||29.1
|-
|[[Bruinivoor]]||''[[Berchemia discolor]]''||Brown ivory||449
|-
|[[Bruinstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora giessii]]'' ||Brown-stemmed corkwood || 275.5
|-
|[[Bruinysterhout]] ||''[[Homalium dentatum]]''||Brown ironwood||501
|-
|[[Bubuvy]] ||''[[Ficus bubu]]'' ||Bubu fig ||56
|-
|[[Buig-my-nie]]||''[[Buxus macowanii]]''||Cape box||358
|-
|[[Bukshardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica buxifolia]]'' ||Box hard-leaf ||453.1
|-
|[[Clanwilliamaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe comosa]]'' ||Clanwilliam aloe ||28.7
|-
|[[Clanwilliamseder]]||''[[Widdringtonia cedarbergensis]]''||Clanwilliam cedar||19
|-
|[[Damarakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora crenato-serrata]]'' ||Damara corkwood ||274
|-
|[[Delagoadoring]]||''[[Senegalia welwitschii]]''||Delagoa thorn<br />Hairy umbrella thorn||163
|-
|[[Deurmekaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia rigida]]''||Puzzle bush||657
|-
|[[Dikbas]]||''[[Lannea discolor]]''||Live-long||362
|-
|[[Dikblaarbosmirt]] ||''[[Eugenia umtamvunensis]]'' ||Thick-leaved myrtleberry ||553.6
|-
|[[Dikblaargroenappel]] ||''[[Monodora junodii|Monodora junodii var. macrantha]]'' ||Thick-leave green-apple ||107.2
|-
|[[Disseldoring]] ||''[[Berkheya chamaepeuce]]'' ||Tree thistle thorn ||742
|-
|[[Donkievy]] ||''[[Mestoklema arboriforme]]'' ||Donkey mesemb ||103.6
|-
|[[Donsiebos]] ||''[[Senecio barbertonicus]]'' || Barberton groundsel ||738.5
|-
|[[Dopperkiaat]]||''[[Pterocarpus rotundifolius]]''||Round-leaved teak||237
|-
|[[Doppruim]]||''[[Pappea capensis]]''||Jacket-plum||433
|-
|[[Doringbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos horridus]]'' ||Eastern Cape blue cycad ||14.15
|-
|[[Doringkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora glandulosa]]''||Tall common corkwood||285.1
|-
|[[Doringkatjiepiering]]||''[[Hyperacanthus amoenus]]''||Thorny gardenia||690
|-
|[[Doringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium spinosum]]'' ||Thorny turkeyberry ||707
|-
|[[Doringolm]]||''[[Chaetacme aristata]]''||Thorny elm||43
|-
|[[Doringpeer]]||''[[Scolopia zeyheri]]''||Thorn pear||498
|-
|[[Doringrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca berberidea]]''||Prickly redberry||332.1
|-
|[[Doringtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia longispina]]'' ||Spiny currant ||388
|-
|[[Doringvalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha sonderiana]]'' ||Thorny false nettle ||335.2
|-
|[[Dorinkiedoring]] ||''[[Senegalia brevispica subsp. dregeana]]'' ||Prickly thorn ||160.2
|-
|[[Dorre haakdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia hereroensis]]'' ||Arid hook thorn ||171
|-
|[[Drakensbergboomheide]] ||''[[Erica dracomontana]]'' || Dragon heath ||574.2
|-
|[[Drakensbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ghellinckii]]''||Drakensberg cycad ||5
|-
|[[Drakensbergkaree]] ||''[[Searsia montana]]'' ||Drakensberg karee ||384.1
|-
|[[Drakensbergpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia devenishii]]'' ||Drakensberg spike-thorn ||399.5
|-
|[[Drakensbergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia repens]]'' ||Drakensberg ricebush ||145.15
|-
|[[Driedoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum trichotomum]]'' ||Three-thorn rhigozum ||676.1
|-
|[[Driehaakdoring]]||''[[Senegalia senegal var. rostrata]]''||Bushy three-hooked thorn||185.1
|-
|[[Drietandkanferbos]]||''[[Tarchonanthus trilobus]]''||Trident camphortree||735
|-
|[[Dubbelkroonboom]]||''[[Julbernardia globiflora]]''||African munondo||207.1
|-
|[[Duikerbessie]] ||''[[Sclerocroton integerrimus]]'' ||Duiker-berry tallow-tree||343
|-
|[[Duinbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos arenarius]]'' ||Alexandria cycad ||3.2
|-
|[[Duinebessie]] ||''[[Muraltia scoparia]]'' ||Duneberry ||303.3
|-
|[[Duinebruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta revoluta]]''||Dune bride's bush||720
|-
|[[Duineganna]] ||''[[Duineganna|Salsola nollothensis]]'' ||Dune ganna ||103.9
|-
|[[Duinegeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron coniferum]]'' ||Dune conebush ||82
|-
|[[Duineghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea racemosa]]''||Dune guarri<br />Sea guarri||599.3
|-
|[[Duinegifboom]] ||''[[Acokanthera oblongifolia]]'' ||Dune poison-bush||638
|-
|[[Duinekokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus procumbens]]'' ||Dune koko tree ||401.1
|-
|[[Duinekraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia crenata]]'' ||Dune crowberry ||380.1
|-
|[[Duinekriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium ferocissimum]]'' ||Dune honeythorn ||669.11
|-
|[[Duinemirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia capensis]]''||Dune myrtle||553.1
|-
|[[Duine-olienhout]] ||''[[Olea exasperata]]'' ||Dune olive ||619
|-
|[[Duinependoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia arenicola]]'' ||Dune spike-thorn ||399.4
|-
|[[Duineseepbessie]]||''[[Deinbollia oblongifolia]]''||Dune soap-berry||430
|-
|[[Duinesoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia kosiensis]]'' ||Dune sweet thorn ||172.2
|-
|[[Duinesterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros rotundifolia]]'' ||Dune star-apple ||608
|-
|[[Duinesuurbessie]] ||''[[Dovyalis rotundifolia]]'' ||Dune sourberry ||510
|-
|[[Duinesybas]]||''[[Robsonodendron maritimum]]'' ||Dune mock silky-bark ||413.1
|-
|[[Duinetaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia laevigata]]'' ||Dune currant ||385.2
|-
|[[Duinevalstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus natalensis]]''||Dune false currant||426
|-
|[[Duinewasbessie]] ||''[[Morella cordifolia]]'' ||Dune waxberry ||37.1
|-
|[[Dunblaarfonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea glabra]]'' || Narrow-leaf fountain-bush ||226.9
|-
|[[Dwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis afra]]'' ||Dwababerry ||107.1
|-
|[[Dwergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos humilis]]'' ||Dwarf cycad ||14.16
|-
|[[Dwergpruimbas]] ||''[[Osyris speciosa]]'' ||Cape sumach ||100.1
|-
|[[Dwergvy]] ||''[[Ficus pygmaea]]'' || Dwarf fig ||50.2
|-
|[[Dwergwolftoon]] ||''[[Dwergwolftoon|Portulacaria fruticulosa]]'' ||Dwarf porkbush ||104.2
|-
|[[Ebbehoutghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea pseudebenus]]''||Ebony tree<br />Black ebony||598
|-
|[[Ebutsinidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia ebutsiniorum]]'' ||Ebutsini thorn ||163.5
|-
|[[Eikeblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora wildii]]'' ||Oak-leaved corkwoord ||290.1
|-
|[[Enkelblaarkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia natalensis]]''||Rock cabbage tree||562
|-
|[[Enkeldoring]]||''[[Vachellia robusta]] subps. robusta''||Ankle thorn<br />Splendid thorn<br />Brack thorn<br />Broad-pod robust thorn||183
|-
|[[Enkeldoringnoemnoem]]||''[[Carissa spinarum]]''||Simple-spine carissa<br />Conkerberry<br />Arabian num-num||640.4
|-
|[[Enkelgroendoring]]||''[[Balanites aegyptiaca]]''||Desert date<br />Egyptian balsam||251.1
|-
|[[Ertjiehout]] ||''[[Craibia zimmermannii]]'' ||Peawood ||229
|-
|[[Essenhout]]||''[[Ekebergia capensis]]''||Cape ash||298
|-
|[[Fluweelboswilg]]||''[[Combretum molle]]''||Velvet bushwillow||537
|-
|[[Fluweelkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora mollis]]''||Velvet corkwood||280
|-
|[[Fluweelkaree]] ||''[[Searsia engleri]]'' ||Velvet karee ||382
|-
|[[Fluweelklipels]]||''[[Afrocanthium gilfillanii]]''||Velvet rockalder||706
|-
|[[Fluweelrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca menyharthii]]''||Velvet redberry||332.3
|-
|[[Fluweelsoetbessie]]||''[[Bridelia mollis]]''||Velvet sweetberry||325
|-
|[[Fluweelvrughardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica purpurea]]'' ||Velvet-fruited/hardleaf ||453.5
|-
|[[Fluweelvrugzanha]]||''[[Zanha africana]]''||Velvet-fruit zanha||438.5
|-
|[[Fonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea aphylla]]'' || Leafless fountain-bush ||226.8
|-
|[[Fransaalwyn]]||''[[Aloe pluridens]]''||French aloe||30.1
|-
|[[Fynbauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia natalensis]]''||Dainty bauhinia||208.5
|-
|[[Fynbitterblaar]]||''[[Brachylaena ilicifolia]]''||Small bitter-leaf||728
|-
|[[Fynblaarboerboon]] ||''[[Schotia afra var. angustifolia]]'' ||Small-leaved boerbean||201.1
|-
|[[Fynblaarbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta zeyheri]]'' ||Small-leaved bride’s bush ||722
|-
|[[Fynblaarbruinysterhout]] ||''[[Homalium rufescens]]'' ||Small-leaved brown-ironwood||502
|-
|[[Fynblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kraeuseliana]]'' ||Feather-leaved corkwoord ||277.5
|-
|[[Fynblaarrooihout]]||''[[Ochna serrulata]]''||Small-leaved plane||479.1
|-
|[[Fynblaarwildemoerbei]]||''[[Trimeria trinervis]] ||Small-leaved wild mulberry||504
|-
|[[Fynbossterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros glabra]]'' ||Blueberry bush ||603.1
|-
|[[Fyndoring]] ||''[[Vachellia tenuispina]]'' ||Turf thorn ||187.3
|-
|[[Gamtooskiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia gamtoosensis]]'' ||Gamtoos cabbage tree||565.2
|-
|[[Gannabos]] of [[Gannabos|seepganna]] ||''[[Salsola aphylla]]'' ||Lye ganna ||103.3
|-
|[[Gariepbauhinia]]||''[[Adenolobus garipensis]]''||Blue neat's foot||208
|-
|[[Gariepharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa namaquensis]]''||Gariep resin tree ||373.2
|-
|[[Gariepkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora gariepensis]]'' ||Gariep corkwoord ||275.3
|-
|[[Gariepkaree]] ||''[[Searsia populifolia]]'' ||Gariep karee ||391.1
|-
|[[Garieppendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia gariepensis]]'' ||Gariep spike-thorn ||401.5
|-
|[[Garieppronkstert]] ||''[[Gelrebia bracteata]]'' ||Gariep plumeflower ||214.1
|-
|[[Gariepsmalblaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia linearis subsp. lanceolata]]'' ||Gariep narrow-leaved spike-thorn ||401.10
|-
|[[Geelbauhinia]] ||''[[Bauhinia tomentosa]]'' ||Yellow bauhinia ||208.1
|-
|[[Geelbitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos mitis]]'' ||Yellow bitterberry ||627
|-
|[[Geelblomvoëlbessie]]||''[[Psychotria capensis]]''||Bird-berry||723
|-
|[[Geeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum obovatum]]'' ||Yellow pomegranate ||675
|-
|[[Geelhout]]||''[[Podocarpus latifolius]]''||Real yellowwood||18
|-
|[[Geelkeurboom]]||''[[Calpurnia aurea]]''||Natal laburnum||219
|-
|[[Geelpapierkelk]]||''[[Monotes glaber]]''||Palefruit monotes||486.5
|-
|[[Geelpistoolbos]] ||''[[Justicia aconitiflora]]'' ||Lemon pistol-bush ||681.2
|-
|[[Geelskulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria citrina]]'' ||Yellow shell-flower bush ||672.1
|-
|[[Geelsuikerbos]] of [[Geelsuikerbos|geelsuikerkan]] ||[[Geelsuikerbos|''Protea aurea'' subsp. ''aurea'']] ||Common shuttlecock sugarbush ||90.3
|-
|[[Geelwortelboom]]||''[[Steganotaenia araliacea]]''||Carrot tree||569
|-
|[[Geneesblaarboom]] ||''[[Solanum giganteum]]''||Healing-leaf tree||669.4
|-
|[[Gewone bruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta gardeniifolia var. gardeniifolia]]'' ||Common bride’s bush ||716
|-
|[[Gewone drolpeer]] ||''[[Dombeya rotundifolia]]''||Common wild pear||471
|-
|[[Gewone ghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea undulata]]''||Common guarri||601
|-
|[[Gewone haakdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia afra]]''||Common hook-thorn||162
|-
|[[Gewone hardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica paniculata]]''||Common hard-leaf||453.2
|-
|[[Gewone kanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada africana]]'' ||Common canaryberry ||338
|-
|[[Gewone kanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora pyracanthoides]]'' ||Firethorn corkwood ||285
|-
|[[Gewone kraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia pentheri]]''||Common crow-berry||391
|-
|[[Gewone luisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum cuneiforme]]'' ||Wart-stemmed pincushion ||84.2
|-
|[[Gewone protea]] of [[Gewone protea|gewone suikerbos]] ||[[Gewone protea|''Protea afra'' subsp. ''afra'']]||Common sugarbush||87
|-
|[[Gewone taaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides]]''||Common wildcurrant<br />||392
|-
|[[Gewone wildekweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya transvaalensis]]'' ||Mountain wild-quince ||114
|-
|[[Gewone wildepietersieliebos]]||''[[Heteromorpha arborescens]]''||Parsley-tree<br />Parsnip-tree||568
|-
|[[Gewone wildevy]]||''[[Ficus burkei]]''||Common wild fig||48
|-
|[[Gifbergboomvygie]] ||''[[Stoeberia giftbergensis]]'' ||Gifberg tree-vygie ||756
|-
|[[Gifbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta schumanniana]]'' ||Poison bride’s bush ||721
|-
|[[Gifolyf]]||''[[Peddiea africana]]''||Poison-olive||517
|-
|[[Gifsterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros dichrophylla]] ''||Poison star-apple ||603
|-
|[[Gladblaarbaakhout]]||''[[Greyia sutherlandii]]''||Natal bottlebrush||446
|-
|[[Gladdeblaarwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria madagascariensis]]'' ||Smooth-leaved wild-medlar ||702.1
|-
|[[Gladdeblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya cymosa]]''||Natal wild pear||469
|-
|[[Gladdekola]]||''[[Cola natalensis]]''||Coshwood||478
|-
|[[Gladderankwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua juncea supsp. juncea]]'' ||Smooth climbing spiderbush ||133.6
|-
|[[Gladdeslapmispel]]||''[[Vangueria lasiantha]]''||Natal medlar||705
|-
|[[Gladdesuurpruim]] ||''[[Ximenia afra var natalensis]]'' ||Smooth-twigged sourplum ||103.1
|-
|[[Gladdeveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne subcordata]]''||Smooth fibre-bush||519
|-
|[[Glansrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia vernicosa]]''||Glossy raisinbush||463.11
|-
|[[Gordoniavalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia saxatilis]]'' ||Gordonia false spikethorn ||403.4
|-
|[[Goueklokkiesboontjieboom]] ||''[[Markhamia obtusifolia]]'' ||Golden bell-bean ||677.1
|-
|[[Gouetee]]||''[[Aspalathus pendula]]'' || Golden tea ||225.11
|-
|[[Gouevingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex patula]]'' ||Gold fingerleaf ||662
|-
|[[Granietvy]] ||[[Granietvy|''Ficus natalensis'' subsp. ''granitticola'']] ||Granite fig ||56.5
|-
|[[Graskopaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe alooides]]'' ||Graskop aloe ||28.3
|-
|[[Grasveldboomvaring]] ||''[[Cyathea dregei]]'' ||Common tree fern ||1
|-
|[[Grasveldrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna confusa]]'' ||Grassland plane ||479.4
|-
|[[Griekwakokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus ilicina]]'' ||Griqua kokotree ||398.5
|-
|[[Griekwasuurkaree]] ||''[[Searsia tridactyla]]'' ||Griqua sour karee ||394.2
|-
|[[Groefbasboomheide]] ||''[[Erica canaliculata]]'' ||Grooved-bark tree erica ||573.1
|-
|[[Groefstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora karibensis]] ''||Angular-stemmed corkwoord ||277.2
|-
|[[Groenappel]] ||''[[Monodora junodii var. junodii]]'' ||Green apple ||107
|-
|[[Groenblaarwurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba natalensis]]'' ||Green-leaved worm bush ||129.1
|-
|[[Groenblomtolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron loranthifolium]]'' ||Green-flower conebush ||81.5
|-
|[[Groendoring]]||''[[Balanites maughamii]]''||Green thorn||251
|-
|[[Groenharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa concolor]]'' ||Green resin tree ||369.1
|-
|[[Groenhofiesuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea coronata]]'' ||Green sugarbush ||91.1
|-
|[[Groenklapper]] ||''[[Strychnos spinosa]]''||Green monkey orange||629
|-
|[[Groenkreupelhout]] ||[[Groenkreupelhout|''Leucospermum conocarpodendron'' subsp. ''viridum'']] ||Green pincushion ||84.1
|-
|[[Groenstamkanniedood]]|| ''[[Commiphora neglecta]]''||Green-stem corkwood||283
|-
|[[Grootblaardrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena aletriformis]]''||Large-leaved dragon tree||30.9
|-
|[[Grootblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora anacardiifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved corkwood ||271
|-
|[[Grootblaarlaventelboom]] ||''[[Heteropyxis dehniae]]''||Large-leaved lavender tree||455.1
|-
|[[Grootblaarmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia erythrophylla]]''||Large-leaved myrtle||553.3
|-
|[[Grootblaarpieringbessie]] ||''[[Cordia africana]]''||Large-leaved saucer-berry||651
|-
|[[Grootblaarrotsvy]] ||''[[Ficus abutilifolia]]''||Large-leaved rock fig||63
|-
|[[Grootblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia grandifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved ricebush ||145.4
|-
|[[Grootblaarsekelbos]] ||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. nyassana]]''||Large-leaved sicklebush<br />African sicklebush||190.1
|-
|[[Grootblaarsterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia quinqueloba]]''||Large-leaved-chestnut||476
|-
|[[Grootblaaruiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea gummiflua]]''||Large-leaved onionwood||530
|-
|[[Grootblaarvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia versicolor]]''||Large-leaved false-thorn||158
|-
|[[Grootblomkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium amoenum]]'' ||Large-flower honeythorn ||669.6
|-
|[[Grootblompendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia putterlickioides]]'' ||Large-flowered spike-thorn ||402.1
|-
|[[Grootgeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron eucalyptifolium]]'' ||Gum-leaved conebush ||81
|-
|[[Groothaakbessie]] || ''[[Artabotrys brachypetalus]]'' ||Large hook-berry ||105.1
|-
|[[Grootmirting]] ||''[[Myrsine pillansii]]'' ||Large cape myrtle ||577.2
|-
|[[Grootnoemnoem]]||''[[Carissa macrocarpa]]''||Big num-num||640.3
|-
|[[Grootsuikerbos]] of [[Grootsuikerbos|witsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea gaguedi]]'' ||African sugarbush ||89
|-
|[[Grootvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena uniflora]]'' ||Tall silver-oak ||732
|-
|[[Grootvalsmopanie]] ||''[[Guibourtia coleosperma]]'' ||Large copalwood ||199
|-
|[[Grootvrugbospendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia grandifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved forest spike-thorn ||399.7
|-
|[[Grootvrugpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia oxycarpa]]'' ||Large-fruited spike-thorn ||401.9
|-
|[[Grootvrugtrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria lucida]]'' ||Large-fruited clusterpear ||108.2
|-
|[[Grootvrugtrosvy]] ||[[Grootvrugtrosvy|''Ficus sycomorus'' subsp. ''gnaphalocarpa'']] ||Large-fruited sycamore fig ||66.1
|-
|[[Growweblaarkatsnorbosse]] ||''[[Rotheca myricoides]]''||Blueflower tinderwood||667.1
|-
|[[Growweblaarpieringbessie]] ||''[[Cordia ovalis]]''||Satinbark saucerbush<br />Snot berry||654
|-
|[[Growweblaarstinkhout]] ||''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' ||False white stinkwood ||40
|-
|[[Growweblaartaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia refracta]]'' ||Thorny crow-berry ||389.1
|-
|[[Growwelaventelkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton menyharthii]]'' ||Rough-leaved croton ||329.2
|-
|[[Growwerankwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua juncea supsp. crustata]]'' ||Crusty climbing spiderbush ||133.5
|-
|[[Grysappel]] ||''[[Parinari curatellifolia]]'' ||Mobola plum ||146
|-
|[[Gryskokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus albata]]'' ||Grey kokotree ||401.3
|-
|[[Haak-en-steek]]||''[[Vachellia tortilis subsp. heteracantha]]''||Umbrella thorn||188
|-
|[[Halfmens]]||''[[Pachypodium namaquanum]]''||Elephant's trunk||649
|-
|[[Hangvrugkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora zanzibarica]]'' ||Pendant-fruit corkwood ||291.1
|-
|[[Hardekool]]||''[[Combretum imberbe]]''||Leadwood||539
|-
|[[Hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia ventosa]]''||Hardpear||513
|-
|[[Harige doringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium ciliatum]]'' ||Hairy turkeyberry ||709
|-
|[[Harige ghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea natalensis]]''||Natal guarri<br />Natal ebony|| 597
|-
|[[Harige haak-en-steek]]||''[[Vachellia tortilis subsp. spirocarpa]]''||Hairy umbrella thorn||188.1
|-
|[[Harige kanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora africana]]''||Hairy corkwood||270
|-
|[[Harige kusbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta bowkeri]]'' ||Hairy coastal bride’s bush ||719.1
|-
|[[Harige mirtebessie]] ||''[[Eugenia woodii]]''||Mountain myrtle||553.4
|-
|[[Harige pendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia pubescens]]'' ||Hairy spike-thorn ||402.4
|-
|[[Harige perdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum humile]]'' ||Hairy knobwood||255
|-
|[[Harige rotsvy]]||''[[Ficus glumosa]]''||Mountain fig||64
|-
|[[Harige Sekhukhunedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia robbertsei]]'' ||Hairy Sekhukhune thorn ||172.4
|-
|[[Harige septerboom]] ||''[[Paranomus tomentosus]]'' ||Hairy-leaved tree sceptre ||72.5
|-
|[[Harige witgat]] ||''[[Boscia tomentosa]]'' || Hairy shepherd's tree ||127.1
|-
|[[Harpuiskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia resiniflua]]''||Resin gardenia||690.2
|-
|[[Hartblaarvy]] ||[[Hartblaarvy|''Ficus polita'' subsp. ''polita'']] ||Heart-leaved fig ||59
|-
|[[Heideblaargeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron ericifolium]]'' ||Erica-leaved conebush || 80
|-
|[[Heilige Venda-bamboes]] ||''[[Oxytenanthera abyssinica]]'' ||Holy Venda bamboo ||21.6
|-
|[[Helikopterboom]]||''[[Gyrocarpus americanus]]''||Propeller tree||120
|-
|[[Hemelbesemdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia robynsiana]]'' ||Whipstick thorn ||184
|-
|[[Henkel-se-geelhout]] ||''[[Podocarpus henkelii]]''||Henkel's yellowwood||17
|-
|[[Hereroharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa hereroensis]]'' ||Herero resin tree ||371.3
|-
|[[Hererosesambos]]||''[[Sesamothamnus guerichii]]'' ||Herero sesame-bush||679
|-
|[[Heuningboomheide]] ||''[[Erica caterviflora]]'' ||Tree heath ||574
|-
|[[Heuningklokkiesbos]] ||''[[Freylinia lanceolata]]'' ||Honey bells ||670.1
|-
|[[Heuningnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia tetragona]]''||Honey euphorbia||354
|-
|[[Hikklimop]] ||''[[Combretum bracteosum]]'' ||Hiccupnut ||532.2
|-
|[[Hoedespeldlukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus pyriformis]]''||Natal wildloquat||696.2
|-
|[[Hoëveldkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia paniculata]]''||Small mountain cabbage||563.1
|-
|[[Hophout]]||''[[Trema orientalis]]''||Pigeonwood||42
|-
|[[Horingdoring]]||''[[Vachellia grandicornuta]]''||Horned thorn||168.1
|-
|[[Horingpeultjieboom]]||''[[Diplorhynchus condylocarpon]]''||Horn-pod tree||643
|-
|[[Huilboerboon]]||''[[Schotia brachypetala]]''||Weeping boerbean||202
|-
|[[Huilboom]]||''[[Peltophorum africanum]]''||Weeping wattle<br />Black wattle<br />African-wattle||215
|-
|[[Impalalelie]]||''[[Adenium multiflorum]]''||Impala lily||647.3
|-
|[[Indiese wortelboom]] ||''[[Ceriops tagal]]'' ||Indian mangrove ||525
|-
|[[iSimangaliso-wildeappelkoos]] ||''[[Dovyalis revoluta]]'' ||iSimangaliso wild apricot ||760
|-
|[[Jakkalsbessie]]||''[[Diospyros mespiliformis]]''||Jackalberry||606
|-
|[[Jankoensedoring]] ||''[[Cliffortia ilicifolia]]'' ||Holly-leaved ricebush ||145.10
|-
|[[Jasmynkatjiepiering]] ||''[[Heinsia crinita subsp. parviflora]]'' ||Jasmine-gardenia ||700.2
|-
|[[Jeukpeul]] ||''[[Cnestis polyphylla]]'' ||Itchpod ||147.1
|-
|[[Jozinibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos senticosus]]'' || Jozini cycad ||8
|-
|[[Kaapboekenhout]]||''[[Rapanea melanophloeos]]''||Cape beech||578
|-
|[[Kaapse boomheide]]||''[[Erica tristis]]''||False Cape tree heath||575.1
|-
|[[Kaapse fonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea axillaris]]'' ||Cape fountainbush||226.16
|-
|[[Kaapse hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia capensis]]''||Hard pear||513.1
|-
|[[Kaapse kanferfoelie]]||''[[Tecoma capensis]]''||Cape honeysuckle||673.1
|-
|[[Kaapse kiaat]]||''[[Strychnos decussata]]''||Cape teak||624
|-
|[[Kaapse kokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus lucida]]'' ||Cape kokotree ||401.2
|-
|[[Kaapse kranses]]||''[[Atalaya capensis]]''||Cape krantz ash||428
|-
|[[Kaapse kuskiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia thyrsiflora]]''||Cape coast cabbage tree||565
|-
|[[Kaapse kwar]] ||''[[Psydrax capensis]]'' ||Cape quar ||747
|-
|[[Kaapse kweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya woodii]]''||Cape quince||116
|-
|[[Kaapse sterkastaiing]] ||''[[Sterculia alexandri]]'' || Cape star-chestnut ||473
|-
|[[Kaapse stokroos]]||''[[Sparrmannia africana]]''||Cape Hollyhock||457
|-
|[[Kaapse swarthout]] ||''[[Maytenus peduncularis]]'' ||Cape blackwood ||401
|-
|[[Kaapse uiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea flanaganii]]'' || Cape onionwood ||528
|-
|[[Kaapse vaderlandsboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum afrum]]'' ||Cape bushwillow ||533
|-
|[[Kaapse wildepiesang]]||''[[Strelitzia alba]]''||Cape wild banana||32
|-
|[[Kaapse witpeer]] ||''[[Apodytes geldenhuysii]]'' ||Cape White Pear ||422.2
|-
|[[Kaiingsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea glabra]]'' ||Clanwilliam sugarbush ||89.1
|-
|[[Kaapsehoopbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos laevifolius]]'' ||Kaapsehoop cycad ||6
|-
|[[Kalahari-appelblaar]] ||''[[Philenoptera nelsii]]'' ||Kalahari appleleaf||239
|-
|[[Kalaharibauhinia]] ||''[[Bauhinia macrantha]]'' ||Kalahari bauhinia||208.3
|-
|[[Kalaharidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia luederitzii var. luederitzii]]'' ||Kalahari thorn ||174
|-
|[[Kalaharigeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum brevispinosum]]'' ||Kalahari yellowthorn ||674
|-
|[[Kalahariharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa schinzii]]'' || Kalahari resin tree ||376.5
|-
|[[Kalaharikoedoebessie]] ||''[[Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia var. dekindtii]] ||Kalahari kuduberry ||308.1
|-
|[[Kalaharipeulbessie]] ||''[[Dialium englerianum]]'' ||Kalahari podberry ||210
|-
|[[Kalaharirooivingers]] ||''[[Xylopia odoratissima]]'' ||Kalahari redfingers ||110
|-
|[[Kalaharitaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia tenuinervis]]'' ||Rolled-leaf currant ||393.2
|-
|[[Kalahariwildemispel]]||''[[Vangueria cyanescens]]''||Kalahari wild-medlar||702.3
|-
|[[Kamassie]]||''[[Gonioma kamassi]]''||Kamassi||641
|-
|[[Kamdebooboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea recondita]]''||Kamdeboo beechwood||745
|-
|[[Kameeldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia erioloba]]''||Camel thorn||168
|-
|[[Kameelspoor]] ||''[[Piliostigma thonningii]]''||Camel's foot||209
|-
|[[Kamiesbergaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe khamiesensis]]'' ||Khamiesberg aloe ||29.3
|-
|[[Kandelaaraalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe candelabrum]]'' ||Candelabrum aloe ||28.5
|-
|[[Kanferbos]]||''[[Tarchonanthus camphoratus]]''||Wild camphor bush||733
|-
|[[Kanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea floribunda]]'' ||Honeysuckle tree ||296
|-
|[[Kaokorooibessie]] ||[[Erythrococca kaokoensis]] ||Kaoko redberry ||759
|-
|[[Kaokoboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum wattii]]'' ||Kaoko bushwillow ||544
|-
|[[Kaokobrandbos]] ||''[[Hymenodictyon kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko firebush ||765
|-
|[[Kaokogeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum virgatum]]'' ||Kaoko yellowthorn ||676.2
|-
|[[Kaokogroendoring]]||''[[Balanites angolensis]]''||Angolan torchwood<br />Simple-thorned torchwood||252.1
|-
|[[Kaokokanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko corkwoord ||277.1
|-
|[[Kaokosesambos]] ||''[[Sesamothamnus benguellensis]]'' ||Kaoko sesame-bush ||679.1
|-
|[[Kaokoswarthaak]] ||''[[Senegalia mellifera subsp. mellifera]]'' ||Kaoko black thorn ||176.1
|-
|[[Kaokovlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum oxystachyum]]'' ||Kaoko flamecreeper ||540.4
|-
|[[Kaokowitgat]] ||''[[Boscia microphylla]]'' ||Kaoko shepherd's tree ||126
|-
|[[Kaokowolftoon]] ||''[[Portulacaria kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko porkbush ||104.3
|-
|[[Kaokowurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba schroeppelii]]'' ||Kaoko wormbush ||129.2
|-
|[[Karee]] ||''[[Searsia lancea]]'' ||Karree ||386
|-
|[[Kareekanniedood]] || ''[[Commiphora gracilifrondosa]]'' ||Karee-leaved commiphora ||284
|-
|[[Karooboerboon]] ||''[[Schotia afra]]'' ||Karoo boerbean ||201
|-
|[[Karoobroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos lehmannii]]'' ||Karoo cycad ||8.1
|-
|[[Karooheuningklokkiesbos]] ||''[[Freylinia vlokii]]'' ||Karoo honeybells ||670.7
|-
|[[Karookoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia burchellii]]'' ||Karoo kunibush ||379
|-
|[[Karookruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia robusta]]''||Karoo cross-berry||463.6
|-
|[[Karoonoemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa haematocarpa]]'' ||Karoo numnum ||640.2
|-
|[[Karoopendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia karooica]]'' ||Karoo spike-thorn ||401.7
|-
|[[Karooplakkiebos]] ||''[[Crassula arborescens]]'' ||Karoo tree crassula ||137.2
|-
|[[Karoosalie]] ||''[[Buddleja glomerata]]''||Karoo Sagewood ||636.1
|-
|[[Karoowitgat]] ||''[[Boscia oleoides]]'' ||Karoo shepherd tree ||128
|-
|[[Kartelplakkiesbos]] ||''[[Crassula arboresscens subsp. undulatifolia]]'' ||Wavy tree crassula ||137.4
|-
|[[Kasuur]]||''[[Pittosporum viridiflorum]]''||Cheesewood||139
|-
|[[Katstertaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe castanea]]'' ||Cat's-tail aloe ||28.6
|-
|[[Kei-appel]]||''[[Dovyalis afra]]''||Kei apple||507
|-
|[[Keibaakhout]]||''[[Greyia flanaganii]]''||Kei bottlebrush||444
|-
|[[Keibauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia bowkeri]]''||Kei bauhinia||208.4
|-
|[[Keibroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos princeps]]''||Kei cycad||12
|-
|[[Keiharpuisbos]] ||''[[Ozoroa mucronata]]'' ||Kei resin tree ||373
|-
|[[Keirooipeer]] ||''[[Scolopia flanaganii]]'' ||Kei redpear ||495
|-
|[[Keivingerblaar]]||''[[Vitex obovata]]''||Kei fingerleaf||661
|-
|[[Kerkeibos]]||''[[Crassula ovata]]''||Kerky-bush<br />Jade plant||137.3
|-
|[[Kerriebos]]||''[[Hypericum revolutum]]''||Curry bush<br />St. John's wort||484
|-
|[[Kershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus]]''||Candlewood||409
|-
|[[Keurboom]]||''[[Virgilia oroboides]]''||Cape blossom tree<br />Pink blossom tree||221
|-
|[[Kiaat]]||''[[Pterocarpus angolensis]]''||Wild teak||236
|-
|[[Kiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia spicata]]''||Common cabbage tree||564
|-
|[[Kierieklapper]]||''[[Combretum hereroense]]''||Russet bushwillow||538
|-
|[[Kinaboom]]||''[[Rauvolfia afra]]''||Quinine tree||647
|-
|[[Kinderbessie]] ||''[[Halleria elliptica]]'' ||Rock tree-fuschia ||670.2
|-
|[[Klapperbos]]||''[[Nymania capensis]]''||Chinese lantern||295
|-
|[[Kleefdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia borleae]]'' ||Sticky thorn ||160.1
|-
|[[Kleefpeul]]||''[[Senna singueana]]''||Stickypod||213.1
|-
|[[Kleinappelblaar]] ||''[[Philenoptera bussei]]'' ||Small apple-leaf ||238.1
|-
|[[Kleinblousuurpruim]] ||[[Kleinblousuurpruim|''Ximenia americana'' var. ''microphylla'']] ||Small blue sourplum || 102
|-
|[[Kleinblaardrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena mannii]]'' ||Small-leaved dragon tree ||30.8
|-
|[[Kleinblaarkiaat]] ||''[[Pterocarpus lucens subsp. antunesii]]'' ||Small-leaved bloodwood ||236.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium cinereum]]'' ||Small-leaved honeythorn ||669.9
|-
|[[Kleinblaarmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia verdoorniae]]''||Small-leaved myrtle||554.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarperspeuldoring]] ||''[[Senegalia goetzi subsp. microphylla]]'' ||Small-leaved purple-pod thorn ||167.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarpluisbossie]] ||''[[Lopholaena coriifolia]]'' || Small-leaved fluff bush||738
|-
|[[Kleinblaarrotsvy]]||''[[Ficus tettensis]]''||Small-leaved rock fig||62
|-
|[[Kleinblaarsaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron zeyheri]]''||Zeyher's saffronwood||412
|-
|[[Kleinblaarsekelbos]]||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. africana ]]''||Small-leaved sicklebush||190
|-
|[[Kleinblaartrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria gracilipes]]'' ||Small-leaved clusterpear ||108.3
|-
|[[Kleinblaarvy]] ||[[Ficus lingua'' subsp. ''depauperata'']] ||Small-leaved fig ||55.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarwilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''mucronata'']] ||Small-leaved willow ||35
|-
|[[Kleinblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua parvifolia]]'' ||Small-leaved spiderbush ||135.1
|-
|[[Kleinboerboon]]||''[[Schotia capitata]]''||Dwarf boerbean||203
|-
|[[Kleinbosrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna gamostigmata]]'' ||Small forest plane ||479.5
|-
|[[Kleingroendoring]]||''[[Balanites pedicellaris]]''||Lesser torchwood||252
|-
|[[Kleinkanferfoelieboom]]||''[[Turraea obtusifolia]]''||Small honeysuckle tree||296.1
|-
|[[Kleinkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina humeana]]''||Dwarf coral tree||243.1
|-
|[[Kleinlaventelkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton pseudopulchellus]]'' ||Small lavender croton ||329.3
|-
|[[Kleinperdepram]]||''[[Zanthoxylum capense]]''||Small knobwood||253
|-
|[[Kleinpeulseeboontjie]]||''[[Entada wahlbergii]]''||Small-pod seabean ||193.4
|-
|[[Kleinvalsmopanie]]||''[[Guibourtia conjugata]]''||Small copalwood||200
|-
|[[Kleinvrugtrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria afra]]'' ||Small-fruited clusterpear ||108.1
|-
|[[Kliertjiesboom]] ||''[[Pavetta edentula]]'' ||Gland-leaved bride’s bush ||717
|-
|[[Kliertjiesdeurmekaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia obtusifolia]]''||Hairy Puzzle-bush ||656.2
|-
|[[Klipels]]||''[[Afrocanthium mundianum]]''||Rock alder||710
|-
|[[Klipessenhout]] ||''[[Ekebergia pterophylla]]'' ||Rock ash ||299
|-
|[[Klipharpuisbos]] ||''[[Euryops brevipapposus]]'' ||Rock resin-bush ||739
|-
|[[Kliphout]]||''[[Heeria argentea]]''||Rockwood||368
|-
|[[Klipkershout]]||''[[Maytenus oleoides]]''||Rock candlewood||400
|-
|[[Klipkoolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis bilocularis]]''||Rock coalwood||307.1
|-
|[[Klipvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia brevifolia]]'' ||Rock false-thorn ||152
|-
|[[Klokkiesboontjieboom]] ||''[[Markhamia zanzibarica]]'' ||Bell-bean ||677
|-
|[[Klokkiespendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia tenuispina]]''||Bell spike-thorn||402.8
|-
|[[Knolharpuis]] ||''[[Othonna arbuscula]]'' || Traap baboon cabbage ||740
|-
|[[Knoppiesboontjie]]||''[[Maerua angolensis]]''||Bead-bean tree||132
|-
|[[Knoppiesdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia nigrescens]]'' ||Knob thorn ||178
|-
|[[Knoppiesklimop]] ||''[[Combretum mossambicense]]'' ||Knobbly climbing bushwillow ||545.1
|-
|[[Knoppiesvy]]||[[Knoppiesvy|''Ficus sansibarica'' subsp. ''sansibarica'']]||Knobbly fig||47
|-
|[[Kobas]] ||''[[Cyphostemma currorii]]'' ||Cobas||456
|-
|[[Koeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia undulata]]'' ||Kuni-bush||389
|-
|[[Koeboebessie]] ||''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' ||Kooboo-berry||410
|-
|[[Koedoebessie]] ||''[[Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia]]''||Kudu berry||308
|-
|[[Koffiebeesklou]]<br>[[Koffie bauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia petersiana]]'' ||Coffee bauhinia<br />Natal neat's foot||208.3
|-
|[[Kogelbergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia heterophylla]]'' ||Kogelberg ricebush ||145.9
|-
|[[Kogelbergvaalstompie]] ||''[[Mimetes arboreus]]'' ||Kogelberg pagoda ||72.1
|-
|[[Kokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron dichotomum]]'' ||Quiver tree ||29
|-
|[[Kokoboom]]||''[[Maytenus undata]]''||Koko tree||403
|-
|[[Kolletjiesblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus nigropunctata]]'' ||Busse's fig<br />Dot-leaved fig ||58
|-
|[[Komkommerbos]]||''[[Thilachium africanum]]''||Cucumber bush||136.2
|-
|[[Koolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis hirta]]''||Coalwood||307
|-
|[[Koorsbessie]]||''[[Croton megalobotrys]]''||Large fever-berry||329
|-
|[[Koorsboom]] ||''[[Vachellia xanthophloea]]''||Fever tree||189
|-
|[[Koorspeulboom]] ||''[[Holarrhena pubescens]]'' ||Fever-pod ||642
|-
|[[Koperstamkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora harveyi]]''||Red-stem corkwood||277
|-
|[[Koraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina lysistemon]]''||Common coral tree||245
|-
|[[Koraaltaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia magalismontana]]'' ||Coral crowberry ||384.2
|-
|[[Korentebos]] ||''[[Searsia tomentosa]]'' ||Bicoloured currant ||394
|-
|[[Korenteharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa sphaerocarpa]]'' ||Currant resin tree ||377
|-
|[[Korthaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis sepiaria var. subglabra]]'' ||Short-haired caperbush ||130.2
|-
|[[Kortpeul]] ||''[[Rourea orientalis]]'' ||Shortpod ||147.2
|-
|[[Kortstamnaboom]] ||''[[Euphorbia otjingandu]]'' ||Short-stemmed candelabra-tree ||748
|-
|[[Kosibaairoosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon kosiense]]'' ||Kosi Bay rose-apple ||762
|-
|[[Kosipalm]]||''[[Raphia australis]]''||Kosi palm||26
|-
|[[Kouebasrooihout]]||''[[Ochna arborea]]''||Cape redwood||479
|-
|[[Kraalkriedoring]]||''[[Lycium afrum]]''||Kraal honey-thorn||669.2
|-
|[[Kraalnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia tirucalli]]''||Rubber euphorbia||355
|-
|[[Kraalpendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia polyacantha subsp. polyacantha]]''||Kraal spike-thorn||402.2
|-
|[[Kransaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe arborescens]]'' ||Krantz aloe ||28.1
|-
|[[Kransbessie]]||''[[Gerrardina foliosa]]''||Krantz berry||500
|-
|[[Kranskwar]] ||''[[Psydrax locuples]]'' ||Krantz quar ||712
|-
|[[Kranssuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea rupicola]]'' ||Krantz sugarbush ||88.2
|-
|[[Kremetart]]||''[[Adansonia digitata]]''||Baobab||467
|-
|[[Kreupelrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna inermis]]'' ||Stunted plane ||480.1
|-
|[[Kringboom]]||''[[Maerua schinzii]]''||Ringwood tree||136
|-
|[[Krinkhout]]||''[[Securidaca longepedunculata]]''||Violet tree||303
|-
|[[Kromblaarsuikerbos]] ||[[''Protea afra'' subsp. ''falcata'']] ||Curved-leave sugarbush ||87.2
|-
|[[Kruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia occidentalis]]''||Cross-berry||463
|-
|[[Kruiskameeldoring]]||''[[Vachellia erioloba]]''||Hybrid camel thorn||169.1
|-
|[[Kunenekanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kuneneana]]'' ||Kunene corkwood ||277.7
|-
|[[Kunenewaterbessie]] ||''[[Syzygium kuneneense]]'' ||Kunene waterberry ||767
|-
|[[Kunenewolftoon]] ||''[[Kunenewolftoon|Portulacaria kuneneana]]'' ||Kunene porkbush ||104.4
|-
|[[Kurkbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia davyi]]'' ||Corky-barked thorn ||163.1
|-
|[[Kurkbasklapper]] of Geelklapper||''[[Strychnos cocculoides]]''||Corky monkey orange||623
|-
|[[Kurkbasrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna maguirei]]'' ||Corky-barked plane ||766
|-
|[[Kurkbos]] ||''[[Mundulea sericea]]''||Cork bush||226
|-
|[[Kurkdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium suberosum]]'' ||Cork turkey-berry ||709.1
|-
|[[Kurkvoëlbessie]] ||''[[Psychotria suber]]'' ||Corky birdberry ||769
|-
|[[Kusboontjiebos]] ||''[[Sophora inhambanensis]]'' ||Coastal bean-bush ||218
|-
|[[Kusbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta natalensis]]'' ||Coastal bride’s bush ||719
|-
|[[Kusfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea arborea]]'' ||Coastal fountainbush ||226.10
|-
|[[Kusjakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros inhacaensis]]'' ||Coastal jackal-berry ||604
|-
|[[Kusjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona coriacea]]'' ||Coastal jackal coffee ||700
|-
|[[Kuskanferbos]] ||''[[Tarchonanthus littoralis]]''||Coastal camphor bush||733.2
|-
|[[Kuskatoenboom]] ||''[[Hibiscus tiliaceus]]''||Lagoon hibiscus<br />Wild cotton tree||464
|-
|[[Kuskeiappel]] ||''[[Dovyalis longispina]]'' ||Coastal Kei apple ||510.1
|-
|[[Kuskoraalboom]] ||''[[Erythrina afra]]''||Coast coral tree ||242
|-
|[[Kuslooibas]] of [[Kuslooibas|pruimbas]] ||''[[Osyris compressa]]'' ||Tannin bush ||99
|-
|[[Kusrankdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia kraussiana]]'' ||Coastal climbing thorn|| 173.1
|-
|[[Kusrooimelkhout]]||''[[Mimusops afra]]''||Coastal red milkwood||583
|-
|[[Kusrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia longifolia]]'' ||Coastal ricebush ||145.11
|-
|[[Kussigsagkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis fascicularis var. zeyheri]]'' ||Coastal zigzag caperbush ||129.8
|-
|[[Kustaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia nebulosa]]'' ||Coastal currant ||390.1
|-
|[[Kusvaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena discolor]]''||Coast silver oak||724
|-
|[[Kuswildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria randii subsp. chartacea]]'' ||Coastal wild-medlar ||702.2
|-
|[[Kuswildepiesang]]||''[[Strelitzia nicolai]]''||Natal wild banana||34
|-
|[[Kuswitessenhout]] ||''[[Bersama swinnyi]]'' ||Coastal white-ash ||441
|-
|[[Kuswurgvy]]||[[Kuswurgvy|''Ficus natalensis'' subsp. ''natalensis'']]||Natal fig<br />Wild fig||57
|-
|[[Kwar]]||''[[Psydrax obovata]]''||Coastal quar||711
|-
|[[Laeveldbittertee]]||''[[Vernonia colorata]]''||Lowveld bitter-tea||723.4
|-
|[[Laeveldkanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea nilotica]]'' ||Lowveld honeysuckle Tree ||297
|-
|[[Laeveldkralesnoer]] ||''[[Alchornea laxiflora]]'' ||Lowveld beadstring ||334
|-
|[[Laeveldmelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara mochisia]]''||Lowveld milkberry||587
|-
|[[Laeveldnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia evansii]]''||Lowveld euphorbia||348
|-
|[[Laeveldsterkastaiïng]]||''[[Sterculia murex]]''||Lowveld chestnut||475
|-
|[[Laeveldvaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena huillensis]]''||Lowveld silver oak||727
|-
|[[Laeveldvy]]||''[[Ficus stuhlmannii]]''||Lowveld fig||65
|-
|[[Laingsburgtolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron osbornei]]'' ||Laingsburg conebush ||81.7
|-
|[[Lalapalm]]||''[[Hyphaene coriacea]]''||Lala palm||23
|-
|[[Langbeentjie]] ||''[[Leucadendron procerum]]'' ||Ivory conebush ||81.2
|-
|[[Langblaarwolftoon]] ||''[[Langblaarwolftoon|Portulacaria longipedunculata]]'' ||Long-leaved porkbush ||104.5
|-
|[[Langhaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis sepiaria var. citrifolia]]'' ||Long-haired caperbush ||130
|-
|[[Langpeuldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sieberiana var. sieberiana]]'' ||Longpod thorn ||186.9
|-
|[[Laventelboom]] ||''[[Heteropyxis natalensis]]''||Lavender tree||455
|-
|[[Laventelkoorsbessie]]||''[[Croton gratissimus]]''||Lavender croton<br />Lavender fever-berry||328
|-
|[[Limpopokoorsbessie]] ||[[Croton madandensis]] ||Limpopo feverberry ||328.4
|-
|[[Loerietolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron loeriense]]'' ||Loerie conebush ||80.7
|-
|[[Lydenburgbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos inopinus]]'' || Lydenburg cycad ||5.1
|-
|[[Lebombo-aalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe spicata]]'' ||Lebombo aloe ||30.4
|-
|[[Lebombobroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos lebomboensis]]'' || Lebombo cycad ||14.8
|-
|[[Lebombo-ysterhout]]||''[[Androstachys johnsonii]]''||Lebombo ironwood||327
|-
|[[Lebombokranses]]||''[[Atalaya alata]]''||Lebombo krantz ash||427
|-
|[[Lebombonaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia confinalis]]''||Lebombo euphoria<br />Lebombo milktree||345
|-
|[[Lebombowattel]]||''[[Newtonia hildebrandtii]]''||Lebombo-wattle||191
|-
|[[Lebombowitbos]] ||''[[Maerua brevipetiolata]]'' ||Lebombo spiderbush ||132.5
|-
|[[Lekkerbreek]]||''[[Ochna pulchra]]''||Peeling plane<br />Peelingbark ochna||483
|-
|[[Lekkerruikpeul]]||''[[Vachellia nilotica subsp. kraussiana]]''||Scented thorn||179
|-
|[[Lekkervreet]] ||''[[Opilia campestris]]'' || Parasitebush ||100.5
|-
|[[Lemoenhout]]||''[[Xymalos monospora]]''||Lemonwood||111
|-
|[[Lemoentjiedoring]]||''[[Cassinopsis ilicifolia]]''||Lemon thorn||420
|-
|[[Leolodoring]] ||''[[Vachellia ormocarpoides]]'' ||Leolo thorn ||179.3
|-
|[[Lepelhout]]||''[[Cassine schinoides]]''||Spoon-wood||418
|-
|[[Lilliebroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos dyerianus]]'' || Lillie cycad ||14.2
|-
|[[Lippeblomsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea subvestita]]''||Waterlily sugarbush || 98
|-
|[[Louriersuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea laurifolia]]''||Laurel sugarbush||90.2
|-
|[[Louriervy]] ||''[[Ficus ilicina]]'' || Laurel rock fig ||53
|-
|[[Maanhaarstompie]]||''[[Mimetes fimbriifolius]]''||Fringed bottlebrush||72.2
|-
|[[Magaliesrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna pretoriensis]]''||Magalies redwood ||480.2
|-
|[[Malbaarvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena glabra]]'' ||Malabar silver-oak ||726
|-
|[[Malvarosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia villosa]]''||Mallow raisin||463.3
|-
|[[Manketti]]||''[[Schinziophyton rautanenii]]''||Manketti tree<br />Feather-weight tree||337
|-
|[[Mannetjiebos]] ||''[[Stoeberia utilis]]'' ||White fig ||103.5
|-
|[[Maputalandbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta vanwykiana]]''||Sand Brides-bush||721.3
|-
|[[Maputalanddwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis maputensis]]'' ||Maputaland dwababerry ||758
|-
|[[Maputalandkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton steenkampianus]]'' ||Maputaland feverberry ||329.1
|-
|[[Maputalandoordeelboom]]||''[[Erythrophleum lasianthum]]''||Maputaland ordealtree<br />Swazi ordeal tree||196
|-
|[[Maputalandraasblaar]]||''[[Combretum mkuzense]]''||Mkuze bushwillow||545.2
|-
|[[Maputalandrankboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum eugeneanum]]'' ||Maputaland climbing bushwillow ||764
|-
|[[Maroela]]||''[[Sclerocarya birrea]]''||Marula||360
|-
|[[Matoppie]]||''[[Boscia albitrunca]]''||Shepherd's tree||122
|-
|[[Mbasheroosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon australissimum]]''||Mbashe rose-apple ||761
|-
|[[Meerstamvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia petersiana]]''||Multi-stemmed false-thorn<br />Nala tree||153
|-
|[[Melkpeer]]||''[[Inhambanella henriquesii]]''||Milk pear||591
|-
|[[Middelburgbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos middelburgensis]]'' ||Middelburg cycad ||14.3
|-
|[[Miershoopwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria randii subsp. randii]]'' ||Antheap-wild-medlar ||702.5
|-
|[[Mingerhout]]||''[[Breonadia salicina]]''||Matumi||684
|-
|[[Mirtaartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus myrtaceus]]''||Myrtle potatobush||311.5
|-
|[[Mitserie]]||''[[Bridelia micrantha]]''||Mitzeeri||324
|-
|[[Modjadjibroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos transvenosus]]''||Modjadji giant-cycad||13
|-
|[[Moepel]]||''[[Mimusops zeyheri]]''||Transvaal red milkwood||585
|-
|[[Moerasvy]]||''[[Ficus trichopoda]]''||Swamp fig||54
|-
|[[Mopanie]]||''[[Colophospermum mopane]]''||Mopane||198
|-
|[[Mopanie-aalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe littoralis]]'' ||Mopane aloe ||29.4
|-
|[[Mopanieaartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus pinnatus]]'' ||Mopane potato bush||312.1
|-
|[[Mopaniegeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum zambesiacum]]'' ||Zambezi gold ||676
|-
|[[Mopaniewitgat]] ||''[[Boscia matabelensis]]'' ||Mopane shepherd's tree ||125.5
|-
|[[Moringaboom]]||''[[Moringa oleifrea]]''||Drumstick tree||
|-
|[[Mosambiekkoffie]]||''[[Coffea racemosa]]''||Mozambique Wild Coffee||715.1
|-
|[[Msasa]]||''[[Brachystegia spiciformis]]''||Spring msasa<br />Musasa||198.1
|-
|[[Msinga-broodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos msinganus]]''||Msinga cycad ||14.7
|-
|[[Naaldblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia erectisepala]]'' ||Needle-leaved ricebush ||145.8
|-
|[[Naaldblaarheuningbostee]] ||''[[Cyclopia maculata]]'' ||Needle-leaf honeybush tea ||224.3
|-
|[[Naaldblaartolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron nobile]]'' ||Karoo conebush ||81.1
|-
|[[Naaldblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua rosmarinoides]]'' ||Needle-leaved spiderbush ||135
|-
|[[Naaldhardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica villosa]]'' ||Needle hardleaf ||453.4
|-
|[[Naboom]]||''[[Euphorbia ingens]]''||Common tree euphorbia||351
|-
|[[Namahaarpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa namaensis]]'' ||Nama resin tree ||373.1
|-
|[[Namakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora namaensis]]'' ||Nama corkwoord ||282.1
|-
|[[Namakwaboomvygie]] ||''[[Stoeberia utilis var. lerouxiae]]'' ||Namaqua tree-vygie ||757
|-
|[[Namakwaharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa dispar]]'' ||Namaqua resin tree ||370
|-
|[[Namakwajakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros acocksii]]'' ||Namaqua jackalberry ||602
|-
|[[Namakwakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora capensis]]'' ||Namaqua corkwood ||273
|-
|[[Namakwarooiklapperbos]]||''[[Erythrophysa alata]]''||Namaqua red balloon||436.1
|-
|[[Namakwavy]]||''[[Ficus cordata]]''||Sandpaper fig||51
|-
|[[Namapronkstert]]||''[[Gelrebia merxmuellerana]]''||Nama plumeflower||214.5
|-
|[[Namibharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa crassinervia]]''||Namibian resin tree||369
|-
|[[Namibiese kriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium eenii]]'' ||Namibian honeythorn ||669.10
|-
|[[Namibiese taaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. dinteri]]'' ||Namibia firethorn crowberry ||392.1
|-
|[[Namibkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora dinteri]]'' ||Namib corkwoord ||274.2
|-
|[[Namibkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis hereroensis]]'' ||Namib caperbush ||129.9
|-
|[[Namibkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina decora]]''||Namib coral tree||243
|-
|[[Namibpronkstert]]||''[[Hererolandia pearsonii]]''||Namib plumeflower||214.2
|-
|[[Nanabessie]]||''[[Searsia dentata]]''||Nana-berry||381
|-
|[[Nardouwluisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum praemorsum]]'' ||Nardouw fountain pincushion ||85.1
|-
|[[Natalaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe spectabilis]]'' ||Natal aloe ||30.6
|-
|[[Natalkweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya natalensis]]'' ||Sandstone quince ||117.1
|-
|[[Natalokkerneut]] ||''[[Cavacoa aurea]]'' ||Natal hickory ||332
|-
|[[Natalwilger]] of [[Natalwilger|fluitjieswilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''woodii'']] ||Natal willow ||36.2
|-
|[[Natalkaree]] ||''[[Searsia natalensis]]'' ||Northern dune currant ||390
|-
|[[Naukluftkaree]] ||''[[Searsia volkii]]'' ||Naukluft rhus ||396.2
|-
|[[Netblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua nervosa]]'' ||Lace-leaved spiderbish ||136.1
|-
|[[Ngotshe-broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos aemulans]]'' || Ngotshe cycad ||14.5
|-
|[[Ngoyedwergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ngoyanus]]'' ||Ngoye dwarf cycad ||14.17
|-
|[[Nieshout]]||''[[Ptaeroxylon obliquum]]''||Sneezewood||292
|-
|[[Njalaboom]]||''[[Xanthocercis zambesiaca]]''||Nyala tree||241
|-
|[[Noemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa bispinosa]]'' ||Num-num ||640.5
|-
|[[Nooienskokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron ramosissimum]]'' ||Maiden's quiver tree ||30.2
|-
|[[Noordelike boesmansdruif]]||''[[Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia]]''||Northern bushman's grape||456.6
|-
|[[Noordelike pompombruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta cataractarum]]'' ||Northern pompon bride’s bush ||719.2
|-
|[[Noordelike skulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria cymosa]]''||Escarpment Shell-flower||672
|-
|[[Noordelike valspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia neglecta]]'' ||Northern false spikethorn ||754
|-
|[[Notsung]]||''[[Halleria lucida]]''||Tree fuchsia||670
|-
|[[Okavangoboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum albopunctatum]]'' ||Okavango bushwillow ||531.2
|-
|[[Oleasterboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum elaeagnoides]]'' ||Oleaster bushwillow ||534.3
|-
|[[Olienhout]]||''[[Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata]]''||Wild olive<br>African olive||617
|-
|[[Olifantsrivierbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos lanatus]]''||Olifants River cycad||5.2
|-
|[[Olifantsrivierboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum petrophilum]]'' ||Olifants River bushwillow ||542.1
|-
|[[Omsambeet]]||''[[Millettia grandis]]''||Umzimbeet||227
|-
|[[Onderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus crinitus]]''||Black hazel||142
|-
|[[Oordeelboom]]||''[[Erythrophleum africanum]]''||Ordeal tree||194
|-
|[[Oorlogskloofsterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia dichotoma]]'' ||Oorlogskloof startree ||145.7
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia micrantha]]''||Eastern Cape hard-pear||514.1
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse reusebroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos altensteinii]]''||Eastern Cape cycad||3
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse smalblaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia linearis subsp. linearis]]'' ||Eastern Cape narrow-leaved spike-thorn ||399.1
|-
|[[Oostelike koeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia pallens]]'' ||Eastern kunibush ||395
|-
|[[Opregte suikerbos]]||''[[Protea repens]]''||Real sugarbush||94.2
|-
|[[Opregte waaierpalm]]||''[[Hyphaene petersiana]]''||Real fan palm||24
|-
|[[Oranjedruiweranker]] ||''[[Hyalosepalum afrum]]'' ||Orange grape creeper ||104.8
|-
|[[Otavibasboontjie]]||''[[Elephantorrhiza schinziana]]''||Otavi elephantroot||192.5
|-
|[[Otjihipakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora otjihipana]]'' ||Otjihipa corkwoord ||284.5
|-
|[[Ouhout]]||''[[Leucosidea sericea]]''||Oldwood||145
|-
|[[Outeniekwa-erica]]||''[[Erica inconstans]]'' ||Outeniqua tree erica ||574.1
|-
|[[Outeniekwakreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum glabrum]]'' ||Outeniqua pincushion ||84.3
|-
|[[Outeniekwafonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea diturnerae]]'' ||Outeniqua fountainbush ||750
|-
|[[Outeniekwageelhout]]||''[[Afrocarpus falcatus]]''||Outeniqua yellowwood||16
|-
|[[Outeniekwagonna]] ||''[[Passerina falcifolia]]'' ||Outeniqua gonna ||520
|-
|[[Ovambomahonie]] ||''[[Entandrophragma spicatum]]'' ||Ovambo mahogany ||294
|-
|[[Owamboperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum ovatifoliolatum]]'' ||Kaoko knobwood ||255.2
|-
|[[Paddaboom]]||''[[Tabernaemontana elegans]]''||Toad tree||644
|-
|[[Palmiet]] ||''[[Prionium serratum]]'' ||Palmiet ||768
|-
|[[Pambatieboom]]||''[[Anastrabe integerrima]]''||Pambati tree||671
|-
|[[Papegaaiboomheide]] ||''[[Erica psittacina ]]'' ||Parrot tree erica ||574.4
|-
|[[Papierbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sieberiana var. woodii]]''||Paper-bark thorn||187
|-
|[[Papierbaskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora marlothii]]''||Paperbark corkwood||278
|-
|[[Papierbasmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia zuluensis]]''||Paper-bark myrtle||554
|-
|[[Papierbasvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia tanganyicensis]]''||Paperbark false-thorn||157
|-
|[[Parlotabroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos relictus]]'' ||Parlota cycad ||12.5
|-
|[[Pendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia buxifolia]]''||Common spike-thorn||399
|-
|[[Pendoringkaree]] ||''[[Searsia gueinzii]]'' ||Thorny karee ||384
|-
|[[Pendoringtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pterota]]'' ||Winged currant ||391.2
|-
|[[Peperblaarboom]]||''[[Warburgia salutaris]]''||Pepper-bark tree||488
|-
|[[Peperblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora mossambicensis]]''||Pepper-leaf corkwood||281
|-
|[[Perdekopspeldekussing]] ||''[[Leucospermum reflexum]]'' ||Rocket pincushion ||85.2
|-
|[[Perdepis]]||''[[Clausena anisata]]''||Horsewood<br />False horsewood||265
|-
|[[Perdepram]]||''[[Zanthoxylum davyi]]''||Knobwood||254
|-
|[[Persbesem]]||''[[Polygala virgata]]''||Purple broom<br />Moth-fruit||302.2
|-
|[[Persblaarvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia antunesiana]]'' ||Purple-leaved false-thorn ||151
|-
|[[Perssambreelblom]]||''[[Karomia speciosa]]''||Wild parasol flower||668
|-
|[[Persstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora multijuga]]'' ||Purple-stemmed corkwood ||282
|-
|[[Petersvy]]||''[[Ficus petersii]]''||Peters's wild fig||48.1
|-
|[[Peulmahonie]]||''[[Afzelia quanzensis]]''||Pod-mahogany||207
|-
|[[Pienkbauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia urbaniana]]''||Pink bauhinia||208.7
|-
|[[Pienkblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya burgessiae]]''||Pink wild pear||468.1
|-
|[[Pienkkeurboom]] ||''[[Virgilia divaricata]]'' ||Pink keurboom ||221.1
|-
|[[Pienkmispel]] ||''[[Feretia aeruginescens]]'' ||Pink-medlar ||696.4
|-
|[[Pistoolbos]] ||''[[Justicia adhatodoides]]'' ||Pistol bush ||681
|-
|[[Platkroon]]||''[[Albizia adianthifolia]]''||Flat crown||148
|-
|[[Platorandbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos brevifoliolatus]]'' ||Escarpment cycad ||3.3
|-
|[[Platorandperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum thorncroftii]]'' ||Escarpment knobwood ||255.3
|-
|[[Platorandboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea galpinii]]''||Forest boekenhout||73
|-
|[[Platorandkaree]] ||''[[Searsia transvaalensis]]'' ||Escarpment karee ||394.1
|-
|[[Pluisblomjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona kirkii subsp. junodii]]'' ||Fluffy-flower jackal-coffee|| 698.3
|-
|[[Poeierbaskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia ternifolia]]''||Yellow gardenia<br />Powder-bark gardenia||690.3
|-
|[[Poeierkwasboom]]||''[[Barringtonia racemosa]]''||Lagoon powderpufftree<br />Powder-puff tree||524
|-
|[[Poerabessie]] ||''[[Vitex pooara]]'' ||Poora fingerleaf ||663
|-
|[[Pokysterhout]]||''[[Chionanthus foveolatus]]''||Common pock ironwood||615
|-
|[[Pompomrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia serpyllifolia]]'' ||Pompon ricebush ||145.16
|-
|[[Pompombruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta cooperi]]'' ||Pompom brides-bush ||719.4
|-
|[[Pondo-kokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus oleosa]]'' ||Pondo kokotree ||400.1
|-
|[[Pondotreurdoring]]||''[[Colubrina nicholsonii]]||Pondo weeping-thorn||453.8
|-
|[[Pondowitpeer]] ||''[[Apodytes abbottii]]'' ||Pondo white pear ||422.1
|-
|[[Pondoboesmanstee]] ||''[[Lydenburgia abbottii]]'' ||Pondo bushman's tea ||407
|-
|[[Pondodoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium vanwykii]]''||Pondo turkey-berry ||710.1
|-
|[[Pondojakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona africana]]'' ||Pondo jackal-coffee ||698.1
|-
|[[Pondokruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia pondoensis]]''||Pondo crossberry||463.5
|-
|[[Pondomelkbessie]] ||''[[Manilkara nicholsonii]]''||Pondo milkberry||586.1
|-
|[[Pondopalm]]||''[[Jubaeopsis afra]]''||Pondo coconut||27
|-
|[[Pondoranktaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia acocksii]]'' ||Pondo climbing currant ||377.2
|-
|[[Pondorooihout]] ||''[[Ochna sp. nov.]]'' ||Pondo plane ||481.1
|-
|[[Pondospookbos]] ||''[[Brunia trigyna]]'' ||Pondo ghostbush ||141.1
|-
|[[Pondosybas]] ||''[[Maytenus abbottii]]'' ||Pondo silky-bark ||398.1
|-
|[[Pondotolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron pondoense]]'' ||Pondoland conebush ||81.4
|-
|[[Pondovy]] ||''[[Ficus bizanae]]'' || Pondoland fig ||46
|-
|[[Pondovalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia retrospinosa]]'' ||Pondo false spikethorn ||403.3
|-
|[[Pondowaterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium pondoense]]''||Pondo waterwood||558.1
|-
|[[Populierblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus fischeri]]'' ||Poplar-leaved fig ||68
|-
|[[Potbergsuikerbos]]||[[Potbergsuikerbos|''Protea aurea'' subsp. ''potbergensis'']]||Potberg sugarbush ||90.6
|-
|[[Pronkonderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus grandiflorus]]''||Green hazel||144
|-
|[[Pronkrooihout]]||''[[Ochna natalitia]]''||Natal plane||481
|-
|[[Pronkverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera jucunda]]''||Showy Indigo||226.4
|-
|[[Pruimvingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex ferruginea]]'' ||Plum fingerleaf ||659
|-
|[[Pylgif]]||''[[Adenium boehmianum]]''||Namibian impalalily||647.2
|-
|[[Pynbos]] ||''[[Smodingium argutum]]'' ||Agony bush ||367
|-
|[[Pypsteelboom]]||''[[Vitex rehmannii]]''||Pipe-stem tree||664
|-
|[[Raasblaar]]||''[[Combretum zeyheri]]''||Large-fruited bushwillow||546
|-
|[[Rankboswilg]]||''[[Combretum patelliforme]]'' ||Combretum patelliforme ||534
|-
|[[Rankklipels]] ||''[[Keetia gueinzii]]'' ||Climbing-turkeyberry ||714
|-
|[[Rankrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia afra]]''||Climbing raisin||459
|-
|[[Ranksaffraan]] ||''[[Lauridia tetragona]]'' ||Climbing saffron ||411.1
|-
|[[Ranksaffraanboom]] ||''[[Lauridia reticulata]]'' ||Tree climbing saffron ||411.3
|-
|[[Ranksterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros simii]]'' ||Climbing star-apple ||609
|-
|[[Rankvingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex harveyana]]'' ||Scrambling fingerleaf ||660
|-
|[[Reepbaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora discolor]]'' ||Stringy-barked corkwood ||274.1
|-
|[[Renosterkoffie]] ||''[[Kraussia floribunda]]'' ||Rhino-coffee ||700.1
|-
|[[Reuseblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus lutea]]'' ||Giant-leaved fig ||61
|-
|[[Reusebroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos natalensis]]''||Natal cycad||10
|-
|[[Reuserosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia hexamita]]''||Giant raisin||460
|-
|[[Reuseseeboontjie]]||''[[Entada rheedii]]''||Giant seabean||193.3
|-
|[[Riemblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lorifolia]]'' ||Strap-leaved sugarbush ||91
|-
|[[Riffelstampendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia heterophylla]]''||Zulu spike-thorn||401.6
|-
|[[Ringbaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora steynii]]'' ||Ringed-bark corkwood ||288
|-
|[[Rivierblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya kirkii]]'' ||River wildpear ||470
|-
|[[Rivierdwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis obovata]]'' ||River dwababerry ||108
|-
|[[Rivierkriedoring]]||''[[Lycium hirsutum]]''||River honey-thorn||669.12
|-
|[[Riviernaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia triangularis]]''||River euphorbia||356
|-
|[[Rivierrankdoring]]||''[[Senegalia schweinfurthii var. schweinfurthii]]''||River climbing thorn||184.1
|-
|[[Rivierrooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia stolzii]]''||River redpear||496.2
|-
|[[Riviertaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. gracilis]]'' ||River firethorn crowberry ||392.2
|-
|[[Riviertolbos]] |||''[[Leucadendron salicifolium]]'' ||Common stream conebush ||82.1
|-
|[[Riviertrassiedoring]] |||[[''Vachellia hebeclada'' subsp. ''chobiensis'']] ||River candle-pod thorn ||170.1
|-
|[[Riviervaderlandswilg]]||''[[Combretum erythrophyllum]]''||River bushwillow||536
|-
|[[Rivierwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria proschii]]'' ||River wild-medlar ||702.4
|-
|[[Rivierwitbos]] ||''[[ Maerua gilgii]]''||River spiderbush ||133.1
|-
|[[Robinsonkreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum pluridens]]'' ||Robinson pincushion ||84.4
|-
|[[Rondeblaargifboom]] ||''[[Acokanthera rotundata]]'' ||Round-leaved poison-bush ||640
|-
|[[Rondeblaarharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa longipes]]'' ||Round-leaved resin tree ||372
|-
|[[Rondevrugbospendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia harveyana subsp. harveyana]]'' || Black forest spike-thorn ||399.2
|-
|[[Rooibergsepterbos]] ||''[[Paranomus roodebergensis]]'' ||Rooiberg tree sceptre<br />Honey-scented sceptre ||72.6
|-
|[[Rooibitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos henningsii]]'' ||Red bitterberry ||625
|-
|[[Rooiblaarrotsvy]] ||''[[Ficus ingens]]''||Red-leaved fig||55
|-
|[[Rooiblompendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia rubra]]'' ||Red-flower spike-thorn ||402.5
|-
|[[Rooiboekenhout]]||''[[Protorhus longifolia]]''||Red beech||364
|-
|[[Rooibos]] ||''[[Aspalathus linearis]]'' ||Rooibos tea ||225.10
|-
|[[Rooiboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum apiculatum]]''||Okavango bushwillow||532
|-
|[[Rooidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia gerrardii subsp. gerrardii]]'' ||Red thorn ||167
|-
|[[Rooi-els (boom)|Rooi-els]] ||''[[Cunonia capensis]]''||Red alder||140
|-
|[[Rooiessenhout]] ||''[[Trichilia emetica]]''||Natal mahogany ||301
|-
|[[Rooihaakbessie]] ||''[[Artabotrys monteiroae]]'' ||Red hook-berry ||105.2
|-
|[[Rooihaak]] ||''[[Vachellia reficiens subsp. reficiens]]'' ||Red umbrella thorn||181
|-
|[[Rooihartboom]]||''[[Hymenocardia ulmoides]]''||Red-heart tree||317
|-
|[[Rooi-ivoor]]||''[[Berchemia zeyheri]]''||Red ivory||450
|-
|[[Rooikershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus rostratus]]''||Red candlewood||408
|-
|[[Rooikweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya wyliei]]''||Red quince||117
|-
|[[Rooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia mundii]]''||Red pear||496
|-
|[[Rooipendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia senegalensis]]''||Red spike-thorn||402
|-
|[[Rooipronkstert]]||''[[Gelrebia rubra]]''||Red plumeflower||214.3
|-
|[[Rooiranksalie]]||''[[Buddleja pulchella]]''||Red Climbing Sagewood||636.4
|-
|[[Rooistinkhout]]||''[[Prunus africana]]''||Red stinkwood||147
|-
|[[Rooisuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea grandiceps]]'' ||Red sugarbush ||89.2
|-
|[[Rooitolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron discolor]]'' ||Piketberg conebush ||79
|-
|[[Rooivoëlbessie]] ||''[[Psychotria zombamontana]]''||Red bird-berry||723.1
|-
|[[Rooivrugwitstinkhout]] ||''[[Celtis mildbraedii]]''||Natal white stinkwood||41
|-
|[[Rooivy]] ||''[[Stoeberia arborea]]'' ||Red fig ||103.4
|-
|[[Rooiwortelboom]]||''[[Rhizophora mucronata]]''||Red mangrove||526
|-
|[[Rooiysterhout]]||''[[Ochna holstii]]''||Red ironwood||480
|-
|[[Rosyntjiebos]]||''[[Grewia flava]]''||Sandpaper raisin||459.1
|-
|[[Rotsblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya autumnalis]]''||Rock wildpear||468
|-
|[[Rotsboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum moggii]]'' ||Rock bushwillow ||542
|-
|[[Rotskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora saxicola]]'' ||Rock corkwood ||286
|-
|[[Rotstolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron strobilinum]]'' ||Peninsula conebush ||78
|-
|[[Ruigtekriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium acutifolium]]'' ||Thicket honey-thorn ||669.5
|-
|[[Saalpeultjieboom]]||''[[Wrightia natalensis]]''||Saddle pod||650
|-
|[[Safsafwilger]]||[[Safsafwilger|''Salix mucronata'' subsp. subserrata'']]||Safsaf willow||36
|-
|[[Sambokpeul]]||''[[Cassia abbreviata subsp. beareanna]]'' ||Sjambokpod||212
|-
|[[Sandboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum engleri]]'' ||Sand bushwillow ||535
|-
|[[Sandbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta catophylla]]'' ||Sand bride’s bush ||719.3
|-
|[[Sanddoring]] ||''[[Vachellia arenaria]]'' ||Sand thorn ||186
|-
|[[Sandessenhout]]||''[[Xylia torreana]]''||Sand ash||192
|-
|[[Sandjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona maputensis]]'' ||Maputo jackal-coffee ||699.1
|-
|[[Sandjasmyn]] ||''[[Schrebera trichoclada]]'' ||Sand jasmine<br />Wing-leaved wooden pear ||613
|-
|[[Sandkamhout]]||''[[Baphia massaiensis]]''||Sand camwoord||223
|-
|[[Sandkanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada zanzibariensis]]'' ||Sand canaryberry ||340
|-
|[[Sandkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora angolensis]]''||Sand corkwood||272
|-
|[[Sandkiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia arenicola]]'' ||Sand cabbage-tree ||561.1
|-
|[[Sandkroonbessie]] ||''[[Crossopteryx febrifuga]]'' ||Sand crown-berry ||683
|-
|[[Sandnoemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa tetramera]]'' ||Sand num-num ||640.6
|-
|[[Sandolien]]||''[[Dodonaea viscosa]]''||African sandolive<br />Hopbush||437.1
|-
|[[Sandperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum leprieurii]]'' ||Sand knobwood ||255.1
|-
|[[Sandrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna barbosae]]'' ||Sand plane ||479.2
|-
|[[Sandsterappel]]||''[[Diospyros loureiriana]]''||Sand star-apple||604.1
|-
|[[Sanduiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea mossambicensis]]'' ||Sand onionwood ||531
|-
|[[Sandveldhaarpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa obovata var. elliptica]]'' ||Sandveld resin tree ||373.5
|-
|[[Sandveldluisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum rodolentum]]'' ||Sandveld pincushion ||83
|-
|[[Sandveldwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia filipes]]'' ||Sandveld shepherd's tree ||123.1
|-
|[[Sebrabaskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora viminea]]'' ||Zebra-bark corkwood||279
|-
|[[Sebrabergwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua sebrabergensis]]'' ||Zebra mountain spiderbush ||751
|-
|[[Sebrahout]]||''[[Dalbergia melanoxylon]]''||Zebrawood||232
|-
|[[Seepbos]]||''[[Noltea africana]]''||Soap bush||453
|-
|[[Seepnetel]]||''[[Pouzolzia mixta]]''||Soap nettle||71
|-
|[[Sekhukhunedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sekhukhuniensis]]'' ||Sekhukhune thorn ||184.5
|-
|[[Sekelblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia recurvata]]'' ||Sickle-leaved ricebush ||145.14
|-
|[[Sekelbos]]||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea]]''||Sickle-bush||190
|-
|[[Sekhukhuneboesmanstee]] ||''[[Lydenburgia cassinoides]]''||Sekhukhuni bushman's tea ||406
|-
|[[Sekhukhunebobbejaanstert]] ||''[[Xerophyta retinervis var. multiramosa]]'' ||Sekhukhune baboon's tail ||770
|-
|[[Sekhukhunekaree]] ||''[[Searsia sekhukhuniensis]]'' ||Sekhukhune karee ||393.3
|-
|[[Septeeboom]]||''[[Cordia afra]]''||Septee tree||652
|-
|[[Septemberbossie]]||''[[Polygala myrtifolia]]''||September bush||302.1
|-
|[[Septemberklokkies]]||''[[Rothmannia globosa]]''||Bell gardenia||695
|-
|[[Serpentyndoring]] ||''[[Senegalia loetteri]]'' ||Serpentine thorn ||755
|-
|[[Serpentynsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea curvata]]'' ||Serpentine sugarbush ||88.1
|-
|[[Sigsagkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis fascicularis var. fascicularis]]'' ||Zigzag caperbush ||129.7
|-
|[[Silwerblaarmelkpruim]]||''[[Englerophytum natalense]]''||Natal milkplum||582
|-
|[[Silwerboom]]||''[[Leucadendron argenteum]]''||Silver tree||77
|-
|[[Silwerbos]] ||[[Silwerbos|''Leucadendron uliginosum'' subsp. ''uliginosum'']] ||Outeniqua conebush ||82.6
|-
|[[Silwerhoekstamrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia gracillima]]''||Silver square-stemmed raisin||459.4
|-
|[[Silwerwilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''hirsuta'']] ||Silver willow ||35.1
|-
|[[Skeweblaarbasboontjie]] ||''[[Elephantorrhiza suffruticosa]]'' ||Skew-leaved elephantroot||193.1
|-
|[[Skilferbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia exuvialis]]'' ||Flaky-barked thorn ||164.1
|-
|[[Skoensoolpeul]]||''[[Brachystegia boehmii]]''||Mufuti msasa<br />Prince-of-Wales msasa||198.2
|-
||[[Skotseratel]] ||''[[Amblygonocarpus andongensis]]'' ||Scotsman's rattle||190.2
|-
|[[Skraalrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia denticulata]]'' ||Slender ricebush ||145.6
|-
|[[Skurweblaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia amoena]]''||Sandpaper bush||656
|-
|[[Skurweblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora edulis]]''||Rough-leaved corkwood||275
|-
|[[Skurweblaarrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia flavescens]]''||Velvet raisin||459.2
|-
|[[Skurwevyeboom]] ||''[[Ficus capreifolia]]'' || Rough-leaved fig tree ||50.1
|-
|[[Silwerblaarsuikerbos]] ||[[Silwerblaarsuikerbos|''Protea roupelliae'' subsp. ''roupelliae'']] ||Silver sugarbush ||96
|-
|[[Silwerblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya pulchra]]'' ||Silver wildpear ||470.1
|-
|[[Skraalkaree]] ||''[[Searsia keetii]]'' ||Slender karee ||384.5
|-
|[[Skurweblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia angustifolia var. corymbosa]]'' ||Rough-leaved shepherd tree ||123
|-
|[[Slaaibos]] ||''[[Didelta spinosa]]'' ||Thorny salad bush ||736.2
|-
|[[Slapbergsoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia theronii]]'' ||Slender mountain sweet thorn ||172.3
|-
|[[Slapdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia permixta]]'' ||Slender thorn ||179.1
|-
|[[Slapfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea affinis]]'' ||Slender fountainbush ||226.14
|-
|[[Slaphoringaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe speciosa]]'' ||Tilt-head aloe ||30.5
|-
|[[Slapkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora virgata]]'' ||Slender corkwood ||290
|-
|[[Slapkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium bosciifolium]]'' ||Limpopo honey-thorn ||669.8
|-
|[[Slaploot]] ||''[[Senegalia senegal var. leiorhachis]]'' ||Slender three-hooked thorn||185
|-
|[[Slymappel]]||''[[Azanza garckeana]]''||Snot apple||466
|-
||[[Smalblaarbasboontjie]] ||''[[Elephantorrhiza goetzei]]'' ||Narrow-pod elephantroot||192.1
|-
||[[Smalblaarghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea linearis]]'' ||Lance-leaved guarri ||596
|-
|[[Smalblaarharpuisbos]]||''[[Ozoroa paniculosa var. salicina]]''||Narrow-leaved resin tree||375.1
|-
|[[Smalblaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis brassii]]'' ||Narrow-leaved caperbush ||129.6
|-
|[[Smalblaarmosterdboom]] ||''[[Salvadora australis]]'' ||Narrow-leaved mustard-tree ||621
|-
|[[Smalblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lanceolata]]'' ||Lance-leaved sugarbush ||90.1
|-
|[[Smalblaarwasbessie]]||''[[Morella serrata]]''||Lance-leaved waxberry||38
|-
|[[Smalblad]]||''[[Metrosideros angustifolia]]''||Lance-leaved myrtle||559
|-
|[[Snuifkalbassie]]||''[[Oncoba spinosa]]''||Snuff-box tree||492
|-
|[[Soetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia karroo]]''||Sweet thorn||172
|-
|[[Soutpansbergdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia montis-salinarum]]'' ||Soutpansberg thorn ||753
|-
|[[Soutpansbergmadeliefiebos]]||''[[Callilepis caerulea]]''||Soutpansberg Marguerite||736.3
|-
|[[Soutpansbergroosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon soutpansbergense]]'' ||Soutpansberg rose-apple ||763
|-
|[[Soutpansbergwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria soutpansbergensis]]'' ||Soutpansberg wild-medlar ||703.1
|-
|[[Spalkpendoring]] ||''[[Gloveria integrifolia]]'' ||Splint spike-thorn ||403.9
|-
|[[Spekboom]]||''[[Portulacaria afra]]''||Porkbush||104
|-
|[[Spitsblaarspeldekussing]] ||''[[Leucospermum saxosum]] ''||Escarpment pincushion ||85.3
|-
|[[Spoegboom]] ||''[[Commiphora cervifolia]]''|| Antler-leaved corkwood || 273.5
|-
|[[Springsaadboom]] ||''[[Shirakiopsis elliptica]]'' || Jumping-seed tree ||342
|-
|[[Sprokiesboom]] ||''[[Moringa ovalifolia]]'' || Phantomtree ||137
|-
|[[Stamlose broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos villosus]]'' ||Ground cycad ||14.20
|-
|[[Stamvrug]]||''[[Englerophytum magalismontanum]]''||Transvaal milkplum||581
|-
|[[Stamvrugklimop]] ||''[[Tiliacora funifera]]'' ||Elbow leaf || 104.7
|-
|[[Stamvrugysterpruim]]||''[[Drypetes natalensis]]''||Natal ironplum||316
|-
|[[Stekelblaarklapper]]||''[[Strychnos pungens]]''||Spine-leaved monkey||628
|-
||[[Stekelsplinterboontjie]] ||''[[Adenopodia spicata]]'' ||Spiny splinterbean ||193.5
|-
|[[Sterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia rogersii]]''||Large-leaved star-chestnut||477
|-
|[[Sterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia arborea]]'' ||Startree ||145.1
|-
|[[Sterkbos]]||''[[Terminalia prunioides]]''||Lowveld cluster-leaf||550
|-
|[[Sterretjierosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia sulcata]]''||Stellar raisin||463.9
|-
|[[Sterretjierysbos]]||''[[Cliffortia nitidula]]''||Starry rice-bush||145.2
|-
|[[Stinkbessievingerblaar]]||''[[Vitex mombassae]]''||Poora-berry||660.1
|-
|[[Stinkblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea susannae]]'' ||Stink-leaf sugarbush ||98.1
|-
|[[Stinkbos]] ||''[[Boscia foetida]]''||Stinkbush||124
|-
|[[Stinkebbehout]] ||''[[Heywoodia lucens]]''||Stink ebony ||306
|-
|[[Stinkhout]] ||''[[Ocotea bullata]]''||Stinkwood||118
|-
|[[Stinkwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia foetida subsp. rehmanniana]]'' ||Stink shepherd's tree ||125
|-
|[[Stompblaartaaibos]]||''[[Searsia rehmanniana]]''||Blunt-leaved currant||393.4
|-
|[[Stormbos]] ||''[[Cadaba aphylla]]'' ||Leafless worm bush ||129
|-
|[[Strandaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe thraskii]]'' ||Strand aloe ||30.7
|-
|[[Suidelike skulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria verticillata]]''||Southern Shell-flower||673
|-
|[[Suidkuskiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia nicholsonii]]''||Natal coast cabbage tree||565.1
|-
|[[Suurbergbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos longifolius]]''||Suurberg cycad||9
|-
|[[Suurbergkussingbos]]||''[[Oldenburgia grandis]]''||Suurberg cushion bush||737
|-
|[[Suurbessie]]||''[[Dovyalis rhamnoides]]''||Common sourberry||509
|-
|[[Suurkaree]]||''[[Searsia ciliata]]''||Sour karee||380.2
|-
|[[Suurlat]] ||''[[Freylinia visseri]]'' ||Sandveld honey-bells ||670.4
|-
|[[Suurpruim]] ||[[Suurpruim|''Ximenia afra'' var. ''afra'']] ||Large sour plum||103
|-
|[[Suurtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia krebsiana]]'' ||Mountain currant ||385.1
|-
|[[Swakopmundkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora oblanceolata]]'' || Hyaena corkwood ||284.1
|-
|[[Swartapiesdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia burkei]]''||Black monkey thorn||161
|-
|[[Swartbaardsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lepidocarpodendron]]'' ||Black-bearded sugarbush ||90.5
|-
|[[Swartbas]]||''[[Diospyros whyteana]]''||Bladder-nut||611
|-
|[[Swartbitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos potatorum]]'' ||Black bitterberry ||630
|-
|[[Swarthaak]] ||''[[Senegalia mellifera subsp. detinens]]'' ||Spike-flowered black-thorn ||176
|-
|[[Swartvalstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus africanus]]''||African false currant||425
|-
|[[Swartwortelboom]]||''[[Bruguiera gymnorrhiza]]''||Black mangrove||527
|-
|[[Swazibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos aplanatus]]'' ||Swazi north-east forest cycad ||14.10
|-
|[[Swazidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia swazica]]'' ||Swazi thorn ||187.2
|-
|[[Swazigeelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia glabrata]]'' ||Swazi laburnum ||219.2
|-
|[[Swazipendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia swazica]]'' ||Swazi spike-thorn ||749
|-
|[[Swazi-uiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea swaziensis]]'' ||Swazi onionwood ||531.1
|-
|[[Sweepstokknoppiesboontjie]] ||''[[Maerua kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko beadbean ||133.8
|-
|[[Sybas]]||''[[Maytenus acuminata]]''||Rock silky bark||398
|-
|[[Sydoring]]||''[[Vachellia rehmanniana]]''||Silky thorn||182
|-
|[[Syhaartolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron pubescens]]'' ||Grey conebush ||81.3
|-
|[[Syhaarveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne pilosa]]''||Silky fibre-bush||518
|-
|[[Taaijakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros glandulifera]]'' ||Sticky star-apple ||603.2
|-
|[[Tambotie]] ||''[[Spirostachys africana]]''||Tamboti||341
|-
|[[Teerhout]] ||''[[Loxostylis alata]]''||Tarwood||365
|-
|[[Teerysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia paucistaminea]]'' ||Tea ricebush ||145.12
|-
|[[Terblanzboom]] ||''[[Faurea macnaughtonii]]'' ||Terblanz beech||74
|-
|[[Tolbalie]] ||''[[Empogona lanceolata]]''||Jackal-coffee ||699
|-
|[[Tolvruglukwart]] ||''[[Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. stenocarpus]]'' ||Spindle-fruited loquat ||696.3
|-
|[[Tongabergaalwyn]] ||[[Tongabergaalwyn|''Aloe marlothii'' subsp. ''orientalis'']] ||Tonga mountain aloe ||29.7
|-
|[[Tongaboomaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloidendron tongaense]]'' ||Tonga tree aloe ||29.9
|-
|[[Tongadoringkatjiepiering]] ||''[[Hyperacanthus microphyllus]]'' ||Tonga spiny gardenia ||689.7
|-
|[[Tongakatjiepiering]] ||''[[Gardenia cornuta]]'' || Tonga gardenia ||690.1
|-
|[[Tongakierie]] ||''[[Crateva kirkii]]'' ||Tonga kierie ||131
|-
|[[Tongakwar]] ||''[[Psydrax fragrantissima]]'' ||Tonga quar ||712.1
|-
|[[Tongalandbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ferox]]'' || Tongaland cycad ||3.4
|-
|[[Towerghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea divinorum]]''||Magic guarri||595
|-
|[[Transvaalbergsuikerbos]] of [[Transvaalbergsuikerbos|platorandsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea rubropilosa]]'' ||Transvaal sugarbush ||97
|-
|[[Transvaalsesambos]] ||''[[Sesamothamnus lugardii]]'' ||Sesame-bush ||680
|-
|[[Trassiedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia hebeclada]]'' ||Candle-pod thorn ||170
|-
|[[Treurbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta lanceolata]]''||Weeping bride's bush||718.1
|-
|[[Treurharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa engleri]]''||White resin tree||371
|-
|[[Treurkersielemoen]]||''[[Teclea natalensis]]''||Natal cherry-orange||264
|-
|[[Treurtrassiedoring]]||''[[Vachellia hebeclada subsp. tristis]]'' ||Weeping candle-pod thorn ||170.2
|-
|[[Trilblaarvy]] ||[[Trilblaarvy|''Ficus tremula'' subsp. ''tremula'']] ||Trembling-leaf fig ||67
|-
|[[Tropiese blompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya quinqueseta]]'' ||Tropical wildpear ||470.5
|-
|[[Tropiese kweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya liebertiana]]'' ||Tropical wild quince ||113.1
|-
|[[Tropiese pendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia maranguensis]]'' ||Tropical spike thorn ||399.9
|-
|[[Troshofiesuikerbos]] ||''[[Troshofiesuikerbos|Protea welwitschii]]'' ||Cluster-head sugarbush ||98.2
|-
|[[Trosvy]]||[[Trosvy|''Ficus sycomorus'' subsp. ''sycomorus'']]||Common cluster fig||66
|-
|[[Tsitsikammatolbos]] ||[[Tsitsikammatolbos|''Leucadendron uliginosum'' subsp. ''glabratum'']] ||Tsitsikamma conebush ||82.5
|-
|[[Tugelapendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia macrocarpa]]'' ||Tugela spike-thorn ||401.8
|-
|[[Tugelastinkwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia foetida subsp. longipedicellata]]'' ||Tugela stinkbush ||124.1
|-
|[[Tuitpeulpronkstert]] ||''[[Gelrebia rostrata]]'' ||Beaked-pod plumeflower ||214.6
|-
|[[Tweeblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Welwitschia mirabilis]]'' ||Welwitschia ||21.1
|-
|[[Tweelingrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca trichogyne]]''||Twin red-berry||332.4
|-
|[[Uiehout]]||''[[Cassipourea malosana]]''||Common onionwood||529
|-
|[[Uitenhaagaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe africana]]'' ||Uitenhage aloe ||28.2
|-
|[[Umbeluzibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos umbeluziensis]]'' ||Umbeluzi cycad ||14.19
|-
|[[Umtiza]]||''[[Umtiza listeriana]]''||Umtiza||205
|-
|[[Uniondaletolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron rourkei]]'' ||Uniondale conebush ||81.6
|-
|[[Vaalalbasterboom]] ||''[[Guilandina bonduc]]'' ||Grey nickar||214.4
|-
|[[Vaalblaarwurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba termitaria]]'' ||Grey-leaved worm bush||129.3
|-
|[[Vaalboom]]||''[[Terminalia sericea]]''||Silver cluster-leaf||551
|-
|[[Vaalkameeldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia haematoxylon]]'' ||Grey camel thorn ||169
|-
|[[Vaalkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia transvaalensis]]''||Transvaal cabbage tree||564.3
|-
|[[Vaalkreupelhout]]|| [[Vaalkreupelhout|''Leucospermum conocarpdendron'' subsp. ''conocarpdendron'']] ||Grey pincushion||84
|-
|[[Vaalpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia capitata]]'' ||Ashen spike-thorn ||401.4
|-
|[[Vaalpypsteelboom]]||''[[Vitex zeyheri]]''||Silver pipe-stem tree||666
|-
|[[Vaalrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia monticola]]''||Silver raisin||462
|-
|[[Vaalstompie]] ||''[[Mimetes argenteus]]'' ||Silver pagoda ||72.7
|-
|[[Vaaltolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron conicum]]'' ||Garden Route conebush||78.1
|-
|[[Valleibosnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia grandidens]]''||Valley-bush euphorbia||350
|-
|[[Valleiboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum stylesii]]'' ||Valley bushwillow ||545.5
|-
|[[Valleirooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca natalensis]]'' ||Valley redberry||332.5
|-
|[[Valsassegaai]]||''[[Maesa lanceolata]]''||False assegai||577
|-
|[[Valsbliksembos]]||''[[Pseudophyllanthus ovalis]]||False-lightningbush||305
|-
|[[Valsblinkblaar]] ||''[[Itea rhamnoides]]'' || False shinyleaf ||138
|-
|[[Valsbruidsbos]]||''[[Tarenna pavettoides]]''||False bride's bush||686
|-
|[[Valsdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium armatum]]'' ||False turkeyberry ||715
|-
|[[Valskatjiepiering]] ||''[[Rothmannia capensis]]''||Cape gardenia||693
|-
|[[Valskiepersol]] ||''[[Neocussonia umbellifera]]''||False cabbage tree||566
|-
|[[Valskralesnoer]] ||''[[Micrococca capensis]]'' ||False bead-string||332.2
|-
|[[Valslekkerbreek]] ||''[[Brackenridgea zanguebarica]]'' ||Yellow false-plane ||483.1
|-
|[[Valsmaroela]] ||''[[Lannea schweinfurthii]]''||False marula||363
|-
|[[Valsmispel]] ||''[[Vangueriopsis lanciflora]]''||False medlar||704
|-
|[[Valspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia pyracantha]]'' ||False spikethorn ||403.1
|-
|[[Valspapierblom]] ||''[[Pisonia aculeata]]'' ||Mock bougainvillea ||103.8
|-
|[[Valsperdebos]]||''[[Hippobromus pauciflorus]]''||False horsewood||438
|-
|[[Valsrooipeer]]||''[[Pseudoscolopia polyantha]]''||False-redpear||499
|-
|[[Valssilwerrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia inaequilatera]]''||False-silver raisin||460.1
|-
|[[Valssybas]]||''[[Robsonodendron eucleiforme]]''||False silky-bark||413
|-
|[[Valstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus decipiens]]''||Small-leaf false currant<br />Bastard currant||423
|-
|[[Valsvaalrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia subspathulata]]''||Hybrid raisin||463.8
|-
|[[Vals-wag-'n-bietjie]]||''[[Ziziphus rivularis]]''||False buffalo-thorn||448
|-
|[[Valswaterbessie]] ||''[[Rhynchocalyx lawsonioides]]'' ||False-waterberry ||523.1
|-
|[[Valswitessenhout]] ||''[[Pseudobersama mossambicensis]]'' ||False white ash ||302
|-
|[[Vanstadensbergheuningbostee]] ||''[[Cyclopia longifolia]]'' ||Van Stadensberg honeybush tea ||224.2
|-
|[[Vanstadensepterboom]] ||''[[Paranomus reflexus]]'' ||Van Staden's sceptre ||72.4
|-
|[[Vanwykshout]]||''[[Bolusanthus speciosus]]''||Tree wisteria||222
|-
|[[Veldwildevy]] ||''[[Ficus burtt-davyi]]'' || Burtt Davy's fig ||49
|-
|[[Vendabroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos hirsutus]]'' ||Venda cycad ||14.6
|-
|[[Vendaboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum vendae]]'' ||Venda bushwillow ||540.3
|-
|[[Vendasyhaarkoffie]] ||''[[Sericanthe andongensis subsp. legatti]]'' ||Venda silky-coffee ||697
|-
|[[Vierblaarboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum adenogonium]]'' ||Four-leaved bushwillow ||531.4
|-
|[[Viervingerbos]] ||''[[Bachmannia woodii]]'' ||Four-finger bush ||121
|-
|[[Vlamdoring]]||''[[Senegalia ataxacantha]]''||Flame thorn||160
|-
|[[Vlam-van-die-vlakte]]||''[[Bauhinia galpinii]]''||Pride-of-De Kaap||208.2
|-
|[[Vlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum microphyllum]]'' ||Flamecreeper ||545
|-
|[[Vleidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia stuhlmannii]]'' ||Vlei thorn ||187.1
|-
|[[Vleiknoppiesbos]] ||''[[Berzelia lanuginosa]]'' ||Marsh buttonbush ||141.2
|-
|[[Vleirysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia strobilifera]]'' ||Bog ricebush ||145.3
|-
|[[Vleisneeubos]] ||''[[Berzelia albiflora]]'' ||Marsh snowbush ||141.3
|-
|[[Vleitee]] ||''[[Cyclopia subternata]]'' ||Honeybush-tea ||224.4
|-
|[[Vlerkboon]]||''[[Xeroderris stuhlmannii]]''||Wing bean||240
|-
|[[Vlerkvrugpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia hemipterocarpa]]'' ||Winged-fruit spike-thorn ||399.8
|-
|[[Vlerkwortel]] ||''[[Polemanniopsis marlothii]]'' ||Winged-carrot ||746
|-
|[[Vloedvlaktedoring]] || ''[[Vachellia kirkii subsp. kirkii var. kirkii]]'' ||Floodplain thorn ||173
|-
|[[Voëlsitboom]]||''[[Antidesma venosum]]''||Tassel berry||318
|-
|[[Vratjievrugbliksembos]]||''[[Clutia pulchella]]''||Warty-fruit lightning-bush||336.2
|-
|[[Vratjiewitbessiebos]] ||''[[Flueggea verrucosa]]'' ||Warty white-berry bush ||309.1
|-
|[[Vrystaatse geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia reflexa]]'' || Free State golden-pea<br />Sotho laburnum ||220.1
|-
|[[Waaieraalwyn]] ||''[[Kumara plicatilis]]'' ||Franschhoek aloe ||29.6
|-
|[[Waboom]]||''[[Protea nitida]]''||Wagon tree||86
|-
|[[Wakkerstroomrooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia oreophila]]''||Wakkerstroom red-pear||496.1
|-
|[[Wasagtige broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cerinus]]'' ||Waxen cycad ||14.12
|-
|[[Waterbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos eugene-maraisii]]'' ||Waterberg cycad ||3.1
|-
|[[Waterbergrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia rogersii]]''||Waterberg raisin||463.7
|-
|[[Waterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium cordatum]]''||Water berry||555
|-
|[[Waterboomheide]]||''[[Erica afra]]''||Water tree heath<br />Sweet scented heath||572
|-
|[[Waterdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia nebrownii]]'' ||Water thorn ||177.1
|-
|[[Waterkeurtjie]]||''[[Podalyria calyptrata]]''||Water blossom pea||225
|-
|[[Waterpeer]]||''[[Syzygium guineense]]''||Water pear<br />Water berry||557
|-
|[[Waterpokysterhout]] ||''[[Chionanthus battiscombei]]'' ||Water pock-ironwood ||614
|-
|[[Watersybas]] ||''[[Maytenus cordata]]'' ||Water silkybark||398.3
|-
|[[Watertaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia gerrardii]]'' ||River karee ||378
|-
|[[Watervaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena neriifolia]]''||Cape silveroak<br />Water white alder||729
|-
|[[Watervlier]]||''[[Nuxia oppositifolia]]''||Water elder||635
|-
|[[Watervy]] ||''[[Ficus verruculosa]]'' ||Water fig ||67.1
|-
|[[Waterwitsuikerbos]]||[[Waterwitsuikerbos|Protea punctata]]|| Water white sugarbush || 94.1
|-
|[[Westelike geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia intrusa]]'' ||Western wild laburnum ||219.3
|-
|[[Westelike koolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis hanekomii]]''||Western coalwood||307.2
|-
|[[Westelike smalblaarwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella integra]]'' ||Western lance-leaved wax-berry ||38.1
|-
|[[Wilde-amandel]]||''[[Brabejum stellatifolium]]''||Wild almond||72
|-
|[[Wilde-appelkoos]]||''[[Dovyalis zeyheri]]''||Wild apricot||511
|-
|[[Wildedadelboom]]||''[[Phoenix reclinata]]''||Wild date palm||22
|-
|[[Wildefrangipani]]||''[[Voacanga thouarsii]]''||Wild frangipani||646
|-
|[[Wildegranaat]]||''[[Burchellia bubalina]]''||Wild pomegranate||688
|-
|[[Wildegroenhaarboom]]||''[[Parkinsonia africana]]''||Wild green-hair tree||214
|-
|[[Wildejasmyn]]||''[[Schrebera alata]]''||Wild jasmine||612
|-
|[[Wildekanferboom]] ||''[[Cryptocarya myrtifolia]]'' ||Myrtle wild quince ||115
|-
|[[Wildekastaiing]] ||''[[Calodendrum capense]]'' ||Cape chestnut ||256
|-
|[[Wildelukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus speciosus]]''||Wild loquat||696
|-
|[[Wildemango]]||''[[Cordyla africana]]''||Wild mango||216
|-
|[[Wildemispel]]||''[[Vangueria infausta]]''||Wild medlar||702
|-
|[[Wildemoerbei]]||''[[Trimeria grandifolia]]''||Wild mulberry||503
|-
|[[Wildenaeltjiebos]] ||''[[Montinia caryophyllacea]]'' ||Wild-clovebush ||137.5
|-
|[[Wildenartjie]]||''[[Toddaliopsis bremekampii]]''||Wild mandarin||262
|-
|[[Wildepatat]] ||''[[Maerua racemulosa]]'' ||Forest bush-cherry ||134
|-
|[[Wildeperske]]||''[[Kiggelaria africana]]''||Wild peach||494
|-
|[[Wildepiesang]]||''[[Ensete ventricosum]]''||Wild banana||31
|-
|[[Wildepopulier]]||''[[Macaranga capensis]]''||Wild poplar<br />River macaranga||335
|-
|[[Wildepruim]]||''[[Harpephyllum caffrum]]''||Wild plum||361
|-
|[[Wildesalie]]||''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]''||Sagewood||637
|-
|[[Wildesering]]||''[[Burkea africana]]''||Wild-seringa||197
|-
|[[Wildesuikerappel]] ||''[[Annona senegalensis]]''||Wild custard-apple||105
|-
|[[Wildevlier]] ||''[[Nuxia congesta]]''||Common wild elder||633
|-
|[[Wilgerblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia salicifolia]]''||Willow-leaved shepherd's tree||128.1
|-
|[[Wilgerkorentebos]] ||''[[Searsia angustifolia]]''||Willow karee||377.1
|-
|[[Wilgerkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium arenicola]]'' ||Willow honeythorn ||669.7
|-
|[[Wilgerpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia bachmannii]]''||Willow spike-thorn||398.2
|-
|[[Witbessiebos]]||''[[Flueggea virosa]]''||White-berry bush||309
|-
|[[Witblombos]] ||''[[Metalasia muricata]]''||White bristle bush||736
|-
|[[Witblomtontelhout]]||''[[Volkameria glabra]]''||Tinderwood||667
|-
|[[Witbos]]||''[[Maerua cafra]]''||Spider bush||133
|-
|[[Witels]]||''[[Platylophus trifoliatus]]''||White alder||141
|-
|[[Witessenhout]]||''[[Bersama tysoniana]]''||Coastal white ash||443
|-
|[[Witfluweelboomheide]] ||''[[Erica simii]]''||White-velvet tree erica||576
|-
|[[Withaarbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos friderici-guilielmi]]''||White-haired cycad||4
|-
|[[Without]]||''[[Ilex mitis]]''||Cape holly||397
|-
|[[Witkaree]]||''[[Searsia pendulina]]''||White karree||396
|-
|[[Witkershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus echinatus]]''||White candlewood||405
|-
|[[Witmelkhout]]||''[[Sideroxylon inerme]]''||White milkwood||579
|-
|[[Witolienhout]]||''[[Buddleja saligna]]''||False olive||636
|-
|[[Witonderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus ellipticus]]''||White hazel<br />Natal hazel||143
|-
|[[Witpeer]]||''[[Apodytes dimidiata]]''||White pear||422
|-
|[[Witrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia bicolor]]''||Bastard raisin||458
|-
|[[Witseebasboom]]||''[[Avicennia marina]]''||White mangrove||669
|-
|[[Witsering]] ||''[[Kirkia acuminata]]''||White seringa||267
|-
|[[Witstam]] ||''[[Euclea schimperi]]'' ||Glossy guarri||600
|-
|[[Witdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia polyacantha subsp. campylacantha]]'' ||White-stemmed thorn||180
|-
|[[Witranksalie]]||''[[Buddleja dysophylla]]''||White Climbing Sagewood||636.3
|-
|[[Witstamkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora tenuipetiolata]]''||White-stem corkwood||289
|-
|[[Witstinkhout]]||''[[Celtis africana]]''||White stinkwood||39
|-
|[[Witstippelbospendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia nemorosa]]''||White forest spike-thorn||399.3
|-
|[[Witsuikerbos]]||''[[Protea lacticolor]]''||Hottentot sugarbush||90
|-
|[[Witysterhout]]||''[[Vepris lanceolata]]''||White ironwood||261
|-
|[[Wolbaardsuikerbos]]||''[[Protea magnifica]]''||Queen sugarbush||86.1
|-
|[[Wolftoon]]||''[[Wolftoon|Portulacaria namaquensis]]''||Namaqua porkbush||104.1
|-
|[[Wolkbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos dolomiticus]]''||Wolkberg cycad||14.4
|-
|[[Wolkbergdrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena transvaalensis]]''||Wolkberg dragon tree||30.10
|-
|[[Wollerige baakhout]]||''[[Greyia radlkoferi]]''||Transvaal bottlebrush||445
|-
|[[Wollerige broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos heenanii]]''||Woolly cycad||14.1
|-
|[[Wollerige geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia woodii]]'' ||Woolly wild laburnum ||219.5
|-
|[[Wollerige kapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis tomentosa]]''||Woolly caperbush||130.1
|-
|[[Wolwedoring]] ||''[[Lycium oxycarpum]]''||Karoo honey-thorn||669.1
|-
|[[Wolwegifboom]] ||''[[Hyaenanche globosa]]''||Hyaena poison||319
|-
|[[Wonderboomvy]]||''[[Ficus salicifolia]]''||Wild rubber fig||60
|-
|[[Wonderkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora buruxa]]''||Wonder corkwoord||272.5
|-
|[[Wonderplant]] ||''[[Tinospora fragosa]]''||Marvel creeper||104.9
|-
|[[Wonderstok]] ||''[[Tinospora tenera]]''||Marvel-creeper||104.10
|-
|[[Woodbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos woodii]]''||Wood's giant-cycad||14
|-
|[[Worsboom]]||''[[Kigelia africana]]''||Sausage tree||678
|-
|[[Wortelboommahonie]] ||''[[Xylocarpus granatum]]'' ||Mangrove mahogany ||294.5
|-
|[[Wurmbasvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia anthelmintica]]''||Worm-bark false-thorn||150
|-
|[[Wyliespoortaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe angelica]]''||Wyliespoort aloe||28.4
|-
|[[Ysterhout]]||''[[Olea capensis]]''||Black ironwood||618
|-
|[[Ystermartiens]] ||''[[Laurophyllus capensis]]''||Iron martin||366
|-
|[[Zambeziboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum celastroides]]'' ||Zambezi bushwillow ||533.8
|-
|[[Zambezikanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea zambesica]]'' ||Zambezi honeysuckletree ||297.1
|-
|[[Zambezikiaat]]||''[[Baikiaea plurijuga]]''||Zambezi-teak||206
|-
|[[Zambeziboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum celastroides]]'' ||Zambezi bushwillow ||533.8
|-
|[[Zambezikaree]] ||''[[Searsia lucens]]''||Zambezi karee||388.2
|-
|[[Zambezivalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha ornata]]'' ||Zambezi false-nettle ||335.6
|-
|[[Zimbabwe-aalwyn]]||[[Zimbabwe-aalwyn|''Aloe excelsa'' var. ''excelsa'']]||Zimbabwe aloe||28.8
|-
|[[Zoeloekersielemoen]]||''[[Vepris trichocarpa]]''||Zulu cherry-orange||263
|-
|[[Zoeloekiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia zuluensis]]'' ||Zulu cabbage-tree ||561
|-
|[[Zoeloelukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus latifolius]]''||Zulu loquat||696.1
|-
|[[Zoeloemelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara concolor]]''||Zulu milkberry||586
|-
|[[Zoeloepeulbessie]]||''[[Dialium schlechteri]]'' ||Zulu podberry ||211
|-
|[[Zoeloevalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia suluensis]]''||Zulu false-thorn||156
|}
{{clear}}
== Bronne ==
* [http://www.treetags.co.za/indigenous-south-african-trees/numbered-FSA-tree-species-list-19-april-2010.pdf Treetags.co.za: Numbered Tree Species List in South Africa, April 2010]
* [http://www.ispotnature.org/TreesSA iSpot: South African Tree Common Names] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621164532/http://www.ispotnature.org/TreesSA |date=21 Junie 2017 }}
* [http://pza.sanbi.org/ SANBI: PlantZAfrica]
* [http://iscantree.co.za/catalogue/ iScanTree: Tree List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706150132/http://iscantree.co.za/catalogue/ |date= 6 Julie 2017 }}
* [https://books.google.co.za/books?id=RFNcAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:ISBN1770078320 Watter Boom Is Dit?, Eugene Moll, Penguin Random House South Africa, 2013]{{Dooie skakel|date=Augustus 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://redlist.sanbi.org/index.php SANBI: Rooilys van Suid-Afrikaanse Plante]
* [https://www.wits.ac.za/media/migration/files/cs-38933-fix/migrated-pdf/pdfs-1/trcflist.pdf Recommended English names for South African Trees, Universiteit van die Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]
* [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9781868259229 Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa, Braam Van Wyk en Piet Van Wyk, 1997]
* [https://pilanesbergsafaris.com/useful_info_tree.php Trees of the Pilanesberg National Park]
* [https://www.sanbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/saprotectedtrees2011.pdf List of Protected Tree Species under the National Forests Act (Wet nr 84 van 1998)]
== Sien ook ==
* [[Bas]]
* [[Blaar]]
* [[Boom]]
* [[Lys van indringerplante in Suid-Afrika]]
* [[Lys van uitheemse bome wat in Suid-Afrika voorkom]]
[[Kategorie:Bome van Afrika| ]]
[[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse lyste|Bome, alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Lyste van plantspesies]]
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{multiple image2
| align = left
| direction = horizontal
| total_width = 900
| footer =
| image1 = Vachellia xanthophloea 20D 3046.jpg
| alt1 = Koorsboom
| caption1 = [[Koorsboom]]
| image2 = Southafrica428yellowwood.jpg
| alt2 = Outeniekwageelhout
| caption2 = [[Outeniekwageelhout|Outenikwa-geelhout]]
| image3 = Vachellia karroo 1947.jpg
| alt3 = Soetdoring
| caption3 = [[Soetdoring]]
| image4 = Tarchonanthus camphoratus 1DS-II 3-4583.jpg
| alt4 = Kanferbos
| caption4 = [[Kanferbos]]
| image5 = Olinia emarginata 1DS-II 0056.jpg
| alt5 = Berghardepeer
| caption5 = [[Berghardepeer]]
| image6 = Cyathea dregei00.jpg
| alt6 = Grasveldboomvaring
| caption6 = [[Grasveldboomvaring|Grasveld-boomvaring]]
| image7 = Cussonia paniculata, habitus, Phalandingwe, a.jpg
| alt7 = Hoëveldkiepersol
| caption7 = [[Hoëveldkiepersol]]
}}{{-}}
Hier volg ’n sorteerbare lys van [[inheems]]e [[boom|bome]] van Suider-Afrika met hulle FSA-nommers:
{| border="1" align="left" class="wikitable sortable"
!Afrikaanse naam!!Botaniese naam!!Engelse naam!!FSA-nommer
|-
|[[Aartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus reticulatus]]''||Potato bush||311
|-
|[[Abiekwasgeelhout]]||''[[Tamarix usneoides]]''||Wild tamarisk||487
|-
|[[Afrikabloubessie]]||''[[Vaccinium exul]]''||Transvaal cranberry||571
|-
|[[Afrikageelmelkhout]]||''[[Garcinia livingstonei]]''||Lowveld mangosteen||486
|-
|[[Afrikaharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa reticulata]]''||Bushveld resin tree||376
|-
|[[Afrikahondsroos]]||''[[Xylotheca kraussiana]]''||African dog-rose||493
|-
|[[Afrikamoerbei]]||''[[Afromorus mesozygia]]''||African mulberry||44
|-
|[[Afrikasoetlemoen]] ||''[[Maclura africana]]'' || Thorny mulberry ||44.1
|-
|[[Afrikasterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia africana]]''||African star-chestnut||474
|-
|[[Afrikawaaierpalm]]||''[[Borassus aethiopum]]''||Selati palm||25
|-
|[[Akkerjakkalsbessie]]||''[[Diospyros natalensis]]''||Small-leaved jackal-berry||607
|-
|[[Albaniebroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos latifrons]]'' ||Albany cycad ||7
|-
|[[Albanierooibostee]] ||''[[Aspalathus teres]]'' ||Albany rooibos tea ||225.9
|-
|[[Albinobessie]]||''[[Aphloia theiformis]]''||Albino-berry ||505
|-
|[[Anaboom]]||''[[Faidherbia albida]]''||Ana tree||159
|-
|[[Angolabrandnetel]] ||''[[Obetia carruthersiana]]'' ||Angola nettle ||69
|-
|[[Angolakiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia angolensis]]'' ||Angola cabbage-tree ||560.5
|-
|[[Angolavingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex angolensis]]'' ||Angola fingerleaf ||659.1
|-
|[[Angolawolftoon]] ||''[[Angolawolftoon|Portulacaria carrissoana]]'' ||Angola porkbush ||103.10
|-
|[[Anysbergsterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia conifera]]'' ||Anysberg startree ||145.5
|-
|[[Apiesdoring]]||''[[Senegalia galpinii]]''||Monkey thorn||166
|-
|[[Apiespeul]]||''[[Senna petersiana]]''||Monkeypod||213
|-
|[[Appelblaar]]||''[[Philenoptera violacea]]''||Apple leaf||238
|-
|[[Assegaai (boom)]]||''[[Curtisia dentata]]''||Assegai bush||570
|-
|[[Baardbessie]] ||''[[Searsia incisa]]'' ||Rubrub-berry ||385
|-
|[[Baardboomheide]] ||''[[Erica triflora]]'' || Bearded tree erica ||575
|-
|[[Barbertonbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta barbertonensis]]'' ||Barberton brides-bush ||716.2
|-
|[[Barbertonse bergsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea comptonii]]'' ||Saddleback sugarbush ||88
|-
|[[Barbertonse broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos paucidentatus]]'' ||Barberton cycad ||11
|-
|[[Basboom]]||''[[Dais cotinifolia]]''||Pompon tree||521
|-
|[[Basboontjie]]||''[[Elephantorrhiza burkei]]''||Sumach bean<br /> Elephantroot||193
|-
|[[Basterkokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron pillansii]]'' ||Bastard quiver tree ||30
|-
|[[Basterkreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum patersonii]]'' ||Silver-edge pincushion ||85
|-
|[[Basterstinkhout]] ||''[[Ocotea kenyensis]]'' ||Mock stinkwood ||119
|-
|[[Bastersuikerappel]] ||''[[Hexalobus monopetalus]]'' ||Shakama plum ||106
|-
|[[Bastersuurpruim]] of [[Bastersuurpruim|kleinvalssuurpruim]] ||''[[Olax dissitiflora]]'' ||Bastard sourplum ||101
|-
|[[Bastertambotie]] ||''[[Cleistanthus schlechteri]]''||False tamboti||320
|-
|[[Bastervy]] ||''[[Trilepisium madagascariense]]'' ||Bastard fig ||45
|-
|[[Baviaanskloofseder]]||''[[Widdringtonia schwarzii]]'' ||Willowmore cedar||21
|-
|[[Bedfordbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cycadifolius]]'' ||Bedford cycad ||14.14
|-
|[[Beesganna]] ||''[[Salsola arborea]]''||Cattle ganna ||103.2
|-
|[[Bergaalwyn]] ||[[Bergaalwyn|''Aloe marlothii'' subsp. ''marlothii'']] ||Mountain aloe||29.5
|-
|[[Bergbamboes]] ||''[[Bergbambos tessellata]]'' ||Drakensberg bamboo ||21.5
|-
|[[Bergbas]] ||''[[Osyris lanceolata]]'' ||Rock tannin bush ||100
|-
|[[Bergbrandnetel]] ||''[[Obetia tenax]]'' ||Mountain nettle ||70
|-
|[[Bergdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium kuntzeanum]]'' ||Mountain turkey-berry ||708.1
|-
|[[Bergfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea angustifolia]]'' ||Mountain fountain-bush ||226.15
|-
|[[Berggeelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia sericea]]'' ||Mountain wild laburnum ||219.4
|-
|[[Bergghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea coriacea]]'' ||Mountain guarri ||593
|-
|[[Berghardepeer]] ||''[[Olinia emarginata]]''||Mountain hard-pear<br />Transvaal hard-pear||514
|-
|[[Bergkaree]] ||''[[Searsia leptodictya]]'' ||Mountain karree||387
|-
|[[Bergkoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia divaricata]]'' || Mountain kuni-bush ||381.2
|-
|[[Bergmahonie]] ||''[[Entandrophragma caudatum]]''||Mountain mahogany||293
|-
|[[Bergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia phillipsii]]'' ||Mountain ricebush ||145.13
|-
|[[Bergsalie]] ||''[[Buddleja loricata]]'' ||Mountain Sagewood ||636.2
|-
|[[Bergsering]] ||''[[Kirkia wilmsii]]''||Mountain seringa||269
|-
|[[Bergsipres]] ||''[[Widdringtonia nodiflora]]''||Mountain cypress||20
|-
|[[Bergtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. integrifolia]]'' ||Mountain firethorn currant ||392.3
|-
|[[Bergvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena rotundata]]'' ||Mountain silver-oak ||730
|-
|[[Bergverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera frutescens]]''||Mountain Indigo ||226.3
|-
|[[Bergwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella microbracteata]]'' ||Mountain waxberry ||37.2
|-
|[[Bergwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria parvifolia]]'' ||Mountain wild-medlar ||703
|-
|[[Bergwildepiesang]] ||''[[Strelitzia caudata]]''||Transvaal wild banana||33
|-
|[[Bergwitboom]] ||''[[Ehretia alba]]''||White Puzzle-bush||655.5
|-
|[[Besembos]] ||''[[Searsia erosa]]'' ||Broom karee ||383
|-
|[[Besemkraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia fastigiata]]'' ||Broom currant ||383.1
|-
|[[Besemtrosvy]]||''[[Ficus sur]]''||Broom cluster fig||50
|-
|[[Bietou]] ||''[[Osteospermum moniliferum]]'' ||Bush tickberry ||736.1
|-
|[[Bitteraalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe ferox]]'' ||Bitter aloe ||29.2
|-
|[[Bitterblaar]]||''[[Brachylaena elliptica]]''||Bitter leaf||725
|-
|[[Bitterkaree]] ||''[[Searsia marlothii]]'' ||Bitter karee ||389.2
|-
|[[Bittervalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia amara]]''||Bitter false-thorn||149
|-
|[[Blaarbessie]] ||''[[Tapura fischeri]]'' ||Leafberry ||304
|-
|[[Blaasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia luederitzii var. retinens]]'' ||Balloon thorn ||174.1
|-
|[[Bladdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia fleckii]]'' ||Blade thorn ||165
|-
|[[Bleekbassoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia natalitia]]'' ||Pale-bark sweet thorn ||172.1
|-
|[[Blinkblaar]]||''[[Rhamnus prinoides]]''||Dogwood||452
|-
|[[Blinkblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora schimperi]]''||Glossy-leaved corkwood||287
|-
|[[Blinkblaarsuurbessie]] ||''[[Dovyalis lucida]]'' ||Glossy-leaved bitterberry ||508
|-
|[[Blinkblaar-wag-’n-bietjie]]||''[[Ziziphus mucronata]]''||Buffalo-thorn||447
|-
|[[Blinkblaarwitessenhout]]||''[[Bersama lucens]]''||Glossy white ash||439
|-
|[[Blinkbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta kotzei]]''||Glossy Forest Brides-bush||717.3
|-
|[[Blinkfluweelkaree]] ||''[[Searsia quartiniana]]'' ||Glossy velvet karee ||393
|-
|[[Blinkhardebos]] ||''[[Phylica oleifolia]]'' ||Glossy hard-leaf ||453.3
|-
|[[Blinktaaibos]]||''[[Searsia lucida]]''||Glossy wild currant||388.1
|-
|[[Bloedhoutbos]] ||''[[Haematoxylum dinteri]]'' ||Bloodwood-bush ||213.6
|-
|[[Blombos]] ||''[[Metalasia densa]]'' ||Common flowerbush ||735.4
|-
|[[Blosendesuikerbos]] of [[Blosendesuikerbos|pienksuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea stokoei]]'' ||Pink sugarbush ||97.5
|-
|[[Bloubaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora caerulea]]'' ||Blue-barked corkwood ||272.1
|-
|[[Bloubitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos usambarensis]]''||Blue bitterberry||631
|-
|[[Bloublaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora glaucescens]]'' ||Blue-leaved corkwood ||276
|-
|[[Bloublaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia glaucophylla]]'' ||Blue-leaved spike-thorn ||399.6
|-
|[[Bloublaarrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna glauca]]'' ||Blue-leaved plane ||479.3
|-
|[[Bloublaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua decumbens]]'' ||Blue-leaved spiderbush ||133.2
|-
|[[Bloubos]]||''[[Diospyros lycioides]]''||Karoo bluebush||605.2
|-
|[[Bloubotterboom]] ||''[[Tylecodon paniculatus subsp. glaucus]]'' ||Blue botterboom ||743
|-
|[[Bloubroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos nubimontanus]]'' ||Blue cycad ||14.9
|-
|[[Bloughwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea crispa]]''||Mountain guarri||594
|-
|[[Blouhaak]] ||''[[Senegalia erubescens]]''||Blue thorn||164
|-
|[[Blouheuningbos]] ||''[[Freylinia tropica]]'' ||Blue honeybells ||670.3
|-
|[[Bloukoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia glauca]]'' ||Blue kuni-bush ||383.2
|-
|[[Bloulourier]] ||''[[Cryptocarya angustifolia]]'' ||Blue laurel ||112
|-
|[[Baardsuikerbos]] ||''[[Baardsuikerbos|Protea neriifolia]]'' ||Blue sugarbush ||93.1
|-
|[[Blousuurpruim]] ||[[Blousuurpruim|''Ximenia americana'' var. ''america'']] ||Blue sourplum||101.5
|-
|[[Bloutaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia zeyheri]]'' ||Blue crowberry ||396.1
|-
|[[Bloutolbos]] ||''[[Diospyros pallens]]'' ||Blue star-apple ||607.3
|-
|[[Blyderivierbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cupidus]]'' ||Blyde River cycad ||14.13
|-
|[[Blydesuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea laetans]]'' ||Blyde sugarbush ||90.4
|-
|[[Bobbejaankoolbos]] ||''[[Othonna triplinervia]]'' ||Three-veined othonna ||741
|-
|[[Bobbejaankos]] ||''[[Stangeria eriopus]]'' ||Natal grass cycad ||14.21
|-
|[[Boesmansgif]]||''[[Acokanthera oppositifolia]]''||Common poison-bush||639
|-
|[[Boesmansrivierbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos trispinosus]]'' ||Bushman's River cycad ||14.18
|-
|[[Boesmanstee]]||''[[Catha edulis]]''||Bushman's tea||404
|-
|[[Bokbitterappel]] ||''[[Solanum aculeastrum]]''||Goat-apple||669.3
|-
|[[Bokkeveldpoppiesbos]] ||''[[Paranomus bracteolaris]]'' ||Smooth-leaved tree-sceptre ||72.3
|-
|[[Boomaalwyn]]||''[[Aloidendron barberae]]''||Tree aloe||28
|-
|[[Boomranknetel]] ||''[[Urera trinervis]]'' ||tree climbing-nettle ||70.1
|-
|[[Borselaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe rupestris]]'' ||Bottlebrush aloe ||30.3
|-
|[[Bosappelblaar]]||''[[Philenoptera sutherlandii]]''||Forest appleleaf||228
|-
|[[Bosbeesklou]]||''[[Bauhinia tomentosa]]''||Bush neat's foot||208.1
|-
|[[Bosblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya tiliacea]]'' ||Forest wildpear ||472
|-
|[[Bosboerboon]]||''[[Schotia latifolia]]''||Forest boerbean||204
|-
|[[Bosboomvaring]]||''[[Gymnosphaera capensis]]''||Forest tree fern||2
|-
|[[Bosbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta inandensis]]'' ||Forest bride’s bush ||718
|-
|[[Bosdoringklipels]]||''[[Canthium inerme]]''||Common turkey-berry||708
|-
|[[Bosgeelmelkhout]]||''[[Garcinia gerrardii]]''||Forest mangosteen||485
|-
|[[Boshardepeer]]||''[[Olinia radiata]]''||Forest hard-pear||515
|-
|[[Bosjakkalskoffie]]||''[[Tricalysia capensis]]''||Forest jackal-coffee||698
|-
|[[Bosjesmansbrood]] ||''[[Encephalartos afer]]'' ||Grahamstown cycad ||14.11
|-
|[[Boskamhout]]||''[[Baphia racemosa]]''||Natal camwood||224
|-
|[[Boskanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada procera]]'' ||Forest canaryberry ||339
|-
|[[Boskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora woodii]]''||Forest corkwood||291
|-
|[[Boskasieboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum padoides]]'' ||Thicket bushwillow ||534.1
|-
|[[Boskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia thunbergia]]''||Forest gardena<br />White gardenia||692
|-
|[[Boskiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia sphaerocephala]]''||Natal forest cabbage tree||564.2
|-
|[[Bosklouterboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum edwardsii]]'' ||Forest climbing bushwillow ||534.2
|-
|[[Boskokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus deflexa]]'' ||Forest kokotree ||402.9
|-
|[[Boskoorsbessie]]||''[[Croton sylvaticus]]''||Forest fever-berry||330
|-
|[[Boskoorsboom]]||''[[Anthocleista grandiflora]]''||Forest fever tree||632
|-
|[[Boskranses]]||''[[Atalaya natalensis]]''||Natal krantz ash||429
|-
|[[Boslaventelboom]]||''[[Heteropyxis canescens]]''||Forest lavender tree||454
|-
|[[Boslepelhout]]||''[[Cassine peragua]]''||Mountain saffron||414
|-
|[[Bosmelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara discolor]]''||Forest milkberry||588
|-
|[[Bosmelkhout]]||''[[Vitellariopsis marginata]]''||Natal bush milkwood||590
|-
|[[Bosmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia natalitia]]''||Common forest myrtle||553.2
|-
|[[Bosnanabessie]] ||''[[Searsia grandidens]]''||Sharp-toothed currant ||381.3
|-
|[[Bosolienhout]]||''[[Olea woodiana]]''||Forest olive||620
|-
|[[Bospaddaboom]]||''[[Tabernaemontana ventricosa]]''||Forest toad tree||645
|-
|[[Bospeper]] of [[Bospeper|wildepeper]] ||''[[Piper capense]]'' ||Wild pepper ||34.5
|-
|[[Bosperske]]||''[[Rawsonia lucida]]''||Forest peach||491
|-
|[[Bospoubessie]]||''[[Margaritaria discoidea var. fagifolia]]''||Forest peacockberry||310
|-
|[[Bosrooiessenhout]]||''[[Trichilia dregeana]]''||Forest mahogany||300
|-
|[[Bosrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna arborea var. oconnorii]]'' ||Forest plane ||482
|-
|[[Bosrooimelkhout]]||''[[Mimusops obovata]]''||Red milkwood||584
|-
|[[Bosrooivingers]] ||''[[Xylopia gracilipes]]'' ||Forest redfingers ||109
|-
|[[Bosrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia lasiocarpa]]''||Forest raisin||461
|-
|[[Bossaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron croceum]]''||Small-leaved saffron||415
|-
|[[Bosstamvrug]]||''[[Chrysophyllum viridifolium]]''||Fluted milkwood||580
|-
|[[Bostaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia chirindensis]]''||Red currant||380
|-
|[[Bosvaalbos]] ||[[Bosvaalbos|''Brachylaena discolor'' var. ''transvaalensis'']] ||Woodland silver oak||731
|-
|[[Bosvaderlandswilg]] ||''[[Combretum kraussii]]''||Forest bushwillow||540
|-
|[[Bosvalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha glabrata]]''||Forest mock nettle||335.1
|-
|[[Bosvalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia verrucosa]]'' ||False forest spikethorn ||403.2
|-
|[[Bosveldboekenhout]] ||''[[Faurea saligna]]''||Transvaal beech||75
|-
|[[Bosveldhalfmaanranker]] ||''[[Cocculus hirsutus]]'' || Python climber ||104.6
|-
|[[Bosveldharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa paniculosa]]''||Broad-leaved resin tree||375
|-
|[[Bosveldkandelaarnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia cooperi]]''||Bushveld candelabra tree||346
|-
|[[Bosveldkatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia volkensii]]''||Transvaal gardenia||691.1
|-
|[[Bosveldklipels]]||''[[Psydrax livida]]''||Green quar||713
|-
|[[Bosveldpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia mossambicensis]]'' ||Black forest spike-thorn ||399.10
|-
|[[Bosveldpoubessie]]||''[[Margaritaria discoidea var. nitida]]''||Bushveld peacockberry||310.1
|-
|[[Bosveldrooiklapperbos]] ||''[[Erythrophysa transvaalensis]]''||Transvaal red balloon||436.2
|-
|[[Bosveldsaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron transvaalense]]''||Condiment saffron||416
|-
|[[Bosveldvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia harveyi]]''||Common false-thorn||155
|-
|[[Bosveldwitklokke]]||''[[Rothmannia fischeri]]''||Cape gardenia||694
|-
|[[Bosveldwitysterhout]]||''[[Vepris reflexa]]''||Bushveld white ironwood||260
|-
|[[Bosverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera natalensis]]''||Forest Indigo||226.6
|-
|[[Bosvlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum paniculatum]]'' ||Forest flamecreeper ||545.3
|-
|[[Bosvlier]]||''[[Nuxia floribunda]]''||Forest elder||634
|-
|[[Bosvy]]||''[[Ficus craterostoma]]''||Forest fig||52
|-
|[[Boswaterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium gerrardii]]''||Forest waterwood||556
|-
|[[Boswitsuikerbos]] ||''[[Boswitsuikerbos|Protea mundii]]''|| Forest white sugarbush || 93
|-
|[[Bosysterpruim]]||''[[Drypetes gerrardii]]''||Forest ironplum||314
|-
|[[Botrivierheuningklokkies]] ||''[[Freylinia helmei]]'' ||Bot River honeybells ||670.6
|-
|[[Botriviersuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea compacta]]'' ||Bot River sugarbush || 87.1
|-
|[[Bottelboom]]||''[[Pachypodium lealii]]''||Bottle tree||648
|-
|[[Botterboom]]||''[[Tylecodon paniculatus]]''||Butter tree||137.1
|-
|[[Botterklapper]]||''[[Strychnos madagascariensis]]''||Black monkey orange||626
|-
|[[Braamtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia batophylla]]'' ||Bramble currant ||377.3
|-
|[[Brakdoring]] ||[[Vachellia robusta subsp. clavigera]] ||Narrow-pod robust thorn thorn ||183.1
|-
|[[Brandbergdoring]] ||[[Senegalia montis-usti]] ||Brandberg thorn ||177
|-
|[[Bredasdorpsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea obtusifolia]]'' ||Bredasdorp protea ||94
|-
|[[Breëblaarboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea rochetiana]]''||Broad-leaved beech||76
|-
|[[Breëblaarharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa obovata]]'' ||Broad-leaved resin tree ||374
|-
|[[Breëblaarkanferbos]] ||''[[Tarchonanthus trilobus var. galpinii]]'' ||Broad-leaved camphorbush ||734
|-
|[[Breëblaarklipels]] ||''[[Afrocanthium pseudorandii]]'' ||Mottled-bark rock-alder ||709.2
|-
|[[Breëblaarkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina latissima]]''||Broad-leaved coral tree||244
|-
|[[Breëblaarkweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya latifolia]]''||Broad-leaved quince||113
|-
|[[Breëblaarpluisbos]] ||''[[Lopholaena platyphylla]]'' || Broad-leaved fluff bush||738.1
|-
|[[Breëblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea eximia]]'' ||Broad-leaf sugarbush ||88.3
|-
|[[Breëblaarveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne ovalifolia]]''||Broad-leaved fibre-bush ||517.5
|-
|[[Breëblaarwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella pilulifera]]'' ||Broad-leaved waxberry ||37
|-
|[[Breëblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia mossambicensis]]'' ||Broad-leaved shepherd tree ||127
|-
|[[Breekhout]]||''[[Alberta magna]]''||Magnificent flame bush||701
|-
|[[Breëpeulvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia forbesii]]''||Broad-pod false-thorn<br />Broad-pod albizia||154
|-
|[[Breëriviergeelhout]]||''[[Podocarpus elongatus]]''||Breede River yellowwood||15
|-
|[[Brosblaar]]||''[[Galpinia transvaalica]]''||Transvaal privet||523
|-
|[[Brosdoring]] ||''[[Phaeoptilum spinosum]]'' ||Brittle thorn ||103.7
|-
|[[Bruinaalwyn]] of [[Bruinaalwyn|wolkbergaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe dolomitica]]'' of ook soms ''[[Aloe vryheidensis]]'' ||Brown aloe<br />Wolkberg aloe ||29.1
|-
|[[Bruinivoor]]||''[[Berchemia discolor]]''||Brown ivory||449
|-
|[[Bruinstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora giessii]]'' ||Brown-stemmed corkwood || 275.5
|-
|[[Bruinysterhout]] ||''[[Homalium dentatum]]''||Brown ironwood||501
|-
|[[Bubuvy]] ||''[[Ficus bubu]]'' ||Bubu fig ||56
|-
|[[Buig-my-nie]]||''[[Buxus macowanii]]''||Cape box||358
|-
|[[Bukshardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica buxifolia]]'' ||Box hard-leaf ||453.1
|-
|[[Clanwilliamaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe comosa]]'' ||Clanwilliam aloe ||28.7
|-
|[[Clanwilliamseder]]||''[[Widdringtonia cedarbergensis]]''||Clanwilliam cedar||19
|-
|[[Damarakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora crenato-serrata]]'' ||Damara corkwood ||274
|-
|[[Delagoadoring]]||''[[Senegalia welwitschii]]''||Delagoa thorn<br />Hairy umbrella thorn||163
|-
|[[Deurmekaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia rigida]]''||Puzzle bush||657
|-
|[[Dikbas]]||''[[Lannea discolor]]''||Live-long||362
|-
|[[Dikblaarbosmirt]] ||''[[Eugenia umtamvunensis]]'' ||Thick-leaved myrtleberry ||553.6
|-
|[[Dikblaargroenappel]] ||''[[Monodora junodii|Monodora junodii var. macrantha]]'' ||Thick-leave green-apple ||107.2
|-
|[[Disseldoring]] ||''[[Berkheya chamaepeuce]]'' ||Tree thistle thorn ||742
|-
|[[Donkievy]] ||''[[Mestoklema arboriforme]]'' ||Donkey mesemb ||103.6
|-
|[[Donsiebos]] ||''[[Senecio barbertonicus]]'' || Barberton groundsel ||738.5
|-
|[[Dopperkiaat]]||''[[Pterocarpus rotundifolius]]''||Round-leaved teak||237
|-
|[[Doppruim]]||''[[Pappea capensis]]''||Jacket-plum||433
|-
|[[Doringbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos horridus]]'' ||Eastern Cape blue cycad ||14.15
|-
|[[Doringkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora glandulosa]]''||Tall common corkwood||285.1
|-
|[[Doringkatjiepiering]]||''[[Hyperacanthus amoenus]]''||Thorny gardenia||690
|-
|[[Doringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium spinosum]]'' ||Thorny turkeyberry ||707
|-
|[[Doringolm]]||''[[Chaetacme aristata]]''||Thorny elm||43
|-
|[[Doringpeer]]||''[[Scolopia zeyheri]]''||Thorn pear||498
|-
|[[Doringrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca berberidea]]''||Prickly redberry||332.1
|-
|[[Doringtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia longispina]]'' ||Spiny currant ||388
|-
|[[Doringvalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha sonderiana]]'' ||Thorny false nettle ||335.2
|-
|[[Dorinkiedoring]] ||''[[Senegalia brevispica subsp. dregeana]]'' ||Prickly thorn ||160.2
|-
|[[Dorre haakdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia hereroensis]]'' ||Arid hook thorn ||171
|-
|[[Drakensbergboomheide]] ||''[[Erica dracomontana]]'' || Dragon heath ||574.2
|-
|[[Drakensbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ghellinckii]]''||Drakensberg cycad ||5
|-
|[[Drakensbergkaree]] ||''[[Searsia montana]]'' ||Drakensberg karee ||384.1
|-
|[[Drakensbergpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia devenishii]]'' ||Drakensberg spike-thorn ||399.5
|-
|[[Drakensbergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia repens]]'' ||Drakensberg ricebush ||145.15
|-
|[[Driedoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum trichotomum]]'' ||Three-thorn rhigozum ||676.1
|-
|[[Driehaakdoring]]||''[[Senegalia senegal var. rostrata]]''||Bushy three-hooked thorn||185.1
|-
|[[Drietandkanferbos]]||''[[Tarchonanthus trilobus]]''||Trident camphortree||735
|-
|[[Dubbelkroonboom]]||''[[Julbernardia globiflora]]''||African munondo||207.1
|-
|[[Duikerbessie]] ||''[[Sclerocroton integerrimus]]'' ||Duiker-berry tallow-tree||343
|-
|[[Duinbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos arenarius]]'' ||Alexandria cycad ||3.2
|-
|[[Duinebessie]] ||''[[Muraltia scoparia]]'' ||Duneberry ||303.3
|-
|[[Duinebruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta revoluta]]''||Dune bride's bush||720
|-
|[[Duineganna]] ||''[[Duineganna|Salsola nollothensis]]'' ||Dune ganna ||103.9
|-
|[[Duinegeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron coniferum]]'' ||Dune conebush ||82
|-
|[[Duineghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea racemosa]]''||Dune guarri<br />Sea guarri||599.3
|-
|[[Duinegifboom]] ||''[[Acokanthera oblongifolia]]'' ||Dune poison-bush||638
|-
|[[Duinekokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus procumbens]]'' ||Dune koko tree ||401.1
|-
|[[Duinekraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia crenata]]'' ||Dune crowberry ||380.1
|-
|[[Duinekriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium ferocissimum]]'' ||Dune honeythorn ||669.11
|-
|[[Duinemirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia capensis]]''||Dune myrtle||553.1
|-
|[[Duine-olienhout]] ||''[[Olea exasperata]]'' ||Dune olive ||619
|-
|[[Duinependoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia arenicola]]'' ||Dune spike-thorn ||399.4
|-
|[[Duineseepbessie]]||''[[Deinbollia oblongifolia]]''||Dune soap-berry||430
|-
|[[Duinesoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia kosiensis]]'' ||Dune sweet thorn ||172.2
|-
|[[Duinesterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros rotundifolia]]'' ||Dune star-apple ||608
|-
|[[Duinesuurbessie]] ||''[[Dovyalis rotundifolia]]'' ||Dune sourberry ||510
|-
|[[Duinesybas]]||''[[Robsonodendron maritimum]]'' ||Dune mock silky-bark ||413.1
|-
|[[Duinetaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia laevigata]]'' ||Dune currant ||385.2
|-
|[[Duinevalstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus natalensis]]''||Dune false currant||426
|-
|[[Duinewasbessie]] ||''[[Morella cordifolia]]'' ||Dune waxberry ||37.1
|-
|[[Dunblaarfonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea glabra]]'' || Narrow-leaf fountain-bush ||226.9
|-
|[[Dwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis afra]]'' ||Dwababerry ||107.1
|-
|[[Dwergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos humilis]]'' ||Dwarf cycad ||14.16
|-
|[[Dwergpruimbas]] ||''[[Osyris speciosa]]'' ||Cape sumach ||100.1
|-
|[[Dwergvy]] ||''[[Ficus pygmaea]]'' || Dwarf fig ||50.2
|-
|[[Dwergwolftoon]] ||''[[Dwergwolftoon|Portulacaria fruticulosa]]'' ||Dwarf porkbush ||104.2
|-
|[[Ebbehoutghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea pseudebenus]]''||Ebony tree<br />Black ebony||598
|-
|[[Ebutsinidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia ebutsiniorum]]'' ||Ebutsini thorn ||163.5
|-
|[[Eikeblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora wildii]]'' ||Oak-leaved corkwoord ||290.1
|-
|[[Enkelblaarkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia natalensis]]''||Rock cabbage tree||562
|-
|[[Enkeldoring]]||''[[Vachellia robusta]] subps. robusta''||Ankle thorn<br />Splendid thorn<br />Brack thorn<br />Broad-pod robust thorn||183
|-
|[[Enkeldoringnoemnoem]]||''[[Carissa spinarum]]''||Simple-spine carissa<br />Conkerberry<br />Arabian num-num||640.4
|-
|[[Enkelgroendoring]]||''[[Balanites aegyptiaca]]''||Desert date<br />Egyptian balsam||251.1
|-
|[[Ertjiehout]] ||''[[Craibia zimmermannii]]'' ||Peawood ||229
|-
|[[Essenhout]]||''[[Ekebergia capensis]]''||Cape ash||298
|-
|[[Fluweelboswilg]]||''[[Combretum molle]]''||Velvet bushwillow||537
|-
|[[Fluweelkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora mollis]]''||Velvet corkwood||280
|-
|[[Fluweelkaree]] ||''[[Searsia engleri]]'' ||Velvet karee ||382
|-
|[[Fluweelklipels]]||''[[Afrocanthium gilfillanii]]''||Velvet rockalder||706
|-
|[[Fluweelrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca menyharthii]]''||Velvet redberry||332.3
|-
|[[Fluweelsoetbessie]]||''[[Bridelia mollis]]''||Velvet sweetberry||325
|-
|[[Fluweelvrughardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica purpurea]]'' ||Velvet-fruited/hardleaf ||453.5
|-
|[[Fluweelvrugzanha]]||''[[Zanha africana]]''||Velvet-fruit zanha||438.5
|-
|[[Fonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea aphylla]]'' || Leafless fountain-bush ||226.8
|-
|[[Fransaalwyn]]||''[[Aloe pluridens]]''||French aloe||30.1
|-
|[[Fynbauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia natalensis]]''||Dainty bauhinia||208.5
|-
|[[Fynbitterblaar]]||''[[Brachylaena ilicifolia]]''||Small bitter-leaf||728
|-
|[[Fynblaarboerboon]] ||''[[Schotia afra var. angustifolia]]'' ||Small-leaved boerbean||201.1
|-
|[[Fynblaarbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta zeyheri]]'' ||Small-leaved bride’s bush ||722
|-
|[[Fynblaarbruinysterhout]] ||''[[Homalium rufescens]]'' ||Small-leaved brown-ironwood||502
|-
|[[Fynblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kraeuseliana]]'' ||Feather-leaved corkwoord ||277.5
|-
|[[Fynblaarrooihout]]||''[[Ochna serrulata]]''||Small-leaved plane||479.1
|-
|[[Fynblaarwildemoerbei]]||''[[Trimeria trinervis]] ||Small-leaved wild mulberry||504
|-
|[[Fynbossterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros glabra]]'' ||Blueberry bush ||603.1
|-
|[[Fyndoring]] ||''[[Vachellia tenuispina]]'' ||Turf thorn ||187.3
|-
|[[Gamtooskiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia gamtoosensis]]'' ||Gamtoos cabbage tree||565.2
|-
|[[Gannabos]] of [[Gannabos|seepganna]] ||''[[Salsola aphylla]]'' ||Lye ganna ||103.3
|-
|[[Gariepbauhinia]]||''[[Adenolobus garipensis]]''||Blue neat's foot||208
|-
|[[Gariepharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa namaquensis]]''||Gariep resin tree ||373.2
|-
|[[Gariepkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora gariepensis]]'' ||Gariep corkwoord ||275.3
|-
|[[Gariepkaree]] ||''[[Searsia populifolia]]'' ||Gariep karee ||391.1
|-
|[[Garieppendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia gariepensis]]'' ||Gariep spike-thorn ||401.5
|-
|[[Garieppronkstert]] ||''[[Gelrebia bracteata]]'' ||Gariep plumeflower ||214.1
|-
|[[Gariepsmalblaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia linearis subsp. lanceolata]]'' ||Gariep narrow-leaved spike-thorn ||401.10
|-
|[[Geelbauhinia]] ||''[[Bauhinia tomentosa]]'' ||Yellow bauhinia ||208.1
|-
|[[Geelbitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos mitis]]'' ||Yellow bitterberry ||627
|-
|[[Geelblomvoëlbessie]]||''[[Psychotria capensis]]''||Bird-berry||723
|-
|[[Geeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum obovatum]]'' ||Yellow pomegranate ||675
|-
|[[Geelhout]]||''[[Podocarpus latifolius]]''||Real yellowwood||18
|-
|[[Geelkeurboom]]||''[[Calpurnia aurea]]''||Natal laburnum||219
|-
|[[Geelpapierkelk]]||''[[Monotes glaber]]''||Palefruit monotes||486.5
|-
|[[Geelpistoolbos]] ||''[[Justicia aconitiflora]]'' ||Lemon pistol-bush ||681.2
|-
|[[Geelskulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria citrina]]'' ||Yellow shell-flower bush ||672.1
|-
|[[Geelsuikerbos]] of [[Geelsuikerbos|geelsuikerkan]] ||[[Geelsuikerbos|''Protea aurea'' subsp. ''aurea'']] ||Common shuttlecock sugarbush ||90.3
|-
|[[Geelwortelboom]]||''[[Steganotaenia araliacea]]''||Carrot tree||569
|-
|[[Geneesblaarboom]] ||''[[Solanum giganteum]]''||Healing-leaf tree||669.4
|-
|[[Gewone bruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta gardeniifolia var. gardeniifolia]]'' ||Common bride’s bush ||716
|-
|[[Gewone drolpeer]] ||''[[Dombeya rotundifolia]]''||Common wild pear||471
|-
|[[Gewone ghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea undulata]]''||Common guarri||601
|-
|[[Gewone haakdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia afra]]''||Common hook-thorn||162
|-
|[[Gewone hardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica paniculata]]''||Common hard-leaf||453.2
|-
|[[Gewone kanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada africana]]'' ||Common canaryberry ||338
|-
|[[Gewone kanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora pyracanthoides]]'' ||Firethorn corkwood ||285
|-
|[[Gewone kraaibessie]] ||''[[Searsia pentheri]]''||Common crow-berry||391
|-
|[[Gewone luisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum cuneiforme]]'' ||Wart-stemmed pincushion ||84.2
|-
|[[Gewone protea]] of [[Gewone protea|gewone suikerbos]] ||[[Gewone protea|''Protea afra'' subsp. ''afra'']]||Common sugarbush||87
|-
|[[Gewone taaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides]]''||Common wildcurrant<br />||392
|-
|[[Gewone wildekweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya transvaalensis]]'' ||Mountain wild-quince ||114
|-
|[[Gewone wildepietersieliebos]]||''[[Heteromorpha arborescens]]''||Parsley-tree<br />Parsnip-tree||568
|-
|[[Gewone wildevy]]||''[[Ficus burkei]]''||Common wild fig||48
|-
|[[Gifbergboomvygie]] ||''[[Stoeberia giftbergensis]]'' ||Gifberg tree-vygie ||756
|-
|[[Gifbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta schumanniana]]'' ||Poison bride’s bush ||721
|-
|[[Gifolyf]]||''[[Peddiea africana]]''||Poison-olive||517
|-
|[[Gifsterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros dichrophylla]] ''||Poison star-apple ||603
|-
|[[Gladblaarbaakhout]]||''[[Greyia sutherlandii]]''||Natal bottlebrush||446
|-
|[[Gladdeblaarwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria madagascariensis]]'' ||Smooth-leaved wild-medlar ||702.1
|-
|[[Gladdeblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya cymosa]]''||Natal wild pear||469
|-
|[[Gladdekola]]||''[[Cola natalensis]]''||Coshwood||478
|-
|[[Gladderankwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua juncea supsp. juncea]]'' ||Smooth climbing spiderbush ||133.6
|-
|[[Gladdeslapmispel]]||''[[Vangueria lasiantha]]''||Natal medlar||705
|-
|[[Gladdesuurpruim]] ||''[[Ximenia afra var natalensis]]'' ||Smooth-twigged sourplum ||103.1
|-
|[[Gladdeveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne subcordata]]''||Smooth fibre-bush||519
|-
|[[Glansrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia vernicosa]]''||Glossy raisinbush||463.11
|-
|[[Gordoniavalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia saxatilis]]'' ||Gordonia false spikethorn ||403.4
|-
|[[Goueklokkiesboontjieboom]] ||''[[Markhamia obtusifolia]]'' ||Golden bell-bean ||677.1
|-
|[[Gouetee]]||''[[Aspalathus pendula]]'' || Golden tea ||225.11
|-
|[[Gouevingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex patula]]'' ||Gold fingerleaf ||662
|-
|[[Granietvy]] ||[[Granietvy|''Ficus natalensis'' subsp. ''granitticola'']] ||Granite fig ||56.5
|-
|[[Graskopaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe alooides]]'' ||Graskop aloe ||28.3
|-
|[[Grasveldboomvaring]] ||''[[Cyathea dregei]]'' ||Common tree fern ||1
|-
|[[Grasveldrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna confusa]]'' ||Grassland plane ||479.4
|-
|[[Griekwakokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus ilicina]]'' ||Griqua kokotree ||398.5
|-
|[[Griekwasuurkaree]] ||''[[Searsia tridactyla]]'' ||Griqua sour karee ||394.2
|-
|[[Groefbasboomheide]] ||''[[Erica canaliculata]]'' ||Grooved-bark tree erica ||573.1
|-
|[[Groefstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora karibensis]] ''||Angular-stemmed corkwoord ||277.2
|-
|[[Groenappel]] ||''[[Monodora junodii var. junodii]]'' ||Green apple ||107
|-
|[[Groenblaarwurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba natalensis]]'' ||Green-leaved worm bush ||129.1
|-
|[[Groenblomtolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron loranthifolium]]'' ||Green-flower conebush ||81.5
|-
|[[Groendoring]]||''[[Balanites maughamii]]''||Green thorn||251
|-
|[[Groenharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa concolor]]'' ||Green resin tree ||369.1
|-
|[[Groenhofiesuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea coronata]]'' ||Green sugarbush ||91.1
|-
|[[Groenklapper]] ||''[[Strychnos spinosa]]''||Green monkey orange||629
|-
|[[Groenkreupelhout]] ||[[Groenkreupelhout|''Leucospermum conocarpodendron'' subsp. ''viridum'']] ||Green pincushion ||84.1
|-
|[[Groenstamkanniedood]]|| ''[[Commiphora neglecta]]''||Green-stem corkwood||283
|-
|[[Grootblaardrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena aletriformis]]''||Large-leaved dragon tree||30.9
|-
|[[Grootblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora anacardiifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved corkwood ||271
|-
|[[Grootblaarlaventelboom]] ||''[[Heteropyxis dehniae]]''||Large-leaved lavender tree||455.1
|-
|[[Grootblaarmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia erythrophylla]]''||Large-leaved myrtle||553.3
|-
|[[Grootblaarpieringbessie]] ||''[[Cordia africana]]''||Large-leaved saucer-berry||651
|-
|[[Grootblaarrotsvy]] ||''[[Ficus abutilifolia]]''||Large-leaved rock fig||63
|-
|[[Grootblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia grandifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved ricebush ||145.4
|-
|[[Grootblaarsekelbos]] ||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. nyassana]]''||Large-leaved sicklebush<br />African sicklebush||190.1
|-
|[[Grootblaarsterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia quinqueloba]]''||Large-leaved-chestnut||476
|-
|[[Grootblaaruiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea gummiflua]]''||Large-leaved onionwood||530
|-
|[[Grootblaarvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia versicolor]]''||Large-leaved false-thorn||158
|-
|[[Grootblomkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium amoenum]]'' ||Large-flower honeythorn ||669.6
|-
|[[Grootblompendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia putterlickioides]]'' ||Large-flowered spike-thorn ||402.1
|-
|[[Grootgeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron eucalyptifolium]]'' ||Gum-leaved conebush ||81
|-
|[[Groothaakbessie]] || ''[[Artabotrys brachypetalus]]'' ||Large hook-berry ||105.1
|-
|[[Grootmirting]] ||''[[Myrsine pillansii]]'' ||Large cape myrtle ||577.2
|-
|[[Grootnoemnoem]]||''[[Carissa macrocarpa]]''||Big num-num||640.3
|-
|[[Grootsuikerbos]] of [[Grootsuikerbos|witsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea gaguedi]]'' ||African sugarbush ||89
|-
|[[Grootvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena uniflora]]'' ||Tall silver-oak ||732
|-
|[[Grootvalsmopanie]] ||''[[Guibourtia coleosperma]]'' ||Large copalwood ||199
|-
|[[Grootvrugbospendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia grandifolia]]'' ||Large-leaved forest spike-thorn ||399.7
|-
|[[Grootvrugpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia oxycarpa]]'' ||Large-fruited spike-thorn ||401.9
|-
|[[Grootvrugtrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria lucida]]'' ||Large-fruited clusterpear ||108.2
|-
|[[Grootvrugtrosvy]] ||[[Grootvrugtrosvy|''Ficus sycomorus'' subsp. ''gnaphalocarpa'']] ||Large-fruited sycamore fig ||66.1
|-
|[[Growweblaarkatsnorbosse]] ||''[[Rotheca myricoides]]''||Blueflower tinderwood||667.1
|-
|[[Growweblaarpieringbessie]] ||''[[Cordia ovalis]]''||Satinbark saucerbush<br />Snot berry||654
|-
|[[Growweblaarstinkhout]] ||''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' ||False white stinkwood ||40
|-
|[[Growweblaartaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia refracta]]'' ||Thorny crow-berry ||389.1
|-
|[[Growwelaventelkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton menyharthii]]'' ||Rough-leaved croton ||329.2
|-
|[[Growwerankwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua juncea supsp. crustata]]'' ||Crusty climbing spiderbush ||133.5
|-
|[[Grysappel]] ||''[[Parinari curatellifolia]]'' ||Mobola plum ||146
|-
|[[Gryskokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus albata]]'' ||Grey kokotree ||401.3
|-
|[[Haak-en-steek]]||''[[Vachellia tortilis subsp. heteracantha]]''||Umbrella thorn||188
|-
|[[Halfmens]]||''[[Pachypodium namaquanum]]''||Elephant's trunk||649
|-
|[[Hangvrugkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora zanzibarica]]'' ||Pendant-fruit corkwood ||291.1
|-
|[[Hardekool]]||''[[Combretum imberbe]]''||Leadwood||539
|-
|[[Hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia ventosa]]''||Hardpear||513
|-
|[[Harige doringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium ciliatum]]'' ||Hairy turkeyberry ||709
|-
|[[Harige ghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea natalensis]]''||Natal guarri<br />Natal ebony|| 597
|-
|[[Harige haak-en-steek]]||''[[Vachellia tortilis subsp. spirocarpa]]''||Hairy umbrella thorn||188.1
|-
|[[Harige kanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora africana]]''||Hairy corkwood||270
|-
|[[Harige kusbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta bowkeri]]'' ||Hairy coastal bride’s bush ||719.1
|-
|[[Harige mirtebessie]] ||''[[Eugenia woodii]]''||Mountain myrtle||553.4
|-
|[[Harige pendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia pubescens]]'' ||Hairy spike-thorn ||402.4
|-
|[[Harige perdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum humile]]'' ||Hairy knobwood||255
|-
|[[Harige rotsvy]]||''[[Ficus glumosa]]''||Mountain fig||64
|-
|[[Harige Sekhukhunedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia robbertsei]]'' ||Hairy Sekhukhune thorn ||172.4
|-
|[[Harige septerboom]] ||''[[Paranomus tomentosus]]'' ||Hairy-leaved tree sceptre ||72.5
|-
|[[Harige witgat]] ||''[[Boscia tomentosa]]'' || Hairy shepherd's tree ||127.1
|-
|[[Harpuiskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia resiniflua]]''||Resin gardenia||690.2
|-
|[[Hartblaarvy]] ||[[Hartblaarvy|''Ficus polita'' subsp. ''polita'']] ||Heart-leaved fig ||59
|-
|[[Heideblaargeelbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron ericifolium]]'' ||Erica-leaved conebush || 80
|-
|[[Heilige Venda-bamboes]] ||''[[Oxytenanthera abyssinica]]'' ||Holy Venda bamboo ||21.6
|-
|[[Helikopterboom]]||''[[Gyrocarpus americanus]]''||Propeller tree||120
|-
|[[Hemelbesemdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia robynsiana]]'' ||Whipstick thorn ||184
|-
|[[Henkel-se-geelhout]] ||''[[Podocarpus henkelii]]''||Henkel's yellowwood||17
|-
|[[Hereroharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa hereroensis]]'' ||Herero resin tree ||371.3
|-
|[[Hererosesambos]]||''[[Sesamothamnus guerichii]]'' ||Herero sesame-bush||679
|-
|[[Heuningboomheide]] ||''[[Erica caterviflora]]'' ||Tree heath ||574
|-
|[[Heuningklokkiesbos]] ||''[[Freylinia lanceolata]]'' ||Honey bells ||670.1
|-
|[[Heuningnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia tetragona]]''||Honey euphorbia||354
|-
|[[Hikklimop]] ||''[[Combretum bracteosum]]'' ||Hiccupnut ||532.2
|-
|[[Hoedespeldlukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus pyriformis]]''||Natal wildloquat||696.2
|-
|[[Hoëveldkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia paniculata]]''||Small mountain cabbage||563.1
|-
|[[Hophout]]||''[[Trema orientalis]]''||Pigeonwood||42
|-
|[[Horingdoring]]||''[[Vachellia grandicornuta]]''||Horned thorn||168.1
|-
|[[Horingpeultjieboom]]||''[[Diplorhynchus condylocarpon]]''||Horn-pod tree||643
|-
|[[Huilboerboon]]||''[[Schotia brachypetala]]''||Weeping boerbean||202
|-
|[[Huilboom]]||''[[Peltophorum africanum]]''||Weeping wattle<br />Black wattle<br />African-wattle||215
|-
|[[Impalalelie]]||''[[Adenium multiflorum]]''||Impala lily||647.3
|-
|[[Indiese wortelboom]] ||''[[Ceriops tagal]]'' ||Indian mangrove ||525
|-
|[[iSimangaliso-wildeappelkoos]] ||''[[Dovyalis revoluta]]'' ||iSimangaliso wild apricot ||760
|-
|[[Jakkalsbessie]]||''[[Diospyros mespiliformis]]''||Jackalberry||606
|-
|[[Jankoensedoring]] ||''[[Cliffortia ilicifolia]]'' ||Holly-leaved ricebush ||145.10
|-
|[[Jasmynkatjiepiering]] ||''[[Heinsia crinita subsp. parviflora]]'' ||Jasmine-gardenia ||700.2
|-
|[[Jeukpeul]] ||''[[Cnestis polyphylla]]'' ||Itchpod ||147.1
|-
|[[Jozinibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos senticosus]]'' || Jozini cycad ||8
|-
|[[Kaapboekenhout]]||''[[Rapanea melanophloeos]]''||Cape beech||578
|-
|[[Kaapse boomheide]]||''[[Erica tristis]]''||False Cape tree heath||575.1
|-
|[[Kaapse fonteinbos]]||''[[Psoralea axillaris]]'' ||Cape fountainbush||226.16
|-
|[[Kaapse hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia capensis]]''||Hard pear||513.1
|-
|[[Kaapse kanferfoelie]]||''[[Tecoma capensis]]''||Cape honeysuckle||673.1
|-
|[[Kaapse kiaat]]||''[[Strychnos decussata]]''||Cape teak||624
|-
|[[Kaapse kokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus lucida]]'' ||Cape kokotree ||401.2
|-
|[[Kaapse kranses]]||''[[Atalaya capensis]]''||Cape krantz ash||428
|-
|[[Kaapse kuskiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia thyrsiflora]]''||Cape coast cabbage tree||565
|-
|[[Kaapse kwar]] ||''[[Psydrax capensis]]'' ||Cape quar ||747
|-
|[[Kaapse kweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya woodii]]''||Cape quince||116
|-
|[[Kaapse sterkastaiing]] ||''[[Sterculia alexandri]]'' || Cape star-chestnut ||473
|-
|[[Kaapse stokroos]]||''[[Sparrmannia africana]]''||Cape Hollyhock||457
|-
|[[Kaapse swarthout]] ||''[[Maytenus peduncularis]]'' ||Cape blackwood ||401
|-
|[[Kaapse uiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea flanaganii]]'' || Cape onionwood ||528
|-
|[[Kaapse vaderlandsboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum afrum]]'' ||Cape bushwillow ||533
|-
|[[Kaapse wildepiesang]]||''[[Strelitzia alba]]''||Cape wild banana||32
|-
|[[Kaapse witpeer]] ||''[[Apodytes geldenhuysii]]'' ||Cape White Pear ||422.2
|-
|[[Kaiingsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea glabra]]'' ||Clanwilliam sugarbush ||89.1
|-
|[[Kaapsehoopbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos laevifolius]]'' ||Kaapsehoop cycad ||6
|-
|[[Kalahari-appelblaar]] ||''[[Philenoptera nelsii]]'' ||Kalahari appleleaf||239
|-
|[[Kalaharibauhinia]] ||''[[Bauhinia macrantha]]'' ||Kalahari bauhinia||208.3
|-
|[[Kalaharidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia luederitzii var. luederitzii]]'' ||Kalahari thorn ||174
|-
|[[Kalaharigeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum brevispinosum]]'' ||Kalahari yellowthorn ||674
|-
|[[Kalahariharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa schinzii]]'' || Kalahari resin tree ||376.5
|-
|[[Kalaharikoedoebessie]] ||''[[Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia var. dekindtii]] ||Kalahari kuduberry ||308.1
|-
|[[Kalaharipeulbessie]] ||''[[Dialium englerianum]]'' ||Kalahari podberry ||210
|-
|[[Kalaharirooivingers]] ||''[[Xylopia odoratissima]]'' ||Kalahari redfingers ||110
|-
|[[Kalaharitaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia tenuinervis]]'' ||Rolled-leaf currant ||393.2
|-
|[[Kalahariwildemispel]]||''[[Vangueria cyanescens]]''||Kalahari wild-medlar||702.3
|-
|[[Kamassie]]||''[[Gonioma kamassi]]''||Kamassi||641
|-
|[[Kamdebooboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea recondita]]''||Kamdeboo beechwood||745
|-
|[[Kameeldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia erioloba]]''||Camel thorn||168
|-
|[[Kameelspoor]] ||''[[Piliostigma thonningii]]''||Camel's foot||209
|-
|[[Kamiesbergaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe khamiesensis]]'' ||Khamiesberg aloe ||29.3
|-
|[[Kandelaaraalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe candelabrum]]'' ||Candelabrum aloe ||28.5
|-
|[[Kanferbos]]||''[[Tarchonanthus camphoratus]]''||Wild camphor bush||733
|-
|[[Kanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea floribunda]]'' ||Honeysuckle tree ||296
|-
|[[Kaokorooibessie]] ||[[Erythrococca kaokoensis]] ||Kaoko redberry ||759
|-
|[[Kaokoboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum wattii]]'' ||Kaoko bushwillow ||544
|-
|[[Kaokobrandbos]] ||''[[Hymenodictyon kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko firebush ||765
|-
|[[Kaokogeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum virgatum]]'' ||Kaoko yellowthorn ||676.2
|-
|[[Kaokogroendoring]]||''[[Balanites angolensis]]''||Angolan torchwood<br />Simple-thorned torchwood||252.1
|-
|[[Kaokokanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko corkwoord ||277.1
|-
|[[Kaokosesambos]] ||''[[Sesamothamnus benguellensis]]'' ||Kaoko sesame-bush ||679.1
|-
|[[Kaokoswarthaak]] ||''[[Senegalia mellifera subsp. mellifera]]'' ||Kaoko black thorn ||176.1
|-
|[[Kaokovlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum oxystachyum]]'' ||Kaoko flamecreeper ||540.4
|-
|[[Kaokowitgat]] ||''[[Boscia microphylla]]'' ||Kaoko shepherd's tree ||126
|-
|[[Kaokowolftoon]] ||''[[Portulacaria kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko porkbush ||104.3
|-
|[[Kaokowurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba schroeppelii]]'' ||Kaoko wormbush ||129.2
|-
|[[Karee]] ||''[[Searsia lancea]]'' ||Karree ||386
|-
|[[Kareekanniedood]] || ''[[Commiphora gracilifrondosa]]'' ||Karee-leaved commiphora ||284
|-
|[[Karooboerboon]] ||''[[Schotia afra]]'' ||Karoo boerbean ||201
|-
|[[Karoobroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos lehmannii]]'' ||Karoo cycad ||8.1
|-
|[[Karooheuningklokkiesbos]] ||''[[Freylinia vlokii]]'' ||Karoo honeybells ||670.7
|-
|[[Karookoeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia burchellii]]'' ||Karoo kunibush ||379
|-
|[[Karookruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia robusta]]''||Karoo cross-berry||463.6
|-
|[[Karoonoemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa haematocarpa]]'' ||Karoo numnum ||640.2
|-
|[[Karoopendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia karooica]]'' ||Karoo spike-thorn ||401.7
|-
|[[Karooplakkiebos]] ||''[[Crassula arborescens]]'' ||Karoo tree crassula ||137.2
|-
|[[Karoosalie]] ||''[[Buddleja glomerata]]''||Karoo Sagewood ||636.1
|-
|[[Karoowitgat]] ||''[[Boscia oleoides]]'' ||Karoo shepherd tree ||128
|-
|[[Kartelplakkiesbos]] ||''[[Crassula arboresscens subsp. undulatifolia]]'' ||Wavy tree crassula ||137.4
|-
|[[Kasuur]]||''[[Pittosporum viridiflorum]]''||Cheesewood||139
|-
|[[Katstertaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe castanea]]'' ||Cat's-tail aloe ||28.6
|-
|[[Kei-appel]]||''[[Dovyalis afra]]''||Kei apple||507
|-
|[[Keibaakhout]]||''[[Greyia flanaganii]]''||Kei bottlebrush||444
|-
|[[Keibauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia bowkeri]]''||Kei bauhinia||208.4
|-
|[[Keibroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos princeps]]''||Kei cycad||12
|-
|[[Keiharpuisbos]] ||''[[Ozoroa mucronata]]'' ||Kei resin tree ||373
|-
|[[Keirooipeer]] ||''[[Scolopia flanaganii]]'' ||Kei redpear ||495
|-
|[[Keivingerblaar]]||''[[Vitex obovata]]''||Kei fingerleaf||661
|-
|[[Kerkeibos]]||''[[Crassula ovata]]''||Kerky-bush<br />Jade plant||137.3
|-
|[[Kerriebos]]||''[[Hypericum revolutum]]''||Curry bush<br />St. John's wort||484
|-
|[[Kershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus tricuspidatus]]''||Candlewood||409
|-
|[[Keurboom]]||''[[Virgilia oroboides]]''||Cape blossom tree<br />Pink blossom tree||221
|-
|[[Kiaat]]||''[[Pterocarpus angolensis]]''||Wild teak||236
|-
|[[Kiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia spicata]]''||Common cabbage tree||564
|-
|[[Kierieklapper]]||''[[Combretum hereroense]]''||Russet bushwillow||538
|-
|[[Kinaboom]]||''[[Rauvolfia afra]]''||Quinine tree||647
|-
|[[Kinderbessie]] ||''[[Halleria elliptica]]'' ||Rock tree-fuschia ||670.2
|-
|[[Klapperbos]]||''[[Nymania capensis]]''||Chinese lantern||295
|-
|[[Kleefdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia borleae]]'' ||Sticky thorn ||160.1
|-
|[[Kleefpeul]]||''[[Senna singueana]]''||Stickypod||213.1
|-
|[[Kleinappelblaar]] ||''[[Philenoptera bussei]]'' ||Small apple-leaf ||238.1
|-
|[[Kleinblousuurpruim]] ||[[Kleinblousuurpruim|''Ximenia americana'' var. ''microphylla'']] ||Small blue sourplum || 102
|-
|[[Kleinblaardrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena mannii]]'' ||Small-leaved dragon tree ||30.8
|-
|[[Kleinblaarkiaat]] ||''[[Pterocarpus lucens subsp. antunesii]]'' ||Small-leaved bloodwood ||236.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium cinereum]]'' ||Small-leaved honeythorn ||669.9
|-
|[[Kleinblaarmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia verdoorniae]]''||Small-leaved myrtle||554.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarperspeuldoring]] ||''[[Senegalia goetzi subsp. microphylla]]'' ||Small-leaved purple-pod thorn ||167.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarpluisbossie]] ||''[[Lopholaena coriifolia]]'' || Small-leaved fluff bush||738
|-
|[[Kleinblaarrotsvy]]||''[[Ficus tettensis]]''||Small-leaved rock fig||62
|-
|[[Kleinblaarsaffraan]]||''[[Elaeodendron zeyheri]]''||Zeyher's saffronwood||412
|-
|[[Kleinblaarsekelbos]]||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. africana ]]''||Small-leaved sicklebush||190
|-
|[[Kleinblaartrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria gracilipes]]'' ||Small-leaved clusterpear ||108.3
|-
|[[Kleinblaarvy]] ||[[Ficus lingua'' subsp. ''depauperata'']] ||Small-leaved fig ||55.1
|-
|[[Kleinblaarwilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''mucronata'']] ||Small-leaved willow ||35
|-
|[[Kleinblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua parvifolia]]'' ||Small-leaved spiderbush ||135.1
|-
|[[Kleinboerboon]]||''[[Schotia capitata]]''||Dwarf boerbean||203
|-
|[[Kleinbosrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna gamostigmata]]'' ||Small forest plane ||479.5
|-
|[[Kleingroendoring]]||''[[Balanites pedicellaris]]''||Lesser torchwood||252
|-
|[[Kleinkanferfoelieboom]]||''[[Turraea obtusifolia]]''||Small honeysuckle tree||296.1
|-
|[[Kleinkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina humeana]]''||Dwarf coral tree||243.1
|-
|[[Kleinlaventelkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton pseudopulchellus]]'' ||Small lavender croton ||329.3
|-
|[[Kleinperdepram]]||''[[Zanthoxylum capense]]''||Small knobwood||253
|-
|[[Kleinpeulseeboontjie]]||''[[Entada wahlbergii]]''||Small-pod seabean ||193.4
|-
|[[Kleinvalsmopanie]]||''[[Guibourtia conjugata]]''||Small copalwood||200
|-
|[[Kleinvrugtrospeer]] ||''[[Uvaria afra]]'' ||Small-fruited clusterpear ||108.1
|-
|[[Kliertjiesboom]] ||''[[Pavetta edentula]]'' ||Gland-leaved bride’s bush ||717
|-
|[[Kliertjiesdeurmekaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia obtusifolia]]''||Hairy Puzzle-bush ||656.2
|-
|[[Klipels]]||''[[Afrocanthium mundianum]]''||Rock alder||710
|-
|[[Klipessenhout]] ||''[[Ekebergia pterophylla]]'' ||Rock ash ||299
|-
|[[Klipharpuisbos]] ||''[[Euryops brevipapposus]]'' ||Rock resin-bush ||739
|-
|[[Kliphout]]||''[[Heeria argentea]]''||Rockwood||368
|-
|[[Klipkershout]]||''[[Maytenus oleoides]]''||Rock candlewood||400
|-
|[[Klipkoolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis bilocularis]]''||Rock coalwood||307.1
|-
|[[Klipvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia brevifolia]]'' ||Rock false-thorn ||152
|-
|[[Klokkiesboontjieboom]] ||''[[Markhamia zanzibarica]]'' ||Bell-bean ||677
|-
|[[Klokkiespendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia tenuispina]]''||Bell spike-thorn||402.8
|-
|[[Knolharpuis]] ||''[[Othonna arbuscula]]'' || Traap baboon cabbage ||740
|-
|[[Knoppiesboontjie]]||''[[Maerua angolensis]]''||Bead-bean tree||132
|-
|[[Knoppiesdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia nigrescens]]'' ||Knob thorn ||178
|-
|[[Knoppiesklimop]] ||''[[Combretum mossambicense]]'' ||Knobbly climbing bushwillow ||545.1
|-
|[[Knoppiesvy]]||[[Knoppiesvy|''Ficus sansibarica'' subsp. ''sansibarica'']]||Knobbly fig||47
|-
|[[Kobas]] ||''[[Cyphostemma currorii]]'' ||Cobas||456
|-
|[[Koeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia undulata]]'' ||Kuni-bush||389
|-
|[[Koeboebessie]] ||''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' ||Kooboo-berry||410
|-
|[[Koedoebessie]] ||''[[Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia]]''||Kudu berry||308
|-
|[[Koffiebeesklou]]<br>[[Koffie bauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia petersiana]]'' ||Coffee bauhinia<br />Natal neat's foot||208.3
|-
|[[Kogelbergrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia heterophylla]]'' ||Kogelberg ricebush ||145.9
|-
|[[Kogelbergvaalstompie]] ||''[[Mimetes arboreus]]'' ||Kogelberg pagoda ||72.1
|-
|[[Kokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron dichotomum]]'' ||Quiver tree ||29
|-
|[[Kokoboom]]||''[[Maytenus undata]]''||Koko tree||403
|-
|[[Kolletjiesblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus nigropunctata]]'' ||Busse's fig<br />Dot-leaved fig ||58
|-
|[[Komkommerbos]]||''[[Thilachium africanum]]''||Cucumber bush||136.2
|-
|[[Koolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis hirta]]''||Coalwood||307
|-
|[[Koorsbessie]]||''[[Croton megalobotrys]]''||Large fever-berry||329
|-
|[[Koorsboom]] ||''[[Vachellia xanthophloea]]''||Fever tree||189
|-
|[[Koorspeulboom]] ||''[[Holarrhena pubescens]]'' ||Fever-pod ||642
|-
|[[Koperstamkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora harveyi]]''||Red-stem corkwood||277
|-
|[[Koraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina lysistemon]]''||Common coral tree||245
|-
|[[Koraaltaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia magalismontana]]'' ||Coral crowberry ||384.2
|-
|[[Korentebos]] ||''[[Searsia tomentosa]]'' ||Bicoloured currant ||394
|-
|[[Korenteharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa sphaerocarpa]]'' ||Currant resin tree ||377
|-
|[[Korthaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis sepiaria var. subglabra]]'' ||Short-haired caperbush ||130.2
|-
|[[Kortpeul]] ||''[[Rourea orientalis]]'' ||Shortpod ||147.2
|-
|[[Kortstamnaboom]] ||''[[Euphorbia otjingandu]]'' ||Short-stemmed candelabra-tree ||748
|-
|[[Kosibaairoosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon kosiense]]'' ||Kosi Bay rose-apple ||762
|-
|[[Kosipalm]]||''[[Raphia australis]]''||Kosi palm||26
|-
|[[Kouebasrooihout]]||''[[Ochna arborea]]''||Cape redwood||479
|-
|[[Kraalkriedoring]]||''[[Lycium afrum]]''||Kraal honey-thorn||669.2
|-
|[[Kraalnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia tirucalli]]''||Rubber euphorbia||355
|-
|[[Kraalpendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia polyacantha subsp. polyacantha]]''||Kraal spike-thorn||402.2
|-
|[[Kransaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe arborescens]]'' ||Krantz aloe ||28.1
|-
|[[Kransbessie]]||''[[Gerrardina foliosa]]''||Krantz berry||500
|-
|[[Kranskwar]] ||''[[Psydrax locuples]]'' ||Krantz quar ||712
|-
|[[Kranssuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea rupicola]]'' ||Krantz sugarbush ||88.2
|-
|[[Kremetart]]||''[[Adansonia digitata]]''||Baobab||467
|-
|[[Kreupelrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna inermis]]'' ||Stunted plane ||480.1
|-
|[[Kringboom]]||''[[Maerua schinzii]]''||Ringwood tree||136
|-
|[[Krinkhout]]||''[[Securidaca longepedunculata]]''||Violet tree||303
|-
|[[Kromblaarsuikerbos]] ||[[''Protea afra'' subsp. ''falcata'']] ||Curved-leave sugarbush ||87.2
|-
|[[Kruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia occidentalis]]''||Cross-berry||463
|-
|[[Kruiskameeldoring]]||''[[Vachellia erioloba]]''||Hybrid camel thorn||169.1
|-
|[[Kunenekanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora kuneneana]]'' ||Kunene corkwood ||277.7
|-
|[[Kunenewaterbessie]] ||''[[Syzygium kuneneense]]'' ||Kunene waterberry ||767
|-
|[[Kunenewolftoon]] ||''[[Kunenewolftoon|Portulacaria kuneneana]]'' ||Kunene porkbush ||104.4
|-
|[[Kurkbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia davyi]]'' ||Corky-barked thorn ||163.1
|-
|[[Kurkbasklapper]] of Geelklapper||''[[Strychnos cocculoides]]''||Corky monkey orange||623
|-
|[[Kurkbasrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna maguirei]]'' ||Corky-barked plane ||766
|-
|[[Kurkbos]] ||''[[Mundulea sericea]]''||Cork bush||226
|-
|[[Kurkdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium suberosum]]'' ||Cork turkey-berry ||709.1
|-
|[[Kurkvoëlbessie]] ||''[[Psychotria suber]]'' ||Corky birdberry ||769
|-
|[[Kusboontjiebos]] ||''[[Sophora inhambanensis]]'' ||Coastal bean-bush ||218
|-
|[[Kusbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta natalensis]]'' ||Coastal bride’s bush ||719
|-
|[[Kusfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea arborea]]'' ||Coastal fountainbush ||226.10
|-
|[[Kusjakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros inhacaensis]]'' ||Coastal jackal-berry ||604
|-
|[[Kusjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona coriacea]]'' ||Coastal jackal coffee ||700
|-
|[[Kuskanferbos]] ||''[[Tarchonanthus littoralis]]''||Coastal camphor bush||733.2
|-
|[[Kuskatoenboom]] ||''[[Hibiscus tiliaceus]]''||Lagoon hibiscus<br />Wild cotton tree||464
|-
|[[Kuskeiappel]] ||''[[Dovyalis longispina]]'' ||Coastal Kei apple ||510.1
|-
|[[Kuskoraalboom]] ||''[[Erythrina afra]]''||Coast coral tree ||242
|-
|[[Kuslooibas]] of [[Kuslooibas|pruimbas]] ||''[[Osyris compressa]]'' ||Tannin bush ||99
|-
|[[Kusrankdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia kraussiana]]'' ||Coastal climbing thorn|| 173.1
|-
|[[Kusrooimelkhout]]||''[[Mimusops afra]]''||Coastal red milkwood||583
|-
|[[Kusrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia longifolia]]'' ||Coastal ricebush ||145.11
|-
|[[Kussigsagkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis fascicularis var. zeyheri]]'' ||Coastal zigzag caperbush ||129.8
|-
|[[Kustaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia nebulosa]]'' ||Coastal currant ||390.1
|-
|[[Kusvaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena discolor]]''||Coast silver oak||724
|-
|[[Kuswildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria randii subsp. chartacea]]'' ||Coastal wild-medlar ||702.2
|-
|[[Kuswildepiesang]]||''[[Strelitzia nicolai]]''||Natal wild banana||34
|-
|[[Kuswitessenhout]] ||''[[Bersama swinnyi]]'' ||Coastal white-ash ||441
|-
|[[Kuswurgvy]]||[[Kuswurgvy|''Ficus natalensis'' subsp. ''natalensis'']]||Natal fig<br />Wild fig||57
|-
|[[Kwar]]||''[[Psydrax obovata]]''||Coastal quar||711
|-
|[[Laeveldbittertee]]||''[[Vernonia colorata]]''||Lowveld bitter-tea||723.4
|-
|[[Laeveldkanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea nilotica]]'' ||Lowveld honeysuckle Tree ||297
|-
|[[Laeveldkralesnoer]] ||''[[Alchornea laxiflora]]'' ||Lowveld beadstring ||334
|-
|[[Laeveldmelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara mochisia]]''||Lowveld milkberry||587
|-
|[[Laeveldnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia evansii]]''||Lowveld euphorbia||348
|-
|[[Laeveldsterkastaiïng]]||''[[Sterculia murex]]''||Lowveld chestnut||475
|-
|[[Laeveldvaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena huillensis]]''||Lowveld silver oak||727
|-
|[[Laeveldvy]]||''[[Ficus stuhlmannii]]''||Lowveld fig||65
|-
|[[Laingsburgtolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron osbornei]]'' ||Laingsburg conebush ||81.7
|-
|[[Lalapalm]]||''[[Hyphaene coriacea]]''||Lala palm||23
|-
|[[Langbeentjie]] ||''[[Leucadendron procerum]]'' ||Ivory conebush ||81.2
|-
|[[Langblaarwolftoon]] ||''[[Langblaarwolftoon|Portulacaria longipedunculata]]'' ||Long-leaved porkbush ||104.5
|-
|[[Langhaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis sepiaria var. citrifolia]]'' ||Long-haired caperbush ||130
|-
|[[Langpeuldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sieberiana var. sieberiana]]'' ||Longpod thorn ||186.9
|-
|[[Laventelboom]] ||''[[Heteropyxis natalensis]]''||Lavender tree||455
|-
|[[Laventelkoorsbessie]]||''[[Croton gratissimus]]''||Lavender croton<br />Lavender fever-berry||328
|-
|[[Limpopokoorsbessie]] ||[[Croton madandensis]] ||Limpopo feverberry ||328.4
|-
|[[Loerietolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron loeriense]]'' ||Loerie conebush ||80.7
|-
|[[Lydenburgbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos inopinus]]'' || Lydenburg cycad ||5.1
|-
|[[Lebombo-aalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe spicata]]'' ||Lebombo aloe ||30.4
|-
|[[Lebombobroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos lebomboensis]]'' || Lebombo cycad ||14.8
|-
|[[Lebombo-ysterhout]]||''[[Androstachys johnsonii]]''||Lebombo ironwood||327
|-
|[[Lebombokranses]]||''[[Atalaya alata]]''||Lebombo krantz ash||427
|-
|[[Lebombonaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia confinalis]]''||Lebombo euphoria<br />Lebombo milktree||345
|-
|[[Lebombowattel]]||''[[Newtonia hildebrandtii]]''||Lebombo-wattle||191
|-
|[[Lebombowitbos]] ||''[[Maerua brevipetiolata]]'' ||Lebombo spiderbush ||132.5
|-
|[[Lekkerbreek]]||''[[Ochna pulchra]]''||Peeling plane<br />Peelingbark ochna||483
|-
|[[Lekkerruikpeul]]||''[[Vachellia nilotica subsp. kraussiana]]''||Scented thorn||179
|-
|[[Lekkervreet]] ||''[[Opilia campestris]]'' || Parasitebush ||100.5
|-
|[[Lemoenhout]]||''[[Xymalos monospora]]''||Lemonwood||111
|-
|[[Lemoentjiedoring]]||''[[Cassinopsis ilicifolia]]''||Lemon thorn||420
|-
|[[Leolodoring]] ||''[[Vachellia ormocarpoides]]'' ||Leolo thorn ||179.3
|-
|[[Lepelhout]]||''[[Cassine schinoides]]''||Spoon-wood||418
|-
|[[Lilliebroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos dyerianus]]'' || Lillie cycad ||14.2
|-
|[[Lippeblomsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea subvestita]]''||Waterlily sugarbush || 98
|-
|[[Louriersuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea laurifolia]]''||Laurel sugarbush||90.2
|-
|[[Louriervy]] ||''[[Ficus ilicina]]'' || Laurel rock fig ||53
|-
|[[Maanhaarstompie]]||''[[Mimetes fimbriifolius]]''||Fringed bottlebrush||72.2
|-
|[[Magaliesrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna pretoriensis]]''||Magalies redwood ||480.2
|-
|[[Malbaarvaalbos]] ||''[[Brachylaena glabra]]'' ||Malabar silver-oak ||726
|-
|[[Malvarosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia villosa]]''||Mallow raisin||463.3
|-
|[[Manketti]]||''[[Schinziophyton rautanenii]]''||Manketti tree<br />Feather-weight tree||337
|-
|[[Mannetjiebos]] ||''[[Stoeberia utilis]]'' ||White fig ||103.5
|-
|[[Maputalandbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta vanwykiana]]''||Sand Brides-bush||721.3
|-
|[[Maputalanddwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis maputensis]]'' ||Maputaland dwababerry ||758
|-
|[[Maputalandkoorsbessie]] ||''[[Croton steenkampianus]]'' ||Maputaland feverberry ||329.1
|-
|[[Maputalandoordeelboom]]||''[[Erythrophleum lasianthum]]''||Maputaland ordealtree<br />Swazi ordeal tree||196
|-
|[[Maputalandraasblaar]]||''[[Combretum mkuzense]]''||Mkuze bushwillow||545.2
|-
|[[Maputalandrankboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum eugeneanum]]'' ||Maputaland climbing bushwillow ||764
|-
|[[Maroela]]||''[[Sclerocarya birrea]]''||Marula||360
|-
|[[Matoppie]]||''[[Boscia albitrunca]]''||Shepherd's tree||122
|-
|[[Mbasheroosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon australissimum]]''||Mbashe rose-apple ||761
|-
|[[Meerstamvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia petersiana]]''||Multi-stemmed false-thorn<br />Nala tree||153
|-
|[[Melkpeer]]||''[[Inhambanella henriquesii]]''||Milk pear||591
|-
|[[Middelburgbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos middelburgensis]]'' ||Middelburg cycad ||14.3
|-
|[[Miershoopwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria randii subsp. randii]]'' ||Antheap-wild-medlar ||702.5
|-
|[[Mingerhout]]||''[[Breonadia salicina]]''||Matumi||684
|-
|[[Mirtaartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus myrtaceus]]''||Myrtle potatobush||311.5
|-
|[[Mitserie]]||''[[Bridelia micrantha]]''||Mitzeeri||324
|-
|[[Modjadjibroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos transvenosus]]''||Modjadji giant-cycad||13
|-
|[[Moepel]]||''[[Mimusops zeyheri]]''||Transvaal red milkwood||585
|-
|[[Moerasvy]]||''[[Ficus trichopoda]]''||Swamp fig||54
|-
|[[Mopanie]]||''[[Colophospermum mopane]]''||Mopane||198
|-
|[[Mopanie-aalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe littoralis]]'' ||Mopane aloe ||29.4
|-
|[[Mopanieaartappelbos]]||''[[Phyllanthus pinnatus]]'' ||Mopane potato bush||312.1
|-
|[[Mopaniegeeldoring]] ||''[[Rhigozum zambesiacum]]'' ||Zambezi gold ||676
|-
|[[Mopaniewitgat]] ||''[[Boscia matabelensis]]'' ||Mopane shepherd's tree ||125.5
|-
|[[Moringaboom]]||''[[Moringa oleifrea]]''||Drumstick tree||
|-
|[[Mosambiekkoffie]]||''[[Coffea racemosa]]''||Mozambique Wild Coffee||715.1
|-
|[[Msasa]]||''[[Brachystegia spiciformis]]''||Spring msasa<br />Musasa||198.1
|-
|[[Msinga-broodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos msinganus]]''||Msinga cycad ||14.7
|-
|[[Naaldblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia erectisepala]]'' ||Needle-leaved ricebush ||145.8
|-
|[[Naaldblaarheuningbostee]] ||''[[Cyclopia maculata]]'' ||Needle-leaf honeybush tea ||224.3
|-
|[[Naaldblaartolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron nobile]]'' ||Karoo conebush ||81.1
|-
|[[Naaldblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua rosmarinoides]]'' ||Needle-leaved spiderbush ||135
|-
|[[Naaldhardeblaar]] ||''[[Phylica villosa]]'' ||Needle hardleaf ||453.4
|-
|[[Naboom]]||''[[Euphorbia ingens]]''||Common tree euphorbia||351
|-
|[[Namahaarpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa namaensis]]'' ||Nama resin tree ||373.1
|-
|[[Namakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora namaensis]]'' ||Nama corkwoord ||282.1
|-
|[[Namakwaboomvygie]] ||''[[Stoeberia utilis var. lerouxiae]]'' ||Namaqua tree-vygie ||757
|-
|[[Namakwaharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa dispar]]'' ||Namaqua resin tree ||370
|-
|[[Namakwajakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros acocksii]]'' ||Namaqua jackalberry ||602
|-
|[[Namakwakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora capensis]]'' ||Namaqua corkwood ||273
|-
|[[Namakwarooiklapperbos]]||''[[Erythrophysa alata]]''||Namaqua red balloon||436.1
|-
|[[Namakwavy]]||''[[Ficus cordata]]''||Sandpaper fig||51
|-
|[[Namapronkstert]]||''[[Gelrebia merxmuellerana]]''||Nama plumeflower||214.5
|-
|[[Namibharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa crassinervia]]''||Namibian resin tree||369
|-
|[[Namibiese kriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium eenii]]'' ||Namibian honeythorn ||669.10
|-
|[[Namibiese taaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. dinteri]]'' ||Namibia firethorn crowberry ||392.1
|-
|[[Namibkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora dinteri]]'' ||Namib corkwoord ||274.2
|-
|[[Namibkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis hereroensis]]'' ||Namib caperbush ||129.9
|-
|[[Namibkoraalboom]]||''[[Erythrina decora]]''||Namib coral tree||243
|-
|[[Namibpronkstert]]||''[[Hererolandia pearsonii]]''||Namib plumeflower||214.2
|-
|[[Nanabessie]]||''[[Searsia dentata]]''||Nana-berry||381
|-
|[[Nardouwluisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum praemorsum]]'' ||Nardouw fountain pincushion ||85.1
|-
|[[Natalaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe spectabilis]]'' ||Natal aloe ||30.6
|-
|[[Natalkweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya natalensis]]'' ||Sandstone quince ||117.1
|-
|[[Natalokkerneut]] ||''[[Cavacoa aurea]]'' ||Natal hickory ||332
|-
|[[Natalwilger]] of [[Natalwilger|fluitjieswilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''woodii'']] ||Natal willow ||36.2
|-
|[[Natalkaree]] ||''[[Searsia natalensis]]'' ||Northern dune currant ||390
|-
|[[Naukluftkaree]] ||''[[Searsia volkii]]'' ||Naukluft rhus ||396.2
|-
|[[Netblaarwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua nervosa]]'' ||Lace-leaved spiderbish ||136.1
|-
|[[Ngotshe-broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos aemulans]]'' || Ngotshe cycad ||14.5
|-
|[[Ngoyedwergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ngoyanus]]'' ||Ngoye dwarf cycad ||14.17
|-
|[[Nieshout]]||''[[Ptaeroxylon obliquum]]''||Sneezewood||292
|-
|[[Njalaboom]]||''[[Xanthocercis zambesiaca]]''||Nyala tree||241
|-
|[[Noemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa bispinosa]]'' ||Num-num ||640.5
|-
|[[Nooienskokerboom]] ||''[[Aloidendron ramosissimum]]'' ||Maiden's quiver tree ||30.2
|-
|[[Noordelike boesmansdruif]]||''[[Rhoicissus tridentata subsp. cuneifolia]]''||Northern bushman's grape||456.6
|-
|[[Noordelike pompombruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta cataractarum]]'' ||Northern pompon bride’s bush ||719.2
|-
|[[Noordelike skulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria cymosa]]''||Escarpment Shell-flower||672
|-
|[[Noordelike valspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia neglecta]]'' ||Northern false spikethorn ||754
|-
|[[Notsung]]||''[[Halleria lucida]]''||Tree fuchsia||670
|-
|[[Okavangoboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum albopunctatum]]'' ||Okavango bushwillow ||531.2
|-
|[[Oleasterboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum elaeagnoides]]'' ||Oleaster bushwillow ||534.3
|-
|[[Olienhout]]||''[[Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata]]''||Wild olive<br>African olive||617
|-
|[[Olifantsrivierbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos lanatus]]''||Olifants River cycad||5.2
|-
|[[Olifantsrivierboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum petrophilum]]'' ||Olifants River bushwillow ||542.1
|-
|[[Omsambeet]]||''[[Millettia grandis]]''||Umzimbeet||227
|-
|[[Onderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus crinitus]]''||Black hazel||142
|-
|[[Oordeelboom]]||''[[Erythrophleum africanum]]''||Ordeal tree||194
|-
|[[Oorlogskloofsterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia dichotoma]]'' ||Oorlogskloof startree ||145.7
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse hardepeer]]||''[[Olinia micrantha]]''||Eastern Cape hard-pear||514.1
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse reusebroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos altensteinii]]''||Eastern Cape cycad||3
|-
|[[Oos-Kaapse smalblaarpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia linearis subsp. linearis]]'' ||Eastern Cape narrow-leaved spike-thorn ||399.1
|-
|[[Oostelike koeniebos]] ||''[[Searsia pallens]]'' ||Eastern kunibush ||395
|-
|[[Opregte suikerbos]]||''[[Protea repens]]''||Real sugarbush||94.2
|-
|[[Opregte waaierpalm]]||''[[Hyphaene petersiana]]''||Real fan palm||24
|-
|[[Oranjedruiweranker]] ||''[[Hyalosepalum afrum]]'' ||Orange grape creeper ||104.8
|-
|[[Otavibasboontjie]]||''[[Elephantorrhiza schinziana]]''||Otavi elephantroot||192.5
|-
|[[Otjihipakanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora otjihipana]]'' ||Otjihipa corkwoord ||284.5
|-
|[[Ouhout]]||''[[Leucosidea sericea]]''||Oldwood||145
|-
|[[Outeniekwa-erica]]||''[[Erica inconstans]]'' ||Outeniqua tree erica ||574.1
|-
|[[Outeniekwakreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum glabrum]]'' ||Outeniqua pincushion ||84.3
|-
|[[Outeniekwafonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea diturnerae]]'' ||Outeniqua fountainbush ||750
|-
|[[Outeniekwageelhout]]||''[[Afrocarpus falcatus]]''||Outeniqua yellowwood||16
|-
|[[Outeniekwagonna]] ||''[[Passerina falcifolia]]'' ||Outeniqua gonna ||520
|-
|[[Ovambomahonie]] ||''[[Entandrophragma spicatum]]'' ||Ovambo mahogany ||294
|-
|[[Owamboperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum ovatifoliolatum]]'' ||Kaoko knobwood ||255.2
|-
|[[Paddaboom]]||''[[Tabernaemontana elegans]]''||Toad tree||644
|-
|[[Palmiet]] ||''[[Prionium serratum]]'' ||Palmiet ||768
|-
|[[Pambatieboom]]||''[[Anastrabe integerrima]]''||Pambati tree||671
|-
|[[Papegaaiboomheide]] ||''[[Erica psittacina ]]'' ||Parrot tree erica ||574.4
|-
|[[Papierbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sieberiana var. woodii]]''||Paper-bark thorn||187
|-
|[[Papierbaskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora marlothii]]''||Paperbark corkwood||278
|-
|[[Papierbasmirtebessie]]||''[[Eugenia zuluensis]]''||Paper-bark myrtle||554
|-
|[[Papierbasvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia tanganyicensis]]''||Paperbark false-thorn||157
|-
|[[Parlotabroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos relictus]]'' ||Parlota cycad ||12.5
|-
|[[Pendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia buxifolia]]''||Common spike-thorn||399
|-
|[[Pendoringkaree]] ||''[[Searsia gueinzii]]'' ||Thorny karee ||384
|-
|[[Pendoringtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pterota]]'' ||Winged currant ||391.2
|-
|[[Peperblaarboom]]||''[[Warburgia salutaris]]''||Pepper-bark tree||488
|-
|[[Peperblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora mossambicensis]]''||Pepper-leaf corkwood||281
|-
|[[Perdekopspeldekussing]] ||''[[Leucospermum reflexum]]'' ||Rocket pincushion ||85.2
|-
|[[Perdepis]]||''[[Clausena anisata]]''||Horsewood<br />False horsewood||265
|-
|[[Perdepram]]||''[[Zanthoxylum davyi]]''||Knobwood||254
|-
|[[Persbesem]]||''[[Polygala virgata]]''||Purple broom<br />Moth-fruit||302.2
|-
|[[Persblaarvalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia antunesiana]]'' ||Purple-leaved false-thorn ||151
|-
|[[Perssambreelblom]]||''[[Karomia speciosa]]''||Wild parasol flower||668
|-
|[[Persstamkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora multijuga]]'' ||Purple-stemmed corkwood ||282
|-
|[[Petersvy]]||''[[Ficus petersii]]''||Peters's wild fig||48.1
|-
|[[Peulmahonie]]||''[[Afzelia quanzensis]]''||Pod-mahogany||207
|-
|[[Pienkbauhinia]]||''[[Bauhinia urbaniana]]''||Pink bauhinia||208.7
|-
|[[Pienkblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya burgessiae]]''||Pink wild pear||468.1
|-
|[[Pienkkeurboom]] ||''[[Virgilia divaricata]]'' ||Pink keurboom ||221.1
|-
|[[Pienkmispel]] ||''[[Feretia aeruginescens]]'' ||Pink-medlar ||696.4
|-
|[[Pistoolbos]] ||''[[Justicia adhatodoides]]'' ||Pistol bush ||681
|-
|[[Platkroon]]||''[[Albizia adianthifolia]]''||Flat crown||148
|-
|[[Platorandbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos brevifoliolatus]]'' ||Escarpment cycad ||3.3
|-
|[[Platorandperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum thorncroftii]]'' ||Escarpment knobwood ||255.3
|-
|[[Platorandboekenhout]]||''[[Faurea galpinii]]''||Forest boekenhout||73
|-
|[[Platorandkaree]] ||''[[Searsia transvaalensis]]'' ||Escarpment karee ||394.1
|-
|[[Pluisblomjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona kirkii subsp. junodii]]'' ||Fluffy-flower jackal-coffee|| 698.3
|-
|[[Poeierbaskatjiepiering]]||''[[Gardenia ternifolia]]''||Yellow gardenia<br />Powder-bark gardenia||690.3
|-
|[[Poeierkwasboom]]||''[[Barringtonia racemosa]]''||Lagoon powderpufftree<br />Powder-puff tree||524
|-
|[[Poerabessie]] ||''[[Vitex pooara]]'' ||Poora fingerleaf ||663
|-
|[[Pokysterhout]]||''[[Chionanthus foveolatus]]''||Common pock ironwood||615
|-
|[[Pompomrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia serpyllifolia]]'' ||Pompon ricebush ||145.16
|-
|[[Pompombruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta cooperi]]'' ||Pompom brides-bush ||719.4
|-
|[[Pondo-kokoboom]] ||''[[Maytenus oleosa]]'' ||Pondo kokotree ||400.1
|-
|[[Pondotreurdoring]]||''[[Colubrina nicholsonii]]||Pondo weeping-thorn||453.8
|-
|[[Pondowitpeer]] ||''[[Apodytes abbottii]]'' ||Pondo white pear ||422.1
|-
|[[Pondoboesmanstee]] ||''[[Lydenburgia abbottii]]'' ||Pondo bushman's tea ||407
|-
|[[Pondodoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium vanwykii]]''||Pondo turkey-berry ||710.1
|-
|[[Pondojakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona africana]]'' ||Pondo jackal-coffee ||698.1
|-
|[[Pondokruisbessie]]||''[[Grewia pondoensis]]''||Pondo crossberry||463.5
|-
|[[Pondomelkbessie]] ||''[[Manilkara nicholsonii]]''||Pondo milkberry||586.1
|-
|[[Pondopalm]]||''[[Jubaeopsis afra]]''||Pondo coconut||27
|-
|[[Pondoranktaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia acocksii]]'' ||Pondo climbing currant ||377.2
|-
|[[Pondorooihout]] ||''[[Ochna sp. nov.]]'' ||Pondo plane ||481.1
|-
|[[Pondospookbos]] ||''[[Brunia trigyna]]'' ||Pondo ghostbush ||141.1
|-
|[[Pondosybas]] ||''[[Maytenus abbottii]]'' ||Pondo silky-bark ||398.1
|-
|[[Pondotolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron pondoense]]'' ||Pondoland conebush ||81.4
|-
|[[Pondovy]] ||''[[Ficus bizanae]]'' || Pondoland fig ||46
|-
|[[Pondovalspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia retrospinosa]]'' ||Pondo false spikethorn ||403.3
|-
|[[Pondowaterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium pondoense]]''||Pondo waterwood||558.1
|-
|[[Populierblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus fischeri]]'' ||Poplar-leaved fig ||68
|-
|[[Potbergsuikerbos]]||[[Potbergsuikerbos|''Protea aurea'' subsp. ''potbergensis'']]||Potberg sugarbush ||90.6
|-
|[[Pronkonderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus grandiflorus]]''||Green hazel||144
|-
|[[Pronkrooihout]]||''[[Ochna natalitia]]''||Natal plane||481
|-
|[[Pronkverfbos]]||''[[Indigofera jucunda]]''||Showy Indigo||226.4
|-
|[[Pruimvingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex ferruginea]]'' ||Plum fingerleaf ||659
|-
|[[Pylgif]]||''[[Adenium boehmianum]]''||Namibian impalalily||647.2
|-
|[[Pynbos]] ||''[[Smodingium argutum]]'' ||Agony bush ||367
|-
|[[Pypsteelboom]]||''[[Vitex rehmannii]]''||Pipe-stem tree||664
|-
|[[Raasblaar]]||''[[Combretum zeyheri]]''||Large-fruited bushwillow||546
|-
|[[Rankboswilg]]||''[[Combretum patelliforme]]'' ||Combretum patelliforme ||534
|-
|[[Rankklipels]] ||''[[Keetia gueinzii]]'' ||Climbing-turkeyberry ||714
|-
|[[Rankrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia afra]]''||Climbing raisin||459
|-
|[[Ranksaffraan]] ||''[[Lauridia tetragona]]'' ||Climbing saffron ||411.1
|-
|[[Ranksaffraanboom]] ||''[[Lauridia reticulata]]'' ||Tree climbing saffron ||411.3
|-
|[[Ranksterappel]] ||''[[Diospyros simii]]'' ||Climbing star-apple ||609
|-
|[[Rankvingerblaar]] ||''[[Vitex harveyana]]'' ||Scrambling fingerleaf ||660
|-
|[[Reepbaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora discolor]]'' ||Stringy-barked corkwood ||274.1
|-
|[[Renosterkoffie]] ||''[[Kraussia floribunda]]'' ||Rhino-coffee ||700.1
|-
|[[Reuseblaarvy]] ||''[[Ficus lutea]]'' ||Giant-leaved fig ||61
|-
|[[Reusebroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos natalensis]]''||Natal cycad||10
|-
|[[Reuserosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia hexamita]]''||Giant raisin||460
|-
|[[Reuseseeboontjie]]||''[[Entada rheedii]]''||Giant seabean||193.3
|-
|[[Riemblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lorifolia]]'' ||Strap-leaved sugarbush ||91
|-
|[[Riffelstampendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia heterophylla]]''||Zulu spike-thorn||401.6
|-
|[[Ringbaskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora steynii]]'' ||Ringed-bark corkwood ||288
|-
|[[Rivierblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya kirkii]]'' ||River wildpear ||470
|-
|[[Rivierdwababessie]] ||''[[Monanthotaxis obovata]]'' ||River dwababerry ||108
|-
|[[Rivierkriedoring]]||''[[Lycium hirsutum]]''||River honey-thorn||669.12
|-
|[[Riviernaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia triangularis]]''||River euphorbia||356
|-
|[[Rivierrankdoring]]||''[[Senegalia schweinfurthii var. schweinfurthii]]''||River climbing thorn||184.1
|-
|[[Rivierrooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia stolzii]]''||River redpear||496.2
|-
|[[Riviertaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia pyroides var. gracilis]]'' ||River firethorn crowberry ||392.2
|-
|[[Riviertolbos]] |||''[[Leucadendron salicifolium]]'' ||Common stream conebush ||82.1
|-
|[[Riviertrassiedoring]] |||[[''Vachellia hebeclada'' subsp. ''chobiensis'']] ||River candle-pod thorn ||170.1
|-
|[[Riviervaderlandswilg]]||''[[Combretum erythrophyllum]]''||River bushwillow||536
|-
|[[Rivierwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria proschii]]'' ||River wild-medlar ||702.4
|-
|[[Rivierwitbos]] ||''[[ Maerua gilgii]]''||River spiderbush ||133.1
|-
|[[Robinsonkreupelhout]] ||''[[Leucospermum pluridens]]'' ||Robinson pincushion ||84.4
|-
|[[Rondeblaargifboom]] ||''[[Acokanthera rotundata]]'' ||Round-leaved poison-bush ||640
|-
|[[Rondeblaarharpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa longipes]]'' ||Round-leaved resin tree ||372
|-
|[[Rondevrugbospendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia harveyana subsp. harveyana]]'' || Black forest spike-thorn ||399.2
|-
|[[Rooibergsepterbos]] ||''[[Paranomus roodebergensis]]'' ||Rooiberg tree sceptre<br />Honey-scented sceptre ||72.6
|-
|[[Rooibitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos henningsii]]'' ||Red bitterberry ||625
|-
|[[Rooiblaarrotsvy]] ||''[[Ficus ingens]]''||Red-leaved fig||55
|-
|[[Rooiblompendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia rubra]]'' ||Red-flower spike-thorn ||402.5
|-
|[[Rooiboekenhout]]||''[[Protorhus longifolia]]''||Red beech||364
|-
|[[Rooibos]] ||''[[Aspalathus linearis]]'' ||Rooibos tea ||225.10
|-
|[[Rooiboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum apiculatum]]''||Okavango bushwillow||532
|-
|[[Rooidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia gerrardii subsp. gerrardii]]'' ||Red thorn ||167
|-
|[[Rooi-els (boom)|Rooi-els]] ||''[[Cunonia capensis]]''||Red alder||140
|-
|[[Rooiessenhout]] ||''[[Trichilia emetica]]''||Natal mahogany ||301
|-
|[[Rooihaakbessie]] ||''[[Artabotrys monteiroae]]'' ||Red hook-berry ||105.2
|-
|[[Rooihaak]] ||''[[Vachellia reficiens subsp. reficiens]]'' ||Red umbrella thorn||181
|-
|[[Rooihartboom]]||''[[Hymenocardia ulmoides]]''||Red-heart tree||317
|-
|[[Rooi-ivoor]]||''[[Berchemia zeyheri]]''||Red ivory||450
|-
|[[Rooikershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus rostratus]]''||Red candlewood||408
|-
|[[Rooikweper]]||''[[Cryptocarya wyliei]]''||Red quince||117
|-
|[[Rooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia mundii]]''||Red pear||496
|-
|[[Rooipendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia senegalensis]]''||Red spike-thorn||402
|-
|[[Rooipronkstert]]||''[[Gelrebia rubra]]''||Red plumeflower||214.3
|-
|[[Rooiranksalie]]||''[[Buddleja pulchella]]''||Red Climbing Sagewood||636.4
|-
|[[Rooistinkhout]]||''[[Prunus africana]]''||Red stinkwood||147
|-
|[[Rooisuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea grandiceps]]'' ||Red sugarbush ||89.2
|-
|[[Rooitolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron discolor]]'' ||Piketberg conebush ||79
|-
|[[Rooivoëlbessie]] ||''[[Psychotria zombamontana]]''||Red bird-berry||723.1
|-
|[[Rooivrugwitstinkhout]] ||''[[Celtis mildbraedii]]''||Natal white stinkwood||41
|-
|[[Rooivy]] ||''[[Stoeberia arborea]]'' ||Red fig ||103.4
|-
|[[Rooiwortelboom]]||''[[Rhizophora mucronata]]''||Red mangrove||526
|-
|[[Rooiysterhout]]||''[[Ochna holstii]]''||Red ironwood||480
|-
|[[Rosyntjiebos]]||''[[Grewia flava]]''||Sandpaper raisin||459.1
|-
|[[Rotsblompeer]]||''[[Dombeya autumnalis]]''||Rock wildpear||468
|-
|[[Rotsboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum moggii]]'' ||Rock bushwillow ||542
|-
|[[Rotskanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora saxicola]]'' ||Rock corkwood ||286
|-
|[[Rotstolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron strobilinum]]'' ||Peninsula conebush ||78
|-
|[[Ruigtekriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium acutifolium]]'' ||Thicket honey-thorn ||669.5
|-
|[[Saalpeultjieboom]]||''[[Wrightia natalensis]]''||Saddle pod||650
|-
|[[Safsafwilger]]||[[Safsafwilger|''Salix mucronata'' subsp. subserrata'']]||Safsaf willow||36
|-
|[[Sambokpeul]]||''[[Cassia abbreviata subsp. beareanna]]'' ||Sjambokpod||212
|-
|[[Sandboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum engleri]]'' ||Sand bushwillow ||535
|-
|[[Sandbruidsbos]] ||''[[Pavetta catophylla]]'' ||Sand bride’s bush ||719.3
|-
|[[Sanddoring]] ||''[[Vachellia arenaria]]'' ||Sand thorn ||186
|-
|[[Sandessenhout]]||''[[Xylia torreana]]''||Sand ash||192
|-
|[[Sandjakkalskoffie]] ||''[[Empogona maputensis]]'' ||Maputo jackal-coffee ||699.1
|-
|[[Sandjasmyn]] ||''[[Schrebera trichoclada]]'' ||Sand jasmine<br />Wing-leaved wooden pear ||613
|-
|[[Sandkamhout]]||''[[Baphia massaiensis]]''||Sand camwoord||223
|-
|[[Sandkanariebessie]] ||''[[Suregada zanzibariensis]]'' ||Sand canaryberry ||340
|-
|[[Sandkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora angolensis]]''||Sand corkwood||272
|-
|[[Sandkiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia arenicola]]'' ||Sand cabbage-tree ||561.1
|-
|[[Sandkroonbessie]] ||''[[Crossopteryx febrifuga]]'' ||Sand crown-berry ||683
|-
|[[Sandnoemnoem]] ||''[[Carissa tetramera]]'' ||Sand num-num ||640.6
|-
|[[Sandolien]]||''[[Dodonaea viscosa]]''||African sandolive<br />Hopbush||437.1
|-
|[[Sandperdepram]] ||''[[Zanthoxylum leprieurii]]'' ||Sand knobwood ||255.1
|-
|[[Sandrooihout]] ||''[[Ochna barbosae]]'' ||Sand plane ||479.2
|-
|[[Sandsterappel]]||''[[Diospyros loureiriana]]''||Sand star-apple||604.1
|-
|[[Sanduiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea mossambicensis]]'' ||Sand onionwood ||531
|-
|[[Sandveldhaarpuisboom]] ||''[[Ozoroa obovata var. elliptica]]'' ||Sandveld resin tree ||373.5
|-
|[[Sandveldluisiesbos]] ||''[[Leucospermum rodolentum]]'' ||Sandveld pincushion ||83
|-
|[[Sandveldwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia filipes]]'' ||Sandveld shepherd's tree ||123.1
|-
|[[Sebrabaskanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora viminea]]'' ||Zebra-bark corkwood||279
|-
|[[Sebrabergwitbos]] ||''[[Maerua sebrabergensis]]'' ||Zebra mountain spiderbush ||751
|-
|[[Sebrahout]]||''[[Dalbergia melanoxylon]]''||Zebrawood||232
|-
|[[Seepbos]]||''[[Noltea africana]]''||Soap bush||453
|-
|[[Seepnetel]]||''[[Pouzolzia mixta]]''||Soap nettle||71
|-
|[[Sekhukhunedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia sekhukhuniensis]]'' ||Sekhukhune thorn ||184.5
|-
|[[Sekelblaarrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia recurvata]]'' ||Sickle-leaved ricebush ||145.14
|-
|[[Sekelbos]]||''[[Dichrostachys cinerea]]''||Sickle-bush||190
|-
|[[Sekhukhuneboesmanstee]] ||''[[Lydenburgia cassinoides]]''||Sekhukhuni bushman's tea ||406
|-
|[[Sekhukhunebobbejaanstert]] ||''[[Xerophyta retinervis var. multiramosa]]'' ||Sekhukhune baboon's tail ||770
|-
|[[Sekhukhunekaree]] ||''[[Searsia sekhukhuniensis]]'' ||Sekhukhune karee ||393.3
|-
|[[Septeeboom]]||''[[Cordia afra]]''||Septee tree||652
|-
|[[Septemberbossie]]||''[[Polygala myrtifolia]]''||September bush||302.1
|-
|[[Septemberklokkies]]||''[[Rothmannia globosa]]''||Bell gardenia||695
|-
|[[Serpentyndoring]] ||''[[Senegalia loetteri]]'' ||Serpentine thorn ||755
|-
|[[Serpentynsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea curvata]]'' ||Serpentine sugarbush ||88.1
|-
|[[Sigsagkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis fascicularis var. fascicularis]]'' ||Zigzag caperbush ||129.7
|-
|[[Silwerblaarmelkpruim]]||''[[Englerophytum natalense]]''||Natal milkplum||582
|-
|[[Silwerboom]]||''[[Leucadendron argenteum]]''||Silver tree||77
|-
|[[Silwerbos]] ||[[Silwerbos|''Leucadendron uliginosum'' subsp. ''uliginosum'']] ||Outeniqua conebush ||82.6
|-
|[[Silwerhoekstamrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia gracillima]]''||Silver square-stemmed raisin||459.4
|-
|[[Silwerwilger]] ||[[''Salix mucronata'' subsp. ''hirsuta'']] ||Silver willow ||35.1
|-
|[[Skeweblaarbasboontjie]] ||''[[Elephantorrhiza suffruticosa]]'' ||Skew-leaved elephantroot||193.1
|-
|[[Skilferbasdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia exuvialis]]'' ||Flaky-barked thorn ||164.1
|-
|[[Skoensoolpeul]]||''[[Brachystegia boehmii]]''||Mufuti msasa<br />Prince-of-Wales msasa||198.2
|-
||[[Skotseratel]] ||''[[Amblygonocarpus andongensis]]'' ||Scotsman's rattle||190.2
|-
|[[Skraalrysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia denticulata]]'' ||Slender ricebush ||145.6
|-
|[[Skurweblaarbos]]||''[[Ehretia amoena]]''||Sandpaper bush||656
|-
|[[Skurweblaarkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora edulis]]''||Rough-leaved corkwood||275
|-
|[[Skurweblaarrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia flavescens]]''||Velvet raisin||459.2
|-
|[[Skurwevyeboom]] ||''[[Ficus capreifolia]]'' || Rough-leaved fig tree ||50.1
|-
|[[Silwerblaarsuikerbos]] ||[[Silwerblaarsuikerbos|''Protea roupelliae'' subsp. ''roupelliae'']] ||Silver sugarbush ||96
|-
|[[Silwerblompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya pulchra]]'' ||Silver wildpear ||470.1
|-
|[[Skraalkaree]] ||''[[Searsia keetii]]'' ||Slender karee ||384.5
|-
|[[Skurweblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia angustifolia var. corymbosa]]'' ||Rough-leaved shepherd tree ||123
|-
|[[Slaaibos]] ||''[[Didelta spinosa]]'' ||Thorny salad bush ||736.2
|-
|[[Slapbergsoetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia theronii]]'' ||Slender mountain sweet thorn ||172.3
|-
|[[Slapdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia permixta]]'' ||Slender thorn ||179.1
|-
|[[Slapfonteinbos]] ||''[[Psoralea affinis]]'' ||Slender fountainbush ||226.14
|-
|[[Slaphoringaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe speciosa]]'' ||Tilt-head aloe ||30.5
|-
|[[Slapkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora virgata]]'' ||Slender corkwood ||290
|-
|[[Slapkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium bosciifolium]]'' ||Limpopo honey-thorn ||669.8
|-
|[[Slaploot]] ||''[[Senegalia senegal var. leiorhachis]]'' ||Slender three-hooked thorn||185
|-
|[[Slymappel]]||''[[Azanza garckeana]]''||Snot apple||466
|-
||[[Smalblaarbasboontjie]] ||''[[Elephantorrhiza goetzei]]'' ||Narrow-pod elephantroot||192.1
|-
||[[Smalblaarghwarrie]] ||''[[Euclea linearis]]'' ||Lance-leaved guarri ||596
|-
|[[Smalblaarharpuisbos]]||''[[Ozoroa paniculosa var. salicina]]''||Narrow-leaved resin tree||375.1
|-
|[[Smalblaarkapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis brassii]]'' ||Narrow-leaved caperbush ||129.6
|-
|[[Smalblaarmosterdboom]] ||''[[Salvadora australis]]'' ||Narrow-leaved mustard-tree ||621
|-
|[[Smalblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lanceolata]]'' ||Lance-leaved sugarbush ||90.1
|-
|[[Smalblaarwasbessie]]||''[[Morella serrata]]''||Lance-leaved waxberry||38
|-
|[[Smalblad]]||''[[Metrosideros angustifolia]]''||Lance-leaved myrtle||559
|-
|[[Snuifkalbassie]]||''[[Oncoba spinosa]]''||Snuff-box tree||492
|-
|[[Soetdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia karroo]]''||Sweet thorn||172
|-
|[[Soutpansbergdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia montis-salinarum]]'' ||Soutpansberg thorn ||753
|-
|[[Soutpansbergmadeliefiebos]]||''[[Callilepis caerulea]]''||Soutpansberg Marguerite||736.3
|-
|[[Soutpansbergroosappel]] ||''[[Memecylon soutpansbergense]]'' ||Soutpansberg rose-apple ||763
|-
|[[Soutpansbergwildemispel]] ||''[[Vangueria soutpansbergensis]]'' ||Soutpansberg wild-medlar ||703.1
|-
|[[Spalkpendoring]] ||''[[Gloveria integrifolia]]'' ||Splint spike-thorn ||403.9
|-
|[[Spekboom]]||''[[Portulacaria afra]]''||Porkbush||104
|-
|[[Spitsblaarspeldekussing]] ||''[[Leucospermum saxosum]] ''||Escarpment pincushion ||85.3
|-
|[[Spoegboom]] ||''[[Commiphora cervifolia]]''|| Antler-leaved corkwood || 273.5
|-
|[[Springsaadboom]] ||''[[Shirakiopsis elliptica]]'' || Jumping-seed tree ||342
|-
|[[Sprokiesboom]] ||''[[Moringa ovalifolia]]'' || Phantomtree ||137
|-
|[[Stamlose broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos villosus]]'' ||Ground cycad ||14.20
|-
|[[Stamvrug]]||''[[Englerophytum magalismontanum]]''||Transvaal milkplum||581
|-
|[[Stamvrugklimop]] ||''[[Tiliacora funifera]]'' ||Elbow leaf || 104.7
|-
|[[Stamvrugysterpruim]]||''[[Drypetes natalensis]]''||Natal ironplum||316
|-
|[[Stekelblaarklapper]]||''[[Strychnos pungens]]''||Spine-leaved monkey||628
|-
||[[Stekelsplinterboontjie]] ||''[[Adenopodia spicata]]'' ||Spiny splinterbean ||193.5
|-
|[[Sterkastaiing]]||''[[Sterculia rogersii]]''||Large-leaved star-chestnut||477
|-
|[[Sterboom]] ||''[[Cliffortia arborea]]'' ||Startree ||145.1
|-
|[[Sterkbos]]||''[[Terminalia prunioides]]''||Lowveld cluster-leaf||550
|-
|[[Sterretjierosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia sulcata]]''||Stellar raisin||463.9
|-
|[[Sterretjierysbos]]||''[[Cliffortia nitidula]]''||Starry rice-bush||145.2
|-
|[[Stinkbessievingerblaar]]||''[[Vitex mombassae]]''||Poora-berry||660.1
|-
|[[Stinkblaarsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea susannae]]'' ||Stink-leaf sugarbush ||98.1
|-
|[[Stinkbos]] ||''[[Boscia foetida]]''||Stinkbush||124
|-
|[[Stinkebbehout]] ||''[[Heywoodia lucens]]''||Stink ebony ||306
|-
|[[Stinkhout]] ||''[[Ocotea bullata]]''||Stinkwood||118
|-
|[[Stinkwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia foetida subsp. rehmanniana]]'' ||Stink shepherd's tree ||125
|-
|[[Stompblaartaaibos]]||''[[Searsia rehmanniana]]''||Blunt-leaved currant||393.4
|-
|[[Stormbos]] ||''[[Cadaba aphylla]]'' ||Leafless worm bush ||129
|-
|[[Strandaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe thraskii]]'' ||Strand aloe ||30.7
|-
|[[Suidelike skulpblombos]]||''[[Bowkeria verticillata]]''||Southern Shell-flower||673
|-
|[[Suidkuskiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia nicholsonii]]''||Natal coast cabbage tree||565.1
|-
|[[Suurbergbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos longifolius]]''||Suurberg cycad||9
|-
|[[Suurbergkussingbos]]||''[[Oldenburgia grandis]]''||Suurberg cushion bush||737
|-
|[[Suurbessie]]||''[[Dovyalis rhamnoides]]''||Common sourberry||509
|-
|[[Suurkaree]]||''[[Searsia ciliata]]''||Sour karee||380.2
|-
|[[Suurlat]] ||''[[Freylinia visseri]]'' ||Sandveld honey-bells ||670.4
|-
|[[Suurpruim]] ||[[Suurpruim|''Ximenia afra'' var. ''afra'']] ||Large sour plum||103
|-
|[[Suurtaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia krebsiana]]'' ||Mountain currant ||385.1
|-
|[[Swakopmundkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora oblanceolata]]'' || Hyaena corkwood ||284.1
|-
|[[Swartapiesdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia burkei]]''||Black monkey thorn||161
|-
|[[Swartbaardsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea lepidocarpodendron]]'' ||Black-bearded sugarbush ||90.5
|-
|[[Swartbas]]||''[[Diospyros whyteana]]''||Bladder-nut||611
|-
|[[Swartbitterbessie]] ||''[[Strychnos potatorum]]'' ||Black bitterberry ||630
|-
|[[Swarthaak]] ||''[[Senegalia mellifera subsp. detinens]]'' ||Spike-flowered black-thorn ||176
|-
|[[Swartvalstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus africanus]]''||African false currant||425
|-
|[[Swartwortelboom]]||''[[Bruguiera gymnorrhiza]]''||Black mangrove||527
|-
|[[Swazibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos aplanatus]]'' ||Swazi north-east forest cycad ||14.10
|-
|[[Swazidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia swazica]]'' ||Swazi thorn ||187.2
|-
|[[Swazigeelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia glabrata]]'' ||Swazi laburnum ||219.2
|-
|[[Swazipendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia swazica]]'' ||Swazi spike-thorn ||749
|-
|[[Swazi-uiehout]] ||''[[Cassipourea swaziensis]]'' ||Swazi onionwood ||531.1
|-
|[[Sweepstokknoppiesboontjie]] ||''[[Maerua kaokoensis]]'' ||Kaoko beadbean ||133.8
|-
|[[Sybas]]||''[[Maytenus acuminata]]''||Rock silky bark||398
|-
|[[Sydoring]]||''[[Vachellia rehmanniana]]''||Silky thorn||182
|-
|[[Syhaartolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron pubescens]]'' ||Grey conebush ||81.3
|-
|[[Syhaarveselbos]]||''[[Englerodaphne pilosa]]''||Silky fibre-bush||518
|-
|[[Taaijakkalsbessie]] ||''[[Diospyros glandulifera]]'' ||Sticky star-apple ||603.2
|-
|[[Tambotie]] ||''[[Spirostachys africana]]''||Tamboti||341
|-
|[[Teerhout]] ||''[[Loxostylis alata]]''||Tarwood||365
|-
|[[Teerysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia paucistaminea]]'' ||Tea ricebush ||145.12
|-
|[[Terblanzboom]] ||''[[Faurea macnaughtonii]]'' ||Terblanz beech||74
|-
|[[Tolbalie]] ||''[[Empogona lanceolata]]''||Jackal-coffee ||699
|-
|[[Tolvruglukwart]] ||''[[Oxyanthus speciosus subsp. stenocarpus]]'' ||Spindle-fruited loquat ||696.3
|-
|[[Tongabergaalwyn]] ||[[Tongabergaalwyn|''Aloe marlothii'' subsp. ''orientalis'']] ||Tonga mountain aloe ||29.7
|-
|[[Tongaboomaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloidendron tongaense]]'' ||Tonga tree aloe ||29.9
|-
|[[Tongadoringkatjiepiering]] ||''[[Hyperacanthus microphyllus]]'' ||Tonga spiny gardenia ||689.7
|-
|[[Tongakatjiepiering]] ||''[[Gardenia cornuta]]'' || Tonga gardenia ||690.1
|-
|[[Tongakierie]] ||''[[Crateva kirkii]]'' ||Tonga kierie ||131
|-
|[[Tongakwar]] ||''[[Psydrax fragrantissima]]'' ||Tonga quar ||712.1
|-
|[[Tongalandbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos ferox]]'' || Tongaland cycad ||3.4
|-
|[[Towerghwarrie]]||''[[Euclea divinorum]]''||Magic guarri||595
|-
|[[Transvaalbergsuikerbos]] of [[Transvaalbergsuikerbos|platorandsuikerbos]] ||''[[Protea rubropilosa]]'' ||Transvaal sugarbush ||97
|-
|[[Transvaalsesambos]] ||''[[Sesamothamnus lugardii]]'' ||Sesame-bush ||680
|-
|[[Trassiedoring]] ||''[[Vachellia hebeclada]]'' ||Candle-pod thorn ||170
|-
|[[Treurbruidsbos]]||''[[Pavetta lanceolata]]''||Weeping bride's bush||718.1
|-
|[[Treurharpuisboom]]||''[[Ozoroa engleri]]''||White resin tree||371
|-
|[[Treurkersielemoen]]||''[[Teclea natalensis]]''||Natal cherry-orange||264
|-
|[[Treursalie]]||''[[Buddleja auriculata]]''||Weeping Sagewood||636.5
|-
|[[Treurtrassiedoring]]||''[[Vachellia hebeclada subsp. tristis]]'' ||Weeping candle-pod thorn ||170.2
|-
|[[Trilblaarvy]] ||[[Trilblaarvy|''Ficus tremula'' subsp. ''tremula'']] ||Trembling-leaf fig ||67
|-
|[[Tropiese blompeer]] ||''[[Dombeya quinqueseta]]'' ||Tropical wildpear ||470.5
|-
|[[Tropiese kweper]] ||''[[Cryptocarya liebertiana]]'' ||Tropical wild quince ||113.1
|-
|[[Tropiese pendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia maranguensis]]'' ||Tropical spike thorn ||399.9
|-
|[[Troshofiesuikerbos]] ||''[[Troshofiesuikerbos|Protea welwitschii]]'' ||Cluster-head sugarbush ||98.2
|-
|[[Trosvy]]||[[Trosvy|''Ficus sycomorus'' subsp. ''sycomorus'']]||Common cluster fig||66
|-
|[[Tsitsikammatolbos]] ||[[Tsitsikammatolbos|''Leucadendron uliginosum'' subsp. ''glabratum'']] ||Tsitsikamma conebush ||82.5
|-
|[[Tugelapendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia macrocarpa]]'' ||Tugela spike-thorn ||401.8
|-
|[[Tugelastinkwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia foetida subsp. longipedicellata]]'' ||Tugela stinkbush ||124.1
|-
|[[Tuitpeulpronkstert]] ||''[[Gelrebia rostrata]]'' ||Beaked-pod plumeflower ||214.6
|-
|[[Tweeblaarkanniedood]] ||''[[Welwitschia mirabilis]]'' ||Welwitschia ||21.1
|-
|[[Tweelingrooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca trichogyne]]''||Twin red-berry||332.4
|-
|[[Uiehout]]||''[[Cassipourea malosana]]''||Common onionwood||529
|-
|[[Uitenhaagaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe africana]]'' ||Uitenhage aloe ||28.2
|-
|[[Umbeluzibroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos umbeluziensis]]'' ||Umbeluzi cycad ||14.19
|-
|[[Umtiza]]||''[[Umtiza listeriana]]''||Umtiza||205
|-
|[[Uniondaletolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron rourkei]]'' ||Uniondale conebush ||81.6
|-
|[[Vaalalbasterboom]] ||''[[Guilandina bonduc]]'' ||Grey nickar||214.4
|-
|[[Vaalblaarwurmbos]] ||''[[Cadaba termitaria]]'' ||Grey-leaved worm bush||129.3
|-
|[[Vaalboom]]||''[[Terminalia sericea]]''||Silver cluster-leaf||551
|-
|[[Vaalkameeldoring]] ||''[[Vachellia haematoxylon]]'' ||Grey camel thorn ||169
|-
|[[Vaalkiepersol]]||''[[Cussonia transvaalensis]]''||Transvaal cabbage tree||564.3
|-
|[[Vaalkreupelhout]]|| [[Vaalkreupelhout|''Leucospermum conocarpdendron'' subsp. ''conocarpdendron'']] ||Grey pincushion||84
|-
|[[Vaalpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia capitata]]'' ||Ashen spike-thorn ||401.4
|-
|[[Vaalpypsteelboom]]||''[[Vitex zeyheri]]''||Silver pipe-stem tree||666
|-
|[[Vaalrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia monticola]]''||Silver raisin||462
|-
|[[Vaalstompie]] ||''[[Mimetes argenteus]]'' ||Silver pagoda ||72.7
|-
|[[Vaaltolbos]] ||''[[Leucadendron conicum]]'' ||Garden Route conebush||78.1
|-
|[[Valleibosnaboom]]||''[[Euphorbia grandidens]]''||Valley-bush euphorbia||350
|-
|[[Valleiboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum stylesii]]'' ||Valley bushwillow ||545.5
|-
|[[Valleirooibessie]]||''[[Erythrococca natalensis]]'' ||Valley redberry||332.5
|-
|[[Valsassegaai]]||''[[Maesa lanceolata]]''||False assegai||577
|-
|[[Valsbliksembos]]||''[[Pseudophyllanthus ovalis]]||False-lightningbush||305
|-
|[[Valsblinkblaar]] ||''[[Itea rhamnoides]]'' || False shinyleaf ||138
|-
|[[Valsbruidsbos]]||''[[Tarenna pavettoides]]''||False bride's bush||686
|-
|[[Valsdoringklipels]] ||''[[Canthium armatum]]'' ||False turkeyberry ||715
|-
|[[Valskatjiepiering]] ||''[[Rothmannia capensis]]''||Cape gardenia||693
|-
|[[Valskiepersol]] ||''[[Neocussonia umbellifera]]''||False cabbage tree||566
|-
|[[Valskralesnoer]] ||''[[Micrococca capensis]]'' ||False bead-string||332.2
|-
|[[Valslekkerbreek]] ||''[[Brackenridgea zanguebarica]]'' ||Yellow false-plane ||483.1
|-
|[[Valsmaroela]] ||''[[Lannea schweinfurthii]]''||False marula||363
|-
|[[Valsmispel]] ||''[[Vangueriopsis lanciflora]]''||False medlar||704
|-
|[[Valspendoring]] ||''[[Putterlickia pyracantha]]'' ||False spikethorn ||403.1
|-
|[[Valspapierblom]] ||''[[Pisonia aculeata]]'' ||Mock bougainvillea ||103.8
|-
|[[Valsperdebos]]||''[[Hippobromus pauciflorus]]''||False horsewood||438
|-
|[[Valsrooipeer]]||''[[Pseudoscolopia polyantha]]''||False-redpear||499
|-
|[[Valssilwerrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia inaequilatera]]''||False-silver raisin||460.1
|-
|[[Valssybas]]||''[[Robsonodendron eucleiforme]]''||False silky-bark||413
|-
|[[Valstaaibos]]||''[[Allophylus decipiens]]''||Small-leaf false currant<br />Bastard currant||423
|-
|[[Valsvaalrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia subspathulata]]''||Hybrid raisin||463.8
|-
|[[Vals-wag-'n-bietjie]]||''[[Ziziphus rivularis]]''||False buffalo-thorn||448
|-
|[[Valswaterbessie]] ||''[[Rhynchocalyx lawsonioides]]'' ||False-waterberry ||523.1
|-
|[[Valswitessenhout]] ||''[[Pseudobersama mossambicensis]]'' ||False white ash ||302
|-
|[[Vanstadensbergheuningbostee]] ||''[[Cyclopia longifolia]]'' ||Van Stadensberg honeybush tea ||224.2
|-
|[[Vanstadensepterboom]] ||''[[Paranomus reflexus]]'' ||Van Staden's sceptre ||72.4
|-
|[[Vanwykshout]]||''[[Bolusanthus speciosus]]''||Tree wisteria||222
|-
|[[Veldwildevy]] ||''[[Ficus burtt-davyi]]'' || Burtt Davy's fig ||49
|-
|[[Vendabroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos hirsutus]]'' ||Venda cycad ||14.6
|-
|[[Vendaboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum vendae]]'' ||Venda bushwillow ||540.3
|-
|[[Vendasyhaarkoffie]] ||''[[Sericanthe andongensis subsp. legatti]]'' ||Venda silky-coffee ||697
|-
|[[Vierblaarboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum adenogonium]]'' ||Four-leaved bushwillow ||531.4
|-
|[[Viervingerbos]] ||''[[Bachmannia woodii]]'' ||Four-finger bush ||121
|-
|[[Vlamdoring]]||''[[Senegalia ataxacantha]]''||Flame thorn||160
|-
|[[Vlam-van-die-vlakte]]||''[[Bauhinia galpinii]]''||Pride-of-De Kaap||208.2
|-
|[[Vlamklimop]] ||''[[Combretum microphyllum]]'' ||Flamecreeper ||545
|-
|[[Vleidoring]] ||''[[Vachellia stuhlmannii]]'' ||Vlei thorn ||187.1
|-
|[[Vleiknoppiesbos]] ||''[[Berzelia lanuginosa]]'' ||Marsh buttonbush ||141.2
|-
|[[Vleirysbos]] ||''[[Cliffortia strobilifera]]'' ||Bog ricebush ||145.3
|-
|[[Vleisneeubos]] ||''[[Berzelia albiflora]]'' ||Marsh snowbush ||141.3
|-
|[[Vleitee]] ||''[[Cyclopia subternata]]'' ||Honeybush-tea ||224.4
|-
|[[Vlerkboon]]||''[[Xeroderris stuhlmannii]]''||Wing bean||240
|-
|[[Vlerkvrugpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia hemipterocarpa]]'' ||Winged-fruit spike-thorn ||399.8
|-
|[[Vlerkwortel]] ||''[[Polemanniopsis marlothii]]'' ||Winged-carrot ||746
|-
|[[Vloedvlaktedoring]] || ''[[Vachellia kirkii subsp. kirkii var. kirkii]]'' ||Floodplain thorn ||173
|-
|[[Voëlsitboom]]||''[[Antidesma venosum]]''||Tassel berry||318
|-
|[[Vratjievrugbliksembos]]||''[[Clutia pulchella]]''||Warty-fruit lightning-bush||336.2
|-
|[[Vratjiewitbessiebos]] ||''[[Flueggea verrucosa]]'' ||Warty white-berry bush ||309.1
|-
|[[Vrystaatse geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia reflexa]]'' || Free State golden-pea<br />Sotho laburnum ||220.1
|-
|[[Waaieraalwyn]] ||''[[Kumara plicatilis]]'' ||Franschhoek aloe ||29.6
|-
|[[Waboom]]||''[[Protea nitida]]''||Wagon tree||86
|-
|[[Wakkerstroomrooipeer]]||''[[Scolopia oreophila]]''||Wakkerstroom red-pear||496.1
|-
|[[Wasagtige broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos cerinus]]'' ||Waxen cycad ||14.12
|-
|[[Waterbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos eugene-maraisii]]'' ||Waterberg cycad ||3.1
|-
|[[Waterbergrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia rogersii]]''||Waterberg raisin||463.7
|-
|[[Waterbessie]]||''[[Syzygium cordatum]]''||Water berry||555
|-
|[[Waterboomheide]]||''[[Erica afra]]''||Water tree heath<br />Sweet scented heath||572
|-
|[[Waterdoring]] ||''[[Vachellia nebrownii]]'' ||Water thorn ||177.1
|-
|[[Waterkeurtjie]]||''[[Podalyria calyptrata]]''||Water blossom pea||225
|-
|[[Waterpeer]]||''[[Syzygium guineense]]''||Water pear<br />Water berry||557
|-
|[[Waterpokysterhout]] ||''[[Chionanthus battiscombei]]'' ||Water pock-ironwood ||614
|-
|[[Watersybas]] ||''[[Maytenus cordata]]'' ||Water silkybark||398.3
|-
|[[Watertaaibos]] ||''[[Searsia gerrardii]]'' ||River karee ||378
|-
|[[Watervaalbos]]||''[[Brachylaena neriifolia]]''||Cape silveroak<br />Water white alder||729
|-
|[[Watervlier]]||''[[Nuxia oppositifolia]]''||Water elder||635
|-
|[[Watervy]] ||''[[Ficus verruculosa]]'' ||Water fig ||67.1
|-
|[[Waterwitsuikerbos]]||[[Waterwitsuikerbos|Protea punctata]]|| Water white sugarbush || 94.1
|-
|[[Westelike geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia intrusa]]'' ||Western wild laburnum ||219.3
|-
|[[Westelike koolhout]]||''[[Lachnostylis hanekomii]]''||Western coalwood||307.2
|-
|[[Westelike smalblaarwasbessie]] ||''[[Morella integra]]'' ||Western lance-leaved wax-berry ||38.1
|-
|[[Wilde-amandel]]||''[[Brabejum stellatifolium]]''||Wild almond||72
|-
|[[Wilde-appelkoos]]||''[[Dovyalis zeyheri]]''||Wild apricot||511
|-
|[[Wildedadelboom]]||''[[Phoenix reclinata]]''||Wild date palm||22
|-
|[[Wildefrangipani]]||''[[Voacanga thouarsii]]''||Wild frangipani||646
|-
|[[Wildegranaat]]||''[[Burchellia bubalina]]''||Wild pomegranate||688
|-
|[[Wildegroenhaarboom]]||''[[Parkinsonia africana]]''||Wild green-hair tree||214
|-
|[[Wildejasmyn]]||''[[Schrebera alata]]''||Wild jasmine||612
|-
|[[Wildekanferboom]] ||''[[Cryptocarya myrtifolia]]'' ||Myrtle wild quince ||115
|-
|[[Wildekastaiing]] ||''[[Calodendrum capense]]'' ||Cape chestnut ||256
|-
|[[Wildelukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus speciosus]]''||Wild loquat||696
|-
|[[Wildemango]]||''[[Cordyla africana]]''||Wild mango||216
|-
|[[Wildemispel]]||''[[Vangueria infausta]]''||Wild medlar||702
|-
|[[Wildemoerbei]]||''[[Trimeria grandifolia]]''||Wild mulberry||503
|-
|[[Wildenaeltjiebos]] ||''[[Montinia caryophyllacea]]'' ||Wild-clovebush ||137.5
|-
|[[Wildenartjie]]||''[[Toddaliopsis bremekampii]]''||Wild mandarin||262
|-
|[[Wildepatat]] ||''[[Maerua racemulosa]]'' ||Forest bush-cherry ||134
|-
|[[Wildeperske]]||''[[Kiggelaria africana]]''||Wild peach||494
|-
|[[Wildepiesang]]||''[[Ensete ventricosum]]''||Wild banana||31
|-
|[[Wildepopulier]]||''[[Macaranga capensis]]''||Wild poplar<br />River macaranga||335
|-
|[[Wildepruim]]||''[[Harpephyllum caffrum]]''||Wild plum||361
|-
|[[Wildesalie]]||''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]''||Sagewood||637
|-
|[[Wildesering]]||''[[Burkea africana]]''||Wild-seringa||197
|-
|[[Wildesuikerappel]] ||''[[Annona senegalensis]]''||Wild custard-apple||105
|-
|[[Wildevlier]] ||''[[Nuxia congesta]]''||Common wild elder||633
|-
|[[Wilgerblaarwitgat]] ||''[[Boscia salicifolia]]''||Willow-leaved shepherd's tree||128.1
|-
|[[Wilgerkorentebos]] ||''[[Searsia angustifolia]]''||Willow karee||377.1
|-
|[[Wilgerkriedoring]] ||''[[Lycium arenicola]]'' ||Willow honeythorn ||669.7
|-
|[[Wilgerpendoring]] ||''[[Gymnosporia bachmannii]]''||Willow spike-thorn||398.2
|-
|[[Witbessiebos]]||''[[Flueggea virosa]]''||White-berry bush||309
|-
|[[Witblombos]] ||''[[Metalasia muricata]]''||White bristle bush||736
|-
|[[Witblomtontelhout]]||''[[Volkameria glabra]]''||Tinderwood||667
|-
|[[Witbos]]||''[[Maerua cafra]]''||Spider bush||133
|-
|[[Witels]]||''[[Platylophus trifoliatus]]''||White alder||141
|-
|[[Witessenhout]]||''[[Bersama tysoniana]]''||Coastal white ash||443
|-
|[[Witfluweelboomheide]] ||''[[Erica simii]]''||White-velvet tree erica||576
|-
|[[Withaarbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos friderici-guilielmi]]''||White-haired cycad||4
|-
|[[Without]]||''[[Ilex mitis]]''||Cape holly||397
|-
|[[Witkaree]]||''[[Searsia pendulina]]''||White karree||396
|-
|[[Witkershout]]||''[[Pterocelastrus echinatus]]''||White candlewood||405
|-
|[[Witmelkhout]]||''[[Sideroxylon inerme]]''||White milkwood||579
|-
|[[Witolienhout]]||''[[Buddleja saligna]]''||False olive||636
|-
|[[Witonderbos]]||''[[Trichocladus ellipticus]]''||White hazel<br />Natal hazel||143
|-
|[[Witpeer]]||''[[Apodytes dimidiata]]''||White pear||422
|-
|[[Witrosyntjie]]||''[[Grewia bicolor]]''||Bastard raisin||458
|-
|[[Witseebasboom]]||''[[Avicennia marina]]''||White mangrove||669
|-
|[[Witsering]] ||''[[Kirkia acuminata]]''||White seringa||267
|-
|[[Witstam]] ||''[[Euclea schimperi]]'' ||Glossy guarri||600
|-
|[[Witdoring]] ||''[[Senegalia polyacantha subsp. campylacantha]]'' ||White-stemmed thorn||180
|-
|[[Witranksalie]]||''[[Buddleja dysophylla]]''||White Climbing Sagewood||636.3
|-
|[[Witstamkanniedood]]||''[[Commiphora tenuipetiolata]]''||White-stem corkwood||289
|-
|[[Witstinkhout]]||''[[Celtis africana]]''||White stinkwood||39
|-
|[[Witstippelbospendoring]]||''[[Gymnosporia nemorosa]]''||White forest spike-thorn||399.3
|-
|[[Witsuikerbos]]||''[[Protea lacticolor]]''||Hottentot sugarbush||90
|-
|[[Witysterhout]]||''[[Vepris lanceolata]]''||White ironwood||261
|-
|[[Wolbaardsuikerbos]]||''[[Protea magnifica]]''||Queen sugarbush||86.1
|-
|[[Wolftoon]]||''[[Wolftoon|Portulacaria namaquensis]]''||Namaqua porkbush||104.1
|-
|[[Wolkbergbroodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos dolomiticus]]''||Wolkberg cycad||14.4
|-
|[[Wolkbergdrakeboom]] ||''[[Dracaena transvaalensis]]''||Wolkberg dragon tree||30.10
|-
|[[Wollerige baakhout]]||''[[Greyia radlkoferi]]''||Transvaal bottlebrush||445
|-
|[[Wollerige broodboom]] ||''[[Encephalartos heenanii]]''||Woolly cycad||14.1
|-
|[[Wollerige geelkeurboom]] ||''[[Calpurnia woodii]]'' ||Woolly wild laburnum ||219.5
|-
|[[Wollerige kapperbos]] ||''[[Capparis tomentosa]]''||Woolly caperbush||130.1
|-
|[[Wolwedoring]] ||''[[Lycium oxycarpum]]''||Karoo honey-thorn||669.1
|-
|[[Wolwegifboom]] ||''[[Hyaenanche globosa]]''||Hyaena poison||319
|-
|[[Wonderboomvy]]||''[[Ficus salicifolia]]''||Wild rubber fig||60
|-
|[[Wonderkanniedood]] ||''[[Commiphora buruxa]]''||Wonder corkwoord||272.5
|-
|[[Wonderplant]] ||''[[Tinospora fragosa]]''||Marvel creeper||104.9
|-
|[[Wonderstok]] ||''[[Tinospora tenera]]''||Marvel-creeper||104.10
|-
|[[Woodbroodboom]]||''[[Encephalartos woodii]]''||Wood's giant-cycad||14
|-
|[[Worsboom]]||''[[Kigelia africana]]''||Sausage tree||678
|-
|[[Wortelboommahonie]] ||''[[Xylocarpus granatum]]'' ||Mangrove mahogany ||294.5
|-
|[[Wurmbasvalsdoring]]||''[[Albizia anthelmintica]]''||Worm-bark false-thorn||150
|-
|[[Wyliespoortaalwyn]] ||''[[Aloe angelica]]''||Wyliespoort aloe||28.4
|-
|[[Ysterhout]]||''[[Olea capensis]]''||Black ironwood||618
|-
|[[Ystermartiens]] ||''[[Laurophyllus capensis]]''||Iron martin||366
|-
|[[Zambeziboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum celastroides]]'' ||Zambezi bushwillow ||533.8
|-
|[[Zambezikanferfoelieboom]] ||''[[Turraea zambesica]]'' ||Zambezi honeysuckletree ||297.1
|-
|[[Zambezikiaat]]||''[[Baikiaea plurijuga]]''||Zambezi-teak||206
|-
|[[Zambeziboswilg]] ||''[[Combretum celastroides]]'' ||Zambezi bushwillow ||533.8
|-
|[[Zambezikaree]] ||''[[Searsia lucens]]''||Zambezi karee||388.2
|-
|[[Zambezivalsnetel]] ||''[[Acalypha ornata]]'' ||Zambezi false-nettle ||335.6
|-
|[[Zimbabwe-aalwyn]]||[[Zimbabwe-aalwyn|''Aloe excelsa'' var. ''excelsa'']]||Zimbabwe aloe||28.8
|-
|[[Zoeloekersielemoen]]||''[[Vepris trichocarpa]]''||Zulu cherry-orange||263
|-
|[[Zoeloekiepersol]] ||''[[Cussonia zuluensis]]'' ||Zulu cabbage-tree ||561
|-
|[[Zoeloelukwart]]||''[[Oxyanthus latifolius]]''||Zulu loquat||696.1
|-
|[[Zoeloemelkbessie]]||''[[Manilkara concolor]]''||Zulu milkberry||586
|-
|[[Zoeloepeulbessie]]||''[[Dialium schlechteri]]'' ||Zulu podberry ||211
|-
|[[Zoeloevalsdoring]] ||''[[Albizia suluensis]]''||Zulu false-thorn||156
|}
{{clear}}
== Bronne ==
* [http://www.treetags.co.za/indigenous-south-african-trees/numbered-FSA-tree-species-list-19-april-2010.pdf Treetags.co.za: Numbered Tree Species List in South Africa, April 2010]
* [http://www.ispotnature.org/TreesSA iSpot: South African Tree Common Names] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621164532/http://www.ispotnature.org/TreesSA |date=21 Junie 2017 }}
* [http://pza.sanbi.org/ SANBI: PlantZAfrica]
* [http://iscantree.co.za/catalogue/ iScanTree: Tree List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706150132/http://iscantree.co.za/catalogue/ |date= 6 Julie 2017 }}
* [https://books.google.co.za/books?id=RFNcAgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:ISBN1770078320 Watter Boom Is Dit?, Eugene Moll, Penguin Random House South Africa, 2013]{{Dooie skakel|date=Augustus 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://redlist.sanbi.org/index.php SANBI: Rooilys van Suid-Afrikaanse Plante]
* [https://www.wits.ac.za/media/migration/files/cs-38933-fix/migrated-pdf/pdfs-1/trcflist.pdf Recommended English names for South African Trees, Universiteit van die Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]
* [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=9781868259229 Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa, Braam Van Wyk en Piet Van Wyk, 1997]
* [https://pilanesbergsafaris.com/useful_info_tree.php Trees of the Pilanesberg National Park]
* [https://www.sanbi.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/saprotectedtrees2011.pdf List of Protected Tree Species under the National Forests Act (Wet nr 84 van 1998)]
== Sien ook ==
* [[Bas]]
* [[Blaar]]
* [[Boom]]
* [[Lys van indringerplante in Suid-Afrika]]
* [[Lys van uitheemse bome wat in Suid-Afrika voorkom]]
[[Kategorie:Bome van Afrika| ]]
[[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse lyste|Bome, alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Lyste van plantspesies]]
khhefyfq9f4j7bn2tfn71wckvlurx9g
Bangladesj
0
17839
2928716
2917085
2026-08-21T18:00:05Z
SpesBona
2720
Statistieke hersien
2928716
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas Land
|noem_naam = Volksrepubliek Bangladesj
|volle_naam = <small>গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ ([[Bengaals]])<br />''Gônoprojatontrī Bangladesh''</small>
|algemene_naam = Bangladesj
|beeld_vlag = Flag of Bangladesh.svg
|beeld_wapen = National emblem of Bangladesh.svg
|simbool_tipe = Embleem
|beeld_kaart = Bangladesh (orthographic projection).svg
|leuse = ''Joy Bangla''<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/joy-bangla-to-be-national-slogan-hc |title='Joy Bangla' to be national slogan: HC |publisher=Daily Prothom Alo |date=10 Maart 2020 |accessdate=10 Maart 2020}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://m.bdnews24.com/en/detail/bangladesh/1732865 |title=HC orders govt to announce 'Joy Bangla' as national slogan in three months |publisher=bdnews24.com |date=10 Maart 2020 |accessdate=30 Junie 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630151417/https://m.bdnews24.com/en/detail/bangladesh/1732865 |archive-date=30 Junie 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref><br />জয় বাংলা<br /><small>''([[Bengaals]] vir: "Oorwinning vir Bengal")''</small>
|volkslied = ''[[Amar Sonar Bangla]]''<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |title=National Symbols→National march |website=Bangladesh Tourism Board |location=Bangladesh |publisher=Ministry of Civil Aviation & Tourism |url=http://visitbangladesh.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/national-symbol/ |accessdate=21 Februarie 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502025828/http://visitbangladesh.gov.bd/about-bangladesh/national-symbol/ |archive-date=2 Mei 2019 |url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><br />আমার সোনার বাংলা<br /><small>''(Bengaals vir: "My Goue Bengale")''</small><br /><center>[[Lêer:Amar Sonar Bangla - official vocal music of the National anthem of Bangladesh.ogg]]</center><br />''Nasionale mars: [[Notuner Gaan]]''<br />নতুনের গান<br /><small>''(Bengaals vir: "Die lied van die jeug")''</small>
|amptelike_tale = [[Bengaals]]
|hoofstad = [[Dhaka]]
{{Koördinate|23|42|N|90|21|O}}
|latd = 23
|latm = 42
|latNS = N
|longd = 90
|longm = 21
|longEW = O
|grootste_stad = [[Dhaka]]
|regeringsvorm = Unitêre parlementêre<br />grondwetlike [[republiek]]
|leiertitels = <br />• [[President]]<br />• [[Eerste minister]]
|leiername = [[Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir]]<br />[[Tarique Rahman]]
|oppervlak_rang = 94<sup>ste</sup>
|oppervlak_grootte =
|oppervlak = 148 460<ref name="CIA">{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=21 Augustus 2026|archive-date=30 Julie 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730024842/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|oppervlakmi² = 57 321
|persent_water = 6,4
|bevolking_skatting = 168 697 184<ref name="CIA" />
|bevolking_skatting_jaar = 2024
|bevolking_rang = 8<sup>ste</sup>
|bevolking_sensus = 169 828 911<ref>{{bn}} {{cite web |url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/site/page/47856ad0-7e1c-4aab-bd78-892733bc06eb/Population-and-Housing-Census |title=বাংলাদেশ পরিসংখ্যান ব্যুরো}}</ref>
|bevolking_sensus_jaar = 2023
|bevolkingsdigtheid = 1 136
|bevolkingsdigtheidmi² = 2 943
|bevolkingsdigtheidrang = 12<sup>de</sup>
|BBP_PPP = $1 941 miljard<ref name=imf2>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/publications/weo/weo-database/2025/april/weo-report?c=513&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC&sy=2025&ey=2027&ssm=0&scsm=1&ssd=1&scc=1&ssc=1&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=0 |title=Bangladesh |publisher=[[Internasionale Monetêre Fonds]] |date=April 2025 |accessdate=21 Augustus 2026}}</ref>
|BBP_PPP_rang = 25<sup>ste</sup>
|BBP_PPP_jaar = 2026
|BBP_PPP_per_kapita = $11 067<ref name="imf2" />
|BBP_PPP_per_kapita_rang = 127<sup>ste</sup>
|BBP = $513,121 miljard<ref name="imf2" />
|BBP_rang = 36<sup>ste</sup>
|BBP_jaar = 2026
|BBP_per_kapita = $2 925<ref name="imf2" />
|BBP_per_kapita_rang = 146<sup>ste</sup>
|onafhanklikheidstipe = Vorming
|onafhanklikheidsgebeure = • Verdeling van [[Brits-Indië]]<br />• Onafhanklikheidsverklaring<br />• Bereik<br />• Huidige grondwet
|onafhanklikheidsdatums = <br /><br />[[14 Augustus]] [[1947]]<br />[[26 Maart]] [[1971]]<br />[[16 Desember]] [[1971]]<br />[[16 Desember]] [[1972]]
|MOI = {{wins}} 0,685<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2025 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |date=6 Mei 2025 |accessdate=21 Augustus 2026}}</ref>
|MOI_rang = 130<sup>ste</sup>
|MOI_jaar = 2023
|MOI_kategorie = {{kleur|#fc0|medium}}
|Gini = 30,9<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BD |title=Gini Index – Bangladesh |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |accessdate=21 Augustus 2026}}</ref>
|Gini_rang =
|Gini_jaar = 2022
|Gini_kategorie = {{kleur|#fc0|medium}}
|geldeenheid = [[Bangladesj-taka|Taka]] (৳)
|geldeenheid_kode = BDT
|land_kode = BD
|tydsone = BST
|utc_afwyking = [[UTC+06:00|+06:00]]
|tydsone_somer = nie toegepas nie
|utc_afwyking_DST = [[UTC+06:00|+06:00]]
|internet_domein = [[.bd]]<br />.বাংলা
|skakelkode = 880
|voetskrif =
}}
'''Bangladesj''' ([[Bengaals]]: বাংলাদেশ, ''Bāṃlādēśa'', [ˈbaŋlad̪eʃ], {{Audio|Bn-বাংলাদেশ.oga|luister}}; letterlik "land van die [[Bengale (volk)|Bengale]]"), amptelik die '''Volksrepubliek Bangladesj''' (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ, ''Gaṇaprajātantrī Bāṃlādēśa''), is 'n digbevolkte land in [[Suid-Asië]] in die streek [[Bengale]]. Dit beslaan 'n oppervlakte van 148 460 km² en het in 2024 'n bevolking van sowat 170 miljoen gehad.<ref name="CIA" /> Die [[hoofstad]] en grootste stad is [[Dhaka]] (of Dakka), ander groot stede sluit in [[Chittagong]] in die suidooste en [[Khulna]] in die suidweste. Die [[amptelike taal]] is Bengaals, die belangrikste [[etniese groep]] is die [[Bengale (volk)|Bengale]] en die plaaslike [[geld]]eenheid is die [[Bangladesj-taka|taka]] (৳, tk).
[[Lêer:Satellite image of Bangladesh in October 2001.jpg|duimnael|links|[[Nasa]]-satellietbeeld van Bangladesj]]
Die land lê aan die [[Golf van Bengale]] in die [[Indiese Oseaan]], maar word origens heeltemal deur [[Indië]] omring, behalwe vir die suidoostelike hoek, wat aan [[Mianmar]] (Birma) grens. Net noordwes van Bangladesj is [[Nepal]] en noord is [[Bhoetan]] geleë, maar al drie lande word deur 'n smal Indiese strook van mekaar geskei. Die [[Ganges]]-[[Brahmaputra]]-vloedvlakte is die oorheersende geografiese kenmerk van die land.
Bangladesj het tussen 1858 en 1947 deel uitgemaak van [[Brits-Indië]] en met die [[Verdeling van Indië]] het dit deel geword van [[Pakistan]]. In 1952 het die Bengaalse Taalbeweging begin en in 1971 het die provinsie met Indiese ondersteuning die Bengaalse Onafhanklikheidsoorlog teen Pakistan begin. Op 26 Maart 1971 het Bangladesj sy [[onafhanklikheid]] van Pakistan verklaar en met die [[grondwet]] op 4 November 1972 'n unitêre parlementêre republiek geword. Bangladesj is 'n lidland van die [[Britse Statebond]] met 'n [[president]] as [[staatshoof]].
Sedert sy onafhanklikwording in 1971 beleef Bangladesj armoede, [[hongersnood]], politieke onrus en [[Staatsgreep|militêre staatsgrepe]]. Die herstel van demokrasie in 1991 het verligting gebring, maar die land het steeds met baie uitdagings te kampe, veral die jaarlikse [[Oorstroming|vloede]] en [[Sikloon|siklone]].<ref name="HAT Taal-en-feitegids">HAT Taal-en-feitegids, Pearson, Desember 2013, {{ISBN|978-1-77578-243-8}}</ref>
== Geografie ==
=== Ligging ===
[[Lêer:Bangladeshmap.png|duimnael|links|Kaart van Bangladesj]]
Bangladesj ("land van die Bengale") lê in die noordoostelike hoek van die [[Indiese subkontinent]] en word in die weste en noorde deur Indië begrens, in die ooste deur Indië en [[Mianmar]] en in die suide deur die [[Golf van Bengale]].
Die grootste deel van die land is 'n deltagebied wat deur 'n dik laag slik afkomstig uit drie riviere, die [[Ganges]], die [[Yamuna]] en die Meghna, bedek word. Bangladesj word dikwels die "Land van riviere" genoem,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://ejfoundation.org/films/bangladesh-land-of-rivers |title=No Place Like Home – BANGLADESH: LAND OF RIVERS |publisher=Environmental Justice Foundation |accessdate=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930051647/https://ejfoundation.org/films/bangladesh-land-of-rivers |archive-date=30 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> omdat dit meer as 57 oorgrensende riviere huisves, die meeste van enige volkstaat. Waterkwessies is polities gekompliseerd aangesien Bangladesj stroom-af van Indië is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Sūryaprasāda Suvedī |title=International watercourses law for the 21st century |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7546-4527-6 |pages=154–166}}</ref>
Die grond is ryk aan [[aluminium]]- en [[yster]]bestanddele, maar wat [[vrugbaarheid]] betref, word daar met elke reënbui groot hoeveelhede vrugbare grond weggespoel, net om weer vervang te word as die riviere hul walle oorstroom, veral omdat Bangladesj oor 'n redelike plat terrein beskik. Die meerderheid van die land is minder as 12 m bo [[seevlak]], en ongeveer 10% van die land sou heeltemal oorstroom wees as die [[Seevlakstyging|seevlak met slegs 1 m sou styg]].<ref name="ali">{{en}} {{cite journal |author=A. Ali |year=1996 |title=Vulnerability of Bangladesh to climate change and sea level rise through tropical cyclones and storm surges |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00175563 |accessdate=1 Februarie 2020 |url-status=live |journal=Water, Air, & Soil Pollution |volume=92 |issue=1–2 |pages=171–179 |bibcode=1996WASP...92..171A |doi=10.1007/BF00175563 |s2cid=93611792 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201143058/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00175563 |archive-date=1 Februarie 2020}}</ref> 12% van die land bestaan uit bergreekse soos die Chittagong-heuwelreeks met 'n hoogte van tussen 500 m en 1 000 m wat in die suidoostelike deel van die land voorkom. Die hoogste plek in Bangladesj, wat naby aan die land se grens met Mianmar geleë is, is die Saka Haphong-piek met 'n hoogte van 1 064 m.<ref name="CIA" /> Die Karnaphoelrivier kronkel deur die heuwels en mond uit in die Golf van Bengale. 14% van die totale landarea word deur woude bedek, wat aan 1 883 400 hektaar (ha) woud gelyk is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |url=https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635/content |title=Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |year=2023}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2020/BGD/home/overview|title=Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Bangladesh |publisher=Voedsel- en Landbou-organisasie van die Verenigde Nasies}}</ref>
=== Klimaat ===
[[Lêer:Koppen-Geiger Map BGD present.svg|duimnael|links|Klimaatsones in Bangladesj volgens die [[Köppen-klimaatklassifikasie]]]]
[[Lêer:Flooding after 1991 cyclone.jpg|duimnael|links|Vloede na die 1991-Bangladesjsikloon wat tot ongeveer 140 000 mense se dood gelei het]]
[[Lêer:Bengal Tiger gets down in a shallow canal in Sundarban.jpg|duimnael|links|'n Bengaalse tier, die nasionale dier]]
Bangladesj het 'n [[moeson]]klimaat. Tussen Junie en Oktober waai die suidwesmoeson oor die kusstrook, en val daar tussen 2 000 mm en 3 000 mm [[reën]]. In die noorde reën dit selfs meer. Minder reën val in die suide.
Van Mei tot Oktober is dit [[somer]] en die temperatuur styg na tussen 26 en 32° C. Die [[winter]]s is matig en die kwik daal selde benede 15° C. Die rekordlaagte was 1,1 °C wat op 3 Februarie 1905 in die noordwestelike stad van [[Dinaijpur]] gemeet is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://kantaji.com/dinajpurmap.html |title=Map of Dinajpur |publisher=kantaji.com |accessdate=17 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713134542/http://kantaji.com/dinajpurmap.html |archive-date=13 Julie 2011}}</ref>
Siklone teister die kusgebiede en stuur vloedgolwe tot diep die binneland in. Honderde mense, soms tot 'n halfmiljoen, kom in die rampe om en groot skade word aan gewasse aangerig.
Die siklone van 1970 en 1991 was veral verwoestend. Laasgenoemde het ongeveer 140 000 mense se dood veroorsaak.<ref>{{en}} [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-feb-27-adfg-bangla27-story.html Beset by Bay's Killer Storms, Bangladesh Prepares and Hopes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902065034/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-feb-27-adfg-bangla27-story.html|date=2 September 2024}}. ''Los Angeles Times''. 27 Februarie 2005</ref>
In September 1998 het Bangladesj die ergste vloede in die moderne geskiedenis van die mensdom beleef met meer as tweederdes van die land wat onderwater was en 'n lewensverlies van 'n 1000 mense.<ref name="EWG">{{en}} {{cite book |author=Peter Haggett |title=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7614-7308-4 |pages=2, 634 |chapter=The Indian Subcontinent |oclc=46578454 |accessdate=28 Maart 2024 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2634 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328182107/https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2634 |archive-date=28 Maart 2024 |url-status=live |orig-year=2002}}</ref> Verskeie internasionale en nasionale inisiatiewe het egter hard aan [[ramprisikovermindering]] gewerk en sodoende het die menslike en ekonomiese impak van die vloede met die jare verbeter.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author=M. N. A. Raju |title=Disaster Preparedness for Sustainable Development in Bangladesh |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/arcprint/details/294175/Disaster-Preparedness-for-Sustainable-Development-in-Bangladesh/2018-03-10 |publisher=Daily Sun |date=10 Maart 2018 |accessdate=24 Julie 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724074442/https://www.daily-sun.com/arcprint/details/294175/Disaster-Preparedness-for-Sustainable-Development-in-Bangladesh/2018-03-10 |archive-date=24 Julie 2021}}</ref>
==== Klimaatsverandering ====
Bangladesj word beskou as een van die kwesbaarste lande wat die effek van [[klimaatsverandering]] betref.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal |last1=Kulp |first1=Scott A. |last2=Strauss |first2=Benjamin H. |date=29 Oktober 2019 |title=New elevation data triple estimates of global vulnerability to sea-level rise and coastal flooding |journal=Nature Communications |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=4844 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10.4844K |doi=10.1038/s41467-019-12808-z |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=6820795 |pmid=31664024}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://climatecentral.org/news/report-flooded-future-global-vulnerability-to-sea-level-rise-worse-than-previously-understood |title=Report: Flooded Future: Global vulnerability to sea level rise worse than previously understood |publisher =climatecentral.org |date=29 Oktober 2019 |accessdate=2 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102025006/https://climatecentral.org/news/report-flooded-future-global-vulnerability-to-sea-level-rise-worse-than-previously-understood |archive-date=2 November 2019}}</ref> Oor die loop van 'n eeu het 508 siklone Bengalbaai geaffekteer, waarvan 17% land bereik het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Sanjay Chaturvedi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UB1qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT67 |title=Climate Change and the Bay of Bengal |publisher=Flipside Digital Content Company Inc. |isbn=978-981-4762-01-4 |date=29 April 2016 |accessdate=28 Maart 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328182105/https://books.google.com/books?id=UB1qDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT67#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=28 Maart 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Daar word verwag dat die natuurlike gevare wat saam met die styging in reënval, seevlakke, en tropiese siklone kom, sal vermeerder soos die klimaat bly verander, wat 'n ernstige impak op [[landbou]], water- en [[voedselsekuriteit]], [[Gesondheid|menslike gesondheid]] en behuising sal hê.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |url=http://www.moef.gov.bd/moef.pdf |title=Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan, 2008 |publisher=Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |year=2008 |accessdate=7 Oktober 2009 |isbn=978-984-8574-25-6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007060017/http://www.moef.gov.bd/moef.pdf |archive-date=7 Oktober 2009}}</ref>
=== Biodiversiteit ===
<!-- Weens die hoë bevolkingsdigtheid moes die natuurlike plantegroei grootliks plek maak vir grondhonger boere. Net in die Chittagong-heuwels, langs die suidkus en in die binneland tussen die riviere Yamuna en Menghna, kom tropiese reënwoude voor. In die riviergebiede vind 'n mens soms moerasse en savannes. Al die bekende diersoorte van die subkontinent word in die land aangetref. Die waterbuffel is mak gemaak en word met groot sukses as ploegdier gebruik. -->
Bangladesj is in die [[Indomalaja]]-ryk geleë en lê binne vier terrestriële [[Ekostreek|ekostreke]]: Laer Gangiese Vlaktes se klam [[bladwisselend]]e woude, Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin [[reënwoud]]e, [[Sundarbans]] se varswatermoeraswoude, en Sundarbans se mangroves.<ref name="DinersteinOlson2017">{{en}} {{cite journal |last1=Dinerstein |first1=Eric |last2=Olson |first2=David |last3=Joshi |first3=Anup |last4=Vynne |first4=Carly |last5=Burgess |first5=Neil D. |last6=Wikramanayake |first6=Eric |last7=Hahn |first7=Nathan |last8=Palminteri |first8=Suzanne |last9=Hedao |first9=Prashant |last10=Noss |first10=Reed |last11=Hansen |first11=Matt |last12=Locke |first12=Harvey |last13=Ellis |first13=Erle C |last14=Jones |first14=Benjamin |last15=Barber |first15=Charles Victor |year=2017 |title=An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm |journal=BioScience |volume=67 |issue=6 |pages=534–545 |doi=10.1093/biosci/bix014 |issn=0006-3568 |pmc=5451287 |pmid=28608869 |last16=Hayes |first16=Randy |last17=Kormos |first17=Cyril |last18=Martin |first18=Vance |last19=Crist |first19=Eileen |last20=Sechrest |first20=Wes |last21=Price |first21=Lori |last22=Baillie |first22=Jonathan E. M. |last23=Weeden |first23=Don |last24=Suckling |first24=Kierán |last25=Davis |first25=Crystal |last26=Sizer |first26=Nigel |last27=Moore |first27=Rebecca |last28=Thau |first28=David |last29=Birch |first29=Tanya |last30=Potapov |first30=Peter |last31=Turubanova |first31=Svetlana |last32=Tyukavina |first32=Alexandra |last33=de Souza |first33=Nadia |last34=Pintea |first34=Lilian |last35=Brito |first35=José C. |last36=Llewellyn |first36=Othman A. |last37=Miller |first37=Anthony G. |last38=Patzelt |first38=Annette |last39=Ghazanfar |first39=Shahina A. |last40=Timberlake |first40=Jonathan |last41=Klöser |first41=Heinz |last42=Shennan-Farpón |first42=Yara |last43=Kindt |first43=Roeland |last44=Lillesø |first44=Jens-Peter Barnekow |last45=van Breugel |first45=Paulo |last46=Graudal |first46=Lars |last47=Voge |first47=Maianna |last48=Al-Shammari |first48=Khalaf F. |last49=Saleem |first49=Muhammad}}</ref> Die land se [[ekologie]] sluit 'n lang seekuslyn, talle riviere en sytakke, mere, [[vleiland]]e, [[immergroen]] woude, semi-immergroen woude, heuwelwoude, klam bladwisselende woude, varswatermoeraswoude en plat land met lang gras in. Die Bangladesj-vlakte is bekend vir sy vrugbare alluviale grond wat uitgebreide verbouing ondersteun. Die land word oorheers deur welige plantegroei, met dorpies wat dikwels tussen [[Mango-agtiges|mango]]-, nangka- ("jackfruit"), [[bamboes]]-, [[betelneut]]-, [[Klapperbos|klapper]]- en [[dadelpalm]]bosse begrawe lê.<ref name="global.britannica.com">{{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bangladesh|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=21 Augustus 2026}}</ref> Die land het tot 6000 spesies plantlewe, insluitend 5000 blomplante.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.bdhcdelhi.org/index.php/flora-fauna|title=Flora and Fauna – Bangladesh high commission in India|publisher=Bangladesh High Commission, New Delhi|accessdate=20 Augustus 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820012655/http://www.bdhcdelhi.org/index.php/flora-fauna|archive-date=20 Augustus 2013}}</ref> Waterliggame en vleilandstelsels bied 'n habitat vir baie waterplante. Waterlelies en lotusse floreer gedurende die moessonseisoen. Die land het 50 [[Wildreservaat|wildreservate]].
Bangladesj is die tuiste van die meeste van die Sundarbans, die wêreld se grootste mangrove-woud, wat 'n oppervlakte van 6 000 vierkante kilometer in die suidwestelike kusstreek beslaan. Dit is in drie beskermde heiligdomme – die Suid-, Oos- en Wes-sones – verdeel. Die woud is 'n [[Unesco]]-[[wêrelderfenisgebied]]. Die noordoostelike Sylhet-streek is die tuiste van [[haor-vleilande]], 'n unieke [[Ekostelsel|ekosisteem]]. Dit sluit ook tropiese en subtropiese [[naaldwoud]]e, 'n varswatermoeraswoud en gemengde bladwisselende woude in. Die suidoostelike [[Chittagong]]-streek dek immergroen en semi-immergroen heuwelagtige oerwoude. Sentraal-Bangladesj sluit die vlakte Sal-woud in wat saam met die distrikte [[Gazipur]], [[Tangail]] en [[Mymensingh]] loop. St. Martin's Eiland is die enigste [[koraalrif]] in die land.
Bangladesj het 'n oorvloed wild in sy woude, vleie, boslande en heuwels.<ref name="global.britannica.com" /> Die oorgrote meerderheid diere woon binne 'n habitat van 150 000 vierkante kilometer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author1=Soraya Auer|author2=Anika Hossain|date=7 Julie 2012|title=Lost Wards of the State|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2012/07/01/cover.htm|publisher=The Daily Star|accessdate=14 Februarie 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214120509/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2012/07/01/cover.htm|archive-date=14 Februarie 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Die [[Bengaalse tier]], [[gevlekte luiperd]], [[Krokodil|soutwaterkrokodil]], [[swartluiperd]] en [[visserkat]] is van die vernaamste roofdiere in die Sundarbans.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Peter Haggett |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2620 |title=Encyclopedia of World Geography |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7614-7289-6 |page=2620 |accessdate=28 Maart 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328182110/https://books.google.com/books?id=IROIY4ONOSEC&pg=PA2620 |archive-date=28 Maart 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Noord- en oostelike Bangladesj is die tuiste van die [[Asiatiese olifant]], [[hoeloks]], [[Asiatiese swartbeer]] en [[Oosterse bont neushoringvoël]].<ref name="bearprojectbd.weebly.com">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://bearprojectbd.weebly.com/bears-in-bangladesh.html |title=Bears in Bangladesh |publisher=Bangladesh Bear Project |accessdate=14 Februarie 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214061240/http://bearprojectbd.weebly.com/bears-in-bangladesh.html |archive-date=14 Februarie 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Die [[chitale-takbok]]ke word wyd in suidwestelike boslande gesien. Ander diere sluit in die [[swart reuse-eekhoring]], [[kuiflangoer]], [[Bengaalse jakkals]], [[sambar-takbok]]ke, [[oerwoudkat]], [[koningkobra]], [[wildevark]]e, [[muishond]]e, [[ietermago]]s, [[luislange]] en [[Waterlikkewaan|waterlikkewane]]. Bangladesj het een van die grootste bevolkings van Irrawaddy- en Ganges-[[dolfyn]]e.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/03/090331-dolphins-found.html |title=6,000 Rare, Large River Dolphins Found in Bangladesh |publisher=National Geographic |date=Maart 2009 |accessdate=12 Oktober 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012093653/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/03/090331-dolphins-found.html|archive-date=12 Oktober 2014}}</ref> Die land het talle spesies [[amfibieë]] (53), [[reptiel]]e (139), mariene reptiele (19) en [[seesoogdier]]e (5). Die land het ook 628 spesies [[voël]]s.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=89375 |title=Conserving biodiversity must for survival |publisher=The Daily Star |author=Muhammad Selim Hossain |date=23 Mei 2009 |accessdate=30 Mei 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150530100603/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=89375|archive-date=30 Mei 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>
== Ekonomie ==
Bangladesj is 'n laer-middelinkomste [[gemengde ekonomie|gemengde markekonomie]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/bangladesh-economy-50-years-on/a-57015896 |title=Bangladesh at 50: From 'basket case' to rising economic star |publisher=Deutsche Welle |author=Zobaer Ahmed |date=16 Desember 2021 |accessdate=30 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2023/01/22/a-journey-together-bangladesh-and-world-bank-celebrate-historic-partnership |title=A Journey Together: Bangladesh and World Bank Celebrate Historic Partnership |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |date=22 Januarie 2023 |accessdate=9 Januarie 2025}}</ref> Dit is die wêreld se [[Lys van lande volgens BBP (nominaal)|36se grootste ekonomie]] volgens nominale terme en die [[Lys van lande volgens BBP (Koopkragpariteit)|24ste grootse]] volgens [[koopkragpariteit]]. Bangladesj het 'n [[werkmag]] van 71,4 miljoen,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.TOTL.IN?locations=BD |title=Labor force, total – Bangladesh |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |accessdate=30 September 2022}}</ref> die wêreld se sewende grootste, met 'n [[werkloosheid]]syfer van 3,6% (in 2024).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=BD |title=Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) – Bangladesh |publisher=[[Wêreldbank]] |accessdate=30 September 2022}}</ref> Alhoewel sy [[buitelandse valutareserwes]] verminder<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/business/local/s3knbstt64 |title=Respite from fall in forex reserves, dollar market stable |publisher=Prothom Alo |date=19 Oktober 2024 |author=Shanaullah Sakib |accessdate=9 Januarie 2025}}</ref> is dit ná Indië die naashoogste in Suid-Asië. Bangladesj se groot [[diaspora]] het ongeveer $27 miljard in 2024 oorbetaal.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/news/remittance-hit-all-time-high-2024-3789871 |title=Remittance hit all-time high in 2024 |publisher=The Daily Star |author=Md Mehedi Hasan |date=2 Januarie 2025 |accessdate=9 Januarie 2025}}</ref> Die [[Bangladesj-taka]] is die nasionale geldeenheid.
== Sport ==
[[Lêer:Bangladesh Players Celebrate Fall of Wicket.jpg|duimnael|Die [[Bengaalse nasionale krieketspan]] vier die neem van 'n paaltjie teen [[Zimbabwiese nasionale krieketspan|Zimbabwe]] in 2009]]
[[Krieket]] is Bangladesj se gewildste [[sport]]soort, gevolg deur [[sokker]]. Ander gewilde sportsoorte sluit in [[veldhokkie]], [[tennis]], [[pluimbal]], [[handbal]], [[basketbal]], [[vlugbal]], [[skaak]], skietsport en [[hengel]]. [[Kabaddi]] is Bangladesj se nasionale sport.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |last=Faroqi |first=Gofran |year=2012 |chapter=Kabadi |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Kabadi |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Tweede |publisher=Asiatic Society of Bangladesh}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2017/may/31/bangaldesh-rise-cricket-next-major-force |title=The rise and rise of Bangladesh cricket – what took them so long? |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |date=31 Januarie 2017 |accessdate=21 Augustus 2026}}</ref>
Die [[Bengaalse nasionale krieketspan]] het sedert [[Krieketwêreldbeker 1999|1999]] vir elke [[krieketwêreldbeker]]toernooi gekwalifiseer, maar tot dusver nie een van die toernooie gewen nie; hul beste vertoning was die kwarteindrondte tydens die [[Krieketwêreldbeker 2015]]. In 2000 is [[Toetskrieket|toetsstatus]] aan Bangladesj toegeken. Bangladesj het die [[Krieketwêreldbeker 2011]] saam met [[Indië]] en [[Sri Lanka]] aangebied, waartydens twee groepwedstryde in Chittagong, asook vier groepwedstryde en twee kwarteindstryde in [[Dhaka]] gespeel is. Daarbenewens het Bangladesj op sy eie as gasheer van die [[Kampioenetrofee 1998]], die [[T20I-wêreldbeker 2014]] en die gelyktydige [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker 2014]] opgetree. Bangladesj sou ook die [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker 2024]] huisves, maar dié toernooi is weens die “Julierewolusie” na die [[Verenigde Arabiese Emirate]] verskuif.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/131355/icc-moves-womens-t20-world-cup-from-strife-torn-bangladesh-to-uae |title=ICC moves Women's T20 World Cup from strife-torn Bangladesh to UAE |publisher=Cricbuzz |author=Vijay Tagore |date=20 Augustus 2024 |accessdate=21 Augustus 2026}}</ref> Tot in 2026 het Bangladesj ook aan elke [[T20I-wêreldbeker]]toernooi deelgeneem, maar hulle het besluit om nie aan die [[T20I-wêreldbeker 2026]] deel te neem nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.wisden.com/series/icc-mens-t20-world-cup-2026/cricket-news/bangladesh-replaced-by-scotland-at-2026-mens-t20-world-cup-after-refusing-travel-to-india |title=Bangladesh replaced by Scotland at 2026 men's T20 World Cup after refusing to travel to India |publisher=Wisden |date=24 Januarie 2026 |accessdate=21 Augustus 2026}}</ref> Tydens die [[Krieketwêreldbeker 2031]] sal Bangladesj saam met Indië weer as gasheer optree.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/usa-co-hosts-for-2024-t20-wc-pakistan-gets-2025-champions-trophy-india-and-bangladesh-2031-world-cup-1289589 |title=USA co-hosts for 2024 T20 WC, Pakistan gets 2025 Champions Trophy, India and Bangladesh 2031 World Cup |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |author=Nagraj Gollapudi |date=16 November 2021 |accessdate=21 Augustus 2026}}</ref> Tydens die Asiatiese Beker was Bangladesj drie keer die naaswenner (in 2012, 2016 en 2018). In 2020 het Bangladesj vir die eerste keer die [[o/19-krieketwêreldbeker]] gewen en sodoende sy eerste titeloorwinning in enige IKR-toernooi beklink.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/51437334 |title=U19s Cricket World Cup: Bangladesh beat India in final to win first title |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=9 Februarie 2020 |accessdate=21 Augustus 2026}}</ref> Die [[Bengaalse nasionale vrouekrieketspan]] het tydens die Asiatiese Vrouebeker 2018 sy eerste internasionale toernooi beklink. Hulle neem ook gereeld aan beide [[T20I-vrouewêreldbeker]]- en [[vrouekrieketwêreldbeker]]toernooie deel.
Die Bengaalse nasionale sokkerspan kon tot dusver nog nie vir 'n [[FIFA]] [[Sokker-Wêreldbeker]]toernooi kwalifiseer nie. In 2003 het Bangladesj sy eerste internasionale trofee verower en die Suid-Asiatiese beker gewen.
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|4}}
== Bronnelys ==
; Algemeen
----
* {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Bangladesh|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=21 Augustus 2026}}
* {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bangladesh/|title=Bangladesh|publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|accessdate=21 Augustus 2026}}
; Geografie
----
* ''[[Wêreldspektrum]]'', 1982, {{ISBN|0-908409-43-5}}, volume 2, bl. 166, 167
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{CommonsKategorie|Bangladesh|Bangladesj}}
* {{en}} {{Wikivoyage|Bangladesh|Bangladesj}}
* {{bn}} {{en}} [https://bangladesh.gov.bd/ Amptelike webwerf van Bangladesj se regering]
{{Lande van Asië}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Bangladesj| ]]
[[Kategorie:Britse Statebond]]
[[Kategorie:Voormalige Britse kolonies]]
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All Blacks
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: ''Hierdie artikel handel oor die Nieu-Seelandse nasionale mansrugbyspan. Vir die artikel oor die nasionale vrouerugbyspan, sien [[Black Ferns]].''
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| statistiek = Statistiek
| toetse = [[Sam Whitelock]] (153)<ref name="Most tests">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/mosttests.ASP?stats_ID=12 |title=All Blacks that have played 50 or more tests. |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=matches;team=8;template=results;type=player |title=Most matches |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
| toptoetspuntebehaler = [[Dan Carter]] (1598)<ref name="Most test points">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/mostptsinall.ASP?stats_ID=14 |title=All Black Test Match point scorers. |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=points;team=8;template=results;type=player |title=Most points |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
| meestedrieë = [[Doug Howlett]] (49)<ref name="Most test tries">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/mosttriesintests.ASP?stats_ID=16 |title=Most tries in Test matches. |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=tries;team=8;template=results;type=player |title=Most tries |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
| jongstespeler = [[Jonah Lomu]] 1994 (19 jaar, 45 dae)
| eerste = {{AUSru}} 3–22 {{NZLru-r}}<br />([[Sydney]], [[Australië]]; 15 Augustus 1903)
| grootwen = {{NZLru}} 145–17 {{JPNru-r}}<br />([[Bloemfontein]], [[Suid-Afrika]]; 4 Junie 1995)
| grootverloor = {{NZLru}} 10–43 {{RSAru-r}}<br />([[Wellington, Nieu-Seeland|Wellington]], Nieu-Seeland; 13 September 2025)
| Wêreldbekerverskynings = 10/10
| jaar = 1987
| beste = Kampioen in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]], [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011|2011]] en [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015|2015]]
| url = www.allblacks.com
| unieurl = www.nzrugby.co.nz
}}
Die '''All Blacks''' is die nasionale [[rugby]]span wat [[Nieu-Seeland]] in internasionale wedstryde (toetswedstryde) verteenwoordig. Rugby is Nieu-Seeland se nasionale sport en die All Blacks is ’n gedugte mag in internasionale rugby met ’n wenrekord teen al die ander lande. Nieu-Seeland is een van die min lande waar rugby die hoofsport is. Slegs die [[Cookeilande]], [[Fidji]], [[Samoa]], [[Tonga]] en [[Wallis]] kan soortgelyke bewerings maak.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|url=http://www.teivovo.com/history/|title=Rugby History in Fiji|publisher=Teivovo|accessdate=14 November 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114224240/http://www.teivovo.com/history/|archive-date=14 November 2007|url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Sy belangrikste internasionale verskyning het die All Blacks tydens die vierjaarlikse [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooi. In [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]] was Nieu-Seeland saam met [[Australië]] die gasheer vir die eerste [[Rugbywêreldbeker]] wat die All Blacks gewen het. Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995]] in [[Suid-Afrika]] het die All Blacks die eindstryd gehaal, maar is deur die gasheer in [[ekstra tyd]] met 15–12 verslaan. Die volgende verskyning in die eindstryd het die All Blacks tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]] tuis gemaak, toe hulle [[Franse nasionale rugbyspan|Frankryk]] naelskraap met 8–7 verslaan het. Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015]] het Nieu-Seeland as eerste span daarin geslaag om die [[Webb Ellis-beker]] te verdedig, toe hulle die [[Wallabies]] geklop het. Daarmee het die All Blacks die eerste nasionale rugbyspan geword om die trofee drie keer omhoog te hou, ’n prestasie wat later deur die [[Springbokke]] geëwenaar is. Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023]] het die All Blacks die eindstryd vir ’n vyfde keer gehaal, maar teen die Springbokke naelskraap met 12–11 vasgeval. Die All Blacks speel jaarliks teen die Australiese Wallabies, die Suid-Afrikaanse Springbokke en die [[Argentinië|Argentynse]] [[Argentynse nasionale rugbyspan|Poemas]] in [[die Rugbykampioenskap]], voorheen die Drienasiesreeks, waartydens hulle ook om die [[Bledisloebeker]] teen Australië en die [[Vryheidsbeker]] teen Suid-Afrika meeding. Die All Blacks het die Drienasiesreeks en die Rugbykampioenskap reeds 20 keer in die toernooi se 27 jaar bestaan gewen en is die huidige Bledisloebeker- asook Vryheidsbekerhouer.
Die span het vir die eerste keer in 1882 ’n internasionale wedstryd gespeel teen die [[Waratahs (Superrugbyspan)|Nieu-Suid-Walliese Waratahs]], en het hulle eerste toetswedstryd in 1903 gespeel: ’n oorwinning oor Australië. Dit is gevolg deur ’n toer na die [[Noordelike Halfrond]] in 1905 waartydens die span slegs teen [[Walliese nasionale rugbyspan|Wallis]] in [[Cardiff]] verloor het. Tydens hulle 1905-toer het die All Blacks slegs swart gedra, behalwe vir die [[silwervaring]]; die “All Black”-naam dateer uit dié tydperk. Die All Blacks het hulle eerste reeksoorwinning oor hul “aartsvyande Suid-Afrika” (die Springbokke) in Nieu-Seeland in 1956 behaal. ’n Dekade later het hulle hul langste segetog behaal deur sewentien toetse tussen 1965 en 1970 te wen. Die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus]] het hulle enigste reeksoorwinning oor die All Blacks in 1971 behaal, maar sewe jaar later sou die All Blacks hulle eerste [[Grand Slam (Rugby)|Grand Slam]] behaal (oorwinnings oor [[Engelse nasionale rugbyspan|Engeland]], [[Ierse nasionale rugbyspan|Ierland]], [[Skotse nasionale rugbyspan|Skotland]] en Wallis tydens dieselfde toer). Die All Blacks sou nog drie ander keer ’n Grand Slam behaal (in 2005, 2008 en 2010). Die 1981-Springboktoer na Nieu-Seeland het grootskaalse burgerlike onrus veroorsaak as gevolg van proteste teen die Suid-Afrikaanse [[apartheid]]sbeleid. Nieu-Seeland het in 1996 in post-apartheid Suid-Afrika vir die eerste keer daarin geslaag om ’n reeksoorwinning oor die Springbokke in Suid-Afrika te behaal.
Die vroeë Nieu-Seelandse nasionale rugbydrag het bestaan uit ’n swart trui met ’n silwervaring en wit broeke. Rugby het ’n belangrike rol gespeel in die integrasie van die [[Maori's]] in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk|Brits]]-beïnvloede Nieu-Seelandse samelewing, aangesien die sport geskik was vir die fisieke vermoëns van die [[Inheemse volke|inheemse mense]] van Nieu-Seeland en hulle is spoedig as gelykwaardige spelers aanvaar. Om die teenstander te intimideer en hulleself te motiveer voer die All Blacks tradisioneel ’n [[haka]] (’n Maori-oorlogsdans) voor elke wedstryd uit. Tradisioneel word ''Te Rauparaha'' se ''Ka Mate haka'' uitgevoer, maar sedert 2005 word ''Kapa o Pango'', ’n aangepaste weergawe van die All Blacks se 1924-haka, ''Kia Whaka-ngawari'', soms ook gebruik. Hulle is tans (Oktober 2025) tweede op Wêreldrugby se wêreldranglys<ref name="ranglys">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/rankings |title=Women’s and Men’s Rankings |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> en is in 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 en 2016 deur Wêreldrugby as “span van die jaar” aangewys. 20 voormalige All Blacks is in Wêreldrugby se Heldesaal opgeneem.
== Beheerliggaam ==
{{Hoofartikel|Nieu-Seeland Rugby}}
[[Lêer:NZunions.png|duimnael|’n Kaart van die Nieu-Seelandse plaaslike beheerliggame en hul spanne]]
Die beheerliggaam vir rugby in Nieu-Seeland is Nieu-Seeland Rugby (''New Zealand Rugby'', NZR), tot in 2013 die Nieu-Seelandse Rugbyvoetbalunie (''New Zealand Rugby Football Union'', NZRFU) genoem. Nieu-Seeland Rugby is op 16 April 1892 gestig.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzrugby.co.nz/about-nzr/our-history/ |title=Our History |publisher=[[Nieu-Seeland Rugby]] |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> In 1949 het dit ’n volle lid van die Internasionale Rugbyvoetbalraad (IRVR; nou [[Wêreldrugby]]) geword.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/organisation/membership/oceania/new-zealand |title=New Zealand |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Daarbenewens was die Nieu-Seelandse beheerliggaam in 2000 ’n stigterslid van die Vereniging van Oseaniese Rugbyunies (''Federation of Oceania Rugby Unions'', FORU; nou [[Oseanië Rugby]], OR).<ref name="islands">{{en}} {{cite journal |author=Robert F. Dewey |title=Rugby Union Football, Pacific Islands |editor=John Nauright, Charles Parrish |work=Sports around the world: History, culture and practice |edition=1 |publisher=ABC-Clio |location=Santa Barbara |year=2012 |ISBN=978-1-59884-300-2 |pages=445–447}}</ref>
Naas die amptelike nasionale span roep NZR ook ander keurspanne byeen. Kinders en jongmense word reeds op skool aan rugby bekend gestel en na gelang van hul belangstelling en talent begin hulle met hul afrigting. Die talentvolste spelers op skoolvlak word vir die skoolspan ''NZ Schools'' gekeur.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/teams/schools/ |title=New Zealand Schools |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die volgende vlak op pad na die nasionale span All Blacks is die o/20-nasionale span wat aan die o/20-Rugbykampioenskap en die [[Wêreldrugby o/20-kampioenskap]] deelneem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://super.rugby/therugbychampionship/news/inaugural-rugby-championship-under-20-all-set-for-sunshine-coast-kick-off/ |title=Inaugural rugby championship under-20 all set for sunshine coast kick-off |publisher=[[Superrugby]] |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/teams/u20/ |title=New Zealand Under 20 |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Naas hierdie span vir ’n bepaalde ouderdomsgroep hou NZR ook toesig oor spanne wat volgens spesiale kriteria saamgestel word. Die ''Junior All Blacks'' is, ten spyte van hul naam, geen nasionale span vir jongmense nie, maar die tweede span vir opkomende (toekomstige) All Blacks. Tydens toere van ander spanne deur Nieu-Seeland speel die besoekers gewoonlik ook teen die Nieu-Seeland Māori. ’n Speler moet oor ’n [[Maori|Māori]]-afkoms beskik om vir hierdie span in aanmerking te kan kom.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/teams/maori-all-blacks/ |title=Māori All Blacks |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die span ''Heartland XV'' bestaan uit amateurspelers.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/teams/heartland-xv/ |title=Heartland XV |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die ''All Blacks Sevens'' is die Nieu-Seelandse [[sewesrugby]]span en hulle neem aan internasionale toernooie soos Wêreldrugby se Sewesreeks, Sewesrugbywêreldbeker, [[Olimpiese Somerspele]] en [[Statebondspele]] deel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/teams/all-blacks-sevens/ |title=All Blacks Sevens |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
Op ’n nasionale vlak is klubs slegs in ’n plaaslike opsig belangrik. Die 26 plaaslike beheerliggame (17 op die [[Noordeiland]] en nege op die [[Suideiland]]), wat elkeen met ’n keurspan aan die professionele liga, die Mitre 10-beker, of die semi-professionele Heartland-kampioenskap deelneem, is belangriker. Bo die nasionale kampioenskap word jaarliks saam met spanne uit Australië en een elk uit beide [[Fidji]] en die [[Stille Oseaan]]-eilande (feitlik die [[Cookeilande]], Fidji, [[Samoa]] en [[Tonga]]) die internasionale [[Superrugby]]toernooi beslis.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.sarugbymag.co.za/super-rugby-set-twelve-2022/ |title=Reports: Agreement reached for 12-team Super Rugby from 2022 |publisher=www.sarugbymag.co.za |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Aangesien die seisoene min oorvleuel word talle spelers in al drie ligas gebruik.
Volgens NZR se beginsels moet ’n speler vir ’n plaaslike span in die ITM-beker of Superrugby speel om in aanmerking vir die All Blacks te kan kom. Indien ’n speler in die buiteland speel, mag hy nie vir die All Blacks uitdraf nie. As gevolg van hierdie regulasie, wat ander vername rugbylande nie het nie, bly die beste spelers vir enkele jare in Nieu-Seeland en hulle kondig dan hul uittrede uit die nasionale span aan, om aansluitend in die finansieel sterkste rugbyligas ter wêreld (die Engelse Premierskap of die Franse Top 14) te gaan speel.
== Geskiedenis ==
=== Invoer van rugby na Nieu-Seeland ===
[[Lêer:New Zealand in NSW 1884.jpg|duimnael|Die Nieu-Seelandse span wat in 1884 na Nieu-Suid-Wallis getoer het]]
Rugbyvoetbal is deur Charles Monro in 1870 in Nieu-Seeland ingevoer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Winston McCarthy |title=Haka! The All Blacks Story |publisher=Pelham Books |location=Londen |year=1968 |isbn=978-0-7207-0206-4 |pages=11}}</ref> Die seun van die destydse speaker van die Nieu-Seelandse huis van verteenwoordigers het die sport ontdek terwyl hy sy studies by Christ’s College Finchley, [[Engeland]], voltooi het.<ref name="Monro">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/5387120.stm |title=All Black magic: New Zealand rugby |publisher=[[BBC]] |author=Sean Davies |date=27 September 2006 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die eerste bekende wedstryd in Nieu-Seeland het op 14 Mei 1870 in [[Nelson, Nieu-Seeland|Nelson]] tussen die Nelsonklub en Nelson Kollege plaasgevind.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Greg Ryan |title=Forerunners of the All Blacks |publisher=Canterbury University Press |location=Christchurch |year=1993 |isbn=0-908812-30-2 |pages=16}}</ref> Die eerste unie, die Canterbury Rugbyvoetbalunie, is in 1879 gestig.<ref name="CRFUFormed">{{en}} {{cite book |author=Phil Gifford |title=The Passion: The Stories Behind 125 years of Canterbury Rugby |publisher=Wilson Scott Publishing |location=Christchurch |year=2004 |isbn=0-9582535-1-X |pages=27}}</ref> In 1882 is Nieu-Seeland se eerste internasionale wedstryde gespeel toe die Australiese ''Southern Rugby Union'' (later die ''New South Wales Rugby Union'') die land besoek het. Die besoekers het twee keer teen [[Auckland]]se provinsiale klubs gespeel, twee keer teen Wellington en eenkeer teen Canterbury, Otago en West Coast, [[Noord-Eiland]], waarvan hulle vier wedstryde gewen en drie verloor het; hulle het nie teen ’n nasionale span gespeel nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Winston McCarthy |title=Haka! The All Blacks Story |publisher=Pelham Books |location=London |year=1968 |isbn=978-0-7207-0206-4 |pages=12}}</ref> Twee jaar later het die eerste Nieu-Seelandse span na oorsee getoer. Hulle het teen verskeie spanne uit Nieu-Suid-Wallis te staan gekom en al die wedstryde gewen.<ref name="NSWTour">{{en}} {{cite book |author=Phil Gifford |title=The Passion: The Stories Behind 125 years of Canterbury Rugby |publisher=Wilson Scott Publishing |location=Christchurch |year=2004 |isbn=0-9582535-1-X |pages=29}}</ref> Die eerste besoek deur ’n Britse span het in 1888 plaasgevind toe ’n privaat georganiseerde [[Britse en Ierse Leeus|Britse Eilande]]-span Australië en Nieu-Seeland besoek het; geen toetswedstryde is egter gespeel nie. Die spelers was meestal afkomstig uit Engeland en die Scottish Borders, alhoewel daar verteenwoordigers uit al die vier Tuisunies was.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Phil Gifford |title=The Passion: The Stories Behind 125 years of Canterbury Rugby |publisher=Wilson Scott Publishing |location=Christchurch |year=2004 |isbn=0-9582535-1-X |pages=29–30}}</ref>
=== ’n Internasionale kompetisie begin ===
[[Lêer:Original allblacks.jpg|duimnael|links|Die 1905-All Blacks, bekend as die ''Originals'']]
[[Lêer:Lion rugby.jpg|duimnael|Die Nieu-Seelandse katjie oorwen die Engelse leeu (spotprent in ''Punch'')]]
[[Lêer:Wales-v-New-Zealand-1905.jpg|duimnael|links|’n Lynstaan tydens die 1905-wedstryd teen Wallis – die enigste wat die All Blacks tydens die toer verloor het]]
In 1888 en 1889 het die ''New Zealand Natives'', ’n deur privaatpersone geborgde, nieamptelike en amper slegs uit [[Maori|Māori]] bestaande span, die eerste keurspan uit ’n [[Britse Ryk|Britse kolonie]] geword om in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk van Groot-Brittanje en Ierland|Verenigde Koninkryk]] wedstryde te speel. In 1892 is die Nieu-Seelandse Rugbyvoetbalunie (NZRFU) gestig wat sewe unies, maar nie Canterbury, Otago en Southland nie, verteenwoordig het. Canterbury, Otago en Southland het beswaar aangeteken teen die vereiste dat NZRFU uitvoerende komiteelede in [[Wellington, Nieu-Seeland|Wellington]] moes bly. Hulle het uiteindelik almal by die NZRFU aangesluit, al is die woonplekreël eers in 1986 verander.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Phil Gifford |title=The Passion: The Stories Behind 125 years of Canterbury Rugby |publisher=Wilson Scott Publishing |location=Christchurch |year=2004 |isbn=0-9582535-1-X |pages=32}}</ref> Die eerste deur die NZRFU goedgekeurde amptelike Nieu-Seelandse span het in Julie 1893 deur Nieu-Suid-Wallis en Queensland getoer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/teamsheet.asp?MT_ID=1021 |title=1893: in New South Wales and Queensland |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die span se eerste regte internasionale wedstryd was op 15 Augustus 1903 voor ’n skare van 30 000 op die [[Sydney-krieketveld]], wat hulle met 22–3 teen die Australiërs gewen het.<ref name="firsttest">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/teamsheet.asp?MT_ID=1045 |title=Match Centre – All Blacks vs Australia |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
In 1905 het die eerste amptelike verteenwoordigende Nieu-Seelandse span na [[Groot-Brittanje]], [[Ierland]], [[Frankryk]] en [[Kalifornië]] getoer. Tydens hierdie toer het die bynaam ''All Blacks'' ([[Afrikaans]]: “die geheel en al in swart geklee”) ontstaan, en na dié span is later as ''Original All Blacks'' (“Oorspronklike All Blacks”) verwys. Hulle het 35 wedstryde gespeel, waaronder vyf toetswedstryde. Die ''Originals'' se enigste nederlaag tydens die toer was ’n 0–3 teen [[Walliese nasionale rugbyspan|Wallis]] in [[Cardiff]]; in al die ander wedstryde het hulle slegs oorwinnings aangeteken.<ref name="OriginalsTourStats">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/tourbreak.asp?IDID=11 |title=Match Centre – in the British Isles, France and North America |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Dié wedstryd is as gevolg van die omstredenheid aangaande ’n betwiste drie deur die All Black-speler Bob Deans in die volksgeskiedenis van beide lande opgeneem. Indien die drie nie toegelaat sou wees nie sou die wedstryd in ’n 3–3 gelykopuitslag geëindig het. Met hierdie toer het die Nieu-Seelanders hul posisie as een van die vorste nasionale rugbyspanne bewys. ’n Span wat die Britse Eilande verteenwoordig het, wat as die ''Anglo-Welsh'' bekend gestaan het aangesien dit slegs uit Engelse en Walliese spelers bestaan het, het Nieu-Seeland in 1908 besoek en is met 2–0 deur die All Blacks verslaan, nadat die derde wedstryd in ’n gelykop geëindig het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Winston McCarthy |title=Haka! The All Blacks Story |publisher=Pelham Books |location=London |year=1968 |isbn=978-0-7207-0206-4 |pages=56}}</ref> Behalwe vir ’n tweemaandse toer in 1913 na die westelike [[Verenigde State van Amerika|Verenigde State]] en [[Brits-Columbië]] het die All Blacks tot ná die einde van die [[Eerste Wêreldoorlog]] slegs teen Australië en verskeie provinsiale spanne te staan gekom. Tussen 1915 en 1919 het geen toetswedstryde plaasgevind nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Winston McCarthy |title=Haka! The All Blacks Story |publisher=Pelham Books |location=Londen |year=1968 |isbn=978-0-7207-0206-4 |pages=61}}</ref>
=== Ontstaan van ’n legende ===
[[Lêer:1924 invincibles all blacks.jpg|duimnael|''The Invincibles'' All Blacks wat in 1924–25 na die Britse Eilande en Frankryk getoer het]]
[[Lêer:Allblacks haka 1932.jpg|duimnael|Die All Blacks op die hoogtepunt van hul haka voor ’n toets teen Australië in 1932]]
[[Lêer:NoMaorisNoTour.jpg|duimnael|Aankondiging van ’n protesvergadering deur die Nieu-Seelandse “Burgerlike All Blacks Toervereniging” (1959)]]
Ná die einde van die oorlog het ’n keurspan van die Nieu-Seelandse Weermag in Engeland aan die King’s-beker deelgeneem. Hulle het die trofee ingepalm en tydens die volgende jare die kerngroep van die All Blacks gevorm.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/1987-ruby-world-cup/origins-of-international-rugby |title=Origins of international rugby |work=New Zealand History |publisher=Ministerie van Kultuur en Erfenis |date=2 Oktober 2014 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Tydens die Suid-Afrikaanse toer na Australasië in 1921 het die wedywering tussen die [[Suid-Afrika]]anse [[Springbokke]] en die Nieu-Seelandse All Blacks wat tot op hede voortduur ’n aanvang geneem. Albei spanne is reeds as die beste spanne wêreldwyd beskou, maar het nog nie een toetswedstryd teen mekaar gespeel nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Grant Harding, David Williams |title=The Toughest of Them All: New Zealand and South Africa, the Struggle for Rugby Supremacy |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Auckland/New York |year=2000 |isbn=0-14-029577-1 |pages=16}}</ref> Die strawwe toer het helaas gelykop geëindig, nadat die drie wedstryde in ’n oorwinning, ’n gelykop en ’n nederlaag geëindig het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Grant Harding, David Williams |title=The Toughest of Them All: New Zealand and South Africa, the Struggle for Rugby Supremacy |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Auckland/New York |year=2000 |isbn=0-14-029577-1 |pages=20–21}}</ref><ref name="1921Springboks">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/tourbreak.asp?IDID=19 |title=Match Centre – South Africa and New South Wales in New Zealand |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die All Blacks het daarna in 1928 na Suid-Afrika gereis vir ’n reeks wat weereens gelykop geëindig het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Grant Harding, David Williams |title=The Toughest of Them All: New Zealand and South Africa, the Struggle for Rugby Supremacy |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Auckland/New York |year=2000 |isbn=0-14-029577-1 |pages=234–235}}</ref>
Ná ’n onderbreking van amper twintig jaar het die NZRFU in 1924 weer ’n toer na Europa gereël, wat naas 28 wedstryde teen klubs en provinsiale spanne ook vier toetswedstryde ingesluit het. Die 1924-All Black-besoekers aan die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] is die bynaam ''The Invincibles'' (“die onoorwinlike”) gegee, aangesien hulle al hulle wedstryde gewen het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/tourbreak.asp?IDID=22 |title=Match Centre – in Australia, the British Isles, France and Canada |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die span is egter van ’n kans op ’n volle Grand Slam (oorwinnings oor al die vier Britse spanne tydens dieselfde toer) ontneem nadat [[Skotse nasionale rugbyspan|Skotland]] geweier het om te speel, aangesien die toer deur die [[Engelse Rugbyvoetbalunie]] gereël is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Ron Palenski |title=Century in Black: 100 Years of All Black Test Rugby |publisher=Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers |location=Auckland |year=2003 |isbn=1-86958-937-8 |pages=42}}</ref> Die eerste werklik-verteenwoordigende Britse Eilande-span, saamgestel uit spelers van al die vier Tuisunies (vandag bekend as die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus]]) het Nieu-Seeland in 1930 besoek. Alhoewel die Leeus die eerste toetswedstryd gewen het, het die tuisspan herstel en die toetsreeks met 3–1 gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Winston McCarthy |title=Haka! The All Blacks Story |publisher=Pelham Books |location=London |year=1968 |isbn=978-0-7207-0206-4 |pages=132–134}}</ref> Nieu-Seeland het die Verenigde Koninkryk vir ’n reeks van 30 wedstryde in 1935–36 weer besoek, waarvan hulle slegs drie wedstryde, insluitend twee toetswedstryde, verloor het.<ref name="1935AllBlackTour">{{en}} {{cite web| url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/tourbreak.asp?IDID=33 |title=Match Centre – in the British Isles and Canada |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> In een van die nederlae het Prins Alexander Obolensky twee skitterende drieë gedruk om Engeland met 13–0 te laat wen, waarmee hulle hul eerste oorwinning oor die All Blacks aangeteken het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/suffolk/7813726.stm |title=Statue for rugby's Russian prince |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=9 Januarie 2009 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
In 1937 het Suid-Afrika ’n reeksoorwinning oor die All Blacks in Nieu-Seeland behaal. Die All Blacks het die eerste toetswedstryd gewen, maar die Springbokke het in die twee oorblywende toetswedstryde geseëvier. Vervolgens is die 1937-Springbokke as die beste span beskryf, wat “Nieu-Seeland ooit verlaat het”.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Ron Palenski |title=Century in Black: 100 Years of All Black Test Rugby |publisher=Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers |location=Auckland |year=2003 |isbn=1-86958-937-8 |pages=192}}</ref><ref name="56Springboks">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbymuseum.co.nz/asp/container_pages/normal_menu/rmArticle.asp?IDID=152 |title=THE 1956 SPRINGBOK TOUR |publisher=New Zealand Rugby Museum |accessdate=5 Junie 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120605005815/http://www.rugbymuseum.co.nz/asp/container_pages/normal_menu/rmArticle.asp?IDID=152 |archive-date=5 Junie 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
=== Naoorlogse tydperk ===
In 1949 het die Nieu-Seelandse beheerliggaam saam met sy [[Rugby Australia|Australiese]] en [[Suid-Afrikaanse Rugbyunie|Suid-Afrikaanse]] eweknieë volle lede geword van die Internasionale Rugbyvoetbalraad (IRVR; nou [[Wêreldrugby]]) wat voorheen slegs uit verteenwoordigers van [[Engelse Rugbyvoetbalunie|Engeland]], [[Ierse Rugbyvoetbalunie|Ierland]], [[Skotse Rugbyunie|Skotland]] en [[Walliese Rugbyunie|Wallis]] bestaan het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/timeline1940s.htm |title=Historical Rugby Milestones 1940s |publisher=rugbyfootballhistory.com |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die All Blacks sou eers in dieselfde jaar, ná die einde van die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]], weer teen Suid-Afrika speel toe hulle die land met Fred Allen as kaptein besoek het. ’n Berugte All Blacks-rekord is tydens dié besoek opgestel — die All Blacks se nederlaag in twee toetswedstryde op een dag. Gelyktydig het die Wallabies ’n toer na Nieu-Seeland onderneem, omdat die Māorispelers as gevolg van die Apartheidpolitik nie vir die wedstryde teen die Springbokke gekies is nie en saam met reserwespelers ’n tweede span gevorm het. Vervolgens het die Springbokke slegs teen ''Pākehā'' (Nieu-Seelanders met ’n Europese afkoms) gespeel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Max Howell |title=Born to Lead: Wallaby Test Captains |publisher=Celebrity Books |location=North Harbour |year=2005 |isbn=1-877252-18-2 |pages=128}}</ref> Die beperking vir nieblanke spelers was tot die 1970-toer in werking, toe vier spelers met ’n Māori- en ’n Samoaanse herkoms as “eerblankes” na Suid-Afrika kon gaan.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Malcolm Mulholland |title=Beneath the Maori Moon: An Illustrated History of Maori Rugby |publisher=Huia Publishers |location=Wellington |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-86969-305-3 |pages=164–165}}</ref> Op die middag van 3 September (Nieu-Seelandse tyd) is die All Blacks onder kaptein J. B. (Johnny) Smith in Wellington deur Australië met 11–6 verslaan.<ref name=AustLoss>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/teamsheet.asp?MT_ID=1362 |title=All Blacks vs Australia |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Dieselfde middag in Suid-Afrika (Suid-Afrikaanse tyd) het die All Blacks onder kaptein Ron Elvidge (Allen was beseer) met 3–9 teen die Springbokke in [[Durban]] verloor.<ref name=SALoss>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/teamsheet.asp?MT_ID=1363 |title=Match Centre – All Blacks vs South Africa |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die All Blacks in Nieu-Seeland het ook hulle tweede toets met 16–9 verloor, wat dit vir Australië moontlik gemaak het om die Bledisloebeker vir die eerste keer te wen. Alhoewel elke wedstryd ’n taai stryd was het die All Blacks die reeks met 0–4 verloor het, tot op hede ’n negatiewe rekord vir die All Blacks.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Winston McCarthy |title=Haka! The All Blacks Story |publisher=Pelham Books |location=London |year=1968 |isbn=978-0-7207-0206-4 |pages=207}}</ref> Sedertdien staan die jaar 1949 vir die All Blacks as “verskriklike jaar” bekend, aangesien hulle hul ses toetswedstryde dié jaar verloor het. Die NZRFU het vervolgens daarop besluit om hul kragte saam te snoer en voortaan geen tweede span gelyktydig te laat speel nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Winston McCarthy |title=Haka! The All Blacks Story |publisher=Pelham Books |location=Londen |year=1968 |isbn=978-0-7207-0206-4 |pages=217–218}}</ref>
Die twee reeksnederlae teen Suid-Afrika het beteken dat die Springbokke se 1956-besoek aan Nieu-Seeland met groot afwagting ingewag is. Die All Blacks se kaptein was Bob Duff en die [[afrigter]] Bob Stuart. Die 3–1-reeksoorwinning was die eerste oor die Springbokke en ook die Springbokke se eerste reeksnederlaag teen enige teenstander.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Grant Harding, David Williams |title=The Toughest of Them All: New Zealand and South Africa, the Struggle for Rugby Supremacy |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Auckland/New York |year=2000 |isbn=0-14-029577-1 |pages=52–53}}</ref><ref name="1956stats">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/tourbreak.asp?IDID=46 |title=Match Centre – South Africa in New Zealand |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref name="1956Springboks">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbymuseum.co.nz/asp/container_pages/normal_menu/rmArticle.asp?IDID=152 |title=THE 1956 SPRINGBOK TOUR |publisher=New Zealand Rugby Museum |accessdate=5 Junie 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120605005815/http://www.rugbymuseum.co.nz/asp/container_pages/normal_menu/rmArticle.asp?IDID=152 |archive-date=5 Junie 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Tydens dié reeks het die All Blacks Don Clarke en Kevin Skinner vir die laaste twee toetswedstryde benoem om die oorwinning te help verseker.<ref name="1956Springboks" /> Skinner is ingesluit om die Springbokstutte “uit te sorteer” terwyl Don Clark weens sy doelskopvermoeë vervolgens bekend sou staan as “The Boot”.<ref name="SkinnerProfile">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/Profile.asp?ABID=798 |title=Kevin Skinner |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref name="TheBoot">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzhalloffame.co.nz/New-Zealand-Sports-Hall-of-Fame-Inductees/C/Don-Clarke |title=Don Clarke (1933–2002) |publisher=New Zealand Hall of Fame |accessdate=9 Maart 2026 |archive-date= 7 Maart 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260307082410/https://www.nzhalloffame.co.nz/New-Zealand-Sports-Hall-of-Fame-Inductees/C/Don-Clarke |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Die All Blacks se 3–1 reeksoorwinning oor die Leeus in 1959 het ’n dominante tydperk van All Black-rugby ingelui.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Winston McCarthy |title=Haka! The All Blacks Story |publisher=Pelham Books |location=Londen |year=1968 |isbn=978-0-7207-0206-4 |pages=267–272}}</ref> Dit is opgevolg deur ’n 1963–64-toer na die Verenigde Koninkryk, gelei deur Wilson Whineray, wat baie naby aan ’n Grand Slam gekom het maar daarvan ontneem is deur ’n puntelose gelykopuitslag teen Skotland.<ref name="GrandSlamAttempts">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=10357266 |title=Beach beckons as All Blacks celebrate history |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=27 November 2005 |accessdate=30 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014500/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/event/story.cfm?c_id=1500971&ObjectID=10357266 |archive-date=30 September 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die enigste nederlaag op die toer was teen Newport RFC wat die All Blacks op 30 Oktober 1963 met 3–0 by Rodney Parade, Newport, geklop het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.historyofnewport.co.uk/games/games.php?id=000018 |title=New Zealand, 30 October 1963 |work=History of Newport |publisher=Newport RFC |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Later sou die 1967-span drie toetswedstryde wen, maar hulle kon nie teen Ierland speel nie as gevolg van ’n [[bek-en-klouseer]]-bedreiging, waarvolgens die All Blacks die Grand Slam nie meer kon aanteken nie.<ref name="GrandSlamAttempts" /> Die toer het deel gevorm van die All Blacks se langste segetog tussen 1965 en 1970 waartydens hulle 17 toetsoorwinnings behaal het;<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Ron Palenski |title=Century in Black: 100 Years of All Black Test Rugby |publisher=Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers |location=Auckland |year=2003 |isbn=1-86958-937-8 |pages=269}}</ref> dié rekord is in 1998 deur die Springbokke geëwenaar en in 2010 deur Litaue verbeter.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=10640778 |title=Lithuania sets rugby record |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=25 April 2010 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}} {{dooie skakel}}</ref>
Alhoewel die 1966-Leeus tydens hulle Nieu-Seelandse toer met 4–0 verslaan is, is die geluk vyf jaar later omgekeer toe die 1971-Leeus, onder die kapteinskap van die Wallieser John Dawes, die All Blacks in ’n toetsreeks met 2–1 (met een gelykop) verslaan het wat tot op hede steeds die Leeus se enigste reeksoorwinning oor Nieu-Seeland is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/tourbreak.asp?IDID=65 |title=Match Centre – British Isles in New Zealand |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> In 1972/73 het die All Blacks ’n Europatoer van 32 wedstryde aangepak. Die 1972/3-besoekers aan die Britse Eilande het as gevolg van ’n gelykopuitslag teen Ierland net-net nie daarin geslaag om ’n Grand Slam te behaal nie.<ref name="GrandSlamAttempts" /> Die toer is ook noemenswaardig vir die huistoe stuur van die stut Keith Murdoch wat na bewering tydens feesvieringe ná die oorwinning oor Wallis betrokke was by ’n kroeggeveg in ’n [[Cardiff]]hotel.<ref name="MurdochHome">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/all-blacks/news/article.cfm?c_id=116&objectid=10348988 |title=Disgraced All Black 'heroic' in dignified silence |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |author=Robert Lowe |date=7 Oktober 2005 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}} {{dooie skakel}}</ref>
In 1978 het Graham Mourie die All Blacks aangevoer tydens hulle eerste Grand Slam wat met ’n 13–12-oorwinning oor Wallis beklink is. Die wedstryd het tot groot omstredenheid gelei nadat die All Blacks gewen het as gevolg van ’n strafskop laat in die wedstryd.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=10541667 |title=Rugby's 10 worst refereeing howlers |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |author=Steve Deane |date=7 November 2008 |accessdate=23 Oktober 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023101148/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=10541667 |archive-date=23 Oktober 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die slot Andy Haden het in ’n poging om die strafskop te bekom uit die lynstaan geduik; die strafskop wat deur die skeidsregter Roger Quittenton toegeken het was egter teen Wallis se slot Geoff Wheel wat van die skouer van Frank Oliver afgespring het.<ref name="HadenDive">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.tiscali.co.uk/news/newswire.php/news/reuters/2005/11/24/sport/mouriehasmixedemotionsoverhadendive.html |title=Mourie has mixed emotions over Haden dive |publisher=tiscali.co.uk |date=24 November 2005 |author=John Mehaffey |accessdate=12 Oktober 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012004557/http://tiscali.co.uk/news/newswire.php/news/reuters/2005/11/24/sport/mouriehasmixedemotionsoverhadendive.html |archive-date=12 Oktober 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die All Blacks se enigste nederlaag tydens die toer was die berugte 0–12-nederlaag teen die Ierse provinsie [[Munster Rugby|Munster]] op Thomond Park.<ref name="MunsterLoss">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/observer/osm/story/0,,678170,00.html |title=The 10 greatest shocks in sport's history |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |author=Oliver Irish |date=7 April 2002 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die nederlaag het bekendheid verwerf deur die toneelstuk “Alone it Stands” deur John Breen.<ref name="AsitStands">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://nbr.co.nz/smythe/2005/04/alone-it-stands-at-court-theatre.html |title=Alone It Stands – at Court Theatre |publisher=nbr.co.nz/smythe |author=John Smythe |date=1 April 2004 |accessdate=17 Augustus 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050817144751/http://nbr.co.nz/smythe/2005/04/alone-it-stands-at-court-theatre.html |archive-date=17 Augustus 2005 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://culturevulture.net/theater/alone-it-stands-john-breen/ |title=Alone It Stands – John Breen |publisher=Culture Vulture |date=6 Junie 2001 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
=== Omstrede toere ===
[[Lêer:AllblacksItalia1980.jpg|duimnael|Die All Blacks teen Italië in 1980]]
[[Lêer:1981-springbok-tour-auckland-entry-to-ground.jpg|duimnael|[[Polisie]] buite [[Edenparkstadion|Edenpark]] voor ’n All Blacks-wedstryd tydens die Springbok-toer in 1981]]
[[Lêer:Argentina vs all blacks reid running.jpg|duimnael|Die All Blacks speel teen Argentinië tydens hul 1985-toer]]
Uit ’n sportiewe oogpunt was die uit 24 wedstryde bestaande All Blacks se 1976-toer na Suid-Afrika minder suksesvol: Die All Blacks het drie wedstryde teen provinsiale spanne en ook drie van hul vier toetswedstryde teen die Springbokke verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/tourbreak.asp?IDID=74 |title=Match Centre – in South Africa |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Dié toer na Suid-Afrika het veral tot politieke opslae gelei. Weens die Suid-Afrikaanse apartheidsbeleid het baie Māori geweier om in Suid-Afrika te speel. Vanaf die begin van die 1960’s is met openbare proteste en politieke druk probeer om die NZRFU te oortuig, om óf hoegenaamd geen Māori te keur nie óf toere na Suid-Afrika nie te onderneem nie. Terwyl die eerste minister Norman Kirk in 1973 ’n toer van die All Blacks na Suid-Afrika verbied het, het sy opvolger Robert Muldoon in 1976 egter sy toestemming vir ’n toer van die All Blacks na Suid-Afrika gegee.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10392040 |title=It's time to close the final chapter |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=19 Julie 2006 |accessdate=7 Junie 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607180030/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10392040 |archive-date=7 Junie 2020 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Nadat die span ondanks skerp proteste na Suid-Afrika vertrek het, het ’n aantal Afrikalande die uitsluiting van Nieu-Seeland van die [[Olimpiese Somerspele 1976]] geëis. Die [[Internasionale Olimpiese Komitee]] het egter nie gereageer nie aangesien rugby destyds nie ’n Olimpiese sportsoort was nie. Vervolgens het 28 oorwegend Afrikalande die Olimpiese Spele in [[Montreal]] geboikot.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Volker Kluge |title=Olympische Sommerspiele – Die Chronik III |publisher=Sportverlag |location=Berlyn |year=2000 |isbn=3-328-00741-5 |pages=450–451}}</ref> Die All Blacks kon weereens nie daarin slaag om ’n toetsreeks in Suid-Afrika te wen nie en sou dit eers in 1996, ná die einde van [[Apartheid]], reggekry. Die 1976-toer het bygedra tot die Gleneagles-ooreenkoms wat deur die Staatshoofde van die [[Britse Statebond]] in 1977 goedgekeur is en enige sportiewe verbintenis met Suid-Afrika verbied het.<ref name="Gleneagles">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/1981-springbok-tour/gleneagles-agreement |title=From Montreal to Gleneagles |work=New Zealand History |publisher=Minister van Kultuur en Erfenis |date=11 April 2014 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
Die 1981-Springbokrugbytoer na Nieu-Seeland het gelei tot betogings teen Suid-Afrika se apartheidsbeleid<ref name="1981wairarapa">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://wairarapa.co.nz/times-age/weekly/2001/springboks_tour.html |title=Dark days of thunder – when a free nation confronted apartheid in sport |publisher=wairarapa.co.nz |author=Sharpe Marty |date=25 Augustus 2001 |accessdate=17 Februarie 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060217223452/http://wairarapa.co.nz/times-age/weekly/2001/springboks_tour.html |archive-date=17 Februarie 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> op ’n skaal wat sedert die 1951-waterfrontdispuut nie in Nieu-Seeland gesien is nie.<ref name="CountryDivided">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/springbok-tour |title=A country divided |work=New Zealand History |publisher=Ministerie van Kultuur en Erfenis |accessdate=24 Oktober 2012 |author=Steve Watters |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6Ber9dKmf?url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/1981-springbok-tour |archive-date=24 Oktober 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die NZRU het die Springbokke na Nieu-Seeland uitgenooi omdat die [[Robert Muldoon|Muldoon]]-regering geweier het om politiek en sport te meng.<ref name="Gleneagles" /> Reeds voor die begin van die toer is dié besluit skerp gekritiseer. Baie het dit as ondersteuning van ’n blanke oorheersing in Suid-Afrika beskou, terwyl ander na die gespanne verhoudings met die Māori tuis verwys het. Vanaf einde Julie tot middel September het die deur die NZRFU uitgenooide Suid-Afrikaners 17 wedstryde in Nieu-Seeland, waaronder drie toetswedstryde teen die All Blacks, gespeel. Alhoewel die All Blacks die toetsreeks gewen het, is twee van die toer se provinsiale wedstryde gekanselleer. Die wedstryde het groot skare gelok, maar die hele toer is gekenmerk deur geweld en betogings. In [[Hamilton, Nieu-Seeland|Hamilton]] het 350 betogers die versperrings verwyder, die speelveld ingestorm en ’n kansellasie van die wedstryd afgedwing.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/video/game-cancelled-in-hamilton |title=Game cancelled in Hamilton, 1981 Springbok tour |work=New Zealand History |publisher=Ministerie van Kultuur en Erfenis |date=4 Julie 2006 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> In [[Timaru]] moes ook ’n wedstryd afgelas word en Wellington het herhaaldelike straatgevegte gesien. Gedurende die laaste wedstryd in [[Auckland]] is uit ’n laag vlieënde vliegtuig meelsakke, pamflette en ’n plakkaat wat [[Steve Biko]] gehuldig het op die speelveld in [[Edenparkstadion|Edenpark]] neergegooi.<ref name="Tour Diary">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/1981-springbok-tour/tour-diary |title='A war played out twice a week' |work=New Zealand History |publisher=Ministerie van Kultuur en Erfenis |author=Steve Watters |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Tydens die toer het die land onrus deurgemaak en die toer het ’n beduidende impak op die Nieu-Seelandse samelewing gehad.<ref name="1981wairarapa" /><ref name="Tour Diary" /><ref name="TurningPoint">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10390269 |title=Protests a turning point in the history of New Zealand |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |author=Ruth Hill |date=8 Julie 2006 |accessdate=29 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929121654/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/4/story.cfm?c_id=4&ObjectID=10390269 |archive-date=29 September 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
In 1985 het, te midde van ondersteuning en teenkanting in die land, voorbereidings vir ’n beplande All Black-toer na Suid-Afrika plaasgevind. ’n Toerspan is gekies en sou oor vyf dae na Suid-Afrika vertrek toe die hooggeregshof in Nieu-Seeland op 21 Junie 1985 ’n interdik toegestaan het om die toer te stop. Die regters het beslis dat die toer nie in die grondwetlike belang van die Nieu-Seelandse Rugbyvoetbalunie ten einde van die bevordering van die spel was nie.<ref name="TurningPoint" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/journals/VUWLRev/1999/32.html |title=Fictions in the thought of Sir John Salmond |publisher=Victoria University of Wellington Law Review |date=1999 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Nieu-Seeland se eerste minister, David Lange, het verklaar dat die span nie as verteenwoordigers van die [[Nieu-Seeland Rugby|Nieu-Seelandse Rugbyunie]] kon toer nie maar dat spelers as “indiwidue” kon gaan. Spelers het ’n private toer gereël, maar dié is ook afgelas en ’n toer na Argentinië is pleks van die toer na Suid-Afrika gereël.
Beide in Suid-Afrika en Nieu-Seeland was daar mense wat steeds ’n toer van Nieu-Seeland na Suid-Afrika sou ondersteun het. ’n Toer deur ’n span wat as die Kavaliers bekend gestaan het, het in 1986 plaasgevind deur ’n span wat 28 van die 30 spelers wat vir die 1985-All Blacks-toer gekies is, ingesluit het. Baie spelers, wat nie by die verbod gehou het nie, het in 1986 ’n rebelletoer na Suid-Afrika onderneem wat nie deur die NZRU goedgekeur is nie. Die span, genaamd die Nieu-Seeland Kavaliers, het egter baie van die All Blacks uit die tydperk ingesluit.<ref name="CavaliersABs">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbymuseum.co.nz/ABProfilee.asp?level1=All_Blacks&Level2=ABC&IDID=289 |title=Bernie Fraser |publisher=New Zealand Rugby Museum |author=Bob Luxford |accessdate=24 Oktober 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BerCy1qE?url=http://www.rugbymuseum.co.nz/ABProfilee.asp?level1=All_Blacks |archive-date=24 Oktober 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="CABlazey">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.dnzb.govt.nz/dnzb/default.asp?Find_Quick.asp?PersonEssay=5B31 |title=Blazey, Cecil Albert 1909–1998 |publisher=Dictionary of New Zealand Biography |author=Julia Millen |date=7 April 2006 |accessdate=24 Oktober 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BerF93Rm?url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/5b31/1 |archive-date=24 Oktober 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die spelers wat aan die toer deelgeneem het is deur die NZRU verban ná hulle terugkeer na Nieu-Seeland.<ref name="RugbyTime">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rfu.com/microsites/museum/index.cfm?fuseaction=faqs.chronology |title=Rugby Chronology |publisher=[[Engelse Rugbyvoetbalunie|Rugbyvoetbalunie]] |accessdate=7 Augustus 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807065328/http://www.rfu.com/microsites/museum/index.cfm?fuseaction=faqs.chronology |archive-date=7 Augustus 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="tour1985">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/media/photo/cavaliers-rugby-tour-1986 |title=Cavaliers rugby tour, 1986 |work=New Zealand History |publisher=Ministerie van Kultuur en Erfenis |date=12 Junie 2014 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die Kavaliers het twaalf wedstryde in Suid-Afrika gespeel, insluitend vier wat as “toetswedstryde” bestempel is. Die Springbokke het die eerste, derde en vierde toetswedstryde gewen en die rebelle kon nie die droom om die Springbokke in Suid-Afrika te klop verwesenlik nie. Die Geel Bladsye het die toer met R2,5 miljoen geborg wat beskryf is as die grootste rugbyborgskap in Suid-Afrika tot op daardie stadium. Gerugte het die rondte gedoen dat die spelers betaal is, op ’n stadium toe rugby nog streng ’n amateursport was.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbymuseum.co.nz/asp/container_pages/normal_menu/rmArticle.asp?IDID=154 |title=The 1986 Cavaliers Tour |publisher=New Zealand Rugby Museum |accessdate=26 Augustus 2007}} {{dooie skakel}}</ref> Die hoofinpak van die Kavalierstoer in Nieu-Seeland was ontwrigting van die All Blacks se voorbereiding op die eerste [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooi in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]]. Die rebelle is baie lig gestraf en is slegs vir twee toetswedstryde geskors. Lede van die Kavaliers het maklik gemeng met hul tydelike plaasvervangers, die sogenaamde ‘Baby Blacks’. Die Kavaliers se beproewing op die Suid-Afrikaanse Hoëveld het waarskynlik bygedra tot die All Blacks se oorwinning tydens die eerste wêreldbeker. Meer as die helfte van die span wat Frankryk in die eindstryd geklop het, was voormalige Kavaliers.<ref name="tour1985" /><ref name="nzhistory">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/media/photo/cavaliers-rugby-tour-1985 |title=The 'Cavaliers' and the 1987 rugby world cup |work=New Zealand History |publisher=Ministerie van Kultuur en Erfenis |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Eers in 1992, ná die apartheidsera, het weer toetswedstryde tussen Nieu-Seeland en Suid-Afrika plaasgevind.
=== Vroeë wêreldbekertoernooie ===
[[Lêer:Webb Ellis Cup.jpg|duimnael|upright|Die [[Webb Ellis-beker]] is op die spel tydens rugbywêreldbekertoernooie]]
Die Nieu-Seelandse en Australiese rugbyunies was toonaangewend by die invoering van die [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooi, waarvolgens beide Nieu-Seeland en Australië die eerste [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987]] aangebied het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/1987-rugby-world-cup/the-world-cup-is-born |title=1987 Rugby World Cup: The long road to the cup |publisher=New Zealand History |date=2021 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die All Blacks het aan hul status as algehele gunstelinge voldoen. Ná drie maklike oorwinnings tydens die groepfase oor [[Italiaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Italië]], [[Fidjiaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Fidji]] en [[Argentynse nasionale rugbyspan|Argentinië]] het hulle Skotland in die kwarteindstryd en Wallis in die halfeindstryd verslaan. In die eindstryd op [[Edenparkstadion|Edenpark]] in [[Auckland]] het hulle [[Franse nasionale rugbyspan|Frankryk]] met 29–9 geklop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1987/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1987: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Nieu-Seeland het slegs 52 punte afgestaan en 43 drieë aangeteken.<ref name="1987RWC">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbymuseum.co.nz/toursbreak.asp?level1=All_Black_Tests&Level2=ABC&IDID=103 |title=World Cup in New Zealand and Australia |publisher=New Zealand Rugby Museum |accessdate=24 Oktober 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BerL29Xf?url=http://www.rugbymuseum.co.nz/toursbreak.asp?level1=All_Black_Tests |archive-date=24 Oktober 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="ruwc">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/rwc.asp |title=Match Centre – All Blacks at the Rugby World Cup |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die All Blacks se meerderwaardigheid was ook tydens die 1988-toer na Australië duidelik, toe hulle onoorwonne gebly het (twaalf oorwinnings en een gelykop).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/tourbreak.asp?IDID=107 |title=Match Centre – in Australia |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die jaar 1989 het nog beter verloop, toe die All Blacks al hul 19 wedstryde gewen het (waaronder sewe toetswedstryde). In Augustus 1990 is hulle vir die eerste keer in vier jaar deur die Wallabies verslaan.
Voor die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991]] was die All Blacks ’n verouderde span wat deur Alex Wyllie en John Hart saam afgerig is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Ron Palenski |title=Century in Black: 100 Years of All Black Test Rugby |publisher=Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers |location=Auckland |year=2003 |isbn=1-86958-937-8 |pages=227}}</ref> Hulle het gesukkel tydens die groepwedstryde teen Engeland, die [[Verenigde State se nasionale rugbyspan|VSA]] en Italië, maar het daarin geslaag om hulle kwarteindstryd teen [[Kanadese nasionale rugbyspan|Kanada]] te wen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Ron Palenski |title=Century in Black: 100 Years of All Black Test Rugby |publisher=Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers |location=Auckland |year=2003 |isbn=1-86958-937-8 |pages=228}}</ref> Hulle is daarna deur die latere kampioen Australië met 16–6 in die halfeindstryd op Lansdowne Road in Dublin geklop. Hulle het Skotland tydens die klein finale om die derde plek verslaan.<ref name="ruwc" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1991/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1991: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Kort ná die toernooi het baie spelers en die afrigter, Wyllie, wat ’n 86%-wentempo in 29 toetse behaal het, uitgetree.<ref name="Palenski290">{{en}} {{cite book |author=Ron Palenski |title=Century in Black: 100 Years of All Black Test Rugby |publisher=Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers |location=Auckland |year=2003 |isbn=1-86958-937-8 |pages=290}}</ref> Die aansienlik jonger span het aanvanklik nie op die gewone hoë vlak gespeel nie en in 1994 twee tuiswedstryde agtereenvolgens teen Frankryk verloor.
Laurie Mains het in 1992 Wyllie vervang en opdrag gekry om die span op die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995]] in Suid-Afrika voor te berei. Die All Blacks was weereens die gunstelinge om die toernooi te wen.<ref name="1995Favourites">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://worldcupweb.com/WCrugby/donews.asp?ID=1634 |title=All set for World Cup semis |publisher=worldcupweb.com |date=14 November 2003 |accessdate=11 November 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111001951/http://www.worldcupweb.com/WCrugby/donews.asp?ID=1634 |archive-date=11 November 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Hulle status as gunstelinge is bevestig toe hulle Ierland en Wallis tydens die groepfase verslaan het. [[Japannese nasionale rugbyspan|Japan]] is met 145–17 verslaan, tot vandag toe hul hoogste oorwinning. Hulle het voortgegaan, toe ’n jong [[Jonah Lomu]] vier drieë teen Engeland gedruk het in die All Blacks se 45–29 halfeindstrydoorwinning.<ref name="Jonah">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbymuseum.co.nz/ABProfilee.asp?level1=All_Blacks&Level2=ABC&IDID=506 |title=Jonah Tali Lomu |publisher=New Zealand Rugby Museum |author=Lindsay Knight |accessdate=14 Maart 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314224022/http://www.rugbymuseum.co.nz/ABProfilee.asp?level1=All_Blacks&Level2=ABC&IDID=506 |archive-date=14 Maart 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die All Blacks sou egter op die ou einde in die eindstryd teen die gasheer in hulle eerste wêreldbekertoernooi in ekstra tyd verloor toe die Spingboklosskakel [[Joel Stransky]] die beker met ’n skepskop beklink het.<ref name="ruwc" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1995/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1995: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die All Blacks is skynbaar deur ’n onheilspellende voedselvergiftiging van die vorige dag geteister. Tot vandag toe bestaan samesweringsteorië, waarvolgens Suid-Afrikaanse Rugbyamptenare of ’n kelnerin genaamd “Suzie” ’n stof in die All Blacks se ete sou gemeng het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/observer/osm/story/0,,1251765,00.html |title=OSM's sporting plaque |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/rugby-players-food-may-have-been-spiked-1353245.html |title=Rugby players' food may have been spiked |publisher=[[The Independent]] |date=20 November 1996 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyheaven.smh.com.au/articles/2003/08/11/1060588317125.html |title=Suzie never existed |publisher=Rugby Heaven |accessdate=4 Desember 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031204033730/http://www.rugbyheaven.smh.com.au/articles/2003/08/11/1060588317125.html |archive-date=4 Desember 2003 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="FoodPoisoning">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugby.com.au/news/springboks_poisoned_at_1995_cup:_luyt,12170.html |title=Springboks poisoned at 1995 Cup: Luyt |publisher=[[Rugby Australia]] |date=30 Oktober 2003 |accessdate=27 Augustus 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827222052/http://rugby.com.au/news/springboks_poisoned_at_1995_cup:_luyt,12170.html |archive-date=27 Augustus 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="StranskyBoot">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rugby_world_cup/history/2960348.stm |title=1995: Party time for SA |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=24 September 2003 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
=== Begin van die professionele tydperk ===
[[Lêer:France All Blacks 16-11-2002.jpg|duimnael|Frankryk huisves die All Blacks op die [[Stade de France]], [[Saint-Denis]], 2002]]
Om die toenemende oorskakeling van goeie spelers na finansieel gevestigde [[rugby league]]-spanne teen te werk het die Internasionale Rugbyvoetbalraad in Augustus 1995 besluit om van rugby ’n professionele sport te maak. In dieselfde jaar het die beheerliggame van Suid-Afrika, Nieu-Seeland en Australië die konsortium SANZAR gestig om televisie-uitsaairegte vir twee nuwe kompetisies te verkoop, die internasionale kompetisie Super 12 (nou [[Superrugby]]) en die Drienasiesreeks van die nasionale spanne (nou [[Die Rugbykampioenskap]]).<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Bob Howitt |title=SANZAR Saga: Ten Years of Super 12 and Tri-Nations Rugby |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=1-86950-566-2 |pages=7}}</ref> Aangesien die nuwe toernooie min plek vir maandelange oorsese toere gelaat het, het hierdie tradisie uit die amateurtydperk vinnig tot ’n einde gekom (met uitsondering van die vierjaarlikse Leeustoere).
Die eerste Drienasiesreeks is in [[1996-Drienasiesreeks|1996]] gehou met die All Blacks wat al vier toetswedstryde gewen het om die trofee in te palm.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Bob Howitt |title=SANZAR Saga: Ten Years of Super 12 and Tri-Nations Rugby |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=1-86950-566-2 |pages=170}}</ref> Die [[1996-Drienasiesreeks|1996-Drienasieswedstryd]] in Suid-Afrika tussen die All Blacks en die Springbokke was ook die eerste wedstryd in ’n historiese reeks. Onder die nuwe afrigter, John Hart, en hul kaptein Sean Fitzpatrick het die All Blacks vir die eerste keer daarin geslaag om ’n reeksoorwinning in Suid-Afrika te behaal.<ref name="PalenskiSA1996">{{en}} {{cite book |author=Ron Palenski |title=Century in Black: 100 Years of All Black Test Rugby |publisher=Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers |location=Auckland |year=2003 |isbn=1-86958-937-8 |pages=206}}</ref> Fitzpatrick het die reeksoorwinning hoër geag as Nieu-Seeland se 1987-wêreldbekeroorwinning, waaraan hy ook deelgeneem het.<ref name="PalenskiSA1996" /> Die volgende twee seisoene het gemengde resultate vir die All Blacks gelewer: hulle het tydens die [[1997-Drienasiesreeks]] al hul wedstryde gewen en die titel suksesvol verdedig, maar in [[1998-Drienasiesreeks|1998]] sou hulle al hul vier toetse van die reeks verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Bob Howitt |title=SANZAR Saga: Ten Years of Super 12 and Tri-Nations Rugby |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=1-86950-566-2 |pages=185}}</ref> Dit sou ook die eerste keer sedert 1949 wees dat hulle vier keer aanmekaar verloor het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Bob Howitt |title=SANZAR Saga: Ten Years of Super 12 and Tri-Nations Rugby |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=1-86950-566-2 |pages=199}}</ref> Op 28 Augustus 1999 het hulle hul ergste toetsnederlaag tot in 2023, toe hulle met 7–28 teen Australië in [[Sydney]] verloor het.<ref name="palenski233">{{en}} {{cite book |author=Ron Palenski |title=Century in Black: 100 Years of All Black Test Rugby |publisher=Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers |location=Auckland |year=2003 |isbn=1-86958-937-8 |pages=233}}</ref>
Die All Blacks het tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999]] een maand later herstel en hulle groep gedomineer, deur onder andere Engeland met 30–16 op [[Twickenham-stadion|Twickenham]] te verslaan; hulle het ook [[Tongaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Tonga]] en Italië heeltemal oorheers. In die kwarteindstryd het hulle Skotland met 30–18 geklop om in die halfeindstryd teen Frankryk op Twickenham te staan te kom. Die All Blacks het teen halftyd met 17–10 voorgeloop,<ref name="palenski233" /> maar in die tweede helfte het Frankryk skitterende rugby gespeel waarvoor die All Blacks geen antwoord gehad het nie en Frankryk het uiteindelik met 43–31 gewen.<ref name="palenski233" /> In die klein finale om die derde plek is die All Blacks deur die Springbokke verslaan.<ref name="ruwc" /><ref name="palenski233" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1999/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1999: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Hart het daarna as afrigter bedank en is met twee mede-afrigters, Wayne Smith en Tony Gilbert, vervang.
In 2000 was die Nieu-Seelandse beheerliggaam een van die stigterslede van die vastelandse beheerliggaam Vereniging van Oseaniese Rugbyunies (''Federation of Oceania Rugby Unions'', FORU; nou Oseanië Rugby, OR).<ref name="islands" /> Onder Smith en Gilbert het die All Blacks tweede gekom tydens die [[2000-Drienasiesreeks|2000]]- en [[2001-Drienasiesreeks|2001]]-Drienasiestoernooie. Albei afrigters is op 3 Oktober 2001 met John Mitchell vervang, wat die All Blacks afgerig en gelei het tot Drienasiesoorwinnings in [[2002-Drienasiesreeks|2002]] en [[2003-Drienasiesreeks|2003]] en die behou van die Bledisloebeker (wat sedert 1998 deur Australië gewen is) in 2003. Nadat hulle die 2003-Drienasiesreeks gewen het, het hulle die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003]] in Australië as een van die gunstelinge afgeskop en weereens hulle groep gedomineer met oorwinnings oor Italië, Kanada en Tonga voor hulle een van die strafste wedstryde van die toernooi teen Wallis gewen het.<ref name="WalesNZ2003">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rugby_world_cup/team_pages/wales/3234965.stm |title=Charvis bowed but proud |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=2 November 2003 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Hulle het dié keer ook daarin geslaag om Suid-Afrika in ’n wêreldbekerwedstryd te klop (met 29–9), maar die All Blacks is met 22–10 deur die verdedigende kampioen Australië in die halfeindstryd in Sydney verslaan. Nieu-Seeland het die klein finale om die derde plek teen Frankryk gewen.<ref name="ruwc" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2003/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2003: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Mitchell is daarna deur die NZRU afgedank en met Graham Henry vervang.
=== Onder Graham Henry ===
[[Lêer:2005 Tri Nations Series - All Blacks vs Wallabies.jpg|duimnael|[[2005-Drienasiesreeks]] – Die All Blacks teen die Wallabies]]
[[Lêer:Match NZ-Tonga.JPG|duimnael|Nieu-Seeland teen Tonga tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]]]]
[[Lêer:All Blacks parade 2011 RWC (1).jpg|duimnael|Nieu-Seeland nadat hulle in 2011 as die wêreldkampioen gekroon is]]
Henry se ampstermyn het begin met ’n dubbele oorwinning oor die wêreldkampioen Engeland in 2004. Die twee wedstryde se gesamentlike totaal was 72–15, met die All Blacks wat Engeland daarvan weerhou het om enige drieë te druk.<ref name="ABGame1102">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/teamsheet.asp?MT_ID=2102 |title=Match Centre – All Blacks vs England |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref name="ABGame1103">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/teamsheet.asp?MT_ID=2103 |publisher=All Blacks |title=All Blacks vs England |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Ondanks die positiewe begin van Henry se ampstermyn was die [[2004-Drienasiesreeks]] ’n gemengde sukses met twee oorwinnings en twee nederlae. Die kompetisie was taaier as ooit tevore en die uitslag moes deur bonuspunte beslis word wat die All Blacks laaste geplaas het.<ref>Bonuspunte kon op twee manier verdien word: deur vier of meer drieë in ’n wedstryd te druk en deur met sewe punte of minder te verloor.</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Bob Howitt |title=SANZAR Saga: Ten Years of Super 12 and Tri-Nations Rugby |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=1-86950-566-2 |pages=289}}</ref> Die 2004-seisoen het op ’n hoë noot geëindig met die All Blacks wat in Europa gewen het, insluitend ’n 45–6-rekordoorwinning oor Frankryk.<ref name="ABGame1112">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/teamsheet.asp?MT_ID=2112 |title=Match Centre – All Blacks vs France |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> In 2005 was die Britse en Ierse Leeus op toer in Nieu-Seeland. Die All Blacks het die toetsreeks met 3–0 beklink, die [[2005-Drienasiesreeks]] gewen en die eerste Grand Slam sedert 1978 teen die spanne van die Britse Eilande aangeteken. Die All Blacks is deur die Internasionale Rugbyraad as “span van die jaar”, Graham Henry as “afrigter van die jaar” en [[Dan Carter]] as “speler van die jaar” aangewys.<ref name="World Rugby Awards" />
Die All Blacks se wenstreep het in die volgende jaar aangehou: In [[2006-Drienasiesreeks|2006]] het hulle die Drienasiesreeks weer verower deur die eerste vyf wedstryde te wen (drie teen Australië en twee teen Suid-Afrika). Hulle het egter hulle laaste wedstryd in die reeks teen Suid-Afrika verloor. Nieu-Seeland het sy einde-van-die-jaar-toer onoorwonne voltooi met rekordoorwinnings oor Engeland, Frankryk en Wallis. Weens hul uitstekende prestasies is die All Blacks in 2006 weer aangewys as die IRR se “span van die jaar” en die flank [[Richie McCaw]] as “speler van die jaar”.<ref name="World Rugby Awards" /> Daarbenewens is hulle as Laureus se “span van die jaar” en die vleuel [[Jonah Lomu]] as “terugkoms van die jaar” genomineer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/2006 |title=Laureus World Sports Awards 2006 winners & nominees |publisher=Laureus Wêreldsporttoekennings |date=2006 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
In 2007 is die All Blacks weer as Laureus se “span van die jaar” genomineer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/2007 |title=Laureus World Sports Awards 2007 winners & nominees |publisher=Laureus Wêreldsporttoekennings |date=2007 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die All Blacks se eerste [[2007-Drienasiesreeks|Drienasiestoets van 2007]] was teen die Springbokke in Durban waar hulle twee drieë in die laaste tien minute gedruk het om die wedstryd met 26–21 te wen. Die volgende week het die Wallabies die All Blacks teen alle verwagtinge op die [[Melbourne-krieketveld]] in [[Melbourne]] verslaan (met 20–15): die All Blacks se eerste nederlaag teen die Wallabies sedert 2004. Australië se nederlaag teen die Springbokke in Suid-Afrika en die All Blacks se 26–12-oorwinning oor Australië in die finale wedstryd in Auckland het egter meegebring dat die All Blacks ook die 2007-Drienasiesreeks en die Bledisloebeker gewen het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyheaven.smh.com.au/articles/2007/07/21/1184560103146.html |title=Kick in the guts for Wallabies |publisher=rugby heaven |accessdate=7 Augustus 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807124957/http://www.rugbyheaven.smh.com.au/articles/2007/07/21/1184560103146.html |archive-date=7 Augustus 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ná hul oorwinning tydens die 2007-Drienasiesreeks het Nieu-Seeland die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007]] in Frankryk weer as gunstelinge betree en die verwagtinge met twee oorwinnings oor Frankryk tydens opwarmingswedstryde bewys. Die All Blacks het die toetse gewen: 42–11 op Edenpark en 61–10 op die [[Westpacstadion]]. In ’n derde wedstryd teen Kanada is die All Blacks effens gevlei deur ’n wentelling van 64–13 wat nie Kanada se aanslag ten volle reflekteer het nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/sport/content/200706/s1953312.htm |title=Slick All Blacks belt Canada |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |date=16 Junie 2007 |accessdate=17 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917054254/http://www.abc.net.au/sport/content/200706/s1953312.htm |archive-date=17 September 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die All Blacks het ná oorwinnings oor Skotland, Italië, [[Roemeense nasionale rugbyspan|Roemenië]] en [[Portugese nasionale rugbyspan|Portugal]] (elkeen met meer as 40 punte) hul groep gewen. Hulle is egter deur die nominale gasheer Frankryk in die kwarteindstryd in Cardiff met 20–18 geklop, gelykstaande aan hul ergste toernooi-uitslag.<ref name="ruwc" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2007/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2007: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Ná die nederlaag teen Frankryk is die afrigter Graham Henry ten spyte van kritiek heraangestel, alhoewel die destydse [[Crusaders (Superrugbyspan)|Crusader]]-afrigter Robbie Deans ’n sterk aanspraakmaker was.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=10480740 |title=Reconditioning a mistake – Henry |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=7 Desember 2007 |accessdate=31 Maart 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331125648/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=10480740 |archive-date=31 Maart 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Die 2008-seisoen het met drie middeljaartoetse teen Ierland en Engeland afgeskop, en Nieu-Seeland het al daardie toetswedstryde gewen.<ref name="2008results">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/scrum/rugby/records/team/match_results.html?id=2008;team=8;type=year |title=Rugby Union {{!}} 2008 {{!}} New Zealand {{!}} Match results |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Nieu-Seeland het in sy eerste [[2008-Drienasiesreeks|Drienasieswedstryd]] Suid-Afrika met 19–8 in Wellington verslaan, maar is een week later op [[Carisbrook]] in Dunedin deur die Springbokke met 28–30 geklop, wat ’n reeks van 30 oorwinnings tuis beëindig het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/13/sports/13iht-RUGBY.1.14449484.html |title=Springboks end home streak of All Blacks |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |date=13 Julie 2008 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbydump.com/news/springboks-end-all-black-home-winning-streak-in-dunedin/ |title=Springboks end All Black home winning streak in Dunedin |publisher=Rugby Dump |date=12 Julie 2008 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Nieu-Seeland het sy volgende Drienasieswedstryd op 26 Julie teen Australië in Sydney met 34–19 verloor, maar ’n week later het die All Blacks die Wallabies tuis met 39–10 geklop.<ref name="2008results" /> Hulle het toe Suid-Afrika met 19–0 op [[Nuwelandstadion]] verslaan.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2008/aug/17/newzealandrugbyunionteam.southafricarugbyteam |title=All Blacks manage crisis |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |author=Michael Aylwin |date=16 Augustus 2008 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Nieu-Seeland het sy laaste wedstryd op 13 September teen Australië op Suncorpstadion in [[Brisbane]] met 28–24 gewen en dus die Bledisloebeker en die Drienasiesitel behou.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.espnscrum.com/tri-nations-2008/rugby/match/25714.html |title=Australia v New Zealand |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=8 Oktober 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008203415/http://www.espnscrum.com/tri-nations-2008/rugby/match/25714.html |archive-date=8 Oktober 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Die All Blacks het die 2009-seisoen met ’n 22–27-nederlaag teen Frankryk op Carisbrook afgeskop, maar het een week later wraak geneem en Frankryk in Wellington met 14–10 verslaan. Volgens punteverskil het Frankryk die Dave Gallaher-trofee vir die eerste keer ingepalm. ’n Week later het die All Blacks Italië met 27–6 in [[Christchurch]] verslaan. Hulle het die [[2009-Drienasiesreeks]] agter Suid-Afrika, wat slegs een wedstryd verloor het, as naaswenner geëindig, en die All Blacks het die reeks met ’n 33–6-oorwinning oor Australië in Wellington afgesluit.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.greenandgoldrugby.com/a-bledisloe-stat-attack/ |title=Statistics and records for Australia Wallabies vs New Zealand All Blacks |publisher=greenandgoldrugby.com |date=15 Julie 2009 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> In 2010 het die All Blacks die [[2010-Drienasiesreeks|Drienasiesreeks]] ná drie agtereenvolgende oorwinnings oor Suid-Afrika vir die tiende keer ingepalm,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/rugby/report?gameId=103851&league=244293 |title=Gritty All Blacks are worthy champions |publisher=ESPNscrum |author=Huw Baines |date=21 Augustus 2010 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> en hulle het ook die Bledisloebeker ná agtereenvolgende oorwinnings oor Australië gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/10/30/rugby.australia.newzealand/index.html |title=Wallabies beat All Blacks with last-minute kick |publisher=[[CNN]] |author=Dean Irvine |date=30 Oktober 2010 |accessdate=23 Augustus 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823201813/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/10/30/rugby.australia.newzealand/index.html |archive-date=23 Augustus 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ’n Onoorwonne wenstreep, wat in 2009 begin het, het 15 wedstryde bereik.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/scrum/rugby/records/team/most_consecutive_wins.html?id=1;type=class |title=Rugby Union {{!}} Test matches {{!}} Most consecutive wins |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Gevolglik is die All Blacks in 2011 weer as Laureus se “span van die jaar” genomineer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/2011 |title=Laureus World Sports Awards 2011 winners & nominees |publisher=Laureus Wêreldsporttoekennings |date=2011 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
Ondanks ’n tweede plek tydens die [[2011-Drienasiesreeks]], nadat hulle deur Australië in Brisbane geklop is,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/aug/27/australia-win-tri-nations |title=Australia clinch Tri Nations with victory over New Zealand |publisher=The Guardian |author=Mike Averis |date=27 Augustus 2011 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> het die All Blacks as eerste span op die wêreldranglys die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]] op eie bodem as gunstelinge betree.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/aug/27/rugby-world-cup-preview |title=Rugby World Cup 2011 preview |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |author=Mike Averis |date=27 Augustus 2011 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die All Blacks het die groepfase met Tonga, Japan, Frankryk en Kanada onoorwonne beëindig, en ná oorwinnings oor Argentinië (met 33–10) en toe Australië (met 20–6), het hulle in die eindstryd op 23 Oktober 2011 op Edenpark in Auckland teen Frankryk te staan gekom. Nieu-Seeland het een drie gedruk en een strafdoel aangeteken en sodoende net-net met 8–7 gewen, waardeur die All Blacks hul tweede beker ná 1987 ingepalm het.<ref name="ruwc" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2011/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2011: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/oct/23/rugby-world-cup-richie-mccaw-new-zealand-france?intcmp=239 |title=Richie McCaw's New Zealand beat France in final |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |author=Eddie Butler |date=23 Oktober 2011 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Henry het ná die wêreldbekertoernooi as afrigter bedank en is deur sy adjunk [[Steve Hansen]] opgevolg.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyunion/international/newzealand/8960338/New-Zealand-Rugby-Union-appoints-Steve-Hansen-as-new-All-Blacks-coach.html |title=New Zealand Rugby Union appoints Steve Hansen as new All Blacks coach |publisher=[[Daily Telegraph]] |author=Gavin Mairs |date=17 Desember 2011 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Daarop het nog ’n nominasie as Laureus se “span van die jaar” gevolg.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/2012 |title=Laureus World Sports Awards 2012 winners & nominees |publisher=Laureus Wêreldsporttoekennings |date=2012 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
=== Onder Steve Hansen ===
[[Lêer:Crowds along Lambton Quay watching the 2015 RWC All Blacks victory parade (Codie Taylor, Julian Savea, TJ Perenara).jpg|duimnael|Nieu-Seeland nadat hulle in 2015 as die wêreldkampioen gekroon is]]
[[Lêer:British and Irish Lions scrum.jpg|duimnael|Losskrum tussen die Leeus en die All Blacks in 2017]]
[[Lêer:New Zealand national rugby 20191101a11.jpg|duimnael|Klein finale om die derde plek tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2019]] tussen die All Blacks en Wallis]]
Argentinië het in 2012 by die Drienasiesreeks aangesluit wat tot die Rugbykampioenskap herdoop is. Die All Blacks het in die eerste toernooi al hul ses wedstryde gewen en die titel ingepalm. Hulle het deur die jaar heen onoorwonne gebly en is eers in die laaste wedstryd op Twickenham deur Engeland geklop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/20534229 |title=England 38-21 New Zealand |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=1 Desember 2012 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> In 2013 het Nieu-Seeland Frankryk vir ’n reeks van drie wedstryde gehuisves – hul eerste ontmoeting sedert die 2011-eindstryd. Die All Blacks het al drie wedstryde gewen en die [[2013-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] onoorwonne afgesluit.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby-union/24412501 |title=New Zealand beat South Africa for title |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=5 Oktober 2013 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> In November 2013 het Nieu-Seeland die eerste rugbyland van die professionele tydperk geword wat ’n 100%-wenrekord in ’n kalenderjaar kon behaal.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/25037059 |title=New Zealand deny Ireland to win 24-22 and seal perfect year |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=24 November 2013 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Daarna is hulle weer as Laureus se “span van die jaar” genomineer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/2014 |title=Laureus World Sports Awards 2014 winners & nominees |publisher=Laureus Wêreldsporttoekennings |date=2014 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
Tydens die [[2014-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] het die All Blacks in hul wegwedstryde gelykop teen Australië gespeel en teen Suid-Afrika verloor, maar hulle het die ander vier wedstryde van die toernooi gewen. Tydens die verkorte [[2015-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] het die All Blacks teen Australië verloor en as naaswenner geëindig. Hulle het egter ’n beduidende terugvegoorwinning in die tweede Bledisloetoets behaal en toe die trofee behou. Die All Blacks het die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015]] in Engeland as verdedigende kampioen betree en tydens die groepfase na oorwinnings oor Argentinië, Namibië, Tonga en Georgië weereens onoorwonne gebly. In die kwarteindstryd het hulle die gevreesde teenstander Frankryk met 62–13 verslaan, tot dusver die hoogste oorwinning tydens die uitklopfase. Die All Blacks het Suid-Afrika naelskraap met 20–18 in die halfeindstryd en Australië met 34–17 in die eindstryd geklop om sodoende die eerste land geword wat die titel verdedig en ook vir ’n derde keer ingepalm het.<ref name="ruwc" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2015/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2015: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2015/oct/31/new-zealand-australia-rugby-world-cup-final-match-report |title=New Zealand retain Rugby World Cup with ruthless display against Australia |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |date=31 Oktober 2015 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Daarna het die losskakel [[Dan Carter]] Laureus se toekenning as “terugkoms van die jaar” gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/2016 |title=Laureus World Sports Awards 2016 winners & nominees |publisher=Laureus Wêreldsporttoekennings |date=2016 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
Die All Blacks, onder die nuwe kaptein en nommer 8, Kieran Read, en adjunkkaptein en heelagter Ben Smith, het ook tydens die [[2016-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] onoorwonne gebly en by elke wedstryd die bonuspunt behaal. Beide Smith en die vleuel Israel Dagg was met vyf drieë elk die beste driedrukkers van dié toernooi, terwyl die eerste vyf-agtste [[Beauden Barrett]] met 81 die meeste punte tydens die toernooi aangeteken het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/News/30192/all-blacks-2016-year-in-review |title=All Blacks 2016: Year in Review |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=1 Junie 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601204028/https://www.allblacks.com/News/30192/all-blacks-2016-year-in-review |archive-date=1 Junie 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Tydens die [[2016 eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] het die All Blacks hul eerste wedstryd in 111 jaar se wedywering teen Ierland verloor en is met 29–40 op [[Soldier Field]] in [[Chicago]] geklop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/37886601 |title=Autumn internationals: Ireland 40–29 New Zealand |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=5 November 2016 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Nieu-Seeland het vir dié nederlaag wraak geneem en in die terugspel een week later Ierland in Dublin met 21–9 verslaan.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/all-blacks/86655461/all-blacks-score-three-tries-to-beat-ireland-219-in-dublin-and-avenge-loss-in-chicago |title=All Blacks shake off Chicago shock to defeat Ireland in Dublin |publisher=Stuff |date=20 November 2016 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
In 2017 het die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus]] vir die tweede keer van die professionele tydperk na Nieu-Seeland getoer. Die reeks het in ’n gelykop geëindig, nadat die All Blacks en die Leeus ’n 1–1–1 aangeteken het. Die All Blacks het die eerste toets met 30–15 gewen, die Leeus die tweede met 24–21, en die laaste toets was ’n 15–15-gelykop. Net soos die 2005-toer was hierdie Leeus-toer met omstredenheid geteister, soos die Leeus se taktiek (onder die Nieu-Seelandse afrigter Warren Gatland),<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/rugby/it-s-onedimensional-and-boring-for-critics-to-keep-moaning-about-warrenball-a3558391.html |title=It’s one-dimensional and boring for critics to keep moaning about Warrenball |publisher=Evening Standard |date=6 Junie 2017 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> die toon van plaaslike mediadekking,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2016/nov/02/warren-gatland-new-zealand-herald-clown-lions-coach-all-blacks-criticism |title=Warren Gatland mocked as clown by New Zealand media after anti-fan remarks |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |date=2 November 2016 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> die rooikaart teen Sonny Bill Williams in die tweede toets<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/rugby/rugby-union/lionstour/british-and-irish-lions-2017-sonny-bill-williams-red-card-tackle-video-defining-moment-rugbys-greatest-series-a7818371.html |title=British and Irish Lions 2017: Sonny Bill Williams' red card a defining moment in 'rugby's greatest series' |publisher=The Independent |author=Jack de Menezes |date=1 Julie 2017 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> asook die speelbeheer van die Franse skeidsregters Romain Poite en Jérôme Garcès<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jul/08/all-blacks-lions-third-test-auckland-new-zealand-reaction |title=New Zealand media attack referee Romain Poite’s late penalty U-turn |publisher=8 Julie 2017 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> is al debatteerbaar. Die gelykop van die toetsreeks, saam met die nederlaag teen Ierland die vorige jaar het volgens sommige persberigte daarop gedui dat die span swakker word en die [[Noordelike Halfrond]] nader beweeg.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.allblacks.com/News/31076/rugby-power-swings-back-to-the-north-woodward |title=Rugby power swings back to the north – Woodward |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=1 Junie 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601205536/http://www.allblacks.com/News/31076/rugby-power-swings-back-to-the-north-woodward |archive-date=1 Junie 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Huleadle het egter die [[2017-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] onoorwonne gewen en ook die Bledisloebeker ingepalm, nadat die All Black Australië twee keer geklop het. In Oktober het Nieu-Seeland in die laaste Bledisloetoets op Suncorpstadion in Brisbane ’n verrassende 23–18-nederlaag teen Australia gely. Tydens die [[2017 eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] het die All Blacks met die [[Britse Barbarians]] 32–21, Frankryk 38–18, Skotland 22–17 en Wallis 33–18 afgereken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/Fixtures/2017 |title=Fixtures 2017 |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=7 Februarie 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207093745/https://www.allblacks.com/Fixtures/2017 |archive-date=7 Februarie 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Met die afskop van die 2018-seisoen het die All Black tydens die Franse toer die reeks 3–0 beklink, en hul eerste wedstryde van die [[2018-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] teen Australië 38–13 en 40–12 gewen om sodoende die Bledisloebeker te behou. ’n Ander maklike 46–24-oorwinning oor Argentinië het gevolg, maar die All Blacks is vervolgens deur die Springbokke vir die eerste keer sedert 2009 tuis in Wellington in ’n taai wedstryd met 34–36 geklop,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/45532702 |title=Rugby Championship 2018: South Africa earn thrilling 36–34 win over New Zealand |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=15 September 2018 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> voordat hulle weer met Argentinië 35–17 afgereken het. In die terugwedstryd teen Suid-Afrika in Pretoria het die All Blacks vir die grootste deel van die wedstryd gesukkel, maar laat in die tweede helfte teruggekom om die wedstryd met 32–30 te beklink.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/sport/2018/10/rugby-championship-all-blacks-survive-springboks-scare.html |title=Rugby Championship: All Blacks survive Springboks scare |publisher=Newshub |date=7 Oktober 2018 |accessdate=30 Junie 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630104834/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/sport/2018/10/rugby-championship-all-blacks-survive-springboks-scare.html |archive-date=30 Junie 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Hulle sou later nog ’n verpletterende 37–20-oorwinning oor Australië in [[Jokohama]] aanteken en sodoende ’n suiwer Bledisloereeks verseker.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.news.com.au/sport/rugby/live-bledisloe-cup-game-three-australia-vs-new-zealand/news-story/6e6a65540f10db153e5147d41ecbd8b7 |title=New Zealand secures Bledisloe Cup clean sweep against Australia |publisher=NewsComAu |date=27 Oktober 2018 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> ’n Ontwikkelingspan het aangebly om [[Japannese nasionale rugbyspan|Japan]] met 31–69 te klop, terwyl die eerste span vir die [[2018 eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] na Europa getoer het. Dit sou ’n taai reeks vir die All Blacks word, waartydens hulle Engeland net-net met een punt (15–16) in ’n strawwe wedstryd oorwin het,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/nov/10/england-new-zealand-autumn-international-series-report |title=England denied by All Blacks and late decision in Twickenham thriller |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |author=Paul Rees |date=10 November 2018 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> gevolg deur die tweede nederlaag ooit teen Ierland met 16–9 onder ’n kookpotatmosfeer op [[Aviva-stadion]] in Dublin.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/nov/17/ireland-new-zealand-autumn-international-match-report |title=Jacob Stockdale scores only try as Ireland earn historic win over All Blacks |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |author=Robert Kitson |date=17 November 2018 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die All Blacks het toe 66–3 met Italië afgereken en sodoende hul reeks met een oorwinning beklink.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/Fixtures/2018 |title=Fixtures 2018 |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=6 Februarie 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206070742/https://www.allblacks.com/Fixtures/2018 |archive-date=6 Februarie 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Aan die begin van die 2019-seisoen het die All Blacks slegs die derde plek van die [[2019-Rugbykampioenskapreeks|Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] behaal; die eerste keer sedert dié toernooi van stapel gestuur is – die laaste keer wat Nieu-Seeland die derde plek (en destyds laaste plek) gemaak het, was tydens die [[2004-Drienasiesreeks]]. In die kampioenskap het die All Blacks vir die eerste keer sedert 1994 teen die Springbokke gelykop geëindig, gevolg deur ’n rekordnederlaag teen die Wallabies met 26–47. Ondanks die telling het Nieu-Seeland die Bledisloebeker verdedig, nadat hulle in die terugwedstryd met Australië 36–0 afgereken het. Die All Blacks se eerste wedstryd tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2019]] in Japan teen die Springbokke is met spanning verwag en Nieu-Seeland het met 23–13 geseëvier.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/all-blacks-turn-kicking-pressure-back-on-springboks-for-win/ |title=All Blacks turn kicking pressure back on Springboks for win |publisher=All Blacks |author=Lynn McConnell |date=21 September 2019 |accessdate=22 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922053708/https://www.allblacks.com/news/all-blacks-turn-kicking-pressure-back-on-springboks-for-win/ |archive-date=22 September 2023 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Aansluitend het Nieu-Seeland Kanada en Namibië verslaan. Hul laaste groepwedstryd teen Italië is net soos twee ander wedstryde weens [[tifoon]] Hagibis se verwoestinge afgelas en as ’n 0–0-gelykop geag.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=12275294 |title=Rugby World Cup clash between All Blacks and Italy cancelled |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=10 Oktober 2019 |accessdate=30 Desember 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230023508/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=12275294 |archive-date=30 Desember 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ná hul oorwinning tydens die kwarteindstryd teen Ierland is hulle in die halfeindstryd deur Engeland met 19–7 verslaan.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/rugby-world-cup/rwc-2019-japan/115611398/all-blacks-v-england-new-zealands-threepeat-hopes-over-after-crushing-loss-to-england |title=All Blacks v England: New Zealand's three-peat hopes over after heavy loss to England |publisher=stuff.co.nz |author=Richard Knowler |date=26 Oktober 2019 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Hulle het daarmee die kans op ’n titeldriekuns misgeloop en as troosprys in die klein finale om die derde plek teen Wallis te staan gekom. Dit was vir beide die Nieu-Seelandse afrigter [[Steve Hansen]] en die Walliese afrigter [[Warren Gatland]] die laaste wedstryd in hul onderskeidelike poste, en hul spanne wou albei met ’n goeie wedstryd groet. Die All Blacks het daarin geslaag en met 40–17 gewen.<ref name="ruwc" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/50232481 |title=Rugby World Cup 2019 bronze match: Wales 17-40 New Zealand |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=1 November 2019 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/all-blacks/117137284/a-tribute-to-steve-hansen-one-of-the-greatest-coaches-in-rugby-history |title=A tribute to Steve Hansen: One of the greatest coaches in rugby history |publisher=Stuff |date=4 November 2019 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Steve Hansen is in Desember 2019 deur Ian Foster opgevolg.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/all-blacks/118113331/all-blacks-name-ian-foster-next-head-coach-live |title=Ian Foster named next All Blacks coach – coverage of the announcement and reaction as Scott Robertson loses out |publisher=Stuff |date=11 Desember 2019 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
=== Onder Ian Foster ===
[[Lêer:2023 Rugby World Cup – France vs New Zealand – 2.jpg|duimnael|Openingswedstryd van die Rugbywêreldbeker 2023 tussen die gasheer Frankryk en Nieu-Seeland]]
Die Springbokke het vanweë die wêreldwye [[Covid-19-pandemie]] nie aan die [[2020-Drienasiesreeks]] deelgeneem nie en die All Blacks het dié toernooi ná twee oorwinnings en nederlae elk beklink, waaronder die eerste nederlaag teen die Poemas ooit.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2020/nov/14/nz-all-blacks-vs-argentina-live-scores-tri-nations-rugby-union-new-zealand-game-match-sydney-bankwest-stadium-score-kickoff-news-teams-latest |title=New Zealand All Blacks 15–25 Argentina: Rugby Tri-Nations – as it happened |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |author=Jonathan Howcroft |date=14 November 2020 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> In die tweede ontmoeting met Argentinië het Nieu-Seeland wraak geneem en vir die eerste keer enige Argentynse punte verhoed. Tydens die [[2021-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] het Nieu-Seeland sy titel ná vyf oorwinnings en een nederlaag verdedig.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/58689678 |title=Rugby Championship – New Zealand 19–17 South Africa: All Blacks seal title with late penalty |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=25 September 2021 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die [[2021 eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] het vir Nieu-Seeland met oorwinnings oor die Verenigde State, Wallis en Italië begin, maar daarop het nederlae teen Ierland en Frankryk gevolg, waarmee die Franse die Dave Gallaher-trofee vir ’n tweede keer ingepalm het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/59363034 |title=France 40–25 New Zealand: Hosts beat All Blacks for first time since 2009 |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=20 November 2021 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Tydens die 2022 midjaarrugbytoetsreeks is Nieu-Seeland vir die eerste keer deur Ierland in ’n tuisreeks met 1–2 verslaan. Dit was ook Ierland se eerste oorwinnings in Nieu-Seeland ooit.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jul/16/new-zealand-ireland-third-test-rugby-union-match-report |title=Ireland stun All Blacks again to make history with series triumph |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |author=Lee Calvert |date=16 Julie 2022 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die [[2022-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] kon die All Blacks slegs met een bonuspunt meer as die Springbokke beklink.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://super.rugby/therugbychampionship/news/trc-rd-6-pumas-make-springboks-work-hard-for-victory/ |title=Pumas Make Springboks Work Hard for Victory |publisher=[[Superrugby]] |date=25 September 2022 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Tydens die verkorte [[2023-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] het die All Blacks ná oorwinnings in al hul drie wedstryde hul algehele 20ste titel in dié toernooi se geskiedenis ingepalm.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/66348302 |title=Australia 7–38 New Zealand: All Blacks hammer Wallabies to win Rugby Championship |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=29 Julie 2023 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> In hul laaste opwarmingswedstryd voor die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023]] in Frankryk het Nieu-Seeland teen hul aartsvyand Suid-Afrika op Twickenham met 7–35 hul destyds ergste nederlaag gely.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/all-blacks-v-springboks-live-updates-at-twickenham/ISFKUMXIWRD7ZGW4MIS4HCWATU/ |title=All Blacks suffer record defeat to Springboks at Twickenham – as it happened |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=25 Augustus 2023 |accessdate=26 Augustus 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826032944/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/all-blacks-v-springboks-live-updates-at-twickenham/ISFKUMXIWRD7ZGW4MIS4HCWATU/ |archive-date=26 Augustus 2023 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die All Blacks was vir die hooftoernooi tradisioneel een van die gunstelinge op die titel. In die openingswedstryd het die All Blacks teen die medegunsteling en gasheer Frankryk hul grootste nederlaag in dié tyd tydens ’n toernooi en hul eerste in die groepfase gely (met 13–27). Die All Blacks kon egter herstel en die groepfase met maklike oorwinnings oor Namibië (met 71–3), Italië (met 96–17) en Uruguay (met 73–0) afsluit. In die kwarteindstryd het hulle met Ierland nog ’n gunsteling ontmoet en kon ’n naelskraapse 28–24-oorwinning behaal. In die halfeindstryd het die All Blacks Argentinië met 44–6 oorrompel en die eerste span geword wat vyf eindstryde gehaal het. Hier het hulle die aartsvyand Suid-Afrika ontmoet, waarby een span vir die eerste keer die vierde wêreldbekertitel kon inpalm. In een van die nouste eindstryde in dié tyd het Nieu-Seeland met 11–12 verloor, waartydens die kaptein [[Sam Cane]] die eerste speler geword het wat ’n rooikaart in ’n eindstryd ontvang het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2023/news/888879/new-zealand-rugby-world-cup-2023-review |title=New Zealand: Rugby World Cup 2023 review |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=29 Oktober 2023 |accessdate=31 Oktober 2023}}</ref>
=== Onder Scott Robertson ===
Vroeg in 2024 het die voormalige All Black [[Scott Robertson]] as hoofafrigter oorgeneem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzrugby.co.nz/news-and-events/latest-news/scott-robertson-appointed-all-blacks-head-coach-from-2024 |title=Scott Robertson appointed All Blacks Head Coach from 2024 |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=21 Maart 2024 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Tydens die [[2024-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] moes die All Blacks die titel aan die aartsvyand die Springbokke oorhandig nadat die Suid-Afrikaners vir die eerste keer sedert 1949 hul vierde agtereenvolgende oorwinning oor die Nieu-Seelanders kon behaal.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/articles/ce81zgvqqmgo |title=What have we learned from the Rugby Championship? |publisher=[[BBC]] |author=Alastair Telfer |date=29 September 2024 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Tydens die [[2025-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] is Nieu-Seeland se ergste nederlaag teen die aartsvyand Suid-Afrika met 10–43 oortref.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/all-blacks-v-south-africa-new-zealand-out-to-regain-freedom-cup-at-wellingtons-sky-stadium/JMY2764YCRGOPAEWVLIAZCRRMI |title=All Blacks v South Africa recap: Springboks hand All Blacks record defeat in Wellington |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |authors=Benjamin Plummer, Alex Powell, Christopher Reive |date=13 September 2025 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die Springbokke het ook met die toernooititel weggestap.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/articles/c2375g123zgo |title=What did we learn from the Rugby Championship? |publisher=[[BBC]] |author=Alastair Telfer |date=5 Oktober 2025 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> In Januarie 2026 het Robertson as hoofafrigter bedank.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/rugby/all-blacks/all-blacks-coach-scott-robertson-set-to-be-axed-reports/E5C3QKLUDNA7XFK4YMXOE7AW6Q/ |title=All Blacks coach Scott Robertson departs his role |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=15 Januarie 2026 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Twee maande later is die voormalige All Black [[Dave Rennie]] as sy opvolger benoem en hy sal Nieu-Seeland voorberei op die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2027]] in Australië.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/new-zealand-rugby-appoints-dave-rennie-as-all-blacks-head-coach |title=New Zealand Rugby appoints Dave Rennie as All Blacks Head Coach |publisher=All Blacks |date=4 Maart 2026 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
== Die bynaam „All Blacks“ ==
Billy Wallace, die laaste oorblywende speler van die 1905/06-''Original All Blacks'', het in 1955 in ’n onderhoud vertel, dat ’n joernalis van die koerant ''Daily Mail'' na afloop van die wedstryd teen Hartlepool na die Nieu-Seelandse span as „all backs“ verwys het. Dié joernalis het die gewoonlik swaar en groot voorspelers bedoel, wat in teenstelling met hul teenstanders vinnig en rats was en die bal net só goed soos die agterspelers bemeester het, asof hulle almal sou speel soos die agterspan (''as if they were all backs'', “asof almal agterspelers was”). Wallace het verder beweer, dat weens ’n tikfout in ’n artikel voor die komende speel teen Somerset almal na die span slegs as “All Blacks” verwys het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Ron Palenski |title=Century in Black: 100 Years of All Black Test Rugby |publisher=Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers |location=Auckland |year=2003 |isbn=1-86958-937-8 |pages=16–17}}</ref>
Wallace se verduideliking word vandag algemeen verwerp, aangesien vir die tydperk van 1905/06 geen Engelse koerant beskikbaar is wat die term “All Backs” gebruik nie. Die term “All Backs” word wel in ’n verslag deur die plaaslike koerant ''Northern Daily Mail'' ná die wedstryd teen Hartlepool gebruik, wat vervolgens deur die ''Daily Mail'' se nasionale uitgawe oorgeneem is. Die outeur van dié artikel is J. A. Buttery, die ''Daily Mail'' se rugbyverslaggewer tydens die Nieu-Seelandse toer, wat met die bynaam na die geheel-en-al swart gekleede span (met uitsondering van die silwervaring) verwys het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbymuseum.co.nz/article-all-blacks-the-name/ |title=“All Blacks” – The Name. |publisher=New Zealand Rugby Museum |accessdate=4 Februarie 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204171307/http://rugbymuseum.co.nz/article-all-blacks-the-name/ |archive-date=4 Februarie 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
== All Black-trui ==
[[Lêer:All Blacks 1905.JPG|duimnael|links|Die 1905-''Originals'' se trui]]
[[Lêer:All blacks jersey whitebackg.jpg|duimnael|Die [[Adidas]]-trui tussen Julie 1999 en Augustus 2011]]
[[Lêer:NZ All Blacks Mens XV's Shirt.jpg|duimnael|Die 2012-trui, geborg deur AIG]]
Die huidige Nieu-Seelandse trui is heeltemal swart (na dié trui word soms as die “swartste” trui ooit verwys), met uitsondering van die borg se kenteken en die NZRU se silwervaring op die embleem. Die 1884-Nieu-Seeland-toer na Australië was die eerste oorsese rugbytoer vir Nieu-Seeland en het heeltemal ander truie as vandag s’n gesien. Destyds het die span ’n donkerblou hemp met ’n goue varing op die linkerkant van die trui aangetrek.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Phil Gifford |title=The Passion: The Stories Behind 125 years of Canterbury Rugby |publisher=Wilson Scott Publishing |location=Christchurch |year=2004 |isbn=0-9582535-1-X |pages=28}}</ref><ref name=blue>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbymuseum.co.nz/a-history-of-nz-rugby-in-four-jerseys/ |title=A history of New Zealand rugby in four jerseys |author=Malcolom Woods |publisher=New Zealand Rugby Museum |date=September 2011 |accessdate=30 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930025244/http://rugbymuseum.co.nz/a-history-of-nz-rugby-in-four-jerseys/ |archive-date=30 September 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=early>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/about-massey/news/article.cfm?mnarticle_uuid=1B1C2AFC-A0D1-F2F9-1B0B-EC682E8B332C |title=Early All Blacks jerseys recreated |publisher=Massey Universiteit |accessdate=5 Februarie 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205045155/http://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/about-massey/news/article.cfm?mnarticle_uuid=1B1C2AFC-A0D1-F2F9-1B0B-EC682E8B332C |archive-date=5 Februarie 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 1893 het die NZRU op hul jaarlikse algemene vergadering bepaal dat die trui uit ’n swart hemp met ’n silwervaring op en wit poefbroeke sal bestaan.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Ron Palenski |title=Century in Black: 100 Years of All Black Test Rugby |publisher=Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers |location=Auckland |year=2003 |isbn=1-86958-937-8 |pages=17}}</ref> Historiese prente toon egter dat wit broeke gedurende die vroeë jare gedra is. Iewers tussen 1897 en 1901 is die trui verander; die span wat in 1901 teen Nieu-Suid-Wallis te staan gekom het, het ’n swart hemp sonder kraag en ’n silwervaring gedra.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/all-blacks/page-3 |title=The “All Black” Uniform |publisher=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
Sedert 2000 vertoon Nieu-Seeland tydens hul eindjaarrugbytoetsreekse in Frankryk ’n geborduurde herinneringspapawer op hul truimou.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal |journal=The Press (Christchurch) |title=ABs Remember |date=11 November 2006 |page=F1}}</ref> Die papawer het die ANZAC-soldate wat aan die strande van [[Gallipoli]] gesneuwel het geëer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://media.newzealand.com/en/story-ideas/new-zealand-france-strong-links/ |title=New Zealand & France – strong links |publisher=www.newzealand.com |accessdate=24 Januarie 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124115200/https://media.newzealand.com/en/story-ideas/new-zealand-france-strong-links/ |archive-date=24 Januarie 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Kaptein Richie McCaw het gesê “Ons wil die oorsese diens van Nieu-Seelanders gedenk. Dit is ’n belangrike deel van ons geskiedenis as ’n land en as ’n span.”<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?sf=117&set_id=6&click_id=18&art_id=qw116167788450S163 |title=All Blacks to honour fallen soldiers |work=[[IOL]] |publisher=[[Sekunjalo Independent Media]] |date=24 Oktober 2006 |accessdate=24 Oktober 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024025916/http://www.iol.co.za/sport/all-blacks-to-honour-fallen-soldiers-1.564093 |archive-date=24 Oktober 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Gedurende die Rugbywêreldbeker 2011 het die All Blacks ’n geborduurde Webb Ellis-beker op die mou van hul trui met die jaar “1987” onderaan in herinnering aan hul eerste wêreldtitel vertoon. Elkeen van die vier spanne wat voorheen die toernooi gewen het, het dieselfde detail op hul truie getoon.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/News/16938/the-new-all-blacks-jersey-a-tribute-to-history- |title=The new All Blacks jersey – a tribute to history |publisher=All Blacks |date=30 Julie 2011 |accessdate=29 Oktober 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029130037/https://www.allblacks.com/News/16938/the-new-all-blacks-jersey-a-tribute-to-history- |archive-date=29 Oktober 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Adidas betaal aan die NZRFU $200 miljoen oor nege jaar, met die verwagting dat Nieu-Seeland omtrent 75% van hul wedstryde sal wen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.unlimited.co.nz/unlimited.nsf/0/13565E280545E3FACC256DA30017EA5A?OpenDocument&Highlight=2,team,new,zealand,and,teamwork |title=God defend the All Black brand |publisher=Fairfax New Zealand |work=Unlimited Magazine |author=Russell Brown |date=22 September 2003 |accessdate=11 Oktober 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011212110/http://unlimited.co.nz/unlimited.nsf/0/13565E280545E3FACC256DA30017EA5A?OpenDocument&Highlight=2%2Cteam%2Cnew%2Czealand%2Cand%2Cteamwork |archive-date=11 Oktober 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Nike het in 1996 ook aansoek gedoen om die All Blacks te borg, maar het eerder die gholfspeler[[Tiger Woods]] geborg.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,1609776,00.html |title=Member of the Club |publisher=[[Time (tydskrif)]] |author=Alice Park |location=Fort Worth |date=12 April 2007 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
Die wegtrui was tradisioneel wit met swart broeke. Nadat die All Blacks vir ’n aantal jare in ’n alternatiewe uitrusting met ’n grys trui en swart broek uitgedraf het, het die NZRU in Mei 2009 teruggekeer na die tradisionele wit truie met swart broeke. Vir hul wedstryd teen die Springbokke op 30 Julie 2011 in Wellington het die All Blacks se trui ’n wit kraag in eerbetoon vir die span wat die 1987-wêreldbeker gewen het getoon. Net selde speel die All Blacks hul wegwedstryde nie in swart nie, veral as hulle teen spanne te staan kom wat tradisioneel ook in donker kleure speel (byvoorbeeld die Skotte se donkerblou). In 2006 is die wit trui met ’n grys een vervang, maar drie jaar later was dit weer die gewone wit trui.
In 2012 het die NZRU ’n omstrede stap geneem en die Amerikaanse versekerings- en finansiëledienstemaatskappy, AIG, toegelaat om hulself op die sentrale bodeel van die All Black-trui te adverteer. In ruil daarvoor sou die NZRU ’n geheime, direkte finansiële borgskap met ’n waarde van sowat $80 miljoen oor vyf jaar bekom.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/sport/rugby/rugby-all-blacks-aig-deal-worth-80m |title=All Blacks' AIG deal worth $80m |publisher=Otago Daily Times |date=4 November 2012 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Nadat AIG besluit het om nie sy borgooreenkoms met die span te verleng nie, is aangekondig dat die Altrad Group vanaf 2022 die All Blacks se nuwe hoofborg sou wees met ’n sesjaarooreenkoms ter waarde van meer as $120 miljoen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/rugby-french-billionaire-mohed-altrad-reveals-hidden-detail-in-massive-all-blacks-sponsorship-deal/TN4ZPRCLR7JMQD5T2P5DZAONLM/ |title=Rugby: French billionaire Mohed Altrad reveals hidden detail in massive All Blacks sponsorship deal |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=30 Augustus 2021 |accessdate=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928174608/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/rugby-french-billionaire-mohed-altrad-reveals-hidden-detail-in-massive-all-blacks-sponsorship-deal/TN4ZPRCLR7JMQD5T2P5DZAONLM/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Steinlager was die eerste borg wat, tussen 1994 en 1999, op die All Blacks se trui verskyn het, op die linkerbors van die trui (oorkant die silwervaring); voordat Adidas in 1999 as verskaffer oorgeneem het.
Adidas tree sedert die [[1999-Drienasiesreeks]] as Nieu-Seeland se truivervaardiger op, nadat hulle by Canterbury oorgeneem het, wat sedert 1924 die truie vervaardig het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://nz.canterbury.com/canterbury-1924-i46 |title=Canterbury 1924 |publisher=nz.canterbury.com |accessdate=25 Junie 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625050132/https://nz.canterbury.com/canterbury-1924-i46 |archive-date=25 Junie 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ná die vrystelling van ’n spesiale trui vir die komende drie toetse teen die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus]] is in Junie 2017 aangekondig dat die vennootskap tussen die All Blacks en Adidas tot minstens 2023 uitgebrei is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/sport/331970/adidas-and-all-blacks-unveil-new-jersey |title=Adidas and All Blacks unveil new jersey |publisher=Radio New Zealand |date=31 Mei 2017 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
== Tuisstadions ==
[[Lêer:Eden Park.jpg|duimnael|links|[[Edenparkstadion|Edenpark]] in [[Auckland]]]]
{{Location map+ |Nieu-Seeland
|caption=Kaart van Nieu-Seeland se huidige tuistadions
|places=
{{Location map~ |Nieu-Seeland |label=[[Edenparkstadion|Edenpark]] |position=right |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=5 |lat_deg=-36 |lat_min=-52 |lat_sec=-30 |lon_deg=174 |lon_min=44 |lon_sec=41 }}
{{Location map~ |Nieu-Seeland |label={{nowrap|[[North Harbour-stadion|North Harbour]]}} |position=left |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=5 |lat_deg=-36 |lat_min=-43 |lat_sec=-37 |lon_deg=174 |lon_min=42 |lon_sec=6 }}
{{Location map~ |Nieu-Seeland |label=[[Waikatostadion|Waikato]] |position=left |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=5 |lat_deg=-37 |lat_min=-46 |lat_sec=-52 |lon_deg=175 |lon_min=16 |lon_sec=6 }}
{{Location map~ |Nieu-Seeland |label=[[Westpacstadion|Westpac]] |position=bottom |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=5 |lat_deg=-41 |lat_min=-16 |lat_sec=-23 |lon_deg=174 |lon_min=47 |lon_sec=9 }}
{{Location map~ |Nieu-Seeland |label={{nowrap|[[Forsyth Barr-stadion|Forsyth Barr]]}} |position=bottom |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=5 |lat_deg=-45 |lat_min=-52 |lat_sec=-9 |lon_deg=170 |lon_min=31 |lon_sec=28 }}
{{Location map~ |Nieu-Seeland |label={{nowrap|[[Rugby League Park]]}} |position=bottom |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=5 |lat_deg=-43.5437 |lon_deg=172.6041 }}
{{Location map~ |Nieu-Seeland |label=[[Yarrowstadion|Yarrow]] |position=left |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=5 |lat_deg=-39 |lat_min=-4 |lat_sec=-13 |lon_deg=174 |lon_min=3 |lon_sec=54 }}
{{Location map~ |Nieu-Seeland |label=[[McLeanpark]] |position=bottom |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=5 |lat_deg=-39 |lat_min=-30 |lat_sec=-7 |lon_deg=176 |lon_min=54 |lon_sec=46 }}
{{Location map~ |Nieu-Seeland |label=[[Trafalgarpark]] |position=top |mark=Red pog.svg |marksize=5 |lat_deg=-41 |lat_min=-16 |lat_sec=-1 |lon_deg=173 |lon_min=16 |lon_sec=59 }}
}}
Net soos ander vername rugbylande soos Argentinië, Australië, Frankryk en Suid-Afrika beskik Nieu-Seeland oor geen amptelike tuisstadion vir sy nasionale span nie. Die All Blacks gebruik vir hul tuiswedstryde eerder ’n verskeidenheid stadions dwarsdeur Nieu-Seeland in. Veral [[Edenparkstadion|Edenpark]] in [[Auckland]], [[Westpacstadion]] in [[Wellington, Nieu-Seeland|Wellington]] und die [[Waikatostadion]] in [[Hamilton, Nieu-Seeland|Hamilton]] word gereeld vir toetswedstryde gebruik.
Voor die oprigting van die Westpacstadion in 1999 was Wellington se toetsstadion [[Athletic Park]]. Athletic Park het die eerste All Blacks-toets in Nieu-Seeland teen Groot-Brittanje in 1904 gehuisves.<ref name="2ndTest">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/teamsheet.asp?MT_ID=1047 |title=Match Centre – All Blacks vs British & Irish Lions |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Hul eerste tuistoets buite die hoofsentra Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin en Wellington is in 1996 op [[McLeanpark]] in [[Napier, Nieu-Seeland|Napier]] gespeel.<ref name="296thTest">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/teamsheet.asp?MT_ID=2004 |title=Match Centre – All Blacks vs Samoa |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Edenpark het albei eindstryde van die rugbywêreldbekertoernooie in 1987 en 2011 aangebied.
Beide Edenpark en [[Lancasterpark]] is met die oog op die Rugbywêreldbeker 2011 opgeknap en hulle kapasiteite is verhoog. Die Nieu-Seelandse regering het alternatiewelik vir die uitbreiding van Edenpark die oprigting van ’n nasionale stadion by die ou hawe van Auckland voorgestel. Dié voorstel het is egter deur die owerhede in Auckland en die streek verwerp en is einde November 2006 laat vaar.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10412665 |title=It's Eden Park says disappointed Mallard |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=27 November 2006 |accessdate=5 Augustus 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805132327/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10412665 |archive-date=5 Augustus 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Destyds het die NZRU Carisbrook nie langer as ’n geskikte toetsstadion beskou nie, en ’n [[Forsyth Barr-stadion|bedekte sportstadion]] is as vervanging voorgestel.<ref name="CarisbrookReplacement">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411317/811408 |title=Proposed stadium a NZ first |publisher=TVNZ |date=10 Augustus 2006 |accessdate=14 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914055955/http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411317/811408 |archive-date=14 September 2020 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die stad [[Dunedin]] het die nuwe stadion in Maart 2008 goedgekeur,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/1320238/1642915 |title=Dunedin council to help fund stadium |publisher=TVNZ |date=17 Maart 2008 |accessdate=24 Oktober 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BeuvOBVD?url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/1320238/1642915 |archive-date=24 Oktober 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> die verkryging van grond het van Augustus tot Oktober daardie jaar plaasgevind,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/council-starts-buying-stadium-land |title=Council starts buying stadium land |publisher=Otago Daily Times |author=David Loughrey |date=29 Augustus 2008 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> en die nuwe stadion is in Augustus 2011 ingewy, net betyds vir die Rugbywêreldbeker.
Lancasterpark is tydens die Christchurch-aardbewing in Februarie 2011 ernstig beskadig, met krake in sommige staanplekke en die speeloppervlak is deur oorvloedig erg beskadig, maar ook die infrastruktuur en strate rondom dié stadion. As gevolg van die groot skade is al die wedstryde, wat in Christchurch beplan was, na ander plekke verskuif. Toetsrugby het in 2012 na Christchurch se [[Rugby League Park]] teruggekeer. Alhoewel die staanplekke op daardie stadion ernstig beskadig is, sodat hulle afgebreek moes word, was die skade aan die infrastruktuur heelwat minder as by Lancasterpark, en die speeloppervlak het die aardbewing relatief onbeskadig oorleef. Die stadion is herbou met ’n permanente sitplekkapasiteit van 17 000, met tydelike sitplekke vir ’n bykomende 9 000 toeskouers.
=== Rugbywêreldbekerstadions ===
{{Hoofartikel|Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|Rugbywêreldbeker 2011}}
[[Lêer:Rugby World Cup 2011 New Zealand.jpg|duimnael|Speelstede in Nieu-Seeland tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]]
Die eerste Rugbywêreldbeker 1987 is saam deur Australië en Nieu-Seeland aangebied. Van die wedstryde was soos volg opgedeel: Vyf wedstryde van Groep 2, asook al die wedstryde van beide Groep 3 (wat die All Blacks ingesluit het) en Groep 4 is dwarsdeur Nieu-Seeland aangebied. Daarbenewens is een kwarteindstryd elk in Auckland en Christchurch, asook die klein finale om die derde plek in Rotorua en die eindstryd tussen die All Blacks en Frankryk in Auckland aangebied. Nieu-Seeland het altesaam 21 wedstryde gehuisves, met die oorblywende elf wedstryde wat in Australië gespeel is. Van Nieu-Seeland se ander stadions tydens dié toernooi was: Athletic Park in Wellington, Lancasterpark in Christchurch, [[Carisbrook]] in [[Dunedin]], [[McLeanpark]] in [[Napier]], [[Waikatostadion]] in [[Hamilton, Nieu-Seeland|Hamilton]], [[Rugby Park-stadion|Rugby Park]] in [[Invercargill]] en [[Arena Manawatu|Showgrounds-ovaal]] in [[Palmerston North]].
Die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003]] sou oorspronklik oor deur beide Australië en Nieu-Seeland aangebied word, maar ná ’n dispuut tussen die [[Nieu-Seeland Rugby|Nieu-Seelandse Rugbyunie]] en die IRR is Australië as alleenlike gasheer aangewys.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/1861398.stm |title=New Zealand loses Cup status |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=8 Maart 2002 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Nieu-Seeland sou oorspronklik 23 van die 48 wedstryde huisves, maar is van hul gasheerregte ontneem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/international/1937084.stm |title=NZ loses Rugby World Cup |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=18 April 2002 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
Die Rugbywêreldbeker 2011 is dwarsdeur Nieu-Seeland aangebied. Die 48 wedstryde is in 13 stadions gehuisves, met [[Edenparkstadion|Edenpark]] in Auckland wat die openingswedstryd, die halfeindrondte, die klein finale om die derde plek en die eindstryd tussen die All Blacks en Frankryk aangebied het. Van Nieu-Seeland se ander stadions tydens dié toernooi was: [[Westpacstadion|Westpac]] in Wellington, [[Forsyth Barr-stadion|Otago]] in [[Dunedin]], [[North Harbour-stadion|North Harbour]] in Auckland, Waikatostadion in Hamilton, [[Rotorua Internasionale Stadion|Rotorua Int’l Stadion]] in [[Rotorua]], [[Yarrowstadion]] in [[Nieu-Plymouth]], [[Trafalgarpark]] in [[Nelson, Nieu-Seeland|Nelson]], Rugby Park in Invercargill, [[Okarapark]] in [[Whangarei]], McLeanpark in Napier en Showgrounds-ovaal in Palmerston North.
== Haka ==
{{Hoofartikel|Haka}}
[[Lêer:New Zealand Haka vs Portugal 15-09-2007.jpg|duimnael|links|Haka voor ’n wedstryd teen Portugal in Lyon, Frankryk, tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker 2007]]
[[Lêer:New zealand haka 1917.jpg|duimnael|’n Haka in 1917, Parys]]
[[Lêer:Maori allblacks paris.jpg|duimnael|Die Maori-All Blacks se haka in 1926, Parys]]
[[Lêer:haka 2006.jpg|duimnael|Die All Blacks besig om die Haka uit te voer voor ’n wedstryd teen Frankryk in 2006]]
[[Lêer:Haka.jpg|duimnael|’n 2009-haka]]
[[Lêer:Ka mate.jpg|duimnael|Frankryk beantwoord die haka tydens die 2007-kwarteindstryd met ’n nabystaan – en sal die wedstryd later wen]]
[[Lêer:2015 Rugby World Cup New Zealand vs Argentina (21391939030).jpg|duimnael|Haka tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker 2015 teen Argentinië]]
Die All Blacks voer ’n haka (’n [[Maori|Māori]]-oorlogsdans) voor elke toetswedstryd uit wat as ’n motivering vir hulleself en ’n intimidasie van hul teenstanders dien. Die haka word soms as ’n uitnodiging vir ’n geveg beskryf. Die haka word met Nieu-Seeland geassosieer sedert ’n toer van Nieu-Suid-Wallis in 1888/89.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Malcolm Mulholland |title=Beneath the Maori Moon: An Illustrated History of Maori Rugby |publisher=Huia Publishers |location=Wellington |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-86969-305-3 |pages=17}}</ref> Die Nieu-Seelandse “Native”-span (die span wat in Brittanje, Australië en Nieu-Seeland getoer het in 1888 en 1889) het die ''Ake Ake Kia Kaha'' gebruik en die 1903-span in Australië het ’n spottende haka, ''Tupoto koe, Kangaru!'' gebruik. Die 1905-All Blacks het die tradisie begin om die ''Ka Mate'' te gebruik en teen 1914 was dit goed gevestig in Nieu-Seelandse rugby. Die 1924-All Blacks het ’n spesiaal gekomponeerde haka, ''Kia Whaka-ngawari'', gebruik, maar later het die All Blacks weer teruggeval op die ''Ka Mate''.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Malcolm Mulholland |title=Beneath the Maori Moon: An Illustrated History of Maori Rugby |publisher=Huia Publishers |location=Wellington |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-86969-305-3 |pages=24}}</ref><ref name="1924Haka">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/haka/page-3 |title=All Blacks' Haka |publisher=Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die haka is tot in 1986 veral buite Nieu-Seeland opgevoer, maar sedert die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987]] ook op eie bodem. Dit moes egter geoefen word om 'n ritmiese akkuraatheid en intensiteit wat voorheen ontbreek het, te bereik. Die spelers Wayne Shelford en Hika Reid het hierin ’n sleutelrol gespeel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/the-haka/ |title=The Haka |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
In Augustus 2005, voor die Drienasiestoets tussen Nieu-Seeland en Suid-Afrika op Carisbrook in [[Dunedin]], het die All Blacks ’n ander haka, ''Kapa o Pango'', uitgevoer. ''Kapa o Pango'' was ’n haka wat spesiaal deur Derek Lardelli ontwikkel is en “...ontwerp is om die multi-kulturele aard van kontemporêre Nieu-Seeland te reflekteer — in besonder die invloed van [[Polinesië|Polinesiese]] kulture”.<ref name="KapaoPango">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10342926 |title=New haka the cutting edge of sport |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |author=Jon Stokes |date=29 Augustus 2005 |accessdate=29 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929164431/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/4/story.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=10342926 |archive-date=29 September 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ''Kapa o Pango'' is bedoel om gebruik te word by spesiale geleenthede en nie om die ''Ka Mate'' te vervang nie.<ref name="NotReplaceHaka">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://xtramsn.co.nz/rugby/0,,12428-4704719,00.html |title=ABs Reveal New Haka |publisher=xtramsn.co.nz |author=Marc Hinton |date=27 Augustus 2005 |accessdate=29 Junie 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629234113/http://xtramsn.co.nz/rugby/0,,12428-4704719,00.html |archive-date=29 Junie 2006 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ''Kapa o Pango'' eindig met ’n “keel-afsny”-aksie wat ’n bron van omstredenheid was en gelei het tot aantygings dat ''Kapa o Pango'' geweld aanmoedig wat die verkeerde boodskap aan All Blacks-ondersteuners sou stuur.<ref name="HakaControvery">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyunion/international/newzealand/2364899/Cut-throat-haka-does-All-Blacks-no-favours.html |title=Cut-throat haka does All Blacks no favours |publisher=[[Daily Telegraph]] |author=Mick Cleary |date=5 September 2005 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref name=two>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theage.com.au/sport/haka-furore-adds-spice-to-bledisloe-duel-20060728-gdo27b.html |title=Haka furore adds spice to Bledisloe duel |publisher=theage.com.au |date=28 Julie 2006 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Volgens die “Kapo o Pango”-komponis, Derek Lardelli, stel die gebaar die “trek van lewenskragtige energie in die longe en hart in” voor.<ref name="GestureMeaning">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.planet-rugby.com/News/story_52333.shtml |title=Kapa O Pango gets green light |publisher=Planet Rugby |date=8 Julie 2006 |accessdate=7 Junie 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607091559/http://www.planet-rugby.com/News/story_52333.shtml |archive-date=7 Junie 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Indien die All Blacks in [[Wellington, Nieu-Seeland|Wellington]] speel, word uit respek teenoor Te Rauparaha altyd die Ka Mate uitgevoer. By ander speelplekke besluit die kaptein en die haka se leier gedurende die dae voor die wedstryd op die haka wat wat die beste pas by die bui van die spel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/espn/feature/story/_/id/27583628/understanding-all-blacks-supreme-success |title=Understanding the All Blacks' supreme success |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
In November 2006, by die [[Millennium-stadion]] in [[Cardiff]], het die All Blacks die haka in hulle kleedkamers voor die wedstryd uitgevoer, in plaas van net voor die afskop. Die Walliese Rugbyunie wou gehad het dat die Walliese volkslied gesing moes word ná die uitvoering van die haka. Die All Blacks wou nie instem tot die versoek nie en het daarom die haka in hulle kleedkamers uitgevoer.<ref name="NoHaka">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://icwales.icnetwork.co.uk/0500rugbyunion/0200news/tm_method=full%26objectid=18166940%26siteid=50082-name_page.html |title=So just who is to blame for no Millennium haka? |publisher=icwales.co.uk |date=27 November 2006 |accessdate=18 Desember 2006}}</ref>
Ander nasionale spanne uit [[Eilandstaat|eilandstate]] in die [[Stille Oseaan]]-gebied voer soortgelyke oorlogsdanse voor internasionale wedstryde uit; dit sluit in [[Samoaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Samoa]] se weergawe van die haka, Tonga se ''Sipi Tau'' en Fidji se ''cibi''. Suid-Afrika se Springbokke het ook al oorweg om ’n [[Zoeloes|Zoeloe]]-oorlogsdans as deel van die voorwedstrydverrigtinge in te voer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/6902661.stm |title=Springboks aim to unveil own haka |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=17 Julie 2007 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
Die “Ka Mate”-haka begin algemeen met ’n stel van vyf voorbereidingsinstruksies wat deur die leier geskree word, voordat die hele span by hom aansluit:<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://haka.co.nz/haka/ |title=Haka |date=30 November 2015 |accessdate=22 Oktober 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022020138/http://haka.co.nz/haka/ |archive-date=22 Oktober 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite book |title=Haka! The Dance of a Noble People |date=17 Junie 1993 |publisher=Raupo Publishing (NZ) Ltd}}</ref>
{| border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="margin-left:3em"
|+'''"Ka Mate"'''
|-
|'''Leier''':
|''Taringa whakarongo!''
|
|Ore op!
|-
|
|''Kia rite! Kia rite! Kia mau! ''
|
|Maak reg...! Staan in een ry...! Staan vas!
|-
|'''Span''':
|''Hī!''
|
|Ja!
|-
|'''Leier''':
|''Ringa ringa pakia!''
|
| Klap die hande teen die dye!
|-
|
|''Waewae takahia kia kino nei hoki!''
|
|Stamp met die voete so hard as wat jy kan!
|-
|'''Span''':
|''Kia kino nei hoki!''
|
|So hard as wat ons kan!
|-
|'''Leier''':
|''Ka mate, ka mate''
|
|Ek sterf! Ek sterf!
|-
|'''Span''':
|''Ka ora' Ka ora'
|
|Ek lewe! Ek lewe!
|-
|'''Leier''':
|''Ka mate, ka mate''
|
|Ek sterf! Ek sterf!
|-
|'''Span''':
|''Ka ora' Ka ora'
|
|Ek lewe! Ek lewe!
|-
|'''Almal''':
|''Tēnei te tangata pūhuruhuru''
|
|Hier staan die harige man...
|-
|
| ''Nāna ne I tiki mai whakawhiti te rā''
|
|...wat die son roep en dit op ons laat skyn!
|-
|
|''A Upane! Ka Upane!''
|
|Ry nou! Ry nou!
|-
|
|''A Upane Kaupane"
|
|Neem die eerste stap!
|-
|
|''Whiti te rā,!''
|
|Laat die sonskyn in!
|-
|
|''Hī!''
|
|Maak klaar!
|}
== Toetswedstryde ==
[[Lêer:New Zealand IRB World Rankings.png|duimnael|400px|Nieu-Seeland se plek op [[Wêreldrugby]] se ranglys vanaf 10 Oktober 2003 tot op hede]]
Die All Blacks het teen elke teenstander ’n positiewe wenrekord. Nieu-Seeland het 505 van sy 657 toetswedstryde gewen, ’n wenrekord van 76,86%. Daarmee is die All Blacks die suksesvolste nasionale rugbyspan wêreldwyd. Drie nasionale spanne, wat deur Wêreldrugby as ’n vlak-een-span geag word, het nog nooit teen die All Blacks ’n oorwinning aangeteken nie ([[Italiaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Italië]], [[Japannese nasionale rugbyspan|Japan]] en [[Skotse nasionale rugbyspan|Skotland]]). Die slegste wenrekord het die All Blacks teen die Suid-Afrikaanse Springbokke (58,18%). Sedert die bekendstelling van Wêreldrugby se ranglys in Oktober 2003 was Nieu-Seeland oorwegend in die eerste plek. Nieu-Seeland se statistieke in toetswedstryde teen al die lande, in alfabetiese volgorde, is soos volg (korrek teen Oktober 2025):<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=team;team=8;template=results;type=team;view=opposition |title=International Rugby Union Statistics – New Zealand |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/ |title=Match Centre – All Blacks test match Record since first test match |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Teenstander
! Gespeel
! Gewen
! Verloor
! Gelykop
! % Gewen
|- bgcolor="#d0ffd0" align="center"
|-
| {{ARGru}} || 41 || 36 || 4 || 1 || 87,80
|-
| {{AUSru}} || 181 || 128 || 45 || 8 || 70,72
|-
| {{BILru}} || 41 || 30 || 7 || 4 || 73,17
|-
| {{ENGru}} || 46 || 36 || 8 || 2 || 78,26
|-
| {{FIJru}} || 8 || 8 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{FRAru}} || 67 || 51 || 15 || 1 || 76,12
|-
| {{GEOru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{IRLru}} || 38 || 32 || 5 || 1 || 84,21
|-
| {{ITAru}} || 17 || 17 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{JPNru}} || 6 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{CANru}} || 6 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{NAMru}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| [[Lêer:Flag of rugby Pacific Islanders.svg|24px|raam]] Pasifiese Eilanders || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{PORru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{ROMru}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{SAMru}} || 7 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{SCOru}} || 32 || 30 || 0 || 2 || 93,75
|-
| {{RSAru}} || 110 || 64 || 42 || 4 || 58,18
|-
| {{TGAru}} || 7 || 7 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{URUru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{USAru}} || 4 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{WALru}} || 37 || 34 || 3 || 0 || 91,89
|- class="sortbottom"
! Algeheel || 657 !! 505 !! 129 !! 23 !! 76,86
|}
Wedstryde teen verskeie saamgestelde spanne tydens oorsese toere van die amateurtydperk en die deur [[Nieu-Seeland Rugby]] nieerkende wedstryde teen die Nieu-Suid-Walliese Waratahs (1920–1928) is nie in die lys nie. Wedstryde teen die [[Britse Barbarians]] word deur Nieu-Seeland Rugby ook nie as sulks erken nie.
== Wedywering met ander nasionale spanne ==
=== Noordelike Halfrond ===
Net soos die ander rugbylande van die Suidelike Halfrond handhaaf Nieu-Seeland ’n wedywering met die nasionale spanne van die Noordelike Halfrond. Net só het Nieu-Seeland tydens twee van sy eindstrydverskynings teen Frankryk te staan gekom (in 1987 en 2011), wat hulle albei kon wen. Sedert 2000 ding Nieu-Seeland en Frankryk mee om die [[Dave Gallaher-trofee]] en sedert 2008 ding Nieu-Seeland en Engeland mee om die [[Hillary-skild]].<ref name="Part One">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://en.espn.co.uk/scrum/rugby/story/84191.html |title=The Scrum.com trophy guide – Part One |publisher=ESPNscrum |date=29 Oktober 2008 |accessdate=13 Mei 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513190107/http://en.espn.co.uk/scrum/rugby/story/84191.html |archive-date=13 Mei 2023 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Part Two">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://en.espn.co.uk/scrum/rugby/story/84879.html |title=The Scrum.com trophy guide – Part Two |publisher=ESPNscrum |date=5 November 2008 |accessdate=13 Mei 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513190101/http://en.espn.co.uk/scrum/rugby/story/84879.html |archive-date=13 Mei 2023 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2005 en 2017 was teen die Britse en Ierse Leeus die New Zealand Lions Series-trofee op die spel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/rugby/story/_/id/15380001/lions-trophy-unveiled |title=Lions trophy unveiled |publisher=ESPNscrum |date=29 Mei 2005 |accessdate=2 Augustus 2025}}</ref> Dié trofee is in 2021 met die Lions Series-trofee vervang, wat aan die wenner van elke vierjaarlikse Leeus-reeks oorhandig word.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.lionsrugby.com/en/news/lions-and-springboks-to-play-for-new-tour-trophy-created-by-thomas-lyte |title=Lions and Springboks to play for new Tour trophy created by Thomas Lyte |publisher=[[Britse en Ierse Leeus]] |date=4 Mei 2021 |accessdate=2 Augustus 2025}}</ref>
=== Suid-Afrika ===
[[Lêer:1981-springbok-tour-auckland-1.jpg|duimnael|Die All Blacks se 1981-toetswedstryd teen die Springbokke in Auckland moes agter doringdraad plaasvind en is deur betogings begelei]]
Sedert die eerste ontmoeting in 1921 op Nieu-Seelandse bodem handhaaf die Springbokke en die All Blacks, wat albei as die beste nasionale rugbyspanne wêreldwyd beskou word, ’n intensiewe wedywering. Reeds destyds is albei spanne as die bestes beskou, wat deur die gelykopuitslag van die eerste toetsreeks bevestig is. Die tweede toetsreeks tydens die teenbesoek van 1928 in Suid-Afrika het ook in ’n gelykopuitslag geëindig. In 1937 het die Springbokke daarin geslaag om in Nieu-Seeland ’n toetsreeks teen die All Blacks te wen. In 1949 het die Springbokke die tuisreeks teen die All Blacks met ’n negatiewe rekord vir die Nieu-Seelanders, wat vandag nog bestaan, gewen. In 1956 het die All Blacks egter die tuisreeks teen die Springbokke gewen. In 1960 was die Springbokke weer tydens die tuisreeks teen die All Blacks suksesvol; dié toer word egter vir politieke rusies as vir sportiewe suksesse onthou. Daarna is die wedersydse toetsreekse veral deur die Suid-Afrikaanse apartheidsbeleid en die gepaardgaande twis oor die All Blacks se Māorispelers gekenmerk. Tot in die 1980’s is onderlinge toere onderneem, maar hulle het veral politieke weerstand van anti-apartheidsaktiviste ontlok en is vervolgens deur proteste van ander lande begelei. Die Nieu-Seelandse regering se vashou aan die 1976-toer na Suid-Afrika en die Internasionale Olimpiese Komitee se weiering (rugby was destyds nie ’n Olimpiese sportsoort nie) om Nieu-Seeland ná proteste deur Afrikalande van die [[Olimpiese Somerspele 1976]] te skors het tot die boikot van dié Olimpiese Spele deur 30 oorwegend Afrikalande gelei.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics-summer/african-nations-boycott-costly-montreal-games-1.770807 |title=African nations boycott costly Montreal Games |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |date=7 Augustus 2009 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
Eers ná die einde van die apartheidsbewind in Suid-Afrika het die onderlinge wedywering genormaliseer. Tot vandag toe het die Springbokke slegs teen die All Blacks ’n negatiewe wenrekord.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.investec.com/en_za/sponsorships/rugby/all-blacks-vs-springboks-the-greatest-sports-rivalry.html |title=Springboks vs the All Blacks – The Great Rivalry |publisher=Investec |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/a-rivalry-in-numbers-all-blacks-vs-south-africa |title=A Rivalry in Numbers: All Blacks vs South Africa |publisher=All Blacks |date=23 Julie 2019 |accessdate=4 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004192056/https://www.allblacks.com/news/a-rivalry-in-numbers-all-blacks-vs-south-africa |archive-date=4 Oktober 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die wedywering sluit intussen ook die rugbywêreldbekertoernooie in, aangesien die Springbokke die Webb Ellis-beker reeds vier keer omhoog kon hou en die All Blacks drie keer. In 2023 het die Springbokke die eerste span geword wat die toernooi vir ’n vierde keer kon wen (by altesaam tien rugbywêreldbekertoernooie). Albei spanne het tot dusver tydens ses rugbywêreldbekertoernooie ontmoet, waarvan die All Blacks en die Springbokke drie wedstryde elk kon wen. Die Springbokke se belangrikste oorwinnings was die 1995-eindstryd, toe hulle met 15–12 in ekstra tyd gewen het, en die 2023-eindstryd, wat hulle met 12–11 kon wen. Sedert 1996 ontmoet albei spanne tydens die jaarlikse Drienasiesreeks, sedert 2012 die Rugbykampioenskap. Tydens die [[2017-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] moes die Springbokke hul (tot dusver) ergste nederlaag verduur: 0–57 teen die All Blacks.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://super.rugby/therugbychampionship/news/rampant-all-blacks-blow-springboks-away/ |title=Rampant All Blacks blow Springboks away |publisher=Super Rugby |date=17 Augustus 2017 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Tydens die [[2025-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] het die Springbokke op hul beurt die All Blacks hul ergste nederlaag in dié tyd toegedien: 10–43.
As gevolg van die Springbokke se geskiedenis as ’n suiwer “wit” span het baie Suid-Afrikaners, wat destyds onder die rassistiese diskriminasie gely het, die All Blacks pleks van die Springbokke ondersteun, ook oor generasies heen. Dit het sy oorsprong in apartheid, toe anti-apartheidsaktiviste by elke geleentheid die teenstaander van die Springbokke as ’n soort weerstand teen apartheid en sy simbole ondersteun het. Ná die einde van apartheid is hierdie gedrag deur ander Suid-Afrikaners egter as “onpatrioties” en “verraaiend” bestempel. Sedert die oorwinnings van ’n span toenemend saamgestel uit “swart”, “wit” en “bruin” spelers (sedert die Rugbywêreldbeker 1995), asook herstrukturering in die bestuurspan kon al hoe meer Suid-Afrikaners van alle etniese agtergronde hulself met die nasionale rugbyspan identifiseer, en om hierdie rede het die ondersteuning vir die All Blacks of ander spanne gekwyn.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://theconversation.com/cape-crusaders-why-some-south-africans-still-support-the-kiwis-not-the-springboks-87207 |title=Cape Crusaders: why some South Africans (still) support the Kiwis, not the Springboks |publisher=The Conversation |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
=== Australië ===
[[Lêer:Australia nz first 1903.jpg|duimnael|Die eerste toetswedstryd tussen Australië en Nieu-Seeland op 15 Augustus 1903 in Sydney]]
Soos in ander sportsoorte (veral [[krieket]], [[rugby league]], [[netbal]] en op die [[Statebondspele]]) handhaaf Nieu-Seeland tradisioneel goeie wedywering met sy buurland Australië,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/more-sports/mad-tuesday-11-things-you-never-wanted-to-know-about-the-trans-tasman-sporting-rivalry/news-story/ae6dd16e7f4cec90ec146c176f497ebf |title=Mad Tuesday: 11 things you never wanted to know about the Trans Tasman sporting rivalry |publisher=Fox Sports |author=Trevor Marshallsea |date=3 Mei 2016 |accessdate=15 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2015/oct/29/the-encounters-that-have-underpinned-trans-tasman-sporting-rivalry |title=The encounters that have underpinned trans-Tasman sporting rivalry |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |author=Russell Jackson |date=28 Oktober 2015 |accessdate=15 November 2021}}</ref> waarna dikwels as “wedywering onder sibbes” (''sibling rivalry'') verwys word.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.cricketcountry.com/articles/australia-vs-new-zealand-an-intense-sibling-rivalry-where-nothing-else-matters-than-win-502235 |title=Australia vs New Zealand, an intense sibling rivalry where nothing else matters than 'win' |publisher=Cricket Country |author=Suvajit Mustafi |date=28 Maart 2015 |accessdate=15 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/cricket/67529059/top-ten-nzaustralia-clashes |title=Top ten NZ/Australia clashes |publisher=Stuff |author=Rosanna Price, Henry Cooke |date=27 Maart 2015 |accessdate=15 November 2021}}</ref> Die eerste toetswedstryd tussen albei spanne is tydens die Nieu-Seelandse besoek aan Australië in 1903 gespeel. Sedert 1932 ding albei spanne mee om die Bledisloebeker, een van die oudste trofeë in internasionale rugby. Van die 181 toetswedstryde tot dusver het Nieu-Seeland 128 gewen, Australië 45, met agt gelykopuitslae. Gedurende wêreldbekertoernooie het albei spanne tot dusver vier keer ontmoet (in 1991, 2003, 2011 en 2015), waarvan albei spanne twee wedstryde elk gewen het. Albei lande het al belangrike rugbytoernooie soos die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987]] saam aangebied. Die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003]] is oorspronklik ook aan albei rugbylande toegewys, maar ná ’n kontraktuele dispuut oor grondtekenregte tussen die [[Nieu-Seeland Rugby|Nieu-Seelandse Rugbyunie]] en die IRR is Australië as alleenlike gasheer aangewys. Daarbenewens het hulle in die eindstryd van die Rugbywêreldbeker 2015 ontmoet, wat die All Blacks gewen het.
== Rekords ==
=== Wêreldbekerrekord ===
[[Lêer:Richie McCaw and the Webb Ellis cup after the Rugby World Cup final 2011.jpg|duimnael|upright|Nieu-Seeland het in 1987, 2011 en 2015 die [[Webb Ellis-beker]] omhoog gehou]]
Alhoewel die All Blacks altyd een van die groot gunstelinge is om die vierjaarlikse [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooi te wen, het hulle die [[Webb Ellis-beker]] slegs drie keer ingepalm: tydens die eerste [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987]] in Nieu-Seeland en Australië, tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]] tuis en tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015]] in Engeland. Daarmee het die All Blacks die eerste nasionale rugbyspan geword wat die titel verdedig het. In [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991|1991]] het hulle die halfeindstryd teen die Wallabies verloor en in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995|1995]] die eindstryd teen die Springbokke. Hul tweede ergste uitslag was in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999|1999]] die vierde plek. In [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003|2003]] het hulle weereens die halfeindstryd teen Australië verloor. Hul ergste toernooiverloop was tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]], toe hulle reeds in die kwarteindstryd deur Frankryk uitgeskakel is.
{| class="wikitable"
! Jaar !! Uitslag
|- style="background:#F7F6A8;"
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]] || '''Kampioen'''
|- style="background:#FFDAB9;"
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991|1991]] || Derde plek
|- style="background:#DCE5E5;"
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995|1995]] || Tweede plek
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999|1999]] || Vierde plek
|- style="background:#FFDAB9;"
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003|2003]] || Derde plek
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]] || Kwarteindrondte
|- style="background:#F7F6A8;"
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011|2011]] || '''Kampioen'''
|- style="background:#F7F6A8;"
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015|2015]] || '''Kampioen'''
|- style="background:#FFDAB9;"
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2019|2019]] || Derde plek
|- style="background:#DCE5E5;"
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023|2023]] || Tweede plek
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2027|2027]] || ''gekwalifiseer''
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2031|2031]] || {{n.v.t.}}
|}
=== Drienasies/Rugbykampioenskap ===
[[Lêer:Bledisloe Cup on display in Sydney 2014.jpg|duimnael|upright|Tydens die Rugbykampioenskap ding onder andere Australië en Nieu-Seeland om die [[Bledisloebeker]] mee]]
Nieu-Seeland se enigste jaarlikse toernooi is die Rugbykampioenskap (voorheen die Drienasies), waar hulle teen drie ander lande van die Suidelike Halfrond speel: Australië en Suid-Afrika sedert 1996; Argentinië het in 2012 by dié toernooi aangesluit. Nieu-Seeland se rekord van 20 toernooikampioenskappe (1996, 1997, 1999, 2002, 2003, 2005–2008, 2010, 2012–2014, 2016–2018 en 2020–2023) en 99 wedstrydoorwinnings is verreweg meer as die rekords van die ander spanne. As deel van die Rugbykampioenskap ding die All Blacks ook met die Wallabies om die [[Bledisloebeker]] (sedert 1932) en met die Springbokke om die [[Vryheidsbeker]] (sedert 2004) mee.<ref name="Part Two" />
{{Drie-Nasiesrekord}}
{{Die Rugbykampioenskap-rekord}}
<small>Punte word soos volg toegeken: 4 punte vir ’n oorwinning, 2 punte vir ’n gelykopuitslag, 0 punte vir ’n nederlaag (saam met moontlike bonuspunte), 1 bonuspunt vir ten minste drie drieë meer as die teenstander, 1 bonuspunt vir ’n nederlaag met minder as sewe punte.</small>
=== Ander toetswedstryde ===
Gedurende die amateurtydperk het die All Blacks maandelange oorsese toere onderneem, waartydens hulle teen ander nasionale spanne, plaaslike saamgestelde spanne en klubspanne gespeel het. Eweneens het oorsese spanne na Nieu-Seeland getoer. Die All Blacks het al vier keer ’n Grand Slam behaal, d.w.s. ’n oorwinning oor die vier Tuisnasies Engeland, Ierland, Skotland en Wallis tydens dieselfde toer (die Grand Slam-toere was in 1978, 2005, 2008 en 2010).
Teen die jaar 2000 het die oorsese toere volgens die ou tradisie tot ’n einde gekom, aangesien die professionalisering van die rugbyspel te min tyd vir toere oorlaat (’n uitsondering is die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus]] se vierjaarlikse toere). Deesdae is toetswedstryde teen die spanne van die Noordelike Halfrond tweekeer per jaar moontlik. Gedurende Juniemaand se [[midjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] vertrek Europese spanne na Nieu-Seeland en gedurende Novembermaand se [[eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] reis die All Blacks na Europa.
Een van die mees tradisionele trofee in internasionale rugby is die Bledisloebeker. Australië en Nieu-Seeland ding sedert 1932 om dié beker mee, sedert 1996 tydens die Drienasiesreeks en sedert 2012 as deel van die Rugbykampioenskap. Tydens dié toernooi ding Nieu-Seeland sedert 2004 ook met Suid-Afrika om die [[Vryheidsbeker]] mee. Sedert 2000 ding Nieu-Seeland en Frankryk mee om die [[Dave Gallaher-trofee]] (genoem na [[David Gallaher|David „Dave“ Gallaher]], die kaptein van die ''Original All Blacks'' van 1905/06, wie tydens die [[Eerste Wêreldoorlog]] in Frankryk gesneuwel het) en hulle moes dié trofee in 2009 en 2021 oorhandig. Sedert 2008 ding Nieu-Seeland en Engeland mee om die [[Hillary-skild]] (genoem na die in 2008 oorlede [[Edmund Hillary]]) wat die All Blacks slegs in 2012 moes oorhandig.<ref name="Part One" /><ref name="Part Two" /> In 2005 en 2017 het die All Blacks teen die Britse en Ierse Leeus om die New Zealand Lions Series-trofee meegeding, wat in 2021 met die Lions Series-trofee vervang is.
== Spelers ==
=== Huidige span ===
Die volgende spelers het die All Blacks-span gevorm tydens die [[2025-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]]:<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/all-blacks-squad-for-the-lipovitan-d-rugby-championship |title=All Blacks Squad for the Lipovitan-D Rugby Championship |publisher=[[Nieu-Seeland Rugby]] |date=4 Augustus 2025 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
{|
| valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Agterspelers ''(backs)''
|-
! Speler !! Posisie !! Klub / Provinsie !! Toetswedstryde
|-
| [[Noah Hotham]] || [[Skrumskakel]] || [[Crusaders (Superrugbyspan)|Crusaders]] / Tasman || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}2
|-
| [[Cortez Ratima]] || Skrumskakel || [[Chiefs (Superrugbyspan)|Chiefs]] / Waikato || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}14
|-
| [[Cam Roigard]] || Skrumskakel || [[Hurricanes (Superrugbyspan)|Hurricanes]] / Counties Manukau || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}12
|-
| [[Beauden Barrett]] || [[Losskakel]] || [[Blues (Superrugbyspan)|Blues]] / Taranaki || style="text-align:center" | 136
|-
| [[Damian McKenzie]] || Losskakel || [[Chiefs (Superrugbyspan)|Chiefs]] / Waikato || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}64
|-
| [[Jordie Barrett]] || [[Senter]] || [[Hurricanes (Superrugbyspan)|Hurricanes]] / Taranaki || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}71
|-
| [[Anton Lienert-Brown]] || Senter || [[Chiefs (Superrugbyspan)|Chiefs]] / Waikato || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}85
|-
| [[Billy Proctor]] || Senter || [[Hurricanes (Superrugbyspan)|Hurricanes]] / Wellington || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}4
|-
| [[Timoci Tavatavanawai]] || Senter || [[Highlanders (Superrugbyspan)|Highlanders]] / Tasman || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}2
|-
| [[Quinn Tupaea]] || Senter || [[Chiefs (Superrugbyspan)|Chiefs]] / Waikato || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}16
|-
| [[Caleb Clarke]] || [[Vleuel]] || [[Blues (Superrugbyspan)|Blues]] / Auckland || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}29
|-
| [[Rieko Ioane]] || Vleuel || [[Blues (Superrugbyspan)|Blues]] / Auckland || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}83
|-
| [[Emoni Narawa]] || Vleuel || [[Chiefs (Superrugbyspan)|Chiefs]] / Bay of Plenty || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}3
|-
| [[Sevu Reece]] || Vleuel || [[Crusaders (Superrugbyspan)|Crusaders]] / Bay of Plenty || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}34
|-
| [[Will Jordan (rugbyspeler)|Will Jordan]] || [[Heelagter]] || [[Crusaders (Superrugbyspan)|Crusaders]] / Tasman || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}44
|-
| [[Ruben Love]] || Heelagter || [[Hurricanes (Superrugbyspan)|Hurricanes]] / Wellington || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}2
|}
|
| valign="top" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Voorspelers ''(forwards)''
|-
! Speler !! Posisie !! Klub / Provinsie !! Toetswedstryde
|-
| [[Brodie McAlister]] || [[Haker]] || [[Chiefs (Superrugbyspan)|Chiefs]] / Canterbury || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}1
|-
| [[Codie Taylor]] || Haker || [[Crusaders (Superrugbyspan)|Crusaders]] / Canterbury || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}98
|-
| [[Samisoni Taukeiʻaho]] || Haker || [[Chiefs (Superrugbyspan)|Chiefs]] / Waikato || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}33
|-
| [[Ethan de Groot]] || [[Stut]] || [[Highlanders (Superrugbyspan)|Highlanders]] / Southland || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}32
|-
| [[Tyrel Lomax]] || Stut || [[Hurricanes (Superrugbyspan)|Hurricanes]] / Tasman || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}45
|-
| [[Fletcher Newell]] || Stut || [[Crusaders (Superrugbyspan)|Crusaders]] / Canterbury || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}25
|-
| [[Ollie Norris]] || Stut || [[Chiefs (Superrugbyspan)|Chiefs]] / Waikato || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}2
|-
| [[Pasilio Tosi]] || Stut || [[Hurricanes (Superrugbyspan)|Hurricanes]] / Bay of Plenty || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}9
|-
| [[Tamaiti Williams]] || Stut || [[Crusaders (Superrugbyspan)|Crusaders]] / Canterbury || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}18
|-
| [[Scott Barrett]] [[Lêer:Captain sports.svg|15px|Kaptein]] || [[Slot (rugby)|Slot]] || [[Crusaders (Superrugbyspan)|Crusaders]] / Taranaki || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}81
|-
| [[Fabian Holland]] || Slot || [[Highlanders (Superrugbyspan)|Highlanders]] / Otago || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}3
|-
| [[Patrick Tuipulotu]] || Slot || [[Blues (Superrugbyspan)|Blues]] / Auckland || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}53
|-
| [[Tupou Vaaʻi]] || Slot || [[Chiefs (Superrugbyspan)|Chiefs]] / Taranaki || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}40
|-
| [[Samipeni Finau]] || [[Losvoorspeler]] || [[Chiefs (Superrugbyspan)|Chiefs]] / Waikato || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}11
|-
| [[Luke Jacobson]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Chiefs (Superrugbyspan)|Chiefs]] / Waikato || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}24
|-
| [[Du’Plessis Kirifi]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Hurricanes (Superrugbyspan)|Hurricanes]] / Wellington || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}3
|-
| [[Peter Lakai]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Hurricanes (Superrugbyspan)|Hurricanes]] / Wellington || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}3
|-
| [[Simon Parker]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Chiefs (Superrugbyspan)|Chiefs]] / Northland || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}0
|-
| [[Ardie Savea]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Moana Pasifika]] / Wellington || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}97
|-
| [[Wallace Sititi]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Chiefs (Superrugbyspan)|Chiefs]] / North Harbour || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}10
|}
|}
=== Bekende spelers ===
[[Lêer:Dave Gallaher 1905c.jpg|duimnael|upright|Dave Gallaher (1905)]]
[[Lêer:Colin Meads.jpg|duimnael|upright|Colin Meads (1956)]]
[[Lêer:Jonah Lomu (cropped).jpg|duimnael|upright|Jonah Lomu (2004)]]
20 voormalige Nieu-Seelandse spelers is vir hul uitstekende prestasies in Wêreldrugby se Heldesaal opgeneem:<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/halloffame/inductees |title=Inductees |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Speler !! Posisie !! Inskrywing
|-
| [[Fred Allen (rugbyspeler)|Fred Allen]] || [[Losskakel]] || 2014
|-
| [[Dan Carter]] || [[Losskakel]], [[Senter]] || 2023
|-
| [[Don Clarke]] || [[Heelagter]] || 2014
|-
| [[Grant Fox]] || [[Losskakel]] || 2014
|-
| [[Sean Fitzpatrick]] || [[Haker]] || 2014
|-
| [[David Gallaher]] || [[Losvoorspeler]] || 2010
|-
| [[Michael Jones (rugbyspeler)|Michael Jones]] || [[Losvoorspeler]], [[Agsteman]] || 2014
|-
| [[David Kirk]] || [[Skrumskakel]] || 2011
|-
| [[Ian Kirkpatrick (Nieu-Seelandse rugbyspeler)|Ian Kirkpatrick]] || [[Losvoorspeler]] || 2014
|-
| [[John Kirwan]] || [[Vleuel]] || 2014
|-
| [[Chris Laidlaw]] || [[Skrumskakel]] || 2024
|-
| [[Brian Lochore]] || [[Agsteman]], [[Slot (rugby)|Slot]] || 2011
|-
| [[Jonah Lomu]] || [[Vleuel]] || 2011
|-
| [[Richie McCaw]] || [[Losvoorspeler]] || 2019
|-
| [[Colin Meads]] || [[Slot (rugby)|Slot]], [[Agsteman]] || 2014
|-
| [[Graham Mourie]] || [[Losvoorspeler]] || 2014
|-
| [[George Nepia]] || [[Heelagter]] || 2014
|-
| [[Joe Warbrick]] || [[Heelagter]] || 2008
|-
| [[Wilson Whineray]] || [[Stut]] || 2007
|-
| [[Bryan Williams]] || [[Vleuel]], [[Senter]], [[Heelagter]] || 2018
|}
Daarbenewens is die wêreldkampioenafrigter [[Graham Henry]] en die span ''New Zealand Natives'' ingeskryf.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/halloffame/inductees/706696 |title=Graham Henry – World Rugby – Hall of Fame |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/halloffame/inductees/59180 |title=1888 New Zealand Team – World Rugby – Hall of Fame |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> 14 spelers is tweeledige wêreldkampioene: [[Dan Carter]], [[Ben Franks]], [[Owen Franks]], [[Jerome Kaino]], [[Richie McCaw]], [[Keven Mealamu]], [[Ma’a Nonu]], [[Kieran Read]], [[Colin Slade]], [[Conrad Smith]], [[Victor Vito (rugbyspeler)|Victor Vito]], [[Sam Whitelock]], [[Sonny Bill Williams]] en [[Tony Woodcock (rugbyspeler)|Tony Woodcock]] (almal in 2011 en in 2015). [[Wêreldrugby]] het vyf spelers as speler van die jaar benoem: [[Dan Carter]] (in 2005, 2012 en 2015), [[Richie McCaw]] (in 2006, 2009 en 2010), [[Kieran Read]] (in 2013), [[Brodie Retallick]] (in 2014), [[Beauden Barrett]] (in 2016 en 2017) en [[Ardie Savea]] (in 2023).<ref name="World Rugby Awards">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/tournaments/awards/past-winners/ |title=World Rugby Awards Past Winners |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
=== Spelerstatistieke ===
[[Lêer:Kieran Read 2011.jpg|duimnael|upright|Kieran Read (2011)]]
[[Lêer:Richie McCaw ONZ (cropped).jpg|duimnael|upright|Richie McCaw (2016)]]
[[Lêer:Dan Carter ONZM (cropped).jpg|duimnael|upright|Dan Carter (2019)]]
Vervolgens die belangrikste statistieke van die All Blacks se spelers.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/statlist.asp |title=All Blacks se statistieke |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref> Die spelers wat met <nowiki>*</nowiki> gekenmerk is, is nog aktief en kan hul statistieke verbeter. Die verskil tussen die aantal wedstryde en die aantal toetswedstryde is ’n gevolg van die All Blacks se groot aantal wedstryde teen plaaslike spanne en keurspanne tydens oorsese toere in die amateurtydperk.
<small>(Korrek teen Oktober 2025)</small>
{|
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste toetswedstryde<ref name="Most tests" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;team=8;template=results;type=player |title=Total matches played (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Toetswedstryde
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Sam Whitelock]] || 2010–2023 || 153
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Richie McCaw]] || 2001–2015 || 148
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Beauden Barrett]] * || 2012–2025 || 141
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Keven Mealamu]] || 2002–2015 || 132
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Kieran Read]] || 2008–2019 || 127
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Aaron Smith]] || 2012–2023 || 125
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Tony Woodcock]] || 2002–2015 || 118
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Dan Carter]] || 2003–2015 || 112
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Brodie Retallick]] || 2012–2023 || 109
|-
| 10 || [[Owen Franks]] || 2009–2019 || 108
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste wedstryde<ref name="Most matches">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/mostgames.ASP?stats_ID=11 |title=All Blacks that have played 75 or more matches. |publisher=All Blacks |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Wedstryde
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Sam Whitelock]] || 2010–2023 || 153
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Richie McCaw]] || 2001–2015 || 149
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Beauden Barrett]] * || 2012–2025 || 142
|-
|rowspan="2"| {{0}}4 || [[Colin Meads]] || 1957–1971
|rowspan="2"| 133
|-
| [[Keven Mealamu]] || 2002–2015
|-
|rowspan="2"| {{0}}6 || [[Sean Fitzpatrick]] || 1986–1997
|rowspan="2"| 128
|-
| [[Kieran Read]] || 2008–2019
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Aaron Smith]] || 2012–2023 || 125
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Tony Woodcock]] || 2002–2015 || 118
|-
| 10 || [[Andy Haden]] || 1972–1985 || 117
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste punte aangeteken<ref name="Most test points" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=points;team=8;template=results;type=player |title=Total points scored (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Punte
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Dan Carter]] || 2003–2015 || 1598
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Andrew Mehrtens]] || 1995–2004 || {{0}}967
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Beauden Barrett]] * || 2012–2025 || {{0}}813
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Grant Fox]] || 1985–1993 || {{0}}645
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Richie Mo’unga]] || 2017–2023 || {{0}}466
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Damian McKenzie]] * || 2016–2025 || {{0}}353
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Aaron Cruden]] || 2010–2017 || {{0}}322
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Jordie Barrett]] * || 2017–2025 || {{0}}306
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Carlos Spencer]] || 1997–2004 || {{0}}291
|-
| 10 || [[Doug Howlett]] || 2000–2007 || {{0}}245
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste drieë gedruk<ref name="Most test tries" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=tries;team=8;template=results;type=player |title=Total tries scored (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Drieë
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Doug Howlett]] || 2000–2007 || 49
|-
|rowspan="3"| {{0}}2 || [[Julian Savea]] || 2012–2017
|rowspan="3"| 46
|-
| [[Christian Cullen]] || 1996–2002
|-
| [[Joe Rokocoko]] || 2003–2010
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Beauden Barrett]] * || 2012–2025 || 45
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Jeff Wilson]] || 1993–2001 || 44
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Will Jordan (rugbyspeler)|Will Jordan]] * || 2020–2025 || 43
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Ben Smith]] || 2012–2019 || 39
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Rieko Ioane]] * || 2016–2025 || 38
|-
| 10 || [[Jonah Lomu]] || 1995–2002 || 37
|}
|}
== Afrigters ==
[[Lêer:Wayne Smith CNZM (cropped).jpg|duimnael|upright|Wayne Smith (2012)]]
[[Lêer:Graham Henry knight 2012.jpg|duimnael|upright|Graham Henry (2012)]]
[[Lêer:Steve Hansen 2012.jpg|duimnael|upright|Steve Hansen (2020)]]
Aangesien die definisie en rol van afrigters tot die Suid-Afrikaanse toer in 1949 baie uiteenlopend was, bevat die volgende tabel slegs afrigters wat sedertdien benoem is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Ron Palenski |title=Century in Black: 100 Years of All Black Test Rugby |publisher=Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers |location=Auckland |year=2003 |isbn=1-86958-937-8 |pages=290}}</ref> Sedert die begin af was al die All Blacks se afrigters Nieu-Seelanders.
{| class="wikitable"
! Naam
! Tydperk
! Wedstryde
! Oorwinnings
! Gelykop
! Nederlae
! % Gewen
|-
| Alex McDonald
| 1949
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 4
| 0
|-
| Tom Morrison
| 1950, 1955–56
| 12
| 8
| 1
| 3
| 66,7
|-
| Len Clode
| 1951
| 3
| 3
| 0
| 0
| 100
|-
| Arthur Marslin
| 1953–1954
| 5
| 3
| 0
| 2
| 60
|-
| Dick Everest
| 1957
| 2
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 100
|-
| Jack Sullivan
| 1958–1960
| 11
| 6
| 1
| 4
| 54,5
|-
| Neil McPhail
| 1961–1965
| 20
| 16
| 2
| 2
| 80
|-
| Ron Bush
| 1962
| 2
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 100
|-
| Fred Allen
| 1966–1968
| 14
| 14
| 0
| 0
| 100
|-
| Ivan Vodanovich
| 1969–1971
| 10
| 4
| 1
| 5
| 40
|-
| Bob Duff
| 1972–1973
| 8
| 6
| 1
| 1
| 75
|-
| John Stewart
| 1974–1976
| 11
| 6
| 1
| 4
| 54,5
|-
| Jack Gleeson
| 1977–1978
| 13
| 10
| 0
| 3
| 76,9
|-
| Eric Watson
| 1979–1980
| 9
| 5
| 0
| 4
| 55,5
|-
| Peter Burke
| 1981–1982
| 11
| 9
| 0
| 2
| 81,8
|-
| Bryce Rope
| 1983–1984
| 12
| 9
| 1
| 2
| 75
|-
| Sir Brian Lochore
| 1985–1987
| 18
| 14
| 1
| 3
| 77,7
|-
| Alex Wyllie
| 1988–1991
| 29
| 25
| 1
| 3
| 86,2
|-
| Laurie Mains
| 1992–1995
| 34
| 23
| 1
| 10
| 67,6
|-
| John Hart
| 1996–1999
| 41
| 31
| 1
| 9
| 75,6
|-
| Wayne Smith
| 2000–2001
| 17
| 12
| 0
| 5
| 70,5
|-
| John Mitchell
| 2002–2003
| 28
| 23
| 1
| 4
| 82,1
|-
| Graham Henry
| 2004–2011
| 103
| 88
| 0
| 15
| 85,4
|-
| Steve Hansen
| 2012–2019
| 107
| 93
| 4
| 10
| 86,9
|-
| Ian Foster
| 2020–2023
| 46
| 32
| 2
| 12
| 69,5
|-
| Scott Robertson
| 2024–2026
| 27
| 20
| 0
| 7
| 74,1
|-
| Dave Rennie
| sedert 2026
| 3
| 3
| 0
| 0
| 100,00
|}
== Toekennings ==
Die Italiaanse sporttydskrif ''Gazzetta dello Sport'' het die All Blacks in 2005 as “wêreldspan van die jaar” aangewys. Die Internasionale Rugbyraad, sedert 2014 Wêreldrugby, het die All Blacks elf keer as “span van die jaar” benoem (in 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 en 2016).<ref name="World Rugby Awards" /> Die All Blacks het ook die Laureus Wêreldsporttoekennings as “span van die jaar” ontvang (in 2016).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/2016 |title=Laureus World Sports Awards 2016 |publisher=Laureus Wêreldsporttoekennings |date=2016 |accessdate=9 Maart 2026}}</ref>
== Sien ook ==
{{Portaal|Rugby|Ru ball.svg}}
* [[Nieu-Seelandse nasionale krieketspan]]
* [[Black Ferns]], Nieu-Seeland se nasionale vrouerugbyspan
* [[Nieu-Seelandse nasionale sokkerspan]]
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|4}}
== Bronnelys ==
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=Winston McCarthy |title=Haka! The All Blacks Story |publisher=Pelham Books |location=London |year=1968 |isbn=978-0-7207-0206-4}}
* {{de}} {{cite book |author=James Kerr |title=Das Geheimnis der All Blacks |publisher=Copress Verlag |location=Grünwald |year=2021 |isbn=978-3-7679-1230-4}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=Terry McLean |title=New Zealand Rugby Legends |publisher=MOA Publications |location=Auckland |year=1987 |isbn=0-908570-15-5}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=Greg Ryan |title=Forerunners of the All Blacks |publisher=Canterbury University Press |location=Christchurch |year=1993 |isbn=0-908812-30-2}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=Grant Harding, David Williams |title=The Toughest of Them All: New Zealand and South Africa, the Struggle for Rugby Supremacy |publisher=Penguin Books |location=Auckland/New York |year=2000 |isbn=0-14-029577-1}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=Ron Palenski |title=Century in Black: 100 Years of All Black Test Rugby |publisher=Hodder Moa Beckett Publishers |location=Auckland |year=2003 |isbn=1-86958-937-8}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=Phil Gifford |title=The Passion: The Stories Behind 125 years of Canterbury Rugby |publisher=Wilson Scott Publishing |location=Christchurch |year=2004 |isbn=0-9582535-1-X}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=Bob Howitt |title=SANZAR Saga: Ten Years of Super 12 and Tri-Nations Rugby |publisher=HarperCollins Publishers |location=New York |year=2005 |isbn=1-86950-566-2}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=Max Howell |title=Born to Lead: Wallaby Test Captains |publisher=Celebrity Books |location=North Harbour |year=2005 |isbn=1-877252-18-2}}
* {{fr}} {{cite book |author=Ian Borthwick |title=France/All Blacks: 100 ans de rencontres |publisher=Au vent des îles |location=Papeete |year=2006 |isbn=2-915654-07-7}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=Malcolm Mulholland |title=Beneath the Maori Moon: An Illustrated History of Maori Rugby |publisher=Huia Publishers |location=Wellington |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-86969-305-3}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=Sean Fagan |title=The First Lions of Rugby |publisher=Slattery Media Group |location=Richmond |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-9875002-7-4}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{CommonsKategorie|New Zealand national rugby union team|All Blacks}}
* {{en}} [http://www.allblacks.com/ Amptelike webwerf van die All Blacks]
* {{en}} [https://www.nzrugby.co.nz/ Amptelike webwerf van Nieu-Seeland Rugby]
* {{en}} [https://www.world.rugby/organisation/membership/oceania/new-zealand Nieu-Seeland by Wêreldrugby]
* {{en}} [https://www.planetrugby.com/team/new-zealand/ Nieu-Seeland op Planet Rugby]
{{Nasionale rugbyspanne}}
{{Die Rugbykampioenskap}}
{{Normdata}}
{{Voorbladster}}
[[Kategorie:Nieu-Seelandse rugbyspanne]]
[[Kategorie:Nasionale rugbyspanne van Oseanië]]
ss3asy9gevksxnfllymqkgsc04pzliw
Aardverwarming
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{| class="wikitable" align="right"
| colspan="2" | [[Lêer:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|240px|duimnael|'n Kleurbeeld van die [[Aarde]] soos gesien vanaf [[Apollo-program|Apollo 17]].]]
|-
|colspan="2" | Samestelling van die Aarde se atmosfeer
|-
| [[Stikstof]]
| 78,084%
|-
| [[Suurstof]]
| 20,946%
|-
| [[Argon]]
| 0,934%
|-
| [[Koolstofdioksied]]
| 0,038%
|-
| [[Water]]damp
| >1%
|-
| Ander
| 0,002%
|}
'''Aardverwarming''', ook genoem '''globale verwarming''', '''klimaatverwarming''', '''klimaatontwrigting''' of '''klimaatkrisis''', verwys na die toename in globale [[temperatuur]] sedert die pre-industriële tydperk. Die gemiddelde [[lugtemperatuur]] van die [[Aarde se atmosfeer]] op grondvlak was van 2011 tot 2020 sowat 1,09 °C (0,95–1,20 °C) hoër as in die tydperk van 1850 tot 1900.<ref name="ipcc rap">https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM_final.pdf,Summary{{Dooie skakel|date=Februarie 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} for policymakers. The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,Masson-Delmotte, V. et al, 2021, www.ipcc.ch, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.</ref> Hierdie verwarming gaan gepaard met globale klimaatsveranderinge, soos veranderinge in reënvalpatrone en verwoestyning.
Dit is onbetwis onder klimaatwetenskaplikes dat die gemiddelde temperatuur op [[Aarde]] sedert die middel van die 20ste eeu toegeneem het. Daar is ook konsensus oor die oorsaak: hierdie tendens word hoofsaaklik veroorsaak deur 'n toename in die konsentrasie van [[kweekhuisgasse]] in die [[atmosfeer]]. Op sy beurt is dit die gevolg van menslike aktiwiteite soos [[fossielbrandstof]]gebruik, [[ontbossing]] en sekere nywerheids- en [[landbou]]aktiwiteite. Sedert die begin van die 21ste eeu het die meerderheid van die publiek en politici ook die standpunt ingeneem dat 'n klimaatprobleem bestaan en dat dit grootliks die gevolg is van menslike optrede.
'n Versameling van ondersoeke aangaande aardverwarming word in die verslag van die [[Interregeringspaneel oor klimaatverandering]] (IPCC) saamgevat. Die paneel is deur die [[Verenigde Nasies]] ingestel om die huidige wetenskaplike, tegniese en sosiaal-ekonomiese kennis aangaande aardverwarming te dokumenteer en 'n oorsig daaroor voor te lê.
Verskillende klimaatmodelle voorspel op 'die kort termyn 'n temperatuurstyging van minder as 'n graad. Aan die einde van die 21e eeu kan dit tot verskeie grade verhoog word.
Alle groot [[klimaatverandering]]e het 'n ontwrigtende werking en het gelei tot die uitsterwe van vele [[lewe]]nsvorme, die migrasie van bevolkings en groot veranderinge in die landoppervlak en die seesirkulasie. Die snelheid van die huidige klimaatverandering is hoër as die meeste vorige veranderinge, waardeur aanpassing vir die [[natuur]] en aanpassing vir die [[mensdom|menslike gemeenskap]] moeiliker is. Boonop maak die toenemende kompleksiteit van die menslike samelewing wat 'n groter [[risiko]] is.<ref>The Royal Society (2014): '6. ''Climate is always changing. Why is climate change of concern now''?</ref> Die huidige klimaatsverandering hou ook 'n groter kans vir toekomstige skade in.
Indien temperatuurstyging van meer as 2 °C sou plaasvind hou dit groot veranderinge vir die mens en [[Ekologie|omgewing]] in, onder ander deur [[seevlak]]styging, toename van van [[droogte]]- en hitteperiodes, ekstreme [[neerslag]] en afname van [[biodiversiteit]].<ref name="wg2SFP">{{Outeur|IPCC WG2}} [https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar5_wgII_spm_en.pdf Summary for Policymakers] in [http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/ Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability]</ref> 'n Temperatuurstyging van 2 °C het baie verswarende gevolge as 'n temperatuur styging van 1,5 °C.<ref>https://www.duurzaamnieuws.nl/ipcc-klimaat-mag-in-geen-geval-meer-dan-15-graden-opwarmen/,IPCC: klimaat mag in geen geval meer dan 1,5 graden opwarmen, 9 Oktober 2018, duurzaamnieuws.nl</ref><ref>http://www.volkskrant.nl/buitenland/cruciale-aanname-blijkt-onjuist-aarde-mag-niet-2-maar-1-graad-warmer-worden~a4195944, Cruciale aanname blijkt onjuist: aarde mag niet 2 maar 1 graad warmer worden, besoek op 29 November 2015, 27 November 2015, ''[[de Volkskrant]]''</ref><ref name=":0">[http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/sb/eng/inf01.pdf Report on the structured expert dialogue on the 2013–2015. UNFCCC]</ref>
[[Lêer:Temperature Anomaly 1880-now NL.svg|duimnael|Gemiddelde temperatuur 1880-nou. Die gemiddelde van die tydperk 1951–1980 word as verwysing geneem.]]
Daar is verskillende maatreëls moontlik om die skade van klimaatverandering te minimaliseer. Aan die een kant is dit moontlik om oorsake aan te pak (mitigasie): minder kweekhuisgasse te genereer deur die energieverbruik te verminder en natuurgebiede beter te beskerm. Aan die ander kant sal gemeenskappe moet aanpas (aanpassing) deur beter aangepaste gewasse te verbou. Volgens die ooreenkoms van Parys van Desember 2015 moet die verwarming van die Aarde beperk word tot ruim onder 2 °C, maar by voorkeur tot hoogstens 1,5 °C. Voorts word in die verdrag gestel dat geld deur die ontwikkelde lande beskikbaar gestel moet word om die armer lande te help met nodige aanpassings om aarverwarming te bestry.
== Opgemerkte temperatuurveranderinge ==
[[Lêer:WhereIsTheHeatOfGlobalWarming.svg|260px|duimnael|Die see se hittekapasiteit is veel hoër as enige ander energiebergplek in die aarde se hittebalans oor die twee periodes van 1961 tot 2003 en 1993 tot 2003, wat meer as 90% van die moontlike toename van die aarde se hittekapasiteit uitmaak.<ref>{{citation
| at=[http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch5s5-2-2-3.html Sec 5.2.2.3 Implications for Earth’s Heat Balance]
| chapter=Ch. 5: Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level
| chapter-url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch5.html
| author=Bindoff, N.L., ''et al.''
| title=argiefkopie
| access-date=28 Desember 2012
| archivedate=20 Junie 2017
| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620210108/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch5.html
}}, in {{harvnb|IPCC AR4 WG1|2007}}, referred to by:
{{citation
| title=Climate Graphics by Skeptical Science: Global Warming Components:
| at=Components of global warming for the period 1993 to 2003 calculated from IPCC AR4 5.2.2.3
| url=http://www.skepticalscience.com/graphics.php?g=12
| publisher=Skeptical Science
}}</ref>]]
[[Lêer:Common Era Temperature.svg|duimnael|alt=refer to caption and adjacent text|Twee millennia se gemiddelde oppervlaktemperature volgens verskillende rekonstruksies uit klimaatskattings, met die instrumentele temperatuurrekord in rooi.]]
Daar is 'n groot aantal onafhanklike waarnemings uit verskillende wetenskaplike velde, soos [[meteorologie]], [[gletser|glasiologie]], [[Oseaan|oseanografie]] en [[biologie]], wat toon dat die Aarde verwarm.
Meteorologie toon dat temperature oor land en oor die oseane, gekorrigeer vir effekte soos die hitte-eiland-effek, stelselmatig styg.<ref>Kennedy, J.J., ''et al.'',2010, ''How do we know the world has warmed''? in Global Climate, State of the Climate in 2009, https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/200913, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol 91, uitgawe 7, bl. 26</ref> Die gemiddelde oppervlaktemperatuur het in 2020 met 1,09 °C (0,95–1,20 °C) toegeneem vergeleke met die tydperk 1850–1900. Opwarming is sterker oor land (sowat 1,59 °C) as oor die oseane (ongeveer 0,88 °C).<ref name="ipcc ar6">https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM_final.pdf,Summary{{Dooie skakel|date=Februarie 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} for policymakers. The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Masson-Delmotte, V. et al, 2021, www.ipcc.ch, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.</ref>
Ontleding van baie gletsers toon dieselfde historiese verwarmingskromme van die Aarde as direkte temperatuurmetings<ref>Oerlemans, J.
,2005 , http://www.sciencemag.org/content/308/5722/675.abstract, ''Extracting a climate signal from 169 glacier records. Science'', vol 308, bl. 675–677</ref> Opwarming is in alle lae van die see waargeneem.<ref>''Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change'', Paola Arias, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_TS.pdf, 2021, hoofstuk, Technical</ref>
Sommige uiterste weersomstandighede is meer algemeen. Daar is byvoorbeeld gemiddeld meer buitengewoon warm dae en minder buitengewoon koue dae, en die aantal hittegolwe het toegeneem.<ref name="ipcc rap" /> Daar is ook meer hittegolwe in die [[see]].<ref>Frölicher, Thomas, Charlotte Laufkötter, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-03163-6, Emerging risks from marine heat waves, 9 , Nature Communications, 2018.</ref> Metings in die Arktiese gebied toon dat temperature bo die globale gemiddelde is. Die gevolg is 'n afname in dryfys in die [[Arktiese Oseaan]]. Dit is baie waarskynlik dat menslike aktiwiteite die hoofoorsaak hiervan is.<ref name="ipcc ar6" /> Swaar reënval het toegeneem in frekwensie en intensiteit regoor die wêreld.<ref>Executive summary. Climate Science Special Report: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume, Wuebbles, D.J, D.W. Fahey, K.A. Hibbard, B. DeAngelo, S. Doherty, K. Hayhoe, R. Horton, J.P. Kossin, P.C. Taylor, A.M. Waple, and C.P. Weaver, 2017, https://science2017.globalchange.gov/chapter/executive-summary/|uitgever=U.S{{Dooie skakel|date=Februarie 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, VSA, doi=10.7930/J0DJ5CTG</ref>
Ander aanduidings is die (gedeeltelike) smelting en terugtrekking van die meeste gletsers,<ref>Cuffey, K.M. & Paterson, W.S.B., ''The physics of glaciers'', 4de uitgawe, Elsevier Amsterdam, 2010, bl. 578-580</ref> die smelt van landys by die [[Suidpool]],<ref>A. J. Cook en D. G. Vaughan, ''Overview of areal changes of the ice shelves on the Antarctic Peninsula over the past 50 year''s, http://www.the-cryosphere-discuss.net/3/579/2009/tcd-3-579-2009.html , ''The Cryosphere Discussions'', volume 3, uigawe 2, bl. 579-630</ref> die see-ys rondom die [[Noordpool]] en van die [[Groenland]] se ys en die styging in die [[seevlak]].<ref>Kennedy, J.J., et al. (2010). ''How do we know the world has warmed?'' in: 2. ''Global Climate'', in: State of the Climate in 2009. ''Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society'' 91.</ref><ref name="SFPM">{{Outeur|IPCC WG1}} [http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf Summary for Policymakers, Observed Changes in the Climate System.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226155600/http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf |date=26 Februarie 2014 }}, in IPCC AR5 [http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis 2013].</ref> Oseaanversuring word ook waargeneem: die [[pH]] van water het met 0,1 afgeneem as gevolg van 'n toename in [[Koolstofdioksied|CO<sub>2</sub>]] sedert die begin van die [[Industriële Revolusie|industriële rewolusie]], wat ooreenstem met 'n 26% toename in waterstofioonkonsentrasie<ref>IPCC WG1 Summary for Policymakers, Observed Changes in the Climate System, in IPCC AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis 2013</ref> Die lente begin gemiddeld vroeër en die groeiseisoen van beide [[flora]] en [[fauna]] is langer. Die boomlyn in bergreekse het verskuif na hoër hoogtes, habitatte van flora en fauna het verskuif na hoër hoogtes en gebiede op 'n hoër breedtegraad, nader aan die pole.<ref>https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-impacts/climate-impacts-ecosystems_.html , Climate Impacts on Ecosystems, besoek op 29 Desember 2018, US EPA, 19 Januarie 2017</ref><ref>Burrows, Michael T., David S. Schoeman, Lauren B. Buckley, Pippa Moore, Elvira S. Poloczanska, Keith M. Brander, Chris Brown, John F. Bruno, Carlos M. Duarte, Benjamin S. Halpern, Johnna Holding, Carrie V. Kappel, Wolfgang Kiessling, Mary I. O, Connor, John M. Pandolfi, Camille Parmesan, Franklin B. Schwing, William J. Sydeman, Anthony J. Richardson, http://science.sciencemag.org/content/334/6056/652.full {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713031218/https://science.sciencemag.org/content/334/6056/652.full |date=13 Julie 2021 }} ,The Pace of Shifting Climate in Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems, jaargang 334, ''Science'', 2011</ref>
Boonop word 'n energiewanbalans in die buitenste laag van die atmosfeer gemeet: meer (stralings)energie kom binne as wat in die ruimte uitgestraal word. Hierdie energie-oorskot word grotendeels in hitte omgeskakel.<ref>N.G. Loeb, J. M. Lyman, G.C. Johnson, R.P. Allan, D.R. Doelling, T. Wong, B.J. Soden
& G.L. Stephens, 2012, Observed changes in top-of-the-atmosphere radiation and upper-ocean heating consistent within uncertainty, ''Nature Geoscience'', volume 5, bl. 110–113, http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v5/n2/abs/ngeo1375.html</ref>
Natuurlike skommelinge in temperature kan agtergrondverwarming versterk of masker<ref>Sévellec, Florian, Sybren Drijfhout, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-05442-8?_sp=2947607d-05a0-4733-b46a-0428c9d6e954.1534849267217, A novel probabilistic forecast system predicting anomalously warm 2018–2022 reinforcing the long-term global warming trend, Jaargang 9, ''Nature Communications'', 2018</ref> Die moontlike vertraagde opwarming tussen 2000 en 2012 is 'n voorbeeld hiervan. Hierdie vertraging was egter nie net te wyte aan interne skommelinge nie, maar ook aan verminderde eksterne forsering. Hierdie tydperk is gekenmerk deur minder sonstraling en verhoogde [[Vulkaan|vulkaniese aktiwiteit]]. Deeltjies wat deur vulkaniese uitbarstings vrygestel word, blokkeer [[sonlig]].<ref>Medhaug, Iselin, Martin B. Stolpe, Erich M. Fischer & Reto Knutti, https://www.nature.com/articles/nature22315|titel=Reconciling controversies about the ‘global warming hiatus’, jaargang 545, ''Nature'', 2017</ref>
=== Vergelyking met natuurlike klimaatsverandering ===
Die temperatuur op aarde is stelselmatig gemeet sedert die middel van die [[19de eeu]].<ref>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2005JD006548/abstract|title=Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: A new data set from 1850, Journal of geophysical research, volume 111, issue D12, P. Brohan, J.J. Kennedy, I. Harris, S.F.B. Tett & P.D. Jones, 2006.</ref> Die data wat hieruit verkry is, het getoon dat die temperatuur op Aarde sedert 1880 aansienlik gestyg het.<ref>http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20120119/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229213321/http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20120119/ |date=29 Februarie 2016 }} ''NASA Finds 2011 Ninth Warmest Year on Record'', [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]], Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 19 Januarie 2012.</ref> Voor 1850 is direkte temperatuurmetings nie sistematies geneem nie; Daarom, as gevolg van die gebrek aan tegniese hulpmiddels en die beperkte geografiese verspreiding, word hierdie metings as onakkuraat beskou. Historiese temperature word dus gekarteer deur 'n inventaris te maak van sekondêre effekte soos die groeiringe van bome, die ontwikkeling van [[koraal]] en die oorblyfsels van [[gas]]se in ys in [[Antarktika]]. Hierdie afgeleide metings, genoem afgeleide gevolmagtigdes (''proxies''), is minder akkuraat as moderne temperatuurmetings, maar toon dat globale temperature ongekend hoog was gedurende die laat 20ste eeu en vroeë 21ste eeu in vergelyking met ten minste die afgelope 2000 jaar (sien gepaardgaande grafiek)<ref>Consortium, https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-019-0400-0|doi=10.1038/s41561-019-0400-0|title=Consistent multidecadal variability in global temperature reconstructions and simulations over the Common Era, ''Nature Geosciences'', 2019, volume 12.</ref> Ook uitgesproke veranderinge gedurende hierdie tydperk, soos smeltende ysplate en die terugtrekking van gletsers regoor die wêreld, vind teen 'n ongekende tempo plaas in vergelyking met ten minste die afgelope 2 000 jaar.<ref>Committee on Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years, National Research Council. (2006) [http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11676&page=R1 "Summary." ''Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years''.] Washington, DC: The National Academies Press</ref>
Siklusse van die [[glasiale tyd]]perk kan op 'n skaal van tienduisende jare waargeneem word. Glasiale tye is relatief kort koue periodes binne 'n [[ystydperk]], wat gemiddeld een keer elke 10 000 tot 30 000 jaar voorkom. Tydens 'n Glasiale tyd is dit gemiddeld sowat 5 tot 8 grade kouer as in 'n interglasiale en die CO<sub>2</sub>-konsentrasie is aansienlik laer (sien meegaande grafiek). Die laaste glasiale tyd het ongeveer 10 000 jaar gelede geëindig. As mens nog verder terugkyk in die verlede, kan gesien word dat die gemiddelde temperatuur op Aarde beide aansienlik laer en aansienlik hoër as vandag was.
== Oorsake ==
Die IPCC het in sy vierde 2007-verslag tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat aardverwarming “onmiskenbaar” aan die gang is. Dit is as "hoogs waarskynlik" beskou dat die oorheersende oorsaak menslike optrede was.<ref name="ipccsyrSFP">{{Outeur|IPCC SYR}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20180228235005/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/spms2.html Section 2. Causes of change] in [https://web.archive.org/web/20130309142919/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/spm.html Summary for Policymakers], in IPCC AR4 SYR 2007.</ref> In daaropvolgende verslae het die IPCC al hoe meer vasbeslote geword oor mense as die veroorsakende middel. In die sesde verslag skryf die paneel: <ref name="ipcc ar6" />
"''It is unequivocal that human influence has warmed the atmosphere, ocean and land. Widespread and rapid changes in the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere and biosphere have occurred''."
(Dit is onteenseglik dat menslike invloed die atmosfeer, see en land verhit het. Daar was wydverspreide en vinnige veranderinge in die atmosfeer, oseaan, kriosfeer en biosfeer.) — Werkgroep I van het 6de IPCC-verslag (2021)
Kweekhuisgasse het verwarming veroorsaak, hoofsaaklikCO<sub>2</sub> en [[metaan]]. Roet en deeltjies (aërosols) het eintlik 'n verkoelende effek gehad. Die effek van veranderinge in sonstraling en klimaatskommelings is klein, en kan beide effens positief en effens negatief gewees het.<ref>https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM_final.pdf, Summary for policymakers. The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Masson-Delmotte, V. et al, 2021, www.ipcc.ch, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.</ref>
=== Invloed van die mens ===
==== Versterkte kweekhuiseffek ====
[[Lêer:Rodney·and·Otamatea·Times•1912•Coal·consumption·affecting·climate.jpg|duimnael|Nieu-Seelandse koerantartikel (gepubliseer 14 Augustus 1912) wat die beginsels van aardverwarming beskryf]]
Aardverwarming is die gevolg van 'n versterkte kweekhuiseffek wat veroorsaak word deur kweekhuisgasse, waarvan die uitset skerp toegeneem het sedert die industriële rewolusie.<ref>IPCC WG1 Summary for Policymakers, Observed Changes in the Climate System., in ''IPCC AR5 Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis 2013''</ref> Voorbeelde van kweekhuisgasse is [[waterdamp]], [[koolstofdioksied]] (CO<sub>2</sub>), [[metaan]] (CH<sub>4</sub>), [[Distikstofmonoksied]] (N<sub>2</sub>O) en chloorfluorkoolstofverbinding (cfk's). Hierdie kweekhuisgasse absorbeer die [[termiese straling]] van die Aarde en stuur dit deels terug na die Aarde se oppervlak, in plaas daarvan om dit na die stratosfeer deur te gee, sodat die Aarde meer energie behou. Dit stem ooreen met metings dat meer energie die Aarde bereik as om dit te verlaat. Hierdie wanbalans word ook na verwys as positiewe stralingsforsering en dra by tot aardverwarming. As gevolg van hierdie versterkte kweekhuiseffek word die laer atmosfeer en die aarde se oppervlak warmer en die stratosfeer kouer <ref>https://www.knmi.nl/kennis-en-datacentrum/uitleg/broeikaseffect ,KNMI Broeikaseffect, besoek 2 Desember 2018</ref><ref>https://www.clo.nl/indicatoren/nl0173-aantasting-van-de-ozonlaag-de-oorzaken-en-effecten, Aantasting van de ozonlaag: oorzaken en effecten|uitgever, Compendium van de Leefomgeving, besoek 2 Desember 2018</ref> Die konsentrasies van kweekhuisgasse in die atmosfeer is die hoogste in ten minste 800 000 jaar.<ref>D. Lüthi, M. Le Floch, B. Bereiter, T. Blunier, J. Barnola, U. Siegenthaler, D. Raynaud, (…) T.F. Stocker, url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7193/pdf/nature06949.pdf ,High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000–800,000 years before present, Nature, 2008, volume 453, bl 379-382.</ref>
Die toename in kweekhuisgasse is grootliks die gevolg van menslike optrede: verbranding van fossielbrandstowwe (insluitend die onbedoelde steenkoolbrande), produksie van [[sement]]. [[Landbou]], [[vee]] en grondgebruikverandering (hoofsaaklik [[ontbossing]]) dra ook by tot die toename in kweekhuisgaskonsentrasies.
Van die belangrikste kweekhuisgasse wat deur mense vrygestel word, het CO<sub>2</sub> steeds die grootste langtermyn-impak. Die meerderheid word binne 'n paar honderd jaar deur die oseane en [[biosfeer]] geabsorbeer, maar ongeveer 'n kwart kan slegs uit die atmosfeer verdwyn deur 'n aantal geologiese prosesse, soos die verwering van rotse op Aarde en die begrawe van sedimente. Dit is prosesse wat in 'n tydskaal van tienduisende jare plaasvind.<ref>http://geosci.uchicago.edu/~archer/reprints/archer.2005.fate_co2.pdf, D. Archer, Fate of fossil fuel CO, in geologic time, Journal of Geophysical Research, volume 110. uitgaweC9, C09S05.1–6, 2005</ref><ref>http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter06_FINAL.pdf, Chapter 6, Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles in [http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis]</ref>
Die moontlikheid van 'n kweekhuiseffek is die eerste keer in die vroeë 19de eeu voorgestel en vanaf 1950 is ontdek dat hierdie effek probleme kan veroorsaak.<ref>Weart S.R.,''The discovery of global warming''., 2008, http://www.aip.org/history/climate/co2.htm|ISBN=0-674-03189-X{{Dooie skakel|date=Februarie 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, American Institute of Physics</ref> In 1979 is 'n skatting gemaak oor wat met die temperatuur van die aarde se oppervlak sou gebeur as die CO<sub>2</sub>-konsentrasie verdubbel. ’n Toename van 3.0 ± 1.5 °C is gevind, wat redelik goed ooreenstem met huidige skattings. Hierdie getal word die klimaatsensitiwiteit genoem.<ref>[http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12181 Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment (1979)]. ''The National Academies Press'' {{ISBN|9780309119115}}</ref>
==== Roet en deeltjies ====
Nog 'n antropogeniese faktor wat die klimaat beïnvloed, is die vrystelling van [[aërosol]]s. Dit is [[Kolloïde|kolloïdale]] deeltjies van [[vaste stof]] of [[vloeistof]] in die [[lug]]. Net hierdie deeltjies het 'n verkoelende effek as gevolg van verhoogde refleksie in die atmosfeer. Deeltjies en roet is voorbeelde van aërosols wat deur mense vrygestel word. Aërosols het 'n direkte en indirekte effek op die [[klimaat]]. As gevolg van hul reflektiewe eienskappe verhoog hulle die atmosfeer se vermoë om straling te weerkaats, bekend as [[albedo]]. Dit lei tot verkoeling. Daarbenewens is sommige aërosols kondensasiekerne, soos sulfate, en veroorsaak verhoogde [[wolk]]vorming wat ook langer kan aanhou. Die onsekerheid oor beide effekte is aansienlik soos ook gesien kan word in die stralingsforseringsgrafiek. As gevolg van die kort lewensduur van aërosols in die atmosfeer is aërosols nie homogeen in die atmosfeer versprei nie: daar is groot plaaslike verskille.
Roet veroorsaak eintlik 'n afname in albedo en dus verwarming, veral as dit op sneeu beland.
Die meeste deeltjies wat onder hierdie kategorie val, het na 'n paar weke tot 'n paar jaar uit die atmosfeer verdwyn. Hoe hoër die deeltjies in die atmosfeer is, hoe langer neem dit vir hulle om te presipiteer.<ref>{Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry, http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/people/faculty/djj/book , Princeton University Press, 1999, [http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/people/faculty/djj/book/bookchap8.html CHAPTER 8. AEROSOLS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628032935/http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/people/faculty/djj/book/bookchap8.html |date=28 Junie 2021 }}, D.J. Jacob</ref>
=== Invloed van die natuur ===
Natuurlike skommelinge, byvoorbeeld in sonaktiwiteit, kan nie die verwarming van die Aarde sedert 1900 verklaar nie.<ref>Lockwood, M. & Frohlich, C. 2007, http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/463/2086/2447.full, Recent oppositely directed trends in solar climate forcings and the global mean surface air temperature, Proceedings of the Royal Society, volume 463, bl. 2447–2460</ref> As groter stralingsintensiteit van die [[Son]] die hoofaandrywer van die huidige temperatuurstyging was, sou verwarming van die onderste atmosfeer (die [[troposfeer]]) sowel as die boonste atmosfeer (die [[stratosfeer]]) verwag word; 'n toename word egter net in die troposfeer waargeneem.<ref>Hegerl et al., https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg1-chapter9-1.pdf, Hoofstuk 9: Understanding and Attributing Climate Change, http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-9-2.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120014906/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/faq-9-2.html |date=20 November 2018 }} Frequently Asked Question 9.2: Can the Warming of the 20th century be Explained by Natural Variability?, in IPCC AR4 WG1 2007.</ref> Hierdie patroon van verwarming is wat verwag word met 'n verwarming wat deur kweekhuisgasse veroorsaak word. Die aantal [[sonvlek]]ke is sedert 1950 redelik konstant, en hoër as in die vorige twee eeue. Hierdie sonkolle is 'n goeie aanduiding van die stralingsintensiteit van die Son.<ref>de Jager, C. Versteegh, G.J.M. en van Dorland, R. (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20101126081046/http://www.klimaatportaal.nl/pro1/general/show_document_general.asp?documentid=163&GUID=%7BAEDE0A94%2D78D0%2D48FC%2DB999%2DDD55DA2A6D13%7D ''Zongedreven klimaatveranderingen: een wetenschappelijke verkenning''] (WAB)'', KNMI & NIOZ.''</ref> Ook direkte metings, wat sedert 1978 gedoen is, dui daarop dat die stralingsintensiteit van die Son nie toegeneem het nie, en dat verhoogde stralingsintensiteit dus nie die versnelde verwarming sedertdien kan verklaar nie.<ref>{{Outeur|Krivova, N., and Solanki, S.}}, [https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2003JD004479 Solar Total and Spectral Irradiance: Modelling and a possible impact on Climate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214235153/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2003JD004479 |date=14 Februarie 2022 }} Proc. ISCS 2003, ESA SP-535</ref><ref>2008, Understanding and responding to climate change: Highlights of National Academies Reports, 2008 edition, produced by the US National Research Council (US NRC), National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.,US NRC, http://americasclimatechoices.org/climate_change_2008_final.pdf, https://web.archive.org/web/20100820214818/http://americasclimatechoices.org/climate_change_2008_final.pdf, geargiveer, 20 Augustus 2010</ref>
== Terugkoppeling ==
[[Lêer:Simple Feedback Diagram 03.png|duimnael|'n Eenvoudige diagram van 'n terugkoppeling. P affekteer Q, en Q affekteer P. 'n Verandering in P kan dus indirek versterk word (positiewe terugkoppeling) of verswak (negatiewe terugkoppeling).]]
Die klimaatstelsel het 'n aantal terugkoppelings. Positiewe terugkoppeling, of terugvoer, versterk die aanvanklike verhitting. 'n Negatiewe terugkoppeling, of negatiewe terugvoer, veroorsaak dat die aanvanklike verhitting afneem. Die konsentrasie kweekhuisgasse gekombineer met die netto effek van die terugkoppeling bepaal die klimaatsensitiwiteit: die temperatuurverandering op Aarde as gevolg van 'n verdubbeling in die konsentrasies van kweekhuisgasse.
Die sterkste terugkoppeling is die [[waterdamp]]terugkoppeling: dit is 'n positiewe terugkoppeling. Vir elke graadverhoging in temperatuur kan lug ongeveer 7% meer waterdamp hou. Die versterkte kweekhuiseffek deur waterdamp is sterker as die direkte invloed van CO<sub>2</sub>.<ref>"IPCCWGI8"IPCC WG1, [http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter08_FINAL.pdf Chapter 8: Anthropogenic and Natural Radiative Forcing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206230016/http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter08_FINAL.pdf |date= 6 Februarie 2017 }} in IPCC AR5 [http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ Climate Change 2013: The physcial Science Basis].</ref> Nog 'n positiewe terugkoppeling is die smelt van [[sneeu]] en [[ys]] by hoër temperature. Gevolglik neem die Aarde se [[albedo]] af, met die gevolg dat minder sonstraling weerkaats word.
Veranderinge in die aarde se wolkbedekking sal waarskynlik verwarming versnel.<ref>"AR5WG1" IPCC WG1 [http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_TS_FINAL.pdf Technical Summary] in [http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis]</ref> Wolke het 'n dubbele effek op die energiebalans van die Aarde. Aan die een kant veroorsaak hulle dat die Aarde se albedo toeneem en meer lig terugkaats na die ruimte. Aan die ander kant maak hulle dit moeiliker vir hitte om te ontsnap. Hoe sterk beide effekte is, hang af van die tipe wolk en die hoogte van die wolke. Die grootte van die effek is baie onseker (sien meegaande grafiek).<ref>https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-guide/science/science-behind-climate-change/feedbacks, Climate feedbacks, 01 Januarie 2018, Booth, B., 10 Oktober 2016, Met Office, argiefdatum 13 November 2017, https://web.archive.org/web/20171113062125/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-guide/science/science-behind-climate-change/feedbacks ,</ref>
’n Belangrike verkoelingseffek spruit voort uit [[Stefan-Boltzmann-vergelyking|Stefan-Boltzmann se wet]]: met toenemende temperatuur gee die Aarde meer straling uit. Op die oomblik absorbeer die oseane en [[biomassa]] op land groot hoeveelhede CO<sub>2</sub>. Daar is 'n paar bewyse dat die reservoirs minder [[koolstof]] sal absorbeer by hoër temperature en namate hulle verder versadig word, wat daartoe lei dat 'n groter persentasie van die nuwe emissies in die atmosfeer oorbly. Dit is verdere positiewe terugvoer.<ref>https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-guide/science/science-behind-climate-change/feedbacks, Climate feedbacks, 1 Januarie 2018, Booth, B., 10 Oktober 2016, Met Office, argiefdatum 13 November 2017, https://web.archive.org/web/20171113062125/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate-guide/science/science-behind-climate-change/feedbacks</ref>
== Klimaatmodelle ==
[[Lêer:Greenhouse-gas-emission-scenarios-01.png|duimnael|260px|Potensiële toekomsscenario's van globale kweekhuisgasvrystellings. As alle lande hul huidige beloftes binne die Parys-klimaatooreenkoms bereik, sal die gemiddelde opwarming teen 2100 ver oortref die doelwit van die Parys-ooreenkoms om die opwarming “onder 2°C” te hou.]]
Die Interregeringspaneel oor Klimaatsverandering (IPCC) het verskeie modelberekeninge geëvalueer. Klimaatmodelle wat benewens natuurlike prosesse, soos die veranderlike bestraling van sonlig, ook die uitwerking van die verhoogde konsentrasies van kweekhuisgasse en aërosole in die atmosfeer op die klimaat insluit, dui op 'n temperatuurverhoging oor periodes van tien tot honderde jare. Op grond van hierdie modelle verwag die IPCC 'n temperatuurverhoging van ongeveer 0,2 °C per dekade oor die volgende twee dekades, in al die ondersoekte vrystelligsscenario's. Selfs as die konsentrasies van kweekhuisgasse en aërosols dieselfde gebly het op 2000-vlakke, sou die temperatuur met sowat 0,1°C per dekade toeneem. 'n Aantal aannames word in hierdie korttermynverwagtinge gemaak: variasies in sonkrag, vulkaniese uitbarstings en interne veranderlikheid verskaf korttermyn bykomende verkoeling of verwarming.
Na 2030 verskil die temperatuurprojeksies verder na gelang van die hoeveelheid kweekhuisgasvrystellings. In ’n scenario waar baie verreikende versagting plaasvind, sal die temperatuurverhoging in vergelyking met pre-industriële waardes in 2100 gemiddeld 1,4 °C (1,0–1,8 °C) wees. In 'n scenario met ambisieuse versagting, word verwarming op 1,8 °C (1,3–2,4 °C) geraam.<ref>"IPCC2021"</ref> As die huidige beleid nie verder opgeskerp word nie, sal verwarming ongeveer drie grade uit wees. Sonder klimaatbeleid kon verwarming teen 2100 5°C bo industriële vlakke bereik het.<ref>https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-other-greenhouse-gas-emissions#future-emissions ,CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions, besoek op 2021-02-01, Hannah Ritchie, Augustus 2020.</ref>
Modelberekeninge het getoon dat die patroon van verwarming anders is wanneer verwarming deur kweekhuisgasse veroorsaak word as wanneer dit deur vulkane of sonstraling veroorsaak word. Een so 'n unieke patroon is die afkoeling van die [[stratosfeer]] deur kweekhuisgasse. Nog 'n patroon is die verskil tussen somer en winter, wat toeneem wanneer klimaatsverandering deur 'n toename in kweekhuisgasse veroorsaak word. Navorsing na hierdie patrone is 'n sterk bewys van menslike invloed op die klimaat.<ref>Santer, D., Stephen Po-Chedley, Mark D. Zelinka, Ivana Cvijanovic, Céline Bonfils, Paul J. Durack1, Qiang Fu, Jeffrey Kiehl, Carl Mears, Jeffrey Painter, Giuliana Pallotta, Susan Solomon, Frank J. Wentz, Cheng-Zhi Zou, http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6399/eaas8806?casa_token=QO3Mk5lTWBQAAAAA:jDHvUgIGyy_IicyjGsdIndnsDGUbZb9GZpekcmChe9YQOlX2j7PGxFED37X2YYyx2SHDN7AlJW8TUg|titel=Human{{Dooie skakel|date=Maart 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} influence on the seasonal cycle of tropospheric temperature, jaargang 20, ''Science'', 2018</ref>
Die grootste onsekerheid in klimaatmodellering is wolkbedekkingsdinamika, wat grootliks verantwoordelik is vir die groot verspreiding in uitkomste tussen modelle. Ander areas vir verbetering is die simulasie van die watersiklus en die langtermyn [[koolstofsiklus]].<ref>"IPCCmodel" [http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/report/WG1AR5_Chapter09_FINAL.pdf Chapter 9: Evaluation of Climate Models]. In: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/ Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis.]</ref><ref>{{Citeer web|url=http://www.knmi.nl/cms/content/89749/verstoorde_wolken_in_een_opwarmend_klimaat|title=Verstoorde wolken in een opwarmend klimaat|author={{Outeur|Pier, S.}}|publisher=KNMI|date=22 Oktober 2010}}</ref>
Enkele belangrike faktore wat die klimaat op 'n tydskaal van millennia bepaal, is die afstand van die Aarde na die son en die hoek van die Aarde se rotasie-as met die vlak waarin die Aarde om die Son wentel. Dit is meganismes wat alleen net klein temperatuurskommelings kan veroorsaak, maar deur positiewe terugkoppeling 'n groot effek op die klimaat kan hê. In die 1970's was sommige wetenskaplikes oortuig dat nog 'n [[ystydperk]] nader kom, maar die meerderheid het reeds netto verwarming voorspel.<ref>Peterson, T.C., Connolley, W.M. & Fleck, J. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, bl 1325–1337, 2008, The Myth of the 1970s Global Cooling Scientific Consensus, http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2008BAMS2370.1 ,volume 89. bl. 1325–1337</ref>
== Vroeë geskiedenis ==
In 1972 het die wetenskaplikes George Kukla en Robert Matthews 'n brief aan die Amerikaanse president [[Richard Nixon]] geskryf oor hulle kommer rakende drastiese veranderinge in die klimaat en hulle vrees dat oorlog, pes en hongersnood onderweg was. Die brief het die president egter nie teen aardverwarming gewaarsku nie, maar teen [[aardverkoeling]].<ref>[http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/outreach/proceedings/cdw29_proceedings/Reeves.pdf ''Origins of a "diagnostics climate center"''], deur Robert W. Reeves en Daphne Gemmill, by die [http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/ ''Climate Prediction Center''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505230026/http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/ |date= 5 Mei 2009 }}-werf van die V.S. se ''National Weather Service''.</ref>
[[Lêer:Acid rain woods1.JPG|duimnael|250px|In die 1970's het die verwoesting van die natuur deur menslike aktiwiteite groot aandag getrek. Een van die kwaaddoeners was suurreën – die effek daarvan op 'n woud in [[Tsjeggië]] kan hier gesien word.]]
Die wetenskaplikes was nie die enigste twee doemprofete nie: die begin van die sewentigerjare het ’n tydperk ingelui waarin die ondergang van die aarde wyd en syd voorspel is. [[Suurreën]] het baie mere en woude aangetas en daar was vrese dat [[oorbevolking]] tot massa-[[hongersnood]] kon lei. Tydens 'n opname van die wetenskaplike BBC-program Horizon in 1971, het dr. [[Paul R. Ehrlich]] gesê die kanse dat die mensdom die 20ste eeu sal oorleef, is 'n skrale een of twee persent.<ref>[[BBC]] “Horizon”. Oorspronklike aanhaling: “If you had to ask me know what the chances are of civilization reaching the turn of the century, I’d say one or two percent if we’re lucky.” (in 'n onderhoud oor sy verslag: “Eco-catastrophe!”).</ref> In 1974 het die Engelse klimatoloog Hubert Lamb ook teen aardverkoeling gewaarsku: dat "ons onsself moet voorberei vir 'n lang periode van hoofsaaklike kouer seisoene" en dat "tensy ons anders leer, dit verstandig sou wees om te veronderstel dat die volgende ystydperk enige oomblik kan intree".<ref>Oorspronklike Engels: "we should be preparing ourselves for a long period of mainly colder seasons" en "unless we learn otherwise, it will be prudent to suppose that the next ice age could begin to bite at any time". Soos in "The Weather Machine" 1974. TV 1974, Regisseur en geproduseer deur Alec Nisbett, geskryf deur Nigel Calder.</ref>
Alhoewel die wetenskaplikes en omgewingsaktiviste van die tyd die bal misgeslaan het, is die wetenskap van die tydperk vandag steeds van waarde. Destydse wetenskaplike ondersoek het daarop gedui dat die planeet besig is om af te koel. In die sestigerjare het weerverslae oor die wêreld heen gewys dat die aarde besig was om yskoue winters te deurstaan en 'n teorie het ontstaan wat die waargeneemde aardverkoeling probeer verduidelik het. Die wêreld se ekonomie het in die vyftig- en sestigerjare 'n bloeityd beleef: steenkool is op 'n ongekende skaal verbrand in kragstasies en fossielbrandstowwe is vir 'n tyd geblameer vir die veronderstelde verkoeling. Volgens die aanvaarde destydse teorie sou die rook van die kragstasies en skoorstene 'n laag van roetpartikels in die atmosfeer skep, wat sou keer dat die son se strale die aarde bereik; iets wat tot 'n koeler planeet sou lei. Een van die wetenskaplikes wat ten gunste van hierdie teorie was, is [[Stephen Schneider]], wat in 1971 'n beroemde verslag geskryf het waarin hy beweer dat die wêreldwye temperatuur met tot drie grade kan daal. Hy het beweer dat dit genoeg sou wees om moontlik 'n nuwe [[glasiale tyd]] te veroorsaak.<ref>[https://archive.is/20130628091712/www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-31282991_ITM ''Weather forecast: doom: in the 1970s, both the media and climatologists sounded the alarm about catastrophic climate change. But they imagined a very different scenario from today's forecasts.''], deur Gary Benoit in die ''New American'', 5 Maart 2007.</ref>
Die waargeneemde verkoeling van die aarde en die gepaardgaande teorie het vir 'n wyle sin gemaak, maar die tweede helfte van die 1970's het 'n einde aan byna dertig jaar van afkoeling gebring.<ref>[http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/April02/AprilHeatWave.bpf.html ''Three hot, hot spring days: 47 daily high temperature records smashed in areas throughout the Northeast last week''], deur Blaine P. Friedlander Jr. in die [http://www.news.cornell.edu/ ''Chronicle Online''], die digitale nuusblad van Cornell-universiteit. Bevat 'n lys van die rekordtemperature in die noordooste van die VSA in 1976.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060331213937/http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/1976_drought.shtml ''The 1976 Drought''], deur Ian Currie. BBC-artikel oor die droogte wat saam met die 1976-hittegolf gepaard gegaan het.</ref><ref>Volgens die artikel [http://www.bom.gov.au/announcements/media_releases/climate/change/20060104.shtml ''Australia's hottest year on record''] was slegs vier jare sedert 1979 nie warmer as die gemiddeld gewees nie.</ref> Die warmer weer, en in sommige gevalle bloedige hitte, het die begin van 'n waarneembare verwarming van die aarde aangedui en het beteken dat die wetenskap wat die nosie van aardverkoeling verduidelik het, foutief moet wees. Met die nuwe data moes wetenskaplikes hulle teorieë aanpas, in die hoop om uit te vind hoekom dit geblyk het dat die aarde skielik aan’t verwarm was.
[[Lêer:Hawaii Islands2.png|duimnael|250px|Hawaii is so afgeleë dat dit vir Keeling die ideale plek was om lugmonsters te neem.]]
'n Aantal wetenskaplikes het tydens die periode van "aardverkoeling" 'n paar jaar aan 'n alternatiewe teorie gewerk wat probeer verduidelik het wat besig is om met die klimaat te gebeur. Een van hulle was [[David Keeling]], die eerste persoon wat gewaarsku het oor die effekte van die kweekhuiseffek en aardverwarming. In 1956 het Keeling aangesluit by die Scripps Institution of Oceanography in San Diego en laat 1950's begin het om die koolstofdioksied in die atmosfeer te meet, hoofsaaklik by die Mauna Loa-observatorium in Hawaii. Dit was die ideale plek om lugmonsters te neem, aangesien die observatorium in die middel van die Stille Oseaan geleë is, ver verwyder van industriële, lugbesoedelende sentrums, op 'n vulkaan waarvan die piek meer as 3 km hoog is: die lug wat Keeling getoets het, word onder die skoonste in die wêreld gereken.<ref>[http://www.hanahou.com/pages/Magazine.asp?Action=DrawArticle&ArticleID=616&MagazineID=39 ''Behind the Inconvenient Truth''], deur Rose Kahele.</ref> In dié tyd is Keeling se ondersoek nie belangrik geag nie, maar dit het mettertyd een van die belangrikste navorsingswerke in die geskiedenis geword.
Keeling het die koolstofdioksied gemeet deur 'n glassfeer te neem wat met 'n vakuum gevul is en dit aan die lug blootgestel. Die lug het die vakuum gevul en die sfeer is met 'n klep afgesluit. Dit was egter heelwat moeiliker om daarna te bereken presies hoeveel koolstofdioksied in die fles was: soortgelyke pogings is reeds deur ander wetenskaplikes aangewend, maar hulle resultate het só verskil dat dit nie vertrou kon word nie. Keeling het egter in 1958 daarin geslaag om 'n apparaat te bou wat die koolstofdioksied suksesvol uit die lugmonster kon onttrek en die konsentrasie daarvan meet. Moderne apparate wat vir dieselfde doeleindes gebruik word, word steeds na aanleiding van Keeling se apparaat gestandaardiseer.
[[Lêer:Mauna Loa CO2 monthly mean concentration.svg|duimnael|250px|Hierdie grafiek wys metings van koolstofdioksied in die atmosfeer by die Mauna Loa-observatorium in Hawaii oor 60 jaar. Die sigsagpatroon dui op die seisoenale veranderings in die aantal CO<sub>2</sub> wat in die atmosfeer vrygestel word.]]
Keeling was nie tevrede daarmee dat hy nou in staat was om die koolstofdioksiedvlakke in die atmosfeer te meet nie: hy het ook gewonder of die toenemende uitpomping van koolstofdioksied deur motors, kragstasies, fabrieke en vliegtuie die vlak van die koolstofdioksied mettertyd sou affekteer. Hy het dus jare aangehou met sy eksperimente met en opnames van koolstofdioksiedvlakke. Keeling se volgehoue vasberadenheid (en sy seun wat sy werk na sy dood voortgesit het) het gelei tot 'n grafiek wat dui op die drastiese styging van koolstofdioksiedvlakke in die atmosfeer. In 1958 was daar 315 deeltjies per miljoen, in teenstelling met 386 deeltjies per miljoen in 2008. Hierdie grafiek, wat die volgehou styging van koolstofdioksiedvlakke aandui, is die een onbetwiste bewysstuk in die hele aardverwarmingdebat.
Die betekenis van Keeling se ontdekking is eenvoudig: CO<sub>2</sub> is in staat om hitte vas te vang, ook in die aarde se atmosfeer. Dit keer dat hitte na die buitenste ruim ontsnap en verhit die atmosfeer. Hoe meer koolstofdioksied in die lug is, hoe meer hitte word vasgevang: hierdie verskynsel staan as die [[kweekhuiseffek]] bekend. Keeling se grafiek het die toenemende warm somers van die 1970's verduidelik, maar nie die koue winters van die vyftiger en sestigerjare nie. Dit het later geblyk dat die verkoelende effek van roet, afkomstig van rookspuwende industriële skoorstene, die verwarmende effek van koolstofdioksied in die atmosfeer uitgekanselleer het. Dit het egter nie lank geduur nie, aangesien die stygende vlakke koolstofdioksied gou die oorheersende faktor geword het.
Nou het wetenskaplikes begin fokus op die teenoorgestelde van 'n nuwe ystyd: aardverwarming.
== Ontwikkeling van die wetenskap ==
Die skielike veranderinge het nie ongesien gebeur nie – in die hoogste vlakke van die Amerikaanse regering het amptenare gewonder of aardverwarming 'n nuwe bedreiging is en hulle na JASON gewend. JASON is 'n onafhanklike groep wetenskaplikes wat die VSA-regering raad gee oor sake rakende wetenskap en tegnologie; die oorgrote meerderheid van hul werk het met verdediging te maak. In 1978 het die regering hulle genader om die groeiende bewyse vir aardverwarming te ondersoek. Die groep het 'n rekenaarmodel van die wêreld se klimaatstelsel gebou: ''die JASON-model van die wêreld'' en hulle verslag, ''The Long Term Impact of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Climate'' ("Die langtermyn-impak van atmosferiese koolstofdioksied op klimaat") is in April 1979 vrygestel. Die verslag het 'n aantal voorspellings gemaak wat, van agterna beskou, redelik in die kol was. Voorbeelde hiervan is:
* Volgens verwagting sal die konsentrasie CO<sub>2</sub> in die atmosfeer teen 2035 sal verdubbel. (Huidige modelle voorspel dat die konsentrasie CO<sub>2</sub> teen 2050 sal verdubbel.)
* 'n Temperatuurstyging van 2 tot 3 grade teen die einde van die 21ste eeu. (Ongeveer gelyk aan huidige voorspellings.)
* Poolstreke sal meer verhit as wat algemeen is – miskien selfs 10 of 12 grade meer. (Ook in hierdie geval is hulle nie heeltemal teenstrydig met die huidige teorieë nie.)
Die verslag is met sy verskyning as uiters omstrede beskou en die regering het 'n groep klimaatwetenskaplikes genader om 'n tweede opinie. Dié wetenskaplikes se gevolgtrekkings was egter baie eenders.
Enige potensiële pogings om op hierdie verslae te reageer is in die wiele gery in 1980, na die verkiesing van [[Ronald Reagan]] tot president van die Verenigde State. In dié tyd is Amerika erg gekritiseer oor suurreën en Reagan wou nie dat die VSA ook nog die skuld vir aardverwarming moes dra nie. (Dié land is steeds die grootste verspreider van CO<sub>2</sub>-vrystellings per capita.)
Reagan het die wetenskaplike William Nierenberg opdrag vir 'n derde verslag gegee: Nierenberg het bekendheid verwerf vir sy werk aan die [[Manhattan-projek]], waar hy gehelp het om die atoombom te ontwikkel. Later het hy die beroemde Scripps Institution of Oceanography bestuur, waar hy die afdeling vir klimaatnavorsing geskep het. Nierenberg was ook 'n lid van JASON. Sy verslag het in sommige opsigte van die twee voorafgaande verslae verskil. Die verslag gee toe dat 'n bietjie verwarming waarskynlik is, maar dat enige verwarming stadigaan sal plaasvind en dat die samelewing meer as genoeg tyd sal hê om daarby aan te pas. Die verslag het beteken dat daar geen rede tot kommer was nie en ook geen rede om uitlatings van CO<sub>2</sub> te beperk nie. Die kwessie van aardverwarming is met hierdie verslag uitgestel as 'n toekomstige probleem.
[[Lêer:Fossil Falls.JPG|duimnael|250px|Ongeveer 20 000 jaar gelede het Amerikaanse [[Indiane]] langs hierdie verdwene rivier gewoon. Natuurlike klimaatsverandering het veroorsaak dat die rivier opdroog en die plaaslike gemeenskap het na 'n nuwe gebied getrek.]]
In die vroeë tagtigs was dit maklik om met Nierenberg se sienings te simpatiseer. Aardverwarming was steeds net 'n voorspelling en die wetenskap daaragter steeds in sy kinderskoene. Bewyse uit die geskiedenis het ook daarop gedui dat klimaatsverandering nie noodsaaklik kommerwekkend hoef te wees nie. Klimaatsverandering is per slot van rekening iets wat natuurlik plaasvind en die mensdom het nog altyd daarmee moes saamlewe.
Klimaatsverandering vind voortdurend plaas, maar hoe die mensdom daarby aanpas, verander. In die verlede (en steeds in sommige lande) het nomadiese stamme die reëns gevolg. Tans word damme soos die Hoover-dam gebou om die Colorado-rivier te tem: die resulterende Mead-meer help die westelike VSA om die siklus van droogte en oorstromings in die woestynagtige streek te bekamp – 'n goeie voorbeeld van hoe die mensdom klimaatsverandering trotseer. Die Meade-meer was in 2008 egter reeds in die agste jaar van 'n ernstige droogte; in Oktober 2008 was die meer se inhoudsmaat 47% van sy kapasiteit.
Nierenberg het later 'n leidende dinkskrum gestig wat die nosie van "aardverwarming" teengestaan het en het gehelp om die beweging van aardverwarmingskeptisisme te stig. Die eerste groep aardverwarmingskeptici het geredeneer dat enige moontlike verwarming waarskynlik stadig sal plaasvind en dus maklik sal wees om by aan te pas, dat die aarde se klimaatstelsel eenvoudig te groot is om vatbaar vir menslike aktiwiteit te wees en dat daar te min bewyse is dat dit mense is wat klimaatsverwarming veroorsaak. Hierdie drie stellings vorm steeds deel van die kern van die skeptici se redenasies, maar word sedert die 1980's deur ander wetenskaplikes aangeval.
=== Spoed waarteen aardverwarming plaasvind ===
Een van die redenasies van die skeptici is dat enige moontlike aardverwarming uiters stadig sal plaasvind, sodat die mensdom meer as genoeg tyd sal hê om daarby aan te pas.
Meer as 80% van Groenland se oppervlak word deur 'n ysplaat bedek – dit is die tweede-grootste ysliggaam op aarde (Antarktika is die grootste). Die ysplaat is oor die algemeen meer as 2 km dik (tot 3 km by sy diepste punt). Alhoewel die eiland uiters afgeleë is, kom wetenskaplikes van oor die wêreld in Groenland byeen om die [[uitwerking van klimaatsverandering]] op die ys te bestudeer. Vyftig jaar gelede was die Amerikaanse leër egter die enigste groep wat daar wetenskaplike ondersoek gedoen het. In die laat-vyftigerjare het die Amerikaanse leër 'n militêre basis binne-in die ysplaat gebou. Die basis, genaamd ''Camp Century'' (dit was 100 myl van die kus geleë), het ook as "die stad onder die ys" bekend gestaan en meer as 200 mense gehuisves. Die "stad" het ’n biblioteek, hospitaal, gimnasium en kernkragstasie gehad. ''Camp Century'' is oorspronklik gebou om ondersoek in te stel na die vegtoestande in 'n koue klimaat, maar word vandag onthou vir die wetenskaplike onthullings wat die idee dat klimaatsverandering slegs stadig kan plaasvind, in twyfel sou trek.
[[Lêer:GISP2D1837 crop rotated.jpg|duimnael|upright|''Figuur 1.1'']]
Wetenskaplikes by ''Camp Century'' het antieke ysmonsters gebruik om die klimaat van die verlede te rekonstrueer. Die Groenlandysplaat is saamgestel uit jaarlikse sneeuneerslae; vallende sneeu maak 'n rekord van die atmosfeer se toestand, wat dan in die yslae behoue bly. Voorbeelde hiervan is as wat vrygestel is tydens 'n uitbarsting van [[Krakatoa]], stof uit Mongolië afkomstig van antieke stofstorms en selfs titseltjies lood afkomstig van Romeinse smelterye. Dié deeltjies word deur die wind gewaai, deur sneeu na die aarde gebring en dan in die ys begrawe. Sneeu kan ook 'n indirekte waarneming aandui van die temperatuur wat geheers het toe die sneeuvlokke geval het.
[[Lêer:Vostok-ice-core-petit.png|duimnael|links|250px|Variasies in CO<sub>2</sub>, temperatuur en stof oor die laaste 450 000 jaar, uit ’n analise van ’n Antarktiese yskern.]]
Wetenskaplikes het in die ysplaat geboor en silinders antieke ys uit die ysplaat gehaal – die monsters staan as "yskerns" bekend. Die yskerns het hulle in staat gestel om 'n rekord van die geskiedenis se temperature aan te teken. In die middel-1980’s het hulle hierdeur ontdek dat klimaatsverandering nie altyd stadig plaasvind nie. Die beeld hiernaas wys hoe die klimaat in die verlede drastiese veranderings in relatief kort periodes ondergaan het. Wetenskaplikes het met behulp van hierdie yskerns besef presies hoe vinnig, dikwels en drasties die aarde se klimaat kan verander. In die tagtigerjare was daar egter steeds baie wetenskaplikes wat nie geglo het die teorie van drasties vinnige klimaatsverandering is voldoende bewys nie.
''Sien figuur 1.1 hiernaas vir 'n deursnit van 'n ongeveer 16 250 jaar oue yskern wat van Groenland afkomstig is. Die vertikale lyne dui op die seisoenale wisseling in die sneeuval.''
=== Invloed op die wêreld se klimaatstelsel ===
Die tweede teorie van die aardverwarmingskeptici was (en is steeds in sommige gevalle) dat die aarde se klimaatstelsel eenvoudig te groot is om vatbaar vir menslike aktiwiteit te wees.
[[Lêer:NASA and NOAA Announce Ozone Hole is a Double Record Breaker.png|duimnael|links|Die osoongat bo Antarktika in 2006]]
Chloorfluoorkoolstof, of CFK, is 'n gas wat in die 1980's toenemend in spuitkannetjies (haarsproei, lugverfrissers, spuitverf, ens.) en yskaste gebruik is. Oorspronklik het die gebruik van CFK sin gemaak: dit was goedkoop en klaarblyklik veilig. Die CFK wat in die atmosfeer vrygestel is, het egter [[osoon]] vernietig, 'n belangrike gas wat die aarde teen die son se dodelike strale beskerm. Wetenskaplikes wat in 1984 in Antarktika gewerk het, het ontdek dat daar 'n groot gat in die aarde se [[osoonlaag]] ontstaan het.
Sommige van die gebruike van CFK's is reeds vroeër in sommige verbiede verban, maar dit is eers ná die ontdekking van die osoongat dat 'n groep wêrelddiplomate in 1984 in [[Montreal]] byeengekom het om die Montreal-protokol te smee, wat die drastiese afname in die produksie van CFK's vereis.
Die gat in die osoonlaag het bewys dat die mensdom wel daartoe in staat is om die aarde se atmosfeer in 'n kort tyd katastrofiese skade te berokken. Bewerings dat die klimaatstelsel te groot is om deur die mens beïnvloed te word, is tot niet gemaak.
=== Klimaatsverandering is nie sorgwekkend nie ===
Sommige skeptici wat wél toegegee het dat aardverwarming plaasvind, het in die tagtigerjare volgehou dat dit geen gevaar vir die mensdom inhou nie.
Die rekordtemperature wat in die sewentigerjare aangeteken is, is egter in die 1980's gebreek.
In 1988 het die [[NASA]]-wetenskaplike James Hansen tydens 'n Amerikaanse Kongresondersoek 'n toespraak gelewer waarin hy drie hoofgevolgtrekkings gemaak het:
* Die aarde is in 1988 warmer as in die geskiedenis van temperatuurmeting met behulp van instrumente.
* Aardverwarming is só groot dat wetenskaplikes met 'n groot mate van sekerheid 'n oorsaak-en-gevolg-verhouding aan die kweekhuiseffek kan toeskryf.
* Rekenaarsimulasies van die aarde se klimaat het getoon dat die kweekhuiseffek reeds groot genoeg is om uiterse gebeurtenisse soos hittegolwe te beïnvloed.
Hansen het sy bevindings met die volgende woorde opgesom.
{{cquote|Hierdie bewyse verteenwoordig saam 'n baie sterk saak dat die kweekhuiseffek waargeneem is en nóú [1988] ons klimaat affekteer … Ons moet almal werklikheid onder oë sien: as ons volhou om ontsaglike hoeveelhede kweekhuisgasse vry te stel, gaan 'n globale temperatuurstyging ons in die gesig staar wat groter sal wees as enigiets wat in die menslike geskiedenis ervaar is.}}<ref name="ReferenceA">BBC</ref>
Danksy Hansen se toespraak het aardverwarming 'n oornagsensasie geword. 'n Paar maande ná sy aankondiging het die Verenigde Nasies gehelp om 'n internasionale komitee te stig wat ondersoek na aardverwarming sal doen: die [[Interregeringspaneel oor klimaatverandering]]. Talle wetenskaplikes en ander politici het ook nou by die stryd teen aardverwarming aangesluit. Een van hulle was [[Margaret Thatcher]], wat tydens haar toesprake teen die gevare van aardverwarming gewaarsku het:<ref name="ReferenceA" />
{{cquote|Die gevare van aardverwarming is tans nog onsigbaar, maar werklik genoeg vir ons om veranderinge en opofferings te maak sodat ons nie ten koste van toekomstige geslagte lewe nie.}}
Teen die begin van die 90's het dit geblyk asof die wetenskaplike en politieke geveg verby is: die meeste wetenskaplikes en politici het saamgestem dat die mensdom besig is om die klimaat te verander en dat iets daaraan gedoen moet word.
Toe kom die teenreaksie: tydens die 1990's sou aardverwarming een van die grootste wetenskaplike omstredenhede word. Wetenskaplikes wat dit eens was met Hanson nie en nie geglo het dat tot aksie oorgegaan moes word om aardverwarming te keer nie, het hulle hieroor uitgespreek. Baie van hulle het ook ondersteuning van ander politici en groot besighede gekry en die idee van aardverwarming (en die mens se rol daarin) sou in die komende jare deur talle as 'n poets en bedrieëry beskryf word.
== Aardverwarmingskeptici se teenaanval ==
Ten spyte van die bewyse vir aardverwarming en die mens se rol daarin, het 'n groep wetenskaplikes die laaste 20 jaar die idee van 'n klimaatkrisis teengestaan. Hierdie aardverwarmingskeptici het van aardverwarming een van die mees omstrede kwessies in moderne wetenskap gemaak. Die feit dat aardverwarming deur die mens of deur stikstof veroorsaak word, of dat dit hoegenaamd gebeur, word deur verskeie groepe ontken. Alles wat vroeër as feit aanvaar word, is opnuut bevraagteken.
In die vroeë negentigerjare het dit gelyk asof die argumente teen aardverwarming bygelê is. Wetenskaplikes het gewys dat die aarde besig is om te verwarm as gevolg van stikstof en ander kweekhuisgasse, wat deur menslike aktiwiteite vrygestel is. Indien die mensdom nie daarin sou slaag om hierdie verwarming stop te sit nie, sou 'n klimaatkrisis die planeet in die gesig staar.
In 1992 het 108 staatshoofde in [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brasilië]], vergader en onder meer die Klimaatsverdrag onderteken. Die verdrag word tans deur 192 lande bekragtig.<ref>[http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/status_of_ratification/items/2631.php Status of Ratification] by unfccc.int. Verkry op 19 April 2009.</ref> Sedert 1992 het 'n aantal politici, sakelui en later ook wetenskaplikes begin om die klimaatskrisis te ontken. Die Internasionale Konferensie oor Klimaatsverandering 2008 in New York het talle wetenskaplikes, ekonome, beleidskeppers en besigheidsleiers gelok wat kwessies wou bespreek wat volgens hulle deur die Verenigde Nasies se [[Interregeringspaneel oor klimaatverandering]] oor die hoof gesien het.<ref>[http://www.heartland.org/events/NewYork08/index.html The Heartland Institute: The 2008 International Conference on Climate Change] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613023600/http://heartland.org/events/NewYork08/index.html |date=13 Junie 2013 }}.</ref> Die konferensie is gekritiseer vir die feit dat dit aangebied is deur die Heartland-instituut, wat beide klimaatsverandering en die negatiewe effekte van passiewe rook ontken én donasies van die oliekorporasie [[ExxonMobil]] en die internasionale tababmaatskappy [[Philip Morris]] ontvang.<ref name="The Indepentent">[http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change/tobacco-and-oil-pay-for-climate-conference-790474.html ''Tobacco and oil pay for climate conference''] deur Steve Connor vir [http://www.independent.co.uk/ The Indepentent].</ref> Die Competitive Enterprise Institute, wat medeborg van die konferensie was, het fondse van die oliemaatskappy [[Texaco]] ontvang.<ref name="The Indepentent" />
Sommige van die bewerings wat deur van die aardverwarmingskeptici gemaak word, sluit in:
* aardverwarming is nie 'n krisis nie;
* aardverwarming is nie besig om plaas te vind nie;
* koolstofdioksied dra geensins tot aardverwarming by nie;
* koolstofdioksied is nie 'n besoedelende stof nie;
=== Vind aardverwarming ooit plaas? ===
Een van die aardverwarmingskeptici se eerste teenargumente is dat die aarde nié besig is om warmer te word nie.
[[Lêer:Stevenson screen exterior.JPG|duimnael|'n Weerstasie]]
[[Lêer:Stevenson screen interior.JPG|duimnael|Die binnekant van 'n weerstasie]]
Dwarsoor die wêreld kan termometer- of weerstasies gevind word wat die daaglikse minimum- en maksimumtemperatuur meet en sodoende 'n daaglikse gemiddeld verskaf. Hierdie metings word deur vrywilligers gemaak en vind op die meeste plekke reeds sedert die 19de eeu plaas, wat wetenskaplikes die moontlikheid bied om 'n vergelyking tussen destydse en huidige gemiddelde temperature te maak. Volgens hierdie metode het die wêreldwye temperatuur in 1910 begin styg. Hierdie periode van verwarming het tot die 1940's geduur en toe weer in die sewentigerjare begin. Baie lande het sedert die 1980's en '90's dikwels rekordbrekende somers gehad. Die wêreldwye temperatuur het in die laaste eeu met byna 1 °C gestyg. 'n Graad klink moontlik nie so opspraakwekkend nie, maar vir klimatoloë is dit 'n groot verskil.
Vir aardverwarmingskritici was dit te dik vir 'n daalder. Selfs met data van duisende weerstasies regoor die wêreld, was daar vir groot dele van die wêreld geen temperatuurdata beskikbaar is nie, veral in onbewoonde gebiede. Vir sulke gebiede (en ander) word daar sedert 1979 weersatelliete soos NASA se TIROS-N-reeks gebruik om die wêreldwye temperatuur te meet. Hulle resultate was onverwags: in plaas van bewyse dat die aarde besig was om te verwarm, het die satellietmetings aangedui dat die aarde besig was om ietwat af te koel.<ref>[http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12617111.400-satellites-search-in-vain-for-global-warming-.html ''Satellites search in vain for global warming''] in die ''New Scientist'' van 7 April 1990. Verkry op 27 April 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/30/us/satellites-find-no-sign-of-global-warming-in-80-s.html ''Satellites Find No Sign of Global Warming in 80's''] in die ''New York Times'' van 30 Maart 1990. Vekry op 27 April 2009.</ref>
Die wetenskaplikes Roy Spencer en John Christy het die temperatuurmetings van satelliete vir die eerste keer in 1990 saamgevoeg om 'n beeld van die wêreldwye temperatuurveranderinge van die laaste 10 jaar te gee. Hierdie metings het gou een van die sleutelbewyse teen die idee van aardverwarming geword.
Die metings van die weersatelliete het daartoe gelei dat aardverwarmingskeptici en ook ander wetenskaplikes begin het om die waarde van die metings van die weerstasies in twyfel te trek. Volgens die skeptici was daar ook 'n ander ernstige fout met die weerstasies waarmee rekening gehou moet word: verstedeliking. Baie weerstasies is opgerig in onbewoonde of ligbevolkte gebied wat sedertdien tot digbevolkte of stedelike gebiede gegroei het, iets wat 'n outomatiese toename in temperatuur meebring. Dit is naamlik altyd warmer in stede as in die omliggende, onbewoonde gebiede, 'n verskynsel wat as die stedelikehitte-eiland-effek bekend staan.
Volgens die skeptici het hierdie effek die vals indruk gewek van 'n planeet wat besig is om warmer te word. Las Vegas se weerstasie, byvoorbeeld, is in 1942 in die middel van die woestyn gebou, langs 'n plaaslike vliegveld. Las Vegas is VSA se vinnigste groeiende stad en die bevolking het in 30 jaar verdrievoudig. Die plaaslike vliegveld het intussen ook tot die Las Vegas-lughawe ontwikkel en die stad het so uitgebrei dat die lugawe – en die weerstasie – nou binne-in die stad is. Die weerstasie meet tans dus temperature wat verskil van die natuurlike temperature buite die stad en ook op 'n drastiese toename dui in vergelyking met destydse temperature, soveel as 4 °C oor die laaste vyftig jaar. 'n Ander weerstasie wat in dieselfde omgewing geleë is en hom steeds in die woestyn bevind, dui op 'n toename van minder as 1 °C.
[[Lêer:Retreat of the Helheim Glacier, Greenland.jpg|duimnael|links|250px|Die Helheim-gletser in Groenland het tussen 2001 en 2005 ongeveer 5 km teruggetrek.]]
Die skeptici het dus die weerstasies se toenemende hoë metings aan verstedeliking toegeskryf en volgehou dat die planeet op sigself nie besig is om warmer te word nie. Ander wetenskaplikes het egter daarop gedui dat nie slegs weerstasies in of naby stede 'n toename in temperatuur gewys het nie: daar was ook ander tekens wat op wêreldwye verwarming gedui het, soos vervroegde lentes op die platteland en [[gletser]]s wat verder teruggetrek het as in eeue. Ook die oseane was besig om te verhit. Hierdie gebeurtenisse het die data van die weerstasies ondersteun en was teenstrydig met dié van die satelliete afkomstig. Dit sou ongeveer 10 jaar neem voor een van die twee as foutief bewys kon word en die satelliete was die verloorder.
In 2001 het Carl A. Mears en Frank J. Wentz, wetenskaplikes by ''Remote Sensing Systems'', 'n maatskappy wat satellietdata-analise vir NASA doen, begin om Spencer en Christy se data van nader te bekyk. Sedert hulle oorspronklike ondersoek het ook ander wetenskaplike spanne begin om die oorspronklike berekenings te evalueer en daar is 'n aantal foute gevind.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/12/science/earth/12climate.long.html?ex=1281499200&en=2588a631b8c5cc5d&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss Errors Cited in Assessing Climate Data] deur Andrew C. Revkin. 12 Augustus 2005. Verkry op 30 April 2009.</ref>
Alhoewel die satelliete ongeveer 800 km bo die aarde gewentel het, het wrywing met die aarde se atmosfeer hulle beweging beïnvloed. Die satelliete het stadiger begin beweeg en elke jaar byna een kilometer nader aan die aarde gesak. Een van die veranderlikes wat in die berekening van die aarde se temperatuur gebruik is, was die hoogte van die satelliet bo die aarde: 'n verkeerde hoogte het verkeerde antwoorde meegebring. Die vertraging van die satelliet se beweging het ook sy metings beïnvloed, waar hy aan die begin 'n gegewe gebied teen byvoorbeeld tweeuur smiddags gemeet het, was hy 'n paar jaar later eers teen sesuur by dieselfde gebied om die temperatuur te meet. Hierdie twee ongekende foute het berekenings laat lyk asof die aarde besig is om af te koel. Spencer en Christy het hulle foute erken en na nuwe berekenings verklaar dat ook die satelliete op 'n ietwat toenemende wêreldwye temperatuur dui.
Baie skeptici het die verskynsel van aardverwarming as feit begin aanvaar, maar het nou gevra of dit dan werklik deur die mens veroorsaak word.
=== Wat is die mens se rol in aardverwarming? ===
Word aardverwarming deur die mens veroorsaak? Baie aardverwarmingskeptici bevraagteken die mens se rol in aardverwarming (indien enige) en glo dat aardverwarming bloot deel van die planeet se natuurlike siklus is.
[[Lêer:Greenland 42.74746W 71.57394N.jpg|duimnael|Groenland in die somer ([[Ysland]] kan regs onder waargeneem word).]]
Om hierdie idee te ondersteun word daar na die Middeleeuse Warm Periode (ook genoem die Middeleeuse Klimaatoptimum) verwys: 'n tydperk tussen ongeveer 800 en 1300 n.C. Daar word verwys na die feit dat die [[Wiking]]s [[Groenland]] in hierdie periode gekoloniseer het, gewasse aangebou het en vee geteel het. Ook ander lande blyk in hierdie tyd 'n warm periode te geniet het: geskiedkundige rekords dui daarop dat die eeue rondom 1000 n.C. in Engeland warm en gunstig was. Oeste was goed en die bevolking het aansienlike groei beleef. Dit was selfs warm genoeg om druiwe in Engeland te kweek (soos ook vandag die geval is). Die Middeleeuse warm periode dui dus daarop dat die aarde in die verlede van nature klimaatskommelinge deurstaan het.
{{cquote|All the evidence shows that the variable warming was a great deal warmer than it is today. So there's nothing unusual about the current warming.}} - Dr. S. Fred Singer – ''Science and Environmental Policy Project''
As die Middeleeuse Warm Periode regtig warmer was as wat dit vandag is, sou dit die skeptici se idee van aardverwarming as deel van die planeet se natuurlike siklus ondersteun. Daar is egter geen instrumentele rekords wat uit hierdie tydperk dateer nie. Wetenskaplikes beskik slegs die laaste eeu oor wêreldwye instrumentele temperatuurrekords. Vir die voorafgaande jare, ongeveer tot in die middel van die 1800's, is daar slegs rekords vir die [[Noordelike Halfrond]] beskikbaar en voor dié tyd word die aantekeninge al hoe minder.
[[Lêer:Pinus longaeva.jpg|duimnael|links|Een van die duisend jaar oue dennebome in Kalifornië.]]
Wetenskaplikes, soos Michael Mann van die Penn-staatsuniversiteit in [[Pennsilvanië]], moes hulle dus tot ander rekords wend om die temperatuur uit hierdie tyd te meet. Sommige maniere waarop wetenskaplikes indirekte metings kan neem, is die jaarringe in boomstamme, isotopiese wisselinge in yskerns, koraalriwwe in die [[Rooisee]] en die antieke lae sneeu op die berge in [[Peru]]. Om die temperatuur van honderde of selfs duisende jare terug te kan nagaan, word egter bome van dieselfde ouderdom benodig. Twee boomsoorte wat duisende jare oud word, is spardenne in [[Swede]] en dennebome in [[Kalifornië]]. Mann en sy span het die bome in Kalifornië ondersoek; die dennebome hier kan tot 5 000 jaar oud word.
Deur die indirekte metings van hierdie bome, die koraalriwwe, sneeu ens. saam te voeg het Mann 'n temperatuurgrafiek van die laaste 1 000 jaar saamgestel. Uit die grafiek het dit geblyk dat, alhoewel die Middeleeuse Warm Periode moontlik ietwat warmer as die omliggende eeue was, die temperatuur geensins met die huidige temperature vergelyk kan word nie. Die vorm van die grafiek het daartoe gelei dat daar na die grafiek as die "hokkiestok" verwys is en hierdie hokkiestok sou een van die bekendste en mees omstrede wetenskaplike grafieke word.
Siende dat die Middeleeuse Warm Periode volgens Mann se grafiek nie aansienlike temperatuurverhogings ervaar het nie, het aardverwarmingskeptici die geldigheid van die grafiek ontken. Sommige skeptici voel dat Mann gebrekkige data vir sy berekings gebruik het, terwyl ander meen sy berekenings self is foutief.<ref>[http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1010630/posts Broken Hocky Stick!], bywww.freerepublic.com.</ref><ref>''A Graphic Used in Climate Debate Faces Attack'', The Wall Street Journal: 14 Februarie 2005</ref><ref>[http://www.canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/3021 ''The Hockey Stick scam that heightened global warming hysteria''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227030106/http://canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/3021 |date=27 Desember 2012 }}, deur Tim Ball van [http://canadafreepress.com/ Canada Free Press].</ref> Joseph L. Bast, die Heartland-instituut se president, beskryf die grafiek as "skandalig". Sommige het Mann selfs van bedrog beskuldig.
[[Lêer:1000 Year Temperature Comparison.png|duimnael|350px
|Temperatuurrekords van die laaste 1 000 jaar.<ref>Hierdie data is van die volgende bronne verkry:
# 1000–1991: P.D. Jones, K.R. Briffa, T.P. Barnett en S.F.B. Tett (1998). ''High-resolution Palaeoclimatic Records for the last Millennium: Interpretation, Integration and Comparison with General Circulation Model Control-run Temperatures''. Soos verskyn in ''The Holocene''. Volume 8. Bl. 455-471.
# 1000–1980: M.E. Mann, R.S. Bradley en M.K. Hughes (1999) ''Northern Hemisphere Temperatures During the Past Millennium: Inferences, Uncertainties, and Limitations'' soos verskyn in ''Geophysical Research Letters''. Volume 26:6. Bl. 759-762.
# 1000–1965: Crowley en Lowery (2000). ''Northern Hemisphere Temperature Reconstruction'', soos verskyn in ''Ambio''. Volume 29, bl. 51-54 en ''Causes of Climate Change Over the Past 1000 Years '' soos verskyn in ''Science''. Volume 289, bl. 270-277.
# 1402–1960: K.R. Briffa, T.J. Osborn, F.H. Schweingruber, I.C. Harris, P.D. Jones, S.G. Shiyatov, S.G. en E.A. Vaganov (2001).''Low-frequency temperature variations from a northern tree-ring density network'', soos verskyn in ''J. Geophys. Res.''. Volume=106, bl. 2929–2941.
# 831-1992: J. Esper, E.R. Cook, en F.H. Schweingruber (2002). ''Low-Frequency Signals in Long Tree-Ring Chronologies for Reconstructing Past Temperature Variability'', soos verskyn in ''Science''. Volume 295:5563, bl.2250-2253.
# 200-1980: M.E. Mann en P.D. Jones (2003). ''Global Surface Temperatures over the Past Two Millennia'', soos verskyn in ''Geophysical Research Letters''. Volume 30:15, bl. 1820. {{DOI|10.1029/2003GL017814}}.
# 200-1995: P.D. Jones en M.E. Mann (2004). ''Climate Over Past Millennia'', soos verskyn in ''Reviews of Geophysics''. Volume 42, bl. RG2002. {{DOI|10.1029/2003RG000143}}.
# 1500–1980: S. Huang (2004) ''Merging Information from Different Resources for New Insights into Climate Change in the Past and Future'', soos verksyn in ''Geophys. Res Lett.''. Volume 31, bl. L13205. {{DOI|10.1029/2004GL019781}}
# 1-1979: A. Moberg, D.M. Sonechkin, K. Holmgren, N.M. Datsenko en W. Karlén (2005). ''Highly variable Northern Hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data'', soos verskyn in ''Nature''. Volume 443, bl. 613-617. {{DOI|10.1038/nature03265}}
# 1600–1990: J.H. Oerlemans (2005). ''Extracting a Climate Signal from 169 Glacier Records'', soos verskyn in ''Science''. Volume 308. bl. 675-677. {{DOI|10.1126/science.1107046}}.
# 1856–2004: Die data is saamgestel deur die ''Climatic Research Unit'' en die ''UK Meteorological Office'' se ''Hadley Centre''. Die nuutste weergawe hiervan verskyn in P.D. Jones and A. Moberg (2003). ''Journal of Climate''. 16: 206-223</ref> Mann se "hokkiestok" is in {{Kleur|#0000FA|blou}}.
]]
Ander wetenskaplike groepe het egter ook hulle eie grafieke begin opstel met behulp van soortgelyke indirekte en direkte metings. Alhoewel hierdie grafieke verskil, verskil hulle nie aansienlik nie en al die grafieke kom ooreen dat die huidige verwarming ongeken was in die laaste 1 000 jaar. In effek het die skeptici se aanvalle gelei tot meer bewyse dat aardverwarming wel plaasvind en dat die tweede helfte van die 20ste eeu warmer as enige ander tydperk in die laaste 1 000 jaar was. Hierdie indirekte metings word deur die meer onlangse weerstasies en weersatelliete ondersteun.
[[Lêer:2017 Global warming attribution - based on NCA4 Fig 3.3 - single-panel version.svg|duimnael|Grafiek uit 2017]]
== Word aardverwarming deur die son veroorsaak? ==
{{Kombi-beeld|Sun projection with spotting-scope large.jpg|SunSpotGranulation.jpg|
|align=left
|caption1=Sonvlekke van ver...
|caption2=... en van naby.
}}
Een groep skeptici het egter volgehou dat die feit dat die wêreld in die tweede helfte van die 20ste eeu warmer as in die laaste 1 000 jaar was, nie noodwendig aan menslike aktiwiteit toegeskryf kan word nie – dat aardverwarming nie deur koolstofdioksied veroorsaak word nie, maar deur die son.
Daar bestaan geen wetenskaplike twyfel dat die son wel 'n rol in ons klimaat speel nie: dit is immers die bron van hitte en die oorsaak van die weer op aarde. Die skeptici het geredeneer die aarde se weerstelsel is só afhanklik van die son dat die kleinste wisseling in sonaktiwiteit 'n groot effek op die aarde se klimaat sou hê. In die meting van sonaktiwiteit word daar veral na [[sonvlek]]ke gekyk: donker kolle op die son se oppervlak wat in der waarheid magnetiese storms is. Hierdie storms verander voortdurend en sommige skeptici glo dat hulle die oorsaak van klimaatsverandering kan verduidelik. Wanneer die son aktief is, met ander woorde, wanneer daar 'n groot aantal sonvlekke is, gee die son golwe van gelaaide deeltjies bekend as ’n [[sonwind]] af.
Wetenskaplikes meet al eeue lank die hoeveelheid sonvlekke op die son. In die 17de eeu was daar 'n periode van ongeveer 50 jaar waartydens ons son uiters onaktief was; byna geen sonvlekke is in hierdie tyd waargeneem nie. Hierdie periode stem ooreen met 'n uiters koue periode op aarde: een van die koudste periodes van die Klein Ystyd, 'n relatief koue periode van ongeveer 1450 tot 1820.
Dit het nie lank geduur voor wetenskaplikes 'n verband tussen die weer en die aantal sonvlekke gemaak het nie. [[William Herschel]] het 'n teorie ontwikkel dat daar ’n verband is tussen die hoeveelheid sonvlekke en die prys van [[koring]]. Volgens hom was koring duur wanneer daar min sonvlekke was en goedkoop wanneer sonvlekke meer volop was. Hy het afgelei dat die son minder hitte en lig uitstraal wanneer daar min sonvlekke is, wat beteken dat minder koring gegroei het en dus duurder was.<ref>Douglas V. Hoyt, Kenneth H. Schatten (1997). ''The role of the sun in climate change''. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-509413-1}}, {{ISBN|9780195094138}}.</ref>
Ten spyte van Herschel en ander wetenskaplikes se teorieë, kon niemand wys hoe die sonvlekke die klimaat beïnvloed nie. Die hoeveelheid hitte wat deur die son afgegee word, het in der waarheid nie werklik verskil tussen tye van baie of min sonvlekke nie.
== Sien ook ==
* [[Meningsverskil oor aardverwarming]]
* [[Gevolge van aardverwarming op oseane]]
* [[Klimaatverandering]]
* [[Klimaat]]
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
* {{Commons-kategorie inlyn|Global warming|Aardverwarming}}
* {{Wikt-inlyn|aardverwarming}}
{{nl-vertaal|Opwarming van de Aarde}}
{{Voorbladster}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Klimatologie]]
[[Kategorie:Natuur]]
g0q6zrvsqretvjjqcev5uihn77033w0
Samoaanse nasionale rugbyspan
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2928743
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2026-08-21T21:45:23Z
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text/x-wiki
: ''Hierdie artikel handel oor die Samoaanse nasionale mansrugbyspan. Vir die artikel oor die nasionale vrouerugbyspan, sien [[Samoaanse nasionale vrouerugbyspan]].''
{{Inligtingskas Rugbyspan
| land = Samoa
| beeld = Samoa Rugby.jpg
| unie = [[Rugby Samoa]] (RS)
| bynaam = ''Manu Samoa''
| embleem = die [[Suiderkruis]]
| stadion = [[Apiapark]], [[Apia]]
| kapasiteit = 12 000
| kaptein = [[Theo McFarland]]
| afrigter = {{vlagikoon|Samoa}} [[Tusi Pisi]] <small>(sedert 2025)</small>
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| statistiek = Statistiek
| toetse = [[Brian Lima]] (65)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=matches;team=15;template=results;type=player |title=Most matches |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
| toptoetspuntebehaler = [[Tusi Pisi]] (245)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=points;team=15;template=results;type=player |title=Most points |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
| meestedrieë = [[Brian Lima]] (29)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=tries;team=15;template=results;type=player |title=Most tries |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
| jongstespeler =
| eerste = [[Lêer:Flag of the Samoa Trust Territory.svg|20px]] '''Wes-Samoa''' 0–6 {{FIJru-r}}<br />([[Apia]], [[Samoa]]; 18 Augustus 1924)
| grootwen = {{SAMru}} 115–7 {{PNGru-r}}<br />(Apia, Samoa; 11 Julie 2009)
| grootverloor = {{NZLru}} 101–14 {{SAMru-r}}<br />([[Nieu-Plymouth]], [[Nieu-Seeland]]; 3 September 2008)
| Wêreldbekerverskynings = 9/10
| jaar = 1991
| beste = Kwarteindrondte in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991|1991]] en [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995|1995]]
| url = www.manusamoa.com
| unieurl =
}}
Die '''Samoaanse nasionale rugbyspan''' ([[Engels]]: ''Samoa national rugby union team''; [[Samoaans]]: ''Manu Samoa'') is die nasionale [[rugby]]span wat [[Samoa]] in internasionale wedstryde (toetswedstryde) verteenwoordig. Rugby word in Samoa geadministreer deur [[Rugby Samoa]] (''Lakapi Samoa'') wat in 1924 gestig is. Samoa word deur [[Wêreldrugby]] as ’n vlak twee-span erken. Die Samoaanse rugbyspan is tans (November 2025) 17de op Wêreldrugby se wêreldranglys gelys.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/rankings |title=Women’s and Men’s Rankings |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Die span neem deel aan die jaarlikse [[Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker]], saam met [[Fidjiaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Fidji]], [[Japannese nasionale rugbyspan|Japan]] en [[Tongaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Tonga]]. Samoa was ’n lid van die Stille Oseaan-eilande Rugbyalliansie (Engels: ''Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance''; ''PIRA''), saam met Fidji en Tonga; maar hulle het in 2009 hulself onttrek.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?view=article&id=10568%3Awe-quit&option=com_content&Itemid=53 |title=We quit: SRU |publisher=Samoa Observer |accessdate=20 Februarie 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220102824/http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?view=article&id=10568%3Awe-quit&option=com_content&Itemid=53 |archive-date=20 Februarie 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Samoa het in 1924 sy eerste internasionale wedstryd teen Fidji gespeel. Samoa, Fidji en Tonga speel gereeld teen mekaar in toernooie soos die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker (tot in 2005 Stille Oseaan-drienasies), waarin Samoa tot dusver 14 titels gewen het. Samoa se bynaam is ''Manu Samoa''. Om die teenstander te intimideer en hulself te motiveer word voor elke toetswedstryd die Siva Tau-oorlogsdans deur die Samoaanse span uitgevoer. Dié oorlogsdans dateer uit die land se oorloë met naburige eilande.<ref name="history">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.teivovo.com/history/index.html |title=Rugby History in Fiji |publisher=Teivovo |accessdate=14 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114224240/http://www.teivovo.com/history/ |archive-date=14 November 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Samoa het tot dusver vir tien van die elf [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooie gekwalifiseer en slegs die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987]] in [[Australië]] en [[Nieu-Seeland]] misgeloop. In [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991|1991]] en [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995|1995]] het hulle daarin geslaag om tot die kwarteindrondte deur te dring. Sedertdien vaar Samoa nie meer so goed in die Wêreldbeker nie. Twee voormalige Samoaanse rugbyspelers is in Wêreldrugby se Heldesaal opgeneem. Samoa speel tradisioneel in blou truie met wit kleuraksente, wit broeke en blou sokkies.
== Beheerliggaam ==
{{Hoofartikel|Rugby Samoa}}
Die beheerliggaam vir rugby in Samoa is Rugby Samoa (Samoaans: ''Lakapi Samoa''). Rugby Samoa is in 1924 gestig en het in 1988, net ná die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|eerste rugbywêreldbekertoernooi]], ’n volle lid van die Internasionale Rugbyvoetbalraad (IRVR; nou [[Wêreldrugby]]) geword.<ref name="Wêreldrugby">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/organisation/membership/oceania/samoa |title=Samoa |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Daarbenewens was Rugby Samoa in 2000 ’n stigterslid van die Vereniging van Oseaniese Rugbyunies (''Federation of Oceania Rugby Unions'', FORU; nou [[Oseanië Rugby]], OR).<ref name="islands">{{en}} {{cite journal |author=Robert F. Dewey |title=Rugby Union Football, Pacific Islands |editor=John Nauright, Charles Parrish |work=Sports around the world: History, culture and practice |edition=1 |publisher=ABC-Clio |location=Santa Barbara |year=2012 |ISBN=978-1-59884-300-2 |pages=445–447}}</ref>
Naas die amptelike nasionale span roep Rugby Samoa ook ander keurspanne byeen. ''Samoa A'' is die tweede nasionale span van Samoa en hulle neem aan Wêreldrugby se Stille Oseaan-uitdaagtoernooi deel. Die ''Samoa Sevens'' is die Samoaanse [[sewesrugby]]span en hulle neem aan internasionale toernooie soos Wêreldrugby se Sewesreeks, Sewesrugbywêreldbeker, [[Olimpiese Somerspele]] en die [[Statebondspele]] deel. Net soos ander rugbylande beskik Samoa oor ’n o/20-nasionale span wat aan die [[Wêreldrugby o/20-kampioenskap]] deelneem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/tournaments/u20/championship |title=World Rugby U20 Championship |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Kinders en jongmense word reeds op skool aan rugby bekend gestel en na gelang van hul belangstelling en talent begin hulle met hul afrigting.
As deel van die Stille Oseaan-eilande Rugbyalliansie het die beheerliggaam van 2004 wedstryde gereël van die Stille Oseaan-eilanders, ’n gemeensame keurspan van die drie Stille Oseaan-[[Eilandstaat|eilandstate]] [[Fidji]], Samoa en [[Tonga]]. Aangesien die Stille Oseaan-eilanders nie die gewenste inkomste vir die beheerliggame gegenereer het nie, het die Samoaanse beheerliggaam dié samewerking in 2009 beëindig.<ref name="Samoa quits">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.planetrugby.com/story/0,25883,16024_5437460,00.html |title=Samoa quits Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance |publisher=Planet Rugby |date=17 Julie 2009 |accessdate=21 Julie 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721003642/http://www.planetrugby.com/story/0,25883,16024_5437460,00.html |archive-date=21 Julie 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Sedert 2022 word die [[Stille Oseaan]]-eilande (feitlik die Cookeilande, Fidji, Samoa en Tonga) in die internasionale [[Superrugby]]toernooi verteenwoordig deur die gesamentlike professionele span Moana Pasifika, wat aan dié toernooi deelneem saam met spanne uit Australië, Nieu-Seeland en een uit Fidji.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.sarugbymag.co.za/super-rugby-set-twelve-2022/ |title=Reports: Agreement reached for 12-team Super Rugby from 2022 |publisher=SA Rugby Magazine |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
== Algemene situasie ==
Samoa is een van die min lande waar rugby die hoofsport is. Slegs die [[Cookeilande]], [[Fidji]], [[Nieu-Seeland]], [[Tonga]] en [[Wallis]] kan soortgelyke bewerings maak.<ref name="history" /> Met ’n bevolking van amper 200 000 is die keuring van talentvolle spelers in vergelyking met ander lande baie klein, maar Samoa behoort konstant aan die 15 beste spanne wêreldwyd en hulle is redelik mededingend. Dié land ly egter onder ’n groot uitvloei aan talent, aangesien baie spelers in die professionele ligas in [[Australië]], [[Nieu-Seeland]], [[Europa]] of [[Japan]] speel en deur die onderskeie land ingeburger word. Volgens [[Wêreldrugby]] se reëls is ’n tydperk van vyf jaar ononderbroke blyplek genoeg om vir die nasionale span van ’n ander land uit te draf (tot aan die einde van 2020 was dit slegs drie jaar).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/39868065 |title=World Rugby raises international eligibility period from three to five years |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=10 Mei 2017 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Sedert die 1970’s het baie Samoane veral na Nieu-Seeland vertrek. Van die bekendste Nieu-Seelandse spelers met ’n Samoaanse herkoms is [[Jerry Collins]], [[Michael Jones (rugbyspeler)|Michael Jones]], [[Chris Masoe]], [[Malili Muliaina|Mils Muliaina]], [[Isaia Toeava]] en [[Tana Umaga]], terwyl [[Manu Tuilagi]] vir Engeland uitdraf. Met ’n bevolking van ’n rapsie meer as ’n 200 000 is Samoa van die kleinste lande wat gereeld aan rugbywêreldbekertoernooie deelneem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.americasrugbynews.com/2023/09/12/rugby-world-cup-2023-country-populations/ |title=Rugby World Cup 2023 – Country Populations |publisher=Americas Rugby News |date=12 September 2023 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
Die Stille Oseaan-eilandstate se beheerliggame is nie sterk genoeg om hierdie uitvloei aan talent stop te sit nie. Soms word die sistematiese stropery in ’n ironiese manier met die 19de eeuse ''Blackbirding'' vergelyk.<ref name="gain">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.northweststar.com.au/story/937123/pacifics-brawn-drain-is-world-rugbys-gain/ |title=Pacific's brawn drain is world rugby's gain |publisher=North West Star |date=7 Oktober 2011 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Samoane, wat hul eie land verteenwoordig, kan nie altyd vir hul nasionale span verskyn nie, aangesien veral Engelse klubs huiwerig is om spelers vir toetswedstryde beskikbaar te stel. Die professionele span [[Moana Pasifika]], wat sedert 2022 aan die internasionale toernooi [[Superrugby]] deelneem, sal as ’n oplossing dien. In dié span, wat in die Nieu-Seelandse stad [[Auckland]] gesetel is, speel Samoane saam met Tongane en Nieu-Seelanders met ’n [[Polinesië|Polinesiese]] herkoms; dié span streef ’n verkieslik “Stille Oseaan”-karakter na.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/next-steps-in-pacific-island-professional-teams-journey-confirmed-by-nz-rugby/ |title=Next steps in Pacific Island professional teams' journey confirmed by NZ Rugby |publisher=[[All Blacks]] |date=14 April 2021 |accessdate=5 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205120957/https://www.allblacks.com/news/next-steps-in-pacific-island-professional-teams-journey-confirmed-by-nz-rugby/ |archive-date=5 Februarie 2024 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
[[Amerikaans-Samoa]], ’n [[Eilandgebiede van die Verenigde State van Amerika|eilandgebied van die Verenigde State van Amerika]] wat net soos Samoa aan [[Samoa-eilande|dieselfde argipel]] behoort, beskik oor sy eie nasionale rugbyspan. Dit bereik egter by verre nie dieselfde status nie en hulle speel slegs af en toe. In Amerikaans-Samoa is [[Amerikaanse voetbal]] die gewildste sportsoort; baie Samoane speel in die Nasionale Voetballiga.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://gvwire.com/2019/08/15/why-samoans-are-40-times-more-likely-to-play-in-the-nfl/ |title=Why Samoans Are 40 Times More Likely to Play in the NFL |publisher=GV Wire |date=15 Augustus 2019 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
== Geskiedenis ==
=== ’n Beskeie begin ===
In Wes-Samoa was die in ander gebiede van [[Oseanië]] reeds goed gevestigde rugbysport tydens die [[Duitse koloniale ryk|Duitse koloniale tydperk]] minder bekend, plaaslike koerante het aan die begin van die 20ste eeu net min oor rugbywedstryde in die hoofstad [[Apia]] berig.<ref name="islands" /> Dié situasie het in 1914 verander, toe [[Nieu-Seeland]] die eilandgroep aan die begin van die [[Eerste Wêreldoorlog]] beset en begin administreer het (van 1919 af amptelik as ’n [[Volkebond]]mandaat). Die [[Rooms-Katolieke Kerk|Rooms-Katolieke]] orde van die Maristebroers, wat van 1871 af hier werksaam was, het van 1920 af aan hul skole weens die sterk Nieu-Seelandse invloed ’n aantal sportsoorte met ’n Britse oorsprong ingevoer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.maristoldpupils.ws/brief-history-of-marist-brothers-primary-school-mulivai.html |title=Brief history of Marist Brothers primary school Mulivai |publisher=Marist Brothers Old Pupils Association |date=2021 |accessdate=5 Desember 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205150402/https://www.maristoldpupils.ws/brief-history-of-marist-brothers-primary-school-mulivai.html |archive-date=5 Desember 2021}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://southpacificislands.travel/samoa-tourism-to-celebrate-100-years-of-samoan-rugby/ |title=Samoa Tourism to Celebrate 100 Years of Samoan Rugby |publisher=Stille Oseaan-toerisme-organisasie |date=2020 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Rugby het vinnig die by verre gewildste sportsoort geword en is deur groot dele van die bevolking goed ontvang. Volgens Robert F. Dewey, ’n historikus aan die DePauw-universiteit, was rugby destyds ’n belangrike manier om die plaaslike trots en strydlustige manlikheid uit te druk. Nadat baie tradisionele rituele gedurende die koloniale tydperk verdwyn het, was rugby ’n goeie plaasvervanger vir die uitvoering van ou konflikte. Buitendien was die atletiese vaardighede van die inheemse spelers glo heel geskik vir die rugbyspel. ’n Soortgelyke ontwikkeling het in twee ander Stille Oseaan-eilandstate plaasgevind: [[Fidji]] en [[Tonga]].<ref name="gain" />
In 1924 is die Apia Rugbyvoetbalunie (Engels: ''Apia Rugby Football Union'', die latere Wes-Samoaanse Rugbyvoetbalunie en die huidige Rugby Samoa) gestig, wat aanvanklik met die [[Nieu-Seeland Rugby|Nieu-Seelandse Rugbyvoetbalunie]] geassosieerd was. Die eerste toetswedstryd het op 18 Augustus 1924 in die Samoaanse hoofstad [[Apia]] teen [[Fidjiaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Fidji]] plaasgevind en is met 0–6 verloor.<ref name="history" /> Volgens ’n legende is die wedstryd op ’n rugbyveld met ’n groot boom op die middellyn gespeel, maar destydse koerantberigte vermeld niks daarvan nie.<ref name="islands" /> Die wedstryd het om 7 v.m. afgeskop om die Samoaanse toeskouers kans te gee om ná die wedstryd te gaan werk. ’n Maand later is die tweede toetswedstryd teen Fidji met 9–3 gewen.<ref name="history" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/49 |title=1924 Fiji tour to Western Samoa and Tonga |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Aan die einde van Julie 1926 is [[Tongaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Tonga]] vir die eerste keer verwelkom.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/53 |title=1926 Tonga tour to Fiji and Western Samoa |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In 1928 en 1932 het die Stille Oseaan-bure weer Samoa besoek, maar dit sou tot in 1947 duur, totdat die Samoane weer besoek ontvang het; daardie jaar het hulle Tonga vir die eerste keer geklop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/96 |title=1947 Tonga tour to Fiji and Western Samoa |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
Gereelde wedstryde is eers in 1955 hervat en as gevolg van die beheerliggaam se moeilike finansiële situasie kon die eerste wegwedstryde eers in 1956 gespeel word, toe die Samoane na Tonga vertrek het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/tour/128 |title=1956 Western Samoa tour to Tonga |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In 1960 het die Nieu-Seelandse Maori (die [[Maori]] se keurspan)vir die eerste keer Wes-Samoa besoek.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/154 |title=1960 New Zealand Maori tour to Western Samoa and Tonga |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In 1962 het die Nieu-Seelandse beheer geëindig en Wes-Samoa sy onafhanklikheid verkry. In 1963 is in die Fidjiaanse hoofstad [[Suva]] die eerste Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele aangebied, waartydens Wes-Samoa in al sy vier wedstryde maklik verslaan is en slegs die bronsmedalje ingepalm het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal |title=Rugby Football |work=First South Pacific Games: Official report and results |publisher=Fiji Times and Herald |location=Suva |date=1963 |pages=44–47 |url=https://websites.mygameday.app/get_file.cgi?id=3808994 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Aangesien die beheerliggaam se moeilike finansiële situasie bly aanhou het, moes hul internasionale speelprogram vir die volgende agt jaar opnuut opgeskort word.
=== Toenemende internasionale kontakte ===
Aan die Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele 1971 se rugbytoernooi in [[Papeete]] ([[Frans-Polinesië]]) het die mededingers uit Fidji en Tonga nie deelgeneem nie. Tydens die groepfase het Wes-Samoa die [[Cookeilande]] en [[Nieu-Kaledonië]] geklop, en in die halfeindstryd [[Tahiti]]. In die eindstryd het die Samoane weer teen die Cookeilande te staan gekom en met ’n 23–9-oorwinning die toernooi beklink.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/189?Stagione=1971 |title=1971 South Pacific Games |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In 1972 het hulle Tonga vir vier toetswedstryde ontvang, maar almal verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/tour/223 |title=1972 Tonga tour to Western Samoa |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> ’n Jaar later was hulle teen die besoekende Nieu-Seelandse Maori ook sonder enige kans.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/tour/232 |title=1973 New Zealand Maori tour to Oceania |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In Junie 1975 is Tonga opnuut vir vier toetswedstryde verwelkom; Wes-Samoa het twee oorwinnings aangeteken, die eerste oor dié span in amper drie dekades.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/tour/258 |title=1975 Tonga tour to Western Samoa and New Zealand |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
[[Tupuola Taisi Tufuga Efi|Tupuola Efi]], wat gelyktydig as beheerliggaamspresident en eerste minister gedien het, het die doelwit gehad om die destydse beskeie Samoaanse rugbysport se vlak te verbeter. Dit was net met meer wedstryde teen gelykwaardige of beter teenstanders moontlik. Om hierdie rede het hy in 1976 ’n fondsinsameling georganiseer om die span se eerste toer na Nieu-Seeland te befonds. Dié veldtog het die bepaalde doelwit oortref en die beheerliggaam kon ’n verteenwoordigende keurspan saamstel. Gedurende die vierweekse toer het hulle teen ses plaaslike spanne van die Nieu-Seelandse kampioenskap te staan gekom en hulle is vyf keer verslaan. In die toetswedstryde teen die Nieu-Seelandse Maori is hulle ook twee keer geklop. Twee begeleiers van die span het die fondsinsameling by die Samoaanse [[diaspora]] voortgesit, waardeur hulle die grondslag vir toekomstige toere en die verbetering van die beheerliggaam se strukture gelê het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://keithquinnrugby.com/news-comment/some-stuff-you-never-knew-about-the-rise-and-rise-of-samoa-rugby-and-new-zealands-role-in-its-early-years/ |title=Some stuff You never knew about the rise and rise of Samoa rugby – and New Zealand's role in its early years |publisher=Keith Quinn Rugby |author=Keith Quinn |date=8 Julie 2015 |accessdate=12 Desember 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212072436/http://keithquinnrugby.com/news-comment/some-stuff-you-never-knew-about-the-rise-and-rise-of-samoa-rugby-and-new-zealands-role-in-its-early-years/ |archive-date=12 Desember 2025 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele 1979 het gewys dat die in Nieu-Seeland verwerfde kennisse veral in taktiese opsig nog nie voldoende was nie. Ná hul tweede plek gedurende die groepfase met die [[Salomonseilande]], Tonga en Tahiti het hulle in die halfeindstryd teen die gasheer Fidji met 13–16 verloor en hulle het in die klein finale om die derde plek ’n verrassende nederlaag teen Nieu-Kaledonië met 8–9 gely.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/189?Stagione=1979 |title=1979 South Pacific Games |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
In 1982 het die nuwe, jaarlikse Stille Oseaan-drienasiestoernooi gereelde wedstryde aan die drie voorste Stille Oseaan-rugbylande besorg en die vorige ongereelde wedersydse toere vervang. Wes-Samoa het die eerste toernooi met twee wegoorwinnings beklink, waaronder hul eerste oorwinning oor Fidji sedert 1924.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=1982 |title=1982 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Die Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele 1983 is tuis in Apia aangebied. Wes-Samoa het in die rugbytoernooi se groepfase [[Amerikaans-Samoa]], die Cookeilande, [[Papoea-Nieu-Guinee]], [[Tokelau]] en Tonga geklop. Ná hul oorwinning in die halfeindstryd teen Nieu-Kaledonië is die gasheer in die eindstryd egter deur Fidji met 18–10 geklop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/189?Stagione=1983 |title=1983 South Pacific Games |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In Mei 1985 het die Internasionale Rugbyvoetbalraad (IRVR; nou [[Wêreldrugby]]), wat redelik eksklusief was en slegs agt lede behels het, op die invoering van die [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooi besluit. Vir die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|eerste toernooi in 1987]] sou nege plekke deur uitnodiging toegeken word (die IRVR-lid [[Suid-Afrika]] is weens die [[apartheid]]boikot nie genooi nie).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/1987-rugby-world-cup/the-world-cup-is-born |title=1987 Rugby World Cup: The long road to the cup |publisher=New Zealand History |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Terwyl die twee Oseaniese mededingers Fidji en Tonga uitgenooi is, het Wes-Samoa nie in aanmerking gekom nie; die hoofrede was waarskynlik hul gebrek aan ervaring teen nasionale spanne van ’n hoër vlak.
Ná die ietwat omstrede nie-uitnodiging het die Samoaanse beheerliggaam verskeie stappe onderneem om meer internasionale erkenning te verkry. In 1986 het die [[Walliese nasionale rugbyspan|Walliese nasionale span]] deur die Suidelike Stille Oseaan getoer en die eerste span van buite Oseanië geword om teen Wes-Samoa te speel. Hoewel die gasheer se speelse vaardighede grootliks onbekend was, het die [[Walliese Rugbyunie]] aan dié wedstryd op 14 Junie amptelike toetsstatus toegeken. Die Samoane het teen halftyd heelwat verrassend met 14–7 voorgeloop, maar hulle het nogtans met 14–32 verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/rugby/rugby-news/how-welsh-rugby-disaster-led-13205410 |title=How a Welsh rugby disaster led to a newborn child being given the most bizarre name ever |publisher=Wales Online |date=19 Junie 2017 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In 1988 het die beheerliggaam by die voorheen redelik eksklusiewe IRVR aangesluit, waarvolgens amper alle wedstryde met die tradisionele rugbylande as toetswedstryde erken is.<ref name="Wêreldrugby" /> In dieselfde jaar het Peter Schuster die nuwe pos as hoofafrigter betree. Daarbenewens het die beheerliggaam spesifiek rugbyspelers met ’n Samoaanse herkoms in die buiteland vir die nasionale span begin werf. Van hulle was oorwegend nakomelinge van trekarbeiders wat van die 1950’s tot die 1970’s na Nieu-Seeland verhuis het. In 1995 het hierdie spelers amper die helfte van die span gevorm.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal |author=Robert F. Dewey |title=Pacific Islands rugby: Navigating the global professional era |editor=Greg Ryan |work=The changing face of rugby: The Union game and professionalism since 1995 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |location=Newcastle |date=2008 |ISBN=978-1-84718-530-3 |pages=89}}</ref>
=== Eerste deelnames aan rugbywêreldbekertoernooie ===
Gedurende [[herfs]] 1988 het die Wes-Samoane vir die eerste keer ’n oorsese toer onderneem, meer spesifiek na [[Wallis]] en [[Ierland]]. Dit het omtrent vyf weke gevat en twee toetswedstryde teen die Walliese en die [[Ierse nasionale rugbyspan|Ierse rugbyspanne]] ingesluit, wat albei in nederlae geëindig het. Van die ander agt wedstryde teen klubs en keurspanne het hulle vier gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/475 |title=1988 Western Samoa tour to Wales and Ireland |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In 1989 is die Stille Oseaan-drienasies by uitsteek nie aangebied nie, pleks daarvan het hulle nog ’n toer na Europa oor ’n aantal weke onderneem. Terwyl die toetswedstryde teen [[Duitse nasionale rugbyspan|Wes-Duitsland]] en [[Belgiese nasionale rugbyspan|België]] in maklike oorwinnings geëindig het, het hulle teen [[Roemeense nasionale rugbyspan|Roemenië]] ’n naelskraapse nederlaag gely. Bykomende wedstryde teen keurspanne is in die [[Sowjetunie]], [[Engeland]] en [[Frankryk]] gespeel. Oor die algemeen was die wenrekord positief.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/494 |title=1989 Western Samoa tour to Europe |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In April 1990 het Wes-Samoa tydens ’n toernooi in [[Tokio]] met deels maklike oorwinnings oor [[Koreaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Suid-Korea]], Tonga en [[Japannese nasionale rugbyspan|Japan]] sonder moeite vir die daaropvolgende rugbywêreldbekertoernooi gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/175?Stagione=1991 |title=1991 Rugby World Cup – Asia/Oceania qualifiers |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
Sowel in 1990 as in 1991 het Wes-Samoa die Stille Oseaan-drienasies beklink.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=1990 |title=1990 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=1991 |title=1991 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Tydens die Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele 1991 in [[Port Moresby]], die Papoea-Nieu-Guinese hoofstad, het die Samoane vir die laaste keer aan die rugbytoernooi deelgeneem. Ná hul oorwinning oor die Salomonseilande in die halfeindstryd het hulle in die eindstryd Amerikaans-Samoa met 34–7 geklop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/189?Stagione=1991 |title=1991 South Pacific Games |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> ’n Maand ná hul titeloorwinning het hul langverwagte eerste deelname aan die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991]], wat in die destydse [[Sesnasies-toernooi|Vyfnasies]] aangebied is, gevolg. Voor dié toernooi is die Samoane as buiteperde beskou. Op 6 Oktober het hulle in [[Cardiff]] teen die medegasheer Wallis te staan gekom en ’n verrassende oorwinning met 16–13 aangeteken, waarby hulle blykbaar hul teenstanders veral in die aanval oorheers het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/rugby/report?gameId=22434&league=164205 |title=Western Samoa hand Wales a lesson |publisher=ESPNscrum |author=Richard Seeckts |date=6 Oktober 1991 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Dié wedstryd het een van die bekendste rugby-aanhalings opgelewer: “Dankie tog dat Wallis nie teen die hele Samoa gespeel het nie” (''Thank heavens Wales weren’t playing the whole of Samoa'').<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbypass.com/news/we-were-the-poor-cousins-samoas-1991-world-cup-upset-30-years-on-lam-samoa/ |title=We were the poor cousins': Samoa's 1991 World Cup upset 30 years on |publisher=Rugby Pass |author=Liam Heagney |date=17 Oktober 2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In hul tweede groepwedstryd is Wes-Samoa deur die latere kampioen [[Wallabies|Australië]] naelskraap met 9–3 geklop, maar hulle het ná ’n maklike 35–12-oorwinning oor [[Argentynse nasionale rugbyspan|Argentinië]] die kwarteindrondte gehaal. Wes-Samoa is egter deur [[Skotse nasionale rugbyspan|Skotland]] met 28–6 geklop, maar met hul deelname aan die uitklopfase het hulle regstreeks vir die daaropvolgende rugbywêreldbekertoernooi gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1991/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1991: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
Hul goeie prestasies het voortgegaan, toe Wes-Samoa sowel in 1992 as in 1993 die Stille Oseaan-drienasies beklink en daarmee vier opeenvolgende toernooie gewen het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=1992 |title=1992 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=1993 |title=1993 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Hul toer na Nieu-Seeland in Julie 1993 was ook suksesvol. Die Samoane het al hul sewe wedstryde teen plaaslike keurspanne gewen, terwyl die twee wedstryde teen die [[All Blacks]], wat nie as toetswedstryde erken is nie, naelskraap verloor is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/568 |title=1993 Western Samoa tour to New Zealand |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Die Walliesers het in Junie 1994 vir hul rugbywêreldbekernederlaag wraak geneem, toe hulle in Junie 1994 tydens hul toer na Oseanië Apia besoek en die Samoane met 34–9 geklop het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/tour/592 |title=1994 Wales tour to Canada and Pacific |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In voorbereiding op die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995]] het die Samoane amper ’n jaar deur die gasheerland [[Suid-Afrika]] getoer en onder andere in hul eerste toetswedstryd teen die [[Springbokke]] gespeel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/tour/607 |title=1995 Western Samoa tour to South Africa |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Tydens die daaropvolgende toernooi het Wes-Samoa weer goed presteer. Met oorwinnings oor [[Italiaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Italië]] (met 42–18) en Argentinië (met 32–26) asook ’n nederlaag teen [[Engelse nasionale rugbyspan|Engeland]] (met 22–44) het hulle weer die kwarteindrondte gehaal, waar hulle met 14–42 teen die gasheer en latere kampioen verloor het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1995/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1995: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
=== Gevolge van professionalisering ===
Nadat die IRVR in Augustus 1995 al die beperkinge rakende die spelersbetaling opgehef en daarmee die professionele tydperk van die rugbyspel ingelui het, was dit vir Samoa en die ander Stille Oseaan-eilandstate terselfdertyd vloek én seën. Aan die een kant kon die nasionale span professionele spelers insluit wat oorwegend by klubs in Nieu-Seeland, Australië, Europa en Japan gespeel het. Aan die ander kant het die beheerliggaam altyd met die risiko gesit dat hierdie spelers meer as drie jaar oorsee gebly het en volgens die IRVR se woonplekreël deur die onderskeie beheerliggame gekeur kon word, waarvolgens hulle nie meer vir die nasionale span beskikbaar was nie. Buitendien het die finansieel sterk mededingers die plaaslike liga erg verswak.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Richard Bath |title=The Complete Book of Rugby |publisher=Seven Oaks Ltd. |date=1997 |ISBN=1-86200-013-1 |pages=67}}</ref> Om in die toekoms met die internasionale mededingers tred te hou was die implementering van nuwe bestuurstrukture noodsaaklik. Die beheerliggaam het saam met die beleggingsfonds Fay Richwhite die gesamentlike onderneming Manu Samoa Rugby Beperk gestig, wat sedertdien vir die bemarking van die nasionale span verantwoordelik is. Buitendien het Fay Richwhite se vennote $5 miljoen uit hul persoonlike bates belê, aanvanklik vir die tydperk van 1995 tot 2004.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/fay-samoans-need-change/PRU3OF66ZH55Y34APOX2NSG7IQ/ |title=Fay: Samoans need change |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=29 Oktober 2011 |accessdate=10 Oktober 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010200110/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/fay-samoans-need-change/PRU3OF66ZH55Y34APOX2NSG7IQ/ |archive-date=10 Oktober 2023 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Dié belegging het die beheerliggaam van ’n moontlike bankrotskap bewaar. Aangesien Manu Samoa Rugby Beperk in Nieu-Seeland gesetel is, het in die publiek egter die indruk ontstaan dat die nasionale span aan ’n buitelandse maatskappy “verkoop” is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal |author=Robert F. Dewey |title=Pacific Islands rugby: Navigating the global professional era |editor=Greg Ryan |work=The changing face of rugby: The Union game and professionalism since 1995 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |location=Newcastle |date=2008 |ISBN=978-1-84718-530-3 |pages=99}}</ref>
In November 1995 het Wes-Samoa tydens hul toer in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] teen [[Skotse nasionale rugbyspan|Skotland]] te staan gekom en in [[Edinburg]] ’n goeie 15–15-gelykop aangeteken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/tour/621 |title=1995 Western Samoa tour to Scotland and England |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In Junie 1996 het Wes-Samoa in [[Napier, Nieu-Seeland|Napier]] in hul langverwagte eerste toetswedstryd teen die All Blacks gespeel en hulle het met 10–51 verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/tour/624 |title=1996 Western Samoa tour to New Zealand |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Die hoogtepunt van ’n verdere toer na Europa gedurende herfs 1996 was hul eerste oorwinning oor Ierland, toe hulle in [[Dublin]] met 40–25 geseëvier het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/rugby-world-cup/2019/10/12/irelands-horrendous-lansdowne-road-defeat-samoa-serves-warning/ |title=Ireland's horrendous defeat at Lansdowne Road to Samoa serves as a warning from history ahead of crucial World Cup clash |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |author=Tom Cary |date=12 Oktober 2019 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In ooreenstemming met die eilandstaat se naamverandering in 1997 is die nasionale span van Wes-Samoa ook in Samoa hernoem. Die Oseaniese rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering is in September 1998 in Australië aangebied. Samoa is deur die gasheer en Fidji geklop, maar hulle het ná ’n oorwinning oor Tonga een van die drie regstreekse plekke bespreek en hulle moes nie in die uitspeelwedstryde teen ’n Europese span speel nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/175?Stagione=1999 |title=1999 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualifiers |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Gedurende somer 1999 het Samoa vir die eerste keer deelgeneem aan die Stille Oseaanrand Rugbykampioenskap, ’n toernooi vir die spanne in en rondom die [[Stille Oseaan]], en die tweede plek onder ses deelnemers beklee.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/177?Stagione=1999 |title=1999 Pacific Rim |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999]], wat weer in die destydse Vyfnasies aangebied is, het Samoa aanvanklik Japan met 43–9 geklop, maar hulle is deur Argentinië met 32–16 verslaan. Om tot die uitspeelrondte te vorder, moes hulle teen Wallis wen. Net soos agt jaar voorheen het Samoa sy teenstander oorheers en met 38–31 ’n verrassende oorwinning aangeteken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/rugby_world_cup/teams/wales/475082.stm |title=Samoa crash Jenkins' party |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=14 Oktober 1999 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Die uitspeelrondte se uitslag was net só as in 1991, aangesien Samoa deur Skotland met 35–20 geklop is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1999/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1999: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
=== Die nuwe millennium ===
[[Lêer:SA-Samoa RWC 09092007.jpg|duimnael|Samoa teen [[Springbokke|Suid-Afrika]] tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007]]]]
[[Lêer:Samoa vs Namibia 2011 RWC (2).jpg|duimnael|Samoa teen [[Namibiese nasionale rugbyspan|Namibië]] tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]]]]
[[Lêer:Wales vs Samoa 2011 RWC (2).jpg|duimnael|[[Walliese nasionale rugbyspan|Wallis]] teen Samoa tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]]
[[Lêer:Japan vs Samoa Rugby Matc 17 June 2012.jpg|duimnael|Samoa teen [[Japannese nasionale rugbyspan|Japan]] op [[Chichibunomiya Rugbystadion]], [[Tokio]], 2012]]
Samoa het die Stille Oseaanrand Rugbykampioenskap 2000 gewen en een jaar later het hulle in die laaste toernooi se eindstryd teen Fidji met 17–28 verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=2000 |title=2000 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://fijirugbyunion.com/team_fiji/news/20010708_fiji_28_samoa_17.html |title=Fiji triumph 28–17 over Samoa |publisher=[[Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie]] |author=Jeremy Duxbury |date=8 Julie 2001 |accessdate=20 Junie 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030620051123/http://www.fijirugbyunion.com/team_fiji/news/20010708_fiji_28_samoa_17.html |archive-date=20 Junie 2003 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die Stille Oseaan-drienasies in 2002 het terselfdertyd as rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering gedien. Samoa en Fidji het hul toernooiplekke met drie oorwinnings en ’n gelykop elk bespreek, terwyl Samoa in dié toernooi weens sy swakker punteverskil as naaswenner geëindig het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/rugby/2002/0706/165243-rugby/ |title=Fiji qualify for World Cup finals |publisher=Raidió Teilifís Éireann |date=6 Julie 2002 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> As gevolg van die wêreldwyd toenemende professionalisering en die afnemende beskikbaarheid van spelers het die tradisionele rugbytoere uit die amateurtydperk eindelik verdwyn. Die Samoane het in Julie 2003 hul laaste toer in voorbereiding op die daaropvolgende rugbywêreldbekertoernooi deur [[Suider-Afrika]] aangepak en vir die eerste keer teen [[Namibiese nasionale rugbyspan|Namibië]] te staan gekom.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/765 |title=2003 Samoa tour to southern Africa |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Die oorsese toere volgens die ou tradisie is veral met die midjaarrugbytoetsreeks en die eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks met ’n vaste skedule vervang. Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003]] in Australië is die Samoane in ’n sterk groep geloot. Hulle het hul eerste twee groepwedstryde maklik gewen, met 60–13 teen [[Uruguaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Uruguay]] en met 46–9 teen [[Georgiese nasionale rugbyspan|Georgië]]. In die derde groepwedstryd teen die latere kampioen Engeland het Samoa sowat ’n uur voorgeloop, maar hulle is eindelik met 35–22 geklop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/rugby_world_cup/3211493.stm |title=England survive Samoa scare |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=26 Oktober 2003 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In die laaste wedstryd het hulle met 10–60 teen Suid-Afrika verloor en Samoa is sodoende met hul derde plek uit die toernooi geskakel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2003/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2003: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
In 2002 was Rugby Samoa een van die stigterslede van die Stille Oseaan-eilande Rugbyalliansie wat die doelwit gehad het om die samewerking tussen die Stille Oseaan-rugbylande te verbeter. In 2004 het die lede die gesamentlike keurspan Stille Oseaan-eilanders byeengeroep, wat volgens die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus]] se voorbeeld al om die twee jaar pleks van die onderskeidelike nasionale span ’n aantal toetswedstryde teen die vername rugbylande gespeel het. Op mediumtermyn sou dié span homself vir ’n moontlike uitbreiding van die [[Superrugby|Super 12]] of die [[Die Rugbykampioenskap|Drienasiesreeks]] beskikbaar stel.<ref name="islands" /> In altesaam elf wedstryde het hulle agt nederlae gely en drie oorwinnings aangeteken. In 2009 het die Samoaanse beheerliggaam die alliansie verlaat, aangesien hulle glo naas die sportiewe ook nie in die finansiële doelwitte geslaag het nie. Sedertdien het die Stille Oseaan-eilanders ondanks verskeie herlewingspogings nie meer byeengekom nie.<ref name="Samoa quits" /> Net soos die ander Stille Oseaan-rugbylande het Samoa toenemend gebuk gegaan onder die feit dat die beste spelers kontrakte by oorsese klubs onderteken het en vervolgens van hul onderskeie klubs afhanklik was. Byvoorbeeld was tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker 2003 al die in Engeland aktiewe spelers afwesig, terwyl ander spelers weens die blyplekreël vir ander nasionale spanne uitgedraf het. Dit en ander nadele het daartoe gelei dat die beheerliggame van Samoa, Fidji en Tonga in 2000 die kontinentale beheerliggaam Vereniging van Oseaniese Rugbyunies (''Federation of Oceania Rugby Unions'', FORU; nou [[Oseanië Rugby]], OR) van stapel gestuur het.<ref name="islands" /> Die FORU het vir ’n medebeslissingsreg by die IRR se uitvoerende raad aangeklop en dit is in 2004 toegestaan. Die meer as ’n dosyn lede moet egter twee setels deel en word dus steeds erg benadeel teenoor die “groot” rugbylande.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal |author=Robert F. Dewey |title=Pacific Islands rugby: Navigating the global professional era |editor=Greg Ryan |work=The changing face of rugby: The Union game and professionalism since 1995 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |location=Newcastle |date=2008 |ISBN=978-1-84718-530-3 |pages=95–97}}</ref>
In 2005 het Samoa die laaste Stille Oseaan-drienasiestoernooi gewen. Dié toernooi het terselfdertyd as rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering gedien, waarvolgens hulle hul plek by die daaropvolgende rugbywêreldbekertoernooi bespreek het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=2005 |title=2005 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In 2006 is die vorige Stille Oseaan-drienasies met die nuwe [[Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker]] vervang. Die eerste toernooi (aanvanklik Stille Oseaan-vyfnasies genoem) het Samoa in die tweede plek afgesluit.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/8?Stagione=2006 |title=2006 Pacific Nations Cup |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007]] in Frankryk het die Samoane weereens die kwarteindrondte misgeloop. Hulle het teen Suid-Afrika met 7–59, teen Tonga met 15–19 en teen Engeland met 22–44 verloor; hul 25–21-oorwinning oor die Verenigde State was nie meer van belang nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2007/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2007: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Die voortdurende gebrek aan die beste spelers was in September 2008 besonder opvallend, toe Samoa in [[Nieu-Plymouth]] in ’n vriendskaplike wedstryd teen Nieu-Seeland te staan gekom en met 14–101 verloor het; dit is hul ergste nederlaag in dié tyd.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/rugby/all-blacks-thrash-samoa-by-record-margin-1.1223434 |title=All Blacks thrash Samoa by record margin |publisher=The Irish Times |date=3 September 2008 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Hul klasverskil teenoor die vernaamste rugbylande was net só groot soos hul verskil teenoor die meeste Stille Oseaan-buurlande. Tydens die daaropvolgende rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering was die Oseaniese bekerwenner die enigste struikelblok: Papoea-Nieu-Guinee is in Julie 2009 met 115–7 en 73–12 oorrompel; dié eersgenoemde oorwinning was die hoogste in die Samoaanse rugbygeskiedenis in dié tyd.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.planetrugby.com/samoa-put-100-points-on-png/ |title=Samoa put 100 points on PNG |publisher=Planet Rugby |date=12 Julie 2009 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
=== Verdere ontwikkeling ===
In 2010 het Samoa die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker vir die eerste keer gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/8?Stagione=2010 |title=2010 Pacific Nations Cup |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Tydens die [[2011 midjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] het hulle nog ’n verrassing teen ’n vlak-een-span aangeteken, toe Australië in [[Sydney]] met 32–23 geklop is; dit was hul eerste oorwinning oor dié span ooit.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/14175299 |title=Samoa shock Australia with 32–23 win in Sydney |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=17 Julie 2011 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]] in Nieu-Seeland het die Samoane in die eerste groepwedstryd Namibië met 49–12 geklop. Daarop het ’n naelskraapse 10–17-nederlaag teen Wallis en ’n 27–7-oorwinning oor Fidji gevolg. Om tot die kwarteindrondte te vorder moes hulle in die laaste wedstryd die destydse kampioen Suid-Afrika klop. Die Samoane kon goed tred hou en het naelskraap met 5–13 verloor. Met hul derde plek in die groep het hulle regstreeks vir die daaropvolgende rugbywêreldbeker gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2011/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2011: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Aansluitend het Samoa vir die tweede keer die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker gewen en tydens die [[2013 midjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] hul eerste oorwinning oor Skotland ooit aangeteken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/8?Stagione=2012 |title=2012 Pacific Nations Cup |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.planetrugby.com/samoa-claim-historic-win-over-scotland |title=Samoa claim historic win over Scotland |publisher=Planet Rugby |date=8 Junie 2013 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Tydelik het Samoa weens sy goeie prestasies op Wêreldrugby se wêreldranglys die sewende plek beklee, ’n uitstekende plek vir ’n Stille Oseaan-span. Tydens die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker 2015 het hulle die eindstryd in die Kanadese stad [[Burnaby]] teen Fidji met 29–39 verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/archive/ca/entry/fiji-defeats-samoa-39-29-in-wild-pacific-nations-cup-final_n_7929968 |title=Fiji defeats Samoa 39–29 in wild Pacific Nations Cup final |publisher=Huffpost |date=8 Maart 2015 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
Die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015]] in Engeland het teleurstellend verloop. Hulle het net daarin geslaag om in die eerste wedstryd die Verenigde State te oorheers en hulle met 25–16 geklop. Daarop het nederlae teen Suid-Afrika (met 6–46), Japan (met 5–26) en Skotland (met 33–36) gevolg. Die span het net in die vierde plek geëindig en sodoende hul regstreekse kwalifisering vir die daaropvolgende toernooi misgeloop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/archive/2015/matches |title=Rugby World Cup 2015: Matches |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=22 Junie 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622084103/https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/archive/2015/matches |archive-date=22 Junie 2020 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Samoa het vervolgens op Wêreldrugby se wêreldranglys afgegly. Dit was veral te wyte aan ’n reeks nederlae van nege wedstryde wat in Junie 2017 begin het, hul langste verloorreeks in dié tyd. Dit het ook die rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering ingesluit. Vervolgens moes die Samoane in Julie 2018 ’n interkontinentale uitspeelwedstryd teen Duitsland speel. Met twee oorwinnings (met 66–15 tuis en met 42–28 weg in [[Heidelberg, Duitsland|Heidelberg]]) het hulle hul negatiewe reeks beëindig en vir die toernooi gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{de}} {{cite web |url=https://ballreiter.futbol/2018/07/17/rugby-deutschland-samoa/ |title=Fremdgehen mit ovalem Ball: Rugby-WM-Quali Deutschland vs Samoa 28:42 |publisher=Der Ballreiter |date=17 Julie 2017 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2019]] het net soos vier jaar voorheen verloop. Op die oorwinning oor [[Russiese nasionale rugbyspan|Rusland]] (met 34–9) het swak nederlae teen Skotland (met 0–34), die gasheer Japan (met 19–38) en Ierland (met 5–47) gevolg. Samoa het weer in die vierde plek geëindig en sodoende opnuut hul regstreekse kwalifisering vir die daaropvolgende toernooi misgeloop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/archive/2019/matches |title=Rugby World Cup 2019: Matches |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=19 November 2025}} {{dooie skakel}}</ref>
As gevolg van die reisbeperkings tydens die wêreldwye [[Covid-19-pandemie]] het Samoa in 2020 nie in ’n enkele wedstryd gespeel nie en ook in 2021 was die wedstrydkalender erg beperk. Hulle kon twee kwalifiseringswedstryde teen Tonga speel en albei wen, waarmee hulle vir die hooftoernooi gekwalifiseer het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/international/125759713/manu-samoa-down-tonga-again-secure-rugby-world-cup-2023-qualification |title=Manu Samoa down Tonga again, secure Rugby World Cup 2023 qualification |publisher=Stuff |author=Aaron Goile |date=17 Julie 2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Al drie Samoaanse wedstryde tydens die [[2021 eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] moes ná positiewe Covid-19-toetse afgelas word.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/rugby/samoa-cancel-november-tests-travel/ |title=Samoa cancel November Tests over travel problems |publisher=[[The Citizen]] |date=4 Oktober 2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
Aan die begin van 2022 het Wêreldrugby ’n nuwe reël geïmplementeer wat vir die Stille Oseaan-eilandstate as baie voordelig beskou word. Hiervolgens kan nasionale spelers van ’n “groot” rugbyland na ’n ander land oorskakel, ongeag die aantal toetswedstryde wat tot dusver gespeel is. Hiervoor moes 36 maande verloop het sedert die laaste toetswedstryd en die speler moet in die betrokke land gebore wees; ’n oorskakeling is ook moontlik met ’n ouer of grootouer wat daar gebore is. Vervolgens kon talle spelers met ’n Fidjiaanse, Samoaanse of Tongaanse herkoms tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023]] vir hul oorspronklike land speel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/all-blacks/300462490/world-rugbys-tweak-of-eligibility-rule-game-changing-for-pacific-island-unions |title=World Rugby's tweak of eligibility rule game changing for Pacific Island unions |publisher=stuff.co.nz |date=25 November 2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Tydens die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbekertoernooi 2022 het die Samoane onoorwonne gebly en hul vierde titel ingepalm.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/8?Stagione=2022 |title=2022 Pacific Nations Cup |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2023 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Tydens die groepfase in Frankryk kon Samoa die nuweling [[Chileense nasionale rugbyspan|Chili]] (met 43–10) klop, waarop drie naelskraapse nederlae teen Argentinië (met 10–19), Japan (met 22–28) en Engeland (met 17–18) gevolg het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2023/news/876159/samoal-rugby-world-cup-2023-review |title=Samoa: Rugby World Cup 2023 review |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=8 Oktober 2023 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
Tydens die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker 2024 het die Samoane die derde plek beklee.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/pacific-nations-cup/en/news/955599/asahi-super-dry-pacific-nations-cup-semi-final-one-review-fiji-usa |title=Asahi Super Dry Pacific Nations Cup: Five-time champions Fiji book place in final |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |date=14 September 2024 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbekertoernooi 2025 was deel van die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2027]]-kwalifisering en die span het uiteindelik die sesde plek behaal.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/pacific-nations-cup/en/news/1016474/asahi-super-dry-pacific-nations-cup-tonga-v-canada-third-place-play-off |title=Asahi Super Dry Pacific Nations Cup 2025: Tonga claim third in thrilling play-off |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |date=21 September 2025 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Daarna het die span in die Suid-Amerika-Stille-Oseaan-uitspeelrondte teen Chili te staan gekom, waar die eerste wedstryd met 32–32 gelykop geëindig het, terwyl Samoa in die tweede wedstryd weg met 12–31 verslaan is en sodoende aan die internasionale uitspeelrondte deelgeneem het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.americasrugbynews.com/2025/09/27/sublime-chile-write-history-by-beating-samoa-in-rwc-qualifier |title=Sublime Chile Write History by Beating Samoa in RWC Qualifier |publisher=Rugby Americas News |date=27 September 2025 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> In dié rondte het die Samoane [[Brasiliaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Brasilië]] en Namibië geklop en teen België met 13–13 gelykop gespeel. Samoa het die toernooi met meer bonuspunte beklink en sodoende vir die hooftoernooi in Australië gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2027/en/news/1018794/samoa-tie-with-belgium-in-thrilling-decider-to-clinch-rwc-2027-spot |title=Samoa tie with Belgium in thrilling decider to clinch RWC 2027 spot |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=18 November 2025 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
== Kleure, embleem en bynaam ==
Samoa speel tradisioneel in ’n blou trui met rooi kleuraksente, wit broeke en blou sokkies. Hul alternatiewe trui is wit met blou en rooi kleuraksente, blou broeke en wit sokkies.
Die huidige truiverskaffer is sedert 2023 die Italiaanse vervaardiger Macron.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://samoaglobalnews.com/macron-is-the-new-technical-partner-of-lakapi-samoa/ |title=Macron is the New Technical Partner of Lakapi Samoa |publisher=Samoa Global News |date=26 Mei 2023 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref> Die beheerliggaam se kenteken verskyn op die regterbors, die truiverskaffer se kenteken links en die borgkenteken in die middel.
Die beheerliggaam [[Rugby Samoa]], wat ook op die trui verskyn, se kenteken toon die wapen van Samoa met die belettering ''Samoa Rugby Union'' daaronder. Die embleem toon die [[Suiderkruis]], die nasionale simbool van Samoa. Die nasionale span se bynaam is ''Manu Samoa''.
== Truiverskaffers en -borge ==
Sedert die 1980’s het die volgende truiverskaffers en -borge verskyn:
{| class="wikitable"
!Tydperk !! Verskaffer !! Borg
|-
|1986–1988
|[[Umbro]]
|rowspan="2"| –
|-
|1988–1992
|rowspan="3"|[[Canterbury of New Zealand|Canterbury]]
|-
|1992–1994
|[[Spark New Zealand|Telecom New Zealand]]
|-
|1994–1996
|rowspan="2"|[[Vailima]]
|-
|1996–1998
|rowspan="2"|[[Reebok (maatskappy)|Reebok]]
|-
|1998
|rowspan="2"|[[Newcall]]
|-
|1999
|rowspan="2"|[[Adidas]]
|-
|1999–2003
|rowspan="2"| –
|-
|2004–2005
|rowspan="2"|[[Puma (maatskappy)|Puma]]
|-
|2005–2009
|rowspan="2"|Samoa International Finance Authority
|-
|2010–2011
|[[KooGa]]
|-
|2012–2013
|[[Beyond Limits Known|BLK]]
|[[Digicel]]
|-
|2014–2015
|[[Canterbury of New Zealand|Canterbury]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Cromwell Property Group]] (voorkant),<br />[[Redefine Properties]] (agterkant)
|-
|2015
|rowspan="2"|BLK
|-
|2016
|rowspan="2"|[[Bluesky Communications]]
|-
|2016–2017
|rowspan="2"|[[Limited Edition Sportswear|LE Sportswear]]
|-
|2017
|[[Magnum Hire]] (voorkant)<br />Henderson Cars (agterkant)<br />Invest Samoa
|-
|2018–2021
|BLK
|[[Grey Investment Group]]
|-
|2021
|Dynasty Sport
|
|-
|2021–2022
|rowspan="2"|[[Castore]]
|[[Grey Investment Group]]
|-
|2022
|Aramis Rugby (voorkant)<br />Samoa IBFC (agterkant)
|-
|sedert 2023
|[[Macron (maatskappy)|Macron]]
|}
== Die Siva Tau ==
[[Lêer:Samoan Siva Tau.jpg|duimnael|Samoa voer hulle vorm van die Haka uit voor die span se Groep A-wedstryd teen Suid-Afrika by die Rugbywêreldbeker 2007]]
[[Lêer:South Africa vs Samoa 2011 RWC (1).jpg|duimnael|Samoa voer die Siva Tau uit voor die wedstryd teen Suid-Afrika by die Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]]
Voor elke wedstryd voer die span ’n ''Siva Tau'', wat verwant is aan die [[All Blacks]] se ''[[Haka]]'', uit. Dié oorlogsdans het die doel om die teenstander te intimideer en hulself aan te moedig. Die nasionale span in [[Australiese voetbal]] voer ook hierdie oorlogsdans uit. Die ''Manu Siva Tau'' is ’n Samoaanse oorlogsdans wat deur Samoa se nasionale spanne voor elke wedstryd opgevoer word. Die Samoaanse nasionale rugbyspan voer die tradisionele ''Ma’ulu’ulu Moa'' op hul toere op. Voor die Rugbywêreldbeker 1991 is die ''Manu''-oorlogslied saamgestel, dit is as meer effektief beskou om spelers in ’n sielkundige opsig “op te laai”.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://tuilagirugbyacademy.com/the-manu-siva-tau |title=The Manu Siva Tau |publisher=Tuilagi Rugby Academy |date=2021 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/rugby_union/features/newsid_3112000/3112778.stm |title=Learn the awesome Samoan manu! |publisher=[[BBC]] |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
{|
|'''Samoaans'''
|'''Afrikaans'''
|-
| style="padding-right:50px" |
''Le Manu Samoa e ua malu ona fai o le faiva'' (2×)<br />
''Le Manu Samoa lenei ua ou sau''<br />
''Leai se isi Manu oi le atu laulau''<br />
''Ua ou sau nei ma le mea atoa''<br />
''O lou malosi ua atoatoa''<br />
''Ia e faatafa ma e soso ese''<br />
''Leaga o lenei manu e uiga ese''<br />
''Le Manu Samoa''<br />
''Le Manu Samoa''<br />
''Le Manu Samoa e o mai I Samoa hi''
|
Manu Samoa, mag u slaag met u missie (2×)<br />
Manu Samoa, hier kom ek<br />
Daar is geen ander Manu (span) nie<br />
Hier kom ek, heeltemal voorbereid<br />
My sterkte is op sy hoogte<br />
Maak pad en beweeg eenkant<br />
Want dié Manu is uniek<br />
Manu Samoa<br />
Manu Samoa<br />
Die Manu Samoa regeer vanaf Samoa
|}
== Tuisstadion ==
Samoa se tuisstadion is die [[Apiapark]] in die hoofstad [[Apia]] met ’n kapasiteit van 8 000. Dié stadion is in 1924 ingewy en het sedertdien elke tuiswedstryd aangebied.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=John Naurigh, Charles Parrish |title=Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice |publisher=ABC-CLIO |location=Santa Barbara |year=2012 |ISBN=978-1-59884-300-2 |pages=446}}</ref>
== Toetswedstryde ==
[[Lêer:Samoa IRB World Rankings.png|duimnael|400px|Samoa se plek op [[Wêreldrugby]] se ranglys van 10 Oktober 2003 tot op hede]]
Samoa het 131 van sy 300 toetswedstryde gewen, ’n wenrekord van 43,67%. Samoa se statistieke in toetswedstryde teen alle lande, in alfabetiese volgorde, is soos volg (korrek teen November 2025):<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;team=15;template=results;type=team;view=opposition |title=International Rugby Union Statistics – Samoa |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Teenstander
! Gespeel
! Gewen
! Verloor
! Gelykop
! % Gewen
|- bgcolor="#d0ffd0" align="center"
|-
| {{Ru-rt|Amerikaans-Samoa}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{ARGru}} || 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 60,00
|-
| {{AUSru}} || 6 || 1 || 5 || 0 || 16,67
|-
| {{BELru}} || 2 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 50,00
|-
| {{BRAru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{CHIru}} || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 33,33
|-
| {{COKru}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{GERru}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{ENGru}} || 9 || 0 || 9 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{FIJru}} || 61 || 21 || 37 || 3 || 34,43
|-
| {{FRAru}} || 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{GEOru}} || 6 || 2 || 3 || 1 || 33,33
|-
| {{IRLru}} || 8 || 1 || 7 || 0 || 12,50
|-
| {{ITAru}} || 9 || 4 || 5 || 0 || 44,44
|-
| {{JPNru}} || 19 || 12 || 7 || 0 || 63,16
|-
| {{CANru}} || 6 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{KORru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{NAMru}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{Ru-rt|Nieu-Kaledonië}} || 3 || 2 || 0 || 1 || 66,67
|-
| {{NZLru}} || 6 || 0 || 6 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Nieu-Seelandse Maori || 12 || 0 || 12 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{PNGru}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{ROMru}} || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 33,33
|-
| {{RUSru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{Ru-rt|Salomonseilande}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{SCOru}} || 12 || 1 || 10 || 1 || 8,33
|-
| {{ESPru}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{RSAru}} || 9 || 0 || 9 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{Ru-rt|Tahiti}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{Ru-rt|Tokelau}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{TGAru}} || 72 || 40 || 28 || 4 || 55,55
|-
| {{URUru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{USAru}} || 9 || 6 || 3 || 0 || 66,67
|-
| {{WALru}} || 10 || 4 || 6 || 0 || 40,00
|-
| align="left" |'''Algeheel''' || '''300''' || '''131''' || '''158''' || '''11''' || '''43,67'''
|}
== Rekords ==
=== Wêreldbekerrekord ===
Samoa het tot dusver aan amper elke [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooi deelgeneem, met uitsondering van die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987]] in Australië en Nieu-Seeland. Hul beste prestasie tot dusver was hul vordering tot die kwarteindrondte in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991|1991]] en [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995|1995]].
{| class="wikitable"
! Jaar !! Uitslag
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]] || Nie genooi nie
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991|1991]] || Kwarteindrondte
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995|1995]] || Kwarteindrondte
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999|1999]] || Uitspeelrondte
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003|2003]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011|2011]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015|2015]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2019|2019]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023|2023]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2027|2027]] || ''gekwalifiseer''
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2031|2031]] || {{n.v.t.}}
|}
=== Stille Oseaan-drienasies ===
Die Stille Oseaan-drienasies was van 1982 tot 2005 die tradisionele jaarlikse toernooi tussen die drie Stille Oseaan-rugbylande Fidji, Samoa en Tonga. Hulle het die toernooi tien keer gewen.
* Titeloorwinnings (10): 1982, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005
=== Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker ===
Samoa se enigste jaarlikse toernooi sedert 2006 is die [[Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker]], waartydens hulle teen Fidji en Tonga speel (soms word ook ander nasionale span genooi). Hulle het die toernooi vier keer gewen.
* Titeloorwinnings (4): 2010, 2012, 2014 (gedeel), 2022
=== Stille Oseaanrand Rugbykampioenskap ===
Samoa het drie keer aan die Stille Oseaanrand Rugbykampioenskap deelgeneem en die toernooi eenkeer gewen.
* Titeloorwinnings (1): 2000
=== Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele ===
Samoa het vyf keer aan die Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele se rugbytoernooi deelgeneem en twee keer gewen.
* Titeloorwinnings (2): 1971, 1991
=== Ander toetswedstryde ===
Gedurende die amateurtydperk het Samoa maandelange oorsese toere onderneem, waartydens hulle teen ander nasionale spanne, plaaslike saamgestelde spanne en klubspanne gespeel het. Eweneens het oorsese spanne na Samoa getoer. Teen die jaar 2000 het die oorsese toere volgens die ou tradisie tot ’n einde gekom, aangesien die professionalisering van die rugbyspel te min tyd vir toere oorlaat. Deesdae is toetswedstryde teen die spanne van die Noordelike Halfrond tweekeer per jaar moontlik. Gedurende Juniemaand se midjaarrugbytoetsreeks vertrek Europese spanne na Samoa en gedurende Novembermaand se eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks reis Samoa na Europa. In teenstelling met die meeste ander rugbylande speel Samoa nie vir enige trofee teen sy teenstanders nie.
== Spelers ==
=== Huidige span ===
Die volgende spelers het die Samoaanse span gevorm tydens die [[Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker]] 2025:<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.lakapisamoa.com/𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐮-𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐚-𝐒𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐝-𝐀𝐧 |title=𝐌𝐚𝐧𝐮 𝐒𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐚 𝐒𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐝 𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐉𝐮𝐥𝐲 𝐖𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐰 & 𝐏𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐂𝐮𝐩 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓 |publisher=[[Rugby Samoa]] |date=10 Junie 2025 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
{|
| valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Agterspelers ''(backs)''
|-
! Speler !! Posisie !! Klub !! Toetswedstryde
|-
| [[Joel Lam]] || [[Skrumskakel]] || [[Burnside Rugby Club]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}0
|-
| [[Melani Matavao]] || Skrumskakel || [[Moana Pasifika]] || style="text-align:center" | 22
|-
| [[Connor Tupai]] || Skrumskakel || [[San Diego Legion]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}1
|-
| [[AJ Alatimu]] || [[Losskakel]] || [[Ardmore Marist Club]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}7
|-
| [[Rodney Iona]] || Losskakel || [[Seattle Seawolves]] || style="text-align:center" | 12
|-
| [[Melani Nanai]] || [[Senter]] || [[Capilano RFC]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}2
|-
| [[Henry Taefu]] || Senter || [[Red Hurricanes Osaka]] || style="text-align:center" | 12
|-
| [[Elisapeta Alofipo]] || [[Vleuel]] || [[Hunter Wildfires]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}2
|-
| [[Tuna Tuitama]] || Vleuel || [[Ponsonby RFC|Ponsonby]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}5
|-
| [[Lolagi Visinia]] || Vleuel || [[Moana Pasifika]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}3
|-
| [[Tomasi Alosio]] || [[Heelagter]] || Ardmore Marist || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}9
|-
| [[Theodore Steffany]] || Heelagter || Auckland Marist || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}0
|}
|
| valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Voorspelers ''(forwards)''
|-
! Speler !! Posisie !! Klub !! Toetswedstryde
|-
| [[Pita Anae Ah-Sue]] || [[Haker]] || [[Houston Sabercats]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}1
|-
| [[Ray Niuia]] || Haker || [[RC Massy|Massy]] || style="text-align:center" | 15
|-
| [[Luteru Tolai]] || Haker || [[Biarritz Olympique|Biarritz]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}7
|-
| [[Jarred Adams]] || [[Stut]] || Suburbs Rugby Club || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}0
|-
| [[Michael Alaalatoa]] || Stut || [[ASM Clermont Auvergne|Clermont]] || style="text-align:center" | 20
|-
| [[Brad Amituanai]] || Stut || [[Waratahs (Superrugbyspan)|Waratahs]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}0
|-
| [[Marco Fepulea’i]] || Stut || [[Colomiers Rugby|Colomiers]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}7
|-
| [[Aki Seiuli]] || Stut || [[Utah Warriors]] || style="text-align:center" | 10
|-
| [[Michael Curry]] || [[Slot (rugby)|Slot]] || [[Moana Pasifika]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}9
|-
| [[Ben Nee-Nee]] || Slot || [[Kamaishi Seawaves]] || style="text-align:center" | 10
|-
| [[Sam Slade]] || Slot || [[Moana Pasifika]] || style="text-align:center" | 13
|-
| [[Niko Jones]] || [[Losvoorspeler]] || Waitemata || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}1
|-
| [[Iakopo Mapu]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Stade Français]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}8
|-
| [[Theo McFarland]] [[Lêer:Captain sports.svg|15px|Kaptein]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Saracens]] || style="text-align:center" | 20
|-
| [[Olajuwon Noa]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Seattle Seawolves]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}7
|-
| [[Taleni Seu]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Toyota Industries Shuttles]] || style="text-align:center" | 11
|}
|}
=== Bekende spelers ===
{{dubbelbeeld|regs|Gavin Williams 01.jpg|150|Census Johnston 2013 (cropped).jpg|150|Gavin Williams (2010)|Census Johnston (2013)}}
{{dubbelbeeld|regs|Geneva Rugby Cup - 20140808 - SF vs LOU - Sakaria Taulafo.jpg|150|Mahonri Schwalger 2015.jpg|150|Sakaria Taulafo (2014)|Mahonri Schwalger (2015)}}
Twee voormalige Samoaanse spelers is vir hul uitstekende prestasie in Wêreldrugby se Heldesaal opgeneem:<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/halloffame/inductees |title=Inductees |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Speler !! Posisie !! Inskrywing
|-
| [[Brian Lima]] || [[Vleuel]], [[Senter]] || 2011
|-
| [[Peter Fatialofa]] || [[Stut]] || 2019
|}
=== Spelerstatistieke ===
Vervolgens die belangrikste statistieke van Samoa se spelers. Die spelers wat met <nowiki>*</nowiki> gekenmerk is, is nog aktief en kan hul statistieke verbeter.
<small>(Korrek teen November 2025)</small>
{|
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste toetswedstryde<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;team=15;template=results;type=player |title=Total matches played (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Toetswedstryde
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Brian Lima]] || 1991–2007 || 65
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[To’o Vaega]] || 1986–2001 || 61
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Semo Sititi]] || 1999–2009 || 59
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Census Johnston]] || 2005–2017 || 57
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[David Lemi]] || 2004–2017 || 54
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Jack Lam]] || 2013–2022 || 44
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Sakaria Taulafo]] || 2009–2016 || 44
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Opeta Palepoi]] || 1998–2005 || 43
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Tusi Pisi]] || 2011–2019 || 42
|-
| 10 || [[Ofisa Treviranus]] || 2009–2018 || 42
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste toetswedstryde as kaptein<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?captain=1;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=matches;team=15;template=results;type=player |title=Total matches played as captain (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Toetswedstryde
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Semo Sititi]] || 2000–2007 || 39
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Pat Lam]] || 1995–1999 || 23
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[David Lemi]] || 2012–2017 || 21
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Peter Fatialofa]] || 1990–1995 || 16
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Michael Ala’alatoa]] * || 2019–2025 || 13
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Mahonri Schwalger]] || 2009–2011 || 13
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Theo McFarland]] * || 2024–2025 || 11
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Chris Vui]] || 2017–2023 || 11
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Jack Lam]] || 2018–2019 || {{0}}9
|-
| 10 || [[George Stowers]] || 2008–2009 || {{0}}7
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste punte aangeteken<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=points;team=15;template=results;type=player |title=Total points scored (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Punte
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Tusi Pisi]] || 2011–2019 || 245
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Earl Va’a]] || 1996–2003 || 174
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Silao Leaega]] || 1997–2002 || 145
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Brian Lima]] || 1991–2007 || 140
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Darren Kellett]] || 1993–1995 || 137
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Roger Warren]] || 2004–2008 || 119
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[D’Angelo Leuila]] * || 2016–2025 || 106
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Gavin Williams]] || 2007–2010 || 106
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Tanner Vili]] || 1999–2006 || {{0}}99
|-
| 10 || [[Alesana Tuilagi]] || 2002–2015 || {{0}}90
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste drieë gedruk<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=tries;team=15;template=results;type=player |title=Total tries scored (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Drieë
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Brian Lima]] || 1991–2007 || 29
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Alesana Tuilagi]] || 2002–2015 || 18
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Semo Sititi]] || 1999–2009 || 17
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Afato So’oalo]] || 1996–2001 || 16
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Lome Fa’atau]] || 2000–2007 || 14
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[To’o Vaega]] || 1986–2001 || 14
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[David Lemi]] || 2004–2017 || 13
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Ed Fidow]] || 2018–2023 || 12
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[George Leaupepe]] || 1995–2005 || 10
|-
| 10 || colspan=3 | Drie spelers met nege drieë elk
|}
|}
== Afrigters ==
{{dubbelbeeld|regs|Michael Jones September 2017.jpg|150|Bryan Williams 2018.jpg|150|Michael Jones (2017)|Bryan Williams (2018)}}
{{dubbelbeeld|regs|Scott Wisemantel MHR.JPG|150|Seilala Mapusua 2011.jpg|150|Scott Wisemantel (2016)|Seilala Mapusua (2011)}}
Samoa het in 1988 met Peter Schuster sy eerste afrigter benoem. Sedert 2025 dien die Samoaan Tusi Pisi as Samoaanse hoofafrigter.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Naam !! Tydperk
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Samoa}} Peter Schuster || 1988–1995
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Bryan Williams || 1996–1999
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} John Boe || 2000–2003
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Michael Jones || 2004–2007
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Samoa}} Niko Palamo || 2008–2009
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Samoa}} Titimaea Tafua || 2009–2011
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Australië}} Scott Wisemantel || 2011
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Samoa}} Stephen Betham || 2012–2015
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Alama Ieremia || 2016–2017
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Samoa}} Titimaea Tafua || 2017–2018
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Steve Jackson || 2018–2020
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Samoa}} Seilala Mapusua || 2020–2023
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Samoa}} Mahonri Schwalger || 2024–2025
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Samoa}} Tusi Pisi || sedert 2025
|}
== Sien ook ==
{{Portaal|Rugby|Ru ball.svg}}
* [[Samoaanse nasionale vrouerugbyspan]]
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|4}}
== Bronnelys ==
* {{en}} {{cite journal |author=Robert F. Dewey |title=Pacific Islands rugby: Navigating the global professional era |editor=Greg Ryan |work=The changing face of rugby: The Union game and professionalism since 1995 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |location=Newcastle |date=2008 |ISBN=978-1-84718-530-3}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=Richard Bath |title=The Complete Book of Rugby |publisher=Seven Oaks Ltd. |date=1997 |ISBN=1-86200-013-1}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=J. R. Jones |title=Encyclopedia of Rugby Union Football |publisher=Robert Hale |location=Londen |date=1976 |ISBN=0-7091-5394-5}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{CommonsKategorie|Samoa national rugby union team|Samoaanse nasionale rugbyspan}}
* {{en}} [http://www.manusamoa.com/ Amptelike webwerf van Rugby Samoa]
* {{en}} [https://www.world.rugby/organisation/membership/oceania/samoa Samoa by Wêreldrugby]
* {{en}} [https://www.planetrugby.com/team/samoa/ Samoa op Planet Rugby]
{{Nasionale rugbyspanne}}
{{Normdata}}
{{Voorbladster}}
[[Kategorie:Rugby in Samoa]]
[[Kategorie:Nasionale rugbyspanne van Oseanië]]
8sbvujl0kibkfl3it1q4cq19d4kn14l
Tongaanse nasionale rugbyspan
0
25117
2928744
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2026-08-21T21:45:41Z
SpesBona
2720
Verwysings vir toere en toernooie bygevoeg
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas Rugbyspan
| land = Tonga
| beeld = Kenteken van die Tongaanse nasionale rugbyspan.svg
| unie = [[Tongaanse Rugbyunie]] (TRU)
| bynaam = ''ʻIkale Tahi''
| embleem = die wit duif
| stadion = Teufaiva Sportstadion, [[Nukuʻalofa]]
| kapasiteit = 10 000
| kaptein = [[Ben Tameifuna]]
| afrigter = {{vlagikoon|Tonga}} [[Tevita Tu’ifua]] <small>(sedert 2024)</small>
| patroon_la1 = _tonga19h
| patroon_b1 = _tonga19h
| patroon_ra1 = _tonga19h
| patroon_sh1 =
| patroon_so1 =
| linkerarm1 = F70E0E
| liggaam1 = F70E0E0
| regterarm1 = F70E0E
| broek1 = FFFFFF
| kouse1 = F70E0E
| patroon_la2 = _tonga19a
| patroon_b2 = _tonga19a
| patroon_ra2 = _tonga19a
| patroon_sh2 =
| patroon_so2 =
| linkerarm2 = FFFFFF
| liggaam2 = FFFFFF
| regterarm2 = FFFFFF
| broek2 = F70E0E
| kouse2 = FFFFFF
| statistiek = Statistiek
| toetse = [[Sonatane Takulua]] (62)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=matches;team=16;template=results;type=player |title=Most matches |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
| toptoetspuntebehaler = [[Kurt Morath]] (340)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=points;team=16;template=results;type=player |title=Most points |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
| meestedrieë = [[Sonatane Takulua]] (18)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=tries;team=16;template=results;type=player |title=Most tries |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
| jongstespeler =
| eerste = {{TGAru}} 9–6 [[Fidjiaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Fidji]] {{vlagikoon|FIJ|koloniaal}}<br />([[Nukuʻalofa]], [[Tonga]]; 25 Augustus 1924)
| grootwen = {{TGAru}} 119–0 {{KORru-r}}<br />(Nukuʻalofa, Tonga; 22 Maart 2003)
| grootverloor = {{NZLru}} 102–0 {{TGAru-r}}<br />([[Auckland]], [[Nieu-Seeland]]; 16 Junie 2000)<br />{{NZLru}} 102–0 {{TGAru-r}}<br />(Auckland, Nieu-Seeland; 3 Julie 2021)
| Wêreldbekerverskynings = 9/10
| jaar = 1987
| beste = Eerste rondte, derde in groep [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995|1995]], [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999|1999]], [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]] en [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011|2011]]
| url =
| unieurl = www.tongarugbyunion.org
}}
Die '''Tongaanse nasionale rugbyspan''' ([[Engels]]: ''Tonga national rugby union team''; [[Tongaans]]: ''timi feohi ʻakapulu fakafonua ʻa Tonga'') is die nasionale [[rugby]]span wat [[Tonga]] in internasionale wedstryde (toetswedstryde) verteenwoordig. Rugby word in Tonga geadministreer deur die [[Tongaanse Rugbyunie]] (''Tonga Rugby Union'', TRU) wat in 1923 gestig is. Tonga word deur [[Wêreldrugby]] as ’n vlak twee-span erken. Tonga is tans (September 2025) 16de op Wêreldrugby se wêreldranglys gelys.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/rankings |title=Women’s and Men’s Rankings |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Die span neem deel aan die jaarlikse [[Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker]], saam met [[Fidjiaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Fidji]], [[Japannese nasionale rugbyspan|Japan]] en [[Samoaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Samoa]]. Tonga is ’n lid van die Stille Oseaan-eilande Rugbyalliansie (Engels: ''Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance''; ''PIRA''), saam met Fidji; Samoa was tot in 2009 ook ’n lid, maar hulle het hulself onttrek.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?view=article&id=10568%3Awe-quit&option=com_content&Itemid=53 |title=We quit: SRU |publisher=Samoa Observer |accessdate=20 Februarie 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220102824/http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?view=article&id=10568%3Awe-quit&option=com_content&Itemid=53 |archive-date=20 Februarie 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Tonga het in 1924 sy eerste internasionale wedstryd teen Fidji gespeel. Tonga, Fidji en Samoa speel gereeld teen mekaar in toernooie soos die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker (tot in 2005 Stille Oseaan-drienasies), waarin Tonga tot dusver een titel gewen het. Tonga se bynaam is ''ʻIkale Tahi'' (Tongaans vir: “seearend”). Die Sipi Tau-oorlogsdans word voor elke toetswedstryd deur die Tongaanse span uitgevoer. Die oorlogsdans dateer uit die land se oorloë met naburige eilande.<ref name="history">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.teivovo.com/history/index.html |title=Rugby History in Fiji |publisher=Teivovo |accessdate=14 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114224240/http://www.teivovo.com/history/ |archive-date=14 November 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Tonga het tot dusver vir nege van die tien [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooie gekwalifiseer en slegs die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991]] in die destydse [[Sesnasies-toernooi|Vyfnasies]] misgeloop. Hul beste prestasie tot dusver was die derde plek in hulle groepe in onderskeidelik [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995|1995]], [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999|1999]], [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]] en [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011|2011]]. Tonga speel tradisioneel in rooi truie met wit kleuraksente, wit broeke en rooi sokkies – wat aan die kleure van die [[vlag van Tonga]] ontleen is.
== Beheerliggaam ==
{{Hoofartikel|Tongaanse Rugbyunie}}
Die beheerliggaam vir rugby in Tonga is die Tongaanse Rugbyunie (Engels: ''Tonga Rugby Union'', TRU). Die Tongaanse Rugbyunie is in 1923 gestig en het in 1987, net voor die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|eerste rugbywêreldbekertoernooi]], ’n volle lid van die Internasionale Rugbyvoetbalraad (IRVR; nou [[Wêreldrugby]]) geword.<ref name="Wêreldrugby">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/organisation/membership/oceania/tonga |title=Tonga |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Daarbenewens het die Tongaanse Rugbyunie in 2000 ’n stigterslid van die Vereniging van Oseaniese Rugbyunies (''Federation of Oceania Rugby Unions'', FORU; nou [[Oseanië Rugby]], OR) geword.<ref name="islands">{{en}} {{cite journal |author=Robert F. Dewey |title=Rugby Union Football, Pacific Islands |editor=John Nauright, Charles Parrish |work=Sports around the world: History, culture and practice |edition=1 |publisher=ABC-Clio |location=Santa Barbara |year=2012 |ISBN=978-1-59884-300-2 |pages=445–447}}</ref>
Naas die amptelike nasionale span roep die Tongaanse Rugbyunie ook ander keurspanne byeen. ''Tonga A'' is die tweede nasionale span van Tonga en hulle neem aan Wêreldrugby se Stille Oseaan-uitdaagtoernooi deel. Die ''Tonga Sevens'' is die Tongaanse [[sewesrugby]]span en hulle neem aan internasionale toernooie soos Wêreldrugby se Sewesreeks, Sewesrugbywêreldbeker, [[Olimpiese Somerspele]] en die [[Statebondspele]] deel. Net soos ander rugbylande beskik Tonga oor ’n o/20-nasionale span wat aan die [[Wêreldrugby o/20-kampioenskap]] deelneem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/tournaments/u20/championship |title=World Rugby U20 Championship |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Kinders en jongmense word reeds op skool aan rugby bekend gestel en na gelang van hul belangstelling en talent begin hulle met hul afrigting.
As deel van die Stille Oseaan-eilande Rugbyalliansie het die beheerliggaam van 2004 wedstryde gereël van die Stille Oseaan-eilanders, ’n gemeensame keurspan van die drie Stille Oseaan-[[Eilandstaat|eilandstate]] [[Fidji]], [[Samoa]] en Tonga. Aangesien die Stille Oseaan-eilanders nie die gewenste inkomste vir die beheerliggame gegenereer het nie, het die Samoaanse beheerliggaam dié samewerking in 2009 beëindig.<ref name="Samoa quits">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.planetrugby.com/story/0,25883,16024_5437460,00.html |title=Samoa quits Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance |publisher=Planet Rugby |date=17 Julie 2009 |accessdate=21 Julie 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721003642/http://www.planetrugby.com/story/0,25883,16024_5437460,00.html |archive-date=21 Julie 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Sedert 2022 word die [[Stille Oseaan]]-eilande (feitlik die Cookeilande, Fidji, Samoa en Tonga) in die internasionale [[Superrugby]]toernooi verteenwoordig deur die gesamentlike professionele span Moana Pasifika, wat aan dié toernooi deelneem saam met spanne uit Australië, Nieu-Seeland en een uit Fidji.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.sarugbymag.co.za/super-rugby-set-twelve-2022/ |title=Reports: Agreement reached for 12-team Super Rugby from 2022 |publisher=SA Rugby Magazine |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
== Algemene situasie ==
Tonga is een van die min lande waar rugby die hoofsport is. Slegs die [[Cookeilande]], [[Fidji]], [[Nieu-Seeland]], [[Samoa]] en [[Wallis]] kan soortgelyke bewerings maak.<ref name="history" /> Met ’n bevolking van sowat 100 000 is die keuring van talentvolle spelers in vergelyking met ander lande baie klein, maar Tonga behoort konstant aan die 15 beste spanne wêreldwyd en hulle is redelik mededingend. Dié land ly egter onder ’n groot uitvloei aan talent, aangesien baie spelers in die professionele ligas in [[Australië]], [[Nieu-Seeland]], [[Europa]] of [[Japan]] speel en deur die onderskeie land ingeburger word. Volgens [[Wêreldrugby]] se reëls is ’n tydperk van vyf jaar ononderbroke blyplek genoeg om vir die nasionale span van ’n ander land uit te draf (tot aan die einde van 2020 was dit slegs drie jaar).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/39868065 |title=World Rugby raises international eligibility period from three to five years |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=10 Mei 2017 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Van die bekendste spelers met ’n Tongaanse herkoms is [[Israel Folau]], [[Toutai Kefu]], [[Sekope Kepu]], [[Viliami Ofahengaue]], [[Wycliff Palu]] en [[George Smith (rugbyspeler)|George Smith]] (vir [[Wallabies|Australië]]), [[Doug Howlett]] en [[Jonah Lomu]] (vir [[All Blacks|Nieu-Seeland]]), [[Billy Vunipola|Billy]] en [[Mako Vunipola]] (vir [[Engelse nasionale rugbyspan|Engeland]]) asook [[Taulupe Faletau]] (vir [[Walliese nasionale rugbyspan|Wallis]]). Met ’n bevolking van ’n rapsie meer as ’n 100 000 is Tonga die kleinste land wat gereeld aan rugbywêreldbekertoernooie deelneem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.americasrugbynews.com/2023/09/12/rugby-world-cup-2023-country-populations/ |title=Rugby World Cup 2023 – Country Populations |publisher=Americas Rugby News |date=12 September 2023 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Die Stille Oseaan-eilandstate se beheerliggame is nie sterk genoeg om hierdie uitvloei aan talent stop te sit nie. Soms word die sistematiese stropery in ’n ironiese manier met die 19de eeuse ''Blackbirding'' vergelyk.<ref name="gain">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.northweststar.com.au/story/937123/pacifics-brawn-drain-is-world-rugbys-gain/ |title=Pacific's brawn drain is world rugby's gain |publisher=North West Star |date=7 Oktober 2011 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tongane, wat hul eie land verteenwoordig, kan nie altyd vir hul nasionale span verskyn nie, aangesien veral Engelse klubs huiwerig is om spelers vir toetswedstryde beskikbaar te stel. Die professionele span [[Moana Pasifika]], wat sedert 2022 aan die internasionale toernooi [[Superrugby]] deelneem, sal as ’n oplossing dien. In dié span, wat in die Nieu-Seelandse stad [[Auckland]] gesetel is, speel Tongane saam met Samoane en Nieu-Seelanders met ’n [[Polinesië|Polinesiese]] herkoms; dié span streef ’n verkieslik “Stille Oseaan”-karakter na.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/next-steps-in-pacific-island-professional-teams-journey-confirmed-by-nz-rugby/ |title=Next steps in Pacific Island professional teams' journey confirmed by NZ Rugby |publisher=[[All Blacks]] |date=14 April 2021 |accessdate=5 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205120957/https://www.allblacks.com/news/next-steps-in-pacific-island-professional-teams-journey-confirmed-by-nz-rugby/ |archive-date=5 Februarie 2024 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
== Geskiedenis ==
=== Invoering en vestiging van rugby ===
’n Tradisionele Tongaanse sportsoort, en los verwant aan rugby, was Kasivaki. Die speelveld was in ’n baai tussen twee [[koraal]]rotse geleë en twee spanne het onder water probeer om ’n 35 kg swaar ovale steen na die rots aan die oorkant te beweeg. Die spelers het Kasivaki uitgeoefen ter vermaak van persone in die hoërklas, om hul vaardighede, hul sterktes en vegkrag in die water te vertoon. Soms het spelers verdrink en derhalwe het koning [[George Tupou I]] dié spel in die 19de eeu verbied.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/programmes/champions-of-the-pacific/audio/2018815129/kasivaki-tonga-s-ancient-version-of-rugby |title=Kasivaki: Tonga's ancient version of rugby |publisher=Radio New Zealand |date=6 Oktober 2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Nadat Tonga in 1900 ’n Britse protektoraat geword het, het seelui en sendelinge die rugbysport ingevoer. Tongaanse adellikes wat rugby tydens hul studies aan die vername [[Newington College]] in [[Sydney]] leer ken het, was ook by die invoering van dié sport in Tonga betrokke. Reeds in 1909 was rugby deel van die kurrikulum aan die twee leidende skole in die land, die Tupou College en die Tonga College.<ref name="islands" /> Rugby het vinnig die by verre gewildste sportsoort geword en is deur groot dele van die bevolking goed ontvang. Volgens Robert F. Dewey, ’n historikus aan die DePauw-universiteit, was rugby destyds ’n belangrike manier om die plaaslike trots en strydlustige manlikheid uit te druk. Nadat baie tradisionele rituele gedurende die koloniale tydperk verdwyn het, was rugby ’n goeie plaasvervanger vir die uitvoering van ou konflikte. Buitendien was die atletiese vaardighede van die inheemse spelers glo heel geskik vir die rugbyspel. ’n Soortgelyke ontwikkeling het in twee ander Stille Oseaan-eilandstate plaasgevind: [[Fidji]] en [[Samoa]].<ref name="gain" />
=== Die nasionale span se eerste jare ===
In 1923 is die Tongaanse Rugbyvoetbalunie (Engels: ''Tonga Rugby Football Union'', die huidige [[Tongaanse Rugbyunie]] (TRU) gestig en die volgende jaar het dié beheerliggaam vir die eerste keer ’n nasionale span saamgestel. Die eerste toetswedstryd op 25 Augustus in die hoofstad [[Nukuʻalofa]] teen [[Fidjiaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Fidji]] tydens ’n toer van nege wedstryde het die Tongane met 9–6 gewen, die tweede is met 3–14 verloor en in die derde het hulle met 0–0 gelykop gespeel.<ref name="history" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/49 |title=1924 Fiji tour to Western Samoa and Tonga |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Einde Julie 1926 het Tonga vir die eerste keer Fidji en [[Samoaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Wes-Samoa]] besoek.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/53 |title=1926 Tonga tour to Fiji and Western Samoa |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> In 1928 en 1932 het die Tongane weer die Stille Oseaan-buur Wes-Samoa besoek; met uitsondering van die jaar 1930 het Fidji en Tonga tussen 1924 en 1934 al om die twee jaar ’n toetsreeks van drie wedstryde teen mekaar gespeel, waarby meestal die Fidjiane geseëvier het.
Die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]] het ’n meerjarige onderbreking van die internasionale speelprogram tot gevolg gehad. In 1947 het Tonga weer na Fidji en Wes-Samoa getoer. Terwyl hulle albei toetswedstryde in Fidji gewen het, het hulle hul eerste nederlaag teen Wes-Samoa gely.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/96 |title=1947 Tonga tour to Fiji and Western Samoa |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Ná dié toer het die nasionale span veral om finansiële redes ’n verdere onderbreking van nege jaar gehad. Terwyl die Samoane Tonga in 1956 besoek het, het die Tongane in 1957 Wes-Samoa besoek. Tonga het tydens albei toere onoorwonne gebly.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/128 |title=1956 Western Samoa tour to Tonga |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/138 |title=1957 Tonga tour to Western Samoa |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tydens die 1958-besoek vir drie toetswedstryde deur die Fidjiane het hulle egter twee nederlae gely.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/145 |title=1958 Fiji tour to Tonga |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tot op daardie stadium was die internasionale kontakte op die onmiddellike Stille Oseaan-bure beperk. Dit het in 1960 verander, toe die Nieu-Seelandse Maori Nukuʻalofa besoek en met 16–27 verloor het; dit was die [[Maori]] se keurspan se enigste nederlaag tydens hul Oseaniese toer van nege wedstryde.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/154 |title=1960 New Zealand Maori tour to Western Samoa and Tonga |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Aan die eerste Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele 1963 in die Fidjiaanse hoofstad [[Suva]] het die Tongane deelgeneem. Met twee oorwinnings oor Wes-Samoa en twee nederlae teen Fidji het hulle in die tweede plek geëindig en sodoende die silwermedalje ingepalm.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/189?Stagione=1963 |title=1963 South Pacific Games |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> In 1967 het hulle Fidji verwelkom en een jaar later het die teenbesoek plaasgevind; Fidji het albei toere van drie wedstryde elk beklink.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/187 |title=1967 Fiji tour to Tonga |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/194 |title=1968 Tonga tour to Fiji |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> In Augustus en September 1969 het die Tongane [[Nieu-Seeland]] vir die eerste keer besoek. Terwyl hulle nie toegelaat is om teen die [[All Blacks]] te speel nie het hulle in drie toetswedstryde teen die Nieu-Seelandse Maori te staan gekom, waarvan hulle twee gewen het. Van die ander agt wedstryde teen plaaslike keurspanne het hulle drie gewen en in een gelykop gespeel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/tour/198 |title=1969 Tonga tour to New Zealand |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
=== Toenemende internasionale kontakte ===
Ná ’n verdere onderbreking van drie jaar het die Tongane in Mei en Junie 1972 Wes-Samoa besoek en al vier die toetswedstryde gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/223 |title=1972 Tonga tour to Western Samoa |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> ’n Jaar later het hulle hul eerste toer na [[Australië]] onderneem. Binne-in vyf weke het hulle in tien wedstryde gespeel. Op 11 Junie het Tonga in sy derde wedstryd in [[Sydney]] ’n verrassing behaal, toe hulle ’n hoogs aangeslane en sterbesaaide span van die stadbeheerliggaam Sydney Rugbyunie met 19–14 geklop het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110714091?browse=ndp%3Abrowse%2Ftitle%2FC%2Ftitle%2F11%2F1973%2F06%2F12%2Fpage%2F12210051%2Farticle%2F110714091 |title=Humiliation for Sydney in union |publisher=The Canberra Times |pages=26 |date=12 Junie 1973 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Op 23 Junie het hulle ook in Sydney in hul eerste toetswedstryd teen die [[Wallabies]] te staan gekom, maar hulle is deur die gasheer oorheers en met 30–12 verslaan. Sewe dae later het die Tongane in die tweede toetswedstryd in [[Brisbane]] ’n verrassende 16–11-oorwinning aangeteken, hul eerste teen een van die “groot” rugbylande. Die burgemeester van Brisbane het spontaan aangebied die span se verblyfkoste te betaal om ’n derde toetswedstryd moontlik te maak. Dit het egter nie gebeur nie, aangesien hulle op pad huis toe ’n wedstryd in Fidji gespeel het (waar hulle ’n nederlaag gely het).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110735708?browse=ndp%3Abrowse%2Ftitle%2FC%2Ftitle%2F11%2F1973%2F07%2F02%2Fpage%2F12210501%2Farticle%2F110735708 |title=Unorthodox Tonga in Test victory |publisher=The Canberra Times |pages=13 |date=2 Julie 1973 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
In September en Oktober 1975 het Tonga sy eerste toer buite Oseanië aangepak. Dit het elf wedstryde in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] en [[Kanada]] behels. Hulle het teen Britse plaaslike keurspanne slegs een oorwinning aangeteken. Albei wedstryde teen die nasionale spanne van [[Walliese nasionale rugbyspan|Wallis]] en [[Skotse nasionale rugbyspan|Skotland]] is nie as toetswedstryde erken nie en het in swak nederlae geëindig. Die eerste wedstryd teen die [[Kanadese nasionale rugbyspan|Kanadese nasionale span]] in [[Vancouver]], wat in ’n maklike 40–14-oorwinning geëindig het, is wél as ’n toetswedstryd erken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/tour/251 |title=1974 Tonga tour to British Isles and Canada |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Die volgende langer toer het van Junie tot Augustus 1975 plaasgevind. Dit het in Wes-Samoa begin, waar hulle in vier toetswedstryde gespeel het. Twee het in nederlae geëindig; dit was die eerste nederlae teen dié span in amper drie dekades. Aansluitend het Tonga Nieu-Seeland besoek, waar hulle in nog twaalf wedstryde gespeel het. Onder andere is die twee toetswedstryde teen die Nieu-Seelandse Maori verloor. In die ander tien wedstryde teen plaaslike spanne het Tonga agt oorwinnings aangeteken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/tour/258 |title=1975 Tonga tour to Western Samoa and New Zealand |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tydens die Fidjiaanse toer in 1977 het hulle in al drie toetswedstryde nederlae gely, ook die wenrekord teen plaaslike spanne was negatief.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/tour/301 |title=1977 Tonga tour to Fiji |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Tydens die Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele 1979 in Suva het Tonga in die groepfase Wes-Samoa, die [[Salomonseilande]] en [[Tahiti]] geklop. Ná ’n maklike 58–3-oorwinning in die halfeindstryd teen [[Nieu-Kaledonië]] het die Tongane in die eindstryd Fidji ontmoet. Hulle het dié wedstryd naelskraap met 6–3 gewen en sodoende die goue medalje ingepalm, tot op hede hul beste prestasie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/189?Stagione=1979 |title=1979 South Pacific Games |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> In 1982 het die nuwe, jaarlikse Stille Oseaan-drienasiestoernooi gereelde wedstryde aan die drie voorste Stille Oseaan-rugbylande besorg en die vorige ongereelde wedersydse toere vervang. Die eerste drie toernooie het Tonga in die derde (en dus laaste) plek geëindig.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=1982 |title=1982 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=1983 |title=1983 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=1984 |title=1984 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tydens die Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele 1983 in Apia het hul titelverdediging misluk. In die groepfase het Tonga [[Amerikaans-Samoa]], die [[Cookeilande]], [[Papoea-Nieu-Guinee]] en [[Tokelau]] geklop, maar hulle is deur die gasheer Wes-Samoa verslaan. Ook in die halfeindstryd is hulle deur Fidji geklop. Tonga het in die klein finale om die derde plek met 70–0 teen Nieu-Kaledonië gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/189?Stagione=1983 |title=1983 South Pacific Games |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
In Junie 1986 het die [[Walliese nasionale rugbyspan|Walliese nasionale span]] deur die Suidelike Stille Oseaan getoer en die eerste span van buite Oseanië geword om teen Tonga te speel. Die toetswedstryd het die Tongane naelskraap met 7–15 verloor. ’n Massageveg het vroeg in dié wedstryd uitgebreek waarby byna al die spelers betrokke was. Tydens ’n onthaal ná die wedstryd is die Walliese kaptein, [[Phil Davies]], gevra om ’n paar woorde in [[Wallies]] aan die versameldes te rig. Met ’n rustige stemtoon het hy onder andere gesê: “Dit is die ergste plek waar ek ooit was. Ek is bly ek kom hier weg en wil nooit weer hierheen kom nie. Julle is die vuilste span teen wie ek ooit gespeel het” – wat die Tongane natuurlik nie verstaan het nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/rugby/rugby-news/wales-tonga-rugby-tevita-bloomfield-13054830 |title=The day Wales' hardest rugby players were left sprawled on the floor and running for safety |publisher=Wales Online |date=16 November 2018 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Sowat ’n maand later het Tonga die Stille Oseaan-drienasiestoernooi 1986 beklink; dit was die enigste titeloorwinning in die beheerliggaam se geskiedenis.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=1986 |title=1986 Pacific Tri-Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
=== Eerste deelnames aan rugbywêreldbekertoernooie ===
Weens hul voortgesette goeie prestasies teen sterker geagte spanne was Tonga in 1987 een van die 16 lande wat deur die Internasionale Rugbyvoetbalraad (IRVR; nou [[Wêreldrugby]]) uitgenooi is om aan die eerste [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooi in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]] in [[Australië]] en [[Nieu-Seeland]] deel te neem. Daarmee het gepaard gegaan die Tongaanse beheerliggaam se aansluiting by die voorheen redelik eksklusiewe IRVR, waarvolgens amper alle wedstryde met die tradisionele rugbylande as toetswedstryde erken is.<ref name="Wêreldrugby" /> Tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker het Tonga al sy drie groepwedstryde teen Kanada (met 4–37), Wallis (met 16–29) en [[Ierse nasionale rugbyspan|Ierland]] (met 9–32) verloor. Vervolgens het Tonga Groep 2 in die laaste plek afgesluit.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1987/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1987: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Ook tydens die twee daaropvolgende Stille Oseaan-drienasies het hulle geen oorwinning aangeteken nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=1987 |title=1987 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=1988 |title=1988 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> In April 1990 het die Tongane in [[Tokio]] aan ’n toernooi deelgeneem wat as wêreldbekerkwalifisering gedien het. Hulle het teen [[Japannese nasionale rugbyspan|Japan]] met 16–28 en teen Wes-Samoa met 3–12 verloor. Ten spyte van hul 45–22-oorwinning oor [[Koreaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Korea]] het hulle die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991]] misgeloop – tot op hede die enigste toernooi.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/175?Stagione=1991 |title=1991 Rugby World Cup – Asia/Oceania qualifiers |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Tydens die Stille Oseaan-drienasies 1992 het Tonga sy eerste oorwinning in dié toernooi in ses jaar aangeteken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=1992 |title=1992 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Die Stille Oseaan-drienasies 1993 het ook as wêreldbekerkwalifisering gedien. Gedurende die uitspeelwedstryde wat uit ’n tuis- en wegwedstryd teen Fidji bestaan het, het hulle met ’n totale telling van 34–26 vir die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995]] in [[Suid-Afrika]] gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/175?Stagione=1995 |title=1995 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualifiers |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tussen albei kwalifiseringwedstryde het die Tongane vir twee weke deur Australië getoer. Onder andere het hulle vir die eerste keer in twintig jaar teen die Wallabies te staan gekom en het met 52–14 swak verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/567 |title=1993 Tonga tour to Australia |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tydens hul 1995-toer na Japan in Februarie het die Tongane albei toetswedstryde maklik gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/605 |title=1995 Tonga tour to Japan |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995]] in [[Suid-Afrika]] het Tonga teen [[Franse nasionale rugbyspan|Frankryk]] en Skotland te staan gekom en swak nederlae met onderskeidelik 10–38 en 5–41 gely. In die laaste groepwedstryd, wat nie meer beslissend was nie, het hulle hul eerste rugbywêreldbekeroorwinning aangeteken, toe die [[Ivoriaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Ivoorkus]] met 29–11 verslaan is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1995/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1995: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> ’n Tragiese ongeluk van die Ivoriaanse speler [[Max Brito]] het dié wedstryd oorskadu: In die derde speelminuut het hy ná ’n duikslag op die grond geval, ’n aantal spelers het op hom beland en hy het bewusteloos bly lê. Hy is dadelik na ’n hospitaal geneem waar sy lewe gered is. Hy het egter van die nek af verlam gebly en was sedertdien aan ’n rolstoel gekluister.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.the42.ie/tragic-tale-max-brito-ivorian-paralysed-1995-world-cup-2332744-Sep2015/ |title=The tragic tale of Max Brito – the Ivorian player paralysed at the 1995 Rugby World Cup |publisher=The 42 |date=17 September 2015 |accessdate=28 Junie 2026}}</ref> Brito is in Desember 2022 dood sonder dat hy van die ongeluk kon herstel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbypass.com/news/max-brito-who-was-paralysed-at-the-1995-rugby-world-cup-has-died/ |title=Max Brito, who was paralysed at the 1995 Rugby World Cup, has died |publisher=Rugbypass |date=20 Desember 2022 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
=== Gevolge van professionalisering ===
Nadat die IRVR in Augustus 1995 al die beperkinge rakende die spelersbetaling opgehef en daarmee die professionele tydperk van die rugbyspel ingelui het, was dit vir Tonga en die ander Stille Oseaan-eilandstate terselfdertyd vloek én seën. Aan die een kant kon die nasionale span professionele spelers insluit wat oorwegend by klubs in Nieu-Seeland, Australië, Europa en Japan gespeel het. Aan die ander kant het die beheerliggaam altyd met die risiko gesit dat hierdie spelers meer as drie jaar oorsee gebly het en volgens die IRVR se woonplekreël deur die onderskeie beheerliggame gekeur kon word, waarvolgens hulle nie meer vir die nasionale span beskikbaar was nie. Buitendien het die finansieel sterk mededingers die reeds min mededingende plaaslike amateurliga erg verswak.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Richard Bath |title=The Complete Book of Rugby |publisher=Seven Oaks Ltd. |date=1997 |ISBN=1-86200-013-1 |pages=67}}</ref> Buitendien bestaan – nog duideliker as in Fidji en Samoa – ’n groot ekonomiese afhanklikheid van terugoorplasings deur rugbyspelers wat tydelik of permanent migreer het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.therugbyjournal.com/rugby-blog/the-future-of-pacific-islands-rugby |title=The future of Pacific Islands rugby |publisher=The Rugby Journal |author=Dan Leo |date=29 Augustus 2019 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Die Tongane het gedurende Mei en Junie 1997 deur [[Suider-Afrika]] getoer. Onder andere het hulle een toetswedstryd elk teen [[Zimbabwiese nasionale rugbyspan|Zimbabwe]] en [[Namibiese nasionale rugbyspan|Namibië]] gespeel en albei gewen. In hul eerste toetswedstryd teen die Suid-Afrikaanse [[Springbokke]], die destydse wêreldkampioen, het hulle in [[Kaapstad]] egter met 10–74 ’n swak nederlaag gely.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/642 |title=1997 Tonga tour to southern Africa |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Die Oseaniese rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering is in September 1998 in Australië aangebied. Tonga is naelskraap deur Fidji en Samoa geklop en swak deur Australië. Aangesien die span tydens dié toernooi in die laaste plek geëindig en die regstreekse kwalifisering misgeloop het, moes hulle in Maart 1999 twee uitspeelwedstryde teen [[Georgiese nasionale rugbyspan|Georgië]] speel en Tonga het met ’n totale telling van 64–34 geseëvier. Aansluitend het hulle met twee maklike oorwinnings oor Korea en ’n totale telling van 140–41 vir die hooftoernooi gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/175?Stagione=1999 |title=1999 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualifiers |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Gedurende somer 1999 het Tonga vir die eerste keer deelgeneem aan die Stille Oseaanrand Rugbykampioenskap, ’n toernooi vir die spanne in en rondom die [[Stille Oseaan]], en die vyfde plek onder ses deelnemers beklee.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/177?Stagione=1999 |title=1999 Pacific Rim |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> In voorbereiding op die rugbywêreldbekertoernooi het Tonga in Junie 1999 Frankryk verwelkom en ’n verrassende 20–16-oorwinning behaal.<ref>{{fr}} {{cite web |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1999/06/17/les-robustes-gaillards-du-royaume-du-tonga-infligent-une-lecon-au-xv-de-france_3552327_1819218.html |title=Les robustes gaillards du royaume du Tonga infligent une leçon au XV de France |publisher=[[Le Monde]] |author=Éric Collier |date=17 Junie 1999 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Vier maande later is die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999]] in die destydse [[Sesnasies-toernooi|Vyfnasies]] aangebied. Hul eerste wedstryd teen die All Blacks het die Tongane soos verwag verloor (met 9–45). In die tweede groepwedstryd het hulle ’n naelskraapse 28–25-oorwinning oor [[Italiaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Italië]] aangeteken. Aansluitend is hulle deur [[Engelse nasionale rugbyspan|Engeland]] maklik met 10–101 verslaan, waarvolgens hulle in die derde plek geëindig het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1999/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1999: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
=== Die nuwe millennium ===
[[Lêer:Japan v Tonga at Kitakyushu.JPG|duimnael|Tonga teen Japan op Honjo-stadion in Kitakyushu, Japan, op 4 Junie 2006]]
[[Lêer:Coupe du monde. USA-Tonga.2.JPG|duimnael|Tonga teen die [[Verenigde State se nasionale rugbyspan|Verenigde State]] tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007]] in Frankryk]]
Tydens die Stille Oseaanrand Rugbykampioenskap 2000 het Tonga die derde plek onder ses deelnemers beklee.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/177?Stagione=2000 |title=2000 Pacific Rim |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tussen die twee rondtes by dié toernooi het die Tongane op 16 Junie weg teen Nieu-Seeland gespeel en hulle is met 0–102 oorrompel, hul ergste nederlaag in dié tyd.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com.au/rugby/story/_/id/15345450/all-blacks-hit-tonga-hundred |title=All Blacks hit Tonga for a hundred |publisher=ESPNscrum |date=16 Junie 2000 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> As gevolg van die wêreldwyd toenemende professionalisering en die afnemende beskikbaarheid van spelers het die tradisionele rugbytoere uit die amateurtydperk eindelik verdwyn. Die Tongane het in November 2001 hul laaste, kort toer deur die Verenigde Koninkryk aangepak, maar vier nederlae gely, onder andere teen die Skotse en Walliese nasionale spanne.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/724 |title=2001 Tonga tour to Scotland and Wales |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Die oorsese toere volgens die ou tradisie is veral met die midjaarrugbytoetsreeks en die eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks met ’n vaste skedule vervang. Nadat die Tongane tydens die Stille Oseaan-drienasies 2002 die regstreekse rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering versuim het, het hulle nog ’n probeerslag benodig.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=2002 |title=2002 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> In Oktober en November 2002 het hulle albei wedstryde teen Papoea-Nieu-Guinee maklik gewen, met ’n totale telling van 131–26. In Maart 2003 het Tonga in die beslissende uitspeelwedstryde die Asiatiese verteenwoordiger Korea selfs meer oorheers en hulle met ’n totale telling van 194–0 oorrompel. Hul 119–0-oorwinning in die tweede wegwedstryd in [[Seoel]] is die hoogste in dié tyd in die Tongaanse rugbygeskiedenis.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/176?Stagione=2003 |title=2003 Rugby World Cup – Qualifiers repechage |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003]] in Australië het egter teleurstellend verloop. Ná nederlae teen Italië (met 12–36), Wallis (met 20–27), Nieu-Seeland (met 7–91) en Kanada (met 7–24) het Tonga die laaste plek in sy groep beklee.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2003/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2003: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
In 2002 was die Tongaanse Rugbyunie een van die stigterslede van die Stille Oseaan-eilande Rugbyalliansie wat die doelwit gehad het om die samewerking tussen die Stille Oseaan-rugbylande te verbeter. In 2004 het die lede die gesamentlike keurspan Stille Oseaan-eilanders byeengeroep, wat volgens die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus]] se voorbeeld al om die twee jaar pleks van die onderskeidelike nasionale span ’n aantal toetswedstryde teen die vername rugbylande gespeel het. Op mediumtermyn sou dié span homself vir ’n moontlike uitbreiding van die [[Superrugby|Super 12]] of die [[Die Rugbykampioenskap|Drienasiesreeks]] beskikbaar stel.<ref name="islands" /> In altesaam elf wedstryde het hulle agt nederlae gely en drie oorwinnings aangeteken. In 2009 het die Samoaanse beheerliggaam die alliansie verlaat, aangesien hulle glo naas die sportiewe ook nie in die finansiële doelwitte geslaag het nie. Sedertdien het die Stille Oseaan-eilanders ondanks verskeie herlewingspogings nie meer byeengekom nie.<ref name="Samoa quits" /> Net soos die ander Stille Oseaan-rugbylande het Tonga toenemend gebuk gegaan onder die feit dat die beste spelers kontrakte by oorsese klubs onderteken het en vervolgens van hul onderskeie klubs afhanklik was. Dit en ander nadele het daartoe gelei dat die beheerliggame van Tonga, Fidji en Samoa in 2000 die kontinentale beheerliggaam Vereniging van Oseaniese Rugbyunies (''Federation of Oceania Rugby Unions'', FORU; nou [[Oseanië Rugby]], OR) van stapel gestuur het.<ref name="islands" /> Die FORU het vir ’n medebeslissingsreg by die IRR se uitvoerende raad aangeklop en dit is in 2004 toegestaan. Die meer as ’n dosyn lede moet egter twee setels deel en word dus steeds erg benadeel teenoor die “groot” rugbylande.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal |author=Robert F. Dewey |title=Pacific Islands rugby: Navigating the global professional era |editor=Greg Ryan |work=The changing face of rugby: The Union game and professionalism since 1995 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |location=Newcastle |date=2008 |ISBN=978-1-84718-530-3 |pages=95–97}}</ref>
In 2006 is die vorige Stille Oseaan-drienasies met die nuwe [[Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker]] vervang. Die eerste toernooi (aanvanklik Stille Oseaan-vyfnasies genoem) het Tonga in die vierde plek onder vyf deelnemers afgesluit.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/8?Stagione=2006 |title=2006 Pacific Nations Cup |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tydens die daaropvolgende rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering het Tonga weer teen maklike spanne te staan gekom. Met twee maklike oorwinnings oor die Cookeilande in Junie en Julie 2006 het hulle tot die uitspeelwedstryd teen die Asiatiese verteenwoordiger gevorder. Hulle het weer teen Korea te staan gekom en hulle in Februarie 2007 met 83–3 geklop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/176?Stagione=2007 |title=2007 Rugby World Cup – Qualifiers repechage |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007]] in Frankryk is tot op hede die suksesvolste in dié tyd in die Tongaanse rugbygeskiedenis. In die eerste wedstryd het hulle die [[Verenigde State se nasionale rugbyspan|Verenigde State]] met 25–15 geklop, maar hul 19–15-oorwinning oor die aartsvyand Samoa was selfs nog belangriker. Ná dié twee oorwinnings het Tonga teen die twee moeilikste spanne in hul groep te staan gekom. In albei wedstryde teen die Suid-Afrikaanse [[Springbokke]] (met 25–30) en Engeland (met 20–36) was die Tongane amper mededingend en het die gunstelinge byna verslaan. Veral hul naelskraapse uitslag teen die latere wêreldkampioen Suid-Afrika het heelwat opskudding veroorsaak. Tonga het sy groep in die derde plek afgesluit, waardeur hulle regstreeks vir die volgende rugbywêreldbekertoernooi gekwalifiseer het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2007/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2007: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Tydens die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker 2009 is vir ’n lang tydperk die laaste wedstryde in Nukuʻalofa gespeel, aangesien die Teufaiva Sportstadion in só ’n mate vervalle was, dat dit nie langer vir wedstryde geskik was nie. Die staat het nie die geld vir die dringend nodige opknapping gehad nie en in die hele Tonga was geen gelykwaardige plaasvervanger beskikbaar nie, waarvolgens vir die volgende jare al die tuiswedstryde in die buiteland gespeel moes word (hoofsaaklik in Nieu-Seeland en Fidji).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/322289/tonga-expected-to-announce-stadium-deal-next-week |title=Tonga expected to announce stadium deal next week |publisher=Radio New Zealand |date=14 Januarie 2017 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tydens die eindjaarrugbytoetsreekse het hulle verskeie kere op neutrale grond in Europa teen die Verenigde State gespeel, aangesien beide spanne daar talle spelers kon gebruik.
=== Geleidelike suksesse ===
[[Lêer:Match NZ-Tonga.JPG|duimnael|Die [[All Blacks]] verdedig op hul doellyn teen Tonga tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]] in Nieu-Seeland]]
[[Lêer:France vs Tonga 2011 RWC (4).jpg|duimnael|Tonga (in rooi) teen [[Franse nasionale rugbyspan|Frankryk]] tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]]]]
[[Lêer:Tonga NT 2015 RWC New Zealand.jpg|duimnael|Tonga voor hul wedstryd teen Nieu-Seeland tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015]] in Engeland]]
[[Lêer:Elkano Cup Tonga 20-17 USA.jpg|duimnael|Tonga teen die Verenigde State tydens die Elkanobeker in 2016]]
Ten spyte van die omstandighede kon die Tongane steeds redelik goed tred hou en hulle was soms in staat om vir die een of ander verrassing te sorg. Tydens die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker 2011 het Tonga die eerste plek beklee, maar hulle is ná hul naelskraapse 27–28-nederlaag teen die Japanners van hul toernooititel ontneem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.irb.com/pacificnationscup/archive/tcode=10611/season=2011/overview.html |title=2011: Japan claim first PNC crown |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |date=2011 |accessdate=23 Junie 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623153237/http://www.irb.com/pacificnationscup/archive/tcode=10611/season=2011/overview.html |archive-date=23 Junie 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]] in Nieu-Seeland is die Tongane in hul eerste wedstryd deur die gasheer en latere wêreldkampioen met 41–10 verslaan. Daarop het ’n redelik onverwagse 20–25-nederlaag teen Kanada en ’n 31–18-oorwinning oor Japan gevolg. In hul laaste wedstryd het hulle een van die grootste verrassings in die rugbywêreldbekergeskiedenis besorg, toe hulle die oorweldigende gunstelinge Frankryk met 19–14 geklop het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/14830039 |title=Rugby World Cup 2011 Pool A: France 14–19 Tonga |publisher=[[BBC]] |author=James Standley |date=14 Januarie 2017 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tonga het sy groep in die derde plek afgesluit, waardeur hulle weer regstreeks vir die volgende rugbywêreldbekertoernooi gekwalifiseer het, terwyl Frankryk ondanks die nederlaag tot die kwarteindrondte gevorder en selfs as naaswenner geëindig het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2011/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2011: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Tydens die [[2012 eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] een jaar later het Tonga die volgende verrassende oorwinning oor ’n vlak-een-span aangeteken, to hulle Skotland weg met 21–15 verslaan het, hul eerste oorwinning oor dié span.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/20459037 |title=Scotland 15–21 Tonga |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=24 November 2012 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tydelik het Tonga weens sy goeie prestasies op Wêreldrugby se wêreldranglys die negende plek beklee, hul beste plasing in dié tyd. Andersins het Tonga meer teen tweede vlak-spanne van buite Oseanië gespeel, waarby hul wenrekord redelik gebalanseerd was. Byvoorbeeld het hulle tydens ’n voorbereidingswedstryd op die rugbywêreldbekertoernooi in September 2015 hul eerste oorwinning oor [[Roemeense nasionale rugbyspan|Roemenië]] aangeteken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.planetrugby.com/tonga-hold-off-romania |title=Tonga hold off Romania |publisher=Planet Rugby |date=6 September 2015 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Die aansluitende [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015]] het redelik teleurstellend verloop. In hul eerste groepwedstryd is die Tongane deur die Georgiërs met 17–10 verslaan, in hulle tweede wedstryd het Tonga sy enigste oorwinning aangeteken, toe hulle Namibië met 35–21 geklop het. Hul eerste ontmoeting teen [[Argentynse nasionale rugbyspan|Argentinië]] het in ’n 16–45-nederlaag geëindig en in hul laaste wedstryd is Tonga deur die latere wêreldkampioen Nieu-Seeland oorheers (met 9–47). Tonga het in die vierde plek geëindig en sodoende die regstreekse kwalifisering vir die volgende toernooi misgeloop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2015/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2015: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Ook in die daaropvolgende jare was hul wenrekord teen tweede vlak-spanne amper gebalanseerd, terwyl verrassende oorwinnings oor “groot” rugbylande maar skaars was. ’n Uitsondering was ’n 19–17-wegoorwinnging teen Italië tydens die [[2016 eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] (nadat laasgenoemde Suid-Afrika ’n week tevore verslaan het).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/rugby-union/italy-vs-tonga/78582 |title=Takulua scores late penalty for Tonga to see off Italy |publisher=Sky Sports |date=26 November 2016 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> In 2017 kon die Teufaiva-stadion danksy finansiële ondersteuning deur die Nieu-Seelandse regering herstel word.<ref name="teufaiva">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/333380/teufaiva-reopening-makes-tongan-rugby-whole-again-vunipola |title=Teufaiva reopening makes Tongan rugby whole again: Vunipola |publisher=Radio New Zealand |date=20 Junie 2017 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Die Walliesers het die vordering egter as onvoldoende beskou en ’n beplande toetswedstryd teen die Tongane na [[Auckland]] laat verskuif.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://matangitonga.to/2017/02/18/wales-will-not-play-test-teufaiva-stadium |title=Wales will not play test at Teufaiva Stadium |publisher=Matangitonga |date=18 Februarie 2017 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Daarteenoor het beide Fidji en Tonga tydens die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker 2017 wél Tonga besoek en vir die eerste tuiswedstryde in agt jaar gesorg.<ref name="teufaiva" /> Met ’n 30–26-oorwinning oor Samoa het Tonga vir die rugbywêreldbekertoernooi gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/175?Stagione=2019 |title=2019 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualifiers |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Besoeke deur ander spanne het egter nie plaasgevind nie, aangesien die stadion in Februarie 2018 deur ’n [[sikloon]] beskadig is en weer herstel moes word.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/350804/newly-refurbished-tonga-stadium-badly-damaged-by-gita |title=Newly refurbished Tonga stadium badly damaged by Gita |publisher=Radio New Zealand |date=20 Februarie 2018 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2019]] in Japan het Tonga soos vier jaar voorheen in die vierde plek geëindig en hulle is vroeg uitgeskakel. Hul eerste twee wedstryde teen Engeland (met 3–53) en Argentinië (met 12–28) het in redelik swak nederlae geëindig. In hul derde groepwedstryd het Tonga teen Frankryk amper weer ’n verrassing behaal: Nadat die Franse blykbaar met 17–0 goed voorgeloop het, het die Tongane dié voorsprong laat krimp en naelskraap met 21–23 verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/news/503937 |title=France narrowly avoid history repeating against Tonga |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Hul 31–19-oorwinning oor die Verenigde State was nie meer van belang nie. As gevolg van die reisbeperkings tydens die wêreldwye [[Covid-19-pandemie]] kon die Tongane amper vir twee jaar in geen wedstryd meer speel nie. Eers tydens die [[2021 midjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] in Julie 2021 het hulle in ’n wegwedstryd teen die Nieu-Seelandse All Blacks gespeel. Weens hul gebreek aan speloefening het die erg verswakte Tongane ’n geskiedkundige 0–102-nederlaag gely, waardeur hul vorige ergste oorwinning uit 2000 teen dieselfde span geëwenaar is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/57690606 |title=New Zealand 102–0 Tonga: All Blacks score 16 unanswered tries against weakened Tonga |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=3 Julie 2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Die eerste deel van die rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering is weens die pandemie ook in Nieu-Seeland aangebied. Ná twee nederlae teen Samoa het in die Oseaniese uitspeelwedstryd ’n maklike oorwinning oor die Cookeilande gevolg; in Julie 2022 het hulle die uitspeelwedstryd teen die Asiatiese verteenwoordiger [[Hongkongse nasionale rugbyspan|Hongkong]] gewen en sodoende vir die hooftoernooi gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/176?Stagione=2023 |title=2023 Rugby World Cup – Qualifiers repechage |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2023 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Aan die begin van 2022 het Wêreldrugby ’n nuwe reël geïmplementeer wat vir die Stille Oseaan-eilandstate as baie voordelig beskou word. Hiervolgens kan nasionale spelers van ’n “groot” rugbyland na ’n ander land oorskakel, ongeag die aantal toetswedstryde wat tot dusver gespeel is. Hiervoor moes 36 maande verloop het sedert die laaste toetswedstryd en die speler moet in die betrokke land gebore wees; ’n oorskakeling is ook moontlik met ’n ouer of grootouer wat daar gebore is. Vervolgens kon talle spelers met ’n Tongaanse, Fidjiaanse of Samoaanse herkoms tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023]] vir hul oorspronklike land speel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/all-blacks/300462490/world-rugbys-tweak-of-eligibility-rule-game-changing-for-pacific-island-unions |title=World Rugby's tweak of eligibility rule game changing for Pacific Island unions |publisher=stuff.co.nz |date=25 November 2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Tydens die groepfase in Frankryk het Tonga swak nederlae teen Ierland (met 16–59), Skotland (met 17–45) en Suid-Afrika (18–45) gely, waarna hulle Roemenië (met 45–24) kon klop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/news/876908/tonga-rugby-world-cup-2023-review |title=Tonga: Rugby World Cup 2023 review |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=9 Oktober 2023 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Tydens die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker 2024 het die Tongane die vyfde plek beklee.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/pacific-nations-cup/en/news/955599/asahi-super-dry-pacific-nations-cup-semi-final-one-review-fiji-usa |title=Asahi Super Dry Pacific Nations Cup: Five-time champions Fiji book place in final |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |date=14 September 2024 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbekertoernooi 2025 was deel van die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2027]]-kwalifisering en die span het uiteindelik die derde plek behaal; hulle het vroeër reeds vir die hooftoernooi in Australië gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/pacific-nations-cup/en/news/1016474/asahi-super-dry-pacific-nations-cup-tonga-v-canada-third-place-play-off |title=Asahi Super Dry Pacific Nations Cup 2025: Tonga claim third in thrilling play-off |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |date=21 September 2025 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
== Kleure, embleem en bynaam ==
Tonga speel tradisioneel in ’n rooi trui met wit kleuraksente, wit broeke en rooi sokkies, die kleure van die [[Vlag van Tonga|nasionale vlag]]. Hul alternatiewe trui is wit met rooi kleuraksente, rooi broeke en wit sokkies.
Die huidige truiverskaffer is sedert 2021 die Nieu-Seelandse maatskappy Force XV en die truiborg is ook sedert 2021 die Franse farmaseutiese maatskappy Flect’Expert.<ref>{{fr}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyrama.fr/rugby/dans-les-pyrenees-catalanes-les-tonga-7-s-entre-galeres-et-solidarite-avant-le-tqo_sto8375951/story.shtml |title=Dans les Pyrénées catalanes, les Tonga 7's entre galères et solidarité avant le TQO |publisher=Rugbyrama |author=Léo Faure |date=15 Junie 2021 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Die beheerliggaam se kenteken verskyn op die regterbors, die truiverskaffer se kenteken links en die borgkenteken in die middel.
Die beheerliggaam [[Tongaanse Rugbyunie]] se kenteken, wat ook op die trui verskyn, toon ’n wit vredesduif met ’n olyftakkie in sy snawel, op ’n blou agtergrond voor ’n rooi kruis op ’n geel agtergrond. Die nasionale span se bynaam is ''ʻIkale Tahi'', Tongaans vir “seearend”.
== Truiverskaffers en -borge ==
Sedert die 1970’s het die volgende truiverskaffers en -borge verskyn:
{| class="wikitable"
!Tydperk !! Verskaffer
|-
|1974–1980’s
|[[Umbro]]
|-
|1980’s–1999
|[[Canterbury of New Zealand|Canterbury]]
|-
|2000–2002
|Carisbrook
|-
|2003–2005
|[[Burley-Sekem|Sekem]]
|-
|2005–2008
|[[KooGa]]
|-
|2008
|[[Samurai Sportswear]]
|-
|2008–2010
|[[Aoniu]]
|-
|2011–2012
|[[KooGa]]/[[Beyond Limits Known|BLK]]
|-
|2012–2015
|[[Kukri Sports|Kukri]]
|-
|2016–2020
|[[Mizuno (maatskappy)|Mizuno]]
|-
|Junie–November 2021
|Siomai Print
|-
|sedert November 2021
|Force XV
|}
== Die Sipi Tau ==
[[Lêer:Sipi Tau.jpg|duimnael|Tonga voer die Sipi Tau tydens die 2008-[[Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker]]wedstryd teen Australië A op]]
[[Lêer:France vs Tonga 2011 RWC (5).jpg|duimnael|Tonga voer die Sipi Tau tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]] teen [[Franse nasionale rugbyspan|Frankryk]] op]]
Soos baie ander groot Stille-Oseaan rugbylande voer Tonga ’n oorlogsdans voor hulle wedstryde uit, wat die Tongane Sipi Tau noem. Dié oorlogsdans het die doel om die teenstander te intimideer en hulself aan te moedig. Voor die 19de eeu was oorlogsdanse in Tonga nie gebruiklik nie, aangesien praat tydens die slag as ’n teken van swakheid beskou is. Maar dan het die uit die naburige [[Franse oorsese gebiede|Franse oorsese gebied]] [[Wallis en Futuna]] afkomstige Kailao versprei en dit is deur die Tongae oorgeneem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/rugby_union/features/newsid_3104000/3104432.stm |title=Learn the amazing Fijiian cibi! |publisher=[[BBC]] |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref> Die nasionale rugbyspan het oor die jare heen verskeie weergawes van die Sipi Tau gedans, maar dit is nie bekend wanneer dit vir die eerste keer gebruik is nie. Die huidige, sedert 1994 gebruikte weergawe is deur koning [[Taufaʻahau Tupou IV]] saamgestel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/artistic-merit-tonga-war-dance-1.234614 |title=Artistic merit: Tonga war dance |publisher=The Irish Times |author=John O’Sullivan |date=4 Oktober 1999 |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
Een van die mees onvergeetlike uitvoerings in moderne tye van die Sipi Tau was tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003]] in [[Australië]], toe hulle teen die Nieu-Seelandse [[All Blacks]] te staan gekom het. Die All Blacks het hul tradisionele [[Haka]] uitgevoer toe Tonga gereageer het met hul Sipi Tau, terwyl die All Blacks nog met hul Haka besig was. Die spanne het meters van mekaar te staan gekom net voor die afskop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/rugbyunion/items/s974777.htm |title=Haka and Sipi Tau set Lang Park alight |publisher=ABC |accessdate=12 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112132116/http://www.abc.net.au/rugbyunion/items/s974777.htm |archive-date=12 November 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
{|
|'''Tongaans'''
|'''Afrikaans'''
|-
| style="padding-right:50px" |
''Teu ke tau!'' (leier)<br />
''Tonga!'' (span)<br />
''Teu lea pea tala ki mamani katoa''<br />
''Ko e ʻIkale Tahi kuo halofia.''<br />
''Ke ʻilo ʻe he sola mo e taka''<br />
''Ko e ʻaho ni te u tamate tangata,''<br />
''A e haafe mo e tautuaʻa''<br />
''Kuo huʻi hoku anga tangata.''
''Ei!'' (leier)<br />
''E!'' (span)<br />
''Ei!'' (leier)<br />
''E!'' (span)
''Te u peluki e molo mo e foueti taka,''<br />
''Pea ngungu mo ha loto fitaʻa''<br />
''Ngungu!'' (leier)<br />
''ʻIo!'' (span)<br />
''Ngungu!'' (leier)<br />
''ʻIo!''
''Ko Tonga pe mate ki he moto'' (leier)<br />
''Otua mo Tonga ko hoku tofi'a'' (span)<br />
''Ei e!'' (leier)<br />
''TONGA!'' (span)
|
Maak gereed vir die stryd! (leier)<br />
Tonga! (span)<br />
Ek sal met die hele wêreld praat<br />
Die seearende smag.<br />
Laat die buitelander en die vreemdeling oppas<br />
Vandag is ek die vernietiger van siele oral<br />
Aan die skakelpaar en agterspelers<br />
My menslikheid het verdwyn.
Hey! hey! (leier)<br />
Ay! (span)<br />
Aye! (leier)<br />
Aye! (span)
Losgemaal en losvoorspelers sal ek sny<br />
En laat enige kwaai harte waarvan jy weet knars.
Laat knars! (leier)<br />
Yeah! (span)<br />
Laat knars! (leier)<br />
Yeah! (span)
Dis hoe Tonga volgens sy leuse sterf<br />
God en Tonga is my erfenis.<br />
Aye, ay! (leier)<br />
TONGA! (span)
|}
== Tuisstadion ==
Tonga se tuisstadion is die [[Teufaiva Sportstadion]] in die hoofstad [[Nukuʻalofa]] met ’n kapasiteit van 10 000. Sedert 1924 is hier amper elke tuiswedstryd aangebied.
== Toetswedstryde ==
[[Lêer:Tonga IRB World Rankings.png|duimnael|400px|Tonga se plek op [[Wêreldrugby]] se ranglys van 10 Oktober 2003 tot op hede]]
Tonga het 125 van sy 318 toetswedstryde gewen, ’n wenrekord van 39,31%. Tonga se statistieke in toetswedstryde teen alle lande, in alfabetiese volgorde, is soos volg (korrek teen September 2025):<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;team=16;template=results;type=team;view=opposition |title=International Rugby Union Statistics – Tonga |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Teenstander
! Gespeel
! Gewen
! Verloor
! Gelykop
! % Gewen
|- bgcolor="#d0ffd0" align="center"
|-
| {{Ru-rt|Amerikaans-Samoa}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{ARGru}} || 2 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{AUSru}} || 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 25,00
|-
| {{CHIru}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{COKru}} || 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{ENGru}} || 4 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{FIJru}} || 96 || 27 || 66 || 3 || 28,13
|-
| {{FRAru}} || 6 || 2 || 4 || 0 || 33,33
|-
| {{GEOru}} || 8 || 2 || 6 || 0 || 25,00
|-
| {{HKGru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{IRLru}} || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{ITAru}} || 6 || 2 || 4 || 0 || 33,33
|-
| {{CIVru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{JPNru}} || 20 || 9 || 11 || 0 || 45,00
|-
| {{CANru}} || 13 || 8 || 5 || 0 || 61,54
|-
| {{KORru}} || 6 || 6 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{NAMru}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{Ru-rt|Nieu-Kaledonië}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{NZLru}} || 7 || 0 || 7 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Nieu-Seelandse Maori || 12 || 4 || 8 || 0 || 33,33
|-
| {{PNGru}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{PORru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{ROMru}} || 5 || 3 || 2 || 0 || 60,00
|-
| {{SAMru}} || 72 || 28 || 40 || 4 || 38,89
|-
| {{SCOru}} || 5 || 1 || 4 || 0 || 20,00
|-
| {{ESPru}} || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 66,67
|-
| {{RSAru}} || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{Ru-rt|Tokelau}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{URUru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{USAru}} || 10 || 9 || 1 || 0 || 90,00
|-
| {{WALru}} || 10 || 0 || 10 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{ZIMru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| align="left" |'''Algeheel''' || '''318''' || '''125''' || '''186''' || '''7''' || '''39,31'''
|}
== Rekords ==
=== Wêreldbekerrekord ===
Tonga het tot dusver aan amper elke [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooi deelgeneem, met uitsondering van die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991]] in die destydse Vyfnasies. Hul beste prestasie tot dusver was twee oorwinnings elk in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]] en [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011|2011]].
{| class="wikitable"
! Jaar !! Uitslag
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991|1991]] || Geen deelname
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995|1995]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999|1999]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003|2003]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011|2011]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015|2015]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2019|2019]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023|2023]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2027|2027]] || ''gekwalifiseer''
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2031|2031]] || {{n.v.t.}}
|}
=== Stille Oseaan-drienasies ===
Die Stille Oseaan-drienasies was van 1982 tot 2005 die tradisionele jaarlikse toernooi tussen die drie Stille Oseaan-rugbylande Fidji, Samoa en Tonga. Hulle het die toernooi een keer gewen: in 1986.
=== Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker ===
Tonga se enigste jaarlikse toernooi sedert 2006 is die [[Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker]], waartydens hulle teen Fidji en Samoa speel (soms word ook ander nasionale span genooi). Hul beste prestasie was die eerste plek tydens die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker 2011, waarby Japan weens sy oorwinning oor Tonga met die toernooititel weggestap het.
=== Stille Oseaanrand Rugbykampioenskap ===
Tonga het twee keer aan die Stille Oseaanrand Rugbykampioenskap deelgeneem en in 2000 die derde plek beklee.
=== Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele ===
Tonga het vier keer aan die Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele se rugbytoernooi deelgeneem en eenkeer gewen.
* Titeloorwinning (1): 1979
=== Ander toetswedstryde ===
Gedurende die amateurtydperk het Tonga maandelange oorsese toere onderneem, waartydens hulle teen ander nasionale spanne, plaaslike saamgestelde spanne en klubspanne gespeel het. Eweneens het oorsese spanne na Tonga getoer. Teen die jaar 2000 het die oorsese toere volgens die ou tradisie tot ’n einde gekom, aangesien die professionalisering van die rugbyspel te min tyd vir toere oorlaat. Deesdae is toetswedstryde teen die spanne van die Noordelike Halfrond tweekeer per jaar moontlik. Gedurende Juniemaand se midjaarrugbytoetsreeks vertrek Europese spanne na Tonga en gedurende Novembermaand se eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks reis Tonga na Europa. In teenstelling met die meeste ander rugbylande speel Tonga nie vir enige trofee teen sy teenstanders nie.
== Spelers ==
=== Huidige span ===
Die volgende spelers het die Tongaanse span gevorm tydens die [[Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker]] 2025:<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/pacific-nations-cup/en/news/1002586/pacific-nations-cup-2025-team-guide-tonga |title=Pacific Nations Cup 2025 Team Guide: Tonga |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |date=18 Augustus 2025 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
{|
| valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Agterspelers ''(backs)''
|-
! Speler !! Posisie !! Klub !! Toetswedstryde
|-
| [[Aisea Halo]] || [[Skrumskakel]] || [[Moana Pasifika]] || style="text-align:center" | 11
|-
| [[Augustine Pulu]] || Skrumskakel || [[Hino Red Dolphins]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}6
|-
| [[Sonatane Takulua]] || Skrumskakel || [[Stade Olympique Chambérien Rugby|Chambéry]] || style="text-align:center" | 57
|-
| [[William Havili]] || [[Losskakel]] || [[Moana Pasifika]] || style="text-align:center" | 17
|-
| [[Patrick Pellegrini]] || Losskakel || [[Moana Pasifika]] || style="text-align:center" | 12
|-
| [[Willis Halaholo]] || [[Senter]] || Suburbs || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}0
|-
| [[Solomone Kata]] || Senter || [[Leicester Tigers]] || style="text-align:center" | 12
|-
| [[Fetuli Paea]] || Senter || [[Zebre]] || style="text-align:center" | 15
|-
| [[Charles Piutau]] || Senter || [[Shizuoka Blue Revs]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}9
|-
| [[Nikolai Foliaki]] || [[Vleuel]] || [[New Orleans Gold]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}8
|-
| [[Fine Inisi]] || Vleuel || [[Moana Pasifika]] || style="text-align:center" | 14
|-
| [[John Tapueluelu]] || Vleuel || Alhambra || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}5
|-
| [[Josiah Unga]] || [[Heelagter]] || Auckland Marist || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}3
|}
|
| valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Voorspelers ''(forwards)''
|-
! Speler !! Posisie !! Klub !! Toetswedstryde
|-
| [[Sam Moli]] || [[Haker]] || [[Moana Pasifika]] || style="text-align:center" | 19
|-
| [[Siua Maile]] || Haker || [[Benetton Rugby Treviso|Benetton]] || style="text-align:center" | 14
|-
| [[Sosefo Sakalia]] || Haker || Kolomotu’a RC || style="text-align:center" | 22
|-
| [[Siegfried Fisiʻihoi]] || [[Stut]] || [[RC Massy|Massy]] || style="text-align:center" | 28
|-
| [[Feao Fotuaika]] || Stut || [[Brumbies (Superrugbyspan)|Brumbies]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}5
|-
| [[Ben Tameifuna]] [[Lêer:Captain sports.svg|15px|Kaptein]] || Stut || [[Union Bordeaux Bègles|Bordeaux]] || style="text-align:center" | 40
|-
| [[Salesi Tuifua]] || Stut || Pakuranga || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}4
|-
| [[Solomone Tukuafu]] || Stut || [[Biarritz Olympique|Olympique]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}0
|-
| [[Leva Fifita]] || [[Slot (rugby)|Slot]] || [[RC Narbonne|Narbonne]] || style="text-align:center" | 36
|-
| [[Kelemete Finau-Fetuli]] || Slot || [[Rouen Normandie Rugby|Rouen]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}5
|-
| [[Harison Mataele]] || Slot || [[Stade Montois|Mont-de-Marsan]] || style="text-align:center" | 10
|-
| [[Veikoso Poloniati]] || Slot || [[Aviron Bayonnais|Bayonne]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}3
|-
| [[Tupou Afungia]] || [[Losvoorspeler]] || [[New Orleans Gold]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}6
|-
| [[Fotu Lokotui]] || Losvoorspeler || [[SU Agen|Agen]] || style="text-align:center" | 18
|-
| [[Lotu Inisi]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Moana Pasifika]] || style="text-align:center" | 10
|-
| [[Tanginoa Halaifonua]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Stade Français]] || style="text-align:center" | 16
|-
| [[Siosiua Moala]] || Losvoorspeler || Poverty Bay || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}2
|}
|}
=== Bekende spelers ===
Tot dusver is nog geen Tongaanse speler in Wêreldrugby se Heldesaal opgeneem nie.
=== Spelerstatistieke ===
{{dubbelbeeld|regs|Nili Latu.jpg|150|Vungakoto Lilo 2011.jpg|150|Nili Latu (2008)|Vungakoto Lilo (2011)}}
{{dubbelbeeld|regs|Kurt Morath 2011.jpg|150|Siale Piutau 2011.jpg|150|Kurt Morath (2011)|Siale Piutau (2011)}}
Vervolgens die belangrikste statistieke van Tonga se spelers. Die spelers wat met <nowiki>*</nowiki> gekenmerk is, is nog aktief en kan hul statistieke verbeter.
<small>(Korrek teen September 2025)</small>
{|
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste toetswedstryde<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;team=16;template=results;type=player |title=Total matches played (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Toetswedstryde
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Sonatane Takulua]] || 2014–2025 * || 62
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Nili Latu]] || 2006–2017 || 48
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Vungakoto Lilo]] || 2007–2018 || 44
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Siale Piutau]] || 2011–2019 || 43
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Steve Mafi]] || 2010–2023 || 42
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Ben Tameifuna]] * || 2017–2025 || 42
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Elisi Vunipola]] || 1990–2005 || 41
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Kurt Morath]] || 2009–2021 || 40
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Pierre Hola]] || 1998–2009 || 39
|-
| 10 || [[Benhur Kivalu]] || 1998–2005 || 39
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste toetswedstryde as kaptein<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?captain=1;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=matches;team=16;template=results;type=player |title=Total matches played as captain (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Toetswedstryde
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Nili Latu]] || 2006–2016 || 42
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Siale Piutau]] || 2015–2019 || 19
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Sonatane Takulua]] || 2017–2023 || 19
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Inoke Afeaki]] || 2001–2003 || 12
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Fakahau Valu]] || 1977–1987 || 11
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Ben Tameifuna]] * || 2024–2025 || 10
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Aleki Lutui]] || 2004–2011 || {{0}}9
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Elisi Vunipola]] || 1999–2001 || {{0}}9
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Sione Mafi Pahulu]] || 1973–1975 || {{0}}7
|-
| 10 || [[Siaosi Atiola]] || 1987–1990 || {{0}}6
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste punte aangeteken<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=points;team=16;template=results;type=player |title=Total points scored (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Punte
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Kurt Morath]] || 2009–2021 || 340
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Pierre Hola]] || 1998–2009 || 322
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Sonatane Takulua]] * || 2014–2025 || 283
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Sateki Tuipulotu]] || 1993–2003 || 190
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Fangatapu ’Apikotoa]] || 2004–2014 || 147
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Josh Taumalolo]] || 1996–2007 || 118
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Kusitafu Tonga]] || 1996–2001 || 114
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[William Havili]] * || 2022–2025 || 101
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Patrick Pellegrini]] * || 2023–2025 || {{0}}89
|-
| 10 || [[Vunga Lilo]] || 2007–2018 || {{0}}87
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste drieë gedruk<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=tries;team=16;template=results;type=player |title=Total tries scored (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=22 September 2024}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Drieë
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Sonatane Takulua]] * || 2014–2025 || 18
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Fetu’u Vainikolo]] || 2011–2016 || 17
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Josh Taumalolo]] || 1996–2007 || 14
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Pierre Hola]] || 1998–2009 || 12
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Vunga Lilo]] || 2007–2018 || 12
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Fepikou Tatafu]] || 1996–2002 || 10
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Viliame Iongi]] || 2011–2016 || {{0}}9
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Benhur Kivalu]] || 1998–2005 || {{0}}9
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Telusa Veainu]] || 2015–2024 || {{0}}9
|-
| 10 || [[Elisi Vunipola]] || 1990–2005 || {{0}}8
|}
|}
== Afrigters ==
[[Lêer:Mana Otai 2012.jpg|duimnael|upright|Mana Otai (2012)]]
Tonga het in 1985 met Fred Wolfgramm sy eerste afrigter benoem. Sedert 2024 dien die Tongaan Tevita Tu’ifua as Tongaanse hoofafrigter.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Naam !! Tydperk
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Tonga}} Fred Wolfgramm || 1985
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Tonga}} Prins Mailefihi || 1986–1987
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Tonga}} Fakahau Valu || 1995
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Tonga}} Polutele Tu’ihalamaka || 1999
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} David Waterston || 1999–2000
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Tonga}} Vaita Ueleni || 2000–2001
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Jim Love || 2001–2003
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Australië}} Viliami Ofahengaue || 2004–2005
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Australië}} Adam Leach || 2006–2007
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Tonga}} Quddus Fielea || 2007–2010
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Isitolo Maka || 2010–2011
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Australië}} Toutai Kefu (tussentyds) || 2012
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Tonga}} Mana Otai || 2012–2015
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Australië}} Toutai Kefu || 2016–2023
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Tonga}} Tevita Tu’ifua || sedert 2024
|}
== Sien ook ==
{{Portaal|Rugby|Ru ball.svg}}
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|4}}
== Bronnelys ==
* {{en}} {{cite journal |author=Robert F. Dewey |title=Pacific Islands rugby: Navigating the global professional era |editor=Greg Ryan |work=The changing face of rugby: The Union game and professionalism since 1995 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |location=Newcastle |date=2008 |ISBN=978-1-84718-530-3}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=Richard Bath |title=The Complete Book of Rugby |publisher=Seven Oaks Ltd. |date=1997 |ISBN=1-86200-013-1}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=J. R. Jones |title=Encyclopedia of Rugby Union Football |publisher=Robert Hale |location=Londen |date=1976 |ISBN=0-7091-5394-5}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{CommonsKategorie|Tonga national rugby union team|Tongaanse nasionale rugbyspan}}
* {{en}} [https://www.tongarugbyunion.org/ Amptelike webwerf van die Tongaanse Rugbyunie]
* {{en}} [https://www.world.rugby/organisation/membership/oceania/tonga Tonga by Wêreldrugby]
* {{en}} [https://www.planetrugby.com/team/tonga/ Tonga op Planet Rugby]
{{Nasionale rugbyspanne}}
{{Normdata}}
{{Voorbladster}}
[[Kategorie:Rugby in Tonga]]
[[Kategorie:Nasionale rugbyspanne van Oseanië]]
n8uj3ff1b394bk0hznnxqcuhe6w9zbp
Argentynse nasionale rugbyspan
0
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InternetArchiveBot
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Red 1 verwysing(s) en merk 0 as dood.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
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text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas Rugbyspan
| land = Argentinië
| beeld = Los Pumas.svg
| unie = [[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] (UAR)
| bynaam = ''Los Pumas'' (“die [[Poema]]s”)
| embleem = Poema
| stadion = [[José Amalfitani-stadion]], [[Buenos Aires]]
| kapasiteit = 49 540
| kaptein = [[Julián Montoya]]
| afrigter = {{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Felipe Contepomi]] <small>(sedert 2024)</small>
| patroon_la1 = _Pumasleft19
| patroon_b1 = _Pumaskit19
| patroon_ra1 = _Pumasright19
| patroon_sh1 =
| patroon_so1 = _ArgentinasocksRWC
| linkerarm1 = 4AB1EC
| liggaam1 = 4AB1EC
| regterarm1 = 4AB1EC
| broek1 = FFFFFF
| kouse1 =
| patroon_la2 =
| patroon_b2 =
| patroon_ra2 =
| patroon_sh2 =
| patroon_so2 =
| linkerarm2 = 262F51
| liggaam2 = 262F51
| regterarm2 = 262F51
| broek2 = 262F51
| kouse2 = 262F51
| statistiek = Statistiek
| toetse = [[Pablo Matera]] (118)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=matches;team=10;template=results;type=player |title=Most matches |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
| toptoetspuntebehaler = [[Nicolás Sánchez]] (902)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=points;team=10;template=results;type=player |title=Most points |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
| meestedrieë = [[José Núñez Piossek]] (29)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=tries;team=10;template=results;type=player |title=Most tries |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
| jongstespeler =
| eerste = {{ARGru}} 3–28 [[Britse en Ierse Leeus|Britse Leeus]] {{vlagikoon|Verenigde Koninkryk}}<br />([[Buenos Aires]], [[Argentinië]]; 12 Junie 1910)
| grootwen = {{ARGru}} 152–0 {{PARru-r}}<br />([[Mendoza]], Argentinië; 1 Mei 2002)
| grootverloor = {{NZLru}} 93–8 {{ARGru-r}}<br />([[Wellington, Nieu-Seeland|Wellington]], [[Nieu-Seeland]]; 21 Junie 1997)
| Wêreldbekerverskynings = 10/10
| jaar = 1987
| beste = Derde in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]]
| url = www.lospumas.com.ar
| unieurl = www.uar.com.ar
}}
Die '''Argentynse nasionale rugbyspan''' ([[Spaans]]: ''Selección de rugby de Argentina'') is die nasionale [[rugby]]span wat [[Argentinië]] in internasionale wedstryde (toetswedstryde) verteenwoordig. Die span wat in [[hemelblou]] en [[wit]] [[Trui#Sporttruie|truie]] speel, dra die bynaam ''los Pumas'' (Spaans vir: “die [[Poema]]s”) en hulle word as die beste rugbyspan in die [[Amerikas]] beskou. Rugby word in Argentinië geadministreer deur die [[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] (UAR, van Spaans: ''Unión Argentina de Rugby'').
Aan die einde van die 19de eeu het emigrante van die [[Britse Eilande]] die rugbyspel na Argentinië gebring. Argentinië se eerste internasionale rugbywedstryd was in 1910 teen die Britse keurspan [[Britse en Ierse Leeus|Britse Leeus]]. Sy belangrikste internasionale verskyning het Argentinië tydens die vierjaarlikse [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooi wat sedert 1987 gehou word. Sedert die [[Rugbywêreldbeker]] in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]] ingevoer is, het die span aan al tien toernooie deelgeneem. Hul beste prestasie was die derde plek tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007]] in [[Frankryk]].
Argentinië is onoorwonne ten opsigte van die meeste ander nasionale rugbyspanne van die Amerikaanse vasteland met uitsondering van [[Kanadese nasionale rugbyspan|Kanada]], deur wie Argentinië drie keer verslaan is (die laaste keer was in 2005). Vervolgens het hulle ook die Suid-Amerikaanse en die Pan-Amerikaanse rugbykampioenskappe oorheers. Vir ’n lang tydperk was Argentinië die enigste vlak-een-span wat nie aan ’n jaarlikse toernooi deelgeneem het nie. Dit het in 2012 verander, toe die Drienasiesreeks met die opname van die Poemas [[die Rugbykampioenskap]] geword het. Sedertdien speel hulle jaarliks teen die [[All Blacks]] van [[Nieu-Seeland]], die [[Springbokke]] van [[Suid-Afrika]] en die [[Wallabies]] van [[Australië]] om die titel as beste span van die [[Suidelike Halfrond]]. Die beheerliggaam [[Wêreldrugby]] ag Argentinië saam met tien ander as ’n vlak-een-span. Die Argentynse rugbyspan is tans (Oktober 2025) sesde op [[Wêreldrugby]] se wêreldranglys gelys.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/rankings |title=Women’s and Men’s Rankings |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Vier voormalige Argentynse rugbyspelers is in Wêreldrugby se Heldesaal opgeneem. Argentinië speel tradisioneel in gestreepte hemelblou en wit truie, wit broeke en sokkies in hemelblou en wit – wat aan die kleure van die [[vlag van Argentinië]] ontleen is.
== Beheerliggaam ==
{{Hoofartikel|Argentynse Rugbyunie}}
[[Lêer:Uniones Miembros de la Unión Argentina de Rugby (UAR).png|duimnael|’n Kaart van die Argentynse plaaslike beheerliggame]]
Die beheerliggaam vir rugby in Argentinië is die Argentynse Rugbyunie (''Unión Argentina de Rugby'', UAR). Die UAR is op 10 April 1899 as ''River Plate Rugby Union'' gestig en het in 1987 ’n volle lid van die Internasionale Rugbyvoetbalraad (IRVR; nou [[Wêreldrugby]]) geword.<ref name="Wêreldrugby">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/organisation/membership/south-america/argentina |title=Argentina |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Daarbenewens was die Argentynse beheerliggaam in 1988 ’n stigterslid van CONSUR (''Confederación Sudamericana de Rugby'', “Suid-Amerikaanse Rugbykonfederasie”; nou [[Suid-Amerika Rugby]], SAR).<ref name="SAR">{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://sudamerica.rugby/espanol/sudamerica-rugby-7#consejo-directivo |title=Historia |publisher=[[Suid-Amerika Rugby]] |date=2021 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Die Argentynse Rugbyunie bestaan uit 25 plaaslike beheerliggame, wat grotendeels met die Argentynse provinsies ooreenstem. Die belangrikste rugbyliga in Argentinië is die ''Nacional de Clubes'', waar die helfte van die spanne uit [[Buenos Aires]] en die ander helfte uit die provinsies afkomstig is. Van 2016 tot 2020 het met die [[Jaguares (Superrugbyspan)|Jaguares]] ’n Argentynse span deelgeneem aan die [[Superrugby]]toernooi, die [[Suidelike Halfrond]] se internasionale rugbyliga. Sedert 2026 neem die vier Argentynse keurspanne Capibaras, Dogos, Pampas en Tarucas deel aan die professionele Superrugby Amerikas. Hieraan neem ook spanne uit [[Brasilië]], [[Chili]], [[Paraguay]] en [[Uruguay]] deel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.americasrugbynews.com/2026/03/10/focus-for-super-rugby-americas-expansion/ |title=Focus for Super Rugby Americas Expansion |publisher=Americas Rugby News |date=10 Maart 2026 |accessdate=7 Augustus 2026}}</ref> Die meeste nasionale spelers is veral aktief by Europese klubs in Engeland of Frankryk.
Naas die amptelike nasionale span roep die Argentynse Rugbyunie ook ander keurspanne byeen. Die ''Pumitas'' is die o/20-nasionale span en hulle neem aan die o/20-Rugbykampioenskap en die [[Wêreldrugby o/20-kampioenskap]] deel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://super.rugby/therugbychampionship/news/inaugural-rugby-championship-under-20-all-set-for-sunshine-coast-kick-off/ |title=Inaugural rugby championship under-20 all set for sunshine coast kick-off |publisher=[[Superrugby]] |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/u20 |title=World Rugby U20 Championship |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Kinders en jongmense word reeds op skool aan rugby bekend gestel en na gelang van hul belangstelling en talent begin hulle met hul afrigting. Die ''Argentina XV'' (XV verwys na die aantal spelers in rugby) is die tweede nasionale span van Argentinië. Vanaf 2010 het die keurspan [[Pampas XV]] bestaan, wat slegs uit Argentynse spelers saamgestel is, maar aan die Suid-Afrikaanse [[Vodacombeker]] (en aansluitend tot hul ontbinding aan Wêreldrugby se Stille Oseaan-uitdaagtoernooi) deelgeneem het.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.diario26.com/168060--pampas-xv-el-equipo-nacional-que-nos-representa-en-un-torneo-sudafricano |title=Pampas XV, el equipo nacional que nos representa en un torneo sudáfricano |publisher=Diario26 |date=22 Maart 2013 |accessdate=13 Junie 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613180021/https://www.diario26.com/168060--pampas-xv-el-equipo-nacional-que-nos-representa-en-un-torneo-sudafricano |archive-date=13 Junie 2021 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
== Geskiedenis ==
=== Beginjare ===
[[Lêer:Argentina equipo v britishlions 1910.jpg|duimnael|Die eerste Argentynse nasionale rugbyspan voor hul wedstryd teen die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus|Britse Leeus]] in 1910]]
Soos in die geval van [[sokker]] het Britse emigrante, wat vir banke en spoorwegmaatskappye onder Britse beheer gewerk het, die rugbyspel na Argentinië gebring. Die eerste rugbyspanne is ook deur Britte gestig en hulle het oor die eerste dekades heen veral onder mekaar verkeer. Die meeste klubs het inheemse spelers nie toegelaat nie en enkele Argentyne is net stadigaan en op uitsondering opgeneem.<ref>{{es}} {{cite book |author=Victor Raffo |title=El origen británico del deporte argentino |publisher=Gráfica MPS |location=[[Buenos Aires]] |year=2009 |isbn=9789874381071}}</ref><ref name="spinetto9">{{es}} {{cite book |author=Horacio J. Spinetto |title=Ciento veinte años de rugby argentino |publisher=Todo es Historia |edition=XXV |volume=295 |location=Buenos Aires |year=1992 |issn=0040-8611 |pages=9}}</ref> In 1873 is die eerste wedstryd op die Buenos Aires Krieket- en Rugbyklub met ’n mengsel aan rugby en sokker gespeel. Op 14 Mei 1874 het die eerste wedstryd volgens die [[Engelse Rugbyvoetbalunie]] (RFU) se reëls gevolg.<ref>{{es}} {{cite book |author=Horacio J. Spinetto |title=Ciento veinte años de rugby argentino |publisher=Todo es Historia |edition=XXV |volume=295 |location=Buenos Aires |year=1992 |issn=0040-8611 |pages=8}}</ref> In 1899 het ses spanne uit [[Buenos Aires]] en [[Rosario]] die beheerliggaam ''River Plate Rugby Union'', die latere [[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] (UAR), gestig. Tot die ontstaan van die eerste suiwer Argentynse span sou dit ’n verdere vyf jaar neem. Onder sy lede was die lugvaartpionier [[Jorge Newbery]].<ref name="spinetto9" />
[[Lêer:R. Cooper - El Gráfico 477.jpg|duimnael|links|upright|R. Cooper, spankaptein in 1928]]
Ter geleentheid van die Meirewolusie se eeufees in 1910 het ’n aantal [[Engelse]] en [[Skotte|Skotse]] spelers na Argentinië vertrek. Die Argentynse koerante het na die besoekende span as ''Combinado Británico'' (“Gekombineerde Britte”) verwys; vandag word dit beskou as ’n reserwespan van die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus|Britse Leeus]] wat op dieselfde tydstip deur [[Suid-Afrika]] getoer het. Die span het al die ses wedstryde gewen, waaronder die eerste toetswedstryd teen ’n keurspan van die Argentynse beheerliggaam, wat op 12 Junie 1910 op die ''Sociedad Sportiva Argentina'' se grond plaasgevind en met ’n 28–3-oorwinning vir die besoekers geëindig het. Die Argentynse span het amper net uit nasate van Britse emigrante bestaan.<ref name="Debut">{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.clarin.com/deportes/rugby/centenario-debut_0_HJ-gceWAwXe.html |title=El centenario del debut |publisher=Clarín |date=13 Junie 2010 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Die enigste uitsondering was [[Barry Heatlie]], wat voorheen vir [[Springbokke|Suid-Afrika]] uitgedraf en tydens die verderverspreiding van die rugbyspel in Argentinië ’n leidende rol beklee het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://punditarena.com/rugby/thepateam/a-true-fairy-tale-the-story-of-south-africas-barry-heatlie/ |title=A True Fairy Tale: The Story Of South Africa’s Barry Heatlie |publisher=Pundit Arena |date=2 Junie 2016 |accessdate=20 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020114159/https://punditarena.com/rugby/thepateam/a-true-fairy-tale-the-story-of-south-africas-barry-heatlie/ |archive-date=20 Oktober 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Op uitnodiging deur die ''River Plate Rugby Union'' het die Britse Leeus in Julie en Augustus 1927 vir die tweede keer Argentinië besoek. Die besoekers is deur James Baxter, die destydse RFU-president, aangevoer. Die Britte het in Buenos Aires nege wedstryde gespeel en onoorwonne gebly. Dit het vier toetswedstryde ingesluit wat Argentinië almal met meer as 30 punte verloor het. Ondanks die maklike oorheersing deur die gaste was die toer ’n groot finansiële sukses.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.lionsrugby.com/history/5037.php |title=1927 Argentina |publisher=[[Britse en Ierse Leeus]] |date=2013 |accessdate=21 Januarie 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121005922/http://www.lionsrugby.com/history/5037.php |archive-date=21 Januarie 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die [[Junior Bokke]], die Suid-Afrikaanse jeugspan, het Argentinië in Julie 1932 besoek; hulle het in twee nieamptelike toetswedstryde gespeel en albei maklik gewen.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=http://uar.com.ar/pdf/memorias/1932.pdf |title=Visita del equipo sudafricano |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=1932 |accessdate=1 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101073408/http://uar.com.ar/pdf/memorias/1932.pdf |archive-date=1 November 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In Augustus 1936 het die Britse Leeus Argentinië vir die derde (en tot dusver laaste) keer besoek en al die tien wedstryde gewen, insluitende ’n wedstryd teen die Argentynse nasionale span, wat ondanks dié toer se goedkeuring deur die Internasionale Rugbyvoetbalraad (IRVR; nou [[Wêreldrugby]]) nie as ’n toetswedstryd erken is nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.lionsrugby.com/history/5041.php |title=1936 Argentina |publisher=[[Britse en Ierse Leeus]] |date=2013 |accessdate=22 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121122061048/http://www.lionsrugby.com:80/history/5041.php |archive-date=22 November 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ’n Maand later het die nasionale span sy eerste oorsese toer aangepak. Tydens dié toer het hulle in [[Valparaíso]] albei toetswedstryde teen [[Chileense nasionale rugbyspan|Chili]] maklik gewen. In Augustus 1938 het die Chileense teenbesoek plaasgevind, waartydens Argentinië sy eerste tuisoorwinning aangeteken het.
=== Naoorlogse tydperk ===
[[Lêer:Argentina rugby 1951.jpg|duimnael|links|Die Argentynse span wat die eerste Suid-Amerikaanse Rugbykampioenskap 1951 gewen het]]
[[Lêer:Argentina France rugby 1954.jpeg|duimnael|upright|Wedstryd tussen Argentinië en Frankryk se rugbyspanne in 1954, voorblad van ''El grafico'']]
As gevolg van die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]] is die internasionale spelbedryf vir elf jaar onderbreek. In Augustus en September 1949 was [[Franse nasionale rugbyspan|Frankryk]] die eerste Europese nasionale span wat Argentinië besoek het. Hulle het die twee toetswedstryde teen die Franse aan die einde van die nege wedstryde omvattende toer verloor, maar elkeen minder maklik as verwag.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=http://diarioepoca.com/739205/aquella-tactica-correntina-que-freno-al-rugby-frances/ |title=Aquella táctica correntina que frenó al rugby francés |publisher=Diario epoca |date=2 Julie 2017 |accessdate=7 Oktober 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007022352/https://www.diarioepoca.com/739205/aquella-tactica-correntina-que-freno-al-rugby-frances/ |archive-date=7 Oktober 2023 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die verdere ontwikkeling van die Argentynse rugby is veral deur sy geografiese isolasie teen opsigte van ander vername rugbyland gekniehalter. Hoewel daar ook in Chili, [[Uruguaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Uruguay]] en [[Brasiliaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Brasilië]] rugby gespeel word, is die gehalte in Argentinië sedert die begin aansienlik hoër, waarvolgens die nasionale span in [[Suid-Amerika]] heeltemal oorheersend is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Richard Bath |title=The Complete Book of Rugby |publisher=Seven Oaks Bpk. |year=1997 |isbn=1-86200-013-1}}</ref> ’n Goeie voorbeeld is die Suid-Amerikaanse Rugbykampioenskap wat in 1951 vir die eerste keer aangebied is, waartydens die Argentyne al die ander deelnemers heeltemal oorheers het. Tot hul laaste deelname in 2013 het hulle nie ’n enkele wedstryd verloor nie.
In Augustus en September 1952 het [[Ierse nasionale rugbyspan|Ierland]] na Suid-Amerika getoer, maar dié toer het aanvanklik onseker gelyk. Kort ná die Iere se vertrek is die Argentynse presidentsvrou [[Eva Perón]] oorlede, waarvolgens Argentinië in nasionale rou verkeer het. Al die nege in Buenos Aires beplande wedstryde het nogtans plaasgevind, insluitende die twee wedstryde teen die Argentynse nasionale span. Hulle het in ’n gelykop en ’n oorwinning vir Ierland geëindig, maar aan hierdie wedstryde is geen toetsstatus toegeken nie. Nogtans het die Argentyne gewys dat hulle in staat is om met die Europese spanne mee te ding, wat die beheerliggaam bemoedig het.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1950/1952.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1952 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=24 November 1952 |accessdate=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926030705/https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1950/1952.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Twee jaar later het die Franse hul tweede besoek in Argentinië afgelê en albei toetswedstryde in Buenos Aires redelik maklik gewen.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1950/1954.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1954 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=21 Desember 1954 |accessdate=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926024622/https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1950/1954.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Nadat ’n aantal mislukte pogings om die universiteite van [[Universiteit van Oxford|Oxford]] en [[Universiteit van Cambridge|Cambridge]] vir ’n gesogte besoek aan Argentinië uit te nooi, het hulle in 1956 eindelik daarin geslaag. Die gemeensame keurspan van albei universiteite, wat ook verskeie Engelse nasionale spelers ingesluit het, het albei wedstryde teen die Argentynse nasionale span gewen en ook die ander wedstryde beklink.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1950/1956.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1956 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=27 Desember 1956 |accessdate=24 Maart 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324231736/https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1950/1956.pdf |archive-date=24 Maart 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In September 1959 kon die Argentyne nog beter met die internasionale teenstanders meeding, toe die Junior Bokke ná ’n kwarteeu weer na Suid-Amerika getoer het. In albei wedstryde teen die Suid-Afrikaanse jeugspan het Argentinië slegs naelskraapse nederlae gely.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1950/1959.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1959 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=22 Desember 1959 |accessdate=15 Oktober 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015031237/https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1950/1959.pdf |archive-date=15 Oktober 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In Julie en Augustus 1960 het die Franse nasionale span vir die derde keer Argentinië besoek. Tydens hul Suid-Amerikaanse toer het die gaste al die 13 wedstryde gewen, insluitende drie toetswedstryde. Nogtans was hulle van die gasheer se prestasies baie beïndruk.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1960/1960.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1960 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=31 Oktober 1960 |accessdate=24 Maart 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324231744/https://uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1960/1960.pdf |archive-date=24 Maart 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
=== Toenemende internasionale kontak ===
[[Lêer:Argentina los pumas 1965.jpg|duimnael|links|Die Argentynse span wat in 1965 na Rhodesië en Suid-Afrika getoer het]]
[[Lêer:Los pumas 1970.jpg|duimnael|upright|Die voorry van 1970: García Yáñez, Handley en Foster]]
[[Lêer:Pumas try 1965.jpg|duimnael|links|Marcelo Pascual se drie teen die Junior Springbokke in 1965]]
[[Lêer:Angel guastella.jpg|duimnael|upright|Die voormalige speler Angel Guastella was die Argentynse afrigter gedurende die 1965-toer]]
[[Lêer:Argentina australia ferro 1979.jpg|duimnael|links|Die Poemas wat in 1979 Australië tuis in Buenos Aires geklop het]]
In 1964 het die [[Suid-Afrikaanse Rugbyunie]] die UAR vir ’n toer na Suid-Afrika en [[Rhodesië]] uitgenooi. Ter voorbereiding het die UAR met die Suid-Afrikaner [[Izak van Heerden]] die eerste buitelandse hoofafrigter aangestel. In Mei en Junie 1965 het hul eerste besoek oorkant die [[Atlantiese Oseaan]] plaasgevind en hulle het in 16 wedstryde gespeel. Hulle het egter geen toetswedstryde gespeel nie, maar die teenstanders was nogtans deurgaans ernstige keurspanne met ’n hoë spelvlak. Tydens hierdie toer het die bynaam “Poemas” vir die Argentyne gevestig. Ná twee aanvanklike nederlae (insluitende teen die Rhodesiese span) het hulle aan die omstandighede gewoon geraak en altesaam elf keer geseëvier. Veral hul 11–6-oorwinning oor die Junior Bokke op 19 Junie voor ’n skare van 40 000 op [[Ellispark-stadion|Ellispark]] in [[Johannesburg]] is noemenswaardig. Tydens hul terugkeer is die Poemas deur ’n groot skare verwelkom. Hierdie toer word as die begin van die moderne rugbytydperk in Argentinië beskou en dit het tot ’n toenemende groei in gewildheid gelei. Vervolgens het ook meer internasionale spanne daarin belanggestel om teen die Poemas te speel.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201506/109583-hace-50-anos-en-una-gira-por-sudafrica-nacian-los-pumas.html |titel=Hace 50 años, en una gira por Sudáfrica nacían Los Pumas |publisher=Télam |date=19 Junie 2015 |accessdate=29 Augustus 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829151638/https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201506/109583-hace-50-anos-en-una-gira-por-sudafrica-nacian-los-pumas.html |archive-date=29 Augustus 2023 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Aansluitend het Argentinië tuis teen die besoekende Franse kampioen [[Section Paloise]] te staan gekom; dié wedstryd word veral vir die oproer en oortredings van albei spanne, maar nie die Argentynse oorwinning onthou nie. Die gebeurtenisvolle jaar 1965 is afgesluit met die besoek deur die gemeensame keurspan van die twee universiteite van Oxford en Cambridge; die drie wedstryde teen die nasionale span het in ’n oorwinning, ’n gelykop en ’n nederlaag geëindig.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1960/1965.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1965 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=20 Desember 1965 |accessdate=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926020708/https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1960/1965.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
In September 1968 het die [[Walliese nasionale rugbyspan|Walliese nasionale span]] na Buenos Aires getoer en onder andere in twee wedstryde teen Argentinië gespeel, wat egter nie as toetswedstryde erken is nie. Die Walliesers het in die eerste wedstryd ’n verrassende nederlaag gely en in die tweede is hulle in ’n gelykopwedstryd vasgebind. Daarmee het die Poemas vir die eerste keer daarin geslaag om ’n reeks teen ’n gevestigde rugbyland te beklink.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1960/1968.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1968 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=18 Desember 1968 |accessdate=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925135649/https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1960/1968.pdf |archive-date=25 September 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ’n Jaar later het die [[Skotse nasionale rugbyspan|Skotte]] vir die eerste keer Argentinië besoek en ook in twee nieamptelike toetswedstryde teen die Poemas gespeel. Argentinië het die eerste maklik gewen, maar in die tweede ’n naelskraapse nederlaag gely, waardeur dié reeks gelykop geëindig het.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1960/1969.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1969 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=22 Desember 1969 |accessdate=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926033523/https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1960/1969.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Gedurende die 1970’s het Argentinië sy opkoms as ’n topspan voortgesit. [[Hugo Porta]], wat vanaf 1971 tot 1990 vir die Poemas uitgedraf het, het ’n leidende rol ingeneem en was in hierdie tydperk een van die wêreld se beste spelers op [[losskakel]]. In Junie en Julie 1971 het Argentinië ’n verdere toer na Suid-Afrika onderneem en soos ses jaar tevore weer goeie resultate behaal. Hulle het onder andere teen die ''Gaselle'', die Suid-Afrikaanse o/23-span, ’n oorwinning en ’n nederlaag aangeteken. Oorspronklik was ’n wedstryd ook in Rhodesië beplan, maar dié moes onder druk van die Argentynse regering afgelas word.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=http://uar.com.ar/pdf/memorias/1971.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1971 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=27 Desember 1971 |accessdate=1 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101073132/http://uar.com.ar/pdf/memorias/1971.pdf |archive-date=1 November 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In Oktober en November 1973 het die Poemas na Ierland en Skotland getoer en in agt wedstryde gespeel. Hulle het albei nieamptelike wedstryde teen die nasionale spanne verloor, maar teen Skotland met slegs één punt.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=http://uar.com.ar/pdf/memorias/1973.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1973 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=20 Desember 1973 |accessdate=1 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101074125/http://uar.com.ar/pdf/memorias/1973.pdf |archive-date=1 November 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Hul onoorwonne lopie in amptelike toetswedstryde sedert 1961 het in Junie 1974 geëindig, nadat die Poemas teen die Franse twee naelskraapse nederlae gely het. In Oktober 1975 het twee verdere toetsnederlae tydens hul Franse toer gevolg, waar hulle in sewe wedstryde gespeel het.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=http://uar.com.ar:80/pdf/memorias/1975.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1975 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=15 Desember 1975 |accessdate=4 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904000217/http://uar.com.ar/pdf/memorias/1975.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> ’n Jaar later het die Argentyne Wallis en Engeland vir ses wedstryde besoek. In die nieamptelike wedstryd teen die Walliese span op 16 Oktober 1976 in [[Cardiff]] was die Poemas op die punt van ’n historiese oorwinning oor die destyds beste span van die [[Noordelike Halfrond]]. Slegs ’n strafskop deur [[Phil Bennett]] ná ’n oortreding deur [[Gabriel Travaglini]] in die doodsnikke van die wedstryd het die Walliesers die wedstryd met 20–19 laat beklink.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/sport/rugby/rugby-news/john-taylor-dan-biggar-top-10726060 |title=From John Taylor to Dan Biggar… the top 10 greatest pressure kicks in Welsh rugby's modern era |publisher=Wales Online |date=13 Januarie 2016 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> ’n Maand later het die Poemas vir die eerste keer die [[All Blacks]] uit [[Nieu-Seeland]] vir twee nieamptelike tuiswedstryde verwelkom, maar albei swak verloor. Op 2 Julie 1977 het die Poemas tuis vir die eerste keer gelykop teen Frankryk gespeel. In September en Oktober 1978 het hulle weer deur Europa getoer en in nege wedstryde gespeel. Hul eerste ontmoeting met die [[Engelse nasionale rugbyspan|Engelse nasionale span]] (sonder toetswedstrydstatus) het op 14 Oktober 1978 in ’n verrassende 13–13-gelykop geëindig. Tien dae later is hulle in die eerste toetswedstryd teen [[Italiaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Italië]] met 19–6 verslaan.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1970/1978.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1978 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=28 Desember 1978 |accessdate=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926032301/https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1970/1978.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
=== Vestiging en erkenning ===
[[Lêer:Argentina v uruguay final sudamericano rugby 1983.jpg|duimnael|links|Argentinië teen Uruguay tydens die Suid-Amerikaanse Rugbykampioenskap 1983]]
[[Lêer:Porta pumas vs france.jpg|duimnael|upright|Hugo Porta het 19 jaar vir die Poemas gespeel en 590 punte aangeteken]]
[[Lêer:Pumas allblacks 1985.jpg|duimnael|links|Die Poemas kon op 2 November 1985 ’n 21–21-gelykop teen die All Blacks afdwing]]
In Augustus en September 1979 het die Poemas op uitnodiging deur die [[Nieu-Seeland Rugby|Nieu-Seelandse Rugbyvoetbalunie]] vir die eerste keer deur Nieu-Seeland getoer, waar hulle ses van sewe wedstryde teen plaaslike spanne gewen het. Hulle is egter in albei nieamptelike toetswedstryde deur die All Blacks naelskraap verslaan. Sowat twee maande later het Argentinië vir die eerste keer die [[Wallabies]], die Australiese nasionale span, gehuisves. Die eerste toetswedstryd op 27 Oktober het die Poemas met 24–13 gewen en in die tweede op 3 November het die Wallabies wraak geneem en met 17–12 gewen.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1970/1979.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1979 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=17 Desember 1979 |accessdate=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926041732/https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1970/1979.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Sedertdien erken al die lede van die redelik eksklusiewe IRVR elke wedstryd teen die Poemas as ’n toetswedstryd. Net soos die ander leidende rugbylande was die Argentynse verhoudinge met die [[Suid-Afrika]] onder [[apartheid]] ambivalent. Ter omseiling van die regering se verbod op alle wedstryde teen Suid-Afrikaanse spanne is in 1980 die “skaduspan” [[Sudamérica XV]] gestig. Vir die span het spelers uit vyf Suid-Amerikaanse lande uitgedraf, maar die Argentyne het die meeste spelers beskikbaar gestel (insluitende baie nasionale spelers). Die span is nie deur die UAR amptelik erken nie, maar in die geheim geduld. Gedurende die volgende vier jaar het die ''Sudamérica XV'' agt keer teen die Springbokke gespeel, maar hulle kon slegs een wedstryd wen, op 3 April 1982 in [[Bloemfontein]].<ref>{{fr}} {{cite book |author=Henri Garcia |title=La fabuleuse histoire du rugby |publisher=Éditions de La Martinière |location=[[Parys]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-2-7324-4528-1 |pages=611–612}}</ref>
In November 1980 het die Poemas vir die eerste keer [[Fidjiaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Fidji]] gehuisves en albei toetswedstryde gewen. In Mei en Junie 1981 het die Engelse vir die eerste keer Argentinië vir toetswedstryde besoek en die Poemas het in die eerste wedstryd gelykop gespeel.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=http://uar.com.ar/pdf/memorias/1981.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1981 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=14 Desember 1981 |accessdate=1 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101072403/http://uar.com.ar/pdf/memorias/1981.pdf |archive-date=1 November 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> As gevolg van die [[Falklandoorlog]] sou die Poemas oor die volgende nege jaar in geen wedstryd teen die vier Britse Tuisnasies speel nie. Aangesien dié oorlog ná slegs twee en ’n half maande beëindig is en grootliks buite die rugbyseisoen besleg is, is die speelprogram min aangetas. Reeds in November 1982 het die Poemas weer deur Europa getoer; hulle het twee keer teen Frankryk en vir die eerste keer teen [[Spaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Spanje]] te staan gekom.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1980/1982.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1982 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=27 Desember 1982 |accessdate=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926030434/https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1980/1982.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Tydens hul toer na Australië in Julie en Augustus 1983 het die Poemas hul eerste wegoorwinning oor die Wallabies aangeteken. Die jaar 1985 word as een van die mees suksesvolle in die Argentynse rugbygeskiedenis beskou. Frankryk het na Suid-Amerika getoer en onder andere twee keer teen die Poemas gespeel. In die eerste toetswedstryd op 22 Junie het Argentinië sy eerste oorwinning oor dié span aangeteken. Vyf maande later het hulle die onoorwinlik blykende All Blacks gehuisves. In die eerste toetswedstryd is hulle soos verwag met 33–20 verslaan, maar die Poemas kon hiervan herstel en hulle in ’n 21–21-gelykop vasbind; selfs ’n oorwinning was glo moontlik. Die uitstekende Hugo Porta het al die punte van die Poemas aangeteken. Tot vandag toe word dié wedstryd as ’n mylpaal beskou.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/deportes/rugby/a-mano-con-los-all-blacks-nid527829/ |title=A mano con los All Blacks |publisher=La Nación |date=16 September 2003 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> In 1986 het Argentinië Frankryk gehuisves en die eerste van die twee toetswedstryde gewen. In dieselfde jaar het hulle deur Australië getoer, maar die Poemas is in albei toetswedstryde deur die Wallabies verslaan.
In Mei 1985 het die IRVR op invoering van die [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooi besluit. Aan die nuwe toernooi sou oorspronklik slegs lede kon deelneem, maar die Franse beheerliggaamspresident [[Albert Ferrasse]] het vir sy instemming geëis, dat ook nielede mag deelneem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/1987-rugby-world-cup/the-world-cup-is-born |title=1987 Rugby World Cup: The long road to the cup |publisher=New Zealand History |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Vervolgens is onder andere Argentinië vir die toernooi genooi. In Maart 1987 het die Argentynse beheerliggaam ’n volle lid van die IRVR geword.<ref name="Wêreldrugby" /><ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1980/1987.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1987 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=4 Desember 1987 |accessdate=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926031219/https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1980/1987.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In Oktober 1988 was die UAR in [[Asunción]] een van die vastelandse beheerliggaam CONSUR (''Confederación Sudamericana de Rugby'', “Suid-Amerikaanse Rugbykonfederasie”; nou [[Suid-Amerika Rugby]], SAR) se stigterslede; die ander was [[Brasiliaanse Rugbykonfederasie|Brasilië]], [[Nasionale Rugbysportfederasie|Chili]], [[Paraguaanse Rugbyunie|Paraguay]] en [[Uruguaanse Rugbyunie|Uruguay]].<ref name="SAR" /> Aan die begin van die eerste [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987]] in Australië en Nieu-Seeland was die Argentyne vol selfvertoue dat hulle ten minste die kwarteindstryd sou haal. In die eerste wedstryd het hulle egter ’n onverwagse 9–28-nederlaag teen Fidji gely. Aansluitend het hulle Italië met 25–16 verslaan en is soos verwag deur Nieu-Seeland geklop (met 15–46), waarvolgens Argentinië met die Fidjiane en die Italianers gelyk aan punte was en die laaste plek beklee het. In teenstelling met latere toernooie, waar die punteverskil beslissend is, was vir die kwarteindstrydkwalifisering die aantal gedrukte [[Drie (sport)|drieë]] belangrik; andersins sou Argentinië die tweede plek behaal en tot die uitklopfase gevorder het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1987/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1987: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
=== Tyd van oorgang ===
[[Lêer:Agustín Pichot - En Casa Rosada - 08FEB07 -presidencia-govar.jpg|duimnael|links|upright|Agustín Pichot het tussen 1995 en 2007 in vier rugbywêreldbekertoernooie vir die Poemas gespeel]]
In 1988 het Argentinië vier keer teen Frankryk gespeel (elk twee keer tuis en weg) en een tuisoorwinning aangeteken. In 1989 het die Poemas tuis vir die nederlaag tydens die rugbywêreldbekertoernooi teen Italië wraak geneem en aansluitend vir nege wedstryde na Nieu-Seeland getoer, maar hulle het die twee toetswedstryde teen die All Blacks swak verloor. Tydens die rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering in 1989/90 het die Poemas gesukkel: Hulle het albei wedstryde teen die [[Verenigde State se nasionale rugbyspan|Verenigde State]] gewen, maar hulle is ook twee keer deur [[Kanadese nasionale rugbyspan|Kanada]] verslaan. In Julie en Augustus 1990 het Engeland Argentinië besoek. Dit was die eerste besoek deur ’n Britse span sedert die Falklandoorlog; vervolgens is dit deur struwelinge tussen die spelers en die toeskouers gekenmerk. Engeland het oor ’n oorwegend onervare span beskik en die Poemas het die tweede toetswedstryd naelskraap gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbypass.com/news/jason-leonard-the-day-the-england-fun-bus-started/ |title='My jersey was covered in blood' – The day the England Fun Bus started its record breaking journey |publisher=rugbypass.com |author=Chris Jones |date=26 April 2020 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Die Poemas se toer na Groot-Brittanje in Oktober en November dieselfde jaar was minder suksesvol. Hulle het hul eerste amptelike toetswedstryd teen Ierland naelskraaps verloor. Die wedstryde teen Engeland (met 0–51) en die eerste ontmoeting met [[Skotse nasionale rugbyspan|Skotland]] (3–49) het rampspoedig verloop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbypass.com/news/jason-leonard-the-day-the-england-fun-bus-started/ |title=Ackford felled as England trounce Pumas |publisher=rugbypass.com |author=Richard Seeckts |date=3 November 1990 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
Die All Blacks se toer na Argentinië in Julie 1991 het nie veel beter verloop nie, aangesien albei toetswedstryde in nederlae geëindig het. Hierdie swak fase aan die begin van die 1990’s was die gevolg van ’n grootskaalse verandering in die span, nadat baie sleutelspelers hul loopbane beëindig het. Vervolgens is baie spelers met min ondervinding vir die nasionale span gekies. Hiervan getuig veral die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991]] in die destydse Vyfnasies. Argentinië is in al drie poelwedstryde deur Australië, Wallis en [[Samoaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Wes-Samoa]] oorrompel en hulle is met die laaste plek uit die toernooi geskakel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1991/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1991: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Ná twee tuisnederlae teen Frankryk in Julie 1992 het die Poemas gedurende [[herfs]] deur Europa getoer. Hulle het Spanje twee keer en [[Roemeense nasionale rugbyspan|Roemenië]] een keer geklop. Hul noemenswaardigste prestasie was ’n 24–20-oorwinning oor Frankryk in [[Nantes]], hul eerste wegoorwinning oor dié span. Die jaar 1993 het twee premières gesien: In Mei het hulle vir die eerste keer [[Japannese nasionale rugbyspan|Japan]] gehuisves en in November het hulle in Buenos Aires hul eerste amptelike toetswedstryde teen [[Springbokke|Suid-Afrika]] gespeel, nadat die apartheidsboikot beëindig is. Terwyl hulle die Japannese twee keer verslaan het, is die Poemas twee keer deur die Springbokke geklop.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1990/1993.pdf |title=Memoria y Balance 1993 |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=20 Desember 1993 |accessdate=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926022912/https://www.uar.com.ar/wp-content/themes/wpbootstrap/pdf/1990/1993.pdf |archive-date=26 September 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Tydens die rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering in Mei 1994 het die Poemas die enigste plek van die Amerikas teen die Verenigde State beklink. ’n Maand later het Skotland Argentinië besoek en is in albei toetswedstryde verslaan. Daarteenoor het die Suid-Afrika-toer in Oktober in twee toetsnederlae teen die Springbokke geëindig, in April en Mei 1995 het hulle tydens hul toer na Australië twee verdere nederlae teen die Wallabies gely. Die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995]] in Suid-Afrika het soos vier jaar tevore teleurstellend verloop. Die Poemas is deur Engeland, Wes-Samoa en Italië elk naelskraap met ses punte verslaan en hulle het weereens in die laaste plek geëindig.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1995/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1995: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> In Augustus 1995 het die Internasionale Rugbyvoetbalraad (IRVR; nou [[Wêreldrugby]]) al die beperkinge rakende die spelers se betaling opgehef en daarmee die professionele tydperk van die rugbyspel ingelui. Nogtans bly rugby in Argentinië tot op hede veral ’n amateursport. Van die beste spelers wat ’n professionele loopbaan nastreef, sluit dus by oorsese klubs aan (veral in Engeland en Frankryk). In teenstelling met die meeste ander tradisionele rugbylande mag dié spelers vir die nasionale span uitdraf en hulle vorm die grootste deel van die span. Enkele spelers met ’n Italiaanse herkoms verkies die Italiaanse span bo die Argentynse s’n; bekende voorbeelde sluit in [[Martin Castrogiovanni]], [[Diego Domínguez]] en [[Sergio Parisse]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.americasrugbynews.com/2020/05/17/italy-name-all-time-6-nations-dream-team-with-argentine-players/ |title=Italy names All-time 6 Nations Dream Team with Argentine players |publisher=Americas Rugby News |date=17 Mei 2020 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
[[Lêer:Gonzalo Quesada - US Oyonnax vs. Stade français, 30th August 2014.jpg|duimnael|Gonzalo Quesada]]
Omdat die Argentynse beheerliggaam destyds nie ’n lid van die konsortium [[SANZAAR|SANZAR]] was nie, het die Poemas aanvanklik nie aan die nuwe [[Die Rugbykampioenskap|Drienasiereeks]] deelgeneem nie. Hulle was dus vir ’n lang tydperk die enigste vlak-een-span wat nie aan ’n jaarlikse toernooi deelgeneem het nie. Die Poemas het voortgegaan om aan die Suid-Amerikaanse Rugbykampioenskap en die kortstondige Pan-Amerikaanse kampioenskap deel te neem. Hulle het ook in die ''Copa Latina'' gespeel (saam met Italië, Frankryk en Roemenië), maar dit is ná slegs twee seisoene weer geskrap. Gedurende die tradisionele toere was oorwinnings oor vlak-een-spanne skaars: Die Poemas het in 1997 Engeland en Australië tuis een keer elk verslaan en in 1999 Skotland weg. Die Pan-Amerikaanse Rugbykampioenskap 1998 het deel gevorm van die rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering. Tydens dié toernooi het Argentinië die Verenigde State, Kanada en Uruguay maklik verslaan. Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999]] in die destydse Vyfnasies was Argentinië in teenstelling met vorige toernooie baie suksesvol. Ná hul naelskraapse nederlaag teen die nominelle gasheer Wallis het hulle Samoa en Japan verslaan. Met hul derde plek in die poel het die Poemas aan die uitspeelrondte deelgeneem en vir die eerste keer Ierland verslaan. In die daaropvolgende kwarteindstryd is hulle deur Frankryk uit die toernooi geskakel. Oor die hele toernooi heen was die losskakel [[Gonzalo Quesada]] die speler wat die meeste punte aangeteken het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1999/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1999: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
=== Die nuwe millennium ===
[[Lêer:Argentina England rugby.jpg|duimnael|Die Poemas tydens hul oorwinning in November 2006 oor Engeland op Twickenham]]
In April 2000 is [[Marcelo Loffreda]] as die nuwe hoofafrigter aangestel; hy het die eerste geword wat die span vir meer as twee jaar afgerig het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/rugby/story/_/id/15344448/loffreda-named-new-pumas-coach |title=Loffreda is named new Pumas coach |publisher=ESPNscrum |date=5 April 2000 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Intussen het baie spelers in Europa kontrakte gesluit, waarvolgens hy die seisoenvoorbereiding vir die eerste keer in Frankryk gehou het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/rugby/story/_/id/15347069/pumas-make-history |title=Pumas make history |publisher=ESPNscrum |date=27 September 2000 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Onder sy leierskap het die Poemas noemenswaardige prestasies behaal. In November 2001 het hulle in Cardiff Wallis vir die eerste keer verslaan. ’n Maand later is hulle in Buenos Aires naelskraap deur die All Blacks met 24–20 geklop, nadat hulle tot net voor die eindfluitjie voor was.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/rugby-three-times-argentina-almost-beat-the-all-blacks/S545ZIFBOLV5IITHRSUUELB5ZY/ |title=Rugby: Three times Argentina almost beat the All Blacks |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |date=7 Februarie 2016 |accessdate=7 Oktober 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007022353/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/rugby-three-times-argentina-almost-beat-the-all-blacks/S545ZIFBOLV5IITHRSUUELB5ZY/ |archive-date=7 Oktober 2023 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Tydens die Suid-Amerikaanse Rugbykampioenskap 2002 het die Poemas hulle hoogste oorwinning in dié tyd aangeteken: 152–0 teen [[Paraguaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Paraguay]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Ray Stubbs |title=The Sports Book |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4053-3697-0 |page=119}}</ref> In 2002/03 het hulle drie opeenvolgende oorwinnings oor Frankryk aangeteken. Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003]] in Australië het op die nederlaag in die eerste wedstryd teen die gasheer twee oorwinnings oor [[Namibiese nasionale rugbyspan|Namibië]] en Roemenië gevolg. Voor die laaste poelwedstryd in [[Adelaide, Australië|Adelaide]] het beide Argentinië en Ierland die kans gehad om tot die kwarteindrondte te vorder, maar die Poemas is naelskraap met 16–15 verslaan.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2003/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2003: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
Ondanks hierdie teleurstelling het die Poemas hul goeie prestasies voortgesit. Onder andere het hulle in November 2004 die destyds leidende Sesnasies-span Frankryk in [[Marseille]] met 24–14 geklop, dit was die Franse se eerste nederlaag in dié stad.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/international/4015729.stm |title=France 14–24 Argentina |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=20 November 2014 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> in Mei 2005 het die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus]] in voorbereiding op hul Nieu-Seeland-toer in Cardiff teen die Poemas gespeel. Aangesien baie sleutelspelers deur hul klubs nie vrygestel is nie, moes die Poemas tweede- en derdekeusespelers inspan. Die Leeus se lustelose houding het die Argentyne amper aan die rand van ’n verrassende oorwinning gebring. Slegs ’n strafskop deur [[Jonny Wilkinson]] in beseringstyd het dié wedstryd in ’n 25–25-gelykop laat eindig.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/international/4571967.stm |title=Lions 25–25 Argentina |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=23 Mei 2005 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> In 2005/06 het die Poemas Italië en Skotland verslaan. Die 2006 midjaarrugbytoetsreeks was op verskeie maniere onvergeetlik, waartydens Argentinië die Walliesers gehuisves het. Die Poemas het vir die eerste keer daarin geslaag om ’n reeks van twee toetswedstryde teen dié span te beklink. Die eerste wedstryd op 11 Junie was ook die eerste toetswedstryd wat in [[Patagonië]] aangebied is. Die gaste is deur die bevolking in [[Puerto Madryn]], een van die plekke waar gedurende die 1860’s ’n groter aantal [[Walliesers]] hulle gevestig het en waar die [[Wallies]]e taal tot op hede gepraat word, warm verwelkom.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/international/5063934.stm |title=Argentina 27–25 Wales |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=11 Junie 2006 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> ’n Week ná die tweede oorwinning oor Wallis het die Poemas die All Blacks in Buenos Aires amper weer oorrompel, maar het naelskraap met 19–25 verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/international/5101456.stm |title=Argentina 19–25 New Zealand |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=25 Junie 2006 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
In Julie 2006 het die Poemas ná oorwinnings oor Chili en Uruguay maklik vir die volgende [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007]] in Frankryk gekwalifiseer. Tydens die 2006 eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks in November het hulle met hul eerste wegoorwinning oor Engeland ’n verdere mylpaal aangeteken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/6133484.stm |title=England 18–25 Argentina |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=11 November 2006 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> In Februarie 2007 het die [[Londen]]se ''The Sunday Times'' berig, dat die IRR met die SANZAR-konsortium oor ’n moontlike aansluiting van Argentinië en vervolgens hul deelname aan die Drienasiesreeks vanaf 2008 onderhandel. Weens logistiese oorwegings (veral die groot afstand tussen Argentinië en Europa) het die [[Sesnasies-toernooi]] nie ingestem om Argentinië op te neem nie. Die IRR was derhalwe oortuig dat die Drienasies ’n geskikte toernooi vir ’n span van die Suidelike Halfrond sou wees en hulle is deur Suid-Afrika daarin ondersteun. Australië en Nieu-Seeland was blykbaar ook nie daarteen gekant nie. Aan die begin was die UAR self die grootste hindernis, aangesien baie beheerliggaamslede aan die Argentynse rugby se amateurstatus vasgeklou het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/rugby/article1434537.ece |title=Ambitious Argentina poised to secure Tri Nations place |publisher=[[The Times]] |author=Nick Cain |date=25 Februarie 2007 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025 |archive-date= 6 Maart 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306181619/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
=== Aansluiting by die wêreldklas ===
[[Lêer:2007 Corleto Paris.jpg|duimnael|links|Argentinië se Corleto op pad om ’n drie te druk in die openingswedstryd van die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007]] waar die Argentynse span verras het met ’n oorwinning oor Frankryk]]
[[Lêer:Paul O'Connell Ireland Rugby.jpg|duimnael|Argentinië teen Ierland tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker 2007 in Frankryk. Die Poemas het die wedstryd met 30–15 gewen.]]
[[Lêer:Argentina vs England 2011 RWC (1).jpg|duimnael|links|Die Poemas teen Engeland tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]] in Nieu-Seeland]]
[[Lêer:Manchester-Rugby-Push-ups-at-Old-Trafford.jpg|duimnael|Opstote op Old Trafford, Manchester, voor ’n rugbywedstryd tussen Argentinië en Engeland in 2009]]
[[Lêer:Contepomi taking kick.jpg|duimnael|upright|Felipe Contepomi, die Argentynse [[Kaptein (sport)|kaptein]] tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]]
Die 2007 midjaarrugbytoetsreeks het as ’n voorbereiding op die volgende Rugbywêreldbeker in Frankryk gedien. In die twee tuiswedstryde teen Ierland het albei spanne nie met hul beste spelers uitgedraf nie; die gasheer het albei wedstryde gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/irish/6715723.stm |title=Argentina 16–0 Ireland |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=2 Junie 2007 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Daarop het ’n tuisoorwinning oor Italië en ’n wegnederlaag teen Wallis gevolg. Voor die Rugbywêreldbeker 2007 is die Poemas in die sogenaamde “doodsgroep” met twee van die beste spanne op die wêreldranglys geloot: Ierland en Frankryk. Hulle het vir die derde keer in die openingswedstryd teen die gasheer te staan gekom. Teen alle verwagtinge het die Argentyne met 17–12 ’n verrassende oorwinning aangeteken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/6984647.stm |title=Coach asks Argentina to stay calm |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=8 September 2007 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Aansluitend het hulle [[Georgiese nasionale rugbyspan|Georgië]] met 33–3 en Namibië met 63–3 verslaan. Met hul 30–15-oorwinning oor Ierland in [[Parys]] het hulle die eerste plek op die punteleër beklee.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/irish/7018298.stm |title=Argentina 30–15 Ireland |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=30 September 2007 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> In die kwarteindstryd het die Poemas Skotland met 19–13 geklop. Hul wenreeks is eers in die halfendstryd deur die latere kampioen Suid-Afrika met 13–37 beëindig. In die wedstryd om die derde plek op die Paryse [[Parc des Princes]] het die Poemas weer Frankryk ontmoet en die gasheer met 34–10 maklik verslaan.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2007/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2007: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
Die derde plek was tot dusver Argentinië se beste prestasie tydens ’n rugbywêreldbekertoernooi. Vir die eerste keer het ’n span wat aan nóg die Sesnasies-toernooi nóg die Drienasiesreeks deelneem die halfeindstryd gehaal. Die Poemas is deur die sokker-gekke Argentyne só sterk ondersteun, dat die ''Superclásico'', die [[Derby (sport)|derby]] tussen die sokkerklubs [[Boca Juniors]] en [[River Plate]] herskeduleer is om nie met die Poemas se kwarteindstryd te bots nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://sportal.co.nz/default.aspx/rugby-union-rwc-news-display/contepomis-field-of-dreams-36998 |title=Contepomi's field of dreams |publisher=Sportal.co.nz |date=9 Oktober 2007 |accessdate=11 Oktober 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011153113/http://sportal.co.nz/default.aspx/rugby-union-rwc-news-display/contepomis-field-of-dreams-36998 |archive-date=11 Oktober 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In die nasleep van die Argentynse prestasies tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker het die IRR tydens ’n vergadering op verskeie aktiwiteite ter wêreldwye bevordering van die rugbyspel besluit. Onder andere sou die Poemas, wat destyds die derde plek op die wêreldranglys beklee het, se aantal jaarlikse toetswedstryde tot in 2010 van voorheen ses tot tien verhoog word. Eweneens sou in Argentinië tussen 2008 en 2010 ’n plaaslike professionele infrastruktuur implementeer word, waardeur die meeste Argentynse spelers tuis professionele rugby sou kon speel. Teen 2012 sou die Poemas “volledig in die Suidelike Halfrond se hoëklasstruktuur geïntegreer wees”.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.irishrugby.ie/2007/11/30/rugby-lays-foundations-for-continued-growth/ |title=Rugby lays foundations for continued growth |publisher=[[Ierse Rugbyvoetbalunie]] |date=30 November 2007 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
In Maart 2008 het Marcelo Loffreda as hoofafrigter bedank en hy is deur Santiago Phelan opgevolg.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/7295542.stm |title=Phelan named new Argentina coach |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=13 Maart 2008 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Onder sy leiding het die span ’n lang swak fase ondergaan. Tydens die 2008 midjaarrugbytoetsreeks is die Poemas deur Skotland, Italië en Suid-Afrika verslaan, tydens die 2008 eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks ook deur Frankryk en Ierland. In Junie 2009 het die Britse pers berig, dat die UAR vir die Britse en Ierse Leeus gevra het om tydens hul beplande 2013-toer na Australië ook in Argentinië toetswedstryde en wedstryde teen plaaslike spanne te speel,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/rugbyunion/international/britishandirishlionsrugby/5517563/Lions-2009-Argentina-look-for-future-tour.html |title=Lions 2009: Argentina look for future tour While the British and Irish Lions play in front of apathetic half-empty stadiums in South Africa, Argentina look on with growing frustration and anger |publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=13 Junie 2009 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> wat egter nie gebeur het nie. In 2009 het die Poemas ondanks die IRR se voorneme slegs vyf toetswedstryde gespeel, waartydens hulle ’n oorwinning elk teen Engeland en Skotland aangeteken het. Vanaf die volgende jaar het hul aantal wedstryde teen spanne van die eerste vlak egter aansienlik toegeneem, maar die Poemas het gemengde resultate behaal. Tydens die 2010 midjaarrugbytoetsreeks het hulle twee opeenvolgende nederlae teen die Skotte gely, voordat hulle ’n uitstekende 41–13-oorwinning oor die destydse Sesnasies-kampioen Frankryk aangeteken het (hul hoogste teen dié span).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/8765454.stm |title=Felipe Contepomi stars as Argentina thrash France |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=26 Junie 2010 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
Ná gemengde resultate tydens hul voorbereiding op die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]] in Nieu-Seeland met wedstryde teen keurspanne en Ierland was die Poemas nie een van die gunstelinge tydens dié toernooi nie. Die Poemas het hul poelfase met ’n 9–13-nederlaag teen Engeland begin, hoewel hulle 60 minute lang voor was. Ná hul 43–8-oorwinning oor Roemenië was die derde poelwedstryd teen Skotland vir albei spanne beslissend. ’n Laat drie deur die plaasvervanger [[Agsteman]] [[Lucas González Amorosino]] en die doelskop het die Poemas dié wedstryd met 13–12 laat beklink. Met ’n 25–9-oorwinning oor Georgië het die Poemas die tweede plek behaal. In die kwarteindstryd teen die gasheer en latere kampioen het die Poemas ná 30 minuut verrassend met 7–6 voorgeloop. Maar die All Blacks het die wedstryd begin oorheers en eindelik met 33–10 gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2011/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2011: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Ondanks hierdie nederlaag is die Poemas se toernooi as ’n sukses beskou, nadat hulle vir die tweede opeenvolgende keer tot die uitklopfase gevorder het.
=== Opname in die Rugbykampioenskap ===
[[Lêer:Rugby Italy vs Argentina 2013.jpg|duimnael|Wedstryd tussen Italië en Argentinië in Rome, 2013]]
[[Lêer:15-09 RWC New Zealand vs Argentina 107 (21588741841).jpg|duimnael|Die Poemas teen die All Blacks op [[Wembley-stadion|Wembley]] tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015]]]]
In November 2011 het die SANZAR-konsortium aangekondig, dat die Argentynse beheerliggaam aangesluit het en die Poemas vanaf die volgende jaar aan die Suidelike Halfrond se toernooi sou kon deelneem (saam met Australië, Nieu-Seeland en Suid-Afrika). Dié toernooi se naam sou van Drienasiesreeks na [[die Rugbykampioenskap]] verander. Dit het vir die Poemas die moontlikheid gebied om vanaf nou jaarliks teen internasionale topspanne te speel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/15637018 |title=Argentina join Tri-Nations trio Australia, New Zealand & South Africa |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=8 November 2011 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Op 18 August 2012 het Argentinië in [[Kaapstad]] teen Suid-Afrika sy eerste wedstryd tydens die [[2012-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] gespeel. Hulle het met 6–27 verloor, maar een week later kon die Poemas die Springbokke in [[Mendoza]] in ’n gelykop vasbind.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/rugby-union/argentina-vs-south-africa/51892 |title=Pumas halt Springboks charge |publisher=Sky Sports |date=25 Augustus 2012 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Argentinië was ook in staat om teen die Wallabies mee te ding en hulle is in albei wedstryde net naelskraap verslaan, terwyl die nederlae teen die All Blacks swak was. Ondanks hul laaste plek het die Poemas gewys dat hulle mededingend is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworld.com/countries/argentina-countries/the-rugby-championship-review-argentina-23468 |title=The Rugby Championship Review: Argentina |publisher=Rugby World |author=Owain Jones |date=9 Oktober 2012 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
In April en Mai 2013 het Argentinië vir die laaste keer aan ’n Suid-Amerikaanse Rugbykampioenskap deelgeneem en weer onoorwonne gebly. Andersins was dié jaar minder suksesvol. Op twee swak nederlae teen Engeland tydens die 2013 midjaarrugbytoetsreeks het in Johannesburg in die eerste wedstryd tydens die [[2013-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] met 13–73 hul ergste nederlaag teen Suid-Afrika gevolg.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://en.espn.co.uk/the-rugby-championship-2013/rugby/story/195009.html |title=Springboks power to record victory over Pumas |author=Owain Jones |publisher=ESPNscrum |date=17 Augustus 2013 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> In die ander wedstryde tydens dié toernooi het die Poemas ook sonder ’n oorwinning gebly. In die laaste wedstryd in Rosario het hulle teen die Wallabies met 17–54 nog ’n rekordnederlaag gely.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://en.espn.co.uk/scrum/rugby/story/201041.html |title=Wallabies humble Pumas in Rosario |publisher=ESPNscrum |date=6 Oktober 2013 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> In Oktober 2013 het Santiago Phelan weens die reeks swak nederlae as hoofafrigter bedank. ’n Week later het die UAR hom met Daniel Hourcade vervang.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=http://www.uar.com.ar/noticias/noticias.asp?idinfo=2287 |title=Daniel Hourcade, nuevo Head Coach de Los Pumas |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=29 Oktober 2013 |accessdate=1 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101201418/http://www.uar.com.ar/noticias/noticias.asp?idinfo=2287 |archive-date=1 November 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Hy het aanvanklik ook nie daarin geslaag om die Poemas se afwaartse neiging om te keer nie. Onder hom het die Poemas binne ses maande teen al die vier Tuisunies verloor. Tydens die [[2014-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] het die Poemas weer beter gevaar en slegs drie naelskraapse nederlae gely. Aansluitend het hulle in Mendoza die Wallabies verslaan, hul eerste oorwinning in dié toernooi en hul eerste teen dié span sedert 1997.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://en.espn.co.uk/scrum/rugby/story/243331.html |title=Pumas win first Rugby Championship match |publisher=ESPNscrum |date=5 Oktober 2014 |accessdate=7 Oktober 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007022347/http://en.espn.co.uk/scrum/rugby/story/243331.html |archive-date=7 Oktober 2023 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Tydens die [[2014 eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] het die Poemas hul opwaartse neiging onderstreep en beide Italië en Frankryk weg verslaan. In hul laaste wedstryd tydens die [[2015-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] het hulle in [[Durban]] Suid-Afrika met 37–25 geklop, hul eerste oorwinning oor dié span. Hulle het ook vir die eerste keer nie in die laaste plek geëindig nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/33838013 |title=Rugby Championship: South Africa 25–37 Argentina |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=8 Augustus 2015 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Tydens die daaropvolgende [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015]] in Engeland het Argentinië ook oortuig. In hul eerste poelwedstryd teen Nieu-Seeland het die Poemas taai geveg en was teen halftyd met 13–12 voor, maar hulle het eindelik met 16–26 verloor. Aansluitend het hulle Georgië (met 54–9), [[Tongaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Tonga]] (met 45–16) en Namibië (met 64–19) verslaan. Die Poemas het die tweede plek agter Nieu-Seeland behaal en tot die uitklopfase gevorder. Hul speel was deur ’n vloeiende, vermaaklike en aggressiewe styl gekenmerk, waardeur hulle altesaam 22 drieë in die vier poelwedstryde gedruk het. In die kwarteindstryd teen Ierland was Argentinië op een stip met 17–0 voor. Die Iere was aan die begin van die tweede helfte op 20–17, maar die Poemas het weer die leisels oorgeneem en die wedstryd met 43–20 beklink. In die halfeindstryd het hulle teen Australië te staan gekom, maar teen die Wallabies se verdediging gesukkel en met 15–29 verloor. In die wedstryd om die derde plek is die Poemas deur Suid-Afrika met 13–24 verslaan. Nogtans was die vierde plek hul naasbeste prestasie tydens ’n rugbywêreldbekertoernooi.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2015/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2015: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
In 2016 het hulle drie tuisoorwinnings oor Italië, Frankryk en Suid-Afrika aangeteken, maar gedurende die volgende jare was daar min suksesse. Die Poemas is drie opeenvolgende keer deur Engeland verslaan en tydens die [[2017-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] het hulle nie ’n oorwinning aangeteken nie. Ná verdere nederlae teen al die vier Britse Tuisunies het Daniel Hourcade in Junie 2018 as hoofafrigter bedank. Hy is aan die begin van Augustus deur die voormalige nasionale speler Mario Ledesma opgevolg.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.americasrugbynews.com/2018/08/01/mario-ledesma-named-new-head-coach-of-argentina/ |title=Mario Ledesma named Head Coach of Argentina |publisher=Americas Rugby News |date=1 Augustus 2018 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Tydens die daaropvolgende [[2017-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] het die Poemas beide Australië en Suid-Afrika verslaan, waardeur hulle vir die eerste keer twee oorwinnings tydens dié toernooi aangeteken het. Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2019]] in [[Japan]] is Argentinië saam met Engeland en Frankryk in ’n “doodsgroep” geplaas. Hulle is in die eerste groepwedstryd deur die Franse naelskraap met 21–23 verslaan. Aansluitend het hulle Tonga met 28–12 verslaan. Nadat hul mededinger Frankryk ook goed presteer het, het hul toernooiverloop op die derde groepwedstryd teen Engeland neergekom. ’n Rooi kaart teen [[Tomás Lavanini]] in die 17de minuut het alle hoop laat vaar en die Engelse het die wedstryd maklik met 39–10 beklink. Die Poemas het die laaste wedstryd teen die Verenigde State maklik met 47–17 gewen, maar hulle het slegs in die derde plek geëindig en is vervolgens uit die toernooi geskakel, maar hulle het hul regstreekse kwalifisering vir die volgende [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023]] in Frankryk verseker.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/pools |title=Pools |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
=== Onlangse ontwikkeling ===
Weens die wêreldwye [[Covid-19-pandemie]] en die daarmee gepaardgaande reisbeperkings het Argentinië in 2020 slegs vier toetswedstryde gespeel. Nadat Suid-Afrika homself aan die jaarlikse toernooi onttrek het, is dit as die 2020-Drienasiesreeks beslis. Al die wedstryde is etlike maande later in Australië aangebied en ’n tweeweekse kwarantyn het die Poemas se voorbereiding erg ontwrig.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/rugby-union-championship-argentina-idUKL4N2HT05O |title=Rugby-Argentina win last Tri-Nations warmup 57-24 |publisher=Reuters |date=7 November 2020 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Nogtans het hulle reeds in die eerste wedstryd ’n groot verrassing behaal, nadat hulle Nieu-Seeland met 25–15 verslaan en hul eerste oorwinning oor dié span aangeteken het. Aansluitend het hulle die Wallabies in twee taai gelykopwedstryde vasgebind en teen Nieu-Seeland verloor, waardeur Argentinië die tweede plek beklee het. As gevolg van hul onverwagse sukses onder hierdie ongunstige omstandighede is die Poemas in 2021 as Laureus se “span van die jaar” genomineer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/2021/laureus-world-team-of-the-year/argentina-men-s-rugby-team |title=Argentina Men's Rugby Team |publisher=Laureus Wêreldsporttoekennings |date=2021 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
[[Diego Maradona]] se afsterwe het die Poemas se sukses in Australië oorskadu. In die tweede wedstryd teen Nieu-Seeland op 28 November het die Argentynse rugbyspelers aan hul truie ’n skaars sigbare swart band gedra, wat deur die publiek as onvoldoende beskou is. Twee dae later het die [[Kaptein (sport)|kaptein]] [[Pablo Matera]] vir die “halfhartige huldeblyk” om verskoning gevra.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.cronica.com.ar/info-general/Los-Pumas-pidieron-perdon-por-el-tibio-homenaje-a-Diego-Maradona-20201130-0031.html |title=Los Pumas pidieron perdón por el "tibio" homenaje a Diego Maradona |publisher=Cronica |date=28 November 2020 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Gelyktydig het in sosiale netwerke en in die media dosyne boodskappe die rondte gedoen, waarin Matera en twee ander spelers rassistiese, seksistiese en verregse menings uitgedruk het.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.cronica.com.ar/info-general/Tras-el-pobre-homenaje-de-Los-Pumas-a-Maradona-se-viralizaron-tuits-racistas-del-capitan-20201130-0046.html |titel=Tras el pobre homenaje de Los Pumas a Maradona, se viralizaron tuits racistas del capitán |publisher=Cronica |date=30 November 2020 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Ná baie ontstoke reaksies en afdankingseise het die beheerliggaam die drie betrokke spelers dadelik geskors, maar dié sanksies weens druk deur Argentynse rugbyklubs en persoonlikhede reeds op 1 Desember weer opgehef.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.infobae.com/deportes/2020/12/03/sorpresa-la-uar-levanto-las-sanciones-a-los-tres-jugadores-de-los-pumas-suspendidos-por-mensajes-xenofobos-y-discriminatorios/?outputType=amp-type |title=Sorpresa: la UAR levantó las sanciones a los tres jugadores de los Pumas suspendidos por mensajes xenófobos y discriminatorios |publisher=Infobae |date=2 Desember 2020 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
[[Lêer:2023 Rugby World Cup Argentina vs New Zealand 01.jpg|duimnael|Halfeindstryd tussen die Poemas en die All Blacks tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023]]]]
In Julie 2021 kon Argentinië hul hoogste wegoorwinning ooit oor Wallis aanteken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.wru.wales/report/wales-outmuscled-by-powerful-pumas/#report |title=Wales outmuscled by powerful Pumas |publisher=[[Walliese nasionale rugbyspan]] |date=21 Julie 2021 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Die daaropvolgende [[2021-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] het die Argentyne egter sonder ’n oorwinning in die laaste plek afgesluit. Tydens die [[2022 midjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] het Argentinië sy tuisreeks teen Skotland beklink.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/62194161 |title=Argentina 34–31 Scotland: Tourists undone as Pumas fight back for series win |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=16 Julie 2022 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Tydens die daaropvolgende [[2022-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] het die Poemas hul hoogste oorwinning ooit oor Australië aangeteken (met 48–17)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://super.rugby/therugbychampionship/news/trc-rd2-argentina-cruise-to-victory-over-australia/ |title=Argentina Cruise to victory over Australia |publisher=[[Superrugby]] |date=14 Augustus 2022 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> en hul eerste oorwinning oor die All Blacks in Nieu-Seeland.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://super.rugby/therugbychampionship/news/trc-rd3-argentina-make-history-in-new-zealand/ |title=Argentina Make History in New Zealand |publisher=[[Superrugby]] |date=27 Augustus 2022 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Nogtans het hulle dié toernooi ná twee oorwinnings en vier nederlae in die laaste plek beëindig. In November 2022 het hulle Engeland geklop, maar teen Wallis en Skotland verloor. Nadat die Argentyne tydens die verkorte [[2023-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] hul tweede agtereenvolgende oorwinning oor die Australiërs aangeteken het, het hulle vir die eerste keer die [[Poematrofee]] gewen, maar ná nederlae teen Nieu-Seeland en Suid-Afrika die derde plek beklee. Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023]] in Frankryk het die Poemas hul eerste groepwedstryd teen Engeland met 10–27 verloor, hoewel hulle vanweë ’n rooikaart vir ’n Engelse speler van die derde minuut af een speler meer op die veld gehad het. Daarop het oorwinnings oor Samoa (met 19–10), Chili (met 59–5) en Japan (met 27–39) gevolg. Die wedstryd teen Chili was die eerste Suid-Amerikaanse ontmoeting tydens ’n rugbywêreldbekertoernooi ooit.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2023/news/862914/rugby-world-cup-2023-argentina-chile-preview |title=Rugby World Cup 2023 Match Preview: Argentina v Chile |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=29 September 2023 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025 |archive-date=14 Oktober 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014044701/https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2023/news/862914/rugby-world-cup-2023-argentina-chile-preview |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daarna kon hulle in die kwarteindstryd hul eerste oorwinning oor Wallis tydens ’n rugbywêreldbekerwedstryd aanteken (met 29–17), maar in die halfeindstryd is hulle deur die All Blacks oorrompel (met 6–44). In die bronseindstryd het hulle vir die tweede keer Engeland ontmoet en dié keer naelskraap met 23–26 verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2023/news/888431/argentina-rugby-world-cup-2023-review |title=Argentina: Rugby World Cup 2023 review |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=28 Oktober 2023 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
Sedert Januarie 2024 is die voormalige nasionale speler [[Felipe Contepomi]] die hoofafrigter van Argentinië.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.sixnationsrugby.com/en/autumn-nations-series/news/argentina-and-the-contepomi-effect |title=Felipe Contepomi’s appointment as head coach of Argentina in 2023 marked a new chapter in a fascinating career. |publisher=[[Sesnasies-toernooi]] |date=3 Oktober 2024 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Tydens die [[2024-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] het die Argentyne met een oorwinning elk oor die ander drie deelnemers hul beste uitslag ooit behaal.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.americasrugbynews.com/2024/09/21/argentina-upset-south-africa-for-historic-rugby-championship-triple-crown/ |title=Argentina Upset South Africa for Historic Rugby Championship Triple Crown |publisher=Americas Rugby News |date=21 September 2024 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Voor hul vertrek vir hul Australiese 2025-toer het die Britse en Ierse Leeus ’n opwarmingswedstryd teen die Poemas gereël waarin die Argentyne hul eerste oorwinning ooit oor die Leeus aangeteken het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/articles/c8e4k9ykk5ko |title=Lions must learn from errors in Pumas loss – Farrell |publisher=[[BBC]] |author=Matt Gault |date=21 Junie 2025 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Tydens die [[2025-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] het die Pumas ook daarin geslaag om een oorwinning elk oor die All Blacks en die Wallabies aan te teken, maar hulle het albei hul wedstryde teen die Springbokke verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/articles/c2375g123zgo |title=What did we learn from the Rugby Championship? |publisher=[[BBC]] |author=Alastair Telfer |date=5 Oktober 2025 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
== Kleure, embleem en bynaam ==
[[Lêer:Argentina rugby vs lions 31july1927.jpg|duimnael|links|300px|Die span wat teen die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus|Britse Leeus]] gespeel het, het vir die eerste keer op 31 Julie 1927 in die hemelblou en wit trui uitgedraf]]
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 220
| header =
| image1 = Jaguar head shot-edit2.jpg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = Die [[jaguar]], inheems aan die noordoostelike Argentinië, het in 1941 die embleem van die span geword
| image2 = Puma face.jpg
| alt2 =
| caption2 = Die Argentynse nasionale rugbyspan is na die [[poema]] genoem, inheems aan die grootste deel van Argentinië
| footer =
}}
[[Lêer:Pumas y granaderos en buenos aires 2023.jpg|duimnael|Argentynse rugbyspelers en ’n grenadier met die wegtrui vir die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023]]]]
Argentinië het gedurende sy eerste toetswedstryde in 1910 afwisselend blou en wit truie gedra. In 1927 het Abelardo Gutiérrez van die klub ''Gimnasia y Esgrima de Buenos Aires'' voorgestel dat Argentinië in ’n gestreepte hemelblou en wit trui teen die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus|Britse Leeus]] moet speel. Die beheerliggaam het dié voorstel aanvaar en Argentinië het vir die eerste keer in sy rugbygeskiedenis in die gestreepte trui gespeel.<ref name=lapasion>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/deportes/la-pasion-cumple-cien-anos-nid134355/ |title=La pasión cumple 100 años |publisher=La Nación |date=10 April 1999 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
Die Poemas speel sedertdien hul toetswedstryde in ’n trui met die [[Vlag van Argentinië|landsvlag]] se kleure (en sportkleure) hemelblou en wit, wit broeke en sokkies in hemelblou en wit. In 2011 onderteken die UAR ’n kontrak met Nike wat die eksklusiewe vervaardiger van al die nasionale senior- en juniorspanne se truie word, insluitende die keurspan [[Pampas XV]] s’n.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.cronista.com/contratapa/El-pase-del-verano-Los-Pumas-dejan-Adidas-para-vestirse-con-Nike-20111227-0036.html |title=El pase del verano: Los Pumas dejan Adidas para vestirse con Nike |publisher=El Cronista |date=27 November 2011 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Die eerste deur dié Amerikaanse maatskappy vervaardigde trui het met die tradisionele horisontaal-gestreepte trui weggedoen, en is net hemelblou met wit skouers, die Poemas het egter aangekondig dat hulle tydens die [[2012-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]] weer hul tradisionele trui sou dra.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=http://www.prematch.com.ar/post/3649/nike-presenta-su-camiseta-de-los-pumas.html |title=Nike presenta su camiseta de Los Pumas |publisher=Prematch |date=1 Junie 2012 |accessdate=14 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114202657/http://www.prematch.com.ar/post/3649/nike-presenta-su-camiseta-de-los-pumas.html |archive-date=14 November 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
In September 1941 het Abelardo Gutiérrez (wie 14 jaar gelede die hemelblou en wit trui vir die span voorgestel het) ’n wapen met ’n [[leeu]] as kenteken voorgestel. Die kleur van die kenteken was blou (soos by die Buenos Aires Krieket- en Rugbyklub, waar die eerste rugbywedstryd in Argentinië gespeel is). ’n Rukkie later wou die Argentynse beheerliggaam egter ’n aan Argentinië inheemse dier hê en die [[jaguar]] is weens sy “behendigheid en moed” gekies.<ref name="lapasion" /> Interessant genoeg was die rugbyspan wat Argentinië van 2016 tot 2020 in [[Superrugby]] verteenwoordig, die [[Jaguares (Superrugbyspan)|Jaguares]], na die inheemse jaguar genoem.
Die Poemas-bynaam het ontstaan deur ’n fout van Carl Köhler, ’n joernalis van die destydse Suid-Afrikaanse koerant ''[[Die Transvaler]]'', wat die Argentynse span tydens hul eerste oorsese toer na [[Suider-Afrika]] in 1965 dopgehou het. Hy het probeer om ’n ewe pakkende bynaam, soortgelyk aan die ''All Blacks'', ''Springbokke'' en ''Wallabies'', te kry. Hy het vir Isak van Heerden, die destydse afrigter van die Natalse rugbyspan, wat deur die SARR opdrag gegee is om die toer te begelei, vir voorstelle gevra. Hulle het ’n prent van ’n soort leeu met kolle op die UAR-kenteken gesien. Köhler was bewus daarvan dat jaguars en poemas inheems is aan die Amerikas, en omdat hy onder druk was om sy artikel in te dien, het hy ’n raaiskoot gemaak en hulle die Poemas genoem, pleks van die eintlike jaguar. Die foutiewe bynaam het vasgebrand en is later deur die Argentyne self oorgeneem.<ref name="PumaPower">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/5389512.stm |title=Puma power: Argentinian rugby |publisher=[[BBC]] |author=Sean Davies |date=26 Julie 2007 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Die Argentynse speler Agustín Silvera onthou ’n effens ander staaltjie:<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.clarin.com/deportes/rugby/rugido-pumas-1965-sudafrica_0_ByzWs_Fw7x.html |title=Aquella confusión entre un yaguareté y un puma que modificó todo para siempre |publisher=Clarín |date=29 Mei 2015 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
{{cquote|Veníamos caminando tras bajar del avión y un periodista se me acerca a preguntarme por el yaguareté. Como yo no hablaba muy bien inglés, le dije que era un puma.}}
{{cquote|Nadat ons uit die vliegtuig geklim en geloop het, het ’n joernalis (wat Carl Köhler was) my oor die jaguar ondervra. Omdat ek nie vlot Engels kon praat nie, het ek vir hom gesê dié dier is ’n poema.}}
In April 2023 het die Argentynse Rugbyunie sy nuwe visuele identiteit bekendgestel wat ’n verandering van die embleme van die beheerliggaam en die nasionale spanne behels, insluitende die sewesrugby- en jeugspanne. Dié proses sluit in die verwydering van die jaguarembleem se kenmerkende kolle en die terugkeer na die embleem wat gedurende die 1965-toer na Rhodesië en Suid-Afrika gebruik is.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://uar.com.ar/nuestra-nueva-identidad/ |title=Nuestra nueva identidad |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=17 April 2023 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> In dieselfde jaar het die Argentynse beheerliggaam die Poemas se nuwe wegtrui bekendgestel, wat beïnvloed is deur die uniforms van die Berede Grenadiersregiment en die presidensiële erewag wat in 1812 gestig is.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/el-regimiento-de-granaderos-caballo-cumple-207-anos |title=El Regimiento de Granaderos a Caballo cumple 207 años |publisher=Argentynse regering |date=15 Maart 2019 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> Die wegtrui is tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023]] gedra.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/los-pumas-jugaran-el-mundial-con-una-camiseta-en-homenaje-los-granaderos |title=Los Pumas jugarán el Mundial con una camiseta en homenaje a los Granaderos |publisher=Argentynse regering |date=29 Junie 2023 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref><ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://7enpunto.com/los-pumas-usaran-una-camiseta-en-honor-a-los-granaderos/ |title=Los Pumas usarán una camiseta en honor a los Granaderos |publisher=7enpunto |date=2 Julie 2023 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
== Truiverskaffers en -borge ==
Sedert 1978 het die volgende truiverskaffers en -borge verskyn:
{| class="wikitable"
! Tydperk !! Verskaffer !! Borg
|-
|1978–1998
|rowspan=2| [[Adidas]]
||Geen truiborg
|-
|1999–2000
|rowspan=5|[[Visa (maatskappy)|Visa]]
|-
|2000–2003
| [[Topper (maatskappy)|Topper]]
|-
|2004–2011
| Adidas
|-
|2012–2023
|| [[Nike Inc.|Nike]]
|-
|2024–hede
|| [[Le Coq Sportif]]
|}
== Tuisstadions ==
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 220
| header =
| image1 = Desfile militar sportiva.jpg
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = Argentina A vs Inglaterra A 02.JPG
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| footer = Sociedad Sportiva Argentina (bo) was Argentinië se eerste tuisstadion in 1910. [[José Amalfitani-stadion]] (onder), een van die huidige stadions van die Poemas in Buenos Aires
}}
Net soos ander vername rugbylande soos Australië, Frankryk, Nieu-Seeland en Suid-Afrika beskik Argentinië oor geen amptelike tuisstadion vir sy nasionale span nie. Die Poemas span vir hul toetse eerder ’n verskeidenheid stadions dwarsdeur Argentinië in. Een van die mees gebruikte stadion vir toetse is die [[José Amalfitani-stadion]], tuiste van [[Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield]] en geleë in [[Buenos Aires]]. Toe die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus|Britse Leeus]] in 1910 na Argentinië getoer het, het die nasionale span teen hulle op Sociedad Sportiva Argentina in die voorstad Palermo gespeel. Dié toets was ook die eerste Argentynse wedstryd.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.periodismo-rugby.com.ar/2017/05/16/lions-5/ |title="Lions": Los viajes olvidados |publisher=Periodismo Rugby |author=Ricardo Sabanes |date=16 Mei 2017 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref><ref name="Debut" />
Toe die Britte in 1927 na Argentinië teruggekeer het, het die nasionale span begin om beide die [[Estadio G.E.B.A.|GEBA]] en [[Buenos Aires Krieket- en Rugbyklub]] as hul tuistes te gebruik, albei is in Palermo geleë. Die GEBA was gedurende die volgende dekades ’n gereelde tuiste, maar dit het ná die 1960’s slegs drie wedstryde gehuisves (met die laaste in 1993), nadat die Poemas begin het om groter stadions in te span.<ref name=gebaground>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;ground=73;orderby=date;team=10;template=results;type=team;view=match |title=Argentina at ground: GEBA |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=14 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191114202702/http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;ground=73;orderby=date;team=10;template=results;type=team;view=match |archive-date=14 November 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die Buenos Aires Krieket- en Rugbyklub is ook vir ’n groter aantal wedstryde gebruik, tot dit in 1948 deur ’n brand vernietig is.<ref name=rugbytime>{{es}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbytime.com/noticia.php?id=12634 |title=El club de rugby más antiguo de la Argentina |publisher=Rugbytime.com |date=19 September 2008 |accessdate=12 Januarie 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112235626/http://www.rugbytime.com/noticia.php?id=12634 |archive-date=12 Januarie 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=cedirh>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:fnkeOKsKMR0J:www.danielpallarola.com.ar/cedirh/Buenos_Aires_Cricket_Rugby.doc+&hl=es&gl=ar&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjVkekDmZ23Fcqs2Sq6aMkDHf1uMO7b1wSLZh2RI-HQILgZzsc1qoT7dH6hAraDr0PtcSQbTqKmR768pReoeY-kzuHJwwPlZkulEMrAyan0Hp-4BjqVS5XTtIv1u5V6S__uMeyO&sig=AHIEtbRW46C1WrQJsr3ovJOADh1MT4bPvw |title=Buenos Aires Cricket & Rugby Club |publisher=Centro de Documentación, Investigación y Referencia Histórica-Deportiva |date=Junie 2009 |accessdate=29 Junie 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629065200/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache%3AfnkeOKsKMR0J%3Awww.danielpallarola.com.ar%2Fcedirh%2FBuenos_Aires_Cricket_Rugby.doc+&hl=es&gl=ar&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjVkekDmZ23Fcqs2Sq6aMkDHf1uMO7b1wSLZh2RI-HQILgZzsc1qoT7dH6hAraDr0PtcSQbTqKmR768pReoeY-kzuHJwwPlZkulEMrAyan0Hp-4BjqVS5XTtIv1u5V6S__uMeyO&sig=AHIEtbRW46C1WrQJsr3ovJOADh1MT4bPvw |archive-date=29 Junie 2020 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Gedurende die 1970’s en 1980’s het die Poemas die Estadio Ferro Carril Oeste in die voorstad Caballito gereeld vir toetswedstryde gebruik, onder andere teen Ierland, Nieu-Seeland, Frankryk en Australië.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=http://canchallena.lanacion.com.ar/1817488-el-historial-de-los-pumas-contra-los-grandes-los-all-blacks-el-unico-al-que-no-le-pudieron-ganar |title=El historial de los Pumas contra los grandes: los All Blacks, el único al que no le pudieron ganar |publisher=Cancha Llena |date=8 Augustus 2015 |accessdate=6 Februarie 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206142233/http://canchallena.lanacion.com.ar/1817488-el-historial-de-los-pumas-contra-los-grandes-los-all-blacks-el-unico-al-que-no-le-pudieron-ganar |archive-date=6 Februarie 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.infobae.com/2015/10/18/1763176-el-historial-los-pumas-australia-la-tercera-potencia/ |title=El historial de Los Pumas ante Australia, la tercera potencia |publisher=Infobae |date=18 Oktober 2015 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref> In 1997 is Argentinië se eerste suiwer rugbystadion deur BACRC in Los Polvorines, [[Groter Buenos Aires]], ingewy. Altesaam nege toetswedstryde is op dié stadion gespeel, totdat die stadion in 2005 verkoop is.<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.clarin.com/ediciones-anteriores/adios-escenario-triunfos-historicos_0_S1sXsLyAte.html |title=Adiós a un escenario de triunfos históricos |publisher=Clarín |date=4 Desember 2005 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
Die eerste tuiswedstryde buite die hoofstadgebied is eers tydens die Suid-Amerikaanse Rugbykampioenskap 1977 gespeel. Destyds het Argentinië op die Estadio Monumental José Fierro in [[San Miguel de Tucumán]] teen Brasilië, Uruguay, Paraguay en Chili te staan gekom. Sedert die middel-1990’s let die UAR daarop, dat die nasionale span se toetswedstryde gelyk tussen die streke verdeel en nie slegs in die hoofstadgebied gehuisves word nie. Naas San Miguel de Tucumán het ook die Estadio Malvinas Argentinas in Mendoza, die Estadio Padre Ernesto Martearena in [[Salta]], die Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes in [[Córdoba, Argentinië|Córdoba]] en die Estadio del Bicentenario in [[San Juan, Argentinië|San Juan]] gewilde stadions (met meer as vyf toetswedstryde) geword.
Net soos Italië is Argentinië die enigste vlak-een-rugbyland wat tot dusver nog nie ’n wedstryd tydens ’n rugbywêreldbekertoernooi gehuisves het nie, alhoewel hulle vir die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2027]] aansoek gedoen, maar dié bod ter ondersteuning van die Australiese s’n laat vaar het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/rugby/rugby-union/international/2027-rugby-world-cup-australia-argentina-host-nation-a9467981.html |title=Argentina ready to abandon 2027 Rugby World Cup bid making Australia strong favourites to host tournament |publisher=[[The Independent]] |author=Nick Mulvanney |date=16 April 2020 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1093218/argentina-withdraw-rugby-world-cup-bid |title=Argentina withdraw 2027 Rugby World Cup bid to strengthen Australian campaign |publisher=insidethegames.biz |author=Nancy Gillen |date=16 April 2020 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
== Toetswedstryde ==
[[Lêer:Argentina IRB World Rankings.png|duimnael|400px|Argentinië se plek op [[Wêreldrugby]] se ranglys vanaf 10 Oktober 2003 tot op hede]]
Argentinië het 226 van sy 458 toetswedstryde gewen, ’n wenrekord van 49,34%. Argentinië se statistieke in toetswedstryde teen al die lande, in alfabetiese volgorde, is soos volg (korrek teen Oktober 2025):<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/scrum/rugby/records/team/match_results_year.html?id=10;type=team |title=International Rugby Union Statistics – Argentina |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Teenstander
! Gespeel
! Gewen
! Verloor
! Gelykop
! % Gewen
|- bgcolor="#d0ffd0" align="center"
|-
| {{AUSru}} || 43 || 10 || 30 || 3 || 23,26
|-
| {{BRAru}} || 10 || 10 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{BILru}} || 7 || 0 || 6 || 1 || 0,00
|-
| {{CHIru}} || 32 || 32 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{ENGru}} || 29 || 5 || 23 || 1 || 17,24
|-
| {{FIJru}} || 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 75,00
|-
| {{FRAru}} || 56 || 15 || 40 || 1 || 26,79
|-
| {{GEOru}} || 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{IRLru}} || 20 || 6 || 14 || 0 || 30,00
|-
| {{ITAru}} || 24 || 18 || 5 || 1 || 75,00
|-
| {{JPNru}} || 7 || 6 || 1 || 0 || 85,71
|-
| {{CANru}} || 9 || 6 || 3 || 0 || 66,67
|-
| {{NAMru}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{NZLru}} || 41 || 4 || 36 || 1 || 9,76
|-
| {{PARru}} || 17 || 17 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{PERru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{ROMru}} || 9 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{SAMru}} || 5 || 2 || 3 || 0 || 40,00
|-
| {{SCOru}} || 22 || 11 || 11 || 0 || 50,00
|-
| {{ESPru}} || 5 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{RSAru}} || 40 || 4 || 35 || 1 || 10,00
|-
| {{TGAru}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{URUru}} || 35 || 35 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{VENru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{USAru}} || 9 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{WALru}} || 22 || 7 || 14 || 1 || 31,82
|-
| align="left" |'''Algeheel''' || '''458''' || '''226''' || '''222''' || '''10''' || '''49,34'''
|}
Omdat die [[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] (UAR) ’n lang tyd nie ’n lid van die Internasionale Rugbyvoetbalraad (IRVR; nou [[Wêreldrugby]]) was nie, het hul lede die wedstryde teen Argentinië nie as amptelike toetswedstryde erken nie. Eweneens word hul enigste wedstryd teen [[Rhodesië]] nie as ’n toetswedstryd erken nie, aangesien dié land nie internasionaal erken is nie. In teenstelling met baie ander beheerliggame erken die UAR die wedstryde teen die [[Britse Barbarians|Barbarians]] nie as toetswedstryde nie. Terwyl die Britse en Ierse Leeus se opwarmingswedstryd voor hul Nieu-Seelandse 2005-toer teen Argentinië as ’n toetswedstryd erken is, word die Britse en Ierse Leeus se voorbereidingswedstryd voor hul Australiese 2025-toer nie as sulks erken nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworld.com/featured/have-the-british-irish-lions-ever-played-in-the-uk-or-ireland-177414 |title=Have the British & Irish Lions ever played in the UK or Ireland? |publisher=Rugby World |author=Richard Edwards |date=20 Junie 2025 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
== Rekords ==
=== Wêreldbekerrekord ===
Argentinië het tot dusver aan elke [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooi deelgeneem en tydens drie toernooie tot die halfeindstryd gevorder, maar hulle is onderskeidelik deur Suid-Afrika (in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]]), Australië (in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015|2015]]) en Nieu-Seeland (in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023|2023]]) verslaan. Tydens die 2007-toernooi het die Poemas die wedstryd om die derde plek teen die gasheer Frankryk gewen. Daarmee is Argentinië naas die drie veelvuldige wêreldkampioene Australië, Nieu-Seeland en Suid-Afrika die mees suksesvolle span van die Suidelike Halfrond. Daarbenewens het Argentinië twee keer die kwarteindstryd gehaal, maar teen Frankryk (in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999|1999]]) en Nieu-Seeland (in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011|2011]]) verloor. Tydens al die ander rugbywêreldbekertoernooie is die Poemas reeds in die poelfase uitgeskakel.
{| class="wikitable"
! Jaar !! Uitslag
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991|1991]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995|1995]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999|1999]] || Kwarteindrondte
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003|2003]] || Groepfase
|- style="background:#FFDAB9;"
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]] || Derde plek
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011|2011]] || Kwarteindrondte
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015|2015]] || Vierde plek
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2019|2019]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023|2023]] || Vierde plek
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2027|2027]] || ''gekwalifiseer''
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2031|2031]] || {{n.v.t.}}
|}
=== Die Rugbykampioenskap (sedert 2012) ===
Argentinië se enigste jaarlikse toernooi is die Rugbykampioenskap, waaraan hulle sedert 2012 deelneem en teen drie ander lande van die Suidelike Halfrond speel: Australië, Nieu-Seeland en Suid-Afrika. Voor die Poemas se opname in 2012 het dié toernooi as Drienasiesreeks bekend gestaan. Die Argentyne het tot dusver nog geen toernooi gewen nie. As deel van die Rugbykampioenskap ding die Poemas met die Wallabies om die [[Poematrofee]] (sedert 2000) mee.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://en.espn.co.uk/scrum/rugby/story/84879.html |title=The Scrum.com trophy guide – Part Two |publisher=ESPNscrum |date=5 November 2008 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025 |archive-date=13 Mei 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513190101/http://en.espn.co.uk/scrum/rugby/story/84879.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In [[2020-Drienasiesreeks|2020]] het die toernooi vir een jaar na die ou formaat teruggekeer, nadat Suid-Afrika vanweë die wêreldwye [[Covid-19-pandemie]] nie daaraan deelgeneem het nie.
{{Drie-Nasiesrekord}}
{{Die Rugbykampioenskap-rekord}}
<small>Punte word soos volg toegeken: 4 punte vir ’n oorwinning, 2 punte vir ’n gelykopuitslag, 0 punte vir ’n nederlaag (saam met moontlike bonuspunte), 1 bonuspunt vir ten minste drie drieë meer as die teenstander, 1 bonuspunt vir ’n nederlaag met minder as sewe punte.</small>
=== Ander toetswedstryde en toernooie ===
Gedurende die amateurtydperk het die Poemas maandelange oorsese toere onderneem, waartydens hulle teen ander nasionale spanne, plaaslike saamgestelde spanne en klubspanne gespeel het. Eweneens het oorsese spanne na Argentinië getoer. Teen die jaar 2000 het die oorsese toere volgens die ou tradisie tot ’n einde gekom, aangesien die professionalisering van die rugbyspel te min tyd vir toere oorlaat (’n uitsondering is die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus]] se vierjaarlikse toere). Deesdae is toetswedstryde teen die spanne van die Noordelike Halfrond tweekeer per jaar moontlik. Gedurende Juniemaand se [[midjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] vertrek Europese spanne na Argentinië en gedurende Novembermaand se [[eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] reis die Poemas na Europa. As deel daarvan ding Argentinië sedert 2012 met Ierland mee om die Admiral Brown-trofee (genoem na die Iers-gebore admiral William Brown wat die [[Argentynse Vloot]] gestig het).<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.irishrugby.ie/2012/11/21/irlanda-v-argentina-la-copa-almirante-brown/ |title=Irlanda v Argentina: La Copa Almirante Brown |publisher=[[Ierse Rugbyvoetbalunie]] |date=21 November 2012 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
Vanaf 1951 tot in 2013 het Argentinië aan die Suid-Amerikaanse Rugbykampioenskap deelgeneem. Van die 35 toernooie gedurende dié tydperk het die Poemas 34 beklink, waartydens hulle elke wedstryd gewen het. Slegs in 1981, toe die Poemas hulle aan die toernooi onttrek het, het met [[Uruguaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Uruguay]] ’n ander span die titel ingepalm. Sedert 2014 neem die Poemas nie meer aan dié toernooi deel nie en Argentinië word deur die reserwespan ''Argentina XV'' verteenwoordig.
* Toernooititels (34): in 1951, 1958, 1961, 1964, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 en 2013
Die Poemas het vanaf 1995 tot in 2003 aan al die vyf Pan-Amerikaanse Rugbykampioenskappe deelgeneem en elke toernooi beklink.
* Toernooititels (5): in 1995, 1996, 1998, 2001 en 2003
Daarbenewens neem die Argentynse reserwespanne sedert 2009 aan die Amerikas se Rugbykampioenskap deel (nieamptelik as die “Amerikas se Sesnasies-toernooi” bekend) en hulle speel tydens dié toernooi teen ander spanne van Noord- en Suid-Amerika. Van tot dusver nege toernooie het hulle sewe gewen; slegs in 2017 en 2018 het die [[Verenigde State se nasionale rugbyspan|Verenigde State]] met die titel weggestap.
== Spelers ==
=== Huidige span ===
Die volgende spelers het die Argentynse span gevorm tydens die [[2025-Rugbykampioenskapreeks]]:<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://uar.com.ar/plantel-para-recibir-a-los-all-blacks-en-argentina |title=Plantel para recibir a los All Blacks en Argentina |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=4 Augustus 2025 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
{|
| valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Agterspelers ''(zagueros)''
|-
! Speler !! Posisie !! Klub !! Toetswedstryde
|-
| [[Simón Benítez Cruz]] || [[Skrumskakel]] || Tarucas || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}3
|-
| [[Gonzalo García]] || Skrumskakel || [[Zebre]] || style="text-align:center" | 11
|-
| [[Agustín Moyano]] || Skrumskakel || [[Dogos XV|Dogos]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}2
|-
| [[Tomás Albornoz]] || [[Losskakel]] || [[Benetton Rugby Treviso|Benetton]] || style="text-align:center" | 17
|-
| [[Gerónimo Prisciantelli]] || Losskakel || [[Racing 92]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}0
|-
| [[Santiago Chocobares]] || [[Senter]] || [[Stade Toulousain|Toulouse]] || style="text-align:center" | 27
|-
| [[Lucio Cinti]] || Senter || [[Saracens]] || style="text-align:center" | 33
|-
| [[Justo Piccardo]] || Senter || [[Montpellier Hérault Rugby|Montpellier]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}3
|-
| [[Mateo Carreras]] || [[Vleuel]] || [[Aviron Bayonnais|Bayonne]] || style="text-align:center" | 27
|-
| [[Bautista Delguy]] || Vleuel || [[ASM Clermont Auvergne|Clermont]] || style="text-align:center" | 33
|-
| [[Rodrigo Isgró]] || Vleuel || [[Harlequins]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}9
|-
| [[Ignacio Mendy]] || Vleuel || [[Benetton Rugby Treviso|Benetton]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}3
|-
| [[Santiago Carreras]] || [[Heelagter]] || [[Bath Rugby|Bath]] || style="text-align:center" | 55
|-
| [[Benjamín Elizalde]] || Heelagter || [[Bristol Bears]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}3
|-
| [[Juan Cruz Mallía]] || Heelagter || [[Stade Toulousain|Toulouse]] || style="text-align:center" | 42
|}
|
| valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Voorspelers ''(delanteros)''
|-
! Speler !! Posisie !! Klub !! Toetswedstryde
|-
| [[Bautista Bernasconi]] || [[Haker]] || [[Benetton Rugby Treviso|Benetton]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}3
|-
| [[Julián Montoya]] [[Lêer:Captain sports.svg|15px|Kaptein]] || Haker || [[Section Paloise|Pau]] || style="text-align:center" | 108
|-
| [[Ignacio Ruiz]] || Haker || [[USA Perpignan|Perpignan]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}17
|-
| [[Nahuel Tetaz Chaparro]] || [[Stut]] || [[Benetton Rugby Treviso|Benetton]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}78
|-
| [[Francisco Coria Marchetti]] || Stut || [[CA Brive|Brive]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}3
|-
| [[Pedro Delgado]] || Stut || [[Dogos XV|Dogos]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}4
|-
| [[Joel Sclavi]] || Stut || [[Stade Rochelais|La Rochelle]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}27
|-
| [[Mayco Vivas]] || Stut || [[Oyonnax Rugby|Oyonnax]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}30
|-
| [[Boris Wenger]] || Stut || [[Dogos XV|Dogos]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}0
|-
| [[Franco Molina]] || [[Slot (rugby)|Slot]] || [[Exeter Chiefs]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}12
|-
| [[Pedro Rubiolo]] || Slot || [[Bristol Bears]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}23
|-
| [[Lucas Paulos]] || Slot || [[Aviron Bayonnais|Bayonne]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}17
|-
| [[Guido Petti]] || Slot || [[Harlequins]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}89
|-
| [[Nicolás D’Amorim]] || [[Losvoorspeler]] || [[Pampas XV|Pampas]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0|00}}1
|-
| [[Juan Martín González]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Saracens]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}42
|-
| [[Santiago Grondona]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Bristol Bears]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}21
|-
| [[Marcos Kremer]] || Losvoorspeler || [[ASM Clermont Auvergne|Clermont]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}73
|-
| [[Pablo Matera]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Mie Honda Heat]] || style="text-align:center" | 112
|-
| [[Joaquín Oviedo]] || Losvoorspeler || [[USA Perpignan|Perpignan]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}12
|}
|}
=== Bekende spelers ===
[[Lêer:Hugo Porta cropped.jpg|duimnael|upright|Hugo Porta (2007)]]
[[Lêer:Agustín Pichot - En Casa Rosada - 08FEB07 -presidencia-govar.jpg|duimnael|upright|Agustín Pichot (2007)]]
[[Lêer:Felipe Contepomi Stade francais training 2012-03-03.jpg|duimnael|upright|Felipe Contepomi (2012)]]
[[Lêer:Juan Martin Hernandez 2012 (cropped).jpg|duimnael|upright|Juan Martín Hernández (2012)]]
Vier voormalige Argentynse spelers is vir hul uitstekende prestasies in Wêreldrugby se Heldesaal opgeneem:<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/halloffame/inductees |title=Inductees |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Speler !! Posisie !! Inskrywing
|-
| [[Felipe Contepomi]] || [[Losskakel]], [[Senter]] || 2017
|-
| [[Juan Martín Hernández]] || [[Losskakel]], [[Heelagter]] || 2023
|-
| [[Agustín Pichot]] || [[Skrumskakel]] || 2011
|-
| [[Hugo Porta]] || [[Losskakel]] || 2008
|}
Drie rugbyspeler is as Argentynse sportlui van die jaar aangewys en met die ''Olimpia de Oro'' vereer: [[Bernardo Otaño]] (in 1965), Hugo Porta (in 1985) en [[Gonzalo Quesada]] (in 1999).<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/deportes/todos-los-ganadores-del-oro-desde-1954-nid972375/ |title=Todos los ganadores del oro, desde 1954 |publisher=La Nación |date=18 Desember 2007 |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
=== Spelerstatistieke ===
Vervolgens die belangrikste statistieke van Argentinië se spelers. Die spelers wat met <nowiki>*</nowiki> gekenmerk is, is nog aktief en kan hul statistieke verbeter.
<small>(Korrek teen Oktober 2025)</small>
{|
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste toetswedstryde<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;team=10;template=results;type=player |title=Total matches played (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Toetswedstryde
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Pablo Matera]] * || 2013–2025 || 118
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Julián Montoya]] * || 2014–2025 || 114
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Agustín Creevy]] || 2005–2024 || 110
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Nicolás Sánchez]] || 2010–2023 || 104
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Matías Alemanno]] * || 2014–2025 || {{0}}98
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Guido Petti]] * || 2014–2025 || {{0}}95
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Tomás Cubelli]] || 2010–2023 || {{0}}93
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Matías Moroni]] * || 2014–2025 || {{0}}92
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Tomas Lavanini]] * || 2012–2025 || {{0}}91
|-
| 10 || colspan=3 | Twee spelers met 87 toetswedstryde elk
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste toetswedstryde as kaptein<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?captain=1;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=matches;team=10;template=results;type=player |title=Total matches played as captain (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Toetswedstryde
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Agustín Creevy]] || 2014–2018 || 51
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Julián Montoya]] * || 2021–2025 || 51
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Lisandro Arbizu]] || 1992–2003 || 48
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Hugo Porta]] || 1977–1990 || 38
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Agustín Pichot]] || 2000–2007 || 30
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Felipe Contepomi]] || 2007–2013 || 25
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Juan Martín Fernández Lobbe|J. M. Fernández Lobbe]] || 2008–2014 || 20
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Pedro Sporleder]] || 1996–1999 || 20
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Pablo Matera]] || 2018–2022 || 17
|-
| 10 || [[Héctor Silva]] || 1967–1971 || 15
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste punte aangeteken<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=points;team=10;template=results;type=player |title=Total points scored (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Punte
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Nicolás Sánchez]] || 2010–2023 || 902
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Felipe Contepomi]] || 1998–2013 || 651
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Hugo Porta]] || 1971–1990 || 590
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Gonzalo Quesada]] || 1996–2003 || 486
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Santiago Mesón]] || 1987–1997 || 365
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Emiliano Boffelli]] * || 2017–2025 || 340
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Federico Todeschini]] || 1998–2008 || 256
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Lisandro Arbizu]] || 1990–2005 || 183
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Santiago Carreras]] * || 2019–2025 || 181
|-
| 10 || [[Juan Martín Hernández]] || 2003–2017 || 176
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste drieë gedruk<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=tries;team=10;template=results;type=player |title=Total tries scored (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=6 Oktober 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Drieë
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[José Núñez Piossek]] || 2001–2008 || 29
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Diego Cuesta Silva]] || 1983–1995 || 28
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Gustavo Jorge]] || 1989–1994 || 24
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Rolando Martín]] || 1994–2003 || 18
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Facundo Soler]] || 1996–2002 || 18
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Joaquín Tuculet]] || 2012–2019 || 18
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Santiago Cordero]] * || 2013–2025 || 17
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Juan Imhoff]] || 2009–2023 || 17
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Hernán Senillosa]] || 2002–2007 || 17
|-
| 10 || colspan=3 | Drie spelers met 16 drieë elk
|}
|}
== Afrigters ==
[[Lêer:Hector silva gira.jpg|duimnael|upright|Hector Silva (1978)]]
[[Lêer:Mario Ledesma.jpg|duimnael|upright|Mario Ledesma (2009)]]
[[Lêer:Michael Cheika June 2017.jpg|duimnael|upright|Michael Cheika (2017)]]
Die Poemas het in die verlede die volgende hoofafrigters gehad:<ref>{{es}} {{cite web |url=http://www.uar.com.ar/pumas/estadisticas/entrenadores.htm |title=Entrenadores de toda la historia de los Pumas |publisher=[[Argentynse Rugbyunie]] |date=2007 |accessdate=28 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928055740/http://www.uar.com.ar/pumas/estadisticas/entrenadores.htm |archive-date=28 September 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
{| class=wikitable
!Tydperk
!Naam
|-
|1932||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Edmundo Stanfield]]
|-
|1936||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} Luis Cilley, {{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Carlos Huntley-Robertson]], {{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Edmundo Stanfield]]
|-
|1954||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} Juan C. Wells
|-
|1956||{{vlagikoon|Ierland|rugby}} Dermot Cavanagh, {{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} Horacio Savino
|-
|1959||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} Jorge Merelle
|-
|1960||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} Robert Galarga
|-
|1960||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} Saturnino Racimo
|-
|1965||{{vlagikoon|Suid-Afrika|1928}} [[Izak Van Heerden]]
|-
|1965–1973||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Ángel Guastella]]
|-
|1974||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} Carlos Villegas
|-
|1975||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} Eduardo Poggi
|-
|1976–1977||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} Carlos Villegas
|-
|1978||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Ángel Guastella]]
|-
|1978–1980||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} Aitor Otaño
|-
|1980–1983||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} Rodolfo O’Reilly
|-
|1983–1987||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Héctor Silva]]
|-
|1987–1990||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} Rodolfo O’Reilly
|-
|1990–1993||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Luis Gradín]]
|-
|1993–1994||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Héctor Méndez]]
|-
|1994–1995||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Alejandro Petra]]
|-
|1995||{{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} [[Alex Wyllie]], {{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Héctor Méndez]]
|-
|1995–1999||{{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} [[Alex Wyllie]]
|-
|1999–2007||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Marcelo Loffreda]]
|-
|2007–2013||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Santiago Phelan]]
|-
|2013–2018||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Daniel Hourcade]]
|-
|2018–2022||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Mario Ledesma]]
|-
|2022–2023||{{vlagikoon|Australië}} [[Michael Cheika]]
|-
|sedert 2024||{{vlagikoon|Argentinië}} [[Felipe Contepomi]]
|}
== Sien ook ==
{{Portaal|Rugby|Ru ball.svg}}
* [[Argentynse nasionale sokkerspan]]
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|4}}
== Bronnelys ==
* {{es}} {{cite book |author=Horacio J. Spinetto |title=Ciento veinte años de rugby argentino |publisher=Todo es Historia |edition=XXV |number=295 |location=Buenos Aires |year=1992 |issn=0040-8611}}
* {{fr}} {{cite book |author=Henri Garcia |title=La fabuleuse histoire du rugby |publisher=Éditions de La Martinière |location=Parys |year=2011 |isbn=978-2-7324-4528-1}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{CommonsKategorie|Argentina national rugby union team|Argentynse nasionale rugbyspan}}
* {{es}} [https://lospumas.com.ar/ Amptelike webwerf]
* {{es}} [https://www.uar.com.ar/ Amptelike webwerf van die Argentynse Rugbyunie]
* {{en}} [https://www.world.rugby/organisation/membership/south-america/argentina Argentinië by Wêreldrugby]
* {{en}} [https://www.planetrugby.com/team/argentina/ Argentinië op Planet Rugby]
* {{en}} [https://www.americasrugbynews.com/category/argentina/ Argentinië op Americas Rugby News]
{{Nasionale rugbyspanne}}
{{Die Rugbykampioenskap}}
{{Normdata}}
{{Voorbladster}}
[[Kategorie:Rugby in Argentinië]]
[[Kategorie:Nasionale rugbyspanne van Suid-Amerika]]
j2gleptxd9pojwi6eikrj2h7tg2n48s
Fidjiaanse nasionale rugbyspan
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: ''Hierdie artikel handel oor die Fidjiaanse nasionale mansrugbyspan. Vir die artikel oor die nasionale vrouerugbyspan, sien [[Fidjiaanse nasionale vrouerugbyspan]].''
{{Inligtingskas Rugbyspan
| land = Fidji
| beeld = Kenteken van die Fidjiaanse nasionale rugbyspan.svg
| unie = [[Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie]] (FRU)
| bynaam = Vlieënde Fidjiane
| embleem = die [[Palmagtige|palmboom]]
| stadion = HFC Bank-stadion, [[Suva]]
| kapasiteit = 25 000
| kaptein = [[Tevita Ikanivere]]
| afrigter = {{vlagikoon|Australië}} [[Mick Byrne]] <small>(sedert 2024)</small>
| patroon_la1 = _fiji23rwch
| patroon_b1 = _fiji23rwch
| patroon_ra1 = _fiji23rwch
| patroon_sh1 =
| patroon_so1 = _blackstripe
| linkerarm1 = ffffff
| liggaam1 = ffffff
| regterarm1 = ffffff
| broek1 = 000000
| kouse1 = ffffff
| patroon_la2 =
| patroon_b2 = _fiji_rugby23a
| patroon_ra2 =
| patroon_sh2 =
| patroon_so2 = _redtop
| linkerarm2 = 000000
| liggaam2 =
| regterarm2 = 000000
| broek2 = ff0000
| kouse2 = 000000
| statistiek = Statistiek
| toetse = [[Nicky Little]] (71)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=matches;team=14;template=results;type=player |title=Most matches |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
| toptoetspuntebehaler = [[Nicky Little]] (670)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=points;team=14;template=results;type=player |title=Most points |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
| meestedrieë = [[Vereniki Goneva]] en [[Nemani Nadolo]] (22 elk)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;orderby=tries;team=14;template=results;type=player |title=Most tries |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
| jongstespeler =
| eerste = [[Lêer:Flag of the Samoa Trust Territory.svg|20px]] '''[[Samoaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Wes-Samoa]]''' 0–6 {{FIJru-r}}<br />([[Apia]], [[Samoa]]; 18 Augustus 1924)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/scrum/rugby/records/team/match_results.html?id=1924;team=14;type=year |title=Fiji / Match results |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
| grootwen = {{FIJru}} 124–4 {{NIUru-r}}<br />(Apia, Samoa; 10 September 1983)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/scrum/rugby/records/team/match_results.html?id=1983;team=14;type=year |title=Fiji's Results – 1983 |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
| grootverloor = {{NZLru}} 91–0 {{FIJru-r}}<br />([[Auckland]], [[Nieu-Seeland]]; 10 Junie 2005)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/scrum/rugby/records/team/match_results.html?id=2005;team=14;type=year |title=Fiji's Results – 2005 |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
| Wêreldbekerverskynings = 9/10
| jaar = 1987
| beste = Kwarteindrondte in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]], [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]] en [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023|2023]]
| url =
| unieurl = www.fijirugby.com
}}
Die '''Fidjiaanse nasionale rugbyspan''' ([[Engels]]: ''Fiji national rugby union team'') is die nasionale [[rugby]]span wat [[Fidji]] in internasionale wedstryde (toetswedstryde) verteenwoordig. Rugby word in Fidji geadministreer deur die [[Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie]] (''Fiji Rugby Union'', FRU) wat in 1913 gestig is. Fidji word deur [[Wêreldrugby]] as ’n vlak twee-span erken. Fidji is tans (September 2025) negende op Wêreldrugby se wêreldranglys gelys.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/rankings |title=Women’s and Men’s Rankings |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Die span neem deel aan die jaarlikse [[Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker]], saam met [[Japannese nasionale rugbyspan|Japan]], [[Samoaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Samoa]] en [[Tongaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Tonga]]. Fidji is ’n lid van die Stille Oseaan-eilande Rugbyalliansie (Engels: ''Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance''; ''PIRA''), saam met Tonga; Samoa was tot in 2009 ook ’n lid, maar hulle het hulself onttrek.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?view=article&id=10568%3Awe-quit&option=com_content&Itemid=53 |title=We quit: SRU |publisher=Samoa Observer |accessdate=20 Februarie 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220102824/http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?view=article&id=10568%3Awe-quit&option=com_content&Itemid=53 |archive-date=20 Februarie 2012 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Fidji het in 1924 sy eerste internasionale wedstryd teen Samoa gespeel. Fidji, Samoa en Tonga speel gereeld teen mekaar in toernooie soos die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker (tot in 2005 Stille Oseaan-drienasies), waarin Fidji tot dusver 19 titels gewen het. Fidji se bynaam is ''Flying Fijians'' (Engels vir: “Vlieënde Fidjiane”). Die Cibi-oorlogsdans ([[Fidjiaans]]: [ˈðimbi]) word voor elke toetswedstryd deur die Fidjiaanse span uitgevoer. Die oorlogsdans dateer uit die land se oorloë met naburige eilande en word sedert 1939 op die rugbyveld gebruik.<ref name="history">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.teivovo.com/history/index.html |title=Rugby History in Fiji |publisher=Teivovo |accessdate=14 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114224240/http://www.teivovo.com/history/ |archive-date=14 November 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Fidji het tot dusver vir nege van die tien [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooie gekwalifiseer en slegs die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995]] in [[Suid-Afrika]] misgeloop. In [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]], [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]] en [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023|2023]] het hulle daarin geslaag om tot die kwarteindrondte deur te dring. Een voormalige Fidjiaanse rugbyspeler is in Wêreldrugby se Heldesaal opgeneem. Fidji speel tradisioneel in wit truie met swart kleuraksente, wit broeke en swart-wit-gestreepte sokkies.
== Beheerliggaam ==
{{Hoofartikel|Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie}}
Die beheerliggaam vir rugby in Fidji is die Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie (Engels: ''Fiji Rugby Union'', FRU). Die Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie is in 1913 gestig en het in 1987, net voor die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|eerste rugbywêreldbekertoernooi]], ’n volle lid van die Internasionale Rugbyvoetbalraad (IRVR; nou [[Wêreldrugby]]) geword.<ref name="Wêreldrugby">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/organisation/membership/oceania/fiji |title=Fiji |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Daarbenewens was die Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie in 2000 ’n stigterslid van die Vereniging van Oseaniese Rugbyunies (''Federation of Oceania Rugby Unions'', FORU; nou [[Oseanië Rugby]], OR).<ref name="islands">{{en}} {{cite journal |author=Robert F. Dewey |title=Rugby Union Football, Pacific Islands |editor=John Nauright, Charles Parrish |work=Sports around the world: History, culture and practice |edition=1 |publisher=ABC-Clio |location=Santa Barbara |year=2012 |ISBN=978-1-59884-300-2 |pages=445–447}}</ref>
Naas die amptelike nasionale span roep die Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie ook ander keurspanne byeen. ''Fiji Warriors'' is die tweede nasionale span van Fidji en hulle neem aan Wêreldrugby se Stille Oseaan-uitdaagtoernooi deel. Die ''Fiji Sevens'' is die Fidjiaanse [[sewesrugby]]span en hulle neem aan internasionale toernooie soos Wêreldrugby se Sewesreeks, Sewesrugbywêreldbeker, [[Olimpiese Somerspele]] en die [[Statebondspele]] deel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.fijirugby.com/teams/national-15s/ |title=National 15s |publisher=[[Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie]] |accessdate=13 Mei 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513223501/https://www.fijirugby.com/teams/national-15s/ |archive-date=13 Mei 2025 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Net soos ander rugbylande beskik Fidji oor ’n o/20-nasionale span wat aan die [[Wêreldrugby o/20-kampioenskap]] deelneem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/tournaments/u20/championship |title=World Rugby U20 Championship |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Kinders en jongmense word reeds op skool aan rugby bekend gestel en na gelang van hul belangstelling en talent begin hulle met hul afrigting.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.fijirugby.com/tournaments/schools-rugby/ |title=Schools Rugby |publisher=[[Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie]] |accessdate=9 Mei 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509082913/https://www.fijirugby.com/tournaments/schools-rugby/ |archive-date=9 Mei 2025 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
As deel van die Stille Oseaan-eilande Rugbyalliansie het die beheerliggaam van 2004 wedstryde gereël van die Stille Oseaan-eilanders, ’n gemeensame keurspan van die drie Stille Oseaan-[[Eilandstaat|eilandstate]] Fidji, [[Samoa]] en [[Tonga]]. Aangesien die Stille Oseaan-eilanders nie die gewenste inkomste vir die beheerliggame gegenereer het nie, het die Samoaanse beheerliggaam dié samewerking in 2009 beëindig.<ref name="Samoa quits">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.planetrugby.com/story/0,25883,16024_5437460,00.html |title=Samoa quits Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance |publisher=Planet Rugby |date=17 Julie 2009 |accessdate=21 Julie 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090721003642/http://www.planetrugby.com/story/0,25883,16024_5437460,00.html |archive-date=21 Julie 2009 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Sedert 2022 word Fidji in die internasionale [[Superrugby]]toernooi verteenwoordig deur die professionele span Fijian Drua, wat aan dié toernooi deelneem saam met spanne uit Australië, Nieu-Seeland en een uit die [[Stille Oseaan]]-eilande (feitlik die Cookeilande, Fidji, Samoa en Tonga).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.sarugbymag.co.za/super-rugby-set-twelve-2022/ |title=Reports: Agreement reached for 12-team Super Rugby from 2022 |publisher=SA Rugby Magazine |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
== Algemene situasie ==
[[Lêer:Fijian rugby.jpg|duimnael|Rugbyspelende kinders in Fidji]]
Fidji is een van die min lande waar rugby die hoofsport is. Slegs die [[Cookeilande]], [[Nieu-Seeland]], [[Samoa]], [[Tonga]] en [[Wallis]] kan soortgelyke bewerings maak.<ref name="history" /> Daar is ongeveer 80 000 geregistreerde spelers uit ’n totale bevolking van sowat 950 000 wat in meer as 600 klubs aktief is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.fijirugby.com/rugby-house/about-us/ |title=About us |publisher=[[Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie]] |date=2021 |accessdate=9 Mei 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509145652/https://www.fijirugby.com/rugby-house/about-us/ |archive-date=9 Mei 2025 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Fidji ly egter onder ’n groot uitvloei aan talent, aangesien baie spelers in die professionele ligas in [[Australië]], [[Nieu-Seeland]], [[Europa]] of [[Japan]] speel en deur die onderskeie land ingeburger word. Volgens [[Wêreldrugby]] se reëls is ’n tydperk van vyf jaar ononderbroke blyplek genoeg om vir die nasionale span van ’n ander land uit te draf (tot aan die einde van 2020 was dit slegs drie jaar).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/39868065 |title=World Rugby raises international eligibility period from three to five years |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=10 Mei 2017 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Verder speel ’n beduidende aantal spelers, wat vir Fidji verkiesbaar is, vir [[Wallabies|Australië]] of [[All Blacks|Nieu-Seeland]]; noemenswaardige voorbeelde is die Fidjiaans gebore All Blacks [[Joe Rokocoko]] en [[Sitiveni Sivivatu]] asook die [[Wallabies]] [[Tevita Kuridrani]] en [[Lote Tuqiri]]. Met ’n bevolking van ’n rapsie minder as ’n 950 000 is Fidji van die kleinste lande wat gereeld aan rugbywêreldbekertoernooie deelneem.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.americasrugbynews.com/2023/09/12/rugby-world-cup-2023-country-populations/ |title=Rugby World Cup 2023 – Country Populations |publisher=Americas Rugby News |date=12 September 2023 |accessdate=19 November 2025}}</ref>
Die Stille Oseaan-eilandstate se beheerliggame is nie sterk genoeg om hierdie uitvloei aan talent stop te sit nie. Soms word die sistematiese stropery in ’n ironiese manier met die 19de eeuse ''Blackbirding'' vergelyk.<ref name="gain">{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.northweststar.com.au/story/937123/pacifics-brawn-drain-is-world-rugbys-gain/ |title=Pacific's brawn drain is world rugby's gain |publisher=North West Star |date=7 Oktober 2011 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Fidjiane, wat hul eie land verteenwoordig, kan nie altyd vir hul nasionale span verskyn nie, aangesien veral Engelse klubs huiwerig is om spelers vir toetswedstryde beskikbaar te stel. Die professionele span [[Fijian Drua]], wat sedert 2022 aan die internasionale toernooi [[Superrugby]] deelneem, sal as ’n oplossing dien.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.allblacks.com/news/next-steps-in-pacific-island-professional-teams-journey-confirmed-by-nz-rugby/ |title=Next steps in Pacific Island professional teams' journey confirmed by NZ Rugby |publisher=[[All Blacks]] |date=14 April 2021 |accessdate=5 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205120957/https://www.allblacks.com/news/next-steps-in-pacific-island-professional-teams-journey-confirmed-by-nz-rugby/ |archive-date=5 Februarie 2024 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Die Fidjiane is in rugbyunie steeds onder die 15 beste spanne wêreldwyd. Hulle is egter nog meer suksesvol in [[sewesrugby]], waarvan die reëls op rugbyunie s’n geskoei is. Byvoorbeeld: het hulle twee Sewesrugbywêreldbekertoernooie en tydens die [[Olimpiese Somerspele]] in [[Olimpiese Somerspele 2016|2016]] en [[Olimpiese Somerspele 2020|2020]] goue medaljes gewen. Vir die sewesrugbyspan het spelers verskyn wat voorheen of later ook vir die rugbyuniespan gespeel het. Volgens Wêreldrugby se reëls is dit egter nie moontlik om terselfdertyd vir albei nasionale spanne in aanmerking te kom nie; hierdeur sal veral uitputting van spelers vermy word.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/organisation/governance/regulations/reg-8 |title=Regulation 8. Eligibility to play for national representative teams |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
== Geskiedenis ==
=== Invoering en vestiging van rugby ===
Britte, Nieu-Seelanders en inheemse polisiemagte het in 1884 vir die eerste keer rugby by Ba op die eiland [[Viti Levu]] gespeel. Gedurende die vroeë 1890’s het die plaaslike pers vir die eerste keer oor dié sport verslag gedoen, waarvolgens dit in die bevolking begin versprei het. Aanvanklik was dit in wedywering met [[sokker]], maar rugby het spoedig die voortou gekry en is tot op hede die oorheersende balsport in Fidji.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=J. R. Jones |title=Encyclopedia of Rugby Union Football |publisher=Robert Hale |location=Londen |date=1976 |ISBN=0-7091-5394-5 |pages=37}}</ref> Volgens Robert F. Dewey, ’n historikus aan die DePauw-universiteit, was rugby destyds ’n belangrike manier om die plaaslike trots en strydlustige manlikheid uit te druk. Nadat baie tradisionele rituele gedurende die koloniale tydperk verdwyn het, was rugby ’n goeie plaasvervanger vir die uitvoering van ou konflikte. Buitendien was die atletiese vaardighede van die inheemse spelers glo heel geskik vir die rugbyspel. ’n Soortgelyke ontwikkeling het in twee ander Stille Oseaan-eilandstate plaasgevind: [[Samoa]] en [[Tonga]].<ref name="gain" />
Van 1904 af is aparte toernooie aangebied, waartydens Europese setlaars en inheemses net onder mekaar gespeel het; dié toernooie was egter net los gestruktureer. In 1913 het die Nieu-Seelandse [[loodgieter]] Paddy Sheehan, wat by die oprigting van die ''Grand Pacific Hotel'' in die hoofstad [[Suva]] gewerk het, met die ''Pacific Club'' die eerste formeel georganiseerde klub gestig. Onmiddellik daarna is die Fidjiaanse Rugbyvoetbalunie (''Fiji Rugby Football Union'', FRFU) gestig en die goewerneur Ernest Bickham Sweet-Escott het die ''Escott Shield'' as kampioenskaptrofee geskenk.<ref name="history" /> Sheehan het as die eerste president van die beheerliggaam daarvoor gesorg dat die [[Nieu-Seeland]]se [[All Blacks]] tydens hul terugkeer van hul suksesvolle toer na [[Kalifornië]] ’n tussenstop in Suva maak om in ’n wedstryd te speel. Dit het op 13 Desember 1913 plaasgevind en met ’n 3–67-nederlaag vir die uitsluitlik uit Europeërs saamgestelde span geëindig. Sheehan, wat ook as kaptein en afrigter gedien het, het met sy [[Drie (sport)|drie]] die enigste punte vir Fidji aangeteken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://teivovo.com/history/1913_days_to_remember.html |title=Pioneers of Fiji Rugby |publisher=Teivovo |date=2002 |accessdate=2 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102221424/http://teivovo.com/history/1913_days_to_remember.html |archive-date=2 November 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
As gevolg van die destydse rasseskeiding was die FRFU in die eerste jare vir Europeërs voorbehou. In 1914 het Ratu Epeli Ganilau ’n toernooi vir “inheemses” (''natives'') met vier klubs, wat saam die ''Fiji Native Union'' gevorm het, van stapel gestuur.<ref name="history" /> Dié beheerliggaam was met die FRFU geassosieerd en het ook die meeste nasionale spelers gelewer, maar die rasseskeiding het vir die volgende drie dekades bly bestaan. Eers in 1945 is die ''Fiji Native Union'' volledig in die FRFU geïntegreer. Sedert 1963 dra die beheerliggaam die naam Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie (''Fiji Rugby Union'', FRU). Die meeste hoofafrigters, raadslede en ander funksionarisse was steeds van ’n Europese afkoms wat eers met die onafhanklikheidwording in 1970 begin verander het. Die Fidjiaanse Indiërs, wat aan die einde van die 19de eeu deur die Britse koloniste uit [[Brits-Indië]] hier gevestig is, was egter steeds uitgesluit. Tot op hede word hierdie bevolkingsgroep nie deur die Fidjiaanse rugbykultuur betrek nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal |author=Dominik Schieder |title=Rugby in Fiji: Unifying and Dividing a Multi-Cultural Society |work=Pacific News |edition=37 |publisher=Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pazifische Studien, Universität Hamburg |location=Hamburg |date=Januarie 2012 |pages=23–28 |url=https://www.pacific-geographies.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/06/PN37_Schieder.pdf |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
=== Die nasionale span se eerste jare ===
[[Lêer:1924 Fiji rugby union team.jpg|duimnael|Die Fidjiaanse span in 1924]]
[[Lêer:1932 Fiji rugby union team.jpg|duimnael|Die Fidjiaanse span in 1932]]
[[Lêer:1939 Fiji rugby union team.jpg|duimnael|Die Fidjiaanse span in 1939]]
In 1924 het die FRFU en die geassosieerde ''Fiji Native Union'' die eerste Fidjiaanse nasionale rugbyspan saamgestel. Dit het slegs uit spelers van die vyf bestaande “inheemse” klubs bestaan en geen Europese speler ingesluit nie. Die eerste toetswedstryd is op 15 Augustus 1924 in die Samoaanse hoofstad [[Apia]] teen [[Samoaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Wes-Samoa]] gespeel en met 6–0 gewen.<ref name="history" /> Volgens ’n legende is die wedstryd op ’n rugbyveld met ’n groot boom op die middellyn gespeel, maar destydse koerantberigte vermeld niks daarvan nie.<ref name="islands" /> Die wedstryd het om 7 v.m. afgeskop om die Samoaanse teenstanders kans te gee om ná die wedstryd te gaan werk. Die Fidjiaanse spelers was volledig in swart geklee (na die Nieu-Seelandse voorbeeld) en het kaalvoet uitgedraf. Aansluitend het hulle vir nege wedstryde na Tonga getoer. Die eerste toetswedstryd in [[Nukuʻalofa]] is met 6–9 teen die [[Tongaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Tongane]] verloor, die tweede met 14–3 gewen en in die derde het hulle met 0–0 gelykop gespeel. Op pad huis toe is Fidji deur Samoa met 9–3 geklop.<ref name="history" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/49 |title=1924 Fiji tour to Western Samoa and Tonga |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
Met uitsondering van die jaar 1930 het Fidji en Tonga tussen 1924 en 1934 al om die twee jaar ’n toetsreeks van drie wedstryde teen mekaar gespeel. Toe die Tongane in 1926 vir die eerste keer Fidji besoek het, het die Fidjiaanse spelers in ’n wit trui met ’n geborduurde Palmembleem begin uitdraf; saam met die swart broeke vorm dit steeds die gewone speeldrag. In 1928 het die beheerliggaam vir die eerste keer ’n studentekompetisie aangebied. Op daardie stadium was die meeste rugby-aktiwiteite veral op Suva en Nausori beperk. In ’n berig deur die beheerliggaam is die rede hiervoor genoem: “Dit is moeilik om die spel buite Suva te vestig, aangesien amper elke geskikte plek reeds ’n [[krieket]]veld met ’n betonblad in die middel het.” Die Nieu-Seelandse Maori (die [[Maori's]] se keurspan) het in Augustus 1938 vir die eerste keer na Fidji getoer. Die gasheer het vir die eerste keer in stewels uitgedraf, maar hulle het die neiging gehad om dit tydens die wedstryd uit te trek en oor die kantlyn te gooi. Van die vyf wedstryde tydens die toer was drie toetswedstryde. In die eerste het hulle met 3–3 gelykop gespeel, Fidji het die tweede met 11–5 en die Maori die derde met 6–3 gewen, waarvolgens die reeks onbeslis geëindig het.<ref name="history" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/91 |title=1938 New Zealand Maori tour to Fiji and New Zealand |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
Die Fidjiane het in 1939 [[Nieu-Seeland]] vir die eerste keer besoek. Die spankaptein tydens die toer van agt wedstryde, Ratu George Cakobau, was van mening dat sy span ’n oorloogsdans in antwoord op die Nieu-Seelandse [[Haka]] moes opvoer. Sedertdien word die Cibi voor elke wedstryd deur die nasionale span gedans. Die Fidjiane het sonder vrees gespeel en die toeskouers met hul onvoorspelbare spelstyl vermaak. Hulle was die eerste span ooit wat tydens ’n toer na Nieu-Seeland onoorwonne gebly het, ’n prestasie wat geen ander span kon naboots nie. Hulle het van die eerste sewe wedstryde teen provinsiale keurspanne ses gewen en een gelykop gespeel. Ter afsluiting het die Fidjiane in [[Hamilton, Nieu-Seeland|Hamilton]] teen die Nieu-Seelandse Maori te staan gekom en met 14–4 geseëvier. Hulle kon egter nie teen die All Blacks speel nie.<ref name="history" /><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/92 |title=1939 Fiji tour to New Zealand |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
=== Naoorlogse tydperk ===
[[Lêer:1948 Fiji rugby union team.jpg|duimnael|Die Fidjiaanse span in 1948]]
[[Lêer:1957 Fiji rugby union team.jpg|duimnael|Die Fidjiaanse span in 1957]]
[[Lêer:1961 Fiji rugby union team.jpg|duimnael|Die Fidjiaanse span in 1961]]
Die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]] het ’n meerjarige onderbreking van die internasionale speelprogram tot gevolg gehad. In 1947 het hulle Tonga vir twee toetswedstryde gehuisves, wat hul albei verloor het. In 1948 het die Nieu-Seelandse Maori Fidji besoek; van die drie toetswedstryde het die Fidjiane twee gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/98 |title=1948 New Zealand Maori tour to Fiji and New Zealand |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Drie jaar later het die teenbesoek in Nieu-Seeland gevolg, waartydens die nasionale span oor ’n tydperk van sewe weke in 14 wedstryde gespeel het. In [[Wellington, Nieu-Seeland|Wellington]] het hulle teen die Nieu-Seelandse Maori te staan gekom en hulle met 21–14 geklop. Ook dié keer het hulle nie die All Blacks ontmoet nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/108 |title=1951 Fiji tour to New Zealand |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
In Julie en Augustus 1952 het die Fidjiane vir die eerste keer [[Australië]] besoek, nadat hulle deur die [[Rugby Australia|Australiese Rugbyunie]] genooi is. Die provinsiale beheerliggaam van [[Nieu-Suid-Wallis]] was destyds amper bankrot en moes by die belangrikste klubs vir skenkings aanklop om ’n vooruitbetaling vir die Fidjiane se bestedings in dié deelstaat te kon bekostig.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://australia.rugby/about/about-us/history |title=Our History |publisher=[[Rugby Australia]] |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> In die eerste ses van die tien wedstryde tydens die toer het Fidji onoorwonne gebly; onder andere het hulle teen die [[Waratahs (Superrugbyspan)|Nieu-Suid-Wallis Waratahs]] met 14–14 gelykop gespeel en die [[Reds (Superrugbyspan)|Queensland Reds]] met 24–17 geklop, wat die toeskouers se belangstelling in die twee toetswedstryde in [[Sydney]] aansienlik verhoog het. Die eerste ontmoeting met die Australiese nasionale span, die [[Wallabies]], het in ’n 9–15-nederlaag geëindig. Die pers was eens, dat dit veral aan die reënerige weer en die nat speelveld te wyte was dat die Fidjiane se speelvaardighede glo belemmer is. Die besoekers het die tweede toetswedstryd naelskraap met 17–15 gewen. Daarmee het Fidji vir die eerste keer daarin geslaag om ’n tradisionele rugbyland te verslaan.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://worldrugbymuseum.com/from-the-vaults/australia/historic-rugby-internationals-australia-v-fiji-1952 |title=Historic Rugby Internationals: Australia v Fiji, 1952 |publisher=World Rugby Museum |date=4 November 2019 |accessdate=17 Mei 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517114804/https://worldrugbymuseum.com/from-the-vaults/australia/historic-rugby-internationals-australia-v-fiji-1952 |archive-date=17 Mei 2022 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
In 1954 het Fidji ’n tweede toer van 16 wedstryde na Australië onderneem, wat weens die Fidjiane se aanskoulike speelstyl weereens rekordskare gelok het. Hul enigste nederlaag teen ’n provinsiale keurspan was teen die Waratahs. Die eerste toetswedstryd in [[Brisbane]] het die Wallabies met 22–19 gewen, terwyl Fidji die tweede in Sydney met 18–16 gewen het. Albei wedstryde is deur erge vuilspel gekenmerk.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.fijitimes.com/brawls-and-broken-jaws/ |title=Brawls and broken jaws |publisher=The Fijian Times |author=Kameli Rakoko |date=15 April 2014 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> In dieselfde jaar het hulle die Nieu-Seelandse Maori gehuisves en in 1955 het hulle vir die eerste keer in 27 jaar weer Samoa besoek.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/122 |title=1954 New Zealand Maori tour to Fiji and New Zealand |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/124 |title=1955 Fiji tour to Western Samoa |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> In 1957 het die Fidjiane weer na Nieu-Seeland getoer, waar hulle onder andere die Maori in Wellington met 36–13 en in [[Dunedin]] met 17–8 verslaan het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/139 |title=1957 Fiji tour to New Zealand |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Die volgende toer na Australië in Mei en Julie 1961 het 14 wedstryde ingesluit, waarvan drie toetswedstryde was. Terwyl die Fidjiane in Brisbane en Sydney deur die Wallabies verslaan is, het hulle in [[Melbourne]] met 3-elk gelykop gespeel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/159 |title=1961 Fiji tour to Australia |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
=== Toenemende internasionale kontak ===
[[Lêer:1964 Fiji rugby union team.jpg|duimnael|Die Fidjiaanse span in 1964]]
In 1963 is die eerste Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele in Suva aangebied en Fidji het tydens die rugbytoernooi onoorwonne gebly en dié toernooi beklink. Die FRU het in 1964 vir die eerste keer ’n interkontinentale toer gereël wat die nasionale span deur [[Wallis]], [[Frankryk]] en [[Kanada]] geneem het. Tydens dié toer het Fidji onder andere wedstryde teen die verskeie nasionale spanne gespeel, maar slegs dié teen Frankryk is as ’n toetswedstryd erken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/177 |title=1964 Fiji tour to Europe and Canada |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Die Fidjiane het die toeskouers weer met hul aggressiewe en aantreklike speelstyl vermaak. Veral die ontmoeting met die [[Walliese nasionale rugbyspan|Walliese nasionale span]] in [[Cardiff]] het ’n skare van meer as 60 000 gelok.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/welsh/7010442.stm |title=The 1964 Fijians |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=24 September 2007 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Die mededingers uit Samoa en Tonga het nie aan die Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele 1969 se rugbytoernooi deelgeneem nie; Fidji het die ander deelnemende spanne heeltemal oorheers en in die eindstryd die gasheer [[Papoea-Nieu-Guinee]] met 88–3 oorrompel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-330240358/view?sectionId=nla.obj-336138924&partId=nla.obj-330294304#page/n36/mode/1up |title=Rugby Fijians destroy opposition |publisher=Pacific Islands Monthly |date=1 September 1969 |pages=40 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
Ná ’n eenmaandse toer deur Nieu-Seeland met ’n gemengde rekord (onder andere ’n gelykop en ’n nederlaag teen die Nieu-Seelandse Maori) het aan die einde van die jaar 1970 die tweede toer na Europa en Noord-Amerika gevolg, waartydens 13 van die 16 wedstryde in [[Engeland]] gespeel is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/211 |title=1970 Fiji tour to New Zealand |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/214 |title=1970 Fiji tour to England, Wales and North America |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Op 24 Oktober het die Fidjiane in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]] ’n verrassing behaal, toe hulle die [[Britse Barbarians|Barbarians]] met 29–9 verneder het. Hierdie prestasie is veral noemenswaardig aangesien die Barbarians amper net nasionale spelers van die boonste rakke op die veld gesit het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.newcastlefalcons.co.uk/news/story/all-our-yesterdays-1970---when-fiji-came-to-newcastle |title=All our yesterdays: 1970 – When Fiji came to Newcastle |publisher=Newcastle Falcons |date=2 Desember 2020 |accessdate=27 Augustus 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827213803/https://www.newcastlefalcons.co.uk/news/story/all-our-yesterdays-1970---when-fiji-came-to-newcastle |archive-date=27 Augustus 2023 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Tydens die toere van 1972 en 1976 het hulle vier deels naelskraapse nederlae teen die Wallabies behaal.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/229 |title=1972 Australia tour to New Zealand and Fiji |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/269 |title=1976 Fiji tour to Australia |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> In teenstelling met die Australiërs het die Nieu-Seelanders in 1974 wedstryde teen die Fidjiane nie as toetswedstryde erken nie, maar nietemin het die All Blacks ná hul toer na Australië na Suva vertrek om vir die eerste keer teen die Fidjiaanse nasionale span te speel. Die gaste het die wedstryd op 11 Junie net met groot moeite naelskraap 14–13 gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.allblacks.com/asp/teamsheet.asp?MT_ID=1674 |title=All Blacks vs Fiji |publisher=[[All Blacks]] |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Die Fidjiane het op 15 Augustus 1977 een van die grootste verrassings ooit behaal, toe die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus|Britse Leeus]] op hul pad huis toe van hul driemaandse toer na Nieu-Seeland ’n tussenhalte in Fidji gemaak het en voor ’n opgewonde skare van 20 000 met 21–25 verslaan is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/xw8q3d/hungover-under-the-suva-sun-remembering-when-fiji-upset-the-british-and-irish-lions |title=The Long Suva Hangover: Remembering When Fiji Upset the British and Irish Lions, in 1977 |publisher=Vice |author=Ben Stanley |date=1 Junie 2017 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
Tydens die Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele 1979 in Suva het Fidji in die eindstryd teen Tonga met 3–6 verloor en die silwermedalje verower.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/189?Stagione=1979 |title=1979 South Pacific Games |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> In 1980 was daar twee premières: [[Italiaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Italië]] het Fidji besoek (en is met 16–3 geklop) en die Fidjiane het hul eerste toer na [[Suid-Amerika]] onderneem; die hoogtepunte was die eerste twee toetswedstryde teen die [[Argentynse nasionale rugbyspan|Argentynse nasionale span]] wat Fidji albei verloor het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/339 |title=1980 Italy tour to California, New Zealand and Pacific |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/347 |title=1980 Fiji tour to Argentina and California |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> In 1982 het die nuwe, jaarlikse Stille Oseaan-drienasiestoernooi gereelde wedstryde aan die drie voorste Stille Oseaan-rugbylande besorg; in 1983 het Fidji dié toernooi vir die eerste keer beklink.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/178?Stagione=1983 |title=1983 Pacific Tri Nations |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> In dieselfde jaar het hulle tydens die Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele met die goue medalje weggestap. Dit was ook hul laaste deelname aan dié toernooi, aangesien die klasverskil met die meeste ander deelnemers te groot was: Byvoorbeeld het hulle Niue met 120–4 verneder, tot op hede hul hoogste oorwinning.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/189?Stagione=1983 |title=1983 South Pacific Games |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Tydens die toer na Europa gedurende [[herfs]] 1985 het Fidji in sy eerste toetswedstryd teen Wallis gespeel, wat die gasheer oortuigend met 40–3 gewen het. Daarteenoor was hul eerste wedstryd teen [[Ierse nasionale rugbyspan|Ierland]] (wat nie as ’n toetswedstryd erken is nie) meer gebalanseerd en die Fidjiane het in [[Dublin]] naelskraap met 15–16 verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/428 |title=1985 Fiji tour to British Isles |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Die hoogtepunt van die jaar 1986 was die eerste besoek van die Walliesers aan Fidji wat die gaste met 22–15 gewen het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/435 |title=1986 Wales tour to Pacific |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
=== Eerste deelname aan rugbywêreldbekertoernooie ===
Weens hul voortgesette goeie prestasies teen sterker geagte spanne was Fidji in 1987 een van die 16 lande wat deur die Internasionale Rugbyvoetbalraad (IRVR; nou [[Wêreldrugby]]) uitgenooi is om aan die eerste [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooi in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]] in [[Australië]] en [[Nieu-Seeland]] deel te neem. Daarmee het gepaard gegaan die Fidjiaanse beheerliggaam se aansluiting by die voorheen redelik eksklusiewe IRVR, waarvolgens amper alle wedstryde met die tradisionele rugbylande as toetswedstryde erken is.<ref name="Wêreldrugby" /> Tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker het Fidji Argentinië in die groepfase geklop (met 28–9), maar ook twee nederlae teen Nieu-Seeland (met 13–74) en Italië (met 15–18) gely. Aangesien by gelyke punte vir die kwarteindstrydkwalifisering die aantal drieë gedruk belangrik was, en nie soos in die huidige formaat die punteverskil nie, het die Fidjiane bo Italië en Argentinië die tweede plek gehaal en tot die kwarteindrondte gevorder. In die kwarteindstryd het hulle teen [[Franse nasionale rugbyspan|Frankryk]] met 16–31 verloor.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1987/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1987: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
Benewens die jaarlikse Stille Oseaan-drienasiestoernooi het hulle in die daaropvolgende jare ook ’n aantal toere onderneem. Onder andere het Fidji vir die eerste keer teen [[Engelse nasionale rugbyspan|Engeland]], [[Skotse nasionale rugbyspan|Skotland]] en [[Japannese nasionale rugbyspan|Japan]] te staan gekom. Die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991]], wat deur die destydse [[Sesnasies-toernooi|Vyfnasies]] aangebied is, het vir Fidji teleurstellend verloop: Hulle het in aldrie hul groepwedstryde teen [[Kanadese nasionale rugbyspan|Kanada]] (met 3–13), Frankryk (met 9–33) en [[Roemeense nasionale rugbyspan|Roemenië]] (met 15–17) verloor, waardeur hulle die laaste plek ingeneem het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1991/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1991: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
Gedurende die vroeë 1990’s het die span ernstig gesukkel en suksesse was maar skaars. Weens sy laaste plek tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker 1991 moes Fidji aan die rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering deelneem. Gedurende die uitspeelwedstryde wat uit ’n tuis- en wegwedstryd teen Tonga bestaan het, het hulle met ’n totale telling van 26–34 die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995]] in [[Suid-Afrika]] misgeloop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/175?Stagione=1995 |title=1995 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualifiers |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Nadat die IRVR in Augustus 1995 al die beperkinge rakende spelersbetaling opgehef en daarmee die professionele tydperk van die rugbyspel ingelui het, was dit vir Fidji en die ander Stille Oseaan-eilandstate terselfdertyd vloek én seën. Aan die een kant kon die nasionale span professionele spelers insluit wat oorwegend by klubs in Nieu-Seeland, Australië, Europa en Japan gespeel het. Aan die ander kant het die FRU altyd met die risiko gesit dat hierdie spelers meer as drie jaar oorsee gebly het en volgens die IRVR se woonplekreël deur die onderskeie beheerliggame gekeur kon word, waarvolgens hulle nie meer vir die nasionale span beskikbaar was nie. Buitendien het die finansieel sterk mededingers die plaaslike liga erg verswak.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book |author=Richard Bath |title=The Complete Book of Rugby |publisher=Seven Oaks Ltd. |date=1997 |ISBN=1-86200-013-1 |pages=67}}</ref> Ná jare sonder sukses het die beheerliggaam met die heropbou van die nasionale span begin, maar die prestasies was aanvanklik min gesaai. Byvoorbeeld het ’n toer vir ses wedstryde gedurende herfs 1995 na Wallis en Ierland in ses nederlae geëindig.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/619 |title=1995 Fiji tour to Wales and Ireland |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> ’n Kort toer gedurende die somer van 1996 deur Nieu-Seeland en Suid-Afrika het beter verloop, en die hoogtepunt was die eerste toetswedstryd teen die [[Springbokke]] op [[Loftus Versfeld|Loftus]] op 2 Julie. Fidji het die toets met 18–43 verloor, maar hulle kon drie dae later as troosprys die [[Blou Bulle]], een van die sterkste provinsiale spanne, met 44–37 klop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/630 |title=1996 Fiji tour to New Zealand and South Africa |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
Die daaropvolgende rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering was suksesvol en Fidji het een van die Oseaniese plekke bespreek.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/175?Stagione=1999 |title=1999 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualifiers |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Tussen die twee kwalifiseringsrondtes het hulle op 26 Junie 1998 vir ’n verrassing gesorg, toe hulle die Skotse besoekers in Suva met 51–26 oorrompel het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/rugby_union/100661.stm |title=Poor start for hapless Scots |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=26 Mei 1998 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Gedurende somer 1999 het Fidji vir die eerste keer deelgeneem aan die Stille Oseaanrand Rugbykampioenskap, ’n toernooi vir die spanne in en rondom die [[Stille Oseaan]], en die vierde plek onder ses deelnemers beklee.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/177?Stagione=1999 |title=1999 Pacific Rim |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999]], wat weer in die destydse Vyfnasies gehou is, het Fidji ná oorwinnings oor [[Namibiese nasionale rugbyspan|Namibië]] (met 67–18) en Kanada (met 38–22), asook ’n naelskraapse nederlaag teen Frankryk (met 19–28) die tweede plek gehaal en tot die uitspeelrondte gevorder, maar hulle is deur Engeland met 45–24 geklop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/1999/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 1999: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
=== Vestiging naby die wêreldklas ===
[[Lêer:South Africa vs Fiji 2007 RWC (4).jpg|duimnael|Fidji teen Suid-Afrika tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007]]]]
[[Lêer:Fiji vs Canada RWC2007 lineout.jpg|duimnael|Lynstaan tydens Fidji se groepwedstryd teen [[Kanadese nasionale rugbyspan|Kanada]] in die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007]]]]
[[Lêer:Cariparma Test Match 2010 - Italia VS Fiji (5213733679).jpg|duimnael|Toetswedstryd tussen Italië en Fidji in 2010]]
[[Lêer:South Africa vs Fiji 2011 RWC (4).jpg|duimnael|Lynstaan tydens Fidji se groepwedstryd teen [[Springbokke|Suid-Afrika]] in die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]]]]
In 2001 het Fidji die laaste Stille Oseaanrand Rugbykampioenskap beklink, nadat hulle in die eindstryd in [[Tokio]] Samoa met 28–17 geklop het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://fijirugbyunion.com/team_fiji/news/20010708_fiji_28_samoa_17.html |titel=Fiji triumph 28–17 over Samoa |publisher=[[Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie]] |author=Jeremy Duxbury |date=8 Julie 2001 |accessdate=20 Junie 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030620051123/http://www.fijirugbyunion.com/team_fiji/news/20010708_fiji_28_samoa_17.html |archive-date=20 Junie 2003 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die Stille Oseaan-drienasies in 2002 het terselfdertyd as rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering gedien. Fidji en Samoa het hul toernooiplekke met drie oorwinnings en ’n gelykop elk bespreek, bowendien het Fidji danksy sy beter punteverskil dié toernooi gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/rugby/2002/0706/165243-rugby/ |title=Fiji qualify for World Cup finals |publisher=Raidió Teilifís Éireann |date=6 Julie 2002 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> As gevolg van die wêreldwyd toenemende professionalisering en die afnemende beskikbaarheid van spelers het die tradisionele rugbytoere uit die amateurtydperk eindelik verdwyn. Die Fidjiane het hul laaste rugbytoer in Augustus 2003 deur Suid-Amerika in voorbereiding op die daaropvolgende rugbywêreldbekertoernooi aangepak.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/tour/770 |title=2003 Fiji tour to South America |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Die oorsese toere volgens die ou tradisie is veral met die midjaarrugbytoetsreeks en die eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks met ’n vaste skedule vervang. Tydens die daaropvolgende [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003]] in Australië het die Fidjiane in die groepfase die [[Verenigde State se nasionale rugbyspan|Verenigde State]] (met 19–18) en Japan (met 41–13) geklop, maar hulle het teen Skotland (met 20–22) en Frankryk (met 18–61) verloor. Vervolgens het hulle met hul derde plek die kwarteindrondte misgeloop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2003/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2003: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
In 2002 was die FRU een van die stigterslede van die Stille Oseaan-eilande Rugbyalliansie wat die doelwit gehad het om die samewerking tussen die Stille Oseaan-rugbylande te verbeter. In 2004 het die lede die gesamentlike keurspan Stille Oseaan-eilanders byeengeroep, wat volgens die [[Britse en Ierse Leeus]] se voorbeeld al om die twee jaar pleks van die onderskeidelike nasionale span ’n aantal toetswedstryde teen die vername rugbylande gespeel het. Op mediumtermyn sou dié span homself vir ’n moontlike uitbreiding van die [[Superrugby|Super 12]] of die [[Die Rugbykampioenskap|Drienasiesreeks]] beskikbaar stel.<ref name="islands" /> In altesaam elf wedstryde het hulle agt nederlae gely en drie oorwinnings aangeteken. In 2009 het die Samoaanse beheerliggaam die alliansie verlaat, aangesien hulle glo naas die sportiewe ook nie in die finansiële doelwitte geslaag het nie. Sedertdien het die Stille Oseaan-eilanders ondanks verskeie herlewingspogings nie meer byeengekom nie.<ref name="Samoa quits" /> Net soos die ander Stille Oseaan-rugbylande het Fidji toenemend gebuk gegaan onder die feit dat die beste spelers kontrakte by oorsese klubs onderteken het en vervolgens van hul onderskeie klubs afhanklik was. Dit en ander nadele het daartoe gelei dat die beheerliggame van Fidji, Samoa en Tonga in 2000 die kontinentale beheerliggaam Vereniging van Oseaniese Rugbyunies (''Federation of Oceania Rugby Unions'', FORU; nou [[Oseanië Rugby]], OR) van stapel gestuur het.<ref name="islands" /> Die FORU het vir ’n medebeslissingsreg by die IRR se uitvoerende raad aangeklop en dit is in 2004 toegestaan. Die meer as ’n dosyn lede moet egter twee setels deel en word dus steeds erg benadeel teenoor die “groot” rugbylande.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal |author=Robert F. Dewey |title=Pacific Islands rugby: Navigating the global professional era |editor=Greg Ryan |work=The changing face of rugby: The Union game and professionalism since 1995 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |location=Newcastle |date=2008 |ISBN=978-1-84718-530-3 |pages=95–97}}</ref>
Tydens die 2005-midjaarrugbytoetsreeks het Fidji weg teen Nieu-Seeland met 0–91 hul ergste nederlaag in dié tyd gely; die in Fidji gebore All Black [[Sitiveni Sivivatu]], wat volgens die woonplekreël gekeur is, het met vier drieë die meeste punte aangeteken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2005/jun/11/lions2005.rugbyunion |title=Four-try Sivivatu leads slaughter of the islanders |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 Junie 2005 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Ses weke later het die Fidjiane vir die rugbywêreldbeker gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/175?Stagione=2007 |title=2007 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualifiers |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> In 2006 is die vorige Stille Oseaan-drienasies met die nuwe [[Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker]] vervang. Tydens die eerste toernooi het die FRU vyf spelers vir die res van die jaar geskors, nadat hulle in Japan dronk in ’n bakleiery betrokke was.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/international/5244382.stm |title=Five Fijians banned after brawl |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=4 Augustus 2006 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
Die 2007-midjaarrugbytoetsreeks het as voorbereiding op die rugbywêreldbeker gedien. Vir dié toernooi kon die Fidjiane nie op hul beste spelers staat maak nie, aangesien hulle deur hul klubs nie beskikbaar gestel is nie. Erg verswak is hulle weg deur die Wallabies met 0–49 geklop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rte.ie/sport/rugby/2007/0609/218799-australia/ |title=Australia 49–0 Fiji |publisher=Raidió Teilifís Éireann |date=9 Junie 2007 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007]] in Frankryk het Fidji weer oor alle spelers beskik. In die groepfase het hulle twee oorwinnings oor Japan (met 35–31) en Kanada (met 29–16) aangeteken. Vir die wedstryd teen Australië het die hoofafrigter ’n aantal sleutelspelers laat rus, waardeur die 12–55-nederlaag geen verrassing was nie. Die volstomspan het in die wedstryd Wallis oorheers en in ’n tot die eindfluitjie noue wedstryd ’n verrassende oorwinning met 38–34 aangeteken. Daarmee het hulle vir die eerste keer sedert 1987 die kwarteindrondte gehaal. Hulle is egter deur die latere kampioen Suid-Afrika met 37–20 geklop. Met hul kwarteindrondtedeelname het hulle regstreeks vir die daaropvolgende rugbywêreldbeker gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2007/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2007: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
Nadat hulle tydens die eerste drie Stille Oseaan-nasiesbekertoernooie onderpresteer het, het die Fidjiane tydens die 2009-toernooi die tweede plek behaal en hulle is slegs deur die ''Junior All Blacks'', die Nieu-Seelandse tweede span, verbygesteek.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/8?Stagione=2009 |title=2009 Pacific Nations Cup |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> In 2010 het hulle weer as naaswenner geëindig, dié keer na Japan, wat ’n beter punteverskil gehad het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/8?Stagione=2010 |title=2010 Pacific Nations Cup |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> In dieselfde jaar is hulle in toetswedstryde deur Australië en Frankryk maklik verslaan. Daarteenoor het hulle in November 2010 in Cardiff teen die Walliesers in ’n verrassende 16–16-gelykop gespeel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/9206584.stm |title=Wales 16–16 Fiji |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=19 November 2010 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]] in Nieu-Seeland is die Fidjiane in ’n sterk groep geloot. In hul eerste wedstryd het hulle Namibië met 49–25 geklop, maar in die ander drie wedstryde het hulle swak nederlae gely: met 3–49 teen Suid-Afrika, met 7–27 teen Samoa en met 0–66 teen Wallis.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2011/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2011: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
=== Geleidelike suksesse ===
[[Lêer:Rugby world cup 2011 wales fidji 6 octobre 2011 - 7309577128.jpg|duimnael|Fidji teen Wallis tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker 2011]]
Ná hul tweede plek in 2012 het Fidji tydens die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker 2013 vir die eerste keer die titel gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/8?Stagione=2013 |title=2013 Pacific Nations Cup |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Daarteenoor het hulle al hul toetswedstryde teen vlak-een-spanne verloor. Een rede hiervoor was die spelers se gebrek aan dissipline. Byvoorbeeld het die Fidjiane in November 2013 in [[Cremona]] teen Italië vyf geel kaarte gesien. Hoewel hulle met tye slegs elf pleks van 15 spelers op die veld gehad het, was die nederlaag met 31–37 nogal naelskraap.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/rugby-union/italy-vs-fiji/62477 |title=Autumn internationals: Italy hold on to defeat ill-disciplined Fiji |publisher=Sky Sports |date=16 November 2013 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Sewe maande later het hulle in Suva met ’n 25–14-oorwinning wraak geneem. Tydens die rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering in dieselfde maand was ’n maklike 108–6-oorwinning oor die Cookeilande genoeg.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/175?Stagione=2015 |title=2015 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualifiers |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Tydens die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker 2015 het die Fidjiane hul tweede titel gewen; in die eindstryd in die Kanadese stad [[Burnaby]] het hulle Samoa met 39–29 geklop.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/archive/ca/entry/fiji-defeats-samoa-39-29-in-wild-pacific-nations-cup-final_n_7929968 |title=Fiji defeats Samoa 39–29 in wild Pacific Nations Cup final |publisher=Huffpost |date=8 Maart 2015 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Soos vier jaar voorheen is Fidji tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015]] in ’n “doodsgroep” geloot. Die openingswedstryd op die Londense [[Twickenham-stadion]] teen die gasheer Engeland het soos verwag in ’n 11–35-nederlaag geëindig. Ná twee verdere nederlae teen Australië (met 13–28) en Wallis (met 13–23) het Fidji reeds die kwarteindrondte misgeloop; hul maklike oorwinning oor [[Uruguaanse nasionale rugbyspan|Uruguay]] met 47–15 was nie meer van belang nie.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2019/archive/2015/overview |title=Rugby World Cup 2015: Overview |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
In 2016, 2017 en 2018 het Fidji in die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbekertoernooi drie opeenvolgende titels ingepalm en in al daardie toernooie onoorwonne gebly.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/8?Stagione=2016 |title=2016 Pacific Nations Cup |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/8?Stagione=2017 |title=2017 Pacific Nations Cup |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/8?Stagione=2018 |title=2018 Pacific Nations Cup |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> In 2017 het die toernooi ook as rugbywêreldbekerkwalifisering gedien.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/175?Stagione=2019 |title=2019 Rugby World Cup – Oceania qualifiers |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Tydens die [[2017 midjaarrugbytoetsreeks]] het Fidji Italië en Skotland tuis verslaan. In November 2018 het hul 21–14-wegoorwinning oor Frankryk groot opskudding veroorsaak; dit was hul eerste oorwinning oor dié span ooit.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/rugby-union/news/12321/11562921/france-14-21-fiji-fiji-finally-claim-win-over-france |title=France 14–21 Fiji: Fiji finally claim win over France |publisher=Sky Sports |date=14 November 2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Hul prestasies tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2019]] in Japan was gemeng. Op hul 21–39-nederlaag teen Australië het ’n onverwagse 27–30-nederlaag teen die buiteperd Uruguay gevolg. Die derde groepwedstryd teen [[Georgiese nasionale rugbyspan|Georgië]] het in ’n maklike 45–17-oorwinning geëindig. In hul laaste wedstryd het die Fidjiane teen Wallis met 17–29 verloor. Met hul derde plek het hulle die uitklopfase misgeloop, maar regstreeks vir die volgende toernooi gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/archive/2019/matches |title=Rugby World Cup 2019: Matches |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=2019 |accessdate=21 September 2025}} {{dooie skakel}}</ref>
Sowel in 2020 as in 2021 is die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbekertoernooi weens die wêreldwye [[Covid-19-pandemie]] afgelas. Pleks daarvan is Fidji vir die Herfsnasiesbeker in November 2020 na Groot-Brittanje genooi. Weens ’n aantal besmettings het die span al die groepwedstryde misgeloop en hulle is as nederlae geag.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/nov/20/fiji-covid-19-crisis-forces-cancellation-of-scotland-autumn-nations-cup-clash-rugby-union |title=Fiji Covid-19 crisis forces cancellation of Scotland Autumn Nations Cup clash |publisher=[[The Guardian]] |date=20 November 2020 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Hulle kon slegs in die wedstryd om die sewende plek speel en het met 38–24 teen Georgië gewen.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/608?Stagione=2020 |title=2020 Autumn Nations Cup |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
Aan die begin van 2022 het Wêreldrugby ’n nuwe reël geïmplementeer wat vir die Stille Oseaan-eilandstate as baie voordelig beskou word. Hiervolgens kan nasionale spelers van ’n “groot” rugbyland na ’n ander land oorskakel, ongeag die aantal toetswedstryde wat tot dusver gespeel is. Hiervoor moes 36 maande verloop het sedert die laaste toetswedstryd en die speler moet in die betrokke land gebore wees; ’n oorskakeling is ook moontlik met ’n ouer of grootouer wat daar gebore is. Vervolgens kon talle spelers met ’n Fidjiaanse, Samoaanse of Tongaanse herkoms tydens die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023]] vir hul oorspronklike land speel.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/rugby/all-blacks/300462490/world-rugbys-tweak-of-eligibility-rule-game-changing-for-pacific-island-unions |title=World Rugby's tweak of eligibility rule game changing for Pacific Island unions |publisher=stuff.co.nz |date=25 November 2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Tydens die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbekertoernooi 2023 het die Fidjiane onoorwonne gebly en hul sesde titel ingepalm.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.rugbyarchive.net/compseasons/8?Stagione=2023 |title=2023 Pacific Nations Cup |publisher=rugbyarchive.net |date=2023 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> In hul laaste opwarmingswedstryd voor die Rugbywêreldbeker 2023 in Frankryk kon Fidji op Twickenham sy eerste oorwinning oor Engeland ooit aanteken.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/66629208 |title=England 22–30 Fiji: Pacific island nation beat England for first time |publisher=[[BBC]] |date=26 Augustus 2023 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Tydens die hooftoernooi het die Fidjiane hul eerste oorwinning oor Australië in 69 jaar aangeteken (met 22–15) en Georgië naelskraap geklop (met 17–12), maar hulle het ook naelskraapse nederlae teen Wallis (met 26–32) en ietwat verrassend teen [[Portugese nasionale rugbyspan|Portugal]] (met 23–24) gely. Daarmee het hulle pleks van die Australiërs die uitklopfase gehaal, maar teen Engeland vasgeval (met 24–30).<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2023/news/881138/fiji-rugby-world-cup-2023-review |title=Fiji: Rugby World Cup 2023 review |publisher=rugbyworldcup.com |date=17 Oktober 2023 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Met hul kwarteindrondtedeelname het die Fidjiane regstreeks vir die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2027|2027-toernooi]] in Australië gekwalifiseer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.ruck.co.uk/england-among-12-teams-to-automatically-qualify-for-2027-rugby-world-cup/ |title=England among 12 teams to automatically qualify for 2027 Rugby World Cup |publisher=Ruck |date=14 Oktober 2023 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
Tydens die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbekertoernooi 2024 het die Fidjiane hul titel onoorwonne verdedig,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/pacific-nations-cup/en/news/959093/asahi-super-dry-pacific-nations-cup-final-recap |title=Asahi Super Dry Pacific Nations Cup: Brilliant Fiji claim sixth title |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |date=21 September 2024 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> sowel as tydens die Stille Oseaan-nasiesbekertoernooi 2025.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/pacific-nations-cup/en/news/1016505/asahi-super-dry-pacific-nations-cup-2025-final-fiji-v-japan |title=Asahi Super Dry Pacific Nations Cup 2025: 7-up for Fiji after epic final win over Japan |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |date=21 September 2025 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
== Kleure, embleem en bynaam ==
Fidji speel tradisioneel in ’n wit trui met swart kleuraksente, wit broeke en swart-wit-gestreepte sokkies. Hul alternatiewe trui is swart met wit kleuraksente, wit broeke en wit sokkies met swart bane.
Die huidige truiverskaffer is sedert 2025 Umbro<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.fijivillage.com/sports/Fiji-Rugby-signs-5-year-partnership-with-Umbro-5rf48x |title=Fiji Rugby signs 5 year partnership with Umbro |publisher=Fiji Village |author=Alipate Narawa |date=22 Januarie 2025 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> en die truiborg is sedert 2025 Fiji Water.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/-Fiji-Rugby-renews-partnership-with-Fiji-Water-for-the-next-4-years-fx854r |title=Fiji Rugby renews partnership with Fiji Water for the next 4 years |publisher=Fiji Village |author=Mosese Raqio |date=20 Junie 2024 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> Die beheerliggaam se kenteken verskyn op die regterbors, die truiverskaffer se kenteken links en die borgkenteken in die middel.
Die beheerliggaam [[Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie]], wat ook op die trui verskyn, se kenteken toon ’n [[Palmagtige|palmboom]] in swart voor ’n gestileerde rugbybal met ’n swart fraiing en die belettering ''Fiji Rugby'' daaronder. Die nasionale span se bynaam is ''Flying Fijians'' (“Vlieënde Fidjiane”).
== Truiverskaffers en -borge ==
Sedert 1970 het die volgende truiverskaffers en -borge verskyn:
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
! Tydperk
! Truiverskaffer
! Truiborg
|-
|rowspan="2"|1970–2003
|rowspan="2"|[[Canterbury of New Zealand|Canterbury]]
|National Bank of Fiji
|-
|[[Vodafone]]
|-
|2004–2005
|[[Cotton Traders]]
|[[Digicel Pacific|Digicel]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|2005–2016
|rowspan="3"|[[KooGa]]–[[Beyond Limits Known|BLK]]
|Fiji Flour Mills
|-
|[[Fiji Airways]]
|-
|[[Vodafone]]
|-
|rowspan="3"|2017–2021
|rowspan="3"|[[ISC (maatskappy)|ISC]]
|[[Fiji Airways]]
|-
|Vodafone
|-
|[[China Navigation Company|Swire Shipping]]
|-
|2021–2024
|[[Nike (maatskappy)|Nike]]
|[[Fiji Water]]
|-
|sedert 2025
|[[Umbro]]
|[[Fiji Water]]
|}
== Die Cibi ==
[[Lêer:Fiji vs Canada RWC2007 cibi.jpg|duimnael|Fidji voer die Cibi tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker 2007 teen [[Kanadese nasionale rugbyspan|Kanada]] op]]
[[Lêer:The Fiji cibi (5190205131).jpg|duimnael|Fidji se Cibi op [[Millennium-stadion]] in [[Cardiff]], [[Wallis]], 2010]]
[[Lêer:South Africa vs Fiji 2011 RWC (1).jpg|duimnael|Fidji voer die Cibi tydens die Rugbywêreldbeker 2011 teen Suid-Afrika op]]
Voor elke wedstryd voer die span ’n ''Cibi'' ([[Fidjiaans]]: [ˈðimbi]) genoemde oorlogsdans uit om die teenstander te intimideer en hulself aan te moedig. Dit is tydens die 1939-toer na Nieu-Seeland vir die eerste keer gedans om die bekende [[Haka]] van die [[All Blacks]] en ander Nieu-Seelandse keurspanne (in dié geval die Nieu-Seelandse Maori) met ’n ekwivalent te beantwoord. Ratu Sir George Cakobau, die destydse spankaptein, het Ratu Bola, die opperhoof van die krygerstam Navusaradave in die provinsie Ba, versoek om vir die nasionale span ’n nuwe oorlogsdans te bedink.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://fijisun.com.fj/2009/11/14/no-evil-in-cibi/ |title=No evil in cibi |publisher=Fiji Sun |author=Maciu Malo |date=14 November 2009 |accessdate=9 Mei 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509082916/https://fijisun.com.fj/2009/11/14/no-evil-in-cibi/ |archive-date=9 Mei 2025 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/rugby_union/features/newsid_3104000/3104432.stm |title=Learn the amazing Fijiian cibi! |publisher=[[BBC]] |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
{|
|'''Fidjiaans'''
|'''Afrikaans'''
|-
| style="padding-right:50px" |
''Ai tei vovo, tei vovo''<br />
''E ya, e ya, e ya, e ya;''<br />
''Tei vovo, tei vovo''<br />
''E ya, e ya, e ya, e ya''
''Rai tu mai, rai tu mai''<br />
''Oi au a virviri kemu bai''<br />
''Rai tu mai, rai ti mai''<br />
''Oi au a virviri kemu bai''
''Toa yalewa, toa yalewa''<br />
''Veico, veico, veico''<br />
''Au tabu moce koi au''<br />
''Au moce ga ki domo ni biau''
''E luvu koto ki ra nomu waqa''<br />
''O kaya beka au sa luvu sara''<br />
''nomu bai e wawa mere''<br />
''Au tokia ga ka tasere''
|
Maak reg, maak reg,<br />
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh; *<br />
Maak reg, maak reg,<br />
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
Kyk hier, kyk hier,<br />
Ek bou ’n oorlogdraad vir jou,<br />
Kyk hier, kyk hier,<br />
Ek bou ’n oorlogdraad vir jou
’n Haan en ’n hen,<br />
Hulle val aan, val aan, val aan,<br />
Ek mag nie sluimer nie,<br />
Behalwe vir die geluid van die inbrekende branders
Jou skip lê diep gekelder,<br />
Moenie dink ek het ook verdrink nie.<br />
Jou verdediging wag net daarop<br />
Om in te stort as ek dit prik.
|}
'''*''' soos ’n waarskuwing uitgespreek
== Tuisstadions ==
Fidji se tuisstadion is die HFC Bank-stadion in die hoofstad [[Suva]] wat in 1951 opgerig is. Ná opknappings in 1978/79 en 2012 het dit ’n kapasiteit van 15 000. Hier is tot dusver sowat driekwart van Fidji se tuiswedstryde aangebied.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://fijisun.com.fj/2012/08/09/17-5m-for-stadium-upgrade/ |title=$17.5m for stadium upgrade |publisher=Fiji Sun |author=Anasilini Ratuva |date=9 Augustus 2012 |accessdate=30 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130221912/http://fijisun.com.fj/2012/08/09/17-5m-for-stadium-upgrade/ |archive-date=30 November 2024 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.fijisportscouncil.com.fj/facilities/anz-stadium/ |title=ANZ Stadium |publisher=Fiji Sports Council |date=2021 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref> ’n Ander belangrike stadion is die Churchillpark in [[Lautoka]] wat sedert 1954 gereeld gebruik word. Enkele wedstryde is ook op die Prince Charles Park in Nadi gespeel.
== Toetswedstryde ==
[[Lêer:Fiji IRB World Rankings.png|duimnael|400px|Fidji se plek op [[Wêreldrugby]] se ranglys van 10 Oktober 2003 tot op hede]]
Fidji het 192 van sy 370 toetswedstryde gewen, ’n wenrekord van 51,89%. Fidji se statistieke in toetswedstryde teen alle lande, in alfabetiese volgorde, is soos volg (korrek teen September 2025):<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;team=14;template=results;type=team;view=opposition |title=International Rugby Union Statistics – Fiji |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Teenstander
! Gespeel
! Gewen
! Verloor
! Gelykop
! % Gewen
|- bgcolor="#d0ffd0" align="center"
|-
| {{ARGru}} || 4 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 25,00
|-
| {{AUSru}} || 23 || 3 || 19 || 1 || 13,04
|-
| {{BELru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{geenvlag|[[Britse Barbarians]]}} || 3 || 1 || 2 || 0 || 33,33
|-
| {{COKru}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{ENGru}} || 9 || 1 || 8 || 0 || 11,11
|-
| {{FRAru}} || 12 || 1 || 11 || 0 || 8,33
|-
| {{GEOru}} || 8 || 6 || 1 || 1 || 75,00
|-
| {{HKGru}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{IRLru}} || 6 || 0 || 6 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{ITAru}} || 13 || 6 || 7 || 0 || 46,15
|-
| {{JPNru}} || 21 || 17 || 4 || 0 || 80,95
|-
| {{CANru}} || 14 || 10 || 4 || 0 || 71,43
|-
| {{NAMru}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{NZLru}} || 8 || 0 || 8 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Nieu-Seelandse Maori || 28 || 8 || 18 || 2 || 28,57
|-
| {{NIUru}} || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{PNGru}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{PORru}} || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 66,67
|-
| {{ROMru}} || 3 || 2 || 1 || 0 || 66,67
|-
| {{Ru-rt|Salomonseilande}} || 2 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 100
|-
| {{SAMru}} || 61 || 37 || 21 || 3 || 60,66
|-
| {{SCOru}} || 12 || 3 || 9 || 0 || 25,00
|-
| {{ESPru}} || 3 || 3 || 0 || 0 || 100,00
|-
| {{RSAru}} || 3 || 0 || 3 || 0 || 0,00
|-
| {{TGAru}} || 96 || 66 || 27 || 3 || 68,75
|-
| {{URUru}} || 4 || 3 || 1 || 0 || 75,00
|-
| {{USAru}} || 7 || 6 || 1 || 0 || 85,71
|-
| {{WALru}} || 15 || 2 || 12 || 1 || 13,33
|-
| align="left" |'''Algeheel''' || '''370''' || '''192''' || '''167''' || '''11''' || '''51,89'''
|}
== Rekords ==
=== Wêreldbekerrekord ===
Fidji het tot dusver aan amper elke [[rugbywêreldbeker]]toernooi deelgeneem, met uitsondering van die [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995]] in Suid-Afrika. Hul beste prestasie tot dusver was hul vordering tot die kwarteindrondte in [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]], [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]] en [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023|2023]].
{| class="wikitable"
! Jaar !! Uitslag
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1987|1987]] || Kwarteindrondte
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1991|1991]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1995|1995]] || Geen deelname
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 1999|1999]] || Uitspeelrondte
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2003|2003]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2007|2007]] || Kwarteindrondte
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2011|2011]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2015|2015]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2019|2019]] || Groepfase
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2023|2023]] || Kwarteindrondte
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2027|2027]] || ''gekwalifiseer''
|-
| align=center | [[Rugbywêreldbeker 2031|2031]] || {{n.v.t.}}
|}
=== Stille Oseaan-drienasies ===
Die Stille Oseaan-drienasies was van 1982 tot 2005 die tradisionele jaarlikse toernooi tussen die drie Stille Oseaan-rugbylande Fidji, Samoa en Tonga. Hulle het die toernooi elf keer gewen.
* Titeloorwinnings (11): 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2004
=== Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker ===
Fidji se enigste jaarlikse toernooi sedert 2006 is die [[Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker]], waartydens hulle teen Samoa en Tonga speel (soms word ook ander nasionale span genooi). Hulle het die toernooi agt keer gewen.
* Titeloorwinnings (8): 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2023, 2024, 2025
=== Stille Oseaanrand Rugbykampioenskap ===
Fidji het drie keer aan die Stille Oseaanrand Rugbykampioenskap deelgeneem en die laaste toernooi gewen.
* Titeloorwinnings (1): 2001
=== Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele ===
Fidji het vyf keer aan die Suid-Stille Oseaan-spele se rugbytoernooi deelgeneem en drie keer gewen.
* Titeloorwinnings (3): 1963, 1969, 1983
=== Ander toetswedstryde ===
Gedurende die amateurtydperk het Fidji maandelange oorsese toere onderneem, waartydens hulle teen ander nasionale spanne, plaaslike saamgestelde spanne en klubspanne gespeel het. Eweneens het oorsese spanne na Fidji getoer. Teen die jaar 2000 het die oorsese toere volgens die ou tradisie tot ’n einde gekom, aangesien die professionalisering van die rugbyspel te min tyd vir toere oorlaat. Deesdae is toetswedstryde teen die spanne van die Noordelike Halfrond tweekeer per jaar moontlik. Gedurende Juniemaand se midjaarrugbytoetsreeks vertrek Europese spanne na Fidji en gedurende Novembermaand se eindjaarrugbytoetsreeks reis Fidji na Europa. As deel daarvan ding Fidji sedert 2025 met Australië om die Vuvale Bowl mee.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://pmn.co.nz/read/sports/why-flyings-fijians-are-priority-for-wallabies-not-lions |title=Why Wallabies are prioritising Flying Fijians over the Lions |publisher=Pacific Media Network |author=Christine Rovoi |date=4 Julie 2025 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
== Spelers ==
=== Huidige span ===
Die volgende spelers het die Fidjiaanse span gevorm tydens die [[Stille Oseaan-nasiesbeker]] 2025:<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.fijirugby.com/mick-byrne-names-fiji-water-flying-fijians-squad-for-2025-pacific-nations-cup |title=Mick Byrne Names FIJI Water Flying Fijians Squad for 2025 Pacific Nations Cup |publisher=[[Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie]] |date=11 Augustus 2025 |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
{|
| valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Agterspelers ''(backs)''
|-
! Speler !! Posisie !! Klub !! Toetswedstryde
|-
| [[Simione Kuruvoli]] || [[Skrumskakel]] || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | 18
|-
| [[Philip Baselala]] || Skrumskakel || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}1
|-
| [[Isaiah Armstrong-Ravula]] || [[Losskakel]] || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | 11
|-
| [[Caleb Muntz]] || Losskakel || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | 15
|-
| [[Semi Radradra]] || [[Senter]] || [[Shizuoka Blue Revs]] || style="text-align:center" | 21
|-
| [[Kalaveti Ravouvou]] || Senter || [[Bristol Bears]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}8
|-
| [[Inia Tabuavou]] || Senter || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}8
|-
| [[Seta Tamanivalu]] || Senter || [[Toshiba Brave Lupus Tokyo]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}3
|-
| [[Ponepati Loganimasi]] || [[Vleuel]] || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}4
|-
| [[Taniela Rakuro]] || Vleuel || Taranaki || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}0
|-
| [[Tuidraki Samusamuvodre]] || Vleuel || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}0
|-
| [[Kemu Valetini]] || Vleuel || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}1
|-
| [[Sam Wye]] || [[Heelagter]] || Taradale || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}1
|}
|
| valign="top"|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Voorspelers ''(forwards)''
|-
! Speler !! Posisie !! Klub !! Toetswedstryde
|-
| [[Tevita Ikanivere]] [[Lêer:Captain sports.svg|15px|Kaptein]] || [[Haker]] || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | 24
|-
| [[Zuriel Togiatama]] || Haker || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}5
|-
| [[Mesake Doge]] || [[Stut]] || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | 19
|-
| [[Haereiti Hetet]] || Stut || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | 17
|-
| [[Eroni Mawi]] || Stut || [[Saracens]] || style="text-align:center" | 42
|-
| [[Samu Tawake]] || Stut || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | 13
|-
| [[Meli Tuni]] || Stut || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}1
|-
| [[Temo Mayanavanua]] || [[Slot (rugby)|Slot]] || [[Northampton Saints]] || style="text-align:center" | 26
|-
| [[Isoa Nasilasila]] || Slot || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | 22
|-
| [[Mesake Vocevoce]] || Slot || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}9
|-
| [[Etonia Waqa]] || Slot || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}0
|-
| [[Elia Canakaivata]] || [[Losvoorspeler]] || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | 12
|-
| [[Viliame Mata]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Bristol Bears]] || style="text-align:center" | 35
|-
| [[Motikai Murray]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}0
|-
| [[Kitione Salawa jr.]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}9
|-
| [[Isoa Tuwai]] || Losvoorspeler || [[Fijian Drua]] || style="text-align:center" | {{0}}0
|}
|}
=== Bekende spelers ===
{{dubbelbeeld|regs|Waisale Serevi 2014.jpg|150|Nicky Little.jpg|150|Waisale Serevi (2014)|Nicki Little (2007)}}
{{dubbelbeeld|regs|Seremaia Baï.jpg|150|VGoneva.jpg|150|Seremaia Bai (2009)|Vereniki Goneva (2012)}}
{{dubbelbeeld|regs|Leone Nakarawa June 2014 (cropped).jpg|150|BEN VOLA VOLA (15401278078).jpg|150|Leone Nakarawa (2014)|Ben Volavola (2014)}}
Een voormalige Fidjiaanse speler is vir sy uitstekende prestasie in Wêreldrugby se Heldesaal opgeneem:<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.world.rugby/halloffame/inductees |title=Inductees |publisher=[[Wêreldrugby]] |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Speler !! Posisie !! Inskrywing
|-
| [[Waisale Serevi]] || [[Losskakel]], [[Heelagter]], [[Skrumskakel]] || 2013
|}
=== Spelerstatistieke ===
Vervolgens die belangrikste statistieke van Fidji se spelers. Die spelers wat met <nowiki>*</nowiki> gekenmerk is, is nog aktief en kan hul statistieke verbeter.
<small>(Korrek teen September 2025)</small>
{|
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste toetswedstryde<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;team=14;template=results;type=player |title=Total matches played (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Toetswedstryde
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Nicky Little]] || 1996–2011 || 71
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Leone Nakarawa]] || 2009–2021 || 66
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Akapusi Qera]] || 2005–2018 || 64
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Campese Ma’afu]] || 2010–2019 || 62
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Vereniki Goneva]] || 2007–2019 || 59
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Sunia Koto]] || 2005–2017 || 57
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Seremaia Bai]] || 2000–2016 || 53
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Manasa Saulo]] || 2012–2022 || 51
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Dominiko Waqaniburotu]] || 2010–2019 || 51
|-
| 10 || colspan=3 | Twee spelers met 49 toetswedstryde elk
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste toetswedstryde as kaptein<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?captain=1;class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=matches;team=14;template=results;type=player |title=Total matches played as captain (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Toetswedstryde
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Akapusi Qera]] || 2011–2018 || 38
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Greg Smith]] || 1996–2003 || 30
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Waisea Nayacalevu]] || 2020–2024 || 20
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Esala Teleni]] || 1983–1989 || 19
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Mosese Rauluni]] || 2004–2008 || 17
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Dominiko Waqaniburotu]] || 2010–2019 || 16
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Epi Bolawaqatabu]] || 1969–1973 || 12
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Tevita Ikanivere]] * || 2024–2025 || 12
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Deacon Manu]] || 2010–2012 || 12
|-
| 10 || colspan=3 | Twee spelers met elf toetswedstryde elk
|}
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste punte aangeteken<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=points;team=14;template=results;type=player |title=Total points scored (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Punte
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Nicky Little]] || 1996–2011 || 670
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Seremaia Bai]] || 2000–2016 || 321
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Ben Volavola]] || 2015–2023 || 294
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Severo Koroduadua]] || 1982–1991 || 268
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Nemani Nadolo]] || 2010–2021 || 237
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Waisale Serevi]] || 1989–2003 || 221
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Caleb Muntz]] * || 2023–2025 || 162
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Vereniki Goneva]] || 2007–2019 || 110
|-
| {{0}}9 || [[Taniela Rawaqa]] || 2007–2011 || 103
|-
| 10 || [[Waisea Nayacalevu]] || 2012–2024 || {{0}}90
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Meeste drieë gedruk<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://stats.espnscrum.com/statsguru/rugby/stats/index.html?class=1;filter=advanced;orderby=tries;team=14;template=results;type=player |title=Total tries scored (descending) |publisher=ESPNscrum |accessdate=21 September 2025}}</ref>
|-
! style="width:50px"| Rang !! style="width:175px"| Naam !! style="width:100px"| Tydperk !! style="width:75px"| Drieë
|-
| {{0}}1 || [[Vereniki Goneva]] || 2007–2019 || 22
|-
| {{0}}2 || [[Nemani Nadolo]] || 2010–2021 || 22
|-
| {{0}}3 || [[Sanivalati Laulau]] || 1980–1985 || 20
|-
| {{0}}4 || [[Waisea Nayacalevu]] || 2012–2024 || 18
|-
| {{0}}5 || [[Norman Ligairi]] || 2000–2010 || 17
|-
| {{0}}6 || [[Timoci Nagusa]] || 2008–2018 || 16
|-
| {{0}}7 || [[Viliame Satala]] || 1999–2005 || 16
|-
| {{0}}8 || [[Fero Lasagavibau]] || 1997–2002 || 15
|-
| {{0}}9 || colspan=3 | Drie spelers met 13 drieë elk
|}
|}
== Afrigters ==
{{dubbelbeeld|regs|Inoke Male 2010.jpg|150|Vern Cotter.jpg|150|Inoke Male (2013)|Vern Cotter (2010)}}
{{dubbelbeeld|regs|Simon Raiwalui.jpg|150|Mick Byrne 2023.png|150|Simon Raiwalui (2023)|Mick Byrne (2023)}}
Fidji het in 1954 met William Goodsir sy eerste afrigter benoem. Sedert 2024 dien die Australiër Mick Byrne as Fidjiaanse hoofafrigter.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Naam !! Tydperk
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} William Goodsir || 1954
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Australië}} Douglas Walkden-Brown || 1964
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Fidji}} Jo Sovau || 1987
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} George Simpkin || 1987–1991
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Fidji}} Samisoni Viriviri Sr || 1989–1991
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Fidji}} Meli Kurisaru || 1996
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Brad Johnstone || 1996–1999
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Australië}} Greg Smith || 2000–2001
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Fidji}} Ifereimi Tawake (tussentyds) || 2001–2002
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Mac McCallion || 2002–2003
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Wayne Pivac || 2004–2007
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Fidji}} Ilivasi Tabua || 2007–2008
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Mike Brewer || 2009–2010
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Fidji}} Sam Domoni || 2010–2011
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Fidji}} Inoke Male || 2012–2014
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} John McKee || 2014–2019
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Nieu-Seeland}} Vern Cotter || 2020–2023
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Fidji}} Simon Raiwalui || 2023
|-
| {{vlagikoon|Australië}} Mick Byrne || sedert 2024
|}
== Sien ook ==
{{Portaal|Rugby|Ru ball.svg}}
* [[Fidjiaanse nasionale vrouerugbyspan]]
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|4}}
== Bronnelys ==
* {{en}} {{cite journal |author=Robert F. Dewey |title=Pacific Islands rugby: Navigating the global professional era |editor=Greg Ryan |work=The changing face of rugby: The Union game and professionalism since 1995 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |location=Newcastle |date=2008 |ISBN=978-1-84718-530-3}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=Richard Bath |title=The Complete Book of Rugby |publisher=Seven Oaks Ltd. |date=1997 |ISBN=1-86200-013-1}}
* {{en}} {{cite book |author=J. R. Jones |title=Encyclopedia of Rugby Union Football |publisher=Robert Hale |location=Londen |date=1976 |ISBN=0-7091-5394-5}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{CommonsKategorie|Fiji national rugby union team|Fidjiaanse nasionale rugbyspan}}
* {{en}} [https://www.fijirugby.com/ Amptelike webwerf van die Fidjiaanse Rugbyunie]
* {{en}} [https://www.world.rugby/organisation/membership/oceania/fiji Fidji by Wêreldrugby]
* {{en}} [https://www.planetrugby.com/team/fiji/ Fidji op Planet Rugby]
{{Nasionale rugbyspanne}}
{{Normdata}}
{{Voorbladster}}
[[Kategorie:Rugby in Fidji]]
[[Kategorie:Nasionale rugbyspanne van Oseanië]]
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== Opsomming ==
{{Beeldinligting
|beskrywing=Danie Theron
|bron=http://www.instinsky.de/Boer_War/Danie_Theron/danie_theron.html
|datum=ca 1900
|daarsteller=Gebruiker:Morne
|outeur=Onbekend
|ander_weergawes=[[Lêer:Theron, valskleur-KI-herskepping.jpg|85px|KI-konsep]]
}}
<!-- VERPLIG: Moenie vergeet om n lisensie te kies ASOOK n bron EN n outeur in te vul nie! -->
== Lisensiëring ==
{{PD-SA}}
[[Kategorie:Mense in die Tweede Vryheidsoorlog]]
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{{Inligtingskas Musikale kunstenaar
| naam = Slipknot
| beeld = Slipknot - Soundwave Festival, Melbourne Australia, 2nd March 2012 (2).jpg
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| beeldonderskrif =
| agtergrondkleur = groep
| geboortenaam =
| alias =
| geboortedatum =
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| oorsprong = [[Des Moines, Iowa]]
| sterfdatum =
| sterfplek =
| genre =
| beroep =
| instrument =
| jare_aktief = 1995—nou
| etiket =
| assosiasies =
| webwerf = {{URL|slipknot1.com}}
| huidige_lede =
| gewese_lede =
}}
'''Slipknot''' is 'n [[Amerikaanse]] [[heavy metal]] musiekgroep van [[Des Moines, Iowa]], dit het in 1995 tot stand gekom. Die groep van nege lede van 1999 tot Gray se dood in 2010 was Sid Wilson, Joey Jordinson, Paul Gray, Chris Fehn, Jim Root, Craig Jones, Shawn Crahan, Mick Thompson en Corey Taylor. Hulle is bekend vir elke lid wat 'n unieke masker dra.
== Diskografie ==
=== Ateljeealbums ===
* ''Slipknot'' (1999)
* ''Iowa'' (2001)
* ''Vol. 3: (The Subliminal Verses)'' (2004)
* ''All Hope Is Gone'' (2008)
* ''.5: The Gray Chapter'' (2014)
* ''We Are Not Your Kind'' (2019)
* ''The End, So Far'' (2022)
{{Saadjie}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Amerikaanse musiekgroepe]]
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Banksy
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2928795
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2026-08-22T09:14:46Z
InternetArchiveBot
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Red 1 verwysing(s) en merk 0 as dood.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
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{{Inligtingskas Persoon
| naam = Banksy
| bynaam =
| beeld = Banksy signature-removebg-preview.png
| beeldbeskrywing =
| onderskrif = 'n Weergawe van Banksy se ''Bomomhelser'' het in 2007 vir £31 200 verkoop
| geboortenaam =
| geboortedatum =
| geboorteplek = [[Bristol]], England<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |title=Banksy Unveils Valentine's Day Mural in His Hometown of Bristol |date=14 Februarie 2020 |url=https://observer.com/2020/02/banksy-valentines-day-art-mural-bristol-barton-hill/ |publisher=Observer}}</ref>
| dood_datum =
| sterfteplek =
| ouers =
| titel =
| nasionaliteit =
| beroep =
| ander =
| bekend = Straatkuns
| salaris =
| termyn =
| voorganger =
| opvolger =
| eerbewyse =
| party =
| godsdiens =
| huweliksmaat =
| kinders =
| webblad = [https://banksy.co.uk/ ''banksy.co.uk'']<br />[https://pestcontroloffice.com/ ''pestcontroloffice.com'']
| handtekening =
}}
'''Banksy''' is 'n wêreldbekende dog anonieme, Britse kunstenaar, wat veral bekend geword het vanweë sy [[graffiti]]. Daar word ook bespiegel dat die Switserse kunstenaar Maître de Casson Banksy kan wees.<ref>{{en}} https://trendkraft.io/kunst-kultur-und-religion/ist-banksy-der-leipziger-maler-maitre-de-casson/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026154857/https://trendkraft.io/kunst-kultur-und-religion/ist-banksy-der-leipziger-maler-maitre-de-casson/ |date=26 Oktober 2020 }}</ref> Maître de Casson ontken dit op sy webwerf.<ref>{{en}} http://www.maitredecasson.com/Banksy.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331011728/https://maitredecasson.com/Banksy.php |date=31 Maart 2022}}</ref> Sy werke is dikwels polities of satiries van aard en kan in verskillende Europese stede gevind word. Sy werke is ook al ontdek in die [[Verenigde State]] en [[Palestina|Palestynse gebiede]].
Alhoewel daar baie gissings oor sy ware naam is (Robert of Robin Banks of Robin Gunningham, volgens verskeie bewerings), weet niemand regtig iets van hom af nie. Wat wel bekend is, is dat hy in die vroeë 1990's lid was van die ''DryBreadZ Crew'', 'n graffitibende in Bristol, Engeland. Sy werk het mettertyd in meer stede begin verskyn en is deur meer en meer mense herken en as kuns erken, tot so 'n mate dat die veilingshuis Christy's (in Londen) in 2007 drie van sy werke verkoop het vir £102 000 (''Bombardering van Middel-Engeland''), £37 200 (''Ballonmeisie'') en £31 200 (''Bomomhelser'').
In Junie 2009 het Banksy Bristol verras met 'n geheime tentoonstelling by die Bristol-museum, wat geheel en al deur hom gefinansier word. Nie eers die stad se raadslede (wat die museum besit) het geweet dat 'n Banksy-tentoonstelling opgestel word nie. Die werke wat uitgestal word is nie slegs graffiti nie, maar sluit ook animatronika en onkonvensionele skilderye in.
Dit is egter nie die eerste keer dat hy aandag as 'n waaghals trek nie. Voor hy sy eie tentoonstellings gehou het, het hy self sy werke by bekende museums ingesluip. Dit Britse Museum''Tate Britain'' in Londen en die New Yorkse [[Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan-museum]], Museum van Moderne Kuns, Brooklyn-museum en die Amerikaanse museum van natuurlike geskiedenis het almal al Banksy-werke gehuisves sonder dat hulle daarvan bewus was.<ref>{{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3201344.stm ''Graffiti star sneaks work into Tate''], deur die BBC. 17 Oktober, 2003.</ref><ref>{{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4382245.stm ''Prankster infiltrates NY museums''], deur die BBC. 25 Maart 2005.</ref><ref>{{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4563751.stm ''Cave art hoax hits British Museum''], deur die BBC. 19 Mei 2005.</ref>
Banksy het ook al groot aandag getrek met 'n waagstuk waarin hy 'n poets op die sangeres en sosiale vlinder [[Paris Hilton]] gebak het. Met die vrystelling van Hilton se debuutalbum (''Paris'') in 2006, het Banksy 500 CD's in musiekwinkels regoor die Verenigde Koninkryk omgeruil met 'n CD wat sy eie hermengings bevat en hulle titels gegee soos ''Why am I Famous?'', ''What Have I Done?'' en ''What Am I For?''.<ref>{{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5310416.stm ''Paris Hilton targeted in CD prank''] deur die BBC. 3 September 2006.</ref> Hy het ook die omslae verruil vir 'n gedokterde foto van Hilton waarin sy bostukloos is en die binneblad vir 'n foto waarin sy 'n hond se kop het.
Na Banksy se werk ''Girl with Balloon'' op [[5 Oktober]] [[2018]] vir 'n rekord bedrag van £ 1 042 000 tydens 'n Sotheby's veiling in [[Londen]] verkoop is, word die werk onverwags versnipper en sodoende word 'n nuwe kunswerk geskep wat later bekend sou staan as ''[[Love is in the Bin]]''.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |title=Latest Banksy Artwork 'Love is in the Bin' Created Live at Auction |url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/latest-banksy-artwork-love-is-in-the-bin-created-live-at-auction |website=Sotheby's Inc. |accessdate=23 Oktober 2018}}</ref>
== Galery ==
<gallery>
Lêer:GentlemanRat.jpg|''Gentleman Rat''
Lêer:The Mild Mild West - geograph.org.uk - 2547305.jpg|The Mild Mild West
</gallery>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
== Bronnelys ==
* {{en}} [http://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2008/04/04/banksy_feature.shtml ''The Bristol graffiti artist with the international reputation''] deur BBC Bristol.
* {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8094839.stm ''Banksy in secret exhibition stunt''] deur die BBC.
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{CommonsKategorie-inlyn}}
* {{en}} [http://www.banksy.co.uk/ Banksy se webwerf]
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Engelse kunstenaars]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1974]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
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Hoërskool Outeniqua
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2927609
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{{Inligtingskas Skool
|naam = Hoërskool Outeniqua
|inheemse naam =
|logo =
|onderskrif =
|leuse = '''Nobilitat labor'''
|gestig = 1923
|gesluit =
|tipe = Staatskool
|hoof = Mnr. Vorster
|adjunkhoof =
|stigter = Ds. J.S. Beyers
|personeel =
|leerlinge = 1600
|grade = 8-12
|adres =
|stad = [[George]]
|provinsie = [[Wes-Kaap]]
|land = [[Suid-Afrika]]
|kleure =
|koshuise = Beyers Tehuis (seuns)<br />Oompie Meyer Koshuis (dogters)
|jaarboek =
|koerant =
|webblad =
}}
'''Hoërskool Outeniqua''' is 'n hoërskool in [[George]], [[Suid-Afrika]]. Dit is die grootste [[Afrikaans]]medium hoërskool tussen [[Kaapstad]] en [[Port Elizabeth]]. Dit het in 2014 1 615 leerlinge in grade 8 tot 12 gehad. Daar was toe sowat 80 personeellede. Die skool is in 1923 gestig.
== Bekende alumni ==
* [[Estian Calitz]]
* [[Chris Heunis]]
* Daniël Lötter (skrywer)
* [[Gert van Tonder]] ([[Groep Twee]])
* [[Duhan van der Merwe]], rugbyspeler
* [[Dewald Human]], rugbyspeler
* [[Manie Libbok]], rugbyspeler
* [[Marius Fourie]], rugbyspeler
* [[Warrick Gelant]], rugbyspeler
* [[Tertius Kruger]], rugbyspeler
* [[Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters]], voormalige mejuffrou Heelal
* [[Miré Reinstorf]], paalspringer
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
== Bronne ==
* [http://www.outeniqua.co.za/ www.outeniqua.co.za], besoek op 30 Mei 2010.
{{Saadjie|skool}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Outeniqua, Hoerskool}}
[[Kategorie:Skole in die Wes-Kaap]]
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AFM
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/* Bekende alumni */
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{{Inligtingskas Skool
|naam = Hoërskool Outeniqua
|inheemse naam =
|logo =
|onderskrif =
|leuse = '''Nobilitat labor'''
|gestig = 1923
|gesluit =
|tipe = Staatskool
|hoof = Mnr. Vorster
|adjunkhoof =
|stigter = Ds. J.S. Beyers
|personeel =
|leerlinge = 1600
|grade = 8-12
|adres =
|stad = [[George]]
|provinsie = [[Wes-Kaap]]
|land = [[Suid-Afrika]]
|kleure =
|koshuise = Beyers Tehuis (seuns)<br />Oompie Meyer Koshuis (dogters)
|jaarboek =
|koerant =
|webblad =
}}
'''Hoërskool Outeniqua''' is 'n hoërskool in [[George]], [[Suid-Afrika]]. Dit is die grootste [[Afrikaans]]medium hoërskool tussen [[Kaapstad]] en [[Port Elizabeth]]. Dit het in 2014 1 615 leerlinge in grade 8 tot 12 gehad. Daar was toe sowat 80 personeellede. Die skool is in 1923 gestig.
== Bekende alumni ==
* [[Estian Calitz]]
* [[Chris Heunis]]
* [[Daniël Lötter]]
* [[Gert van Tonder]] ([[Groep Twee]])
* [[Duhan van der Merwe]], rugbyspeler
* [[Dewald Human]], rugbyspeler
* [[Manie Libbok]], rugbyspeler
* [[Marius Fourie]], rugbyspeler
* [[Warrick Gelant]], rugbyspeler
* [[Tertius Kruger]], rugbyspeler
* [[Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters]], voormalige mejuffrou Heelal
* [[Miré Reinstorf]], paalspringer
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
== Bronne ==
* [http://www.outeniqua.co.za/ www.outeniqua.co.za], besoek op 30 Mei 2010.
{{Saadjie|skool}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Outeniqua, Hoerskool}}
[[Kategorie:Skole in die Wes-Kaap]]
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Victoriameer
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2928717
2927478
2026-08-21T18:02:31Z
Amanich7
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{{Inligtingskas Waterliggaam
| Naam = Victoriameer
| Beeld = Victoriasee.jpg
| Beeld_byskrif = [[Nasa]]-Satellietbeeld van die Victoriameer
| Kaart = Kaart Victoriameer.png
| Kaart_byskrif = Kaart van die Victoriameer
| Koördinate = {{Koördinate|1|S|33|O|type:waterbody_scale:5000000|aansig=inlyn,titel}}
| Ligging = [[Tanzanië]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenia]]
| Soort = Binnemeer
| Oppervlakte = 68 800 km² (26 600 myl²)
| Gem_diepte = 40 meter (130 voet)
| Maks_diepte = 83 meter (272 voet)
| Volume = 2 750 km³ (660 myl³)
| Oppervlakhoogte = 1 133 meter (3 717 voet)
| Lengte = 337 km (209 myl)
| Breedte = 250 km (160 myl)
| Opvangsgebied = 184 000 km² (71 000 myl²)
| Omtrek = 3 440 km (2 140 myl)
| Invloei = [[Kagerarivier]]
| Uitvloei = [[Wit Nyl]]
| Eiland = 84
| Nedersettings = Bukoba, Tanzanië<br />Mwanza, Tanzanië<br />Musoma, Tanzanië<br />Kisumu, Kenia<br />Kendu Bay, Kenia<br />Homa Bay, Kenia<br />[[Kampala]], Uganda<br />[[Entebbe]], Uganda<br />[[Jinja]], Uganda
| Gevries =
| Rangorde_volume =
}}
Die '''Victoriameer''' ([[Engels]]: ''Lake Victoria''; [[Swahili]]: ''Viktoria Nyanza''; [[Luo]]: ''Nam Lolwe''; [[Luganda]]: ''Nnalubaale''; ''Nyanza'' in ander [[Bantoetale]]<ref name="WDL1">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557 |title=The Victoria Nyanza. The Land, the Races and their Customs, with Specimens of Some of the Dialects |year=1899 |publisher=World Digital Library |accessdate=18 Februarie 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824034057/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557/ |archive-date=24 Augustus 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>) is een van die [[Groot Mere van Afrika]] en die grootste meer in [[Afrika]]. Dit lê net suid van die [[ewenaar]].
[[Lêer:African Great Lakes.svg|duimnael|links|Kaart van die [[Groot Mere van Afrika]]:<br />[[Albertmeer]] (''Lake Albert'')<br />[[Edwardmeer]] (''Lake Edward'')<br />[[Kivumeer]] (''Lake Kivu'')<br />[[Kyogameer]] (''Lake Kyoga'')<br />[[Malawimeer]] (''Lake Malawi'')<br />[[Mwerumeer]] (''Lake Mweru'')<br />[[Rukwameer]] (''Lake Rukwa'')<br />[[Tanganjikameer]] (''Lake Tanganyika'')<br />[[Turkanameer]] (''Lake Turkana'')<br />Victoriameer (''Lake Victoria'')]]
[[Lêer:Africa Lake Victoria 10 006.jpg|duimnael|links|Uitsig oor die meer vanaf ''Speke Resort'' in Munyonyo, Kampala, Uganda]]
[[Lêer:Victoria Nyanza.jpg|duimnael|links|Die swart streep dui Stanley se roete aan]]
Die meer is deur die ontdekkingsreisiger John Hanning Speke in sy verslae Victoriameer herbenoem, na [[Victoria van die Verenigde Koninkryk|koningin Victoria]]. Hy was die eerste [[Verenigde Koninkryk|Brit]] om dit te dokumenteer. (Daar is sedertdien erken dat die inheemse gidse die naam Nyanza-meer gebruik het om dit aan hom te beskryf.) Speke het dit in 1858 gedoen terwyl hy saam met [[Richard Francis Burton]] op 'n ekspedisie was om die bron van die [[Nylrivier]] op te spoor. Hierdie ekspedisie is finansieel deur die Royal Geographic Society geborg.
Met 'n oppervlakte van ongeveer 59 947 vierkante kilometer<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector polygon, ~2015}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Lake Victoria Statistics from this Dataverse}}</ref> is Victoriameer Afrika se grootste meer volgens oppervlakte, die wêreld se grootste [[Trope|tropiese]] meer,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/ |title=Lake Victoria |last=Saundry |first=Peter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425002846/http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/ |archive-date=25 April 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |accessdate= 3 Julie 2014 }}</ref> en die wêreld se tweede grootste [[Vars water|varswatermeer]] volgens oppervlakte ná [[Bowemeer]] in [[Noord-Amerika]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |title=Lake Victoria |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |accessdate=27 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408101912/https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |archive-date=8 April 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Volgens volume is Victoriameer die negende grootste kontinentale meer ter wêreld, met ongeveer 2 424 kubieke kilometer se water.<ref name="auto4">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2017, V7}}</ref>
Victoriameer het 'n maksimum diepte van tussen 80 en 84 meter en 'n gemiddelde diepte van 40 meter. Sy opvangsgebied strek oor 169 858 vierkante kilometer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Stuart|title=Basin, Lake Victoria Watershed (inside), vector polygon, ~2015}}</ref> Die meer se oewer beslaan 7 142 kilometer, gedigitiseer teen die 1:25 000-vlak,<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector line – 2015 – LakeVicFish Dataverse|author=Hamilton}}</ref> met eilande wat 3,7% van hierdie lengte beslaan. Die meer se area strek oor drie lande: [[Kenia]] (6% of 4 100 vierkante kilometer, [[Uganda]] (45% of 31 000 vierkante kilometer en [[Tanzanië]] (49% of 33 700 vierkante kilometer).
== Geologie ==
[[Lêer:Topography of Lake Victoria.png|duimnael|links|Topografiese kaart van Victoriameer]]
Geologies gesien is Victoriameer ongeveer 400 000 jaar oud. Dit het gevorm toe riviere wat weswaarts vloei deur 'n steil korsblok opgedam is. Gedurende sy geologiese geskiedenis het Victoriameer veranderinge ondergaan. Geologiese bewysstukke vanaf die meer se bodem toon dat Victoriameer minstens drie keer sedert sy vorming heeltemal opgedroog het. Hierdie droogtesiklusse hou waarskynlik verband met [[Kwartêre Ystydperk|ystydperke]] in die [[Kwartêre Ystydperk|verlede]]. Die Victoriameer het ongeveer 17 300 jaar gelede laas opgedroog, en het 14 700 jaar gelede weer opgevul,<ref name="Verheyen2003">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Verheyen|year=2003|title=Origin of the Superflock of Cichlid Fishes from Lake Victoria, East Africa|pages=325–329}}</ref> toe die begin van die vogtige tydperk in Afrika aangebreek het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|author=deMenocal|title=Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period|pages=347–361}}</ref>
== Hidrologie en limnologie (meerkunde) ==
[[Lêer:Rift en.svg|duimnael|links|Victoriameer en die [[Groot Skeurvallei]]]]
Victoriameer ontvang 80% van sy water uit direkte reënval. Gemiddelde verdamping op die meer is tussen 2 en 2,2 meter per jaar, amper die dubbele neerslag van oewergebiede. Victoriameer ontvang sy water bykomend van riviere en duisende klein [[Stroom|strome]]. Die [[Kagerarivier]] is die grootste rivier wat in hierdie meer vloei, met sy [[Rivierdelta|mond]] aan die westelike oewer van die meer. In die Keniaanse sektor is die belangrikste riviere die Sio, Nzoia, Yala, Nyando, Sondu Miriu, Mogusi en Migori.
Die enigste uitvloei vanuit die Victoriameer is die Nylrivier, wat naby Jinja in Uganda uitvloei. Dit maak die Victoriameer die belangrikste bron van die langste tak van die Nylrivier. Die boonste gedeelte van die Nyl staan algemeen bekend as die Victoria-Nyl totdat dit die [[Albertmeer]] bereik. Hoewel dit deel vorm van dieselfde rivierstelsel wat as die [[Wit-Nyl]] bekend staan, geld hierdie naam streng gesproke eers nadat die rivier die Uganda-grens na Suid-Soedan in die noorde oorgesteek het.
Die meer vertoon [[Eutrofikasie|eutrofiese toestande]]. In 1990–1991 was suurstofkonsentrasie in die gemengde laag hoër as in 1960–1961, met byna aanhoudende suurstofoverversadiging in oppervlakwater. Suurstofkonsentrasie in hipolimnetiese water (dit wil sê die laag water wat onder die termokline lê, sirkuleer nie en bly altyd koud) was gedurende 1990–1991 vir 'n langer tydperk laer as in 1960–1961, met waardes van minder as 1 mg per liter wat in water so vlak as 40 meter voorkom, vergeleke met 'n vlakste voorkoms van meer as 50 meter in 1961. Die veranderinge in oksigenering word beskou as in ooreenstemming met metings van hoër alge-biomassa en produktiwiteit. Hierdie veranderinge het om verskeie redes ontstaan, soos opeenvolgende brande wat in die kom ontstaan het, roet en as neerslag wat oor die breë gebied van die meer versprei het; verhoogde nutriënt-invloei vanaf riviere, en verhoogde besoedeling as gevolg van nedersetting langs die oewers.
== Badmetrie ==
[[Lêer:Lake Vic Bathy.jpg|duimnael|Victoriameer se badmetriese model<ref name=":0">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2016 – LakeVicFish Dataverse|doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr|date=17 Mei 2018}}</ref>]]
Die meer word beskou as 'n vlak meer, die groot geografiese gebied wat dit beslaan in ag genome, met 'n maksimum diepte van ongeveer 80 meter en 'n gemiddelde diepte van 40 meter.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~sehamilton/LV_Bathy/ |title=LV_Bathy |website=faculty.salisbury.edu |accessdate=24 Oktober 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601062624/http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~sehamilton/LV_Bathy/ |archive-date=1 Junie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> 'n Projek van 2016 het tienduisend punte gedigitaliseer en die eerste ware badmetriese kaart van die meer geskep. Die diepste deel van die meer word ten ooste in die meer naby Kenia gevind, terwyl die meer in die algemeen vlak is in die weste langs die Ugandese kuslyn en in die suide langs die Tanzaniese kuslyn.
== Inheemse natuurlewe ==
=== Soogdiere ===
Baie [[soogdier]]spesies leef in die omgewing van die Victoriameer, en sommige daarvan hou nou verband met die meer en die vleilande. Hieronder tel die [[seekoei]], [[groototter]], gevlekte otter, [[Watermuishond|moeras-muishond]], rietrot, [[Waterkoedoe|sitatunga]] en [[Waterbok|defassa-waterbokkie]].
=== Reptiele ===
Die Victoriameer en sy vleilande het 'n groot bevolking van [[Nylkrokodil]]le, sowel as [[Moeraswaterskilpad|Afrika-helmskilpaaie]], veranderlike modderskilpaaie en Williams se modderskilpad.<ref name="Spawls2002">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Spawls, Howell, Drewes, en Ashe|year=2002|title=A Field Guide to the Reptiles of East Africa|publisher=Academic Press|location=London|isbn=0-12-656470-1}}</ref> Hierdie skilpad is beperk tot die Victoriameer en ander mere, riviere en moerasse in die boonste Nylkom.
=== Cichlidae-vis ===
[[Lêer:Pundamilia (Haplochromis) nyererei male.jpg|duimnael|In teenstelling met baie ander cichlidae-vissoorte in die Victoriameer, kom ''Haplochromis nyererei'' algemeen voor. Sy oë is veral sensitief vir lig, veral rooi, wat minder beïnvloed word deur die afname in die helderheid van die water as gevolg van [[Eutrofikasie|eutrofiering]] as [[kleur]]e met 'n kort golflengte<ref name="Witte2000">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Recovery of cichlid species in Lake Victoria: an examination of factors leading to differential extinction|doi=10.1023/a:1016677515930}}</ref>]]
[[Lêer:Haplochromis thereuterion.jpg|duimnael| ''Haplochromis thereuterion'' oorleef in klein getalle. Aanvanklik het hulle uitgesterf, maar toe dit herontdek is, het dit van habitat verander (van naby die wateroppervlak na rotsagtige areas) en voedingsgedrag (van oppervlakinsekte na inseklarwes)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author=Steeves, G |url=http://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/hap_thereuterion_pt1.php |title='Haplochromis' thereuterion" |publisher=Cichlid-Forum |accessdate=28 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029152201/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/hap_thereuterion_pt1.php |archive-date=29 Oktober 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>]]
Die Victoriameer was voorheen baie ryk aan vis, insluitend vele endemiese soorte, maar 'n groot persentasie daarvan het gedurende die afgelope 50 jaar uitgesterf.<ref name="Witte1992">{{en}} {{cite journal|year=1992|title=Species extinction and concomitant ecological changes in Lake Victoria|url=|journal=Netherlands Journal of Zoology|volume=42|issue=2–3|pages=214–32|doi=10.1163/156854291X00298}}</ref> Die hoofgroep in die Victoriameer is die haplochromine-cichlidae-visse (''Haplochromis sensu lato'' ) met meer as 500 spesies, byna almal endemies,<ref name="Verheyen2003" /><ref name="Meier2017">{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2017|title=Ancient hybridization fuels rapid cichlid fish adaptive radiations|url=|journal=Nature Communications|volume=8|issue=|doi=10.1038/ncomms14363}}</ref><ref name="DeWeerdt2004">{{en}} {{cite web |author=DeWeerdt, S. |date=28 Februarie 2004 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18124365-300-dark-secret-of-the-lake/ |title=Dark secret of the lake |publisher=New Scientist |accessdate=26 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922211635/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18124365-300-dark-secret-of-the-lake/ |archive-date=22 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> met 'n geskatte 300 wat nog nie beskryf is nie.<ref name="Sayer2018">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Sayer, C.A., L. Máiz-Tomé en W.R.T. Darwall|year=2018|title=Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin: Guidance for species conservation, site protection, climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods|location=Cambridge, VK en Gland, Switserland|publisher=IUCN|doi=10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.RA.2.en}}</ref> Dit is baie meer visspesies as enige ander meer ter wêreld, behalwe vir die [[Malawimeer]].<ref name="Turner2001">{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2001|title=How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-ecology_2001-03_10_3/page/793|journal=Molecular Ecology|volume=10|issue=|pages=793–806|doi=10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x}}</ref> Dit is die resultaat van 'n snelaanpasbare bestraling in die afgelope ongeveer 15 000 jaar.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2008|title=The late Pleistocene desiccation of Lake Victoria and the origin of its endemic biota|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=596|issue=1|pages=5–16|doi=10.1007/s10750-007-9158-2}}</ref> Hul buitengewone verskeidenheid en spoed van [[evolusie]] was al die onderwerp van talle wetenskaplike studies van die kragte wat die rykdom van lewe oral dryf.<ref name="Lowe2009">{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2009|title=Fisheries and cichlid evolution in the African Great Lakes: progress and problems|url=|journal=Freshwater Reviews|volume=2|issue=|pages=131–51|doi=10.1608/frj-2.2.2}}</ref> Die Victoria-haplochromines vorm deel van 'n ouer groep van meer as 700 verwante spesies, insluitend dié van verskeie kleiner mere in die streek, veral [[Kyogameer|Kyoga]], [[Edwardmeer|Edward]], George, Albert en [[Kivumeer|Kivu]].
Die Victoria-haplochromines is duidelik [[Geslagsdimorfie|geslagsdimorf]] (mannetjies relatief helderkleurig; wyfies vaal).<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Rijssel|title=Prevalence of disruptive selection predicts extent of species differentiation in Lake Victoria cichlids|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=285|issue=1871|doi=10.1098/rspb.2017.2630}}</ref> Hul ekologie is buitengewoon uiteenlopend en vorm ten minste 16 groepe, waaronder detritivore, zooplanktivores, insekvreters, garnaalvreters, en weekdiere.<ref name="Lowe2009" /> As gevolg van predasie deur die Nyl-baars, [[eutrofikasie]] en ander veranderinge in die ekosistelsel, word beraam dat minstens 200 spesies (ongeveer 40%) van die Victoriameer-haplochromines uitgesterf het,<ref name="DeWeerdt2004" /><ref name="Rijssel2013">{{en}} {{cite journal|last=van Rijssel|year=2013|title=Adaptive responses in resurgent Lake Victoria cichlids over the past 30 years|journal=Evol. Ecol.|volume=27|issue=|pages=253–67|doi=10.1007/s10682-012-9596-9}}</ref> insluitend meer as 100 onbeskryfde spesies.<ref name="Sayer2018" /> Aanvanklik is gevrees dat hierdie getal selfs hoër was, na sommige ramings selfs 65% van die totale spesie,<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Goldschmidt|year=1993|title=Cascading Effects of the Introduced Nile Perch on the Detritivorous/Phytoplanktivorous Species in the Sublittoral Areas of Lake Victoria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_conservation-biology_1993-09_7_3/page/686|journal=Conservation Biology|volume=7|issue=3|pages=686–700|doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07030686.x}}</ref> maar verskeie spesies wat moontlik uitgesterf het, is herontdek nadat die Nyl-baars se getalle in die negentigerjare begin afneem het.<ref name="IUCNef">{{en}} {{cite web |publisher=IUCN Red Lists |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/freshwater/eastafrica/geographicpatternsea |title=Geographic Patterns. Eastern Africa |accessdate=25 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002175558/http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/freshwater/eastafrica/geographicpatternsea |archive-date= 2 Oktober 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Verskeie van die oorblywende spesies word ernstig bedreig en addisionele uitwissings is moontlik.<ref name="Fiedler1998">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Fiedler, P.L. en P M. Kareiva|year=1998|title=Conservation Biology: For the Coming Decade|edition=2de|pages=209–10|isbn=978-0-412-09661-7}}</ref> Sommige spesies het in nabygeleë klein satelliet-mere, skuiling onder rotse of rante oorleef (wat hulle teen die Nyl-baars beskerm het),<ref name="Chapman1996">{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Chapman|year=1996|title=Wetland ecotones as refugia for endangered fishes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-conservation_1996-12_78_3/page/263|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=78|issue=|pages=263–70|doi=10.1016/s0006-3207(96)00030-4}}</ref> of het by die mensgemaakte veranderinge in die meer self aangepas. Sulke aanpassings sluit in 'n groter [[kieu]]e (aanpassing vir suurstofarm water), veranderinge aan die voedingsapparaat, veranderinge aan die oë (wat hulle beter sig in troebel water gee)<ref name="Witte2000" /> en kleiner kop, wat vinniger swem moontlik gemaak het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Zeeuw|year=2013|title=Two new species of zooplanktivorous haplochromine cichlids from Lake Victoria, Tanzania|journal=ZooKeys|volume=256|issue=|pages=1–34|doi=10.3897/zookeys.256.3871}}</ref> Die visetende visse, weekdiere en inseketende visse haplochromines het is veral hard getref met talle spesies wat uitgesterf het. Ander het in hul suiwer vorm uitgesterf, maar oorleef as [[Hibried|basters]]. Sommige van die bedreigde cichlidae-spesies in die Victoriameer het 'versekering'-bevolkings in dieretuine, openbare akwariums en by privaat versamelaars, en 'n paar spesies is [[Uitgestorwe in die natuur|in die natuur uitgesterf]] maar oorleef nog in gevangenskap.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|author=Yirka, B.|date=27 November 2015|url=https://phys.org/news/2015-11-evolution-diversification.html|title=Study shows evolution does not always mean more diversification|publisher=Phys.org|accessdate=28 Maart 2017}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite book|author=Lévêque, C.|year=1997|title=Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa|pages=358|isbn=978-0-521-57033-6}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author=Steeves, G |url=http://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/new_hobby_haps_pt1.php |title=New to the hobby Haplochromines |publisher=Cichlid-Forum |accessdate=28 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922024518/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/new_hobby_haps_pt1.php |archive-date=22 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author=Rizza, D. |url=http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/volume_6/volume_6_3/vic_chichlids.html |title=Looking At Victoria Cichlids |publisher=Conscientious Aquarist Magazine |accessdate=28 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601062543/http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/volume_6/volume_6_3/vic_chichlids.html |archive-date=1 Junie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|author=McAndrews, R. en D.I. Warmolts|date=25 Mei 2015|url=http://www.bostonaquariumsociety.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=89:progress-in-breeding-freshwater-fish-by-douglas-i-warmolts-columbus-zoological-gardens-and-russ&catid=42:general&Itemid=74|title=Progress in breeding freshwater fish|publisher=Boston Aquarium Society|accessdate=14 April 2017}}</ref>
Die uitwissing van cichlidae-visse in die genus ''Haplochromis'' is ook te wyte aan die eutrofikasie van die meer. Die vrugbaarheid van tropiese waters hang af van die tempo waarteen voedingstowwe in die oplossing gebring kan word. Die invloedryke riviere van die Victoriameer lewer min voedingstowwe in verhouding tot sy grootte. As gevolg hiervan word die meeste van die Victoriameer se voedingsstowwe vermoedelik opgesluit in die neerslag op die bodem.<ref name="Beauchamp54">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=R.S.A. Beauchamp|title=Fishery research in the lakes of East Africa}}</ref> Vegetatiewe stof vergaan stadig. Diere verval egter aansienlik vinniger, dus is die vrugbaarheid van die meer afhanklik van die tempo waarteen hierdie voedingstowwe deur visse en ander organismes opgeneem kan word. Daar is min twyfel dat ''Haplochromis'' 'n belangrike rol gespeel het om [[detritus]] en [[plankton]] weer in die oplossing te kry.<ref name="Lucy Richardson">{{en}} {{cite web|author=Lucy Richardson|title=The lessons of Lake Victoria Uganda|url=http://www.gulgasht.com/africa/lucy-richardson-story-from-lake-victoria-uganda.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926071844/http://www.gulgasht.com/africa/lucy-richardson-story-from-lake-victoria-uganda.html|archivedate=26 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="KaufmanOchumba93">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Les Kaufman|title=Evolutionary and conservation biology of cichlid fishes as revealed by faunal remnants in northern Lake Victoria}}</ref><ref name="Goldschmidt93">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Tijs Goldschmidt|title=Cascading effects of the introduced Nile perch on the detrivorous/phytoplantivorous species in sublittoral areas of Lake Victoria}}</ref> Met ongeveer 80% van die ''Haplochromis''-spesies wat aan detritus voed, en ewe in staat is om van mekaar af te voed, het hulle 'n hegte, interne herwinningstelsel gevorm, wat voedingstowwe en biomassa vertikaal en horisontaal deur die waterkolom stuur, via predasie deur mense en landdiere. Die verwydering van ''Haplochromis'' kon egter daartoe bygedra het dat die [[algebloeisels]] toegeneem het,<ref name="OchumbaKibaara">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Peter B. O. Ochumba|title=Observations on blue-green algal blooms in the open waters of Lake Victoria, Kenya}}</ref> wat op sy beurt verantwoordelik kan wees vir massa vissterftes.
=== Skaaldiere ===
Vier spesies varswaterkrappe kom in die Victoriameer voor: ''Potamonautes niloticus'' kom wydverspreid voor en ''P. emini'' is aangeteken in die omgewing van Bukoba in Tanzanië, maar albei word ook elders in Afrika aangetref.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|author=Cumberlidge, N.|year=2009|title=Freshwater Crabs and Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Nile Basin|chapter=27|pages=547–61|publisher=Dumony, H.J.|work=The Nile. Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use. Monographiae Biologicae, Vol. 89.|location=Springer, New York.|isbn=978-1-4020-9726-3}}</ref> Laasgenoemde is in 2017 die eerste keer wetenskaplik beskryf en daar is baie min oor hulle bekend: ''P. entebbe'' is slegs naby [[Entebbe]] waargeneem (die enigste bekende [[Monster (wetenskap)|monster]] is in 1955 versamel en dit is onbekend of dit in of naby die meer was) en ''P. busungwe'' slegs op Busungwe-eiland in die noordwestelike deel van die meer. Laasgenoemde is waarskynlik die kleinste varswaterkrap in Afrika met 'n breedte van ongeveer 1,6 cm, hoewel ''P. kantsyore'' van die [[Kagerarivier]], en ''Platythelphusa maculata'' en ''P. polita'' van die Tanganyikameer amper net so klein is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2017|title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)|url=|journal=European Journal of Taxonomy|volume=371|issue=|pages=1–19|doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371}}</ref>
Die enigste garnaal is ''Caridina nilotica'',<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2006|title=The shrimp Caridina nilotica in Lake Victoria (East Africa), before and after the Nile perch increase|url=|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=563|issue=1|pages=31–44|doi=10.1007/s10750-005-1385-9}}</ref> wat algemeen en wydverspreid in die Victoriameer voorkom.<ref name="Lowe2009" />
=== Weekdiere ===
Die Victoriameer is die tuiste van 28 spesies varswaterslakke (bv. ''Bellamya'', ''Biomphalaria'', ''Bulinus'', ''Cleopatra'', ''Gabbiella'' en ''Melanoides''), insluitend twaalf endemiese spesies of subspesies.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|author=Brown, D.|year=1994|title=Freshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance|edition=2de|isbn=0-7484-0026-5}}</ref> Daar is 17 spesies van [[tweekleppige]]s ( ''Corbicula'', ''Coelatura'', ''Sphaerium'' en ''Byssanodonta''), insluitend ses endemiese spesies of subspesies.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Mwambungu|title=The diversity of benthic molluscs of Lake Victoria and Lake Burigi|url=}}</ref> Dit is waarskynlik dat daar nog slakspesies is wat nog nie beskryf is nie. Twee van die slak-genera, ''Biomphalaria'' en ''Bulinus'', is [[Gasheer|intermediêre gashere]] van die parasiet [[bilharzia]] (schistosomiasis). Menslike infeksies deur hierdie parasiet kom gereeld by die Victoriameer voor. Dit kan toeneem as gevolg van die verspreiding van die indringerwaterhiasint ('n optimale slakhabitat),<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://faculty.fgcu.edu/twimberley/EnviroPhilo/LakeVictoriaCrisis.pdf |title=Lake Victoria: A Sick Giant |last=Chege, N. |date=1995 |publisher=People & the Planet |accessdate=16 Mei 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517153755/http://faculty.fgcu.edu/twimberley/EnviroPhilo/LakeVictoriaCrisis.pdf |archive-date=17 Mei 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> en die verlies van baie slaketende cichlidae in die meer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.ecologycenter.us/natural-history-2/haplochromine-cichlids-of-lake-victoria.html |title=Haplochromine Cichlids of Lake Victoria |last=Pomerantz, J. |date=19 September 2015 |publisher=ecologycenter.us |accessdate=16 Mei 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804140824/https://www.ecologycenter.us/natural-history-2/haplochromine-cichlids-of-lake-victoria.html |archive-date=4 Augustus 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
== Visserye ==
[[Lêer:Ugandan fishing boats.jpg|duimnael|Vissers en hul bote aan die oewer van die Victoriameer]]
Die Victoriameer is die bron van Afrika se grootste binnelandse [[vissery]] (vanaf 1997). Aanvanklik het die vissery slegs op inheemse spesies gefokus, veral tilapia en haplochromine-cichlidae, maar ook katvis (''Bagrus'', ''Clarias'', ''Synodontis'' en silwerbottervis), olifantvis, ningu (''Labeo victorianus'') en gemarmerde longvis (''Protopterus aethiopicus'').<ref name="LVFO2016">{{en}} Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (2016). {{cite web |url=http://www.lvfo.org/index.php/lvfo/lvfo-secretariat/5-lake-victoria-fisheries-an-introduction |title=Lake Victoria Fisheries: An introduction |accessdate=27 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115001451/http://www.lvfo.org/index.php/lvfo/lvfo-secretariat/5-lake-victoria-fisheries-an-introduction |archive-date=15 Januarie 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Njiru2005">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Exotic introductions to the fishery of Lake Victoria: What are the management options?|url=}}</ref> Sommige hiervan, waaronder tilapia en ningu (''Labeo victorianus'' ), het reeds in die eerste helfte van die 20ste eeu afgeneem weens [[oorbevissing]].<ref name="Lowe2009" /> In die vyftigerjare is verskeie soorte nie-inheemse tilapia en Nyl-baars by die meer gevoeg. Nietemin het die inheemse vissoorte voortgegaan om die vissery te oorheers tot in die 1970's, toe hul afname 'n sterk verskuiwing na die nie-inheemse [[Nylkurper|Nyl-tilapia]] (nou 7% van die vangste), die nie-inheemse Nyl-baars (60%) en die inheemse Victoriameer sardien (30%) teweeg gebring het. Vanweë sy klein grootte het die oopwater-sardien slegs klein visserye ondersteun, totdat die ander inheemse visse afgeneem het. Op die hoogtepunt in die vroeë negentigerjare is 500 000 ton Nyl-baars jaarliks in die Victoria-meer gevang, maar dit het in die latere jare aansienlik afgeneem.
== Omgewingskwessies ==
'n Aantal omgewingsvraagstukke hou verband met die verdwyning van baie endemiese visspesies in die Victoriameer word die "mees dramatiese voorbeeld van uitsterwing deur mense veroorsaak in 'n ekostelsel" genoem.<ref name="Fiedler1998" /> Indringervisse, [[waterhiasint]]e en besoedeling tel onder die belangrikste kwessies wat die Victoriameer se natuurlike ekostelsel benadeel.
== Geskiedenis en verkenning ==
[[Lêer:Lates niloticus 2.jpg|duimnael|links|Die Nylbaars is in die Victoriameer vrygelaat vir visvangdoeleindes en kan tot twee meter lank en 200 kilogram swaar word]]
[[Lêer:NdereIsland3.jpg|duimnael|'n Hiasint-versmoorde oewer by Ndere-eiland aan Kenia se kant van die Victoriameer]]
[[Lêer:Density evolution Victoria.png|duimnael|Bevolkingsdigtheid rondom Victoriameer]]
[[Lêer:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-3-183.jpg|duimnael|Bismarckrots]]
Die eerste aangetekende inligting oor die Victoriameer kom van [[Arabiere|Arabiese]] handelaars wat die binnelandse roetes verken het op soek na [[goud]], [[ivoor]], ander kosbare goedere en [[Slawerny|slawe]].
Die meer het bestaan en was bekend vir baie Afrikane in die opvanggebied lank voordat dit in 1858 deur 'n Europeër waargeneem is, toe die [[Verenigde Koninkryk|Britse]] ontdekkingsreisiger John Hanning Speke sy suidelike oewer bereik het terwyl hy met Richard Francis Burton op reis was om Sentraal-Afrika te verken en die Groot Mere op te spoor. Speke het geglo dat hy die oorsprong van die Nyl gevind het toe hy die 'uitgestrekte oop water' vir die eerste keer gesien het, en het die meer na koningin Victoria vernoem. Burton, wat destyds herstel het van siekte en verder suid op die oewer van die [[Tanganjikameer]] gerus het, was woedend oor Speke se bewering dat hy kon bewys dat sy ontdekking die ware bron van die Nylrivier was, omdat Burton dit as steeds onbevestig beskou het. 'n Baie openbare rusie het ontstaan, wat nie net 'n groot debat in die wetenskaplike gemeenskap van die dag ontlok het nie, maar ook baie belangstelling gekweek het onder ander ontdekkingsreisigers wat Speke se ontdekking wou bevestig of weerlê.
In die laat 1860's het die beroemde Britse [[Ontdekkingsreise|ontdekkingsreisiger]] en [[sendeling]] [[David Livingstone]] misluk in sy poging om die ontdekking van Speke te verifieer. Hy het te ver wes gereis en in plaas daarvan die [[Kongorivier]]stelsel bereik.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.jambokenya.com/jambo/location/victoria.htm |title=Kenya, Africa – Lake Victoria in Kenya |publisher=Jambo Kenya Network |accessdate=14 Julie 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111212634/http://www.jambokenya.com/jambo/location/victoria.htm |archive-date=11 November 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Uiteindelik het die [[Wallis|Wallies]]-Amerikaanse ontdekkingsreisiger [[Henry Morton Stanley]] op 'n ekspedisie wat deur ''New York Herald''-befondsing gefinansier is, die waarheid van Speke se ontdekking bevestig. Hy het om die meer geseil en die groot uitvloei by [[Ripon-waterval]] aan die noordelike oewer van die meer bevestig.
== Nalubaale-dam ==
[[Lêer:From top of Nalubaale Power Station.jpg|duimnael|Die Nalubaale-[[Hidroëlektrisiteit|hidroelektriese]] kragstasie in Njeru, Uganda]]
Die enigste uitvloei uit die Victoriameer is by Jinja, Uganda, waar dit die Victoria-Nyl vorm. Sedert minstens 12 000 jaar gelede het die water oor 'n natuurlike rots gestort. In 1952 het ingenieurs wat vir die regering van Brits-Uganda optree, die dam en reservoir vernietig om dit met 'n kunsmatige damwal te vervang, die vlak van die meer te beheer en die geleidelike erosie van die natuurlike dam en te verminder. 'n Standaard vir die nabootsing van die ou uitvloeitempo genaamd die "ooreengekome kurwe" is opgestel, wat die maksimum vloeitempo op 300 tot 1 700 kubieke meter per sekonde stel, afhangende van die meer se watervlak.
In 2002 het Uganda 'n tweede [[Hidroëlektrisiteit|hidroelektriese]] kompleks in die omgewing voltooi, die Kiira-hidroelektriese kragstasie, met finansiële hulp van die [[Wêreldbank]]. Teen 2006 het die watervlakke in die Victoriameer 'n 80-jaar laagtepunt bereik, en Daniel Kull, 'n onafhanklike hidroloog wat in [[Nairobi]], Kenia, woon, het bereken dat Uganda ongeveer twee keer soveel water vrystel as wat ingevolge die ooreenkoms toegelaat word. Dit was hoofsaaklik verantwoordelik vir die onlangse daling in die vlak van die meer.
== Vervoer ==
Sedert die 1900's was Victoria-veerbote 'n belangrike vervoermiddel tussen Uganda, Tanzanië en Kenia. Die belangrikste hawens op die meer is Kisumu, Mwanza, Bukoba, [[Entebbe]], Port Bell en Jinja. Tot 1963 is die vinnigste en nuutste veerboot, MV ''Victoria'', as 'n koninklike posskip gebruik. In 1966 is treinveerbootdienste tussen Kenia en Tanzanië tot stand gebring met die bekendstelling van MV Uhuru en MV Umoja. Die veerboot MV ''Bukoba'' het op 21 Mei 1996 in die meer gesink met 'n verlies van tussen 800 en 1 000 lewens, wat dit een van Afrika se ergste maritieme rampe maak. Nog 'n tragedie het onlangs op 20 September 2018 plaasgevind toe die passasiersboot MV ''Nyerere'' vanaf [[Tanzanië]] vertrek en gesink het, met meer as 200 sterftes.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Tanzania-ferry-tragedy-Mv-Nyerere-lake-victoria/4552908-4770298-j9es0f/index.html |title=Ferry tragedy: More than 200 feared dead in Tanzania |website=The East African |accessdate=18 Februarie 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218164223/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Tanzania-ferry-tragedy-Mv-Nyerere-lake-victoria/4552908-4770298-j9es0f/index.html |archive-date=18 Februarie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
== In populêre kultuur ==
Die Victoria-meer, sy oewers en eilande word uitgebeeld in [[Jules Verne]] se roman vyf weke in'n ballon, waar reisigers die meer van Oos na noordwes oorsteek op soek na die bron van die nyl (hoofstukke 18 en 19).
In Die riller "Vyf Weke In'n Ballon" (1962), Vlieg Professor Ferguson en sy kollegas deur Die Victoria-meer in'n lugballon tydens'n optog van Zanzibar Na Wes-Afrika, na die Volta-rivier.<ref>{{IMDb title |0055988 |Five Weeks in a Balloon}}</ref>
In Ivan Efremov se historiese roman Aan die Rand van die Oecumene het 'n antieke Egiptiese ekspedisie die land Punt (hedendaagse Somalië) per skip bereik, en van daar af het die reisigers na die Zambezi-rivier en die Victoriameer gestap (Deel 1, "Baurdjed se Reis").<ref>''Ефремов И.А.'' «На краю Ойкумены» — М.: Стройиздат, 1982. — 447 с.</ref><ref>''Ерёмина О. А., Смирнов Н. Н.'' Иван Ефремов. — М.: Молодая гвардия, 2013. — 682 с. — (Жизнь замечательных людей; вы8п. 1440). — ISBN 978-5-235-03658-1</ref>
In [[Andrei Goesev]] se roman "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017) gaan die hoofkarakters, Andy en Jennifer, op 'n wittebrood van Mombasa na Kisumu, aan die oewers van die Victoriameer, en hou dan vakansie by 'n losieshuis op die Keniaanse eiland Takawiri in die middel van die Victoriameer.
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|4}}
== Verdere leesstof ==
* {{en}} Matheson, Alastair: Victoria Nyanza – the story of a lake. Lantern. Tydskrif vir Kennis en Kultuur. Jaargang 8, nr. 4, Junie 1959
* {{de}} {{cite book|author=Tijs Goldschmidt|title=Darwins Traumsee. Nachrichten von meiner Forschungsreise nach Afrika|publisher=C.H. Beck|location=München|year=1997|isbn=3-406-42881-9}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{CommonsKategorie|Lake Victoria|Victoriameer}}
* {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria|title=Lake Victoria|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=2 November 2023}}
* {{en}} [http://www.ugpulse.com/articles/daily/homepage.asp?ID=306 Decreasing levels of Lake Victoria Worry East African Countries]
* {{en}} [https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925384.100 New Scientist article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013113221/http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925384.100 |date=13 Oktober 2008 }} on Uganda's violation of the agreed curve for hydroelectric water flow.
* {{en}} [http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1056 Dams Draining Lake Victoria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310044431/http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1056 |date=10 Maart 2012 }}
* {{en}} [https://archive.org/details/naturalistonlake00carp ''A Naturalist on Lake Victoria, with an Account of Sleeping Sickness and the Tse-tse Fly''] (1920). T.F. Unwin Ltd, Londen; Biodiversity Archive
* {{en}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9VJ6cezlnU Video oor die Victoriameer]
* {{en}} Institutions of the East African Community: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120213132137/http://www.lvfo.org/ Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation]
{{Groot Mere van Afrika}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Groot Mere van Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Mere in Uganda]]
[[Kategorie:Mere in Tanzanië]]
[[Kategorie:Mere in Kenia]]
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{{Inligtingskas Waterliggaam
| Naam = Victoriameer
| Beeld = Victoriasee.jpg
| Beeld_byskrif = [[Nasa]]-Satellietbeeld van die Victoriameer
| Kaart = Kaart Victoriameer.png
| Kaart_byskrif = Kaart van die Victoriameer
| Koördinate = {{Koördinate|1|S|33|O|type:waterbody_scale:5000000|aansig=inlyn,titel}}
| Ligging = [[Tanzanië]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenia]]
| Soort = Binnemeer
| Oppervlakte = 68 800 km² (26 600 myl²)
| Gem_diepte = 40 meter (130 voet)
| Maks_diepte = 83 meter (272 voet)
| Volume = 2 750 km³ (660 myl³)
| Oppervlakhoogte = 1 133 meter (3 717 voet)
| Lengte = 337 km (209 myl)
| Breedte = 250 km (160 myl)
| Opvangsgebied = 184 000 km² (71 000 myl²)
| Omtrek = 3 440 km (2 140 myl)
| Invloei = [[Kagerarivier]]
| Uitvloei = [[Wit Nyl]]
| Eiland = 84
| Nedersettings = Bukoba, Tanzanië<br />Mwanza, Tanzanië<br />Musoma, Tanzanië<br />Kisumu, Kenia<br />Kendu Bay, Kenia<br />Homa Bay, Kenia<br />[[Kampala]], Uganda<br />[[Entebbe]], Uganda<br />[[Jinja]], Uganda
| Gevries =
| Rangorde_volume =
}}
Die '''Victoriameer''' ([[Engels]]: ''Lake Victoria''; [[Swahili]]: ''Viktoria Nyanza''; [[Luo]]: ''Nam Lolwe''; [[Luganda]]: ''Nnalubaale''; ''Nyanza'' in ander [[Bantoetale]]<ref name="WDL1">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557 |title=The Victoria Nyanza. The Land, the Races and their Customs, with Specimens of Some of the Dialects |year=1899 |publisher=World Digital Library |accessdate=18 Februarie 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824034057/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557/ |archive-date=24 Augustus 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>) is een van die [[Groot Mere van Afrika]] en die grootste meer in [[Afrika]]. Dit lê net suid van die [[ewenaar]].
[[Lêer:African Great Lakes.svg|duimnael|links|Kaart van die [[Groot Mere van Afrika]]:<br />[[Albertmeer]] (''Lake Albert'')<br />[[Edwardmeer]] (''Lake Edward'')<br />[[Kivumeer]] (''Lake Kivu'')<br />[[Kyogameer]] (''Lake Kyoga'')<br />[[Malawimeer]] (''Lake Malawi'')<br />[[Mwerumeer]] (''Lake Mweru'')<br />[[Rukwameer]] (''Lake Rukwa'')<br />[[Tanganjikameer]] (''Lake Tanganyika'')<br />[[Turkanameer]] (''Lake Turkana'')<br />Victoriameer (''Lake Victoria'')]]
[[Lêer:Africa Lake Victoria 10 006.jpg|duimnael|links|Uitsig oor die meer vanaf ''Speke Resort'' in Munyonyo, Kampala, Uganda]]
[[Lêer:Victoria Nyanza.jpg|duimnael|links|Die swart streep dui Stanley se roete aan]]
Die meer is deur die ontdekkingsreisiger John Hanning Speke in sy verslae Victoriameer herbenoem, na [[Victoria van die Verenigde Koninkryk|koningin Victoria]]. Hy was die eerste [[Verenigde Koninkryk|Brit]] om dit te dokumenteer. (Daar is sedertdien erken dat die inheemse gidse die naam Nyanza-meer gebruik het om dit aan hom te beskryf.) Speke het dit in 1858 gedoen terwyl hy saam met [[Richard Francis Burton]] op 'n ekspedisie was om die bron van die [[Nylrivier]] op te spoor. Hierdie ekspedisie is finansieel deur die Royal Geographic Society geborg.
Met 'n oppervlakte van ongeveer 59 947 vierkante kilometer<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector polygon, ~2015}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Lake Victoria Statistics from this Dataverse}}</ref> is Victoriameer Afrika se grootste meer volgens oppervlakte, die wêreld se grootste [[Trope|tropiese]] meer,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/ |title=Lake Victoria |last=Saundry |first=Peter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425002846/http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/ |archive-date=25 April 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |accessdate= 3 Julie 2014 }}</ref> en die wêreld se tweede grootste [[Vars water|varswatermeer]] volgens oppervlakte ná [[Bowemeer]] in [[Noord-Amerika]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |title=Lake Victoria |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |accessdate=27 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408101912/https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |archive-date=8 April 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Volgens volume is Victoriameer die negende grootste kontinentale meer ter wêreld, met ongeveer 2 424 kubieke kilometer se water.<ref name="auto4">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2017, V7}}</ref>
Victoriameer het 'n maksimum diepte van tussen 80 en 84 meter en 'n gemiddelde diepte van 40 meter. Sy opvangsgebied strek oor 169 858 vierkante kilometer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Stuart|title=Basin, Lake Victoria Watershed (inside), vector polygon, ~2015}}</ref> Die meer se oewer beslaan 7 142 kilometer, gedigitiseer teen die 1:25 000-vlak,<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector line – 2015 – LakeVicFish Dataverse|author=Hamilton}}</ref> met eilande wat 3,7% van hierdie lengte beslaan. Die meer se area strek oor drie lande: [[Kenia]] (6% of 4 100 vierkante kilometer, [[Uganda]] (45% of 31 000 vierkante kilometer en [[Tanzanië]] (49% of 33 700 vierkante kilometer).
== Geologie ==
[[Lêer:Topography of Lake Victoria.png|duimnael|links|Topografiese kaart van Victoriameer]]
Geologies gesien is Victoriameer ongeveer 400 000 jaar oud. Dit het gevorm toe riviere wat weswaarts vloei deur 'n steil korsblok opgedam is. Gedurende sy geologiese geskiedenis het Victoriameer veranderinge ondergaan. Geologiese bewysstukke vanaf die meer se bodem toon dat Victoriameer minstens drie keer sedert sy vorming heeltemal opgedroog het. Hierdie droogtesiklusse hou waarskynlik verband met [[Kwartêre Ystydperk|ystydperke]] in die [[Kwartêre Ystydperk|verlede]]. Die Victoriameer het ongeveer 17 300 jaar gelede laas opgedroog, en het 14 700 jaar gelede weer opgevul,<ref name="Verheyen2003">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Verheyen|year=2003|title=Origin of the Superflock of Cichlid Fishes from Lake Victoria, East Africa|pages=325–329}}</ref> toe die begin van die vogtige tydperk in Afrika aangebreek het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|author=deMenocal|title=Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period|pages=347–361}}</ref>
== Hidrologie en limnologie (meerkunde) ==
[[Lêer:Rift en.svg|duimnael|links|Victoriameer en die [[Groot Skeurvallei]]]]
Victoriameer ontvang 80% van sy water uit direkte reënval. Gemiddelde verdamping op die meer is tussen 2 en 2,2 meter per jaar, amper die dubbele neerslag van oewergebiede. Victoriameer ontvang sy water bykomend van riviere en duisende klein [[Stroom|strome]]. Die [[Kagerarivier]] is die grootste rivier wat in hierdie meer vloei, met sy [[Rivierdelta|mond]] aan die westelike oewer van die meer. In die Keniaanse sektor is die belangrikste riviere die Sio, Nzoia, Yala, Nyando, Sondu Miriu, Mogusi en Migori.
Die enigste uitvloei vanuit die Victoriameer is die Nylrivier, wat naby Jinja in Uganda uitvloei. Dit maak die Victoriameer die belangrikste bron van die langste tak van die Nylrivier. Die boonste gedeelte van die Nyl staan algemeen bekend as die Victoria-Nyl totdat dit die [[Albertmeer]] bereik. Hoewel dit deel vorm van dieselfde rivierstelsel wat as die [[Wit-Nyl]] bekend staan, geld hierdie naam streng gesproke eers nadat die rivier die Uganda-grens na Suid-Soedan in die noorde oorgesteek het.
Die meer vertoon [[Eutrofikasie|eutrofiese toestande]]. In 1990–1991 was suurstofkonsentrasie in die gemengde laag hoër as in 1960–1961, met byna aanhoudende suurstofoverversadiging in oppervlakwater. Suurstofkonsentrasie in hipolimnetiese water (dit wil sê die laag water wat onder die termokline lê, sirkuleer nie en bly altyd koud) was gedurende 1990–1991 vir 'n langer tydperk laer as in 1960–1961, met waardes van minder as 1 mg per liter wat in water so vlak as 40 meter voorkom, vergeleke met 'n vlakste voorkoms van meer as 50 meter in 1961. Die veranderinge in oksigenering word beskou as in ooreenstemming met metings van hoër alge-biomassa en produktiwiteit. Hierdie veranderinge het om verskeie redes ontstaan, soos opeenvolgende brande wat in die kom ontstaan het, roet en as neerslag wat oor die breë gebied van die meer versprei het; verhoogde nutriënt-invloei vanaf riviere, en verhoogde besoedeling as gevolg van nedersetting langs die oewers.
== Badmetrie ==
[[Lêer:Lake Vic Bathy.jpg|duimnael|Victoriameer se badmetriese model<ref name=":0">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2016 – LakeVicFish Dataverse|doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr|date=17 Mei 2018}}</ref>]]
Die meer word beskou as 'n vlak meer, die groot geografiese gebied wat dit beslaan in ag genome, met 'n maksimum diepte van ongeveer 80 meter en 'n gemiddelde diepte van 40 meter.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~sehamilton/LV_Bathy/ |title=LV_Bathy |website=faculty.salisbury.edu |accessdate=24 Oktober 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601062624/http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~sehamilton/LV_Bathy/ |archive-date=1 Junie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> 'n Projek van 2016 het tienduisend punte gedigitaliseer en die eerste ware badmetriese kaart van die meer geskep. Die diepste deel van die meer word ten ooste in die meer naby Kenia gevind, terwyl die meer in die algemeen vlak is in die weste langs die Ugandese kuslyn en in die suide langs die Tanzaniese kuslyn.
== Inheemse natuurlewe ==
=== Soogdiere ===
Baie [[soogdier]]spesies leef in die omgewing van die Victoriameer, en sommige daarvan hou nou verband met die meer en die vleilande. Hieronder tel die [[seekoei]], [[groototter]], gevlekte otter, [[Watermuishond|moeras-muishond]], rietrot, [[Waterkoedoe|sitatunga]] en [[Waterbok|defassa-waterbokkie]].
=== Reptiele ===
Die Victoriameer en sy vleilande het 'n groot bevolking van [[Nylkrokodil]]le, sowel as [[Moeraswaterskilpad|Afrika-helmskilpaaie]], veranderlike modderskilpaaie en Williams se modderskilpad.<ref name="Spawls2002">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Spawls, Howell, Drewes, en Ashe|year=2002|title=A Field Guide to the Reptiles of East Africa|publisher=Academic Press|location=London|isbn=0-12-656470-1}}</ref> Hierdie skilpad is beperk tot die Victoriameer en ander mere, riviere en moerasse in die boonste Nylkom.
=== Cichlidae-vis ===
[[Lêer:Pundamilia (Haplochromis) nyererei male.jpg|duimnael|In teenstelling met baie ander cichlidae-vissoorte in die Victoriameer, kom ''Haplochromis nyererei'' algemeen voor. Sy oë is veral sensitief vir lig, veral rooi, wat minder beïnvloed word deur die afname in die helderheid van die water as gevolg van [[Eutrofikasie|eutrofiering]] as [[kleur]]e met 'n kort golflengte<ref name="Witte2000">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Recovery of cichlid species in Lake Victoria: an examination of factors leading to differential extinction|doi=10.1023/a:1016677515930}}</ref>]]
[[Lêer:Haplochromis thereuterion.jpg|duimnael| ''Haplochromis thereuterion'' oorleef in klein getalle. Aanvanklik het hulle uitgesterf, maar toe dit herontdek is, het dit van habitat verander (van naby die wateroppervlak na rotsagtige areas) en voedingsgedrag (van oppervlakinsekte na inseklarwes)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author=Steeves, G |url=http://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/hap_thereuterion_pt1.php |title='Haplochromis' thereuterion" |publisher=Cichlid-Forum |accessdate=28 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029152201/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/hap_thereuterion_pt1.php |archive-date=29 Oktober 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>]]
Die Victoriameer was voorheen baie ryk aan vis, insluitend vele endemiese soorte, maar 'n groot persentasie daarvan het gedurende die afgelope 50 jaar uitgesterf.<ref name="Witte1992">{{en}} {{cite journal|year=1992|title=Species extinction and concomitant ecological changes in Lake Victoria|url=|journal=Netherlands Journal of Zoology|volume=42|issue=2–3|pages=214–32|doi=10.1163/156854291X00298}}</ref> Die hoofgroep in die Victoriameer is die haplochromine-cichlidae-visse (''Haplochromis sensu lato'' ) met meer as 500 spesies, byna almal endemies,<ref name="Verheyen2003" /><ref name="Meier2017">{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2017|title=Ancient hybridization fuels rapid cichlid fish adaptive radiations|url=|journal=Nature Communications|volume=8|issue=|doi=10.1038/ncomms14363}}</ref><ref name="DeWeerdt2004">{{en}} {{cite web |author=DeWeerdt, S. |date=28 Februarie 2004 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18124365-300-dark-secret-of-the-lake/ |title=Dark secret of the lake |publisher=New Scientist |accessdate=26 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922211635/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18124365-300-dark-secret-of-the-lake/ |archive-date=22 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> met 'n geskatte 300 wat nog nie beskryf is nie.<ref name="Sayer2018">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Sayer, C.A., L. Máiz-Tomé en W.R.T. Darwall|year=2018|title=Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin: Guidance for species conservation, site protection, climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods|location=Cambridge, VK en Gland, Switserland|publisher=IUCN|doi=10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.RA.2.en}}</ref> Dit is baie meer visspesies as enige ander meer ter wêreld, behalwe vir die [[Malawimeer]].<ref name="Turner2001">{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2001|title=How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-ecology_2001-03_10_3/page/793|journal=Molecular Ecology|volume=10|issue=|pages=793–806|doi=10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x}}</ref> Dit is die resultaat van 'n snelaanpasbare bestraling in die afgelope ongeveer 15 000 jaar.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2008|title=The late Pleistocene desiccation of Lake Victoria and the origin of its endemic biota|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=596|issue=1|pages=5–16|doi=10.1007/s10750-007-9158-2}}</ref> Hul buitengewone verskeidenheid en spoed van [[evolusie]] was al die onderwerp van talle wetenskaplike studies van die kragte wat die rykdom van lewe oral dryf.<ref name="Lowe2009">{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2009|title=Fisheries and cichlid evolution in the African Great Lakes: progress and problems|url=|journal=Freshwater Reviews|volume=2|issue=|pages=131–51|doi=10.1608/frj-2.2.2}}</ref> Die Victoria-haplochromines vorm deel van 'n ouer groep van meer as 700 verwante spesies, insluitend dié van verskeie kleiner mere in die streek, veral [[Kyogameer|Kyoga]], [[Edwardmeer|Edward]], George, Albert en [[Kivumeer|Kivu]].
Die Victoria-haplochromines is duidelik [[Geslagsdimorfie|geslagsdimorf]] (mannetjies relatief helderkleurig; wyfies vaal).<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Rijssel|title=Prevalence of disruptive selection predicts extent of species differentiation in Lake Victoria cichlids|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=285|issue=1871|doi=10.1098/rspb.2017.2630}}</ref> Hul ekologie is buitengewoon uiteenlopend en vorm ten minste 16 groepe, waaronder detritivore, zooplanktivores, insekvreters, garnaalvreters, en weekdiere.<ref name="Lowe2009" /> As gevolg van predasie deur die Nyl-baars, [[eutrofikasie]] en ander veranderinge in die ekosistelsel, word beraam dat minstens 200 spesies (ongeveer 40%) van die Victoriameer-haplochromines uitgesterf het,<ref name="DeWeerdt2004" /><ref name="Rijssel2013">{{en}} {{cite journal|last=van Rijssel|year=2013|title=Adaptive responses in resurgent Lake Victoria cichlids over the past 30 years|journal=Evol. Ecol.|volume=27|issue=|pages=253–67|doi=10.1007/s10682-012-9596-9}}</ref> insluitend meer as 100 onbeskryfde spesies.<ref name="Sayer2018" /> Aanvanklik is gevrees dat hierdie getal selfs hoër was, na sommige ramings selfs 65% van die totale spesie,<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Goldschmidt|year=1993|title=Cascading Effects of the Introduced Nile Perch on the Detritivorous/Phytoplanktivorous Species in the Sublittoral Areas of Lake Victoria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_conservation-biology_1993-09_7_3/page/686|journal=Conservation Biology|volume=7|issue=3|pages=686–700|doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07030686.x}}</ref> maar verskeie spesies wat moontlik uitgesterf het, is herontdek nadat die Nyl-baars se getalle in die negentigerjare begin afneem het.<ref name="IUCNef">{{en}} {{cite web |publisher=IUCN Red Lists |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/freshwater/eastafrica/geographicpatternsea |title=Geographic Patterns. Eastern Africa |accessdate=25 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002175558/http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/freshwater/eastafrica/geographicpatternsea |archive-date= 2 Oktober 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Verskeie van die oorblywende spesies word ernstig bedreig en addisionele uitwissings is moontlik.<ref name="Fiedler1998">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Fiedler, P.L. en P M. Kareiva|year=1998|title=Conservation Biology: For the Coming Decade|edition=2de|pages=209–10|isbn=978-0-412-09661-7}}</ref> Sommige spesies het in nabygeleë klein satelliet-mere, skuiling onder rotse of rante oorleef (wat hulle teen die Nyl-baars beskerm het),<ref name="Chapman1996">{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Chapman|year=1996|title=Wetland ecotones as refugia for endangered fishes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-conservation_1996-12_78_3/page/263|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=78|issue=|pages=263–70|doi=10.1016/s0006-3207(96)00030-4}}</ref> of het by die mensgemaakte veranderinge in die meer self aangepas. Sulke aanpassings sluit in 'n groter [[kieu]]e (aanpassing vir suurstofarm water), veranderinge aan die voedingsapparaat, veranderinge aan die oë (wat hulle beter sig in troebel water gee)<ref name="Witte2000" /> en kleiner kop, wat vinniger swem moontlik gemaak het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Zeeuw|year=2013|title=Two new species of zooplanktivorous haplochromine cichlids from Lake Victoria, Tanzania|journal=ZooKeys|volume=256|issue=|pages=1–34|doi=10.3897/zookeys.256.3871}}</ref> Die visetende visse, weekdiere en inseketende visse haplochromines het is veral hard getref met talle spesies wat uitgesterf het. Ander het in hul suiwer vorm uitgesterf, maar oorleef as [[Hibried|basters]]. Sommige van die bedreigde cichlidae-spesies in die Victoriameer het 'versekering'-bevolkings in dieretuine, openbare akwariums en by privaat versamelaars, en 'n paar spesies is [[Uitgestorwe in die natuur|in die natuur uitgesterf]] maar oorleef nog in gevangenskap.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|author=Yirka, B.|date=27 November 2015|url=https://phys.org/news/2015-11-evolution-diversification.html|title=Study shows evolution does not always mean more diversification|publisher=Phys.org|accessdate=28 Maart 2017}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite book|author=Lévêque, C.|year=1997|title=Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa|pages=358|isbn=978-0-521-57033-6}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author=Steeves, G |url=http://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/new_hobby_haps_pt1.php |title=New to the hobby Haplochromines |publisher=Cichlid-Forum |accessdate=28 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922024518/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/new_hobby_haps_pt1.php |archive-date=22 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author=Rizza, D. |url=http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/volume_6/volume_6_3/vic_chichlids.html |title=Looking At Victoria Cichlids |publisher=Conscientious Aquarist Magazine |accessdate=28 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601062543/http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/volume_6/volume_6_3/vic_chichlids.html |archive-date=1 Junie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|author=McAndrews, R. en D.I. Warmolts|date=25 Mei 2015|url=http://www.bostonaquariumsociety.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=89:progress-in-breeding-freshwater-fish-by-douglas-i-warmolts-columbus-zoological-gardens-and-russ&catid=42:general&Itemid=74|title=Progress in breeding freshwater fish|publisher=Boston Aquarium Society|accessdate=14 April 2017}}</ref>
Die uitwissing van cichlidae-visse in die genus ''Haplochromis'' is ook te wyte aan die eutrofikasie van die meer. Die vrugbaarheid van tropiese waters hang af van die tempo waarteen voedingstowwe in die oplossing gebring kan word. Die invloedryke riviere van die Victoriameer lewer min voedingstowwe in verhouding tot sy grootte. As gevolg hiervan word die meeste van die Victoriameer se voedingsstowwe vermoedelik opgesluit in die neerslag op die bodem.<ref name="Beauchamp54">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=R.S.A. Beauchamp|title=Fishery research in the lakes of East Africa}}</ref> Vegetatiewe stof vergaan stadig. Diere verval egter aansienlik vinniger, dus is die vrugbaarheid van die meer afhanklik van die tempo waarteen hierdie voedingstowwe deur visse en ander organismes opgeneem kan word. Daar is min twyfel dat ''Haplochromis'' 'n belangrike rol gespeel het om [[detritus]] en [[plankton]] weer in die oplossing te kry.<ref name="Lucy Richardson">{{en}} {{cite web|author=Lucy Richardson|title=The lessons of Lake Victoria Uganda|url=http://www.gulgasht.com/africa/lucy-richardson-story-from-lake-victoria-uganda.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926071844/http://www.gulgasht.com/africa/lucy-richardson-story-from-lake-victoria-uganda.html|archivedate=26 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="KaufmanOchumba93">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Les Kaufman|title=Evolutionary and conservation biology of cichlid fishes as revealed by faunal remnants in northern Lake Victoria}}</ref><ref name="Goldschmidt93">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Tijs Goldschmidt|title=Cascading effects of the introduced Nile perch on the detrivorous/phytoplantivorous species in sublittoral areas of Lake Victoria}}</ref> Met ongeveer 80% van die ''Haplochromis''-spesies wat aan detritus voed, en ewe in staat is om van mekaar af te voed, het hulle 'n hegte, interne herwinningstelsel gevorm, wat voedingstowwe en biomassa vertikaal en horisontaal deur die waterkolom stuur, via predasie deur mense en landdiere. Die verwydering van ''Haplochromis'' kon egter daartoe bygedra het dat die [[algebloeisels]] toegeneem het,<ref name="OchumbaKibaara">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Peter B. O. Ochumba|title=Observations on blue-green algal blooms in the open waters of Lake Victoria, Kenya}}</ref> wat op sy beurt verantwoordelik kan wees vir massa vissterftes.
=== Skaaldiere ===
Vier spesies varswaterkrappe kom in die Victoriameer voor: ''Potamonautes niloticus'' kom wydverspreid voor en ''P. emini'' is aangeteken in die omgewing van Bukoba in Tanzanië, maar albei word ook elders in Afrika aangetref.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|author=Cumberlidge, N.|year=2009|title=Freshwater Crabs and Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Nile Basin|chapter=27|pages=547–61|publisher=Dumony, H.J.|work=The Nile. Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use. Monographiae Biologicae, Vol. 89.|location=Springer, New York.|isbn=978-1-4020-9726-3}}</ref> Laasgenoemde is in 2017 die eerste keer wetenskaplik beskryf en daar is baie min oor hulle bekend: ''P. entebbe'' is slegs naby [[Entebbe]] waargeneem (die enigste bekende [[Monster (wetenskap)|monster]] is in 1955 versamel en dit is onbekend of dit in of naby die meer was) en ''P. busungwe'' slegs op Busungwe-eiland in die noordwestelike deel van die meer. Laasgenoemde is waarskynlik die kleinste varswaterkrap in Afrika met 'n breedte van ongeveer 1,6 cm, hoewel ''P. kantsyore'' van die [[Kagerarivier]], en ''Platythelphusa maculata'' en ''P. polita'' van die Tanganyikameer amper net so klein is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2017|title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)|url=|journal=European Journal of Taxonomy|volume=371|issue=|pages=1–19|doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371}}</ref>
Die enigste garnaal is ''Caridina nilotica'',<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2006|title=The shrimp Caridina nilotica in Lake Victoria (East Africa), before and after the Nile perch increase|url=|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=563|issue=1|pages=31–44|doi=10.1007/s10750-005-1385-9}}</ref> wat algemeen en wydverspreid in die Victoriameer voorkom.<ref name="Lowe2009" />
=== Weekdiere ===
Die Victoriameer is die tuiste van 28 spesies varswaterslakke (bv. ''Bellamya'', ''Biomphalaria'', ''Bulinus'', ''Cleopatra'', ''Gabbiella'' en ''Melanoides''), insluitend twaalf endemiese spesies of subspesies.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|author=Brown, D.|year=1994|title=Freshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance|edition=2de|isbn=0-7484-0026-5}}</ref> Daar is 17 spesies van [[tweekleppige]]s ( ''Corbicula'', ''Coelatura'', ''Sphaerium'' en ''Byssanodonta''), insluitend ses endemiese spesies of subspesies.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Mwambungu|title=The diversity of benthic molluscs of Lake Victoria and Lake Burigi|url=}}</ref> Dit is waarskynlik dat daar nog slakspesies is wat nog nie beskryf is nie. Twee van die slak-genera, ''Biomphalaria'' en ''Bulinus'', is [[Gasheer|intermediêre gashere]] van die parasiet [[bilharzia]] (schistosomiasis). Menslike infeksies deur hierdie parasiet kom gereeld by die Victoriameer voor. Dit kan toeneem as gevolg van die verspreiding van die indringerwaterhiasint ('n optimale slakhabitat),<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://faculty.fgcu.edu/twimberley/EnviroPhilo/LakeVictoriaCrisis.pdf |title=Lake Victoria: A Sick Giant |last=Chege, N. |date=1995 |publisher=People & the Planet |accessdate=16 Mei 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517153755/http://faculty.fgcu.edu/twimberley/EnviroPhilo/LakeVictoriaCrisis.pdf |archive-date=17 Mei 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> en die verlies van baie slaketende cichlidae in die meer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.ecologycenter.us/natural-history-2/haplochromine-cichlids-of-lake-victoria.html |title=Haplochromine Cichlids of Lake Victoria |last=Pomerantz, J. |date=19 September 2015 |publisher=ecologycenter.us |accessdate=16 Mei 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804140824/https://www.ecologycenter.us/natural-history-2/haplochromine-cichlids-of-lake-victoria.html |archive-date=4 Augustus 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
== Visserye ==
[[Lêer:Ugandan fishing boats.jpg|duimnael|Vissers en hul bote aan die oewer van die Victoriameer]]
Die Victoriameer is die bron van Afrika se grootste binnelandse [[vissery]] (vanaf 1997). Aanvanklik het die vissery slegs op inheemse spesies gefokus, veral tilapia en haplochromine-cichlidae, maar ook katvis (''Bagrus'', ''Clarias'', ''Synodontis'' en silwerbottervis), olifantvis, ningu (''Labeo victorianus'') en gemarmerde longvis (''Protopterus aethiopicus'').<ref name="LVFO2016">{{en}} Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (2016). {{cite web |url=http://www.lvfo.org/index.php/lvfo/lvfo-secretariat/5-lake-victoria-fisheries-an-introduction |title=Lake Victoria Fisheries: An introduction |accessdate=27 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115001451/http://www.lvfo.org/index.php/lvfo/lvfo-secretariat/5-lake-victoria-fisheries-an-introduction |archive-date=15 Januarie 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Njiru2005">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Exotic introductions to the fishery of Lake Victoria: What are the management options?|url=}}</ref> Sommige hiervan, waaronder tilapia en ningu (''Labeo victorianus'' ), het reeds in die eerste helfte van die 20ste eeu afgeneem weens [[oorbevissing]].<ref name="Lowe2009" /> In die vyftigerjare is verskeie soorte nie-inheemse tilapia en Nyl-baars by die meer gevoeg. Nietemin het die inheemse vissoorte voortgegaan om die vissery te oorheers tot in die 1970's, toe hul afname 'n sterk verskuiwing na die nie-inheemse [[Nylkurper|Nyl-tilapia]] (nou 7% van die vangste), die nie-inheemse Nyl-baars (60%) en die inheemse Victoriameer sardien (30%) teweeg gebring het. Vanweë sy klein grootte het die oopwater-sardien slegs klein visserye ondersteun, totdat die ander inheemse visse afgeneem het. Op die hoogtepunt in die vroeë negentigerjare is 500 000 ton Nyl-baars jaarliks in die Victoria-meer gevang, maar dit het in die latere jare aansienlik afgeneem.
== Omgewingskwessies ==
'n Aantal omgewingsvraagstukke hou verband met die verdwyning van baie endemiese visspesies in die Victoriameer word die "mees dramatiese voorbeeld van uitsterwing deur mense veroorsaak in 'n ekostelsel" genoem.<ref name="Fiedler1998" /> Indringervisse, [[waterhiasint]]e en besoedeling tel onder die belangrikste kwessies wat die Victoriameer se natuurlike ekostelsel benadeel.
== Geskiedenis en verkenning ==
[[Lêer:Lates niloticus 2.jpg|duimnael|links|Die Nylbaars is in die Victoriameer vrygelaat vir visvangdoeleindes en kan tot twee meter lank en 200 kilogram swaar word]]
[[Lêer:NdereIsland3.jpg|duimnael|'n Hiasint-versmoorde oewer by Ndere-eiland aan Kenia se kant van die Victoriameer]]
[[Lêer:Density evolution Victoria.png|duimnael|Bevolkingsdigtheid rondom Victoriameer]]
[[Lêer:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-3-183.jpg|duimnael|Bismarckrots]]
Die eerste aangetekende inligting oor die Victoriameer kom van [[Arabiere|Arabiese]] handelaars wat die binnelandse roetes verken het op soek na [[goud]], [[ivoor]], ander kosbare goedere en [[Slawerny|slawe]].
Die meer het bestaan en was bekend vir baie Afrikane in die opvanggebied lank voordat dit in 1858 deur 'n Europeër waargeneem is, toe die [[Verenigde Koninkryk|Britse]] ontdekkingsreisiger John Hanning Speke sy suidelike oewer bereik het terwyl hy met Richard Francis Burton op reis was om Sentraal-Afrika te verken en die Groot Mere op te spoor. Speke het geglo dat hy die oorsprong van die Nyl gevind het toe hy die 'uitgestrekte oop water' vir die eerste keer gesien het, en het die meer na koningin Victoria vernoem. Burton, wat destyds herstel het van siekte en verder suid op die oewer van die [[Tanganjikameer]] gerus het, was woedend oor Speke se bewering dat hy kon bewys dat sy ontdekking die ware bron van die Nylrivier was, omdat Burton dit as steeds onbevestig beskou het. 'n Baie openbare rusie het ontstaan, wat nie net 'n groot debat in die wetenskaplike gemeenskap van die dag ontlok het nie, maar ook baie belangstelling gekweek het onder ander ontdekkingsreisigers wat Speke se ontdekking wou bevestig of weerlê.
In die laat 1860's het die beroemde Britse [[Ontdekkingsreise|ontdekkingsreisiger]] en [[sendeling]] [[David Livingstone]] misluk in sy poging om die ontdekking van Speke te verifieer. Hy het te ver wes gereis en in plaas daarvan die [[Kongorivier]]stelsel bereik.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.jambokenya.com/jambo/location/victoria.htm |title=Kenya, Africa – Lake Victoria in Kenya |publisher=Jambo Kenya Network |accessdate=14 Julie 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111212634/http://www.jambokenya.com/jambo/location/victoria.htm |archive-date=11 November 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Uiteindelik het die [[Wallis|Wallies]]-Amerikaanse ontdekkingsreisiger [[Henry Morton Stanley]] op 'n ekspedisie wat deur ''New York Herald''-befondsing gefinansier is, die waarheid van Speke se ontdekking bevestig. Hy het om die meer geseil en die groot uitvloei by [[Ripon-waterval]] aan die noordelike oewer van die meer bevestig.
== Nalubaale-dam ==
[[Lêer:From top of Nalubaale Power Station.jpg|duimnael|Die Nalubaale-[[Hidroëlektrisiteit|hidroelektriese]] kragstasie in Njeru, Uganda]]
Die enigste uitvloei uit die Victoriameer is by Jinja, Uganda, waar dit die Victoria-Nyl vorm. Sedert minstens 12 000 jaar gelede het die water oor 'n natuurlike rots gestort. In 1952 het ingenieurs wat vir die regering van Brits-Uganda optree, die dam en reservoir vernietig om dit met 'n kunsmatige damwal te vervang, die vlak van die meer te beheer en die geleidelike erosie van die natuurlike dam en te verminder. 'n Standaard vir die nabootsing van die ou uitvloeitempo genaamd die "ooreengekome kurwe" is opgestel, wat die maksimum vloeitempo op 300 tot 1 700 kubieke meter per sekonde stel, afhangende van die meer se watervlak.
In 2002 het Uganda 'n tweede [[Hidroëlektrisiteit|hidroelektriese]] kompleks in die omgewing voltooi, die Kiira-hidroelektriese kragstasie, met finansiële hulp van die [[Wêreldbank]]. Teen 2006 het die watervlakke in die Victoriameer 'n 80-jaar laagtepunt bereik, en Daniel Kull, 'n onafhanklike hidroloog wat in [[Nairobi]], Kenia, woon, het bereken dat Uganda ongeveer twee keer soveel water vrystel as wat ingevolge die ooreenkoms toegelaat word. Dit was hoofsaaklik verantwoordelik vir die onlangse daling in die vlak van die meer.
== Vervoer ==
Sedert die 1900's was Victoria-veerbote 'n belangrike vervoermiddel tussen Uganda, Tanzanië en Kenia. Die belangrikste hawens op die meer is Kisumu, Mwanza, Bukoba, [[Entebbe]], Port Bell en Jinja. Tot 1963 is die vinnigste en nuutste veerboot, MV ''Victoria'', as 'n koninklike posskip gebruik. In 1966 is treinveerbootdienste tussen Kenia en Tanzanië tot stand gebring met die bekendstelling van MV Uhuru en MV Umoja. Die veerboot MV ''Bukoba'' het op 21 Mei 1996 in die meer gesink met 'n verlies van tussen 800 en 1 000 lewens, wat dit een van Afrika se ergste maritieme rampe maak. Nog 'n tragedie het onlangs op 20 September 2018 plaasgevind toe die passasiersboot MV ''Nyerere'' vanaf [[Tanzanië]] vertrek en gesink het, met meer as 200 sterftes.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Tanzania-ferry-tragedy-Mv-Nyerere-lake-victoria/4552908-4770298-j9es0f/index.html |title=Ferry tragedy: More than 200 feared dead in Tanzania |website=The East African |accessdate=18 Februarie 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218164223/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Tanzania-ferry-tragedy-Mv-Nyerere-lake-victoria/4552908-4770298-j9es0f/index.html |archive-date=18 Februarie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
== In populêre kultuur ==
Die Victoria-meer, sy oewers en eilande word uitgebeeld in [[Jules Verne]] se roman vyf weke in'n ballon, waar reisigers die meer van Oos na noordwes oorsteek op soek na die bron van die nyl (hoofstukke 18 en 19).
In Die riller "Vyf Weke In'n Ballon" (1962), Vlieg Professor Ferguson en sy kollegas deur Die Victoria-meer in'n lugballon tydens'n optog van Zanzibar Na Wes-Afrika, na die Volta-rivier.<ref>{{IMDb title |0055988 |Five Weeks in a Balloon}}</ref>
In Ivan Efremov se historiese roman Aan die Rand van die Oecumene het 'n antieke Egiptiese ekspedisie die land Punt (hedendaagse Somalië) per skip bereik, en van daar af het die reisigers na die Zambezi-rivier en die Victoriameer gestap (Deel 1, "Baurdjed se Reis").<ref>''Ефремов И.А.'' «На краю Ойкумены» — М.: Стройиздат, 1982. — 447 с.</ref><ref>''Ерёмина О. А., Смирнов Н. Н.'' Иван Ефремов. — М.: Молодая гвардия, 2013. — 682 с. — (Жизнь замечательных людей; вы8п. 1440). — ISBN 978-5-235-03658-1</ref>
In [[Andrei Goesev]] se roman "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017) gaan die hoofkarakters, Andy en Jennifer, op 'n wittebrood van Mombasa na Kisumu, aan die oewers van die Victoriameer, en hou dan vakansie by 'n losieshuis op die Keniaanse eiland Takawiri in die middel van die Victoriameer.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105203257/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm |date=5 November 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''“Consummation in Mombasa”''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady’s Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 «Консуммация в Момбасе»] by Andrei Gusev, 2017. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|4}}
== Verdere leesstof ==
* {{en}} Matheson, Alastair: Victoria Nyanza – the story of a lake. Lantern. Tydskrif vir Kennis en Kultuur. Jaargang 8, nr. 4, Junie 1959
* {{de}} {{cite book|author=Tijs Goldschmidt|title=Darwins Traumsee. Nachrichten von meiner Forschungsreise nach Afrika|publisher=C.H. Beck|location=München|year=1997|isbn=3-406-42881-9}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{CommonsKategorie|Lake Victoria|Victoriameer}}
* {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria|title=Lake Victoria|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=2 November 2023}}
* {{en}} [http://www.ugpulse.com/articles/daily/homepage.asp?ID=306 Decreasing levels of Lake Victoria Worry East African Countries]
* {{en}} [https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925384.100 New Scientist article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013113221/http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925384.100 |date=13 Oktober 2008 }} on Uganda's violation of the agreed curve for hydroelectric water flow.
* {{en}} [http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1056 Dams Draining Lake Victoria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310044431/http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1056 |date=10 Maart 2012 }}
* {{en}} [https://archive.org/details/naturalistonlake00carp ''A Naturalist on Lake Victoria, with an Account of Sleeping Sickness and the Tse-tse Fly''] (1920). T.F. Unwin Ltd, Londen; Biodiversity Archive
* {{en}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9VJ6cezlnU Video oor die Victoriameer]
* {{en}} Institutions of the East African Community: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120213132137/http://www.lvfo.org/ Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation]
{{Groot Mere van Afrika}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Groot Mere van Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Mere in Uganda]]
[[Kategorie:Mere in Tanzanië]]
[[Kategorie:Mere in Kenia]]
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{{Inligtingskas Waterliggaam
| Naam = Victoriameer
| Beeld = Victoriasee.jpg
| Beeld_byskrif = [[Nasa]]-Satellietbeeld van die Victoriameer
| Kaart = Kaart Victoriameer.png
| Kaart_byskrif = Kaart van die Victoriameer
| Koördinate = {{Koördinate|1|S|33|O|type:waterbody_scale:5000000|aansig=inlyn,titel}}
| Ligging = [[Tanzanië]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenia]]
| Soort = Binnemeer
| Oppervlakte = 68 800 km² (26 600 myl²)
| Gem_diepte = 40 meter (130 voet)
| Maks_diepte = 83 meter (272 voet)
| Volume = 2 750 km³ (660 myl³)
| Oppervlakhoogte = 1 133 meter (3 717 voet)
| Lengte = 337 km (209 myl)
| Breedte = 250 km (160 myl)
| Opvangsgebied = 184 000 km² (71 000 myl²)
| Omtrek = 3 440 km (2 140 myl)
| Invloei = [[Kagerarivier]]
| Uitvloei = [[Wit Nyl]]
| Eiland = 84
| Nedersettings = Bukoba, Tanzanië<br />Mwanza, Tanzanië<br />Musoma, Tanzanië<br />Kisumu, Kenia<br />Kendu Bay, Kenia<br />Homa Bay, Kenia<br />[[Kampala]], Uganda<br />[[Entebbe]], Uganda<br />[[Jinja]], Uganda
| Gevries =
| Rangorde_volume =
}}
Die '''Victoriameer''' ([[Engels]]: ''Lake Victoria''; [[Swahili]]: ''Viktoria Nyanza''; [[Luo]]: ''Nam Lolwe''; [[Luganda]]: ''Nnalubaale''; ''Nyanza'' in ander [[Bantoetale]]<ref name="WDL1">{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557 |title=The Victoria Nyanza. The Land, the Races and their Customs, with Specimens of Some of the Dialects |year=1899 |publisher=World Digital Library |accessdate=18 Februarie 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824034057/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2557/ |archive-date=24 Augustus 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>) is een van die [[Groot Mere van Afrika]] en die grootste meer in [[Afrika]]. Dit lê net suid van die [[ewenaar]].
[[Lêer:African Great Lakes.svg|duimnael|links|Kaart van die [[Groot Mere van Afrika]]:<br />[[Albertmeer]] (''Lake Albert'')<br />[[Edwardmeer]] (''Lake Edward'')<br />[[Kivumeer]] (''Lake Kivu'')<br />[[Kyogameer]] (''Lake Kyoga'')<br />[[Malawimeer]] (''Lake Malawi'')<br />[[Mwerumeer]] (''Lake Mweru'')<br />[[Rukwameer]] (''Lake Rukwa'')<br />[[Tanganjikameer]] (''Lake Tanganyika'')<br />[[Turkanameer]] (''Lake Turkana'')<br />Victoriameer (''Lake Victoria'')]]
[[Lêer:Africa Lake Victoria 10 006.jpg|duimnael|links|Uitsig oor die meer vanaf ''Speke Resort'' in Munyonyo, Kampala, Uganda]]
[[Lêer:Victoria Nyanza.jpg|duimnael|links|Die swart streep dui Stanley se roete aan]]
Die meer is deur die ontdekkingsreisiger John Hanning Speke in sy verslae Victoriameer herbenoem, na [[Victoria van die Verenigde Koninkryk|koningin Victoria]]. Hy was die eerste [[Verenigde Koninkryk|Brit]] om dit te dokumenteer. (Daar is sedertdien erken dat die inheemse gidse die naam Nyanza-meer gebruik het om dit aan hom te beskryf.) Speke het dit in 1858 gedoen terwyl hy saam met [[Richard Francis Burton]] op 'n ekspedisie was om die bron van die [[Nylrivier]] op te spoor. Hierdie ekspedisie is finansieel deur die Royal Geographic Society geborg.
Met 'n oppervlakte van ongeveer 59 947 vierkante kilometer<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector polygon, ~2015}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Lake Victoria Statistics from this Dataverse}}</ref> is Victoriameer Afrika se grootste meer volgens oppervlakte, die wêreld se grootste [[Trope|tropiese]] meer,<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/ |title=Lake Victoria |last=Saundry |first=Peter |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425002846/http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/154134/ |archive-date=25 April 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |accessdate= 3 Julie 2014 }}</ref> en die wêreld se tweede grootste [[Vars water|varswatermeer]] volgens oppervlakte ná [[Bowemeer]] in [[Noord-Amerika]].<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |title=Lake Victoria |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |accessdate=27 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408101912/https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |archive-date=8 April 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Volgens volume is Victoriameer die negende grootste kontinentale meer ter wêreld, met ongeveer 2 424 kubieke kilometer se water.<ref name="auto4">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2017, V7}}</ref>
Victoriameer het 'n maksimum diepte van tussen 80 en 84 meter en 'n gemiddelde diepte van 40 meter. Sy opvangsgebied strek oor 169 858 vierkante kilometer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Stuart|title=Basin, Lake Victoria Watershed (inside), vector polygon, ~2015}}</ref> Die meer se oewer beslaan 7 142 kilometer, gedigitiseer teen die 1:25 000-vlak,<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Shoreline, Lake Victoria, vector line – 2015 – LakeVicFish Dataverse|author=Hamilton}}</ref> met eilande wat 3,7% van hierdie lengte beslaan. Die meer se area strek oor drie lande: [[Kenia]] (6% of 4 100 vierkante kilometer, [[Uganda]] (45% of 31 000 vierkante kilometer en [[Tanzanië]] (49% of 33 700 vierkante kilometer).
== Geologie ==
[[Lêer:Topography of Lake Victoria.png|duimnael|links|Topografiese kaart van Victoriameer]]
Geologies gesien is Victoriameer ongeveer 400 000 jaar oud. Dit het gevorm toe riviere wat weswaarts vloei deur 'n steil korsblok opgedam is. Gedurende sy geologiese geskiedenis het Victoriameer veranderinge ondergaan. Geologiese bewysstukke vanaf die meer se bodem toon dat Victoriameer minstens drie keer sedert sy vorming heeltemal opgedroog het. Hierdie droogtesiklusse hou waarskynlik verband met [[Kwartêre Ystydperk|ystydperke]] in die [[Kwartêre Ystydperk|verlede]]. Die Victoriameer het ongeveer 17 300 jaar gelede laas opgedroog, en het 14 700 jaar gelede weer opgevul,<ref name="Verheyen2003">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Verheyen|year=2003|title=Origin of the Superflock of Cichlid Fishes from Lake Victoria, East Africa|pages=325–329}}</ref> toe die begin van die vogtige tydperk in Afrika aangebreek het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|author=deMenocal|title=Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period|pages=347–361}}</ref>
== Hidrologie en limnologie (meerkunde) ==
[[Lêer:Rift en.svg|duimnael|links|Victoriameer en die [[Groot Skeurvallei]]]]
Victoriameer ontvang 80% van sy water uit direkte reënval. Gemiddelde verdamping op die meer is tussen 2 en 2,2 meter per jaar, amper die dubbele neerslag van oewergebiede. Victoriameer ontvang sy water bykomend van riviere en duisende klein [[Stroom|strome]]. Die [[Kagerarivier]] is die grootste rivier wat in hierdie meer vloei, met sy [[Rivierdelta|mond]] aan die westelike oewer van die meer. In die Keniaanse sektor is die belangrikste riviere die Sio, Nzoia, Yala, Nyando, Sondu Miriu, Mogusi en Migori.
Die enigste uitvloei vanuit die Victoriameer is die Nylrivier, wat naby Jinja in Uganda uitvloei. Dit maak die Victoriameer die belangrikste bron van die langste tak van die Nylrivier. Die boonste gedeelte van die Nyl staan algemeen bekend as die Victoria-Nyl totdat dit die [[Albertmeer]] bereik. Hoewel dit deel vorm van dieselfde rivierstelsel wat as die [[Wit-Nyl]] bekend staan, geld hierdie naam streng gesproke eers nadat die rivier die Uganda-grens na Suid-Soedan in die noorde oorgesteek het.
Die meer vertoon [[Eutrofikasie|eutrofiese toestande]]. In 1990–1991 was suurstofkonsentrasie in die gemengde laag hoër as in 1960–1961, met byna aanhoudende suurstofoverversadiging in oppervlakwater. Suurstofkonsentrasie in hipolimnetiese water (dit wil sê die laag water wat onder die termokline lê, sirkuleer nie en bly altyd koud) was gedurende 1990–1991 vir 'n langer tydperk laer as in 1960–1961, met waardes van minder as 1 mg per liter wat in water so vlak as 40 meter voorkom, vergeleke met 'n vlakste voorkoms van meer as 50 meter in 1961. Die veranderinge in oksigenering word beskou as in ooreenstemming met metings van hoër alge-biomassa en produktiwiteit. Hierdie veranderinge het om verskeie redes ontstaan, soos opeenvolgende brande wat in die kom ontstaan het, roet en as neerslag wat oor die breë gebied van die meer versprei het; verhoogde nutriënt-invloei vanaf riviere, en verhoogde besoedeling as gevolg van nedersetting langs die oewers.
== Badmetrie ==
[[Lêer:Lake Vic Bathy.jpg|duimnael|Victoriameer se badmetriese model<ref name=":0">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Bathymetry TIFF, Lake Victoria Bathymetry, raster, 2016 – LakeVicFish Dataverse|doi=10.7910/dvn/soeknr|date=17 Mei 2018}}</ref>]]
Die meer word beskou as 'n vlak meer, die groot geografiese gebied wat dit beslaan in ag genome, met 'n maksimum diepte van ongeveer 80 meter en 'n gemiddelde diepte van 40 meter.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~sehamilton/LV_Bathy/ |title=LV_Bathy |website=faculty.salisbury.edu |accessdate=24 Oktober 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601062624/http://faculty.salisbury.edu/~sehamilton/LV_Bathy/ |archive-date=1 Junie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> 'n Projek van 2016 het tienduisend punte gedigitaliseer en die eerste ware badmetriese kaart van die meer geskep. Die diepste deel van die meer word ten ooste in die meer naby Kenia gevind, terwyl die meer in die algemeen vlak is in die weste langs die Ugandese kuslyn en in die suide langs die Tanzaniese kuslyn.
== Inheemse natuurlewe ==
=== Soogdiere ===
Baie [[soogdier]]spesies leef in die omgewing van die Victoriameer, en sommige daarvan hou nou verband met die meer en die vleilande. Hieronder tel die [[seekoei]], [[groototter]], gevlekte otter, [[Watermuishond|moeras-muishond]], rietrot, [[Waterkoedoe|sitatunga]] en [[Waterbok|defassa-waterbokkie]].
=== Reptiele ===
Die Victoriameer en sy vleilande het 'n groot bevolking van [[Nylkrokodil]]le, sowel as [[Moeraswaterskilpad|Afrika-helmskilpaaie]], veranderlike modderskilpaaie en Williams se modderskilpad.<ref name="Spawls2002">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Spawls, Howell, Drewes, en Ashe|year=2002|title=A Field Guide to the Reptiles of East Africa|publisher=Academic Press|location=London|isbn=0-12-656470-1}}</ref> Hierdie skilpad is beperk tot die Victoriameer en ander mere, riviere en moerasse in die boonste Nylkom.
=== Cichlidae-vis ===
[[Lêer:Pundamilia (Haplochromis) nyererei male.jpg|duimnael|In teenstelling met baie ander cichlidae-vissoorte in die Victoriameer, kom ''Haplochromis nyererei'' algemeen voor. Sy oë is veral sensitief vir lig, veral rooi, wat minder beïnvloed word deur die afname in die helderheid van die water as gevolg van [[Eutrofikasie|eutrofiering]] as [[kleur]]e met 'n kort golflengte<ref name="Witte2000">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Recovery of cichlid species in Lake Victoria: an examination of factors leading to differential extinction|doi=10.1023/a:1016677515930}}</ref>]]
[[Lêer:Haplochromis thereuterion.jpg|duimnael| ''Haplochromis thereuterion'' oorleef in klein getalle. Aanvanklik het hulle uitgesterf, maar toe dit herontdek is, het dit van habitat verander (van naby die wateroppervlak na rotsagtige areas) en voedingsgedrag (van oppervlakinsekte na inseklarwes)<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author=Steeves, G |url=http://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/hap_thereuterion_pt1.php |title='Haplochromis' thereuterion" |publisher=Cichlid-Forum |accessdate=28 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029152201/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/hap_thereuterion_pt1.php |archive-date=29 Oktober 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>]]
Die Victoriameer was voorheen baie ryk aan vis, insluitend vele endemiese soorte, maar 'n groot persentasie daarvan het gedurende die afgelope 50 jaar uitgesterf.<ref name="Witte1992">{{en}} {{cite journal|year=1992|title=Species extinction and concomitant ecological changes in Lake Victoria|url=|journal=Netherlands Journal of Zoology|volume=42|issue=2–3|pages=214–32|doi=10.1163/156854291X00298}}</ref> Die hoofgroep in die Victoriameer is die haplochromine-cichlidae-visse (''Haplochromis sensu lato'' ) met meer as 500 spesies, byna almal endemies,<ref name="Verheyen2003" /><ref name="Meier2017">{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2017|title=Ancient hybridization fuels rapid cichlid fish adaptive radiations|url=|journal=Nature Communications|volume=8|issue=|doi=10.1038/ncomms14363}}</ref><ref name="DeWeerdt2004">{{en}} {{cite web |author=DeWeerdt, S. |date=28 Februarie 2004 |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18124365-300-dark-secret-of-the-lake/ |title=Dark secret of the lake |publisher=New Scientist |accessdate=26 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922211635/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18124365-300-dark-secret-of-the-lake/ |archive-date=22 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> met 'n geskatte 300 wat nog nie beskryf is nie.<ref name="Sayer2018">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Sayer, C.A., L. Máiz-Tomé en W.R.T. Darwall|year=2018|title=Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin: Guidance for species conservation, site protection, climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods|location=Cambridge, VK en Gland, Switserland|publisher=IUCN|doi=10.2305/IUCN.CH.2018.RA.2.en}}</ref> Dit is baie meer visspesies as enige ander meer ter wêreld, behalwe vir die [[Malawimeer]].<ref name="Turner2001">{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2001|title=How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-ecology_2001-03_10_3/page/793|journal=Molecular Ecology|volume=10|issue=|pages=793–806|doi=10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x}}</ref> Dit is die resultaat van 'n snelaanpasbare bestraling in die afgelope ongeveer 15 000 jaar.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2008|title=The late Pleistocene desiccation of Lake Victoria and the origin of its endemic biota|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=596|issue=1|pages=5–16|doi=10.1007/s10750-007-9158-2}}</ref> Hul buitengewone verskeidenheid en spoed van [[evolusie]] was al die onderwerp van talle wetenskaplike studies van die kragte wat die rykdom van lewe oral dryf.<ref name="Lowe2009">{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2009|title=Fisheries and cichlid evolution in the African Great Lakes: progress and problems|url=|journal=Freshwater Reviews|volume=2|issue=|pages=131–51|doi=10.1608/frj-2.2.2}}</ref> Die Victoria-haplochromines vorm deel van 'n ouer groep van meer as 700 verwante spesies, insluitend dié van verskeie kleiner mere in die streek, veral [[Kyogameer|Kyoga]], [[Edwardmeer|Edward]], George, Albert en [[Kivumeer|Kivu]].
Die Victoria-haplochromines is duidelik [[Geslagsdimorfie|geslagsdimorf]] (mannetjies relatief helderkleurig; wyfies vaal).<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Rijssel|title=Prevalence of disruptive selection predicts extent of species differentiation in Lake Victoria cichlids|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=285|issue=1871|doi=10.1098/rspb.2017.2630}}</ref> Hul ekologie is buitengewoon uiteenlopend en vorm ten minste 16 groepe, waaronder detritivore, zooplanktivores, insekvreters, garnaalvreters, en weekdiere.<ref name="Lowe2009" /> As gevolg van predasie deur die Nyl-baars, [[eutrofikasie]] en ander veranderinge in die ekosistelsel, word beraam dat minstens 200 spesies (ongeveer 40%) van die Victoriameer-haplochromines uitgesterf het,<ref name="DeWeerdt2004" /><ref name="Rijssel2013">{{en}} {{cite journal|last=van Rijssel|year=2013|title=Adaptive responses in resurgent Lake Victoria cichlids over the past 30 years|journal=Evol. Ecol.|volume=27|issue=|pages=253–67|doi=10.1007/s10682-012-9596-9}}</ref> insluitend meer as 100 onbeskryfde spesies.<ref name="Sayer2018" /> Aanvanklik is gevrees dat hierdie getal selfs hoër was, na sommige ramings selfs 65% van die totale spesie,<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Goldschmidt|year=1993|title=Cascading Effects of the Introduced Nile Perch on the Detritivorous/Phytoplanktivorous Species in the Sublittoral Areas of Lake Victoria|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_conservation-biology_1993-09_7_3/page/686|journal=Conservation Biology|volume=7|issue=3|pages=686–700|doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07030686.x}}</ref> maar verskeie spesies wat moontlik uitgesterf het, is herontdek nadat die Nyl-baars se getalle in die negentigerjare begin afneem het.<ref name="IUCNef">{{en}} {{cite web |publisher=IUCN Red Lists |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/freshwater/eastafrica/geographicpatternsea |title=Geographic Patterns. Eastern Africa |accessdate=25 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002175558/http://www.iucnredlist.org/initiatives/freshwater/eastafrica/geographicpatternsea |archive-date= 2 Oktober 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Verskeie van die oorblywende spesies word ernstig bedreig en addisionele uitwissings is moontlik.<ref name="Fiedler1998">{{en}} {{cite book|author=Fiedler, P.L. en P M. Kareiva|year=1998|title=Conservation Biology: For the Coming Decade|edition=2de|pages=209–10|isbn=978-0-412-09661-7}}</ref> Sommige spesies het in nabygeleë klein satelliet-mere, skuiling onder rotse of rante oorleef (wat hulle teen die Nyl-baars beskerm het),<ref name="Chapman1996">{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Chapman|year=1996|title=Wetland ecotones as refugia for endangered fishes|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-conservation_1996-12_78_3/page/263|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=78|issue=|pages=263–70|doi=10.1016/s0006-3207(96)00030-4}}</ref> of het by die mensgemaakte veranderinge in die meer self aangepas. Sulke aanpassings sluit in 'n groter [[kieu]]e (aanpassing vir suurstofarm water), veranderinge aan die voedingsapparaat, veranderinge aan die oë (wat hulle beter sig in troebel water gee)<ref name="Witte2000" /> en kleiner kop, wat vinniger swem moontlik gemaak het.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|last=Zeeuw|year=2013|title=Two new species of zooplanktivorous haplochromine cichlids from Lake Victoria, Tanzania|journal=ZooKeys|volume=256|issue=|pages=1–34|doi=10.3897/zookeys.256.3871}}</ref> Die visetende visse, weekdiere en inseketende visse haplochromines het is veral hard getref met talle spesies wat uitgesterf het. Ander het in hul suiwer vorm uitgesterf, maar oorleef as [[Hibried|basters]]. Sommige van die bedreigde cichlidae-spesies in die Victoriameer het 'versekering'-bevolkings in dieretuine, openbare akwariums en by privaat versamelaars, en 'n paar spesies is [[Uitgestorwe in die natuur|in die natuur uitgesterf]] maar oorleef nog in gevangenskap.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web|author=Yirka, B.|date=27 November 2015|url=https://phys.org/news/2015-11-evolution-diversification.html|title=Study shows evolution does not always mean more diversification|publisher=Phys.org|accessdate=28 Maart 2017}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite book|author=Lévêque, C.|year=1997|title=Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa|pages=358|isbn=978-0-521-57033-6}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author=Steeves, G |url=http://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/new_hobby_haps_pt1.php |title=New to the hobby Haplochromines |publisher=Cichlid-Forum |accessdate=28 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922024518/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/articles/new_hobby_haps_pt1.php |archive-date=22 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web |author=Rizza, D. |url=http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/volume_6/volume_6_3/vic_chichlids.html |title=Looking At Victoria Cichlids |publisher=Conscientious Aquarist Magazine |accessdate=28 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601062543/http://www.wetwebmedia.com/ca/volume_6/volume_6_3/vic_chichlids.html |archive-date=1 Junie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{en}} {{cite web|author=McAndrews, R. en D.I. Warmolts|date=25 Mei 2015|url=http://www.bostonaquariumsociety.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=89:progress-in-breeding-freshwater-fish-by-douglas-i-warmolts-columbus-zoological-gardens-and-russ&catid=42:general&Itemid=74|title=Progress in breeding freshwater fish|publisher=Boston Aquarium Society|accessdate=14 April 2017}}</ref>
Die uitwissing van cichlidae-visse in die genus ''Haplochromis'' is ook te wyte aan die eutrofikasie van die meer. Die vrugbaarheid van tropiese waters hang af van die tempo waarteen voedingstowwe in die oplossing gebring kan word. Die invloedryke riviere van die Victoriameer lewer min voedingstowwe in verhouding tot sy grootte. As gevolg hiervan word die meeste van die Victoriameer se voedingsstowwe vermoedelik opgesluit in die neerslag op die bodem.<ref name="Beauchamp54">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=R.S.A. Beauchamp|title=Fishery research in the lakes of East Africa}}</ref> Vegetatiewe stof vergaan stadig. Diere verval egter aansienlik vinniger, dus is die vrugbaarheid van die meer afhanklik van die tempo waarteen hierdie voedingstowwe deur visse en ander organismes opgeneem kan word. Daar is min twyfel dat ''Haplochromis'' 'n belangrike rol gespeel het om [[detritus]] en [[plankton]] weer in die oplossing te kry.<ref name="Lucy Richardson">{{en}} {{cite web|author=Lucy Richardson|title=The lessons of Lake Victoria Uganda|url=http://www.gulgasht.com/africa/lucy-richardson-story-from-lake-victoria-uganda.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926071844/http://www.gulgasht.com/africa/lucy-richardson-story-from-lake-victoria-uganda.html|archivedate=26 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="KaufmanOchumba93">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Les Kaufman|title=Evolutionary and conservation biology of cichlid fishes as revealed by faunal remnants in northern Lake Victoria}}</ref><ref name="Goldschmidt93">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Tijs Goldschmidt|title=Cascading effects of the introduced Nile perch on the detrivorous/phytoplantivorous species in sublittoral areas of Lake Victoria}}</ref> Met ongeveer 80% van die ''Haplochromis''-spesies wat aan detritus voed, en ewe in staat is om van mekaar af te voed, het hulle 'n hegte, interne herwinningstelsel gevorm, wat voedingstowwe en biomassa vertikaal en horisontaal deur die waterkolom stuur, via predasie deur mense en landdiere. Die verwydering van ''Haplochromis'' kon egter daartoe bygedra het dat die [[algebloeisels]] toegeneem het,<ref name="OchumbaKibaara">{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Peter B. O. Ochumba|title=Observations on blue-green algal blooms in the open waters of Lake Victoria, Kenya}}</ref> wat op sy beurt verantwoordelik kan wees vir massa vissterftes.
=== Skaaldiere ===
Vier spesies varswaterkrappe kom in die Victoriameer voor: ''Potamonautes niloticus'' kom wydverspreid voor en ''P. emini'' is aangeteken in die omgewing van Bukoba in Tanzanië, maar albei word ook elders in Afrika aangetref.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|author=Cumberlidge, N.|year=2009|title=Freshwater Crabs and Shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Nile Basin|chapter=27|pages=547–61|publisher=Dumony, H.J.|work=The Nile. Origin, Environments, Limnology and Human Use. Monographiae Biologicae, Vol. 89.|location=Springer, New York.|isbn=978-1-4020-9726-3}}</ref> Laasgenoemde is in 2017 die eerste keer wetenskaplik beskryf en daar is baie min oor hulle bekend: ''P. entebbe'' is slegs naby [[Entebbe]] waargeneem (die enigste bekende [[Monster (wetenskap)|monster]] is in 1955 versamel en dit is onbekend of dit in of naby die meer was) en ''P. busungwe'' slegs op Busungwe-eiland in die noordwestelike deel van die meer. Laasgenoemde is waarskynlik die kleinste varswaterkrap in Afrika met 'n breedte van ongeveer 1,6 cm, hoewel ''P. kantsyore'' van die [[Kagerarivier]], en ''Platythelphusa maculata'' en ''P. polita'' van die Tanganyikameer amper net so klein is.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2017|title=Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)|url=|journal=European Journal of Taxonomy|volume=371|issue=|pages=1–19|doi=10.5852/ejt.2017.371}}</ref>
Die enigste garnaal is ''Caridina nilotica'',<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|year=2006|title=The shrimp Caridina nilotica in Lake Victoria (East Africa), before and after the Nile perch increase|url=|journal=Hydrobiologia|volume=563|issue=1|pages=31–44|doi=10.1007/s10750-005-1385-9}}</ref> wat algemeen en wydverspreid in die Victoriameer voorkom.<ref name="Lowe2009" />
=== Weekdiere ===
Die Victoriameer is die tuiste van 28 spesies varswaterslakke (bv. ''Bellamya'', ''Biomphalaria'', ''Bulinus'', ''Cleopatra'', ''Gabbiella'' en ''Melanoides''), insluitend twaalf endemiese spesies of subspesies.<ref>{{en}} {{cite book|author=Brown, D.|year=1994|title=Freshwater snails of Africa and their medical importance|edition=2de|isbn=0-7484-0026-5}}</ref> Daar is 17 spesies van [[tweekleppige]]s ( ''Corbicula'', ''Coelatura'', ''Sphaerium'' en ''Byssanodonta''), insluitend ses endemiese spesies of subspesies.<ref>{{en}} {{cite journal|author=Mwambungu|title=The diversity of benthic molluscs of Lake Victoria and Lake Burigi|url=}}</ref> Dit is waarskynlik dat daar nog slakspesies is wat nog nie beskryf is nie. Twee van die slak-genera, ''Biomphalaria'' en ''Bulinus'', is [[Gasheer|intermediêre gashere]] van die parasiet [[bilharzia]] (schistosomiasis). Menslike infeksies deur hierdie parasiet kom gereeld by die Victoriameer voor. Dit kan toeneem as gevolg van die verspreiding van die indringerwaterhiasint ('n optimale slakhabitat),<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://faculty.fgcu.edu/twimberley/EnviroPhilo/LakeVictoriaCrisis.pdf |title=Lake Victoria: A Sick Giant |last=Chege, N. |date=1995 |publisher=People & the Planet |accessdate=16 Mei 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517153755/http://faculty.fgcu.edu/twimberley/EnviroPhilo/LakeVictoriaCrisis.pdf |archive-date=17 Mei 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> en die verlies van baie slaketende cichlidae in die meer.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.ecologycenter.us/natural-history-2/haplochromine-cichlids-of-lake-victoria.html |title=Haplochromine Cichlids of Lake Victoria |last=Pomerantz, J. |date=19 September 2015 |publisher=ecologycenter.us |accessdate=16 Mei 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804140824/https://www.ecologycenter.us/natural-history-2/haplochromine-cichlids-of-lake-victoria.html |archive-date=4 Augustus 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
== Visserye ==
[[Lêer:Ugandan fishing boats.jpg|duimnael|Vissers en hul bote aan die oewer van die Victoriameer]]
Die Victoriameer is die bron van Afrika se grootste binnelandse [[vissery]] (vanaf 1997). Aanvanklik het die vissery slegs op inheemse spesies gefokus, veral tilapia en haplochromine-cichlidae, maar ook katvis (''Bagrus'', ''Clarias'', ''Synodontis'' en silwerbottervis), olifantvis, ningu (''Labeo victorianus'') en gemarmerde longvis (''Protopterus aethiopicus'').<ref name="LVFO2016">{{en}} Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (2016). {{cite web |url=http://www.lvfo.org/index.php/lvfo/lvfo-secretariat/5-lake-victoria-fisheries-an-introduction |title=Lake Victoria Fisheries: An introduction |accessdate=27 Maart 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115001451/http://www.lvfo.org/index.php/lvfo/lvfo-secretariat/5-lake-victoria-fisheries-an-introduction |archive-date=15 Januarie 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Njiru2005">{{en}} {{cite journal|title=Exotic introductions to the fishery of Lake Victoria: What are the management options?|url=}}</ref> Sommige hiervan, waaronder tilapia en ningu (''Labeo victorianus'' ), het reeds in die eerste helfte van die 20ste eeu afgeneem weens [[oorbevissing]].<ref name="Lowe2009" /> In die vyftigerjare is verskeie soorte nie-inheemse tilapia en Nyl-baars by die meer gevoeg. Nietemin het die inheemse vissoorte voortgegaan om die vissery te oorheers tot in die 1970's, toe hul afname 'n sterk verskuiwing na die nie-inheemse [[Nylkurper|Nyl-tilapia]] (nou 7% van die vangste), die nie-inheemse Nyl-baars (60%) en die inheemse Victoriameer sardien (30%) teweeg gebring het. Vanweë sy klein grootte het die oopwater-sardien slegs klein visserye ondersteun, totdat die ander inheemse visse afgeneem het. Op die hoogtepunt in die vroeë negentigerjare is 500 000 ton Nyl-baars jaarliks in die Victoria-meer gevang, maar dit het in die latere jare aansienlik afgeneem.
== Omgewingskwessies ==
'n Aantal omgewingsvraagstukke hou verband met die verdwyning van baie endemiese visspesies in die Victoriameer word die "mees dramatiese voorbeeld van uitsterwing deur mense veroorsaak in 'n ekostelsel" genoem.<ref name="Fiedler1998" /> Indringervisse, [[waterhiasint]]e en besoedeling tel onder die belangrikste kwessies wat die Victoriameer se natuurlike ekostelsel benadeel.
== Geskiedenis en verkenning ==
[[Lêer:Lates niloticus 2.jpg|duimnael|links|Die Nylbaars is in die Victoriameer vrygelaat vir visvangdoeleindes en kan tot twee meter lank en 200 kilogram swaar word]]
[[Lêer:NdereIsland3.jpg|duimnael|'n Hiasint-versmoorde oewer by Ndere-eiland aan Kenia se kant van die Victoriameer]]
[[Lêer:Density evolution Victoria.png|duimnael|Bevolkingsdigtheid rondom Victoriameer]]
[[Lêer:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-3-183.jpg|duimnael|Bismarckrots]]
Die eerste aangetekende inligting oor die Victoriameer kom van [[Arabiere|Arabiese]] handelaars wat die binnelandse roetes verken het op soek na [[goud]], [[ivoor]], ander kosbare goedere en [[Slawerny|slawe]].
Die meer het bestaan en was bekend vir baie Afrikane in die opvanggebied lank voordat dit in 1858 deur 'n Europeër waargeneem is, toe die [[Verenigde Koninkryk|Britse]] ontdekkingsreisiger John Hanning Speke sy suidelike oewer bereik het terwyl hy met Richard Francis Burton op reis was om Sentraal-Afrika te verken en die Groot Mere op te spoor. Speke het geglo dat hy die oorsprong van die Nyl gevind het toe hy die 'uitgestrekte oop water' vir die eerste keer gesien het, en het die meer na koningin Victoria vernoem. Burton, wat destyds herstel het van siekte en verder suid op die oewer van die [[Tanganjikameer]] gerus het, was woedend oor Speke se bewering dat hy kon bewys dat sy ontdekking die ware bron van die Nylrivier was, omdat Burton dit as steeds onbevestig beskou het. 'n Baie openbare rusie het ontstaan, wat nie net 'n groot debat in die wetenskaplike gemeenskap van die dag ontlok het nie, maar ook baie belangstelling gekweek het onder ander ontdekkingsreisigers wat Speke se ontdekking wou bevestig of weerlê.
In die laat 1860's het die beroemde Britse [[Ontdekkingsreise|ontdekkingsreisiger]] en [[sendeling]] [[David Livingstone]] misluk in sy poging om die ontdekking van Speke te verifieer. Hy het te ver wes gereis en in plaas daarvan die [[Kongorivier]]stelsel bereik.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.jambokenya.com/jambo/location/victoria.htm |title=Kenya, Africa – Lake Victoria in Kenya |publisher=Jambo Kenya Network |accessdate=14 Julie 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111212634/http://www.jambokenya.com/jambo/location/victoria.htm |archive-date=11 November 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Uiteindelik het die [[Wallis|Wallies]]-Amerikaanse ontdekkingsreisiger [[Henry Morton Stanley]] op 'n ekspedisie wat deur ''New York Herald''-befondsing gefinansier is, die waarheid van Speke se ontdekking bevestig. Hy het om die meer geseil en die groot uitvloei by [[Ripon-waterval]] aan die noordelike oewer van die meer bevestig.
== Nalubaale-dam ==
[[Lêer:From top of Nalubaale Power Station.jpg|duimnael|Die Nalubaale-[[Hidroëlektrisiteit|hidroelektriese]] kragstasie in Njeru, Uganda]]
Die enigste uitvloei uit die Victoriameer is by Jinja, Uganda, waar dit die Victoria-Nyl vorm. Sedert minstens 12 000 jaar gelede het die water oor 'n natuurlike rots gestort. In 1952 het ingenieurs wat vir die regering van Brits-Uganda optree, die dam en reservoir vernietig om dit met 'n kunsmatige damwal te vervang, die vlak van die meer te beheer en die geleidelike erosie van die natuurlike dam en te verminder. 'n Standaard vir die nabootsing van die ou uitvloeitempo genaamd die "ooreengekome kurwe" is opgestel, wat die maksimum vloeitempo op 300 tot 1 700 kubieke meter per sekonde stel, afhangende van die meer se watervlak.
In 2002 het Uganda 'n tweede [[Hidroëlektrisiteit|hidroelektriese]] kompleks in die omgewing voltooi, die Kiira-hidroelektriese kragstasie, met finansiële hulp van die [[Wêreldbank]]. Teen 2006 het die watervlakke in die Victoriameer 'n 80-jaar laagtepunt bereik, en Daniel Kull, 'n onafhanklike hidroloog wat in [[Nairobi]], Kenia, woon, het bereken dat Uganda ongeveer twee keer soveel water vrystel as wat ingevolge die ooreenkoms toegelaat word. Dit was hoofsaaklik verantwoordelik vir die onlangse daling in die vlak van die meer.
== Vervoer ==
Sedert die 1900's was Victoria-veerbote 'n belangrike vervoermiddel tussen Uganda, Tanzanië en Kenia. Die belangrikste hawens op die meer is Kisumu, Mwanza, Bukoba, [[Entebbe]], Port Bell en Jinja. Tot 1963 is die vinnigste en nuutste veerboot, MV ''Victoria'', as 'n koninklike posskip gebruik. In 1966 is treinveerbootdienste tussen Kenia en Tanzanië tot stand gebring met die bekendstelling van MV Uhuru en MV Umoja. Die veerboot MV ''Bukoba'' het op 21 Mei 1996 in die meer gesink met 'n verlies van tussen 800 en 1 000 lewens, wat dit een van Afrika se ergste maritieme rampe maak. Nog 'n tragedie het onlangs op 20 September 2018 plaasgevind toe die passasiersboot MV ''Nyerere'' vanaf [[Tanzanië]] vertrek en gesink het, met meer as 200 sterftes.<ref>{{en}} {{cite web |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Tanzania-ferry-tragedy-Mv-Nyerere-lake-victoria/4552908-4770298-j9es0f/index.html |title=Ferry tragedy: More than 200 feared dead in Tanzania |website=The East African |accessdate=18 Februarie 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218164223/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Tanzania-ferry-tragedy-Mv-Nyerere-lake-victoria/4552908-4770298-j9es0f/index.html |archive-date=18 Februarie 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
==In populêre kultuur==
*Die Victoria-meer, sy oewers en eilande word uitgebeeld in [[Jules Verne]] se roman vyf weke in'n ballon, waar reisigers die meer van Oos na noordwes oorsteek op soek na die bron van die nyl (hoofstukke 18 en 19).
*In Die riller "Vyf Weke In'n Ballon" (1962), Vlieg Professor Ferguson en sy kollegas deur Die Victoria-meer in'n lugballon tydens'n optog van Zanzibar Na Wes-Afrika, na die Volta-rivier.<ref>{{IMDb title |0055988 |Five Weeks in a Balloon}}</ref>
*In Ivan Efremov se historiese roman Aan die Rand van die Oecumene het 'n antieke Egiptiese ekspedisie die land Punt (hedendaagse Somalië) per skip bereik, en van daar af het die reisigers na die Zambezi-rivier en die Victoriameer gestap (Deel 1, "Baurdjed se Reis").<ref>''Ефремов И.А.'' «На краю Ойкумены» — М.: Стройиздат, 1982. — 447 с.</ref><ref>''Ерёмина О. А., Смирнов Н. Н.'' Иван Ефремов. — М.: Молодая гвардия, 2013. — 682 с. — (Жизнь замечательных людей; вы8п. 1440). — ISBN 978-5-235-03658-1</ref>
*In [[Andrei Goesev]] se roman "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017) gaan die hoofkarakters, Andy en Jennifer, op 'n wittebrood van Mombasa na Kisumu, aan die oewers van die Victoriameer, en hou dan vakansie by 'n losieshuis op die Keniaanse eiland Takawiri in die middel van die Victoriameer.<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105203257/http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm |date=5 November 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''“Consummation in Mombasa”''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady’s Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 «Консуммация в Момбасе»] by Andrei Gusev, 2017. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|4}}
== Verdere leesstof ==
* {{en}} Matheson, Alastair: Victoria Nyanza – the story of a lake. Lantern. Tydskrif vir Kennis en Kultuur. Jaargang 8, nr. 4, Junie 1959
* {{de}} {{cite book|author=Tijs Goldschmidt|title=Darwins Traumsee. Nachrichten von meiner Forschungsreise nach Afrika|publisher=C.H. Beck|location=München|year=1997|isbn=3-406-42881-9}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{CommonsKategorie|Lake Victoria|Victoriameer}}
* {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria|title=Lake Victoria|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=2 November 2023}}
* {{en}} [http://www.ugpulse.com/articles/daily/homepage.asp?ID=306 Decreasing levels of Lake Victoria Worry East African Countries]
* {{en}} [https://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925384.100 New Scientist article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013113221/http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=mg18925384.100 |date=13 Oktober 2008 }} on Uganda's violation of the agreed curve for hydroelectric water flow.
* {{en}} [http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1056 Dams Draining Lake Victoria] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310044431/http://internationalrivers.org/en/node/1056 |date=10 Maart 2012 }}
* {{en}} [https://archive.org/details/naturalistonlake00carp ''A Naturalist on Lake Victoria, with an Account of Sleeping Sickness and the Tse-tse Fly''] (1920). T.F. Unwin Ltd, Londen; Biodiversity Archive
* {{en}} [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9VJ6cezlnU Video oor die Victoriameer]
* {{en}} Institutions of the East African Community: [https://web.archive.org/web/20120213132137/http://www.lvfo.org/ Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation]
{{Groot Mere van Afrika}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Groot Mere van Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Mere in Uganda]]
[[Kategorie:Mere in Tanzanië]]
[[Kategorie:Mere in Kenia]]
jguxvuntbth80vyzz8nlhiq0hw1qdws
Andrei Korotajef
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{{Inligtingskas Wetenskaplike
| naam = Andrei Korotajef
| beeld = Rift Valley4.jpg
| beeldbeskrywing = <!-- Vir oormuis-info/ vir siggestremdes; sonder wiki-sintaks -->
| beeldonderskrif = Andrei Korotajef in 2008
| geboortenaam =
| geboortedatum = [[17 Februarie]] [[1961]]
| geboorteplek = [[Moskou]], [[Sowjetunie]]
| sterftedatum =
| sterfteplek =
| plek van graf =
| blyplek =
| burgerskap =
| nasionaliteit = {{vlagland|Rusland}}
| vakgebied = kruis-kulturele studies, wiskundige modellering van sosiale, ekonomiese en historiese dinamika; Islamitiese en pre-Islamitiese geskiedenis
| werkplek = Russiese Akademie vir Wetenskap (Moskou)<br />Nasionale Navorsing Universiteit Hoërskool vir Ekonomie (Moskou)<br />Instituut vir Gevorderde Studie ([[Universiteit van Princeton|Princeton]])<br />Russiese Staat Universiteit vir die Geesteswetenskappe (Moskou)
| alma mater = [[Moskouse Staatsuniversiteit]]
| doktorale promotor =
| akademiese adviseurs =
| doktorale studente =
| ander studente =
| bekend vir = bydraes tot wiskundige modellering van die Wêreldsisteem ontwikkeling en kruis-kulturele studies
| beïnvloed deur = [[Max Weber]], Karl Popper, [[Ibn Khaldun]], Andre Gunder Frank, George Peter Murdock, Heinz von Foerster, Ernest Gellner
| invloed op =
| toekennings = Russiese ''Science Support Foundation Award'' in "Die Beste Ekonome van die Russiese Akademie van Wetenskap" genomineer (2006)<br />Goue Kondratieff-medalje van die ''International N. D. Kondratieff Foundation''
| handtekening =
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}}
'''Andrei Korotajef''' ([[Russies]]: Андрей Витальевич Коротаев, [[17 Februarie]] [[1961]] in [[Moskou]]) is 'n [[Rusland|Russiese]] [[Antropologie|antropoloog]], [[historikus]] en [[ekonoom]]. Hy is die direkteur van die Sentrum van die Moderne Ooste in [[Moskou]]<ref name="ref2008">Милибанд С. Д. ''Востоковеды России: XX – начало XXI в.'' М.: Восточная литература, 2008 ({{ISBN|978-5-02-036365-6}}). Т. 1. С. 694–695.</ref> en [[professor]] aan die [[Moskouse Staatsuniversiteit]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://istina.imec.msu.ru/profile/Korotayev/ |title=Коротаев Андрей Витальевич // Сайт Istina.imec.msu.ru |access-date=23 Oktober 2013 |archive-date=22 Desember 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121222083602/http://istina.imec.msu.ru/profile/Korotayev/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.russia.ru/video/diskurs_11890/ |title=Лозунги революций Востока // Сайт Russia.ru |access-date=23 Oktober 2013 |archive-date= 3 Desember 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203082805/http://www.russia.ru/video/diskurs_11890/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Biografie ==
Korotajef het in [[1984]] met lof aan die [[Moskouse Staatsuniversiteit|Universiteit van Moskou]] gegradueer. Hy het sy veldwerk in [[Jemen]], [[Egipte]], [[Nigerië]], [[Kenia]], [[Tanzanië]], [[Suid-Afrika]], [[Libië]] en [[Indië]] gedoen.
== Bydrae ==
Hy doen hoofsaaklik navorsing in vier gebiede:
[[Lêer:Kondratieff Wave.svg|duimnael|links|Kondratieff-golwe]]
* Die studie van die langtermyn-ontwikkeling van die sosio-politieke stelsels van die Noordoos-Jemen,<ref>Korotayev A. ''Ancient Yemen'', Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1994; Korotayev A. ''Pre-Islamic Yemen'', Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz Verlag, 1995.</ref> en oor die oorsprong van [[Islam]].<ref>Korotayev A., Klimenko V., Proussakov D. [https://www.academia.edu/3510576 Origins of Islam: Political-Anthropological and Environmental Context]. ''Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae''. 53/3–4 (1999): 243–276.</ref> Korotajef het belangrike tendense in die ontwikkeling van die sosiale stelsels van Suider-Arabië ontleed. Hy het ook bevestig dat pre-Islamitiese Arabië uit matrilineale groepe bestaan het.<ref>Were There Any Truly Matrilineal Lineages in the Arabian Peninsula? ''Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies'' 25 (1995): 83-98.</ref>
* Interkulturele studies.<ref>[http://cliodynamics.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=274&Itemid=1 Regions Based on Social Structure: A Reconsideration // Current Anthropology 41/5 (2000): 668–690]; [http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=6102&pc=9 World Religions and Social Evolution of the Old World Oikumene Civilizations: A Cross-cultural Perspective]. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2004; [http://cliodynamics.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=333&Itemid=1 ''Myths and Genes. A Deep Historical Reconstruction''. Moscow: Librokom/URSS, 2011].</ref>
* Die wiskundige modellering van sosiale, ekonomiese en historiese dinamika ("[[Kliodinamika]]").<ref>Korotayev A., Malkov A., Khaltourina D. [http://cliodynamics.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=124&Itemid=70 '''Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Compact Macromodels of the World System Growth'''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706205516/http://jwsr.ucr.edu/archive/vol11/number1/pdf/jwsr-v11n1-korotayev.pdf |date= 6 Julie 2009 }}. Moscow: URSS Publishers, 2006; Korotayev A. V. [http://jwsr.ucr.edu/archive/vol11/number1/pdf/jwsr-v11n1-korotayev.pdf A Compact Macromodel of World System Evolution // Journal of World-Systems Research 11/1 (2005): 79–93.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706205516/http://jwsr.ucr.edu/archive/vol11/number1/pdf/jwsr-v11n1-korotayev.pdf |date=6 Julie 2009 }}</ref>
* Die studie van die langtermyn-ontwikkeling van die wêreldwye ekonomiese dinamika (Kondratieff-golwe). Sy onlangse navorsing oor Kondratieff-golwe in die wêreld-BBP-dinamika het hul teenwoordigheid op 'n aanvaarbare vlak van statistiese betekenisvolheid bevestig.<ref>Ильин И. В. , Мазур И. И., Чумаков А. Н. (Ред.). ''Глобалистика. Энциклопедический справочник''. М.: Альфа-М, 2012. С. 106; Korotayev, Andrey V., & Tsirel, Sergey V.(2010). [http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9jv108xp A Spectral Analysis of World GDP Dynamics: Kondratieff Waves, Kuznets Swings, Juglar and Kitchin Cycles in Global Economic Development, and the 2008–2009 Economic Crisis]. ''Structure and Dynamics''. Vol.4. #1. P.3-57.</ref>
* Hy is ook bekend vir sy bydraes tot die teorie van sosiale evolusie.<ref>[http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=6102&pc=9 ''World Religions and Social Evolution of the Old World Oikumene Civilizations: A Cross-cultural Perspective'']. N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 2004.</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
* [http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319177793 '''Great Divergence and Great Convergence. A Global Perspective''']
* [http://intersci.ss.uci.edu/wiki/index.php/Andrey_Korotayev Article on Andrey Korotayev at InterSci Complexity wiki (with a full list of his publications)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719192138/http://intersci.ss.uci.edu/wiki/index.php/Andrey_Korotayev |date=19 Julie 2009 }}
* [http://cliodynamics.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=124&Itemid=70 '''Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Compact Macromodels of the World System Growth''']
* [http://intersci.ss.uci.edu/wiki/index.php/Introduction_to_Social_Macrodynamics:_Secular_Cycles_and_Millennial_Trends Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Secular Cycles and Millennial Trends at InterSci Complexity wiki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725233438/http://intersci.ss.uci.edu/wiki/index.php/Introduction_to_Social_Macrodynamics:_Secular_Cycles_and_Millennial_Trends |date=25 Julie 2011 }}
* [http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?aid=5560&pc=10 Mellen Press' Information on Andrey Korotayev]
* [http://cliodynamics.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=187&Itemid=1 Reconsidering Weber: Literacy and the Spirit of Capitalism]
* [http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9c96x0p1 Secular Cycles and Millennial Trends]
* [http://cliodynamics.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=165&Itemid=70 Secular Cycles and Millennial Trends in Egypt]
* [http://www.openhistory.net/files/Introduction.doc Introductory Chapter of Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Secular Cycles and Millennial Trends] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925060915/http://www.openhistory.net/files/Introduction.doc |date=25 September 2009 }} (Moscow, URSS, 2006)
* [http://www.openhistory.net/files/ISMWSChapter3.doc Chapter 3: "A Compact Macromodel of World Economic and Demographic Growth" of ''Introduction to Social Macrodynamics: Compact Macromodels of the World System Growth''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928065859/http://www.openhistory.net/files/ISMWSChapter3.doc |date=28 September 2007 }}(Moscow, URSS, 2006)
* [http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/9jv108xp A Spectral Analysis of World GDP Dynamics: Kondratieff Waves, Kuznets Swings, Juglar and Kitchin Cycles in Global Economic Development, and the 2008–2009 Economic Crisis]. ''Structure and Dynamics''. 2010. Vol.4. #1. P.3-57 (with Sergey Tsirel).
* [http://www.socionauki.ru/authors/korotayev_a/ Andrey V. Korotayev]
{{Normdata}}
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[[Kategorie:Regsgeleerdes]]
[[Kategorie:Sosioloë]]
[[Kategorie:Filosowe]]
[[Kategorie:Geskiedkundiges]]
[[Kategorie:Russiese wetenskaplikes]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1961]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
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St. Francisbaai
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{{Inligtingskas Suid-Afrikaanse dorp
| naam = {{nowrap|St. Francisbaai}}
| ander_naam = <small>''St Francis Bay''</small>
| inheemse_naam =
| nedersetting_tipe = [[Dorp]]
| beeld_stadsilhoeët = Luchtfoto St Francisbaai.jpg
| beeldbyskrif = Uitsig oor "Die Baai" na die weste
| bynaam =
| slagspreuk =
| beeld_kaart =
| duimdrukkeretiketposisie=bokant
| latd = 34 |latm = 09 |lats = 39
| longd = 24 |longm = 49 |longs = 34
| provinsie = Oos-Kaap
| distrik = Sarah Baartman
| munisipaliteit = Kouga
| stigtingsdatum =
| regeringvoetnotas =
| regeringstipe = <!-- Wyknommer -->
| leier_party =
| leiertitel = <!-- Raadslid -->
| leiernaam =
| oppervlakvoetnotas =
| oppervlak_totaal_km2 =
| hoogte_m =
| bevolking_totaal =
| bevolking_soos_op = 2011
| bevolkingnota =
<!-- demografie (deel 1) -->
| demografie1_voetnotas =
| persent_swart = 51.2%
| persent_kleurling = 21.7%
| persent_wit = 26.1%
| persent_asiër = 0.2%
| persent_ander = 0.8%
<!-- demografie (deel 2) -->
| demografie2_voetnotas =
| demografie2_titel1 = [[Xhosa]]
| demografie2_info1 = 39.4%
| demografie2_titel2 = [[Afrikaans]]
| demografie2_info2 = 32.7%
| demografie2_titel3 = [[Engels]]
| demografie2_info3 = 21.7%
| demografie2_titel4 = [[Zoeloe]]
| demografie2_info4 = 1.2%
| demografie2_titel5 = Ander
| demografie2_info5 = 4.9%
| poskode = 6312
| poskode2 = 6312
| skakelkode = 0042
| sensuskode = 268011
| webwerf =
}}
'''St. Francisbaai''' is 'n vakansiedorp aan die [[Indiese Oseaan]] in die [[Oos-Kaap]], [[Suid-Afrika]]. Die dorp is in drie dele verdeel: "Die Kaap", "Die Baai", en "Die Poort". Die [[Kromrivier]] mond langs die dorp uit, en die Sandrivier se lopie kronkel deur die duinveld van die reservaat.
== Geskiedenis ==
Die dorp het sy naam gekry toe die Portugese ontdekkingsreisiger Manuel de Perestrelo in [[1575]] hier anker geweeg het. Hy was deur die plaaslike natuurskoon aangedaan, en noem die plek toe "''Bahia de Sao Francisca''" na die beskermheilige van diere, die omgewing en handelaars, [[Franciskus van Assisi]].<ref name="southafrica" /><ref name="stfrancistourism" />
In 1954, het Leighton Hulett die plaas Goedgeloof (naby die vissersdorpie wat op hierdie stadium St Francis was) vir £1 750 gekoop en het saam met sy jong gesin uit KwaZulu-Natal hierheen verhuis.<ref name="stfrancistourism" /> Die grond was hard en nie vir boerdery geskik nie, sodat hy in 1958, om hul inkomste aan te vul, 'n rudimentêre visvangkamp vir besoekers gestig het. Met verloop van tyd het nog verskeie mense, hoofsaaklik van Port Elizabeth en Uitenhage, grond by Hulett gekoop en vakansiehuise gebou. Nadat hy 'n huis en erf in die dorpie vir 'n verdere 179 hektaar moerasagtige grond langs die Krommerivier verruil het, het hy 'n kanaalstelsel uitgebagger, wat St Francis die eerste marina in Suider-Afrika maak. Hy het streng boukodes vir die ontwerp van die vakansiehuise afgedwing. In 1976, toe die Humansdorp Afdelingsraad die beherende gesag geword het, het hulle hierdie beheermaatreëls in die plaaslike verordeninge verskans.<ref name="stfrancistourism" />
Die dorpie is in 1965 stewig op die internasionale branderplankry-kaart geplaas toe 'n Kanadese rolprentvervaardiger, Bruce Brown, sy fliek, ''Endless Summer'', oor die golwe aan die dorp se kus vrygestel het. Gevolglik was daar 'n toestroming van branderplankryers van regoor die wêreld om op die bekende branders te ry en vandag is St Francis, saam met [[Jeffreysbaai]], die hoogtepunt van enige Afrika-“surfari”.<ref name="stfrancistourism" />
=== St. Francispoort ===
Tot in die 1990's was hierdie land onaangeraak en het slegs uit 'n rotsagtige kuslyn en duine bedek deur natuurlike plantegroei bestaan, soos die res van St Francis slegs ses dekades vroeër.<ref name="portstfrancis" /> In 1995 is 'n kommersiële hawe en geriewe by St. Francispoort gebou.<ref name="southafrica" /> Hierdie hawe dien as 'n belangrike bedryfspunt vir [[tjokka]] (calamari) en langlynvisserye.<ref name="portstfrancis" /> Visvangbedrywighede het toegeneem, en uiteindelik het die behoefte aan 'n hawe duidelik geword, wat dan deur die destydse burgemeester, Jean Chaput, aangevoer is.<ref name="portstfrancis" />
=== St. Franciskaap ===
In 1878 is 'n vuurtoring hier gebou om skepe en vaartuie van die verraderlike rif rondom die punt te waarsku. Die vuurtoring is 27,5 m hoog en is die hoogste messeltoring aan die Suid-Afrikaanse kus. Vandag is dit 'n [[Nasionale Monument]]. Daar is 'n natuurreservaat wat van St. Francispoort tot aan die "Die Kaap" strek.
== Sien ook ==
* [[Lys van dorpe in Suid-Afrika]]
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|verwysings=
<ref name="southafrica">https://southafrica.co.za/history-st-francis-bay.html</ref>
<ref name="stfrancistourism">http://www.stfrancistourism.co.za/area/st-francis-bay</ref>
<ref name="portstfrancis">https://portstfrancis.org/history-port-st-francis/</ref>
}}
== Bronne ==
* [[Op Pad in Suid-Afrika]]. [[B.P.J. Erasmus]]. 1995. {{ISBN|1-86842-026-4}}
== Eksterne Skakels ==
* [http://www.stfrancisbay.co.za/ St Francisbaai webtuiste]
{{Oos-Kaap saadjie}}
{{Suid-Afrikaanse distriksmunisipaliteit navbox|DC10}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Nedersettings in die Oos-Kaap]]
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{{Inligtingskas Suid-Afrikaanse dorp
| naam = {{nowrap|St. Francisbaai}}
| ander_naam = <small>''St Francis Bay''</small>
| inheemse_naam =
| nedersetting_tipe = [[Dorp]]
| beeld_stadsilhoeët = Luchtfoto St Francisbaai.jpg
| beeldbyskrif = Uitsig oor "Die Baai" na die weste
| bynaam =
| slagspreuk =
| beeld_kaart =
| duimdrukkeretiketposisie=bokant
| latd = 34 |latm = 09 |lats = 39
| longd = 24 |longm = 49 |longs = 34
| provinsie = Oos-Kaap
| distrik = Sarah Baartman
| munisipaliteit = Kouga
| stigtingsdatum =
| regeringvoetnotas =
| regeringstipe = <!-- Wyknommer -->
| leier_party =
| leiertitel = <!-- Raadslid -->
| leiernaam =
| oppervlakvoetnotas =
| oppervlak_totaal_km2 =
| hoogte_m =
| bevolking_totaal =
| bevolking_soos_op = 2011
| bevolkingnota =
<!-- demografie (deel 1) -->
| demografie1_voetnotas =
| persent_swart = 51.2%
| persent_kleurling = 21.7%
| persent_wit = 26.1%
| persent_asiër = 0.2%
| persent_ander = 0.8%
<!-- demografie (deel 2) -->
| demografie2_voetnotas =
| demografie2_titel1 = [[Xhosa]]
| demografie2_info1 = 39.4%
| demografie2_titel2 = [[Afrikaans]]
| demografie2_info2 = 32.7%
| demografie2_titel3 = [[Engels]]
| demografie2_info3 = 21.7%
| demografie2_titel4 = [[Zoeloe]]
| demografie2_info4 = 1.2%
| demografie2_titel5 = Ander
| demografie2_info5 = 4.9%
| poskode = 6312
| poskode2 = 6312
| skakelkode = 0042
| sensuskode = 268011
| webwerf =
}}
'''St. Francisbaai''' is 'n vakansiedorp aan die [[Indiese Oseaan]] in die [[Oos-Kaap]], [[Suid-Afrika]]. Die dorp is in drie dele verdeel: "Die Kaap", "Die Baai", en "Die Poort". Die [[Kromrivier]] mond langs die dorp uit, en die Sandrivier se lopie kronkel deur die duinveld van die reservaat.
== Geskiedenis ==
Die dorp het sy naam gekry toe die Portugese ontdekkingsreisiger Manuel de Perestrelo in [[1575]] hier anker geweeg het. Hy was deur die plaaslike natuurskoon aangedaan, en noem die plek toe "''Bahia de Sao Francisca''" na die beskermheilige van diere, die omgewing en handelaars, [[Franciskus van Assisi]].<ref name="southafrica" /><ref name="stfrancistourism" />
In 1954, het Leighton Hulett die plaas Goedgeloof (naby die vissersdorpie wat op hierdie stadium St Francis was) vir £1 750 gekoop en het saam met sy jong gesin uit KwaZulu-Natal hierheen verhuis.<ref name="stfrancistourism" /> Die grond was hard en nie vir boerdery geskik nie, sodat hy in 1958, om hul inkomste aan te vul, 'n rudimentêre visvangkamp vir besoekers gestig het. Met verloop van tyd het nog verskeie mense, hoofsaaklik van Port Elizabeth en Uitenhage, grond by Hulett gekoop en vakansiehuise gebou. Nadat hy 'n huis en erf in die dorpie vir 'n verdere 179 hektaar moerasagtige grond langs die Krommerivier verruil het, het hy 'n kanaalstelsel uitgebagger, wat St Francis die eerste marina in Suider-Afrika maak. Hy het streng boukodes vir die ontwerp van die vakansiehuise afgedwing. In 1976, toe die Humansdorp Afdelingsraad die beherende gesag geword het, het hulle hierdie beheermaatreëls in die plaaslike verordeninge verskans.<ref name="stfrancistourism" />
Die dorpie is in 1965 stewig op die internasionale branderplankry-kaart geplaas toe 'n Kanadese rolprentvervaardiger, Bruce Brown, sy fliek, ''Endless Summer'', oor die golwe aan die dorp se kus vrygestel het. Gevolglik was daar 'n toestroming van branderplankryers van regoor die wêreld om op die bekende branders te ry en vandag is St Francis, saam met [[Jeffreysbaai]], die hoogtepunt van enige Afrika-“surfari”.<ref name="stfrancistourism" />
=== St. Francispoort ===
Tot in die 1990's was hierdie land onaangeraak en het slegs uit 'n rotsagtige kuslyn en duine bedek deur natuurlike plantegroei bestaan, soos die res van St Francis slegs ses dekades vroeër.<ref name="portstfrancis" /> In 1995 is 'n kommersiële hawe en geriewe by St. Francispoort gebou.<ref name="southafrica" /> Hierdie hawe dien as 'n belangrike bedryfspunt vir [[tjokka]] (calamari) en langlynvisserye.<ref name="portstfrancis" /> Visvangbedrywighede het toegeneem, en uiteindelik het die behoefte aan 'n hawe duidelik geword, wat dan deur die destydse burgemeester, Jean Chaput, aangevoer is.<ref name="portstfrancis" />
=== St. Franciskaap ===
In 1878 is 'n vuurtoring hier gebou om skepe en vaartuie van die verraderlike rif rondom die punt te waarsku. Die vuurtoring is 27,5 m hoog en is die hoogste messeltoring aan die Suid-Afrikaanse kus. Vandag is dit 'n [[Suid-Afrikaanse Erfenishulpbronagentskap|nasionale gedenkwaardigheid]]. Daar is 'n natuurreservaat wat van St. Francispoort tot aan die "Die Kaap" strek.
== Sien ook ==
* [[Lys van dorpe in Suid-Afrika]]
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|verwysings=
<ref name="southafrica">https://southafrica.co.za/history-st-francis-bay.html</ref>
<ref name="stfrancistourism">http://www.stfrancistourism.co.za/area/st-francis-bay</ref>
<ref name="portstfrancis">https://portstfrancis.org/history-port-st-francis/</ref>
}}
== Bronne ==
* [[Op Pad in Suid-Afrika]]. [[B.P.J. Erasmus]]. 1995. {{ISBN|1-86842-026-4}}
== Eksterne Skakels ==
* [http://www.stfrancisbay.co.za/ St Francisbaai webtuiste]
{{Oos-Kaap saadjie}}
{{Suid-Afrikaanse distriksmunisipaliteit navbox|DC10}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Nedersettings in die Oos-Kaap]]
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Langtone
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{{Taksoboks
| name = Langtone
| image = Irediparra gallinacea1.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = ''[[Irediparra gallinacea]]''
| domain = [[Eukaryota]]
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Aves]]
| ordo = [[Charadriiformes]]
| familia = '''Jacanidae'''
| familia_authority = [[Leonhard Hess Stejneger|Stejneger]], 1885
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
Sien teks.
}}
Die '''langtone''' (''Jacanidae'') is 'n [[familie (biologie)|familie]] van tropiese [[voël|watervoëls]] wat aan die orde van [[steltloperagtiges]] (''Charadriiformes'') behoort. Die familie omvat 8 [[spesie]]s.<ref>[http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ Gill, F., Wright, M. & Donsker, D. (2010). IOC World Bird Names (weergawe 2.6). {{en}}]</ref>
Hierdie voëls word gekenmerk deur hulle pote met besonder lang tone. Dit stel hulle in staat om maklik oor drywende waterplante te loop. Die wyfies is groter as die mannetjies, maar verder is daar nie regtig uiterlike verskille tussen die geslagte nie.
Langtone bou (net soos [[dobbertjies]]) drywende [[nes]]te wat gewoonlik aan 'n nabygeleë [[plant]] geanker is sodat dit nie kan wegdryf nie.
Daar is 2 spesies in [[Suider-Afrika]] wat by strandmere en stil binnelandse waters aangetref word. 'n Eienaardige kenmerk van die voëls is dat hulle hul eiers onder hul vlerke uitbroei en soms ook hul kuikens onder die vlerke ronddra.
== Bou ==
Langtone (familie Jacanidae) is klein watervoëls wat aan onder meer hul besonder lang tone uitgeken kan word. In Suider-Afrika word 2 spesies aangetref, naamlik die [[grootlangtoon]] (''Actophilornis africanus'') en die [[dwerglangtoon]] (''Microparra eapensis''). Die gewone langtoon is sowat 30 cm lank en sy algemene kleur is [[kastaiingbruin]]. Hy het 'n goudgeel vlek op die bors, die voorkant van die nek is wit en die agterkant swart.
Die voorkop het 'n blouerige skynsel. Die dwerglangtoon is egter heelwat kleiner en minder opvallend. Hy word net sowat 15 cm lank en sy algemene kleur is ligter as die van die gewone langtoon. Die keel, bors en pens is witterig. By albei spesies lyk die geslagte eenders.
== Gedrag ==
Langtone kom by strandmere en stil binnelandse waters met baie plantegroei voor. Hulle lang tone stel hul in staat om vinnig oor waterlelies en ander drywende plante te hardloop op soek na waterinsekte en sade.
Met sy lang tone versprei die voël sy massa oor 'n groot oppervlakte lelieblare, wat verhoed dat die blare onder hom sink. Hulle loop ongemaklik op land, maar is kragtige vlieërs en kan selfs swem en duik. Wanneer hulle verveer, verloor hulle egter al hul slagvere tegelykertyd en kan dan vir 'n ruk nie vlieg nie. Buite die broeityd word gewone langtone soms in groot swerms aangetref.
Langtone het 'n eienaardige broeigedrag:<br/>
Die nes word van plantmateriaal gemaak en is drywend. Mannetjies sowel as wyfies help met die broeiery deur die eiers met die snawel onder die vlerke in te stoot en daar vas te knyp. Die kuikens word soms ook onder die vlerke rondgedra. Die eiers is besonder mooi: hulle is peervormig en grondkleurig met baie swart kolle en krulle, en blink asof hulle opgevryf is.
== Taksonomie ==
Die langtone word in die volgende [[genera]] onderverdeel:
* ''[[Microparra]]''
* ''[[Actophilornis]]''
* ''[[Irediparra]]''
* ''[[Hydrophasianus]]''
* ''[[Metopidius]]''
* ''[[Jacana (genus)|Jacana]]''
== Sien ook ==
* [[Alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse voëls]]
* [[Lys van Suid-Afrikaanse voëls (gegroepeer)]]
* [[Lys van Suider-Afrikaanse voëls volgens wetenskaplike name]]
== Verwysings ==
* [[Wêreldspektrum]], 1982, {{ISBN|0908409575}} band
{{Verwysings}}
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Langtone| ]]
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Tomoaki Makino
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Explicit
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{{Inligtingskas Sokkerspeler
| name = Tomoaki Makino<br />槙野 智章
| image = [[Lêer:槙野智章選手(浦和レッズ).jpg|250px]]
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Geboortedatum en ouderdom|1987|5|11}}
| birth_place = Nishi-ku, [[Hirosjima]], [[Japan]]
| height = 1,82 m<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |title=2018 FIFA World Cup Russia – List of Players |website=FIFA.com |publisher=Fédération Internationale de Football Association |format=PDF |date=4 Junie 2018 |accessdate=19 Junie 2018 |archive-date=19 Junie 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619164139/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWC/2018/pdf/FWC_2018_SQUADLISTS.PDF |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| position = Senter agter
| currentclub = [[Urawa Red Diamonds]]
| clubnumber = 5
| youthyears1 = 2000–2005 | youthclubs1 = [[Sanfrecce Hiroshima]] Jeug
| years1 = 2006–2010 | clubs1 = [[Sanfrecce Hiroshima]] | caps1 = 127 | goals1 = 20
| years2 = 2010–2012 | clubs2 = [[1. FC Keulen]] | caps2 = 8 | goals2 = 0
| years3 = 2012 | clubs3 = → [[1. FC Keulen|1. FC Keulen II]] (leen) | caps3 = 1 | goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2012 | clubs4 = → [[Urawa Red Diamonds]] (leen) | caps4 = 33 | goals4 = 6
| years5 = 2013–2021
| clubs5 = [[Urawa Red Diamonds]]
| caps5 = 285
| goals5 = 26
| years6 = 2022
| clubs6 = [[Vissel Kobe]]
| caps6 = 16
| goals6 = 1
| nationalyears1 = 2005–2007
| nationalteam1 = Japan o/20
| nationalcaps1 = 9
| nationalgoals1 = 1
| nationalyears2 = 2009–2019
| nationalteam2 = [[Japannese nasionale sokkerspan|Japan]]
| nationalcaps2 = 38
| nationalgoals2 = 4
| manageryears1 = 2023
| managerclubs1 = Shinagawa CC Second
| manageryears2 = 2024–2025
| managerclubs2 = Shinagawa CC Yokohama
| manageryears3 = 2026–
| managerclubs3 = [[Fujieda MYFC]]
| club-update = 24 Desember 2022
| nationalteam-update = 17 Januarie 2019
}}
'''Tomoaki Makino''' (gebore [[11 Mei]] [[1987]]) is ’n professionele [[Japan]]nese [[Sokker|sokkerafrigter]] en voormalige -speler wat as ’n sentrale verdediger gespeel het. Hy het die [[Japannese nasionale sokkerspan]] tot 2019 verteenwoordig.
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{Commons-kategorie inlyn}}
* [http://www.japannationalfootballteam.com/en/players/makino_tomoaki.html Japan National Football Team Database]
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Makino, Tomoaki}}
[[Kategorie:Japannese sokkerspelers]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1987]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
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Biefstuk
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[[Lêer:Rump steak.jpg|duimnael|200px|'n Stuk kruisskyf lê op die braaier.]]
'''Biefstuk''' word as 'n spesiale snit van [[beesvleis]] beskou, en word uit die agterkwart se rugstring of die boonste deel van die boud van 'n jong bees gesny. Dié snit is 'n lekkerny op enige spyskaart, omrede die vleis van hierdie deel baie sagter en smaakliker is as byvoorbeeld snitte uit die voorkwart, nek of [[been|bene]], wat meer vir potkook gebruik word.
Dit word dikwels ook '''steak''' genoem, hoewel dié term vir die vleis van ander diere soos [[vark]], [[volstruis]], [[seekat]], wild, [[perd]]e, [[bok]]ke, [[kangaroe]]s<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exoticmeatsandmore.com/kangaroo.aspx|title=Exotic Meats USA - Kangaroo|access-date=15 Desember 2018|archive-date=27 Januarie 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127051932/http://exoticmeatsandmore.com/kangaroo.aspx|url-status=dead}} Besoek op 23 Desember 2014</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-23086541|title=Eating Skippy: Why Australia has a problem with kangaroo meat|publisher=BBC News}} Besoek op 23 Desember 2014</ref> en [[haai]]e gebruik kan word.
Die meeste mense vind biefstuk heerlik en is bereid om meer daarvoor te betaal by hulle slagter as vir ander swakker snitte van die bees. Dit word in [[Suid-Afrika]] dikwels oor ’n [[braaivleis]]vuur gebraai,<ref name=janbraai>Jan Braai, Eat Out, 8 Oktober 2012. [http://www.eatout.co.za/article/jan-braai-on-how-to-braai-the-perfect-steak/ Jan Braai on how to braai the perfect steak]{{Dooie skakel|date=Augustus 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Besoek op 15 Desember 2018</ref> of andersins in ’n pan. Dit kan ook in ’n geurige sous gekook word as ’n kasserol of bredie of in ’n [[Potjiekos|potjie]],<ref>Steak en stout potjie by [http://www.beeftalk.co.za/4133-2/ Beef Talk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808134600/http://www.beeftalk.co.za/4133-2/ |date= 8 Augustus 2017 }}. Besoek op 15 Desember 2018</ref><ref>Beef and beer potjie by [http://www.potjiekosworld.com/beef-potjie-recipes/beef-beer-potjie/ Potjiekos World]. Besoek op 15 Desember 2018</ref> of as [[maalvleis]] in geregte soos [[bobotie]], [[lasagne]], [[frikkadel]]le en [[hamburger]]s.
==Gaarmaak==
[[Beeld:London broil.jpg|duimnael|200px|''London broil'' is ’n [[Noord-Amerika]]anse gereg wat van biefstuk gemaak word en in repies gesny word.]]
Biefstuk word gewoonlik gebraai of gerooster. Dit kan by verskillende temperature of vir verskillende tye gaargemaak word vir steaks wat van "rou" tot "baie gaar" wissel. Die mees algemene kenmerk van ’n rou steak is dat dit in die middel sag, koel en rooi is, met die buitekant wat bruin geskroei is. Steaks wat goed gaar is, is regdeur bruin. Biefstuk kan ook rou voorgesit word, soos in ’n [[steak tartare]].
Van die verskillende snitte biefstuk wat verkrygbaar is, is riboogsteak, lendeskyf, beeshaas, kruisskyf, bolendeskyf en T-beenskyf.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bodnant |first1=Carly |title=Steak Cooking Times |url=http://www.bodnant-welshfood.co.uk/steak-cooking-times |website=bodnant-welshfood |access-date=8 November 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305045632/http://www.bodnant-welshfood.co.uk/steak-cooking-times |archive-date=5 Maart 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Snitte verskil egter van land tot land omdat die karkas op verskillende maniere opgesny word. ’n Steak in een land is dus nie noodwendig dieselfde as in ’n ander land nie, al is die resep dalk dieselfde.<ref name=BBC>{{cite book|last1=Beck|first1=Simone|last2=Bertholle|first2=Louisette|last3=Child|first3=Julia|title=Mastering the Art of French Cooking|date=1961|publisher=Penguin Books|location=Middlesex, England|pages=315–317|ref=B002A56I5E}}</ref>
==Die eet van biefstuk==
Steak is ’n gewilde gereg in baie wêrelddele en word in [[restaurant]]e sowel as tuis gaargemaak. Dit is dikwels die hoofitem op ’n spyskaart. Dit word soms in klein hoeveelhede in ’n voorgereg gebruik, maar meer dikwels in ’n groter hoeveelheid as ’n hoofgereg. Steak en eiers is ook dikwels ’n gewilde gereg vir [[ontbyt]], veral vir mense wat hard werk buite, soos boere.<ref name="O'Connor">{{cite book|last1=O'Conner|first1=Elizabeth|title=Steak for breakfast|date=1958|publisher=Sydney, NSW: Angus & Robertson|ref=B0000CJZG3}}</ref>
’n Steakrestaurant ([[Engels]]: ''steakhouse'') is ’n restaurant wat spesialiseer in biefstuk en ander individuele porsies vleis. Kliënte wat in ’n restaurant eet, sê gewoonlik vir die kelner hoe hulle hul steak gaargemaak wil hê en gebruik terme soos "rou", "mediumgaar tot rou", "mediumgaar", "medium- tot goed gaar" en "goed gaar".
’n Steakmes is ’n mes wat spesiaal ontwerp is om steak mee te eet; dit is skerper as ander messe en het ’n getande snykant.
==Souse en smaakmiddels==
[[Beeld:Steak au poivre (2010).jpg|duimnael|200px|''Steak au poivre'', berei met filet mignon en ’n peperkorrelsous.]]
Klassieke souse en smaakmiddels by biefstuk sluit in:
* Béarnaise-sous
* Café de Paris-sous
* Peper- of peperkorrelsous
* Kaassous
* Botters soos pietersielie-, knoffel- of slakbotter
* Demi-glace, ’n ryk bruin sous vir Franse geregte
* [[Mosterd]]
* Vars [[roosmaryn]]
* [[Sout]] en [[peper]]
* Sous Nivernaise
* [[Witwyn]]sous
* Pangebraaide [[sampioen]]e<ref>{{cite book | last=Tramonto | first=R. | last2=Goodbody | first2=M. | last3=Fink | first3=B. | title=Steak with Friends: At Home, with Rick Tramonto | publisher=Andrews McMeel Publishing | year=2010 | isbn=978-0-7407-9257-1 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x3Y3lfZbihYC&pg=PA244 | page=244}}</ref>
* [[Worcestersous]]
Kommersieel vervaardigde, gebottelde souse met voorafgemengde [[spesery]]e is ook gewild.
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
{{en-vertaal|Steak}}
[[Kategorie:Braai]]
[[Kategorie:Vleis]]
[[Kategorie:Visgeregte]]
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__NOTOC__
[[Lêer:Perde by Glen Reenenkamp, Golden Gate NP (1).jpg|duimnael|Perde by Golden Gate NP]]
[[Lêer:Chamaeleo dilepis, Pietersburg, Kellermann, a.jpg|duimnael|160px|Chamaeleo dilepis, Pietersburg]]
[[Lêer:20090726 Birds on stick Shanghai Qibao Imgp1996.jpg|duimnael|Kwartels op 'n stokkie in Sjanghai]]
* [https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesiaal:ContentTranslation#suggestions ContentTranslator]
* vir beter uitleg van kolomme, <nowiki>{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}, sluit met {{Div col end}}</nowiki>
* Gebruik vir F1 <nowiki>
{{BeginKolomme}}
{{NuweKolom}}
{{EindeKolomme}}</nowiki>
* <nowiki><gallery style="text-align:center;" mode="packed" heights="170" perrow="3" caption="Eerste generasie">prent/prent/prent. sluit met </gallery></nowiki>
* [https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames#page/n57/mode/2up Raper, Peter: Dictionary of SA Place Names]
* [https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Category:UTC_South_African_town_arms Suid-Afrikaanse dorpswapens]
* [[Taalkundige_geslag#Foutiewe_vervrouliking_in_Afrikaans]]
;Volgorde van hofies in artikels
*Sien ook → Verwysings → Bronne → Eksterne skakels → Verdere leesstof → navigeerkassies → vertalingnotas → Normdata → dan kategorieë heel onder.
==Voorbladartikels==
* [[Wikipedia:Voorbladartikels 2026]] -- > vervoerband
* [[Wikipedia:Kandidaatartikels vir voorblad]]
---------------------
* [[David Coulthard]] (voltooi 72k grepe en gekies vir Voorbladartikel week 29 2026)
* [[Rubens Barrichello]] (voltooi, reeds 94k grepe; en gekies vir voorblad 9/6/25)
* [[Nelson Piquet]] (gereed met F1 uitslae, reeds 30k grepe; gekies vir voorblad week 23 van 2026)
* [[Max Verstappen]] (volledig voltooi 188k grepe en reeds gekies vir voorblad 14/10/25)
* [[Charles Leclerc]] (F1 geskiedenis voltooi, 138k grepe) gekies vir voorblad week 15 van 2027
* [[Damon Hill]] ('''F1 uitslae''' voltooi, reeds 55k grepe; gekies vir voorblad week 42 van 2027)
* [[Lando Norris]] Nou gereed, teks en uitslae is uitgebrei
* [[Oscar Piastri]] sedert 2024 se teks moet uitgebrei word
--------------los eers--------
* [[Mika Häkkinen]] (skraps, maar '''F1 uitslae''' voltooi)
* [[Alain Prost]] (? onvoltooid, 15k grepe)
* [[Jarno Trulli]] (? onvoltooid, leeg=one liner)
* [[Riccardo Patrese]] (? onvoltooid, dun 2758 grepe,,,inligtingskas bygevoeg 19 Okt)
==Op my tafel==
* [[:en:Panama City, Florida]]
* [[:en:Frito-Lay Inc.]] Frito's en Lay's
* [[:en:International Falls, Minnesota]]
* [[:en:Isuzu]]
* [[:en:Volvo]]
* [[:en:Punjab, Pakistan]]
* [[:en:Inkwazi]] (Pres Ramaphosa se BBJ)
== My Lughaweprojek ==
* [[:en:Aircraft ground handling]]
* [[:en:Ground support equipment]]
------------------------------------------
=== Amerika ===
* [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012/Lughawens in die VSA|Kaart van groot lughawens in die VSA]]
* [[:en:Falls International Airport]], Minnesota
=== Res vd wêreld ===
* [[:en:Kotoka International Airport]], Ghana
* [[:en:Lyden Pindling International Airport]], Bahamas
* [[:en:Murtala Muhammed International Airport]], Nigerië
* [[:en:Clayton J. Lloyd International Airport]], Wes-Indies
* [[:en:Pointe-à-Pitre International Airport]], [[Guadeloupe]]
==Natuurreservate==
* [[:en:Ngorongoro Conservation Area]]
==Vliegtuie==
* [[:en:Antonov An-124 Ruslan]] -- Die wêreld se grootste vragvliegtuig
* [[:en:Beechcraft Bonanza]]
* [[:en:Rolls-Royce Trent 900]] -- soos gebruik op [[Airbus A380]]
* [[:en:Airbus A220]]
* [[:en:Bell 427]]
* [[:en:Boeing C-135 Stratolifter]]
* [[:en:Douglas C-124 Globemaster II]]
* [[:en:Hughes Helicopters]]
* [[:en:McDonnell Douglas]]
* [[:en:Ilyushin Il-96]]
* [[:en:Chengdu J-20]]
* [[:en:Yakovlev Yak-42]]
------------------------------
* [[:en:Boeing Defense, Space & Security]]
* [[:en:Royal Canadian Airforce]]
* [[:en:Wide-body aircraft]]
* [[:en:Business jet]]
==SA Oorlogskepe==
* [[:en:SAS Drakensberg]]
* [[:en:SAS Spioenkop]]
* [[:en:SAS Umkhonto]]
* [[:en:SAS Assegaai]]
==Plekhouer==
* [https://wikimania2018.wikimedia.org/wiki/Program/Africa%27s_Wikipedias Video van Wikimania 2018] - Gert praat vanaf 24:15
* daai gereelde storie op ceb:wp oor geografie en reënvalsyfers, te vinde by [[Ysterberg]] of [[Tzaneen-lughawe]].
* [[:en:Mild hybrid]] (my Mercedes)
* [[:en:Age of Discovery]]...leeswerk
* Megamelus scutellaris (biologiese vyand van waterhiasint)
* Bushriver Lodge is by {{koördinate|-24.22733|30.81857|aansig=inlyn}}
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Abiogenese
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[[Lêer:Champagne vent white smokers.jpg|duimnael| Die vroegste bekende lewensvorme is gefossileerde mikroörganismes, gevind in hidrotermiese ventilasie-neerslae, wat moontlik so vroeg as 4,28 miljard jaar gelede geleef het, relatief kort na die vorming van die oseane 4,41 miljard jaar gelede, en nie lank na die vorming van die Aarde 4,54 miljard jaar gelede.{{R|NAT-20170301|NYT-20170301}}]]
:''Moet nie met [[Biogenese]] verwar word nie.''
In [[biologie]] is '''abiogenese''' of '''die oorsprong van lewe'''{{sfn|Oparin|1938}}{{R|Pereto}} die natuurlike proses waardeur lewe, soos eenvoudige [[organiese verbinding]]s, uit nie-lewende materie ontstaan het.{{sfn|Oparin|1938|p=vi}}{{R|Pereto|Warmflash}}{{sfn|Yarus|2010|p=47}} Alhoewel die besonderhede van hierdie proses nog onbekend is, is die heersende wetenskaplike hipotese dat die oorgang van nie-lewende na lewende entiteite nie 'n enkele gebeurtenis was nie, maar 'n evolusionêre proses van toenemende kompleksiteit wat molekulêre selfreplikasie, selfsamestelling, outokatalise, en die opkoms van selmembrane behels het.{{R|Witzany|AB-20141208}} Alhoewel die voorkoms van abiogenese nie omstrede is onder wetenskaplikes nie, word die moontlike meganismes daarvan swak verstaan. Daar is verskeie beginsels en hipoteses vir hoe abiogenese kon plaasgevind het.{{R|Levinson}}
== Doel ==
Die studie van abiogenese het die doel om vas te stel hoe chemiese reaksies aanleiding gegee het tot lewe onder toestande wat opvallend verskil van dié op die Aarde vandag.{{sfn|Voet|Voet|2004|p=29}} Dit gebruik hoofsaaklik idees uit biologie, chemie en geofisika,{{sfn|Dyson|1999}} met meer onlangse benaderings wat 'n sintese van al drie probeer maak sowel as [[astrobiologie]], [[biochemie]], [[biofisika]], [[geochemie]], [[molekulêre biologie]], [[oseanografie]] en [[paleontologie]].{{R|Davies}}
== Chemie van lewe ==
Lewe funksioneer deur die gespesialiseerde chemie van [[koolstof]] en [[water]], en bou grootliks op vier sleutelfamilies van chemikalieë: [[lipied]]e (selmembrane), [[Koolhidraat|koolhidrate]] ([[suiker]]s, [[sellulose]]), [[Aminosuur|aminosure]] ([[proteïen]]metabolisme) en nukleïensure ([[DNS]] en [[RNS]]). Enige suksesvolle teorie van abiogenese moet die oorsprong en interaksies van hierdie klasse molekules verduidelik.{{R|Ward}} Baie benaderings tot abiogenese ondersoek hoe selfrepliserende molekules, of hul komponente, ontstaan het. Navorsers dink oor die algemeen dat die huidige lewe van 'n RNS-wêreld begin het. Die skrywers van "The Origin of an RNA world" sê "Die voorstel dat lewe op aarde uit 'n RNS-wêreld ontstaan het, word algemeen aanvaar."{{R|RNA}} Daar is ander selfrepliserende molekules wat RNS moontlik voorafgegaan het en ook kandidate kan wees.{{R|Robertson2012|Cech2012}}
== Die Miller-Urey-eksperiment ==
Die klassieke Miller-Urey-eksperiment van 1952 en soortgelyke navorsing het getoon dat die meeste [[Aminosuur|aminosure]], die chemiese bestanddele van die proteïene wat in alle lewende organismes gebruik word, uit anorganiese verbindings gesintetiseer kan word onder toestande wat bedoel is om dié van die vroeë Aarde te herhaal. Verskeie eksterne energiebronne kan hierdie reaksies veroorsaak het, insluitend [[weerlig]] en bestraling. Ander benaderings (bv. die "metabolisme-eerste"-hipoteses) fokus daarop om te verstaan hoe [[Katalisator|katalise]] in chemiese stelsels op die vroeë Aarde die voorlopermolekules kon verskaf het wat nodig is vir selfreplikasie.{{R|Ralser 2014}}
== Die ouderdom van die aarde ==
Die Aarde bly die enigste plek in die heelal wat bekend is om lewe te huisves,{{R|NASA-1990}}{{sfn|Altermann|2009|p=xvii}} en fossielbewyse van die Aarde lig die meeste studies van abiogenese in. Die ouderdom van die Aarde is 4,54 miljard jaar;{{R|USGS1997|Manhesa}}{{sfn|Dalrymple|2001|pp=205–221}} die vroegste onbetwiste bewyse van lewe op Aarde dateer van ten minste 3,5 miljard jare gelede.{{R|Origin1|Origin2}}{{sfn|Raven|Johnson|2002|p=68}} In 2017 is moontlike bewyse van vroeë lewe op land gevind in 3,48 miljard jaar oue geiseriet en ander verwante mineraalafsettings (dikwels gevind rondom warmwaterbronne en [[Geiser (bron)|geisers]]) wat in die [[Pilbara-kraton]] van Wes-[[Australië]] ontbloot is.{{R|PO-20170509|NC-20170509|PNAS-2017|WU-20171218}} Ander ontdekkings dui daarop dat lewe moontlik selfs vroeër op Aarde verskyn het. Mikrofossiele (gefossileerde mikroörganismes) binne hidrotermiese ventilasie-neerslae, gevind in rotse in [[Quebec]], [[Kanada]], wat in 2017 gedateer is tot tussen 3,77 en 4,28 miljard jaar oud mag die oudste rekord van lewe op Aarde huisves. Dit was kort ná die vorming van die oseaan 4,4 miljard jare gelede.{{R|NAT-20170301|NYT-20170301|BBC-20170301|4.3b oldest|Deutsche Welle}}
== Nasa ==
Die [[NASA]]-strategie oor abiogenese poog om interaksies, intermediêre strukture en funksies, energiebronne en omgewingsfaktore te identifiseer wat bygedra het tot die diversiteit, seleksie en replikasie van evolueerbare makromolekulêre stelsels. Die koms van polimere wat kon repliseer, genetiese inligting stoor en eienskappe toon onderhewig aan seleksie was waarskynlik 'n kritieke stap in die opkoms van prebiotiese chemiese evolusie.{{R|NASA strategy 2015}}
== Kyk ook ==
* [[Biogenese]]
* [[Biogenetiese wet]]
* [[Geskiedenis van die Aarde#Oorsprong van lewe]]
== Bronne ==
* {{cite book |last=Altermann |first=Wladyslaw |year=2009 |chapter=Introduction: A Roadmap to Fata Morgana? |editor1-last=Seckbach |editor1-first=Joseph |editor2-last=Walsh |editor2-first=Maud |title=From Fossils to Astrobiology: Records of Life on Earth and the Search for Extraterrestrial Biosignatures |series=Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology |volume=12 |location=Dordrecht, the Netherlands; London |publisher=Springer Science+Business Media |isbn=978-1-4020-8836-0 |lccn=2008933212 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last=Dalrymple |first=G. Brent |year=2001 |chapter=The age of the Earth in the twentieth century: a problem (mostly) solved |editor1-last=Lewis |editor1-first=C.L.E. |editor2-last=Knell |editor2-first=S.J. |title=The Age of the Earth: from 4004 BC to AD 2002 |journal=Geological Society of London, Special Publications |series=Geological Society Special Publication |location=London |publisher=Geological Society of London |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=205–221 |bibcode=2001GSLSP.190..205D |doi=10.1144/gsl.sp.2001.190.01.14 |isbn=978-1-86239-093-5 |s2cid=130092094 |lccn=2003464816 |oclc=48570033 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last=Dyson |first=Freeman |year=1999 |title=Origins of Life |edition=Revised |location=Cambridge, UK; New York |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-62668-2 |lccn=99021079 | language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Fry |first1=Iris | title=The emergence of life on Earth : a historical and scientific overview |publisher=Rutgers University Press | publication-place=New Brunswick, N.J. | isbn=0-8135-2739-2 | oclc=41090659 | language=en}}
* Leslie Orgel|Leslie E. Orgel: ''Prebiotic Chemistry and the Origin of the RNA World.'' In: ''Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.'' Band 39, 2004, S. 99–123, [[doi:10.1080/10409230490460765]] [http://www.d.umn.edu/~pschoff/documents/OrgelRNAWorld.pdf (online)]
* {{cite book |last1=Oparin |first1=Aleksandr Ivanovich |translator1-last=Morgulis |translator1-first=Sergius |year=1938 |title=The Origin of Life |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jv8psJCtI0gC |series=Phoenix Edition Series |edition=2de |location=Mineola, New York |publisher=Courier Corporation |publication-date=2003 |isbn=978-0486495224 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last1=Voet |first1=Donald |last2=Voet |first2=Judith G. |year=2004 |title=Biochemistry |volume=1 |edition=3de |location=New York |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-471-19350-0 |lccn=2003269978 |language=en}}
* {{cite book |last=Yarus |first=Michael |year=2010 |title=Life from an RNA World: The Ancestor Within |location=Cambridge, MA |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-05075-4 |lccn=2009044011 |language=en}}
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings|30em|verwysings=
<ref name="4.3b oldest">{{cite news |last1=Dunham |first1=Will |title=Canadian bacteria-like fossils called oldest evidence of life |url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKBN16858B?sp=true |date=1 Maart 2017 |work=Reuters |access-date=14 April 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302114728/http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKBN16858B?sp=true |archive-date=2 Maart 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="AB-20141208">{{cite web |last=Howell |first=Elizabeth |title=How Did Life Become Complex, And Could It Happen Beyond Earth? |url=https://www.astrobio.net/origin-and-evolution-of-life/life-become-complex-happen-beyond-earth/ |date=8 Desember 2014 |work=Astrobiology Magazine |access-date=14 April 2022 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215024231/https://www.astrobio.net/origin-and-evolution-of-life/life-become-complex-happen-beyond-earth/ |archive-date=15 Februarie 2018 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="BBC-20170301">{{Cite news |last=Ghosh |first=Pallab |title=Earliest evidence of life on Earth found |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-39117523 |date=1 Maart 2017 |access-date=14 April 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302002134/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-39117523 |archive-date=2 Maart 2017|work=BBC News |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Cech2012">{{cite journal |last=Cech |first=Thomas R. |date=Julie 2012 |title=The RNA Worlds in Context |journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology |volume=4 |issue=7 |page=a006742 |doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a006742 |pmc=3385955 |pmid=21441585 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Davies">{{cite book |last1=Davies |first1=Paul |date=1998 |title=The Fifth Miracle, Search for the origin and meaning of life |publisher=Penguin |bibcode=1998fmso.book.....D |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Deutsche Welle">{{cite news |title=Researchers uncover 'direct evidence' of life on Earth 4 billion years ago |url=http://dw.com/p/2YUnT |access-date=14 April 2022 |publisher=Deutsche Welle |language=en }}{{Dooie skakel|date=Augustus 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="Levinson">{{Cite book |title=Rethinking evolution: the revolution that's hiding in plain sight |last=Levinson |first=Gene |publisher=World Scientific |year=2020 |isbn=978-1786347268 |url=https://rethinkingevolution.com/ |language=en |access-date=14 April 2022 |archive-date=21 Mei 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521082753/https://rethinkingevolution.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="Manhesa">{{cite journal |last1=Manhesa |first1=Gérard |last2=Allègre |first2=Claude J. |last3=Dupréa |first3=Bernard |last4=Hamelin |first4=Bruno |date=Mei 1980 |title=Lead isotope study of basic-ultrabasic layered complexes: Speculations about the age of the earth and primitive mantle characteristics |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_earth-and-planetary-science-letters_1980-05_47_3/page/370 |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=370–382 |bibcode=1980E&PSL..47..370M |doi=10.1016/0012-821X(80)90024-2 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="NASA-1990">{{cite journal |url=https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19900013148.pdf |title=Extraterrestrial Life in the Universe |last=Graham |first=Robert W. |date=Februarie 1990 |location=Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio |website=[[NASA]] |type=NASA Technical Memorandum 102363 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903100534/http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19900013148.pdf |archive-date=3 September 2014 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="NASA strategy 2015">{{cite web |url=https://nai.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2015/10/NASA_Astrobiology_Strategy_2015_151008.pdf |title=NASA Astrobiology Strategy |year=2015 |work=NASA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222190306/https://nai.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2015/10/NASA_Astrobiology_Strategy_2015_151008.pdf |archive-date=22 Desember 2016 |access-date=14 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="NAT-20170301">{{cite journal |last1=Dodd |first1=Matthew S. |last2=Papineau |first2=Dominic |last3=Grenne |first3=Tor |last4=Slack |first4=John F. |last5=Rittner |first5=Martin |last6=Pirajno |first6=Franco |last7=O'Neil |first7=Jonathan |last8=Little |first8=Crispin T.S. |title=Evidence for early life in Earth's oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates |url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112179/ |journal=Nature |date=1 Maart 2017 |volume=543 |issue=7643 |pages=60–64 |doi=10.1038/nature21377 |pmid=28252057 |bibcode=2017Natur.543...60D |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908201821/http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/112179/ |archive-date=8 September 2017 |doi-access=free |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="NC-20170509">{{cite journal |last1=Djokic |first1=Tara |last2=Van Kranendonk |first2=Martin J. |last3=Campbell |first3=Kathleen A. |last4=Walter |first4=Malcolm R. |last5=Ward |first5=Colin R. |title=Earliest signs of life on land preserved in ca. 3.5 Gao hot spring deposits |date=9 Mei 2017 |journal=Nature Communications |doi=10.1038/ncomms15263 |pmid=28486437 |pmc=5436104 |volume=8 |page=15263 |bibcode=2017NatCo...815263D |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="NYT-20170301">{{cite news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |title=Scientists Say Canadian Bacteria Fossils May Be Earth's Oldest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/01/science/earths-oldest-bacteria-fossils.html |date=1 Maart 2017 |work=The New York Times |access-date=14 April 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302042424/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/01/science/earths-oldest-bacteria-fossils.html |archive-date=2 Maart 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Origin1">{{cite journal |last1=Schopf |first1=J. William |last2=Kudryavtsev |first2=Anatoliy B. |last3=Czaja |first3=Andrew D. |last4=Tripathi |first4=Abhishek B. |date=5 Oktober 2007 |title=Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_precambrian-research_2007-10-05_158_3-4/page/141 |journal=Precambrian Research |volume=158 |pages=141–155 |issue=3–4 |doi=10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009 |bibcode=2007PreR..158..141S |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Origin2">{{cite journal |last=Schopf |first=J. William |date=29 Junie 2006 |title=Fossil evidence of Archaean life |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B |volume=361 |issue=1470 |pages=869–885 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2006.1834 |pmid=16754604 |pmc=1578735 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Pereto">{{cite journal |last=Peretó |first=Juli |year=2005 |title=Controversies on the origin of life |url=http://www.im.microbios.org/0801/0801023.pdf |journal=International Microbiology |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=23–31 |pmid=15906258 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824074726/http://www.im.microbios.org/0801/0801023.pdf |archive-date=24 Augustus 2015 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="PNAS-2017">{{cite journal |last1=Schopf |first1=J. William |last2=Kitajima |first2=Kouki |last3=Spicuzza |first3=Michael J. |last4=Kudryavtsev |first4=Anatolly B. |last5=Valley |first5=John W. |title=SIMS analyses of the oldest known assemblage of microfossils document their taxon-correlated carbon isotope compositions |date=2017 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |doi=10.1073/pnas.1718063115 |pmid=29255053 |pmc=5776830 |volume=115 |issue=1 |pages=53–58 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115...53S |doi-access=free |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="PO-20170509">{{cite news |title=Oldest evidence of life on land found in 3.48-billion-year-old Australian rocks |url=https://phys.org/news/2017-05-oldest-evidence-life-billion-year-old-australian.html |date=9 May 2017 |work=Phys.org |access-date=14 April 2022 |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510013721/https://phys.org/news/2017-05-oldest-evidence-life-billion-year-old-australian.html |archive-date=10 Mei 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="Ralser 2014">{{cite journal |last1=Keller |first1=Markus A. |last2=Turchyn |first2=Alexandra V. |last3=Ralser |first3=Markus |date=25 Maart 2014 |title=Non-enzymatic glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway-like reactions in a plausible Archean ocean |journal=Molecular Systems Biology |volume=10 |issue=725 |page=725 |doi=10.1002/msb.20145228 |pmc=4023395 |pmid=24771084 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="RNA">{{cite journal |last1=Copley |first1=Shelley D. |last2=Smith |first2=Eric |last3=Morowitz |first3=Harold J. |date=December 2007 |title=The origin of the RNA world: Co-evolution of genes and metabolism|url=http://tuvalu.santafe.edu/~desmith/PDF_pubs/Copley_BOG.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Bioorganic Chemistry |volume=35 |issue=6 |pages=430–443 |doi=10.1016/j.bioorg.2007.08.001 |pmid=17897696 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130905070129/http://tuvalu.santafe.edu/~desmith/PDF_pubs/Copley_BOG.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2013 |access-date=8 June 2015 |quote=Die voorstel dat lewe op aarde uit 'n RNS-wêreld ontstaan het, word algemeen aanvaar. |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Robertson2012">{{cite journal |last1=Robertson |first1=Michael P. |last2=Joyce |first2=Gerald F. |date=Mei 2012 |title=The origins of the RNA world |journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology |volume=4 |issue=5 |page=a003608 |doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a003608 |pmc=3331698 |pmid=20739415 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="USGS1997">{{cite web |url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html |title=Age of the Earth |date=9 Julie 2007 |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=14 April 2022 |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051223072700/http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html |archive-date=23 Desember 2005}}</ref>
<ref name="Ward">{{cite book |author1=Ward, Peter|author2=Kirschvink, Joe |date=2015 |title=A New History of Life: the radical discoveries about the origins and evolution of life on earth |publisher=Bloomsbury Press |pages=39–40 |isbn=978-1608199105 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Warmflash">{{cite journal |last1=Warmflash |first1=David |last2=Warmflash |first2=Benjamin |date=November 2005 |title=Did Life Come from Another World? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_2005-11_293_5/page/64 |journal=Scientific American |volume=293 |issue=5 |pages=64–71 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican1105-64 |pmid=16318028 |bibcode=2005SciAm.293e..64W |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Witzany">{{cite journal |url=http://www.biocommunication.at/pdf/publications/biosystems_2016.pdf |title=Crucial steps to life: From chemical reactions to code using agents |journal=BioSystems |volume=140 |pages=49–57 |doi=10.1016/j.biosystems.2015.12.007 |pmid=26723230 |year=2016 |last1=Witzany |first1=Guenther |language=en |access-date=14 April 2022 |archive-date=31 Oktober 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031052532/http://www.biocommunication.at/pdf/publications/biosystems_2016.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="WU-20171218">{{cite web |last=Tyrell |first=Kelly April |title=Oldest fossils ever found show life on Earth began before 3.5 billion years ago |url=https://news.wisc.edu/oldest-fossils-ever-found-show-life-on-earth-began-before-3-5-billion-years-ago/ |date=18 Desember 2017 |work=University of Wisconsin-Madison |access-date=14 April 2022 }}</ref>
}}
{{Saadjie}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Biologie]]
[[Kategorie:Evolusie]]
09n2odrju0c5ouw0mssfgrmwn0uv0y1
Montgomery, Alabama
0
94670
2928752
2902303
2026-08-22T03:55:53Z
CommonsDelinker
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Administrateur [[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] vervang "Flag_of_Montgomery,_Alabama.svg" met "Flag_of_Montgomery,_Alabama_(1952–2026).svg" omrede: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: Hist split
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{| align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;"
! align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;" |
<span style="font-size:16pt">'''Montgomery'''</span><br />
[[Lêer:Montgomery,al.png|280px]]
|- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999"
| '''Kaart'''
|style="border-left:1px solid #999"| '''Wapen'''
|- style="background:white"
|rowspan=6| [[Lêer:Montgomery County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Montgomery Highlighted.svg|180px|senter]]
|- style="background: white"
|style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Coat of arms of None.svg|75px|senter]]
|- style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"
|style="border-left:1px solid #999"|
|- style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;"
|style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"| '''Vlag'''
|- style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;"
|style="border-left:1px solid #999"| [[Lêer:Flag of Montgomery, Alabama (1952–2026).svg|senter|90px]]
|- style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"
|style="border-left:1px solid #999"|
|- style="border-top:1px solid #999;"
| '''[[Land]]'''
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{vlagland|Verenigde State}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #999;"
| '''[[Deelstate van die Verenigde State van Amerika|Deelstaat]]'''
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Flag of Alabama.svg|20px]] [[Alabama]]
|- style="border-top:1px solid #999;"
| '''[[County (Verenigde State)|County]]'''
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Montgomery
|- style="border-top:1px solid #999;"
| '''Koördinate'''
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | {{Koördinate|32|21|N|86|16|W|aansig=inlyn,titel}}
|- style="border-top:1px solid #999;"
| '''Stigting'''
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[1817]]
|- style="border-top:1px solid #999;"
| '''Geïnkorporeer op'''
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [[3 Desember]] [[1819]]
|- style="border-top:1px solid #999;"
| '''Oppervlakte:'''
| style="background: #f7f8ff" |
|-
| - Totaal
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 420,28 [[vierkante kilometer|vk km]]
|-
| '''Hoogte bo seevlak'''
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 73 m
|- style="border-top:1px solid #999;"
|- style="border-top:1px solid #999;"
|-
| '''Bevolking:'''
| style="background: #f7f8ff" |
|-
| - Totaal (2020)
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 200 603
|-
| - Bevolkingsdigtheid
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 475,8/vk km
|-
| - Metropolitaanse gebied
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | 385 460
|-
| '''Tydsone'''
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | CST ([[UTC]] -6)
|-
| '''Somertyd'''
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | CDT (UTC -5)
|- style="border-top:1px solid #999;"
|-
| '''Burgemeester'''
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | Steven Reed ([[Demokratiese Party (Verenigde State)|D]])
|- style="border-top:1px solid #999;"
| '''Amptelike webwerf'''
| style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;" | [https://www.montgomeryal.gov/ ''montgomeryal.gov'']
|}
'''Montgomery''' ([[Engels]]: [mɒntˈɡʌməri]) is die administratiewe hoofstad van die [[Verenigde State van Amerika|Amerikaanse]] deelstaat [[Alabama]] en die setel van die distrik Montgomery [[County (Verenigde State)|County]]. Die stad, wat na die Britse generaal Richard Montgomery (1738–1775) vernoem is en volgens die sensus van 2020 'n bevolking van 200 603 gehad het, is in die hartland van die deelstaat aan die Alabamarivier geleë. Die metropolitaanse gebied van Montgomery is die vierde grootste in Alabama met 'n bevolking van 385 460 in 2020.
== Geskiedenis ==
[[Lêer:First White House of the Confederacy, Montgomery, North view 20160713 1.jpg|duimnael|links|Die eerste Withuis van die Gekonfedereerde State]]
Montgomery het 'n belangrike rol in die geskiedenis van Alabama en die Verenigde State gespeel. Nadat dit as 'n grensnedersetting gestig is, het dit tot die sentrum van die sogenaamde Katoenkoninkryk ontwikkel en is later as administratiewe setel van die deelstaat Alabama asook die eerste regeringsetel van die [[Gekonfedereerde State van Amerika|Gekonfedereerde State]] aangewys. Die stad se reputasie as 'n sentrum van tegnologie en vooruitgang is in 1886 en 1887 met die invoering van die elektriese ''Lightning Route''-tremstelsel en in 1910 met die stigting van 'n burgerlike lugvaartskool deur die [[Wright-broers|Gebroeders Wright]] bevestig.
In die onstuimige tydperk van die burgerregtestryd het plaaslike burgers 'n beslissende rol in sommige van die belangrikste gebeurtenisse gespeel, waaronder die busboikot en die Opmars vanuit [[Selma, Alabama|Selma]] op Montgomery. Vandag is Montgomery naas sy rol as belangrike administratiewe sentrum ook 'n spilpunt van tegnologiese vooruitgang in Alabama se florerende nywerheidsbedryf.
== Eksterne skakels ==
* {{CommonsKategorie-inlyn|Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery}}
* {{en}} {{Wikivoyage|Montgomery}}
* {{en}} [https://www.montgomeryal.gov/ Amptelike webwerf]
* {{en}} {{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Montgomery-Alabama|title=Montgomery|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|accessdate=7 Mei 2026}}
{{Hoofstede van die Verenigde State}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Hoofstede in die Verenigde State]]
[[Kategorie:Nedersettings in Alabama]]
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Audi Q3
0
96776
2928776
2477723
2026-08-22T08:13:12Z
InternetArchiveBot
131157
Red 1 verwysing(s) en merk 0 as dood.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
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text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas Motorvoertuig
| name = Audi Q3
| image = [[Lêer:Audi Q3 1Y7A4914.jpg|260px]]
| caption = Audi Q3
| manufacturer = [[Audi]]
| production = 2011–huidig
| assembly = Martorell, [[Spanje]]<br />[[Foshan]], [[China]] (FAW-VW),<br /> [[Pune]], [[Indië]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| class = Kompakte [[oorkruis SNV]]
| body_style = 5-deurstasiewa<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.carandsuv.co.nz/news/8900/2011-audi-q3-gets-the-green-light |title=argiefkopie |access-date=20 Februarie 2015 |archive-date=28 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090428134938/http://www.carandsuv.co.nz/news/8900/2011-audi-q3-gets-the-green-light |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| layout = Dwarsgemonteerde voorenjin,<br /> voorwieldryf of quattro vierwieldryf
| platform = Volkswagengroep A5 (PQ35)
| engine = 1.4 L T FSI [[inlynviersilinder|I4]]<br />2.0 L T FSI [[inlynviersilinder|I4]]<br />2.0 L TDI ([[turbodiesel]]) [[inlynviersilinder|I4]]<br />2.5 L TFSI [[inlynvyfsilinder]]
| transmission = 6-gang [[Handratkas|handrat]]<br />7-gang [[outomatiese ratkas|outomaties]]
| wheelbase = 2603 mm
| length = 4385 mm
| width = 1831 mm
| height = 1608 mm
| weight =
| related = [[Volkswagen Tiguan]]<br />SEAT Tribu<br />Škoda Yeti
| designer = Julian Hoenig<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.julianhoenig.com/art/about_files/web_resume02.09.pdf |title=argiefkopie |access-date=20 Februarie 2015 |archive-date= 8 Augustus 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808041039/http://www.julianhoenig.com/art/about_files/web_resume02.09.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}
Die '''Audi Q3''' is 'n vyfdeur kompakte uitvoerende [[oorkruis SNV]] wat sedert 2011 deur [[Audi]] gebou en bemark word.
Die motor word op die Volkswagengroep A5 (PQ35) platform van die [[Volkswagen Golf]] Mk5 gebou, dieselfde as dié vir die [[Volkswagen Tiguan]]/SEAT Tribu klein SNV. Die Q3 pas bo die voorgestelde Audi Q2 mini-oorkruiser. In vergelyking met die middelluukse kompakte [[Audi Q5|Q5]] en die volgrootte [[Audi Q7|Q7]], wat geposisioneer is vir 'n gesin met praktiese en goeie veldprestasie, is die Q3 meer gemik as 'n leefstyl-/sportmotor. Ontwerp en ontwikkeling is in die tweede helfte van 2007 begin, nadat die raad die ontwerp van Julian Hoenig gekies het vir produksie, en besluite gefinaliseer is in 2009.<ref>http://www.motorauthority.com/news/1026889_preview-2010-audi-q3-suv</ref>
Die Q3 deel komponente, ratkaste en enjins met ander voertuie wat gebruik maak van die PQ35 platform, soos die Volkswagen Golf, [[Audi A3]] en Škoda Yeti.
Die voertuig is by die "Auto Sjanghai"-skou onthul in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.audi-mediaservices.com/publish/ms/content/en/public/pressemitteilungen/2011/04/13/live_from_shanghai.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html |title=Live from Shanghai: The world premiere of the Audi Q3 |access-date=20 Februarie 2015 |archive-date=20 Junie 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620094734/https://www.audi-mediaservices.com/publish/ms/content/en/public/pressemitteilungen/2011/04/13/live_from_shanghai.standard.gid-oeffentlichkeit.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{Audimodelle}}
{{en-vertaal|Audi Q3}}
[[Kategorie:Audi|Q3]]
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Lewis Hamilton
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{{Inligtingskas renjaer
| name = Lewis Hamilton
| image = Lewis Hamilton 2022 São Paulo Grand Prix (52498120773) (cropped).jpg
| caption = Hamilton by die [[2022 São Paulo Grand Prix]]
| nationality = {{vlagikoon|VK}} Brits
| birth_name = Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton
| birth_date = {{geboortedatum en ouderdom|1985|1|7}}<ref name="Kelso">{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/apr/20/paulkelso.uknews4|title=Profile: Lewis Hamilton|last=Kelso|first=Paul|date=20 April 2007|work=The Guardian |accessdate=26 Junie 2008|location=London}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Stevenage]], [[Hertfordshire]], Engeland, VK
| Years = 2007–tans<ref name="gpfansbio">{{cite web |last1=Scott |first1=Matthew |title=Lewis Hamilton Biography |url=https://www.gpfans.com/en/articles/38415/lewis-hamilton-biography/ |website=gpfans.com |publisher=GP Fans |access-date=5 November 2019}}</ref>
| Old Team = [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]<br/>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG Petronas]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamilton signs new two-year contract with Mercedes|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-hamilton-agrees-new-two-year-contract-with-mercedes.5XURLL7ShyqezkYgf9eztg.html|date=3 July 2021|access-date=18 June 2022|website=formula1.com|language=en|archive-date=24 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624181145/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-hamilton-agrees-new-two-year-contract-with-mercedes.5XURLL7ShyqezkYgf9eztg.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| 2026 Team = [[Scuderia Ferrari]]
| Car number = 44<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/319581/hamilton-to-keep-44-as-car-number/ |title=Hamilton to keep 44 as car number |publisher=GP Update |accessdate=25 November 2014}}</ref>
| Races = {{F1stat|HAM|entries}} ({{F1stat|HAM|starts}} begin)
| Championships = 7 ([[2008 Formule Een-seisoen|2008]], [[2014 Formule Een-seisoen|2014]], [[2015 Formule Een-seisoen|2015]], [[2017 Formule Een-seisoen|2017]], [[2018 Formule Een-seisoen|2018]], [[2019 Formule Een-seisoen|2019]] en [[2020 Formule Een-seisoen|2020]])
| Wins = {{F1stat|HAM|wins}}
| Podiums = {{F1stat|HAM|podiums}}
| Points = {{F1stat|HAM|careerpoints}}
| Poles = {{F1stat|HAM|poles}}
| Fastest laps = {{F1stat|HAM|fastestlaps}}
| First race = [[2007 Australiese Grand Prix]]
| First win = [[2007 Kanadese Grand Prix]]
| Last win = [[2026 Barcelona-Katalonië Grand Prix]]
| Last race = {{laaste F1GP}}
| Last season = 2025
| Last position = 6de (156 punte)
}}
'''Lewis Hamilton'''<ref name="Hamilton">{{cite book|title=Lewis Hamilton: My Story|last=Hamilton|first=Lewis|isbn=978-0-00-727005-7|page=33|publisher=HarperSport|year=2007}}</ref> (gebore in [[Stevenage]], [[Hertfordshire]], [[Engeland]] op [[7 Januarie]] [[1985]]) is 'n [[Verenigde Koninkryk|Britse]] [[Formule Een]]-renjaer. Hy is die wêreldbestuurderskampioen in [[2008 Formule Een-seisoen|2008]], [[2014 Formule Een-seisoen|2014]], [[2015 Formule Een-seisoen|2015]], [[2017 Formule Een-seisoen|2017]], [[2018 Formule Een-seisoen|2018]], [[2019 Formule Een-seisoen|2019]] en [[2020 Formule Een-seisoen|2020]] en was van 2013 tot [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024]] deel van die [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]], voorheen met sy spanmaat [[George Russell]]. Hy het in [[2025 Formule Een-seisoen|Januarie 2025]] van span verwissel en by [[Scuderia Ferrari]] aangesluit. Sy spanmaat is die 28-jarige [[Monaco|Monegask]] [[Charles Leclerc]].
[[Lêer:Mercedes duo 2013 Malaysia.jpg|duimnael|links|200px|Lewis Hamilton (voor) spook sake uit met spanmaat [[Nico Rosberg]] in 2013.]]
== Inleiding ==
Hamilton het sy debuut as Formule 1-jaer in [[2007 Formule Een-seisoen|2007]] gemaak, die jaar waarin hy by die [[McLaren]]span aangesluit het as die span se tweede jaer langs [[Fernando Alonso]]. Hy word beskou as een van die beste jaers wat Formule 1 ooit opgelewer het. Hy hou die rekord vir die meeste aantal voorwegspringplekke van alle tye en ewenaar die meeste wedrenne gewen op dieselfde baan (sedert 19 Julie 2020) met agt oorwinnings op die [[Hungaroring]]. Op Sondag 11 Oktober 2020 het Hamilton [[Michael Schumacher]] se aantal oorwinnings geëwenaar. Met 105 oorwinnings het hy die meeste keer 'n Grand Prix gewen nadat hy die [[2020 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|Grand Prix van Emilia-Romagna]] op 1 November 2020 gewen het.
== Motorsportloopbaan ==
=== Formule Renault ===
Nadat hy verskeie kart-kampioenskappe gewen het, is Hamilton deur die [[McLaren]]-span in [[Woking]] onderteken. Hulle het hom op die ouderdom van veertien met 'n "ontwikkelingskontrak" beloon. Dit het hom 'n groot hupstoot gegee in sy renloopbaan. Hy het in 2000 die Europese Kart-kampioenskap gewen en ook in 2001 aan die Formule Renault VK-renreeks deelgeneem. In sy eerste jaar eindig hy vyfde in hierdie kampioenskap. In 2002 eindig hy derde en behaal drie oorwinnings vir Manor Racing.<ref>{{cite web |title=Formula Renault 2.0 UK 2002 standings |url=https://www.driverdb.com/championships/standings/formula-renault-20-eurocup/2002/|website=driverdb.com |publisher=Driver Database |access-date=19 December 2018}}</ref> Hy wen eenkeer in die Formule Renault EuroCup.
In 2003 behaal hy sy eerste groot sukses: hy word kampioen met tien seges, stel nege keer die vinnigste rondtetyd op en behaal elf voorste wegspringplekke. Hy was reeds twee wedrenne voor die jaareinde kampioen, en klop daarmee vir Alex Lloyd.<ref>{{cite web |title=Formula Renault 2.0 UK 2003 standings |url=https://www.driverdb.com/championships/standings/formula-renault-20-uk/2003/ |website=driverdb.com |publisher=Driver Database |access-date=19 December 2018}}</ref>
=== Formule 3 ===
In 2004 skakel Hamilton oor na die Formule 3 Euroseries. In die finale rangorde eindig hy vyfde met een sege en twee keer 'n derde plek. Hy het ook die Bahrein F3 Superprix gewen. Hy behaal vyftien oorwinnings in die 2005 Formule 3 Euroseries met ASM Dallara-Mercedes. Hy het ook die gesogte BP Ultimate Masters van Formule 3 op die [[Zandvoort-renbaan]] gewen en vir die dominante ASM-span gejaag met die superieure Mercedes HWA-motor, sy tweede span in die kategorie nadat hy in 2004 vir Manor Motorsport gejaag het.
Hamilton toets die eerste keer vir [[McLaren]] teen laat-2004 by [[Silverstone-renbaan|Silverstone]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.crash.net/f1/news/50828/1/new_mclaren_bad_news_for_wurz.html|title=New McLaren bad news for Wurz|publisher=crash.net|date=16 December 2004|access-date=17 August 2010}}</ref>
=== GP2 ===
In 2006 het Lewis Hamilton aan die GP2-reeks deelgeneem en vir die ART Grand Prix-span gejaag.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.skysports.com/formula1/driver/profile/0,20666,12479_2454888_809,00.html|title=Lewis Hamilton|publisher=Sky|work=Sky Sports|date=10 February 2010|access-date=31 August 2010}}</ref> Hy vervang die vorige jaar se kampioen, [[Nico Rosberg]], wat hom by Formule 1 aangesluit het as die tweede jaer vir die [[Williams F1]]-span. Sy prestasie in die GP2 was asemrowend. In die Europese GP2-wedren het hy albei wedrenne gewen. Hy het hierdie dubbele oorwinning op Silverstone herhaal en word die eerste GP2-jaer wat albei uitdunne in twee renne gewen het. Hy het die GP2-titel in die voorlaaste ren gewen deur [[Nelson Piquet jr.]], [[Timo Glock]] asook sy ervare spanmaat Alexandre Prémat, te klop.<ref>{{cite web |title=2006 GP2 SERIES - Standings |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/database/championships/gp2/2006-gp2-series |website=motorsportmagazine.com |publisher=Motor Sport Magazine |access-date=19 December 2018}}</ref>
=== Formule 1 ===
;[[2007 Formule Een-seisoen|2007]]
Na 'n lang tyd van bespiegeling of hy, [[Pedro de la Rosa]] of Gary Paffett saam met die wêreldkampioen [[Fernando Alonso]] vir [[McLaren]] in die [[2007 Formule Een-seisoen]] sou ry, is Hamilton aan die einde van 2006 as hul tweede jaer aangewys. Hamilton is die eerste en enigste [[Swart mense|swart]] renjaer in die F1-reeks.<ref>{{cite news|title=Grenadian roots of first black F1 driver|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2006/11/061127_grenadaf1.shtml|date=27 November 2006|publisher=BBC|access-date=12 December 2006|quote=The first black driver named to race in Formula One}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1528611/Formula-One%27s-first-black-driver-to-take-his-place-on-grid.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080831041311/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1528611/Formula-One%27s-first-black-driver-to-take-his-place-on-grid.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 August 2008|title=Formula One's first black driver to take his place on grid|last=Garside|first=Kevin|author2=Britten, Nick |date=13 September 2006|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=26 June 2008|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1609725,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429021936/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1609725,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 April 2007|title=Lewis Hamilton: The Tiger Woods of Racing?|last=Smith|first=Adam|date=12 April 2007|magazine=Time|access-date=26 June 2008}}</ref>
Met sy Formule 1-debuut op [[Melbourne Grand Prix Renbaan|Albert Park]] vir die [[2007 Australiese Grand Prix]], het Hamilton vierde gekwalifiseer en uiteindelik die wedren in die derde plek agter spanmaat Fernando Alonso en [[Kimi Räikkönen]] in sy [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] geëindig. Hy was die eerste jaer wat die podium gehaal het in sy eerste Grand Prix sedert [[Jacques Villeneuve]] in [[1996 Formule Een-seisoen|1996]].
Net soos in Melbourne, kwalifiseer hy vierde vir die tweede [[2007 Maleisiese Grand Prix|Maleisiese Grand Prix]] op die [[Sepang Internasionale Renbaan]]. Na 'n indrukwekkende begin- en aanvanklike fase waarin hy albei Ferrari-jaers in die wiele gery het as 'n ervare Formule 1-jaer, eindig Hamilton die ren in die tweede plek agter sy spanmaat, Alonso.
In sy derde Formule 1-ren in Bahrein het Hamilton geskiedenis gemaak deur in sy eerste drie renne as Formule 1-jaer op die podium te eindig. Hy was die eerste debutant in Formule 1-geskiedenis wat dit kon bereik. Op Sondag 13 Mei 2007 eindig hy weer op die podium tydens die [[2007 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spaanse Grand Prix]] op die [[Barcelona-Catalunya-renbaan]]. Met hierdie uitslag neem hy die eerste keer in die 2007-seisoen die voortou in die kampioenskap. Daarbenewens verbeter hy die rekord vir die jongste Wêreldbeker-leier in die geskiedenis, voorheen deur Bruce McLaren, stigter van Hamilton se span gehou.
Op 9 Junie 2007 behaal Hamilton sy eerste voorste wegspringplek in [[2007 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanada]]. Die volgende dag wen hy ook die eerste Grand Prix van sy loopbaan. 'n Week later, op Sondag 17 Junie 2007 wen hy sy tweede Grand Prix, die Verenigde State se Grand Prix op die [[Indianapolis]]-baan. In Frankryk eindig hy derde, die week daarna kwalifiseer hy heelvoor vir die [[2007 Britse Grand Prix|Britse Grand Prix]], maar hy kon nie munt slaan uit sy tuisskare nie en eindig derde. Dit was sy negende agtereenvolgende podiumplek.
In [[2007 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|Brasilië]] - op 21 Oktober - was Hamilton die beste op papier om wêreldkampioen te word, maar hy het swak weggespring. Beide Räikkönen en Alonso het hom ingehaal. In 'n poging om Alonso onmiddellik verby te steek, het Hamilton uit die draai geskiet. Hy keer terug na die baan, maar oomblikke later stop sy McLaren tydelik. Hamilton het 'n goeie inhaalwedren begin, maar die vyfde plek wat vir die wêreldtitel benodig is, het uitgebly. Hy kom tweede in die [[2007 Formule Een-seisoen|wêreldkampioenskap]], slegs één punt agter die nuwe wêreldkampioen, Kimi Räikkönen, en gelyk aan die uittredende wêreldkampioen, Fernando Alonso.
;[[2008 Formule Een-seisoen|2008]]
[[Lêer:Lewis hamilton - 2008 Melb GP.jpg|duimnael|regs|280px|Hamilton jaag hier vir [[McLaren]] in die 2008 Australiese Grand Prix]]
Op 18 Januarie is aangekondig dat Lewis Hamilton sy kontrak met McLaren tot 2012 verleng het.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/7196436.stm|title=Hamilton signs new McLaren deal|work=BBC Sport|date=18 January 2008|access-date=31 August 2010}}</ref> Alonso vertrek na [[Renault F1|Renault]], waarna [[Heikki Kovalainen]] sy nuwe spanmaat word.
[[File:Hamilton Brazil 2008 celebrations.jpg|duimnael|links|Hamilton en sy McLaren-span vier sy nooiensoorwinning van die Formule 1-bestuurderswêreldtitel in 2008.]]
In die 2008-seisoen het hy vyf Grands Prix gewen: die [[2008 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese]], [[2008 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]], [[2008 Britse Grand Prix|Britse]], [[2008 Duitse Grand Prix|Duitse]] en die [[2008 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese]].
Op 2 November 2008 verower Hamilton sy eerste Formule 1-bestuurderstitel. Die kampioenskap is eers in die laaste ren van die seisoen, dié van [[2008 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|Brasilië]], beslis. As gevolg van stortreën in die laaste agt rondtes van die ren, het dit vir 'n oomblik gelyk asof Hamilton weer die kampioenskap deur sy vingers gaan laat glip: hy is immers in die laaste twee rondtes deur [[Sebastian Vettel]] verbygesteek en was toe in die sesde plek, wat hom op 97 punte sou plaas. In die laaste draai was Hamilton baie gelukkig om [[Timo Glock]] verby te steek, wat weens die reën amper nie greep kon vind nie, omdat hy nie op reënbande gejaag het nie. As gevolg hiervan was Hamilton steeds vyfde en behaal 'n finale telling van 98 punte. Hiermee klop hy [[Felipe Massa]] met een punt op die finale ranglys.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/7705230.stm|title=Last-gasp Hamilton takes F1 crown|first=Andrew|last=Benson|work=[[BBC Sport]]|date=2 November 2008|access-date=20 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2008/11/8635.html |title=Hamilton speechless after dramatic title finale |publisher=Formula One |access-date=26 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205143351/http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2008/11/8635.html |archive-date=5 December 2008 }}</ref>
;[[2009 Formule Een-seisoen|2009]]–[[2012 Formule Een-seisoen|2012]]
Gedurende hierdie seisoene behaal Hamilton minder sukses, en wen slegs 13 wedrenne in vyf jaar. Aan die einde van die 2012-seisoen verlaat Hamilton – tot almal se verbasing – die McLaren-span en sluit aan by die [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes GP-span]] waar hy Michael Schumacher vervang het.<ref name="halloffame">{{cite web |last1=Donaldson |first1=Gerald |title=Lewis Hamilton - Hall of fame |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/drivers/hall-of-fame/Lewis_Hamilton.html |website=formula1.com |publisher=FIA Formula One World Championship Limited |access-date=5 November 2019}}</ref> Sy jaarsalaris by Mercedes was volgens berigte byna negentien miljoen euro.<ref>[http://www.nu.nl/sport/2920862/hamilton-vervangt-schumacher-bij-mercedes.html Hamilton vervangt Schumacher bij Mercedes] 28 September 2012. Besoek op 2 November 2020</ref>
;[[2013 Formule Een-seisoen|2013]]
Hamilton het die seisoen goed begin met 'n derde plek in kwalifisering in [[2013 Australiese Grand Prix|Australië]]. Uiteindelik eindig hy die ren in die vyfde plek. In die [[2013 Maleisiese Grand Prix|tweede Grand Prix van 2013, dié van Maleisië]], kwalifiseer hy vierde, waarna hy derde eindig na 'n opwindende stryd met beide Red Bulls en Nico Rosberg. Dit was sy eerste podium vir sy nuwe span Mercedes.
Reeds by die volgende [[2013 Chinese Grand Prix|Grand Prix, dié van China]], was hy in die voorste wegspringplek vir Mercedes, presies een jaar na die eerste vir Mercedes (Rosberg, China 2012). Uiteindelik eindig hy die wedren weer in die derde plek. Na die derde vrye oefensessie van die [[2013 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Grand Prix in Bahrein]] is Lewis gestraf omdat hy sy ratkas laat verander het. Nadat hy vierde gekwalifiseer het, het hy die ren in die negende plek begin. Na 'n taktiese wedren eindig hy in die vyfde plek. Hy het op die ranglys vir die Wêreldkampioenskap verby Alonso, wat 'n swak wedren beleef het, na die derde plek opgeskuif.
Aan die begin van die [[2013 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spaanse Grand Prix]] beklee Mercedes die hele voorry na kwalifisering, met Nico Rosberg op #1 en Lewis Hamilton tweede. Gedurende die ren het Mercedes egter te veel bandslytasie ondervind, en albei jaers sak terug in die veld. Hamilton eindig uiteindelik punteloos in die twaalfde plek.
Hamilton het ook in die tweede plek vir die Grand Prix in Monaco gekwalifiseer, reg agter Nico Rosberg. Albei het die ren goed begin en het eerste en tweede gebly. Maar tydens die taktiese gesukkel as gevolg van 'n veiligheidsmotor-periode, val Hamilton terug na die vierde plek, waar hy uiteindelik eindig. Rosberg behaal die eerste oorwinning van die seisoen vir Mercedes.
In [[2013 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanada]] was Hamilton die grootste deel van die ren tweede, maar 'n paar rondes voor die einde is hy deur Fernando Alonso verbygesteek. Hy verower nogtans 'n podiumplek.
In die [[2013 Britse Grand Prix|Britse Grand Prix]] het Lewis 'n vierde plek behaal. Na die vinnigste tyd in oefening het hy aanvanklik die wedren gelei, maar in die agtste rondte 'n band gebars, wat hom aanvanklik baie laat terugsak het. Hy sou egter nie die enigste een wees wat hierdie probleem gely het nie, en deels weens die vertraging wat daartoe gelei het, het Hamilton uiteindelik daarin geslaag om hom tot die vierde plek op te werk.
Hy was weer voor vir die [[2013 Duitse Grand Prix|Duitse Grand Prix]], maar het na 'n swak wegspring teruggesak na die derde plek. Weens die nuwe [[Pirelli]]'s het Mercedes weer 'n paar probleme met die bande gehad. Hamilton het ver teruggeval, maar ná 'n puik eindronde het hy steeds vyfde geëindig.
In die [[2013 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongaarse Grand Prix]] het hy beter gevaar. Die Brit was vir die vierde keer op die voorwegspringplek, maar anders as in vorige Grand Prix-wedrenne, het hy daarin geslaag om voor te bly en hierdie keer het hy die wedren gewen.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.racecar.com/Motorsport/News/Lewis-Hamilton-takes-pole-to-flag-victory-in-hungary/59153.htm|title=Lewis Hamilton takes pole to flag victory in Hungary|work=Racecar|publisher=Racecar New Media Services Ltd.|date=28 Julie 2013|access-date=31 Julie 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517185613/http://www.racecar.com/Motorsport/News/Lewis-Hamilton-takes-pole-to-flag-victory-in-hungary/59153.htm|archive-date=17 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pirelli het weer nuwe bande vir hierdie Grand Prix gebruik, wat verder verbeter is na dié van die vorige Grand Prix in Duitsland.
Die [[2013 Belgiese Grand Prix|Belgiese Grand Prix]]: Tydens 'n kwalifiserende sessie met wisselende weerstoestande behaal hy weer die voorste wegspringplek, maar tydens die ren word hy op die Kemmel-pylvak deur Sebastian Vettel ingehaal. Uiteindelik moes hy met die derde plek tevrede wees.
Die [[2013 Italiaanse Grand Prix]] was minder suksesvol. Hy het slegs in die twaalfde plek gekwalifiseer, maar ná 'n sterk eindpoging kon hy steeds negende eindig. Ook tydens die [[2013 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Grand Prix in Singapoer]] eindig hy slegs vyfde in die kwalifisering. Hy het die ren ook in die vyfde plek voltooi.
Met die [[2013 Koreaanse Grand Prix|Koreaanse Grand Prix]] was hy die vinnigste tydens die eerste en tweede vrye oefening. Hy kwalifiseer tweede ná Vettel. Die wedren was egter minder suksesvol. Die bande het weer moeilikheid gegee en hy eindig uiteindelik vyfde.
Mercedes het vroeër opgehou om die motor te ontwikkel, wat die vierde plek die hoogste moontlike vir die res van die seisoen gemaak het. Hamilton eindig uiteindelik die 2013-seisoen in die vierde plek.
;[[2014 Formule Een-seisoen|2014]]
Veranderinge aan enjinregulasies vir die 2014-seisoen, wat die gebruik van turbo-hibriede enjins vereis het, het bygedra tot die begin van 'n uiters suksesvolle era vir Hamilton. Hierdie jaar het Mercedes 16 van die 19 wedrenne daardie seisoen gewen, 11 van dié wat Hamilton verseker het toe hy in 'n seisoenlange tweestryd om die titel teen spanmaat Rosberg geseëvier het. Hamilton het sy tweede jaerstitel ingepalm en die oorwinningstelling van alle Britse jaers voor hom verbygesteek, en ná die laaste wedren in [[2014 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi]] oor die spanradio verklaar: "Dit is die grootste dag. van my lewe."
Die seisoen het belowend afgeskop vir Mercedes. Gedurende die voorseisoense toetse is Mercedes as die gunsteling vir die nuwe seisoen aangewys omdat die nuwe Mercedes renmotor baie betroubaar gelyk het. Die ander spanne het al baie probleme ondervind en Mercedes vertrek met selfvertroue na die seisoensopening in Australië. Lewis Hamilton het die voorste wegspringplek na 'n reënerige kwalifiseringsessie ingeneem voor die tuisrenjaer [[Daniel Ricciardo]]. Die wedren was egter minder suksesvol. Hamilton het ná drie rondtes onttrek met 'n enjinprobleem. Sy spanmaat Nico Rosberg het daarin geslaag om die wedren met 'n groot voorsprong te wen.
Hamilton het weer die voorste wegspringplek by die [[2014 Maleisiese Grand Prix|Maleisiese Grand Prix]] behaal. Dit was die 33ste keer in sy loopbaan, wat hom gelykop gemaak het met [[Jim Clark]] as die Brit met die meeste voorste wegspringplekke. Tydens die wedren was Hamilton se oorwinning nooit in gedrang nie. Hy het die wedren voor sy spanmaat Rosberg en Sebastian Vettel gewen.
Die voorbereiding vir die [[2014 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Grand Prix in Bahrein]] het vir Hamilton belowend gelyk. Hy was die vinnigste in al drie oefensessies. Tog het sy spanmaat sy eerste voorposisie vir die seisoen behaal. In die eerste draai het Lewis, wat beter weggespring het, Rosberg verbygesteek. Na 'n paar aanvalle het Rosberg hom uiteindelik laat gaan. Nadat die veiligheidsmotor aan die einde van die ren op die baan gekom het (na 'n swaar botsing tussen Maldonado en Gutiérrez) en Hamilton op die harde bande was, terwyl sy spanmaat op die sagtes was, het dinge opwindend geraak. Hamilton kon egter alle aanvalle afweer en wen sodoende die Grand Prix van Bahrein vir die eerste keer in sy loopbaan.
In 'n nat kwalifiseringsessie het Hamilton die voorwegspring vir die [[2014 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese Grand Prix]] met meer as 'n halwe sekonde voor [[Daniel Ricciardo]] ingeneem. Tydens die ren is Hamilton nooit bedreig nie en jaag hy na sy derde oorwinning agtereenvolgens voor Rosberg en [[Fernando Alonso]].In Barcelona was dit weer Lewis Hamilton wat die eerste plek tydens die kwalifisering vir die Spaanse Grand Prix verower het. Hy het die hele tyd van oorstuur gekla, maar uiteindelik het hy dit met twee tiendes van 'n sekonde voor Rosberg en een sekonde oor Ricciardo behaal. Die motor was ook nie soos dit moes wees tydens die ren nie. Nadat hy aan die begin van sy spanmaat weggejaag het, was die wedren aan die einde steeds opwindend. Rosberg, op die sagter bande, het ingehaal tot minder as 'n sekonde, maar Hamilton kon daarin slaag om sy eerste Spaanse Grand Prix te wen, sy vierde agtereenvolgende sege.
In [[2014 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] het Hamilton tweede gekwalifiseer, ná 'n omstrede voorste wegspringplek vir Rosberg. Lg. het in sy laaste rondte gerem, die geel vlae laat waai en Hamilton kon nie sy tyd verbeter nie. Tydens die wedren kon hy nie sy spanmaat verbysteek nie.
Nadat hy ook in Kanada tweede weggespring het, moes Hamilton ongeveer halfpad deur die ren onttrek met oorverhitte agterremme en 'n enjinmisvuur. Rosberg, wat ook gesukkel het met enjin- en remprobleme, het tweede geëindig om 22 punte te behaal. Die Red Bull-jaer Daniel Ricciardo het die probleme by Mercedes aangegryp om na sy eerste Grand Prix-sege te jaag.
Hamilton het sesde weggespring in sy [[2014 Britse Grand Prix|tuiswedren op Silverstone]]. Die kwalifisering het in nat toestande plaasgevind en die Brit het sy laaste rondte afgebreek omdat die eerste twee sektore baie natter was as voorheen. Die laaste sektor was egter byna heeltemal droog, en hy het dus die paal gemis. Na die swaar ongeluk van [[Kimi Räikkönen]] en die uitval van Rosberg, het Hamilton sy tuiswedren vir die eerste keer sedert 2008 gewen. In die wêreldkampioenskap was hy nou slegs vier punte agter Rosberg.
Lewis Hamilton het in kwalifisering vir die [[2014 Duitse Grand Prix|Duitse Grand Prix]] gebots weens 'n remprobleem. Hy sou oorspronklik van vyftiende af wegspring, maar nadat sy ratkas vervang is, is hy nog vyf plekke op die rooster gestraf. Na 'n indrukwekkende inhaalwedren eindig hy uiteindelik derde.
Tydens die kwalifisering in [[2014 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] het die noodlot Hamilton weer getref. 'n Brandstoflek het beteken dat hy die stryd in die eerste kwalifiserende deel met 'n brandende enjin moes prysgee. Rosberg (spanmaat en, saam met Hamilton, die vernaamste mededinger om die titel), begin vanaf die paalposisie. Danksy 'n nat baan aan die begin van die ren en twee veiligheidsmotors het Lewis weer die wenstreep in die derde plek oorgesteek voor Rosberg. Sy agterstand op die punteleer het tot elf punte gekrimp.
Die kwalifikasie vir die [[2014 Belgiese Grand Prix|Grand Prix van België]] het goed verloop. Slegs 'n probleem met die remme het veroorsaak dat hy die voorposisie in die guns van Rosberg misgeloop het. Hamilton het 'n baie goeie wegsprong gehad en het dadelik die voortou voor Rosberg geneem. In die tweede ronde het Rosberg egter sy spanmaat aan die buitekant van ''Les Combes'' probeer verbysteek. Die poging het misluk, maar Rosberg gee nie bes nie. Hy draai skerp in en raak Hamilton se agterwiel. 'n Pap band het daartoe gelei dat Hamilton ver teruggeval het, en met bykomende skade aan die motor kon hy nie verbeter nie. Hamilton het uiteindelik 'n paar rondtes voor die einde onttrek.In die [[2014 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Grand Prix van Italië]] is die rolle tussen die twee Mercedes-jaers omgedraai en was dit Rosberg wat aanvanklik van die tweede plek af aan die voorpunt was, terwyl Hamilton 'n tydjie vanuit voorwegspring nodig gehad het om 'n minder goeie begin te maak langs sy spanmaat. Rosberg het egter twee keer in die eerste ''chicane'' (oorkruising) gerem en albei kere reguit geskiet. Die tweede keer het dit hom die oorwinning gekos, want toe was Hamilton so naby dat hy die leiding kon oorneem, en het nie daarvan afstand doen nie. Felipe Massa het daarin geslaag om vir die eerste keer na 'n podiumplek agter die tweestrydige Mercedes-paar in sy Williams te vorder; hy eindig derde.
Die kwalifisering vir die Grand Prix in Singapoer was veral opwindend. Hamilton het uiteindelik die posisie met sewe duisendste van 'n sekonde voor sy spanmaat ingeneem. Boonop het Rosberg al voor die aanvang van die ren probleme met 'n beneukte stuurwiel gehad en moes hy vanuit die kuipe wegspring. Hamilton was byna die hele ren voor en het uiteindelik voor Vettel en Ricciardo gewen. In die 14de rondte moes Rosberg noodgedwonge tou opgooi en het Hamilton daarmee die voortou in die Wêreldbekerkampioenskap geneem.
Hamilton het tweede gekwalifiseer vir die [[2014 Japannese Grand Prix]]. Die ren het agter die veiligheidsmotor begin weens slegte weerstoestande. Na 'n paar rondtes kom die veiligheidsmotor in en Hamilton probeer dadelik Rosberg, wat heelvoor begin het, verbysteek. Halfpad deur die wedren slaag hy met 'n gewaagde maneuver in die eerste draai. Die wedren is uiteindelik nege rondes vroeër beëindig weens 'n hewige ongeluk deur [[Jules Bianchi]]. Hamilton was tien punte voor Rosberg.
In die [[2014 Russiese Grand Prix|nooiens Russiese Grand Prix]] het Hamilton van voor af weggespring. Rosberg kom in die tweede draai langs hom, maar rem en laat Hamilton weer verby om 'n straf te vermy. Boonop moes hy onmiddellik daarna by die kuipe intrek om sy bande te ruil wat tydens die remmaneuver beskadig is. Alhoewel Rosberg slaag om van die agterveld af tot in die tweede plek te vorder, was Hamilton nie meer onder druk nie en wen hy dus die eerste Russiese Grand Prix.
Nog 'n oorwinning op die [[Circuit of the Americas]] sou Hamilton 'n tree nader aan sy tweede wêreldtitel bring. Nadat hy oorheersend was in die vrye oefensessies, moes hy steeds die voorste wegspringplek aan Rosberg oorgee, ook omdat hy 'n probleem met sy remme ondervind het. Ongeveer halfpad deur die [[2014 Verenigde State Grand Prix|ren]] het Hamilton Rosberg egter verbygesteek en na sy vyfde oorwinning in 'n ry, sy tiende van die seisoen, gery. Dit gee hom 24 punte meer as Rosberg, met nog twee wedrenne in die seisoen oor.
Kwalifisering was 'n ware riller op die [[José Carlos Pace-renbaan]] in Interlagos. Rosberg het die voorste wegspringplek behaal met skaars 33 duisendste voorsprong. Tydens die wedren het Hamilton byna die hele ren tweede gelê, maar 'n fout net voor sy tweede kuipestop het hom agter Rosberg laat terugval. Hamilton was nog binne 'n sekonde van sy spanmaat, maar kon nooit regtig 'n aanval loods nie. Hamilton het nog 17 punte voorsprong op Rosberg in die kampioenskap gehad.
Die wêreldkampioenskap is eers in [[2014 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi]] beslis. Hamilton het tweede weggespring ná 'n morsige kwalifiserende rondte. Hy het egter 'n uitstekende wegsprong gehad en was reeds voor in die eerste draai voor Rosberg, sy enigste oorblywende mededinger. Die gaping het ongeveer drie sekondes gebly totdat Rosberg elektroniese probleme ondervind het. Hamilton was op pad na 'n oorwinning, maar moes eers vir Massa afskud om sodoende sy tweede wêreldtitel te verower.
Nuwe bestuurdernommerregulasies wat vir 2014 ingebring is, het bestuurders toegelaat om 'n unieke motornommer te kies om vir hul hele loopbaan te gebruik, en Hamilton het gekies om onder sy ou karting nr. 44 te ry vir die res van sy loopbaan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.ph.msn.com/sports/numbers-up-for-2014-formula-one-drivers-3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113220941/http://news.ph.msn.com/sports/numbers-up-for-2014-formula-one-drivers-3 |title=Numbers up for 2014 Formula One drivers |publisher=MSN News |date=10 January 2014 |archive-date=13 January 2014 |access-date=5 July 2015}}</ref>
;[[2015 Formule Een-seisoen|2015]]
Die nuwe seisoen begin net soos die vorige een geëindig het. Lewis Hamilton verower 'n voorwegsprong in [[2015 Australiese Grand Prix|Australië]] voor sy spanmaat Rosberg met meer as ses-tiendes van 'n sekonde tydverskil, en hy behaal sy eerste oorwinning van 2015 voor Rosberg en Vettel.
In [[2015 Maleisiese Grand Prix|Maleisië]] ondervind die Mercedes-renjaers 'n paar probleme tydens die vrye oefeninge en hulle verloor baie tyd. Tydens 'n nat kwalifisering het Hamilton wel paal behaal. Die wedloop het egter in baie warm toestande plaasgevind, waarin die Ferraris baie goed presteer het, en [[Sebastian Vettel|Vettel]] vir Hamilton gewen het.
In [[2015 Chinese Grand Prix|China]] behaal Lewis Hamilton die voorwegspringposisie slegs skaars vier honderdstes voor Rosberg. Die wedren is ook deur Hamilton oorheers en hy het uiteindelik sy tweede ren van die seisoen gewen.
Die vierde paal van die jaar het in [[2015 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahrein]] gekom. Hy kwalifiseer daar voor Vettel en Rosberg. Vettel moes 'n ekstra stop maak vir 'n nuwe vlerk, wat beteken het dat Hamilton nooit regtig vir 'n oorwinning bedreig is nie. Räikkönen het 'n alternatiewe strategie gehad, en verower die tweede plek voor Rosberg.
Vir die eerste keer in 2015 kon Hamilton nie voor kwalifiseer nie, in [[2015 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]] behaal hy Saterdag die tweede plek. Na 'n powere wegspring op Sondag het Hamilton lank agter Vettel gebly, maar 'n alternatiewe kuipestop-strategie het verseker dat hy hom kon verbysteek en steeds tweede geëindig het. Sy voorsprong in die kampioenskap is verminder tot twintig punte bo spanmaat Rosberg.
Ná die voorval 'n jaar tevore was Hamilton vasbeslote om hierdie keer in [[2015 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] te wen. Hy het die voorste wegspringplek ver voor Rosberg en Vettel geneem. Die ren is deur Hamilton oorheers totdat [[Max Verstappen]] met enkele rondtes oor swaar gebots het: veiligheidsmotor. Mercedes besluit om Hamilton by die kuipe in te trek, maar dit het hom laat terugval na die derde plek op die baan. In die laaste rondtes kon Hamilton nie meer vir Rosberg en Vettel inhaal nie, dus het sy span se flater hom derde laat eindig en sy voorsprong in die kampioenskap tot 10 punte laat krimp.
Die voorbereiding vir die [[2015 Kanadese Grand Prix]] verloop nie vlot nie. Hamilton het in die tweede vrye oefening gebots en het die stadigste tyd in die laaste vrye oefening aangeteken. Hy behaal egter die voorste wegspringplek met 'n ruim voorsprong bo Rosberg en Räikkönen. Na 'n maklike wedren het hy uiteindelik sy vierde ren van die seisoen ingepalm.
In [[2015 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenryk]] het Hamilton weer van voor af weggespring, ondanks 'n fout in sy laaste vinnige rondte. Tydens die wegsprong het Rosberg hom egter verbygesteek. Hy eindig die wedren in die tweede plek. In sy [[2015 Britse Grand Prix|tuiswedren]] het hy weer die voorwegspringposisie behaal. Hamilton het egter weereens swak weggespring en hy is deur Massa en [[Valtteri Bottas]] verbygesteek. Met slim taktiese spel rondom die bandruilings het Mercedes - deur hom vroeër by die kuipe te laat aandoen - daarin geslaag om Hamilton op die voorpunt te plaas. Hamilton het vir die tweede agtereenvolgende jaar op Silverstone gewen.
[[2015 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] het baie belowend begin: Hamilton was die vinnigste in alle oefeninge en alle kwalifiserende dele. Hy het paalposisie met meer as 'n halwe sekonde voor sy spanmaat Rosberg geneem. Die wedrenhet egter nie so goed verloop nie. Aan die begin het hy teruggesak na P4 en later in die eerste ronde het hy verder teruggesak na P10 nadat hy van die baan af gegaan het. Na 'n inhaalwedren het hy weer vierde gelê toe die veiligheidsmotor van die baan aftrek. Met die wegspring was daar kontak met Ricciardo, waarna hy 'n nuwe voorvleuel moes kry en later ook 'n deurrystraf gekry het. Weer val hy terug na P13. Na nog 'n inhaalresies het hy uiteindelik sesde geëindig. Hy het wel sy voorsprong in die Wêreldbekertoernooi vergroot omdat Rosberg ook teruggeval het na 'n botsing.
'n Jaar na die opspraakwekkende botsing met sy spanmaat was Hamilton op soek na wraak in België. Hy het sy tiende paal van die seisoen geneem met meer as 0,4 sekondes voorsprong. Tydens die wedren is hy nooit bedreig nie en hy wen dus sy tweede [[Belgiese Grand Prix]].
In [[2015 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italië]] het hy sy voorsprong in die kampioenskap tot 53 punte vergroot. Hamilton het die voorste wegspring behaal en het gemaklik gewen. Rosberg is 2 rondtes voor die einde met 'n brandende enjin uit. Dit was nog steeds die vraag of Hamilton die oorwinning kon behou nadat 'n ondersoek na lae banddruk tydens die wedren begin is. Geen aksie is egter geneem nie. Lewis het die naweek in Italië afgesluit met al die vinnigste tye tydens die vrye oefening en kwalifisering, vinnigste rondte en het alle rondtes voorgeloop en daarmee die wedren gewen.
;[[2016 Formule Een-seisoen|2016]]
2016 het nie goed vir Hamilton begin nie, hy het elke keer agter sy spanmaat Nico Rosberg geëindig by die [[2016 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese GP]], [[2016 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese GP]], [[2016 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahreinse GP]] en [[2016 Russiese Grand Prix|Russiese GP]]. In die [[2016 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spaanse GP]] het Rosberg en Hamilton reeds in die eerste draai aan mekaar geraak en die wedren het vir albei geëindig. Hamilton het twee oorwinnings na mekaar in [[2016 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] en Kanada behaal terwyl Rosberg vyfde en sewende geëindig het. Die gaping tussen hom en Rosberg het van 43 punte tot 9 punte verklein. Rosberg het die eerste [[Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Grand Prix in Azerbeidjan]] gewen en Hamilton het vyfde geëindig, wat Rosberg 'n voorsprong van 24 punte op die punteleer gegee het.
Hamilton het die [[2016 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenrykse GP]] gewen ná 'n skouspelagtige laaste rondte. By die haarnaalddraai na die eerste DRS stuk, het Rosberg aan die binnekant gehou en Hamilton aan die buitekant, Hamilton het Rosberg raakgery wat Rosberg 'n stukkie van sy voorvlerk gekos het. Rosberg se voorvlerk het bly weerstand bied op die padoppervlak en hy het vierde geëindig. Verskil 11 punte ten gunste van die Duitser. Tydens die [[2016 Britse Grand Prix|Britse GP]] het Hamilton voordeel getrek uit die Mercedes-span wat inligting aan Rosberg verskaf het via die boordradio. Dit was verbode om daardie soort inligting aan die jaer te gee, dit het beteken dat Rosberg van 2de na 3de plek afgeskuif het, maar die voorloper op die punteleer gebly het. Hamilton het die Hongaarse GP gewen, wat hom 'n voorsprong van 6 punte gegee het.
Ná die [[2016 Japannese Grand Prix|Japannese GP]] was Hamilton 33 punte agter in die wêreldkampioenskap. In die [[2016 Verenigde State Grand Prix|Verenigde State GP]], [[2016 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|Meksikaanse GP]], [[2016 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|Brasiliaanse]] en [[2016 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi GP's]] was Hamilton telkens eerste en Rosberg tweede, maar Rosberg het 'n 5 punte voorsprong in die kampioenskap behou en die eerste (en laaste) keer in sy loopbaan wêreldkampioen geword.
;[[2017 Formule Een-seisoen|2017]]
2017 het goed begin vir Hamilton toe hy die voorwegspringplek voor Vettel behaal het by die [[2017 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese GP]]. Hamilton het 'n goeie wegsprong gehad en kon die voorsprong behou. Hamilton het eerste die kuipe aangedoen en moes Max Verstappen verbysteek om sy eerste plek te behou. Hy kon dit nie doen nie en Vettel was eerste op die baan ná sy kuipestop. Vettel wen die wedren voor Hamilton. Hamilton se nuwe spanmaat [[Valtteri Bottas]] eindig derde. Vir die eerste keer sedert 2014 was daar geen Mercedes-jaer voor in die wêreldkampioenskap ná die eerste ren nie.
In die tweede, vyfde en 7de wedrenne van die seisoen, die Chinese, Spaanse en Kanadese GP's, het Hamilton weer eerste voor Vettel gekwalifiseer. Hamilton se wegsprong was goed en hy het die voortou behou. Hamilton het 'n gemaklike wedren gery en die wedren voor Vettel en Verstappen gewen.
In [[2017 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] het Hamilton nie tydens die kwalifisering K2 gehaal nie, weens 'n ongeluk deur [[Stoffel Vandoorne]]. Hy begin vanaf die 13de plek. In die wedloop kon hy wel verskeie plekke inhaal en eindig in die 7de plek.
Hamilton het weer voor Vettel in die [[2017 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix]] weggespring. Weens meganiese probleme vir Max Verstappen en Daniil Kvjat het die veiligheidsmotor op die baan verskyn. Beide Hamilton en Vettel kry nuwe bande en keer in dieselfde volgorde terug na die baan. Hamilton kla verskeie kere oor die veiligheidsmotor, wat volgens hom te stadig ry. In rondte 19 het dit gelei tot 'n voorval tussen Vettel en Hamilton. Hamilton het teruggehou sodat hy ver genoeg buite die veiligheidsmotorlyn gebly het, Vettel tref Hamilton se Mercedes aangesien hy dit nie verwag het nie. Vettel beskuldig Hamilton daarvan dat hy hom “rem kontroleer”. Gevolglik raak hy Hamilton deur sy bande teen Hamilton se bande te tik. Na nog 'n rooi vlag word die wedren hervat, en Vettel is 'n tien sekonde stop-en-rystraf vir sy vroeëre optrede opgelê.
In die [[2017 Britse Grand Prix]] verower Hamilton die voorwegspringplek met 'n groot voorsprong. Vettel het in die derde plek weggespring. Hy het die wedren met gemak gewen en elke rondte voorgeloop. Vettel het sewende geëindig nadat hy in die laaste rondte 'n pap band opgedoen het. Vir ’n oomblik het dit gelyk of Hamilton die voortou in die Wêreldbeker gaan neem, maar Vettel het dit met net een punt behou.
;[[2018 Formule Een-seisoen|2018]]
Hamilton begin die seisoen soos in 2017. Hy neem die voorwegsprongplek in [[2018 Australiese Grand Prix|Australië]] met agt tiendes voor Räikkönen. Sy titelmededinger van die vorige jaar, Vettel, was derde. In die wedren het Hamilton ná die wegspring die voortou behou. Alles het gelyk of hy die wedren gaan wen, maar ’n virtuele veiligheidsmotor het Vettel toegelaat om die voortou te neem. Hamilton kon dit nie verstaan nie, want hy het gedink hy het alles reg gedoen. Mercedes het ná die wedren verklaar dat daar 'n fout in hul sagteware was wat Vettel voor Hamilton geplaas het. Vettel het die wedren voor Hamilton en Räikkönen gewen.
Die tweede wedren van die seisoen was hierdie keer nie in China nie, maar in [[2018 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahrein]]. Hamilton het vierde gekwalifiseer. Hy het egter eers negende weggespring, want hy het ’n roosterstraf van vyf plekke gekry omrede sy ratkas omgeruil is. Ferrari kon die voorry ten volle beset met Vettel in paalposisie. Vettel het die ren gewen, maar Hamilton kon steeds derde eindig, deels omdat Räikkönen uitgeval het.
Die eerste vrye oefening het goed begin vir Hamilton in [[2018 Chinese Grand Prix|China]]. Hy was die vinnigste en het gehoop om sy eerste oorwinning van die seisoen te behaal. Dit was egter nie die geval nie. Hy het weer vierde gekwalifiseer, terwyl die Ferrari's weer die voorry gehad het met Vettel heel voor. Hamilton het vierde geëindig, Vettel het net agtste geëindig weens 'n botsing met Verstappen. Daniel Ricciardo het die wedren gewen, deels danksy 'n goeie strategie van Red Bull Racing.
Ná ’n teleurstellende naweek in China het Hamilton gehoop om dié keer in [[2018 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Bakoe]] te wen. Vettel het weer paal gevat en Hamilton het tweede weggespring. Aan die begin kon hy nie vir Vettel verbysteek nie en Vettel het gou van Hamilton af weggetrek. Ná die kuipestop van Hamilton en Vettel was Bottas voor. Bottas kon die voortou behou weens ’n veiligheidsmotor nadat albei Red Bulls mekaar getref het. Vettel het ná die herbegin ’n waaghalsige poging aangewend om Bottas verby te steek. Dit het nie gewerk nie en hy het verskeie plekke verloor. Dit het gelyk of Mercedes dit 1-2 gaan maak totdat Bottas oor 'n bietjie puin van een van die Red Bulls gery het. Bottas het 'n pap band gekry en uitgeval. Hamilton het dus die voortou geneem en sy eerste oorwinning van die seisoen behaal. Hy was nie juis in sy noppies nie, want hy het gedink hy verdien dit nie.
Nog vars van sy oorwinning het Hamilton positief by die [[Spaanse Grand Prix]] aangekom. Hy was die vinnigste in die tweede en derde vrye oefening en kon sy tweede paal van 2018 in kwalifisering neem. Alles het perfek verloop tydens die wedren en Hamilton het die Spaanse Grand Prix gewen, sy tweede oorwinning van die seisoen. Omdat Bottas tweede geëindig het, het Mercedes hul eerste 1-2 van die seisoen behaal. Vettel het vierde geëindig om Hamilton 'n kampioenskapvoorsprong van 17 punte te gee.
Hamilton het ’n moeilike naweek in [[2018 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] verwag, veral omdat hy verlede jaar sewende geëindig het. Hy kon derde kwalifiseer, maar Vettel het in die tweede plek gekwalifiseer. Ricciardo het paal gevat. Die wedren self het geen verandering vir die top drie gehad nie. Ricciardo het die wedren gewen en wraak geneem vir wat in 2016 gebeur het. Vettel was tweede en Hamilton derde. Dit het sy voorsprong van sewentien punte tot veertien punte verminder.
Voor die [[2018 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanadese Grand Prix]] het Hamilton Michael Schumacher se rekord vir die meeste oorwinnings in Kanada van ses oorwinnings geëwenaar. In vrye oefening het dit duidelik geword dat Mercedes nie die regte ding gedoen het deur hul enjinopgradering na die volgende ren uit te stel nie. Vettel het paal behaal en Hamilton was net vierde. Vettel het die wedren gewen en Hamilton het vyfde geëindig. Met dié uitslag het Vettel die voorsprong in die Wêreldkampioenskap met een punt teruggeneem.
Die [[2018 Franse Grand Prix|Franse Grand Prix]] was die eerste wedren van die sogenaamde 'triple-header'. Dit het drie wedrenne in drie naweke beteken. Hamilton het die hele naweek oorheers. Hy was die vinnigste in FP1 en FP2, het nie in FP3 in die reën uitgegaan nie, en was die vinnigste in K1, K2 en K3. Dit het hom sy derde voorwegsprong van die jaar en sy 75ste loopbaan voorwegsprong besorg. In die wedren was hy heeltyd voor en het op 'n oorheersende wyse gewen. Vettel het vyfde geëindig omdat hy aan die begin van die wedren teruggesak het. Hamilton het die kampioenskapvoorsprong met veertien punte herower.
Die derde van die driedubbele wedrenne was Hamilton se [[2018 Britse Grand Prix|tuisren in Brittanje]]. Hy het die eerste jaer geword wat dieselfde Grand Prix ses keer in 'n ry gewen het. Hy kan paal vat, maar net-net. Vettel is in die tweede plek net 0.044 sekondes agter hom. Hamilton se wegspring was nie goed nie en Vettel kom voor. In die tweede draai word Hamilton deur Räikkönen getref, en hy tol. Hy val terug na die laaste plek maar kan inhaal na die tweede plek. Vettel wen die wedren en behou sy voorsprong in die kampioenskap.
Die voorlaaste wedren voor die somervakansie is Vettel se tuiswedren, die [[2018 Duitse Grand Prix|Duitse Grand Prix]]. In die kwalifisering word Hamilton gedwing om toe te kyk hoe Vettel paal haal terwyl hy weens 'n hidrouliese lek nie deur die tweede sessie kom nie. Hy moet veertiende begin. By die wedren maak hy baie plekke op en jaag vir 'n lang tyd vyfde. Omdat reën geleidelik begin val, neem Red Bull die waagstuk om Verstappen in te bring en hom op intermediums te plaas. Hierdie was 'n swak raaiskoot, want die reën bedaar skielik. Hamilton trek wel voordeel hieruit en is vierde. Verstappen verander terug na gladde bande, maar dadelik begin dit weer harder te reën. Vettel maak 'n remfout en bots in dieselfde draai waar [[Michael Schumacher]] verongeluk het. Vettel het sy eerste DNF van die seisoen. Räikkönen en Bottas gaan kuipe toe tydens die veiligheidsmotor en gee Hamilton die voortou. Hamilton wen die wedren en herwin sy voorsprong in die kampioenskap, met sewentien punte.
Die [[2018 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongaarse Grand Prix]] was die laaste wedren voor die somervakansie. Mercedes het 'n moeilike naweek verwag, net soos met Monaco. Tydens die vrye oefensessies was dit gou duidelik dat hulle swaar gaan kry. Hamilton was vyfde in FP1 en FP2 en Bottas vierde. Tydens kwalifisering het dit gereën en dit het vir Mercedes geluk gebring. Hamilton kon paal haal en Bottas was tweede. Beide Ferrari's was in die derde en vierde plek, Vettel net in die vierde plek. [[Daniel Ricciardo]] was reeds in K2 uit en Verstappen was net sewende. Dit pas Mercedes toe goed, want Hamilton kon die wedren vir die sesde keer wen, voor Vettel en Räikkönen. Bottas was slegs vyfde. Hamilton het 'n voorsprong van 24 punte in die kampioenskap gehad en het met 'n geruste hart na die somervakansie uitgesien.
Ná die somervakansie het Formule 1 na [[2018 Belgiese Grand Prix|België]] teruggekeer. Mercedes en Ferrari het albei met 'n nuwe opgradering vir hul enjins vorendag gekom. Tydens die vrye oefensessies het dit vinnig duidelik geword dat Ferrari 'n beter enjin het. Tydens die kwalifisering het Ferrari se [[Kimi Räikkönen]] 'n fout in K3 gemaak wat hom verhinder het om 'n laaste vinnige rondte te doen. Vettel se battery was nie meer voldoende gelaai nie, so hy kon ook nie ’n perfekte rondte opstel nie. Dit het Hamilton toegelaat om die voorwegspringplek te neem. [[Nico Hülkenberg]] het aan die begin van die ren gerem en met Fernando Alonso gebots. Alonso het oor [[Charles Leclerc]] gevlieg, wie se kop deur die stralekrans beskerm is. Terwyl dit gebeur het, kon Vettel Hamilton op die pylvak verbysteek. Weens die voorval met Hülkenberg, Alonso en Leclerc het die veiligheidsmotor verskyn. Vettel het Hamilton net betyds verbygesteek om die eerste plek in te neem. Ná die veiligheidsmotor het Hamilton geen kans gehad om Vettel in te haal nie. Die Ferrari was net te vinnig. Dit het Vettel toegelaat om sy agterstand tot 17 punte te verklein.
’n Week ná die Belgiese Grand Prix was dit die [[2018 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italiaanse Grand Prix]], Ferrari se tuisren. Ferrari het gehoop vir hul eerste oorwinning by Monza sedert 2010. Die naweek het goed begin toe Räikkönen paal gehaal het en Vettel tweede was. Hamilton het derde gekwalifiseer. Na die wegsprong het die voorste 3 na die eerste draai dieselfde gebly. In draai 3 het Hamilton en Vettel kontak gemaak en Vettel agterstevoor gedraai. Hamilton kon die ren voor Räikkönen en Bottas wen. Vettel was slegs vierde en het Hamilton se voorsprong tot 30 punte vergroot.
Na Monza het Singapoer gevolg. Hierdie baan was bekend as Mercedes se swak plek. Beide Ferrari's was top-gunstelinge en Red Bull kan dalk ook om paal en oorwinning meeding. Geen Ferrari was egter op paal nie, Hamilton het met 'n groot marge oor [[Max Verstappen]] en Vettel paal gehaal. Hamilton het 'n foutlose wedren gery en sy voorsprong met 40 punte vergroot.
Ná die geestelike knou wat Hamilton op die 'swak' Mercedes-baan aan Ferrari en Vettel toegedien het, moes Vettel in [[2018 Russiese Grand Prix|Rusland]] herstel. Tydens die tweede en derde vrye oefening het dit vinnig duidelik geword dat Vettel 'n baie spesiale rondte moes ry om op paal te wees. Vettel het net nie daarin geslaag om dit te doen nie, Bottas het voor Hamilton paal gehaal. Tydens die wedren het Mercedes 'n omstrede besluit geneem dat Bottas, wat toe voorgeloop het, Hamilton moes verbylaat. Bottas het dit gedoen en Lewis het die wedren gewen. Sy voorsprong het weer met 10 punte vergroot, dus 50 punte.
Die [[Japannese Grand Prix]] is een van Hamilton se gunstelinge. Tydens K3 het die eerste titel-mededinger Ferrari 'n duur fout gemaak deur albei jaers op intermediêre bande uit te stuur. Die baan was nog nie nat genoeg vir hierdie tipe band nie. Terwyl Ferrari gesukkel het, het Hamilton 'n goeie tyd opgestel en voor Bottas gekwalifiseer. Ferrari het probeer om Hamilton se tyd op ''slicks'' te verbeter, maar Räikkönen was net vierde en Vettel, weens 'n ekstra fout, negende. Hamilton was dus 8 plekke voor Vettel. Dit was ook Hamilton se 80ste paal. Vettel kon een posisie hoër begin weens 'n roosterstraf van Esteban Ocon. Hamilton het goed begin en die hele Grand Prix gelei en gewen. Bottas was tweede voor Verstappen. Vettel was sesde deels weens 'n botsing met Verstappen. Hamilton het nou 'n voorsprong van 64 punte.
In die wedren in Meksiko, moes Hamilton 7de eindig om sy wêreldtitel te verseker. Hy het 4de geëindig in 'n wedren wat deur die Nederlander Max Verstappen oorheers is. Met hierdie 4de plek het hy sy 5de titel in Formule 1 verseker en Juan Manuel Fangio se rekord geëwenaar, wat ook tussen 1951 en 1957 5 keer wêreldkampioen was.
Tydens die [[2018 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|Brasiliaanse Grand Prix]] het Hamilton vir die eerste keer in sy loopbaan 'n wedren gewen nadat hy wêreldkampioen geword het, hy het in 2008, 2014, 2015 en 2017 versuim om dit te doen, hoewel dit natuurlik bygevoeg moet word dat hy in 2008 en 2014 met die laaste wedren wêreldkampioen geword het. Hy het ook vir die eerste keer in sy loopbaan die voorwegspringplek ingeneem nadat hy wêreldkampioen geword het. Dié oorwinning het wel in sy skoot geval omdat die voorloper in die wedren, Max Verstappen, deur 'n agterloper geraak is wat 'n rondte agter was, maar op nuwe bande. Hamilton kon die twee verbysteek en het gesien hoe Verstappen hom probeer inhaal, maar het daarin geslaag om sy eerste plek te behou.
;[[2019 Formule Een-seisoen|2019]]
Die 2019-seisoen het soos die vorige jaar in [[2019 Australiese Grand Prix|Australië]] begin. Hamilton het die voorwegsprongplek ingeneem voor spanmaat Bottas en Vettel. Hamilton het 'n swak wegsprong gehad en die voortou aan Bottas verloor. Bottas het die wedren voor Hamilton en Verstappen gewen.
Die [[2019 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahreinse Grand Prix]] was die tweede wedren van die seisoen. Charles Leclerc het sy eerste voorwegsprongplek ooit behaal, Hamilton het vierde gekwalifiseer. Hamilton wen die wedren omdat Leclerc 'n enjinprobleem opgedoen het.
Die [[2019 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese Grand Prix]] was Formule 1 se 1 000ste ren. Bottas het die voorwegsprongplek gehaal en Hamilton was tweede. Hamilton het 'n goeie begin gehad en die voortou geneem. Hamilton se oorwinning was nie in die gedrang nie en hy het die 1000ste ren gewen. Mercedes het ook 'n 1-2 aangeteken, wat reeds die 3de van die seisoen was.
Die volgende wedren was in [[2019 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Azerbeidjan]]. Bottas het voor Hamilton die voorwegsprongplek gehaal. Die volgorde het nie tydens die wedren verander nie en Bottas het gewen. Dit het Bottas weer voor in die kampioenskap geplaas.
Bottas, Lewis se spanmaat, het die voorwegsprongplek gehaal in die [[2019 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spaanse Grand Prix]]. Hamilton het tweede gekwalifiseer. Hamilton het uiteindelik die ren voor Bottas en Verstappen gewen.
Monaco was dalk die belangrikste kwalifiseerder van die jaar. Net voor die [[2019 Monaco Grand Prix|Grand Prix]] is die Formule 1-legende [[Niki Lauda]] oorlede. As 'n huldeblyk aan hom het Mercedes 'n rooi halo vertoon. Hamilton het self sy helm verander, ook ter ere van Niki Lauda. Hamilton beland tydens die wedren in die moeilikheid omdat Mercedes die medium bande aan sy motor gesit het. Dit is vinniger as verwag gerelegeer en Verstappen het hom probeer inhaal. Danksy die knap baan kon Hamilton die voortou behou en dié ren wen. Hy het hierdie oorwinning aan Niki Lauda opgedra.
Die [[2019 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanadese Grand Prix]] was een van die mees omstrede wedrenne van die seisoen. Vettel het paal gehaal voor Hamilton en Leclerc. Tydens die wedren het Hamilton Vettel gedruk totdat Vettel 'n fout gemaak het. Hy het beheer verloor en op die gras gery. Toe Vettel weer op dreef wou kom, het hy amper in Hamilton vasgery. Gevolglik het Vettel 'n straf van 5 sekondes gekry. Hamilton kon Vettel nie verbysteek nie, maar omdat hy minder as 5 sekondes agter Vettel was, het Hamilton die wedren gewen. Vettel was woedend en het die nommer 1- en 2-plate voor hul motors omgeruil. Hamilton het die voortou in die kampioenskap behou.
Die [[Oostenrykse Grand Prix]] was gewoonlik 'n baan wat Mercedes goed gepas het. Hierdie jaar was dit anders. Hamilton kon net vierde kwalifiseer, net agter spanmaat Bottas. Dinge was nie veel beter tydens die wedren nie en Hamilton het die wedren in die vyfde plek voltooi. Hamilton het die kampioenskapvoorsprong behou, 31 punte voor Bottas.
Die volgende ren was Lewis Hamilton se tuisren. Bottas het Hamilton met 0.006 s vir 'n voorwegsprongplek in die [[2019 Britse Grand Prix|Britse Grand Prix]] geklop. Aan die begin van die wedren stoei Hamilton en Bottas 'n paar keer, maar Bottas behou die voortou. Bottas het sy kuipestop voor Hamilton gemaak, sodat laasgenoemde nou in 'skoon lug' gery het. As gevolg van 'n veiligheidsmotor kon Hamilton 'n 'gratis kuipestop' maak en verlaat die kuipe voor Bottas. Dit het Hamilton toegelaat om voor Bottas en Leclerc te wen.
Die [[2019 Duitse Grand Prix|Duitse Grand Prix]] is gekenmerk deur die 125ste herdenking van Mercedes in motorsport. Hamilton het die naweek goed begin deur paal te vat ten spyte daarvan dat hy siek was. Die wedren het agter die veiligheidsmotor begin weens swaar reën. Ná die veiligheidsmotor kon die wedren voortgaan, maar ná een rondte het die veiligheidsmotor weer verskyn weens 'n ongeluk deur [[Sergio Pérez]]. Tydens die wedren word die weer droog en Hamilton het na droë bande verander. Leclerc val met sy motor vas en ’n rondte later tref Hamilton ook die muur. Sodoende beskadig hy sy voorvlerk. Hamilton het 'n straf van 5 sekondes gekry omdat hy die laaste kuilbaan agter die paal betree het. Omtrent alles het verkeerd geloop en Hamilton eindig die wedren in die 11de plek. Hierdie uitslag het later na die negende plek verander, aangesien albei Alfa Romeo's gediskwalifiseer is.
Ná die slegte naweek in Duitsland wou Mercedes en Hamilton in die [[2019 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongaarse Grand Prix]] herstel. Hamilton het derde gekwalifiseer agter Verstappen, wat sy eerste paal geneem het, en Bottas. Hamilton kan Bottas aan die wegspring verbysteek en kom tweede. Bottas se voorvleuel word deur Leclerc getref en val as gevolg daarvan terug. Van daardie oomblik af is die stryd om die oorwinning tussen Hamilton en Verstappen. Albei Ferrari's het gou teruggeval. Mercedes het die strategiekeuse gemaak om 'n tweede kuipestop vir Hamilton te maak en hom op die mediumbande te sit. Hamilton moet elke rondte meer as ’n sekonde op Verstappen opmaak om hom te kan verbysteek. Hamilton slaag daarin, deels weens die vinnige agteruitgang van Verstappen se bande, en kan Verstappen verbysteek. Danksy hierdie perfek uitgevoerde strategie wen Hamilton die wedren voor Verstappen en Vettel.
Ná die somervakansie het Formule 1 na [[2019 Belgiese Grand Prix|België]] teruggekeer. Leclerc neem sy derde voorwegsprongplek van die seisoen voor Vettel en Hamilton. Na kwalifisering is dit Formule 2, waar 'n groot ongeluk plaasvind. Die jong renjaer Anthoine Hubert sterf in 'n baie ernstige voorval. Sondag vereer die jaers hom met 'n minuut van stilte en 'n swart lint aan hul arms. Die Ferraris het die pas in die kwalifisering gehad, maar die Mercedes het die rentempo gehad. In die laaste vyf rondtes kom Hamilton baie naby aan Leclerc, maar Leclerc weerstaan die druk en wen die wedren. Hy dra dit op aan sy oorlede vriend Antoine Hubert. Hamilton eindig tweede voor spanmaat Bottas.
Die volgende ren was op die Mercedesspan se teenstanders, Ferrari, se [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|tuisbaan in Monza]]. Leclerc het in Italië paal gehaal voor Hamilton en Bottas. Hierdie kwalifisering word gekenmerk deur die feit dat nie een van die tien jaers van K3 'n laaste lopie kon doen nie. Omdat hulle almal 'n glystroom wou hê, wou niemand eerste uitgaan nie. Gevolglik het niemand die eindstreep betyds bereik nie. In die wedren het Hamilton verskeie aanvalle op Leclerc geloods, wat hy oorleef het. Hamilton se bande het hierdeur baie vinnig geslyt en hy het teruggeval. Bottas het Hamilton verbygesteek terwyl hy dalk nog ’n kans het. Leclerc het die Grand Prix in Italië gewen, die eerste keer sedert 2010 dat 'n Ferrari-jaer die ren wen.
;[[2020 Formule Een-seisoen|2020]]
Die vyfde wedren van die seisoen was die herdenking van die [[70ste Herdenking Grand Prix|70ste bestaansjaar van Grands Prix]] en is by die [[Silverstone-renbaan]] gehou. Verstappen het die wedren gewen en Hamilton was tweede. Die [[2020 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spaanse Grand Prix]] is deur Hamilton gewen en hy het sy voorsprong in die kampioenskap versterk. ’n Jaar ná Anthoine Hubert se tragiese ongeluk by [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa]], het die hele F1-sirkus teruggekeer na die ikoniese renbaan in [[België]]. Hamilton het voorste gekwalifiseer, saam met sy spanmaat Bottas op tweede. Die Brit het die voortou geneem en die wedren gewen.
;[[2021 Formule Een-seisoen|2021]]
Die 2021-seisoen het beloof om 'n opwindende seisoen te wees, vir die eerste keer sedert 2013 het Red Bull 'n baie mededingende motor wat Mercedes kon uitdaag. Die seisoen het vanjaar in Bahrein begin. Max Verstappen kon sy Red Bull heelvoor plaas met Hamilton in die tweede plek. Danksy 'n uitstekende strategie van Mercedes kon Hamilton hierdie ren voor Verstappen met Bottas in die derde plek wen.
Hamilton kon voor wegspring in Imola voor die Red Bull-jaers Sergio Perez en Max Verstappen. Verstappen het 'n beter wegsprong gehad en kon beide Hamilton en Perez verbysteek. Tydens die wedren het Hamilton wel die spoed gehad, maar 'n fout het hom in die muur gedryf en sy voorvlerk beskadig. Hamilton was gelukkig omdat George Russell en Bottas gebots het, wat die veiligheidsmotor uitgebring het. Hamilton het gevolglik net ’n paar plekke verloor, en tweede agter Verstappen eindig. Hy het die kampioenskapvoorsprong met 1 punt behou, met die vinnigste rondtepunt.
Hamilton kon tweede kwalifiseer by die [[2021 Portugese Grand Prix|Portugese Grand Prix]] agter Bottas. In die wedren kon Hamilton vir Bottas verbysteek en 'n oorwinning behaal. Verstappen kon ook vir Bottas verbysteek en het in die tweede plek geëindig. Dit het reeds duidelik geword dat 'n ware titelgeveg tussen Hamilton en Verstappen sou losbreek.
In [[2021 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]] was Hamilton oppermagtig en kon hy die voorwegsprongplek en oorwinning behaal. Verstappen het weer tweede geëindig. Die verskil in punte was nou 14 punte.
[[2021 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] was nie 'n goeie naweek vir Hamilton nie, hy kon net sewende kwalifiseer terwyl Max Verstappen heel voor op die rooster was. Tydens die wedren kon Hamilton nie enige plekke inhaal nie en het slegs 7 punte aangeteken, deels weens die punt van die vinnigste rondte. Verstappen het die wedren gewen en kon die voortou in die kampioenskap neem.
By die [[2021 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix]] kon Charles Leclerc die voorwegsprongplek inneem voor Verstappen en Hamilton. Hamilton kon Leclerc in die tweede rondte verbysteek, maar het tydens die kuipstoppe die voortou aan Verstappen afgestaan. Teen die einde van die wedren het Verstappen 'n gebarsde band op die lang pylvak gely wat die einde van sy wedren beteken het. Die harde botsing het 'n rooi vlag veroorsaak. Ná die rooi vlag was daar weer 'n wegsprong, dit was die perfekte kans vir Hamilton om 25 maklike punte te verdien en weer die voortou te neem. Deur egter per ongeluk die verkeerde verstelling op sy stuurwiel aan te skakel, het hy gerem en reguit vorentoe gegaan pleks van die draai te vat. Gevolglik het beide Hamilton en Verstappen geen punte aangeteken nie.
Max Verstappen kon paal haal by die [[2021 Franse Grand Prix|Franse Grand Prix]] met Hamilton in die 2de plek. Hamilton kon hom by die wegspring verbysteek en was dus voor. Weens ’n strategiese besluit toe Verstappen nuwe mediumbande opgesit het, het hy Hamilton in die laaste rondtes kon verbysteek. Dié sege het Verstappen gehelp om sy voorsprong in die kampioenskap te vergroot.
Ná die wedren in Frankryk sou daar twee wedrenne in Oostenryk wees. In die eerste wedren het Verstappen weer die voorwegsprongplek inneem met Hamilton in 3de. Tydens die wedren kon hy Bottas verbysteek maar Verstappen was die hele naweek te vinnig. Verstappen het die wedren gewen met Hamilton in die 2de plek.
Op die tweede naweek in Oostenryk was Verstappen weer oorheersend. Hy het weer die voorwegspringplek ingeneem en op oorheersende wyse gewen, terwyl Hamilton die wedren in die vierde plek voltooi het. Gevolglik het Verstappen nou 'n voorsprong van 32 punte gehad.
Die ren in [[2021 Britse Grand Prix|Groot-Brittanje]], ook Hamilton se tuisren, was die volgende ren. Vir die eerste keer in Formule 1-geskiedenis is ’n naelren (Saterdag) ook gereël. Hierdie kort wedren sou die wegspringrooster vir Sondag se wedren bepaal. Hamilton kon voor Verstappen die voorwegspringplek in die kwalifisering verower. Tydens die naelren kon Verstappen vir Hamilton verbysteek en maklik wen. Verstappen het 3 punte aangeteken en Hamilton 2, Verstappen het sy voorsprong tot 33 punte vergroot. Verstappen, wat Sondag voor weggespring het, het 'n effens swakker wegsprong gehad, sodat Hamilton gou aangeval het. Tydens die openingsrondte het dit tot 'n voorval gelei waar albei jaers mekaar nie ruimte wou gee nie, in die Copse-draai het Hamilton se linkervoorwiel Verstappen se regteragterwiel getref. Dit het veroorsaak dat Verstappen hard teen die muur vasgejaag het, 'n 51G-botsing. Hamilton het 'n 10-sekonde-tydstraf gekry, wat hy by sy volgende kuipestop moes uitdien. Hamilton kon steeds die wedren wen deur Leclerc op rondte 50 verby te steek. Die verskil in die kampioenskap was nou net 7 punte.
By die [[2021 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongaarse Grand Prix]] kon Hamilton weer vir die eerste keer in ses renne die voorwegsprongplek inneem. Hamilton het 'n goeie wegspring gehad, maar sy spanmaat nie. Bottas het gerem en [[Lando Norris]] se [[McLaren]] getref, wat toe Max Verstappen se Red Bull getref het. Die rooi vlag is geswaai weens die baie puin op die baan. Ná die rooi vlag was die veld agter die veiligheidsmotor, maar ná een rondte is almal behalwe Hamilton vir droë bande kuipe toe. Dit was 'n strategiese fout deur Mercedes, aangesien die baan reeds heeltemal droog was. Hamilton moes dus heelagter inval nadat hy sy kuipestop gemaak het. Hy kon heelwat plekke opmaak en het in die 2de plek geëindig. Dit was egter 'n geleentheid om baie punte by Max Verstappen te wen. Verstappen het baie skade tydens die wegspring opgedoen en het die ren negende geëindig. Hamilton het die voorsprong in die kampioenskap met 8 punte oorgeneem in die somervakansie.
Ná die somervakansie het Formule 1 na België teruggekeer. Die kwalifisering is in slegte weerstoestande gehou. Gedurende K3 het Lando Norris hard gebots toe hy uit Eau Rouge en Radilion gekom het. Verstappen kon uiteindelik voor Russell in die Williams en Hamilton, die voorwegsprongplek inneem. Sondag was die weersomstandighede nog erger, daar is lank getwyfel of dit moontlik was om te jaag. Op die ou end is slegs drie rondtes agter die veiligheidsmotor gery, wat volgens die regulasies as ’n wedren tel. Verstappen is as wenner aangewys en halwe punte is toegeken.
Die volgende naweek was die jaers in Zandvoort, Verstappen se [[2021 Nederlandse Grand Prix|tuisren]]. Verstappen verower gemaklik die voorwegsprongplek en wen die ren met Hamilton twee keer in die 2de plek. Verstappen het weer die voortou geneem met 'n 3-punt voorsprong.
Die [[2021 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italiaanse Grand Prix]] is normaalweg 'n goeie baan vir Mercedes, so Hamilton het sy kans gesien om die voortou in die kampioenskap terug te neem. Nog 'n naelren is die naweek gehou. Bottas het heelvoor weggespring met Hamilton tweede en Verstappen derde. Tydens die naelren het Hamilton teruggesak na P5, Verstappen het tweede gekom en 2 ekstra punte verdien. Hy kon die wedren vanaf die voorposisie begin weens 'n roosterstraf vir Bottas. [[Daniel Ricciardo]] kon aan die begin die voortou neem, Hamilton het vierde behou nadat hy deur Verstappen wyd gedruk is. Verstappen doen 'n stadige kuipestop, dit was 'n kans vir Mercedes vir die oorsny. Hamilton kom in rondte 26 in en verlaat die kuipebaan net voor Verstappen, maar hulle pak draai 1 saam. Nie een gee die ander ruimte nie en Verstappen se motor beland op Hamilton s'n, 'n DNF vir albei is die eindresultaat.
By die [[2021 Russiese Grand Prix|Russiese Grand Prix]] het Norris sy eerste voorwegsprongplek ooit ingeneem. Hamilton het nie verder as die vierde plek gekom nie, Verstappen het weens 'n enjinwisseling nie aan die kwalifisering deelgeneem nie, wat beteken het dat hy in elk geval laaste sou wegspring. Hamilton het tydens die wedren gesukkel om Norris verby te steek, wat gelyk het of hy op pad was na sy eerste oorwinning. Verstappen het ook swaar gekry, hy het nie verder as die sewende plek gevorder nie. Weens skielike reën en die regte taktiese besluite kon Mercedes en Hamilton die wedren wen met Verstappen in die 2de plek. Norris het besluit om nie 'n kuipestop te maak nie en het op droë bande voortgegaan en sy eerste oorwinning weggegooi. Hamilton het weer die kampioenskapvoorsprong met 2 punte geneem. Met dié wedren het Hamilton sy honderdste oorwinning in Formule 1 behaal.
Die volgende wedren was in [[2021 Turkse Grand Prix|Turkye]], en as gevolg van die vervanging van sy binnebrandenjin, het Hamilton 'n roosterstraf van 10 plekke gekry. Hy kon eerste kwalifiseer en het dus die wedren in 11de begin. Valtteri Bottas wen die wedren voor Verstappen, Hamilton het in die 5de plek geëindig. Dit het Verstappen weer die voortou laat neem met 'n 6-punt voorsprong.
Die [[2021 Verenigde State Grand Prix|Verenigde State se Grand Prix]] was die afgelope jare 'n geskikte baan vir die Mercedes. Dit was egter Verstappen wat die voorwegspringplek ingeneem het met Hamilton in die 2de plek. Hamilton kon Verstappen met die wegspring verbysteek, maar 'n aggressiewe strategie deur Red Bull het Verstappen in staat gestel om weer te wen met Hamilton in die tweede plek.
Die [[Meksikaanse Grand Prix|Grand Prix van Meksiko]] is 'n baan wat beter geskik is vir die Red Bull-motor. Mercedes en Hamilton verwag dus ’n baie moeilike naweek. Teen alle kanse kon Mercedes 'n 1-2 in kwalifisering neem, met Bottas in P1 en Hamilton in P2. Tydens die wedren het hulle egter geen kans gehad nie, Verstappen het die wedren met 'n voorsprong van 16,5 sekondes gewen. Hamilton het gedoen wat hy kon en tweede geëindig in die ren. Verstappen het nou 'n voorsprong van 19 punte gehad met 4 wedrenne oor.
Hamilton moes die [[2021 São Paulo Grand Prix|São Paulo Grand Prix]] in Brasilië wen om nog ’n kans op die titel te hê, Verstappen se voorsprong was reeds 19 punte. Hy het egter 'n 5-plek roosterstraf vir Sondag se wedren gehad. Hy kon eerste kwalifiseer en het dus die naelren heelvoor begin. Hamilton is weens 'n oortreding met sy DRS gediskwalifiseer en moes laaste in die naelren wegspring. Tydens die naelren het hy 15 plekke ingehaal en 5de geëindig. Verstappen het tweede geëindig en 2 punte verdien, wat sy voorsprong tot 21 punte vergroot het. Hamilton moes die wedren in die 10de plek begin weens sy enjinverandering. Verstappen het met die wegspring die voortou geneem, maar word egter gou deur Hamilton ingehaal. Hamilton het die ren gewen en Verstappen se voorsprong tot 14 punte laat krimp.
Hamilton kon sy motor op die eerste plek plaas in [[2021 Katarse Grand Prix|Katar]], met Verstappen langs hom. Verstappen is egter steeds gepenaliseer omdat hy 'n dubbelgeelvlag geïgnoreer het, hy moes 5 plekke terugskuif en sou sewende wegspring. Hamilton het die wedren beheer en maklik gewen, Verstappen was tweede. Omdat Verstappen die punt vir die vinnigste rondte kon neem, het hy 'n voorsprong van 8 punte behou. Die kampioenskap was baie opwindend nie net vir die jaers nie, maar ook vir die vervaardigers. Mercedes het slegs 'n voorsprong van 2 punte gehad.
Die voorlaaste ren van die seisoen was in [[2021 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|Saoedi-Arabië]] by die splinternuwe [[Djedda-straatrenbaan|Djedda-baan]], 'n straatbaan wat teen hoë spoed bestuur word. Hamilton kon die voorwegspringplek inneem nadat Verstappen, wat gelyk het of hy op pad paal toe was, in sy laaste lopie 'n fout gemaak het. Bottas het tweede gekwalifiseer. Die eerste drie plekke het ná die wegspring dieselfde gebly. Weens 'n harde botsing deur [[Mick Schumacher]] was daar 'n veiligheidsmotorsituasie en Hamilton en Bottas besluit albei om 'n kuipestop te maak. 'n Paar rondtes later kom 'n rooi vlag egter op, wat Verstappen 'n gratis kuipestop besorg het. Ná die rooi vlag was daar weer 'n staande wegspring, Hamilton het baie beter as Verstappen weggespring en kon die voortou neem. Verstappen het nie ingegee nie en 'n stukkie van die baan afgesny, wat Hamilton gedwing het om terug te val na derde. 'n Paar botsings het weer 'n rooi vlag laat verskyn. Ná oorleg met die FIA is Hamilton toegelaat om tweede agter te begin en Ocon op P1 en voor Verstappen op P3. Beide Hamilton en Verstappen het beter as Ocon weggekom, maar dit was Verstappen wat die voortou geneem het. Ná ’n lang jaagtog het Hamilton ’n kans gehad om verby te steek. Verstappen het weer 'n stukkie van die baan afgesny en die renbeheer het hom vermaan om die posisie terug te gee. Verstappen het sy motor stadiger gemaak en selfs gerem, gevolglik het Hamilton agter Verstappen gebly. Hamilton het Verstappen daarvan beskuldig dat hy hom “remtoets”. Verstappen het Hamilton 'n paar rondtes later laat verbykom, maar dadelik weer die voortou geneem op die pylvak. Verstappen is 'n tydstraf van 5 sekondes opgelê omdat hy "die baan verlaat het en 'n voordeel gekry het". Hamilton kon uiteindelik vir Verstappen verbysteek en het die wedren gewen. Hy het ook die vinnigste rondtetyd behaal. As gevolg van hierdie ekstra punt was Hamilton en Verstappen gelykop op punte met slegs een ren oor.
Daardie laaste ren was die [[2021 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix]] op 12 Desember. Verstappen het voor weggespring met Hamilton in die tweede plek. Met die wegspring het Hamilton sy mededinger dadelik verbygesteek. Dit blyk toe dat hy goed op pad was na sy agtste wêreldtitel met 'n aansienlike voorsprong in die ren, totdat 'n veiligheidsmotor in rondte 53 (van 'n totaal van 58 rondtes) uitgekom het weens 'n ongeluk deur Latifi. Verstappen het toe by die kuipe aangedoen vir vars bande, wat Hamilton verhinder het om sy voorsprong te behou. Met een rondte om te gaan, is die agterlopers wat tussen die twee mededingers geplaas was, toegelaat om die veiligheidsmotor in te haal en Verstappen direk agter Hamilton te laat. Die jaers het weer weggespring met slegs een rondte oor. Op hierdie laaste rondte het Verstappen by Hamilton verbygeglip en die ren op dramatiese wyse gewen. Hamilton het dus sy agtste wêreldtitel misgeloop en Verstappen het kampioen geword. Sy span Mercedes het ná die wedren nog twee betogings ingedien, maar sonder sukses.
;[[2022 Formule Een-seisoen|2022]]
Die 2022-seisoen was 'n keerpunt vir Mercedes, ná 8 agtereenvolgende jare van titeloorwinnings. Mercedes het in die voorbereiding reeds probleme met die nuwe motor gehad. Hulle is as nommer drie agter Red Bull en Ferrari beskou.
Hamilton het 'n nuwe spanmaat in die naam van [[George Russell]] gekry. Hamilton het die seisoen in die sesde plek afgesluit met 240 punte, 35 minder as spanmaat Russell. Vir die eerste keer in sy Formule 1-loopbaan het hy nie ’n enkele wedren in ’n seisoen gewen nie. Hy het egter vyf keer tweede geëindig in 'n Grand Prix.
By die seisoenopening in [[2022 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahrein]] het Hamilton slegs vyfde op die rooster gekwalifiseer. Ferrari se [[Charles Leclerc]] oorheers die kwalifisering en wen ook die wedren met sy spanmaat [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] in die tweede plek. Na 'n veiligheidsmotor tot rondte 51 toe die wedren hervat is, het Leclerc die voortou behou oor Verstappen, wat sy kuipbemanning geradio het omdat hy vermoed het hy het 'n krageenheidprobleem. Hy is deur Sainz en Hamilton verbygesteek toe hy sy motor in rondte 54 geparkeer het. Hamilton eindig 'n verdienstelike derde plek, en behaal 15 punte in die proses.
By die volgende ren in [[2022 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|Saoedi-Arabië]] kon Hamilton nie beter as die 16de plek kwalifiseer nie. Hy eindig die wedren teleurstellend in die 10de plek terwyl sy spanmaat Russell ver voor hom op 5de eindig. Hamilton het nou 16 punte in die jaerskampioenskap gehad, net agter Russell. Dit was ook Hamilton se 180ste renbegin met Mercedes, wat Michael Schumacher se rekord oortref het vir die meeste renne wat deur 'n enkele span begin is.
In [[2022 Australiese Grand Prix|Australië]] gaan dit effens beter, die Mercedes-motors van Hamilton en Russell eindig 3de en 4de, met Hamilton op die podium. Hamilton vaar weer teleurstellend in die [[2022 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix op Imola]]. Hy het 13de gekwalifiseer en 14de in die naelloopwedloop en 13de in die hoofwedren geëindig. In die [[2022 Miami Grand Prix|Miami Grand Prix]], twee weke later, kruis Russell die wenstreep in 5de en Hamilton in 6de. Max Verstappen wen weer gemaklik voor die 2 Ferrari's.
In [[2022 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje in 2022]] is Hamilton 5de agter sy spanmaat wat 'n podiumplek verower, en in die [[2022 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] klop Russell Hamilton weer en neem 5de voor Hamilton se agtste plek.
;[[2023 Formule Een-seisoen|2023 en 2024]]
Op 31 Augustus 2023 word aangekondig dat Hamilton vir nog twee seisoene met Mercedes 'n kontrak gesluit het.<ref>{{nl}} {{Cite web |url=https://sporza.be/nl/2023/08/31/de-kogel-is-door-de-kerk-lewis-hamilton-en-george-russell-zeker-nog-2-seizoenen-de-line-up-bij-mercedes~1693484036562/?linkId=sporza%7Cvrtnws%7C%2Fnl%2Fnet-binnen%7Cteaser |title=De kogel is door de kerk: Lewis Hamilton en George Russell zeker nog 2 seizoenen de line-up bij Mercedes |date=2023-08-31}}</ref> Sukses bly egter steeds weg in 2024, in die eerste vyf wedrenne het hy vier keer buite die topvyf geëindig en in een wedren uitgesak.
;[[2025 Formule Een-seisoen|2025-seisoen]]
[[Beeld:2025 Japan GP - Ferrari - Lewis Hamilton - FP1.jpg|duimnael|regs|260px|Hamilton bestuur die Ferrari SF-25 by die [[2025 Japannese Grand Prix]]]]
Op 1 Februarie 2024 is aangekondig dat Hamilton vanaf 2025 vir die [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrarispan]] sal jaag in die plek van [[Carlos Sainz jr.]].<ref>[https://nos.nl/artikel/2507120-sensationele-transfer-is-rond-hamilton-rijdt-in-2025-voor-ferrari-sainz-weg Sensationele transfer is rond: Hamilton rijdt in 2025 voor Ferrari, Sainz weg] NOS.nl, 1 Februarie 2024</ref>
Na die nuus dat hy Mercedes vaarwel sou toeroep, het Ferrari aangekondig dat hulle 'n meerjarige ooreenkoms met Hamilton bereik het om by hul span aan te sluit vanaf 2025, op 'n kontrak wat na berig word meer as £40 miljoen per jaar werd is, wat [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] vervang het. [[Charles Leclerc]] is sy spanmaat.<ref name="contract">{{cite web|title=Team Statement|date=1 February 2024|access-date=1 February 2024|publisher=[[Scuderia Ferrari]]|url=https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/formula1/articles/scuderia-ferrari-press-release-01-feb-2024|archive-date=2 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202001954/https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/formula1/articles/scuderia-ferrari-press-release-01-feb-2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BBC24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/articles/crk4gnzgv3no|title=A bittersweet ending but the achievements remain indelible|date=4 December 2024|work=BBC Sport|access-date=7 December 2024|archive-date= 4 Desember 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204180029/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/articles/crk4gnzgv3no|url-status=live}}</ref> Hamilton het gesê dit was 'n "kindertyddroom" om vir Ferrari te ry.<ref>{{Cite web |title='The stars aligned' – Hamilton reveals the key factors behind his shock Ferrari switch |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/the-stars-aligned-hamilton-reveals-the-key-factors-behind-his-shock-ferrari.2vJRwYdyFN1J3vyTUqZMFr |access-date=17 January 2025 |website=Formula 1 |archive-date=30 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330141841/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/the-stars-aligned-hamilton-reveals-the-key-factors-behind-his-shock-ferrari.2vJRwYdyFN1J3vyTUqZMFr |url-status=live }}</ref> Soortgelyk aan sy skuif van McLaren na Mercedes in 2013, is dit merkbaar een van die mees onverwagte bestuurderoordragte in Formule Een-geskiedenis,<ref name="Athletic1Feb">{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Luke |title=Hamilton to join Ferrari in shock switch from Mercedes |url=https://theathletic.com/5243409/2024/02/01/lewis-hamilton-ferrari-mercedes/ |access-date=6 February 2024 |work=The Athletic |date=1 February 2024 |archive-date=6 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206201050/https://theathletic.com/5243409/2024/02/01/lewis-hamilton-ferrari-mercedes/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Benson |first1=Andrew |title=Lewis Hamilton will make shock move from Mercedes to Ferrari |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/68163799 |access-date=17 January 2025 |work=BBC |date=1 February 2024 |archive-date=1 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201112509/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/68163799 |url-status=live}}</ref> en was dit die eerste keer in sy loopbaan waar hy nie vir 'n Mercedes-aangedrewe span gery het nie.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 February 2024 |title=Hamilton agrees shock Ferrari F1 move for 2025 |url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/hamilton-agrees-to-shock-ferrari-f1-move-for-2025/ |access-date=1 February 2024 |website=The Race |archive-date=2 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202001843/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/hamilton-agrees-to-shock-ferrari-f1-move-for-2025/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Hy het tiende geëindig in sy debuut by die [[2025 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese Grand Prix]] ná 'n strategiese fout.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-16 |title=Lewis Hamilton says his Ferrari debut in the Australian GP 'went a lot worse' than he expected |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13329142/lewis-hamilton-says-his-ferrari-debut-in-the-australian-gp-went-a-lot-worse-than-he-expected |access-date=2025-03-16 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref> Hamilton het toe sy eerste naelrenoorwinning by die [[2025 Chinese Grand Prix]] behaal, voordat hy van die sesde plek in die hoofren gediskwalifiseer is weens oormatige glyblokslytasie.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/lewis-hamilton-and-charles-leclerc-disqualified-from-chinese-gp-in-ferrari-f1-calamity-b2720061.html |title=Lewis Hamilton and Charles Leclerc disqualified from Chinese GP in F1 calamity for Ferrari |last=Jackson |first=Kieran |date=23 March 2025 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=23 March 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323122547/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/lewis-hamilton-and-charles-leclerc-disqualified-from-chinese-gp-in-ferrari-f1-calamity-b2720061.html |archive-date=23 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nadat hy agter Leclerc geëindig het by elk van die eerste vyf Grands Prix, het Hamilton sy vroeë seisoen-stryd as "pynlik" beskryf.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6294833/2025/04/20/lewis-hamilton-explains-ferrari-struggles-f1/ |title=Lewis Hamilton warns of 'painful' F1 season ahead if Ferrari struggles continue |last=Kalinauckas |first=Alex |date=20 April 2025 |work=The Athletic |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=21 April 2025 |issn=1553-8095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421212723/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6294833/2025/04/20/lewis-hamilton-explains-ferrari-struggles-f1/ |archive-date=21 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
== Lys van Grands Prix gewen ==
{{Kolomme3
|Kolom1=
;2007
*{{vlagikoon|KAN}} [[2007 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanada]] (Montréal)
*{{vlagikoon|USA}} [[2007 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]] (Indianapolis)
*{{vlagikoon|HUN}} [[2007 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] (Mogyoród)
*{{vlagikoon|JPN}} [[2007 Japannese Grand Prix|Japan]] (Fuji)
;2008
*{{vlagikoon|AUS}} [[2008 Australiese Grand Prix|Australië]] (Melbourne)
*{{vlagikoon|MCO}} [[2008 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] (Monte Carlo)
*{{vlagikoon|GBR}} [[2008 Britse Grand Prix|Brittanje]] (Silverstone)
*{{vlagikoon|GER}} [[2008 Duitse Grand Prix|Duitsland]] (Hockenheim)
*{{vlagikoon|CHN}} [[2008 Chinese Grand Prix|China]] (Shanghai)
;2009
*{{vlagikoon|HUN}} [[2009 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] (Mogyoród)
*{{vlagikoon|SIN}} [[2009 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoer]] (Singapoer)
;2010
*{{vlagikoon|TUR}} [[2010 Turkse Grand Prix|Turkye]] (Istanboel)
*{{vlagikoon|KAN}} [[2010 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanada]] (Montréal)
*{{vlagikoon|BEL}} [[2010 Belgiese Grand Prix|België]] (Spa)
;2011
*{{vlagikoon|CHN}} [[2011 Chinese Grand Prix|China]] (Shanghai)
*{{vlagikoon|GER}} [[2011 Duitse Grand Prix|Duitsland]] (Nürburgring)
*[[Beeld:Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg|20px]] [[2011 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi]] (Yas)
;2012
*{{vlagikoon|KAN}} [[2012 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanada]] (Montréal)
*{{vlagikoon|HUN}} [[2012 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] (Mogyoród)
*{{vlagikoon|ITA}} [[2012 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italië]] (Monza)
*{{vlagikoon|VSA}} [[2012 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]] (Austin)
;2013
*{{vlagikoon|HUN}} [[2013 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] (Mogyoród)
;2014
*{{vlagikoon|MYS}} [[2014 Maleisiese Grand Prix|Maleisië]] (Sepang)
*{{vlagikoon|BHR}} [[2014 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahrein]] (Sakhir)
*{{vlagikoon|CHN}} [[2014 Chinese Grand Prix|China]] (Shanghai)
*{{vlagikoon|SPA}} [[2014 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]] (Barcelona)
*{{vlagikoon|GBR}} [[2014 Britse Grand Prix|Brittanje]] (Silverstone)
*{{vlagikoon|ITA}} [[2014 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italië]] (Monza)
*{{vlagikoon|SIN}} [[2014 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoer]] (Singapoer)
*{{vlagikoon|JPN}} [[2014 Japannese Grand Prix|Japan]] (Suzuka)
*{{vlagikoon|RUS}} [[2014 Russiese Grand Prix|Rusland]] (Sotsji)
*{{vlagikoon|VSA}} [[2014 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]] (Austin)
*[[Beeld:Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg|20px]] [[2014 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi]] (Yas)
|Kolom2=
;2015
*{{vlagikoon|AUS}} [[2015 Australiese Grand Prix|Australië]] (Melbourne)
*{{vlagikoon|CHN}} [[2015 Chinese Grand Prix|China]] (Shanghai)
*{{vlagikoon|BHR}} [[2015 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahrein]] (Sakhir)
*{{vlagikoon|KAN}} [[2015 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanada]] (Montréal)
*{{vlagikoon|GBR}} [[2015 Britse Grand Prix|Brittanje]] (Silverstone)
*{{vlagikoon|BEL}} [[2015 Belgiese Grand Prix|België]] (Spa)
*{{vlagikoon|ITA}} [[2015 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italië]] (Monza)
*{{vlagikoon|JPN}} [[2015 Japannese Grand Prix|Japan]] (Suzuka)
*{{vlagikoon|RUS}} [[2015 Russiese Grand Prix|Rusland]] (Sotsji)
*{{vlagikoon|VSA}} [[2015 VSA Grand Prix|VSA]] (Austin)
;2016
*{{vlagikoon|MCO}} [[2016 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] (Monte Carlo)
*{{vlagikoon|KAN}} [[2016 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanada]] (Montréal)
*{{vlagikoon|AUT}} [[2016 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenryk]] (Spielberg)
*{{vlagikoon|GBR}} [[2016 Britse Grand Prix|Brittanje]] (Silverstone)
*{{vlagikoon|HUN}} [[2016 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] (Mogyoród)
*{{vlagikoon|GER}} [[2016 Duitse Grand Prix|Duitsland]] (Hockenheim)
*{{vlagikoon|VSA}} [[2016 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]] (Austin)
*{{vlagikoon|MEX}} [[2016 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|Meksiko]] (Meksikostad)
*{{vlagikoon|BRA}} [[2016 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|Brasilië]] (Interlagos)
*[[Beeld:Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg|20px]] [[2016 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi]] (Yas)
;2017
*{{vlagikoon|CHN}} [[2017 Chinese Grand Prix|China]] (Shanghai)
*{{vlagikoon|ESP}} [[2017 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]] (Barcelona)
*{{vlagikoon|KAN}} [[2017 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanada]] (Montréal)
*{{vlagikoon|GBR}} [[2017 Britse Grand Prix|Brittanje]] (Silverstone)
*{{vlagikoon|BEL}} [[2017 Belgiese Grand Prix|België]] (Spa)
*{{vlagikoon|ITA}} [[2017 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italië]] (Monza)
*{{vlagikoon|SIN}} [[2017 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoer]] (Singapoer)
*{{vlagikoon|JPN}} [[2017 Japannese Grand Prix|Japan]] (Suzuka)
*{{vlagikoon|VSA}} [[2017 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]] (Austin)
;2018
*{{vlagikoon|AZE}} [[2018 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Azerbeidjan]] (Bakoe)
*{{vlagikoon|ESP}} [[2018 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]] (Barcelona)
*{{vlagikoon|FRA}} [[2018 Franse Grand Prix|Frankryk]] (Le Castellet)
*{{vlagikoon|GER}} [[2018 Duitse Grand Prix|Duitsland]] (Hockenheim)
*{{vlagikoon|HUN}} [[2018 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] (Mogyoród)
*{{vlagikoon|ITA}} [[2018 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italië]] (Monza)
*{{vlagikoon|SIN}} [[2018 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoer]] (Singapoer)
*{{vlagikoon|RUS}} [[2018 Russiese Grand Prix|Rusland]] (Sotsji)
*{{vlagikoon|JPN}} [[2018 Japannese Grand Prix|Japan]] (Suzuka)
*{{vlagikoon|BRA}} [[2018 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|Brasilië]] (São Paulo)
*[[Beeld:Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg|20px]] [[2018 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi]] (Yas)
|Kolom3=
;2019
*{{vlagikoon|AZE}} [[2019 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahrein]] (Sakhir)
*{{vlagikoon|CHN}} [[2019 Chinese Grand Prix|China]] (Shanghai)
*{{vlagikoon|ESP}} [[2019 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]] (Barcelona)
*{{vlagikoon|MCO}} [[2019 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] (Monte Carlo)
*{{vlagikoon|KAN}} [[2019 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanada]] (Montréal)
*{{vlagikoon|FRA}} [[2019 Franse Grand Prix|Frankryk]] (Le Castellet)
*{{vlagikoon|GBR}} [[2019 Britse Grand Prix|Brittanje]] (Silverstone)
*{{vlagikoon|HUN}} [[2019 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] (Mogyoród)
*{{vlagikoon|RUS}} [[2019 Russiese Grand Prix|Rusland]] (Sotsji)
*{{vlagikoon|MEX}} [[2019 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|Meksiko]] (Meksikostad)
*[[Beeld:Flag_of_Abu_Dhabi.svg|20px]] [[2019 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi]] (Yas)
;2020
*[[Beeld:Flagge_Steiermark_(mit_Rand).png|20px|rand|Vlag van Stiermarken]] [[2020 Stiermarkse Grand Prix|Stiermarke]] (Spielberg)
*{{vlagikoon|HUN}} [[2020 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] (Mogyoród)
*{{vlagikoon|GBR}} [[2020 Britse Grand Prix|Brittanje]] (Silverstone)
*{{vlagikoon|ESP}} [[2020 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]] (Barcelona)
*{{vlagikoon|BEL}} [[2020 Belgiese Grand Prix|België]] (Spa)
*[[Beeld:Flag of Tuscany.svg|20px|link=Toscane]] [[2020 Toskaanse Grand Prix|Toska]] (Scarperia e San Piero)
*{{vlagikoon|GER}} [[2020 Eifelse Grand Prix|Eifel]] (Nürburg)
*{{vlagikoon|POR}} [[2020 Portugese Grand Prix|Portugal]] (Algarve)
*[[Beeld:Flag of Emilia-Romagna (de facto).svg|20px|Vlag van Emilia-Romagna]] [[2020 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|Emilia-Romagna]] (Imola)
*{{vlagikoon|TUR}} [[2020 Turkse Grand Prix|Turkye]] (Istanboel)
*{{vlagikoon|BHR}} [[2020 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahrein]] (Sakhir)
;2021
*{{vlagikoon|BHR}} [[2021 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahrein]] (Sakhir)
*{{vlagikoon|POR}} [[2021 Portugese Grand Prix|Portugal]] (Algarve)
*{{vlagikoon|ESP}} [[2021 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]] (Barcelona)
*{{vlagikoon|GBR}} [[2021 Britse Grand Prix|Brittanje]] (Silverstone)
*{{vlagikoon|RUS}} [[2021 Russiese Grand Prix|Rusland]] (Sotsji)
*[[Beeld:Bandeira_da_cidade_de_São_Paulo.svg|18px|rand|Vlag van São Paulo]] [[2021 São Paulo Grand Prix|São Paulo]] (São Paulo)
*{{vlagikoon|QAT}} [[2021 Katarse Grand Prix|Katar]] (Lusail)
*{{vlagikoon|SAU}} [[2021 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|Saoedi-Arabië]] (Djedda)
;2022 en 2023
* Geen oorwinnings
;2024
*{{vlagikoon|GBR}} [[2024 Britse Grand Prix|Brittanje]] (Silverstone)
*{{vlagikoon|BEL}} [[2024 Belgiese Grand Prix|België]] (Spa)
;2025
* Geen oorwinnings
;2026
*[[Beeld:Flag of Catalonia.svg|20px|rand|Vlag van Katalonië]] [[2026 Barcelona-Katalonië Grand Prix|Barcelona-Katalonië]]
}}
== Formule 1-uitslae ==
{{F1 bestuurders resultate legende (weergawe 4)}}
=== 2007 tot 2020 ===
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%;"
|-
!Jaar
!Inskrywer
!Onderstel
!Enjin
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!Plek
!Punte
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2007 Formule Een-seisoen|2007]]
|Vodafone McLaren <br/>Mercedes
| [[McLaren]] <br />MP4-22
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] <br />FO 108T 2.4 [[V8-enjin|V8]]
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2007 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br />3
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2007 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]]<br />2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2007 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />2
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2007 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />2
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2007 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />2
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2007 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2007 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VST]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2007 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br />3
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2007 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2007 Europese Grand Prix|EUR]]<br />9
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2007 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2007 Turkse Grand Prix|TUR]]<br />5
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2007 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />2
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2007 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br />4
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2007 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2007 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br /><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2007 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br />7
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| '''{{Silwer}}'''
|style="background:#dfdfdf"| '''109'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2008 Formule Een-seisoen|2008]]
|Vodafone McLaren <br/>Mercedes
| [[McLaren]] <br />MP4-23
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] <br />FO 108V 2.4 [[V8-enjin|V8]]
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2008 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2008 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]]<br />5
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2008 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />13
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2008 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />3
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2008 Turkse Grand Prix|TUR]]<br />2
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2008 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />1
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2008 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br /><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2008 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br />10
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2008 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />1
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2008 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2008 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />5{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2008 Europese Grand Prix|EUR]]<br />2
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2008 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br />3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2008 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />7
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2008 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br />3
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2008 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />12{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2008 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2008 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br />5
|
|
|
|style="background:#ffffbf"| '''{{Goud}}'''
|style="background:#ffffbf"| '''98'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2009 Formule Een-seisoen|2009]]
|Vodafone McLaren <br/>Mercedes
| [[McLaren]] <br />MP4-24
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] <br />FO 108W 2.4 [[V8-enjin|V8]]
|bgcolor="#000000" style="color: #ffffff"| [[2009 Australiese Grand Prix|<span style="color: #fff;">AUS</span>]]<br /><small>DSQ</small>
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2009 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]]<br />7 ‡
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2009 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br />6
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2009 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />4
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2009 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />9
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2009 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />12
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2009 Turkse Grand Prix|TUR]]<br />13
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2009 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />16
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2009 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br />18
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2009 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />1
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2009 Europese Grand Prix|EUR]]<br />2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2009 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2009 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />12{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2009 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2009 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />3
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2009 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br />3
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2009 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br /><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#efefef"| '''5'''
|style="background:#efefef"| '''49'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2010 Formule Een-seisoen|2010]]
|Vodafone McLaren <br/>Mercedes
|[[McLaren]]<br/>MP4-25
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]<br/>FO 108X 2.4 [[V8-enjin|V8]]
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2010 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />3
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2010 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br />6
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2010 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]]<br />6
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2010 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br />2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2010 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br /><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2010 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />5
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2010 Turkse Grand Prix|TUR]]<br />1
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2010 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2010 Europese Grand Prix|EUR]]<br />2
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2010 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />2
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2010 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br />4
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2010 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2010 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br />1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2010 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2010 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2010 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />5
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2010 Koreaanse Grand Prix|KOR]]<br />2
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2010 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br />4{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2010 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br />2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|
|
|'''4'''
|'''240'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2011 Formule Een-seisoen|2011]]
|Vodafone McLaren <br/>Mercedes
|[[McLaren]]<br/>MP4-26
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]<br/>FO 108Y 2.4 [[V8-enjin|V8]]
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2011 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br />2
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2011 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]]<br />8
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2011 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br />1
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2011 Turkse Grand Prix|TUR]]<br />4
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2011 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2011 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />6
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2011 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2011 Europese Grand Prix|EUR]]<br />4
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2011 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />4
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2011 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br />1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2011 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />4
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2011 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2011 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />4{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2011 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br />5
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2011 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />5
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2011 Koreaanse Grand Prix|KOR]]<br />2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2011 Indiese Grand Prix|IND]]<br />7
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2011 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br />1
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2011 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|
|
|'''5'''
|'''227'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2012 Formule Een-seisoen|2012]]
|Vodafone McLaren <br/>Mercedes
|[[McLaren]]<br/>MP4-27
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]<br/>FO 108Z 2.4 [[V8-enjin|V8]]
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2012 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br />3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2012 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]]<br />3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2012 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br />3
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2012 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />8
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2012 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />8
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2012 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />5
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2012 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br />1
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2012 Europese Grand Prix|EUR]]<br />19
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2012 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />8
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2012 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2012 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2012 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2012 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2012 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br /><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2012 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />5
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2012 Koreaanse Grand Prix|KOR]]<br />10
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2012 Indiese Grand Prix|IND]]<br />4
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2012 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br /><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2012 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br />1
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2012 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br /><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|
|'''4'''
|'''190'''
|-
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2013 Formule Een-seisoen|2013]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]]
| Mercedes-AMG F1 W04
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]<br/>FO 108Z 2.4 [[V8-enjin|V8]]
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2013 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>5
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2013 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]]<br/>3
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2013 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/>3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2013 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>5
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2013 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>12
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2013 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>4
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2013 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>3
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2013 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>4{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2013 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br/>5{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2013 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2013 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2013 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>9{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2013 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>5
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2013 Koreaanse Grand Prix|KOR]]<br/>5
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2013 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2013 Indiese Grand Prix|IND]]<br/>6
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2013 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>7
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2013 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>4
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2013 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br/>9
|
|
| '''4'''
| '''189'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2014 Formule Een-seisoen|2014]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]]
|Mercedes-AMG F1 W05 Hybrid
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] PU106A Hybrid 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 Turbo]]
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2014 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2014 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2014 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>1
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2014 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2014 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2014 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>2
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2014 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2014 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>2
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2014 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2014 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br/>3{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2014 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>3
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2014 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2014 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2014 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2014 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2014 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2014 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>1
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2014 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br/>2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2014 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>1
|
|
|style="background:#ffffbf"| '''{{goud}}'''
|style="background:#ffffbf"| '''384'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2015 Formule Een-seisoen|2015]]
|[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]]
|[[Mercedes F1 W06 Hybrid|Mercedes-AMG F1 W06 Hybrid]]
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] PU106B Hybrid 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 Turbo]]
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2015 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2015 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2015 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2015 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2015 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#ffdf9f"| [[2015 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2015 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2015 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2015 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor="#dfffdf"| [[2015 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>6{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2015 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2015 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2015 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2015 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2015 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br/>1
|bgcolor="#ffffbf"| [[2015 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>1
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2015 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|MEX]]<br/>2
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2015 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br/>2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor="#dfdfdf"| [[2015 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|
|
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| {{goud}}
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 381
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2016 Formule Een-seisoen|2016]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]]
|Mercedes-AMG F1 W07 EQ Power+
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] M07 EQ Power+ 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=dfdfdf|[[2016 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br />2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f|[[2016 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf|[[2016 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br />7
|bgcolor=dfdfdf|[[2016 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br />2
|bgcolor=efcfff|[[2016 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br /><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2016 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2016 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf|[[2016 Europese Grand Prix|AZE]]<br />5
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2016 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2016 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2016 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />1
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2016 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br />1
|bgcolor=ffdf9f|[[2016 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br />3{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf|[[2016 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f|[[2016 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br />3
|bgcolor=efcfff|[[2016 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]]<br /><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f|[[2016 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />3
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2016 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2016 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|MEX]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2016 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2016 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
!style="background:#DFDFDF;"| {{silwer}}
!style="background:#DFDFDF;"| 380
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2017 Formule Een-seisoen|2017]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]]
|Mercedes-AMG F1 W08 EQ Power+
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] M08 EQ Power+ 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=dfdfdf|[[2017 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br />2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2017 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf|[[2017 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf|[[2017 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br />4
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2017 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf|[[2017 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />7
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2017 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf|[[2017 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br />5{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf|[[2017 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br />4
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2017 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf|[[2017 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />4
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2017 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br />1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2017 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2017 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br />1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf|[[2017 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]]<br />2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2017 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2017 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf|[[2017 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|MEX]]<br />9
|bgcolor=dfffdf|[[2017 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br />4
|bgcolor=dfdfdf|[[2017 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br />2
|
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| {{goud}}
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 363
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2018 Formule Een-seisoen|2018]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]]
|Mercedes-AMG F1 W09 EQ Power+
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] M09 EQ Power+ 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=dfdfdf|[[2018 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f|[[2018 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf|[[2018 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2018 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>1
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2018 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f|[[2018 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2018 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2018 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=efcfff|[[2018 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>DNF
|bgcolor=dfdfdf|[[2018 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2018 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br/>1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2018 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf|[[2018 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2018 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2018 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2018 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br/>1
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2018 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f|[[2018 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VST]]<br/>3{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf|[[2018 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|MEX]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2018 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf|[[2018 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| {{goud}}
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 408
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2019 Formule Een-seisoen|2019]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]]
|Mercedes-AMG F1 W10 EQ Power+
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] M10 EQ Power+ 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2019 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br />2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2019 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />1
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2019 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br />1
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2019 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br />2
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2019 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2019 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2019 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br />1
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2019 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2019 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br />5
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2019 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2019 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br />9{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2019 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />1
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2019 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br />2
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2019 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />3{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2019 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br />4
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2019 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br />1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2019 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />3{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2019 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|MEX]]<br />1
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2019 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br />2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2019 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br />7
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2019 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| {{goud}}
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 413
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2020 Formule Een-seisoen|2020]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]]
|Mercedes-AMG F1 W11 EQ Performance
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] M11 EQ Performance 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br />4
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2020 Stiermarkse Grand Prix|STI]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2020 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2020 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[70ste Herdenking Grand Prix|70J]]<br />2{{Pictogram snelste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2020 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2020 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=DFFFDE| [[2020 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />7{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2020 Toskaanse Grand Prix|TOS]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2020 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br />3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2020 Eifelse Grand Prix|EIF]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2020 Portugese Grand Prix|POR]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2020 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2020 Turkse Grand Prix|TUR]]<br />1
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2020 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BAH]]<br />1
|[[2020 Sakhir Grand Prix|SAK]]<br />Siek
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2020 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br />3
|
|
|
|
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| {{goud}}
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 347
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
! Jaar
! Inskrywer
! Onderstel
! Enjin
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! 18
! 19
! 20
! 21
! Plek
! Punte
|}
=== 2021 - tans ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:75%"
!Jaar
!Inskrywer
!Onderstel
!Enjin
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!Plek
!Punte
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2021 Formule Een-seisoen|2021]]
|[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]]
|Mercedes-AMG F1 W12 E Performance
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] M12 E Performance 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2021 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BAH]]<br />1
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2021 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br />2{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2021 Portugese Grand Prix|POR]]<br />1
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2021 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />7{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br />15
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2021 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]] <br />2
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2021 Stiermarkse Grand Prix|STI]] <br />2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]] <br />4
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2021 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]] <br/><small><sup>2</sup>1</small>
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2021 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]] <br />2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2021 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]‡ <br />3
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2021 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]] <br />2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2021 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2021 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]] <br />1
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Turkse Grand Prix|TUR]] <br />5
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2021 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]] <br />2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2021 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]] <br />2
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2021 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]] <br/>1
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2021 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]] <br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2021 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]] <br />1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2021 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]] <br />2
|
|
!style="background:#DFDFDF;"| {{silwer}}
!style="background:#DFDFDF;"| '''387½'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2022 Formule Een-seisoen|2022]]
|[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]]
|Mercedes-AMG F1 W13
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] M13 E Performance 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>10
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2022 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/>13
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>3{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/><sup>'''8'''</sup>3
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2022 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2022 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2022 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>9
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2022 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2022 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2022 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup>2
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2022 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>18 †
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef| '''6'''
|bgcolor=efefef| '''240'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2023 Formule Een-seisoen|2023]]
|[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]]
|Mercedes AMG <br/>F1 W14
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]<br/>F1 M14 E Performance 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br />5
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2023 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br />2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br /><sup>'''7'''</sup>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br />6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />4
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2023 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />2
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2023 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br />3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br />8
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2023 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />4{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br /><sup>'''7'''</sup>4{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br />6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br />6
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2023 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br />3{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />5
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2023 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/><sup>'''5'''</sup><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=000000 style=color:white| [[2023 Verenigde State Grand Prix|<span style=color:white;>VSA</span>]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup><small>DSQ</small>
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2023 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br />2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br />8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br />7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br />9
|
|
|bgcolor=ffdf9f|'''{{brons}}'''
|bgcolor=ffdf9f|'''234'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024]]
|[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]]
|Mercedes AMG <br/>F1 W15
|[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]<br/>F1 M15 E Performance 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>9
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2024 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>9
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>9
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>7{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>4{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/><sup>'''6'''</sup>4
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2024 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>1
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2024 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>1
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>9
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2024 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/><sup>'''6'''</sup><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/>10
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2024 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/><sup>'''6'''</sup>12
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=efefef|'''7'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''223'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2025 Formule Een-seisoen|2025]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari]]
| [[Ferrari]]<br/>SF-25
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br/>066/15<br/>1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>10
|bgcolor=000000 style=color:white| [[2025 Chinese Grand Prix|<span style=color:white;>CHN</span>]]<br /><sup>'''1'''</sup><small>DSQ</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2025 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>12
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2025 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2025 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''7'''</sup><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2025 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/>12
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=efefef|'''6'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''156'''
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2026 Formule Een-seisoen|2026]]*
| [[Scuderia Ferrari]]
| [[Ferrari]]<br/> SF-26
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br/> 067/6 <br/> 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2026 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><sup>'''7'''</sup>6
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2026 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/><sup>'''6'''</sup>2
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2026 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2026 Barcelona-Katalonië Grand Prix|BKT]]<br/>1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2026 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>{{0}}
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''{{F1stat|HAM|seasonposition}}'''*
|bgcolor=efefef|'''{{F1stat|HAM|seasonpoints}}'''*
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
!Jaar
!Inskrywer
!Onderstel
!Enjin
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!Plek
!Punte
|}
* <sup>'''1'''</sup> Wenner van die naelren.
* † Kon nie die ren voltooi nie, maar is geklassifiseer omrede hy meer as 90% van die wedrenafstand afgelê het.
* ‡ Halwe punte is in België toegeken in 2021 omdat daar minder as 75% van die wedren afgelê is weens hewige reën.
* '''*''' Seisoen is nog aan die gang.
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
{{Normdata}}
{{Voorbladster}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamilton, Lewis}}
[[Kategorie:Britse renjaers]]
[[Kategorie:Engelse sportlui]]
[[Kategorie:Formule Een-renjaers]]
[[Kategorie:Formule Een-Wêreldbestuurderskampioene]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1985]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
a5heveqlukqnioood7pj60ml69oa8hr
Anna Netrebko
0
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2928759
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2026-08-22T05:54:09Z
InternetArchiveBot
131157
Red 1 verwysing(s) en merk 1 as dood.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas Musikale kunstenaar
| naam = Anna Netrebko
| beeld = Anna Netrebko - Romy 2013 a.jpg
| beeldgrootte = 220px
| dwarsformaat =
| beeldbeskrywing =
| beeldonderskrif =
| agtergrondkleur = solo
| geboortenaam = <!-- Slegs vir indiwidue -->
| alias =
| geboortedatum = {{Geboortedatum en ouderdom|1971|9|18}}
| geboorteplek = <!-- Slegs vir indiwidue -->
| oorsprong = [[Krasnodar]], [[Sowjetunie]]
| sterfdatum = <!-- Slegs vir indiwidue -->
| sterfplek = <!-- Slegs vir indiwidue -->
| genre = [[klassieke musiek|Klassiek]], pop-opera
| beroep = Sangeres
| instrument =
| jare_aktief = 1993 — hede
| etiket =
| assosiasies =
| webwerf =
| huidige_lede =
| gewese_lede =
}}
'''Anna Netrebko''' is 'n Russiese sopraan. Sy is in 2008 as 'n [[Volkskunstenaar van die Russiese Federasie|Kunstenaar van die Mense in Rusland]] aangewys. Sy is bekend vir haar vertolking van Liriese – en ''coloratura'' rolle, veral die rol van Donna Anna in [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] se Don Giovanni en Violetta in [[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]] se La traviata. Sy het later oorgeskakel na swaarder 19de-eeuse romantiese rolle, soos Leonora in [[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]] se Il trovatore en die titelrol in die opera Macbeth. Sedert 2016 fokus sy op Verismo-repertorium. Sy is opgemerk nadat sy die rol van Donna Anna op die Salzburg-fees in 2002 vertolk het. Sy het daarna by toonaangewende operahuise opgetree, waaronder die Mariinsky-teater, waar sy haar loopbaan begin het.
Sy het verskeie toekennings ontvang en beskik oor 'n aansienlike diskografie wat hoofsaaklik onder [[Deutsche Grammophon]] opgeneem is. Sy het dubbele Russiese en Oostenrykse burgerskap en woon in [[Wene]] en [[New York|New York Stad]].
== Vroeë lewe en opleiding ==
Netrebko is gebore in [[Krasnodar]] in 'n gesin van [[Kosakke|Kosak]] oorsprong.<ref>[http://www.rg.ru/2006/05/19/netrebko.html Интервью с Анной Нетребко-Анна Нетребко: Я никогда не ходила по струнке. Татьяна Павловская, Краснодар.] in ''[[Rossiyskaya Gazeta]]'' (in Russies), uitgawe no. 4070 gedateer 19 Mei 2006.</ref> Terwyl sy 'n student was aan die Saint Petersburg Konservatorium het Netrebko gewerk as 'n opsigter by Saint Petersburg se Mariinsky-teater.<ref>{{cite news |author=Melissa Whitworth |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3650296/Cinderella-Soprano.html |title=Cinderella Soprano |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=19 Februarie 2006 |access-date=11 September 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809060811/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3650296/Cinderella-Soprano.html |archive-date=9 Augustus 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Tydens 'n latere onderhoud vir die Mariinsky-teater het die dirigent [[Waleri Gergijef]] haar herken vanweë haar vroeëre werk by die teater. Hy het gevolglik haar stemafrigter geword.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/anna-netrebko-a-rare-jewel-from-the-east-423103.html |author=Jessica Duchen |title=Anna Netrebko: A rare jewel from the East |work=[[The Independent]] |date=6 November 2006 |access-date=11 September 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809035638/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/anna-netrebko-a-rare-jewel-from-the-east-423103.html |archive-date=9 Augustus 2018 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
== Loopbaan ==
=== 1990's ===
Onder leiding van Gergijef maak Netrebko haar opera verhoogdebuut by die Mariinsky op 22-jarige ouderdom as Susanna in ''Die huwelik van Figaro''. Sy het vele prominente rolle saam met die operageselskap vertolk, waaronder ''Amina'' in ''La sonnambula'', ''Pamina'' in ''Die Towerfluit'', ''Rosina'' in die ''[[Barbier van Sevilla|Il barbiere di Siviglia]]'', en ''Lucia'' in ''Lucia di Lammermoor''. In 1994 sing sy die ''Queen of the Night'' in ''Die Towerfluit'' onder leiding van die dirigent David Milnes saam met die [[Riga]] Onafhanklike Operageselskap ''Avangarda Akadēmija''.<ref>Agelet de Saracibar, Carlos; [https://www.scribd.com/doc/63918608/ANPD-Sep-2011 "Anna Netrebko Performance Database"]. ''ANPD''. September 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.classissima.com/en/news/326476-anna-netrebko-and-erwin-schrott-will-give-a-concert-tour-to-ukraine,-latvia-and-russia/ "Anna Netrebko and Erwin Schrott will give a concert tour to Ukraine..."]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713215928/http://www.classissima.com/en/news/326476-anna-netrebko-and-erwin-schrott-will-give-a-concert-tour-to-ukraine,-latvia-and-russia |date=2014-07-13 }}. ''Classissima''. 2010-10-29.</ref> In 1995 het Netrebko op 24-jarige leeftyd haar Amerikaanse buiging gemaak as ''Lyudmila'' in Glinka se ''Ruslan en Lyudmila'' by die San Francisco Opera. Na hierdie suksesvolle opvoering het sy 'n gereelde gassanger in [[San Francisco]] geword. Sy is bekend as 'n bekroonde vertolker van ander Russiese operarolle, soos ''Natasha'' in [[Sergei Prokofiëf]] se ''Oorlog en Vrede'', ''Louisa'' in ''Betrothal in a Monastery'' en ''Marfa'' in ''The Tsar's Bride''. Netrebko was ook suksesvol in ''[[belcanto|bel canto]]'' rolle asook romantiese rolle soos ''Gilda'' in ''[[Rigoletto]]'', ''Mimì'' in ''[[La bohème]]'', ''Giulietta'' in ''I Capuleti e i Montecchi'', en ''Elvira'' in ''I puritani''.
=== 2000's ===
In 2002 het Netrebko haar buiging gemaak by die [[Metropolitan Opera]] as ''Natasha'' tydens 'n opvoering van ''Oorlog en Vrede''.<ref>{{cite news |author=Peter Culshaw |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/opera/3656124/Justin-Timberlake-is-too-young-for-me.html |title=Justin Timberlake is too young for me |work=The Telegraph |location=London |date=26 Oktober 2006 |access-date=11 September 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719173437/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/opera/3656124/Justin-Timberlake-is-too-young-for-me.html |archive-date=19 Julie 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In dieselfde jaar het sy vir die eerste keer die rol van ''Donna Anna'' gesing tydens die Salzburg-fees se produksie van ''[[Don Giovanni]]'' onder leiding van [[Nikolaus Harnoncourt]].
In 2003 het Netrebko die rol van ''Violetta'' vertolk in Verdi se ''[[La traviata]]'' in München, die titelrol in ''Lucia di Lammermoor'' by die Los Angeles Operahuis, asook die rol van ''Donna Anna'' by Covent Garden se [[Royal Opera House]]. Haar tweede album getitel ''Sempre Libera'' is die volgende jaar vrygestel. Sy het later verskyn as ''Violetta'' in ''La traviata'' tydens die Salzburg-fees, gedirigeer deur Carlo Rizzi, en in 2008 het sy dieselfde rol vertolk tydens die openingsaand by die [[Royal Opera House]] tot luide applous,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/apr/26/classicalmusicandopera.russia |author=Stuart Jeffries |title=I conquered the critics |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=25 April 2008 |access-date=1 Maart 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809032519/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/apr/26/classicalmusicandopera.russia |archive-date=9 Augustus 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> saam met [[Jonas Kaufmann]] en Dmitri Hvorostovsky, onder leiding van [[Maurizio Benini]]. Sy het egter drie opeenvolgende optredes gekanselleer weens 'n brongiale toestand. Dit was die tweede keer dat sy haar optredes by die Royal Opera House gekanselleer het, omrede sy die vorige somer weens 'n siekte aan sommige uitvoerings van '' Don Giovanni '' onttrek het.
[[Lêer:Netrebko and Putin.jpg|duimnael|200 px|Netrebko en Putin, 2004 [[Russiese Federasie]] Nasionale-prys]]Op 30 Mei 2007 het Netrebko haar [[Carnegie Hall]] buiging gemaak saam met Dmitri Hvorostovsky en die Orchestra of St. Luke's. Die opvoering was oorspronklik geskeduleer vir 2 Maart 2006, maar sy het dit uitgestel omdat sy op artistieke vlak haar nie gereed vir die rol gevoel het nie.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2007/05/30/entertainment/e232217D99.DTL |agency=[[Associated Press]] |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |title=Russian Soprano Debuts at Carnegie Hall |date=2007-05-30 |archivedate=2008-12-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081210082301/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fn%2Fa%2F2007%2F05%2F30%2Fentertainment%2Fe232217D99.DTL |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-14 }}</ref> Sy het op 8 September van die jaar verskyn tydens die ''Last Night of the Proms'' waar sy uittreksels uit ''La sonnambula '' en ''Giuditta'' opgevoer het, asook ''Morgen!'' deur [[Richard Strauss]] saam met [[Joshua Bell]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/proms/2007/whatson/0809.shtml |title=Last Night of the Proms: program |publisher=BBC |access-date=11 September 2013 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100907030300/http://www.bbc.co.uk/proms/2007/whatson/0809.shtml |archive-date= 7 September 2010 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>In die herfs van 2007 het sy weer die rol van ''Juliette'' opgeneem in ''Roméo et Juliette'' by die Metropolitan Opera.
In Mei 2008 het sy haar langverwagte Paryse Opera debuut gemaak in ''I Capuleti e i Montecchi'' by die Opéra Bastille, met Joyce DiDonato as Romeo. Netrebko het in haar eerste optrede na haar kraamverlof ''Lucia'' gesing in ''Lucia di Lammermoor'' toe dit op 14 Januarie 2009 in die Mariinsky-teater in Sint-Petersburg geopen is, in 'n produksie bestaande uit die Scottish Opera onder leiding van John Doyle .<ref>{{cite news |last=Stolyarova |first=Galina |url=http://www.times.spb.ru/index.php?action_id=2&story_id=28012 |title=Mariinsky Diva Back With New Production |work=The St. Petersburg Times |date=2009-01-16 |accessdate=2009-02-09}}</ref> Sy het daarna dieselfde rol in Januarie en Februarie 2009 by die Metropolitan Opera gesing. Netrebko het in die lente van 2009 verskyn as ''Giulietta'' in ''I Capuleti ei Montecchi'' by die Royal Opera House, en as ''Violetta'' in ''La traviata'' in Junie 2009 by die San Francisco Opera.
=== 2010's ===
[[Lêer:Trovatore 6845 Michelides.jpg|duimnael|287x287px|Netrebko as Leonora in Alvis Hermanis se produksie van [[Il trovatore]] tydens die 2014 Salzburg-fees]]In Oktober en November 2010 het sy die rol van ''Norina'' vertolk tydens 'n produksie van ''Don Pasquale'' by die [[Metropolitan Opera]] in New York onder [[James Levine]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Schweitzer |first=Vivien |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/02/arts/music/02don.html |title=''Don Pasquale'' at the Met with Anna Netrebko – Review |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=1 November 2010 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423002146/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/02/arts/music/02don.html |archive-date=23 April 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Op 2 April 2011 het sy die titelrol van Gaetano Donizetti se ''Anna Bolena'' vertolk by die Weense Staatsopera; die opeenvolgende opvoering op 5 April 2011 is lewendig uitgesaai in teaters regoor die wêreld.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://likelyimpossibilities.com/2011/04/anna-netrebko-sings-anna-bolena-keeps.html |title=Anna Netrebko sings Anna Bolena, keeps her head |website=likelyimpossibilities.com |date=2011-04-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Loomis |first=George |title=Anna Netrebko's Bel Canto Moment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/13/arts/anna-netrebkos-bel-canto-moment.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=12 April 2011 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423035436/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/13/arts/anna-netrebkos-bel-canto-moment.html |archive-date=23 April 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Op 7 Desember 2011 het sy die nuwe seisoen by [[La Scala]] in [[Milaan]] geopen, en sodoende haar buiging daar gemaak (as ''Donna Anna'', tydens 'n opvoering van ''[[Don Giovanni]]'').<ref>{{cite news |last=Loomis |first=George |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/10/arts/10iht-loomis10.html |title=At La Scala, a Buoyant Opening Amid Austerity |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=9 Desember 2011 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422235855/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/10/arts/10iht-loomis10.html |archive-date=22 April 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Maddocks |first=Fiona |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/dec/11/don-giovanni-scala-milan-review |title=A tale of two Italian opera cities |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=11 Desember 2011 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203015022/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/dec/11/don-giovanni-scala-milan-review |archive-date=3 Desember 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Sy is uitgelese in die opsig dat sy uitgenooi is om te verskyn in drie opeenvolgende openingsaand-produksies by die Metropolitan Opera, naamlik: ''Anna Bolena'' in 2011, ''L'elisir d'amore'' in 2012 en ''Eugene Onegin'' in 2013. Haar optrede as ''Lady Macbeth'' in die Metropolitan se 2014 produksie van ''Macbeth'' (te wete 'n herlewing van Adrian Noble se 2007 produksie daarvan) het kritiese lof ontvang en getoon dat haar stem steeds uitbrei wat betref die omvang en volume daarvan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/10/20/sound-fury |last=Ross |first=Alex |authorlink=Alex Ross (music critic) |work=[[The New Yorker]] |title=Sound And Fury |date=20 Oktober 2014 |access-date=17 Februarie 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808101015/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/10/20/sound-fury |archive-date=8 Augustus 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Tanner |first=Michael |title=Met Opera Live's Macbeth: Netrebko's singing stirred almost as much as her décolletage |url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/arts/opera/9354372/met-opera-lives-macbeth-netrebkos-singing-stirred-almost-as-much-as-her-decolletage/ |work=[[The Spectator]] |date=1 November 2014 |access-date=17 Februarie 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104916/http://www.spectator.co.uk/arts/opera/9354372/met-opera-lives-macbeth-netrebkos-singing-stirred-almost-as-much-as-her-decolletage/ |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Sy het die volgende jaar haar uitbreiding na swaarder Verdi-rolle by die Met voortgesit, en die rol van ''Leonora'' in ''Il trovatora'' vertolk.<ref>{{citenews|last=Jorden|first=James|authorlink=James Jorden|title=The Met's Triumphant ''Il Trovatore'' Is a Return to Opera's Golden Age|url=http://observer.com/2015/09/observer-arts/|work=[[The New York Observer]]|accessdate=2015-10-22|date=2015-09-30}}</ref><ref name=nyt_opera>{{cite news |last=Tommasini |first=Anthony |authorlink=Anthony Tommasini |title=Review: ''Il Trovatore'' and ''Anna Bolena'' Showcase Courage and Command at the Met |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/arts/music/review-il-trovatore-and-anna-bolena-showcase-courage-and-command-at-the-met.html |work=The New York Times |date=27 September 2015 |access-date=22 Oktober 2015 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417070449/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/arts/music/review-il-trovatore-and-anna-bolena-showcase-courage-and-command-at-the-met.html |archive-date=17 April 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
In Desember 2014 het sy langs Oleg Tsaryov verskyn met 'n vlag van die selfverklaarde konfederasie Novorossiya in [[Oekraïne]], en 'n tjek van $ 19.000 aan Tsarov gegee met die vermelding dat sy 'n skenking aan die opera- en ballet-teater van Donetsk maak.<ref name=BBC141208>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30380979 |title=Russian soprano Netrebko helps theatre in rebel Ukraine |work=BBC News |date=8 Desember 2014 |access-date=9 Desember 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328020016/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30380979 |archive-date=28 Maart 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name=AFP141208>{{cite news |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/141208/russias-netrebko-sparks-controversy-donation-separatist-region |title=Russia's Netrebko sparks controversy with donation to separatist region |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |work=[[GlobalPost]] |date=8 Desember 2014 |access-date=9 Desember 2014 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072702/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/141208/russias-netrebko-sparks-controversy-donation-separatist-region |archive-date=5 Maart 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Netrebko het in April 2016 aangekondig dat sy weens die veranderings in haar stem aan die Royal Opera House se 2016/2017 produksies van [[Vincenzo Bellini|Bellini]] se ''Norma'' onttrek, asook aan die Metropolitan Opera se 2017/18 seisoen.<ref>{{cite report|last=Shipman|first=Chris|url=http://www.roh.org.uk/news/cast-change-anna-netrebko-to-withdraw-from-norma|title=Cast change: Anna Netrebko to withdraw from ''Norma''|publisher=Royal Opera House|date=2016-04-26}}{{Dooie skakel|date=Augustus 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{citenews|last=Furness|first=Hannah|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/04/26/royal-opera-house-frustration-as-anna-netrebko-cancels-norma/|title=Royal Opera House 'frustration' as Anna Netrebko cancels Norma|work=The Telegraph|date=2016-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{citenews|last=Brown|first=Mark|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/apr/26/soprano-anna-netrebko-withdraws-royal-opera-norma|title=Soprano Anna Netrebko withdraws from Royal Opera's Norma|work=The Guardian|date=2016-04-26}}</ref><ref>{{citenews|last=Sulcas|first=Roslyn|authorlink=Roslyn Sulcas| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/27/arts/music/anna-netrebko-pulls-out-of-norma-productions.html|title=Anna Netrebko Pulls Out of ‘Norma’ Productions|work=The New York Times|date=2016-04-26}}</ref> Die rolle is vertolk deur respektiewelik Sonya Yoncheva en Sondra Radvanovsky.<ref>{{cite report|last=Spencer|first=Mel|url=https://www.roh.org.uk/news/cast-confirmation-sonya-yoncheva-to-sing-in-norma|title=Cast confirmation: Sonya Yoncheva to sing in ''Norma''|publisher=Royal Opera House|date=2016-05-03|access-date=2019-11-14|archivedate=2019-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021134351/https://www.roh.org.uk/news/cast-confirmation-sonya-yoncheva-to-sing-in-norma}}</ref><ref>{{citenews|last=Angel|first=Amanda|url=https://www.wqxr.org/story/sondra-radvanovsky-replace-anna-netrebko-norma/|title=Sondra Radvanovsky to Replace Anna Netrebko as Norma|publisher=WQXR-FM|date=2016-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/04/arts/music/operas-game-of-musical-chairs-brings-a-netrebko-reprise.html |title=Opera's Game of Musical Chairs Brings a Netrebko Reprise |date=3 Mei 2016 |work=The New York Times |first=Michael |last=Cooper |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190813103327/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/04/arts/music/operas-game-of-musical-chairs-brings-a-netrebko-reprise.html |archive-date=13 Augustus 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Sy het in 2017 verskeie debuutrolle vertolk, insluitende die rol van ''Adriana Lecouvreur'' by die Mariinsky Teater in Junie,<ref>{{cite news |last=Karlin |first=David |url=https://bachtrack.com/review-adriana-lecouvreur-netrebko-eyvazov-semenchuk-gergiev-june-2017 |title=Netrebko takes on Adriana Lecouvreur at the Mariinsky |work=Bachtrack |date=19 Junie 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205222609/https://bachtrack.com/review-adriana-lecouvreur-netrebko-eyvazov-semenchuk-gergiev-june-2017 |archive-date=5 Desember 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{citenews|first=Майя|last=Крылова|url=https://lenta.ru/articles/2017/06/25/adriana/|title=Примадонна с ядовитыми фиалками: Анна Нетребко спела в опере «Адриана Лекуврер»|trans-title=Diva with poisonous violets: Anna Netrebko sang in the opera "Adriana Lecouvreur"|work=[[lenta.ru]]|lang=ru|date=2017-06-25}}</ref> die titelrol van ''[[Aida]]'' tydens die Salzburg-fees in Augustus,<ref>{{citenews|last=Woolfe|first=Zachary|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/arts/music/review-netrebko-aida-salzburg-muti-neshat.html|title=Review: Anna Netrebko Sings Her First ''Aida'' in Salzburg|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=2017-08-07}}</ref> en ''Maddalena'' in ''Andrea Chénier'' by [[La Scala]] in Desember.<ref>{{citenews|last=Barry|first=Colleen|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/ap-long-neglected-chenier-makes-heroic-return-to-la-scala-2017-12|title=Long-neglected 'Chenier' makes heroic return to La Scala|work=[[Business Insider]]|agency=Associated Press|date=2017-12-08}}</ref> In April 2018 het sy gedebuteer as ''Tosca'' by die [[Metropolitan Opera]].<ref>{{citenews|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/22/arts/music/anna-netrebko-tosca-review-the-met.html|title=Review: Anna Netrebko Emerges as a Powerful New Tosca at the Met|work=The New York Times|last=Tommasini|first=Anthony|authorlink=Anthony Tommasini|date=2018-04-22}}</ref> Sy het ook op 31 Mei van dieselfde jaar deelgeneem aan die ''Summer Night Concert Schönbrunn''.<ref>{{citenews|last=Simon|first=Anne-Catherine|url=https://diepresse.com/home/kultur/klassik/5439450/Anna-Netrebko-schwebt-und-betet-in-Schoenbrunn|title=Anna Netrebko schwebt und betet in Schönbrunn|trans-title=Anna Netrebko floats and prays in Schönbrunn|work=[[Die Presse]]|language=de|date=2018-06-01}}</ref>
== Gasverskynings ==
Netrebko het 'n kamee verskyning as haarself gemaak in die rolprent ''The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0368933/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast |title=The Princess Diaries (2004) – Full Cast & Crew |access-date=29 September 2019 |website=IMDb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127195614/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0368933/fullcredits?ref_=tt_cl_sm#cast |archive-date=27 Januarie 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Sy is uitgenooi na die 2004, 2007, en 2019 Weense Opera-Bal.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.vienna.at/opernball-2004-prachtvoll-und-traditionell/2616063 |title=Opernball 2004: Prachtvoll und traditionell |date=20 Februarie 2004 |website=Vienna.at |first=Elisabeth |last=Skoda |access-date=29 September 2019 |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929175353/https://www.vienna.at/opernball-2004-prachtvoll-und-traditionell/2616063 |archive-date=29 September 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.focus.de/panorama/boulevard/opernball-2007_aid_124754.html |title=Opernball 2007: Netrebko stiehlt Hilton die Show |date=16 Februarie 2007 |trans-title=Opera Ball 2007: Netrebko steals Hilton's show |work=[[Focus (German magazine)|Focus]] |first=Marta S. |last=Halpert |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929185405/https://www.focus.de/panorama/boulevard/opernball-2007_aid_124754.html |archive-date=29 September 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.noen.at/in-ausland/wien-anna-netrebko-eroeffnet-ausverkauften-opernball-wien-baelle-opernball-prominente-wien-137882628# |title=Anna Netrebko eröffnet ausverkauften Opernball |date=28 Februarie 2019 |trans-title=Anna Netrebko opens sold-out opera ball |work=Niederösterreichische Nachrichten |agency=Austria Presse Agentur |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329235519/https://www.noen.at/in-ausland/wien-anna-netrebko-eroeffnet-ausverkauften-opernball-wien-baelle-opernball-prominente-wien-137882628 |archive-date=29 Maart 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
In Desember 2007 is Netrebko uitgenooi om eerbewyse aan [[Martin Scorsese]] te bring tydens die 30ste jaarlikse ''Kennedy Center Honors''. Sy het die Puccini aria "O mio babbino caro" opgevoer.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-2007-12-26-0712250124-story.html |title=Superstars Gathering for Kennedy Center Honors |date=26 Desember 2007 |work=Hartford Courant |first=Roger |last=Catlin |access-date=29 September 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929175350/https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-2007-12-26-0712250124-story.html |archive-date=29 September 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Sy was 'n deelnemer aan 'n galakonsert tydens die opening van die Tweede Verhoog van die Mariinsky-teater op 2 Mei 2013.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2013/5/Reviews/ST__PETERSBURG__Mariinsky_II.html |title=Mariinsky II Opening Gala |date=May 2013 |work=Opera News |volume=77 |number=11 |first=David |last=Shengold |access-date=14 November 2019 |archive-date= 5 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905061426/https://www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2013/5/Reviews/ST__PETERSBURG__Mariinsky_II.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sy is uitgenooi om die Olimpiese lied in [[Russies]] te sing tydens die openingseremonie van die [[Olimpiese Winterspele 2014]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/culture/la-et-cm-anna-netrebko-olympics-sochi-20140207,0,3677725.story|first=David|last=Ng|title=Sochi Olympics: Anna Netrebko performs at the opening ceremony|work=Los Angeles Times|date=2014-02-07|accessdate=2014-02-25}}</ref>
Sy het op respektiewelik 13 Junie en 14 Julie opgetree tydens galakonserte by die Rooiplein en die Bolshoi-teater, onderskeidelik tydens die opening en sluiting van die [[FIFA Sokker-Wêreldbekertoernooi in 2018]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.playbill.com/article/2018-world-cup-gala-concert-with-anna-netrebko-placido-domingo-and-more-to-be-available-to-stream |title=2018 World Cup Gala Concert... |date=12 Junie 2018 |work=Playbill |first=Shoshy |last=Ciment |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027165238/http://www.playbill.com/article/2018-world-cup-gala-concert-with-anna-netrebko-placido-domingo-and-more-to-be-available-to-stream |archive-date=27 Oktober 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |access-date=14 November 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://operawire.com/watch-anna-netrebko-placido-domingo-in-fifa-closing-night-gala/ |title=Watch Anna Netrebko & Plácido Domingo In FIFA Closing Night Gala |date=2018-07-15 |work=OperaWire |first=Francisco |last=Salazar}}</ref> Op 8 September 2018 het sy verskyn tydens die inhuldigingskonsert van die Zaryadye Konsertsaal in [[Moskou]], wat uitgesaai is op Medici.tv.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://operawire.com/medici-tv-to-stream-zaryadye-concert-halls-grand-opening-gala/ |date=2018-09-05 |title=Medici.TV To Stream Zaryadye Concert Hall’s Grand Opening Gala |first=Francisco |last=Salazar |work=OperaWire}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://seenandheard-international.com/2018/09/valery-gergiev-opens-new-state-of-the-art-concert-hall-in-moscow/ |title=Valery Gergiev Opens New State-of-the-Art Concert Hall in Moscow |date=16 September 2018 |website=Seen and Heard International |type=Review |first=Gregor |last=Tassie |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927061624/http://seenandheard-international.com/2018/09/valery-gergiev-opens-new-state-of-the-art-concert-hall-in-moscow/ |archive-date=27 September 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all |access-date=14 November 2019 }}</ref> Sy het ook verskyn tydens die openingseremonie van die Europese Spele in [[Minsk]] op 21 Junie 2019<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/06/14/take-a-look-at-belarus-as-it-prepares-for-the-european-games |title=Take a look at Belarus as it prepares for the European Games |date=17 Junie 2019 |website=Euronews |first1=Louise |last1=Miner |first2=Sergey |last2=Shcherbakov |access-date=5 September 2019 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905061425/https://www.euronews.com/2019/06/14/take-a-look-at-belarus-as-it-prepares-for-the-european-games |archive-date=5 September 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> en het die eerste konsertseisoen van die Kongres-saal by die Yekaterinburg Ekspo op 30 Augustus 2019 ingehul.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://rg.ru/2019/08/31/reg-urfo/anna-netrebko-otkryla-novuiu-grand-scenu-v-ekaterinburge.html |title=Анна Нетребко открыла новую гранд-сцену - в Екатеринбурге |date=31 Augustus 2019 |trans-title=Anna Netrebko opened a new grand stage – in Yekaterinburg |first=Анатолий |last=Меньшиков |work=Rossiyskaya Gazeta |language=ru |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905061427/https://rg.ru/2019/08/31/reg-urfo/anna-netrebko-otkryla-novuiu-grand-scenu-v-ekaterinburge.html |archive-date=5 September 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
== Diskografie ==
=== Volledige opera ===
==== Video opnames ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Opname<br />jaar
!Opera
!Rolverdeling
!Dirigent,<br />Operahuis en orkes
!Vrystelling<br />jaar
!Etiket
|-
| 1995
| [[Mikhail Glinka|Glinka]]<br />''Ruslan and Lyudmila''
| Anna Netrebko (''Lyudmila'')<br />Vladimir Ognovenko<br />Larissa Diadkova<br />Gennady Bezzubenkov<br />Galina Gorchakova
| [[Waleri Gergijef]]<br />Kirov Opera orkes, koor en ballet
| 2003
| Philips Records
|-
| 1998
| [[Sergei Prokofiëf|Prokofiëf]]<br />''Betrothal in a Monastery''
| Anna Netrebko (''Louisa'')<br />Larissa Diadkova<br />Nikolai Gassiev<br />Aleksander Gergalov<br />Sergei Aleksashkin
| [[Waleri Gergijef]]<br />Kirov Opera orkes, koor en ballet
| 2005
| Philips
|-
| 2005
| [[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]]<br />''[[La traviata]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Violetta Valéry'')<br />[[Rolando Villazón]]<br />Thomas Hampson<br />Helene Schneiderman<br />Diane Pilcher
| Carlo Rizzi<br />[[Weense Filharmoniese Orkes]], [[Weense Staatsopera]] koor<br />en Mozarteum Orkes Salzburg (verhoogmusiek)
| 2006
| [[Deutsche Grammophon]]
|-
| 2005
| [[Gaetano Donizetti|Donizetti]]<br />''L'elisir d'amore''
| Anna Netrebko (''Adina'')<br />[[Rolando Villazón]]<br />Ildebrando D'Arcangelo<br />Leo Nucci<br />Inna Los
| Alfred Eschwé<br />[[Weense Staatsopera]] orkes, koor en verhoogorkes
| 2007
| Virgin Classics
|-
| 2006
| [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]<br />''[[Le nozze di Figaro]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Susanna'')<br />Ildebrando D'Arcangelo<br />Bo Skovhus<br />Dorothea Röschmann<br />Christine Schäfer
| [[Nikolaus Harnoncourt]]<br />[[Weense Filharmoniese Orkes]] en [[Weense Staatsopera]] koor
| 2007
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2007
| [[Vincenzo Bellini|Bellini]]<br />''I puritani''
| Anna Netrebko (''Elvira'')<br />Eduardo Valdes<br />Franco Vasallo<br />John Relyea<br />Eric Cutler
| Patrick Summers<br />[[Metropolitan Opera]] orkes, koor en ballet
| 2008
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2007
| [[Jules Massenet|Massenet]]<br />''[[Manon]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Manon Lescaut'')<br />[[Rolando Villazón]]<br />Christof Fischesser<br />Alfredo Daza<br />Rémy Coraza
| [[Daniel Barenboim]]<br />[[Staatskapelle Berlin]] en [[Berlynse Staatsopera]] koor
| 2008
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2008
| [[Giacomo Puccini|Puccini]]<br />''[[La bohème]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Mimì'')<br />[[Rolando Villazón]]<br />George von Bergen<br />Nicole Cabell<br />Adrian Eröd
| [[Bertrand de Billy]]<br />[[Beiere Radio-simfonieorkes]] en koor<br />Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz-kinderkoor
| 2009
| Axiom Films
|-
| 2009
| [[Gaetano Donizetti|Donizetti]]<br />''Lucia di Lammermoor''
| Anna Netrebko (''Lucia'')<br />Mariusz Kwiecień<br />Piotr Beczała<br />Colin Lee<br />Ildar Abdrazakov
| Marco Armiliato<br />[[Metropolitan Opera]] orkes, koor en ballet
| 2009
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2010
| [[Gaetano Donizetti|Donizetti]]<br />''[[Don Pasquale]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Norina'')<br />Mariusz Kwiecień<br />Matthew Polenzani<br />John del Carlo<br />Bernard Fitch
| [[James Levine]]<br />[[Metropolitan Opera]] orkes en koor
| 2011
| [[Deutsche Grammophon]]
|-
| 2011
| [[Gaetano Donizetti|Donizetti]]<br />''Anna Bolena''
| Anna Netrebko (''Anna Bolena'')<br />Elīna Garanča<br />Ildebrando D'Arcangelo<br />Elisabeth Kulman<br />Francesco Meli
| Evelino Pidò<br />[[Weense Staatsopera]] orkes en koor
| 2011
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2011
| [[Mozart]]<br />''[[Don Giovanni]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Donna Anna'')<br />Peter Mattei<br />Bryn Terfel<br />Barbara Frittoli<br />Giuseppe Filianoti
| [[Daniel Barenboim]]<br />Coro e Orchestra del [[La Scala|Teatro alla Scala]]
| 2015
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2012
| [[Giacomo Puccini|Puccini]]<br />''[[La bohème]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Mimì'')<br />Piotr Beczała<br />Massimo Cavalletti<br />Nino Machaidze<br />Alessio Arduini
| [[Daniele Gatti]]<br />[[Weense Filharmoniese Orkes]] en [[Weense Staatsopera]] koor
| 2012
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2012
| [[Massenet]]<br />''Manon''
| Anna Netrebko (''Manon'')<br />Piotr Beczała
| Fabio Luisi<br />[[Metropolitan Opera]]
|
| [[Met Opera on Demand]]
|-
| 2012
| [[Donizetti]]<br />''L'elisir d'amore''
| Anna Netrebko (''Adina'')<br />Matthew Polenzani<br />Mariusz Kwiecień
| Maurizio Benini<br />Metropolitan Opera
|
| Met Opera on Demand
|-
| 2013
| [[Pjotr Tsjaikofski|Tsjaikofski]]<br />''Eugene Onegin''
| Anna Netrebko (''Tatyana'')<br />Piotr Beczała<br />Mariusz Kwiecień
| [[Waleri Gergijef]]<br />[[Metropolitan Opera]] orkes, koor en ballet
| 2014
| [[Deutsche Grammophon]]
|-
| 2013
| [[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]]<br />''[[Il trovatore]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Leonora'')<br />[[Plácido Domingo]]<br />Gaston Rivero
| [[Daniel Barenboim]]<br />[[Staatskapelle Berlin]]
| 2014
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2013
| [[Mozart]]<br />''[[Don Giovanni]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Donna Anna'')<br />Erwin Schrott<br />Luca Pisaroni<br />Malena Ernman<br />Charles Castronovo
| Thomas Hengelbrock<br />Balthasar-Neumann Ensemble, Balthasar-Neumann-koor
| 2015
| Sony Classical
|-
| 2014
| [[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]]<br />''Macbeth''
| Anna Netrebko (''Lady Macbeth'')<br />Zeljko Lucic<br />[[René Pape]]<br />Joseph Calleja
| Fabio Luisi<br />[[Metropolitan Opera]] orkes en koor
| 2015
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2015
| Tsjaikofski<br />''Iolanta''
| Anna Netrebko (''Iolanta'')<br />Piotr Beczała
| [[Waleri Gergijef]]<br />[[Metropolitan Opera]]
|
| [[Met Opera on Demand]]
|-
| 2015
| Verdi<br />''[[Il trovatore]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Leonora'')<br />Yonghoon Lee<br />Dmitri Hvorostovsky
| Marco Armiliato<br />[[Metropolitan Opera]]
|
| Met Opera on Demand
|-
| 2016
| [[Wagner]]<br />''[[Lohengrin]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Elsa von Brabant'')<br />Piotr Beczała<br />Evelyn Herlitzius<br />Tomasz Konieczny<br />Georg Zeppenfeld
| [[Christian Thielemann]]<br />[[Staatskapelle Dresden]] en [[Semperoper|Sächsischer Staatsopernchor Dresden]]
| 2017
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2017
| Tsjaikofski<br />''Eugene Onegin''
| Anna Netrebko (''Tatiana'')<br />Peter Mattei<br />Alexey Dolgov
| Robin Ticciati<br />[[Metropolitan Opera]]
|
| Met Opera on Demand
|-
| 2018
| [[Verdi]]<br />''[[Aida]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Aida'')<br />Anita Rachvelishvili<br />Aleksandrs Antonenko<br />Quinn Kelsey
| Nicola Luisotti<br />[[Metropolitan Opera]]
|
| Met Opera on Demand
|-
| 2019
| [[Francesco Cilea]]<br />''Adriana Lecouvreur''
| Anna Netrebko (''Adriana'')<br />Anita Rachvelishvili<br />Piotr Beczała<br />Ambrogio Maestri
| [[Gianandrea Noseda]]<br />[[Metropolitan Opera]]
|
| Met Opera on Demand
|}
==== Klankopnames ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Opname<br />jaar
!Opera
!Rolverdeling
!Dirigent,<br />Operahuis en orkes
!Vrystelling<br />jaar
!Etiket
|-
| 1995
| [[Mikhail Glinka|Glinka]]<br />''Ruslan and Lyudmila''
| Anna Netrebko (''Lyudmila'')<br />Vladimir Ognovenko<br />Larissa Diadkova<br />Gennady Bezzubenkov<br />Galina Gorchakova
| [[Waleri Gergijef]]<br />Kirov Opera orkes, koor en ballet
| 2003
| Philips Records
|-
| 1997
| [[Sergei Prokofiëf]]<br />''[[Liefde vir drie Lemoene]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Ninetta'')<br />Larissa Diadkova<br />Mikhail Kit<br />Evgeny Akimov<br />Alexander Morozov
| [[Waleri Gergijef]]<br />Kirov Opera orkes, koor en ballet
| 2001
| Philips
|-
| 1998
| [[Sergei Prokofiëf]]<br />''Betrothal in a Monastery''
| Anna Netrebko (''Louisa'')<br />Larissa Diadkova<br />Nikolai Gassiev<br />Aleksander Gergalov<br />Sergei Aleksashkin
| [[Waleri Gergijef]]<br />Kirov Opera orkes, koor en ballet
| 1999
| Philips
|-
| 2005
| [[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]]<br />''La traviata''
| Anna Netrebko (''Violetta'')<br />[[Rolando Villazón]]<br />Thomas Hampson<br />Helene Schneiderman<br />Diane Pilcher
| Carlo Rizzi<br />[[Weense Filharmoniese Orkes]], [[Weense Staatsopera]] koor<br />en Mozarteum Orkes Salzburg (verhoogmusiek)
| 2006
| [[Deutsche Grammophon]]
|-
| 2006
| [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]]<br />''Le nozze di Figaro''
| Anna Netrebko (''Susanna'')<br />Ildebrando D'Arcangelo<br />Bo Skovhus<br />Dorothea Röschmann<br />Christine Schäfer
| [[Nikolaus Harnoncourt]]<br />[[Weense Filharmoniese Orkes]] en [[Weense Staatsopera]] koor
| 2007
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2007
| [[Giacomo Puccini|Puccini]]<br />''La bohème''
| Anna Netrebko (''Mimì'')<br />[[Rolando Villazón]]<br />Boaz Daniel<br />Nicole Cabell<br />Stéphane Degout
| Bertrand de Billy<br />[[Beiere Radio-simfonieorkes]] en koor<br />[[Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz]] kinderkoor
| 2008
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2008
| [[Vincenzo Bellini|Bellini]]<br />''I Capuleti e i Montecchi''
| Anna Netrebko (''Giulietta'')<br />Elīna Garanča<br />Joseph Calleja<br />Robert Gleadow<br />Tiziano Bracci
| Fabio Luisi<br />[[Weense Simfonieorkes]] en die [[Wiener Singakademie]]
| 2009
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2012
| [[Pjotr Tsjaikofski]]<br />''Iolanta''
| Anna Netrebko (''Iolanta'')<br />Sergey Skorokhodov<br />Alexey Markov<br />Vitalij Kowaljow
| Emmanuel Villaume<br />[[Sloweense Filharmoniese Orkes]]
| 2015
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2013
| [[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]]<br />''Giovanna d'Arco''
| Anna Netrebko (''Giovanna'')<br />[[Plácido Domingo]]<br />Francesco Meli
| Paolo Carignani<br />[[Münchner Rundfunkorchester]]
| 2014
| Deutsche Grammophon
|-
| 2016
| [[Puccini]]<br />''[[Manon Lescaut (Puccini)|Manon Lescaut]]''
| Anna Netrebko (''Manon'')<br />Yusif Eyvazov<br />Armando Pina
| Marco Armiliato<br />[[Münchner Rundfunkorchester]]
| 2016
| Deutsche Grammophon
|}
=== CD's, konserte en kompilasies ===
==== CD's ====
{{div col|colwidth=50ex}}
* 2003: ''Opera Arias''; [[Gianandrea Noseda]], [[Weense Filharmoniese Orkes|Wiener Philharmoniker]] (DG)
* 2004: ''Sempre Libera''; [[Claudio Abbado]], [[Mahler Kamerorkes]] (DG)
* 2006: ''The Mozart Album'', met [[Thomas Quasthoff]], [[Bryn Terfel]], [[Elīna Garanča]], en [[René Pape]] [kompilasie, DG]
* 2006: ''Violetta: Arias and Duets from Verdi's La Traviata'', met [[Rolando Villazón]] en Thomas Hampson (CD/DVD, DG)
* 2006: ''Russian Album''; [[Waleri Gergijef]], Orkes van die [[Mariinsky-teater]] (DG)
* 2007: ''Opera'' [kompilasie]
* 2007: ''Duets'', met Rolando Villazón; Nicola Luisotti, [[Staatskapelle Dresden]] (DG)
* 2008: ''Puccini Gold'' [kompilasie, Decca]
* 2008: ''Souvenirs''; Emmanuel Villaume, [[Praag Filharmoniese Orkes]] (DG)
* 2009: ''The Best of Anna Netrebko'' [kompilasie, DG]
* 2010: ''In the Still of Night''; begelei deur [[Daniel Barenboim]] (DG)
* 2010: ''Rossini: Stabat Mater'', met Joyce DiDonato, Lawrence Brownlee, Ildebrando d'Arcangelo; Antonio Pappano, orkes en koor van die [[Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia]] (Warner Classics)
* 2010: ''Prima Donna – First Ladies of Opera'' [kompilasie, Decca]
* 2011: ''Anna Netrebko: Live at the Metropolitan Opera'' (DG)
* 2011: ''Stabat Mater – Pergolesi – A Tribute to Pergolesi'', met Marianna Pizzolato; Antonio Pappano, Orchestra dell'Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia (CD/DVD, DG)
* 2013: ''Verdi''; Gianandrea Noseda, Orchestra del Teatro Regio di Torino (DG)
* 2014: [[Richard Strauss|Strauss]]: ''Vier Laaste Liedere''; Daniel Barenboim, [[Staatskapelle Berlin]] (DG)
* 2016: ''Verismo'', met Yusif Eyvazov; Orkes van die [[Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia]], [[Antonio Pappano]] (DG)
* 2017: ''Romanza'', met Yusif Eyvazov (DG)
* 2018: ''Diva – The Very Best of Anna Netrebko'' [kompilasie, DG]
{{div col end}}
==== DVDs ====
* 2004: ''The Woman – The Voice'' (2003 dokumentêr)
* 2005: ''Gala Concert: 300 years of St. Petersburg''
* 2006: ''The Berlin Concert – Live from the Waldbühne'' (met [[Rolando Villazón]] en [[Plácido Domingo]])
* 2008: ''The Opera Gala – Live from Baden-Baden'' (met Elīna Garanča, Ramón Vargas en Ludovic Tézier)
* 2008: ''A Mozart Gala from Salzburg'' (met [[Thomas Hampson]], et al.; opgeneem in 2006)
* 2013: ''Live from Red Square Moscow'' (met Dmitri Hvorostovsky)
== Operarolle ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Rol
! Komponis
! Opera
|-
| Adina
| Donizetti
| ''L'elisir d'amore''
|-
| Adriana Lecouvreur
| Cilea
| ''Adriana Lecouvreur''
|-
| Aida
| Verdi
| ''[[Aida]]''
|-
| Amina
| Bellini
| ''[[La sonnambula]]''
|-
| Anna Bolena
| Donizetti
| ''Anna Bolena''
|-
| Antonia
| Offenbach
| ''Les contes d'Hoffmann''
|-
| Antonida
| Glinka
| ''A Life for the Tsar''
|-
| Donna Anna
| Mozart
| ''[[Don Giovanni]]''
|-
| Elvira
| Bellini
| ''I puritani''
|-
| Elsa
| Wagner
| ''[[Lohengrin]]''
|-
| Floria Tosca
| Puccini
| ''Tosca''
|-
| Gilda
| Verdi
| ''[[Rigoletto]]''
|-
| Giovanna
| Verdi
| ''Giovanna d'Arco''
|-
| Giulietta
| Bellini
| ''I Capuleti e i Montecchi''
|-
|Ilia
| Mozart
| ''[[Idomeneo]]''
|-
| Iolanta
| Tsjaikofski
| ''[[Iolanta]]''
|-
| Juliette
| Gounod
| ''Roméo et Juliette''
|-
| Königin der Nacht
| Mozart
| ''[[Die Towerfluit|Die Zauberflöte]]''
|-
| Lady Macbeth
| Verdi
| ''Macbeth''
|-
| Leonora
| Verdi
| ''[[Il trovatore]]''
|-
| Leonora
| Verdi
| ''[[La forza del destino]]''
|-
| Louisa
| Prokofiëf
| ''Betrothal in a Monastery''
|-
| Lucia
| Donizetti
| ''Lucia di Lammermoor''
|-
| Lyudmila
| Glinka
| ''Ruslan and Lyudmila''
|-
| Maddalena de Coigny
| Giordano
| ''Andrea Chénier''
|-
| Manon Lescaut
| Massenet
| ''Manon''
|-
| Manon Lescaut
| Puccini
| ''[[Manon Lescaut (Puccini)|Manon Lescaut]]''
|-
| Marfa
| Rimski-Korsakof
| ''The Tsar's Bride''
|-
| Micaëla
| Bizet
| ''[[Carmen]]''
|-
| Mimì
| Puccini
| ''[[La bohème]]''
|-
| Musetta
| Puccini
| ''[[La bohème]]''
|-
| Natasha
| Prokofiëf
| ''Oorlog en Vrede''
|-
| Ninetta
| Prokofiëf
| ''[[Liefde vir drie Lemoene]]''
|-
| Norina
| Donizetti
| ''[[Don Pasquale]]''
|-
| Pamina
| Mozart
| ''[[Die Towerfluit|Die Zauberflöte]]''
|-
| Rosina
| Rossini
| ''[[Barbier van Sevilla|Il barbiere di Siviglia]]''
|-
| Servilia
| Mozart
| ''La clemenza di Tito''
|-
| Susanna
| Mozart
| ''[[Die Huwelik van Figaro|Le nozze di Figaro]]''
|-
| Sylva Varescu
| Kálmán
| ''Die Csárdásfürstin''
|-
| Tatiana
| Tsjaikofski
| ''Eugene Onegin''
|-
| Violetta
| Verdi
| ''[[La traviata]]''
|-
| Xenia
| Moessorgski
| ''Boris Godoenof''
|-
| Zerlina
| Mozart
| ''[[Don Giovanni]]''
|}
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|30em|refs=
<ref name="MPC-asteroid">{{cite web |title=31104 Annanetrebko (1997 OK2) |work=Minor Planet Center |url=https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=31104 |access-date=6 Februarie 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428043935/https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=31104 |archive-date=28 April 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
<ref name="MPC-Circulars-Archive">{{cite web |title=MPC/MPO/MPS Archive |work=Minor Planet Center |url=https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |access-date=6 Februarie 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426060449/https://minorplanetcenter.net//iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html |archive-date=26 April 2020 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
}} <!-- end of reflist -->
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{Commonskat|Anna Netrebko}}
* {{Official website|http://www.annanetrebko.com/}}
* [http://theoperacritic.com/singers.php?singer=anna_netrebko Resensies, artikels, fotos en toekomstige skedules vir Anna Netrebko van ''The Opera Critic'']
* [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/02/magazine/02netrebko-t.html?ei=5087&em=&en=99d9474a7b50fc25&ex=1196830800&pagewanted=all Profiel van Netrebko], ''The New York Times''
* [http://operalively.com/forums/content.php/664-The-Exclusive-Opera-Lively-In-Person-Interview-with-Anna-Netrebko Onderhoud met Anna Netrebko op Opera Lively]
* {{IMDb name|id=1356025|name=Anna Netrebko}}
* [http://www.softpanorama.org/Links/Russian/Culture/Music/Female_singers/anna_netrebko.shtml Anna Netrebko op YouTube]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140903115158/http://www.charlierose.com/watch/40049875 Onderhoud] met Anna Netrebko, Stephen Costello, Peter Gelb op ''Anna Bolena'', ''Charlie Rose'', 10 Oktober 2011
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Netrebko, Anna}}
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1971]]
[[Kategorie:Russiese musici]]
[[Kategorie:Operasangers]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
qm3rk841hqxuylgw8nfsia13op3mf84
Sjabloon:Laaste F1GP
10
123956
2928650
2919469
2026-08-21T12:14:40Z
Aliwal2012
39067
2026 Nederlandse Grand Prix
2928650
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[2026 Nederlandse Grand Prix]]
<noinclude>
[[Kategorie:Formule Een lyste]]
</noinclude>
4x2ms5ox8dfvfl6ondprecpqtjxhcse
Amied
0
124572
2928755
2666988
2026-08-22T05:13:21Z
InternetArchiveBot
131157
Red 0 verwysing(s) en merk 1 as dood.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
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text/x-wiki
'n '''Amied''',<ref name="Collins"/><ref name="Oxford"/> ook bekend as 'n suuramied, is 'n verbinding met die funksionele groep R<sub>n</sub>E(O)<sub>x</sub>NR′<sub>2</sub> (R en R ′ verwys na H of organiese groepe). Die algemeenste is karboksamiede (organiese amiede) (n = 1, E = C, x = 1 ), maar baie ander belangrike soorte amiede is bekend, waaronder fosforamiede (n = 2, E = P, x = 1 (en baie verwante formules)) en sulfonamiede (E = S, x = 2). Die term amied verwys beide na klasse van verbindings en na die funksionele groep (R<sub>n</sub>E(O)<sub>x</sub>NR′<sub>2</sub>) binne daardie verbindings.
Amied kan ook na [[azanied]] (die [[anioon]] H<sub>2</sub>N<sup>−</sup>, [[gekonjugeerde basis]] van [[ammoniak]]), of na 'n organiese [[amien]] ('n [[anioon]] R<sub>2</sub>N<sup>−</sup>) verwys.
Vanweë die tweeledige gebruik van die woord 'amied', is daar debatte oor hoe om die afgeleide anione van amiede in die eerste sin (dws gedeprotoneerde asielvormige amiene) behoorlik en ondubbelsinnig te benoem, waarvan 'n paar algemeen as nie-reaktiewe teenwerkings gebruik word.<ref name="ChemInt"/>
== Suuramiede ==
[[Lêer:Amide.svg|duimnael|(Suur)amied]]
'''(Suur)-amiede''' is organiese verbindings met 'n funksionele groep {{chem|R{{subb|1}}|(CO)|NH|R{{subb|2}}}}. Amiede is die stikstofekwivalent van [[ester]]s. Hulle word gevorm deur die reaksie van 'n [[karboksielsuur]] met 'n [[amien]], pleks van 'n alkohol.
:<math> R_1COOH + H_2NR_2 \to R_1CONHR_2 + H_2O</math>
Hierdie binding word ook 'n ''peptied''binding genoem indien twee [[aminosuur]]-molekule 'n amied vorm. Die vorming van peptiedbindings is van fundamentele belang vir die [[biochemie]] omdat dit die bouprinsiep van [[proteïen]]e is.
== Alkalimetaalamiede ==
[[Lêer:Sodium-amide-Na-coordination-3D-balls.png|duimnael|Natriumion in tetraëdriese koördinasie deur vier amiedione soos in vastestof {{chem|Na|N|H|2}}]]
'''(Alkalimetaal)-amiede''' is verbindings wat die amiedioon {{chem|N|H|2|-}} bevat.
Hulle word gevorm deur byvoorbeeld die metaal [[natrium]] met vloeibare [[ammoniak]] te laat reageer:
:<math>2Na + 2NH_3 \to H_2\uparrow + 2NaNH_2</math>
Amiede is uiters sterk basisse wat onmiddellik met water sal reageer en ammoniak en hidroksied sal vrystel:
:<math> NH_2^- + H_2O \to NH_3 + OH^-</math>
Die amiedioon {{chem|N|H|2|-}} het 'n gebuigde vorm omdat dit dieselfde aantal elektrone as {{chem|H|2|O}} het en twee alleenpare.
In vloeibare ammoniak kom ook amied-ione voor vanweë die ewewig:
:<math>NH_3 + NH_3 \leftrightharpoons NH_4^+ + NH_2^-</math>
Hierdie ewewig is analoog aan die waterewewig.
== Eienskappe ==
=== Basisiteit ===
Vergeleke met amiene, is amiede baie swak [[Basis|basisse]]. Terwyl die gekonjugeerde suur van 'n amien 'n p''K''<sub>a</sub> van ongeveer 9,5 het, het die gekonjugeerde suur van 'n amied 'n p''K''<sub>a</sub> rondom −0,5. Amiede het dus nie so duidelik sigbare suur-basiese eienskappe in water nie. Hierdie relatiewe gebrek aan basisiteit word verklaar deur die elektron-onttrekkende aard van die [[karbonielgroep]], waar die alleen elektronpaar op die stikstof deur resonansie gedelokaliseer word. Aan die ander kant is amiede baie sterker basisse as [[Karboksielsuur|karboksielsure]], [[ester]]s, [[aldehied]]e en [[Ketoon|ketone]] (p''K''<sub>a</sub>s van hul gekonjugeerde sure is tussen −6 en −10).
As gevolg van die groter elektronegatiwiteit van suurstof, is die karboniel (C = O) 'n sterker [[dipool]] as die N – C dipool. Die teenwoordigheid van 'n C = O-dipool en, in 'n mindere mate 'n N – C-dipool, laat amiede op om as H-bindingsaanvaarders op te tree. In primêre en sekondêre amiede kan die teenwoordigheid van N-H-dipole amiede ook as H-bindingskenkers funksioneer. Amiede kan dus deelneem aan waterstofbinding met water en ander protiese oplosmiddels; die suurstofatoom kan waterstofbindings vanaf water aanvaar en die N – H-waterstofatome kan H-bindings skenk. As gevolg van interaksies soos hierdie, is die wateroplosbaarheid van amiede groter as dié van ooreenstemmende koolwaterstowwe.
Die proton van 'n primêre of sekondêre amied dissosieer nie maklik onder normale omstandighede nie; die p''K''<sub>a</sub> is gewoonlik ver bo 15. Omgekeerd, onder uiters suur toestande, kan die karboniel suurstof geprotoneer word met 'n p''K''<sub>a</sub> van ongeveer −1. Dit is nie net as gevolg van die positiewe lading op die stikstof nie, maar ook as gevolg van die negatiewe lading op die suurstof wat deur resonansie verkry word.
=== Oplosbaarheid ===
Die oplosbaarheid van amiede en esters is ongeveer vergelykbaar. Amiede is tipies minder oplosbaar as vergelykbare amiene en [[karboksielsure]], aangesien hierdie verbindings beide waterstofbindings kan skenk en aanvaar. Tersiêre amiede, met die belangrike uitsondering van [[Dimetielformamied|''N'',''N''-dimetielformamied]], vertoon lae oplosbaarheid in water.
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings|verwysings=
<ref name="ChemInt">{{Cite journal| doi=10.1515/ci.2007.29.4.16| url=http://old2015.iupac.org/publications/ci/2007/2904/ud.html| volume=29| issue=4| year=2007| title=Resolving Ambiguous Naming for an Ionic Liquid Anion| journal=Chemistry International -- Newsmagazine for Iupac| language=Engels}}{{Dooie skakel|date=Augustus 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="Collins">{{webaanhaling |url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/amide| titel=Amide - definisie en betekenis| datum=| werk=www.collinsdictionary.com| toegangsdatum=16 Desember 2019| taal=Engels}}</ref>
<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/english/amide |title=Amide - definisie |work=Oxford Dictionaries - English |accessdate=16 Desember 2019 |language=Engels |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820083017/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/english/amide |archive-date=20 Augustus 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
}}
[[Kategorie:Biochemie]]
[[Kategorie:Organiese chemie]]
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Charles Leclerc
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132842
2928652
2919646
2026-08-21T12:20:19Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Formule 1-uitslae */
2928652
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas renjaer
| name = Charles Leclerc
| image = 2024-08-25 Motorsport, Formel 1, Großer Preis der Niederlande 2024 STP 3978 by Stepro (cropped2).jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Leclerc was 3de in die [[2024 Nederlandse Grand Prix]]
| nationality = {{vlagikoon|MON}} Monegask
| birth_date = {{GDEO|1997|10|16|df=y|br=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Monte Carlo]], [[Monaco]]
| Old Team = [[Sauber]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 2026 Team = [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| Car number = 16
| Races = {{F1stat|LEC|entries}} ({{F1stat|LEC|starts}} begin)
| Championships = 0
| Wins = {{F1stat|LEC|wins}}
| Podiums = {{F1stat|LEC|podiums}}
| Points = {{F1stat|LEC|careerpoints}}
| Poles = {{F1stat|LEC|poles}}
| Fastest laps = {{F1stat|LEC|fastestlaps}}
| First race = [[2018 Australiese Grand Prix]]
| First win = [[2019 Belgiese Grand Prix]]
| Last win = [[2026 Britse Grand Prix]]
| Last race = {{laaste F1GP}}
| Last season = 2025
| Last position = 5de (242 punte)
}}
[[Lêer:Charles Leclerc - Haas (33107122725).jpg|duimnael|links|280px|Leclerc bestuur hier die Haas VF-16 in vrye oefening gedurende die [[2016 Britse Grand Prix]].]]
'''Charles Leclerc''' (gebore [[16 Oktober]] [[1997]]) is 'n [[Monaco|Monegaskiese]] professionele renbestuurder, wat sedert 2016 by [[Formule Een]] betrokke is en sedert 2019 vir die [[Scuderia Ferrari|fabrieks-Ferrarispan]] jaag, gekontrakteer tot die einde van die 2024-seisoen. Hy het die GP3-reeks- kampioenskap in 2016 en die FIA Formule 2-kampioenskap in 2017 gewen.
Leclerc het sy Formule Een-debuut in 2018 vir die [[Sauber]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrarispan]] gemaak,<ref name="Alfa Romeo Sauber">{{cite news |last1=Noble |first1=Jonathan |title=Sauber confirms Ericsson alongside Leclerc for 2018 |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/sauber-confirms-ericsson-leclerc-for-2018-f1-season-985150/ |access-date=2 Desember 2017 |work=Motorsport.com |publisher=Motorsport Network |date=2 Desember 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617165250/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/sauber-confirms-ericsson-leclerc-for-2018-f1-season-985150/ |archive-date=17 Junie 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> 'n span verbonde aan Ferrari, terwyl hy deel was van die Ferrari-bestuurdersakademie. Met Sauber wat die vorige jaar laaste geëindig het, het Leclerc die stryd aangesê om sy eindposisie in die vervaardigerskampioenskap tot agtste te verbeter, en was in die beter posisie van die twee Sauber-jaers.
Hy het die naasjongste jaer geword wat in Formule Een by die [[2019 Bahreinse Grand Prix]] in die voorwegspringposisie gekwalifiseer het. In die 2019-seisoen het Leclerc ook sy eerste loopbaanoorwinning in [[2019 Belgiese Grand Prix|België]] behaal. Hy het die FIA-voorwegsprongtrofee in die 2019-seisoen gewen en die jongste jaer geword om dit te wen. Hy eindig die [[2019 Formule Een-seisoen|2019]] in 'n verdienstelike vierde plek as bestuurder, nadat hy in elke wedren beter vertoon het as sy viermalige wêreldkampioenspanmaat, [[Sebastian Vettel]].
== Vroeë loopbaan ==
=== 2005–2013: Knortjorre ===
Leclerc het sy knortjorloopbaan in 2005 begin en die Franse PACA-kampioenskap in 2005, 2006 en 2008 gewen.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Charles Leclerc |work=allroadmanagement.com |publisher=All Road Management |url=http://www.allroadmanagement.com/charles-leclerc.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706223024/http://www.allroadmanagement.com/charles-leclerc.htm |archive-date=6 July 2015}}</ref> In 2009 het hy Franse Kadetkampioen geword voordat hy in 2010 na die KF3 -klas opgeskuif het, waar hy die Junior Monaco Kartbeker gewen het.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Monaco Kart Cup – KF3 2010 standings |work=driverdb.com |publisher=Driver Database |url=https://www.driverdb.com/championships/standings/monaco-kart-cup---kf3/2010/ |url-status=live |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327160548/https://www.driverdb.com/championships/standings/monaco-kart-cup---kf3/2010/ |archive-date=27 March 2019}}</ref> Hy het in die KF3-klas vir 2011 voortgegaan en die CIK - FIA KF3 Wêreldbeker, die CIK-FIA Karting Academy Trophy en die ERDF Junior Kart Masters gewen.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Karting details – the karting career of Charles Leclerc |work=driverdb.com |publisher=Driver Database |url=https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/charles-leclerc/ |url-status=live |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914175054/https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/charles-leclerc/ |archive-date=14 September 2020}}</ref> Leclerc het ook gedurende die jaar 'n lid van Nicolas Todt se All Road Management-maatskappy geword.<ref>{{Cite news |title=All Road Management – About Us |work=allroadmanagement.com |publisher=All Road Management |url=http://www.allroadmanagement.com/about.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222110618/http://www.allroadmanagement.com/about.htm |archive-date=22 December 2016}}</ref>
Leclerc het in 2012 na die KF2-kategorie gegradueer met die fabrieksgesteunde ART Grand Prix-span, wat die WSK Euro Series-titel gewen het,<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 August 2012 |title=ART Grand Prix and Charles Leclerc conquered the WSK Euro Series championship in Zuera |work=karting.art-grandprix.com |publisher=ART Grand Prix |url=http://karting.art-grandprix.com/news/art-grand-prix-and-charles-leclerc-conquered-wsk-euro-series-championship-zuera |url-status=dead |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102201328/http://karting.art-grandprix.com/news/art-grand-prix-and-charles-leclerc-conquered-wsk-euro-series-championship-zuera |archive-date=2 January 2015}}</ref> sowel as die naaswenner in die CIK-FIA Europese KF2-kampioenskap en die CIK-FIA onder 18 Wêreldkartingkampioenskap.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Charles Leclerc |work=karting.art-grandprix.com |publisher=ART Grand Prix |url=http://karting.art-grandprix.com/racing/kz/drivers/charles-leclerc |url-status=dead |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102184147/http://karting.art-grandprix.com/racing/kz/drivers/charles-leclerc |archive-date=2 January 2015}}</ref> In sy laaste jaar van karting in 2013 het Leclerc die Suid-Garda Winterbeker gewen en sesde posisie in die CIK-FIA Europese KZ -kampioenskap behaal en tweede geëindig in die CIK-FIA Wêreld-KZ-kampioenskap, agter die huidige [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]] Formule Een-jaer [[Max Verstappen]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=CIK-FIA World KZ Championship 2013 standings |work=driverdb.com |publisher=Driver Database |url=https://www.driverdb.com/championships/standings/world-championship-kz/2013/ |url-status=live |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327160550/https://www.driverdb.com/championships/standings/world-championship-kz/2013/ |archive-date=27 March 2019}}</ref>
===2014–2016: Formule Renault, Formule Drie en GP3===
In 2014 het Leclerc na enkelsitplekmotors gegradueer en in die Formule Renault 2.0 Alpe-kampioenskap vir die Britse span Fortec Motorsports gejaag.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goddard |first=Stephen |date=26 November 2013 |title=Leclerc teams up with Fortec for Alps campaign |work=paddockscout.com |publisher=Paddock Scout |url=http://www.paddockscout.com/leclerc-teams-up-with-fortec-for-alps-campaign/ |url-status=dead |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107103954/http://www.paddockscout.com/leclerc-teams-up-with-fortec-for-alps-campaign |archive-date=7 November 2018}}</ref> Gedurende die seisoen het hy sewe podiumplekke ingeneem, insluitend 'n dubbele oorwinning by [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|Monza]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Khorounzhiy |first=Valentin |date=6 July 2014 |title=Charles Leclerc grabs second win of Monza weekend |work=paddockscout.com |publisher=Paddock Scout |url=http://www.paddockscout.com/charles-leclerc-grabs-second-win-of-monza-weekend/ |url-status=dead |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203013817/http://www.paddockscout.com/charles-leclerc-grabs-second-win-of-monza-weekend |archive-date=3 December 2017}}</ref> om naaswenner in die kampioenskap agter Koiranen GP se [[Nyck de Vries]] te eindig.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Formula Renault 2.0 Alps 2014 standings |work=driverdb.com |publisher=Driver Database |url=https://www.driverdb.com/championships/standings/formula-renault-20-alps/2014/ |url-status=live |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510191528/https://www.driverdb.com/championships/standings/formula-renault-20-alps/2014/ |archive-date=10 May 2021}}</ref> Leclerc het ook die Juniorkampioenskaptitel by die laaste wedren van die seisoen in [[Jerez-renbaan|Jerez]] gewen en voor die tiener Matevos Isaakyan geëindig.<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 October 2014 |title=Leclerc takes Rookie Championship title |work=fortecmotorsports.com |publisher=Fortec Motorsports |url=http://fortecmotorsports.com/?p=2276 |url-status=dead |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228023238/http://fortecmotorsports.com/?p=2276 |archive-date=28 February 2015}}</ref>
Leclerc het ook aan 'n deel van die Eurocup Formule Renault 2.0-seisoen as 'n gasbestuurder vir Fortec deelgeneem. In die ses wedrenne waaraan hy deelgeneem het, het hy drie keer op die podium geëindig en 'n tweede plek by die [[Nürburgring]] behaal, gevolg deur 'n paar tweede plekke by die [[Hungaroring]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Allen |first=Peter |date=18 December 2014 |title=PaddockScout Top 50 drivers of 2014: 20–11 |work=paddockscout.com |publisher=Paddock Scout |url=http://www.paddockscout.com/paddockscout-top-50-drivers-of-2014-20-11/ |url-status=dead |access-date=2 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171009093236/http://www.paddockscout.com/paddockscout-top-50-drivers-of-2014-20-11 |archive-date=9 October 2017}}</ref>
[[Lêer:Charles Leclerc, Formel 3 2015.JPG|duimnael|Leclerc jaag in die 2015 Europese Formule 3-kampioenskap]]
Leclerc het in 2015 na Formule Drie gegradueer en in die FIA Formule 3 Europese Kampioenskap saam met die Nederlandse span Van Amersfoort Racing gejaag.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Simmons |first=Marcus |date=14 January 2015 |title=Nicolas Todt protege Charles Leclerc secures F3 deal for 2015 |work=Autosport |publisher=Haymarket Publications |url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/117356 |url-status=live |access-date=14 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182822/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/117356 |archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> By die openingsronde van die seisoen op [[Silverstone-renbaan|Silverstone]] het Leclerc die voorwegspringposisie vir die tweede en derde wedrenne van die naweek geërf nadat die oorspronklike voor-kwalifiseerder Felix Rosenqvist weens 'n tegniese oortreding uitgesluit is.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Allen |first=Peter |date=11 April 2015 |title=Rosenqvist excluded from second qualifying, Leclerc inherits two poles |work=paddockscout.com |publisher=Paddock Scout |url=http://www.paddockscout.com/rosenqvist-excluded-from-second-qualifying-leclerc-inheirts-two-poles/26272 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603081653/http://www.paddockscout.com/rosenqvist-excluded-from-second-qualifying-leclerc-inheirts-two-poles/26272 |archive-date=3 June 2017}}</ref> Hy het voortgegaan om sy eerste renoorwinning in die derde ren van die naweek te behaal, voor [[Antonio Giovinazzi]] en Jake Dennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Allen |first=Peter |date=12 April 2015 |title=Charles Leclerc gets victory in final race of debut F3 weekend |work=paddockscout.com |publisher=Paddock Scout |url=http://www.paddockscout.com/charles-leclerc-gets-victory-in-final-race-of-debut-f3-weekend/26376 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170602235111/http://www.paddockscout.com/charles-leclerc-gets-victory-in-final-race-of-debut-f3-weekend/26376 |archive-date=2 June 2017}}</ref> Hy het sy tweede oorwinning by die volgende ronde in [[Hockenheimring|Hockenheim]] behaal, die derde wedren gewen, sowel as twee bykomende podiums en drie nuweling-oorwinnings in die loop van die byeenkoms.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Allen |first=Peter |date=3 May 2015 |title=Charles Leclerc wins wet third European F3 race at Hockenheim |work=paddockscout.com |publisher=Paddock Scout |url=http://www.paddockscout.com/charles-leclerc-wins-wet-third-european-f3-race-at-hockenheim/27335 |url-status=dead |access-date=3 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906074953/http://www.paddockscout.com/charles-leclerc-wins-wet-third-european-f3-race-at-hockenheim/27335 |archive-date=6 September 2017}}</ref> Leclerc het sy derde oorwinning in die eerste wedren by [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]] behaal wat hom die voortou in die kampioenskap laat neem het. Leclerc het egter vierde op die punteleer geëindig, meestal weens skade wat aan sy motor se onderstel opgedoen is ná 'n botsing met [[Lance Stroll]] by [[Zandvoort-renbaan|Zandvoort]].
In November 2015 het Leclerc tweede by die Macau Grand Prix geëindig. In Desember 2015 het Leclerc aan na-seisoen toetse deelgeneem vir ART Grand Prix en Arden International. De Vries het in Februarie 2016 bevestig dat Leclerc in die 2016 GP3-seisoen sou jaag.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2016 |title=De Vries joins 2016 GP3 field with ART |url=http://www.motorsport.com/gp3/news/de-vries-joins-2016-gp3-field-with-art-675332/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630105323/https://www.motorsport.com/gp3/news/de-vries-joins-2016-gp3-field-with-art-675332/ |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=24 February 2016 |quote="We have Charles Leclerc, Alexander Albon [neither confirmed yet], Jake Hughes, Jack Aitken and Kevin Jorg lining up on the grid and Antonio Fuoco is staying for another season. All these guys are capable of winning races"}}</ref> ART het Leclerc die volgende week onderteken. Met die span het hy drie oorwinnings behaal en die titel in sy eerste jaar van die reeks verower, ondanks die feit dat hy in die hoofwedren van die seisoen se laaste wedren in Aboe Dhabi 'n ongeluk gemaak het.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Allen |first=Peter |date=26 November 2016 |title=Leclerc is GP3 champion despite collision as De Vries wins |work=formulascout.com |url=http://www.formulascout.com/leclerc-is-gp3-champion-despite-collision-as-de-vries-wins/35825 |url-status=live |access-date=14 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401175521/http://www.formulascout.com/leclerc-is-gp3-champion-despite-collision-as-de-vries-wins/35825 |archive-date=1 April 2019}}</ref>
== 2017: FIA Formule 2-kampioenskap ==
[[Lêer:Charles Leclerc Jerez 2017.jpg|duimnael|Leclerc lei die 2017 Jerez Formule 2-rondte, op pad om die Formule 2-kampioenskap te wen]]
Die week ná sy oorwinning in die GP3-titelren, is bevestig dat Charles Leclerc na die Formule 2-reeks vir die 2017-seisoen gradueer by Prema Racing, saam met mede-GP3-renjaer en Ferrari-junior Antonio Fuoco.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2016 |title=GP2: Ferrari juniors to Prema for 2017 |url=https://www.racer.com/international-racing/item/136792-ferrari-juniors-to-prema-in-gp2-for-2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129151115/https://www.racer.com/international-racing/item/136792-ferrari-juniors-to-prema-in-gp2-for-2017 |archive-date=29 November 2016 |access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref>
Hy het sy debuut by [[Bahrein Internasionale Renbaan|Bahrein]] gemaak, waar hy die voorwegspringposisie ingeneem het vir die hoofwedren, maar net derde geëindig.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kalinauckas |first=Alex |title=Bahrain Formula 2: Markelov beats Nato and Leclerc with late surge |language=en |work=Autosport.com |url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/128986 |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625124358/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/128986 |archive-date=25 June 2017}}</ref> In die naelwedren het sy Prema-span besluit om 'n middelwedren-kuipestop te doen, wat baie ongewoon is in die korter naelrenne. Hy het harder op sy medium Pirellibande gedruk en 'n voorsprong van nege sekondes geskep voordat hy gestop het. Dit sou hom tot die 14de plek laat terugval, maar Leclerc het hierna 13 motors verbygesteek en die oorwinning behaal deur Luca Ghiotto in die laaste rondte verby te steek.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kalinauckas |first=Alex |title=Bahrain Formula 2: Ferrari junior Leclerc beats Ghiotto and Rowland |language=en |work=Autosport.com |url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/129011 |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808154041/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/129011 |archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> Nadat hy vir die tweede agtereenvolgende keer die voorwegspringposisie ingeneem het, het hy sake met Ghiotto uitgespook om weer in die Catalunya-pronkwedren te wen, ondanks 'n radiokwessie.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leclerc scorches to feature victory – Formula 2 |url=http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/05_May/Leclerc-scorches-to-feature-victory-/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808160928/http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/5_May/Leclerc-scorches-to-feature-victory-/ |archive-date=8 August 2017 |access-date=8 August 2017 |website=www.fiaformula2.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Feature Race Press Conference, Barcelona – Formula 2 |url=http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/05_May/Feature-Race-Press-Conference-Barcelona/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808154050/http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/5_May/Feature-Race-Press-Conference-Barcelona/ |archive-date=8 August 2017 |access-date=8 August 2017 |website=www.fiaformula2.com}}</ref>
Leclerc het geen punte by sy tuisronde by [[Monaco-renbaan|Monaco]] aangeteken nie. Hy moes uit die voorwegspringplek van die ren onttrek weens 'n veringprobleem. Die uitval het ook beteken dat hy die naelwedren agter op die rooster sou begin, en in hierdie wedren het hy met Norman Nato gebots terwyl hy probeer het om sy weg op die rooster te verbeter, wat uiteindelik daartoe gelei het dat albei jaers uit die wedren moes onttrek. Hy het die kampioenskapvoorsprong behou ten spyte van 'n swak naweek, wat hy as 'reuse teleurstellend' beskryf het.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kalinauckas |first=Alex |title=Monaco F2: Rowland takes first win as Leclerc retires |language=en |work=Autosport.com |url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/129774 |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808193301/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/129774 |archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Monaco F2: De Vries takes maiden win in Rapax 1–2 |language=en |work=Motorsport.com |url=https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/monaco-f2-de-vries-rapax-sprint-race-911283/?s=1 |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808155435/https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/monaco-f2-de-vries-rapax-sprint-race-911283/?s=1 |archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Leclerc column: Moving on from Monaco misfortune |language=en |work=Motorsport.com |url=https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/charles-leclerc-column-monaco-f2-heartbreak-912533/ |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808162457/https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/charles-leclerc-column-monaco-f2-heartbreak-912533/ |archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref>
Leclerc het 'n vierde agtereenvolgende voorwegspringplek by 'n wedren in Azerbeidjan geneem, wat hy aan sy oorlede pa, Herve, opgedra het. Hy het dit in nog 'n oorwinning omskep, hoewel die wedren vyf rondtes voor die geskeduleerde einde met 'n rooi vlag beëindig is.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kalinauckas |first=Alex |title=Baku F2: Ferrari junior Charles Leclerc wins red-flagged race |language=en |work=Autosport.com |url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/130343 |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808072959/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/130343 |archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> In die naelwedren het hy agtste weggespring, en vroeg tot tiende geval, maar teruggeveg tot sesde. Die uitval van die renvoorloper, sy titelmededinger Oliver Rowland, en De Vries, wat ook voor Leclerc was, het beteken dat Leclerc tot vierde verbeter het. Hy het toe [[Nicholas Latifi]] en Jordan King verby gesteek en die nuwe leier, Nato, begin aanval. Hy het Nato verbygesteek, maar het 'n straf van tien sekondes gekry omdat hy nie spoed verminder het vir geel vlae nie, en het dus tweede geëindig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Formula 2 – The Insider – Issue 4: So Close! |url=http://www.fiaformula2.com/Global/F2/2017/07_TheInsider/Insider2017-FIAF2-Issue4.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808155503/http://www.fiaformula2.com/Global/F2/2017/07_TheInsider/Insider2017-FIAF2-Issue4.pdf |archive-date=8 August 2017 |website=fiaformula2.com}}</ref>
In Oostenryk het hy sy vyfde voorwegspringplek ingeneem, en toe die vertoonwedren gewen ondanks druk van sy spanmaat Fuoco, en teen die einde, die DAMS van Latifi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leclerc Makes it Five in Austria – Formula 2 |url=http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/07_July/Leclerc-Makes-it-Five-in-Austria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809121450/http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/7_July/Leclerc-Makes-it-Five-in-Austria/ |archive-date=9 August 2017 |access-date=8 August 2017 |website=www.fiaformula2.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Leclerc soars to feature victory – Formula 2 |url=http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/07_July/Leclerc-soars-to-feature-victory/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912190840/http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/7_July/Leclerc-soars-to-feature-victory/ |archive-date=12 September 2017 |access-date=8 August 2017 |website=www.fiaformula2.com}}</ref> Hy sou uit die naelren val nadat hy met Fuoco gebots het en getol het.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kalinauckas |first=Alex |title=Artem Markelov wins Austria F2 sprint race, Charles Leclerc crashes |language=en |work=Autosport.com |url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/130631 |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808153304/http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/130631 |archive-date=8 August 2017}}</ref> Deur vir die sesde keer die voorwegspringplek in te neem vir die volgende wedren, by Silverstone, het hy die rekord vir die meeste voorwegspringplekke na mekaar geëwenaar, wat deur [[Stoffel Vandoorne]] in 2014 en 2015 opgestel is. Hy het die wedren gewen, selfs nadat sy motor tydens die wedren aan die brand geslaan het, en selfs nadat een van sy kantspieëls in die slotfase losgeraak het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leclerc flies to five in Silverstone feature – Formula 2 |url=http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/07_July/Leclerc-flies-to-five-in-Silverstone-feature/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020014346/http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/7_July/Leclerc-flies-to-five-in-Silverstone-feature/ |archive-date=20 October 2017 |access-date=8 August 2017 |website=www.fiaformula2.com}}</ref>
Hy sou nie voor wegspring in Hongarye nie, al het hy sy sewende agtereenvolgende voorwegspringposisie ingeneem, aangesien hy vir 'n tegniese oortreding gediskwalifiseer is. Ten spyte daarvan dat hy laaste weggespring het, was hy by die eerste draai reeds in die 12de posisie. Deur 'n alternatiewe bandstrategie te benut wat hom op die mediumbande laat begin het, het Leclerc agter [[Alexander Albon]] vasgeval, wat op dieselfde strategie was, hoewel hy uiteindelik verby gekom het en vierde sou eindig. Hy sou ook die volgende dag vierde in die naelren eindig, wat hom 'n 50-punt-kampioenskapvoorsprong bo Rowland gegee het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rowland on top in dramatic Budapest feature – Formula 2 |url=http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/07_July/Rowland-on-top-in-dramatic-Budapest-feature/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930161755/http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/7_July/Rowland-on-top-in-dramatic-Budapest-feature/ |archive-date=30 September 2017 |access-date=8 August 2017 |website=www.fiaformula2.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Matsushita dominates Budapest sprint – Formula 2 |url=http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/07_July/Matsushita-dominates-Budapest-sprint/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001202259/http://www.fiaformula2.com/News-Room/News/2017/7_July/Matsushita-dominates-Budapest-sprint/ |archive-date=1 October 2017 |access-date=8 August 2017 |website=www.fiaformula2.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=STATS TO CHAT – The Insider |url=http://theinsider.fiaformula2.com/f2/issue-7-f2/stats-to-chat-7/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808155414/http://theinsider.fiaformula2.com/f2/issue-7-f2/stats-to-chat-7/ |archive-date=8 August 2017 |access-date=8 August 2017 |website=theinsider.fiaformula2.com |language=en}}</ref>
Vir die Belgiese rondtes het Leclerc weer die voorwegspringplek geneem en die wedren oortuigend met meer as 20 sekondes gewen, maar sy oorwinning is gediskwalifiseer omdat een van sy skyfblokke buitensporig verweer was. Nadat Leclerc in die 19de plek moes wegspring, het hy weer tot die vyfde plek geklim en 3,8 sekondes agter die wenner, Sérgio Sette Câmara, geëindig.
[[Beeld:F2-Race1のシャルル1 (36974715682).jpg|duimnael|links|Leclerc by die 2017 Monza Formule-2 rondte]]
Vir die Italiaanse vertoonwedren het Leclerc om die voortou meegeding; maar op die laaste rondte was hy egter in 'n ongeluk met De Vries betrokke. Nadat hy vir die tweede agtereenvolgende naelren agter op die rooster weggespring het, het Leclerc daarin geslaag om terug te veg na die negende posisie, al was dit sonder enige punte.
Met 'n marge van 57 punte oor Rowland wat op pad was na die voorlaaste rondtes by Jerez, het Leclerc sy agtste voorwegspringplek van die seisoen behaal, met albei sy tydrondtes wat goed genoeg was vir die voorwegspringplek. In die vertoonwedren het Leclerc die meeste van die vroeë wedren op sagte bande oorheers en kon die meeste van die deelnemers op die alternatiewe strategie verbysteek. Met sewe rondtes oor, het Nobuharu Matsushita egter met Santino Ferrucci gebots, wat die veiligheidsmotor laat verskyn het. Op die punt toe die wedren hervat is, is Leclerc oor die spanradio verkeerd ingelig dat dit die "laaste rondte" was, al was daar vier rondtes om te gaan,<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Leclerc column: How lap count mishap nearly delayed F2 title |language=en |work=Motorsport.com |url=https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/leclerc-column-jerez-title-mishap-lap-count-964048/ |url-status=live |access-date=6 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321175936/https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/leclerc-column-jerez-title-mishap-lap-count-964048/3051381/ |archive-date=21 March 2022}}</ref> so nadat hy hard gedruk het om 'n gaping op te bou, was Leclerc se bande "erg oorverhit" met verskeie rondtes nog om te gaan, en alhoewel sy bande teen die einde heeltemal gedaan was, het Leclerc daarin geslaag om 'n stormende Rowland met 0,23 sekondes terug te hou,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Results – Formula 2 |url=http://www.fiaformula2.com/Results/?raceid=982&seasonid=174 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112160550/http://www.fiaformula2.com/Results/?seasonid=174&raceid=982 |archive-date=12 November 2017 |access-date=6 February 2018 |website=www.fiaformula2.com}}</ref> en die FIA Formule 2-kampioenskap in sy nuwelingseisoen in te palm in die F1-voerderreeks.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 October 2017 |title=Leclerc seals F2 title with Jerez win |work=Autosport.com |publisher=Motorsport Network |url=https://www.autosport.com/f2/news/132272/leclerc-seals-f2-title-with-jerez-win |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308051753/https://www.autosport.com/f2/news/132272/leclerc-seals-f2-title-with-jerez-win |archive-date=8 March 2019}}</ref>
Deur die kampioenskap te beklink, het Leclerc die jongste kampioen ooit van die hoofondersteuningsreeks vir Formule 1 geword op 19 jaar, 356 dae, en die eerste jaer sedert [[Nico Hülkenberg]] in 2009 om die kampioenskap in hul nuwelingseisoen te wen ('n prestasie wat net [[Nico Rosberg]] en [[Lewis Hamilton]] voorheen vermag het) en die enigste jaer wat 'n kampioenskap met die Dallara GP2/11-onderstel in hul nuwelingseisoen gewen het.
Vir die naelren het Leclerc in die agtste plek weggespring, maar weens sy motor se aggressiewe opset moes hy en sy spanmaat, Antonio Fuoco, die naelren by die kuipe aandoen vir nuwe bande. Leclerc het egter deur die veld gevleg, maar weens die oormatige slytasie van sy bande het hy drie plekke op die laaste rondte afgestaan en in die sewende plek geëindig.
Vir die laaste rondes in [[Yas Marina-renbaan|Aboe Dhabi]] het Leclerc in die sesde plek gekwalifiseer vir die vertoonwedren, sy laagste wegspringposisie die hele seisoen, uitgesluit strawwe. Ten spyte hiervan het hy egter daarin geslaag om die hoogste van die renjaers op 'n alternatiewe strategie in Aboe Dhabi (sag, dan supersag) in die vierde plek te eindig. Hy het tot derde gevorder, maar is in die laaste draai van die laaste rondte deur Antonio Fuoco geklop. Hierdie posisie is egter later na tweede verander nadat die wedrenwenner, Oliver Rowland, en Fuoco gediskwalifiseer is vir onderskeidelik oormatige vloerslytasie en onderdruk-voorbande.
Vir Leclerc se laaste wedren het hy in die sewende posisie weggespring. Hy kon aanvanklik twee plekke opmaak, maar het stadiger gevorder as die renleiers [[Alexander Albon]] en [[Nicholas Latifi]]. Soos die wedren gevorder het, het Leclerc egter tyd begin wen vergeleke met sy mededingers en het daarin geslaag om Latifi met 'n paar rondtes oor verby te steek. Vir die laaste drie rondtes was DRS gedeaktiveer en geel vlae in die finale sektor het beteken dat Leclerc agter Albon vasgeval het, maar op die laaste rondte het albei jaers verstrengel geraak, veroorsaak deur Leclerc wat Albon gestamp het, en albei het 'n naelren gehad totdat Leclerc uiteindelik die voortou geneem het en met 1,293 sekondes gewen het, sy laaste oorwinning in sy laaste Formule 2-ren.
== Formule 1-loopbaan ==
[[Lêer:Charles_Leclerc_-_Haas_&_Felipe_Massa_-_Williams_(32724536820).jpg|links|duimnael|Leclerc ''(links)'' het in 2016 by die Ferrari Bestuurdersakademie aangesluit en vier vrye oefensessies by die [[Haas F1-span]] voltooi.]]
In 2016 het Leclerc by die Ferrari Bestuurdersakademie aangesluit as 'n ontwikkelingsbestuurder vir die [[Haas F1-span]] en [[Scuderia Ferrari]]<ref name="FDA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-gets-ferrari-and-haas-development-role-676625/?s=1|title=Leclerc gets Ferrari and Haas development role|last=Khorounzhiy|first=Valentin|date=1 March 2016|website=Motorsport.com|publisher=Motorsport Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630105640/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-gets-ferrari-and-haas-development-role-676625/?s=1|archive-date=30 June 2018|access-date=1 March 2016}}</ref> Hy het twee maande later sy toetsdebuut by Fiorano gemaak en die Ferrari F14 T bestuur.<ref name="CAT16">{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/fia-f3/news/gp3-barcelona-ferrari-f1-junior-charles-leclerc-dominates-race-one-4988892/4988892/|title=GP3 Barcelona: Ferrari F1 junior Charles Leclerc dominates race one|date=14 May 2016|website=[[Autosport]]|publisher=Haymarket Media Group|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250119075702/https://www.autosport.com/fia-f3/news/gp3-barcelona-ferrari-f1-junior-charles-leclerc-dominates-race-one-4988892/4988892/|archive-date=19 January 2025|access-date=17 February 2025}}</ref> As deel van sy rol by Haas het Leclerc deelgeneem aan die eerste vrye oefensessies van die [[2016 Britse Grand Prix|Britse]], [[2016 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongaarse]], [[2016 Duitse Grand Prix|Duitse]] en [[2016 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|Brasiliaanse Grands Prix]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/gp3-winner-leclerc-gets-practice-outings-with-haas.3DBA2Za626iH1oss8DaxSY|title=GP3 winner Leclerc gets practice outings with Haas|date=24 June 2016|website=Formula 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202194429/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/gp3-winner-leclerc-gets-practice-outings-with-haas.3DBA2Za626iH1oss8DaxSY|archive-date=2 December 2024|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/18078070/charles-leclerc-gives-haas-fp1-appearance-abu-dhabi|title=Charles Leclerc gives up Haas FP1 appearance in Abu Dhabi|last=Saunders|first=Nate|date=18 November 2016|website=[[ESPN]]|publisher=ESPN Inc.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016183228/http://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/18078070/charles-leclerc-gives-haas-fp1-appearance-abu-dhabi|archive-date=16 October 2017|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-withdraws-from-haas-f1-practice-duties-to-prioritise-gp3-5028914/5028914/|title=Leclerc withdraws from Haas F1 practice duties to prioritise GP3|last=Barretto|first=Lawrence|last2=Beer|first2=Matt|date=17 November 2016|website=[[Autosport]]|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119200646/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-withdraws-from-haas-f1-practice-duties-to-prioritise-gp3-5028914/5028914/|archive-date=19 January 2022|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref> Nadat hy Ferrari by eersgenoemde beïndruk het, het hy sy eerste amptelike toets vir die span by [[Silverstone-renbaan|Silverstone]] in die SF16-H voltooi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-gets-ferrari-f1-test-chance-after-impressing-haas-5041006/5041006/|title=Charles Leclerc gets Ferrari F1 test chance after impressing Haas|last=Barretto|first=Lawrence|date=10 July 2016|website=[[Autosport]]|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312134910/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-gets-ferrari-f1-test-chance-after-impressing-haas-5041006/5041006/|archive-date=12 March 2023|access-date=24 January 2025}}</ref> Daar was aanvanklik gerugte dat hy direk na Formule Een met Haas sou gradueer nadat hy die 2016 GP3-reeks gewen het;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/17129581/charles-leclerc-gp3-title-key-2017-f1-hopes|title=Charles Leclerc: GP3 title key to 2017 F1 hopes|last=Larkam|first=Lewis|date=23 July 2016|website=[[ESPN]]|publisher=ESPN Inc.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231080125/http://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/17129581/charles-leclerc-gp3-title-key-2017-f1-hopes|archive-date=31 December 2017|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref> maar hul spanhoof Guenther Steiner het die gerugte ontken en gesê dat Leclerc eerder na FIA Formule 2 sou vorder.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://racer.com/2016/09/29/haas-rules-out-signing-leclerc-for-2017/|title=F1: Haas rules out signing Leclerc for 2017|date=29 September 2016|magazine=Racer (tydskrif)|access-date=27 January 2025|issn=1066-6060|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127091103/https://racer.com/2016/09/29/haas-rules-out-signing-leclerc-for-2017/|archive-date=27 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Lêer:Charles_Leclerc_2017_Malaysia_FP1.jpg|regs|duimnael|Leclerc het vier sessies met [[Sauber Motorsport|Sauber]] in 2017 voltooi, sowel as die middelseisoentoets met [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]].]]
Leclerc het deelgeneem aan die 2017 middelseisoentoets by die [[Hungaroring]] met Ferrari — in die SF70H — en 98 rondtes voltooi en die vinnigste rondte van die eerste dag opgestel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-heads-day-one-of-budapest-test-for-ferrari.6ven76x06QesO8UsOU6E0M|title=Leclerc heads day one of Budapest test for Ferrari|date=1 August 2017|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912160030/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-heads-day-one-of-budapest-test-for-ferrari.6ven76x06QesO8UsOU6E0M|archive-date=12 September 2024|access-date=8 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/20217843/ferrari-youngster-charles-leclerc-tops-opening-hungary-test|title=Ferrari youngster Charles Leclerc tops opening Hungary test|last=Saunders|first=Nate|date=1 August 2017|website=[[ESPN]]|publisher=ESPN Inc.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904190116/http://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/20217843/ferrari-youngster-charles-leclerc-tops-opening-hungary-test|archive-date=4 September 2017|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref> [[Kimi Räikkönen]] het sy vertoning geprys en gesê "dit is nie maklik om goed te doen in 'n ander motor as wat jy normaalweg bestuur nie", en bygevoeg dat "hy verseker wonderlik sal doen in die toekoms".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=http://autoweek.com/racing/formula-1/a1828826/kimi-raikkonen-praises-ferrari-f1-prospect-charles-leclerc-after-contract/|title=Kimi Raikkonen praises Ferrari F1 prospect Charles Leclerc after contract extension|date=23 August 2017|magazine=Autoweek|publisher=Crain Communications|access-date=30 May 2020|issn=0192-9674|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715002727/https://www.autoweek.com/racing/formula-1/a1828826/kimi-raikkonen-praises-ferrari-f1-prospect-charles-leclerc-after-contract/|archive-date=15 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het verdere vrye oefensessies met [[Sauber Motorsport|Sauber]] voltooi by die [[2017 Maleisiese Grand Prix|Maleisiese]], [[2017 Verenigde State Grand Prix|Verenigde State]], [[2017 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|Mexikaanse]] en [[2017 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|Brasiliaanse Grands Prix]], nadat hy vir 2018 by die span geteken het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/20775411/ferrari-prodigy-charles-leclerc-handed-four-2017-friday-practice-sessions-sauber|title=Ferrari prodigy Charles Leclerc handed four Friday practice sessions by Sauber|last=Saunders|first=Nate|date=21 September 2017|publisher=[[ESPN]] Inc.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312213114/http://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/20775411/ferrari-prodigy-charles-leclerc-handed-four-2017-friday-practice-sessions-sauber|archive-date=12 March 2018|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref>
=== Sauber (2018) ===
[[Lêer:2018_Chinese_Grand_Prix_FP3_Charles_Leclerc_(39897914770)_(cropped).jpg|links|duimnael|Leclerc (gefotografeer by die [[2018 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese Grand Prix]]) het in 2018 in Formule Een met [[Sauber Motorsport|Sauber]] gedebuteer.]]
Leclerc het in 2018 as 'n voltydse bestuurder by [[Sauber Motorsport|Sauber]] geteken en [[Pascal Wehrlein]] vervang met [[Marcus Ericsson]] as spanmaat.<ref name="2018contract">{{Cite web|url=https://au.motorsport.com/f1/news/sauber-confirms-ericsson-leclerc-for-2018-f1-season-985150/1381840/|title=Sauber confirms Ericsson alongside Leclerc for 2018|last=Noble|first=Jonathan|date=2 December 2017|website=Motorsport.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223212952/https://au.motorsport.com/f1/news/sauber-confirms-ericsson-leclerc-for-2018-f1-season-985150/1381840/|archive-date=23 February 2023|access-date=2 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11108517/f1-2018-charles-leclerc-and-marcus-ericsson-confirmed-at-sauber|title=F1 2018: Charles Leclerc and Marcus Ericsson confirmed at Sauber|last=Green|first=Jonathan|last2=Galloway|first2=James|date=4 December 2017|website=Sky Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918164831/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11108517/f1-2018-charles-leclerc-and-marcus-ericsson-confirmed-at-sauber|archive-date=18 September 2024|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref> Met sy debuut by die Australiese Grand Prix het Leclerc die eerste Monegaskiese bestuurder geword wat aan Formule Een meeding sedert Olivier Beretta in 1994. Hy het agtiende gekwalifiseer en dertiende geëindig in sy debuut.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/25/motorsport/f1-leclerc-bianchi-ferrari-sauber/index.html|title=Charles Leclerc impresses on debut in Australia|date=25 March 2018|work=[[CNN]]|access-date=27 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207194725/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/25/motorsport/f1-leclerc-bianchi-ferrari-sauber/index.html|archive-date=7 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Na hy geen punte in [[2018 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahrein]] en [[2018 Chinese Grand Prix|China]] verdien het nie,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/formula1/43420536|title=How dramatic Bahrain GP unfolded|date=8 April 2018|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=27 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127104037/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/live/formula1/43420536|archive-date=27 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/sauber-f1-rookie-charles-leclerc-confused-by-chinese-gp-spin-5322154/5322154/|title=Sauber F1 rookie Charles Leclerc confused by Chinese GP spin|last=Mitchell|first=Scott|date=16 April 2018|website=[[Autosport]]|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129093406/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/sauber-f1-rookie-charles-leclerc-confused-by-chinese-gp-spin-5322154/5322154/|archive-date=29 November 2023|access-date=27 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> het 'n sesde plek by die Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix hom die eerste Monegask gemaak wat [[Lys van Formule Een wêreldkampioenskap punteleer metodes|punte]] in Formule Een aangeteken het sedert Louis Chiron in 1950.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/sixth-like-a-win-first-time-points-scorer-leclerc.y3pnYEGtQ402eecAIsc44|title=Sixth 'like a win' – first time points-scorer Leclerc|date=30 April 2018|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613005913/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/sixth-like-a-win-first-time-points-scorer-leclerc.y3pnYEGtQ402eecAIsc44|archive-date=13 June 2024|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref> Hy het nog 'n punt aangeteken deur tiende te eindig by die Spaanse Grand Prix.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/may/13/lewis-hamilton-wins-spain-lead-f1-title-race |title=Lewis Hamilton wins Spanish Grand Prix to stretch lead in F1 title race |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=13 May 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=27 January 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225110312/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/may/13/lewis-hamilton-wins-spain-lead-f1-title-race |archive-date=25 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> By sy eerste [[2018 Monaco Grand Prix|tuis-Grand Prix in Monaco]] het Leclerc 'n remfaling in die laaste rondtes opgedoen, en teen [[Brendon Hartley]] in die ''[[Monaco-renbaan|Nouvelle Chicane]]'' gebots het en sy eerste loopbaanonttrekking beteken het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/brake-disc-failure-to-blame-for-leclerc-hartley-collision.3Kl1jE4UV2CMaiwA8yEw8i|title=Brake disc failure to blame for Leclerc–Hartley collision|date=27 May 2018|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713224912/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/brake-disc-failure-to-blame-for-leclerc-hartley-collision.3Kl1jE4UV2CMaiwA8yEw8i|archive-date=13 July 2024|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/monaco-grand-prix-f1-stewards-exonerate-leclerc-over-hartley-crash-5319980/5319980/|title=Monaco Grand Prix F1 stewards exonerate Leclerc over Hartley crash|last=Freeman|first=Glenn|last2=Codling|first2=Stuart|date=27 May 2018|website=[[Autosport]]|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616021902/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/monaco-grand-prix-f1-stewards-exonerate-leclerc-over-hartley-crash-5319980/5319980/|archive-date=16 June 2024|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref> Drie agtereenvolgende punte-uitslae het in [[2018 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanada]], [[2018 Franse Grand Prix|Frankryk]] en [[2018 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenryk]] gevolg,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/austria-result-a-huge-boost-for-sauber-leclerc.I4b2efS8g0EUComM6O4GG|title=Austria result a ‘huge boost’ for Sauber – Leclerc|date=2 July 2018|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718224642/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/austria-result-a-huge-boost-for-sauber-leclerc.I4b2efS8g0EUComM6O4GG|archive-date=18 July 2024|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref> voordat hy vyf wedrenne sonder punte afgelê het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/singapore-race-close-to-being-perfect-leclerc.5W3JUNveMgWKA4eY28YccI|title=Singapore race 'close to being perfect' – Leclerc|date=17 September 2018|website=Formula 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805163628/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/singapore-race-close-to-being-perfect-leclerc.5W3JUNveMgWKA4eY28YccI|archive-date=5 August 2024|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref> Hierdie lopie het drie onttrekkings ingesluit: 'n los wiel in [[2018 Britse Grand Prix|Brittanje]], skade aan sy [[Veringstelsel|vering]] na 'n botsing met [[Sergio Pérez]] in [[2018 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]], en 'n botsing met verskeie motors in [[2018 Belgiese Grand Prix|België]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2018/07/09/supreme-silverstone-adjusted-2018-british-grand-prix-driver/|url-access=registration|title=Who was supreme at Silverstone? Adjusted 2018 British Grand Prix driver ratings|last=Slater|first=Luke|date=9 July 2018|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=27 January 2025|issn=0307-1235|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530163146/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2018/07/09/supreme-silverstone-adjusted-2018-british-grand-prix-driver/|archive-date=30 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/2018-hungarian-grand-prix-report/|url-access=registration|title=2018 Hungarian Grand Prix report|last=Hughes|first=Mark|date=30 July 2018|magazine=Motor Sport|access-date=27 January 2025|issn=0027-2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240904173251/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/2018-hungarian-grand-prix-report/|archive-date=4 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/45314905|title=Sebastian Vettel wins in Belgium after dramatic crash|last=Benson|first=Andrew|date=26 August 2018|work=BBC Sport|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=27 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720145204/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/45314905|archive-date=20 July 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het die halo-toestel geprys vir die voorkoming van ernstige beserings tydens die ongeluk, en gesê dat hy "baie bly was om dit oor [sy] kop te hê".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/aug/27/charles-leclerc-thanks-halo-belgian-grand-prix-crash-fernando-alonso|title=Charles Leclerc pays tribute to halo after walking away from Belgian GP crash|last=Richards|first=Giles|date=27 August 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=27 January 2025|issn=1756-3224|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726031424/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/aug/27/charles-leclerc-thanks-halo-belgian-grand-prix-crash-fernando-alonso|archive-date=26 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
Verdere punte-insamelings het gekom met onderskeidelik negende en sewende plekke by die [[2018 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoerse]] en [[2018 Russiese Grand Prix|Russiese Grands Prix]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/russia-debutant-leclerc-reflects-on-%27amazing-race%27-to-p7.zgQHcn4a5iuQqIISuqOAi|title=Russia debutant Leclerc reflects on 'amazing race' to P7|date=30 September 2018|website=Formula 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617143931/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/russia-debutant-leclerc-reflects-on-'amazing-race'-to-p7.zgQHcn4a5iuQqIISuqOAi|archive-date=17 June 2024|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref> voor 'n onttrekking weens 'n meganiese fout in [[2018 Japannese Grand Prix|Japan]] en skade weens 'n botsing met [[Romain Grosjean]] in die [[2018 Verenigde State Grand Prix|Verenigde State]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-left-unimpressed-with-%27stupid%27-magnussen.2ll93icC4IQmsQ4M6QcucI|title=Leclerc left unimpressed with 'stupid' Magnussen|date=7 October 2018|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240625055600/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-left-unimpressed-with-'stupid'-magnussen.2ll93icC4IQmsQ4M6QcucI|archive-date=25 June 2024|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/kevin-magnussen-excluded-from-f1-united-states-grand-prix-5290347/5290347/|title=Kevin Magnussen excluded from F1 United States Grand Prix|last=Khorounzhiy|first=Valentin|date=21 October 2018|website=[[Autosport]]|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916155708/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/kevin-magnussen-excluded-from-f1-united-states-grand-prix-5290347/5290347/|archive-date=16 September 2024|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref> Leclerc het sy nooiensseisoen afgesluit met drie agtereenvolgende sewende plekke in [[2018 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|Meksiko]], [[2018 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|Brasilië]] en [[2018 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/f1-2018-mexican-grand-prix-report.43bcuMZV3i8yk2a8kQw06w|title=Verstappen wins in Mexico as Hamilton clinches fifth world title|date=28 October 2018|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806151026/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/f1-2018-mexican-grand-prix-report.43bcuMZV3i8yk2a8kQw06w|archive-date=6 August 2024|access-date=27 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/nov/11/lewis-hamilton-brazilian-grand-prix-max-verstappen|title=Verstappen shoves 'idiot' Ocon in clash following Hamilton's Brazil win|last=Richards|first=Giles|date=11 November 2018|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=27 January 2025|issn=1756-3224|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402121008/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/nov/11/lewis-hamilton-brazilian-grand-prix-max-verstappen|archive-date=2 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/2018-abu-dhabi-grand-prix-report|url-access=registration|title=2018 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix report|last=Hughes|first=Mark|date=26 November 2018|magazine=Motor Sport|access-date=27 January 2025|issn=0027-2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809234147/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/2018-abu-dhabi-grand-prix-report|archive-date=9 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het dertiende in die Wêreldbestuurderskampioenskap geëindig, met 39 punte teenoor sy spanmaat Ericsson se nege,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.redbull.com/au-en/f1-season-review-and-report-2018|title=The F1 2018 report|last=Clayton|first=Matthew|date=2 December 2018|website=[[Red Bull]]|publisher=[[Red Bull GmbH]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127134127/https://www.redbull.com/au-en/f1-season-review-and-report-2018|archive-date=27 January 2025|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/ericsson-left-f1-strongest-season/4314568/|title=Ericsson feels he left F1 after "strongest" season|last=Mitchell|first=Scott|last2=Straw|first2=Edd|date=18 December 2018|website=Motorsport.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108191937/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/ericsson-left-f1-strongest-season/4314568/|archive-date=8 November 2020|access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref> en is weer aangewys as FIA se "Nuweling van die Jaar".<ref name="FIA182">{{Cite magazine|url=https://racer.com/2018/12/08/hamilton-mercedes-leclerc-scoop-awards-at-fia-prize-giving-gala/|title=Hamilton, Mercedes, Leclerc scoop awards at FIA prize-giving gala|date=8 December 2018|magazine=Racer|access-date=13 February 2025|issn=1066-6060|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210040541/https://racer.com/2018/12/08/hamilton-mercedes-leclerc-scoop-awards-at-fia-prize-giving-gala/|archive-date=10 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Ferrari (2019–hede) ===
{{Multibeeld|width=200|direction=vertical|image1=2019 Chinese Grand Prix Leclerc (47583134682) (cropped).jpg|image2=2022 British Grand Prix (52382359751) (cropped).jpg|image3=2024 Spanish Grand Prix (53811183158) (cropped).jpg|footer=Leclerc se renmotors wat Grands Prix gewen het, van bo-na-onder: SF90 (2019), F1-75 (2022), en die SF-24 in 2024}}
==== 2019: Nooiens-oorwinnings en ''il Predestinato'' ====
[[Lêer:2019_Formula_One_Test_Days_-_Charles_Leclerc's_Ferrari_SF90.jpg|alt=Leclerc driving the Ferrari SF90 at 2019 Formula One pre-season testing|duimnael|Leclerc het in 2019 na [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] verskuif, sy tweede seisoen in Formule Een.]]
Leclerc het in 2019 by [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] geteken en sitplekke met [[Kimi Räikkönen]] geruil om saam met die viermalige Wêreldbestuurderskampioen [[Sebastian Vettel]] te jaag.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/sep/11/kimi-raikkonen-to-leave-ferrari-f1-team-at-end-of-season|title=Charles Leclerc to replace Kimi Raikkonen as Ferrari ring changes|last=Richards|first=Giles|date=11 September 2018|work=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian Media Group|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=1756-3224|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029130338/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/sep/11/kimi-raikkonen-to-leave-ferrari-f1-team-at-end-of-season|archive-date=29 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Die destydse spanhoof, Maurizio Arrivabene, het verklaar dat sy kontrak tot 2022 sou duur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-ferrari-contract-until-2022/3176733/|title=Ferrari signed Leclerc until at least 2022|last=Cooper|first=Adam|date=14 September 2018|website=Motorsport.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914204908/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-ferrari-contract-until-2022/3176733/|archive-date=14 September 2018|access-date=14 September 2018}}</ref> Leclerc het die 2018 na-seisoen-toets met Ferrari by die [[Yas Marina-renbaan]] uitgevoer en die vinnigste tyd in die SF71H opgestel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-fastest-ferrari-abu-dhabi-test/4305506/|title=Leclerc leads second morning of Abu Dhabi test|last=Mitchell|first=Scott|date=28 November 2018|website=Motorsport.com|publisher=Motorsport Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128164540/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-fastest-ferrari-abu-dhabi-test/4305506/|archive-date=28 November 2018|access-date=28 November 2018}}</ref> Hy het vir die span by die [[2019 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese Grand Prix]] gedebuteer, gekwalifiseer en vyfde geëindig.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/2019-australian-grand-prix-report/|url-access=registration|title=2019 Australian Grand Prix report|last=Hughes|first=Mark|date=18 March 2019|magazine=Motor Sport|access-date=25 February 2025|issn=0027-2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926134213/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/2019-australian-grand-prix-report/|archive-date=26 September 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[2019 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahrein]] het Leclerc sy eerste voorwegspringplek ingeneem om die tweede jongste jaer in Formule Een-geskiedenis te word.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/47760616|title=Bahrain Grand Prix: Ferrari's Charles Leclerc takes maiden pole position|last=Benson|first=Andrew|date=30 March 2019|work=BBC Sport|access-date=28 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410095819/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/47760616|archive-date=10 April 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het die grootste deel van die wedren gelei voordat hy 'n enjinprobleem, met 10 rondtes om te gaan, opgedoen het. Hy is verbygesteek deur beide [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedesrenjaers]] en het derde geëindig om sy eerste podiumplek te verseker.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.repubblica.it/sport/formulauno/2019/03/31/news/formula_1_gp_barhain_hamilton_leclerc_bottas-22|title=Formula 1, Bahrain GP; Hamilton wins but admits: "the Ferrari of Leclerc deserved it"|last=Retico|first=Alessandra|date=31 March 2019|work=la Repubblica|publisher=GEDI Gruppo Editoriale|language=it|issn=0390-1076|access-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331184120/https://www.repubblica.it/sport/formulauno/2019/03/31/news/formula_1_gp_barhain_hamilton_leclerc_bottas-222973148/|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het vyfde in [[2019 Chinese Grand Prix|China]], [[2019 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Azerbeidjan]] en [[2019 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]] geëindig - agter Vettel, nadat hy beveel is om hom verby te laat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11688577/ferrari-expand-on-charles-leclerc-sebastian-vettel-orders-in-china|title=Ferrari expand on Charles Leclerc, Sebastian Vettel orders in China|last=Galloway|first=James|date=15 April 2019|website=Sky Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510082023/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11688577/ferrari-expand-on-charles-leclerc-sebastian-vettel-orders-in-china|archive-date=10 May 2019|access-date=9 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/f1/story/_/id/26627312/ferrari-explains-charles-leclerc-azerbaijan-grand-prix-strategy|title=Ferrari explains Charles Leclerc's Azerbaijan Grand Prix strategy|last=Saunders|first=Nate|date=28 April 2019|website=[[ESPN]]|publisher=ESPN Inc.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505063215/http://www.espn.com/f1/story/_/id/26627312/ferrari-explains-charles-leclerc-azerbaijan-grand-prix-strategy|archive-date=5 May 2019|access-date=9 May 2019}}</ref> By die [[2019 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] het hy sestiende gekwalifiseer na 'n spanstrategiefout; hy het 'n pap band opgedoen wat sy ren beëindig het na 'n poging om [[Nico Hülkenberg]] verby te steek. Leclerc het gekwalifiseer en derde geëindig by beide die [[2019 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanadese]] en [[2019 Franse Grand Prix|Franse]] Grands Prix.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/jun/09/lewis-hamilton-canadian-grand-prix-vettel-penalty|title=Lewis Hamilton handed Canadian GP win after Vettel's penalty pain|last=Richards|first=Giles|date=9 June 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=1756-3224|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203061418/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/jun/09/lewis-hamilton-canadian-grand-prix-vettel-penalty|archive-date=3 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/french-grand-prix-live-stream-latest-updates-f1-what-time-tv-channel-how-to-watch-hamilton-vettel-bottas-leclerc-a8970886.html|title=French Grand Prix 2019: Lewis Hamilton powers to victory to stretch F1 championship lead over Valtteri Bottas|last=de Menezes|first=Jack|date=23 June 2019|work=[[The Independent]]|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=1741-9743|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707145709/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/french-grand-prix-live-stream-latest-updates-f1-what-time-tv-channel-how-to-watch-hamilton-vettel-bottas-leclerc-a8970886.html|archive-date=7 July 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
Hy het in die voorste plek weggespring by die [[2019 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenrykse Grand Prix]] en tweede geëindig na [[Max Verstappen]] na sy verbysteek op die derde laaste rondte, waartydens hulle kontak gemaak het - die ondersoek deur die beamptes het dit as 'n renvoorval afgemaak.<ref name="AUT19">{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/austria-f1-2019-retrospective-the-defeat-that-sharpened-leclercs-teeth-4981664/4981664/|title=Austria F1 2019 retrospective: The defeat that sharpened Leclerc's teeth|last=Smith|first=Luke|date=27 June 2020|website=[[Autosport]]|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112145505/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/austria-f1-2019-retrospective-the-defeat-that-sharpened-leclercs-teeth-4981664/4981664/|archive-date=12 November 2024|access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref> Die twee scawas dwarsdeur die [[2019 Britse Grand Prix|Britse Grand Prix]] in 'n noue stryd gewikkel, met Leclerc wat voor in die derde plek geëindig het om sy vierde agtereenvolgende podiumplek te verseker.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/48981658|title=Lewis Hamilton wins record sixth British Grand Prix after Sebastian Vettel crash|last=Benson|first=Andrew|date=14 July 2019|work=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=28 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812065203/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formul|archive-date=12 Augustus 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het in die tiende plek in [[2019 Duitse Grand Prix|Duitsland]] gekwalifiseer te midde van 'n brandstofstelselprobleem. Hy het tot vierde in die reën-geteisterde wedren geklim voordat hy te vroeg vir droë bande by die kuipe ingeroep is, wat veroorsaak het dat sy motor traksie verloor en teen die versperrings gebots het.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/2019-german-grand-prix-race-report-verstappen-stars-after-mercedes-meltdown/|url-access=registration|title=2019 German Grand Prix race report – Verstappen stars after Mercedes meltdown|last=Hughes|first=Mark|date=29 July 2019|magazine=Motor Sport|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=0027-2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518220347/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/2019-german-grand-prix-race-report-verstappen-stars-after-mercedes-meltdown/|archive-date=18 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het daarna vierde in [[2019 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] geëindig.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/08/04/hungarian-grand-prix-2019-f1-live-updates-budapest-results-lewis/|title=Lewis Hamilton chases down Max Verstappen for Hungarian GP victory to take commanding lead into break|url-access=registration|last1=Brown|first1=Oliver|last2=Slater|first2=Luke|date=4 August 2019|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=0307-1235|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528145858/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/08/04/hungarian-grand-prix-2019-f1-live-updates-budapest-results-lewis/|archive-date=28 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Lêer:Leclerc_Hamilton_2019_Italian_Grand_Prix.jpg|links|duimnael|Leclerc het die [[2019 Italiaanse Grand Prix]] gewen te midde van 'n stryd met [[Lewis Hamilton]], wat hom in die Italiaanse media die bynaam ''il Predestinato'' besorg het.]]
Leclerc het die voorste wegspringplek vir die [[2019 Belgiese Grand Prix|Belgiese Grand Prix]] bemeester en [[Lewis Hamilton]] agter hom gehou om die derde jongste Formule Een Grand Prix-wenner - op 21-jarige ouderdom - sowel as die eerste [[Monaco|Monegask]] te word om dit te vermag.<ref name="BEL192">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/09/01/belgian-grand-prix-2019-f1-live-updates-spa-francorchamps-results/|url-access=registration|title=Belgian Grand Prix winner Charles Leclerc dedicates maiden victory to Anthoine Hubert|last1=Duncan|first1=Phil|last2=Slater|first2=Luke|date=1 September 2019|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=0307-1235|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211080512/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/09/01/belgian-grand-prix-2019-f1-live-updates-spa-francorchamps-results/|archive-date=11 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/2019-formula-1-belgian-grand-prix-race-results/|url-access=registration|title=2019 Formula 1 Belgian Grand Prix – race results|date=1 September 2019|magazine=Motor Sport|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=0027-2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928051721/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/2019-formula-1-belgian-grand-prix-race-results/|archive-date=28 September 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het sy oorwinning opgedra aan Anthoine Hubert, wat die vorige dag in 'n Formule 2-ren gesterf het.<ref name="BEL19">{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/09/01/belgian-grand-prix-2019-f1-live-updates-spa-francorchamps-results/ |url-access=registration |title=Belgian Grand Prix winner Charles Leclerc dedicates maiden victory to Anthoine Hubert |last1=Duncan |first1=Phil |last2=Slater |first2=Luke |date=1 September 2019 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=28 January 2025 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211080512/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/09/01/belgian-grand-prix-2019-f1-live-updates-spa-francorchamps-results/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het toe die [[2019 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italiaanse Grand Prix]] vanaf die voorste wegspringplek gewen en sy voorsprong teen beide Mercedes-jaers verdedig om die eerste Ferrari-wenner by [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|Monza]] sedert [[Fernando Alonso]] in [[2010 Italiaanse Grand Prix|2010]] te word;<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/sep/08/ferrari-charles-leclerc-italian-f1-gp-monza-win|title=Ferrari's Charles Leclerc delights Italian F1 GP crowd with Monza win|last=Richards|first=Giles|date=8 September 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=1756-3224|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614024933/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/sep/08/ferrari-charles-leclerc-italian-f1-gp-monza-win|archive-date=14 June 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> sy oorwinnings het hom die bynaam ''il Predestinato'' in Italiaanse media besorg.{{Voetnota|Volgens verskeie bronne: <ref name="ilP1">{{Cite news |url=https://autosprint.corrieredellosport.it/news/sterzi-a-parte/2019/09/30-2400576/ora_basta_definire_charlesil_predestinato |title=Ora basta definire Charles il "Predestinato" |trans-title=Now just call Charles the "Predestined" |last=Donnini |first=Mario |date=30 September 2019 |work=Autosprint |language=it |issn=2531-3843 |access-date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220102152017/https://autosprint.corrieredellosport.it/news/sterzi-a-parte/2019/09/30-2400576/ora_basta_definire_charlesil_predestinato |archive-date=2 January 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ilP2">{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.gqitalia.it/sport/article/leclerc-ferrari-vince-gran-premio-monza-2019 |title=Leclerc con la Ferrari vince il Gran Premio di Monza 2019 |trans-title=Leclerc wins the 2019 Monza Grand Prix with Ferrari |last=Bonfanti |first=Francesco |date=8 September 2019 |magazine=GQ Italia |publisher=Condé Nast |language=it |access-date=28 January 2025 |issn=0016-6979 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129221235/https://www.gqitalia.it/sport/article/leclerc-ferrari-vince-gran-premio-monza-2019 |archive-date=29 November 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ilP3">{{Cite web |url=https://sport.sky.it/formula-1/2019/09/01/charles-leclerc-biografia |title=Formula 1, dalle origini al trionfo in Belgio: la storia di Charles Leclerc |trans-title=Formula 1, from the origins to triumph in Belgium: the story of Charles Leclerc |last=Principi |first=Federico |date=1 September 2019 |website=Sky Sport |language=it |access-date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713170823/https://sport.sky.it/formula-1/2019/09/01/charles-leclerc-biografia |archive-date=13 July 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ilP4">{{Cite news |url=https://www.ilpiccolo.it/sport/marea-rossa-a-monza-la-ferrari-di-leclerc-si-fa-strada-fino-al-trionfo-mzk3j5ki |title=Marea rossa a Monza la Ferrari di Leclerc si fa strada fino al trionfo |trans-title=Red tide in Monza as the Ferrari of Leclerc makes its way to triumph |date=9 September 2019 |work=Il Piccolo |publisher=GEDI Gruppo Editoriale |language=it |issn=1723-2635 |access-date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128073014/https://www.ilpiccolo.it/sport/marea-rossa-a-monza-la-ferrari-di-leclerc-si-fa-strada-fino-al-trionfo-mzk3j5ki |archive-date=28 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ilP5">{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.cosmopolitan.com/it/star/a28960284/charles-leclerc-monza-biografia-news/ |title=Ma come abbiamo fatto a non accorgerci di Charles Leclerc? Ci voleva il podio Ferrari a Monza |trans-title=But how did we not notice Charles Leclerc? It took the Ferrari podium in Monza |last=Gallo |first=Giovanna |date=9 September 2019 |magazine=Cosmopolitan |publisher=Hearst Communications |language=it |issn=1121-547X |access-date=27 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024023757/https://www.cosmopolitan.com/it/star/a28960284/charles-leclerc-monza-biografia-news/ |archive-date=24 October 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>}} Hy het weer die voorste wegspringplek in [[2019 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoer]] geneem en tweede geëindig nadat hy deur spanmaat Vettel uitgesny is, wat hom tot derde in die kampioenskap bevorder het.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/sep/22/sebastian-vettel-singapore-grand-prix-ferrari|title=Sebastian Vettel wins F1 Singapore Grand Prix in Ferrari one–two|last=Richards|first=Giles|date=22 September 2019|publisher=Guardian Media Group|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=1756-3224|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613100835/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/sep/22/sebastian-vettel-singapore-grand-prix-ferrari|archive-date=13 June 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het die strategie as "onregverdig" beskryf, waarop spanhoof Mattia Binotto geantwoord het dat Vettel toegelaat is om eerste by die kuipe in te trek om sy posisie te verdedig.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11817238/ferrari-explain-sebastian-vettel-charles-leclerc-calls-in-singapore|title=Ferrari explain Sebastian Vettel, Charles Leclerc calls in Singapore|last=Galloway|first=James|last2=Morlidge|first2=Matt|date=23 September 2019|website=Sky Sports|publisher=Sky Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203165721/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11817238/ferrari-explain-sebastian-vettel-charles-leclerc-calls-in-singapore|archive-date=3 February 2024|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> In [[2019 Russiese Grand Prix|Rusland]] het hy sy vierde agtereenvolgende voorste wegspringplek behaal en derde geëindig, nadat 'n virtuele veiligheidsmotor albei Mercedes-bestuurders gehelp het om Leclerc met verkorte kuipestoppe verby te steek.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/09/29/russian-grand-prix-2019-f1-live-updates-sochi-results-lewis/|url-access=registration|title=Lewis Hamilton leads Mercedes 1–2 in Russian GP as Sebastian Vettel defies Ferrari team orders|last1=Duncan|first1=Phil|last2=Slater|first2=Luke|date=29 September 2019|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=0307-1235|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121090100/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/09/29/russian-grand-prix-2019-f1-live-updates-sochi-results-lewis/|archive-date=21 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.deliciously-ironic-that-vettel-failure-inspired-hamilton-victory-mercedes.5YoCZ0E8KAt6Hq58XWfn2M.html|title='Deliciously ironic' that Vettel failure inspired Hamilton victory – Mercedes|date=29 September 2019|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930084828/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.deliciously-ironic-that-vettel-failure-inspired-hamilton-victory-mercedes.5YoCZ0E8KAt6Hq58XWfn2M.html|archive-date=30 September 2019|access-date=30 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het tweede gekwalifiseer by die [[2019 Japannese Grand Prix|Japannese Grand Prix]],<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/form-vettel-takes-pole-position-2019-f1-japanese-grand-prix-qualifying/|url-access=registration|title=In-form Vettel takes pole position: 2019 F1 Japanese Grand Prix qualifying|last=Dodgins|first=Tony|date=13 October 2019|magazine=Motor Sport|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=0027-2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528144135/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/form-vettel-takes-pole-position-2019-f1-japanese-grand-prix-qualifying/|archive-date=28 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> maar het skade opgedoen in 'n botsing met Verstappen in die eerste rondte<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/27833451/verstappen-slams-stewards-irresponsible-leclerc|title=Verstappen slams stewards and 'irresponsible' Leclerc|date=13 October 2019|website=[[ESPN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816082251/https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/27833451/verstappen-slams-stewards-irresponsible-leclerc|archive-date=16 August 2024|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> en het sesde geëindig.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11843333/renaults-daniel-ricciardo-and-nico-hulkenberg-stripped-of-japan-grand-prix-points|title=Renault's Daniel Ricciardo and Nico Hulkenberg disqualified from Japanese GP for use of 'driver aid'|date=24 October 2019|website=Sky Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225114935/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11843333/renaults-daniel-ricciardo-and-nico-hulkenberg-stripped-of-japan-grand-prix-points|archive-date=25 December 2022|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> Leclerc het vierde geëindig by die [[2019 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|Meksikaanse]] en [[2019 Verenigde State Grand Prix|Verenigde State]] Grands Prix,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/oct/27/lewis-hamilton-wins-mexico-grand-prix-wait-for-title|title=Lewis Hamilton claims Mexico Grand Prix but has to wait for title|last=Richards|first=Giles|date=27 October 2019|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=1756-3224|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221095134/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/oct/27/lewis-hamilton-wins-mexico-grand-prix-wait-for-title|archive-date=21 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/50283946|title=Lewis Hamilton wins sixth F1 World Championship at United States Grand Prix|last=Benson|first=Andrew|date=3 November 2019|work=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=28 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720143737/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/50283946|archive-date=20 July 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> na hy die voorste wegspringplek by eersgenoemde geërf het weens 'n roosterstraf vir Verstappen.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/10/26/f1-mexican-grand-prix-2019-qualifying-live-updates-mexico-city/|url-access=registration|title=Max Verstappen stripped of pole as Valtteri Bottas is rushed to medical centre after final-corner crash|last1=Brown|first1=Oliver|last2=Slater|first2=Luke|date=26 October 2019|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=0307-1235|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123125125/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/10/26/f1-mexican-grand-prix-2019-qualifying-live-updates-mexico-city/|archive-date=23 November 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> 'n Botsing met Vettel het veroorsaak dat beide jaers uit die [[2019 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|Brasiliaanse Grand Prix]] moes onttrek, met Leclerc wat onder Verstappen op die punteleer geval het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/the-winners-and-losers-of-the-brazilian-grand-prix-2019.7rmlodlLkIFGfkFFmzVtZ2|title=The Winners and Losers of the Brazilian Grand Prix|last=Barretto|first=Lawrence|date=18 November 2019|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623212447/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/the-winners-and-losers-of-the-brazilian-grand-prix-2019.7rmlodlLkIFGfkFFmzVtZ2|archive-date=23 June 2024|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> Beide is deur Binotto berispe, wat gesê het hulle "moet jammer wees vir die span".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/ferrari-drivers-set-for-talks-this-week-after-brazilian-gp-collision.3MgnAz1VNI7gy86BGjirD4|title=Ferrari drivers set for talks this week after Brazilian GP collision|date=19 November 2019|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112142220/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/ferrari-drivers-set-for-talks-this-week-after-brazilian-gp-collision.3MgnAz1VNI7gy86BGjirD4|archive-date=12 January 2025|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> Leclerc het die seisoen-eindiger [[2019 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix]] in die derde plek afgesluit en was vierde in die Wêreldbestuurderskampioenskap met 264 [[Lys van Formule Een wêreldkampioenskap punteleer metodes|punte]], 24 voor spanmaat Vettel in die vyfde plek.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/hamilton-crowns-f1-title-crushing-win-2019-abu-dhabi-grand-prix-report|url-access=registration|title=Hamilton crowns F1 title with crushing win: 2019 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix report|last=Hughes|first=Mark|date=1 December 2019|magazine=Motor Sport|access-date=28 January 2025|issn=0027-2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925030400/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/hamilton-crowns-f1-title-crushing-win-2019-abu-dhabi-grand-prix-report|archive-date=25 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AS20192">{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-first-ferrari-f1-season-better-than-i-expected-4984831/4984831/|title=Charles Leclerc: First Ferrari F1 season better than I expected|last=Mitchell|first=Scott|date=17 December 2019|website=Autosport|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623035914/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-first-ferrari-f1-season-better-than-i-expected-4984831/4984831/|archive-date=23 June 2024|access-date=23 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Benewens die wen van die FIA Pole-trofee met sewe voorposisies, het Leclerc twee oorwinnings uit 10 podiumplekke behaal,<ref name="AS2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-first-ferrari-f1-season-better-than-i-expected-4984831/4984831/|title=Charles Leclerc: First Ferrari F1 season better than I expected|last=Mitchell|first=Scott|date=17 December 2019|website=Autosport|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623035914/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-first-ferrari-f1-season-better-than-i-expected-4984831/4984831/|archive-date=23 June 2024|access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref> is hy met die Lorenzo Bandini-trofee bekroon,<ref name="LBT">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/formula1/articles/ferrari-feted-at-the-trofeo-bandini|title=Ferrari feted at the Trofeo Bandini|date=13 July 2021|website=[[Scuderia Ferrari]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108153124/https://www.ferrari.com/en-EN/formula1/articles/ferrari-feted-at-the-trofeo-bandini|archive-date=8 November 2024|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> en kon hy sy Ferrari-kontrak tot die einde van 2024 verleng.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-ferrari-contract-2024-vettel/4616117/|title=Leclerc extends Ferrari F1 contract until 2024|last=Elizalde|first=Pablo|date=23 December 2019|website=Motorsport.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127094151/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-ferrari-contract-2024-vettel/4616117/|archive-date=27 November 2024|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref>
==== 2020–2021: Seisoene sonder oorwinnings vir Ferrari ====
[[Lêer:2020_F1_Pre-Season_Testing_Catalonia_(49629830792).jpg|duimnael|Van bo af, Leclerc het in die kuipebaan geparkeer, met werktuigkundiges wat bandkomberse op sy Ferrari SF1000 sit tydens die 2020 Formule Een voorseisoentoetsing]]
Die [[2020 Formule Een-seisoen]] is vertraag en verkort weens die wêreldwye [[Covid-19-pandemie]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/07/sports/autoracing/formula-1-season-coronavirus.html |url-access=registration |title=A Formula 1 Season Like No Other |last=Parkes |first=Ian |date=7 August 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=29 January 2025 |issn=1553-8095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418011445/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/07/sports/autoracing/formula-1-season-coronavirus.html |archive-date=18 April 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ferrari het met prestasie gesukkel met die SF1000,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/2020-wont-get-any-easier-for-ferrari/|title=2020 won't get any easier for Ferrari|last=Parkes|first=Ian|date=7 July 2020|website=Goodwood Road & Racing|publisher=Goodwood House|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530160413/https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/2020-wont-get-any-easier-for-ferrari/|archive-date=30 May 2024|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/how-ferraris-2020-design-has-caused-a-perfect-storm/|title=How Ferrari's 2020 design has caused a perfect storm|last=Hughes|first=Mark|date=10 July 2020|website=The Race|publisher=The Race Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407104035/https://the-race.com/formula-1/how-ferraris-2020-design-has-caused-a-perfect-storm/|archive-date=7 April 2023|access-date=29 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12061716/ferrari-struggles-before-italian-gp-whats-gone-wrong-and-what-now|title=Ferrari struggles before Italian GP: What's gone wrong, and what now?|last=Morlidge|first=Matt|date=3 September 2020|website=Sky Sports|publisher=Sky Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524172727/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12061716/ferrari-struggles-before-italian-gp-whats-gone-wrong-and-what-now|archive-date=24 May 2024|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> met Leclerc wat sewende gekwalifiseer het vir die seisoen-openende [[2020 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenrykse Grand Prix]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/qualifying-report-scintillating-bottas-takes-masterful-pole-as-ferrari.9DCxyNAuIA3gywPVRvyc3|title=Qualifying Report: Bottas beats Hamilton to pole as Ferrari struggle in Austria|date=4 July 2020|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907120111/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/qualifying-report-scintillating-bottas-takes-masterful-pole-as-ferrari.9DCxyNAuIA3gywPVRvyc3|archive-date=7 September 2024|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> Hy het herstel na die derde plek in die wedren deur verskeie kere se verbysteek na die laaste veiligheidsmotor, en is bevorder na tweede na 'n straf vir Lewis Hamilton.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/jul/05/valtteri-bottas-wins-f1-austrian-grand-prix-after-hamilton-suffers-penalty |title=Valtteri Bottas wins F1 Austrian Grand Prix after Hamilton suffers penalty |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=5 July 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=28 January 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324022327/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/jul/05/valtteri-bottas-wins-f1-austrian-grand-prix-after-hamilton-suffers-penalty |archive-date=24 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/bottas-beats-leclerc-and-norris-to-win-dramatic-austrian-gp-as-hamilton-is.4hTWtVVkWLxgPKSqkmKfYF |title=Bottas beats Leclerc and Norris to win dramatic Austrian GP as Hamilton is penalised |date=5 July 2020 |website=Formula 1 |publisher=Formula One Group |access-date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911175256/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/bottas-beats-leclerc-and-norris-to-win-dramatic-austrian-gp-as-hamilton-is.4hTWtVVkWLxgPKSqkmKfYF |archive-date=11 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> In die aanloop tot die Stiermarkse Grand Prix is Leclerc deur die FIA ondersoek vir die beweerde oortreding van [[Koronavirussiekte-2019|COVID-19]]-veiligheidsprotokolle terwyl hy met die toestemming van Ferrari na Monte Carlo teruggekeer het huis toe;<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/jul/09/bottas-and-leclerc-investigated-f1-covid-19-rules |title=Bottas and Leclerc to be investigated for breaking F1's Covid-19 rules |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=9 July 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=28 January 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129034852/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/jul/09/bottas-and-leclerc-investigated-f1-covid-19-rules |archive-date=29 November 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> beide Leclerc en Ferrari het 'n waarskuwing vir die voorval ontvang.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/53364475 |title=Formula 1: Charles Leclerc warned for breaking coronavirus rules |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=10 July 2020 |work=BBC Sport |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119195648/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/53364475 |archive-date=19 January 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/ferrari-mercedes-set-to-be-warned-on-f1-coronavirus-protocols-4981312/4981312/ |title=Ferrari, Mercedes set to be warned on F1 coronavirus protocols |last1=Noble |first1=Jonathan |last2=Vinel |first2=Benjamin |date=9 July 2020 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=Motorsport Network |access-date=28 January 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615054141/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/ferrari-mercedes-set-to-be-warned-on-f1-coronavirus-protocols-4981312/4981312/ |archive-date=15 June 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> In Stiermarke het Leclerc in die eerste rondte met sy spanmaat Sebastian Vettel gebots, wat veroorsaak het dat hulle albei moes onttrek.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/13/motorsport/ferrari-f1-styrian-gp-charles-leclerc-sebastian-vettel-spt-intl/index.html |title=Ferrari implodes as Charles Leclerc and Sebastian Vettel collide and retire from Styrian GP |last=Morse |first=Ben |date=13 July 2020 |work=[[CNN]] |publisher=WarnerMedia |access-date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203122741/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/13/motorsport/ferrari-f1-styrian-gp-charles-leclerc-sebastian-vettel-spt-intl/index.html |archive-date=3 December 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het volle verantwoordelikheid vir die botsing geneem.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/vettel-and-leclerc-say-styria-crash-behind-them-as-they-focus-on-assessing.5C6yndRm4WnbKu5V2ame1w |title=Vettel and Leclerc say Styria crash 'behind them' as they focus on assessing Ferrari upgrades in Hungary |date=16 July 2020 |website=Formula 1 |publisher=Formula One Group |access-date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102221904/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/vettel-and-leclerc-say-styria-crash-behind-them-as-they-focus-on-assessing.5C6yndRm4WnbKu5V2ame1w |archive-date=2 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Nadat hy elfde geëindig het by die [[2020 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongaarse Grand Prix]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2020/07/19/f1-hungarian-grand-prix-2020-live-hungaroring-race-results-hamilton/ |url-access=registration |title=Lewis Hamilton wins Hungarian Grand Prix with perfect drive to take F1 Championship lead |last1=Duncan |first1=Phil |last2=Curtis |first2=Ben |date=19 July 2020 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |publisher=Telegraph Media Group |access-date=28 January 2025 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524090122/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2020/07/19/f1-hungarian-grand-prix-2020-live-hungaroring-race-results-hamilton/ |archive-date=24 May 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> het Leclerc nog 'n podiumplek by die Britse Grand Prix verseker na 'n laat pap band vir Valtteri Bottas.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/aug/02/lewis-hamilton-hangs-on-to-win-british-grand-prix-after-puncture-drama |title=Lewis Hamilton hangs on to win British Grand Prix after puncture drama |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=2 August 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=28 January 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215131830/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/aug/02/lewis-hamilton-hangs-on-to-win-british-grand-prix-after-puncture-drama |archive-date=15 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/53629967 |title=Lewis Hamilton wins British Grand Prix after puncture on last lap |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=2 August 2020 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124080821/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/53629967 |archive-date=24 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Voor die 70ste Herdenkingsgrand Prix het Leclerc bewerings van rassisme in die gesig gestaar omdat hy verkies het om nie tydens die seremonies voor die wedren op sy knieë te gaan nie;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12044246/charles-leclerc-angered-by-accusations-of-racism-on-social-media |title=Charles Leclerc angered by accusations of racism on social media |last=Galloway |first=James |date=7 August 2020 |website=Sky Sports |publisher=Sky Group |access-date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727030120/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12044246/charles-leclerc-angered-by-accusations-of-racism-on-social-media |archive-date=27 July 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> hy het gereageer deur te sê dat rassisme "walglik" is en mediahuise daarvan beskuldig dat hulle sy woorde opsetlik verdraai het, en bygevoeg dat hy gewelddadige protes wou vermy.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/f1-charles-leclerc-racist-take-a-knee-70th-anniversary-grand-prix-twitter-black-lives-matter-a9659536.html |title=Charles Leclerc rages at critics who have labelled F1 driver 'racist' for not taking a knee before races |last=de Menezes |first=Jack |date=7 August 2020 |work=The Independent |access-date=28 January 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706102543/http://www.independent.co.uk/f1/f1-charles-leclerc-racist-take-a-knee-70th-anniversary-grand-prix-twitter-black-lives-matter-a9659536.html |archive-date=6 July 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-kneeling-racism-accusations/4850674/ |title=Leclerc hits out at racism accusations over not taking a knee |last=Noble |first=Jonathan |date=6 August 2020 |website=Motorsport.com|access-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806165025/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-kneeling-racism-accusations/4850674/ |archive-date=6 August 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het 'n eenstop-bandstrategie in die wedren suksesvol voltooi en vierde geëindig nadat hy agtste gekwalifiseer het, en gesê dat dit "soos 'n oorwinning gevoel het".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/delighted-leclerc-says-fourth-place-feels-like-victory-after-strategy-gamble.4H2YVpxUjiKdpDyDB8pSdX |title=Delighted Leclerc says fourth place 'feels like victory' after strategy gamble pays off |date=9 August 2020 |website=Formula 1 |publisher=Formula One Group |access-date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724011311/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/delighted-leclerc-says-fourth-place-feels-like-victory-after-strategy-gamble.4H2YVpxUjiKdpDyDB8pSdX |archive-date=24 July 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/p8-a-realistic-picture-of-ferrari-performance-says-leclerc-after-silverstone.30n8iD8QVFCO5PrfC2nBMP |title=P8 a 'realistic picture' of Ferrari performance says Leclerc after Silverstone qualifying |date=8 August 2020 |website=Formula 1 |publisher=Formula One Group |access-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918192127/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.p8-a-realistic-picture-of-ferrari-performance-says-leclerc-after-silverstone.30n8iD8QVFCO5PrfC2nBMP.html |archive-date=18 September 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Leclerc het betroubaarheidsprobleme ondervind tydens die [[2020 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spaanse]] en [[2020 Belgiese Grand Prix|Belgiese Grands Prix]], waar hy uit eersgenoemde onttrek het en veertiende geëindig het by laasgenoemde.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/ferrari-say-theyve-identified-ecu-issue-behind-leclercs-spain-dnf-as-they.7ole7Rhxem0ROi1uo39o2C |title=Ferrari say they've identified ECU issue behind Leclerc's Spain DNF, as they ready for 'tough' Belgian GP |date=25 August 2020 |website=Formula 1|access-date=28 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915164952/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/ferrari-say-theyve-identified-ecu-issue-behind-leclercs-spain-dnf-as-they.7ole7Rhxem0ROi1uo39o2C |archive-date=15 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/aug/30/lewis-hamilton-belgian-grand-prix-triumph-f1-formula-one |title=Lewis Hamilton closes on Schumacher's record after winning Belgian Grand Prix |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=30 August 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=28 January 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820044036/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2020/aug/30/lewis-hamilton-belgian-grand-prix-triumph-f1-formula-one |archive-date=20 August 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> By die [[2020 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italiaanse Grand Prix]] het hy dertiende gekwalifiseer voordat hy teen 'n bandversperring by die ''[[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|Curva Parabolica]]'' gebots het en 'n rooi vlag veroorsaak het terwyl hy vierde geëindig het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12064192/ferraris-f1-woes-deepen-outside-the-top-10-on-home-italian-gp-grid|title=Ferrari's F1 woes deepen outside the top 10 on home Italian GP grid|last=Galloway|first=James|date=5 September 2020|website=Sky Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022094700/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12064192/ferraris-f1-woes-deepen-outside-the-top-10-on-home-italian-gp-grid|archive-date=22 October 2020|access-date=6 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/huge-leclerc-crash-puts-italian-grand-prix-under-red-flag-4979353/4979353/|title=Huge Leclerc crash puts Italian Grand Prix under red flag|last=Smith|first=Luke|date=6 September 2020|website=[[Autosport]]|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123080046/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/huge-leclerc-crash-puts-italian-grand-prix-under-red-flag-4979353/4979353/|archive-date=23 January 2025|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/watch-italian-gp-red-flagged-as-leclerc-walks-away-from-huge-crash.6GqXitdCU6zq35K6x7vzyf|title=Watch: Italian GP red-flagged as Leclerc walks away from huge crash|date=6 September 2020|website=Formula 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214064522/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/watch-italian-gp-red-flagged-as-leclerc-walks-away-from-huge-crash.6GqXitdCU6zq35K6x7vzyf|archive-date=14 December 2024|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref>
==== 2022: Kortgeknipte titelstryd met Verstappen ====
[[Lêer:Ferrari_F1-75_in_Melbourne.jpg|regs|duimnael|In 2022 het Leclerc sy eerste Grand Slam-titel van sy loopbaan by die Australiese Grand Prix (foto) behaal en die kampioenskap tot en met sy onttrekking in [[2022 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]] gelei.]]
Met nuwe regulasies wat die grondeffek reguleer, het Ferrari in die [[2022 Formule Een-seisoen|eerste helfte van 2022]] 'n uitdaging aan [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]] gebied.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/red-bull-vs-ferrari-the-2022-f1-development-war-so-far/ |title=Red Bull vs Ferrari: The 2022 F1 development war so far |last=Giuliana |first=Rosario |date=24 August 2022 |website=The Race |publisher=The Race Media |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909021958/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/red-bull-vs-ferrari-the-2022-f1-development-war-so-far/ |archive-date=9 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/ferraris-2022-f1-advantage-has-been-hiding-in-plain-sight/ |url-access=registration |title=Ferrari's 2022 F1 advantage has been hiding in plain sight |last=Williams-Smith |first=Jake |date=6 April 2022 |magazine=Motor Sport |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0027-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416015009/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/ferraris-2022-f1-advantage-has-been-hiding-in-plain-sight/ |archive-date=16 April 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/ferrari-bringing-low-downforce-solution-to-miami-to-combat-red-bull-speed/10246782/ |title=Ferrari bringing low downforce solution to Miami GP to combat Red Bull speed |last=Noble |first=Jonathan |date=28 April 2022 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=Motorsport Network |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910082425/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/ferrari-bringing-low-downforce-solution-to-miami-to-combat-red-bull-speed/10246782/ |archive-date=10 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Leclerc het heelvoor gekwalifiseer vir die seisoen-opener die [[2022 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahreinse Grand Prix]], voordat hy die wedren gewen het te midde van 'n noue stryd met [[Max Verstappen]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/20/motorsport/bahrain-grand-prix-charles-leclerc-ferrari-spt-intl/index.html |title=Bahrain Grand Prix: Ferrari dominates as Charles Leclerc wins dramatic season opener |last=Church |first=Ben |date=20 March 2022 |work=[[CNN]]|access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930110216/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/20/motorsport/bahrain-grand-prix-charles-leclerc-ferrari-spt-intl/index.html |archive-date=30 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Die resultaat het hom die eerste Monegask-bestuurder gemaak om die Wêreldbestuurderskampioenskap te lei.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/bahrain-grand-prix-facts-and-stats-ferrari-end-45-race-win-drought-zhou.38i07mI1623W0mhoWsGZjx|title=Facts and Stats: Ferrari end 45-race win drought in Bahrain Grand Prix, as Zhou scores on debut|last=Kelly|first=Sean|date=20 March 2022|website=Formula 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321175938/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.bahrain-grand-prix-facts-and-stats-ferrari-end-45-race-win-drought-zhou.38i07mI1623W0mhoWsGZjx.html|archive-date=21 March 2022|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref> Nadat hy tweede na Verstappen geëindig het in nog 'n noue stryd in [[2022 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|Saoedi-Arabië]],
<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/verstappen-beats-leclerc-in-frantic-fight-to-the-flag-2022-saudi-arabian-gp-report/ |url-access=registration |title=Verstappen beats Leclerc in frantic fight to the flag: 2022 Saudi Arabian GP report |last=Medland |first=Chris |date=28 March 2022 |magazine=Motor Sport |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0027-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213141600/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/verstappen-beats-leclerc-in-frantic-fight-to-the-flag-2022-saudi-arabian-gp-report/ |archive-date=13 February 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> het Leclerc 'n oorheersende oorwinning vanaf voorste wegspringplek by die [[2022 Australiese Grand Prix]] behaal, sy eerste Grand Slam in Formule Een behaal en sy kampioenskapsvoorsprong tot 34 punte oor [[George Russell]] vergroot, 46 voor Verstappen in die sesde plek.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/10/charles-leclerc-wins-f1-australian-gp-after-max-verstappen-is-forced-to-retire |title=Charles Leclerc wins Australian F1 GP after Max Verstappen is forced to retire |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=10 April 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102073012/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/10/charles-leclerc-wins-f1-australian-gp-after-max-verstappen-is-forced-to-retire |archive-date=2 November 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.autoweek.com/racing/formula-1/a39682979/how-ferrari-charles-leclerc-opened-huge-f1-points-lead-with-austalian-grand-prix-win/ |title=How Ferrari, Charles Leclerc Opened Huge F1 Points Lead with Australian Grand Prix Win |last=Horton |first=Phillip |date=10 April 2022 |magazine=Autoweek |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0192-9674 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413064028/https://www.autoweek.com/racing/formula-1/a39682979/how-ferrari-charles-leclerc-opened-huge-f1-points-lead-with-austalian-grand-prix-win/ |archive-date=13 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-dominates-in-australia-as-verstappen-suffers-dnf.7Exhm5kuubqsywFoAe0QAK |title=Dominant Leclerc beats Pérez to Australian GP win as Verstappen retires |date=10 April 2022 |website=Formula 1 |access-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416230831/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.leclerc-dominates-in-australia-as-verstappen-suffers-dnf.7Exhm5kuubqsywFoAe0QAK.html |archive-date=16 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Na nog 'n stryd met Verstappen in die [[2022 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix-naelren]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/61202419 |title=Emilia Romagna Grand Prix: Max Verstappen passes Charles Leclerc to win sprint race |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=23 April 2022 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518224321/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/61202419 |archive-date=18 May 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> het Leclerc by die [[Enzo en Dino Ferrari-renbaan|''Variante Alta'']]-[[Chicane (verkeer)|chicane]] getol terwyl hy [[Sergio Pérez]] vir die tweede plek in die hoofren gejaag het,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-emilia-romagna-gp-verstappen-leads-red-bull-1-2-leclerc-spin-loses-podium/10179437/ |title=F1 Emilia Romagna GP: Verstappen leads Red Bull 1–2, Leclerc spin loses podium |last=Kew |first=Matt |date=24 April 2022 |website=Autosport |publisher=Motorsport Network |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215132035/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-emilia-romagna-gp-verstappen-leads-red-bull-1-2-leclerc-spin-loses-podium/10179437/ |archive-date=15 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> wat hom tot sesde gedegradeer het en sy voorsprong bo Verstappen tot 27 punte verminder het.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/verstappen-leclercs-imola-f1-spin-easily-done/10182993/ |title=Verstappen: Leclerc's Imola F1 spin "easily done" |last1=Cobb |first1=Haydn |last2=Kew |first2=Matt |date=24 April 2022 |website=Autosport |publisher=Motorsport Network |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301213121/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/verstappen-leclercs-imola-f1-spin-easily-done/10182993/ |archive-date=1 March 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het tweede na Verstappen geëindig nadat hy by die [[2022 Miami Grand Prix|Miami Grand Prix]] voor weggespring het.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/61373963 |title=Miami Grand Prix: Max Verstappen takes hard-fought win over Charles Leclerc |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=8 May 2022 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230122527/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/61373963 |archive-date=30 December 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
In [[2022 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]] het Leclerc weer die voorste plek geneem en die wedren met 'n voorsprong van 13 sekondes gelei totdat 'n kragbronversaking hom gedwing het om te onttrek,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/general/news/autosport-2022-top-50-2-charles-leclerc/10413528/ |title=Autosport 2022 Top 50: #2 Charles Leclerc |date=22 December 2022 |website=Autosport |publisher=Motorsport Network |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224134927/https://www.autosport.com/general/news/autosport-2022-top-50-2-charles-leclerc/10413528/ |archive-date=24 February 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> handing Verstappen the victory and championship lead.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/may/22/max-verstappen-wins-dramatic-spanish-f1-gp-after-charles-leclerc-retires |title=Max Verstappen wins dramatic Spanish F1 GP after Charles Leclerc retires |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=22 May 2022 |work=The Guardian |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214045929/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/may/22/max-verstappen-wins-dramatic-spanish-f1-gp-after-charles-leclerc-retires |archive-date=14 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> wat Verstappen die oorwinning en kampioenskapsleiding besorg het.
Nadat hy nog 'n voorste plek by die Monaco Grand Prix geneem het, het Leclerc vierde geëindig weens 'n strategiese fout in nat weerstoestande.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12623789/charles-leclerc-slams-ferrari-mistakes-at-monaco-gp-we-cannot-do-that-it-hurts-a-lot |title=Charles Leclerc slams Ferrari mistakes at Monaco GP: 'We cannot do that... it hurts a lot' |last=Morlidge |first=Matt |date=29 May 2022 |website=Sky Sports|access-date=2 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220602090453/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12623789/charles-leclerc-slams-ferrari-mistakes-at-monaco-gp-we-cannot-do-that-it-hurts-a-lot |archive-date=2 June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het sy vierde agtereenvolgende voorste wegspringplek by die [[2022 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix]] behaal,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/azerbaijan-grand-prix-qualifying-results-leclerc-hamilton-verstappen-b2098918.html |title=Charles Leclerc claims Azerbaijan Grand Prix pole as Lewis Hamilton faces stewards |last=Duncan |first=Philip |date=11 June 2022 |work=The Independent |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626094308/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/azerbaijan-grand-prix-qualifying-results-leclerc-hamilton-verstappen-b2098918.html |archive-date=26 June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> waar hy weer weens 'n enjinprobleem uit die voortou geval het, wat hom derde op die punteleer agter Pérez geplaas het.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/61775861 |title=Azerbaijan Grand Prix: Max Verstappen wins in Baku as Charles Leclerc retires |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=12 June 2022 |work=[[BBC Sport]]|access-date=14 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614184357/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/61775861 |archive-date=14 June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/sports/formula-one-azerbaijan-gp-recap-june-12-1.6486116 |title=Verstappen wins F1 Azerbaijan Grand Prix after Leclerc engine failure |date=12 June 2022 |work=CBC Sports |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725051956/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/formula-one-azerbaijan-gp-recap-june-12-1.6486116 |archive-date=25 July 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het negentiende vir die [[2022 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanadese Grand Prix]] weggespring weens 'n enjin-roosterstraf; maar hy kon herstel tot vyfde.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-calls-canadian-gp-super-frustrating-despite-recovering-from-back-row.2WE6F7ZVRYRYt5xkY8cXxX |title=Leclerc calls Canadian GP 'super-frustrating' despite recovering from back row to P5 |date=20 June 2022 |website=Formula 1|access-date=8 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624034750/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.leclerc-calls-canadian-gp-super-frustrating-despite-recovering-from-back-row.2WE6F7ZVRYRYt5xkY8cXxX.html |archive-date=24 June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
By die [[2022 Britse Grand Prix]] het hy vierde geëindig nadat hy 'n bonus-kuipestop onder die veiligheidsmotor aan sy spanmaat, [[Carlos Sainz jr.]], afgestaan het.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/ferrari-explains-decision-not-to-pit-leclerc-under-late-british-gp-safety-car/10332619/ |title=Ferrari explains decision not to pit Leclerc under late British GP safety car |last=Smith |first=Luke |date=3 July 2022 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=Motorsport Network|access-date=11 November 2022 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704172102/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/ferrari-explains-decision-not-to-pit-leclerc-under-late-british-gp-safety-car/10332619/ |archive-date=4 July 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Lêer:FIA F1 Austria 2022 Podium Race Winner Leclerc.jpg|duimnael|links|Leclerc het drie oorwinnings behaal om as naaswenner gekroon te word in die Wêreldbestuurderskampioenskap na [[Max Verstappen]].]]
Leclerc het toe by die [[2022 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenrykse Grand Prix]] geseëvier na 'n hewige stryd met Verstappen,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/jul/10/f1-austrian-grand-prix-live |title=Charles Leclerc pips Max Verstappen to F1 victory at Austrian GP – as it happened |last=Hess |first=Alex |date=10 July 2022 |work=The Guardian |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017052143/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/jul/10/f1-austrian-grand-prix-live |archive-date=17 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> halfpad deur die seisoen na die tweede plek op die punteleer geklim.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/i-definitely-needed-that-one-says-leclerc-after-taking-first-win-in-three.01dC8Iv7gghhFfIsE9PGQ0|title='I definitely needed that one' says Leclerc, after taking first win in three months in Austrian Grand Prix|date=10 July 2022|website=Formula 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008171623/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.i-definitely-needed-that-one-says-leclerc-after-taking-first-win-in-three.01dC8Iv7gghhFfIsE9PGQ0.html|archive-date=8 October 2022|access-date=8 October 2022}}</ref> Ferrari het gesukkel om die vertoning van Red Bull sedert die [[2022 Franse Grand Prix|Franse Grand Prix]] te ewenaar,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/tech-tuesday-how-performance-has-swung-from-ferrari-to-red-bull-during-the-2022-season.31PFpwsa8ACPOGXGLOWaCq|title=Tech Tuesday: How performance has swung from Ferrari to Red Bull during the 2022 season|last=Hughes|first=Mark|last2=Piola|first2=Giorgio|date=20 September 2022|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913015040/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/tech-tuesday-how-performance-has-swung-from-ferrari-to-red-bull-during-the-2022-season.31PFpwsa8ACPOGXGLOWaCq|archive-date=13 September 2024|access-date=12 February 2025}}</ref> waar Leclerc op die voorste wegspringplek begin het voordat hy op rondte 18 uit die voortou getol en teen 'n versperring gebots het.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/62284619 |title=French Grand Prix: Max Verstappen wins from Lewis Hamilton after Charles Leclerc crashes out |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=24 July 2022 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |access-date=26 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726113103/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/62284619 |archive-date=26 July 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[2022 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] het hy derde gekwalifiseer en sesde geëindig nadat nog 'n strategiese fout deur Ferrari hom op onderpresterende harde bande geplaas het; Verstappen het die wedren gewen en sy voorsprong oor Leclerc tot 80 punte gerek voor die aanvang van die somerpouse.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/34327571/how-ferrari-got-strategy-wrong-hungary |title=How Ferrari got its strategy so wrong in Hungary |last=Edmondson |first=Laurence |date=1 August 2022 |website=[[ESPN]] |access-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824122002/https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/34327571/how-ferrari-got-strategy-wrong-hungary |archive-date=24 August 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Leclerc het vyftiende weggespring na 'n roosterstraf by die [[2022 Belgiese Grand Prix|Belgiese Grand Prix]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-fastest-in-qualifying-but-sainz-set-to-start-on-pole-after.18uRqCjdY4iTx2s1CtiQ1m|title=Verstappen fastest in qualifying but Sainz set to start on pole after Belgian GP grid penalties|date=27 August 2022|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829095938/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.verstappen-fastest-in-qualifying-but-sainz-set-to-start-on-pole-after.18uRqCjdY4iTx2s1CtiQ1m.html|archive-date=29 August 2022|access-date=8 October 2022}}</ref> waar hy na vyfde herstel het, en na sesde afgeskuif is na 'n vyfsekonde-tydstraf vir te vinnig ry in die kuipelaan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-cruises-to-belgian-grand-prix-victory-from-p15-as-perez-completes.2J5xxc79o1DGvziQOegt7i|title=2022 Belgian Grand Prix race report and highlights: Verstappen cruises to Belgian Grand Prix victory from P14 as Pérez completes Red Bull 1–2|date=28 August 2022|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829080749/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.verstappen-cruises-to-belgian-grand-prix-victory-from-p15-as-perez-completes.2J5xxc79o1DGvziQOegt7i.html|archive-date=29 August 2022|access-date=25 September 2022}}</ref> Voor die [[2022 Nederlandse Grand Prix|Nederlandse Grand Prix]] het hy erken dat hy "opgehou het om sy punte-agterstand teenoor Verstappen te tel".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://the-race.com/formula-1/leclerc-has-stopped-counting-points-deficit-to-verstappen/|title=Leclerc has 'stopped counting' F1 points deficit to Verstappen|last=Anderson|first=Ben|date=2 September 2022|website=The Race|publisher=The Race Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925192957/https://the-race.com/formula-1/leclerc-has-stopped-counting-points-deficit-to-verstappen/|archive-date=25 September 2022|access-date=25 September 2022}}</ref> Hy het vyf agtereenvolgende podiumplekke van daar af behaal tot die [[2022 Verenigde State Grand Prix|Verenigde State Grand Prix]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/facts-and-stats-perez-first-man-in-over-a-decade-to-do-monaco-singapore.2NAFspcpYnd1DdSBANcZ5t |title=Facts and Stats: Pérez first man in over a decade to do Monaco-Singapore double |last=Kelly |first=Sean |date=2 October 2022 |website=Formula 1 |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241206044920/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/facts-and-stats-perez-first-man-in-over-a-decade-to-do-monaco-singapore.2NAFspcpYnd1DdSBANcZ5t |archive-date=6 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-suzuka-f1-penalty-was-right-after-last-lap-perez-fight/10382998/ |title=Leclerc: Suzuka F1 penalty was "right" after last-lap Pérez fight |last=Smith |first=Luke |date=11 October 2022 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=Motorsport Network |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326014736/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-suzuka-f1-penalty-was-right-after-last-lap-perez-fight/10382998/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/the-familiar-ferrari-flaw-that-cost-leclerc-a-shot-at-us-gp-victory/ |url-access=registration |title=The familiar Ferrari flaw that cost Leclerc a shot at US GP victory |last=Gupta |first=Ekagra |date=25 October 2022 |magazine=Motor Sport |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0027-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025231159/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/the-familiar-ferrari-flaw-that-cost-leclerc-a-shot-at-us-gp-victory |archive-date=25 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> insluitend tweede plekke vanaf die voorste wegspringplek in [[2022 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italië]] en [[2022 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoer]];<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/max-verstappen-charles-leclerc-italian-grand-prix-b2164840.html |title=Max Verstappen wins the Italian Grand Prix as he holds off Ferrari's Charles Leclerc |last=Jackson |first=Kieran |date=11 September 2022 |work=The Independent |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603214342/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/max-verstappen-charles-leclerc-italian-grand-prix-b2164840.html |archive-date=3 June 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12710051/singapore-gp-sergio-perez-holds-off-charles-leclerc-for-victory-in-chaotic-race-as-max-verstappen-denied-title |title=Singapore GP: Sergio Pérez holds off Charles Leclerc for victory in chaotic race as Max Verstappen denied title |date=3 October 2022 |website=Sky Sports|access-date=3 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003104622/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12710051/singapore-gp-sergio-perez-holds-off-charles-leclerc-for-victory-in-chaotic-race-as-max-verstappen-denied-title |archive-date=3 October 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Verstappen het die titel in [[2022 Japannese Grand Prix|Japan]] verower.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2022/10/09/japanese-grand-prix-2022-f1-live-race-results-suzuka-news-weather/ |url-access=registration |title=Max Verstappen secures title in confusing circumstances despite Japanese GP win |last1=Cary |first1=Tom |last2=Slater |first2=Luke |date=9 October 2022 |work=The Daily Telegraph |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220163859/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2022/10/09/japanese-grand-prix-2022-f1-live-race-results-suzuka-news-weather/ |archive-date=20 December 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het onderskeidelik sesde en vierde geëindig by die [[2022 Meksikostad Grand Prix|Grands Prix van Mexikostad]] en [[2022 São Paulo Grand Prix|São Paulo]] – na 'n botsing met [[Lando Norris]] by laasgenoemde – wat hom gelykop tweede in die kampioenskap gelaat het, met Pérez op 290 punte voor die finale rondte.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12474/12734737/mexico-city-gp-charles-leclerc-hurt-by-performance-as-paul-di-resta-outlines-fears-for-ferrari|title=Mexico City GP: Charles Leclerc 'hurt' by performance as Paul di Resta outlines fears for Ferrari|date=31 October 2022|website=Sky Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328211019/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12474/12734737/mexico-city-gp-charles-leclerc-hurt-by-performance-as-paul-di-resta-outlines-fears-for-ferrari|archive-date=28 March 2023|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-surprised-aggressive-norris-brazil-gp-clash/10400846/|title=Leclerc surprised by "aggressive" Norris F1 Brazil GP clash|last=Cooper|first=Adam|date=17 November 2022|website=Motorsport.com|publisher=Motorsport Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908223548/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-surprised-aggressive-norris-brazil-gp-clash/10400846/|archive-date=8 September 2024|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/nov/13/brazilian-grand-prix-formula-one-live |title=Brazilian GP: Russell secures first F1 win on triumphant day for Mercedes – as it happened |last=McLaughlin |first=Luke |date=13 November 2022 |work=The Guardian |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321082120/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/nov/13/brazilian-grand-prix-formula-one-live |archive-date=21 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het derde gekwalifiseer vir die [[2022 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix]] agter Pérez, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-abu-dhabi-gp-verstappen-trumps-perez-for-pole-leclerc-third/10402354/|title=F1 Abu Dhabi GP: Verstappen trumps Pérez for pole, Leclerc third|last=Kew|first=Matt|date=19 November 2022|website=[[Autosport]]|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808163855/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-abu-dhabi-gp-verstappen-trumps-perez-for-pole-leclerc-third/10402354/|archive-date=8 August 2024|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> voordat hy hom met 'n eenstopstrategie verbygesteek het en tweede in die Wêreldbestuurderskampioenskap geplaas was.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12751622/abu-dhabi-gp-charles-leclerc-praises-ferrari-for-delivering-under-pressure-in-f1-season-finale|title=Abu Dhabi GP: Charles Leclerc praises Ferrari for delivering under 'pressure' in F1 season finale|date=20 November 2022|website=Sky Sports|publisher=Sky Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121135906/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12751622/abu-dhabi-gp-charles-leclerc-praises-ferrari-for-delivering-under-pressure-in-f1-season-finale|archive-date=21 November 2022|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> Hy het altesaam 308 punte oor die seisoen behaal, 146 agter Verstappen en 62 voor spanmaat Sainz in die vyfde plek.<ref name="2022analysis">{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/analysis-the-good-the-bad-and-the-future-whats-next-for-charles-leclerc.6WhHWZoRqEkNzY9bc5OLhg |title=Analysis: The good, the bad and the future – What's next for Charles Leclerc after his 2022 title defeat? |last=Barretto |first=Lawrence |date=17 December 2022 |website=Formula 1 |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241111175358/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/analysis-the-good-the-bad-and-the-future-whats-next-for-charles-leclerc.6WhHWZoRqEkNzY9bc5OLhg |archive-date=11 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/13/sports/autoracing/f1-ferrari-season.html |url-access=registration |title=For Ferrari, a Second-Place Season Full of Mistakes |last=Horton |first=Phillip |date=13 December 2022 |work=The New York Times|access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1553-8095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123003214/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/13/sports/autoracing/f1-ferrari-season.html |archive-date=23 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het die veld gelei met nege voorste wegspringplekke,<ref name="2022analysis" /> en verder drie oorwinnings uit 11 podiumplekke behaal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/ranking-the-top-10-formula-1-drivers-of-2022/10411500/|title=Ranking the top 10 Formula 1 drivers of 2022|last=Kalinauckas|first=Alex|last2=Kew|first2=Matt|date=15 December 2022|website=[[Autosport]]|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204120716/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/ranking-the-top-10-formula-1-drivers-of-2022/10411500/|archive-date=4 February 2023|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref>
==== 2023–2024: Eerste Monaco Grand Prix-oorwinning ====
[[Lêer:FIA F1 Austria 2023 Nr. 16 (1).jpg|duimnael|Leclerc het vyf voorste wegspringplekke en ses podiumplekke in 2023 behaal.]]
Ferrari het gesukkel om konsekwente renspoed en bandslytasie te handhaaf gedurende die vroeë stadiums van 2023, terwyl [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]] hul voorsprong van die vorige jaar gekonsolideer het.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/sainz-understanding-very-peaky-f1-car-ferraris-main-focus-for-2023/10510921/ |title=Sainz: Understanding "very peaky" F1 car Ferrari's main focus for 2023 |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=24 August 2023 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=Motorsport Network |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127022509/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/sainz-understanding-very-peaky-f1-car-ferraris-main-focus-for-2023/10510921/ |archive-date=27 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12931215/charles-leclerc-says-belgian-gp-podium-gave-him-and-ferrari-a-smile-but-wants-team-to-understand-2023-car |title=Charles Leclerc says Belgian GP podium gave him and Ferrari a smile but wants team to 'understand' 2023 car |date=1 August 2023 |website=Sky Sports |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810091655/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12931215/charles-leclerc-says-belgian-gp-podium-gave-him-and-ferrari-a-smile-but-wants-team-to-understand-2023-car |archive-date=10 August 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/why-ferrari-hit-a-ceiling-with-its-2023-f1-car-development/10557818/ |title=Why Ferrari hit a ceiling with its 2023 F1 car development |last1=Cleeren |first1=Filip |last2=Chinchero |first2=Roberto |date=14 December 2023 |website=Motorsport.com |access-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117074522/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/why-ferrari-hit-a-ceiling-with-its-2023-f1-car-development/10557818/ |archive-date=17 January 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het derde gekwalifiseer vir die [[2023 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahreinse Grand Prix]], waar hy vir die grootste deel van die wedren gebly het voordat hy met 'n tegniese probleem uitgeval het.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/f1-charles-leclerc-ferrari-bahrain-grand-prix-b2294511.html |title='What happened guys?': Charles Leclerc left devastated after retiring at Bahrain Grand Prix |last=Rathborn |first=Jack |date=5 March 2023 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330173538/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/f1-charles-leclerc-ferrari-bahrain-grand-prix-b2294511.html |archive-date=30 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/not-good-leclerc-despondent-after-bahrain-gp-double-blow/ |title='A second off' – Leclerc despondent at poor Ferrari pace and DNF |last1=Beer |first1=Matt |last2=Mitchell-Malm |first2=Scott |last3=Straw |first3=Edd |date=5 March 2023 |website=The Race |publisher=The Race Media |access-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305224959/https://the-race.com/formula-1/not-good-leclerc-despondent-after-bahrain-gp-double-blow/ |archive-date=5 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het daarna 'n roosterstraf in [[2023 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|Saoedi-Arabië]] gekry en tot sewende herstel nadat hy twaalfde begin het met 'n val van tien plekke.<ref name="Peresfendsoff">{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/perez-fends-off-verstappen-to-win-action-packed-saudi-arabian-gp-as-alonso.329xV14gKVrf1iU6dOkISI |title=Pérez fends off Verstappen to win action-packed Saudi Arabian GP as Alonso takes 100th podium |date=19 March 2023 |website=Formula 1 |access-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319185544/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.perez-fends-off-verstappen-to-win-action-packed-saudi-arabian-gp-as-alonso.329xV14gKVrf1iU6dOkISI.html |archive-date=19 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Leclerc het uit die [[2023 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese Grand Prix]] onttrek na 'n botsing met [[Lance Stroll]] op die eerste rondte.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-frustrated-by-worst-ever-start-to-an-f1-season-with-melbourne-dnf/10452656/ |title=Frustrated Leclerc says F1 2023 his "worst ever start" to a season |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=4 April 2023 |website=Motorsport.com |access-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509123640/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-frustrated-by-worst-ever-start-to-an-f1-season-with-melbourne-dnf/10452656/ |archive-date=9 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het toe op die voorste wegspringplek gekwalifiseer by die [[2023 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix]] en tweede in die naelloop en derde in die hoofwedren geëindig.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/perez-leads-red-bull-one-two-in-dramatic-azerbaijan-gp-to-cut-verstappens.3UgBHOtrbFlmDdYEixNuDR |title=Pérez heads Red Bull one–two in dramatic Azerbaijan GP to cut Verstappen's championship lead |date=30 April 2023 |website=Formula 1 |publisher=Formula One Group |access-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230507130847/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.perez-leads-red-bull-one-two-in-dramatic-azerbaijan-gp-to-cut-verstappens.3UgBHOtrbFlmDdYEixNuDR.html |archive-date=7 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Nadat hy in [[2023 Miami Grand Prix|Miami]] tydens kwalifisering uitgeval het, het hy sewende geëindig.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/ferrari-on-a-knife-edge-the-unknown-issues-plaguing-its-2023-f1-car/ |url-access=registration |title=Ferrari on a knife edge: the 'unknown' issues plaguing its 2023 F1 car |last=Dodgins |first=Tony |date=9 May 2023 |magazine=Motor Sport |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0027-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510030859/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/ferrari-on-a-knife-edge-the-unknown-issues-plaguing-its-2023-f1-car/ |archive-date=10 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2023/05/07/miami-grand-prix-f1-live-latest-updates-news-weather/ |url-access=registration |title=Max Verstappen charges through field to take Miami Grand Prix win from Sergio Pérez |last=Cary |first=Tom |date=8 May 2023 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103160557/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2023/05/07/miami-grand-prix-f1-live-latest-updates-news-weather/ |archive-date=3 January 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het tot sesde verbeter by die [[2023 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] nadat hy 'n roosterstraf van drie plekke gekry het omdat hy [[Lando Norris]] in die kwalifisering belemmer het.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/ferrari-apologised-to-leclerc-for-monaco-gp-qualifying-miscommunication/10475143/ |title=Ferrari apologised to Leclerc for Monaco F1 qualifying miscommunication |last=Cooper |first=Adam |date=29 May 2023 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=Motorsport Network |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621020625/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/ferrari-apologised-to-leclerc-for-monaco-gp-qualifying-miscommunication/10475143/ |archive-date=21 June 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[2023 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]] het hy negentiende gekwalifiseer en die wedren vanuit die kuipelaan begin – en die SF-23 as "onbestuurbaar" beskryf; hy het die wedren elfde voltooi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-left-searching-for-answers-after-very-very-weird-feeling-leads-to.5iGhrcbOb9eujtTn9l2F4i |title=Leclerc left searching for answers after 'very, very weird' feeling leads to shock Q1 exit in Spain |date=3 June 2023 |website=Formula 1|access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250113195013/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-left-searching-for-answers-after-very-very-weird-feeling-leads-to.5iGhrcbOb9eujtTn9l2F4i |archive-date=13 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12896492/spanish-grand-prix-charles-leclerc-and-carlos-sainz-bemoan-ferrari-struggles-after-disappointing-race |title=Spanish Grand Prix: Charles Leclerc and Carlos Sainz bemoan Ferrari struggles after disappointing race |last=Johnston |first=Sam |date=5 June 2023 |website=Sky Sports |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619071008/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12896492/spanish-grand-prix-charles-leclerc-and-carlos-sainz-bemoan-ferrari-struggles-after-disappointing-race |archive-date=19 June 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het van tiende na vierde in [[2023 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanada]] herstel na 'n kuipestop-dobbelspel onder die veiligheidsmotor.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/18/sports/autoracing/f1-canadian-grand-prix-tv-results.html |url-access=registration |title=Verstappen Wins Another Day of Follow the Leader |last1=Das |first1=Andrew |last2=Katz |first2=Josh |date=18 June 2023 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1553-8095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122175958/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/18/sports/autoracing/f1-canadian-grand-prix-tv-results.html |archive-date=22 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/its-definitely-encouraging-says-leclerc-of-ferraris-canadian-gp-turnaround.4Q0WQVP3ivDWHYDH5Ep9UY |title='It's definitely encouraging' says Leclerc of Ferrari's Canadian GP turnaround as Sainz addresses team orders call |date=19 June 2023 |website=Formula 1 |access-date=14 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241016014217/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/its-definitely-encouraging-says-leclerc-of-ferraris-canadian-gp-turnaround.4Q0WQVP3ivDWHYDH5Ep9UY |archive-date=16 October 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het op die voorste ry gekwalifiseer vir die [[2023 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenrykse Grand Prix]], waar hy kortliks gelei het voordat hy deur Max Verstappen vir die oorwinning verbygesteek is.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/verstappen-makes-biggest-statement-so-far-amid-deluge-of-f1-track-limits-penalties-2023-austrian-gp-report/ |url-access=registration |title=Verstappen's biggest statement yet amid F1 penalty deluge: 2023 Austrian GP report |last=Medland |first=Chris |date=2 July 2023 |magazine=Motor Sport |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0027-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703104705/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/verstappen-makes-biggest-statement-so-far-amid-deluge-of-f1-track-limits-penalties-2023-austrian-gp-report/ |archive-date=3 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het onderskeidelik negende en sewende geëindig by die [[2023 Britse Grand Prix|Britse]] en [[2023 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongaarse Grands Prix]], te midde van probleme met bandverswakking en strategie.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12474/12918503/british-gp-charles-leclerc-says-ferraris-difficulties-at-silverstone-surpassed-his-expectations |title=British GP: Charles Leclerc says Ferrari's difficulties at Silverstone surpassed his expectations |date=11 July 2023 |website=Sky Sports |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214192446/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12474/12918503/british-gp-charles-leclerc-says-ferraris-difficulties-at-silverstone-surpassed-his-expectations |archive-date=14 February 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/38062679/water-radio-issues-add-leclercs-hungary-frustrations |title=Water and radio issues add to Leclerc's Hungary frustrations |last=Edmondson |first=Laurence |date=24 July 2023 |website=[[ESPN]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728084904/https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/38062679/water-radio-issues-add-leclercs-hungary-frustrations |archive-date=28 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het nog 'n voorste plek by die [[2023 Belgiese Grand Prix|Belgiese Grand Prix]] behaal na 'n roosterstraf vir Verstappen;<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/28/charles-leclerc-on-pole-at-belgian-gp-after-max-verstappen-penalty |title=Charles Leclerc on pole at Belgian GP after Max Verstappen penalty |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=28 July 2023 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112154151/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/28/charles-leclerc-on-pole-at-belgian-gp-after-max-verstappen-penalty |archive-date=12 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> hy het derde geëindig.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/2023-belgian-grand-prix--7-talking-points/ |title=2023 Belgian Grand Prix {{!}} 7 talking points |last=Smith |first=Damien |date=31 July 2023 |website=Goodwood Road & Racing |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213032656/https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/2023-belgian-grand-prix--7-talking-points/ |archive-date=13 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Nadat hy weens skade aan die reëngeteisterde [[2023 Nederlandse Grand Prix|Nederlandse Grand Prix]] onttrek het,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/why-leclerc-getting-biggest-dutch-gp-call-right-is-important-for-ferraris-f1-future/10513176/ |url-access=subscription |title=Why Leclerc getting biggest Dutch GP call right is important for Ferrari's F1 future |last=Kalinauckas |first=Alex |date=30 August 2023 |website=[[Autosport]]|access-date=31 January 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805035833/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/why-leclerc-getting-biggest-dutch-gp-call-right-is-important-for-ferraris-f1-future/10513176/ |archive-date=5 August 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> het Leclerc vierde geëindig in die volgende drie wedrenne in [[2023 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italië]], [[2023 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoer]] en [[2023 Japannese Grand Prix|Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/im-sure-many-people-did-not-enjoy-that-leclerc-and-sainz-reflect-on-their.4exq4m37oPwHiOb6CoNFuC |title='We were at the limit of the regulations' – Leclerc and Sainz reflect on their thrilling Italian GP battle |date=3 September 2023 |website=Formula 1|access-date=14 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916094023/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/im-sure-many-people-did-not-enjoy-that-leclerc-and-sainz-reflect-on-their.4exq4m37oPwHiOb6CoNFuC |archive-date=16 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/leclercs-singapore-sacrifice-for-sainz-a-driver-too-good-to-be-no2/ |url-access=registration |title=Leclerc's Singapore sacrifice for Sainz – a driver too good to be No2 |last=Hughes |first=Mark |date=18 September 2023 |magazine=Motor Sport |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0027-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211193525/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/leclercs-singapore-sacrifice-for-sainz-a-driver-too-good-to-be-no2/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-thought-japan-f1-podium-was-on-after-mistaking-perez-for-verstappen/10525158/ |title=Leclerc thought Japan F1 podium was on after mistaking Pérez for Verstappen |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=25 September 2023 |website=[[Autosport]]|access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718081854/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-thought-japan-f1-podium-was-on-after-mistaking-perez-for-verstappen/10525158/ |archive-date=18 July 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het toe vyfde in [[2023 Katarse Grand Prix|Katar]] geëindig.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/oct/08/verstappen-storms-to-qatar-win-after-hamilton-and-russells-gutting-crash |title=Verstappen storms to Qatar win after Hamilton's and Russell's 'gutting' crash |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=8 October 2023 |work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116145507/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/oct/08/verstappen-storms-to-qatar-win-after-hamilton-and-russells-gutting-crash |archive-date=16 January 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het teruggekeer na die voorste wegspringplek by die [[2023 Verenigde State Grand Prix|Verenigde State Grand Prix]] en het tweede in die naelren geëindig.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/2023-f1-us-gp-results-max-verstappen-wins-sprint-at-austin/10535992/ |title=2023 F1 US GP results: Max Verstappen wins sprint in Austin |last=Bradley |first=Charles |date=21 October 2023 |website=[[Autosport]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720200212/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/2023-f1-us-gp-results-max-verstappen-wins-sprint-at-austin/10535992/ |archive-date=20 July 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het tot sesde in die hoofwedren teruggesak voordat hy en [[Lewis Hamilton]] gediskwalifiseer is vir oormatige glyblokslytasie.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/breaking-hamilton-and-leclerc-disqualified-from-united-states-grand-prix-for.10nvuyvEPfMgoeWxWOhw0a |title=Hamilton and Leclerc disqualified from United States Grand Prix for technical breach |date=23 October 2023 |website=Formula 1|access-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026025059/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-hamilton-and-leclerc-disqualified-from-united-states-grand-prix-for.10nvuyvEPfMgoeWxWOhw0a.html |archive-date=26 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het weer in [[2023 Meksikostad Grand Prix|Meksikostad]] vir die voorste wegspringplek gekwalifiseer,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/67252776 |title=Mexico City Grand Prix: Ferrari's Charles Leclerc takes surprise pole position ahead of Carlos Sainz |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=29 October 2023 |work=[[BBC Sport]]|access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102002451/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/67252776 |archive-date=2 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> en derde geëindig na 'n botsing in die eerste draai met Sergio Pérez.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2023/10/29/mexico-city-grand-prix-f1-live-verstappen-hamilton-updates/ |url-access=registration |title=Max Verstappen eases to Mexico City GP win after Sergio Pérez crashes out on opening lap |last=Duncan |first=Filip |date=30 October 2023 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114234953/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2023/10/29/mexico-city-grand-prix-f1-live-verstappen-hamilton-updates/ |archive-date=14 January 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het in die voorste ry vir die [[2023 São Paulo Grand Prix|São Paulo Grand Prix]] gekwalifiseer voordat hy uit die formasierondte geval het te midde van 'n hidrouliese probleem by ''[[José Carlos Pace-renbaan|Ferradura]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/must-see-front-row-starter-charles-leclerc-spins-off-on-the-sao-paulo-gp.2wYo12iTPrKDXHPPYVuorJ |title=Must-See: Front-row starter Charles Leclerc spins off on the São Paulo GP formation lap |date=5 November 2023 |website=Formula 1 |access-date=12 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526081314/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/must-see-front-row-starter-charles-leclerc-spins-off-on-the-sao-paulo-gp.2wYo12iTPrKDXHPPYVuorJ |archive-date=26 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het weer vir die voorste wegspringplek gekwalifiseer vir die eerste [[2023 Las Vegas Grand Prix|Las Vegas Grand Prix]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/nov/18/las-vegas-f1-qualifying-report-charles-leclerc-pole-fans-no-apology |title=Charles Leclerc lights up Las Vegas for pole as F1 refuses to apologise after farce |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=18 November 2023 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228104141/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/nov/18/las-vegas-f1-qualifying-report-charles-leclerc-pole-fans-no-apology |archive-date=28 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> waar hy in 'n drieledige stryd om die voortou met Verstappen en Pérez betrokke was; Leclerc het tweede geëindig nadat hy laasgenoemde op die laaste rondte verbygesteek het,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2023/11/19/las-vegas-grand-prix-2023-f1-live-latest-updates-usa/ |url-access=registration |title=Max Verstappen gets penalty, hits George Russell and still wins Las Vegas GP |last=Cary |first=Tom |date=19 November 2023 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241016010943/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2023/11/19/las-vegas-grand-prix-2023-f1-live-latest-updates-usa/ |archive-date=16 October 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> wat hom later die Inhaal-toekenning besorg het.<ref name="OA23">{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/crypto-com-overtake-of-the-month-award.4NSk8Aciia1hOZ9QEmmSjq|title=Crypto.com Overtake of the Year Award|date=15 December 2023|website=Formula 1|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128152640/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/crypto-com-overtake-of-the-month-award.4NSk8Aciia1hOZ9QEmmSjq|archive-date=28 January 2025|access-date=21 December 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het weer tweede in [[2023 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi]] geëindig,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-explains-late-bid-to-help-perez-in-f1-abu-dhabi-gp/10552192/ |title=Leclerc explains late bid to help Pérez in F1 Abu Dhabi GP |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=26 November 2023 |website=[[Autosport]]|access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814174843/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-explains-late-bid-to-help-perez-in-f1-abu-dhabi-gp/10552192/ |archive-date=14 August 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> wat hom na die vyfde plek in die Wêreldbestuurderskampioenskap met 206 punte verhoog het, gelyk met [[Fernando Alonso]] in die vierde plek,[nota 6] en ses voor spanmaat [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] in die sewende plek.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/p2-is-all-that-mattered-leclerc-explains-late-race-tactics-with-perez-in-bid.6w7vZo2dvczq6hqRPArV0m |title='P2 is all that mattered' – Leclerc explains late-race tactics with Pérez in bid to help Ferrari overhaul Mercedes |date=26 November 2023 |website=Formula 1|access-date=14 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915165817/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/p2-is-all-that-mattered-leclerc-explains-late-race-tactics-with-perez-in-bid.6w7vZo2dvczq6hqRPArV0m |archive-date=15 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het vyf voorste wegspringplekke en ses podiumplekke oor die seisoen behaal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-2023-team-mate-head-to-head-battles/10555611/ |title=F1 2023 team-mate head-to-head battles |last=Hardy |first=Ed |date=6 December 2023 |website=[[Autosport]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815084142/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-2023-team-mate-head-to-head-battles/10555611/ |archive-date=15 August 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Lêer:2024-08-24 Motorsport, Formel 1, Großer Preis der Niederlande 2024 STP 3435 by Stepro.jpg|duimnael|links|Leclerc bestuur die Ferrari SF-24 by die [[2024 Nederlandse Grand Prix]]. Hy het in 2024 drie Grands Prix gewen met 13 podiums, insluitend die [[2024 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]].]]
Voor die [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024-seisoen]] het Leclerc gekies om sy kontrak met Ferrari te verleng tot ná die [[2026 Formule Een-seisoen|2026-reëlveranderinge]].<ref name="contract">{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-signs-ferrari-f1-contract-extension/10569077/ |title=Leclerc signs Ferrari F1 contract extension |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=25 January 2024 |website=Motorsport.com |access-date=25 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240125141820/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-signs-ferrari-f1-contract-extension/10569077/ |archive-date=25 January 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]] het die voorlopers gebly met die aanvang van die seisoen in [[2024 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahrein]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/f1-red-bull-mercedes-jenson-button-b2476222.html |title=Jenson Button predicts Red Bull's closest challengers in new F1 season |last=Jackson |first=Kieran |date=10 January 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227153246/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/f1-red-bull-mercedes-jenson-button-b2476222.html |archive-date=27 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/how-red-bull-got-a-2024-headstart-by-cutting-development-on-last-years-f1-car/ |url-access=registration |title=How Red Bull got a 2024 headstart by cutting development on last year's F1 car |last=Medland |first=Chris |date=1 March 2024 |magazine=Motor Sport |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0027-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201235024/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/how-red-bull-got-a-2024-headstart-by-cutting-development-on-last-years-f1-car/ |archive-date=1 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> waar Leclerc belowe het dat hy "absoluut alles" sou doen om mededingend te wees;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-red-bull-form-a-mystery-after-it-hid-potential-in-f1-testing/10581032/ |title=Leclerc: Red Bull form a mystery after it hid potential in F1 testing |last=Noble |first=Jonathan |date=29 February 2024 |website=[[Autosport]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921022106/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-red-bull-form-a-mystery-after-it-hid-potential-in-f1-testing/10581032/ |archive-date=21 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> hy het op die voorste ry gekwalifiseer en vierde geëindig te midde van remprobleme.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-had-more-than-100-degrees-split-in-brake-temperature-in-f1-bahrain-gp/10582416/ |title=Leclerc had "more than 100 degrees split" in brake temperature in F1 Bahrain GP |last1=Cobb |first1=Hayden |last2=Cleeren |first2=Filip |date=2 March 2024 |website=Motorsport.com |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250108135104/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-had-more-than-100-degrees-split-in-brake-temperature-in-f1-bahrain-gp/10582416/ |archive-date=8 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het tot derde verbeter by die [[2024 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix]] voordat hy 'n Ferrari 1-2-plek in [[2024 Australiese Grand Prix|Australië]] behaal het - hul eerste sedert die [[2022 Bahreinse Grand Prix]] - waar hy tweede na Sainz geëindig het.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/68524759 |title=Saudi Arabian Grand Prix 2024: Max Verstappen wins as Oliver Bearman finishes seventh |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=9 March 2024 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913035755/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/68524759 |archive-date=13 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13100364/australia-gp-carlos-sainz-leads-ferrari-one-two-from-charles-leclerc-after-max-verstappen-streak-ends-with-retirement |title=Australian GP: Carlos Sainz leads Ferrari one–two from Charles Leclerc after Max Verstappen streak ends with retirement |date=25 March 2024 |website=Sky Sports |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211173424/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13100364/australia-gp-carlos-sainz-leads-ferrari-one-two-from-charles-leclerc-after-max-verstappen-streak-ends-with-retirement |archive-date=11 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nadat hy vierde geëindig het by beide die [[2024 Japannese Grand Prix|Japannese]] en [[2024 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese Grands Prix]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/2024-f1-japanese-gp-results-max-verstappen-wins-red-flagged-race/10596032/ |title=2024 F1 Japanese GP results: Max Verstappen wins red-flagged race |last=Bradley |first=Charles |date=7 April 2024 |website=[[Autosport]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520164338/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/2024-f1-japanese-gp-results-max-verstappen-wins-red-flagged-race/10596032/ |archive-date=20 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/apr/21/max-verstappen-f1-chinese-grand-prix-victory-report-lando-norris-second |title=Max Verstappen charges to F1 Chinese GP victory with Lando Norris second |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=21 April 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529083347/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/apr/21/max-verstappen-f1-chinese-grand-prix-victory-report-lando-norris-second |archive-date=29 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> het Leclerc derde plekke in [[2024 Miami Grand Prix|Miami]] en [[2024 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|Emilia Romagna]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/06/sport/lando-norris-2024-miami-grand-prix-spt-intl/index.html |title=Lando Norris claims first win of F1 career, storming to victory at Miami Grand Prix in front of star-studded crowd |last1=Morse |first1=Ben |last2=Schlachter |first2=Thomas |date=6 May 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214022312/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/06/sport/lando-norris-2024-miami-grand-prix-spt-intl/index.html |archive-date=14 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/formula-one/article/lando-norris-keeps-pace-with-max-verstappen-italian-grand-prix-csrvmzs77 |url-access=subscription |title=Lando Norris finishes less than a second behind Max Verstappen at Imola |last=Hudson |first=Molly |date=19 May 2024 |work=[[The Times]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0140-0460 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524102701/https://www.thetimes.com/sport/formula-one/article/lando-norris-keeps-pace-with-max-verstappen-italian-grand-prix-csrvmzs77 |archive-date=24 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> sowel as tweede in die naelren.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/2024-f1-miami-gp-sprint-results-max-verstappen-wins/10606767/ |title=2024 F1 Miami GP sprint results: Max Verstappen wins |last=Bradley |first=Charles |date=4 May 2024 |website=[[Autosport]]|access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530133744/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/2024-f1-miami-gp-sprint-results-max-verstappen-wins/10606767/ |archive-date=30 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het toe die [[2024 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] — sy tuiswedren — vir die eerste keer in sy loopbaan gewen, nadat hy van die voorste wegspringposisie af weggespring het.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5520279/2024/05/26/charles-leclerc-f1-monaco-gp-results/ |title=Charles Leclerc wins F1 Monaco GP in emotional home victory |last=Coleman |first=Madeline |date=26 May 2024 |work=The Athletic |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1553-8095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926224516/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5520279/2024/05/26/charles-leclerc-f1-monaco-gp-results/ |archive-date=26 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het die eerste Monegask-bestuurder geword wat die byeenkoms gewen het sedert Louis Chiron in [[Monaco Grand Prix|1931]], en die eerste om dit in die Formule Een-wêreldkampioenskap te doen.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/facts-and-stats-first-monegasque-winner-in-monaco-since-1931-as-leclerc.4iQxLmf1Hz5i9OLxtuXdDt |title=Facts and Stats: First Monégasque winner in Monaco since 1931, as Leclerc finally breaks his curse on home soil |last=Kelly |first=Sean |date=26 May 2024 |website=Formula 1 |access-date=27 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527081444/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/facts-and-stats-first-monegasque-winner-in-monaco-since-1931-as-leclerc.4iQxLmf1Hz5i9OLxtuXdDt |archive-date=27 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het onttrek by die [[2024 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanadese Grand Prix]] weens probleme met sy kragbron.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://racer.com/2024/06/09/leclerc-frustrated-by-pu-issue-as-ferrari-suffers-double-dnf/ |title=Leclerc frustrated by PU issue as Ferrari suffers double-DNF |last=Medland |first=Chris |date=9 June 2024 |magazine=Racer (tydskrif) |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1066-6060 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007033007/https://racer.com/2024/06/09/leclerc-frustrated-by-pu-issue-as-ferrari-suffers-double-dnf/ |archive-date=7 October 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nadat hy vyfde geëindig het by die [[2024 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spaanse Grand Prix]],<ref name="ESP24">{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2024/06/23/spanish-grand-prix-live-updates/ |url-access=registration |title=Lando Norris rues costly bad start as Max Verstappen wins Spanish Grand Prix |last=Cary |first=Tom |date=23 June 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926150537/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2024/06/23/spanish-grand-prix-live-updates/ |archive-date=26 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> het hy punteloos in [[2024 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenryk]] en [[2024 Britse Grand Prix|Brittanje]] geëindig as gevolg van botsingskade en strategiefoute,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/2024-austrian-grand-prix--8-talking-points/ |title=2024 Austrian Grand Prix {{!}} 8 talking points |last=Smith |first=Damien |date=1 July 2024 |website=Goodwood Road & Racing |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719121515/https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/2024-austrian-grand-prix--8-talking-points/ |archive-date=19 July 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-in-worse-than-a-nightmare-after-failed-british-gp-intermediate-call/10632839/ |title=Leclerc in "worse than a nightmare" after failed British GP intermediate call |last1=Boxall-Legge |first1=Jake |last2=Cleeren |first2=Filip |date=7 July 2024 |website=[[Autosport]]|access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719004323/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-in-worse-than-a-nightmare-after-failed-british-gp-intermediate-call/10632839/ |archive-date=19 July 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> wat hom van tweede na derde op die punteleer agter Norris laat val het.<ref name="ESP24"/> Hy het hierna vierde in [[2024 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] geëindig.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jul/21/oscar-piastri-wins-f1-hungarian-gp-after-mcclaren-team-soap-opera |title=Oscar Piastri wins F1 Hungarian GP after McLaren order Norris to give up lead |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=21 July 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927235755/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jul/21/oscar-piastri-wins-f1-hungarian-gp-after-mcclaren-team-soap-opera |archive-date=27 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het weer vir die voorste wegspringplek by die [[2024 Belgiese Grand Prix|Belgiese Grand Prix]] gekwalifiseer na 'n terugval op die rooster vir Verstappen,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/articles/c897295r1p7o |title=Leclerc on Belgian GP pole as Verstappen takes grid penalty |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=27 July 2024 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913045437/https://www.bbc.com/sport/articles/c897295r1p7o |archive-date=13 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> en derde geëindig na 'n diskwalifikasie vir [[George Russell]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/george-russell-disqualified-belgian-gp-mercedes-f1-b2587297.html |title=George Russell disqualified after winning Belgian Grand Prix |last=Jackson |first=Kieran |date=28 July 2024 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250131222915/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/george-russell-disqualified-belgian-gp-mercedes-f1-b2587297.html |archive-date=31 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nog 'n derde plek het by die [[2024 Nederlandse Grand Prix|Nederlandse Grand Prix]] gevolg.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/cn9l7wn4xx3o |title=Dominant Norris fights back to win Dutch GP |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=25 August 2024 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913034843/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/articles/cn9l7wn4xx3o |archive-date=13 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het wydverspreide lof ontvang vir sy verrassingsoorwinning by die [[2024 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italiaanse Grand Prix]],<ref name="ITA24">{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/nobodys-perfect-but-leclerc-came-close-with-final-monza-stint-/10650874/ |title="Nobody's perfect" – but Leclerc came close with final Monza stint |last=Kalinauckas |first=Alex |date=3 September 2024 |website=[[Autosport]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915205726/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/nobodys-perfect-but-leclerc-came-close-with-final-monza-stint-/10650874/ |archive-date=15 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/winners-losers-f1-2024-italian-grand-prix/ |title=Winners and losers from F1's 2024 Italian Grand Prix |last1=Suttill |first1=Josh |last2=Beer |first2=Matt |last3=Kanal |first3=Samarth |date=1 September 2024 |website=The Race |publisher=The Race Media |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916153211/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/winners-losers-f1-2024-italian-grand-prix/ |archive-date=16 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/2024-italian-grand-prix--6-talking-points/ |title=2024 Italian Grand Prix {{!}} 6 talking points |last=Smith |first=Damien |date=2 September 2024 |website=Goodwood Road & Racing|access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102075135/https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/2024-italian-grand-prix--6-talking-points/ |archive-date=2 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> en 'n eenstopstrategie voltooi om Ferrari se eerste tuisoorwinning sedert [[2019 Italiaanse Grand Prix|2019]] te verseker.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/sep/01/charles-leclerc-wins-italian-f1-gp-for-ferrari-oscar-piastri-lando-norris |title=Charles Leclerc wins Italian F1 GP for Ferrari after one-stop gamble |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=1 September 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=1 September 2024 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922182142/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/sep/01/charles-leclerc-wins-italian-f1-gp-for-ferrari-oscar-piastri-lando-norris |archive-date=22 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het eerste gekwalifiseer by die [[2024 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix]] - sy vierde agtereenvolgende voorste wegspringplek by dié byeenkoms - en tweede geëindig na 'n wedrenlange stryd met [[Oscar Piastri]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-azerbaijan-gp-race-report/10654520/ |title=F1 Azerbaijan GP: Piastri beats Leclerc after thrilling Baku battle |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=15 September 2024 |website=[[Autosport]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222173112/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-azerbaijan-gp-race-report/10654520/ |archive-date=22 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het vyfde in [[2024 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoer]] geëindig,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-left-with-mixed-feelings-after-fightback-to-p5-in-singapore-as-he.10ZR07GCa8NNotxfSQ1ri6 |title=Leclerc left with 'mixed feelings' after fightback to P5 in Singapore as he takes blame for qualifying mistake |date=22 September 2024 |website=Formula 1 |access-date=15 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003132900/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-left-with-mixed-feelings-after-fightback-to-p5-in-singapore-as-he.10ZR07GCa8NNotxfSQ1ri6 |archive-date=3 October 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> voordat hy sy derde oorwinning van die seisoen by die [[2024 Verenigde State Grand Prix|Verenigde State Grand Prix]] behaal het.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5857103/2024/10/20/charles-leclerc-f1-us-grand-prix-lando-norris-max-verstappen/ |title=Charles Leclerc wins F1 U.S. Grand Prix, Lando Norris loses podium to late penalty |last=Coleman |first=Madeline |date=20 October 2024 |work=The Athletic |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1553-8095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250205182214/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5857103/2024/10/20/charles-leclerc-f1-us-grand-prix-lando-norris-max-verstappen/ |archive-date=5 February 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het toe derde in [[2024 Meksikostad Grand Prix|Meksikostad]] geëindig.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/28/sport/carlos-sainz-mexican-grand-prix-f1-spt-intl/index.html |title=Carlos Sainz wins Mexican Grand Prix as penalties for Max Verstappen cut into championship lead |last=Joseph |first=Sam |date=28 October 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204134837/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/28/sport/carlos-sainz-mexican-grand-prix-f1-spt-intl/index.html |archive-date=4 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Na 'n podium in die [[2024 São Paulo Grand Prix|São Paulo naelren]],<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/nov/02/norris-wins-brazil-gp-sprint-race-after-piastri-cedes-lead-under-team-orders |title=Norris wins São Paulo GP sprint to narrow gap as Verstappen hit with penalty |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=2 November 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241126215747/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/nov/02/norris-wins-brazil-gp-sprint-race-after-piastri-cedes-lead-under-team-orders |archive-date=26 November 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> het hy vyfde geëindig in die reëngeteisterde Grand Prix te midde van enjinprestasieprobleme en 'n strategiefout.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/sainz-cannot-explain-sao-paulo-crashes-as-leclerc-admits-sao-paulo-was.il6XaXBGLr7lkmstHuSol |title=Sainz 'cannot explain' São Paulo crashes as Leclerc admits weekend was 'damage limitation' for Ferrari |date=4 November 2024 |website=Formula 1 |access-date=15 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129072326/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/sainz-cannot-explain-sao-paulo-crashes-as-leclerc-admits-sao-paulo-was.il6XaXBGLr7lkmstHuSol |archive-date=29 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> ná 'n vierde plek in [[2024 Las Vegas Grand Prix|Las Vegas]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13259854/charles-leclerc-ferrari-driver-hits-out-at-team-in-expletive-laden-radio-rant-at-las-vegas-grand-prix |title=Charles Leclerc: Ferrari driver hits out at team in expletive-laden radio rant at Las Vegas Grand Prix |date=24 November 2024 |website=Sky Sports |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211215057/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13259854/charles-leclerc-ferrari-driver-hits-out-at-team-in-expletive-laden-radio-rant-at-las-vegas-grand-prix |archive-date=11 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> het Leclerc die seisoen voltooi met podiumplekke by die [[2024 Katarse Grand Prix|Katarse]] en [[2024 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi Grands Prix]], nadat hy laasgenoemde in die negentiende plek begin het.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2024/12/01/qatar-grand-prix-2024-f1-live-russell-verstappen0/ |url-access=registration |title=Lando Norris apologises for 'f------ up' Qatar GP as McLaren hit out at FIA penalty |last=Cary |first=Tom |date=1 December 2024 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=1 December 2024 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223122020/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2024/12/01/qatar-grand-prix-2024-f1-live-russell-verstappen0/ |archive-date=23 December 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="AS2024"/> Hy het die seisoen derde in die kampioenskap geëindig met 356 punte - 81 agter kampioen Verstappen, 18 agter Norris, en 66 voor spanmaat Sainz in die vyfde plek;<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/the-top-10-f1-drivers-of-2024/ |title=The top 10 F1 drivers of 2024 |last=Parkes |first=Ian |date=19 December 2024 |website=Goodwood Road & Racing |access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250113190249/https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/the-top-10-f1-drivers-of-2024/ |archive-date=13 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/end-of-year-report-ferrari-a-huge-step-forward-in-a-successful-season-but.3WHiu8Kv6fNZVw3DNswyls |title=End of Year Report: Ferrari – A 'huge step forward' in a successful season, but can they improve further in 2025? |last=Francis |first=Anna |date=23 December 2024 |website=Formula 1 |access-date=15 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129052714/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/end-of-year-report-ferrari-a-huge-step-forward-in-a-successful-season-but.3WHiu8Kv6fNZVw3DNswyls |archive-date=29 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> hy het die res van die veld sedert die somervakansie af oortref,<ref name="AS2024"/> en drie oorwinnings uit 13 podiumplekke behaal.<ref name="interview">{{Cite web |url=https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/interview-charles-leclerc-on-hamilton-and-being-ready-for-the-championship/ |title=Interview: Charles Leclerc on Hamilton and being "ready for the championship" |last=Parkes |first=Ian |date=14 January 2025 |website=Goodwood Road & Racing|access-date=13 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118163548/https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/interview-charles-leclerc-on-hamilton-and-being-ready-for-the-championship/ |archive-date=18 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
==== 2025–2026: Spanmaat van Hamilton ====
[[Lêer:FIA F1 Imola 2025 No. 16 Leclerc (2).jpg|duimnael|regs|Leclerc (hier afgeneem tydens die 2025 Emilia-Romagna GP) is [[Lewis Hamilton]] se nuwe spanmaat sedert 2025.]]
Leclerc is in 2025 as die sewemalige Wêreldbestuurderskampioen [[Lewis Hamilton]] se spanmaat gekies.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5243409/2024/02/01/lewis-hamilton-ferrari-mercedes/ |title=Lewis Hamilton to join Ferrari in shock switch from Mercedes |last=Smith |first=Luke |date=1 February 2024 |work=The Athletic |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1553-8095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129012423/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5243409/2024/02/01/lewis-hamilton-ferrari-mercedes/ |archive-date=29 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Voor die seisoen het Leclerc gesê dat hy "gereed was om die kampioenskap te wen",<ref name="interview"/> met Ferrari wat na verwagting [[McLaren]] sou uitdaag.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/f1-2025-news-season-predictions-australia-gp-b2708153.html |title=F1 2025 season predictions: Who will win, Hamilton vs Leclerc and the biggest shock? |last=Jackson |first=Kieran |date=4 March 2025 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=4 March 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250305140557/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/f1-2025-news-season-predictions-australia-gp-b2708153.html |archive-date=5 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Hy het agtste geëindig by 'n nat [[2025 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese Grand Prix]] na 'n strategiese fout,<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.autoweek.com/racing/formula-1/a64197404/ferrari-falters-in-f1-opener-as-rain-shakes-up-melbourne-race/ |title=Ferrari Falters in F1 Opener as Rain Shakes Up Melbourne Race |last=Horton |first=Phillip |date=16 March 2025 |magazine=[[Autoweek]] |access-date=17 March 2025 |issn=0192-9674 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317005105/https://www.autoweek.com/racing/formula-1/a64197404/ferrari-falters-in-f1-opener-as-rain-shakes-up-melbourne-race/ |archive-date=17 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
en is van die vyfde plek in [[2025 Chinese Grand Prix|China]] gediskwalifiseer nadat sy SF-25 ondermassa bevind is.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/lewis-hamilton-and-charles-leclerc-disqualified-from-chinese-gp-in-ferrari-f1-calamity-b2720061.html |title=Lewis Hamilton and Charles Leclerc disqualified from Chinese GP in F1 calamity for Ferrari |last=Jackson |first=Kieran |date=23 March 2025 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=23 March 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323122547/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/lewis-hamilton-and-charles-leclerc-disqualified-from-chinese-gp-in-ferrari-f1-calamity-b2720061.html |archive-date=23 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het vierde geëindig by beide die [[2025 Japannese Grand Prix|Japannese]] en [[2025 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahreinse Grands Prix]] te midde van prestasieprobleme,<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.si.com/fannation/racing/f1briefings/news/what-causes-f1-cars-to-spark-japanese-grand-prix-fires-explained-01jr22j8kzae |title=Charles Leclerc Calls Japan Race "Annoying" as Ferrari Struggle |last=Espinal |first=Nelson |date=6 April 2025 |magazine=Sports Illustrated |access-date=6 April 2025 |issn=0038-822X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406184705/https://www.si.com/fannation/racing/f1briefings/news/charles-leclerc-calls-japan-race-annoying-as-ferrari-struggle-01jr5bybrtch |archive-date=6 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/ferraris-performance-a-snowball-effect-of-problems-says-leclerc/10713049/ |title=Ferrari's performance "a snowball effect" of problems, says Charles Leclerc |last=Harrington |first=Alex |date=13 April 2025 |website=Motorsport.com |publisher=Motorsport Network |access-date=14 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414010802/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/ferraris-performance-a-snowball-effect-of-problems-says-leclerc/10713049/ |archive-date=14 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> voordat hy sy eerste podium van die seisoen met die derde plek in [[2025 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|Saoedi-Arabië]] behaal het.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.autoweek.com/racing/formula-1/a64534559/formula-1-saudi-arabian-grand-prix-charles-leclerc-ferrari-first-f1-podium/ |title=Formula 1 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix: Charles Leclerc Gives Ferrari Its First F1 Podium of 2025 |last=Horton |first=Phillip |date=20 April 2025 |magazine=[[Autoweek]] |access-date=21 April 2025 |issn=0192-9674 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421020753/https://www.autoweek.com/racing/formula-1/a64534559/formula-1-saudi-arabian-grand-prix-charles-leclerc-ferrari-first-f1-podium/ |archive-date=21 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het tydens die verkenningsrondte vir die [[2025 Miami Grand Prix|Miami Grand Prix-naelren]] op 'n waterplas gegly en teen die versperrings vasgery, en later agtste gekwalifiseer vir die hoofren, waar hy sewende geëindig het.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-ferrari-f1-car-is-too-slow-after-disappointing-miami-quali/10719556/ |title=Leclerc: Ferrari F1 car is too slow after disappointing Miami quali |last=Cleeren |first=Filip |date=3 May 2025 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=Motorsport Network |access-date=3 May 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504174538/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-ferrari-f1-car-is-too-slow-after-disappointing-miami-quali/10719556/ |archive-date=4 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/lewis-hamilton-charles-leclerc-ferrari-miami-gp-b2744994.html |title='No bad feelings' between Ferrari drivers after Miami GP radio spat, says Charles Leclerc |last=Clifford |first=Flo |date=5 May 2025 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=24 May 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506150337/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/lewis-hamilton-charles-leclerc-ferrari-miami-gp-b2744994.html |archive-date=6 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Hy het van elfde na vierde in [[2025 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|Emilia-Romagna]] geklim voordat 'n laat veiligheidsmotor hom tot sesde laat val het op verouderde bande — 85 punte agter die kampioenskapleier Oscar Piastri; Leclerc het gesê hy "kon nie die situasie aanvaar waarin [Ferrari] was nie".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ferrari.com/en-GQ/formula1/articles/emilia-romagna-grand-prix-2025-race |title=Race recap: Lewis fourth, Charles sixth |date=18 May 2025 |website=[[Scuderia Ferrari]] |publisher=[[Ferrari]] |access-date=24 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524185236/https://www.ferrari.com/en-GQ/formula1/articles/emilia-romagna-grand-prix-2025-race |archive-date=24 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/frustrated-charles-leclerc-cannot-accept-the-situation-at-ferrari/10724240/ |title=Frustrated Leclerc "cannot accept" the situation at Ferrari |last=Hunt |first=Ben |date=18 May 2025 |website=[[Autosport]] |access-date=24 May 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518193504/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/frustrated-charles-leclerc-cannot-accept-the-situation-at-ferrari/10724240/ |archive-date=18 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="MS2025">{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/mark-hughes-leclerc-is-senna-like-at-monaco-but-his-ferraris-a-dud/ |url-access=registration |title=Mark Hughes: 'Leclerc is Senna-like at Monaco but his Ferrari's a dud' |last=Hughes |first=Mark |date=28 May 2025 |magazine=Motor Sport |access-date=30 May 2025 |issn=0027-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530054421/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/mark-hughes-leclerc-is-senna-like-at-monaco-but-his-ferraris-a-dud/ |archive-date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ferrari het in [[2025 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] verbeter met Leclerc wat tweede gekwalifiseer, asook tweede geëindig het;<ref name="MS2025">{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/mark-hughes-leclerc-is-senna-like-at-monaco-but-his-ferraris-a-dud/ |url-access=registration |title=Mark Hughes: 'Leclerc is Senna-like at Monaco but his Ferrari's a dud' |last=Hughes |first=Mark |date=28 May 2025 |magazine=Motor Sport |access-date=30 May 2025 |issn=0027-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530054421/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/mark-hughes-leclerc-is-senna-like-at-monaco-but-his-ferraris-a-dud/ |archive-date=30 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> hy het toe derde geëindig in [[2025 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]] na 'n laat veiligheidsmotor,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/01/oscar-piastri-holds-off-norris-as-mclaren-claim-one-two-in-spanish-f1-gp |title=Piastri leads McLaren one–two in Spanish F1 GP as Verstappen pays penalty |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=1 June 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=10 June 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250602093222/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/01/oscar-piastri-holds-off-norris-as-mclaren-claim-one-two-in-spanish-f1-gp |archive-date=2 June 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> vyfde in [[2025 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanada]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13385519/ferrari-had-clumsy-canadian-gp-says-nico-rosberg-as-f1-team-admit-too-many-mistakes-made-in-montreal |title=Ferrari had 'clumsy' Canadian GP says Nico Rosberg as F1 team admit 'too many mistakes' made in Montreal |date=19 June 2025 |website=Sky Sports |access-date=27 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250623111030/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13385519/ferrari-had-clumsy-canadian-gp-says-nico-rosberg-as-f1-team-admit-too-many-mistakes-made-in-montreal |archive-date=23 June 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> en weer derde in [[2025 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenryk]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-reveals-frustrating-lift-and-coast-strategy-in-lonely-austrian-gp/10738062/ |title=Charles Leclerc reveals frustrating lift and coast strategy in lonely Austrian GP |last=Mee |first=Lydia |date=30 June 2025 |website=Motorsport.com|access-date=6 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701025044/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-reveals-frustrating-lift-and-coast-strategy-in-lonely-austrian-gp/10738062/ |archive-date=1 July 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Hy was selfkrities nadat hy sesde in [[2025 Britse Grand Prix|Brittanje]] gekwalifiseer het, en toe tot veertiende geval het weens 'n verkeerde natweerstrategie.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/british-gp-2025-f1-driver-rankings-edd-straw/ |title=Edd Straw's 2025 British Grand Prix F1 driver rankings |last=Straw |first=Edd |date=7 July 2025 |website=The Race |publisher=The Race Media |access-date=24 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250708140014/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/british-gp-2025-f1-driver-rankings-edd-straw/ |archive-date=8 July 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy was vierde in die Belgiese naelren, en hy het derde gekwalifiseer en die posisie behou voor Verstappen in die nat-droë hoofren.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-ferrari-has-no-hope-of-fighting-for-f1-belgian-gp-win/10745398/ |title=Leclerc: Ferrari has no hope of fighting for F1 Belgian GP win |last=Codling |first=Stuart |date=26 July 2025 |website=[[Autosport]] |access-date=2 August 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802155028/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-ferrari-has-no-hope-of-fighting-for-f1-belgian-gp-win/10745398/ |archive-date=2 August 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het vyfde gele by die [[2025 Nederlandse Grand Prix|Nederlandse Grand Prix]] totdat 'n botsing met [[Kimi Antonelli]] by Hugenholtzbocht sy uitval veroorsaak het.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/wolff-backs-antonelli-after-leclerc-clash-we-want-him-to-go-for-moves/10755477 |title=Wolff backs Antonelli after Leclerc clash: "We want him to go for moves" |last1=Cleeren |first1=Filip |last2=Jaeggi |first2=Erwin |date=1 September 2025 |website=[[Autosport]] |access-date=3 September 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250903035258/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/wolff-backs-antonelli-after-leclerc-clash-we-want-him-to-go-for-moves/10755477/ |archive-date=3 September 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Later, in [[2025 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italië]], was hy vierde te midde van 'n vroeë stryd met die derde geplaaste Piastri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-ferraris-best-shot-at-2025-f1-victory-comes-at-these-three-grands-prix/10757558 |title=Charles Leclerc: Ferrari's best shot at 2025 F1 victory comes at these three grands prix |last=Mee |first=Lydia |date=7 September 2025 |website=Motorsport.com |access-date=8 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250908222032/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-ferraris-best-shot-at-2025-f1-victory-comes-at-these-three-grands-prix/10757558/ |archive-date=8 September 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het 'n verrassende voorste wegspringplek in Hongarye behaal,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6532103/2025/08/02/charles-leclerc-pole-f1-hungarian-grand-prix-2025/ |title=How Charles Leclerc snared shock Ferrari Hungary pole: 'Today, I don't understand F1' |last=Smith |first=Luke |date=2 August 2025 |work=The Athletic |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=3 August 2025 |issn=1553-8095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802213052/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6532103/2025/08/02/charles-leclerc-pole-f1-hungarian-grand-prix-2025/ |archive-date=2 August 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> waar hy die grootste deel van die wedren gelei het voordat hy tot vierde teruggesak het nadat hy opstelprobleme ondervind het.<ref name="HUN25">{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-explains-how-undriveable-ferrari-cost-him-hungary-f1-win/10748206/ |title=Leclerc explains how "undriveable" Ferrari F1 car cost him Hungarian GP win |last1=Vinel |first1=Ben |last2=Karpov |first2=Oleg |date=3 August 2025 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=Motorsport Network |access-date=3 August 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250803170241/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-explains-how-undriveable-ferrari-cost-him-hungary-f1-win/10748206/ |archive-date=3 August 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Hy het in [[2025 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Azerbeidjan]] tydens die kwalifiseringsproses uitgeval en negende geëindig,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-cites-power-unit-glitch-for-subdued-azerbaijan-gp-start/10761419 |title=Charles Leclerc cites power unit glitch for subdued Azerbaijan GP start |last1=Harrington |first1=Alex |last2=Karpov |first2=Oleg |date=21 September 2025 |website=Motorsport.com |access-date=25 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250925232722/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-cites-power-unit-glitch-for-subdued-azerbaijan-gp-start/10761419 |archive-date=25 September 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> voordat hy sesde in [[2025 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoer]] geëindig het te midde van toenemende kommer oor die SF-25.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/46507017/leclerc-downbeat-singapore-passengers-car |title=Leclerc downbeat after Singapore: We're 'passengers to the car' |last=Saunders |first=Nate |date=6 October 2025 |website=[[ESPN]] |access-date=25 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251008102745/https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/46507017/leclerc-downbeat-singapore-passengers-car |archive-date=8 October 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Na 'n vyfde plek in die [[2025 Verenigde State Grand Prix|Verenigde State se naelren]] het hy die derde plek in die Grand Prix behou na 'n renlange stryd om tweede met [[Lando Norris]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.silverstone.co.uk/news/f1-2025-united-states-grand-prix-results-hunt-verstappen-claims-maximum-points-austin |title=F1 2025 United States Grand Prix results: The hunt is on as Verstappen claims maximum points in Austin |date=20 October 2025 |website=[[Silverstone-renbaan]] |publisher=British Racing Drivers' Club |access-date=25 October 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251025214517/https://www.silverstone.co.uk/news/f1-2025-united-states-grand-prix-results-hunt-verstappen-claims-maximum-points-austin |archive-date=25 October 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sy voorste ry-wegspring in [[2025 Meksikostad Grand Prix|Meksikostad]] het 'n omstrede eerste draai-ontmoeting met Norris, Hamilton en Verstappen voorafgegaan, waar Leclerc tweede behou het nadat hy na die afloopgebied ontwyk het en 'n laat Verstappen-aanval weerstaan het.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6751859/2025/10/26/mexico-city-grand-prix-briefing-norris-wins-bearman-impresses-disaster-for-hamilton |title=Mexico City Grand Prix briefing: Norris wins, Bearman impresses, disaster for Hamilton |last1=Coleman |first1=Madeline |last2=Smith |first2=Luke |date=26 October 2025 |work=The Athletic |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=30 October 2025 |issn=1553-8095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251030112816/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6751859/2025/10/26/mexico-city-grand-prix-briefing-norris-wins-bearman-impresses-disaster-for-hamilton/ |archive-date=30 October 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Hy het vyfde plek in die [[2025 São Paulo Grand Prix|São Paulo-naelren]] behaal voordat hy van derde in die Grand Prix uitgeval het te midde van 'n botsing met Antonelli en Piastri by die Senna 'S'.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/ferrari-is-too-slow-on-straights-but-hamilton-and-leclerc-cant-explain-it-at-brazil-gp/10774971 |title=Ferrari is too slow on straights, but Hamilton and Leclerc can't explain it at Brazil GP |last=Vinel |first=Ben |date=8 November 2025 |website=[[Autosport]] |access-date=10 November 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251110130321/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/ferrari-is-too-slow-on-straights-but-hamilton-and-leclerc-cant-explain-it-at-brazil-gp/10774971/ |archive-date=10 November 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-retires-with-damage-from-brazil-grand-prix-as-oscar-piastri-given-penalty/10775435 |title=Charles Leclerc retires with damage from Brazil Grand Prix as Oscar Piastri receives penalty |last=Harrington |first=Alex |date=9 November 2025 |website=Motorsport.com |access-date=10 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251110130324/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/charles-leclerc-retires-with-damage-from-brazil-grand-prix-as-oscar-piastri-given-penalty/10775435/ |archive-date=10 November 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Intra-span-konflik het vererger toe Leclerc en Hamilton 'n openbare vete met voorsitter [[John Elkann]] aangegaan het toe hulle tot vierde in die Wêreldkonstruktorskampioenskap geval het.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/hamilton-and-leclerc-free-to-publicly-criticise-ferrari-f1-team-vasseur/10783475/ |title=Hamilton and Leclerc free to publicly criticise Ferrari F1 team – Vasseur |last1=Hardy |first1=Ed |last2=Codling |first2=Stuart |date=10 December 2025 |website=[[Autosport]]|access-date=12 December 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212004811/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/hamilton-and-leclerc-free-to-publicly-criticise-ferrari-f1-team-vasseur/10783475/ |archive-date=12 December 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Ferrari—wat die SF-25-projek vroeg in die seisoen laat vaar het—het gesien hoe hul prestasie verder agteruitgaan oor die laaste drie Grands Prix.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/charles-leclerc-ferrari-f1-warning-2026/ |title=Leclerc's 'now or never' F1 warning to Ferrari |last=Noble |first=Jon |date=10 December 2025 |website=The Race |publisher=The Race Media |access-date=12 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212005008/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/charles-leclerc-ferrari-f1-warning-2026/ |archive-date=12 December 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="QAT25">{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/hamilton-and-leclerc-left-speechless-by-zero-performance-in-qatar-gp-qualifying-disaster/10781045/ |title=Hamilton and Leclerc left speechless by "zero performance" in Qatar GP qualifying disaster |last=Vinel |first=Ben |date=29 November 2025 |website=Autosport |access-date=12 December 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212005122/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/hamilton-and-leclerc-left-speechless-by-zero-performance-in-qatar-gp-qualifying-disaster/10781045/ |archive-date=12 December 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="QAT25"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-ferrari-f1-car-so-difficult-its-in-the-wall-or-through-q1/10782894/ |title=Leclerc: Ferrari F1 car so difficult it's "in the wall or through Q1" |last1=Hardy |first1=Ed |last2=Vording |first2=Ronald |date=6 December 2025 |website=Autosport|access-date=12 December 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212005206/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-ferrari-f1-car-so-difficult-its-in-the-wall-or-through-q1/10782894/ |archive-date=12 December 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het vierde in [[2025 Las Vegas Grand Prix|Las Vegas]] geëindig na 'n dubbele [[McLaren]]-diskwalifikasie, agtste in [[2025 Katarse Grand Prix|Katar]] na verskeie uitwykings in sy dertiende plek in die naelren, en vierde in [[2025 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi]] toe hy druk op die aangewese kampioen Norris geplaas het; hy het vier plekke voor spanmaat Hamilton in elke wedren geëindig.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/ferrari-lost-a-good-opportunity-to-do-something-special-in-las-vegas-gp.2E2vUC6WiAQR4PIP4bqF1Z |title=Ferrari 'lost a good opportunity to do something special' in Las Vegas GP – Leclerc |date=23 November 2025 |website=Formula 1|access-date=12 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212005424/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/ferrari-lost-a-good-opportunity-to-do-something-special-in-las-vegas-gp.2E2vUC6WiAQR4PIP4bqF1Z |archive-date=12 December 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/norris-takes-2025-f1-title-as-verstappen-wins-abu-dhabi-gp/ |url-access=registration |title=Norris takes 2025 F1 title as Verstappen wins Abu Dhabi GP |last=Elizalde |first=Pablo |date=7 December 2025 |magazine=Motor Sport |access-date=12 December 2025 |issn=0027-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212005551/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/norris-takes-2025-f1-title-as-verstappen-wins-abu-dhabi-gp/ |archive-date=12 December 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Leclerc het sy veldtog, en die grond-effek-era, vyfde algeheel afgesluit met 242 punte—86 voor Hamilton in die sesde plek—met sewe podiumplekke teenoor Hamilton se nul, wie hy by 19 van 24 Grands Prix oortref het.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/cy95n27g873o |title=What next after Hamilton's 'nightmare' year? |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=11 December 2025 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |access-date=12 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212005624/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/articles/cy95n27g873o |archive-date=12 December 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Voor die nuwe onderstel- en krageenheidregulasies in [[2026 Formule Een-seisoen|2026]] het Leclerc gesê "dit is nou of nooit" vir sy vooruitsig van 'n Wêreldbestuurderskampioenskap met Ferrari.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6874596/2025/12/09/f1-offseason-2026-rules/ |title=Why F1's 2026 rules overhaul will make the winter offseason a frenzy |last=Smith |first=Luke |date=9 December 2025 |work=The Athletic |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=12 December 2025 |issn=1553-8095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251212005712/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6874596/2025/12/09/f1-offseason-2026-rules/ |archive-date=12 December 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nadat hy sterk voorseisoenvertoning met die SF-26 getoon het, het hy onmiddellik drie jaers verbygesteek om die [[2026 Australiese Grand Prix]] te lei, en George Russell, die voorloper, agter hom gehou voordat hy in 'n strategiese mislukking na die derde plek teruggeval het.
== Profiel as renjaer ==
Leclerc het 'n puik kwalifiserende geskiedenis in Formule Een, waar hy die rekord hou vir die meeste voorste wegspringplekke sonder 'n kampioenskapstitel ({{F1stat|LEC|poles}}) en die elfde meeste in die geskiedenis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/how-many-pole-positions-f1-drivers/|title=How many pole positions does each 2025 F1 driver have?|date=20 January 2025|website=The Race|publisher=The Race Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127064455/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/how-many-pole-positions-f1-drivers/|archive-date=27 January 2025|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> Hy hou ook die rekord in óf FIA Formule 2 óf sy voorganger GP2 vir die meeste voorste wegspringplekke in 'n seisoen (8).<ref name="SkyF2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11070780/charles-leclerc-crowned-2017-f2-champion|title=Charles Leclerc crowned 2017 F2 champion|last=Esler|first=William|date=8 October 2017|website=Sky Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114180156/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11070780/charles-leclerc-crowned-2017-f2-champion|archive-date=14 January 2025|access-date=18 February 2025}}</ref> Sy bestuurstyl is geneig om 'n motor met oorstuur te verkies, wat presiese mikro-korreksies en hoë draaispoed moontlik maak, wat sy kwalifiseerpas verbeter het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/the-driving-style-secrets-of-f1s-current-stars/10568984/|title=The driving style secrets of F1's current stars|last=Chandhok|first=Karun|last2=Kalinauckas|first2=Alex|date=26 January 2024|website=[[Autosport]]|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127064451/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/the-driving-style-secrets-of-f1s-current-stars/10568984/|archive-date=27 January 2025|access-date=31 January 2025}}</ref> Hy het in 2019 die jongste ontvanger van die FIA-paaltrofee geword vir die meeste voorste wegspringplekke, 'n prestasie wat hy in 2022 herhaal het.<ref name="2022analysis"/>
Kritici het opgemerk dat hy die vermoë het om sy masjinerie in kwalifiserende toestande te oortref, wat gereeld daartoe gelei het dat hy sy een-rondte pas relatief tot sy renpas oortref het en dit het bygedra tot 'n voorste wegspringplek-wen-omskakelingskoers van 18,5%.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/the-top-10-formula-1-drivers-of-2022/|title=Top 10 Formula 1 drivers of 2022 – Our verdict|last=Khorounzhiy|first=Valentin|date=25 November 2022|website=The Race|publisher=The Race Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127064451/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/the-top-10-formula-1-drivers-of-2022/|archive-date=27 January 2025|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/charles-leclerc-absurd-f1-ratio-criminally-undeserved/|title=Leclerc's absurd F1 ratio is criminally undeserved|last=Mitchell-Malm|first=Scott|last2=Suttill|first2=Josh|date=7 January 2024|website=The Race|publisher=The Race Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127064452/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/charles-leclerc-absurd-f1-ratio-criminally-undeserved/|archive-date=27 January 2025|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> Andrew Benson van ''BBC Sport'' het sy voorste rondte by die [[2019 Singapoerse Grand Prix]] as "een van die kwalifiserende prestasies van die seisoen" beskryf.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/49781160|title=Singapore GP qualifying: Charles Leclerc beats Lewis Hamilton to pole|last=Benson|first=Andrew|date=21 September 2019|work=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=13 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211074709/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/49781160|archive-date=11 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
Na sy agtereenvolgende voorste-posisies by die [[2021 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] en [[2021 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Azerbeidjanse Grands Prix]] in 2021, het sy destydse spanmaat [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] Leclerc as die beste kwalifiseerder in Formule Een beskryf.<ref name="TR21">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/sainz-claims-leclerc-is-f1s-best-qualifier-our-verdict/|title=Sainz claims Leclerc is F1's 'best qualifier' – Our verdict|last=Suttill|first=Josh|date=17 June 2021|website=The Race|publisher=The Race Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128134945/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/sainz-claims-leclerc-is-f1s-best-qualifier-our-verdict/|archive-date=28 January 2025|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> Edd Straw van ''The Race'' het opgemerk dat "as jy praat van 'n bestuurder wat konsekwent die laaste greintjie prestasie uit 'n motor kan haal, ongeag sy beperkings, en suksesvol op die rand kan leef tydens 'n lewendige kwalifiserende rondte, dan hoef jy nie verder as [Leclerc] te soek nie", en dat "sy bereidwilligheid om op of selfs effens oor die limiet te gaan, getemper deur sy uitstekende motorbeheer wanneer dinge rof begin raak, hom toelaat om verstommende rondtetye te behaal, selfs uit motors wat nie goed hanteer nie."<ref name="TR21" /> Hy het sy "meedoënlose strewe na perfekte rondtes" beskryf as 'n eienskap wat Leclerc "een van die beste kwalifiseerders van alle tye" kan maak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/why-leclerc-may-go-down-as-an-all-time-f1-qualifying-great/|title=Why Leclerc may go down as an all-time F1 qualifying great|last=Straw|first=Edd|date=5 June 2022|website=The Race|publisher=The Race Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525045331/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/why-leclerc-may-go-down-as-an-all-time-f1-qualifying-great/|archive-date=25 May 2024|access-date=26 March 2025}}</ref> Laurence Edmondson van ''[[ESPN]]'' het sy voorste rondte by die [[2022 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix]] as sy "nuutste voorbeeld van sy uiterste presisie en meesterlike spoed" beskryf, en bygevoeg dat hy "ongetwyfeld 'n aanspraak maak op die titel van Formule Een se vinnigste jaer oor 'n enkele rondte"; hy het sy vermoë geprys om die vinnigste rondtes konsekwent te behaal terwyl hy die druk van 'n titelgeveg hanteer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/34075200/is-charles-leclerc-fastest-driver-f1|title=Is Charles Leclerc the fastest driver in F1?|last=Edmondson|first=Laurence|last2=Saunders|first2=Nate|date=11 June 2022|website=[[ESPN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250212045527/https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/34075200/is-charles-leclerc-fastest-driver-f1|archive-date=12 February 2025|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> Sy voorste rondte by die [[2025 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongaarse Grand Prix]] daardie jaar – waar hy die dominante McLaren MCL39 verbygesteek het – is as "sensasioneel" beskryf.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/analysis-where-leclerc-found-his-hungary-f1-pole-advantage-and-where-mclaren-lost-its-pace/10747891/|title=Analysis: Where Leclerc found his Hungary F1 pole advantage, and where McLaren lost its pace|last=Boxall-Legge|first=Jake|date=2 August 2025|website=[[Autosport]]|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250803174238/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/analysis-where-leclerc-found-his-hungary-f1-pole-advantage-and-where-mclaren-lost-its-pace/10747891/|archive-date=3 August 2025|access-date=3 August 2025}}</ref> [[Martin Brundle]] het gemeen dat hy die vinnigste onder die 2023 jaers was.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/24096/13017491/martin-brundle-assessing-the-abu-dhabi-gp-and-delivering-the-verdict-on-formula-1s-2023-season|title=Martin Brundle: Assessing the Abu Dhabi GP and delivering the verdict on Formula 1's 2023 season|last=Brundle|first=Martin|date=28 November 2023|website=Sky Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214111034/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/24096/13017491/martin-brundle-assessing-the-abu-dhabi-gp-and-delivering-the-verdict-on-formula-1s-2023-season|archive-date=14 February 2025|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref>
=== Renmotors ===
[[Lêer:Ferrari's_Charles_Leclerc_battles_for_the_podium_with_Mercedes'_Lewis_Hamilton_at_the_2022_British_Grand_Prix_at_Silverstone._(52196620083)_(cropped).jpg|alt=Leclerc racing against Lewis Hamilton at the 2022 British Grand Prix|links|duimnael|Leclerc ''(agter)'' jaag teen [[Lewis Hamilton]] ''(voor)'' tydens die [[2022 Britse Grand Prix]]]]
Kritici het kennis geneem van Leclerc se bekwaamheid in wiel-tot-wiel-renne.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2018/sep/12/charles-leclerc-ferrari-sauber-rookie|title=Charles Leclerc looks like a gamble by Ferrari – but he's not|last=Richards|first=Giles|date=12 September 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=16 February 2025|issn=1756-3224|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231023055108/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2018/sep/12/charles-leclerc-ferrari-sauber-rookie|archive-date=23 October 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Nadat hy die voortou van die [[2019 Oostenrykse Grand Prix]] aan [[Max Verstappen]] in die laaste rondtes afgestaan het, het Leclerc beweer dat Verstappen se skuif "nie die manier was waarop jy verbysteek nie" en dat hy sy aggressie vorentoe sou aanpas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-verstappen-austrian-gp-pass-not-the-way-you-overtake-4991839/4991839/|title=Leclerc: Verstappen Austrian GP pass "not the way you overtake"|last=Mitchell|first=Scott|last2=Nimmervoll|first2=Christian|date=30 June 2019|website=[[Autosport]]|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529033859/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-verstappen-austrian-gp-pass-not-the-way-you-overtake-4991839/4991839/|archive-date=29 May 2023|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref><ref name="AUT19"/> Die [[2019 Britse Grand Prix|volgende wedren]] het hy Verstappen in 'n harde stryd om derde plek geklop, wat Vijay Pattni van ''Top Gear'' opgesom het as "heilige koeie, wat 'n geveg. Albei jonges het hul motors na mekaar gegooi, albei het geweier om enige spasie toe te laat, en albei het – wonderbaarlik – vermy om te bots."<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/formula-one/2019-british-gp-was-ace-because-verstappen-vs-leclerc |title=The 2019 British GP was ace because Verstappen vs Leclerc |last=Pattni |first=Vijay |date=15 July 2019 |magazine=Top Gear |publisher=Immediate Media Company |access-date=16 February 2025 |issn=1350-9624 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808161820/https://www.topgear.com/car-news/formula-one/2019-british-gp-was-ace-because-verstappen-vs-leclerc |archive-date=8 August 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Leclerc het verklaar dat dit "die meeste pret is wat hy ooit in Formule Een]gehad het",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-declares-battling-silverstone-drive-the-most-fun-ive-had-in-f1.1YYTgHj5hME1kPfeOoDu4O|title=Leclerc declares battling Silverstone drive 'the most fun I've had in F1'|date=14 July 2019|website=Formula 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210232149/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-declares-battling-silverstone-drive-the-most-fun-ive-had-in-f1.1YYTgHj5hME1kPfeOoDu4O|archive-date=10 December 2024|access-date=16 February 2025}}</ref> terwyl Verstappen bygevoeg het: "Ek dink hy was nog 'n bietjie seer van Oostenryk, so hy het baie hard verdedig, maar dis goed, ek is heeltemal daarvoor".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/robust-leclerc-still-sore-after-austria-formula-1-clash-verstappen-4991215/4991215/|title=Robust Leclerc still 'sore' after Austria Formula 1 clash – Verstappen|last=Noble|first=Jonathan|date=15 July 2019|website=[[Autosport]]|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902061233/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/robust-leclerc-still-sore-after-austria-formula-1-clash-verstappen-4991215/4991215/|archive-date=2 September 2022|access-date=16 February 2025}}</ref> Hy het die bynaam ''il Predestinato'' in die Italiaanse media gekry nadat hy sy voorsprong by die [[2019 Italiaanse Grand Prix]] teen beide [[Lewis Hamilton]] en [[Valtteri Bottas]] verdedig het. Hy is geprys vir sy eerste draai-verbysteek op Bottas by die [[2021 Spaanse Grand Prix]],<ref name="2021ESP1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12302112/charles-leclerc-delighted-with-standout-and-amazing-ferrari-after-superb-fourth-at-spanish-gp|title=Charles Leclerc delighted with 'standout' and 'amazing' Ferrari after superb fourth at Spanish GP|date=9 May 2021|website=Sky Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130022357/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12302112/charles-leclerc-delighted-with-standout-and-amazing-ferrari-after-superb-fourth-at-spanish-gp|archive-date=30 January 2025|access-date=7 February 2025}}</ref> met Jonathan Noble van ''Motorsport.com'' wat die skuif as "sensasioneel" beskryf het.<ref name="2021ESP2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-bottas-sensational-overtake-barcelona/6506044/|title=F1: Leclerc explains sensational Bottas pass in Barcelona|last=Noble|first=Jonathan|date=10 May 2021|website=Motorsport.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130021743/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/leclerc-bottas-sensational-overtake-barcelona/6506044/|archive-date=30 January 2025|access-date=7 February 2025}}</ref>
Leclerc het lof ontvang vir sy stryd met Verstappen tydens die [[2022 Bahreinse Grand Prix]], waar hy bekend was vir sy effektiewe gebruik van die [[sleurverminderingstelsel]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/max-is-aggressive-but-so-am-i-how-leclerc-made-his-point/|title='Max is aggressive, but so am I' – How Leclerc made his point|last=Mitchell-Malm|first=Scott|date=21 March 2022|website=The Race|publisher=The Race Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213094906/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/max-is-aggressive-but-so-am-i-how-leclerc-made-his-point/|archive-date=13 February 2025|access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-bahrain-gp-leclerc-leads-ferrari-1-2-red-bull-challenge-implodes/9167868/|title=F1 Bahrain GP: Leclerc leads Ferrari 1–2, Red Bull challenge implodes|last=Kalinauckas|first=Alex|date=20 March 2022|website=[[Autosport]]|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127070229/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-bahrain-gp-leclerc-leads-ferrari-1-2-red-bull-challenge-implodes/9167868/|archive-date=27 January 2025|access-date=16 February 2025}}</ref> Hy is deur Hamilton geprys na hul stryd tydens die [[2022 Britse Grand Prix]], waar Leclerc hom aan die buitekant van ''[[Silverstone-renbaan|Copse]]'' op ouer bande verbygesteek het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/24181/12645434/lewis-hamilton-aims-max-verstappen-dig-after-sensible-charles-leclerc-fight-at-british-gp|title=Lewis Hamilton aims Max Verstappen dig after 'sensible' Charles Leclerc fight at British GP|date=5 July 2022|website=Sky Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206210101/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/24181/12645434/lewis-hamilton-aims-max-verstappen-dig-after-sensible-charles-leclerc-fight-at-british-gp|archive-date=6 February 2025|access-date=16 February 2025}}</ref> Alex Kalinauckas van ''[[Autosport]]'' het sy renvaardigheid na die 2024-seisoen geprys en verskeie gevalle van sy verdedigende bestuur teen vinniger masjinerie uitgelig, sowel as 'n verbysteek van [[George Russell]] tydens die [[2024 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese Grand Prix]].<ref name="AS2024">{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/general/news/autosport-top-50-of-2024-2-charles-leclerc/10683383/|title=Autosport Top 50 of 2024: #2 Charles Leclerc|last=Kalinauckas|first=Alex|date=19 December 2024|website=[[Autosport]]|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130164306/https://www.autosport.com/general/news/autosport-top-50-of-2024-2-charles-leclerc/10683383/|archive-date=30 January 2025|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> Hy is verder geprys vir sy bandbestuur tydens die [[2024 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italiaanse Grand Prix]].<ref name="ITA24"/> Hy is ook gekritiseer vir wedren-eindfoute gedurende sy vroeë seisoene in Formule Een, veral tydens die [[2020 Italiaanse Grand Prix|2020 Italiaanse]], [[2020 Sakhir Grand Prix|2020 Sakhir]] en [[2022 Franse Grand Prix|2022 Franse]] Grands Prix;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/leclercs-past-f1-mistakes-hint-at-how-hell-react-to-imola/|title=Leclerc's past F1 mistakes hint at how he'll react to Imola|last=Mitchell-Malm|first=Scott|date=28 April 2022|website=The Race|publisher=The Race Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614064550/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/leclercs-past-f1-mistakes-hint-at-how-hell-react-to-imola/|archive-date=14 June 2024|access-date=22 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="SAK20">{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-handed-three-place-grid-penalty-after-sakhir-gp-opening-lap-collision-4976523/4976523/|title=Leclerc handed three-place grid penalty after Sakhir GP opening lap collision|last=Noble|first=Jonathan|date=6 December 2020|website=[[Autosport]]|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528133409/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-handed-three-place-grid-penalty-after-sakhir-gp-opening-lap-collision-4976523/4976523/|archive-date=28 May 2023|access-date=28 January 2025}}</ref> Hy is verder gestraf vir die veroorsaak van 'n botsing met Verstappen tydens die [[2019 Japannese Grand Prix]] en vir die onreëlmatige verdediging teen Russell tydens die [[2025 Hongaarse Grand Prix]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/27833451/verstappen-slams-stewards-irresponsible-leclerc|title=Verstappen slams stewards and 'irresponsible' Leclerc|date=13 October 2019|website=[[ESPN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250128100441/https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/27833451/verstappen-slams-stewards-irresponsible-leclerc|archive-date=28 January 2025|access-date=22 February 2025}}</ref><ref name="HUN25">{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-explains-how-undriveable-ferrari-cost-him-hungary-f1-win/10748206/|title=Leclerc explains how "undriveable" Ferrari F1 car cost him Hungarian GP win|last=Vinel|first=Ben|last2=Karpov|first2=Oleg|date=3 August 2025|website=[[Autosport]]|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250803170241/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/leclerc-explains-how-undriveable-ferrari-cost-him-hungary-f1-win/10748206/|archive-date=3 August 2025|access-date=3 August 2025}}</ref> Die 1996 Wêreldbestuurderskampioen, [[Damon Hill]], het sy renmentaliteit as "wen of faal" beskryf.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/hes-got-the-ingredients-1996-world-champion-damon-hill-picks-the-title.7ompTx6dsTUE9BibGmJoBA|title='He's got the ingredients' – 1996 world champion Damon Hill picks the title winners of the future|date=1 October 2024|website=Formula 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622121607/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/hes-got-the-ingredients-1996-world-champion-damon-hill-picks-the-title.7ompTx6dsTUE9BibGmJoBA|archive-date=22 June 2025|access-date=4 August 2025}}</ref>
=== Helm ===
[[Lêer:2020_F1_Pre-Season_Testing_Catalonia_(49629040498).jpg|alt=From above, Leclerc sat in the cockpit of his Ferrari SF1000 at 2020 Formula One pre-season testing|regs|duimnael|Leclerc se 2020 helmontwerp het die vlag van Monaco omring deur sy logo in rosso corsa bevat.]]
Leclerc se helmontwerp bevat 'n basiskleur van rosso corsa met 'n Monegask-vlagstreep langs die deksel.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/2024-f1-helmet-designs-every-drivers-racing-lid-for-new-campaign/ |url-access=registration |title=2024 F1 helmet designs: Every driver's racing lid for new campaign |last=Kisby |first=Cambridge |date=22 February 2024 |magazine=Motor Sport |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=0027-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250115122345/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/2024-f1-helmet-designs-every-drivers-racing-lid-for-new-campaign/ |archive-date=15 January 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Die woorde "Papa" en "Jules" is op die kant gegraveer, ter nagedagtenis aan sy vader, Hervé Leclerc, en sy peetvader, [[Jules Bianchi]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.monaco-tribune.com/en/2025/01/f1-leclercs-new-helmet-a-tribute-to-his-family/ |title=F1: Leclerc's new helmet, a tribute to those he has lost |last=Riu |first=Anaïs |date=28 January 2025 |work=Monaco Tribune |access-date=15 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216032943/https://www.monaco-tribune.com/en/2025/01/f1-leclercs-new-helmet-a-tribute-to-his-family/ |archive-date=16 February 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het 'n volledige huldeblykhelm gedra vir beide die [[2019 Monaco Grand Prix]] en Bianchi by die [[2024 Japannese Grand Prix]], die tiende herdenking van [[2014 Japannese Grand Prix|sy noodlottige ongeluk]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/ferrari-vettel-leclerc-tribute-helmet-designs/4394616 |title=Ferrari stars pay their respects with tribute helmet designs |last1=Bradley |first1=Charles |last2=Cooper |first2=Adam |date=23 May 2019 |website=Motorsport.com |publisher=Motorsport Network |access-date=7 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803064642/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/ferrari-vettel-leclerc-tribute-helmet-designs/4394616 |archive-date=3 August 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/jules-bianchi-charles-leclerc-f1-japan-suzuka-b2523847.html |title=Jules Bianchi honoured as Charles Leclerc dons special helmet for godfather |last=Jackson |first=Kieran |date=5 April 2024 |work=The Independent |access-date=13 February 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009133716/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/jules-bianchi-charles-leclerc-f1-japan-suzuka-b2523847.html |archive-date=9 October 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Hy het voorheen 'n huldeblyk vir [[Sebastian Vettel]] gedra by die [[2020 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix]] - hul laaste wedren as spanmaats.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/russell-grosjean-and-vettel-reveal-one-off-helmet-designs-for-abu-dhabi.63dl0Gc2wM0mASvB0ZErIA |title=Russell, Grosjean, Leclerc and Vettel reveal one-off helmet designs for Abu Dhabi Grand Prix |date=11 December 2020 |website=Formula 1 |access-date=15 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808164445/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/russell-grosjean-and-vettel-reveal-one-off-helmet-designs-for-abu-dhabi.63dl0Gc2wM0mASvB0ZErIA |archive-date=8 August 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Omstredenheid het ontstaan oor sy [[Gilles Villeneuve]] -ontwerp vir die [[2023 Kanadese Grand Prix]] nadat die Villeneuve-familie beweer het dat hy nie toestemming gevra het nie; [[Jacques Villeneuve]] het egter die gebruik daarvan toegestaan in 'n mondelinge bespreking met Leclerc na die skeuring.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/villeneuve-hits-out-at-abuse-over-leclerc-f1-helmet-tribute/10484773/|title=Jacques Villeneuve hits out at abuse over Leclerc F1 helmet tribute|last=Cleeren|first=Filip|date=18 June 2023|website=[[Autosport]]|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725124208/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/villeneuve-hits-out-at-abuse-over-leclerc-f1-helmet-tribute/10484773/|archive-date=25 July 2024|access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> Hy het 'n huldeblykontwerp vir sy vertrekkende spanmaat [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] by die [[2024 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix]] gedra.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5976230/2024/12/07/ferrari-carlos-sainz-charles-leclerc-f1/ |title=The end of Ferrari's 'C<sup>2</sup>': Leclerc and Sainz's genuine F1 partnership faces its sunset in Abu Dhabi |last=Coleman |first=Madelin |date=7 December 2024 |work=The Athletic |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=17 February 2025 |issn=1553-8095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250203165839/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5976230/2024/12/07/ferrari-carlos-sainz-charles-leclerc-f1/ |archive-date=3 February 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
==Formule 1-uitslae==
[[Lêer:FIA F1 Austria 2023 Nr. 16 (1).jpg|duimnael|340px|Leclerc behaal 'n tweede plek in 'n [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari SF-23]] tydens die [[2023 Oostenrykse Grand Prix]].]]
{{F1 bestuurders resultate legende (weergawe 4)}}
{{Clear}}
<div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
|-
!Jaar
!Inskrywer
!Onderstel
!Enjin
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!Plek
!Punte
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2016 Formule Een-seisoen|2016]]
| [[Haas F1-span]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]<br/> VF-16
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 061 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 Turbo]]
| [[2016 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]
| [[2016 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]
| [[2016 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]
| [[2016 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]
| [[2016 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]
| [[2016 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]
| [[2016 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]
| [[2016 Europese Grand Prix|EUR]]
| [[2016 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]
|style="background:#F0F8FF;"| [[2016 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />{{small|TD}}
|style="background:#F0F8FF;"| [[2016 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />{{small|TD}}
|style="background:#F0F8FF;"| [[2016 Duitse Grand Prix|GER]]<br />{{small|TD}}
| [[2016 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]
| [[2016 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]
| [[2016 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]
| [[2016 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]]
| [[2016 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]
| [[2016 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]
| [[2016 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|MEX]]
|style="background:#F0F8FF;"| [[2016 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br />{{small|TD}}
| [[2016 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]
|
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''–'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''–'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2017 Formule Een-seisoen|2017]]
|[[Sauber|Sauber F1-span]]
|[[Sauber]]<br/> C36
|[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 061 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 Turbo]]
| [[2017 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]
| [[2017 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]
| [[2017 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]
| [[2017 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]
| [[2017 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]
| [[2017 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]
| [[2017 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]
| [[2017 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]
| [[2017 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]
| [[2017 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]
| [[2017 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]
| [[2017 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]
| [[2017 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]
| [[2017 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]
|style="background:#F0F8FF;"| [[2017 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]]<br />{{small|TD}}
| [[2017 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]
|style="background:#F0F8FF;"| [[2017 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br />{{small|TD}}
|style="background:#F0F8FF;"| [[2017 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|MEX]]<br />{{small|TD}}
|style="background:#F0F8FF;"| [[2017 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br />{{small|TD}}
| [[2017 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]
|
|
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''–'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''–'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2018 Formule Een-seisoen|2018]]
|[[Sauber|Alfa Romeo Sauber F1]]
|[[Sauber]]<br/> C37
|[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 062 EVO 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 Turbo]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2018 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br />{{small|13}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2018 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />{{small|12}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2018 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br />{{small|19}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br />{{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />{{small|10}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2018 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />{{small|18}}{{smallsup|†}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br />{{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br />{{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br />{{small|9}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2018 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />{{small|DNF}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2018 Duitse Grand Prix|GER]]<br />{{small|15}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2018 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />{{small|DNF}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2018 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br />{{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2018 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />{{small|11}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br />{{small|9}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br />{{small|7}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2018 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />{{small|DNF}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2018 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br />{{small|DNF}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|MEX]]<br />{{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br />{{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2018 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br />{{small|7}}
|
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''13'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''39'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2019 Formule Een-seisoen|2019]]
|[[Scuderia Ferrari]]
|[[Scuderia Ferrari]]<br/>SF90
|[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 064 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br />{{small|5}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[2019 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />3{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|f=1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br />{{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br />5{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />{{small|5}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2019 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />{{small|DNF}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[2019 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br />{{small|3}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[2019 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br />{{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[2019 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br />2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[2019 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />{{small|3}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2019 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br />{{small|DNF}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />{{small|4}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[2019 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[2019 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[2019 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br />2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[2019 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br />3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />6
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|MEX]]<br />4{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|f=1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[2019 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br />4{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2019 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br />{{small|18}}{{smallsup|†}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[2019 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br />{{small|3}}
|
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''4'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''264'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2020 Formule Een-seisoen|2020]]
|[[Scuderia Ferrari]]
|[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br/> SF1000
|[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 065 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2020 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br /><small>2</small>
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2020 Stiermarkse Grand Prix|STI]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br /><small>11</small>
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2020 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br /><small>3</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[70ste Herdenking Grand Prix|70J]]<br /><small>4</small>
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2020 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br /><small>14</small>
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2020 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Toskaanse Grand Prix|TOS]]<br /><small>8</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br /><small>6</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Eifelse Grand Prix|EIF]]<br /><small>7</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Portugese Grand Prix|POR]]<br /><small>4</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br /><small>5</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Turkse Grand Prix|TUR]]<br /><small>4</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BAH]]<br /><small>10</small>
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2020 Sakhir Grand Prix|SAK]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br /><small>13</small>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''8'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''98'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2021 Formule Een-seisoen|2021]]
|[[Scuderia Ferrari]]
|[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br/> SF21
|[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 065/6 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br />4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Portugese Grand Prix|POR]]<br />6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />4
|bgcolor=ffffff| [[2021 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br /><small>DNS</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br />4{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br />16
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Stiermarkse Grand Prix|STI]]<br />7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br />8
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2021 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br /> 2
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2021 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]‡<br />8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br />5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />4
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br />15
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Turkse Grand Prix|TUR]]<br /> 4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br /> 4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br /> 5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br /> 5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br /> 8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br /> 7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br />10
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''7'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''159'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2022 Formule Een-seisoen|2022]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari]]
| [[Ferrari]]<br/> F1-75
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 066/7 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2022 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2022 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2022 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>6
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2022 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2022 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>4{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2022 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2022 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>1
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2022 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br/><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2022 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2022 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''6'''</sup>4
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2022 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>2
|
|
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| '''{{silwer}}'''
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| '''308'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2023 Formule Een-seisoen|2023]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari]]
| [[Ferrari]]<br/> SF-23
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 066/10 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2023 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2023 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2023 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>11
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2023 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>9
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2023 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/><sup>'''5'''</sup>3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2023 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=000000 style=color:white|[[2023 Verenigde State Grand Prix|<span style=color:white;>VSA</span>]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup><small>DSQ</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2023 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=white| [[2023 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><small>DNS</small>
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2023 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2023 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>2
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''4'''
|bgcolor=efefef| '''206'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari]]
| [[Ferrari]]<br/> SF-24
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 066/12 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>3{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup>4
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>3
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2024 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2024 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2024 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/><sup>'''7'''</sup>11
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2024 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>14
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2024 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>1
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2024 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup>1
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>3{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/><sup>'''5'''</sup>2
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=ffdf9f|'''{{brons}}'''
|bgcolor=ffdf9f|'''356'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2025 Formule Een-seisoen|2025]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari]]
| [[Ferrari]]<br/> SF-25
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 066/12 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=000000 style=color:white| [[2025 Chinese Grand Prix|<span style=color:white;>CHN</span>]]<br/><sup>'''5'''</sup><small>DSQ</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2025 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>14
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2025 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>9
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/><sup>'''5'''</sup>3
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2025 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''5'''</sup><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>4{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=efefef|'''5'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''242'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2026 Formule Een-seisoen|2026]]*
| [[Scuderia Ferrari]]
| [[Ferrari]]<br/> SF-26
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 067/6 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2026 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>4
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2026 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/><sup>'''5'''</sup>4
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2026 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2026 Barcelona-Katalonië Grand Prix|BKT]]<br/>15
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2026 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/><sup>'''5'''</sup>1
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2026 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>4{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>{{0}}
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''{{F1stat|LEC|seasonposition}}'''*
|bgcolor=efefef|'''{{F1stat|LEC|seasonpoints}}'''*
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
!Jaar
!Inskrywer
!Onderstel
!Enjin
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!Plek
!Punte
|}</div>
* † Kon nie die ren voltooi nie, maar is geklassifiseer omrede hy meer as 90% van die wedrenafstand afgelê het.
* ‡ In België is halwe punte toegeken in 2021, weens 'n verkorte wedren na hewige reën.
* '''*''' Seisoen is nog aan die gang.
== Notas ==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|3}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Leclerc, Charles}}
[[Kategorie:Monegaske]]
[[Kategorie:Formule Een-renjaers]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1997]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
2pwm5r8uk1yumerbwx7fum3cp8tc6ma
Baanhelling
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InternetArchiveBot
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[[Lêer:Orbit1 af.svg|duimnael|300px|Fig. 1: ’n Voorbeeld van inklinasie '''''i''''' (groen) en ander wentelparameters.]]
'''Baanhelling''' of '''wentelinklinasie''' meet die helling van ’n voorwerp se [[wentelbaan]] om ’n [[hemelliggaam]]. Dit word uitgedruk as die hoek tussen ’n verwysingsvlak en die wentelvlak of rigtingsas van die wentelende liggaam.
As ’n satelliet reg bo die [[ewenaar]] om die [[Aarde]] wentel, is die vlak van die satelliet se wentelbaan dieselfde as die Aarde se ewenaarvlak, en die satelliet se baanhelling is dus 0°. Gewoonlik is die wentelvlak van ’n liggaam gekantel en bring die liggaam die helfte van sy wentelbaan in die noordelike halfrond en die ander helfte in die suidelike halfrond deur. As die wentelbaan wissel tussen die [[Breedtegraad|breedtegrade]] 20° noord en 20° suid, is die baanhelling 20°.
== Wentelbane ==
Die baanhelling is een van ses elemente wat die vorm en oriëntasie van ’n wentelbaan beskryf. Dit is die hoek tussen die wentel- en die verwysingsvlak en word gewoonlik in grade uitgedruk. Wanneer ’n satelliet om ’n [[planeet]] wentel, is die planeet se ewenaarvlak gewoonlik die verwysingsvlak. Vir planete in die [[Sonnestelsel]] is die verwysingsvlak gewoonlik die [[sonnebaan]], die vlak waarop die Aarde om die [[Son]] wentel.<ref>{{cite book
| first=Vladimir A. | last=Chobotov | date=2002
| title=Orbital Mechanics | pages=28–30;
| edition=3rd | publisher=AIAA | isbn=1-56347-537-5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| author=McBride, Neil
| author2=Bland, Philip A.
| author3=Gilmour, Iain
| title=An Introduction to the Solar System | date=2004
| page=248 | publisher=Cambridge University Press
| isbn=0-521-54620-6 }}</ref> Dit is die mees praktiese verwysingsvlak vir waarnemers op die Aarde. Daarom is die Aarde se baanhelling op grond van die definisie nul.
Inklinasie kan ook met betrekking tot ’n ander vlak gemeet word, soos die Son se ewenaar.
=== Satelliete ===
Die baanhelling van natuurlike en kunsmatige satelliete word gemeet relatief tot die ewenaarvlak van die liggaam waarom hulle wentel, as hulle naby genoeg wentel. Die ewenaarvlak is die vlak wat loodreg is met die rotasie-as van die sentrale liggaam.
Daar word uitgegaan van die veronderstelling dat ’n normale wentelbaan [[Retrograde en prograde beweging|prograad]] is, dus in dieselfde rigting as waarin die planeet roteer. Hellings van groter as 90° beskryf retrograde wentelbane, dus in die teenoorgestelde rigting. ’n Baanhelling:
* van 0° beteken die wentelende liggaam het ’n prograde wentelbaan op die vlak van die planeet se ewenaar;
* groter as 0° en kleiner as 90° beskryf ook ’n prograde wentelbaan;
* van presies 90° is ’n polêre wentelbaan, waarin die satelliet oor die noord- en suidpool van die planeet beweeg;
* groter as 90° en kleiner as 180° is ’n retrograde wentelbaan; en
* van presies 180° is ’n retrograde wentelbaan om die ewenaar.
Mane van aardplanete wat nie te ver van hul ster af voorkom nie, met ’n groot maan-planeetafstand, se wentelvlakke neig om in lyn te wees met dié van die planeet se wentelbaan om die ster vanweë getye van die ster af. As die maan-planeetafstand klein is, is die mane se wentelbane geneig om gekantel te wees. Die wentelbane van gasplanete se mane is geneig om in lyn te wees met die groot planeet se ewenaar omdat hulle in skywe om die planeet ontstaan het.<ref>[http://epjwoc.epj.org/articles/epjconf/pdf/2011/01/epjconf_ohp2010_04003.pdf Moon formation and orbital evolution in extrasolar planetary systems-A literature review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314061220/http://epjwoc.epj.org/articles/epjconf/pdf/2011/01/epjconf_ohp2010_04003.pdf |date=14 Maart 2014 }}, K Lewis – EPJ Web of Conferences, 2011 – epj-conferences.org</ref>
== Sonnestelsel ==
Die meeste [[planete]] in die [[Sonnestelsel]] het relatief klein baanhellings:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto;"
|- style="background-color:#ccccff;"
! colspan=12 style="background:#dddddd;" | Helling m.b.t.
|- style="font-size:smaller;"
! colspan=2 | Liggaam
! [[Sonnebaan]]
! [[Son|Son se ewenaar]]
|-
! rowspan=4 style="background:#DDEEFF;" | [[Aardplaneet|Aard-<br />planete]]
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Mercurius]]
| 7,01°
| 3,38°
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Venus]]
| 3,39°
| 3,86°
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Aarde]]
| 0
| 7,155°
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Mars]]
| 1,85°
| 5,65°
|-
! rowspan=4 style="background:#DDEEFF;" | [[Reuseplaneet|Reuse- <br />planete]]
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Jupiter]]
| 1,31°
| 6,09°
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Saturnus]]
| 2,49°
| 5,51°
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Uranus]]
| 0,77°
| 6,48°
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Neptunus]]
| 1,77°
| 6,43°
|-
! rowspan=4 style="background:#DDEEFF;" | [[Kleinplaneet|Klein- <br />planete]]
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Pluto]]
| 17,14°
| 11,88°
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[Ceres (dwergplaneet)|Ceres]]
| 10,62°
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[2 Pallas|Pallas]]
| 35,06°
| —
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | [[4 Vesta|Vesta]]
| 5,58°
| —
|}
Daarteenoor het die [[dwergplanete]] [[Pluto]] en [[Eris (dwergplaneet)|Eris]] hellings tot die sonnebaan van onderskeidelik 17° en 44°, en die groot [[asteroïde]] [[2 Pallas|Pallas]] ’n helling van 35°.
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
* [[Lêer:Crystal txt.png|15px]] Hierdie artikel is vertaal uit die [[:en:Orbital inclination|Engelse Wikipedia]]
[[Kategorie:Hemelmeganika]]
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Bespreking:Maretha Maartens
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~2026-45653-25
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/* Maretha MAartens */ nuwe afdeling
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{{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}}
{{Bladtrekke}}
== Maretha MAartens ==
sy was n baie goeie skrywer
[[Spesiaal:Bydraes/~2026-45653-25|~2026-45653-25]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:~2026-45653-25|talk]]) 07:26, 22 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
adtchmg593794j7ztdssa8cfz3cj3s6
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Wysiging deur [[Special:Contributions/~2026-45653-25|~2026-45653-25]] teruggerol na laaste weergawe deur [[User:KabouterBot|KabouterBot]]
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{{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}}
{{Bladtrekke}}
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Christina Ricci
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{{Inligtingskas Akteur
| Naam = Christina Ricci
| Beeld = Christina Ricci at Los Angeles Comic Con 2024-2.jpg
| Beeldbeskrywing = <!-- Vir oormuis-info/ vir siggestremdes; sonder wiki-sintaks -->
| Beeldonderskrif =
| Geboortenaam =
| Alias =
| Geboortedatum = {{Geboortedatum en ouderdom|1980|2|12}}
| Geboorteplek =
| Nasionaliteit = [[Verenigde State|Amerikaans]]
| Sterfdatum =
| Sterfplek =
| Ouers =
| Lewensmaat =
| Kinders = 1
| Skool =
| Universiteit =
| Beroep = Aktrise en vervaardiger
| Aktiewe jare = 1990–nou
| Noemenswaardige rolprente =
| Webwerf =
| IMDb = 0000207
| Toekennings = <!-- slegs noemenswaardiges -->
}}
'''Christina Ricci''' (gebore 12 Februarie 1980) is 'n [[Verenigde State|Amerikaanse]] aktrise en vervaardiger. Sy is bekend vir haar rolle in die rolprente ''The Addams Family'' (1991), ''Casper'' (1995), ''Buffalo '66'' (1998), en ''Speed Racer'' (2008).
== Filmografie ==
=== Rolprente ===
* 1991: ''The Addams Family''
* 1993: ''[[Addams Family Values]]''
* 1995: ''Casper''
* 1995: ''Gold Diggers: The Secret of Bear Mountain''
* 1995: ''Now and Then''
* 1996: ''The Last of the High Kings''
* 1997: ''That Darn Cat''
* 1998: ''Buffalo '66''
* 1998: ''The Opposite of Sex''
* 1998: ''Desert Blue''
* 1998: ''Pecker''
* 1999: ''Sleepy Hollow''
* 1999: ''No Vacancy''
* 2000: ''The Man Who Cried''
* 2001: ''Prozac Nation''
* 2002: ''Pumpkin''
* 2002: ''Miranda''
* 2002: ''The Gathering''
* 2003: ''Anything Else''
* 2003: ''Monster''
* 2005: ''Cursed''
* 2006: ''Black Snake Moan''
* 2006: ''Penelope''
* 2008: ''Speed Racer''
* 2009: ''After.Life''
* 2009: ''All's Faire in Love''
* 2010: ''Alpha and Omega''
* 2011: ''Bucky Larson: Born to Be a Star''
* 2012: ''Bel Ami''
* 2013: ''Around the Block''
* 2014: ''The Hero of Color City''
* 2018: ''Distorted''
* 2018: ''10 Things We Should Do Before We Break Up''
* 2019: ''Faraway Eyes''
* 2019: ''Percy''
=== Televisiereekse ===
* 1994: ''RAINN Public Service Announcements''
* 1998: ''Bug City''
* 2011: ''Pan Am''
* 2012: ''7 Minutes in Heaven''
* 2015: ''Z: The Beginning of Everything''
=== Televisierolprente ===
* 1991: ''The Making of 'The Addams Family'''
* 1995: ''The Making of 'Casper'''
* 2002: ''The Laramie Project''
* 2010: ''The Simpsons: Celebrity Friends''
* 2014: ''Lizzie Borden Took an Ax''
* ''Escaping the Madhouse: The Nellie Bly Story''
=== Video's ===
* 1990: ''Cher: The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)''
* 1991: ''Hammer: Addams Groove''
* 1993: ''Tag Team: Addams Family (Whoomp!)''
* 2000: ''Moby: Natural Blues - Version 1''
* 2001: ''Moby: Play - The DVD''
* 2004: ''Based on a True Story: The Making of 'Monster'''
== Eksterne skakels ==
* {{IMDb|0000207|Christina Ricci}}
* {{Instagram|riccigrams|Christina Ricci}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ricci, Christina}}
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1980]]
[[Kategorie:Amerikaanse aktrises van die 21ste eeu]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
[[Kategorie:Amerikaanse aktrises van die 20ste eeu]]
1bj3im0js5fl2pzv3ny4j4nhdk7guam
Gebruikerbespreking:Renamed user 248080831cad3729eecefbfa0e6557c3
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Veritas Sapientiae het bladsy [[Gebruikerbespreking:Bonapartez]] na [[Gebruikerbespreking:Renamed user 248080831cad3729eecefbfa0e6557c3]] geskuif sonder om 'n aanstuur agter te laat: Bladsy is outomaties geskuif na hernoeming van gebruiker "[[Spesiaal:CentralAuth/Bonapartez|Bonapartez]]" na "[[Spesiaal:CentralAuth/Renamed user 248080831cad3729eecefbfa0e6557c3|Renamed user 248080831cad3729eecefbfa0e6557c3]]"
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== Welkom ==
{| class="toccolours" width="100%" style="font-size:100%; margin-bottom:0.5em;"
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{| width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="font-size:95%; line-height:125%; background-color:#faf6ed; border:1px solid #faecc8;"
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#faecc8;" |<big>'''{{#ifeq: {{lc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} | {{uc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} | Hallo, gebruiker vanaf [[IP-adres]] {{BASEPAGENAME}} | Hallo {{PAGENAME}}}},''' [[Wikipedia:Welkom nuwelinge|hartelik welkom]] op die Afrikaanse Wikipedia!</big>
|-
| colspan="4" | Dankie vir jou belangstelling in [[Wikipedia]]. Ons werk hier aan die ideaal van ’n gratis en vrylik beskikbare, vrylik bewerkbare, neutrale en volledige ensiklopedie.
|-
| colspan="4" | Die [[Afrikaanse Wikipedia]] bestaan al sedert Desember 2001 en bevat reeds ''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}'' artikels. Vanaf die begin van die projek het die gebruikers ’n aantal riglyne en uitgangspunte vir artikelbewerking en onderlinge samewerking opgestel. Nuwelinge kan hieruit voordeel trek. Jy mag dit behulpsaam vind om van die skakels in hierdie raampie te volg en met die projek vertroud te raak voordat jy begin bydra. Indien jou vingers jeuk om te eksperimenteer, kan jy gerus ons [[Wikipedia:Sandput|Sandput]] besoek: dit is juis vir die rede daar. Uiteindelik wil ons dat al ons gebruikers [[Wikipedia:Voel vry en gaan jou gang|vry voel om hulle gang te gaan]], maar dit doen natuurlik geen kwaad om ’n bietjie houvas te kry voor 'n mens in die diep kant in spring nie! Besoek gerus ook ons [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie|Geselshoekie]], ons gebruikers staan gereed om hand by te sit, of bloot net hand te skud.
|-
| align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Books-aj.svg aj ashton 01.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Verifieerbaarheid}}
| [[Wikipedia:Verifieerbaarheid|'''Verifieerbaarheid''']]<br />Die eerste van Wikipedia se drie kernbeleide
| align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Konversation.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Geselshoekie}}
| [[Wikipedia:Geselshoekie|'''Geselshoekie''']]<br />Die gewilde bymekaarkomplek
|-
| width="8%" align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=OrgChem Nomen pictograph.png|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Geen oorspronklike navorsing}}
| width="38%" | [[Wikipedia:Geen oorspronklike navorsing|'''Geen oorspronklike navorsing''']]<br/>Die tweede van Wikipedia se drie kernbeleide
| align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Bucket in the sand.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Sandput}}
| width="38%" | [[Wikipedia:Sandput|'''Sandput''']]<br />Eksperimenteer na hartelus
|-
| align="right" |{{Klik|Afbeelding=Unbalanced scales.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Neutrale standpunt}}
| [[Wikipedia:Neutrale standpunt| '''Neutrale standpunt''']]<br />Die derde van Wikipedia se drie kernbeleide
| width="8%" align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Icon tools.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Redigeringsinstruksies}}
| [[Wikipedia:Redigeringsinstruksies|'''Redigeringsinstruksies''']]<br />Hoe maak ek: teks wat skuinsgedruk is? ’n opskrif? tabelle?
|-
| align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Nuvola apps important yellow.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Wat Wikipedia nie is nie}}
| [[Wikipedia:Wat Wikipedia nie is nie|'''Wat Wikipedia nie is nie''']]<br />Daar is ook ’n paar dinge wat ons nié hier doen nie
| align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Icon - upload photo 2.svg|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Beelde}}
| [[Wikipedia:Beelde|'''Beelde''']]<br />As jy beelde wil oplaai
|-
| align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Crystal Clear app ksmiletris.png|Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Beleefdheid}}
| [[Wikipedia:Beleefdheid|'''Beleefdheid''']]<br />Ken jou maniere
| align="right" | {{Klik|Afbeelding=Crystal Clear app kedit.svg||Grootte=30px|Link=Wikipedia:Wenke vir die skryf van ’n goeie artikel}}
| [[Wikipedia:Wenke vir die skryf van ’n goeie artikel|'''Wenke vir die skryf van ’n goeie artikel''']]<br />Soms sê die naam alles
{{#ifeq: {{lc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} | {{uc:{{BASEPAGENAME}}}} |
{{!}}-
{{!}} colspan="4" style="border-top:2px solid #faecc8;" {{!}}Jou bydrae word nou geregistreer onder jou IP-adres. Daar is verskeie voordele gebonde aan die skep van ’n rekening - sluit gerus by ons aan!| }}
|-
| colspan="4" style="border-top:2px solid #faecc8;" |
Hierdie bladsy, wat nou op jou skerm staan, is trouens jou persoonlike besprekingsbladsy. Die plek waar ander Wikipediane jou in die toekoms kan kontak en jy hulle dan kan beantwoord. Elke gebruiker het so ’n bladsy. Jy kan dus ook boodskappe op ander gebruikers se besprekingsbladsye los. Sluit boodskappe en besprekings altyd af met <big><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></big> of deur op die handtekeningknop in die wysigingsvenster te kliek: sodoende word jou boodskap onderteken met jou gebruikersnaam en die datum en tyd waarop die boodskap voltooi is. Kliek dan as laaste op "Stoor bladsy" om enige bewerkings te stoor.
|}
|}
— [[Gebruiker:KabouterBot|KabouterBot]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:KabouterBot|kontak]]) 19:56, 16 Februarie 2019 (UTC)
sop15gx0ygpsigch2sivwicfo00wjuc
9 Metis
0
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{{Inligtingskas Planeet
| bgcolour = #FFFFC0
| name= 9 Metis
| symbol= [[Beeld:Metis symbol (bold).svg|24px]]
| image= [[Beeld:9 Metis VLT (2021), deconvolved.pdf|250px]]
| caption =
|discovery = yes
| image_size= 280
| discoverer=A. Graham
| discovered=25 April 1848
| mpc_name=(9) Metis
| alt_names={{mp|1974 QU|2}}
| named_after = [[Metis (mitologie)|Metis]] (mitologie)
| mp_category=[[Asteroïdegordel|Hoofgordel]]
| orbit_ref =<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web |type=last observation: 9 September 2008 |title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 9 Metis |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9 |access-date=10 November 2008 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128053007/http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9 |archive-date=28 Januarie 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| epoch=14 Julie 2004
| semimajor=2,387 [[AE]]
| perihelion=2,096 AE
| aphelion=2,678 AE
| eccentricity=0,122
| period=1346,815 d
| inclination=5,576°
| asc_node=68,982°
| arg_peri=5,489°
| mean_anomaly=274,183°
| p_orbit_ref =<ref name=Metis-POE>{{cite web
|title=AstDyS-2 Metis Synthetic Proper Orbital Elements
|publisher=Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italië
|url=http://hamilton.dm.unipi.it/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=9
|accessdate=1 Oktober 2011}}</ref>
| p_semimajor = 2,3864354
| p_eccentricity = 0,1271833
| p_inclination = 4,6853629°
| p_mean_motion = 97,638314
| perihelion_rate = 38,754973
| node_rate = −41,998090
| dimensions=222 × 182 × 130 km<ref name="Baer">{{cite web |date=2010 |title=Recent Asteroid Mass Determinations |publisher=Personal Website |author=Jim Baer |url=http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt |access-date=13 Februarie 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306035130/http://home.earthlink.net/~jimbaer1/astmass.txt |archive-date= 6 Maart 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><br />235 × 195 × 140 km<ref name="Baer2007">{{cite journal
|last=Baer
|first=James
|author2=Steven R. Chesley
|title=Astrometric masses of 21 asteroids, and an integrated asteroid ephemeris
|journal=Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
|volume=100
|issue=2008
|pages=27–42
|publisher=Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007
|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/h747307j43863228/fulltext.pdf
|format=PDF
|doi=10.1007/s10569-007-9103-8
|accessdate=10 November 2008
|date=2007
|bibcode=2008CeMDA.100...27B
|archive-date=24 Februarie 2011
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110224014158/http://www.springerlink.com/content/h747307j43863228/fulltext.pdf
|url-status=dead
}}</ref><ref name="Hubble05">A. D. Storrs et al., ''A closer look at main-belt asteroids 1: WF/PC images'', Icarus Vol. 173, p. 409 (2005).</ref><br />190 km (Dunham)<ref name="jpldata" />
| mass=(1,47 ± 0,20{{e|19}} kg<ref name="Baer" />
| density=4,12 ± 1,33 g/cm³<ref name="Baer" />
| rotation=0,2116 d<ref name="jpldata" />
| spectral_type=S-tipe<ref name="spiff">{{Cite web |url=http://spiff.rit.edu/richmond/parallax/phot/LCSUMPUB.TXT |title=asteroid lightcurve data file (Maart 2001) |access-date= 7 April 2019 |archive-date=20 Julie 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100720152333/http://spiff.rit.edu/richmond/parallax/phot/LCSUMPUB.TXT |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| magnitude = 8,1<ref name="Pasachoff1983">{{cite book | author=Donald H. Menzel | author2=Jay M. Pasachoff | last-author-amp=yes | date=1983 | title=A Field Guide to the Stars and Planets | edition=2de | publisher=Houghton Mifflin | pages=391 | location=Boston, MA | isbn=0-395-34835-8 }}</ref> tot 11,83
| abs_magnitude=6,28<ref name="jpldata" />
| angular_size = 0,23" tot 0,071"
| single_temperature=maks. 282 [[Kelvin|K]] (9 °C)<ref name="Lim05">L. F. Lim et al., ''Thermal infrared (8–13 µm) spectra of 29 asteroids: the Cornell Mid-Infrared Asteroid Spectroscopy (MIDAS) Survey'', Icarus Vol. 173, p. 385 (2005).</ref>
}}
'''Metis''' ([[kleinplaneet]]naam: '''9 Metis''') is een van die grootste voorwerpe in die [[asteroïdegordel]]. Dit bestaan uit [[Silikaat|silikate]] en [[nikkel]]-[[yster]], en kan die kernoorblyfsel wees van ’n groot asteroïde wat lank gelede deur ’n botsing vernietig is.<ref name="Kelley00">{{cite journal
|last=Kelley |first=Michael S
|author2=Michael J. Gaffey
|title=9 Metis and 113 Amalthea: A Genetic Asteroid Pair
|journal=Icarus
|volume=144 |issue=1 |pages=27–38 |date=2000
|doi=10.1006/icar.1999.6266 |bibcode=2000Icar..144...27K}}</ref> Metis het na raming net minder as ’n halwe persent van die totale [[massa]] van die asteroïdegordel.<ref name="Baer" />
Volgens foto's van die [[Hubble-ruimteteleskoop]]<ref name="Hubble05" /><ref name="Hubble99">[http://web.media.mit.edu/~win/hstpub.pdf Hubble Space Telescope observations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030022816/http://web.media.mit.edu/~win/hstpub.pdf |date=30 Oktober 2008 }}</ref> en [[ligkurwe]]-ontledings<ref name="Torppa03">J. Torppa et al., [http://www.rni.helsinki.fi/~mjk/thirty.pdf ''Shapes and rotational properties of thirty asteroids from photometric data''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106103549/http://www.rni.helsinki.fi/~mjk/thirty.pdf |date= 6 November 2015 }}, Icarus Vol. 164, bl. 346 (2003).</ref> het Metis ’n lang, onreëlmatige vorm met een skerp en een breë punt.<ref name="Torppa03" /><ref name="Hubble99" /> Radarwaarnemings dui op ’n aansienlike plat gebied,<ref name="Mitchell95">D. L. Mitchell et al., ''Radar Observations of Asteroids 7 Iris, 9 Metis, 12 Victoria, 216 Kleopatra, and 654 Zelinda'', Icarus Vol. 118, p. 105 (1995).</ref> en dit stem ooreen met die vorm wat uit ligkurwes afgelei is.
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
==Eksterne skakels==
*{{CommonsKategorie-inlyn|9 Metis}}
*[[Lêer:Crystal txt.png|15px]] Hierdie artikel is vertaal uit die [[:en:9 Metis|Engelse Wikipedia]]
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Metis}}
[[Kategorie:Asteroïede]]
erjz915vkge32g1agslv8plsar5sbdz
Lando Norris
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Aliwal2012
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{{Inligtingskas renjaer
| name = Lando Norris
| image = 2024-08-25 Motorsport, Formel 1, Großer Preis der Niederlande 2024 STP 3968 by Stepro (cropped2).jpg
| caption = Norris, wenner van die [[2024 Nederlandse Grand Prix]]
| image_size = 200px
| birth_date = {{GDEO|1999|11|13}}
| birth_place = [[Bristol]], [[Verenigde Koninkryk]]
| nationality = {{vlagikoon|GBR}} Brit
| Years =
| Old Team =
| 2026 Team = [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| Car number = 1
| Races = {{F1stat|NOR|entries}} ({{F1stat|NOR|starts}} begin)
| Championships = 1 (2025)
| Wins = {{F1stat|NOR|wins}}
| Podiums = {{F1stat|NOR|podiums}}
| Points = {{F1stat|NOR|careerpoints}}
| Poles = {{F1stat|NOR|poles}}
| Fastest laps = {{F1stat|NOR|fastestlaps}}
| First race = [[2019 Australiese Grand Prix]]
| First win = [[2024 Miami Grand Prix]]
| Last win = [[2026 Hongaarse Grand Prix]]
| Last race = {{laaste F1GP}}
| Last season = 2025
| Last position = 1ste (423 punte)
}}
'''Lando Norris''' (* [[13 November]] [[1999]]) is 'n Brits-Belgiese professionele motorrenjaer wat tans vir die [[McLaren]]-span aan [[Formule Een]]renne deelneem en onder die Britse vlag jaag. Hy het die MSA Formule-kampioenskap in 2015 gewen, en die Toyota Racing-reeks, Eurocup Formule Renault 2.0 en Formule Renault 2.0 Noord-Europese Beker in 2016. Hy het ook daardie jaar die McLaren Autosport BRDC-toekenning ontvang. Hy het daarna die 2017 FIA Formule 3 Europese Kampioenskap gewen en het in 2018 naas George Russell in die FIA Formule 2-kampioenskap geëindig, beide saam met Carlin. Hy was 'n lid van die McLaren Jongbestuurderprogram.
== Formule 1-renloopbaan ==
In Februarie 2017 is Norris as 'n junior bestuurder by McLaren onderteken.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/128207|title=McLaren F1 team signs Lando Norris to its junior programme|last=Khorounzhiy|first=Valentin|work=Autosport|date=22 Februarie 2017|access-date=22 Februarie 2017}}</ref> Later daardie jaar het Norris vir McLaren getoets in 'n geskeduleerde middelseisoentoets. Hy het die tweede vinnigste rondte in die tweede dag van toetse by die [[Hungaroring]] afgelê.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/headlines/2017/8/kubica-fourth-fastest-on-return-as-vettel-sets-testing-pace.html|title=Kubica fourth fastest on return as Vettel sets testing pace|publisher=ESPN F1|date=2 Augustus 2017|access-date= 2 Augustus 2017}}</ref> Aan die einde van 2017 het Norris die amptelike McLaren-toets- en reserwejaer vir die [[2018 Formule Een-seisoen|2018-seisoen]] geword.<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 November 2017|title=McLaren Formula 1 – Lando Norris becomes official McLaren test and reserve driver for 2018|language=en|work=mclaren.com|url=http://www.mclaren.com/formula1/team/reserve-test-development-drivers/lando-norris-becomes-official-mclaren-test-reserve-driver-2018/|url-status=dead|access-date=6 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221051536/https://www.mclaren.com/formula1/team/reserve-test-development-drivers/lando-norris-becomes-official-mclaren-test-reserve-driver-2018/|archive-date=21 February 2018}}</ref> Norris het aan sy eerste amptelike oefensessie by die [[2018 Belgiese Grand Prix|Belgiese Grand Prix]] deelgeneem en 26 rondtes aangeteken.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mitchell|first=Scott|title=Vettel heads Verstappen and Hamilton in 2018 Belgian Grand Prix FP1|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/138217/vettel-heads-verstappen-and-hamilton-in-spa-fp1|access-date=7 November 2020|website=Autosport.com|language=en}}</ref> Norris het gedurende die jaar ses verdere oefensessies afgelê.
=== Sedert 2019 by McLaren ===
[[Lêer:Lando_Norris,_Chinese_GP_2019.jpg|links|duimnael|Norris (afgebeeld by die [[Chinese Grand Prix]]) het in 2019 op 19-jarige ouderdom sy Formule Een-debuut by [[McLaren]] gemaak.]]
Norris was gekontrakteer om vir McLaren te jaag vir die [[2019 Formule Een-seisoen|2019 Formule Een Wêreldkampioenskapseisoen]], saam met spanmaat [[Carlos Sainz jr.]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lando Norris to drive for McLaren in 2019 |url=https://www.mclaren.com/formula1/team/lando-norris/lando-norris-drive-mclaren-2019/ |publisher=McLaren |access-date=3 September 2018}}</ref> Hy het met sy debuut by die [[2019 Australiese Grand Prix]] agtste gekwalifiseer en die wedren in die twaalfde plek voltooi. Hy het sy eerste Formule Een-punte behaal deur sesde te eindig by die volgende ren, die [[2019 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahreinse Grand Prix]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Slater|first=Luke|date=2 April 2019|title=Lando Norris's impressive Bahrain Grand Prix hints at a McLaren revival|language=en|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/04/02/lando-norriss-impressive-bahrain-grand-prix-hints-mclaren-revival/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/04/02/lando-norriss-impressive-bahrain-grand-prix-hints-mclaren-revival/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=7 November 2020|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Die [[2019 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese Grand Prix]] was die eerste van Norris se onttrekkings daardie seisoen, nadat skade van 'n botsing met [[Daniil Kvyat]] op die eerste rondte veroorsaak het dat hy later aan die wedren onttrek het.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Duncan|first=Phil|date=14 April 2019|title=Lando Norris feared first lap Chinese Grand Prix crash would leave him upside down|language=en|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/04/14/lando-norris-feared-first-lap-chinese-grand-prix-crash-would/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2019/04/14/lando-norris-feared-first-lap-chinese-grand-prix-crash-would/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=7 November 2020|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Verdere onttrekkings het gekom by die [[2019 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spaanse Grand Prix]] ná 'n botsing met [[Lance Stroll]] en by die [[2019 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanadese Grand Prix]] toe 'n brand aan sy remme veroorsaak het dat sy suspensie ingegee het.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/mclaren-f1-team-identifies-cause-of-norriss-canadian-gp-breakage-4986064/4986064/|title=McLaren F1 team identifies cause of Norris's Canadian GP breakage|website=autosport.com|first=Adam|last=Cooper|date=18 Junie 2019|accessdate=16 Julie 2021}}</ref>
Norris was op koers om sewende by die [[2019 Franse Grand Prix|Franse Grand Prix]] te eindig, maar het laat in die wedren hidrouliese probleme ondervind, en is uiteindelik negende geklassifiseer. Dit is gevolg deur 'n sesde plek by die [[2019 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenrykse Grand Prix]], wat sy beste uitslag verteenwoordig het. Hy is gedwing om laaste by die [[2019 Duitse Grand Prix|Duitse Grand Prix]] weg te spring as gevolg van boetes vir die oorskryding van die toegelate aantal enjinkomponente vir die seisoen. Hy het later uit die wedren geval ná 'n kragverlies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=McLaren Racing - 2019 German Grand Prix|url=https://www.mclaren.com/racing/2019/german-grand-prix/2019-german-grand-prix/|access-date=7 November 2020|website=www.mclaren.com|language=en}}</ref> By die [[2019 Belgiese Grand Prix|Belgiese Grand Prix]] het hy sy pad van elfde tot vyfde in die vroeë stadiums van die wedren oopgeveg. Hy het hierdie posisie behou en was ingestel om sy beste loopbaanuitslag aan te teken, maar het 'n kragverlies op sy laaste rondte opgedoen en is elfde geklassifiseer.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Grounds|first=Ben|date=1 September 2019|title=Lando Norris left frustrated by final-lap mechanical failure at Belgian GP|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11800151/lando-norris-left-frustrated-by-final-lap-mechanical-failure-at-belgian-gp|access-date=7 November 2020|website=Sky Sports|language=en}}</ref>
Norris het sy [[2019 Formule Een-seisoen|debuut Formule Een-seisoen]] elfde in die jaerskampioenskap met 49 punte afgesluit. Spanmaat Sainz het 96 punte aangeteken, maar Norris het Sainz by elf van die een-en-twintig wedrenne uitgekwalifiseer. Tydens sy debuutjaar het Norris 'n meerjarige kontrak geteken om by McLaren te bly vir die [[2020 Formule Een-seisoen|2020-seisoen]] tot [[2022 Formule Een-seisoen|2022]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Richards|first=Giles|date=9 July 2019|title=Lando Norris signs new McLaren contract after superb start to F1 career|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/jul/09/lando-norris-new-mclaren-contract-f1-carols-sainz|access-date=30 November 2019|website=The Guardian}}</ref>
=== 2020: Nooienspodium ===
By die seisoen-opener, die [[2020 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenrykse Grand Prix]] het Norris in die vierde plek gekwalifiseer, maar is na die derde plek bevorder na 'n roosterstraf vir [[Lewis Hamilton]], die hoogste roosterplek van sy loopbaan destyds en die hoogste vir McLaren sedert die [[2016 Oostenrykse Grand Prix]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.we-never-thought-we-could-beat-racing-point-admits-norris-after-career-best.709o2E45PFuzgfJnWrPrbH.html|title=Lando Norris admits McLaren 'never thought' they could beat Racing Point as he secures best-ever qualifying result in Austria | Formula 1®|website=formula1.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122145434/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.we-never-thought-we-could-beat-racing-point-admits-norris-after-career-best.709o2E45PFuzgfJnWrPrbH.html|archive-date=22 January 2021|access-date=26 February 2021}}</ref> In die laaste stadiums van die wedren is die derde geplaasde Hamilton 'n vyf-sekonde-straf opgelê vir die veroorsaak van 'n botsing met Alex Albon. Norris het die vinnigste rondte van die wedren in die laaste rondte opgestel om 4.802 sekondes agter Hamilton te eindig, en Norris behaal die eerste podiumplek van sy loopbaan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Matthey|first=James|date=6 July 2020|title=Lando Norris was the highlight of the Austrian GP after snatching a podium finish|url=https://www.news.com.au/sport/motorsport/formula-one/lando-norris-was-the-highlight-of-the-austrian-gp-after-snatching-a-podium-finish/news-story/f523339baa3ee049753ef1c38bf630e9|access-date=6 July 2020|newspaper=News.com.au|language=en-AU|archive-date=6 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706055837/https://www.news.com.au/sport/motorsport/formula-one/lando-norris-was-the-highlight-of-the-austrian-gp-after-snatching-a-podium-finish/news-story/f523339baa3ee049753ef1c38bf630e9|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Duncan|first1=Phil|last2=Slater|first2=Luke|date=5 July 2020|title=Valtteri Bottas wins chaotic Austrian Grand Prix as brilliant Lando Norris takes maiden podium for McLaren|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2020/07/05/f1-austrian-grand-prix-2020-live-spielberg-race-results-hamilton/|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2020/07/05/f1-austrian-grand-prix-2020-live-spielberg-race-results-hamilton/|archive-date=11 January 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|newspaper=The Telegraph}}</ref> By die [[2020 Stiermarkse Grand Prix|Stiermarkse Grand Prix]] het Norris sesde gekwalifiseer, maar is 'n drie-plek-roosterstraf opgelê vir verbysteek onder [[Vlae gebruik in motorwedrenne|geel vlae]] tydens oefening. Hy het drie motors in die laaste twee rondtes van die wedren verbygesteek om vyfde te eindig, in wat hy beskryf het as "een van die beste wedrenne van my loopbaan".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.planetf1.com/news/lando-norris-styrian-gp-best-race/|title=Norris: Styrian GP best race of F1 career|date=12 July 2020|website=planetf1.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730131210/https://www.planetf1.com/news/lando-norris-styrian-gp-best-race/|archive-date=30 July 2021|access-date=16 July 2021}}</ref>
Ses agtereenvolgende punteverdienstes is tussen die [[2020 Britse Grand Prix|Britse]] en [[2020 Toskaanse Grand Prix|Toskaanse]] Grands Prix behaal. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2020/races/1053/tuscany/race-result.html|title=Tuscan Grand Prix race results|website=formula1.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921115214/https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2020/races/1053/tuscany/race-result.html|archive-date=21 September 2020|access-date=7 November 2020}}</ref> Norris het skade opgedoen tydens die eerste rondte van die [[2020 Russiese Grand Prix|Russiese Grand Prix]] en die wedren vyftiende geëindig. By die [[2020 Eifelse Grand Prix|Eifelse Grand Prix]] het hy van die sesde plek onttrek weens kragbronversaking. Tydens die [[2020 Portugese Grand Prix|Portugese Grand Prix]] het 'n botsing met [[Lance Stroll]] en 'n pap wiel tot 'n dertiende plek gelei.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.who-were-the-winners-and-losers-of-the-portuguese-grand-prix.8cSP4vj2v8wr1lpc9zwLd.html|title=Who were the Winners and Losers of the 2020 Portuguese Grand Prix?|website=formula1.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102041951/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.who-were-the-winners-and-losers-of-the-portuguese-grand-prix.8cSP4vj2v8wr1lpc9zwLd.html|archive-date=2 November 2020|access-date=7 November 2020}}</ref> Hierna het Norris kritiek gekry oor sy opmerkings dat Stroll "blykbaar nie leer nie"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/36306/12115132/lando-norris-angry-with-lance-stroll-after-crash-at-portuguese-gp|title=Lando Norris angry with Lance Stroll after crash at Portuguese GP|website=Sky Sports|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103200855/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/36306/12115132/lando-norris-angry-with-lance-stroll-after-crash-at-portuguese-gp|archive-date=3 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.norris-says-stroll-doesnt-seem-to-learn-after-portuguese-gp-collision.3f9HSpByasXi9zkyJlUgqX.html|title=Norris says Stroll 'doesn't seem to learn' after Portuguese GP collision|date=25 October 2020|website=formula1.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028212500/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.norris-says-stroll-doesnt-seem-to-learn-after-portuguese-gp-collision.3f9HSpByasXi9zkyJlUgqX.html|archive-date=28 October 2020|access-date=7 November 2020}}</ref> en sy vermeende aftakeling van Lewis Hamilton se behaal van die meeste Grand Prix-oorwinnings, en dit beskryf as "niks vir hom" nie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.essentiallysports.com/f1-news-emilia-romagna-grand-prix-lando-norris-explains-apology-tweet-was-for-lewis-hamilton-after-public-backlash/|title=Lando Norris explains apology Tweet was for Lewis Hamilton after public backlash|last=Gopal|first=Bhargav|date=30 October 2020|website=EssentiallySports|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202222115/https://www.essentiallysports.com/f1-news-emilia-romagna-grand-prix-lando-norris-explains-apology-tweet-was-for-lewis-hamilton-after-public-backlash/|archive-date=2 December 2020|access-date=9 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.essentiallysports.com/f1-news-emilia-romagna-grand-prix-last-few-days-have-been-the-worst-lando-norris-asserts-hes-a-nice-guy/|title="Last few days have been the worst"- Lando Norris asserts he's a "Nice Guy"|last=Manjunath|first=Ayush|date=31 October 2020|website=EssentiallySports|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421043124/https://www.essentiallysports.com/f1-news-emilia-romagna-grand-prix-last-few-days-have-been-the-worst-lando-norris-asserts-hes-a-nice-guy/|archive-date=21 April 2021|access-date=9 November 2020}}</ref> Daarna het Norris om verskoning gevra vir sy opmerkings oor Stroll en ook 'n persoonlike verskoning aan Hamilton aangebied, waarin hy gesê het dat sy opmerkings "onverskillig" was en dat hy "[nie] die respek getoon het wat ek aan sekere mense behoort te hê nie".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesportsrush.com/f1-news-i-owe-an-apology-lando-norris-apologizes-to-lance-stroll-after-abusing-him-on-team-radio/|title="I owe an apology" - Lando Norris apologizes to Lance Stroll after abusing him on team radio during Portuguese Grand Prix|date=27 October 2020|website=The SportsRush|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122165048/https://thesportsrush.com/f1-news-i-owe-an-apology-lando-norris-apologizes-to-lance-stroll-after-abusing-him-on-team-radio/|archive-date=22 January 2021|access-date=9 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12118961/lando-norris-sent-lewis-hamilton-apology-over-comments-on-f1-wins-record|title=Lando Norris sent Lewis Hamilton apology over comments on F1 wins record|website=Sky Sports|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109005919/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12118961/lando-norris-sent-lewis-hamilton-apology-over-comments-on-f1-wins-record|archive-date=9 November 2020|access-date=9 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.essentiallysports.com/f1-news-lando-norris-concedes-hes-been-stupid-and-careless-over-recent-comments/|title=Norris concedes he's been "stupid and careless" over recent comments|last=Gopal|first=Bhargav|date=27 October 2020|website=EssentiallySports|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204211847/https://www.essentiallysports.com/f1-news-lando-norris-concedes-hes-been-stupid-and-careless-over-recent-comments/|archive-date=4 December 2020|access-date=9 November 2020}}</ref>
By die [[2020 Turkse Grand Prix|Turkse Grand Prix]] het Norris wat hy "die swakste wegsprong van sy loopbaan" genoem het, gehad.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/norris-made-worst-start-of-everyones-career-ever-in-turkey/4911396/|title=F1: Norris made 'worst start of everyone's career ever'|last=Cooper|first=Adam|date=16 November 2020|website=www.motorsport.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117193407/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/norris-made-worst-start-of-everyones-career-ever-in-turkey/4911396/|archive-date=17 November 2020|access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref> Hy het vanaf die veertiende plek weggespring na 'n vyf-plek-roosterstraf omdat hy nie geel vlae in kwalifisering gerespekteer het nie, maar het herstel om agtste te eindig en die vinnigste rondte van die wedren aangeteken.<ref name=":0" /> Norris het vierde geëindig by die [[2020 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahreinse Grand Prix]] en vyfde by die seisoenfinale [[2020 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.norris-and-sainz-delighted-with-p4-and-p5-in-bahrain-gp-as-mclaren-jump-to.3rJI1QBfxpk2r6DUyuFkxn.html|title=Norris and Sainz delighted with P4 and P5 in Bahrain GP, as McLaren jump to third in constructors' battle|date=29 November 2020|website=www.formula1.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130005203/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.norris-and-sainz-delighted-with-p4-and-p5-in-bahrain-gp-as-mclaren-jump-to.3rJI1QBfxpk2r6DUyuFkxn.html|archive-date=30 November 2020|access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.i-dont-know-where-it-came-from-norris-shocked-by-stunning-p4-in-abu-dhabi.7ffqnh8GiHYnP46VSzeUTL.html|title='I don't know where it came from' – Lando Norris shocked by stunning P4 in Abu Dhabi qualifying|date=12 December 2020|website=www.formula1.com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212192814/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.i-dont-know-where-it-came-from-norris-shocked-by-stunning-p4-in-abu-dhabi.7ffqnh8GiHYnP46VSzeUTL.html|archive-date=12 December 2020|access-date=14 December 2020}}</ref> wat, benewens die punte wat deur spanmaat Sainz aangeteken is, McLaren gehelp het om die derde plek in die vervaardigerskampioenskap voor [[Racing Point F1-span|Racing Point]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Benson|first=Andrew|date=13 December 2020|title=Verstappen wins season finale in Abu Dhabi|language=en|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/55294365|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-date=14 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214011122/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/55294365|url-status=live}}</ref> te behaal. Norris het die seisoen negende in die Bestuurderskampioenskap met 97 punte afgesluit, agt punte agter Sainz.
=== 2021 Eerste voorwegsprong ===
[[Lêer:FIA F1 Austria 2021 Nr. 4 Norris.jpg|duimnael|links|Norris jaag tydens die [[2021 Oostenrykse Grand Prix]]]]
Norris het vir die 2021 seisoen by McLaren gebly, saam met Daniel Ricciardo terwyl Sainz die span verlaat het en na Ferrari oorgestap het.<ref>{{cite web|title=Daniel Ricciardo/Lando Norris will be the most exciting driver line up in 2021, says McLaren boss Zak Brown|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.ricciardo-norris-will-be-the-most-exciting-driver-line-up-in-2021-says-zak.3RCqTJxOAFyTfp9YxkAxVY.html|access-date=15 July 2020|website=formula1.com|date=26 June 2020|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116113436/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.ricciardo-norris-will-be-the-most-exciting-driver-line-up-in-2021-says-zak.3RCqTJxOAFyTfp9YxkAxVY.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Norris het sewende gekwalifiseer vir die seisoen-opener Bahreinse Grand Prix en die wedren vierde geëindig.<ref>{{cite web|last=Noble|first=Jonathan|date=28 March 2021|title=McLaren insists it has no disappointment with Bahrain GP qualifying form|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/mclaren-no-disappointment-bahrain-gp-qualifying/5953840/|access-date=18 April 2021|website=www.autosport.com|language=en|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418224658/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/mclaren-no-disappointment-bahrain-gp-qualifying/5953840/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Qualifying Standings - Bahrain|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2021/races/1064/bahrain/qualifying.html|access-date=18 April 2021|website=Formula 1|archive-date=28 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328175040/https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2021/races/1064/bahrain/qualifying.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=28 March 2021|title=McLaren's Lando Norris had 'flashbacks' to maiden podium as he charged to P4 in Bahrain|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.norris-had-flashbacks-to-maiden-podium-as-he-charged-to-p4-in-bahrain.5ksgDWSHznlTr9heyikSFz.html|access-date=18 April 2021|website=formula1.com|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415025524/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.norris-had-flashbacks-to-maiden-podium-as-he-charged-to-p4-in-bahrain.5ksgDWSHznlTr9heyikSFz.html|url-status=live}}</ref> By die volgende wedren, die [[2021 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix]], is 'n kwalifiserende tyd wat hom derde op die rooster sou geplaas het, verwyder omdat hy baanbeperkings oorskry het, en hy het sewende vir die wedren weggespring. Norris het in die tweede plek gehardloop voordat hy met drie rondtes oor deur Lewis Hamilton verbygesteek is. Hy het derde geëindig om sy tweede Formule Een-podiumplek te behaal.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Benson|first=Andrew|date=18 April 2021|title=Verstappen wins classic as Hamilton recovers|work=[[BBC Sport]]|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/56793486|access-date=18 April 2021|archive-date=18 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418153031/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/56793486|url-status=live}}</ref>
By die [[2021 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] het Norris vyfde weggespring en voordeel getrek uit [[Charles Leclerc]] se versuim om die wedren te begin en [[Valtteri Bottas]] se onttrekking om nog 'n podiumplek te behaal. Norris is 'n roosterstraf opgelê en het negende by die [[2021 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix]] begin omdat hy nie by die kuipe aangedoen het tydens 'n rooi vlag-periode in kwalifisering nie, 'n sanksie wat hy as "onregverdig" gekritiseer het.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scott Michell |first1=Valentin Khorounzhiy |title='Gutted' Norris: Baku grid penalty and license points unfair |url=https://the-race.com/formula-1/gutted-norris-baku-grid-penalty-and-licence-points-unfair/ |website=The Race |date=5 June 2021 |publisher=The Race Media Ltd |access-date=5 June 2021 |archive-date=5 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605155304/https://the-race.com/formula-1/gutted-norris-baku-grid-penalty-and-licence-points-unfair/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het plekke in die wedren teruggewen om vyfde te eindig, gehelp deur ongelukke en foute van bestuurders voor hom.
Norris het sy destydse hoogste plek op die baan geëwenaar by die [[2021 Stiermarkse Grand Prix|Stiermarkse Grand Prix]] in Oostenryk, deur derde te begin nadat Bottas 'n roosterstraf gekry het.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bottas Handed Three-place Grid Penalty |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-bottas-handed-three-place-grid-drop-and-penalty-points-for.5t4zHtuj4Z8pRjt7PFC6nn.html |website=Formula1 |access-date=28 June 2021 |archive-date=27 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627202702/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-bottas-handed-three-place-grid-drop-and-penalty-points-for.5t4zHtuj4Z8pRjt7PFC6nn.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Hy het vyfde geëindig vir die derde agtereenvolgende wedren.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McDonagh |first1=Connor |title=F1 2021 Styrian Grand Prix |url=https://www.crash.net/f1/results/982194/1/f1-2021-styrian-grand-prix-full-race-results-round-8 |website=Crash |date=27 June 2021 |publisher=Crash.net |access-date=28 June 2021 |archive-date=27 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627143324/https://www.crash.net/f1/results/982194/1/f1-2021-styrian-grand-prix-full-race-results-round-8 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hy het hierdie kwalifiserende posisie by die volgende naweek se [[2021 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenrykse Grand Prix]] verbeter deur in die tweede plek weg te spring nadat hy 'n tyd van 0.048 sekondes agter die voorste wegspringplek van Max Verstappen opgestel het.<ref>{{cite web |title=2021 Austrian Grand Prix Qualifying Report |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.qualifying-verstappen-edges-out-sensational-norris-to-take-austrian-gp-pole.5X2ZtXmTdFw2ZjXFwRw1KJ.html |website=Formula1.com |access-date=4 July 2021 |archive-date=3 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703192254/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.qualifying-verstappen-edges-out-sensational-norris-to-take-austrian-gp-pole.5X2ZtXmTdFw2ZjXFwRw1KJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Norris het 'n straf tydens die wedren ontvang nadat daar beslis is dat hy [[Sergio Pérez]] van die baan gedwing het. Hy het die wedren derde voltooi om sy derde podiumplek van die seisoen te behaal.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Benson |first1=Andrew |title=Austrian GP Race Report |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/57713734 |access-date=4 July 2021 |archive-date=4 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704144330/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/57713734 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Hy het die sesde vinnigste tyd in Vrydag se kwalifisering by die [[2021 Britse Grand Prix|Britse Grand Prix]] opgestel, voordat hy vyfde in die nuwe-formaat naelren-kwalifisering en vierde in die Grand Prix geëindig het. Hierdie resultaat het hom na die derde plek in die jaerskampioenskap geskuif.<ref>{{cite web |title='I wanted a little bit more' - Lando Norris on British GP |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.i-wanted-that-little-bit-more-norris-disappointed-after-slow-pit-stop-costs.1cRqifHUHe5zn6Lny64DwN.html |website=Formula1.com |access-date=18 July 2021 |archive-date=18 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718201910/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.i-wanted-that-little-bit-more-norris-disappointed-after-slow-pit-stop-costs.1cRqifHUHe5zn6Lny64DwN.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Hy het sesde gekwalifiseer vir die [[2021 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongaarse Grand Prix]]. Hy het tot derde plek verbeter met die eerste draai, maar is van agter deur Bottas getref, wat veroorsaak het dat hy met Verstappen gebots het. Norris het twee rondtes later weens ernstige skade uit die wedren onttrek. By die [[2021 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italiaanse Grand Prix]] het Norris vierde in die naelren-kwalifisering geëindig, wat derde op die rooster vir die wedren geword het nadat Bottas 'n roosterstraf opgedoen het. Norris het die wedren tweede agter spanmaat Ricciardo voltooi, wat sy vierde podiumplek van die seisoen behaal het en McLaren se eerste een-twee-eindstryd sedert die 2010 Kanadese Grand Prix verseker het.<ref>{{cite web|title=2021 Italian Grand Prix race report and highlights: Ricciardo leads stunning McLaren 1-2 at Monza after Verstappen and Hamilton collide again|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.ricciardo-leads-stunning-mclaren-1-2-at-monza-after-verstappen-and-hamilton.2BH4g9dpznux3HTK3SXj9B.html|access-date=12 September 2021|website=formula1|archive-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912145723/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.ricciardo-leads-stunning-mclaren-1-2-at-monza-after-verstappen-and-hamilton.2BH4g9dpznux3HTK3SXj9B.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Norris het sy eerste Formule Een-voorwegspringposisie in veranderende weersomstandighede tydens kwalifisering by die [[2021 Russiese Grand Prix|Russiese Grand Prix]] behaal. Hy het die voorsprong in die eerste rondte aan Carlos Sainz verloor voordat hy dit in rondte 13 herwin het. Norris het die wedren voortgesit met Lewis Hamilton kort agter hom totdat dit in die laaste rondtes begin reën het. Norris het besluit om op droëweerbande te bly terwyl Hamilton vir intermediêre bande kuipe toe is. Die reën het gou vererger, wat Hamilton toegelaat het om hom verby te steek en Norris gedwing het om vir intermediêre bande in te kuip. Norris het sewende geëindig en die vinnigste rondte van die wedren aangeteken.
Norris het punte in elk van die oorblywende sewe wedrenne van die seisoen aangeteken, maar het nie hoër as sewende geëindig nie. Hy het derde gekwalifiseer by die seisoen-eindigende Abu Dhabi Grand Prix en was die eerste van die vyf motors wat kontroversieel toegelaat is om hulself op die voorlaaste rondte van die wedren te ontloop. Hy het die besluit gekritiseer om die wedren op die laaste rondte te hervat en dit beskryf as "vir die TV".<ref>{{cite web |title=F1 drivers left confused by "made for TV" safety car unlapping call |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-drivers-left-confused-by-made-for-tv-safety-car-unlapping-call/6880631/ |access-date=13 December 2021 |website=Autosport|date=13 December 2021 }}</ref> Die uitslag van die laaste wedren het Norris tot sesde in die Wêreldbestuurderskampioenskap laat val, 4.5 punte agter voormalige spanmaat Sainz. Nietemin het Norris sy loopbaanbeste resultaat op die punteleer behaal en 160 punte teenoor spanmaat Ricciardo se 115 aangeteken.
=== 2022 ===
In Februarie 2022 het Norris 'n kontrakverlenging met McLaren onderteken wat hom 'n plek tot ten minste 2025 by die span verseker het.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lando Norris agrees major contract extension to stay at McLaren until 2025|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-norris-agrees-major-contract-extension-to-stay-at-mclaren-until.5bK60HZJ6ddtdr1R2yIPhX.html|access-date=9 February 2022|website=www.formula1.com|language=en}}</ref> Norris het al drie dae van die Bahrein-amptelike voorseisoentoetse voltooi nadat Ricciardo positief getoets het vir COVID-19 en dit nie kon bywoon nie.<ref>{{Cite web|title=McLaren driver Daniel Ricciardo tests positive for covid 19|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.mclaren-driver-daniel-ricciardo-tests-positive-for-covid-19.5ocJxEFaCjo8ZVK0npWRGs.html|access-date=19 March 2022|website=www.formula1.com|language=en}}</ref>
Beide McLaren-bestuurders het gekwalifiseer en buite die top tien geëindig tydens die seisoen-opener [[2022 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahreinse Grand Prix]]. Norris het toe punte aangeteken by die [[2022 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|Saoedi-Arabiese]] en [[2022 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese Grands Prix]] voordat hy die span se enigste podiumplek van die seisoen behaal het met 'n derde plek by die [[2022 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thurston |first=Emma |date=24 April 2022 |title=Lando Norris hails McLaren's teamwork after P3 finish in Imola |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12597826/emilia-romagna-gp-lando-norris-hails-mclarens-teamwork-after-p3-finish-in-imola |access-date=25 April 2022 |website=Sky Sports F1 |language=en |archive-date=24 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424181333/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12597826/emilia-romagna-gp-lando-norris-hails-mclarens-teamwork-after-p3-finish-in-imola |url-status=live }}</ref> By die nuwe [[2022 Miami Grand Prix|Miami Grand Prix]] is die veiligheidsmotor ontplooi toe Norris betrokke was in 'n ongeluk met [[Pierre Gasly]] se [[Scuderia AlphaTauri|AlphaTauri]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Landman |first1=Declan |title=Norris laments 'silly accident' with Gasly in Miami |url=https://www.planetf1.com/news/lando-norris-pierre-gasly-miami-crash/ |website=plannetF1 |date=9 May 2022 |publisher=Sam Cooper |access-date=19 May 2022 |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519164549/https://www.planetf1.com/news/lando-norris-pierre-gasly-miami-crash/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Ten spyte van [[mangelontsteking]], het Norris sesde in die [[2022 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] gekom en die vinnigste rondte aangeteken.<ref>{{cite web |title=Norris relieved to finish 'rewarding' Monaco GP in P6 after overcoming tonsillitis and torrential rain |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.norris-relieved-to-finish-rewarding-monaco-gp-in-p6-after-overcoming.53UfNICh2UvdDlFtZP49tQ.html |access-date=31 May 2022 |website=www.formula1.com |language=en |archive-date=30 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530175447/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.norris-relieved-to-finish-rewarding-monaco-gp-in-p6-after-overcoming.53UfNICh2UvdDlFtZP49tQ.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Hy het vyftiende gekwalifiseer by die [[2022 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenrykse Grand Prix]], maar het in die naelren en die wedren herstel om sewende te eindig. Hy het toe vierde gekwalifiseer vir die [[2022 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongaarse Grand Prix]] maar kon nie Lewis Hamilton en die twee [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bulls]] agterhou nie en het sewende geëindig.
Norris het sewentiende by die [[2022 Belgiese Grand Prix|Belgiese Grand Prix]] weggespring met 'n kragonderdele-straf en kon nie punte aanteken nie en het twaalfde geëindig. Hy het derde by die [[2022 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italiaanse Grand Prix]] weggespring, maar weer teen die Red Bulls verloor en sewende geëindig. Sy beste resultaat sedert Emilia-Romagna was by die [[2022 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoerse Grand Prix]] waar hy en Ricciardo onderskeidelik vierde en vyfde geëindig het, wat McLaren kortliks tot die vierde plek bo Alpine in die vervaardigerskampioenskap opgeskuif het. Hy het punte in die São Paulo Grand Prix naelren aangeteken, maar 'n ratkasfout het hom uit die punteposisies in die wedren geskakel. Hy het die seisoen met die sesde plek en die vinnigste rondte by die [[2022 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix]] afgesluit. Hy het sewende in die Bestuurderskampioenskap geëindig en in die jaar 122 punte teenoor Ricciardo se 37 aangeteken.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2022%20Abu%20Dhabi%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Championship%20Points.pdf|title=Championship Points|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]|access-date=4 June 2025|archive-date=1 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201133412/https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2022%20Abu%20Dhabi%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Championship%20Points.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== 2023 ===
[[Lêer:FIA F1 Austria 2023 Nr. 4 (1).jpg|duimnael|links|Norris jaag vir McLaren tydens die [[2023 Oostenrykse Grand Prix]].]]
Norris het vir [[2023 Formule Een-seisoen|2023]] by McLaren aangebly, saam met nuweling [[Oscar Piastri]] wat Ricciardo vervang het.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mclaren.com/racing/team/2021-fia-f2-champion-oscar-piastri-join-mclaren-racing-2023/ |title=McLaren Racing - 2021 FIA F2 champion Oscar Piastri to join McLaren Racing in 2023 |publisher=Mclaren.com |date= |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925165603/https://www.mclaren.com/racing/team/2021-fia-f2-champion-oscar-piastri-join-mclaren-racing-2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By die [[2023 Bahreinse Grand Prix|eerste ren in Bahrein]] het beide McLaren-motors betroubaarheidsprobleme ondervind.<ref name="MCL60 Bahrain Issues">{{Cite web |last1=Kew |first1=Matt |last2=Cleeren |first2=Filip |last3=Cooper |first3=Adam |date=6 March 2023 |title=McLaren reveals Norris and Piastri reliability issues in Bahrain GP |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/mclaren-reveals-norris-and-piastri-reliability-issues/10440344/ |url-access=limited |access-date=7 March 2023 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=Motorsport Network |language=en |publication-place=London |archive-date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306024419/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/mclaren-reveals-norris-and-piastri-reliability-issues/10440344/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Norris moes ses kuipestoppe maak om die probleem te ondersoek en het sewentiende en laaste van die voltooide jaers geëindig.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2023 |title=2023 Bahrain Grand Prix race report and highlights: Verstappen leads 1-2 in Bahrain season opener as Leclerc retires and Alonso takes final podium place in style |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.verstappen-leads-1-2-in-bahrain-season-opener-as-leclerc-retires-and-alonso.40788dU0VkiLz0gxRPo7n1.html |access-date=6 March 2023 |website=formula1.com |language=en}}</ref> Hy is vir die eerste keer sedert 2019 in die eerste kwalifiseringsessie by die [[2023 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix]] uitgeskakel nadat hy teen 'n muur gebots het.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.facts-and-stats-perez-matches-alesi-as-alonso-grabs-best-aston-martin-start.70Qj5u28UCVJf2b3Wc9eSf.html | title=Facts And Stats: Perez matches Alesi, as Alonso grabs best Aston Martin start since the 1950s | Formula 1® | access-date=19 March 2023 | archive-date=19 March 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319135630/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.facts-and-stats-perez-matches-alesi-as-alonso-grabs-best-aston-martin-start.70Qj5u28UCVJf2b3Wc9eSf.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Hy het skade van puin in die eerste rondte opgedoen en weer sewentiende geëindig.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cooper |first=Adam |date=20 March 2023 |title=McLaren's Piastri "surprised" by Gasly contact damage in Saudi Arabian GP |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/piastri-surprised-by-gasly-contact-damage-in-saudi-arabian-gp/10446468/ |access-date=20 March 2023 |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=Motorsport Network |language=en}}</ref> By die [[2023 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese Grand Prix]] het McLaren hul eerste punte van die seisoen aangeteken; Piastri het agtste geëindig en Norris het van dertiende aan die begin tot sesde aan die einde verbeter. Nog 'n K1-eliminasie by die [[2023 Miami Grand Prix|Miami Grand Prix]] en kontak met [[Nyck de Vries]] by die wegsprong het gelei tot nog 'n uitslag sonder enige punte. Hy het derde gekwalifiseer by die [[2023 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spaanse Grand Prix]], maar kontak met Lewis Hamilton in die eerste rondte het hom laat terugsak. Hy is uit die punte-uitslag by die [[2023 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanadese Grand Prix]] gestraf vir "onsportiewe gedrag" nadat hy buitensporig stadiger gery het terwyl hy die kuipelaan binnegegaan het, om sodoende 'n gaping vir Piastri voor hom te skep.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 July 2023 |title=McLaren's right of review over Norris's Canadian GP penalty rejected by the stewards |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/mclarens-right-of-review-over-norriss-canadian-gp-penalty-rejected-by-the.1sUxh4k9Xa0o55mCwo43J3 |website=formula1.com |publisher=Formula One Group |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526174534/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/mclarens-right-of-review-over-norriss-canadian-gp-penalty-rejected-by-the.1sUxh4k9Xa0o55mCwo43J3 |archive-date=26 May 2024 |access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref>
McLaren het opgraderings aan Norris se MCL60 vir die [[2023 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenrykse Grand Prix]] aangebring;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://speedcafe.com/no-mclaren-upgrades-for-piastri-in-austria/|title=No McLaren upgrades for Piastri in Austria|website=speedcafe.com|first=Mat|last=Coch|date=30 June 2023|access-date=7 November 2023|archive-date=30 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630035056/https://www.speedcafe.com/2023/06/30/no-mclaren-upgrades-for-piastri-in-austria/|url-status=live}}</ref> spanhoof Andrea Stella het opgemerk dat "feitlik die hele motor" herontwerp is.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://speedcafe.com/mclaren-b-spec-entire-car-redesigned/|title=McLaren admit 'entire car' has been redesigned|website=speedcafe.com|first=Ian|last=Parkes|date=17 June 2023|access-date=7 November 2023|archive-date=9 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209064705/https://www.speedcafe.com/2023/06/17/mclaren-b-spec-entire-car-redesigned/|url-status=live}}</ref> Norris het vierde vir die wedren gekwalifiseer, derde vir die naelloop en vierde in die wedren geëindig. Meer sukses het by die [[2023 Britse Grand Prix|Britse Grand Prix]] gekom waar Norris en Piastri onderskeidelik tweede en derde gekwalifiseer het.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boxall-Legge |first=Jake |date=8 July 2023 |title=F1 British GP: Verstappen on pole as McLaren drivers star |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-british-gp-verstappen-on-pole-as-mclaren-drivers-star/10493329/ |access-date=8 July 2023 |website=www.motorsport.com |language=en |archive-date=9 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709124942/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-british-gp-verstappen-on-pole-as-mclaren-drivers-star/10493329/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Hy het Max Verstappen by die eerste draai verbygesteek en die wedren vir vier rondtes gelei voordat Verstappen die plek herwin het. In die latere stadiums van die wedren het Norris Lewis Hamilton afgeweer om tweede te eindig,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12918206/mclaren-and-rivals-surprised-by-lando-norris-pace-in-second-place-finish-at-british-grand-prix|work=Sky Sports|date=10 July 2023|access-date=10 July 2023|title=McLaren and rivals 'surprised' by Lando Norris' pace in second-place finish at British Grand Prix|archive-date=9 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709233648/https://www.skysports.com//f1/news/12433/12918206/mclaren-and-rivals-surprised-by-lando-norris-pace-in-second-place-finish-at-british-grand-prix|url-status=live}}</ref> wat hom die eerste McLaren-bestuurder maak wat op die podium by Silverstone geëindig het sedert Hamilton in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.facts-and-stats-red-bull-match-mclarens-all-time-record-of-11-straight-wins.4mKBQZfrnz1SVcabfnmRbr.html|title=Facts And Stats: Red Bull match McLaren's all-time record of 11 straight wins|work=Formula 1|date=9 July 2023|access-date=10 July 2023|last=Kelly|first=Sean|archive-date=10 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710011949/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.facts-and-stats-red-bull-match-mclarens-all-time-record-of-11-straight-wins.4mKBQZfrnz1SVcabfnmRbr.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het toe derde gekwalifiseer en teen Sergio Pérez verdedig om tweede te eindig by die [[2023 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongaarse Grand Prix]], die eerste agtereenvolgende podiumplekke van sy Formule Een-loopbaan. Hy het per ongeluk Verstappen se eersteplek-trofee – 'n handgemaakte Herend ter waarde van ongeveer VS$45 000 – tydens die podiumvieringe gebreek; die trofee is later vervang.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thesportsrush.com/f1-news-watch-lando-norris-nearly-spoils-his-british-gp-heroics-while-spraying-300-prize-on-max-verstappen/ |title=Watch: Lando Norris Nearly Spoils His British GP Heroics While Spraying $300 Prize on Max Verstappen |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Somin |date=9 July 2023 |website=Thesportsrush.com |access-date=25 July 2023 |archive-date=25 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725123448/https://thesportsrush.com/f1-news-watch-lando-norris-nearly-spoils-his-british-gp-heroics-while-spraying-300-prize-on-max-verstappen/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Hy het tweede by die [[2023 Nederlandse Grand Prix|Nederlandse Grand Prix]] weggespring, maar het sy span se besluit gekritiseer om nie bande tydens 'n reënbui te ruil nie; hy het toe sewende geëindig.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12479/12951335/lando-norris-mclaren-driver-admits-to-looking-like-an-idiot-for-radio-rant-during-dutch-grand-prix|title=Lando Norris: McLaren driver admits to looking 'like an idiot' for radio rant during Dutch Grand Prix|website=skysports.com|date=31 August 2023|access-date=7 November 2023}}</ref>
Vier agtereenvolgende podiumplekke het met die [[2023 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoerse Grand Prix]] begin, waar Norris die Mercedes- duo van Hamilton en George Russell afgeweer het en minder as 'n sekonde agter die renwenner [[Carlos Sainz jr.]], sy voormalige McLaren-spanmaat, geëindig het. Sainz, wat Norris strategies albei Mercedesse laat terughou het, het Norris geprys omdat hy hom toegelaat het om die oorwinning te behaal; sy spanmaat Charles Leclerc is deur Hamilton en Russell, wat vir varser mediums kuipe toe is, verbygesteek en kon hulle dus nie terughou nie.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.sainz-credits-key-carlando-moment-for-preventing-him-being-dead-meat-on-his.3EkQ4E8uKvn2kJdVgZksAE.html | title=Sainz credits key 'Carlando' moment for preventing him being 'dead meat' on his way to Singapore victory |website=Formula One |date=17 September 2023 |access-date=14 December 2023}}</ref> Hy het derde gekwalifiseer, agter spanmaat Piastri, by die [[2023 Japannese Grand Prix|Japannese Grand Prix]], maar hom in die wedren verbygesteek om tweede te eindig. Hy het 'n groot deel van die [[2023 Verenigde State Grand Prix|Verenigde State Grand Prix]] gelei nadat hy tweede gekwalifiseer het en Charles Leclerc aan die begin verbygesteek het, maar is uiteindelik deur Verstappen en Hamilton verbygesteek. Hamilton se diskwalifikasie na die wedren het Norris na die tweede plek bevorder.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 October 2023 |title=Hamilton and Leclerc disqualified from United States Grand Prix for technical breach |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/breaking-hamilton-and-leclerc-disqualified-from-united-states-grand-prix-for.10nvuyvEPfMgoeWxWOhw0a |website=Formula 1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330101423/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/breaking-hamilton-and-leclerc-disqualified-from-united-states-grand-prix-for.10nvuyvEPfMgoeWxWOhw0a |archive-date=30 March 2024 |access-date=4 June 2025}}</ref> Norris het nie daarin geslaag om 'n mededingende kwalifiserende tyd by die [[2023 Meksikostad Grand Prix|Meksikostad Grand Prix]] op te stel nie en het sewentiende begin, maar het herstel om die wedren vyfde te voltooi. By die [[2023 São Paulo Grand Prix|São Paulo Grand Prix]] het hy die voorste wegspringplek in die naelren behaal, maar is deur Verstappen by die eerste draai verbygesteek en het tweede geëindig. Hy het ook tweede in die hoofwedren geëindig, nadat hy sesde weggespring het en vier plekke aan die begin ingehaal het. Sy enigste uitval van die seisoen was by die voorlaaste rondte, die [[2023 Las Vegas Grand Prix|Las Vegas Grand Prix]]. Hy het sestiende gekwalifiseer, maar 'n swaar ongeluk in die derde rondte gemaak. Hy is vir voorsorgmaatreëls hospitaal toe geneem en is dieselfde dag ontslaan.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lando Norris: How McLaren driver suffered huge accident at Las Vegas GP after first DNF of 2023 F1 season |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13012155/lando-norris-how-mclaren-driver-suffered-huge-accident-at-las-vegas-gp-after-first-dnf-of-2023-f1-season |access-date=20 November 2023 |work=Sky Sports |date=10 November 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
Norris het altesaam 205 punte teenoor Piastri se 97 behaal en sesde in die Bestuurderskampioenskap geëindig, wat sy resultaat van 2021 ewenaar. Hy het slegs een punt agter die vierde plek geëindig, terwyl [[Fernando Alonso]] en Charles Leclerc gelykop met 206 punte geëindig het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=F1 - The Official Home of Formula 1® Racing |url=https://www.formula1.com/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |language=en}}</ref>
=== 2024: Nooiensoorwinning ===
[[Lêer:Lando Norris,Chinese GP 2024 Race.jpg|duimnael|regs|Norris by die [[2024 Chinese Grand Prix]]]]
Voor die [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024-seisoen]] het Norris 'n nuwe meerjarige kontrak met McLaren geteken.<ref name="contract">{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-lando-norris-agrees-new-extended-multi-year-contract-with-mclaren.8rSSuSLeK21UXmWqBdXuL.html |title=Norris agrees new 'extended multi-year' contract with McLaren |website=Formula One |date=27 January 2024}}</ref> Hy het sesde geëindig by die eerste wedren, die [[2024 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahreinse Grand Prix]], <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/bahrain-f1-pace-a-good-sign-as-mclaren-weaknesses-remain-norris/10582701/|title=Bahrain F1 pace "a good sign" as McLaren weaknesses remain - Norris|website=autosport.com|first=Filip|last=Cleeren|date=3 March 2024|access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref> en sy eerste podium van die seisoen by die [[2024 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese Grand Prix]] behaal, waar hy derde weggespring en geëindig het.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13103567/lando-norris-when-and-where-is-mclaren-driver-most-likely-to-claim-an-elusive-first-f1-victory|title=Lando Norris: When and where is McLaren driver most likely to claim an elusive first F1 victory?|website=skysports.com|date=2 April 2024|access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref> Hy het die seisoen se eerste naelren-voorposisie by die [[2024 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese Grand Prix]] behaal,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/norris-delighted-as-all-or-nothing-final-lap-nets-p1-during-sprint.1W3ZJnuE4wBuCCzFXYrMDI|title=Norris delighted as 'all or nothing' final lap nets P1 during Sprint Qualifying in Shanghai|website=formula1.com|date=19 April 2024|access-date=19 April 2024}}</ref> maar verskeie plekke in die eerste rondte van die naelren afgestaan en sesde geëindig.<ref>{{cite web |title=Verstappen beats Hamilton in dramatic Shanghai Sprint |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-charges-to-victory-over-hamilton-in-dramatic-shanghai-sprint.6B8IBGCczrPy6jLU3ztepf |publisher=Formula One |access-date=21 April 2024 |language=en |date=20 April 2024}}</ref> Vir die hoofwedren het hy vierde gekwalifiseer, Fernando Alonso verbygesteek en Sergio Pérez in die kuipe getroef om tweede te eindig,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-charges-to-victory-over-norris-and-perez-in-action-packed-chinese.3Uz5CwNh5tEQt62umIGhob |title=Verstappen charges to victory over Norris and Perez in action-packed Chinese GP |date=21 April 2024 |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=Formula One}}</ref> sy vyftiende Formule Een-podium. By die [[2024 Miami Grand Prix|Miami Grand Prix]] het hy uit die naelren onttrek na 'n botsing met Alonso in die eerste draai.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-charges-to-sprint-race-win-over-leclerc-and-perez-in-miami.3ziV5jwPsEc5HCQ1ODdIUF |title=Verstappen charges to Sprint win over Leclerc and Perez in Miami |date=4 May 2024 |access-date=5 May 2024 |website=Formula One}}</ref> Hy het vyfde vir die hoofwedren gekwalifiseer en die wedren gelei nadat die jaers voor hom by die kuipe aangedoen het. 'n Daaropvolgende veiligheidsmotor het Norris toegelaat om by die kuipe aan te doen en sy voorsprong te behou, wat hy voor Verstappen by die herbegin gehou het om sy eerste Grand Prix-oorwinning na 110 wedrenne en sy 16de podiumplek te behaal,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/norris-beats-verstappen-for-breakthrough-maiden-f1-victory-in-action-packed.7f9W6X9L3kPQILyO3NljL1 |title=Norris beats Verstappen for breakthrough maiden F1 victory in action-packed Miami Grand Prix |website=Formula One |date=5 May 2024}}</ref> en die rekord vir die meeste podiumplekke te ewenaar voordat hy 'n eerste oorwinning behaal het, 'n rekord wat hy nou deel met Patrick Depailler, [[Mika Häkkinen]], [[Eddie Irvine]] en [[Jean Alesi]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kelly |first1=Sean |title=Facts And Stats: Norris becomes 21st British winner on 110th McLaren start |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/facts-and-stats-norris-becomes-21st-british-winner-on-110th-mclaren-start.6FTFG2rWZK2QCRLWs8Q8tK |website=www.formula1.com |publisher=Formula One |access-date=5 May 2024}}</ref>
Ná Miami het Norris vyf podiumplekke voor die somerpouse behaal. Hy het podiumplekke by [[2024 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|Imola]] behaal, waar hy Verstappen ingehaal het, maar hom nie kon verbysteek om te wen nie,<ref>{{cite news |date=19 May 2024 |title=Verstappen holds off thrilling late charge from Norris to win Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix |website=Formula1.com |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-holds-off-thrilling-late-charge-from-norris-to-win-emilia-romagna.2CgBWm3GodjE3QIYIMWL0x|access-date=20 May 2024}}</ref> [[2024 Kanadese Grand Prix|Kanada]], waar hy die wedren vir 'n kort rukkie gelei het, maar deur strategie teen Verstappen verloor het,<ref>{{cite news |date=9 June 2024 |title=Verstappen beats Norris to victory in thrilling wet/dry Canadian GP |website=Formula1.com |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-beats-norris-to-victory-in-thrilling-wet-dry-canadian-gp.6ytkbh7iDTWC3pJBwiaboI|access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> en [[2024 Spaanse Grand Prix|Spanje]], waar hy voorste wegspringposisie geneem het, maar aan die begin uitgeval het.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 June 2024 |title=Verstappen beats Norris to victory in thrilling wet/dry Canadian GP |website=Formula1.com |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-holds-of-norris-challenge-to-seal-victory-at-the-spanish-grand.7a5UhXMAtkhbslSDNiPVes|access-date=30 June 2024}}</ref> Ten spyte daarvan dat hy verskeie geleenthede kortgekom het, het Norris gesê dat hy homself as 'n kampioenskapsmededinger vir Verstappen beskou het na die opskudding van sy MCL38 se algehele vertoning.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/we-can-do-it-norris-says-he-and-mclaren-have-what-it-takes-to-win-the-2024.oGANJUOwYD00f0nOexrUa|title='We can do it' – Norris says he and McLaren 'have what it takes' to win the 2024 title|access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref> Norris het nie daarin geslaag om 'n podiumplek by [[2024 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]] te behaal nie en het vierde geëindig agter spanmaat [[Oscar Piastri]],<ref>{{cite news |date=26 May 2024 |title=Leclerc clinches long-awaited home win in Monaco ahead of Piastri and Sainz after early drama |website=Formula1.com |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-clinches-long-awaited-home-win-in-monaco-ahead-of-piastri-and-sainz.4EmeQeb2P27aS8yGIVMOEO|access-date=26 May 2024}}</ref> en in [[2024 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenryk]], waar hy met Verstappen gespartel het voordat hy kontak met hom gemaak het wat die wedren beëindig het.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 June 2024 |title=Russell claims surprise win in Austria after Verstappen and Norris dramatically collide in battle for the lead |website=Formula1.com |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/russell-claims-surprise-win-in-austria-after-verstappen-and-norris.2Kmxvn4a42JYDFhvklagYk|access-date=30 June 2024}}</ref>
Norris het verdere podiumplekke by die [[2024 Britse Grand Prix|Britse Grand Prix]] behaal en derde geëindig na 'n mislukte strategie,<ref>{{cite news |date=7 July 2024 |title=Hamilton beats Verstappen to first win since 2021 with record-breaking 9th British Grand Prix victory |website=Formula1.com |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/hamilton-beats-verstappen-to-first-win-since-2021-with-record-breaking-9th.3teU9bznaWJlC2TGAYh0Vl}}</ref> en [[2024 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]], waar hy die voorste wegspringposisie geneem het, maar by draai een uitgeval het, wat sy spanmaat Oscar Piastri die voortou gegee het. Nadat strategie hom kontroversieel eerste geprioritiseer het, het McLaren spanbevele op Norris afgedwing en hom beveel om stadiger te ry om Piastri die voortou en uiteindelik die wedrenoorwinning te gee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/piastri-wins-hungarian-grand-prix-as-norris-belatedly-hands-back-lead-in.70F4mNzYrbmvNYaj8KXm18|title=Piastri wins Hungarian Grand Prix as Norris belatedly hands back lead in McLaren intra-team drama|website=www.formula1.com|access-date=22 July 2024}}</ref> Norris het sesde geëindig tydens die [[2024 Belgiese Grand Prix|Belgiese Grand Prix]], agter Verstappen, maar is na vyfde bevorder na die diskwalifikasie van George Russell.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/russell-takes-incredible-victory-in-belgium-on-aging-tyres-after-thrilling.3FufXdo4r40I7kv5mJLMMR|title=Hamilton wins thrilling Belgian Grand Prix with team mate Russell disqualified|website=www.formula1.com|access-date=28 July 2024}}</ref>
[[Lêer:2024-08-25 Motorsport, Formel 1, Großer Preis der Niederlande 2024 STP 4003 by Stepro.jpg|duimnael|links|Norris ''(middel)'' op die podium om sy oorwinning in die [[2024 Nederlandse Grand Prix]] te vier.]]
Na die somerpouse het Norris die voorste wegspringplek by die [[2024 Nederlandse Grand Prix|Nederlandse Grand Prix]] behaal. Tydens die wedren het hy teen die tweede geplaaste Verstappen aan die begin verloor, maar hy het uiteindelik die eerste plek deur DRS teruggeëwen. Hy het die voorsprong behou, wat hy met die geruite vlag tot 22 sekondes vergroot het, om sy tweede oorwinning te behaal; McLaren se eerste by die [[Zandvoort-renbaan]] sedert [[Niki Lauda]] se oorwinning in 1985, en die eerste nie-Red Bull- of Max Verstappen-oorwinning by die baan sedert die terugkeer na die Formule Een-kalender in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/norris-fights-back-against-verstappen-to-end-home-heros-run-of-dutch-gp-wins.3IPKJnhPnBEjWGAfrGeZQo|title=Norris fights back against Verstappen to end home hero's run of Dutch GP wins|website=www.formula1.com|access-date=25 August 2024}}</ref> Norris het toe die voorste wegspringposisie vir die [[2024 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italiaanse ren]] geneem,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/norris-seals-pole-position-ahead-of-piastri-at-monza-as-mclaren-secure-front.4ZYpKyV7XxYPQoJ8WzLTtX|title=Norris seals pole position ahead of Piastri at Monza as McLaren secure front row lockout|website=www.formula1.com|access-date=31 August 2024}}</ref> wat die eerste agtereenvolgende voorste wegspringposisies van sy loopbaan was en die eerste McLaren-bestuurder geword het om hierdie prestasie te behaal sedert Lewis Hamilton in 2012. Hy het die ren voor Piastri begin, wat McLaren se eerste voorste ry-uitsluiting by Monza sedert 2012 was.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/facts-and-stats-verstappen-endures-his-worst-qualifying-in-a-year-as-norris.1wAlSfP6zHLevFiFuyifbK|title=Facts And Stats: Verstappen endures his worst qualifying in a year as Norris scores back-to-back poles for the first time|website=www.formula1.com|access-date=31 August 2024}}</ref> Norris het egter teen sy spanmaat verloor, wat hom by draai vier verbygesteek het, en sou uiteindelik derde eindig agter Piastri en renwenner Charles Leclerc, hoewel hy steeds die vinnigste rondte op rondte 53 behaal het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-thrills-the-tifosi-to-triumph-at-monza-ahead-of-piastri-and-norris.1aiYZF3rWZp2Q9yQtcuvqV|title=Leclerc thrills the Tifosi as he triumphs at Monza ahead of Piastri and Norris with bold Ferrari strategy paying off|website=Formula1.com|date=1 September 2024|access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref> Norris het sy en McLaren se eerste K1-uitskakeling sedert die 2023 Las Vegas Grand Prix tydens kwalifisering vir die [[2024 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix]] gely.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/norris-still-hopeful-of-good-result-despite-q1-exit-in-baku/10654166/|title=Norris suffers bizarre Azerbaijan Q1 exit|website=Autosport|date=14 September 2024|access-date=15 September 2024 |last=Mann-Bryans |first=Mark}}</ref> Norris het sy rondte gestaak nadat 'n kort geel vlag by sektor drie gewys is; Esteban Ocon het sy motor teen die muur geskuur en dit so beskadig. Norris, wat sektor drie genader het, is gedwing om as gevolg hiervan op te lig, wat hom gedwing het om die rondte te laat vaar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/the-f1-safety-system-calls-behind-norriss-wrong-time-baku-qualifying-exit/10654290/|title=The F1 safety system calls behind Norris's Azerbaijan qualifying exit|website=Autosport|date=14 September 2024|access-date=15 September 2024 |last=Kalinauckas |first=Alex}}</ref> Hy het tot vierde herstel nadat hy Verstappen verbygesteek het, en die gekombineerde resultate van hom en sy spanmaat, die wedrenwenner Piastri, het McLaren die eerste keer sedert 2014 die voortou laat neem in die Vervaardigerskampioenskap.
Norris het sy vyfde voorste wegspringposisie van die seisoen by die [[2024 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoerse Grand Prix]] behaal en 'n nuwe kwalifiserende rondtetydrekord by die [[Marinabaai Straatrenbaan]] opgestel. 'n Dominante vertoning het hom sy derde oorwinning met 'n marge van 20 sekondes voor Verstappen laat behaal, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/sep/22/lando-norris-dominates-singapore-f1-gp-edges-closer-max-verstappen|title=Lando Norris eases to Singapore F1 GP win despite twice hitting wall|last=Richards|first=Giles|date=22 September 2024|website=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923182915/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2024/sep/22/lando-norris-dominates-singapore-f1-gp-edges-closer-max-verstappen|archive-date=23 September 2024|access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref> en elke rondte tot oorwinning gelei. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/facts-and-stats-norris-becomes-fifth-winner-in-five-years-at-first-safety.5mUfDxYMC0wzslttHeAY9f|title=Facts And Stats: Norris becomes fifth winner in five years at first Safety Car-free Singapore Grand Prix|date=22 September 2024|website=Formula 1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923183313/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/facts-and-stats-norris-becomes-fifth-winner-in-five-years-at-first-safety.5mUfDxYMC0wzslttHeAY9f|archive-date=23 September 2024|access-date=23 September 2024}}</ref> By die [[2024 Verenigde State Grand Prix|Verenigde State Grand Prix]] het Norris vierde vir die naelloop gekwalifiseer en derde geëindig. Norris het sy sesde voorste wegspringposisie vir die hoofren behaal, maar het verloor terwyl hy teen Verstappen gesukkel het, wat beide Ferrari's toegelaat het om die voortou en uiteindelike wedrenoorwinning te neem. Norris het uiteindelik met Verstappen gesukkel vir die laaste plek op die podium, wat Norris geweier is nadat 'n vyf-sekonde straf toegeken is omdat hy Verstappen van die baan af verbygesteek het,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/leclerc-leads-dominant-ferrari-one-two-in-austin-as-norris-loses-third-to.3VSTWKOy40Ta1vvtlwHBff|title=Leclerc leads dominant Ferrari one-two in Austin as Norris loses third to Verstappen after penalty|date=20 October 2024|website=Formula 1}}</ref> en Norris het derde gekwalifiseer vir die [[2024 Meksikostad Grand Prix|Meksikostad Grand Prix]] en tweede geëindig nadat hy 'n fout deur Charles Leclerc benut het. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/sainz-surges-to-mexico-victory-ahead-of-norris-and-leclerc-as-verstappen-hit.3duSNduH2cxC7K91WDSXda|title=Sainz surges to Mexico victory ahead of Norris and Leclerc as Verstappen hit with two penalties for Norris moves|date=27 October 2024|website=Formula 1}}</ref>
Nadat hy die [[2024 São Paulo Grand Prix|São Paulo-naelren]] van tweede plek gewen het nadat Piastri opdrag gegee is om posisies te ruil,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/norris-takes-victory-in-the-sao-paulo-sprint-ahead-of-piastri-after-mclaren.QHFcxKEzd9OoGvjJRTYNk|title=Norris takes victory in the Sao Paulo Sprint ahead of Piastri after McLaren driver switch|website=Formula 1.com|date=2 November 2024|access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref> het Norris die voorste wegspringplek vir die reëngeteisterde Grand Prix verower; hy is beboet vir die oortreding van die afgebroke wegspringprosedure en moes die voortou aan Russell afstaan. Hy het na sesde teruggesak na 'n ongeleë [[Vlae gebruik in motorwedrenne|rooi vlag]] en 'n fout met die herbegin, aangesien Verstappen van sewentiende plek gewen het, wat sy kampioenskapshoop gedemp het.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-wins-chaotic-sao-paulo-grand-prix-after-stunning-recovery-from.1DIc8pzRmGbC3jHJmvtBi1|title=Verstappen wins chaotic Sao Paulo Grand Prix after stunning recovery from P17 as Alpine score shock double podium|website=Formula 1|date=3 November 2024}}</ref> Voor die [[2024 Las Vegas Grand Prix|Las Vegas Grand Prix]] het Norris blykbaar toegegee dat enige realistiese hoop om die bestuurderskampioenskap van Verstappen weg te neem, verby was, hoewel hy gereken het dat sy seisoen steeds op dreef was.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/whats-changed-for-norris-after-brutal-f1-title-bid-collapse/|title=What's changed for Norris after brutal F1 title bid collapse|date=21 November 2024|website=The Race}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/lando-norris-interview-max-verstappen-f1-2024-season/#disqus_thread|title=Hard lessons, racing Verstappen and fan criticism - Norris interview|date=20 November 2024|website=The Race}}</ref> Norris het ook erken dat hy nie voorberei het vir 'n potensiële bestuurderskampioenskapstitel-bod aan die begin van die 2024-seisoen nie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/cvgezg12d8xo|title=Las Vegas Grand Prix: Lando Norris 'wasn't ready' for Max Verstappen title fight|date=21 November 2024|website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Norris het die Las Vegas Grand Prix in die sesde plek gekwalifiseer en voltooi, terwyl mededinger Verstappen vyfde geëindig het, wat Norris se titelbod wiskundig met twee rondes oor beëindig het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-crowned-champion-as-russell-heads-mercedes-1-2-in-las-vegas.3TZdhZEthj8sADUPU8p6Ni|title=Verstappen crowned champion as Russell heads Mercedes 1-2|website=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website}}</ref>
By die [[2024 Katarse Grand Prix|Katarse Grand Prix]] se naelren het Norris elke rondte van die voorste wegspringplek af gelei totdat hy doelbewus stadiger gejaag het nader aan die wenstreep, en die oorwinning aan Piastri oorhandig as 'n guns vir die São Paulo-naelren.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/c1dpdq1xedno|title=Norris hands Qatar sprint win to Piastri for McLaren one-two|date=30 November 2024|access-date=30 November 2024|first=Andrew|last=Benson|website=[[BBC Sport]]}}</ref> Nigel Chiu van Sky Sports het die skuif vergelyk met [[Michael Schumacher]] s'n by die [[2002 Verenigde State Grand Prix]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13263508/qatar-gp-lando-norris-explains-decision-to-let-oscar-piastri-win-sprint-after-late-mclaren-switch|title=Qatar GP: Lando Norris explains decision to let Oscar Piastri win Sprint after late McLaren switch|date=30 November 2024|access-date=30 November 2024|first=Nigel|last=Chiu|website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Hy het 'n stop-en-ry-straf van tien sekondes ontvang vir 'n spoedoortreding onder geel vlae terwyl hy tweede in die wedren was, en het uiteindelik tiende geëindig, terwyl Charles Leclerc van Ferrari, wat nou Norris se hoofuitdager vir die kampioenskap-naaswennerplek was, die Grand Prix tweede agter kampioen Verstappen voltooi het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/i-f-ed-it-up-norris-makes-no-excuses-for-costly-qatar-f1-penalty/|title='I f***ed it up' - Norris makes no excuses for costly Qatar penalty|date=1 December 2024|website=The Race}}</ref> Norris se fout en sterk Ferrari-resultate in Katar het bygedra dat McLaren se voorsprong in die Vervaardigerskampioenskap tot die tweede geplaasde Ferrari tot 21 punte verminder is voor die laaste rondte van die 2024-seisoen by die [[2024 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix]], en Norris se voorsprong bo Charles Leclerc vir die tweede plek in die jaerskampioenskap tot slegs agt punte verminder voor dieselfde byeenkoms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.statsf1.com/en/2024/qatar/championnat.aspx|title=Qatar 2024 - Championship • Stats F1|website=www.statsf1.com}}</ref> In Aboe Dhabi het Norris die voorste wegspringplek geneem en tot die geruite vlag gelei in sy vierde oorwinning van die seisoen, wat McLaren se eerste vervaardigerstitel sedert 1998 verseker het.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/norris-sails-to-victory-ahead-of-sainz-and-leclerc-in-abu-dhabi-as-mclaren.52fogZq77Kgmdt75WN8kGM|title=Norris sails to victory ahead of Sainz and Leclerc in Abu Dhabi as McLaren seal constructors' championship|website=Formula One|date=8 December 2024}}</ref>
=== 2025: Nooienstitel in die stryd teen Verstappen en Piastri ===
[[Lêer:2025 Japan GP - McLaren - Lando Norris - FP1.jpg|duimnael|regs|Norris bestuur die McLaren MCL39 tydens die [[2025 Japannese Grand Prix]].]]
McLaren het [[2025 Formule Een-seisoen|2025]] as titelgunstelinge betree, met Norris wat verklaar het dat hy "baie lesse" geleer het in sy poging om Wêreldbestuurderskampioen te word.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/sports/formula-1/lando-norris-formula-1-mclaren-rcna194264 |title=Formula 1 star Lando Norris is 'confident' he can win it all after a breakthrough year |last=Kapur |first=Sahil |date=7 March 2025 |work=NBC News|access-date=17 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317042233/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/amp/rcna194264 |archive-date=17 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het die voorste wegspringplek vir die seisoen-openende [[2025 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese Grand Prix]] geneem, en sy voorsprong oor spanmaat Oscar Piastri en Max Verstappen in nat toestande verdedig om die oorwinning en die kampioenskapsvoorsprong te behaal.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/cr421xe109qo |title=Norris beats Verstappen in dramatic Australia opener |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=16 March 2025 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=16 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316070859/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/articles/cr421xe109qo |archive-date=16 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nadat hy agtste in die [[2025 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese Grand Prix]]-naelren geëindig het, het hy tweede in die hoofren agter Piastri geëindig.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thetimes.com/sport/formula-one/article/chinese-grand-prix-oscar-piastri-lando-norris-vbzhtscnj |url-access=subscription |title=Chinese GP: Oscar Piastri claims dominant win with Lando Norris second |last=Hudson |first=Molly |date=23 March 2025 |work=[[The Times]] |access-date=23 March 2025 |issn=0140-0460 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323113600/https://www.thetimes.com/sport/formula-one/article/chinese-grand-prix-oscar-piastri-lando-norris-vbzhtscnj |archive-date=23 March 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[2025 Japannese Grand Prix|Japan]] het hy tweede geëindig na Verstappen, wat sy kampioenskapsvoorsprong tot 'n enkele punt verminder het.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6258403/2025/04/06/japanese-grand-prix-f1-briefing-max-verstappen-red-bull/ |title=F1 Japanese Grand Prix briefing: Max Verstappen's perfect win and Kimi Antonelli makes history |last1=Coleman |first1=Madeline |last2=Smith |first2=Luke |date=6 April 2025 |work=The Athletic |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=6 April 2025 |issn=1553-8095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406081516/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6258403/2025/04/06/japanese-grand-prix-f1-briefing-max-verstappen-red-bull/ |archive-date=6 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Norris het sy kampioenskapsvoorsprong tot drie punte vergroot, nou voor Piastri, met sy derde plek by die Bahreinse Grand Prix nadat hy sesde gekwalifiseer het - en beweer het dat hy "onbewus" gevoel het in die MCL39 - en 'n straf vir 'n oortreding van die wegspring gekry het.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/f1-oscar-piastri-lando-norris-bahrain-mclaren-b2732526.html |title=Oscar Piastri lays down F1 title gauntlet to Lando Norris with victory in Bahrain |last=Hunt |first=Scott |date=13 April 2025 |work=[[The Independent]] |access-date=15 April 2025 |issn=1741-9743 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250415161830/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/f1-oscar-piastri-lando-norris-bahrain-mclaren-b2732526.html |archive-date=15 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/2025-bahrain-grand-prix/ |title=Norris strains in Sakhir in the face of Piastri perfection |last=Smith |first=Damien |date=14 April 2025 |website=Goodwood Road & Racing |publisher=Goodwood House |access-date=18 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250422175036/https://www.goodwood.com/grr/f1/2025-bahrain-grand-prix/ |archive-date=22 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Norris het uit die kwalifisering vir die [[2025 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix]] geval, van tiende tot vierde herstel en onder Piastri op die punteleer geval.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13352424/saudi-arabian-gp-lando-norris-hits-back-at-claims-of-mclaren-dominance-they-are-just-as-quick-as-us |title=Saudi Arabian GP: Lando Norris hits back at claims of McLaren dominance {{!}} 'They are just as quick as us' |date=20 April 2025 |website=Sky Sports |access-date=21 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421213955/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13352424/saudi-arabian-gp-lando-norris-hits-back-at-claims-of-mclaren-dominance-they-are-just-as-quick-as-us |archive-date=21 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Deur voordeel te trek uit 'n laat veiligheidsmotor om Piastri met 'n verkorte kuipestop verby te steek, het hy die Miami Grand Prix naelren gewen;<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/may/03/mclarens-norris-wins-miami-sprint-race-as-hamilton-grabs-third-place-for-ferrari |title=McLaren's Norris wins chaotic Miami sprint race as Hamilton grabs third |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=3 May 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 May 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250504013227/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/may/03/mclarens-norris-wins-miami-sprint-race-as-hamilton-grabs-third-place-for-ferrari |archive-date=4 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> hy het tweede na Piastri in die hoofwedren geëindig nadat hy plekke verloor het in 'n stryd met die voorste wegspringplek Verstappen.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/cx20xkl8202o |title=Piastri wins from Norris in Miami to extend lead |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=4 May 2025 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=24 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250505020637/https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/articles/cx20xkl8202o |archive-date=5 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het tweede in [[2025 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|Emilia-Romagna]] geëindig voordat hy die [[2025 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] van voorste wegspringplek af gewen het, wat Piastri se voorsprong tot drie punte verminder het.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/norris-max-was-too-quick-for-us/10724162/ |title=Norris on F1 Imola GP: "Max was too quick for us" |last=Bellwood |first=Owen |date=18 May 2025 |website=[[Autosport]] |access-date=24 May 2025 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518190721/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/norris-max-was-too-quick-for-us/10724162/ |archive-date=18 May 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het vervolgens tweede na Piastri in Spanje geëindig.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/piastri-wins-from-norris-as-verstappen-gets-penalised-2025-spanish-gp-results/ |url-access=registration |title=Piastri wins from Norris as Verstappen gets penalised – 2025 Spanish GP results |last=Elizalde |first=Pablo |date=1 June 2025 |magazine=Motor Sport |access-date=29 June 2025 |issn=0027-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629152250/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/piastri-wins-from-norris-as-verstappen-gets-penalised-2025-spanish-gp-results/ |archive-date=29 June 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> 'n Botsing met Piastri in 'n stryd om die vierde plek by die Kanadese Grand Prix het Norris uit die wedren laat onttrek, waarvoor hy om verskoning gevra het en gestraf is.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13384479/lando-norris-mclaren-driver-must-bring-a-game-to-2025-f1-championship-after-clumsy-canadian-gp-error-says-martin-brundle |title=Lando Norris: McLaren driver must bring A-game to 2025 F1 championship after 'clumsy' Canadian GP error says Martin Brundle |last=Brundle |first=Martin |date=17 June 2025 |website=Sky Sports |access-date=25 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250617150516/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13384479/lando-norris-mclaren-driver-must-bring-a-game-to-2025-f1-championship-after-clumsy-canadian-gp-error-says-martin-brundle |archive-date=17 June 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/why-penalised-lando-norris-avoids-a-grid-drop-for-oscar-piastri-clash/ |title=Why penalised Norris avoids a grid drop for Piastri clash |last=Mitchell-Malm |first=Scott |date=16 June 2025 |website=The Race |publisher=The Race Media |access-date=25 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616011641/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/why-penalised-lando-norris-avoids-a-grid-drop-for-oscar-piastri-clash/ |archive-date=16 June 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
====2025 Tweede deel====
[[Lêer:Lando Norris 2025 Italian Grand Prix qualifying.jpg|duimnael|links|Norris bestuur die McLaren MCL39 tydens die [[2025 Italiaanse Grand Prix]].]]
Norris het met meer as 'n halwe sekonde die voorste wegspringplek in [[2025 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenryk]] ingepalm,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/28/lando-norris-storms-to-pole-at-austrian-grand-prix-while-verstappen-slumps-to-seventh |title=Lando Norris storms to Austrian F1 GP pole as angry Verstappen slumps to seventh |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=28 June 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=28 June 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628162109/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/28/lando-norris-storms-to-pole-at-austrian-grand-prix-while-verstappen-slumps-to-seventh |archive-date=28 June 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> voordat hy Piastri teruggehou het om te wen.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/29/lando-norris-mclaren-oscar-piastri-austrian-gp-f1 |title=Lando Norris holds off pressure from Oscar Piastri to win Austrian F1 GP |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=29 June 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=29 June 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629151659/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/jun/29/lando-norris-mclaren-oscar-piastri-austrian-gp-f1 |archive-date=29 June 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het munt geslaan uit 'n straf vir Piastri om sy [[2025 Britse Grand Prix|eerste Britse Grand Prix]] te wen.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/07/06/sport/lando-norris-british-grand-prix-spt-intl |title=Lando Norris wins controversial British Grand Prix after Oscar Piastri incurs penalty and heavy rain wreaks havoc on the race |last=Ronald |first=Issy |date=6 July 2025 |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=4 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724113923/https://edition.cnn.com/2025/07/06/sport/lando-norris-british-grand-prix-spt-intl |archive-date=24 July 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy was derde in die Belgiese naelren en het die voorste wegspringplek vir die [[2025 Belgiese Grand Prix|Grand Prix]] geneem voordat hy verskeie foute gemaak het en tweede na Piastri geëindig het.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/ckg4nn77j5xo |title=Fine margins: How Norris lost out to Piastri in Belgium |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=27 July 2025 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=4 August 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250728083754/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/ckg4nn77j5xo |archive-date=28 July 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Met 'n alternatiewe eenstopstrategie in [[2025 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongarye]] het hy die voortou vanaf die vierde plek geneem en 'n laat aanval deur Piastri afgeweer om te wen en sy voorsprong tot nege punte te verminder.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6533320/2025/08/03/lando-norris-hungarian-gp-strategy-oscar-piastri/ |title=Did McLaren favor Lando Norris over Oscar Piastri in Hungary? Why the team says no |last=Coleman |first=Madeline |date=3 August 2025 |work=The Athletic |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=4 August 2025 |issn=1553-8095 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250804162318/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6533320/2025/08/03/lando-norris-hungarian-gp-strategy-oscar-piastri/ |archive-date=4 August 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het in [[2025 Italiaanse Grand Prix|Italië]] 'n stadige kuipestop gehad wat hom agter Piastri laat val het, wat kontroversieel beveel is om die posisie af te staan en tweede plek aan Norris teruggegee is.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/cx2rn7y5r36o |title=Piastri told to let Norris past as Verstappen wins |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=7 September 2025 |work=[[BBC Sport]] |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=7 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250907154224/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/cx2rn7y5r36o |archive-date=7 September 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/needless-silly-our-verdict-on-mclaren-oscar-piastri-lando-norris-team-order |title='Needless and silly'? Our verdict on McLaren's Piastri team order |date=7 September 2025 |website=The Race |publisher=The Race Media |access-date=7 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250907165723/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/needless-silly-our-verdict-on-mclaren-oscar-piastri-lando-norris-team-order/ |archive-date=7 September 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/sep/07/max-verstappen-victory-italian-f1-grand-prix-red-bull-lando-norrris-oscar-piastari-mclaren-lewis-hamilton-ferrari |title=Verstappen wins F1 Italian GP as Norris closes gap on Piastri amid pit-stop controversy |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=7 September 2025 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=7 September 2025 |issn=1756-3224 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250907163554/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2025/sep/07/max-verstappen-victory-italian-f1-grand-prix-red-bull-lando-norrris-oscar-piastari-mclaren-lewis-hamilton-ferrari |archive-date=7 September 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref>
Nadat hy sy motor in die tweede vrye oefensessie beskadig het, kon Norris nie munt slaan uit foute wat Piastri in [[2025 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|Azerbeidjan]] gemaak het nie, en het gekwalifiseer en sewende geëindig, asook 'n stadige kuipestop tydens die wedren verduur. Norris het ses punte op Piastri ingehaal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-claims-dominant-azerbaijan-win-over-russell-and-sainz-after.gT4fbKTwpl3dI79nDmrHS|title=Verstappen claims dominant Azerbaijan win over Russell and Sainz after Piastri crashes out|website=Formula 1.com|date=21 September 2025|access-date=21 September 2025}}</ref> Hy het toe vyfde in [[2025 Singapoerse Grand Prix|Singapoer]] gekwalifiseer,<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2025/races/1270/singapore/qualifying| title= Formula 1 Singapore Airlines Singapore Grand Prix 2025 - Qualifying|publisher= Formula One|date=4 October 2025}}</ref> agter sy titelmededinger voordat hy teen Piastri gebots het terwyl hy hom in die eerste rondte probeer verbysteek het - 'n skuif wat Piastri geglo het "nie regverdig" was nie.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://racingnews365.com/oscar-piastri-fumes-over-team-radio-after-lando-norris-collision|title=Oscar Piastri fumes over team radio after Lando Norris collision|publisher = RacingNews365|date=5 October 2025}}</ref> Hy het die wedren derde voltooi, voor Piastri, terwyl McLaren die Vervaardigerskampioenskap met ses wedrenne oor gewen het. Norris was 22 punte agter Piastri na die wedren.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/russell-storms-to-victory-in-singapore-as-mclaren-seal-teams-championship.7cMITGtnc9fdxEaukmGVvI| date= 5 October 2025|publisher=Formula One| title= Russell storms to victory in Singapore as McLaren seal Teams' Championship amid Norris/Piastri clash}}</ref>
Nadat hy, soos sy spanmaat Piastri, in die eerste rondte van die [[2025 Verenigde State Grand Prix|Verenigde State se naelren]] uitgeval het, het hy gekwalifiseer en tweede geëindig vir die hoofwedren, wat die gaping met Piastri tot 14 punte verminder het. Norris het die kampioenskapsvoorsprong met een punt by [[2025 Meksikostad Grand Prix|Meksikostad]] herwin nadat hy sy voorste wegspringposisie in 'n oorheersende oorwinning omskep het, en agt verdere punte daarby gevoeg deur die [[2025 São Paulo Grand Prix|São Paulo-naelren]] vanaf voorste wegspringposisie te wen. Hy het toe voorste wegspringposisie vir die hoofren ingeneem, met titelmededingers Piastri en Verstappen onderskeidelik in die vierde en sestiende plek. Norris het die hoofren gewen, met Verstappen wat derde geëindig het, wat vanaf die kuipelaan weggespring het, en Piastri wat vyfde geëindig het na hy 'n straf van tien sekondes gekry het.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benson |first=Andrew |date=9 November 2025 |title=Sao Paulo Grand Prix result: Lando Norris wins with Max Verstappen third after starting in pits |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/cd9kp2421p3o |access-date=9 November 2025 |website=BBC Sport |language=en}}</ref>
Op die voorste wegspringplek tydens sy 150ste wedren, die [[2025 Las Vegas Grand Prix|Las Vegas Grand Prix]], het hy die voortou aan Verstappen verloor nadat hy 'n fout gemaak het, en is hy gediskwalifiseer<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/norris-and-piastri-disqualified-from-las-vegas-gp-as-mclarens-fail-post-race.10uHwsN6mLfCNoZ6nKQvPy |title=Norris and Piastri disqualified from Las Vegas GP as McLarens fail post-race inspection |date=23 November 2025 |work=Formula 1}}</ref> vanaf tweede plek agter Verstappen weens 'n oortreding van plankslytasie.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/verstappen-beats-norris-for-dominant-las-vegas-gp-victory-as-piastri.6u1Op0SO7YQa2bwJOq8DVI |title=Verstappen beats Norris for dominant Las Vegas GP victory as Piastri recovers to fourth |date=23 November 2025 |work=Formula 1}}</ref> Die diskwalifikasies van Norris en spanmaat Piastri vir oormatige plankslytasie het beteken dat Norris 'n voorsprong van 24 punte in die jaerskampioenskap oor Piastri behou het met twee rondes oor. Norris se diskwalifikasie het sy punte-marge oor Verstappen meer as gehalveer (ook 24 punte). Piastri en Verstappen was gelykop met jaerskampioenskapspunte as gevolg van die wedrenuitslag.<ref>{{cite web | title=Las Vegas 2025 - Championship • Stats F1 | url=https://www.statsf1.com/en/2025/las-vegas/championnat.aspx }}</ref> Norris het 'n geleentheid gehad om die titel by die [[2025 Katarse Grand Prix|Katarse Grand Prix]] te wen as hy Piastri en Verstappen met twee punte oortref. Norris het derde agter Piastri geëindig tydens die naelloop en vierde in die hoofwedren geëindig, met Verstappen wat gewen het en Piastri tweede om die kampioenskap na die laaste rondte van die seisoen te bring. In [[2025 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi]] het Norris derde geëindig en sy eerste Wêreldbestuurderskampioenskap verower.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-07 |title=The questions Norris's F1 title answers - and those it doesn't |url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/the-questions-norriss-f1-title-answers-and-those-it-doesnt/ |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=The Race |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/articles/czrk61y2nyjo|title=Briton Norris wins his first F1 title in Abu Dhabi|date=7 December 2025|work=BBC Sport|access-date=9 December 2025}}</ref> Norris het ook die DHL Vinnigste Rondte-toekenning vir die tweede agtereenvolgende jaar gewen.<ref name="DHL">{{cite web | title=DHL Fastest Lap Award | url=https://inmotion.dhl/en/formula-1/fastest-lap-award }}</ref>
===2026: Titelverdediging===
Norris het vir [[2026 Formule Een-seisoen|2026]] by McLaren gebly, met Piastri wat vir 'n vierde agtereenvolgende seisoen as sy spanmaat voortgegaan het. Norris het sy reg as die verdedigende Bestuurderskampioen uitgeoefen om die nommer 1 op sy motor gedurende die 2026-seisoen te gebruik.<ref name="DHL"/>
== Persoonlike lewe ==
Lando Norris is in [[Bristol]] gebore, sy ouers is Adam en Cisca Norris. Sy pa is 'n afgetrede pensioenfondsbestuurder,<ref name=":0"/> en is een van Bristol se rykste mense sowel as die 501ste rykste persoon in Brittanje.<ref name="wealth"/> Sy moeder is afkomstig uit die Vlaandere-streek van België.<ref name="Belg"/> Hy is die tweede oudste kind, met twee jonger susters en 'n ouer broer Oliver wat ook aan karting deelgeneem het op 'n mededingende vlak.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":2"/> Norris het beide Britse en Belgiese burgerskap.<ref name=":3"/>
Norris, wat aanvanklik in [[Woking]] naby die hoofkwartier van die McLaren-span gewoon het, het in 2022 na [[Monaco]] verhuis en finansiële redes aangevoer as die belangrikste rede vir sy skuif na die belastingparadys.<ref name="tax haven"/>
==Galery==
<gallery mode="packed">
Lando Norris, Formel 4 2015.JPG|Norris in Formule 4 in 2015.
Lando Norris, Carlin F2 Team (42837180405).jpg|Norris in Formule 2 in 2018.
2018 Japanese Grand Prix Norris (31662861328).jpg|Vrydagtoetse in die [[McLaren]] MCL33 tydens die [[2018 Japannese Grand Prix]].
AI2019 United Autosports IMG 4123 (39811671093).jpg|Renmotor van United Motorsports waarmee Norris deelgeneem het aan die 24 uur van Daytona in 2018.
</gallery>
==Formule 1-uitslae==
{{F1 bestuurders resultate legende (weergawe 4)}}
<div class="overflowbugx" style="overflow-x:auto;">
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
|-
!Jaar
!Inskrywer
!Onderstel
!Enjin
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!Plek
!Punte
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2018 Formule Een-seisoen|2018]]
| [[McLaren]]
| [[McLaren]] MCL33
| [[Renault]] <br/>R.E.18 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[Turboaanjaer|t h]]
|[[2018 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>{{0}}
|[[2018 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>{{0}}
|[[2018 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/>{{0}}
|[[2018 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>{{0}}
|[[2018 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>{{0}}
|[[2018 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>{{0}}
|[[2018 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>{{0}}
|[[2018 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br/>{{0}}
|[[2018 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>{{0}}
|[[2018 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>{{0}}
|[[2018 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br/>{{0}}
|[[2018 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>{{0}}
|style="background:#F1F8FF;"|[[2018 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br />{{small|TD}}
|style="background:#F1F8FF;"|[[2018 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />{{small|TD}}
|[[2018 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>{{0}}
|style="background:#F1F8FF;"|[[2018 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br />{{small|TD}}
|style="background:#F1F8FF;"|[[2018 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />{{small|TD}}
|style="background:#F1F8FF;"|[[2018 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br />{{small|TD}}
|style="background:#F1F8FF;"|[[2018 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|MEX]]<br />{{small|TD}}
|style="background:#F1F8FF;"|[[2018 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br />{{small|TD}}
|[[2018 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>{{0}}
|
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''–'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''–'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2019 Formule Een-seisoen|2019]]
| [[McLaren]]
| [[McLaren]] MCL34
| [[Renault]] <br/>E-Tech 19 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[Turboaanjaer|t h]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"|[[2019 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br />{{small|12}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[2019 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />{{small|6}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"|[[2019 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br />{{small|18}}†
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"|[[2019 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br />{{small|8}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"|[[2019 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />{{small|DNF}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"|[[2019 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />{{small|11}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"|[[2019 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br />{{small|DNF}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[2019 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br />{{small|9}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[2019 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br />{{small|6}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"|[[2019 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />{{small|11}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"|[[2019 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br />{{small|DNF}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[2019 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />{{small|9}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"|[[2019 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br />{{small|11{{smallsup|†}}}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[2019 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />{{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[2019 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br />{{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[2019 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br />{{small|8}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"|[[2019 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />{{small|11}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"|[[2019 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|MEX]]<br />{{small|DNF}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[2019 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br />{{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[2019 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br />{{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"|[[2019 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br />{{small|8}}
|
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''11'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''49'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2020 Formule Een-seisoen|2020]]
|[[McLaren]]
|[[McLaren]] MCL35
|[[Renault]] <br/>E-Tech 20 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[Turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2020 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br /><small>''3''</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Stiermarkse Grand Prix|STI]]<br /><small>5</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br /><small>13</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br /><small>5</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[70ste Herdenking Grand Prix|70J]]<br /><small>9</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br /><small>10</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br /><small>7</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br /><small>4</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Toskaanse Grand Prix|TOS]]<br /><small>6</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br /><small>15</small>
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2020 Eifelse Grand Prix|EIF]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Portugese Grand Prix|POR]]<br /><small>13</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br /><small>8</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Turkse Grand Prix|TUR]]<br /><small>''8''</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BAH]]<br /><small>4</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Sakhir Grand Prix|SAK]]<br /><small>10</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br /><small>5</small>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''9'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''97'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2021 Formule Een-seisoen|2021]]
| [[McLaren]]
| [[McLaren]] MCL35M
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] <br/>F1 M12 E Performance [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[Turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]] <br /><small>4</small>
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2021 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]] <br/><small>3</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Portugese Grand Prix|POR]] <br/><small>5</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]] <br /><small>8</small>
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2021 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/><small>3</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]] <br /><small>5</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]] <br /><small>5</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Stiermarkse Grand Prix|STI]] <br /><small>5</small>
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2021 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]] <br /><small>3</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]] <br /><small>4</small>
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2021 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]] <br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]] <br /><small>14</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]] <br /><small>10</small>
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2021 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br /><small>2</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]] <br /><small>7</small>{{Pictogram poleposition|f=1|p=1}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Turkse Grand Prix|TUR]] <br /><small>7</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]] <br /><small>8</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]] <br /><small>10</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]] <br /><small>10</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]] <br /><small>9</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]] <br /><small>10</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]] <br /><small>7</small>
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''6'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''160'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2022 Formule Een-seisoen|2022]]
| [[McLaren]]
| [[McLaren]] MCL36
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] <br/>F1 M13 E Performance [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[Turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2022 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>15
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/><sup>'''5'''</sup>3
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2022 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>6{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>9
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2022 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>15
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2022 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>12
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>10
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>9
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2022 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''7'''</sup><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>6{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''7'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''122'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2023 Formule Een-seisoen|2023]]
| [[McLaren]]
| [[McLaren]] MCL60
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] <br/>F1 M14 E Performance [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[Turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>17
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>17
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>9
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/>17
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>9
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>17
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>13
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2023 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2023 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br/>8
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2023 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2023 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2023 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup>3
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2023 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup>2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2023 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2023 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>5
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''6'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''205'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024]]
| [[McLaren]]
| [[McLaren MCL38]]
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] <br/>F1 M15 E Performance [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[Turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''6'''</sup>2
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2024 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/>1
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2024 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup>20<sup>†</sup>
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2024 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>3{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>4{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2024 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup>4{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''1'''</sup>6{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>6{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>10{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2024 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf|'''{{silwer}}'''
|bgcolor=dfdfdf|'''374'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2025 Formule Een-seisoen|2025]]
| [[McLaren]]
| [[McLaren]] MCL39
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] <br/>F1 M16 E Performance [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[Turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''8'''</sup>2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>4{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><sup>'''1'''</sup>2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2025 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>18<sup>†</sup>
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>1
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>1
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2025 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''1'''</sup>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=000000 style=color:white| [[2025 Las Vegas Grand Prix|<span style=color:white;>LSV</span>]]<br/><small>DSQ</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup>4
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=ffffbf|'''{{Goud}}'''
|bgcolor=ffffbf|'''423'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2026 Formule Een-seisoen|2026]]*
| [[McLaren]]
| [[McLaren]] MCL40
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] <br/>F1 M17 E Performance [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[Turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=ffffff| [[2026 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup><small>DNS</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2026 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><sup>'''1'''</sup>2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2026 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2026 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2026 Barcelona-Katalonië Grand Prix|BKT]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>7{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2026 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>{{0}}
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''{{F1stat|NOR|seasonposition}}'''*
|bgcolor=efefef|'''{{F1stat|NOR|seasonpoints}}'''*
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
!Jaar
!Inskrywer
!Onderstel
!Enjin
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!Plek
!Punte
|}
</div>
* {{smallsup|†}} Kon nie die ren voltooi nie, maar is geklassifiseer omrede hy meer as 90% van die wedrenafstand afgelê het.
* '''*''' Seisoen is nog aan die gang.
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2|verwysings=
<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/news/bristol-news/bristol-rich-list-2016-revealed-270|title=Bristol Rich List 2016 revealed: Who is worth the most money this year|first=Marc|last=Cooper|date=19 October 2016|website=bristolpost.co.uk|access-date=9 April 2018}}</ref>
<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Pinkham|first=Natalie|date=17 Mei 2020|title=In The Pink: Pinks talks racing and beyond with F1 starlet Lando Norris (time- 43:30)|url=https://play.acast.com/s/inthepink/fullepisode-pinkstalksracingandbeyondwithf1starletlandonorris|access-date=13 Julie 2020|website=acast}}</ref>
<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Oliver Norris {{!}} Racing career profile |url=https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/oliver-norris/|access-date=13 Julie 2020|website=DriverDB.com}}</ref>
<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Lando Norris F1 Driver Profile I PlanetF1|url=https://live.planetf1.com/f1-drivers/lando-norris|access-date=30 Julie 2020|website=live.planetf1.com}}</ref>
<ref name="wealth">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/sport/other-sport/lando-norris-father-millionaire-wealth-1970987|title=Who is Adam Norris, millionaire father of Lando Norris, McClaren's new Bristol-born Formula 1 star?|first=Joseph|last=Wilkes|date=6 March 2019|website=bristolpost.co.uk|access-date=6 Maart 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Belg">{{Cite web|last=Tetaert|first=Chris|date=17 September 2019|title=Lance Stroll en Lando Norris: halve Belgen in de F1|url=https://sportmagazine.knack.be/sport/magazine/lance-stroll-en-lando-norris-halve-belgen-in-de-f1/article-normal-1510511.html|access-date=13 Julie 2020|website=Site-Sportmagazine-NL|language=nl}}</ref>
<ref name="tax haven">{{Cite news|last=Benson|first=Andrew|date=30 November 2021|title=Lando Norris: 'I don't think there will be as much Mr Nice Guy'|work=[[BBC Sport]]|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/formula1/59466111|access-date=1 Desember 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Norris, Lando}}
[[Kategorie:Britse renjaers]]
[[Kategorie:Engelse sportlui]]
[[Kategorie:Formule Een-renjaers]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1999]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
[[Kategorie:Formule Een-Wêreldbestuurderskampioene]]
lws6s6hz21pdd816whu05ab6r0npkx3
George Russell
0
264523
2928654
2919507
2026-08-21T12:22:44Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Formule 1-uitslae */
2928654
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas renjaer
| name = George Russell
| image = George Russell, Silverstone 2021 (51350033659) (cropped).jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Russell in 2021
| birth_date = {{GDEO|1998|02|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[King's Lynn]], [[Norfolk]], Engeland
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = {{vlagikoon|GBR}} Brit
| Years =
| Old Team = [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 2026 Team = [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG Petronas]]
| Car number = 63
| Races = {{F1stat|RUS|entries}} ({{F1stat|RUS|starts}} begin)
| Championships = 0
| Wins = {{F1stat|RUS|wins}}
| Podiums = {{F1stat|RUS|podiums}}
| Points = {{F1stat|RUS|careerpoints}}
| Poles = {{F1stat|RUS|poles}}
| Fastest laps = {{F1stat|RUS|fastestlaps}}
| First race = [[2019 Australiese Grand Prix]]
| First win = [[2022 São Paulo Grand Prix]]
| Last win = [[2026 Australiese Grand Prix]]
| Last race = {{laaste F1GP}}
| Last season = 2025
| Last position = 4de (319 punte)
}}
'''George Russell''' (gebore [[15 Februarie]] [[1998]]) is 'n [[VK|Britse]] professionele [[Motorsport|motorrenjaer]] wat aan [[Formule Een]] Grands Prix deelneem. Hy het tot 2021 vir die [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedesspan]] deelgeneem, en in 2022 by die [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG fabriekspan]] aangesluit in die plek van die Finse renjaer [[Valtteri Bottas]], wat na [[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]] vertrek het.
== Renloopbaan: Karting ==
Russell het sy motorsportloopbaan in karting in 2006 begin en in 2009 na die Cadet-klas gevorder. Daardie jaar het hy Britse Kampioen in beide die MSA- en Ope Kampioenskappe geword. In 2010 het hy na die Rotax Mini Max-klas opgeskuif, waar hy Britse Kampioen in die Super One en Formula Kart Stars geword het, terwyl hy ook die Kartmasters Britse Grand Prix gewen het. In 2011 het hy na die KF3-klas opgeskuif, waar hy die SKUSA Supernationals gewen het en kampioen van die CIK-FIA Europese Kampioenskap geword het, 'n titel wat hy in 2012 suksesvol verdedig het. In 2013 het hy 19de in die KF1 CIK-FIA Wêreldkampioenskap geëindig.
== Formule Renault ==
In 2014 het Russell sy debuut in formule-wedrenne gemaak deur in die Formule Renault 2.0 Alpe te ry. Hy was oorspronklik van plan om vir die Prema Powerteam te ry, maar het 'n paar dae voor die begin van die seisoen na Koiranen GP oorgeskakel. Ten spyte daarvan dat hy 'n rennaweek weens siekte gemis het, het hy vierde in die kampioenskap geëindig, met 'n beste resultaat van tweede plek by die Red Bull Ring.
Russell het ook in 2014 as gasbestuurder aan twee Eurocup Formule Renault 2.0-rennaweke deelgeneem. By die Moscow Raceway het hy vir Koiranen tot 15de en 22ste plek in die renne gery. Gedurende die laaste rennaweek van die seisoen by Circuito Permanente de Jerez het hy na Tech 1 Racing oorgeskakel en die laaste ren van die seisoen gewen nadat hy vyfde in die eerste ren van die naweek geëindig het.
== Formule 4 ==
In 2014 het Russell ook aan die BRDC Formule 4-kampioenskap deelgeneem, waar hy vir die heersende kampioen Lanan Racing gery het. Hy het twee oorwinnings in die openingsnaweek by Silverstone behaal, en nog twee by Brands Hatch en Oulton Park bygevoeg. By die laaste wedren van die seisoen by die Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit was hy in die stryd om die kampioenskap saam met spanmaat Arjun Maini en HHC Motorsport-jaers Sennan Fielding en Raoul Hyman. Hy het die wedren vanaf die voorste wegspringplek begin en die wedren gewen, met slegs drie punte voor Maini. As prys vir die titel is hy die geleentheid gegee om 'n GP3-motor vir Arden Motorsport by die [[Yas Marina-renbaan]] na die seisoen te toets. In Desember het Russell die jongste wenner ooit van die McLaren Autosport BRDC-toekenning geword, en £100 000 ontvang en die kans om 'n [[McLaren]] Formule 1-motor te toets.
== Formule 3 ==
Russell het sy Formule 3-debuut in 2015 in die Europese Formule 3-kampioenskap vir die Carlin-span gemaak. In die tweede wedren van die eerste wedrennaweek by Silverstone het hy onmiddellik sy eerste wedren in die kampioenskap gewen. Dit was sy enigste oorwinning van die jaar en hy het slegs op die podium by Spa-Francorchamps en die Norisring gestaan. Hy het uiteindelik sesde in die kampioenskap geëindig met 203 punte. Daarbenewens het hy daardie jaar aan die Masters of Formula 3 deelgeneem, waar hy tweede agter [[Antonio Giovinazzi]] geëindig het.
In 2016 het Russell teruggekeer na die Europese Formule 3 met die terugkerende HitechGP-span. Hy het twee wedrenne by die Circuit de Pau-Ville en [[Spa-Francorchamps]] gewen en in agt ander wedrenne op die podium geëindig. Dit het hom derde op die puntelys geplaas agter [[Lance Stroll]] en Maximilian Günther met 264 punte. Aan die einde van die seisoen het hy sy debuut in die Macau Grand Prix gemaak, waar hy sewende geëindig het, ook vir Hitech.
== Formule 2 ==
In 2018 het Russell oorbeweeg na Formule 2, waar hy, soos Jack Aitken, sy vennootskap met ART Grand Prix voortgesit het. Hy het altesaam sewe wedrenne gewen by die [[Bakoe-straatrenbaan]], die [[Barcelona-Catalunya-renbaan]], die [[Paul Ricard-renbaan]], die Red Bull Ring, die Autodromo Nazionale Monza, die [[Sochi Autodrom]] en die [[Yas Marina-renbaan]]. Hy was ook in vier ander wedrenne op die podium en is as die klaskampioen in die voorlaaste wedren by Yas Marina gekroon. Met 287 punte was hy 68 punte voor [[Lando Norris]], die nommer twee op die finale ranglys.
== Formule 1-loopbaan ==
In Oktober 2015 het Russell vir die eerste keer 'n Formule Een-motor bestuur toe hy die McLaren MP4-26 by [[Silverstone-renbaan|Silverstone]] getoets het as 'n prys vir die wen van die 2014 Autosport BRDC-toekenning.<ref>{{cite web |last=Turner |first=Kevin |date=22 October 2015 |title=McLaren Autosport BRDC Award winner Russell completes prize F1 test |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/mclaren-autosport-brdc-award-winner-russell-completes-prize-f1-test-4998645/4998645/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114201150/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/mclaren-autosport-brdc-award-winner-russell-completes-prize-f1-test-4998645/4998645/ |archive-date=14 November 2022 |accessdate=14 November 2022 |website=autosport.com}}</ref> Nadat hy by die Mercedes Junior-span aangesluit het, het Mercedes hom meer toetsgeleenthede aangebied. Hy het in April 2017 vir die eerste keer 'n Mercedes bestuur en die 2015 Mercedes W06 by Portimão getoets.<ref name=":36">{{Cite web |date=24 June 2017 |title=Mercedes-AMG Petronas Motorsport – George Russell to test W08 in Budapest |url=https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/en/mercedes-amg-f1/george-russell-to-test-w08-in-budapest/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190523211052/https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/en/mercedes-amg-f1/george-russell-to-test-w08-in-budapest/ |archive-date=23 May 2019 |access-date=2 August 2017 |website=Mercedes AMG F1}}</ref> Hy het toe formele toetsritte vir Mercedes (2017 en 2018)<ref name=":36" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Edmondson |first=Laurence |date=1 August 2018 |title=George Russell puts Mercedes on top on final day of Hungaroring test |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/24255335/george-russell-puts-mercedes-top-final-day-hungaroring-test |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114201148/https://www.espn.co.uk/f1/story/_/id/24255335/george-russell-puts-mercedes-top-final-day-hungaroring-test |archive-date=14 November 2022 |accessdate=14 November 2022 |website=espn.co.uk}}</ref> en [[Force India]]-Mercedes (2018) onderneem.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galloway |first=James |date=11 December 2018 |title=F1 Testing: Max Verstappen sets Barcelona pace for Red Bull |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11372420/f1-testing-max-verstappen-sets-pace-mercedes-light-up-barcelona |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=Sky Sports |language=en}}</ref>
=== Force Indiaspan ===
Russell het sy Grand Prix-naweekdebuut aan die einde van die 2017-seisoen gemaak, waar hy vir Force India bestuur het tydens vrye oefening by die [[2017 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|Brasiliaanse]] en die [[2017 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi Grands Prix]].<ref>[https://www.gpupdate.net/nl/f1-nieuws/360714/russell-krijgt-kans-bij-force-india-in-brazilie-en-abu-dhabi/ Russell rijdt in 2017 bij Force India tijdens vrije trainingen van de GP van Brazilië en Abu Dhabi]</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 November 2017 |title=British driver George Russell to debut for Force India in Brazilian Grand Prix practice |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/41907080 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405042636/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/41907080 |archive-date=5 April 2019 |access-date=8 November 2017 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> Mercedes het hom in 2018 tot eerstespan-reserwebestuurder bevorder.<ref>{{cite web |last=Larkam |first=Lewis |date=22 February 2018 |title=Wehrlein, Russell to split Mercedes F1 reserve duties in 2018 |url=https://www.crash.net/f1/news/889928/1/wehrlein-russell-split-mercedes-f1-reserve-duties-2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114201149/https://www.crash.net/f1/news/889928/1/wehrlein-russell-split-mercedes-f1-reserve-duties-2018 |archive-date=14 November 2022 |accessdate=14 November 2022 |website=crash.net}}</ref>
=== Williams (2019–2021) ===
In Oktober 2018 het Mercedes gereël dat Russell sy Formule Een-debuut met enjinkliënt [[Williams Grand Prix Engineering|Williams-Mercedes]] sou maak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Williams sign Mercedes junior Russell on multi-year deal |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.williams-sign-mercedes-junior-russell-on-multi-year-deal.20FsNkLv60MCmc0IGUkEc4.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718133634/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.williams-sign-mercedes-junior-russell-on-multi-year-deal.20FsNkLv60MCmc0IGUkEc4.html |archive-date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Formula1.com}}</ref> Russell het voorheen aansoek gedoen as 'n Williams-bestuurder nadat hy die 2017 GP3-titel gewen het, maar Williams se Paddy Lowe was onaangeraak deur sy nuwe PowerPoint-aanbieding en Russell het na Formule 2 gevorder.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hudson |first=Henry |date=10 August 2023 |title=Leclerc, Norris and Russell: rise of F1's 'golden generation' profiled in new bios |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/leclerc-norris-and-russell-rise-of-f1s-golden-generation-profiled-in-new-bios/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=Motor Sport Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Russell het 'n driejaarkontrak by Williams geteken,<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=15 July 2022 |title=Russell admits that three years with Williams was 'too long' – but says there was 'no way out' {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/russell-admits-that-three-years-with-williams-was-too-long-there-was-no-way.784NYfK7ijIOTap4tvZ4Yu |access-date=16 October 2024 |website=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website}}</ref> maar het 'n Mercedes-toetsbestuurder gebly.<ref>{{cite web |last=Galloway |first=James |date=4 December 2019 |title=F1 Testing: George Russell fastest for Mercedes on 2019's final day |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11877971/f1-testing-george-russell-fastest-for-mercedes-on-2019s-final-day |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114222625/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11877971/f1-testing-george-russell-fastest-for-mercedes-on-2019s-final-day |archive-date=14 November 2022 |accessdate=14 November 2022 |website=skysports.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=Russell to drive for Mercedes in this week's 2022 tyre test in Hungary |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.russell-to-drive-for-mercedes-in-this-weeks-2022-tyre-test-in-hungary.20GgIeVh7gtJT5JJhcUkUR.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117191950/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.russell-to-drive-for-mercedes-in-this-weeks-2022-tyre-test-in-hungary.20GgIeVh7gtJT5JJhcUkUR.html |archive-date=17 November 2022 |access-date=17 November 2022 |website=Formula1.com}}</ref>
Hy was vir die [[2019 Formule Een-seisoen|2019-seisoen]] gepaar met [[Robert Kubica]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 November 2018 |title=Robert Kubica: Polish driver to make F1 comeback with Williams in 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/46300009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122094105/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/46300009 |archive-date=22 November 2018 |access-date=22 November 2018 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref> en toe met [[Nicholas Latifi]] in 2020 en 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russell and Latifi to stay on at Williams in unchanged 2021 driver line-up |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.russell-and-latifi-to-stay-on-at-williams-in-unchanged-2021-driver-line-up.2buMT250BE0Ef8Q2bUBDFE.html |access-date=16 July 2020 |website=formula1.com |date=16 July 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919002445/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.russell-and-latifi-to-stay-on-at-williams-in-unchanged-2021-driver-line-up.2buMT250BE0Ef8Q2bUBDFE.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Sy eerste verskyning vir Williams was by die 2018 na-seisoentoets by Yas Marina-renbaan, waar hy die FW41 bestuur het.<ref>{{cite web |last=Smith |first=Luke |date=27 November 2018 |title=George Russell pleased with 'very positive' first Williams F1 test |url=https://www.crash.net/f1/news/911329/1/russell-pleased-very-positive-first-williams-f1-test |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181127161037/https://www.crash.net/f1/news/911329/1/russell-pleased-very-positive-first-williams-f1-test |archive-date=27 November 2018 |accessdate=14 November 2018 |website=crash.net}}</ref>
Russell se jare by Williams was moeilik. Mercedes het gehoop dat Williams 'n mededingende motor sou inspan; soos Russell later opgemerk het, het Williams van 2015 tot 2017 niks swakker as vyfde op die vervaardigersrangleer geëindig nie.<ref name=":6" /> Toe Russell egter by Williams aangesluit het, was die span ver agter die res van die veld<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2019 |title=Russell accepts Williams slowest despite 'big step' |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/russell-williams-slowest/4345758/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718132131/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/russell-williams-slowest/4345758/ |archive-date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Motorsport.com}}</ref> en hulle kon nie 'n motor vervaardig wat betroubaar om punte kon meeding tot 2021, Russell se laaste jaar by die span nie. Die span was in so 'n geldnood dat hulle oorweeg het om Russell na die [[2020 Formule Een-seisoen|2020-seisoen]] met [[Kevin Magnussen]] te vervang as Magnussen genoeg borggeld kon vind om die span aan die gang te hou.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gamble |first=Andrew |date=6 November 2021 |title=Williams held talks over axing George Russell before Mercedes move |url=https://www.express.co.uk/sport/f1-autosport/1517363/Williams-George-Russell-Mercedes |access-date=20 September 2024 |website=Express.co.uk}}</ref>
As gevolg van Russell se lang lopie by Williams, is hy derde op die lys van meeste wedrenne in 'n loopbaan voordat hy punte aangeteken het, met 37. Die Formule Een-spanhoofde het egter sy vertonings gunstiger beskou. In 2020, 'n jaar waarin Russell slegs drie punte kon aanteken en 18de op die punteleer geëindig het,<ref name=":27">{{Cite web |title=2020 Driver Standings |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2020/drivers |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |language=en}}</ref> the team principals ranked him that year's sixth-best driver.<ref>{{Cite web |title=REVEALED: F1's team bosses choose their Top 10 drivers of 2020 {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/revealed-f1s-team-bosses-choose-their-top-10-drivers-of-2020.2z5yo7av41tQC3MrzeFNa3 |access-date=16 October 2024 |website=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website}}</ref> het die spanhoofde hom as daardie jaar se sesde beste bestuurder aangewys. Daarbenewens het Russell Williams in 2021 terug na respek gelei, met 16 punte en 'n seldsame podiumplek vir Williams.<ref name=":28">{{Cite web |title=2021 Driver Standings |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2021/drivers |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |language=en}}</ref>
In 2018 was Russell die amptelike reserwebestuurder van [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]. In 2019 het hy sy Formule 1-rendebuut as jaer by [[Williams F1|Williams]] gemaak.<ref>[https://nl.motorsport.com/f1/news/george-russell-williams-mercedes-2019/3193708/ Russell maakte in 2019 zijn Formule 1-debuut bij Williams]</ref>
=== 2019-'20 Nuwelingseisoen en eerste punte ===
[[Lêer:George Russell Mugello 2020, race day.jpg|duimnael|Russell by die [[2020 Toskaanse Grand Prix]], waar hy 11de geëindig het.]]
In 2019 het Williams gesukkel om goeie vorm te bereik. By Russell se Formule Een-debuut, die [[2019 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese Grand Prix]], het Russell 19de gekwalifiseer en 16de geëindig.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2019 |title=Australian Grand Prix |url=https://www.williamsf1.com/racing/news/2019/03/australian-grand-prix |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323111815/https://www.williamsf1.com/racing/news/2019/03/australian-grand-prix |archive-date=23 March 2019 |access-date=19 February 2025 |website=[[WilliamsF1| Williams Racing]]}}</ref> Hy het erken dat sy ervaring moeilik was en opgemerk dat die motor "vier sekondes van die pas af was" en dat hy verskeie kere verbygesteek is.<ref name=":25">{{Cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GBqSXuAl3CI |title=Top Drivers on Their First Formula 1 Race {{!}} Lando Norris, George Russell, Ollie Bearman & Alex Albon |date=27 February 2025 |last=High Performance |access-date=5 March 2025 |via=YouTube}} (22:05-25:39)</ref> Williams se stadige pas het in die seisoen voortgeduur, en in die meeste wedrenne was [[Robert Kubica|Kubica]] Russell se enigste kompetisie op die baan: Russell het eers in rondte ses, die [[2019 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]], voor 'n motor van 'n ander span geëindig. Hy het Kubica ook by al een-en-twintig wedrenne getroef.<ref>{{cite web |last=Galloway |first=James |date=30 November 2019 |title=F1 2019 qualifying match-ups: Lando Norris finishes ahead at McLaren |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11874648/f1-2019-qualifying-match-ups-lando-norris-finishes-ahead-at-mclaren |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114221440/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/11874648/f1-2019-qualifying-match-ups-lando-norris-finishes-ahead-at-mclaren |archive-date=14 November 2022 |accessdate=14 November 2022 |website=skysports.com}}</ref>
Russell se beste plek was 11de by die reëngeteisterde [[2019 Duitse Grand Prix|Duitse Grand Prix]], waar Williams 'n opgradering uitgerol het,<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2019 |title=Kubica had 'mixed feelings' after scoring point as he predicts tough weekend in Hungary |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/kubica-had-mixed-feelings-after-scoring-hockenheim-point-as-he-predicts.5uY9VwdUMAYO5aPUYRApgN |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |language=en}}</ref> ses motors het sonder klassifikasie onttrek,<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Russell hails 'best weekend of the year' in Hungary after 'absolute disaster' in Germany {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/russell-hails-hungary-best-weekend-of-the-year-after-disaster-of-germany.XTIJ2pBeqo8PKnpX6bzU5 |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |language=en}}</ref> en nog twee motors het elk 'n tydstraf na die wedren ontvang.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |title=What the teams said - Race day in Germany {{!}} Formula 1® |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/what-the-teams-said-race-day-in-germany-2019.6HeoWvqoqsKvmPTD6tv9ss |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |language=en}}</ref> Hy het amper 10de geëindig, maar het onsuksesvol gevra om tydens 'n veiligheidsmotorperiode vir gladde bande by die kuipe aan te doen.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Collantine |first=Keith |date=30 July 2019 |title="I think it's slicks, mate": How Russell missed his first chance for points |url=https://www.racefans.net/2019/07/30/i-think-its-slicks-mate-how-russell-missed-his-first-chance-for-points/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=RaceFans |language=en}}</ref> In 2023 het Russell opgemerk dat dit die teleurstellendste oomblik van sy loopbaan was. Hy het ook 12de geëindig by die [[2019 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|Brasiliaanse Grand Prix]] nadat 'n laat veiligheidsmotor hom toegelaat het om homself te ontrond, en het helaas punte met 1.668 sekondes misgeloop. Hy het 20ste in die Bestuurderskampioenskap geëindig en geen punte teenoor Kubica se een aangeteken. Russell het later opgemerk dat dit as 'n mededinger vir hom moeilik was om te sien hoe mede-nuwelinge [[Alexander Albon]] en [[Lando Norris]] om punte en podiumplekke meeding nadat hy hulle die vorige jaar in F2 geklop het.<ref name=":25" />
Williams was meer mededingend op die baan in 2020, maar dit het nie op die puntetabel gewys nie, aangesien Williams die hele jaar geen punte aangeteken het nie.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Horton |first=Phillip |date=28 December 2020 |title=Williams' year-on-year gains 'remarkable' – Latifi |url=https://www.motorsportweek.com/2020/12/28/williams-year-on-year-gains-remarkable-latifi/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=Motorsport Week |language=en}}</ref> Russell het egter by verskeie geleenthede byna punte aangeteken, soos die [[2020 Stiermarkse Grand Prix]] (hy het 11de begin, maar na 16de geval nadat hy tydens 'n herbeginrondte in die gruis vasgery het)<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2020 |title=Styrian Grand Prix 2020 race report and highlights: Lewis Hamilton eases to Styrian Grand Prix victory over Bottas as Ferraris collide |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/hamilton-eases-to-styrian-grand-prix-victory-over-bottas-as-ferraris-collide.5PfZ0DxltY7qOrbeVXMLa3 |access-date=5 March 2025 |website=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2020 |title='I messed up' admits George Russell after Lap 4 off in Styrian GP – but says 'slow' Williams was bigger problem {{!}} Formula 1®' |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.i-messed-up-admits-russell-after-lap-4-off-in-styrian-gp-but-says-slow-car.629eTPbqmQWg0ynbcFjbEk.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718132130/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.i-messed-up-admits-russell-after-lap-4-off-in-styrian-gp-but-says-slow-car.629eTPbqmQWg0ynbcFjbEk.html |archive-date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Formula1.com}}</ref> die [[2020 Britse Grand Prix|Britse Grand Prix]] (het 12de geëindig), die [[2020 Toskaanse Grand Prix|Toskaanse Grand Prix]]<ref>{{cite web |date=13 September 2020 |title=Tuscan GP: George Russell denied first Formula 1 points in cruel finish |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/36305/12071330/tuscan-gp-george-russell-denied-first-formula-1-points-in-cruel-finish |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918015258/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/36305/12071330/tuscan-gp-george-russell-denied-first-formula-1-points-in-cruel-finish |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=7 October 2020 |website=skysports.com}}</ref> en die [[2020 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix]] (het onder veiligheidsmotortoestande gebots).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Russell: Imola F1 safety car crash the biggest mistake of my career|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/russell-imola-f1-safety-car-crash-the-biggest-mistake-of-my-career-4977629/4977629/|access-date=18 July 2021|website=Autosport.com|date=2 November 2020|archive-date=18 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718132136/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/russell-imola-f1-safety-car-crash-the-biggest-mistake-of-my-career-4977629/4977629/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Russell het sy eerste punte by die [[2020 Sakhir Grand Prix|Sakhir Grand Prix]] aangeteken, na 'n verrassende bevordering na die Mercedes fabriekspan toe Lewis Hamilton positief getoets het vir COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/en/news/2020/2020-sakhir-grand-prix/2020-sakhir-grand-prix-reserve-driver-announcement/|title=Mercedes Confirms George Russell for Sakhir GP|website=Mercedesamgf1.com|access-date=2 December 2020|archive-date=2 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202074256/https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/en/news/2020/2020-sakhir-grand-prix/2020-sakhir-grand-prix-reserve-driver-announcement/|url-status=live}}</ref> Sy vertoning by Sakhir is wyd geprys deur beide Mercedes en die media.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brundle |first=Martin |author-link=Martin Brundle |date=8 December 2020 |title=Martin Brundle: Sergio Perez, George Russell and the story of a dramatic Sakhir GP |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/24096/12154973/martin-brundle-sergio-perez-george-russell-and-the-story-of-a-dramatic-sakhir-gp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208224618/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/24096/12154973/martin-brundle-sergio-perez-george-russell-and-the-story-of-a-dramatic-sakhir-gp |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=9 December 2020 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Cooper |first=Adam |date=8 December 2020 |title=Mercedes impressed by how Russell handled F1 pressure |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/mercedes-impressed-by-how-attacking-russell-handled-pressure/4923546/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615153151/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/mercedes-impressed-by-how-attacking-russell-handled-pressure/4923546/ |archive-date=15 June 2022 |access-date=11 April 2022 |website=Motorsport.com}}</ref> Hy het die voorste wegspringplek net-net misgeloop,<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2020 |title=F1 2020 Sakhir Grand Prix - Full Qualifying Results |url=https://www.crash.net/f1/results/949884/1/f1-2020-sakhir-grand-prix-full-qualifying-results |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718132131/https://www.crash.net/f1/results/949884/1/f1-2020-sakhir-grand-prix-full-qualifying-results |archive-date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Crash}}</ref> spanmaat Valtteri Bottas by die eerste draai verbygesteek en die grootste deel van die wedren voorgeloop. Hy was egter gedwing om twee keer agtereenvolgens in die kuipe te stop nadat die Mercedes-kuipespan per ongeluk Bottas se voorbande op sy motor gemonteer het na 'n radiofout.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mercedes handed €20,000 fine for Russell tyre mix-up in Sakhir Grand Prix |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.mercedes-handed-eur20-000-fine-for-russell-tyre-mix-up-in-sakhir-grand-prix.3PwKTGxftR3C8ACA5DcDKj.html|access-date=18 July 2021|website=Formula1.com|archive-date=25 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525200351/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.mercedes-handed-eur20-000-fine-for-russell-tyre-mix-up-in-sakhir-grand-prix.3PwKTGxftR3C8ACA5DcDKj.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 December 2020 |title=George Russell 'gutted' as Mercedes debut Sakhir GP win is 'taken away' |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/36305/12153661/george-russell-gutted-as-mercedes-sakhir-gp-win-is-taken-away |access-date=6 September 2024 |work=Sky Sports}}</ref> Hy het Bottas 'n tweede keer verbygesteek, na die tweede plek herstel en was op pad na die wedrenleier Sergio Pérez toe 'n pap wiel hom weer kuipe toe gedwing met tien rondtes oor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 Sakhir Grand Prix: Late puncture costs Russell podium place|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/video.2020-sakhir-grand-prix-late-puncture-costs-russell-podium-place.1687521520283184367.html|access-date=18 July 2021|website=Formula1.com|archive-date=18 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718133637/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/video.2020-sakhir-grand-prix-late-puncture-costs-russell-podium-place.1687521520283184367.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het negende geëindig en twee punte vir die eindstreep en een punt vir die vinnigste rondte behaal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/russell-losing-victory-twice-in-bahrain-really-bloody-hurts/4922790/|title=George Russell: Losing Bahrain F1 victory twice really hurts|website=Motorsport.com|date=6 December 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=7 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207020454/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/russell-losing-victory-twice-in-bahrain-really-bloody-hurts/4922790/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2020 |title=Sergio Perez takes sensational maiden win in Sakhir GP as tyre mix-up ruins Russell's charge |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.sergio-perez-takes-sensational-maiden-win-in-sakhir-gp-as-tyre-issues-ruin.2TBf7rg5wpgELNALXJLRHV.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207063434/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.sergio-perez-takes-sensational-maiden-win-in-sakhir-gp-as-tyre-issues-ruin.2TBf7rg5wpgELNALXJLRHV.html |archive-date=7 December 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |website=Formula1.com}}</ref> Hy het later opgemerk dat terwyl "ek dieselfde bestuurder [in Sakhir] was as wat ek voorheen was...ek presies dieselfde bestuurder 'n week later was [toe ek vir Williams gery het tydens die seisoen-einde [[2020 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix]] ] toe ek reeds in K1 uitgeval het."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Hamilton to make Mercedes return in Abu Dhabi after testing Covid-negative, with Russell heading back to Williams |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.hamilton-to-make-mercedes-return-in-abu-dhabi-after-testing-covid-negative.6crMz5aWmfElFkpMdTpLwL.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210174506/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.hamilton-to-make-mercedes-return-in-abu-dhabi-after-testing-covid-negative.6crMz5aWmfElFkpMdTpLwL.html |archive-date=10 December 2020 |access-date=10 December 2020 |website=Formula1.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Whyman |first=Matt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1koSEQAAQBAJ |title=Inside Mercedes F1: Life in the Fast Lane |date=12 November 2024 |publisher=Crown |isbn=978-0-593-73564-0 |pages=32 |language=en}}</ref> In Aboe Dhabi het hy 'n spesiale helm gedra om die Williams-familie te vereer, wat die span in Oktober verkoop het.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2020 |title=Russell to wear Williams tribute helmet for Abu Dhabi GP. |url=https://www.motorsportweek.com/2020/12/11/russell-to-wear-williams-tribute-helmet-for-abu-dhabi-gp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211085234/https://www.motorsportweek.com/2020/12/11/russell-to-wear-williams-tribute-helmet-for-abu-dhabi-gp/ |archive-date=11 December 2020 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Motorsportweek.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Kunal |date=30 October 2020 |title=Sir Frank & Claire Williams Both Leave Roles At Legendary F1 Team |url=https://www.kunalsf1blog.com/frank-claire-williams-leave-team/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718132133/https://www.kunalsf1blog.com/frank-claire-williams-leave-team/ |archive-date=18 July 2021 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=Kunal's F1 Blog}}</ref> Hy het 18de in die Bestuurderskampioenskap geëindig en drie punte aangeteken, alles vir Mercedes.
=== Mercedesspan ===
Van 4 tot 6 Desember het Russell vir [[Lewis Hamilton]] tydens die [[2020 Sakhir Grand Prix]] in die Mercedesfabriekspan vervang, aangesien Hamilton positief getoets het vir die [[Covid-19-virus]].<ref>{{nl}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.f1head.nl/nieuws/george-russell-vervangt-hamilton-voor-sahkir-gp/|title=George Russell vervangt Hamilton voor Sahkir GP|date=2 Desember 2020|author=Niek Vleugels}}</ref> In dié wedren het Russell sy eerste punte in Formule 1 aangeteken.
Op 7 September 2021 is aangekondig dat Russell die tweede jaer in die Mercedes-span sou wees, vanaf die 2022-seisoen, en dus Hamilton se spanmaat.
=== 2021: Nooienspodium ===
Na Russell se sterk vertonings in [[2020 Formule Een-seisoen|2020]], het Mercedes gekyk na nuwe spanlede vir die 2021-seisoen, maar Williams het geweier om hom van sy kontrak vry te stel.<ref name=":6" /> Daarbenewens het die media gespekuleer dat hy [[Valtteri Bottas]] by Mercedes in 2022 sou vervang sodra hul onderskeie kontrakte verstryk het. Die twee aspirante het by die [[2021 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix]] gebots, toe Russell homself langs Bottas in rondte 30 bevind het. Hy het probeer om Bottas verby te steek, maar het oor 'n nat kol gery en beheer oor sy motor verloor, wat teen Bottas gebots het en 'n dubbele uitval veroorsaak het.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Herbert |first=Danny |date=19 April 2021 |title=Russell and Bottas crash analysis |url=https://drivetribe.com/p/russell-and-bottas-crash-analysis-DUpm07EeT7C8THxciAzozQ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122153611/https://drivetribe.com/p/russell-and-bottas-crash-analysis-DUpm07EeT7C8THxciAzozQ |archive-date=22 January 2022 |access-date=18 July 2021 |website=DriveTribe}}</ref> Russell het aanvanklik die voorval op Bottas blameer, na die ongeluk na Bottas geloop en sy helm geklap (Bottas het met 'n middelvinger gereageer), en hom daarvan beskuldig dat hy "probeer het om hulle albei te verongeluk".<ref>{{cite web |date=18 April 2021 |title=George Russell and Valtteri Bottas crash: Drivers blame each other for causing 'dangerous' Imola collision |url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12279561/george-russell-and-valtteri-bottas-crash-drivers-blame-each-other-for-causing-dangerous-imola-collision |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418235403/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12279561/george-russell-and-valtteri-bottas-crash-drivers-blame-each-other-for-causing-dangerous-imola-collision |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Russell het egter later sy bewerings teruggetrek en aan Bottas en Williams om verskoning gevra.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Noble |first=Jonathan |date=19 April 2021 |title=Russell apologises to Bottas after Imola incident |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/russell-apologises-to-bottas-imola-incident/6350886/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423065857/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/russell-apologises-to-bottas-imola-incident/6350886/ |archive-date=23 April 2021 |access-date=23 April 2021 |website=motorsport.com}}</ref>
Mercedes-baas Toto Wolff het erken dat Bottas in die eerste plek nie langs 'n Williams moes gewees het nie, maar het die grootste deel van sy kritiek vir Russell, 'n Mercedes-junior wat pas 'n Mercedes uitgeneem het, gereserveer.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Richards |first=Giles |date=19 April 2021 |title=Toto Wolff rebukes George Russell over Imola F1 crash with Valtteri Bottas |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/apr/19/toto-wolff-george-russell-imola-crash-valtteri-bottas-mercedes-williams-f1 |access-date=16 October 2024 |work=The Guardian |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Beide bestuurders het probeer om die dispuut, ten minste in die openbaar, af te speel nadat Bottas in 2025 weer by Mercedes aangesluit het.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Medland |first=Chris |date=31 January 2025 |title=Russell sees 2025 as the start of a new career chapter as Mercedes' experienced driver |url=https://racer.com/2025/01/31/russell-sees-2025-as-the-start-of-a-new-career-chapter-as-mercedes-experienced-driver/ |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=RACER |language=en |archive-date=16 Februarie 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216081015/https://racer.com/2025/01/31/russell-sees-2025-as-the-start-of-a-new-career-chapter-as-mercedes-experienced-driver/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAw_G3SF6Fk |title=Valtteri Bottas opens up on his role at Mercedes this season |date=10 February 2025 |last=((Sky Sports F1)) |access-date=17 February 2025 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
== Formule 1-uitslae ==
{{F1 bestuurders resultate legende (weergawe 4)}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%"
!Jaar
!Inskrywer
!Onderstel
!Enjin
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!Plek
!Punte
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2017 Formule Een-seisoen|2017]]
| [[Force India|Sahara Force India]]
| Force India VJM10
| [[Mercedes-AMG]] M08 EQ Power+ [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|[[2017 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Maleisiese Grand Prix|MAL]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]] <br/>{{0}}
|[[2017 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|MEX]] <br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor="#f0f8ff"| [[2017 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]] <br/><small>Toets</small>
|bgcolor="#f0f8ff"| [[2017 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]] <br/><small>Toets</small>
|
|
|
|
|style="background:#efefef"| '''–'''
|style="background:#efefef"| '''–'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2019 Formule Een-seisoen|2019]]
| [[Williams F1|ROKiT Williams Racing]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams FW42]]
| [[Mercedes-AMG]] F1 M10 EQ Power+ [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br /><small>16</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br /><small>15</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br /><small>16</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br /><small>15</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br /><small>17</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br /><small>15</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br /><small>16</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br /><small>19</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br /><small>18</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br /><small>14</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Duitse Grand Prix|DUI]]<br /><small>11</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br /><small>16</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br /><small>15</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br /><small>14</small>
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2019 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#efcfff"| [[2019 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br /><small>16</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Meksikaanse Grand Prix|MEX]]<br /><small>16</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br /><small>17</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Brasiliaanse Grand Prix|BRA]]<br /><small>12</small>
|bgcolor="#cfcfff"| [[2019 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br /><small>17</small>
|
|
|
|style="background:#efefef"| '''20'''
|style="background:#efefef"| '''0'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
!rowspan=2|[[2020 Formule Een-seisoen|2020]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams Racing]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams FW43]]
|rowspan=2|[[Mercedes-AMG]] F1 M11 EQ Performance [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2020 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br />DNF
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Stiermarkse Grand Prix|STI]]<br />16
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />18
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />12
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[70ste Herdenking Grand Prix|70J]]<br />18
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />17
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2020 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br />DNF
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br />14
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Toskaanse Grand Prix|TOS]]<br />11
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]]<br />18
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2020 Eifelse Grand Prix|EIF]]<br />DNF
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Portugese Grand Prix|POR]]<br />14
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2020 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br />DNF
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Turkse Grand Prix|TUR]]<br />16
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />12
|
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2020 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br />15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|rowspan=2 style="background:#efefef"| '''18'''
|rowspan=2 style="background:#efefef"| '''3'''
|-
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| <small>Mercedes-AMG F1 W11 EQ</small>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2020 Sakhir Grand Prix|SAK]]<br />9{{Pictogram snelste ronde}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2021 Formule Een-seisoen|2021]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams Racing]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams FW43B]]
| [[Mercedes-AMG]] F1 M12 E Performance [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]] <br /><small>14</small>
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2021 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Portugese Grand Prix|POR]]<br/><small>16</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]] <br /><small>14</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]] <br /><small>14</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]] <br /><small>17</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]] <br /><small>12</small>
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2021 Stiermarkse Grand Prix|STI]] <br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]] <br /><small>11</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]] <br /><small>12</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]] <br /><small>8</small>
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2021 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]] <br /><small>2</small>‡
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]] <br /><small>17</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br /><small>9</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2021 Russiese Grand Prix|RUS]] <br /><small>10</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Turkse Grand Prix|TUR]] <br /><small>15</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]] <br /><small>14</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]] <br /><small>16</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]] <br /><small>13</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2021 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]] <br /><small>17</small>
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2021 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]] <br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2021 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]] <br /><small>DNF</small>
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''15'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''16'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2022 Formule Een-seisoen|2022]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| [[Mercedes-AMG]]<br/>F1 W13
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes-AMG]]<br/>F1 M13 E Performance [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2022 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup>4
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Franse Grand Prix|FRA]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2022 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2022 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2022 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br/>3
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2022 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>14{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>5{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>4{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2022 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''1'''</sup>1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2022 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>5
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef| '''4'''
|bgcolor=efefef| '''275'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2023 Formule Een-seisoen|2023]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| [[Mercedes-AMG]]<br/>F1 W14
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes-AMG]]<br/>F1 M14 E Performance [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br />7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br />4
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2023 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br /><sup>'''4'''</sup>8{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br />4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br />5
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2023 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br />3
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2023 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br />7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br />5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br />6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br /><sup>'''8'''</sup>6
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br />17
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br />5
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br />16†
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br />7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br /><sup>'''4'''</sup>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br /><sup>'''8'''</sup>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br />6
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2023 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br /><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br />8
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2023 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br />3
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''8'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''175'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| [[Mercedes-AMG]]<br/>F1 W15
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]<br/>F1 M15 E Performance 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2024 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>17<sup>†</sup>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''8'''</sup>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/>7{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2024 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup>1
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2024 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>8{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=000000 style="color:white"| [[2024 Belgiese Grand Prix|<span style="color: #fff;">BEL</span>]]<br/><small>DSQ</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/><sup>'''5'''</sup>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''6'''</sup>4
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2024 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup>3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=efefef|'''6'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''245'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2025 Formule Een-seisoen|2025]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| [[Mercedes-AMG]]<br/>F1 W16
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]<br/>F1 M16 E Performance 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2025 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>11
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>10
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>3{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup>4
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=efefef|'''4'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''319'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2026 Formule Een-seisoen|2026]]*
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| [[Mercedes-AMG]]<br/>F1 W17
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]<br/>F1 M17 E Performance 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2026 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2026 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''1'''</sup>2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup>4
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2026 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/><sup>'''1'''</sup><small>DNF</small>{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2026 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>12
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2026 Barcelona-Katalonië Grand Prix|BKT]]<br/>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2026 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2026 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup>2
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2026 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>{{0}}
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''{{F1stat|RUS|seasonposition}}*'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''{{F1stat|RUS|seasonpoints}}*'''
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
!Jaar
!Inskrywer
!Onderstel
!Enjin
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!Plek
!Punte
|}
* '''*'''<sup>'''1'''</sup> Wenner van die snelwedren.
* <sup>†</sup> Uitgeval, maar wel geklassifiseer omdat hy meer as 90% van die wedrenafstand afgelê het.
* ‡ Halwe punte is toegeken in België in 2021 na 'n verkorte wedren weens swaar reën.
'''*''' Seisoen is nog aan die gang.
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|3}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Russell, George}}
[[Kategorie:Britse renjaers]]
[[Kategorie:Engelse sportlui]]
[[Kategorie:Formule Een-renjaers]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1998]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
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Hakskeenpan
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[[Lêer:The Kalahari Desert (MODIS 2024-01-21), Hakskeen Pan.jpg|duimnael|regs|'n Satellietbeeld van die pan (net links van beeldmiddel), met naasliggende panne van die omgewing]]
'''Hakskeenpan''' is 'n modder- en soutpan in die [[Kalahari]]-woestyn, in [[Suider-Afrika]]. Dit is in die [[Mier Plaaslike Munisipaliteit|Mierstreek]] van die [[Noord-Kaap]] in [[Suid-Afrika]] op 801 meter bo [[seevlak]] geleë.<ref name="Elevation">{{cite web |title=Elevation |url=http://elevationmap.net/hakskeen-pan-south-africa?latlngs=%28-26.8230137,20.1382165%29 |website=elevationmap.net |access-date=16 Februarie 2016 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024091536/https://elevationmap.net/hakskeen-pan-south-africa?latlngs=(-26.8230137,20.1382165) |archive-date=24 Oktober 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Die pan beslaan 'n oppervlakte van ongeveer 140 km².<ref name="Holmes2012">{{cite book|author=Peter Jeremy Holmes|title=Southern African Geomorphology: Recent Trends and New Directions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U9AQZ0RrbzcC&pg=PA158|date=1 September 2012|publisher=AFRICAN SUN MeDIA|isbn=978-1-920382-02-5|pages=158–}}</ref>
== Vorming, geologie en klimaat ==
=== Langtermyn-landskapsevolusie ===
Die huidige Kalaharilandskap is die resultaat van 'n verskeidenheid interaksies tussen tektoniese en geomorfologiese prosesse wat oor aansienlike tydskale gewerk het. Die aanvanklike ontwikkeling van die Kalahari was nou gekoppel aan die evolusie van die [[Afrika]]-landmassa ná die verbrokkeling van die superkontinent [[Gondwanaland]] tydens die [[Mesosoïkum]]. Die geleidelike skeiding van Afrika van die hedendaagse [[Australië]], [[Antarktika]], [[Indië]] en [[Suid-Amerika]] het met die geleidelike verhitting en die skeuring van die kors gepaard gegaan, wat tot die opheffing van die kontinentale marge in Suid-Afrika tot in die laat [[Kryt (geologie)|Kryt]] gelei het. Die ontwikkeling van hierdie opgehewe marge het beduidende implikasies vir die streeksvloeistelsels gehad; die eindproduk was 'n dubbele dreineringspatroon wat hoofsaaklik uit kort riviere bestaan wat direk in die see uit die [[Groot Eskarp, Suider-Afrika|Groot Platorand]] dreineer en langer riviere wat binnelands dreineer en nooit die see bereik nie.
=== Pan-omgewings ===
Panne is klein, geslote bekkens of depressies wat mere bevat en kenmerkend is van droë tot halfdroë gebiede met 'n lae reliëf. Dit is ook baie belangrik as waterbronne vir beide die mens en die natuur. Panne kom oral in die Kalahari en so ver as [[Zambië]] voor, maar is 'n besonder belangrike komponent van die landskap in streke met 'n jaarlikse reënval van minder as 500 mm op onderliggende rots of sediment wat vatbaar is vir winderosie. Die suidelike Kalahari voldoen aan albei hierdie kriteria.
Twee gebiede wat panne bevat, kom in die suide van Kalahari voor, naamlik 'n breë sone wat vanaf [[Upington]], oor die laer [[Molopo]] en noordwaarts tot in [[Namibië]] strek, en 'n kleiner gebied tussen [[Vryburg]] in [[Noordwes]] en Tsabong in [[Botswana]]. Binne hierdie gebiede kom panne as geïsoleerde landskapskenmerke voor, maar ook in deuke in die vloere van droë valleie en paleo-dreineringslyne, en in die gange tussen lineêre duine. Die meerderheid het geen oppervlaktoevloei nie, hoewel sommige oor kort, swakontwikkelde kanale beskik wat afloop tydens groot stortbuie lewer. Hakskeenpan is een van die grootste geïsoleerde panne in die Suid-Afrikaanse Kalahari; die ander opvallende pan is Koppieskraalpan direk suidwes van die [[Kgalagadi-vredespark]].
=== Klimaat ===
Die klimaat in die Suid-Kalahari-ekostreek is half-dor. Die [[temperatuur]] wissel baie, beide op 'n seisoenale en daaglikse basis, met 'n gemiddelde maksimum- en minimumtemperatuur van 35,7[[°C]] en 19,5°C in Januarie en 22,2°C en 1,2°C in Julie. Reënval is onbetroubaar en onreëlmatig, en val veral gedurende die vlugtige, hoë intensiteit donderstorms tussen November en April. Voordat die reënseisoen begin, waai sterk noordwestewinde tussen September en November, wat stofstorms veroorsaak. Die gemiddelde jaarlikse neerslag is ongeveer 223 mm. Die humiditeit is laag en verdamping hoog; laasgenoemde veroorsaak die karakteristieke groot tekort in die jaarlikse waterbegroting. Die rivierwater in die stelsel is geneig om alkalies en troebel te wees. Die riviere vloei egter net vlugtig na 'n reënbui, en vinnige infiltrasie in die sanderige Kalaharibodem beteken dat die vloede, hoewel hulle tog by tye voorkom, skaars is, en dat die riviere vinnig ophou vloei.
== Naam ==
"Hakskeen" verwys waarskynlik na die vorm van hierdie pan op 'n kaart. "Pan" is die Afrikaanse woord vir 'n "vlak meer", hetsy droog of met water gevul.
== Landspoedrekordpoging ==
Die Bloodhound SSC-span het Hakskeenpan gekies om hul aanslag op die landspoedrekord uit te voer nadat lae reënval in die Black Rock-woestyn van [[Nevada]] hul poging aldaar laat misluk het, en daar nie voldoende water was om die oppervlak gelyk te maak nie. Die span het Hakskeenpan weens sy plat oppervlak gekies. Die baan waarop Bloodhound SSC op die Hakskeenpan getoets is, is 1 100 meter breed en 20 km lank.
Met toetse wat gedurende Oktober en November 2019 plaasgevind het, het die Bloodhound 'n spoed van 1 010 km/h behaal, amptelik die sesde vinnigste tot nog toe. Die span het na [[Europa]] teruggekeer waar 'n vuurpyl vir die beplande aanslag op die 1 228 km/h rekord aangebring sou word. Dié aanslag is vir 2020 beplan,<ref>''Bloodhound-projek: R 200m. kort om tot in rekordboek te jaag.'' [[Die Burger]]. 13 Desember 2019.</ref> maar is deur die [[Covid-19-pandemie]] en gevolglike gebrek aan befondsing gekelder. Die rentuig word sedertdien by die Conventry-vervoermuseum uitgestal.
{{Koördinate|26|49|22.88|S|20|08|17.58|O|aansig=titel}}
== Lees ook ==
*[[Kalahari-pannestreek]]
*[[Koppieskraalpan]]
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Noord-Kaap]]
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Groot-Winterhoekberge (Oos-Kaap)
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{{Inligtingskas Berg
| Naam = Groot-Winterhoekberge
| Foto = ISS059-E-91096 - View of South Africa, Groot-Winterhoek.jpg
| Foto onderskrif = Omgewing van Groot-Winterhoekberge (net bo beeldmidde<!--nie middel-->) op 'n [[Nasa]]-satellietfoto van 2019
| Hoogte = 1758 m (Cockscomb)
| Ligging = [[Oos-Kaap]], [[Suid-Afrika]]
| Bergreeks = [[Kaapse Plooigordel]]
| Prominensie =
| Koördinate = {{Koördinate|33|34|15|S|24|47|05|O|type:mountain|aansig=inlyn,titel}}<!--ligging van Cockscomb-->
| Topografiese kaart =
| Tipe =
| geonames = 998780
}}
Die '''Groot-Winterhoekberge''' is 'n bergreeks van ongeveer 80 km wat in 'n amper oos-wes rigting strek, net noord vanaf [[Uitenhage]] tot waar die [[Baviaanskloofberge]] ophou. Die hoogste pieke in die reeks is die [[Cockscomb]] (1 768 m) en Tierhoekberg (1 408 m).<ref>https://www.baviaans.co.za/page/geology</ref> Die [[KwaZungarivier|KwaZunga]]- en [[Elandsrivier (Oos-Kaap, lat -33,75, long 25,34)|Elandsrivier]]e loop suid van die berg, en aan die westepunt word dit deur die [[Gamtoosrivier|Grootrivier]] van die Bloukoprante en Baviaanskloofberge geskei.
==Gelyknamige berg==
Noord van [[Tulbagh]] is daar ook die [[Wes-Kaap]]se [[Groot-Winterhoekberge]], en reg noordwaarts in die [[Kamdeboo]] is die [[Klein-Winterhoekberge]]. Hierdie berg moet ook nie met die [[Winterberge]], verder noord in die [[Oos-Kaap]], verwar word nie. Dié lê noord van die klein dorpies [[Bedford]], [[Adelaide]] en [[Fort Beaufort]].
[[Lêer:Sandrivier, Groot Winterhoek.jpg|duimnael|links|300px|Die Groot-Winterhoekberge vorm die gesigseinder in hierdie uitsig van [[St. Francisbaai]] af]]
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{Saadjie}}
[[Kategorie:Oos-Kaap]]
[[Kategorie:Bergreekse in Suid-Afrika]]
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Alexander F.I. Forbes
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{{Weesbladsy}}
{{Inligtingskas2
|naam = Alexander Forbes Irvine Forbes
|kleur =
|titel =
|beeld =
|beeld_wydte = 180px
|beeld_onderskrif =
|beeld2 =
|beeld2_wydte =
|beeld2_onderskrif =
|opskrif1 = Gebore
|1 = {{geboortedatum |1871|04|13}}
|opskrif2 = Oorlede
|2 = {{SDEO |1959|05|15|1871|04|13}}
|opskrif3 = Bekend vir
|3 =Ontdekking van periodieke [[Komeet|komete]]
|opskrif4 = Eggenoot
|4 = Louisa Elizabeth Henrietta Crowther
|opskrif5 = Vakgebiede
|5 =[[sterrekunde]], [[argitektuur]]
}}
'''Alexander Forbes Irvine Forbes''' (13 April 1871 - 15 Mei 1959) was 'n Suid-Afrikaanse [[Sterrekunde|sterrekundige]], [[argitek]] en [[kunstenaar]], veral bekend vir sy ontdekking van periodieke [[Komeet|komete]].
==Vroeë lewe en loopbaan==
Forbes is in Kinellar, [[Aberdeen|Aberdeenshire]], [[Skotland]] op 13 April 1871 gebore. Sy pa was 'n amateur-sterrekundige wat op die landgoed "Blairythan" in County Aberdeen gewoon het,{{R|AssaObit}} wat aan 'n ander amateur-sterrekundige, [[David Gill]], behoort het. Forbes senior het sy eie teleskoop gebou en sy belangstelling in sterrekunde met sy seun gedeel.{{R|AssaObit|s2a3}}
Forbes is in Skotland opgelei en verhuis na die Kaapkolonie, Suid-Afrika in 1896. Hy het in [[Woodstock (kiesafdeling)|Woodstock, Kaapstad]], gebly waar hy as bouer gewerk het tot 1907 toe hy na Skotland terugkeer om [[argitektuur]] te studeer. Hy voltooi sy studies in 1909 en word lid van die Instituut vir Argitekte. Hy keer terug na Kaapstad en praktiseer daar tot 1932 as argitek.{{R|AssaObit|s2a3}}
In 1912 neem hy deel aan 'n bod vir die ontwerp van die stad [[Canberra]], [[Australië]], en sy argitektoniese ontwerp was onder die aanvanklike kortlys van 46, maar is uiteindelik nie gekies nie.{{R|Canberra}}
Hy woon toe in [[Rosebank, Kaapstad]], waar hy 'n 200 mm weerkaatsende teleskoop en 'n klein [[sterrewag]] by sy huis, Craigie Brae, in Liesbeekweg gebou het.{{R|AssaObit|s2a3}}
Forbes het gereeld lesings oor astronomiese onderwerpe gegee. In 1921 lees hy 'n referaat oor "Reflekterende teleskope, met praktiese aanwysings om die spieël te maal en uit te werk" aan die Kaapse Sterrekundige Vereniging en in 1927 "Satelliete en hul bewegings" aan die Natalse Astronomiese Genootskap voor. Hy het oor astronomiese instrumente vir die ''Journal of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa'' en aantekeninge oor sy astronomiese werk vir die ''Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa'' geskryf.{{R|s2a3}}
== Komeet-ontdekkings ==
Forbes het vier komete ontdek:{{R|s2a3}}
* In 1928 herontdek hy die komeet Pons-Coggia-Winnecke (nou Pons-Coggia-Winnecke-Forbes of 27P/Crommelin ter ere van die sterrekundige wat sy wentelbaan bereken het.)
* 37P/Forbes
* 1930e (Forbes)
* 1932n (Dodwell-Forbes)
== Lidmaatskap en erkenning ==
* Lid van die Kaapse Astronomiese Genootskap{{R|s2a3}}
* Ere-tesourier van die Kaapse Astronomiese Genootskap 1922 <!-- {{R|s2a3}} geld vir almal -->
* Alternatiewe raadslid en ere-tesourier vir die Astronomiese Genootskap van Suid-Afrika 1923 - 1932
* Bibliotekaris van die Astronomiese Genootskap van Suid-Afrika 1926 - 1930
* President van die Astronomiese Genootskap van Suid-Afrika 1942 - 1943
* Direkteur van die komeetafdeling, Kaapse Astronomiese Genootskap 1929 - 1945
* Direkteur van die Sterretekenligafdeling, Kaapse Astronomiese Genootskap 1934 - 1945
* 127ste Donohoe Comet-toekenning 1929 (vir 27P/Crommelin).{{R|CometAward}} Hy het nog 3 ander Donohoe Comet -toekennings ontvang vir ander ontdekkings.{{R|IOP}}
== Persoonlike lewe ==
Forbes het op 18 September 1900 in die Kaapprovinsie met Louisa Elizabeth Henrietta Crowther getrou.{{R|1820Settlers}} Hy tree in 1932 af by Hermanus, waar hy 'n ander sterrewag by sy huis "Blairythan" bou en die teleskoop van Rosebank na Hermanus verskuif.{{R|Obit}} Hy het die huis ontwerp en al sy deure self gemaak. In 1956 keer hy terug na Kaapstad weens swak gesondheid{{R|Obit}} en woon tot sy dood in 1959 by sy niggie, mev. Hewiston.{{R|AssaObit|s2a3}}
In 2009 is een van sy skilderye, ''Hermanus Coast Line'' op 'n veiling verkoop.{{R|EHRMANN|invaluable}}
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings|verwysings=
<ref name="1820Settlers">{{cite web | title=Transcriptions of South African Marriage Entries: British 1820 Settlers to South Africa - FORBES | website=British 1820 Settlers to South Africa | date=11 Maart 2019 | url=https://www.1820settlers.com/genealogy/settlerbrowsemarrs.php?name=FORBES |access-date=30 September 2021 |language=en}}
</ref>
<ref name="AssaObit">{{cite web|url=https://assa.saao.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/09/Forbes_AFI-obit.pdf |title=Extract from: Minutes of the Meeting of the South African Astronomical Observatory, 19 June 1959 |format=PDF |access-date=30 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Canberra">{{cite web |title=An Ideal City? - Competition Shortlist |url=http://www.idealcity.org.au/46/shortlist-62.html |website=Canberra City Town Planning |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510174956/http://www.idealcity.org.au/46/shortlist-62.html |archivedate=10 Mei 2016 |date=1912 |access-date=30 September 2021 |language=en}}
</ref>
<ref name="CometAward">{{cite journal | title=Comet Medal Awards | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific | publisher=IOP Publishing | volume=41 | issue=244 | year=1929 | issn=0004-6280 | doi=10.1086/123974 | bibcode=1929PASP...41..368. | page=368| doi-access=free |language=en}}
</ref>
<ref name="EHRMANN">{{cite web | last=Ehrmann | first=Thierry | title=Auctions for Painting by Alexander Forbes Irvine FORBES: sold lots by Alexander Forbes Irvine FORBES | website=Artprice.com | url=https://www.artprice.com/artist/484978/alexander-forbes-irvine-forbes/lots/pasts/1/painting | access-date=30 September 2021 | language=en | archive-date=30 September 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930154715/https://www.artprice.com/artist/484978/alexander-forbes-irvine-forbes/lots/pasts/1/painting | url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="invaluable">{{cite web | title=Alexander Forbes Irvine FORBES (1871 - 1959) OIL | website=invaluable.com | date=28 September 2009 | url=https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/alexander-forbes-irvine-forbes-1871-1959-oil-200-c-66aad5ce3e |access-date=30 September 2021 |language=en}}
</ref>
<ref name="IOP">{{cite journal | title=Report of the Comet Medal Committee | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific | publisher=IOP Publishing | volume=41 | issue=239 | year=1929 | issn=0004-6280 | doi=10.1086/123911 | bibcode=1929PASP...41...72. | page=72| doi-access=free |language=en}}
</ref>
<ref name="Obit">{{cite journal |last1=Kleyn |first1=Steve |title=A F I Forbes of Hermanus |journal=Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of Southern Africa |date=Desember 2002 |volume=61 |issue=11 & 12 |url=https://assa.saao.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/09/Forbes_AFI-obit-mnassa.pdf |pages=189–193 |bibcode=2002MNSSA..61..189K |language=en}}
</ref>
<ref name="s2a3">{{cite web | title= Forbes, Mr. Alexander Forbes Irvine (astronomy) | website=s2a3.org.za | date=15 Mei 1959 | url=https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=955 |access-date=30 September 2021 |language=en}}
</ref>
}}
{{normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Forbes, Alexander}}
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1871]]
[[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1959]]
[[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse wetenskaplikes]]
[[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse sterrekundiges]]
ma3sjbu9na5yxu57ycbmjdwes91vozt
AVN-prys vir manlike kunstenaar van die jaar
0
386358
2928749
2848179
2026-08-22T02:08:27Z
InternetArchiveBot
131157
Red 4 verwysing(s) en merk 0 as dood.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
2928749
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas
|naam = AVN-prys vir manlike kunstenaar <br>van die jaar
|titel =AVN-prys vir die bydrae van manlike <br>kunstenaars tot die pornografiebedryf
|kleur = #eedd82;
|beeld = Seth_Gamble_at_the_Perspective_movie_premiere.jpg
|beeld_wydte = 200px
|beeld_onderskrif = Die ontvanger van die 2023-prys, Seth Gamble.
|beeld2 =
|beeld2_wydte =
|beeld2_onderskrif =
|opskrif1 = Toegeken vir
|1 = Beste optrede deur 'n [[Pornografiese akteur#Porno-akteurs|manlike akteur]]
|opskrif2 = Geborg deur
|2 = [[AVN]]
|opskrif3 = Plek
|3 = [[Las Vegas]]
|opskrif4 = Land
|4 = [[VSA]]
|opskrif5 = Eerste toekenning
|5 = {{Begin datum en ouderdom|1993}}
|opskrif6 = Mees onlangse wenner
|6 = Vince Karter (2025)
|opskrif7 = Meeste pryse gewen
|7 = [[Manuel Ferrara]] (6)
|opskrif8 = Meeste <br>benoemings
|8 = Erik Everhard (14)
|opskrif9 = Eerste wenner
|9 = [[Rocco Siffredi]]
|opskrif10 = Webtuiste
|10 = {{URL|http://avnawards.avn.com}}
|opskrif11 =
|11 =
|opskrif12 =
|12 =
}}
Die '''AVN-prys vir manlike kunstenaar van die jaar''' ([[Engels]]: ''AVN Award for Male Performer of the Year'') is 'n prys wat sedert 1993 jaarliks deur die [[pornografie|seksbedryfmaatskappy]] [[AVN]] toegeken word<ref name="avnwin1993"/> (benewens die prys vir beste akteur). Die eerste wenner was [[Rocco Siffredi]], wat dit in 1993 op die 10de AVN-prysaand ontvang het. Teen 2021 het [[Manuel Ferrara]] die prys die meeste keer gewen: altesaam ses keer. [[Lexington Steele]], [[Mick Blue]] en [[Evan Stone]] het dit elk drie keer gewen, en Rocco Siffredi, [[James Deen]], [[Small Hands]] en [[Tom Byron]] twee keer. James Deen was op 22 die jongste ontvanger van die prys<ref>{{cite news |title=What Women Want: Porn and the Frontier of Female Sexuality |url=https://magazine.good.is/articles/what-women-want |newspaper=Good |date=15 November 2011 |access-date=9 Junie 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125115839/https://magazine.good.is/articles/what-women-want |archive-date=25 Januarie 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> en Tommy Pistol op 45 die oudste. Die mees onlangse wenner was Vince Karter in 2025.<ref name="Winners2023"/>
==Ontvangers==
[[Beeld:Manuel Ferrara 2010.jpg|thumb|170px|Manuel Ferrara het die prys altesaam ses keer gewen.]]
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| footer = Van bo: Lexington Steele, Mick Blue en Evan Stone het die prys elk drie keer gewen.
| width = 170
| image1 = Lexington Steele 2014.jpg
| width1 = 130
| alt1 = Lexington Steele
| caption1 =
| image2 = Mick Blue 2015.jpg
| width2 = 130
| alt2 = Mick Blue
| caption2 =
| image3 = AN Evan Stone 1.JPG
| width3 = 130
| alt3 = Evan Stone
| caption3 =
}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| footer = Van bo: Rocco Siffredi, James Deen, Tom Byron en Small Hands het dit elk twee keer gewen.
| width = 170
| image1 = Rocco Siffredi 2010.jpg
| width1 = 130
| alt1 = Rocco Siffredi
| caption1 =
| image2 = James Deen 2010.jpg
| width2 = 130
| alt2 = James Deen
| caption2 =
| image3 = Tom Byron 2012.jpg
| width3 = 130
| alt3 = Tom Byron
| caption3 =
| image4 = Master Gio and Small Hands at Inked Awards 2016 (31953511745).jpg
| width4 = 130
| alt4 = Small Hands
| caption4 =
}}
{|Class="wikitable sortable"
! Jaar
! Foto
! Naam
! Verw.
|-
|1993
|[[Lêer:Rocco Siffredi - Lucca Comics & Games 2016.jpg|120px]]
! [[Rocco Siffredi]]
|<ref name="avnwin1993">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233228/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1993 |title=1993 AVN Awards Show - History|work=[[AVN]]|archive-date=December 30, 2013|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1993 |access-date=March 16, 2015}}</ref><ref name="avnwin&nom1993">{{cite magazine |last=Ross |first=Gene |title=The Adult Video News Awards, 1993 The Year of Gere|magazine=Adult Video News |location=Upper Darby, Pennsylvania|publisher=AVN Publications, Inc. |date=March 1993 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=32–44 |issn=0883-7090 }}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |people=Di Mercurio, S. Marco (Director) |year=1993 |title=The 10th Annual Adult Video News Awards |medium=videotape |publisher=VCA Pictures }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=On the Road: 1993 Adult Video Awards, Las Vegas, Nevada |magazine=Cheri |location=New York, New York |publisher=Cheri Magazine, Inc. |date=June 1993 |pages=20–27 |issn=1059-7131 }}</ref>
|-
|1994
|[[Beeld:Jonathan Morgan.JPG|120px]]
! Jonathan Morgan
|<ref name="avnwin1994">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118084332/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1994 |title=1994 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|archive-date=January 18, 2014|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1994 |access-date=March 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |people=Di Mercurio, S. Marco (Director) |year=1994 |title=The 11th Annual Adult Video News Awards |medium=videotape |publisher=VCA Pictures }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Ross |first=Gene |title=Tits & Sluts & Rock 'n' Roll: The 11th Annual AVN Awards Show|magazine=Adult Video News |location=Upper Darby, Pennsylvania|publisher=AVN Publications, Inc. |date=March 1994 |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=14–74 |issn=0883-7090 }}</ref>
|-
|1995
|[[Beeld:Jon Dough 2005 AVN Expo.jpg|120px]]
! [[Jon Dough]]
|<ref name="avnwin1995">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029205723/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1995 |title=1995 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|archive-date=October 29, 2013|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1995 |access-date=March 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |people=Stone, Mark (Director) |year=1995 |title=The 12th Annual AVN Awards Show |medium=videotape |publisher=VCA Pictures }}</ref><ref name="avnwin&nom1995">{{cite magazine |last=Ross |first=Gene |title=Star Light, Star Bright, First Star We See Tonight…|magazine=Adult Video News |location=Los Angeles, California|publisher=AVN Publications, Inc. |date=March 1995 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=24–82 |issn=0883-7090 }}</ref>
|-
|1996
|[[Lêer:Rocco Siffredi - Lucca Comics & Games 2016.jpg|120px]]
! [[Rocco Siffredi]]
|<ref name="avnwin1996">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029204730/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1996 |title=1996 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|archive-date=October 29, 2013|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1996 |access-date=March 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Ross |first=Gene |title=Latex Sweeps 13th Annual AVN Awards Show|magazine=Adult Video News |location=Los Angeles, California|publisher=Adult Video News |date=March 1996 |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=26–84 }}</ref>
|-
|1997
|[[Beeld:T. T. Boy.jpg|120px]]
! [[T. T. Boy]]
|<ref name="avnwin1997">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000936/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1997 |title=1997 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|archive-date=December 31, 2013|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1997 |access-date=March 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=1997 AVN|magazine=Swank's Video World |location=Paramus, New Jersey|publisher=Swank Publications, Inc. |date=June 1997 |pages=66–67 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Ross |first=Gene |title=Shock, Bobby Sox Dominate the 14th Annual AVN Awards Show|magazine=Adult Video News |location=Van Nuys, California|publisher=AVN Publications, Inc. |date=March 1997 |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=20–69 |issn=0883-7090 }}</ref>
|-
|1998
|rowspan="2"|[[Beeld:Tom Byron 2012.jpg|120px]]
! rowspan="2"|Tom Byron
|<ref name="avnwin1998">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115041053/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1998 |title=1998 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|archive-date=January 15, 2014|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1998 |access-date=March 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Ross |first=Gene |title=Buda, Bad Wives & Zazel Take Top Prizes at the 15th Annual AVN Awards|magazine=Adult Video News |location=Van Nuys, California|publisher=AVN Publications, Inc. |date=March 1998 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=52–97 |issn=0883-7090 }}</ref>
|-
|1999
|<ref name="avnwin1999">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233428/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1999 |title=1999 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|archive-date=December 30, 2013|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/1999 |access-date=March 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=March 1999 |title=The 1999 AVN Awards Winners |journal=Adult Video News |location=Van Nuys, CA |publisher=AVN Publications, Inc.| publication-date=March 1, 1999 |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=56–58 |issn=0883-7090 }}</ref>
|-
|2000
|[[Beeld:Lexington Steele 2014.jpg|120px]]
! [[Lexington Steele]]
|<ref name="avnwin2000">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118083959/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2000 |title=2000 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|archive-date=January 18, 2014 |url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2000 |access-date=March 25, 2015}}</ref><ref name="AVN-mag">{{cite magazine |last=Ross |first=Gene |title=Double Feature!, Dark Garden and Seven Deadly Sins Take Top Honors At 17th Annual AVN Awards |magazine=Adult Video News |location=Chatsworth, California |publisher=AVN Publications, Inc. |date=March 2000 |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=38–96 |issn=0883-7090 }}</ref>
|-
|2001
|[[Beeld:Evan Stone 2017.jpg|120px]]
! [[Evan Stone]]
|<ref name="avnwin2001">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000934/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2001 |title=2001 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|archive-date=December 31, 2013|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2001 |access-date=March 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Ehrlich |first=Susie |date=March 2001 |title=Dark Angels, Les Vampyres and Watchers Reap Souls and Trophies at the 18th Annual AVN Awards |magazine=Adult Video News |location=Chatsworth, California |publisher=AVN Publications, Inc. |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=48–83 |issn=0883-7090 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=April 2001 |title=AVN Adult Expo 2001 |magazine=Adult Cinema Review |location=New York, New York |publisher=Global Media Group, Ltd. |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=6–13 |issn=0277-2914 }}</ref>
|-
|2002
|rowspan="2"|[[Beeld:Lexington Steele 2014.jpg|120px]]
! rowspan="2"|[[Lexington Steele]]
|<ref name="avnwin2002">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204223517/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2002 |title=2002 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|archive-date=December 4, 2013|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2002 |access-date=April 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Milne |first1=Carly |last2=Ramone |first2=Mike |date=March 2002 |title=Fade to Black, Euphoria Big Winners at 2002 AVN Awards Show |magazine=Adult Video News |location=Chatsworth, California |publisher=AVN Publications, Inc. |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=36–68 |issn=0883-7090 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=AVN Awards 2002 |magazine=Adult Cinema Review |location=New York, New York |publisher=Global Media Group Ltd. |date=May 2002 |pages=10–13 |issn=0277-2914 }}</ref>
|-
|2003
|<ref name="avnwin2003">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194214/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2003|title=2003 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|archive-date=October 29, 2013|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2003|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2004
|[[Beeld:Michael Stefano AVN Expo 2005.jpg|120px]]
! Michael Stefano
|<ref name="avnwin2004">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205023920/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2004|title=2004 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|archive-date=December 5, 2013|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2004|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2005
|rowspan="2"|[[Beeld: Manuel Ferrara 2019 by Glenn Francis.jpg|120px]]
! rowspan="2"|[[Manuel Ferrara]]
|<ref name="avnwin2005">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118084336/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2005|title=2005 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|publisher=AVN Media Network|archive-date=January 18, 2014|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2005|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2006
|<ref name="avnwin2006">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222223329/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2006|title=2006 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|publisher=AVN Media Network|archive-date=February 22, 2014|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2006|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2007
|[[Beeld:Tommy Gunn 2019 by Glenn Francis.jpg|120px]]
! [[Tommy Gunn]]
|<ref name="avnwin2007">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222222149/https://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2007|title=2007 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|publisher=AVN Media Network|archive-date=February 22, 2014|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2007|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2008
|[[Beeld:Evan Stone 2017.jpg|120px]]
! [[Evan Stone]]
|<ref name="avnwin2008">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203050255/http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2008|title=2008 AVN Awards Show - History|work=AVN|publisher=AVN Media Network|archive-date=December 3, 2013|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/past/winners/2008 |access-date=July 4, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2009
|[[Beeld:James Deen 2010.jpg|120px]]
! [[James Deen]]
|<ref name="avnwin2009">{{cite web|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/2009-AVN-Award-Winners-Announced-56551.html|title=AVN - 2009 AVN Award-Winners Announced|work=AVN|publisher=AVN Media Network|last=Sullivan|first=David|date=January 11, 2009|access-date=July 4, 2016|archive-date= 3 Mei 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503094829/http://business.avn.com/articles/2009-AVN-Award-Winners-Announced-56551.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2010
|[[Beeld: Manuel Ferrara 2019 by Glenn Francis.jpg|120px]]
! [[Manuel Ferrara]]
|<ref name="avnwin2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.xbiz.com/news/116352 |title=2010 AVN Adult Movie Awards Winners Announced|work=XBIZ|publisher=Adnet Media|last=Johnson|first=Bob|date=January 11, 2010|access-date=July 24, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2011
|[[Beeld:Evan Stone 2017.jpg|120px]]
! [[Evan Stone]]
|<ref name="avnwin2011">{{cite web|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Announces-the-Winners-of-the-2011-AVN-Awards-421782.html|title=AVN Announces the Winners of the 2011 AVN Awards|work=AVN|publisher=AVN Media Network|date=January 9, 2011|access-date=July 24, 2016|archive-date=10 Januarie 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110172712/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Announces-the-Winners-of-the-2011-AVN-Awards-421782.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|[[Beeld: Manuel Ferrara 2019 by Glenn Francis.jpg|120px]]
! [[Manuel Ferrara]]
|<ref name="avnwin2012">{{cite web|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Announces-the-2012-AVN-Award-Winners-461715.html|title=AVN Announces the 2012 AVN Award Winners|work=AVN|publisher=AVN Media Network|date=January 22, 2012|access-date=July 2, 2016|archive-date=29 Junie 2012|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20120629195808/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Announces-the-2012-AVN-Award-Winners-461715.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|[[Beeld:James Deen 2010.jpg|120px]]
! [[James Deen]]
|<ref name="avnwin2013">{{cite web|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/The-2013-AVN-Award-Winners-503520.html|title=The 2013 AVN Award Winners!|work=AVN|publisher=AVN Media Network|access-date=July 2, 2016|archive-date=28 Maart 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150328015659/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/The-2013-AVN-Award-Winners-503520.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|[[Beeld: Manuel Ferrara 2019 by Glenn Francis.jpg|120px]]
! [[Manuel Ferrara]]
|<ref name="avnwin2014">{{cite web|url=http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Announces-the-Winners-of-the-2014-AVN-Awards-544448.html|title=AVN Announces the Winners of the 2014 AVN Awards|work=AVN|date=January 21, 2014|access-date=February 7, 2016|archive-date= 1 Februarie 2016|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20160201103626/http://business.avn.com/articles/video/AVN-Announces-the-Winners-of-the-2014-AVN-Awards-544448.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|rowspan="3"|[[Beeld:Mick Blue 2015.jpg|120px]]
! rowspan="3"|[[Mick Blue]]
||<ref name="avnwin2015">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128010221/http://avnawards.avn.com/pages/5|archive-date=January 28, 2015|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/pages/5|title=AVN - 2015 AVN Awards Show|work=AVN|publisher=AVN Media Network|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://avnawards.avn.com/winners|title=2016 AVN Awards Winners|access-date=2016-01-24|date=2016-01-24|magazine=AVN|archive-date=2016-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128025847/http://avnawards.avn.com/winners/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|<ref name="Winners">{{cite web |url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2017-avn-award-winners-announced-712151.html |title=2017 AVN Award Winners Announced |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=January 21, 2017 |website=Adult Video News |publisher=AVN Media Network |access-date=January 22, 2017}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|
! Markus Dupree
|<ref name="Winners2018">{{cite web |url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2018-avn-award-winners-announced-759869.html |title=2018 AVN Award Winners Announced |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=January 28, 2018 |website=Adult Video News |publisher=AVN Media Network |access-date=February 4, 2018}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|[[Beeld: Manuel Ferrara 2019 by Glenn Francis.jpg|120px]]
! [[Manuel Ferrara]]
|<ref name="Winners2019">{{cite magazine |url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2019-avn-813648.html|title=2019 AVN Award Winners Announced|date=January 27, 2019|magazine=[[AVN]]}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|rowspan="2"|[[Beeld:Master Gio and Small Hands at Inked Awards 2016 (31953511745).jpg|120px]]
! rowspan="2"|[[Small Hands]]
|<ref name="Winners2020">{{cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2020-avn-award-winners-announced-863917.html|title=''2020 AVN Award Winners Announced''|publisher=[[AVN]]|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=January 25, 2020|access-date=January 28, 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|<ref name="Winners2021">{{cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2021-avn-award-winners-announced-895732.html|title=''2021 AVN Award Winners Announced''|publisher=[[AVN]]|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=January 23, 2021|accessdate=February 23, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|[[Beeld:Tommy_Pistol_2013.jpg|120px]]
! Tommy Pistol
|<ref name="Winners2022">{{cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/winners|title=''2022 AVN Award Winners Announced''|publisher=AVN Media Network|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=January 22, 2022|accessdate=January 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/2022_nominees|title=''2022 AVN Award Nominees''|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|publisher=AVN Media Network|date=November 19, 2021|access-date=November 27, 2021|archive-date=19 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119093549/https://avn.com/awards/2022_nominees|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|[[Beeld:Seth_Gamble_at_the_Perspective_movie_premiere.jpg|120px]]
! Seth Gamble
|<ref name="Winners2023">{{cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2023-avn-award-winners-announced-914695.html|title=2023 AVN Award Winners Announced|publisher=[[AVN]]|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=January 8, 2023|accessdate=January 10, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/2023_nominees|title=2023 AVN Award Nominees|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|publisher=[[AVN]]|date=November 4, 2021|access-date=December 18, 2022|archive-date= 6 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106183135/https://avn.com/awards/2023_nominees|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|[[Beeld:Isiah Maxwell Family, Integrity, and Racism in Porn-1, 2020.jpg|120px]]
! Isiah Maxwell
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/winners|title=2024 AVN Award Winners Announced|publisher=[[AVN]]|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=January 29, 2024|accessdate=February 3, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/2024_nominees|title=2024 AVN Award Nominees|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|publisher=[[AVN]]|date=November 15, 2023|access-date=November 15, 2023|archive-date=14 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114170527/https://avn.com/awards/2024_nominees|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|
! Vince Karter
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://avn.com/business/articles/video/2025-avn-award-winners-announced-926775.html|title=''2025 AVN Award Winners Announced''|publisher=[[AVN]]|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=January 31, 2025|accessdate=January 31, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://avn.com/awards/2025_nominees|title=2025 AVN Award Nominees|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|publisher=[[AVN]]|date=November 30, 2024|access-date=December 1, 2024|archive-date=22 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241122064021/https://avn.com/awards/2025_nominees|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|}
==Die meeste==
{|class="wikitable"
! Kenmerk
! Akteur
! Rekord
|-
|Akteur met die meeste pryse
|[[Manuel Ferrara]]
|6
|-
|rowspan="2"|Akteur met die meeste benoemings
|[[Manuel Ferrara]]
|rowspan="2"|14
|-
|Erik Everhard
|-
|Akteur met die meeste agtereenvolgende oorwinnings
|[[Mick Blue]]<br>{{small|(2015-'17)}}
|3
|-
|Akteur met die meeste agtereenvolgende benoemings
|Keiran Lee<br>{{small|(2011-'21)}}
|11
|-
|Akteur met die meeste benoemings wat nog nie gewen het nie
|Erik Everhard
|14
|-
|Oudste wenner
|Tommy Pistol
|45
|-
|Jongste wenner
|[[James Deen]]
|22
|}
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings|4}}
==Skakels==
*[http://avnawards.avn.com Amptelike webtuiste]
{{vertaaluit| taalafk = en | il = AVN Award for Male Performer of the Year}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:AVN-pryse]]
46kmtlr32765dm022iaj1yl2sngy1kc
Cockscomb
0
391993
2928683
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2026-08-21T14:24:22Z
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'''Cockscomb''' is 'n bergpiek in die [[Groot-Winterhoekberge (Oos-Kaap)|Groot-Winterhoekberge]] in die [[Oos-Kaap]]. Die bergreeks strek van die [[Gamtoosrivier|Grootrivier]] oos van die [[Baviaanskloofberge]], tot net noord van [[Uitenhage]]. Die piek is 1 768 m bo [[seespieël]]<ref>https://www.baviaans.co.za/page/geology</ref> en die [[Elandsrivier (Oos-Kaap, lat -33,75, long 25,34)|Elandsrivier]] vloei suid van die berg. The [[Khoisan]] het die berg ''Naniqua'' genoem, wat "berg in die mis" sou beteken.<ref>https://fireflyafrica.co.za/cockscomb-mountain/</ref>
==Kyk ook==
* [[Lys van bergpieke in Suid-Afrika]]
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{koördinate|33|34|15|S|24|47|05|O|type:mountain|aansig=titel}}
{{Saadjie}}
[[Kategorie:Oos-Kaap]]
[[Kategorie:Berge]]
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2928684
2928683
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JMK
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'''Cockscomb''' is 'n bergpiek in die [[Groot-Winterhoekberge (Oos-Kaap)|Groot-Winterhoekberge]] in die [[Oos-Kaap]]. Die bergreeks strek van die [[Gamtoosrivier|Grootrivier]] oos van die [[Baviaanskloofberge]], tot net noord van [[Uitenhage]]. Die piek is 1 768 m bo [[seespieël]]<ref>https://www.baviaans.co.za/page/geology</ref> en die [[Elandsrivier (Oos-Kaap, lat -33,75, long 25,34)|Elandsrivier]] vloei suid van die berg. Die opeenvolging van pieke herinner aan 'n hanekam, en die [[Khoisan]] het die berg ''Naniqua'' genoem, wat "berg in die mis" sou beteken.<ref>https://fireflyafrica.co.za/cockscomb-mountain/</ref>
==Kyk ook==
* [[Lys van bergpieke in Suid-Afrika]]
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{koördinate|33|34|15|S|24|47|05|O|type:mountain|aansig=titel}}
{{Saadjie}}
[[Kategorie:Oos-Kaap]]
[[Kategorie:Berge]]
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2928693
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[[Lêer:Sandrivier, Groot-Winterhoek, Cockscomb.jpg|duimnael|270px|regs|Die Cockscomb op die gesigseinder (regs), soos van [[St. Francisbaai]] af gesien]]
'''Cockscomb''' is 'n bergpiek in die [[Groot-Winterhoekberge (Oos-Kaap)|Groot-Winterhoekberge]] in die [[Oos-Kaap]]. Die bergreeks strek van die [[Gamtoosrivier|Grootrivier]] oos van die [[Baviaanskloofberge]], tot net noord van [[Uitenhage]]. Die piek is 1 768 m bo [[seespieël]]<ref>https://www.baviaans.co.za/page/geology</ref> en die [[Elandsrivier (Oos-Kaap, lat -33,75, long 25,34)|Elandsrivier]] vloei suid van die berg. Die opeenvolging van pieke herinner aan 'n hanekam, en die [[Khoisan]] het die berg ''Naniqua'' genoem, wat "berg in die mis" sou beteken.<ref>https://fireflyafrica.co.za/cockscomb-mountain/</ref>
==Kyk ook==
* [[Lys van bergpieke in Suid-Afrika]]
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{koördinate|33|34|15|S|24|47|05|O|type:mountain|aansig=titel}}
{{Saadjie}}
[[Kategorie:Oos-Kaap]]
[[Kategorie:Berge]]
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Ar-Rahman
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2026-08-22T06:47:06Z
InternetArchiveBot
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Red 1 verwysing(s) en merk 0 as dood.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
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{{Kursiewe titel}}{{Inligtingskas soera
|naam = {{big|الرحمان}}<br> Soera {{big|55}} van die Koran
|beeld =
|breedte =
|onderskrif =
|klassifikasie = [[Medina|Medinees]]/[[Mekka]]ans
|ander_titels = ''Ar-Rahmân''
|transliterasie = Ar-Rahmaan
|ander_name = "Die Barmhartige"
|openbaring =
|djoes = 27
|ajat = 78
|klank = [[Lêer:Chapter 55, Ar-Rahman (Mujawwad) - Recitation of the Holy Qur'an.mp3|200px]]
}}
'''''Ar-Rahmân''''' ([[Arabies]]: الرحمان, "'''Die Barmhartige'''") is die 55ste [[soera]], of hoofstuk, van die [[Koran]]. Dit bevat 78 [[ajat]], of verse. Dit is nie heeltemal duidelik of die hoofstuk uit die [[Mekka]]anse of [[Medina|Medinese]] tydperk kom nie.
==Opsomming==
Die naam van die soera kom uit vers 1. Die goddelike naam "ar-Rahman" verskyn ook in die openingsteks voor elke soera, buiten [[soera 9]] ("In die Naam van Allah, die Barmhartige, die Genadige.")<ref name="Koran">Die Heilige Quran. In Afrikaans vertaal deur Imam M.A. Baker. Uitgegee deur IDM (Islamic Dawah Movement of Southern Africa) Publications. {{ISBN|978-0-620-60451-2}}</ref>
Daar is 'n meningsverskil oor of die hoofstuk uit die Mekkaanse of Medinese tydperk kom. Abdel Haleem het dit in sy vertaling van die Koran as Medinees gekategoriseer,<ref name="Haleem, The Qur’an, 353">Haleem, ''The Qur’an'', 353.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Theodor Nöldeke: Geschichte des Qorans. Verlag der Dieterichschen Buchhandlung, Göttingen, 1860, pp. 107-108 ff.}}</ref> maar die meeste [[Moslems]]e geleerdes plaas dit in die Mekkaanse tydperk.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Message of the Quran, M. Asad, 1982, Introduction Surah ar-Rahman|quote=Although most of the commentators regard this surah as a Meccan revelation, Zamakhshari and (among the later scholars) Suyuti ascribe it to the Medina period. Baydawi leaves the question open, and adds that parts of it may have been revealed before and parts after the Prophet's hijrah to Medina. Some authorities are of the opinion that it followed immediately upon surah 13 ("Thunder"): an opinion which is not very helpful since that surah, too, cannot be assigned to either of the two periods with any degree of certainty.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kuran.diyanet.gov.tr/tefsir/sure/55-rahman-suresi|title=Directorate of Religious Affairs, Introduction Surah ar-Rahman|quote=This Surah was revealed in the Meccan Period. [Original] Mekke döneminde inmiştir.}}</ref>
Die hoofstuk kan temasties in rofweg drie afdelings verdeel word.<ref name="structure">{{cite web |title=Surah Ar-Rahman 55:46-78 - Towards Understanding the Quran - Quran Translation Commentary - Tafheem ul Quran |url=https://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=55&verse=46&to=78 |website=www.islamicstudies.info |access-date=20 November 2022 |archive-date=20 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120075621/https://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=55&verse=46&to=78 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Vers 1-30 vertel van [[Allah|God]] se skeppeingsvermoë en genade.
*Vers 31-45 beskryf die oordeelsdag en die vreeslike straf wat op ongelowiges wag.
*Vers 46-78, daarenteen, beskryf die beloning van die gelowiges in die Paradys.
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings|2}}
==Skakels==
{{vertaaluit| taalafk = en | il = Ar-Rahman}}
{{Soera|55|Al-'Kamar|Al-Wa'ki'a}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman}}
[[Kategorie:Hoofstukke van die Koran]]
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Joseph Fourier
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/* Die analitiese teorie van hitte */
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{{Inligtingskas Wetenskaplike
| naam = Joseph Fourier
| beeld = Fourier2 - restoration1.jpg
| breedte = 250
| beeldonderskrif = Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier
| geboortedatum = {{Birth date|1768|3|21|df=y}}
| geboorteplek = Auxerre, [[Boergondië (gewes)|Boergondië]], (deesdae [[Yonne]]), [[Frankryk]]
| sterftedatum = {{death date and age|1830|5|16|1768|3|21|df=y}}
| sterfteplek = [[Paris]], Frankryk
| nationaliteit = Frans
| vakgebied = [[Wiskundige]], [[fisikus]], [[historikus]]
| work_institution = École Normale Supérieure<br>École Polytechnique
| alma_mater = École Normale Supérieure
| doktorale promotor = <!--there were no PhDs in France before 1808-->
| akademiese adviseurs = [[Jean-Baptiste Biot]], [[Joseph-Louis Lagrange]]
| doktorale studente = <!--there were no PhDs in France before 1808-->
| ander studente = [[Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet]]<!--Dirichlet was awarded a honorary doctorate (no formal mentors)--><br>[[Claude-Louis Navier]]<br>[[Giovanni Plana]]
| bekend vir = [[Fourier-nommer]]<br>[[Fourier-reeks]]<br>[[Fourier-transform]]<br>[[Warmtegeleiding|Wet van Fourier]]<br>[[Fourier–Motzkin-uitskakeling]]<br>[[Kweekhuiseffek]]
| prizes =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier'''; 21 Maart 1768 – 16 Mei 1830) was 'n Franse wiskundige en fisikus. Hy is in Auxerre gebore en is veral bekend daarvoor dat hy die ondersoek na [[Fourier-reeks]] begin het. Hierdie reeks ontwikkel uiteindelik tot Fourier-analise en harmoniese analise. Hy is ook vir hul toepassings op probleme van hitte-oordrag en vibrasies bekend. Die [[Fourier-transform]] en Fourier se wet van geleiding word ook ter ere van hom genoem. Fourier word ook oor die algemeen gekrediteer met die ontdekking van die [[kweekhuiseffek]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Cowie |first=J. |year=2007 |title=Climate Change: Biological and Human Aspects |url=https://archive.org/details/climatechangebio00cowi |url-access=limited |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-69619-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/climatechangebio00cowi/page/n20 3]}}</ref>
==Biografie==
Fourier is in {{intertaalskakel|Auxerre|en}} (deesdae in die [[Yonne]] [[departement]] van Frankryk) gebore. Sy vader was 'n kleermaker en hy is wees gelaat op die ouderdom van nege jaar. Fourier is aanbeveel by die Biskop van Auxerre en deur hierdie inleiding is hy deur die [[Benediktyne|Benediktynse Orde]] van die Klooster van St. Mark opgevoed. Die kommissies in die wetenskaplike korps van die weermag was gereserveer vir diegene van die hoër sosiale ordes. Omdat hy dus nie in aanmerking kom nie, aanvaar hy 'n militêre lektoraat oor wiskunde. Hy het 'n prominente rol in sy eie distrik geneem in die bevordering van die [[Franse Revolusie]] en hy dien op die plaaslike Revolusionêre Komitee. Hy is kort in gevangenis geneem tydens die [[Skrikbewind (Franse Rewolusie)|skrikbewind]], maar is in 1795 aangestel in die ''{{intertaalskakel|École Normale|en|École Normale Supérieure}}'' en het daarna {{intertaalskakel|Joseph-Louis Lagrange|en}} opgevolg by die ''{{intertaalskakel|École Polytechnique|en}}''.
Fourier vergesel [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] op sy Egiptiese ekspedisie in 1798 as wetenskaplike adviseur en is as sekretaris van die Institut d'Égypte aangestel. Afgesny van Frankryk deur die Britse vloot, het hy die werkswinkels georganiseer waarop die Franse leër moes staatmaak vir hul oorlogswapens. Hy het ook verskeie wiskundige vraestelle bygedra tot die Egiptiese Instituut (ook genoem die Kaïro-instituut) met die oog op die verswakking van die Britse invloed in die Ooste. (Die Egiptiese Instituut is deur Napoleon gestig). Ná die Britse oorwinnings en die kapitulasie van die Franse onder Generaal Menou in 1801, keer Fourier terug na Frankryk.
In 1801 is Fourier as [[Prefek (Frankryk)|Prefek]] (Goewerneur) van die [[Isère|Departement van Isère]] (hoofstad [[Grenoble]]) deur [[Napoleon]] aangestel.<ref name="The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">{{MacTutor Biography|id=Fourier}}</ref> Hy moes toesig oor padbou en ander projekte hou. Fourier het egter voorheen van die Napoleon-ekspedisie na Egipte teruggekeer huis toe om sy akademiese pos as professor aan École Polytechnique te hervat toe [[Napoleon]] in sy opmerking anders besluit het
{{aanhaling|... die Prefek van die Departement van Isère wat onlangs oorlede is, wil ek graag my vertroue in burger Fourier uitspreek deur hom op hierdie plek aan te stel.<ref name="The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive" />}}
[[Lêer:Fourier in his coat of prefect.jpg|200px|regs|duimnael|Portret van Fourier met sy prefesjas deur [[Claude Gautherot]], omstreeks 1806.]]
Omdat hy dus getrou was aan Napoleon, het hy die amp van prefek aangeneem.<ref name="The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive" /> Terwyl hy in Grenoble was begin hy met die voortplanting van hitte te eksperimenteer. Hy het sy referaat "''Memoire sur la propagation de la chaleur (Oor die voortplanting van hitte in vaste liggame)''" aan die Parys Instituut op 21 Desember 1807 voorgelê.<ref name="The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive" /> Hy het ook bygedra tot die monumentale ''{{intertaalskakel|Description de l'Égypte|en}}.<ref name=Nowlan>{{cite book |last=Nowlan |first=Robert |title=A Chronicle of Mathematical People |url=http://www.robertnowlan.com/pdfs/Fourier,%20Joseph.pdf |access-date=2015-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034040/http://www.robertnowlan.com/pdfs/Fourier,%20Joseph.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 1822 Fourier volg [[Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre]] op as Permanente Sekretaris van die [[Franse Akademie vir Wetenskappe]]. In 1830 is hy verkies as 'n buitelandse lid van die {{intertaalskakel|Koninklike Sweedse Akademie van Wetenskappe|en|Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences}}.
Fourier het nooit getrou nie.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No. 1878: Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier |url=https://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1878.htm |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.uh.edu}}</ref>
In 1830 het sy verswakte gesondheid sy tol begin eis:
{{aanhaling|Fourier het reeds in albei Egipte en Grenoble, 'n paar aanvalle van aneurisme van die hart ervaar. By Parys was dit onmoontlik om te misgis met betrekking tot die primêre oorsaak van die gereelde verstikkings wat hy ervaar het. 'n Val, wat hy egter op die 4de Mei 1830 opgedoen het, terwyl hy met 'n trap afgegaan het, het die siekte vererger tot 'n mate bo wat ooit gevrees kon word.<ref>{{cite book | laaste = Arago | eerste = François | titel = Biografieë van vooraanstaande wetenskaplike manne | jaar = 1857 | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16775/16775-h/16775-h.htm}}</ref>}}
Kort na hierdie gebeurtenis sterf hy op 16 Mei 1830 in sy bed.
Fourier is in die {{intertaalskakel|Père Lachaise-begraafplaas|en|Père Lachaise Cemetery}} te Parys begrawe. Sy graf is versier met 'n Egiptiese motief om sy posisie as sekretaris van die Kaïro-instituut en sy samestelling van ''Description de l'Égypte'' te weerspieël. Sy naam is een van die 72 name wat op die [[Eiffeltoring]] ingeskryf is.
'n Bronsbeeld is in 1849 in Auxerre opgerig, maar dit is tydens die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]] vir bewapening afgesmelt. {{intertaalskakel|Joseph Fourier Universiteit|en|Joseph Fourier University}} in Grenoble is na hom vernoem.
==Die analitiese teorie van hitte==
Terwyl Fourier in Grenoble was begin hy met die voortplanting van hitte te eksperimenteer. Die uitkoms van sy eksperimente was die ontwikkeling van die diffusie van hitte vergelyking:{{sfn|Fourier| 1822}}
:<math>\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = \alpha\left(\frac{\partial^2u}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2u}{\partial y^2}+\frac{\partial^2u}{\partial z^2}\right)</math>
waar
:<math>u</math> is die temperatuur
:<math>x, y, z</math> is die euklidiese ruimtekoördinate
:<math>t</math> is tyd
:<math>\alpha</math> is die termiese diffusiwiteit van die medium
Hierdie vergelyking kan ook in algemene koördinate geskryf word:
:<math> \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = \alpha \nabla^2 u</math>
Die oplossings vir hierdie vergelykings is nie triviaal nie en hang oor die algemeen af van die begintoestande van die medium. Ten einde die oplossing van hierdie vergelykings te vergemaklik, Fourier ontwikkel twee tegnieke wat toepassings ver buite die gebied van hittediffusie het.
Die eerste hiervan was die konsep van 'n [[Fourier-reeks]] waarvolgens 'n periodieke funksie benader kan word deur 'n reeks [[Driehoeksmeting|sinus- en cosinuskrommes]] met periodes <math>P/n</math> op te som. (<math>P</math> is die periodisiteit van die funksie en <math>n</math> is 'n heelgetal).
Die tweede hiervan was die konsep van 'n {{intertaalskakel|Fourier-transform|en|Fourier transform}} <!--[[Fourier-transform]]-->. In 'n Fourier-transform, transformeer 'n mens eers 'n vergelyking van die ruimtelike domein na die frekwensiedomein. Hierdie transformasie vervang [[Differensiaalrekening|differensiële operateurs]] met [[Skalaar|skalêre veranderlikes]]. Die resulterende vergelyking word opgelos en 'n inverse Fourier-transform word uitgevoer om die resultaat te kry. In die praktyk raadpleeg 'n mens 'n lys van tabelle vir die transformasies.
Fourier-reekse word vandag gereeld gebruik, maar baie ingenieursdissiplines kies die {{intertaalskakel|Laplace-transform|en|Laplace transform applied to differential equations}} bo die Fourier-transform.<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Signal_Processing_and_Modeling/Signals_and_Systems_(Baraniuk_et_al.)/11:_Laplace_Transform_and_Continuous_Time_System_Design/11.01:_Laplace_Transform
|title = Laplace Transform
|language = Engels
|first = Richard
|last = Baraniuk
|publisher = Open Education Resource (OER) LibreTexts Project
|date = 22 Mei 2022
|accessdate = 30 November 2022}}</ref>
==Reële wortels van polinome==
Fourier het 'n onvoltooide werk oor die bepaling en opspoor van reële wortels van polinome gelaat. Dit is deur Claude-Louis Navier geredigeer en in 1831 gepubliseer. Hierdie werk bevat baie oorspronklike materiaal—veral Fourier se stelling oor polinoom reële wortels, gepubliseer in 1820.{{sfn|Fourier|1820}} In 1807 en in 1811 publiseer François Budan onafhanklik sy stelling (bekend as Budan se stelling). Hierdie stelling is baie naby aan Fourier se stelling (elke stelling is 'n uitvloeisel van die ander). Fourier se bewys {{sfn|Fourier|1820}} is die een wat gewoonlik gedurende die 19de eeu in handboeke oor die teorie van vergelykings gegee is. 'n Volledige oplossing van die probleem is in 1829 deur Jacques Charles François Sturm gepubliseer.
==Ontdekking van die kweekhuiseffek==
[[File:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|right|250px|thumb|Illustrasie van die kweekhuiseffek]]
In die 1820's bereken Fourier dat 'n voorwerp so groot soos die [[Aarde]], en op sy afstand van die [[Son]], aansienlik kouer sou wees as wat die planeet werklik is as dit net deur die uitwerking van inkomende sonstraling verhit word. Hy ondersoek verskeie moontlike bronne van die bykomende waargenome hitte en publiseer artikels in 1824{{sfn|Fourier|1824a}} en 1827{{sfn|Fourier|1827a}}. Terwyl hy uiteindelik voorgestel het dat interstellêre straling verantwoordelik kan wees vir 'n groot deel van die bykomende warmte, word Fourier se oorweging van die moontlikheid dat die Aarde se atmosfeer as 'n isolator van een of ander aard kan optree. Deesdae is dit erken as die eerste voorstel van wat nou bekend staan as die kweekhuiseffek,<ref>{{cite web|last=Weart|first=S.|date=2008|url=http://www.aip.org/history/climate/co2.htm|title=The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect|access-date=27 May 2008|archive-date=11 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111201545/https://www.aip.org/history/climate/co2.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> hoewel Fourier dit nooit so genoem het nie.<ref>{{cite journal
|last=Fleming
|first= J R
|year=1999
|language = Engels
|title=Joseph Fourier, the "greenhouse effect", and the quest for a universal theory of terrestrial temperatures |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_endeavour_1999-06_23_2/page/72
|journal=Endeavour
|volume=23
|number=2
|pages=72–75
|doi=10.1016/s0160-9327(99)01210-7}}</ref><ref name="Baum">{{cite journal
|last1=Baum, Sr.
|first1=Rudy M.
|title=Future Calculations: The first climate change believer
|journal=Distillations|date=2016
|volume=2
|issue=2
|pages=38–39
|language = Engels
|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/future-calculations
|access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref>
Fourier het in sy artikels verwys na 'n eksperiment van de Saussure. Hy het 'n vaas met swart kurk uitgevoer. In die kurkprop het hy verskeie ruite deursigtige glas ingesit, geskei deur intervalle van lug. Middagsonlig is deur die glasruite aan die bokant van die vaas toegelaat. Die temperatuur het meer verhoog in die meer binnekompartemente van hierdie toestel. Fourier het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat gasse in die atmosfeer 'n stabiele versperring soos die glasruite kan vorm.{{sfn|Fourier|1827a}} Hierdie gevolgtrekking het moontlik bygedra tot die latere gebruik van die metafoor van die "kweekhuiseffek" om te verwys na die prosesse wat atmosferiese temperature bepaal.<ref>{{citation
|title=100 Ideas that Changed the World
|first=Jheni
|last=Osman
|publisher=Random House
|year=2011|isbn=9781446417485
|page=65
|language = Engels
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SescGntKYTkC&pg=PT65|quote=''[Fourier] didn't call his discovery the greenhouse effect but future scientists named it that after an experiment by [de Saussure] which influenced Fourier's work''}}.</ref> Fourier het opgemerk dat die werklike meganismes wat die temperature van die atmosfeer bepaal sluit ook [[konveksie]] in. Konveksie was nie in de Saussure se eksperimentele toestel teenwoordig nie.
==Geskrifte==
[[File:Fourier, Joseph – Théorie analitique de la chaleur, 1888 – BEIC 11917672.jpg|thumb|''Théorie analitique de la chaleur'', 1888]]
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite journal
|last=Fourier
|first=Jean Baptiste Joseph
|title=Sur l'usage du théorème de Descartes dans la recherche des limites des racines
|year=1820
|journal=Bulletin des Sciences, Par la Société Philomatique de Paris
|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bulletindesscien20soci/page/156 156]–165
|language=fr
|url=https://archive.org/details/bulletindesscien20soci
|display-authors=0
}}
*{{Cite book
| last = Fourier
| first = Joseph
| display-authors = 0
| title = Théorie analytique de la chaleur
| publisher = Firmin Didot Père et Fils
| year = 1822
| location = Parys
| language = fr
| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TDQJAAAAIAAJ
| oclc = 2688081
}}
** {{Cite book
|title=Théorie analitique de la chaleur
|volume=1
|publisher=Gauthier-Villars
|location=Parys
|year=1888
|language=fr
|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=11917672
}}
*{{cite journal |last=Fourier |first=J |year=1824a |title=Remarques Générales Sur Les Températures Du Globe Terrestre Et Des Espaces Planétaires |journal=[[Annales de Chimie et de Physique]] |volume=27 |pages=136–167 |display-authors=0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136 }}
*{{Cite journal
|last = Fourier
|first = Joseph
|display-authors = 0
|title = Resume theorique des Proprietes de la chaleur rayonette
|journal = [[Annales de Chimie et de Physique]]
|editor1-last = Gay-Lussac
|editor1-first = Joseph Louis
|editor1-link = Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
|editor2-last = Arago
|editor2-first = François
|editor2-link = François Arago
|volume = 27
|year = 1824b
|location = Parys
|pages = 236–281
|language = fr
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA236
}}
*{{Cite book
| last = Fourier
| first = Joseph
| display-authors = 0
| title = Mémoire sur la température du globe terrestre et des espaces planétaires
| publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
| volume = 7
| year = 1827a
| pages = 569–604
| language = fr
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32227.image.r=memoires+de+l%27academie+des+sciences.f808.langEN
}} [http://www.wmconnolley.org.uk/sci/fourier_1827/fourier_1827.html Vertaling na Engels deur W M Connolley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003105434/http://www.wmconnolley.org.uk/sci/fourier_1827/fourier_1827.html |date= 3 Oktober 2019 }}
*{{Cite book
| last = Fourier
| first = Joseph
| display-authors = 0
| title = Mémoire sur la distinction des racines imaginaires, et sur l'application des théorèmes d'analyse algébrique aux équations transcendantes qui dépendant de la théorie de la chaleur
| publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
| volume = 7
| year = 1827b
| pages = 605–624
| language = fr
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32227/f844.image.r=memoires+de+l'academie+des+sciences.langEN
}}
*{{Cite book
|last = Fourier
|first = Joseph
|display-authors = 0
|title = Analyse des équations déterminées
|publisher = Firmin Didot frères
|volume = 10
|year = 1827c
|pages = 119–146
|language = fr
|url = http://num-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/827/
|access-date = 2011-04-20
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110930023956/http://num-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/827/
|archive-date = 2011-09-30
|url-status = dead
}}
*{{Cite book
| last = Fourier
| first = Joseph
| display-authors = 0
| title = Remarques générales sur l'application du principe de l'analyse algébrique aux équations transcendantes
| publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
| volume = 10
| year = 1827d
| location = Parys
| pages = 119–146
| language = fr
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32255.image.r=memoires+de+l%27academie+des+sciences.f346.langEN
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Fourier
|first = Joseph
|display-authors = 0
|title = Mémoire d'analyse sur le mouvement de la chaleur dans les fluides
|publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
|volume = 12
|location = Parys
|year = 1833
|pages = 507–530
|language = fr
|url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3227s.image.r=memoires+de+l%27academie+des+sciences.f620.langEN
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Fourier
|first = Joseph
|display-authors = 0
|title = Rapport sur les tontines
|publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
|volume = 5
|location = Parys
|year = 1821
|pages = 26–43
|language = fr
|url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3220m.image.f568.pagination.langEN
}}
{{Refend}}
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
== Notas ==
{{Notas}}
{{vertaalvanaf
| taalafk = en
| il = Joseph_Fourier
}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fourier, Joseph}}
[[Kategorie:Franse fisici]]
[[Kategorie:Franse wiskundiges]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1768]]
[[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1830]]
rqn2ssqsjyzv7u9lwl2ppq7nhig1ezb
2928679
2928678
2026-08-21T14:12:52Z
Martinvl
12559
/* Die analitiese teorie van hitte */
2928679
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas Wetenskaplike
| naam = Joseph Fourier
| beeld = Fourier2 - restoration1.jpg
| breedte = 250
| beeldonderskrif = Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier
| geboortedatum = {{Birth date|1768|3|21|df=y}}
| geboorteplek = Auxerre, [[Boergondië (gewes)|Boergondië]], (deesdae [[Yonne]]), [[Frankryk]]
| sterftedatum = {{death date and age|1830|5|16|1768|3|21|df=y}}
| sterfteplek = [[Paris]], Frankryk
| nationaliteit = Frans
| vakgebied = [[Wiskundige]], [[fisikus]], [[historikus]]
| work_institution = École Normale Supérieure<br>École Polytechnique
| alma_mater = École Normale Supérieure
| doktorale promotor = <!--there were no PhDs in France before 1808-->
| akademiese adviseurs = [[Jean-Baptiste Biot]], [[Joseph-Louis Lagrange]]
| doktorale studente = <!--there were no PhDs in France before 1808-->
| ander studente = [[Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet]]<!--Dirichlet was awarded a honorary doctorate (no formal mentors)--><br>[[Claude-Louis Navier]]<br>[[Giovanni Plana]]
| bekend vir = [[Fourier-nommer]]<br>[[Fourier-reeks]]<br>[[Fourier-transform]]<br>[[Warmtegeleiding|Wet van Fourier]]<br>[[Fourier–Motzkin-uitskakeling]]<br>[[Kweekhuiseffek]]
| prizes =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier'''; 21 Maart 1768 – 16 Mei 1830) was 'n Franse wiskundige en fisikus. Hy is in Auxerre gebore en is veral bekend daarvoor dat hy die ondersoek na [[Fourier-reeks]] begin het. Hierdie reeks ontwikkel uiteindelik tot Fourier-analise en harmoniese analise. Hy is ook vir hul toepassings op probleme van hitte-oordrag en vibrasies bekend. Die [[Fourier-transform]] en Fourier se wet van geleiding word ook ter ere van hom genoem. Fourier word ook oor die algemeen gekrediteer met die ontdekking van die [[kweekhuiseffek]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Cowie |first=J. |year=2007 |title=Climate Change: Biological and Human Aspects |url=https://archive.org/details/climatechangebio00cowi |url-access=limited |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-69619-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/climatechangebio00cowi/page/n20 3]}}</ref>
==Biografie==
Fourier is in {{intertaalskakel|Auxerre|en}} (deesdae in die [[Yonne]] [[departement]] van Frankryk) gebore. Sy vader was 'n kleermaker en hy is wees gelaat op die ouderdom van nege jaar. Fourier is aanbeveel by die Biskop van Auxerre en deur hierdie inleiding is hy deur die [[Benediktyne|Benediktynse Orde]] van die Klooster van St. Mark opgevoed. Die kommissies in die wetenskaplike korps van die weermag was gereserveer vir diegene van die hoër sosiale ordes. Omdat hy dus nie in aanmerking kom nie, aanvaar hy 'n militêre lektoraat oor wiskunde. Hy het 'n prominente rol in sy eie distrik geneem in die bevordering van die [[Franse Revolusie]] en hy dien op die plaaslike Revolusionêre Komitee. Hy is kort in gevangenis geneem tydens die [[Skrikbewind (Franse Rewolusie)|skrikbewind]], maar is in 1795 aangestel in die ''{{intertaalskakel|École Normale|en|École Normale Supérieure}}'' en het daarna {{intertaalskakel|Joseph-Louis Lagrange|en}} opgevolg by die ''{{intertaalskakel|École Polytechnique|en}}''.
Fourier vergesel [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] op sy Egiptiese ekspedisie in 1798 as wetenskaplike adviseur en is as sekretaris van die Institut d'Égypte aangestel. Afgesny van Frankryk deur die Britse vloot, het hy die werkswinkels georganiseer waarop die Franse leër moes staatmaak vir hul oorlogswapens. Hy het ook verskeie wiskundige vraestelle bygedra tot die Egiptiese Instituut (ook genoem die Kaïro-instituut) met die oog op die verswakking van die Britse invloed in die Ooste. (Die Egiptiese Instituut is deur Napoleon gestig). Ná die Britse oorwinnings en die kapitulasie van die Franse onder Generaal Menou in 1801, keer Fourier terug na Frankryk.
In 1801 is Fourier as [[Prefek (Frankryk)|Prefek]] (Goewerneur) van die [[Isère|Departement van Isère]] (hoofstad [[Grenoble]]) deur [[Napoleon]] aangestel.<ref name="The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">{{MacTutor Biography|id=Fourier}}</ref> Hy moes toesig oor padbou en ander projekte hou. Fourier het egter voorheen van die Napoleon-ekspedisie na Egipte teruggekeer huis toe om sy akademiese pos as professor aan École Polytechnique te hervat toe [[Napoleon]] in sy opmerking anders besluit het
{{aanhaling|... die Prefek van die Departement van Isère wat onlangs oorlede is, wil ek graag my vertroue in burger Fourier uitspreek deur hom op hierdie plek aan te stel.<ref name="The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive" />}}
[[Lêer:Fourier in his coat of prefect.jpg|200px|regs|duimnael|Portret van Fourier met sy prefesjas deur [[Claude Gautherot]], omstreeks 1806.]]
Omdat hy dus getrou was aan Napoleon, het hy die amp van prefek aangeneem.<ref name="The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive" /> Terwyl hy in Grenoble was begin hy met die voortplanting van hitte te eksperimenteer. Hy het sy referaat "''Memoire sur la propagation de la chaleur (Oor die voortplanting van hitte in vaste liggame)''" aan die Parys Instituut op 21 Desember 1807 voorgelê.<ref name="The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive" /> Hy het ook bygedra tot die monumentale ''{{intertaalskakel|Description de l'Égypte|en}}.<ref name=Nowlan>{{cite book |last=Nowlan |first=Robert |title=A Chronicle of Mathematical People |url=http://www.robertnowlan.com/pdfs/Fourier,%20Joseph.pdf |access-date=2015-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034040/http://www.robertnowlan.com/pdfs/Fourier,%20Joseph.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 1822 Fourier volg [[Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre]] op as Permanente Sekretaris van die [[Franse Akademie vir Wetenskappe]]. In 1830 is hy verkies as 'n buitelandse lid van die {{intertaalskakel|Koninklike Sweedse Akademie van Wetenskappe|en|Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences}}.
Fourier het nooit getrou nie.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No. 1878: Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier |url=https://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1878.htm |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.uh.edu}}</ref>
In 1830 het sy verswakte gesondheid sy tol begin eis:
{{aanhaling|Fourier het reeds in albei Egipte en Grenoble, 'n paar aanvalle van aneurisme van die hart ervaar. By Parys was dit onmoontlik om te misgis met betrekking tot die primêre oorsaak van die gereelde verstikkings wat hy ervaar het. 'n Val, wat hy egter op die 4de Mei 1830 opgedoen het, terwyl hy met 'n trap afgegaan het, het die siekte vererger tot 'n mate bo wat ooit gevrees kon word.<ref>{{cite book | laaste = Arago | eerste = François | titel = Biografieë van vooraanstaande wetenskaplike manne | jaar = 1857 | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16775/16775-h/16775-h.htm}}</ref>}}
Kort na hierdie gebeurtenis sterf hy op 16 Mei 1830 in sy bed.
Fourier is in die {{intertaalskakel|Père Lachaise-begraafplaas|en|Père Lachaise Cemetery}} te Parys begrawe. Sy graf is versier met 'n Egiptiese motief om sy posisie as sekretaris van die Kaïro-instituut en sy samestelling van ''Description de l'Égypte'' te weerspieël. Sy naam is een van die 72 name wat op die [[Eiffeltoring]] ingeskryf is.
'n Bronsbeeld is in 1849 in Auxerre opgerig, maar dit is tydens die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]] vir bewapening afgesmelt. {{intertaalskakel|Joseph Fourier Universiteit|en|Joseph Fourier University}} in Grenoble is na hom vernoem.
==Die analitiese teorie van hitte==
Terwyl Fourier in Grenoble was begin hy met die voortplanting van hitte te eksperimenteer. Die uitkoms van sy eksperimente was die ontwikkeling van die diffusie van hitte vergelyking:{{sfn|Fourier| 1822}}
:<math>\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = \alpha\left(\frac{\partial^2u}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2u}{\partial y^2}+\frac{\partial^2u}{\partial z^2}\right)</math>
waar
:<math>u</math> is die temperatuur
:<math>x, y, z</math> is die euklidiese ruimtekoördinate
:<math>t</math> is tyd
:<math>\alpha</math> is die termiese diffusiwiteit van die medium
Hierdie vergelyking kan ook in algemene koördinate geskryf word:
:<math> \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = \alpha \nabla^2 u</math>
Die oplossings vir hierdie vergelykings is nie triviaal nie en hang oor die algemeen af van die begintoestande van die medium. Ten einde die oplossing van hierdie vergelykings te vergemaklik, Fourier ontwikkel twee tegnieke wat toepassings ver buite die gebied van hittediffusie het.
Die eerste hiervan was die konsep van 'n [[Fourier-reeks]] waarvolgens 'n periodieke funksie benader kan word deur 'n reeks [[Driehoeksmeting|sinus- en cosinuskrommes]] met periodes <math>P/n</math> op te som. (<math>P</math> is die periodisiteit van die funksie en <math>n</math> is 'n heelgetal).
Die tweede hiervan was die konsep van 'n {{intertaalskakel|Fourier-transform|en|Fourier transform}}. In 'n Fourier-transform, transformeer 'n mens eers 'n vergelyking van die ruimtelike domein na die frekwensiedomein. Hierdie transformasie vervang [[Differensiaalrekening|differensiële operateurs]] met [[Skalaar|skalêre veranderlikes]]. Die resulterende vergelyking word opgelos en 'n inverse Fourier-transform word uitgevoer om die resultaat te kry. In die praktyk raadpleeg 'n mens 'n lys van tabelle vir die transformasies.
Fourier-reekse word vandag gereeld gebruik, maar baie ingenieursdissiplines kies die {{intertaalskakel|Laplace-transform|en|Laplace transform applied to differential equations}} bo die Fourier-transform.<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Signal_Processing_and_Modeling/Signals_and_Systems_(Baraniuk_et_al.)/11:_Laplace_Transform_and_Continuous_Time_System_Design/11.01:_Laplace_Transform
|title = Laplace Transform
|language = Engels
|first = Richard
|last = Baraniuk
|publisher = Open Education Resource (OER) LibreTexts Project
|date = 22 Mei 2022
|accessdate = 30 November 2022}}</ref>
==Reële wortels van polinome==
Fourier het 'n onvoltooide werk oor die bepaling en opspoor van reële wortels van polinome gelaat. Dit is deur Claude-Louis Navier geredigeer en in 1831 gepubliseer. Hierdie werk bevat baie oorspronklike materiaal—veral Fourier se stelling oor polinoom reële wortels, gepubliseer in 1820.{{sfn|Fourier|1820}} In 1807 en in 1811 publiseer François Budan onafhanklik sy stelling (bekend as Budan se stelling). Hierdie stelling is baie naby aan Fourier se stelling (elke stelling is 'n uitvloeisel van die ander). Fourier se bewys {{sfn|Fourier|1820}} is die een wat gewoonlik gedurende die 19de eeu in handboeke oor die teorie van vergelykings gegee is. 'n Volledige oplossing van die probleem is in 1829 deur Jacques Charles François Sturm gepubliseer.
==Ontdekking van die kweekhuiseffek==
[[File:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|right|250px|thumb|Illustrasie van die kweekhuiseffek]]
In die 1820's bereken Fourier dat 'n voorwerp so groot soos die [[Aarde]], en op sy afstand van die [[Son]], aansienlik kouer sou wees as wat die planeet werklik is as dit net deur die uitwerking van inkomende sonstraling verhit word. Hy ondersoek verskeie moontlike bronne van die bykomende waargenome hitte en publiseer artikels in 1824{{sfn|Fourier|1824a}} en 1827{{sfn|Fourier|1827a}}. Terwyl hy uiteindelik voorgestel het dat interstellêre straling verantwoordelik kan wees vir 'n groot deel van die bykomende warmte, word Fourier se oorweging van die moontlikheid dat die Aarde se atmosfeer as 'n isolator van een of ander aard kan optree. Deesdae is dit erken as die eerste voorstel van wat nou bekend staan as die kweekhuiseffek,<ref>{{cite web|last=Weart|first=S.|date=2008|url=http://www.aip.org/history/climate/co2.htm|title=The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect|access-date=27 May 2008|archive-date=11 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111201545/https://www.aip.org/history/climate/co2.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> hoewel Fourier dit nooit so genoem het nie.<ref>{{cite journal
|last=Fleming
|first= J R
|year=1999
|language = Engels
|title=Joseph Fourier, the "greenhouse effect", and the quest for a universal theory of terrestrial temperatures |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_endeavour_1999-06_23_2/page/72
|journal=Endeavour
|volume=23
|number=2
|pages=72–75
|doi=10.1016/s0160-9327(99)01210-7}}</ref><ref name="Baum">{{cite journal
|last1=Baum, Sr.
|first1=Rudy M.
|title=Future Calculations: The first climate change believer
|journal=Distillations|date=2016
|volume=2
|issue=2
|pages=38–39
|language = Engels
|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/future-calculations
|access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref>
Fourier het in sy artikels verwys na 'n eksperiment van de Saussure. Hy het 'n vaas met swart kurk uitgevoer. In die kurkprop het hy verskeie ruite deursigtige glas ingesit, geskei deur intervalle van lug. Middagsonlig is deur die glasruite aan die bokant van die vaas toegelaat. Die temperatuur het meer verhoog in die meer binnekompartemente van hierdie toestel. Fourier het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat gasse in die atmosfeer 'n stabiele versperring soos die glasruite kan vorm.{{sfn|Fourier|1827a}} Hierdie gevolgtrekking het moontlik bygedra tot die latere gebruik van die metafoor van die "kweekhuiseffek" om te verwys na die prosesse wat atmosferiese temperature bepaal.<ref>{{citation
|title=100 Ideas that Changed the World
|first=Jheni
|last=Osman
|publisher=Random House
|year=2011|isbn=9781446417485
|page=65
|language = Engels
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SescGntKYTkC&pg=PT65|quote=''[Fourier] didn't call his discovery the greenhouse effect but future scientists named it that after an experiment by [de Saussure] which influenced Fourier's work''}}.</ref> Fourier het opgemerk dat die werklike meganismes wat die temperature van die atmosfeer bepaal sluit ook [[konveksie]] in. Konveksie was nie in de Saussure se eksperimentele toestel teenwoordig nie.
==Geskrifte==
[[File:Fourier, Joseph – Théorie analitique de la chaleur, 1888 – BEIC 11917672.jpg|thumb|''Théorie analitique de la chaleur'', 1888]]
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite journal
|last=Fourier
|first=Jean Baptiste Joseph
|title=Sur l'usage du théorème de Descartes dans la recherche des limites des racines
|year=1820
|journal=Bulletin des Sciences, Par la Société Philomatique de Paris
|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bulletindesscien20soci/page/156 156]–165
|language=fr
|url=https://archive.org/details/bulletindesscien20soci
|display-authors=0
}}
*{{Cite book
| last = Fourier
| first = Joseph
| display-authors = 0
| title = Théorie analytique de la chaleur
| publisher = Firmin Didot Père et Fils
| year = 1822
| location = Parys
| language = fr
| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TDQJAAAAIAAJ
| oclc = 2688081
}}
** {{Cite book
|title=Théorie analitique de la chaleur
|volume=1
|publisher=Gauthier-Villars
|location=Parys
|year=1888
|language=fr
|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=11917672
}}
*{{cite journal |last=Fourier |first=J |year=1824a |title=Remarques Générales Sur Les Températures Du Globe Terrestre Et Des Espaces Planétaires |journal=[[Annales de Chimie et de Physique]] |volume=27 |pages=136–167 |display-authors=0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136 }}
*{{Cite journal
|last = Fourier
|first = Joseph
|display-authors = 0
|title = Resume theorique des Proprietes de la chaleur rayonette
|journal = [[Annales de Chimie et de Physique]]
|editor1-last = Gay-Lussac
|editor1-first = Joseph Louis
|editor1-link = Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
|editor2-last = Arago
|editor2-first = François
|editor2-link = François Arago
|volume = 27
|year = 1824b
|location = Parys
|pages = 236–281
|language = fr
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA236
}}
*{{Cite book
| last = Fourier
| first = Joseph
| display-authors = 0
| title = Mémoire sur la température du globe terrestre et des espaces planétaires
| publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
| volume = 7
| year = 1827a
| pages = 569–604
| language = fr
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32227.image.r=memoires+de+l%27academie+des+sciences.f808.langEN
}} [http://www.wmconnolley.org.uk/sci/fourier_1827/fourier_1827.html Vertaling na Engels deur W M Connolley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003105434/http://www.wmconnolley.org.uk/sci/fourier_1827/fourier_1827.html |date= 3 Oktober 2019 }}
*{{Cite book
| last = Fourier
| first = Joseph
| display-authors = 0
| title = Mémoire sur la distinction des racines imaginaires, et sur l'application des théorèmes d'analyse algébrique aux équations transcendantes qui dépendant de la théorie de la chaleur
| publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
| volume = 7
| year = 1827b
| pages = 605–624
| language = fr
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32227/f844.image.r=memoires+de+l'academie+des+sciences.langEN
}}
*{{Cite book
|last = Fourier
|first = Joseph
|display-authors = 0
|title = Analyse des équations déterminées
|publisher = Firmin Didot frères
|volume = 10
|year = 1827c
|pages = 119–146
|language = fr
|url = http://num-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/827/
|access-date = 2011-04-20
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110930023956/http://num-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/827/
|archive-date = 2011-09-30
|url-status = dead
}}
*{{Cite book
| last = Fourier
| first = Joseph
| display-authors = 0
| title = Remarques générales sur l'application du principe de l'analyse algébrique aux équations transcendantes
| publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
| volume = 10
| year = 1827d
| location = Parys
| pages = 119–146
| language = fr
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32255.image.r=memoires+de+l%27academie+des+sciences.f346.langEN
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Fourier
|first = Joseph
|display-authors = 0
|title = Mémoire d'analyse sur le mouvement de la chaleur dans les fluides
|publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
|volume = 12
|location = Parys
|year = 1833
|pages = 507–530
|language = fr
|url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3227s.image.r=memoires+de+l%27academie+des+sciences.f620.langEN
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Fourier
|first = Joseph
|display-authors = 0
|title = Rapport sur les tontines
|publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
|volume = 5
|location = Parys
|year = 1821
|pages = 26–43
|language = fr
|url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3220m.image.f568.pagination.langEN
}}
{{Refend}}
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
== Notas ==
{{Notas}}
{{vertaalvanaf
| taalafk = en
| il = Joseph_Fourier
}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fourier, Joseph}}
[[Kategorie:Franse fisici]]
[[Kategorie:Franse wiskundiges]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1768]]
[[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1830]]
rfzw1uvsya5lcyv3k4ae8drzcuthb6u
2928685
2928679
2026-08-21T14:29:45Z
Martinvl
12559
/* Reële wortels van polinome */
2928685
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas Wetenskaplike
| naam = Joseph Fourier
| beeld = Fourier2 - restoration1.jpg
| breedte = 250
| beeldonderskrif = Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier
| geboortedatum = {{Birth date|1768|3|21|df=y}}
| geboorteplek = Auxerre, [[Boergondië (gewes)|Boergondië]], (deesdae [[Yonne]]), [[Frankryk]]
| sterftedatum = {{death date and age|1830|5|16|1768|3|21|df=y}}
| sterfteplek = [[Paris]], Frankryk
| nationaliteit = Frans
| vakgebied = [[Wiskundige]], [[fisikus]], [[historikus]]
| work_institution = École Normale Supérieure<br>École Polytechnique
| alma_mater = École Normale Supérieure
| doktorale promotor = <!--there were no PhDs in France before 1808-->
| akademiese adviseurs = [[Jean-Baptiste Biot]], [[Joseph-Louis Lagrange]]
| doktorale studente = <!--there were no PhDs in France before 1808-->
| ander studente = [[Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet]]<!--Dirichlet was awarded a honorary doctorate (no formal mentors)--><br>[[Claude-Louis Navier]]<br>[[Giovanni Plana]]
| bekend vir = [[Fourier-nommer]]<br>[[Fourier-reeks]]<br>[[Fourier-transform]]<br>[[Warmtegeleiding|Wet van Fourier]]<br>[[Fourier–Motzkin-uitskakeling]]<br>[[Kweekhuiseffek]]
| prizes =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier'''; 21 Maart 1768 – 16 Mei 1830) was 'n Franse wiskundige en fisikus. Hy is in Auxerre gebore en is veral bekend daarvoor dat hy die ondersoek na [[Fourier-reeks]] begin het. Hierdie reeks ontwikkel uiteindelik tot Fourier-analise en harmoniese analise. Hy is ook vir hul toepassings op probleme van hitte-oordrag en vibrasies bekend. Die [[Fourier-transform]] en Fourier se wet van geleiding word ook ter ere van hom genoem. Fourier word ook oor die algemeen gekrediteer met die ontdekking van die [[kweekhuiseffek]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Cowie |first=J. |year=2007 |title=Climate Change: Biological and Human Aspects |url=https://archive.org/details/climatechangebio00cowi |url-access=limited |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-69619-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/climatechangebio00cowi/page/n20 3]}}</ref>
==Biografie==
Fourier is in {{intertaalskakel|Auxerre|en}} (deesdae in die [[Yonne]] [[departement]] van Frankryk) gebore. Sy vader was 'n kleermaker en hy is wees gelaat op die ouderdom van nege jaar. Fourier is aanbeveel by die Biskop van Auxerre en deur hierdie inleiding is hy deur die [[Benediktyne|Benediktynse Orde]] van die Klooster van St. Mark opgevoed. Die kommissies in die wetenskaplike korps van die weermag was gereserveer vir diegene van die hoër sosiale ordes. Omdat hy dus nie in aanmerking kom nie, aanvaar hy 'n militêre lektoraat oor wiskunde. Hy het 'n prominente rol in sy eie distrik geneem in die bevordering van die [[Franse Revolusie]] en hy dien op die plaaslike Revolusionêre Komitee. Hy is kort in gevangenis geneem tydens die [[Skrikbewind (Franse Rewolusie)|skrikbewind]], maar is in 1795 aangestel in die ''{{intertaalskakel|École Normale|en|École Normale Supérieure}}'' en het daarna {{intertaalskakel|Joseph-Louis Lagrange|en}} opgevolg by die ''{{intertaalskakel|École Polytechnique|en}}''.
Fourier vergesel [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] op sy Egiptiese ekspedisie in 1798 as wetenskaplike adviseur en is as sekretaris van die Institut d'Égypte aangestel. Afgesny van Frankryk deur die Britse vloot, het hy die werkswinkels georganiseer waarop die Franse leër moes staatmaak vir hul oorlogswapens. Hy het ook verskeie wiskundige vraestelle bygedra tot die Egiptiese Instituut (ook genoem die Kaïro-instituut) met die oog op die verswakking van die Britse invloed in die Ooste. (Die Egiptiese Instituut is deur Napoleon gestig). Ná die Britse oorwinnings en die kapitulasie van die Franse onder Generaal Menou in 1801, keer Fourier terug na Frankryk.
In 1801 is Fourier as [[Prefek (Frankryk)|Prefek]] (Goewerneur) van die [[Isère|Departement van Isère]] (hoofstad [[Grenoble]]) deur [[Napoleon]] aangestel.<ref name="The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">{{MacTutor Biography|id=Fourier}}</ref> Hy moes toesig oor padbou en ander projekte hou. Fourier het egter voorheen van die Napoleon-ekspedisie na Egipte teruggekeer huis toe om sy akademiese pos as professor aan École Polytechnique te hervat toe [[Napoleon]] in sy opmerking anders besluit het
{{aanhaling|... die Prefek van die Departement van Isère wat onlangs oorlede is, wil ek graag my vertroue in burger Fourier uitspreek deur hom op hierdie plek aan te stel.<ref name="The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive" />}}
[[Lêer:Fourier in his coat of prefect.jpg|200px|regs|duimnael|Portret van Fourier met sy prefesjas deur [[Claude Gautherot]], omstreeks 1806.]]
Omdat hy dus getrou was aan Napoleon, het hy die amp van prefek aangeneem.<ref name="The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive" /> Terwyl hy in Grenoble was begin hy met die voortplanting van hitte te eksperimenteer. Hy het sy referaat "''Memoire sur la propagation de la chaleur (Oor die voortplanting van hitte in vaste liggame)''" aan die Parys Instituut op 21 Desember 1807 voorgelê.<ref name="The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive" /> Hy het ook bygedra tot die monumentale ''{{intertaalskakel|Description de l'Égypte|en}}.<ref name=Nowlan>{{cite book |last=Nowlan |first=Robert |title=A Chronicle of Mathematical People |url=http://www.robertnowlan.com/pdfs/Fourier,%20Joseph.pdf |access-date=2015-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034040/http://www.robertnowlan.com/pdfs/Fourier,%20Joseph.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
In 1822 Fourier volg [[Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre]] op as Permanente Sekretaris van die [[Franse Akademie vir Wetenskappe]]. In 1830 is hy verkies as 'n buitelandse lid van die {{intertaalskakel|Koninklike Sweedse Akademie van Wetenskappe|en|Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences}}.
Fourier het nooit getrou nie.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No. 1878: Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier |url=https://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1878.htm |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=www.uh.edu}}</ref>
In 1830 het sy verswakte gesondheid sy tol begin eis:
{{aanhaling|Fourier het reeds in albei Egipte en Grenoble, 'n paar aanvalle van aneurisme van die hart ervaar. By Parys was dit onmoontlik om te misgis met betrekking tot die primêre oorsaak van die gereelde verstikkings wat hy ervaar het. 'n Val, wat hy egter op die 4de Mei 1830 opgedoen het, terwyl hy met 'n trap afgegaan het, het die siekte vererger tot 'n mate bo wat ooit gevrees kon word.<ref>{{cite book | laaste = Arago | eerste = François | titel = Biografieë van vooraanstaande wetenskaplike manne | jaar = 1857 | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16775/16775-h/16775-h.htm}}</ref>}}
Kort na hierdie gebeurtenis sterf hy op 16 Mei 1830 in sy bed.
Fourier is in die {{intertaalskakel|Père Lachaise-begraafplaas|en|Père Lachaise Cemetery}} te Parys begrawe. Sy graf is versier met 'n Egiptiese motief om sy posisie as sekretaris van die Kaïro-instituut en sy samestelling van ''Description de l'Égypte'' te weerspieël. Sy naam is een van die 72 name wat op die [[Eiffeltoring]] ingeskryf is.
'n Bronsbeeld is in 1849 in Auxerre opgerig, maar dit is tydens die [[Tweede Wêreldoorlog]] vir bewapening afgesmelt. {{intertaalskakel|Joseph Fourier Universiteit|en|Joseph Fourier University}} in Grenoble is na hom vernoem.
==Die analitiese teorie van hitte==
Terwyl Fourier in Grenoble was begin hy met die voortplanting van hitte te eksperimenteer. Die uitkoms van sy eksperimente was die ontwikkeling van die diffusie van hitte vergelyking:{{sfn|Fourier| 1822}}
:<math>\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = \alpha\left(\frac{\partial^2u}{\partial x^2}+\frac{\partial^2u}{\partial y^2}+\frac{\partial^2u}{\partial z^2}\right)</math>
waar
:<math>u</math> is die temperatuur
:<math>x, y, z</math> is die euklidiese ruimtekoördinate
:<math>t</math> is tyd
:<math>\alpha</math> is die termiese diffusiwiteit van die medium
Hierdie vergelyking kan ook in algemene koördinate geskryf word:
:<math> \frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = \alpha \nabla^2 u</math>
Die oplossings vir hierdie vergelykings is nie triviaal nie en hang oor die algemeen af van die begintoestande van die medium. Ten einde die oplossing van hierdie vergelykings te vergemaklik, Fourier ontwikkel twee tegnieke wat toepassings ver buite die gebied van hittediffusie het.
Die eerste hiervan was die konsep van 'n [[Fourier-reeks]] waarvolgens 'n periodieke funksie benader kan word deur 'n reeks [[Driehoeksmeting|sinus- en cosinuskrommes]] met periodes <math>P/n</math> op te som. (<math>P</math> is die periodisiteit van die funksie en <math>n</math> is 'n heelgetal).
Die tweede hiervan was die konsep van 'n {{intertaalskakel|Fourier-transform|en|Fourier transform}}. In 'n Fourier-transform, transformeer 'n mens eers 'n vergelyking van die ruimtelike domein na die frekwensiedomein. Hierdie transformasie vervang [[Differensiaalrekening|differensiële operateurs]] met [[Skalaar|skalêre veranderlikes]]. Die resulterende vergelyking word opgelos en 'n inverse Fourier-transform word uitgevoer om die resultaat te kry. In die praktyk raadpleeg 'n mens 'n lys van tabelle vir die transformasies.
Fourier-reekse word vandag gereeld gebruik, maar baie ingenieursdissiplines kies die {{intertaalskakel|Laplace-transform|en|Laplace transform applied to differential equations}} bo die Fourier-transform.<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://eng.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Electrical_Engineering/Signal_Processing_and_Modeling/Signals_and_Systems_(Baraniuk_et_al.)/11:_Laplace_Transform_and_Continuous_Time_System_Design/11.01:_Laplace_Transform
|title = Laplace Transform
|language = Engels
|first = Richard
|last = Baraniuk
|publisher = Open Education Resource (OER) LibreTexts Project
|date = 22 Mei 2022
|accessdate = 30 November 2022}}</ref>
==Reële wortels van polinome==
Fourier het 'n onvoltooide werk oor die bepaling en opspoor van reële wortels van polinome gelaat. Dit is deur {{intertaalskakel|Claude-Louis Navier|fr|Henri Navier}} geredigeer en in 1831 gepubliseer. Hierdie werk bevat baie oorspronklike materiaal—veral Fourier se stelling oor polinoom reële wortels, gepubliseer in 1820.{{sfn|Fourier|1820}} In 1807 en in 1811 publiseer {{intertaalskakel|François Budan|en|François Budan de Boislaurent}} onafhanklik sy stelling (bekend as Budan se stelling). Hierdie stelling is baie naby aan Fourier se stelling (elke stelling is 'n uitvloeisel van die ander). Fourier se bewys {{sfn|Fourier|1820}} is die een wat gewoonlik gedurende die 19de eeu in handboeke oor die teorie van vergelykings gegee is. 'n Volledige oplossing van die probleem is in 1829 deur {{intertaalskakel|Jacques Charles François Sturm|en}} gepubliseer.
==Ontdekking van die kweekhuiseffek==
[[File:Greenhouse Effect (2017 NASA data).svg|right|250px|thumb|Illustrasie van die kweekhuiseffek]]
In die 1820's bereken Fourier dat 'n voorwerp so groot soos die [[Aarde]], en op sy afstand van die [[Son]], aansienlik kouer sou wees as wat die planeet werklik is as dit net deur die uitwerking van inkomende sonstraling verhit word. Hy ondersoek verskeie moontlike bronne van die bykomende waargenome hitte en publiseer artikels in 1824{{sfn|Fourier|1824a}} en 1827{{sfn|Fourier|1827a}}. Terwyl hy uiteindelik voorgestel het dat interstellêre straling verantwoordelik kan wees vir 'n groot deel van die bykomende warmte, word Fourier se oorweging van die moontlikheid dat die Aarde se atmosfeer as 'n isolator van een of ander aard kan optree. Deesdae is dit erken as die eerste voorstel van wat nou bekend staan as die kweekhuiseffek,<ref>{{cite web|last=Weart|first=S.|date=2008|url=http://www.aip.org/history/climate/co2.htm|title=The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect|access-date=27 May 2008|archive-date=11 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111201545/https://www.aip.org/history/climate/co2.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> hoewel Fourier dit nooit so genoem het nie.<ref>{{cite journal
|last=Fleming
|first= J R
|year=1999
|language = Engels
|title=Joseph Fourier, the "greenhouse effect", and the quest for a universal theory of terrestrial temperatures |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_endeavour_1999-06_23_2/page/72
|journal=Endeavour
|volume=23
|number=2
|pages=72–75
|doi=10.1016/s0160-9327(99)01210-7}}</ref><ref name="Baum">{{cite journal
|last1=Baum, Sr.
|first1=Rudy M.
|title=Future Calculations: The first climate change believer
|journal=Distillations|date=2016
|volume=2
|issue=2
|pages=38–39
|language = Engels
|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/future-calculations
|access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref>
Fourier het in sy artikels verwys na 'n eksperiment van de Saussure. Hy het 'n vaas met swart kurk uitgevoer. In die kurkprop het hy verskeie ruite deursigtige glas ingesit, geskei deur intervalle van lug. Middagsonlig is deur die glasruite aan die bokant van die vaas toegelaat. Die temperatuur het meer verhoog in die meer binnekompartemente van hierdie toestel. Fourier het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat gasse in die atmosfeer 'n stabiele versperring soos die glasruite kan vorm.{{sfn|Fourier|1827a}} Hierdie gevolgtrekking het moontlik bygedra tot die latere gebruik van die metafoor van die "kweekhuiseffek" om te verwys na die prosesse wat atmosferiese temperature bepaal.<ref>{{citation
|title=100 Ideas that Changed the World
|first=Jheni
|last=Osman
|publisher=Random House
|year=2011|isbn=9781446417485
|page=65
|language = Engels
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SescGntKYTkC&pg=PT65|quote=''[Fourier] didn't call his discovery the greenhouse effect but future scientists named it that after an experiment by [de Saussure] which influenced Fourier's work''}}.</ref> Fourier het opgemerk dat die werklike meganismes wat die temperature van die atmosfeer bepaal sluit ook [[konveksie]] in. Konveksie was nie in de Saussure se eksperimentele toestel teenwoordig nie.
==Geskrifte==
[[File:Fourier, Joseph – Théorie analitique de la chaleur, 1888 – BEIC 11917672.jpg|thumb|''Théorie analitique de la chaleur'', 1888]]
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite journal
|last=Fourier
|first=Jean Baptiste Joseph
|title=Sur l'usage du théorème de Descartes dans la recherche des limites des racines
|year=1820
|journal=Bulletin des Sciences, Par la Société Philomatique de Paris
|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bulletindesscien20soci/page/156 156]–165
|language=fr
|url=https://archive.org/details/bulletindesscien20soci
|display-authors=0
}}
*{{Cite book
| last = Fourier
| first = Joseph
| display-authors = 0
| title = Théorie analytique de la chaleur
| publisher = Firmin Didot Père et Fils
| year = 1822
| location = Parys
| language = fr
| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_TDQJAAAAIAAJ
| oclc = 2688081
}}
** {{Cite book
|title=Théorie analitique de la chaleur
|volume=1
|publisher=Gauthier-Villars
|location=Parys
|year=1888
|language=fr
|url=https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=11917672
}}
*{{cite journal |last=Fourier |first=J |year=1824a |title=Remarques Générales Sur Les Températures Du Globe Terrestre Et Des Espaces Planétaires |journal=[[Annales de Chimie et de Physique]] |volume=27 |pages=136–167 |display-authors=0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA136 }}
*{{Cite journal
|last = Fourier
|first = Joseph
|display-authors = 0
|title = Resume theorique des Proprietes de la chaleur rayonette
|journal = [[Annales de Chimie et de Physique]]
|editor1-last = Gay-Lussac
|editor1-first = Joseph Louis
|editor1-link = Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
|editor2-last = Arago
|editor2-first = François
|editor2-link = François Arago
|volume = 27
|year = 1824b
|location = Parys
|pages = 236–281
|language = fr
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1Jg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA236
}}
*{{Cite book
| last = Fourier
| first = Joseph
| display-authors = 0
| title = Mémoire sur la température du globe terrestre et des espaces planétaires
| publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
| volume = 7
| year = 1827a
| pages = 569–604
| language = fr
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32227.image.r=memoires+de+l%27academie+des+sciences.f808.langEN
}} [http://www.wmconnolley.org.uk/sci/fourier_1827/fourier_1827.html Vertaling na Engels deur W M Connolley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003105434/http://www.wmconnolley.org.uk/sci/fourier_1827/fourier_1827.html |date= 3 Oktober 2019 }}
*{{Cite book
| last = Fourier
| first = Joseph
| display-authors = 0
| title = Mémoire sur la distinction des racines imaginaires, et sur l'application des théorèmes d'analyse algébrique aux équations transcendantes qui dépendant de la théorie de la chaleur
| publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
| volume = 7
| year = 1827b
| pages = 605–624
| language = fr
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32227/f844.image.r=memoires+de+l'academie+des+sciences.langEN
}}
*{{Cite book
|last = Fourier
|first = Joseph
|display-authors = 0
|title = Analyse des équations déterminées
|publisher = Firmin Didot frères
|volume = 10
|year = 1827c
|pages = 119–146
|language = fr
|url = http://num-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/827/
|access-date = 2011-04-20
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110930023956/http://num-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/827/
|archive-date = 2011-09-30
|url-status = dead
}}
*{{Cite book
| last = Fourier
| first = Joseph
| display-authors = 0
| title = Remarques générales sur l'application du principe de l'analyse algébrique aux équations transcendantes
| publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
| volume = 10
| year = 1827d
| location = Parys
| pages = 119–146
| language = fr
| url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32255.image.r=memoires+de+l%27academie+des+sciences.f346.langEN
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Fourier
|first = Joseph
|display-authors = 0
|title = Mémoire d'analyse sur le mouvement de la chaleur dans les fluides
|publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
|volume = 12
|location = Parys
|year = 1833
|pages = 507–530
|language = fr
|url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3227s.image.r=memoires+de+l%27academie+des+sciences.f620.langEN
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Fourier
|first = Joseph
|display-authors = 0
|title = Rapport sur les tontines
|publisher = Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
|volume = 5
|location = Parys
|year = 1821
|pages = 26–43
|language = fr
|url = http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3220m.image.f568.pagination.langEN
}}
{{Refend}}
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
== Notas ==
{{Notas}}
{{vertaalvanaf
| taalafk = en
| il = Joseph_Fourier
}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fourier, Joseph}}
[[Kategorie:Franse fisici]]
[[Kategorie:Franse wiskundiges]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1768]]
[[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1830]]
adalxg931mpbznqjyiloeqd2a8uszz8
Oscar Piastri
0
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2928658
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2026-08-21T12:27:18Z
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/* Formule 1-uitslae */
2928658
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas renjaer
| name = Oscar Piastri
| image = Oscar Piastri 2025 (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 220px
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{GDEO|2001|4|6}}
| birth_place = [[Melbourne]], [[Australië]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = {{vlagikoon|AUS}} Australiër
| Years =
| Old Team =
| 2026 Team = [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| Car number = 81
| Races = {{F1stat|PIA|entries}} ({{F1stat|PIA|starts}} begin)
| Championships = 0
| Wins = {{F1stat|PIA|wins}}
| Podiums = {{F1stat|PIA|podiums}}
| Points = {{F1stat|PIA|careerpoints}}
| Poles = {{F1stat|PIA|poles}}
| Fastest laps = {{F1stat|PIA|fastestlaps}}
| First race = [[2023 Bahreinse Grand Prix]]
| First win = [[2024 Hongaarse Grand Prix]]
| Last win = [[2025 Nederlandse Grand Prix]]
| Last race = {{laaste F1GP}}
| Last season = 2025
| Last position = 3de (410 punte)
}}
'''Oscar Jack Piastri''' (gebore 6 April 2001) is 'n [[Australië|Australiese]] renjaer wat vir die [[McLaren]]-span aan [[Formule Een]] deelneem. Hy is die eerste Formule Een-jaer wat in die [[21ste eeu]] gebore is.
Hy het die 2019 Formule Renault Eurocup met R-ace GP gewen, en die 2020 FIA Formule 3-kampioenskap en 2021 Formule 2-kampioenskap met Prema Racing gewen. Hy is slegs die sesde jaer wat die GP2 / Formule 2-kampioenskap in hul debuutseisoen kon wen, en die vyfde jaer wat die GP3 / Formule 3 -kampioenskap en die GP2/Formule 2-kampioenskap in opeenvolgende seisoene kon wen. Vanweë sy sukses in die laer formules word Piastri wyd beskou as een van die mees belowende jong jaers in motorsport.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/why-oscar-piastris-ability-to-adapt-puts-him-alongside-the-very-best|title=Why Oscar Piastri's ability to adapt puts him alongside the very best|last=Hardy|first=Edward|date=4 August 2022|publisher=motorsportmagazine.com|access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onlysports.com.au/analysis/why-oscar-piastri-is-destined-for-f1-greatness/|title=Why Oscar Piastri is destined for F1 greatness|last=Criniti|first=Dominic|date=10 September 2022|publisher=onlysports|access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref>
Vroeg in 2016 het Piastri sy eerste groot borgskap, HP Tuners (gestig en besit deur sy pa) gekry, wat gehelp het om sy renloopbaan te finansier. Dit is tydens die GP3-reeks, F3- en F2-seisoen op sy renpak en motor vertoon. Later in 2016 het Piastri sy enkelsitplek-debuut in geselekteerde rondtes van die Formule 4 VAE-kampioenskap vir Dragon F4 gemaak en twee podiums verower om sesde in die kampioenskap te eindig.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.f4uae.com/news-latest/95-oscar-piastri-joins-dragon-f4-for-f4uae-championship|title=OSCAR PIASTRI JOINS DRAGON F4 FOR F4UAE CHAMPIONSHIP|date=2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713133512/https://www.f4uae.com/news-latest/95-oscar-piastri-joins-dragon-f4-for-f4uae-championship|archive-date=13 July 2022|access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref>
[[Lêer:Blancpain_Gt_Series_Endurance_Cup_-_Autodromo_Nazionale_di_Monza_-_22-04-2018_(41650514132).jpg|duimnael| Piastri jaag by Monza in die 2018 Formule Renault Eurocup-kampioenskap]]
== FIA Formule 3-kampioenskap ==
In Oktober 2019 het Piastri by die na-seisoen toets by die heersende FIA Formule 3- spankampioene Prema Racing aangesluit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/fia-formula-3-championship/news/prema-valencia-test-lineup/4559601/|title=Prema names F3 post-season test line-up|last=Benyon|first=Jack|date=18 October 2019|website=Motorsport.com|publisher=Motorsport Network|access-date=18 October 2019}}</ref> In Januarie 2020 het die Italiaanse span Piastri onderteken om die komende seisoen mee te ding<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fiaformula3.com/News/2020/01_January/Piastri-completes-PREMA-line-up-for-2020/|title=Piastri completes PREMA line-up for 2020|date=24 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126203445/http://www.fiaformula3.com/News/2020/1_January/Piastri-completes-PREMA-line-up-for-2020/|archive-date=26 January 2020|access-date=27 January 2020}}</ref> saam met [[Logan Sargeant]] en 2019 Formule Streeks Europese kampioen Frederik Vesti.
Piastri het derde op die rooster weggespring vir sy debuutren by die [[Red Bull Ring]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fiaformula3.com/Latest/3tgITLErcR2zAiXGm2Y30i/2020-round-1-post-qualifying-press-conference|title=2020 Round 1 post-Qualifying press conference|date=3 July 2020|website=FIA_Formula 3® - The Official F3® Website|language=en|access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> Hy het egter by die eerste draai met Sebastián Fernández gebots, maar skade vermy en voortgegaan om te wen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://formulascout.com/oscar-piastri-dominates-fia-f3-opener-alex-peroni-p3-on-comeback/64087|title=Oscar Piastri dominates FIA F3 opener, Alex Peroni P3 on comeback|last=Suttill|first=Josh|date=4 July 2020|website=formulascout.com|access-date=26 December 2020}}</ref> Piastri het drie agtereenvolgende tweede plekke behaal by beide [[Hungaroring]]-renne<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oscarpiastri.com/news/2020-07-19-piastri-continues-his-championship-charge-in-budapest|title=Piastri continues his championship charge in Budapest|date=19 July 2020|website=oscarpiastri.com|access-date=23 September 2022|archive-date=23 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923143300/https://oscarpiastri.com/news/2020-07-19-piastri-continues-his-championship-charge-in-budapest|url-status=dead}}</ref> en die eerste Silverstone-skouren, voordat sy eerste onttrekking van die seisoen by die volgende Silverstone-naelren gekom het toe 'n vasgesteekte [[Sleurverminderingstelsel|DRS]] hom uitgedwing het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://formulascout.com/smolyar-holds-off-beckmann-to-take-maiden-fia-f3-victory-at-silverstone/65591|title=Smolyar holds off Beckmann to take maiden FIA F3 victory at Silverstone|last=Waring|first=Bethonie|date=2 August 2020|website=formulascout.com|access-date=26 December 2020}}</ref> Sy spanmaat Sargeant het die voortou in die kampioenskap by Piastri oorgeneem by die tweede Silverstone-hoofren nadat Piastri met betroubaarheidskwessies in die kwalifisering gesukkel het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://formulascout.com/sargeant-takes-lights-to-flag-maiden-fia-f3-win-at-silverstone/65948|title=Sargeant takes maiden FIA F3 win and points lead at Silverstone|last=Allen|first=Peter|date=8 August 2020|website=formulascout.com|access-date=26 December 2020}}</ref> Piastri het vyfde weggespring vir die naelren in [[Barcelona-Catalunya-renbaan|Barcelona]], maar het verskeie motors verbygesteek om voor die einde van die eerste rondte die voortou te neem. Hy het sy posisie behou om sy tweede oorwinning te behaal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://formulascout.com/piastri-uses-great-start-to-win-fia-f3-race-two-at-barcelona/66423|title=Piastri uses great start to win FIA F3 race two at Barcelona|last=Woollard|first=Craig|date=16 August 2020|website=formulascout.com|access-date=26 December 2020}}</ref> Piastri het die kampioenskapsvoorsprong teruggekry nadat hy vyfde geëindig het by die volgende Spa-Francorchamps-funksieren,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://formulascout.com/tridents-lirim-zendeli-converts-pole-to-maiden-f3-win-at-spa/67174|title=Trident's Lirim Zendeli converts pole to maiden F3 win at Spa|last=Waring|first=Bethonie|date=29 August 2020|website=formulascout.com|access-date=26 December 2020}}</ref> maar het weer teruggesak nadat hy gepenaliseer is vir 'n onwettige verbysteek in die naelren, wat Sargeant gewen het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f3/news/spa-sprint-race-sargeant-piastri/4865540/|title=Spa F3: Sargeant wins sprint race to reclaim points lead|last=Suttill|first=Josh|date=30 August 2020|website=motorsport.com|access-date=26 December 2020}}</ref>
[[Lêer:2021_British_Grand_Prix_(51349300361).jpg|duimnael|Piastri by die 2021 Silverstone Formule 2-rondte]]
== Formule 1-loopbaan ==
Piastri het in Januarie 2020 by die Renault Sportakademie aangesluit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.automobilsport.com/race-categories--24/race-categories--24,203125,Piastri-combines-with-Prema-for-FIA-Formula-3-Championship-and-joins-Renault-Sport-Academy,news.htm|title=Piastri combines with Prema for FIA Formula 3 Championship and joins Renault Sport Academy|date=26 January 2020|access-date=27 January 2020|archive-date=25 Julie 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725041535/https://www.automobilsport.com/race-categories--24/race-categories--24,203125,Piastri-combines-with-Prema-for-FIA-Formula-3-Championship-and-joins-Renault-Sport-Academy,news.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fiaformula3.com/Latest/4crLV4RjkZwhDoFUXOGMLw/thoughts-of-a-champion-oscar-piastri|title=Thoughts of A Champion- Oscar Piastri|last=Thoughts of A Champion- Oscar Piastri|first=FIA Formula 3 Championship|date=24 September 2020|website=FIA Formula 3 Championship}}</ref> Nadat hy die FIA Formule 3-kampioenskap in 2020 gewen het, het hy in Oktober aan sy eerste [[Formule Een]]-toets vir die Renault F1-span deelgeneem en die Renault RS18 by die [[Bahrein Internasionale Renbaan]] saam met mede-akademiejaers Christian Lundgaard en [[Zhou Guanyu]] bestuur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://autoaction.com.au/2020/10/31/piastri-completes-first-f1-test-in-bahrain|title=PIASTRI COMPLETES FIRST F1 TEST IN BAHRAIN|date=31 October 2020|access-date=31 October 2020}}</ref> Hy het in 2021 deel gebly van die Alpine Academy wat nou hernaam is en in Desember die Alpine A521 in die na-seisoen jongbestuurderstoets by die [[Yas Marina-renbaan]] bestuur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwos.nine.com.au/motorsport/f1-2021-post-season-testing-oscar-piastri-alpine/2b3e326b-6982-4514-a39e-6d38d0b7a634|title=Australia's Oscar Piastri sets blistering pace in first official Formula 1 test|last=Graham|first=Brett|date=15 December 2021|website=nine.com.au|access-date=24 August 2022}}</ref>
Ná sy Formule 2-titeloorwinning is Piastri as die [[Alpine F1-span]] se reserwejaer vir die 2022 seisoen aangestel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.australian-f2-racer-oscar-piastri-joins-alpine-as-reserve-driver-for-2022.1VO8QvW5v1GWjOYRyT8YhJ.html|title=Australian F2 racer Oscar Piastri joins Alpine as reserve driver for 2022|date=16 November 2021|access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> Hy is ook as reserwejaer vir [[McLaren]] beskikbaar gestel ná 'n ooreenkoms tussen die twee spanne.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/piastri-joins-pool-of-mclaren-f1-reserves-for-2022-season/8930177/|title=Piastri joins pool of McLaren F1 reserves for 2022 season|last=Smith|first=Luke|date=12 March 2022|website=autosport.com|access-date=3 September 2022}}</ref> Hy het deur die seisoen aan Alpine se toetssessies in die A521 deelgeneem, insluitend by die [[Circuit of the Americas]], [[Losail Internasionale Renbaan]] en die [[Silverstone-renbaan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.planetf1.com/news/oscar-piastri-olli-caldwell-alpine-test/|title=Piastri runs extra Alpine test; Caldwell to make debut|last=Valantine|first=Henry|date=14 June 2022|website=planetf1.com|access-date=24 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://autoaction.com.au/2022/04/22/piastri-tests-f1-at-cota|title=PIASTRI TESTS F1 AT COTA|date=22 April 2022|access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwos.nine.com.au/motorsport/f1-2022-oscar-piastri-alpine-launch-very-clear-wants-a-race-seat-for-2023/cbfc369a-1316-4cc4-9555-703f6ef2721c|title=EXCLUSIVE: Oscar Piastri 'very clear' he expects a race seat with Alpine in 2023|date=25 February 2022|access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> Die hoof van die McLaren-span, Andreas Seidl, het bevestig dat Piastri die week voor die [[2022 São Paulo Grand Prix]] aan 'n privaat tweedag-toetssessie in 'n vorige-spesifikasie McLaren-motor by [[Paul Ricard-renbaan]] deelgeneem het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsportweek.com/2022/11/07/report-piastri-has-already-had-first-mclaren-f1-test/|title=Report: Piastri has already had first McLaren F1 test|date=7 November 2022|website=Motorsport Week|language=en|access-date=12 November 2022}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.piastri-and-gasly-to-run-for-mclaren-and-alpine-at-post-season-abu-dhabi.1lyuikHNHX28HiY7AvKcRh.html|title=Piastri and Gasly to run for McLaren and Alpine at post-season Abu Dhabi test following agreement {{!}} Formula 1®|website=www.formula1.com|language=en|access-date=13 November 2022}}</ref>
=== Kontrakdispuut met Williams ===
In Junie 2022 is berig dat Piastri in 2023 vir Williams sou bestuur op lening van Alpine, toe aanvanklik verwag is dat [[Esteban Ocon]] en [[Fernando Alonso]] deur Alpine behou sou word.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://the-race.com/formula-1/piastri-closing-on-deal-to-drive-for-williams-in-f1-2023/|title=Piastri closing on deal to drive for Williams in 2023|last=Mitchell|first=Scott|date=13 June 2022|website=The Race|publisher=The Race Media|access-date=13 June 2022}}</ref> Alonso het egter in Augustus aankondig dat hy die span sou verlaat om [[Sebastian Vettel]] by Aston Martin te vervang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.astonmartinf1.com/en-GB/news/announcement/sebastian-vettel-to-retire-from-f1-at-the-end-of-the-2022-season|title=Sebastian Vettel to retire from F1 at the end of the 2022 season|date=28 July 2022|website=Aston Martin F1 Team|access-date=28 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-fernando-alonso-signs-to-aston-martin-for-2023-on-multi-year.1i8QwJht5v7dBCWFCcrqml.html|title=Fernando Alonso signs to Aston Martin for 2023 on multi-year contract|website=www.formula1.com|publisher=Formula One|access-date=1 August 2022}}</ref> Alpine het aangekondig dat Piastri Alonso in 2023 sou vervang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/oscar-piastri-alpine-2023-alonso/10347858/|title=Piastri to make F1 debut with Alpine in 2023 replacing Alonso|website=www.motorsport.com|language=en|access-date=2 August 2022}}</ref> Piastri het Alpine se aankondiging via 'n plasing op [[Twitter]] verwerp, en gesê dat dat hy nie enige kontrak met die span geteken het nie, en dus nie vir hulle sal jaag in 2023 nie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/oscarpiastri/status/1554527452231262210|title=I understand that, without my agreement, Alpine F1 have put out a press release late this afternoon that I am driving for them next year. This is wrong and I have not signed a contract with Alpine for 2023. I will not be driving for Alpine next year.|last=Piastri|first=Oscar|date=2 August 2022|website=Twitter|language=en|access-date=2 August 2022}}</ref> Alpine se spanhoof, Otmar Szafnauer het Piastri gekritiseer en gedreig om die saak arbeidshof toe te neem.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.planetf1.com/news/oscar-piastri-criticised-otmar-szafnauer-lack-of-loyalty-alpine/|title=Oscar Piastri criticised by Otmar Szafnauer for showing a lack of loyalty to Alpine|last=Cooper|first=Sam|date=8 August 2022|website=planetf1.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.drive.com.au/news/court-battle-ahead-for-australias-next-f1-hopeful-oscar-piastri/|title=Court battle ahead for Australia's next F1 hopeful Oscar Piastri|last=Gover|first=Paul|date=9 August 2022|website=drive.com.au}}</ref>
=== McLaren (2023–) ===
Piastri het in [[2023 Formule Een-seisoen|2023]] vir [[McLaren]] gejaag saam met [[Lando Norris]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://f1feederseries.com/2022/09/02/piastri-to-join-mclaren-in-2023-after-alpine-snub/|title=Piastri to join McLaren in 2023 after Alpine snub|last=McClure|first=Michael|date=2 September 2022|website=F1 Feeder Series|language=en|access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mclaren.com/racing/team/2021-fia-f2-champion-oscar-piastri-join-mclaren-racing-2023/|title=2021 FIA F2 CHAMPION OSCAR PIASTRI TO JOIN McLAREN RACING IN 2023|website=www.mclaren.com|publisher=McLaren Group.|access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref> Alpine het ingestem om Piastri se kontrak vroeg te beëindig om hom toe te laat om by McLaren aan te sluit in die na-seisoentoetssessie onmiddellik na die [[2022 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|2022 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/alpine-agrees-early-contract-exit-piastri/10398472/|title=Alpine agrees to early contract exit for Piastri|last=Cooper|first=Adam|date=12 November 2022|website=www.motorsport.com|access-date=12 November 2022}}</ref> In sy eerste wedren in die [[2023 Bahreinse Grand Prix]], was Piastri die eerste wat uit die wedren op rondte 14 geval het, toe sy motor weens 'n elektroniese fout nie weer wou vat ná 'n stuurwielverandering nie. Na 'n chaotiese [[2023 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese Grand Prix]] het Piastri sy eerste punte in Formule Een en vir McLaren aangeteken deur agtste te eindig.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/McLarenF1/status/1642431361377091585|title=Drama. Drama. Drama: That race had it all but we've secured double points at the #AusGP!|date=2023-04-02|website=Twitter|language=en|access-date=}}</ref>
==== Eerste oorwinning in F1 ====
Op 21 Julie 2024 wen hy sy eerste Grand Prix, die [[2024 Hongaarse Grand Prix|Hongaarse Grand Prix]] naby [[Boedapest]].
== Formule 1-uitslae ==
{{F1 bestuurders resultate legende (weergawe 4)}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:78%"
!Jaar
!Inskrywer
!Onderstel
!Enjin
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!Plek
!Punte
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2023 Formule Een-seisoen|2023]]
| [[McLaren]]
| [[McLaren]] MCL60
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] <br/>F1 M14 E <small>Performance</small> [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[Turboaanjaer|t]]
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2023 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>15
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>11
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/>19
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>10
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>13
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>11
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>16
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2023 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>9
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br/>12{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2023 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2023 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/><sup>'''1'''</sup>2
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2023 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2023 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/>14
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>10{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2023 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>6
|
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''9'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''97'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024]]
| [[McLaren]]
| [[McLaren MCL38]]
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] <br/>F1 M15 E <small>Performance</small> [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[Turboaanjaer|t]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''7'''</sup>8
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2024 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><sup>'''6'''</sup>13{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2024 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>1
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2024 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2024 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>1
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>8
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>7
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2024 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/><sup>'''1'''</sup>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2024 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>10
|bgcolor=efefef|'''4'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''292'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2025 Formule Een-seisoen|2025]]
| [[McLaren]]
| [[McLaren]] MCL39
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] <br/>F1 M16 E <small>Performance</small> [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>9
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|v=1|p=1}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>1
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>1
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/>3{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|v=1|p=1}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/>2{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>1
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2025 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|v=1|p=1}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2025 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=000000 style=color:white| [[2025 Las Vegas Grand Prix|<span style=color:white;>LSV</span>]]<br/><small>DSQ</small>
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/><sup>'''1'''</sup>2{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=ffdf9f|'''{{brons}}'''
|bgcolor=ffdf9f|'''410'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2026 Formule Een-seisoen|2026]]*
| [[McLaren]]
| [[McLaren]] MCL40
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] <br/>F1 M17 E Performance [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=ffffff| [[2026 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/><small>DNS</small>
|bgcolor=ffffff| [[2026 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''6'''</sup><small>DNS</small>
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2026 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2026 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>3
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2026 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/><sup>'''4'''</sup>11
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Barcelona-Katalonië Grand Prix|BKT]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2026 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/><sup>'''7'''</sup>11
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2026 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2026 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>{{0}}
|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''{{F1stat|PIA|seasonposition}}'''*
|bgcolor=efefef|'''{{F1stat|PIA|seasonpoints}}'''*
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
|}<!--
* {{smallsup|†}} Jaer kon nie die ren voltooi nie, maar is geklassifiseer omrede hy meer as 90% van die wedrenafstand afgelê het.
-->
* '''*''' Seisoen is nog aan die gang.
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 2001]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
[[Kategorie:Australiese renjaers]]
[[Kategorie:Formule Een-renjaers]]
ju5p5i14tte8lsnbob3ktw9wcz4r4i0
2024 Bahreinse Grand Prix
0
412242
2928780
2897074
2026-08-22T08:42:27Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928780
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{BH-VLAG}} 2024 Formule 1 Gulf Air<br>Bahreinse Grand Prix
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Bahrain International Circuit--Grand Prix Layout.svg|200px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>2 Maart 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Bahrein Internasionale Renbaan]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]] </small>
| <small>[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]] </small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small> 1:29.179</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste ronde</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small> {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>
| <small> [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small> 1:32.608 (rondte 39 van 57)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]] </small> || <small> [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]] </small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small>{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]] </small> || <small> [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small>{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] </small> || <small> [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Bahreinse Grand Prix]]''' is op 2 Maart 2024 op die [[Bahrein Internasionale Renbaan]] te [[Sakhir]] in [[Bahrein]] gehou. Dit was die openingsrondte van die kampioenskapseisoen.
== Bande beskikbaar gestel ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne in Bahrein verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br>Hard C1
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br>Medium C2
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br>Sag C3
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br>Tussen-in
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:32.869
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:32.901
|-
!3
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:33.113
|-
!4
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:33.183
|-
!5
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:33.193
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.374
|-
!2
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.580
|-
!3
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.660
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.769
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.784
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
! 1
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.824
|-
!2
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.965
|-
!3
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:31.062
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:31.094
|-
!5
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:31.118
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:30.031
| 1:29.374
| '''1:29.179'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.243
| '''1:29.165'''
| 1:29.407
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:30.350
| 1:29.922
| 1:29.485
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| '''1:29.909'''
| 1:29.573
| 1:29.507
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:30.221
| 1:29.932
| 1:29.537
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.179
| 1:29.801
| 1:29.542
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.143
| 1:29.941
| 1:29.614
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.531
| 1:30.122
| 1:29.683
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.451
| 1:29.718
| 1:29.710
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:30.566
| 1:29.851
| 1:30.502
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:30.481
| 1:30.129
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:29.965
| 1:30.200
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.397
| 1:30.221
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:30.562
| 1:30.278
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:30.646
| 1:30.529
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:30.756
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:30.757
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.770
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:30.793
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:30.948
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|20
|-
!colspan=8|Q1 107% tyd: 1:36.202
|}
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Plek
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|57
| 1:31:44.742
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''26'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!2
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|57
| +22.457
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|57
| +25.110
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|57
| +39.669
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|57
| +46.788
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|57
| +48.458
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|57
| +50.324
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|57
| +56.082
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|57
| +1:14.887
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|18
| '''{{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|57
| +1:33.216
| align=center|12
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|56
| +1 ronde
| align=center|17
|
|-
!12
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|56
| +1 ronde
| align=center|15
|
|-
!13
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|56
| +1 ronde
| align=center|14
|
|-
!14
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|56
| +1 ronde
| align=center|11
|
|-
!15
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|56
| +1 ronde
| align=center|13
|
|-
!16
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|56
| +1 ronde
| align=center|10
|
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|56
| +1 ronde
| align=center|19
|
|-
!18
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|56
| +1 ronde
| align=center|20
|
|-
!19
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|56
| +1 ronde
| align=center|16
|
|-
!20
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|55
| +2 rondes
| align=center|18
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1229/bahrain/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Gulf Air Bahrain Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-03-02 |access-date=2024-03-02 |lang=en}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Max Verstappen]] teken die vinnigste rondte aan en verdien daarmee 'n ekstra punt.
== Puntestand na die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! No.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|26
|-
!2
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|18
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|15
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|12
|-
!5
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|10
|-
!6
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|8
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|6
|-
!8
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|4
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|2
|-
!10
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|1
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek !! Span !! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|44
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|27
|-
!3
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|16
|-
!4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|12
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|3
|-
!6
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!8
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|0
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Bahreinse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Bahrein]]
rh44tjdcgmsgge0p5brw0uygjyoiva9
2024 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix
0
412573
2928785
2897075
2026-08-22T08:55:30Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928785
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|SAU}} Formula 1 Saudi-Arabia Grand Prix 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Jeddah Street Circuit 2021.svg|250px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>9 Maart 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Djedda-straatrenbaan|Djedda Internasionale renbaan]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>
| <small>[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:27.472</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste ronde</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]</small>
| <small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:31.632</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>|| <small>[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small>{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]</small>||<small>[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small>{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]</small> ||<small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix]]''' is op 9 Maart 2024 op die [[Djedda-straatrenbaan]] gehou. Dit was die vierde uitgawe van die Grand Prix van Saoedi-Arabië vir die Formule 1-wêreldkampioenskap en die tweede rondte van die kampioenskap. Die ren is op 'n Saterdag in plaas van op 'n Sondag gehou vanweë [[Ramadan]], wat op Sondag 10 Maart begin het.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande in Saoedi-Arabië verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Djedda
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Hard C2
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Medium C3
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Sag C4
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:29.659
|-
!2
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:29.845
|-
!3
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:29.868
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:29.939
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.030
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.827
|-
!2
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:29.057
|-
!3
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:29.158
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:29.180
|-
!5
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:29.300
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:28.412
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:28.608
|-
!3
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:28.906
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:28.964
|-
!5
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.971
|}
* [[Oliver Bearman]] (reserwejaer van [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]) vervang [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] vir die hele naweek se renne. Sainz het 'n blindedermontsteking opgedoen en moes geopereer word.
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| '''1:28.171'''
| '''1:28.033'''
| '''1:27.472'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:28.318
| 1:28.112
| 1:27.791
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:28.638
| 1:28.467
| 1:27.807
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.706
| 1:28.122
| 1:27.846
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.755
| 1:28.343
| 1:28.089
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.805
| 1:28.479
| 1:28.132
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.749
| 1:28.448
| 1:28.316
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.994
| 1:28.606
| 1:28.460
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:28.988
| 1:28.564
| 1:28.547
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.250
| 1:28.578
| 1:28.572
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:28.984
| 1:28.642
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:29.107
| 1:28.980
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:29.069
| 1:29.020
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:29.065
| 1:29.025
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:29.055
| data-sort-value="15"| ''Geen tyd''
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:29.179
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:29.475
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:29.479
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:29.526
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 1:34.342 (Bron: FIA<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2024%20Saudi%20Arabian%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Final%20Qualifying%20Classification.pdf |titel=2024 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix - Final Qualifying Classification |uitgewer=FIA |datum=2024-03-08}}</ref>)
|-
!data-sort-value="20"|DNQ
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| data-sort-value="20"|''Geen tyd'' '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|20
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Zhou Guanyu]] kon geen tyd aanteken nie, maar het (volgens die beamptes) tog deelgeneem.
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|50
| 1:20:43.273
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''26'''
|-
!2
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|50
| +13.643
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|50
| +18.639
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''16'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|50
| +32.007
| align=center|12
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|14
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|50
| +35.759
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|50
| +39.936
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|38
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|50
| +42.679
| align=center|11
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|50
| +45.708
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|50
| +47.391
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|50
| +1:16.996
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|50
| +1:28.354
| align=center|12
|
|-
!12
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|50
| +1:45.737
| align=center|13
|
|-
!13
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|49
| +1 ronde
| align=center|17
|
|-
!14
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|49
| +1 ronde
| align=center|19
|
|-
!15
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|49
| +1 ronde
| align=center|9
|
|-
!16
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|49
| +1 ronde
| align=center|14
|
|-
!17
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|49
| +1 ronde
| align=center|16
|
|-
!18
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|49
| +1 ronde
| align=center|20
|
|-
!data-sort-value=19|DNF
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|5
| Ongeluk
| align=center|10
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|1
| Ratkas
| align=center|18
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1230/saudi-arabia/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 STC Saudi Arabian Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-03-09 |access-date=2024-03-09 |taal=en}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Charles Leclerc]] teken die vinnigste rondte aan en verdien daarmee 'n ekstra punt.
== Puntestand na die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|51
|-
!2
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|36
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|28
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|18
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|16
|-
!6
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|15
|-
!7
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|12
|-
!8
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|12
|-
!9
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|8
|-
!10
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|1
|-
!12
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|1
|-
!13
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!14
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!15
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!16
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|0
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|-
!18
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|0
|-
!19
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Pos.
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|44
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|27
|-
!3
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|16
|-
!4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|12
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|3
|-
!6
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|1
|-
!7
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!8
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!9
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|Racing Bulls]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|0
|-
!10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Saoedi-Arabië]]
05689ztnn2w2y6fmnkrqqtadip9zg9n
2024 Australiese Grand Prix
0
412753
2928786
2897076
2026-08-22T08:56:45Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928786
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{AU-VLAG}} 2024 Formule 1 Rolex Australiese Grand Prix
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Circuit Albert Park.svg|260px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>24 Maart 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Melbourne Grand Prix Renbaan|Albert Park-straatrenbaan]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>
| <small>[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:15.915</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste ronde</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]</small>
| <small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:19.813 (rondte 56 van 58)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small>{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]</small>|| <small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small>{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]</small> || <small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]</small> || <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Australiese Grand Prix]]''' is op [[24 Maart]] [[2024]] by die [[Melbourne Grand Prix Renbaan|Albert Park-straatrenbaan]] in [[Melbourne]], [[Australië]] gehou. Dit was die derde wedren van die 2024-kampioenskapseisoen.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne in Australië verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Albert Park
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Hard (C3)
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Medium (C4)
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Sag (C5)
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:18.564
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:18.599
|-
!3
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:18.621
|-
!4
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:18.642
|-
!5
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:18.667
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:17.277
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:17.658
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:17.707
|-
!4
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.822
|-
!5
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.912
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:16.714
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:16.734
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:17.791
|-
!4
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:16.806
|-
!5
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:16.886
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:16.819
| 1:16.387
| '''1:15.915'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| '''1:16.731'''
| '''1:16.189'''
| 1:16.185
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:16.805
| 1:16.631
| 1:16.274
| align=center|3 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.430
| 1:16.750
| 1:16.315
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:16.984
| 1:16.304
| 1:16.435
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.369
| 1:16.601
| 1:16.572
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:17.062
| 1:16.901
| 1:16.724
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:17.356
| 1:16.791
| 1:16.788
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.376
| 1:16.780
| 1:17.072
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:16.991
| 1:16.710
| 1:17.552
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:17.499
| 1:16.960
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.130
| 1:17.167
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:17.543
| 1:17.340
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:17.709
| 1:17.427
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:17.617
| 1:17.697
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:17.976
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:17.982
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:18.085
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:18.188
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|Kuipelaan '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 1:22.102
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Sergio Pérez]] het 'n roosterstraf van drie plekke ontvang omdat hy [[Nico Hülkenberg]] in K1 belemmer het.<br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Zhou Guanyu]] het 19de gekwalifiseer, maar moes vanuit die kuipelaan wegspring weens 'n voorvlerkwisseling.<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.planetsport.com/motorsport/news/zhou-guanyu-forced-to-pit-lane-start-due-to-bizarre-front-wing-damage-in-australia |title=Zhou Guanyu forced to pit lane start due to bizarre front-wing damage in Australia |website=PlanetSport.com |date=2024-03-23}}</ref>
== Wedren ==
[[Carlos Sainz jr.]] behaal die derde Grand Prix-oorwinning van sy loopbaan.
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|58
| 1:20:26.843
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|58
| +2.366
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''19'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|58
| +5.904
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|58
| +35.770
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|58
| +56.309
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|18
| '''{{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|58
| +1:33.222
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|22
| '''{{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]'''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|58
| +1:35.601
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|14
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|58
| +1:40.992 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|27
| '''{{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|58
| +1:44.553
| align=center|16
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|20
| '''{{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|57
| +1 rondte
| align=center|14
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|57
| +1 rondte
| align=center|12
|
|-
!12
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|57
| +1 rondte
| align=center|18
|
|-
!13
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|57
| +1 rondte '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
| align=center|17
|
|-
!14
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|58
| +1 rondte
| align=center|13
|
|-
!15
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|57
| +1 rondte
| align=center data-sort-value=20 |Kuipe
|
|-
!16
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|57
| +1 rondte
| align=center|15
|
|-
!data-sort-value=17|17 <sup>†</sup>
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|56
| Ongeluk
| align=center|7
|
|-
!data-sort-value=18|DNF
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|15
| Enjin
| align=center|11
|
|-
!data-sort-value=19|DNF
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|3
| Remme
| align=center|1
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1231/australia/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Rolex Australian Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-03-24}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Charles Leclerc]] teken vir die negende keer in sy loopbaan 'n vinnigste rondte aan en behaal daarmee 'n ekstra punt.<br/>
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Fernando Alonso]] eindig die ren in die sesde plek, maar kry 'n straf van 20 sekondes omdat hy afwyk van die normale rempunt, en daarmee 'n ongeluk met [[George Russell]] veroorsaak.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://racingnews365.nl/nieuwe-uitslag-gp-australie-2024-na-zware-straf-alonso |title=Zware straf Alonso zorgt voor nieuwe uitslag GP Australië 2024 |website=Racingnews365.nl |date=2024-03-24}}</ref><br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Pierre Gasly]] kry 'n tydstraf van vyf sekondes oor hy oor die wit streep aan die einde van die kuipelaan gery het. Dit het egter geen invloed op sy posisie in die einduitslag.<br/>
'''<sup>†</sup>''' Uitgeval maar wel geklassifiseer omdat hy meer as 90% van die renafstand afgelê het.
== Puntestand na die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|51
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|47
|-
!3
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|46
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|40
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|28
|-
!6
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|27
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|18
|-
!8
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|16
|-
!9
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|8
|-
!11
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|6
|-
!12
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!13
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|3
|-
!14
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|1
|-
!15
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!16
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!17
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|0
|-
!18
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|-
!19
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Pos.
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|97
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|93
|-
!3
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|55
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|26
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|25
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|4
|-
!8
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!9
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Australiese Grand Prix|Australië]]
[[Kategorie:Melbourne]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Australië]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in Australië|Formule Een]]
1sb6w8900frl7zglv30omlsuemxuufv
2024 Japannese Grand Prix
0
413125
2928787
2897077
2026-08-22T09:05:41Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928787
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|JPN}} 2024 Formule 1 MSC Cruises<br/>Japannese Grand Prix
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Circuit Suzuka.png|200px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>7 April 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Suzuka Internasionale Renbaan]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>
| <small>[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:28.197</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste rondte</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>
| <small>[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:33.706 op rondte 50 van 53</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>|| <small>[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small>{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]</small>|| <small>[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small>{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]</small>||<small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Japannese Grand Prix]]''' is op [[7 April]] [[2024]] op die [[Suzuka Internasionale Renbaan]] in [[Japan]] gehou. Dit was die vierde wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande in Japan verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Suzuka
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Hard (Tipe C1)
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Medium (Tipe C2)
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Sag (Tipe C3)
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center| 1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:30.056
|-
!2
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:30.237
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.269
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:30.530
|-
!5
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:30.543
|- style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
!rowspan=6|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:34.725
|-
!2
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:35.226
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:38.760
|-
!4
| align=center| 22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:40.946
|-
!5
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:41.913
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan=6|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center| 1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:29.563
|-
!2
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:29.832
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:29.918
|-
!4
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:30.037
|-
!5
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.082
|-
!colspan=9| Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1232/japan/practice-3.html|title=FORMULA 1 MSC CRUISES JAPANESE GRAND PRIX 2024 - PRACTICE 3 |website=Formula 1|date=6 April 2024|access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref>
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| '''1:28.866'''
| '''1:28.740'''
| '''1:28.197'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:29.303
| 1:28.752
| 1:28.263
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:29.536
| 1:28.940
| 1:28.489
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:29.513
| 1:29.099
| 1:28.682
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:29.254
| 1:29.082
| 1:28.686
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:29.425
| 1:29.148
| 1:28.760
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:29.661
| 1:28.887
| 1:28.766
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:29.338
| 1:29.196
| 1:28.786
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:29.799
| 1:29.140
| 1:29.008
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:29.775
| 1:29.417
| 1:29.413
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:29.727
| 1:29.472
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:29.821
| 1:29.494
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:29.602
| 1:29.593
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:29.963
| 1:29.714
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:29.811
| 1:29.816
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.024
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|10
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:30.119
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:30.131
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.139
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:30.143
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|20
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd:
|}
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Plek
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|53
| 1:54:23.566
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''26'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!2
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|53
| +12.535
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|53
| +20.866
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
! 4
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|53
| +26.522
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|53
| +29.700
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|14
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|53
| +44.272
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|53
| +45.951
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|53
| +47.525
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|53
| +48.626
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|22
| '''{{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]'''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|12
|
|-
!12
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|16
|
|-
!13
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|18
|
|-
!14
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|13
|
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|15
|
|-
!16
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|17
|
|-
!17
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|19
|
|-
!DNF
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|12
| Ratkas
| align=center|20
|
|-
!DNF
| align="center" |3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align="center" |0
| Ongeluk
| align="center" |11
|
|-
!DNF
| align="center" |23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align="center" |0
| Ongeluk
| align="center" |14
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1232/japan/race-result.html |title=FORMULA 1 MSC CRUISES JAPANESE GRAND PRIX 2024 - RACE RESULT |publisher=Formula 1® |date=7 April 2024 |access-date=7 April 2024}}</ref>
|}
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|77
|-
!2
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|64
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|59
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|55
|-
!5
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|37
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|32
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|24
|-
!8
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
|-
!9
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|10
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|9
|-
!11
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|7
|-
!12
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!13
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|3
|-
!14
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|1
|-
!15
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!16
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!17
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|0
|-
!18
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|-
!19
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|141
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|120
|-
!3
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|69
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|34
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|33
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|7
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|4
|-
!8
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!9
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Japannese Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Japan]]
g9ih7ndplk2gopip63hiq8wiga0i945
2024 Chinese Grand Prix
0
413896
2928788
2897078
2026-08-22T09:06:08Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928788
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{CN-VLAG}} 2024 Formule 1 Chinese Grand Prix
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Beeld:Circuit Shanghai.png|200px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>21 April 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Shanghai Internasionale Renbaan]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>
| <small>[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:33.660</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste ronde</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]</small>
| <small>[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:37.810 (ronde 45 van 56)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]] </small> || <small> [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]] </small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]] </small> || <small> [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small>{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]] </small> || <small> [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Chinese Grand Prix]]''' is op 21 April op die [[Shanghai Internasionale Renbaan]] in [[China]] gehou. Dit was die vyfde wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen.
Die Chinese Grand Prix was die eerste van ses GP-naweke vanjaar waarin 'n "[[Formule Een|Sprint]]" gehou is. ’n “Sprint” is amper dieselfde as ’n gewone wedren, met die verskil dat die wedren minder tyd neem. Die afstand van die naelren is ongeveer 100 kilometer (30 minute).
Die Grand Prix-naweek het Vrydag met 'n vrye oefening van sestig minute begin, gevolg deur die naelrenkwalifisering. Op Saterdag is die sprint gehou, gevolg deur die kwalifisering wat die wegspringrooster vir die hoofren op Sondag (insluitend moontlike roosterstrawwe) bepaal het en ook watter jaer die eer verdien het om heelvoor weg te spring.
==Bande beskikbaar gestel ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne in Shanghai verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:centre;"
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| align=center|{{spaces|3}}[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]{{spaces|3}}<br/>Hard C2
| align=center|{{spaces|3}}[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]{{spaces|3}}<br/>Medium C3
| align=center|{{spaces|3}}[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]{{spaces|3}}<br/>Sag C4
| align=center|{{spaces|3}}[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]{{spaces|3}}<br/>Tussen-in
| align=center|{{spaces|3}}[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]{{spaces|3}}<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:36.302
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:36.629
|-
!3
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:36.660
|-
!4
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:36.690
|-
!5
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:37.101
|}
== Snelkwalifisering ==
Die uitslag van die snelkwalifisering bepaal die roosteropstelling vir die naelren op Saterdag.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|Nr.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
!scope=col|SK1
!scope=col|SK2
!scope=col|SK3
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:36.384
| 1:36.047
| '''1:57.940'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:37.181
| 1:36.287
| 1:59.201
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:36.883
| 1:36.119
| 1:59.915
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:36.456
| '''1:35.606'''
| 2:00.028
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:36.719
| 1:36.052
| 2:00.214
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| '''1:36.110'''
| 1:35.781
| 2:00.375
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:36.537
| 1:35.711
| 2:00.566
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:36.542
| 1:35.853
| 2:00.990
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:37.112
| 1:36.056
| 2:01.044
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:37.544
| 1:36.307
| 2:03.537
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:37.310
| 1:36.345
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:37.033
| 1:36.473
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:36.924
| 1:36.478
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:37.321
| 1:36.553
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:36.961
| 1:36.677
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:37.632
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:37.720
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:37.812
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:37.892
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:37.923
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|20
|-
!colspan="8"|SK1 107% tyd: 1:42.837
|}
== Naelren ==
=== Naelrenuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|19
| 32:04.660
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''8'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!2
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|19
| +13.043
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''7'''
|-
!3
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|19
| +15.258
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|19
| +17.486
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''5'''
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|19
| +20.696
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!6
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|19
| +22.088
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''3'''
|-
!7
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|19
| +24.713
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!8
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|19
| +25.696
| align=center|11
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!9
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| +31.951
| align=center|10
|
|-
!10
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| +37.398
| align=center|12
|
|-
!11
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|19
| +37.840
| align=center|14
|
|-
!12
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| +38.295
| align=center|9
|
|-
!13
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|19
| +39.841
| align=center|17
|
|-
!14
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +40.299
| align=center|15
|
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|19
| +40.838
| align=center|16
|
|-
!16
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|19
| +41.870
| align=center|19
|
|-
!17
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +42.998
| align=center|18
|
|-
!18
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +46.352
| align=center|20
|
|-
!19
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| +49.630
| align=center|13
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|17
| Meganiese fout
| align=center|3
|
|-
!colspan=9|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Citeer web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1233/china/sprint-results.html|titel=Formula 1 Lenovo Chinese Grand Prix 2024 – Sprint |uitgewer=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2024-04-20 |bezochtdatum=2024-04-20}}</ref>
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| '''1:34.742'''
| '''1:33.794'''
| '''1:33.660'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:35.457
| 1:34.026
| 1:33.982
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:35.116
| 1:34.652
| 1:34.148
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:34.842
| 1:34.460
| 1:34.165
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:35.014
| 1:34.659
| 1:34.273
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:34.797
| 1:34.399
| 1:34.289
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:34.970
| 1:34.368
| 1:34.297
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:35.084
| 1:34.609
| 1:34.433
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:35.068
| 1:34.667
| 1:34.604
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:35.169
| 1:34.769
| 1:34.665
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:35.334
| 1:34.838
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:35.443
| 1:34.934
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:35.356
| 1:35.223
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:35.384
| 1:35.241
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:35.287
| 1:35.463
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:35.505
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:35.516
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:35.573
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:35.746
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:36.358
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|20
|-
!colspan="8"| K1 107% tyd: 1:41.373
|}
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|56
| 1:40:52.554
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|56
| +13.773
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|56
| +19.160
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|56
| +23.623
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|56
| +33.983
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|56
| +38.724
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|14
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|56
| +43.414
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''7'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!8
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|56
| +56.198
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|56
| +57.986
| align=center|18
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| '''{{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|56
| +1:00.476
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|56
| +1:02.812
| align=center|13
|
|-
!12
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|56
| +1:05.506
| align=center|14
|
|-
!13
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|56
| +1:09.223
| align=center|15
|
|-
!14
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|56
| +1:11.689
| align=center|16
|
|-
!15
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|56
| +1:22.786
| align=center|11
|
|-
!16
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|56
| +1:27.533 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| align=center|17
|
|-
!17
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|56
| +1:35.110 '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
| align=center|Kuipe
|
|-
!data-sort-value=18|DNF
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|33
| Vloerskade
| align=center|12
|
|-
!data-sort-value=19|DNF
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|26
| Botsing
| align=center|19
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| Enjin
| align=center|10
|
|-
!colspan=8|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1233/china/race-result.html|title=Formula 1 Lenovo Chinese Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-04-21 |access-date=2024-04-21}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Fernando Alonso]] teken die vinnigste rondte aan en behaal daarmee 'n ekstra punt.<br/><!--
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Kevin Magnussen]] eindigde de wedstrijd als vijftiende maar kreeg een tijdstraf van tien seconden voor het veroorzaken van een botsing met [[Yuki Tsunoda]].<br>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Logan Sargeant]] kreeg een tijdstraf van tien seconden voor het niet volgen van de [[safety car]] regels, dit had geen gevolgen voor de positie in de einduitslag. -->
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|110
|-
!2
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|85
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|76
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|69
|-
!5
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|58
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|38
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|33
|-
!8
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|31
|-
!9
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|19
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|9
|-
!11
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|7
|-
!12
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!13
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|4
|-
!14
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|1
|-
!15
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!16
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|-
!17
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!18
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|0
|-
!19
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|195
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|151
|-
!3
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|96
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|52
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|40
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|7
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|5
|-
!8
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!9
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Chinese Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|China]]
8e0tde0msavz8lkoesuxbm02h4wpsk9
2024 Miami Grand Prix
0
413916
2928789
2896917
2026-08-22T09:06:30Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928789
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|VSA}} Formula 1 Crypto.com<br>Miami Grand Prix 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Hard_Rock_Stadium_Circuit_2022.svg|220px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>5 Mei 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Miami International Autodrome]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
|<small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>
|<small>[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:27.241</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste ronde</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]</small>
| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:30.634 (ronde 43 van 57)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]</small>
| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>'''
| <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>
| <small>[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>'''
| <small>{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]</small>
|<small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Miami Grand Prix]]''' is op 5 Mei 2024 op die [[Miami International Autodrome]]in [[Miami]] (Florida) gehou. Dit was die derde uitgawe van die Miami Grand Prix vir die Formule 1-wêreldkampioenskap en die sesde rondte van die 2024-kampioenskap.
Die Miami Grand Prix is die tweede van ses Grand Prix-naweke vanjaar waarin 'n "[[Formule Een|Sprint]]" gehou is. ’n “Sprint” is amper dieselfde as ’n gewone wedren, met die verskil dat die wedren minder tyd neem. Die afstand van die naelren is ongeveer 100 kilometer (30 minute).
Die Grand Prix-naweek het Vrydag met die vrye oefening van sestig minute begin, gevolg deur die naelrenkwalifisering. Op Saterdag is die sprint gehou, gevolg deur die kwalifisering wat die wegspringrooster vir die hoofren op Sondag bepaal het en ook watter jaer die eer ontvang om heel voor weg te spring.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne in Miami verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br />Hard C2
| {{spaces|3}}[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br />Medium C3
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br />Sag C4
| {{spaces|1}}[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br />Tussen-in
| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br />{{spaces|3}}Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:28.595
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.700
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:28.711
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:28.784
|-
!5
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.817
|}
== Snelkwalifisering ==
Die uitslag bepaal die roosteropstelling vir die naelren op Saterdag.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|Nr.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
!scope=col|SK1
!scope=col|SK2
!scope=col|SK3
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:28.194
| 1:28.001
| '''1:27.641'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:28.537
| 1:27.977
| 1:27.749
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:28.681
| 1:27.865
| 1:27.876
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:28.700
| 1:28.122
| 1:28.044
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:28.435
| 1:28.262
| 1:28.103
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.056
| 1:28.163
| 1:28.161
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.807
| 1:28.323
| 1:28.375
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.192
| 1:28.189
| 1:28.419
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| '''1:27.939'''
| '''1:27.597'''
| 1:28.472
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:29.040
| 1:28.330
| 1:28.476
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:28.387
| 1:28.343
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:28.736
| 1:28.371
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:28.873
| 1:28.379
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:28.377
| 1:28.614
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:28.687
| 1:28.736
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:29.185
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:29.267
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:29.360
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:29.551
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:29.858
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|20
|-
!colspan="8"|SK1 107% tyd: 1:34.094
|}
== Naelren ==
=== Naelrenuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|19
| 31.31.383
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''8'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|19
| +3.371
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''7'''
|-
!3
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|19
| +5.095
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!4
| align=center|3
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]] '''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|19
| +14.971
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''5'''
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|19
| +15.222
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|19
| +15.750
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''3'''
|-
!7
| align=center|27
| '''{{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|19
| +22.054
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!8
| align=center|22
| '''{{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]'''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|19
| +29.816
| align=center|15
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!9
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|19
| +31.880
| align=center|16
|
|-
!10
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +34.355
| align=center|18
|
|-
!11
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| +35.078
| align=center|17
|
|-
!12
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|19
| +35.755
| align=center|11
|
|-
!13
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +36.086
| align=center|Kuipe
|
|-
!14
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| +36.892
| align=center|19
|
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|19
| +37.740
| align=center|13
|
|-
!16
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|19
| +49.347
| align=center|12
|
|-
!17
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +59.409
| align=center|8
|
|-
!18
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| +1:06.303
| align=center|14
|
|-
!data-sort-value=19|DNF
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|1
| Ongelukskade
| align=center|7
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
| Botsing
| align=center|9
|
|-
!colspan=9|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1234/miami/sprint-results.html |title=Formula 1 Crypto.com Miami Grand Prix 2024 – Sprint |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-05-05 |access-date=2024-05-05}}</ref>
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| '''1:27.689'''
| 1:27.566
| '''1:27.241'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:28.081
| '''1:27.533'''
| 1:27.382
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:27.937
| 1:27.941
| 1:27.455
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:27.772
| 1:27.839
| 1:27.460
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:27.913
| 1:27.871
| 1:27.594
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.032
| 1:27.721
| 1:27.675
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes GP|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.159
| 1:28.095
| 1:28.067
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes GP|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.167
| 1:27.697
| 1:28.107
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:28.383
| 1:28.200
| 1:28.146
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:28.324
| 1:28.167
| 1:28.192
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.177
| 1:28.222
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:27.976
| 1:28.324
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:28.209
| 1:28.371
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.343
| 1:28.413
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.453
| 1:28.427
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:28.463
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:28.487
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:28.617
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|20
|-
!19
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:28.619
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|18
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:28.824
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|19
|-
!colspan="8"|K1 107% tyd: 1:33.827
|}
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|57
| 1:30:49.876
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|57
| +7.612
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|57
| +9.920
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|57
| +14.650
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|57
| +16.407 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes GP|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|57
| +16.585
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|22
| '''{{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]'''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|57
| +26.185
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes GP|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|57
| +34.789
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|57
| +37.107
| align=center|15
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|31
| '''{{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|57
| +39.746
| align=center|13
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|57
| +40.789
| align=center|9
|
|-
!12
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|57
| +44.958
| align=center|12
|
|-
!13
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|57
| +49.756
| align=center|6
| align=center|{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!14
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|57
| +49.979
| align=center|19
|
|-
!15
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|57
| +50.956
| align=center|20
|
|-
!16
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|57
| +52.356
| align=center|16
|
|-
!17
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|57
| +55.173 '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
| align=center|11
|
|-
!18
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|57
| +1:16.091
| align=center|14
|
|-
!19
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|57
| +1:24.683 '''*<sup>3</sup>'''
| align=center|18
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|30
| Ongeluk
| align=center|17
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Citeer web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1234/miami/race-result.html|titel=Formula 1 Crypto.com Miami Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |uitgewer=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2024-05-05}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Oscar Piastri]] het vir die derde keer in sy loopbaan ’n vinnigste rondte gery, maar nie ’n ekstra punt verdien nie omdat hy nie onder die eerste tien geëindig het nie.<br/>
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] het die wedren in die vierde plek voltooi, maar het 'n 5-sekonde straf gekry vir die geringe botsing met Oscar Piastri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://racingnews365.nl/stewards-vellen-oordeel-over-incident-tussen-sainz-en-piastri |title=Sainz hard gestraft na incident met Piastri tijdens GP Miami |website=racingnews365.nl |date=2024-05-06}}</ref><br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Lance Stroll]] het die wedren in die dertiende posisie voltooi, maar is 'n 10-sekonde straf opgelê omdat hy 'n voordeel behaal het deur van die baan af te ry.<br/>
'''*<sup>3</sup>''' [[Kevin Magnussen]] het die wedren in die agtiende plek voltooi, maar is 'n 10-sekonde straf opgelê omdat hy 'n botsing met [[Logan Sargeant]] veroorsaak het. Hy het toe nog 'n deurrystraf ontvang wat na 'n 20-sekonde-straf omgeskakel is omdat hy tydens die veiligheidsmotorsituasie die kuipelaan betree het sonder om die bande van sy motor om te ruil.<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2024%20Miami%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Infringement%20-%20Car%2020%20-%20Entering%20pit%20lane%20under%20Safety%20Car%20conditions.pdf |title=Entering the pits during a Safety Car period and not changing tyres |website=FIA.com |date=2024-05-05 |access-date=2024-05-06}}</ref>
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|136
|-
!2
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|103
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|98
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|83
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|83
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|41
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|37
|-
!8
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|33
|-
!9
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|27
|-
!10
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|14
|-
!11
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|9
|-
!12
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!13
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!14
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|5
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|1
|-
!16
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|1
|-
!17
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!18
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!19
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|239
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|187
|-
!3
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|124
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|64
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|42
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|19
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|1
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Miami Grand Prix|Miami]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Miami]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in die Verenigde State van Amerika]]
84793wokcup0ia6p4c8rwiirg0kbb0i
2024 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix
0
414544
2928790
2897079
2026-08-22T09:06:53Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928790
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:95%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|ITA}} Formula 1 MSC Cruises Gran Premio del Made in Italy e dell'Emilia-Romagna 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Imola 2009.svg|260px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>19 Mei 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>Imola, [[Emilia-Romagna]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renajaer</small>'''
| <small>{{nowrap|{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]}}</small>
| <small>[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:14.746</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste rondte</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]</small>
| <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:18.589 (rondte 54 van 63)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podiumplekke</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>|| <small>[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]</small> || <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small>{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]</small> ||<small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix]]''' is op 19 Mei by die [[Enzo en Dino Ferrari-renbaan]] naby Imola in Italië gehou. Dit was die sewende wedren van die seisoen.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne in Imola verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Imola
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Hard C3
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Medium C4
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Sag C5
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
| align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:16.990
|-
!2
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:17.094
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:17.120
|-
!4
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:17.233
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:17.240
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
! 1
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:15.906
|-
! 2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:16.098
|-
! 3
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:16.286
|-
! 4
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:16.297
|-
! 5
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:16.311
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:15.529
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:15.829
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:16.067
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:16.087
|-
!5
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:16.095
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| '''1:15.762'''
| '''1:15.176'''
| '''1:14.746'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:15.940
| 1:15.407
| 1:14.820
| align=center|5 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:15.915
| 1:15.371
| 1:14.837
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:15.823
| 1:15.328
| 1:14.970
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:16.015 '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
| 1:15.512
| 1:15.233
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:16.107
| 1:15.671
| 1:15.234
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:15.894
| 1:15.358
| 1:15.465
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:16.604
| 1:15.677
| 1:15.504
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:16.060
| 1:15.691
| 1:15.674
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:15.841
| 1:15.569
| 1:15.980
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:16.404
| 1:15.706
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:16.361
| 1:15.906
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:16.458
| 1:15.992
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:16.524
| 1:16.200
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:16.015 '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
| 1:16.381
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:16.626
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:16.834
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:16.854
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:16.917
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|Kuipe '''*<sup>3</sup>'''
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 1:21.065
|-
!data-sort-value="20"|DNQ
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| ''Geen tyd'' '''*<sup>4</sup>'''
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|19
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Oscar Piastri]] het 'n roosterstraf van drie plekke gekry omdat hy [[Kevin Magnussen]] tydens die eerste kwalifiserende sessie gehinder het.<br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] en [[Pierre Gasly]] stel dieselfde tyd tydens die eerste kwalifiserende sessie op. Sainz is sewende geklassifiseer omdat hy sy tyd eerste opgestel het.<br/>
'''*<sup>3</sup>''' [[Fernando Alonso]] moes vanuit die kuipelaan wegspring omdat daar aan sy motor gewerk is onder ''Parc fermé'' toestande.<br/>
'''*<sup>4</sup>''' [[Logan Sargeant]] kon nie 'n tyd opstel nie, maar die wedrenbeamptes het hom toegelaat om wel aan die wedren deel te neem.
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
! 1
| align=center| 1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center| 63
| 1:25:25.252
| align=center| 1
| align=center| '''25'''
|-
! 2
| align=center| 4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center| 63
| +0,725
| align=center| 2
| align=center| '''18'''
|-
! 3
| align=center| 16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center| 63
| +7,916
| align=center| 3
| align=center| '''15'''
|-
! 4
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center| 63
| +14,132
| align=center|5
| align=center| '''12'''
|-
! 5
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center| 63
| +22,325
| align=center|4
| align=center| '''10'''
|-
! 6
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center| 63
| +35,104
| align=center|8
| align=center| '''8'''
|-
! 7
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|63
| +47,154
| align=center|6
| align=center| '''7''' {{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
! 8
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|63
| +54,776
| align=center|11
| align=center| '''4'''
|-
! 9
| align=center|18
| '''{{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|63
| +1:19,556
| align=center|13
| align=center| '''2'''
|-
! 10
| align=center|22
| '''{{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]'''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|62
| +1 rondte
| align=center|7
| align=center| '''1'''
|-
! 11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|62
| +1 rondte
| align=center|10
|
|-
! 12
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|62
| +1 rondte
| align=center|18
|
|-
! 13
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|62
| +1 rondte
| align=center|9
|
|-
! 14
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|62
| +1 rondte
| align=center|12
|
|-
! 15
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|62
| +1 rondte
| align=center|17
|
|-
! 16
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|62
| +1 rondte
| align=center|15
|
|-
! 17
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|62
| +1 rondte
| align=center|20
|
|-
! 18
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|62
| +1 rondte
| align=center|16
|
|-
! 19
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|62
| +1 rondte
| align=center|19
|
|-
! 20
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|5
| Spanbesluit
| align=center|14
|
|}
*{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[George Russell]] teken die vinnigste rondte aan en verdien daarmee 'n ekstra punt.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|161
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|113
|-
!3
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|107
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|101
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|93
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|53
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|44
|-
!8
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|35
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|33
|-
!10
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|15
|-
!11
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!13
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!14
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|5
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|1
|-
!16
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|1
|-
!17
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!18
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!19
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|268
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|212
|-
!3
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|154
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|79
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|44
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|20
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|1
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Formule Een-wedrenverslae|Emilia-Romagna]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Emilia-Romagna]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in Italië]]
6f0q7qqfdzl7wh6hlyluyz9y490rpbs
2024 Monaco Grand Prix
0
414916
2928791
2897080
2026-08-22T09:07:09Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928791
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{MC-VLAG}} Formula 1 Grand Prix de Monaco 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Circuit Monaco.png|260px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>26 Mei 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Monaco-renbaan|Circuit de Monaco]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]</small>
| <small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:12.397</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste ronde</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]</small>
| <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:14.165 (rondte 63 van 78)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small>{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]</small>|| <small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small>{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]</small>|| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small>{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]</small> || <small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Monaco Grand Prix]]''' het op 26 Mei op die [[Monaco-renbaan]] in [[Monte Carlo]] plaasgevind. Dit was die agtste ren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Monaco
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br>Supersag C3
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br>Ultrasag C4
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br>Hipersag C5
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br>Tussen-in
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br>{{spaces|3}}Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:12.169
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:12.198
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:12.295
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:12.396
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:12.397
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:11.278
|-
!2
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:11.466
|-
!3
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:11.753
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:11.813
|-
!5
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:11.953
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:11.369
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:11.566
|-
!3
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:11.710
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:11.901
|-
!5
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:11.923
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:11.584
| 1:10.825
| '''1:10.270'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:11.500
| 1:10.756
| 1:10.424
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:11.543
| 1:11.075
| 1:10.518
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:11.760
| '''1:10.732'''
| 1:10.542
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| '''1:11.492'''
| 1:10.929
| 1:10.543
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:11.711
| 1:10.745
| 1:10.567
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:11.528
| 1:11.056
| 1:10.621
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:11.852
| 1:11.106
| 1:10.858
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:11.623
| 1:11.216
| 1:10.948
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:11.714
| 1:10.896
| 1:11.311
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:11.887
| 1:11.285
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:11.876
| 1:11.440
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:11.785
| 1:11.482
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:11.728
| 1:11.563
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:11.832
| 1:11.725
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:12.019
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:12.020
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:12.060
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:12.512
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:13.028
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|20
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 1:16.496
|}
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center| 16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center| 78
| 2:23:15.554
| align=center| 1
| align=center| '''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center| 78
| +7.152
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center| 78
| +7.585
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center| 4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center| 78
| +8.650
| align=center| 4
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|78
| +13.309
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center| 1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center| 78
| +13.853
| align=center| 6
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center| 78
| +14.908
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''7''' {{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!8
| align=center|22
| '''{{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]'''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|77
| +1 ronde
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|23
| '''{{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]'''
| '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|77
| +1 ronde
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| '''{{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|77
| +1 ronde
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|76
| +2 rondes
| align=center|14
|
|-
!12
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|76
| +2 rondes
| align=center|12
|
|-
!13
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|76
| +2 rondes
| align=center|17
|
|-
!14
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|76
| +2 rondes
| align=center|13
|
|-
!15
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|76
| +2 rondes
| align=center|15
|
|-
!16
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|76
| +2 rondes
| align=center|18
|
|-
!DNF
| align=center|31
| '''{{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]'''
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
| Ongeluk
| align=center|11
|
|-
!DNF
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|0
| Ongeluk
| align=center|16
|
|-
!DNF
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
| Ongeluk
| align=center|19
|
|-
!DNF
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
| Ongeluk
| align=center|20
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1236/monaco/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Grand Prix De Monaco 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-05-26 |access-date=2024-05-26}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Lewis Hamilton]] teken die vinnigste rondte aan en behaal daarmee 'n ekstra punt.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|169
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|138
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|113
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|108
|-
!5
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|107
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|71
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|54
|-
!8
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|42
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|33
|-
!10
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|19
|-
!11
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!13
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!14
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|5
|-
!15
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|2
|-
!16
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|2
|-
!17
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|1
|-
!18
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!19
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|276
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|252
|-
!3
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|184
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|96
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|44
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|24
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|2
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|2
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Monaco]]
[[Kategorie:Monaco Grand Prix]]
n7edmb9q0garpixcfymt2n5sbbftcel
2024 Kanadese Grand Prix
0
414919
2928792
2897081
2026-08-22T09:07:50Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928792
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{CA-VLAG}} Formula 1 Grand Prix du Canada 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Circuit_Montreal.png|200px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>9 Junie 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Gilles Villeneuve-renbaan|Circuit Gilles Villeneuve]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]</small>
| <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:12.000</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste rondte</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]</small>
| <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:14.856 (rondte 70 van 70)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]] </small> || <small> [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]] </small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]] </small> || <small> [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]</small> || <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Kanadese Grand Prix]]''' is op 9 Junie op die [[Gilles Villeneuve-renbaan]] in [[Montreal]], [[Kanada]] gehou. Dit was die negende wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Montreal
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br>Hard C3
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br>Medium C4
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br>Sag C5
|align=center|[[Lêer:Neumático F1 Pirelli Verde.svg|55px]]<br>Tussen-in
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:24.435
|-
!2
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:24.763
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:25.306
|-
!4
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:25.970
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:26.502
|- style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:15.810
|-
!2
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:16.273
|-
!3
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:16.464
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:16.556
|-
!5
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:16.731
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:12.549
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:12.923
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:12.957
|-
!4
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.026
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.266
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.013
| '''1:11.742'''
| '''1:12.000''' '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| '''1:12.360'''
| 1:12.549
| data-sort-value="1:12.001" | '''1:12.000''' '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:12.959
| 1:12.201
| 1:12.021
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:12.907
| 1:12.462
| 1:12.103
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:13.240
| 1:12.572
| 1:12.178
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.117
| 1:12.635
| 1:12.228
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:12.851
| 1:11.979
| 1:12.280
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:12.748
| 1:12.303
| 1:12.414
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.088
| 1:12.659
| 1:12.701
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:12.896
| 1:12.485
| 1:12.796
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.107
| 1:12.691
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.038
| 1:12.728
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.063
| 1:12.736
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:13.217
| 1:12.916
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:13.289
| 1:12.940
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:13.326
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:13.366
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|Kuipe
|-
!18
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:13.435
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18 '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
|-
!19
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:13.978
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|17
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:14.292
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|Kuipe
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 1:17.425
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[George Russell]] en [[Max Verstappen]] stel dieselfde tyd tydens die derde kwalifiserende sessie op. Russell neem egter die voorste wegspringplek in omdat hy sy tyd eerste opgestel het.<br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Esteban Ocon]] het 'n roosterstraf van vyf plekke ontvang vir die botsing met sy spanmaat [[Pierre Gasly]] in [[2024 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]].
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
[[Max Verstappen]] wen vir die sestigste keer in sy loopbaan 'n Grand Prix.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|70
| 1:45:47.927
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|70
| +3.879
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|70
| +4.317
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|70
| +4.915
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''13''' {{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|70
| +10.199
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|14
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|70
| +17.510
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|18
| '''{{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|70
| +23.625
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|3
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]] '''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|70
| +28.672
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|10
| '''{{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|70
| +30.021
| align=center|15
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|31
| '''{{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|70
| +30.313
| align=center|18
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|70
| +30.824
| align=center|17
|
|-
!12
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|70
| +31.253
| align=center|14
|
|-
!13
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|70
| +40.487
| align=center data-sort-value=19|Kuipe
|
|-
!14
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|70
| +52.694
| align=center|8
|
|-
!15
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|69
| +1 rondte
| align=center data-sort-value=20|Kuipe
|
|-
!data-sort-value=16|DNF
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|52
| Botsing
| align=center|10
|
|-
!data-sort-value=17|DNF
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|52
| Botsing
| align=center|12
|
|-
!data-sort-value=18|DNF
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|51
| Ongeluk
| align=center|16
|
|-
!data-sort-value=19|DNF
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|40
| Spanbesluit
| align=center|11
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|23
| Ongeluk
| align=center|13
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1237/canada/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 AWS Grand Prix du Canada 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-06-09 |accessdate=2024-06-09}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Lewis Hamilton]] teken vir die sewe-en-sestigste keer in sy loopbaan 'n snelste rondte aan en verdien daarmee 'n ekstra punt.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|194
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|138
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|131
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|108
|-
!5
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|107
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|81
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|69
|-
!8
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|55
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|41
|-
!10
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|19
|-
!11
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|17
|-
!12
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|9
|-
!13
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!14
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|3
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|2
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|2
|-
!18
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|1
|-
!19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|301
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|252
|-
!3
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|212
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|124
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|58
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|28
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|5
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|2
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Kanadese Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Kanada]]
dq778g89lg29bmujpqbblsvhuxecx0e
2024 Spaanse Grand Prix
0
414920
2928793
2897082
2026-08-22T09:08:12Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928793
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{ES-VLAG}} Formula 1 AWS<br>Gran Premio de España 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Circuit Catalunya 2007.png|200px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>23 Junie 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]</small>
| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:11.383</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste ronde</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]</small>
| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:17.377 (rondte 49 van 66)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]] </small> || <small> [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]] </small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]</small>|| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]</small> || <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Spaanse Grand Prix]]''' (amptelik Formula 1 AWS Gran Premio de España 2024) is op 23 Junie op die [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya]] in Montmeló, [[Spanje]] gehou. Dit was die tiende wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
Met [[Lewis Hamilton]] (ses keer), [[Max Verstappen]] (drie keer) en [[Fernando Alonso]] (twee keer), het drie voormalige wenners aan hierdie Grand Prix deelgeneem.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Barcelona-Catalunya
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Hard C1
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Medium C2
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Sag C3
|align=center|[[Lêer:Neumático F1 Pirelli Verde.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:14.228
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:14.252
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:14.572
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes GP|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:14.614
|-
!5
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:14.692
|- style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes GP|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.264
|-
!2
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.286
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.319
|-
!4
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:13.443
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:13.504
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.013
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.043
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.050
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:13.087
|-
!5
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes GP|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.164
|}
'''Toetsbestuurder in vrye oefening 1:'''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2024%20Spanish%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List%20(Corrected).pdf |title=2024 Spanish Grand Prix – Entry List (Corrected)|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] |datum=2024-06-21}}</ref><br/> {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]] ([[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]) ry in plek van [[Nico Hülkenberg]]. Hy teken 'n tyd van 1:15.865 aan en eindig in die negentiende plek.
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:12.386
| 1:11.872
| '''1:11.383'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:12.306
| '''1:11.653'''
| 1:11.403
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes GP|Mercedes]]
| '''1:12.143'''
| 1:11.792
| 1:11.701
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes GP|Mercedes]]
| 1:12.456
| 1:11.812
| 1:11.703
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:12.257
| 1:12.038
| 1:11.731
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:12.403
| 1:11.874
| 1:11.736
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:12.651
| 1:12.079
| 1:11.857
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:12.477
| 1:12.054
| 1:12.061
| align=center|11 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
!9
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:12.691
| 1:12.109
| 1:12.125
| align=center|8
|-
!10
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:12.460
| 1:12.011
| ''Geen tyd''
| align=center|9
|-
!11
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:12.505
| 1:12.128
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|10
|-
!12
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:12.758
| 1:12.227
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:12.708
| 1:12.310
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:12.881
| 1:12.372
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:12.880
| 1:12.738
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:12.937
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:12.985
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:13.075
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.153
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|Kuipe '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
|-
!20
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.509
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|19 '''*<sup>3</sup>'''
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 1:17.193
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1238/spain/qualifying.html |title=Formula 1 Aramco Gran Premio de España 2024 – Qualifying |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-06-22 |access-date=2024-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1238/spain/starting-grid.html |title=Formula 1 Aramco Gran Premio de España 2024 – Starting Grid|publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-06-22 |access-date=2024-06-22}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Sergio Pérez]] het 'n roosterstraf van drie plekke gekry omdat hy voortgegaan het met 'n gebreekte agtervleuel tydens die Kanadese Grand Prix.<br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Alexander Albon]] moes uit die kuipe wegspring omdat daar onder Parc fermé-omstandighede aan sy motor gewerk is.<br/>
'''*<sup>3</sup>''' [[Logan Sargeant]] het 'n roosterstraf van drie plekke ontvang omdat hy [[Lance Stroll]] tydens die eerste kwalifiserende sessie belemmer het. Die straf het geen gevolge gehad nie, want Sargeant het in die laaste plek gekwalifiseer, trouens hy het een plek vorentoe op die rooster geskuif omdat Alexander Albon uit die kuipe moes begin.
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
[[Max Verstappen]] behaal sy sestigste Grand Prix-oorwinning van sy loopbaan.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|66
| 1:28:20.227
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|66
| +2.219
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''19''' {{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!3
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes GP|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|66
| +17.790
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| ''' [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|66
| +22.320
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|66
| +22.709
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|66
| +31.028
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|66
| +33.760
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|66
| +59.524
| align=center|11
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|10
| '''{{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|66
| +1:02.025
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|31
| '''{{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|66
| +1:11.889
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|66
| +1:19.215
| align=center|13
|
|-
!12
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|65
| +1 rondte
| align=center|10
|
|-
!13
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|65
| +1 rondte
| align=center|15
|
|-
!14
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|65
| +1 rondte
| align=center|14
|
|-
!15
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|65
| +1 rondte
| align=center|18
|
|-
!16
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|65
| +1 rondte
| align=center|12
|
|-
!17
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|65
| +1 rondte
| align=center|16
|
|-
!18
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|65
| +1 rondte
| align=center|Kuipe
|
|-
!19
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|65
| +1 rondte
| align=center|17
|
|-
!20
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|64
| +2 rondtes
| align=center|19
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1238/spain/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Aramco Gran Premio de España 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-06-23 |access-date=2024-06-23}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Lando Norris]] teken vir die sewende keer in sy loopbaan 'n vinnigste rondte aan en verdien daarmee 'n ekstra punt.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|219
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|150
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|148
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|116
|-
!5
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|111
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|87
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|81
|-
!8
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|70
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|41
|-
!10
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|19
|-
!11
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|17
|-
!12
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|9
|-
!13
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!14
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|5
|-
!16
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|3
|-
!17
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|2
|-
!18
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|1
|-
!19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|330
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|270
|-
!3
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|237
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|151
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|58
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|28
|-
!7
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|8
|-
!8
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|7
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|2
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Spaanse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Spanje]]
n7xht7eg5lhsb7p1hvo50kaofx2sgw6
2024 Oostenrykse Grand Prix
0
414921
2928794
2897083
2026-08-22T09:08:41Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928794
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{AT-VLAG}} Formula 1 Qatar Airways<br/>Grosser Preis Von Österreich 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Circuit A1 Ring.svg|200x200px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>30 Junie 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Red Bull Ring]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>
| <small>[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:04.314</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste rondte</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]</small>
| <small>[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:07.694 (rondte 70 van 71)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]</small>|| <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small>{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]</small>|| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small>{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]</small>||<small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Oostenrykse Grand Prix]]''' is op 30 Junie 2024 op die [[Red Bull Ring]] in Spielberg, [[Oostenryk]] gehou. Dit was die elfde wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
Die Oostenrykse Grand Prix is die derde van ses GP-naweke vanjaar waarin 'n naelren gehou sal word. ’n “Sprint” is amper dieselfde as ’n gewone wedren, met die verskil dat die wedren minder tyd neem. Die afstand van die naelren is ongeveer 100 kilometer (30 minute).
Die Grand Prix-naweek het op Vrydag begin met die vrye oefening van sestig minute, gevolg deur die naelrenkwalifisering. Op Saterdag is die naelren gehou, gevolg deur die kwalifisering wat die wegspringrooster vir die hoofren op Sondag (insluitend moontlike roosterstrawwe) bepaal en ook watter jaer die eer verdien het om heel voor weg te spring.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande in Oostenryk verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Spielberg
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Hard C1
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Medium C2
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Sag C3
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:05.685
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:05.961
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:06.055
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:06.128
|-
!5
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:06.254
|}
== Snelkwalifisering ==
Die uitslag bepaal die roosteropstelling vir die naelren op Saterdag.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
!scope=col|SK1
!scope=col|SK2
!scope=col|SK3
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| '''1:05.690'''
| '''1:05.186'''
| '''1:04.686'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:05.786
| 1:05.561
| 1:04.779
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:06.081
| 1:05.379
| 1:04.987
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:05.764
| 1:05.325
| 1:05.054
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:05.781
| 1:05.435
| 1:05.126
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:06.504
| 1:05.539
| 1:05.270
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:06.256
| 1:05.612
| 1:06.008
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:06.343
| 1:05.686
| 1:06.101
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:06.465
| 1:05.757
| 1:06.624
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:06.149
| 1:05.526
|data-sort-value=10|''Geen tyd''
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:06.387
| 1:05.806
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:06.037
| 1:05.847
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:06.487
| 1:05.878
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:06.557
| 1:05.960
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:06.518
|data-sort-value=15|''Geen tyd''
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:06.581
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:06.583
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:06.725
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:06.754
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|Kuipe '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:07.197
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|19
|-
!colspan="8"|SK1 107% tyd: 1:10.288
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1239/austria/sprint-qualifying.html |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways Austrian Grand Prix 2024 – Sprint Qualifying |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-06-28 |access-date=2024-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1239/austria/sprint-grid.html |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways Austrian Grand Prix 2024 – Sprint Grid|publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-06-28 |access-date=2024-06-29}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Alexander Albon]] moes uit die kuipe wegspring omdat daar onder Parc fermé-omstandighede aan sy motor gewerk is.
== Naelren ==
[[Max Verstappen]] het vir die tiende keer in sy loopbaan 'n naelren gewen.
Die naelren sou oorspronklik 24 rondtes lank wees. Maar omdat die fotograwe volgens die [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] nie op 'n veilige plek in die eerste draai was nie, het 'n ekstra formasie-rondte gevolg en die naelren was toe 23 rondtes lank.
=== Naelrenuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|23
| 26:41.389
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|23
| +4.616
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''7'''
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|23
| +5.348
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''6''' {{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|23
| +8.354
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''5'''
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|23
| +9.989
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|23
| +11.207
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''3'''
|-
!7
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|23
| +13.424
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|23
| +17.409
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!9
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|23
| +24.067
| align=center|11
|
|-
!10
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|23
| +30.175
| align=center|12
|
|-
!11
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|23
| +30.839
| align=center|8
|
|-
!12
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|23
| +31.308
| align=center|9
|
|-
!13
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|23
| +35.452
| align=center|14
|
|-
!14
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|23
| +39.397
| align=center|16
|
|-
!15
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|23
| +43.155
| align=center|13
|
|-
!16
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|23
| +44.076
| align=center|15
|
|-
!17
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|23
| +44.673
| align=center data-sort-value="20" |Kuipe
|
|-
!18
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|23
| +46.511
| align=center|18
|
|-
!19
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|23
| +48.423 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| align=center|17
|
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|23
| +53.143
| align=center|19
|
|-
!colspan=9|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1239/austria/sprint-results.html |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways Austrian Grand Prix 2024 – Sprint |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-06-29}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Lando Norris]] teken in rondte 2 die vinnigste rondte van 1:08.935 aan, maar in die "sprint" lewer dit geen ekstra punt op nie.<br/>
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Nico Hülkenberg]] eindig die snelren in die veertiende plek, maar kry 'n tydstraf van tien sekondes omrede hy [[Fernando Alonso]] van die baan afgedwing het.
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:05.336
| '''1:04.469'''
| '''1:04.314'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:05.450
| 1:05.103
| 1:04.718
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:05.585
|data-sort-value="1:05.017"| 1:05.016 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| 1:04.840
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| '''1:05.263'''
|data-sort-value="1:05.016"| 1:05.016 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| 1:04.851
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:05.541
| 1:05.053
| 1:04.903
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:05.509
| 1:05.104
| 1:05.044
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:05.311
| 1:05.070
| 1:05.048
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:05.587
| 1:05.144
| 1:05.202
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:05.596
| 1:05.262
| 1:05.385
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:05.574
| 1:05.274
| 1:05.883
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:05.569
| 1:05.289
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:05.508
| 1:05.347
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:05.598
| 1:05.359
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:05.563
| 1:05.412
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:05.656
| 1:05.639
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:05.736
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:05.819
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:05.847
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:05.856
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:06.061
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|Kuipe '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
|-
!colspan="8"|K1 107% tijd: 1:09.831
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1239/austria/qualifying.html |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways Austrian Grand Prix 2024 – Qualifying |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1239/austria/starting-grid.html |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways Austrian Grand Prix 2024 – Starting Grid|publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-06-29}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] en [[George Russell]] stel dieselfde tyd tydens die tweede kwalifiserende sessie op. Sainz is tweede geklassifiseer omdat hy sy tyd eerste opgestel het.<br>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Zhou Guanyu]] moes uit die kuipe wegspring omdat daar onder Parc fermé-omstandighede aan sy motor gewerk is.
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|71
| 1:24:22.798
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|71
| +1.906
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|71
| +4.533
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|71
| +23.142
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|71
| +37.253 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|27
| '''{{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|71
| +54.088
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|71
| +54.672
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|20
| '''{{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|71
| +1:00.355
| align=center|12
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|3
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]'''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|71
| +1:01.169
| align=center|11
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| '''{{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|71
| +1:01.766
| align=center|13
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|71
| +1:07.056
| align=center|6
|
|-
!12
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|71
| +1:08.325
| align=center|10
|
|-
!13
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|70
| +1 ronde
| align=center|17
|
|-
!14
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|70
| +1 ronde
| align=center|14
|
|-
!15
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|70
| +1 ronde '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
| align=center|16
|
|-
!16
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|71
| +1 ronde
| align=center|18
|
|-
!17
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|71
| +1 ronde
| align=center|Kuipe
|
|-
!18
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|70
| +1 ronde
| align=center|15
| align=center|{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!19
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|69
| +2 rondes
| align=center|19
|
|-
!20<sup>†</sup>
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|64
| +7 rondtes, botsingskade '''*<sup>3</sup>'''
| align=center|2
|
|-
!colspan=8|Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1239/austria/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways Austrian Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-06-30 |accessdate=2024-06-30}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Fernando Alonso]] het vir die ses-en-twintigste keer in sy loopbaan die vinnigste rondte gery, maar het nie 'n ekstra punt verdien nie, omdat hy nie onder die top tien geëindig het nie.<br/>
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Max Verstappen]] is 'n straf van tien sekondes opgelê omdat hy 'n botsing met [[Lando Norris]] veroorsaak het. Die straf het geen gevolge vir die posisie in die finale uitslae gehad nie.<br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Alexander Albon]] het 'n straf van vyf sekondes ontvang vir die sny van die wit lyn by die ingang na die kuipe<br/>
'''*<sup>3</sup>''' [[Lando Norris]] het 'n straf van vyf sekondes ontvang omdat hy die baanperke verskeie kere oorskry het.<br/>
'''<sup>†</sup>''' Onttrek maar geklassifiseer omdat meer as 90% van die wedrenafstand voltooi is.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|237
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|156
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|150
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|135
|-
!5
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|118
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|112
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|111
|-
!8
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|85
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|41
|-
!10
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|19
|-
!11
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|17
|-
!12
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|14
|-
!13
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|11
|-
!14
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|6
|-
!16
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|5
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|3
|-
!18
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|2
|-
!19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|355
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|291
|-
!3
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|268
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|196
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|58
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|30
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
|-
!8
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|9
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|2
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Oostenrykse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Oostenryk]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in Oostenryk]]
e6ux674ftegafuzix2tvkpnpisefu0r
2024 Britse Grand Prix
0
414922
2928796
2897084
2026-08-22T09:17:44Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928796
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{GB-VLAG}} Formula 1 Qatar Airways<br>British Grand Prix 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Circuit Silverstone 2011.svg|260px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>7 Julie 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Silverstone-renbaan|Silverstone]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]</small>
| <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:25.819</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste ronde</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]</small>
| <small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:28.293 op rondte 52</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]</small>
| <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>'''
| <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>
| <small>[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]</small>
|<small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Britse Grand Prix]]''' is op 7 Julie 2024 op die [[Silverstone-renbaan]] in Silverstone, [[Brittanje]] gehou. Dit was die twaalfde wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
Die wedren is deur [[Lewis Hamilton]] van Mercedes gewen, gevolg deur [[Max Verstappen]] van Red Bull Racing in die tweede plek en Lando Norris van McLaren derde. Dit was Hamilton se eerste oorwinning sedert die 2021 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix 985 dae tevore. Verder, was dit sy negende algehele oorwinning by die [[Britse Grand Prix]], wat die rekord vir die meeste oorwinnings op 'n enkele baan en vir die meeste oorwinnings by 'n bestuurder se tuis-Grand Prix verbeter het.<ref name="Grdn202407">{{cite news |last1=Richards |first1=Giles |title=Lewis Hamilton thrills home crowd by winning British F1 GP for ninth time |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/article/2024/jul/07/lewis-hamilton-wins-british-f1-gp-ninth-time-mercedes |access-date=7 July 2024 |publisher=The Guardian |date=7 July 2024}}</ref>
==Bande==
Bandverskaffer [[Pirelli]] het spanne voorsien van die sagte, medium en harde samestellings van die P-Zero band - die drie hardste samestellings beskikbaar - vir die wedren, asook twee soorte reënbande.
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Silverstone
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Hard C1
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Medium C2
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Sag C3
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/decision-document/2024%20British%20Grand%20Prix%20-%20Entry%20List.pdf |title=2024 British Grand Prix – Entry List |publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] |date=2024-07-05}}</ref> ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:27.420
|-
!2
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:27.554
|-
!3
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:27.631
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:27.729
|-
!5
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:27.738
|- style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:26.549
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:26.880
|-
!3
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:26.983
|-
!4
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:26.990
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:27.150
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:37.529
|-
!2
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:37.564
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:37.714
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:38.139
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:38.393
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:30.106
| 1:26.723
| '''1:25.819'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| '''1:29.547'''
| 1:26.770
| 1:25.990
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:31.596
| '''1:26.559'''
| 1:26.030
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:31.342
| 1:26.796
| 1:26.203
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.895
| 1:26.733
| 1:26.237
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:31.929
| 1:26.847
| 1:26.338
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.557
| 1:26.843
| 1:26.509
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:31.410
| 1:26.938
| 1:26.585
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:31.135
| 1:26.933
| 1:26.640
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:31.264
| 1:26.730
| 1:26.917
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.496
| 1:27.097
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:31.608
| 1:27.175
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:30.994
| 1:27.269
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:31.190
| 1:27.867
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:31.291
| 1:27.949
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:32.431
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:32.905
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:34.557
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:38.348
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|Kuipe '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
!20
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:39.804
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|20 '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 1:35.815 '''*<sup>3</sup>'''
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1240/great-britain/qualifying.html |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways British Grand Prix 2024 – Qualifying |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-07-06}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1240/great-britain/starting-grid.html |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways British Grand Prix 2024 – Starting Grid|publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-07-06}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Sergio Pérez]] het 19de gekwalifiseer, maar is verplig om die wedren vanaf die kuipelaan te begin, weens die vervanging van krageenheidelemente sonder die goedkeuring van die tegniese afgevaardigde tydens parc fermé.<br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Pierre Gasly]] moes heel agter wegspring weens die oorskryding van sy kwota enjinonderdele. Hy eindig ook laaste in die kwalifisering.<br/>
'''*<sup>3</sup>''' Omrede die eerste kwalifiseersessie op 'n nat baan beslis is, geld die 107%-reël nie.
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|52
| 1:22:27.059
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|52
| +1.465
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|52
| +7.547
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|52
| +12.429
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|52
| +47.318
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''11''' {{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!6
| align=center|27
| '''{{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|52
| +55.722
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|18
| '''{{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|52
| +56.569
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|14
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|52
| +1:03.577
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|23
| '''{{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]'''
| '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|52
| +1:08.387
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|22
| '''{{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]'''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|52
| +1:19.303
| align=center|13
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|52
| +1:28.960
| align=center|12
|
|-
!12
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|52
| +1:30.153
| align=center|17
|
|-
!13
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|51
| +1 ronde
| align=center|15
|
|-
!14
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|51
| +1 ronde
| align=center|11
|
|-
!15
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|51
| +1 ronde
| align=center|16
|
|-
!16
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|50
| +2 rondes
| align=center|18
|
|-
!17
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|50
| +2 rondes
| align=center|Kuipe
|
|-
!18
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|50
| +2 rondes
| align=center|14
|
|-
!data-sort-value=19|DNF
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|33
| Waterpomp
| align=center|1
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNS
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
| Ratkas
| align=center|– '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1240/great-britain/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways British Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-07-07 |access-date=2024-07-07}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] het die vinnigste rondte aangeteken, en daarmee 'n ekstra punt verdien.<br/>
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Pierre Gasly]] het nie die wedren begin nie, en het ná die opwarmrondte weens 'n ratkasprobleem onttrek. Sy plek op die rooster het leeg gebly.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|255
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|171
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|150
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|146
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|124
|-
!6
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|118
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|111
|-
!8
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|110
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|45
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|23
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|22
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|20
|-
!13
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|11
|-
!14
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|6
|-
!16
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|5
|-
!17
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|4
|-
!18
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|3
|-
!19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|373
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|302
|-
!3
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|295
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|221
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|68
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|31
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|27
|-
!8
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|9
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|4
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Brittanje]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in die Verenigde Koninkryk]]
[[Kategorie:Britse Grand Prix]]
72v7s6g1i4ooefpb6ffzbui1hxzl3sc
2024 Hongaarse Grand Prix
0
415878
2928797
2897085
2026-08-22T09:18:15Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928797
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{HU-VLAG}} Formula 1 Magyar Nagydíj 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Beeld:Circuit Hungaroring.png|200px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>21 Julie 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Hungaroring]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]</small>
| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:15.227</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste ronde</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]</small>
| <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:20.305</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>'''
| <small>{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]</small>
| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]</small>
| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]</small>
| <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Hongaarse Grand Prix]]''' ([[Hongaars]]: ''Formula 1 Magyar Nagydij 2024'') is op 21 Julie 2024 op die [[Hungaroring]] in [[Boedapest]], [[Hongarye]] gehou.
Dit was die dertiende rondte van die kampioenskap in 2024. Die wedren is deur [[Oscar Piastri]] in 'n [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] gewen, sy eerste F1-oorwinning ooit.
== Bande beskikbaar gestel ==
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:centre;"
|+ [[Pirelli]]bande vir gebruik in Hongarye
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Hard C3
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Medium C4
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Sag C5
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:18.713
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:18.989
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:19.011
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:19.137
|-
!5
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:19.180
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.788
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:18.031
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:18.185
|-
!4
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:18.255
|-
!5
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:18.294
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:16.098
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:16.142
|-
!3
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:16.379
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:16.564
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:16.639
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.755
| '''1:15.540'''
| '''1:15.227'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.504
| 1:15.785
| 1:15.249
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
|data-sort-value="1:17.088"| 1:17.087 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| 1:15.770
| 1:15.273
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:17.244
| 1:15.885
| 1:15.696
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
|data-sort-value="1:17.087"| 1:17.087 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| 1:16.307
| 1:15.854
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:17.437
| 1:15.891
| 1:15.905
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.624
| 1:16.117
| 1:16.043
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.405
| 1:16.075
| 1:16.244
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| '''1:17.050'''
| 1:16.202
| 1:16.447
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:17.436
| 1:16.121
| 1:16.477
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:17.362
| 1:16.317
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:17.487
| 1:16.384
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.280
| 1:16.429
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.770
| 1:16.543
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:17.851
| 1:16.548
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:17.886
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:17.968
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:18.037
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:18.049
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:18.166
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|Kuipe '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 1:22.443
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1241/hungary/qualifying.html |title=Formula 1 Hungarian Grand Prix 2024 – Qualifying |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-07-20}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1241/hungary/starting-grid.html |title=Formula 1 Hungarian Grand Prix 2024 – Starting Grid|publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-07-20}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Lewis Hamilton]] en [[Max Verstappen]] teken beide dieselfde tyd aan tydens die eerste kwalifiseersessie. Hamilton word egter as tweede geklassifiseer omdat hy sy tyd eerste geklok het.<br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Pierre Gasly]] moes vanuit die kuipe wegspring, omdat daar aan sy motor gewerk is onder ''Parc fermé'' toestande.
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
! 1
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|70
| 1:38:01.989
| align=center| 2
| align=center| '''25'''
|-
! 2
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|70
| +2.141
| align=center| 1
| align=center| '''18'''
|-
! 3
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|70
| +14.880
| align=center| 5
| align=center| '''15'''
|-
! 4
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|70
| +14.880
| align=center| 6
| align=center| '''12'''
|-
! 5
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|70
| +21.349
| align=center| 3
| align=center| '''10'''
|-
! 6
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|70
| +23.073
| align=center| 4
| align=center| '''8'''
|-
! 7
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|70
| +39.792
| align=center| 16
| align=center| '''6'''
|-
! 8
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|70
| +42.368
| align=center| 17
| align=center| '''5''' {{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
! 9
| align=center|22
| '''{{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]'''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|70
| +1:17.259
| align=center| 10
| align=center| '''2'''
|-
! 10
| align=center|18
| '''{{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|70
| +1:17.976
| align=center| 8
| align=center| '''1'''
|-
! 11
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|70
| +1:22.460
| align=center|7
|
|-
! 12
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|69
| +1 rondte
| align=center|9
|
|-
! 13
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|69
| +1 rondte
| align=center|11
|
|-
! 14
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|69
| +1 rondte
| align=center|13
|
|-
! 15
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|69
| +1 rondte
| align=center|15
|
|-
! 16
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|69
| +1 rondte
| align=center|12
|
|-
! 17
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|69
| +1 rondte
| align=center|14
|
|-
! 18
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|69
| +1 rondte
| align=center|19
|
|-
! 19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|69
| +1 rondte
| align=center|18
|
|-
! 20
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|33
| Hidroliese fout
| align=center|Kuipe
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/2024/races/1241/hungary/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Hungarian Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-07-21 |access-date=2024-07-21 |archive-date=2024-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721213241/https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/2024/races/1241/hungary/race-result.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[George Russell]] het die vinnigste rondte aangeteken, en daarmee 'n ekstra punt verdien.<br/>
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|265
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|189
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|162
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|154
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|149
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|125
|-
!7
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|124
|-
!8
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|116
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|45
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|22
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|22
|-
!13
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|11
|-
!14
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|6
|-
!16
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|5
|-
!17
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|4
|-
!18
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|3
|-
!19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|389
|-
!2
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|338
|-
!3
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|322
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|241
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|69
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|33
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|27
|-
!8
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|9
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|4
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Hongaarse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Hongarye]]
73nx1wwf9wfq9w6q60htawfzprm8wq5
2024 Belgiese Grand Prix
0
415879
2928798
2897086
2026-08-22T09:18:36Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928798
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|BEL}} 2024 Formule 1 Rolex<br>Belgiese Grand Prix
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Circuit Spa 2007.png|220px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>28 Julie 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]</small>
| <small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:53.754</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste rondte</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]</small>
| <small>[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:44.701 (rondte 44 van 44)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podiumplekke</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]</small>
| <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>'''
| <small>{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]</small>
| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>'''
| <small>{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]</small>
| <small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|}
Die [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Belgiese Grand Prix]] is op 28 Julie 2024 op die [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]], in [[België]], gehou. Dit was die veertiende wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Spa-Francorchamps
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br />Hard C2
| {{spaces|3}}[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br />Medium C3
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br />Sag C4
| {{spaces|1}}[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br />Tussen-in
| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br />{{spaces|3}}Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:43.372
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:43.903
|-
!3
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:44.099
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:44.225
|-
!5
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:44.279
|- style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:42.260
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:42.475
|-
!3
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:42.477
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:42.837
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:43.098
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 2:01.565
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 2:02.998
|-
!3
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 2:03.175
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 2:03.372
|-
!5
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 2:05.250
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
[[Charles Leclerc]] behaal die vyf-en-twintigste keer in sy loopbaan die voorste wegspringplek, nadat [[Max Verstappen]] (met die beste tyd) 'n roosterstraf van 10 plekke opgelê is.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:54.938
| '''1:53.837'''
| '''1:53.159'''
| align=center|11 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:55.349
| 1:54.193
| 1:53.754
| align=center|1
|-
!3
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:55.139
| 1:54.470
| 1:53.765
| align=center|2
|-
!4
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:55.692
| 1:54.037
| 1:53.835
| align=center|3
|-
!5
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:55.582
| 1:54.358
| 1:53.981
| align=center|4
|-
!6
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| '''1:54.835'''
| 1:54.136
| 1:54.027
| align=center|5
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:55.353
| 1:54.095
| 1:54.184
| align=center|6
|-
!8
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:55.169
| 1:54.112
| 1:54.477
| align=center|7
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:55.489
| 1:54.258
| 1:54.765
| align=center|8
|-
!10
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:55.417
| 1:54.460
| 1:54.810
| align=center|9
|-
!11
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:55.722
| 1:54.473
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|10
|-
!12
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:54.911
| 1:54.635
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:55.451
| 1:54.682
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:55.531
| 1:54.764
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:56.072
| 1:55.716
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:56.308
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:56.500
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:56.593
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|20 '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
|-
!19
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:57.230
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|18
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:57.775 '''*<sup>3</sup>'''
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|19
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 2:02.873
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1242/belgium/qualifying.html |title=Formula 1 Rolex Belgian Grand Prix 2024 – Qualifying |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1242/belgium/starting-grid.html |title=Formula 1 Rolex Belgian Grand Prix 2024 – Starting Grid|publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-07-27}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Max Verstappen]] (met die beste tyd) het 'n roosterstraf van 10 plekke gekry, omrede hy sy vyfde nuwe binnebrandenjin van die seisoen gebruik het.<ref name="VER-TSU">{{nl}}{{Cite web |url=https://grandprixradio.nl/grand-prix/max-verstappen/officieel-gridstraffen-voor-verstappen-en-tsunoda-op-spa |title=Officieel: Gridstraffen voor Verstappen en Tsunoda in Spa |website=grandprixradio.nl |date=2024-07-26}}</ref><br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Yuki Tsunoda]] kry 'n roosterstraf van 60 plekke, en val daarmee outomaties na die laaste wegspringplek, omrede hy sy enjin volledig met nuwe komponente vervang het.<ref name="VER-TSU"/><br/>
'''*<sup>3</sup>''' [[Zhou Guanyu]] kry 'n roosterstraf van drie plekke, omrede hy Max Verstappen in die eerste kwalifiseersessie gehinder het.<ref>{{nl}}{{Cite web |url=https://racingnews365.nl/zhou-hard-gestraft-voor-incident-met-verstappen |title=Zhou hard gestraft voor incident met Verstappen |website=Racingnews365.nl |date=2024-07-27}}</ref>
== Wedren ==
[[George Russell]] het die wenstreep eerste oorgesteek, en is toe ook op die podium as die wenner vereer, maar is 'n paar uur later gediskwalifiseer omdat sy motor 1,5 kg te lig bevind is na die wedren. Gevolglik het [[Lewis Hamilton]] die eenhonderd-en-vyfde Grand Prix-oorwinning van sy loopbaan behaal.
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|44
| 1:19:57.566
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} '''[[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|44
| +0.647
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} '''[[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|44
| +8.023
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} '''[[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|44
| +8.700
| align=center|11
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|44
| +9.324
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|44
| +19.269
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} '''[[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|44
| +42.669
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''7''' {{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!8
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} '''[[Fernando Alonso]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|44
| +49.437
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Esteban Ocon]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|44
| +52.026
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} '''[[Daniel Ricciardo]]'''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|44
| +54.400
| align=center|13
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|44
| +1:02.485
| align=center|15
|
|-
!12
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|44
| +1:03.125
| align=center|10
|
|-
!13
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|44
| +1:03.839
| align=center|12
|
|-
!14
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|44
| +1:06.105
| align=center|17
|
|-
!15
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|44
| +1:10.112
| align=center|14
|
|-
!16
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|44
| +1:16.211
| align=center|20
|
|-
!17
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|44
| +1:25.531
| align=center|18
|
|-
!18
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|44
| +1:28.307
| align=center|16
|
|-
!data-sort-value=19|DNF
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|5
| Hidroliese fout
| align=center|19
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DSQ
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|44
| 1:19:57.040 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| align=center|6
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1242/belgium/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Rolex Belgian Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-07-28 |access-date=2024-07-28}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Sergio Pérez]] het die vinnigste rondte aangeteken, en daarmee 'n ekstra punt verdien.<br>
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[George Russell]] gediskwalifiseer
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|277
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|199
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|177
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|167
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|162
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|150
|-
!7
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|131
|-
!8
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|116
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|49
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|22
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|22
|-
!13
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|12
|-
!14
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|6
|-
!16
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|5
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|5
|-
!18
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|4
|-
!19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|408
|-
!2
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|366
|-
!3
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|345
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|266
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|73
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|34
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|27
|-
!8
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|11
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|4
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Belgiese Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Belgie]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in België]]
e3bqe90vbn9ygs115kh9e0w5o0o6hrx
2024 Nederlandse Grand Prix
0
415880
2928799
2897087
2026-08-22T09:19:00Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928799
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|NED}} 2024 Formule 1 Heineken<br/>Nederlandse Grand Prix
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Zandvoort Circuit.png|280px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>25 Augustus 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Zandvoort-renbaan]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]</small>
| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:09.673</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste rondte</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{vlagikoon|GB}} [[Lando Norris]]</small>
| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:13.817 (rondte 72 van 72)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podiumplekke</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>'''
| <small>{{vlagikoon|GB}} [[Lando Norris]]</small>
| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>'''
| <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>
| <small>[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>'''
| <small>{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]</small>
| <small> [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|}
Die [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Nederlandse Grand Prix]] is op [[25 Augustus]] [[2024]] op die [[Zandvoort-renbaan]] in [[Nederland]] gehou. Dit was die vyftiende wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
[[Lêer:Formula one Circuit Park in the dunes of Zandvoort in the Netherlands (47856564401).jpg|duimnael|regs|300px|[[Zandvoort-renbaan|Zandvoort]] uit die lug gesien.]]
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Zandvoort
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br />Hard C1
| {{spaces|3}}[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br />Medium C2
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br />Sag C3
| {{spaces|1}}[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br />Tussen-in
| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br />{{spaces|3}}Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:12.322
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:12.523
|-
!3
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.006
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.074
|-
!5
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.142
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:10.702
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:10.763
|-
!3
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:10.813
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:10.961
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:10.986
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:20.311
|-
!2
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:20.450
|-
!3
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:21.155
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:21.387
|-
!5
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:21.481
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:11.377
| '''1:10.496'''
| '''1:09.673'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:11.393
| 1:10.811
| 1:10.029
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:11.541
| 1:10.505
| 1:10.172
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:11.049
| 1:10.552
| 1:10.244
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| '''1:11.006'''
| 1:10.678
| 1:10.416
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:11.370
| 1:10.689
| 1:10.582
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:11.493
| 1:10.845
| 1:10.633
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:11.518
| 1:10.661
| 1:10.857
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:11.718
| 1:10.815
| 1:10.977
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:11.327
| 1:10.914
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="10"|
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:11.375
| 1:10.948
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|14 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:11.603
| 1:10.955
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|11
|-
!13
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:11.832
| 1:11.215
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|12
|-
!14
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:11.630
| 1:11.295
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|Kuipe '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
|-
!15
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:11.943
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|13
|-
!16
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:11.995
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|15
|-
!17
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:12.168
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|16
|-
!18
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:13.261
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|17
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DSQ
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:11.503
| 1:10.768
| 1:10.653
| align=center|19 '''*<sup>3</sup>'''
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 1:15.976
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNQ
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|data-sort-value=20|{{nowrap|''Geen tyd'' '''*<sup>4</sup>'''}}
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|18
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1243/netherlands/qualifying |title=Formula 1 Heineken Dutch Grand Prix 2024 – Qualifying |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-08-24}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1243/netherlands/starting-grid.html |title=Formula 1 Heineken Dutch Grand Prix 2024 – Starting Grid|publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-08-24}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Lewis Hamilton]] ontvang 'n roosterstraf van drie plekke omrede hy [[Sergio Pérez]] in die eerste kwalifiseersessie opgehou het.<ref>{{nl}} {{Cite web |url=https://racingnews365.nl/stewards-vellen-oordeel-over-incident-tussen-hamilton-en-perez |title=Hamilton zwaar bestraft na incident met Pérez |website=Racingnews365.nl |date=2024-08-24}}</ref><br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Kevin Magnussen]] kwalifiseer veertiende maar moes vanuit die kuipelaan wegspring omdat daar aan sy motor gewerk is onder ''Parc fermé'' toestande.<br/>
'''*<sup>3</sup>''' [[Alexander Albon]] kwalifiseer in die agtste plek, maar word gediskwalifiseer omrede sy motor 'n onwettige vloeroppervlak het, buite die vasgestelde volume.<br/>
'''*<sup>4</sup>''' [[Logan Sargeant]] teken geen tyd aan nie, maar mag volgens die wedrenbeamptes wel aan die wedren deelneem.
== Wedren ==
[[Lando Norris]] behaal die tweede Grand Prix-oorwinning van sy loopbaan.
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|72
| 1:30:45.519
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''26''' {{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|72
| +22.896
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|72
| +25.439
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
! 4
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|72
| +27.337
| align=center|3
| align=center| '''12'''
|-
! 5
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|72
| +32.137
| align=center|10
| align=center| '''10'''
|-
! 6
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|72
| +39.542
| align=center|5
| align=center| '''8'''
|-
! 7
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|72
| +44.617
| align=center|4
| align=center| '''6'''
|-
! 8
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|72
| +49.599
| align=center|14
| align=center| '''4'''
|-
! 9
| align=center|10
| '''{{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|71
| +1 rondte
| align=center|9
| align=center| '''2'''
|-
! 10
| align=center|14
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|71
| +1 rondte
| align=center|7
| align=center| '''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|71
| +1 rondte
| align=center|12
|
|-
!12
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|71
| +1 rondte
| align=center|13
|
|-
!13
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|71
| +1 rondte
| align=center|8
|
|-
!14
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|71
| +1 rondte
| align=center|19
|
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|71
| +1 rondte
| align=center|15
|
|-
!16
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|71
| +1 rondte
| align=center|18
|
|-
!17
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|71
| +1 rondte
| align=center|11
|
|-
!18
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|71
| +1 rondte
| align=center data-sort-value="20" |Kuipe
|
|-
!19
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|70
| +2 rondtes
| align=center|16
|
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|70
| +2 rondtes
| align=center|17
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1243/netherlands/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Heineken Dutch Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-08-25 |accessdate=2024-08-25}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Lando Norris]] het die vinnigste rondte aangeteken, en daarmee 'n ekstra punt verdien.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|295
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|225
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|192
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|179
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|172
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|154
|-
!7
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|139
|-
!8
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|122
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|50
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|22
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|22
|-
!13
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|12
|-
!14
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|8
|-
!15
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!16
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|5
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|5
|-
!18
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|4
|-
!19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|434
|-
!2
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|404
|-
!3
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|370
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|276
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|74
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|34
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|27
|-
!8
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|13
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|4
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Nederlandse Grand Prix|Nederland]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Nederland]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in Nederland]]
7lu82xe468jiq66wdfa6jkokw2n5yx8
Brian Chesky
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2026-08-22T11:44:36Z
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Red 1 verwysing(s) en merk 0 as dood.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
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{{Inligtingskas Persoon
| naam = Brian Chesky
| bynaam =
| beeld = Brian Chesky Airbnb.jpg
| beeldbeskrywing =
| onderskrif = Brian Chesky in 2021
| geboortenaam = Brian Joseph Chesky
| geboortedatum = [[29 Augustus]] [[1981]]
| geboorteplek = Niskayuna, New York
| dood_datum =
| sterfteplek =
| ouers = Deborah en Robert H. Chesky
| titel =
| nasionaliteit = {{vlagland|Verenigde State}}
| beroep = Medestigteren hoof uitvoerende beampte van [[Airbnb]]
| ander =
| bekend =
| salaris =
| termyn =
| voorganger =
| opvolger =
| eerbewyse =
| party =
| huweliksmaat =
| kinders =
| webblad =
| handtekening =
}}
Brian Joseph Chesky (gebore [[29 Augustus]] [[1981]]) is 'n Amerikaanse sakeman en industriële ontwerper en die medestigter en uitvoerende hoof van [[Airbnb]]. Chesky is volgens Forbes die 190ste rykste persoon in die wêreld, met 'n netto waarde van $9,6 miljard,<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/brian-chesky/ | title=Brian Chesky | work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> hoofsaaklik as gevolg van sy eienaarskap van 67 miljoen aandele van Airbnb.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1559720/000119312524102960/d636281ddef14a.htm | title=Airbnb, Inc. 2023 Form 14-A Proxy Statement | publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission | date=19 April 2024}}</ref>
==Vroeë lewe en opvoeding==
Brian Chesky is gebore op 29 Augustus 1981,<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/10/06/brian-chesky-and-joe-gebbia.html | title=The CNBC Next List: Brian Chesky and Joe Gebbia | publisher=CNBC | date=6 Oktober 2014}}</ref> in Niskayuna, New York, die seun van Deborah en Robert H. Chesky;<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/timesunion-albany/name/harry-chesky-obituary?id=4943779&fhid=5076 | title =Harry Chesky Obituary | work=Times Union (Albany) | via=Legacy.com | date=4 Oktober 2008}}</ref> Sy pa is van Poolse en sy moeder van Italiaanse oorsprong.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SqT0CwAAQBAJ&q=Brian+Chesky+&pg=PT21 | title=The Upstarts: How Uber, Airbnb and the Killer Companies of the New Silicon Valley are Changing the World | last=Stone | first=Brad | date=2 Februarie 2017 | publisher=Transworld |isbn=9781473527027}}</ref> Chesky se ouers was albei maatskaplike werkers.<ref name=education>{{Cite news | url=https://fortune.com/longform/brian-chesky-airbnb/ | title=The education of Airbnb's Brian Chesky |last=Gallagher | first=Leigh | work=Fortune | date=26 Junie 2015 | url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Amy Schumer and Bibi Make Time 100 List | url=https://forward.com/schmooze/218726/ruth-bader-ginsburg-amy-schumer-and-bibi-make-time/ | last=Cohen | first=Anne | work=The Forward | date=16 April 2015}}</ref> Hy het 'n jonger suster, Allison.<ref name=education/> As kind was Chesky se eerste stokperdjie [[yshokkie]]. Hy het in sy tienerjare 'n belangstelling in [[kuns]] ontwikkel en [[Leonardo da Vinci]] as 'n vroeë inspirasie aangehaal.<ref name="Time art">{{cite news |last1=Alter |first1=Charlotte |date=16 November 2023 |title=Brian Chesky on How Art Helped Him Build Airbnb |url=https://time.com/collection/person-of-the-week-podcast/6336523/brian-chesky-interview-person-of-the-week/ |access-date=19 Maart 2024 |work=Time |archive-date= 3 Mei 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503215440/https://time.com/collection/person-of-the-week-podcast/6336523/brian-chesky-interview-person-of-the-week/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hy het replikas van skilderye geteken en speelgoed en skoene herontwerp. In 'n onderhoud met ''[[The New York Times]]'' het hy gesê hy het gekyk hoe vriende van sy ouers hul agterplaas herontwerp, wat gelei het tot 'n belangstelling in landskapargitektuur en later stedelike beplanning.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryant |first=Adam |date=11 Oktober 2014 |title=Brian Chesky of Airbnb, on Scratching the Itch to Create |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/12/business/brian-chesky-of-airbnb-on-scratching-the-itch-to-create.html |url-access=subscription |work=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
Chesky het in 2004 aan die Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) gegradueer met 'n Bachelor of Fine Arts-graad in industriële ontwerp. <ref name=fabulous>{{Cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/brian-chesky-airbnb-ceo-life-story-photos-2017-7 | title=The fabulous life of Airbnb's Brian Chesky, one of the youngest and richest tech founders in America | last=Hartmans | first=Avery | work=Business Insider | date=22 Julie 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release | url=https://www.risd.edu/news/for-press/press-releases/airbnb-co-founder-ceo-and-head-community-brian-chesky-deliver-keynote | title=Airbnb Co-Founder, CEO and Head of Community Brian Chesky to Deliver Keynote Address at Rhode Island School of Design's 2017 Commencement | publisher=Rhode Island School of Design | date=19 Mei 2017}}</ref> Terwyl hy by RISD studeer het, is Chesky beïnvloed deur die werke van Charles Eames, Ray Eames en Walt Disney.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stone |first=Brad | title=The Upstarts | date=2017 | publisher=Little, Brown and Company |isbn=978-0-316-38839-9 | pages=213, 326}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Airbnb’s Brian Chesky: ‘The trick is to be optimistic’ |work=Financial Times |date=1 Mei 2021 |last1=Lee |first1=Dave |access-date=18 Maart 2024 |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d42ae8b5-4723-4327-8dd9-13d4b699dbd9}}</ref> Hy was kaptein van die RISD-hokkiespan en was in sy vroeë 20's 'n mededingende liggaamsbouer.<ref name=education/><ref name=fabulous/>
==Beroep==
Nadat hy aan RISD gegradueer het, het Chesky na [[Los Angeles]] verhuis om as 'n industriële ontwerper te werk.<ref name="Friedman">{{cite news |last1=Friedman |first1=Thomas L. |date=20 Julie 2013 |title=Welcome to the ‘Sharing Economy’ |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/21/opinion/sunday/friedman-welcome-to-the-sharing-economy.html |access-date=20 Maart 2024 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> In Oktober 2007 het hy na [[San Francisco]] verhuis om saam met RISD-klasmaat Joe Gebbia te woon.<ref name="education" /> Chesky het nie genoeg geld gehad om sy huur te betaal nie, en het saam met Gebbia besluit om hul huis vir korttermynhuurders oop te stel. Sy verhuising na San Francisco het saamgeval met die Industrial Designers Society of America-konferensie, wat veroordaak het dat alle hotelkamers bespreek was. Die twee het besluit om die huis wat hulle gehuur het as 'n bed-en-ontbyt oop te maak, met lugmatrasse vir gaste om op te slaap en ''Pop-Tarts'' vir ontbyt. Die besigheid het Airbnb geword.<ref name="Friedman" /><ref name="education" />
Chesky het die leier en [[hoof uitvoerende beampte]] van Airbnb geword. Om befondsing te ontvang, het Chesky en sy medestigters spesiale uitgawe graan genaamd "Obama O's" en "Cap'n McCains" geskep, gebaseer op presidensiële kandidate Barack Obama en John McCain.<ref>{{cite news | title=The Business of Politics | url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121803424407616937 | last=Spors | first=Kelly | work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] | date=11 Augustus 2008 | url-access=subscription | archive-date=21 Februarie 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221010627/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121803424407616937 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last=Rusli | first=Evelyn | title=The New Start-Ups at Sun Valley | url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/07/07/the-new-sun-valley-start-ups/ | work=[[The New York Times]] | date=7 Julie 2011 | archive-date=28 Januarie 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132809/https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/07/07/the-new-sun-valley-start-ups/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=cash>{{cite news | title=Where to get startup cash now | url=https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2010/smallbusiness/1003/gallery.startup_cash_now/ | work=[[CNN]] | last=Peng | first=Tina | date=24 Maart 2010 | archive-date=1 Augustus 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801223329/https://money.cnn.com/galleries/2010/smallbusiness/1003/gallery.startup_cash_now/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=learn>{{cite news | last=Malik | first=Om | title=What Every Startup Can Learn From AirBnB | url=https://old.gigaom.com/2011/02/22/airbnb/ | work=[[GigaOm]] | date=22 Februarie 2011 | archive-date=28 September 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928091103/https://old.gigaom.com/2011/02/22/airbnb/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Rekenaarprogrammeerder Paul Graham, onder die indruk van die graankosse, het die stigters genooi na die Januarie 2009-winteropleidingsessie van sy begin-broeikas, [[Y Combinator (maatskappy)|Y Combinator]], wat hulle van opleiding en $20 000 in befondsing voorsien het in ruil vir 'n 6%-belang in die maatskappy.<ref>{{cite news | title=Brian Chesky: The homeless entrepreneur | url=http://mg.co.za/article/2013-03-12-brian-chesky-the-homeless-entrepreneur | last=Fairweather | first=Alistair | work=[[Mail & Guardian]] | date=12 Maart 2013}}</ref>
In Desember 2020 het Airbnb 'n publieke maatskappy geword deur 'n aanvanklike openbare aanbod.<ref name=Pioneers/>
Chesky het [[Twitter]] gebruik om persoonlik voorstelle vir verbeterings aan Airbnb in te win, en dit in 2016 en 2023 gedoen.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tabahriti |first1=Sam |date=6 Mei 2023 |title=Elon Musk says 'other companies' should take note of the way Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky interacts with people on Twitter |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-praises-airbnb-ceo-brian-chesky-twitter-tesla-2023-5 |access-date=26 Maart 26, 2024 |work=Business Insider}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Belanger |first1=Lydia |date=27 Desember 2016 |title=Airbnb CEO Asks Twitter What His Company Should Launch in 2017 |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/science-technology/airbnb-ceo-asks-twitter-what-his-company-should-launch-in/287071 |access-date=27 Maart 2024 |work=Entrepreneur}}</ref> Hy is 'n aktiewe Airbnb-gasheer en het sy huis in San Francisco in 2022 op die platform gelys.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Royle |first1=Orianna Rose |date=4 Julie 2023 |title=Airbnb boss Brian Chesky says it’s critical not to become an ‘ivory tower’ CEO—so he lists his own home |url=https://fortune.com/2023/07/04/airbnb-ceo-brian-chesky-own-home-platform-critical-not-to-become-ivory-tower-ceo/ |access-date=20 Maart 2024 |work=Fortune}}</ref> Hy het daardie jaar ses maande lank in Airbnbs gebly, wat gelei het tot die ontwikkeling van 50 veranderinge aan die platform en bykomende diensaanbiedinge.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Williams |first1=Trey |date=4 Mei 2023 |title=Airbnb’s CEO spent 6 months living in his company’s rentals—and found the core problem with his business |url=https://fortune.com/2023/05/04/airbnb-ceo-brian-chesky-lessons-rentals/ |access-date=20 Maart 2024 |work=Fortune}}</ref>
==Erkenning==
In 2015 is Chesky ingesluit op die [[Forbes]]-lys van Amerika se rykste [[entrepreneur]]s onder 40.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/luisakroll/2016/12/12/americas-richest-entrepreneurs-under-40-2016/ | title=40 Under 40 | first=Luisa | last=Kroll | magazine=[[Forbes]] | date=12 Desember 2016 | url-access=limited}}</ref> Chesky is erken op die [[Time (tydskrif)|Time]] 100 vir 2015.<ref name=Pioneers>{{cite magazine | url=http://time.com/3822568/brian-chesky-2015-time-100/ | title=Time 100 Pioneers: Brian Chesky | last=Ive | first=Jonathan | magazine=[[Time (tydskrif)|Time]] | date=16 April 2015 | access-date= 6 Julie 2024 | archive-date=20 Januarie 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120233724/http://time.com/3822568/brian-chesky-2015-time-100/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>
In Mei 2015 het president [[Barack Obama]] Chesky as 'n ambassadeur van globale entrepreneurskap aangewys.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2015/05/11/airbnb-kind-snacks-white-house-celebrates-entrepreneurs-around-world | title=The White House Celebrates Entrepreneurs Around the World | last=Brayton | first=Jenna | via=National Archives and Records Administration | work=whitehouse.gov | date=11 Mei 2015 }}</ref>
In 2016 is Chesky ook in die ''Youngest Forbes 400''-lys aangewys.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/gfgl45gekf/brian-chesky/ | title=Brian Chesky | last=Vinton |first=Kate | work=[[Forbes]] | date=4 Oktober 2016}}</ref>
Chesky is in 2017 deur ''Fortune'' aangewys as een van die "Wêreld se Grootste Leiers".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gallagher |first1=Leigh |date=24 Maart 2017 |title=Why Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky Is Among the World’s Greatest Leaders |url=https://fortune.com/2017/03/24/airbnb-brian-chesky-worlds-greatest-leaders/ |access-date=30 April 2024 |work=Fortune}}</ref> Hy het daardie jaar 'n eredoktorsgraad van RISD ontvang.<ref>{{cite news |date=June 3, 2017 |title=Co-founder tells RISD grads about the birth of Airbnb |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/co-founder-tells-risd-grads-about-the-birth-of-airbnb/ |access-date=1 Mei 2024 |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>
In 2018 is Chesky deur American City Business Journals as die Bay Area Executive of the Year aangewys.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2018/12/18/2018-bay-area-executive-of-the-year-airbnb-chesky.html | title=Brian Chesky grew Airbnb from three airbeds in a living room to the biggest force in hospitality. He's the 2018 Executive of the Year (Video) | work=American City Business Journals | date=18 Desember 2018 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>
In Junie 2022 is Chesky deur die Internasionale Gasvryheidsinstituut onder die 100 magtigste mense in globale gasvryheid uitgewys.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.pulse.ng/business/dr-jeffrey-obomeghie-and-dupe-olusola-among-the-100-most-powerful-people-in-global/3f8n19m | title=Dr Jeffrey Obomeghie and Dupe Olusola among the 100 most powerful people in global hospitality | website=Pulse Nigeria | date=1 Augustus 2022 | access-date= 6 Julie 2024 | archive-date= 1 Augustus 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801163626/https://www.pulse.ng/business/dr-jeffrey-obomeghie-and-dupe-olusola-among-the-100-most-powerful-people-in-global/3f8n19m | url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Persoonlike lewe==
In Desember 2022 het Chesky sy huis in San Francisco se Sendingdistrik op Airbnb gelys.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/business-news/how-to-book-airbnb-ceo-brian-cheskys-home-on-airbnb/439301 | title=Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky Is Renting Out His Home...On Airbnb: See The Photos | first=GABRIELLE | last=BIENASZ | work=Entrepreneur | date=16 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-23 |title=The low-key SF neighborhood where Airbnb and Instagram founders live |url=https://sfstandard.com/2022/12/23/the-low-key-sf-neighborhood-where-airbnb-and-instagram-founders-live/ |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=The San Francisco Standard |language=en}}</ref> Chesky geniet skets en [[bonsai]]s.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lagorio-Chafkin |first1=Christine |date=28 November 2022 |title=How Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky Nurtures His Creativity |url=https://www.inc.com/christine-lagorio/how-airbnb-ceo-brian-chesky-nutures-his-creativity.html |access-date=1 Mei 2024 |work=Inc.}}</ref>
==Filantropie==
Op 11 Junie 2016 het Chesky by [[Warren Buffett]] en [[Bill Gates]] se The Giving Pledge aangesluit, 'n groep miljardêrs wat hulle daartoe verbind het om die meerderheid van hul rykdom weg te gee.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://fortune.com/2016/06/01/airbnb-cofounders-join-buffett-and-gates-giving-pledge/ | title=Airbnb Cofounders Join Buffett and Gates' 'Giving Pledge' | work=Fortune | date=1 Junie 2016 | url-access=subscription}}</ref>
Chesky het $10 miljoen geskenk aan niewinsorganisasies wat frontliniewerkers ondersteun tydens die [[Koronaviruspandemie van 2019-2020|koronaviruspandemie]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cabanatuan |first=Michael |date=16 Desember 2020 |title=Airbnb co-founder donates $25 million to S.F., Bay Area homelessness programs |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Airbnb-co-founder-donates-25-million-to-S-F-15804272.php |access-date=12 Junie 2024 |website=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> In 2022 was Chesky die nr. 20 deur bydraes op die lys van die 50 mees produktiewe filantrope in die Verenigde State deur ''The Chronicle of Philanthropy''.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 Februarie 2023 |title=Philanthropy 50: List of America’s top 50 donors of 2022 |url=https://apnews.com/article/technology-cincinnati-utah-business-warren-buffett-36285b084d403be8120713d34b4c9f82 |access-date=1 Mei 2024 |work=Associated Press |agency=The Chronicle of Philanthropy}}</ref> In Mei 2022 het Chesky $100 miljoen aan die Obama-stigting geskenk om 'n beursprogram van stapel te stuur vir studente wat loopbane in staatsdiens volg. Die Voyager-beurs is daarop gemik om studente in hul junior en senior jaar van kollege te ondersteun met tot $50,000 in finansiële hulp, 'n $10,000-beurs en gratis Airbnb-behuising om 'n somer-werk-reiservaring na te streef; 'n reiskrediet van $2,000 elke jaar vir 10 jaar na die gradeplegtigheid; 'n jaarlikse beraad; en 'n netwerk van mentors.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/obama-foundation-brian-chesky-launch-100-million-scholarship-program | title=Obama Foundation, Brian Chesky launch $100 million scholarship program | work=Candid | date=17 Mei 2022}}</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|4}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chesky, Brian}}
[[Kategorie:Amerikaanse entrepreneurs]]
[[Kategorie:Hoof- uitvoerende beamptes]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1981]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
0hybryyadsqrjjfo0664jidon8nox45
Daniël Lötter
0
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{{Inligtingskas Persoon
|naam = Daniël Lötter
|beeld =
|beeldonderskrif =
|geboortedatum = 7 Julie 1973
|geboorteplek = [[Fraserburg]], [[Suid-Afrika]]
|sterfdatum =
|sterfplek =
|eggenoot =
|ouers =FJ Lötter (gebore Aberdeen, Oos-Kaap, 12 Oktober 1946)
Babs Lötter (geb Van der Merwe, Fraserburg, Noord-Kaap, 2 Maart 1948)
|handskrif =
|webwerf =
}}
'''Daniël Lötter''' is 'n [[Afrikaanse skrywer]] en akademikus. Hy is gebore op [[Fraserburg]] in die [[Noord-Kaap]], waar hy tot Standerd 5 ingeskryf is by die Hoërskool Fraserburg. Lötter se ouers is beide verbonde aan die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisie. Die gesin verhuis in 1986 na [[George]], waar hy [[matrikuleer]] aan [[Hoërskool Outeniqua]] in 1991. Na skool studeer hy in die teologie en raak dan betrokke in die uitsaaiwese. Hy werk as programopsteller, nuusredakteur en aktualiteitshoof by Suid-Kaap Stereo vanuit die ateljee op [[Oudtshoorn]] (1996 tot 1998). Daarna verhuis hy na die buiteland.
Van 2000 tot 2006 is hy verbonde aan 'n toerismefirma in [[Londen]] en studeer deeltyds verder. Hy is ook betrokke in die radio- en televisiebedryf in Londen en werk ook in [[Nederland]] en [[Denemarke]]. Hy behaal die grade BA Ed en BSc Kommunikasiekunde. Hy keer in 2006 terug na Suid-Afrika en is sedertdien verbonde aan ’n TVET-kollege in die [[Kaapse Wynlande]] as programbestuurder: vaardigheidsontwikkelingsprogramme. Hy fokus hoofsaaklik op die opleiding van opvoeders in die sektor van vroeë kinderontwikkeling.
Hy is sedert 1998 betrokke by Arbeidsgenot en die Langenhoven Gedenkfonds, gemoeid met die instandhouding en bevordering van die letterkundige nalatenskap van [[CJ Langenhoven]] en dien tans op die Direksie van die Langenhoven Gedenkfonds. Sedert 2022 is hy ook betrokke by die Breytenbach Sentrum op [[Wellington]], dien op die direksie en fokus op die letterkundige nalatenskap van [[Breyten Breytenbach]], die bevordering van die Afrikaanse woord- en digkuns en ook die uitvoerende kunste by die Bôrdienghuis Teater van die Breytenbach Sentrum
Hy debuteer in 2020 met 'n bundel sketse oor die [[Karoo]] en die Karoo se mense en legendes. Uit hierdie boek vloei twee bundels waarin hy die mees opspraakwekkende moordsake in die Suid-Afrikaanse regsgeskiedenis herbesoek. Drie bundels van verhale oor Suid-Afrikaanse spoke, legendes en rare karakters uit die geskiedenis volg en in 2024 publiseer hy 'n boek oor koninklikes van die wêreld en hulle bande met Suid-Afrika. Hy skryf 'n kortverhaal saam met [[Francois Bloemhof]] vir 'n versamelbundel, "Sewe keer sondig" en sy kortverhaal, "Wanneer kom die reën, Manie?" word opgeneem in die [[Woordfees]]bundel van 2025.
Lötter se liefde vir die geskiedenis kom uit sy familie-agtergrond met sy oupa aan vaderskant, die legendariese oom Rooijan Lötter van Farewell, [[Aberdeen]], wat ten tyde van sy sterfte in 1982 die langslewende Kaapse Rebel van die [[Anglo-Boereoorlog]] was. Stories oor die geskiedenis en die mense van die vroeë tyd was deel van sy grootword, veral van die kant van sy oupagrootjie, oom Danie Geldenhuys van [[Williston]], wat self die Anglo-Boereoorlog deurleef het en op 98 jarige leeeftyd oorlede is.
Lötter is betrokke by 'n aantal leeskringe en boekklubs in die [[Boland]]. Hy woon tans in die [[Paarl]].<ref>https://www.litnet.co.za/author/daniel-lotter/ Skrywer se profiel op Litnet. Besoek op 8 Augustus 2024</ref>
== Publikasies ==
* ''Die grootpad is 'n grondpad — 'n Koffiekuier by Karoomense''. [[Protea Boekhuis]]. 2020
* ''17 maal moord - 'n Grieselrige reis''. Protea Boekhuis. 2020
* ''Ware spookverhale van Suid-Afrika''. Protea Boekhuis. 2021. {{ISBN|9781485313007}}
* ''14 maal moord''. Protea Boekhuis. 2021
* ''Dwars – rare karakters onder ons''. Protea Boekhuis. 2022<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.litnet.co.za/dwars-rare-karakters-onder-ons-deur-daniel-lotter-n-resensie/ |title=Dwars – rare karakters onder ons deur Daniël Lötter: ’n resensie|last=Van der Spuy |first=Carla |date=10 Julie 2022 |website=[[Litnet]] |access-date=8 Augustus 2024}}</ref>
* ''Gedaantes en gedoentes – stories oor spoke, sieners en legendes''. Protea Boekhuis. 2022. {{ISBN| 9781485314233}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.litnet.co.za/gedaantes-en-gedoentes-stories-oor-spoke-sieners-en-legendes-deur-daniel-lotter-n-resensie/ |title=Gedaantes en gedoentes – stories oor spoke, sieners en legendes deur Daniël Lötter: ’n resensie |last=Koen |first=Dewald |date=27 Desember 2022 |website=Litnet |access-date=8 Augustus 2024}}</ref>
* ''Blou bloed. Koninklike spore in Suid-Afrika''. Protea Boekhuis. 2024. {{ISBN|9781485315421}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.litnet.co.za/blou-bloed-koninklike-spore-in-suid-afrika-deur-daniel-lotter/ |title=Blou bloed. Koninklike spore in Suid-Afrika deur Daniël Lötter: ’n resensie |last=Van der Spuy |first=Carla |date=9 Mei 2024 |website=Litnet |access-date=8 Augustus 2024}}</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lötter, Daniël}}
[[Kategorie:Afrikaanse skrywers]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1973]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
2m4bm1baf3vfymmi5p4n3eoiwhogr23
2024 Italiaanse Grand Prix
0
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2928800
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2026-08-22T09:19:33Z
Aliwal2012
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/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
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[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:95%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|ITA}} Formula 1 Pirelli<br>Gran Premio d'Italia 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Monza track map.svg|250px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''Datum'''
| 1 September 2024
|-
| '''Plek'''
|colspan=2| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza]]
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Voorste wegspringplek
|-
| '''Renjaer'''
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|-
| '''Tyd'''
|colspan=2| 1:19.327
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Vinnigste rondte
|-
| '''Renjaer'''
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|-
| '''Tyd'''
|colspan=2| 1:21.432 (rondte 53 van 53)
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Podium
|-
| '''1''' || {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]] || [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
|-
| '''2''' || {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]] || [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|-
| '''3''' || {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]] || [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|}
Die [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Italiaanse Grand Prix]] is op [[1 September]] [[2024]] op die [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza]], in [[Italië]], gehou. Dit was die sestiende wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
Op 27 Augustus word bekendgemaak dat [[Franco Colapinto]] vanaf die Grand Prix van Italië [[Logan Sargeant]] sal vervang as jaer vir die [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedesspan]].<ref>{{nl}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.nu.nl/formule-1/6326078/williams-vervangt-sargeant-vanaf-komend-weekend-door-colapinto.html |title=Williams vervangt Sargeant vanaf komend weekend door Colapinto |accessdate=2024-08-27 }}</ref>
== Bande deur Pirelli beskikbaar gestel ==
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ [[Pirelli]]bande vir gebruik te Monza
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Hard C3
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Medium C4
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Sag C5
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
|align=center| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:21.676
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:21.904
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:21.917
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:22.126
|-
!5
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:22.127
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
! 1
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:20.738
|-
! 2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:20.741
|-
! 3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:20.841
|-
! 4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:20.858
|-
! 5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:20.892
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:20.117
|-
!2
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:20.210
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:20.226
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:20.252
|-
!5
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:20.262
|}
{{IT-VLAG}} [[Andrea Kimi Antonelli]] ([[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]) het in die eerste vrye oefening in plaas van [[George Russell]] gery.<ref>{{nl}} {{Cite web |url=https://www.formule1.nl/nieuws/antonelli-maak-f1-debut-in-monza/ |title=Antonelli maak F1-debuut in Monza: "Iets waarop almal in Italië trots kan wees" |website=formula1.nl |date=2024-08-29 }}{{Dooie skakel|date=Januarie 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hy het 'n tyd van 1:23.955 opgestel en laaste gekom. Op sy sesde rondte op die baan het hy 'n rooi vlag veroorsaak deur by draai 11, die Parabolica, teen die bandversperring te bots.
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! K1
! K2
! K3
! Rooster
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| '''1:19.911'''
| 1:19.727
| '''1:19.327'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:20.076
| 1:19.808
| 1:19.436
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:20.169
| 1:19.877
| 1:19.440
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:20.074
| 1:20.007
| 1:19.461
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:20.149
| 1:19.799
| 1:19.467
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:20.477
| '''1:19.641'''
| 1:19.513
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:20.226
| 1:19.662
| 1:20.022
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:20.598
| 1:20.216
| 1:20.062
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:20.542
| 1:20.314
| 1:20.299
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:20.781
| 1:20.411
| 1:20.339
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:20.617
| 1:20.421
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:20.901
| 1:20.479
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:20.856
| 1:20.698
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:20.748
| 1:20.738
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:20.764
| 1:20.766
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:20.945
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:21.013
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:21.061
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:21.101
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:21.445
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|20
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 1:25.505
|}
== Wedren ==
[[Charles Leclerc]] behaal die sewende Grand Prix-oorwinning van sy loopbaan.
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|53
| 1:14:40.727
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|53
| +2.664
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|53
| +6.153
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''16'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|53
| +15.621
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes GP|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|53
| +22.820
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|53
| +37.932
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes GP|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|53
| +39.715
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|53
| +54.148
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|23
| '''{{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]'''
| '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|53
| +1:07.456
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|20
| '''{{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|53
| +1:08.302 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| align=center|13
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|53
| +1:08.495
| align=center|11
|
|-
!12
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|53
| +1:21.308
| align=center|18
|
|-
!13
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|53
| +1:33.452 '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
| align=center|12
|
|-
!14
| align=center|31
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|15
|
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|14
|
|-
!16
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|19
|
|-
!17
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|10
|
|-
!18
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|20
|
|-
!19
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|52
| +1 rondte
| align=center|17
|
|-
!DNF
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|7
| DNF
| align=center|16
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1244/italy/race-result |title=FORMULA 1 PIRELLI GRAN PREMIO D’ITALIA 2024 - RACE RESULT |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-09-01 |accessdate=2024-09-01}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Lando Norris]] het die vinnigste rondte aangeteken, en daarmee 'n ekstra punt verdien.<br/>
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Kevin Magnussen]] het 'n 10-sekonde-tydstraf gekry omdat hy 'n botsing veroorsaak het.<br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Daniel Ricciardo]] het 'n tydstraf van vyf sekondes gekry omdat hy 'n ander renjaer van die baan afgedwing het en 'n verdere 10 sekondes omdat hy nie die eerste straf korrek uitgedien het nie.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|303
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|241
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|217
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|197
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|184
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|164
|-
!7
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|143
|-
!8
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|128
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|50
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|22
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|22
|-
!13
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|12
|-
!14
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|8
|-
!15
| align=center|38
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!16
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!17
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|6
|-
!18
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|5
|-
!19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!20
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!22
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|446
|-
!2
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|438
|-
!3
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|407
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|292
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|74
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|34
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|28
|-
!8
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|13
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|6
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Italiaanse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Italië]]
dq8m5e5puijnxhhtkondat3pviiw6t2
2024 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix
0
418545
2928801
2897089
2026-08-22T09:20:05Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928801
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|AZE}} Formula 1 Qatar Airways<br>Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Baku Formula One circuit map.svg|200px|class=skin-invert-image]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''Datum'''
| 15 September 2024
|-
| '''Plek'''
|colspan=2| [[Bakoe-straatrenbaan]]
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Voorste wegspringplek
|-
| '''Renjaer'''
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
|-
| '''Tyd'''
|colspan=2| 1:41.365
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Vinnigste rondte
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|-
| '''Tyd'''
|colspan=2| 1:45.255 (rondte 45 van 51)
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Podium
|-
| '''1''' || {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]|| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|-
| '''2''' || {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]||[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
|-
| '''3''' || {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]||[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix]]''' is vir die sewende keer op [[15 September]] [[2024]] op die [[Bakoe-straatrenbaan]] in [[Bakoe]], die hoofstad van [[Azerbeidjan]] gehou. Dit was die sewentiende wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Bakoe
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br />Hard C3
| {{spaces|3}}[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br />Medium C4
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br />Sag C5
| {{spaces|1}}[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br />Tussen-in
| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br />{{spaces|3}}Reën
|}
{{clr}}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
! 1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:45.546
|-
! 2
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:45.859
|-
! 3
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:45.922
|-
! 4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:46.027
|-
! 5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:46.173
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:43.484
|-
!2
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:43.490
|-
!3
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:43.550
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:43.950
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:43.983
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
! 1
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:42.514
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:42.527
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:42.737
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:42.749
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:42.862
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
! 1
| align=center |16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| '''1:42.775'''
| 1:42.056
| '''1:41.365'''
| align=center |1
|-
! 2
| align=center |81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:43.033
| 1:42.598
| 1:41.686
| align=center |2
|-
! 3
| align=center |55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:43.357
| 1:42.503
| 1:41.805
| align=center |3
|-
! 4
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:43.213
| 1:42.263
| 1:41.813
| align=center |4
|-
! 5
| align=center |63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:43.139
| 1:42.329
| 1:41.874
| align=center |5
|-
! 6
| align=center |1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:43.097
| '''1:42.042'''
| 1:42.023
| align=center|6
|-
! 7
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:43.089
| 1:42.765
| 1:42.289
| align=center |Kuipe '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
! 8
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:43.472
| 1:42.426
| 1:42.369
| align=center |7
|-
! 9
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:43.138
| 1:42.473
| 1:42.530
| align=center |8
|-
! 10
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:42.899
| 1:42.840
| 1:42.859
| align=center |9
|-
! 11
| align=center |50
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:43.471
| 1:42.968
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| align=center |10
|-
! 12
| align=center |22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:43.337
| 1:43.035
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center |11
|-
! 13
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:43.101
| 1:43.191
| style="background-color:#ffcccc"|
| align=center |12
|-
! 14
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:43.370
| 1:43.404
| style="background-color:#ffcccc"|
| align=center |13
|-
! 15
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:43.547
| style="background-color:#ffcccc"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc"|
| align=center |14
|-
! 16
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:43.609
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|15
|-
! 17
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:43.618
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|16
|-
! 18
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:44.246
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|17 '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
|-
! 19
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:44.504
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|Kuipe '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DSQ
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:43.088
| data-sort-value="20"|1:43.179
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|18 '''*<sup>3</sup>'''
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 1:49.969
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1245/azerbaijan/qualifying |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways Azarbaijan Grand Prix 2024 – Qualifying |uitgewer=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-09-14 |accessdate=2024-09-14}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1245/azerbaijan/starting-grid |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways Azarbaijan Grand Prix 2024 – Starting Grid|uitgewer=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-09-14 |accessdate=2024-09-14}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Lewis Hamilton]] en [[Esteban Ocon]] moes beide uit die kuipelaan wegspring, nadat daar aan hul motors gewerk is tydens ''Parc fermé'' kondisies.<br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Zhou Guanyu]] moes heelagter wegspring weens die oorskryding van sy kwota enjinonderdele.<br/>
'''*<sup>3</sup>''' [[Pierre Gasly]] is gediskwalifiseer ná 'n tegniese inspeksie getoon het dat daar 'n oortreding van die maksimum brandstoftoevoer na sy enjin was.<ref>{{nl}} {{Cite web|url=https://racingnews365.nl/breaking-gasly-gediskwalificeerd-rampweekend-alpine-compleet |title=Gasly gediskwalificeerd na kwalificatie in Bakoe |website=racingnews365.nl |date=2024-09-14 |accessdate=2024-09-14}}</ref>
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|51
| 1:32:58.007
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|51
| +10.910
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|51
| +31.328
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|51
| +36.143
| align=center|15
| align=center|'''13{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}'''
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]'''
| align=center|51
| +1:17.098
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|14
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|51
| +1:25.468
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|23
| '''{{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]'''
| '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|51
| +1:27.396
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|43
| '''{{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]'''
| '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|51
| +1:29.541
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|51
| +1:32.401
| align="center" data-sort-value="19" | Kuipe
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|50
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|51
| +1:33.127
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|51
| +1:33.465
| align=center|12
|
|-
!12
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|51
| +1:57.189
| align=center|18
|
|-
!13
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|51
| +2:26.907
| align=center|14
|
|-
!14
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|51
| +2:28.841
| align="center" data-sort-value="20" | Kuipe
|
|-
!15
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|50
| +1 rondte
| align=center|16
|
|-
!16
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|50
| +1 rondte
| align=center|17
|
|-
!17<sup>†</sup>
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|49
| Ongeluk
| align=center|4
|
|-
!18<sup>†</sup>
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|49
| Ongeluk
| align=center|3
|
|-
!19<sup>†</sup>
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|45
| Remme
| align=center|13
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|14
| Botsingskade
| align=center|11
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1245/azerbaijan/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways Azarbaijan Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-09-15 |accessdate=2024-09-15}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Lando Norris]] teken die vinnigste rondte aan en verdien daarmee 'n ekstra punt.<br/>
'''<sup>†</sup>''' Kon nie die ren voltooi nie, maar is geklassifiseer omrede hul meer as 90% van die wedrenafstand afgelê het.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|313
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|254
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|235
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|222
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|184
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|166
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|143
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|143
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|58
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
|-
!11
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|22
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|22
|-
!13
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|12
|-
!14
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|12
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|8
|-
!16
| align=center|38/50
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|7
|-
!17
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!18
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|5
|-
!19
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|4
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!22
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|476
|-
!2
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|456
|-
!3
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|425
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|309
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|82
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|34
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|29
|-
!8
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|16
|-
!9
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|13
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Azerbeidjan]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in Europa]]
b5imwb511czt88j4acja93kbegz4n25
2024 Singapoerse Grand Prix
0
418831
2928802
2897090
2026-08-22T09:20:42Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928802
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|SIN}} 2024 Formule 1 Singapore Airlines<br>Singapoerse Grand Prix
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Marina Bay circuit 2023.svg|200px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''Datum'''
| 22 September 2024
|-
| '''Plek'''
|colspan=2| [[Marinabaai Straatrenbaan]]
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Voorste wegspringplek
|-
| '''Renjaer'''
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|-
| '''Tyd'''
|colspan=2| 1:29.525
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Vinnigste rondte
|-
| '''Renjaer'''
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
|-
| '''Tyd'''
|colspan=2| 1:34.486 (rondte 61 van 62)
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Podiumplekke
|-
| '''1''' || {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]] || [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|-
| '''2''' || {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]] || [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
|-
| '''3''' || {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]] || [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Singapoerse Grand Prix]]''' is op [[22 September]] [[2024]] op die [[Marinabaai Straatrenbaan]] in [[Singapoer]] gehou. Dit was die agtiende wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Marinabaai
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Supersag C3
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Ultrasag C4
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Hipersag C5
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>{{spaces|3}}Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:31.763
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:31.839
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:31.952
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:32.097
|-
!5
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:32.263
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.727
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.785
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:31.356
|-
!4
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:31.468
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:31.474
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:29.646
|-
!2
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:30.125
|-
!3
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.431
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:30.540
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.559
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
[[Lando Norris]], met 'n beste kwalifiseertyd van 1:29.525, behaal vir die sesde keer in sy loopbaan die voorste wegspringplek.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| '''1:30.002'''
| 1:30.007
| '''1:29.525'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:30.157
| 1:29.680
| 1:29.728
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:30.393
| 1:29.929
| 1:29.841
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:30.811
| 1:30.153
| 1:29.867
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.258
| '''1:29.640'''
| 1:29.953
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:30.724
| 1:30.150
| 1:30.115
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.684
| 1:30.450
| 1:30.214
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:30.716
| 1:30.289
| 1:30.354
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.786
| 1:29.747
| data-sort-value="9" | ''Geen tyd''
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.670
| 1:30.108
| data-sort-value="10" | ''Geen tyd''
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.679
| 1:30.474
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.704
| 1:30.481
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:30.624
| 1:30.579
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:30.829
| 1:30.653
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:30.958
| 1:30.769
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:31.085
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:31.094
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:31.312
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:31.572
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:32.054
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|20
|-
!colspan="8"| K1 107% tyd: 1:36.302
|}
== Wedren ==
[[Lando Norris]], in 'n [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]], wen die derde Grand Prix van sy loopbaan.
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|62
| 1:40:52.571
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|62
| +20.945
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|62
| +41.823
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|62
| +1:01.040
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|62
| +1:02.430
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|62
| +1:25.248
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|62
| +1:36.039
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|61
| +1 ronde
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|13
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|12
|
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|8
|
|-
!13
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|15
|
|-
!14
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|17
|
|-
!15
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|20
|
|-
!16
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|19
|
|-
!17
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|18
|
|-
!18
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|16
| align=center|{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!19<sup>†</sup>
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|57
| Pap band
| align=center|14
|
|-
! data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|16
| Oorverhitte enjin
| align=center|11
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1246/singapore/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Singapore Airlines Singapore Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-09-22 |accessdate=2024-09-22}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]] teken vir die sewentiende keer in sy loopbaan 'n vinnigste rondte aan, maar verdien nie 'n ekstra punt nie omdat hy nie onder die eerste tien eindig nie.<br/>
'''<sup>†</sup>''' Kon nie die ren voltooi nie, maar is geklassifiseer omrede hy meer as 90% van die wedrenafstand afgelê het.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|331
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|279
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|245
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|237
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|190
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|174
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|155
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|144
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|62
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|24
|-
!11
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|22
|-
!13
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|12
|-
!14
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|12
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|8
|-
!16
| align=center|38/50
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|7
|-
!17
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!18
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|5
|-
!19
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|4
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!22
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|516
|-
!2
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|475
|-
!3
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|441
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|329
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|86
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|34
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|31
|-
!8
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|16
|-
!9
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|13
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Singapoerse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Singapoer]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in Singapoer|Formule Een]]
67e87t2pksrpgw89pytxar8t2pp5b4n
2928803
2928802
2026-08-22T09:21:25Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand ná die Grand Prix */
2928803
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|SIN}} 2024 Formule 1 Singapore Airlines<br>Singapoerse Grand Prix
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Marina Bay circuit 2023.svg|200px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''Datum'''
| 22 September 2024
|-
| '''Plek'''
|colspan=2| [[Marinabaai Straatrenbaan]]
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Voorste wegspringplek
|-
| '''Renjaer'''
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|-
| '''Tyd'''
|colspan=2| 1:29.525
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Vinnigste rondte
|-
| '''Renjaer'''
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
|-
| '''Tyd'''
|colspan=2| 1:34.486 (rondte 61 van 62)
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Podiumplekke
|-
| '''1''' || {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]] || [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|-
| '''2''' || {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]] || [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
|-
| '''3''' || {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]] || [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Singapoerse Grand Prix]]''' is op [[22 September]] [[2024]] op die [[Marinabaai Straatrenbaan]] in [[Singapoer]] gehou. Dit was die agtiende wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Marinabaai
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Supersag C3
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Ultrasag C4
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Hipersag C5
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>{{spaces|3}}Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:31.763
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:31.839
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:31.952
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:32.097
|-
!5
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:32.263
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.727
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.785
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:31.356
|-
!4
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:31.468
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:31.474
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:29.646
|-
!2
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:30.125
|-
!3
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.431
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:30.540
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.559
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
[[Lando Norris]], met 'n beste kwalifiseertyd van 1:29.525, behaal vir die sesde keer in sy loopbaan die voorste wegspringplek.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| '''1:30.002'''
| 1:30.007
| '''1:29.525'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:30.157
| 1:29.680
| 1:29.728
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:30.393
| 1:29.929
| 1:29.841
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:30.811
| 1:30.153
| 1:29.867
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.258
| '''1:29.640'''
| 1:29.953
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:30.724
| 1:30.150
| 1:30.115
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.684
| 1:30.450
| 1:30.214
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:30.716
| 1:30.289
| 1:30.354
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.786
| 1:29.747
| data-sort-value="9" | ''Geen tyd''
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.670
| 1:30.108
| data-sort-value="10" | ''Geen tyd''
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.679
| 1:30.474
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.704
| 1:30.481
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:30.624
| 1:30.579
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:30.829
| 1:30.653
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:30.958
| 1:30.769
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:31.085
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:31.094
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:31.312
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:31.572
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:32.054
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|20
|-
!colspan="8"| K1 107% tyd: 1:36.302
|}
== Wedren ==
[[Lando Norris]], in 'n [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]], wen die derde Grand Prix van sy loopbaan.
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|62
| 1:40:52.571
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|62
| +20.945
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|62
| +41.823
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|62
| +1:01.040
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|62
| +1:02.430
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|62
| +1:25.248
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|62
| +1:36.039
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|61
| +1 ronde
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|13
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|12
|
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|8
|
|-
!13
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|15
|
|-
!14
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|17
|
|-
!15
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|20
|
|-
!16
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|19
|
|-
!17
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|18
|
|-
!18
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|61
| +1 rondte
| align=center|16
| align=center|{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!19<sup>†</sup>
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|57
| Pap band
| align=center|14
|
|-
! data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|16
| Oorverhitte enjin
| align=center|11
|
|-
!colspan=8| Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}} {{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1246/singapore/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Singapore Airlines Singapore Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-09-22 |accessdate=2024-09-22}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]] teken vir die sewentiende keer in sy loopbaan 'n vinnigste rondte aan, maar verdien nie 'n ekstra punt nie omdat hy nie onder die eerste tien eindig nie.<br/>
'''<sup>†</sup>''' Kon nie die ren voltooi nie, maar is geklassifiseer omrede hy meer as 90% van die wedrenafstand afgelê het.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|331
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|279
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|245
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|237
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|190
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|174
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|155
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|144
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|62
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|24
|-
!11
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|22
|-
!13
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|12
|-
!14
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|12
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|8
|-
!16
| align=center|38/50
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|7
|-
!17
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|6
|-
!18
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|5
|-
!19
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|4
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!22
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|516
|-
!2
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|475
|-
!3
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|441
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|329
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|86
|-
!6
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|34
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|31
|-
!8
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|16
|-
!9
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|13
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Singapoerse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Singapoer]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in Singapoer|Formule Een]]
lcc7i94yjm85kw5lu08qa6vz6t1zqzj
2024 Verenigde State Grand Prix
0
419174
2928804
2897091
2026-08-22T09:21:55Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928804
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|VSA}} 2024 Formule 1 Pirelli<br>Verenigde State Grand Prix
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Austin circuit.svg|200px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''Datum'''
| 20 Oktober 2024
|-
| '''Plek'''
|colspan=2| [[Circuit of the Americas]]
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Voorste wegspringplek
|-
| '''Renjaer'''
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|-
| '''Tyd'''
|colspan=2| 1:32.330
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Vinnigste rondte
|-
| '''Renjaer'''
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|-
| '''Tyd'''
|colspan=2| 1:37.330 (ronde 54 van 56)
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Podiumplekke
|-
| '''1''' || {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]] || [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
|-
| '''2''' || {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] || [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
|-
| '''3''' || {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]] || [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Verenigde State Grand Prix]]''' is op [[20 Oktober]] [[2024]] op die [[Circuit of the Americas]] in [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], [[Texas]] gehou. Dit was die negentiende wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen.
Die Verenigde State Grand Prix is die vierde van ses GP-naweke vanjaar waarin 'n "Sprint" (naelren) gehou sal word. ’n “Sprint” is amper dieselfde as ’n gewone wedren, met die verskil dat die wedren minder tyd neem. Die afstand van die naelren is ongeveer 100 kilometer (30 minute).
Die Grand Prix-naweek het op Vrydag met die vrye oefening van sestig minute begin, gevolg deur die naelrenkwalifisering. Op Saterdag word die sprint gehou, gevolg deur die kwalifisering wat die wegspringrooster vir die hoofren op Sondag (insluitend moontlike roosterstrawwe) bepaal en ook watter jaer die eer verdien om heel voor weg te spring.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande in die Verenigde State verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Austin
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Hard C2
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Medium C3
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Sag C4
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#FFDAB9;"
|-
!1
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:33.602
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:33.623
|-
!3
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:33.855
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:33.868
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:33.908
|}
== Snelkwalifisering ==
Die uitslag bepaal die roosteropstelling vir die naelren op Saterdag.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|Nr.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
!scope=col|SK1
!scope=col|SK2
!scope=col|SK3
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:33.908
| 1:33.290
| '''1:32.833'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:34.125
| 1:33.544
| 1:32.845
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| '''1:33.647'''
| 1:33.392
| 1:33.059
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:33.919
| 1:33.566
| 1:33.083
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:34.109
| '''1:33.274'''
| 1:33.089
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:34.825
| 1:33.994
| 1:33.183
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:33.840
| 1:33.370
| 1:33.378
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:34.403
| 1:33.788
| 1:33.398
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:34.646
| 1:34.052
| 1:33.802
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:34.606
| 1:33.952
| 1:34.406
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:34.333
| 1:34.244
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:34.865
| 1:34.363
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:34.324
| ''Geen tyd''
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:34.436
| ''Geen tyd''
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| 1:34.617
| ''Geen tyd''
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:34.881
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:34.917
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:35.054
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|Kuipe '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
!19
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:35.148
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|18
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:36.472
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|19
|-
!colspan="8"|SK1 107% tyd: 1:40.202
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1247/united-states/sprint-qualifying |title=Formula 1 Pirelli United States Grand Prix 2024 – Sprint Qualifying |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-10-18 |accessdate=2024-10-19}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1247/united-states/sprint-grid.html |title=Formula 1 Pirelli United States Grand Prix 2024 – Sprint Grid|publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-10-18 |accessdate=2024-10-19}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Alexander Albon]] kwalifiseer in die agtiende plek, maar moes vanuit die kuipelaan wegspring omdat daar aan sy motor gewerk is onder ''Parc fermé''-toestande.
== Naelren ==
=== Naelrenuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} '''[[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|19
| 31:06.146
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''8'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!2
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|19
| +3.882
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''7'''
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|19
| +6.240
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} '''[[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|19
| +6.956
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''5'''
|-
!5
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|19
| +15.766
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|19
| +18.724
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''3'''
|-
!7
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} '''[[Kevin Magnussen]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|19
| +25.161
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!8
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} '''[[Nico Hülkenberg]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|19
| +26.588
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!9
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|19
| +29.950
| align=center|11
|
|-
!10
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +37.059
| align=center|16
|
|-
!11
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|19
| +38.363
| align=center|9
|
|-
!12
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +39.460
| align=center|10
|
|-
!13
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +41.236
| align=center|13
|
|-
!14
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|19
| +41.995
| align=center|12
|
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|19
| +42.804
| align=center|17
|
|-
!16
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|19
| +44.008
| align=center|15
|
|-
!17
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +44.564
| align=center data-sort-value="20" |Kuipe
|
|-
!18
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +46.807
| align=center|14
|
|-
!19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| +52.842
| align=center|19
|
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| +54.476
| align=center|18
|
|-
!colspan=9|Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1247/united-states/sprint-results |title=Formula 1 Pirelli United States Grand Prix 2024 – Sprint Results |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-10-19 |accessdate=2024-10-19}}</ref>
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! K1
! K2
! K3
! Rooster
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:33.616
| 1:32.851
| '''1:32.330'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| '''1:33.046'''
| '''1:32.584'''
| 1:32.361
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:33.556
| 1:32.836
| 1:32.652
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:33.241
| 1:32.962
| 1:32.740
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:33.864
| 1:33.057
| 1:32.950
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:33.536
| 1:33.142
| 1:32.974
| align=center|Kuipe '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
!7
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:33.550
| 1:33.162
| 1:33.018
| align=center|6
|-
!8
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:33.973
| 1:33.429
| 1:33.309
| align=center|7
|-
!9
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:33.564
| 1:33.474
| 1:33.481
| align=center|8
|-
!10
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:33.611
| 1:33.020
| data-sort-value="10" | ''Geen tyd''
| align=center|9
|-
!11
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:33.795
| 1:33.506
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|10
|-
!12
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:33.601
| 1:33.544
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|11
|-
!13
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:33.986
| 1:33.597
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|12
|-
!14
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:34.033
| 1:33.759
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|13
|-
!15
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:33.339
| data-sort-value="15" | ''Geen tyd''
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|19 '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:34.051
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|14
|-
!17
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:34.062
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|15
|-
!18
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:34.152
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|16
|-
!19
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:34.154
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|17
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:34.228
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|18 '''*<sup>3</sup>'''
|-
!colspan="8"|K1 107% tyd: 1:39.559
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1247/united-states/qualifying |titel=Formula 1 Pirelli United States Grand Prix 2024 – Qualifying |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-10-19 |accessdate=2024-10-20}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1247/united-states/starting-grid |title=Formula 1 Pirelli United States Grand Prix 2024 – Starting Grid|publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-10-19 |accessdate=2024-10-20}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[George Russell]] het sesde gekwalifiseer, maar moes uit die kuipe wegspring omdat daar aan sy motor gewerk is onder ''Parc fermé'' toestande.<br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Liam Lawson]] moes van agter af wegspring weens die oorskryding van die kwota aan enjinonderdele. Hy het vyftiende geëindig in die kwalifikasie.<br/>
'''*<sup>3</sup>''' [[Zhou Guanyu]] het 'n roosterstraf van vyf plekke ontvang vir die vervanging van 'n enjinonderdeel. Hy het laaste gekwalifiseer, maar het twee plekke vorentoe begin as gevolg van die straf vir Liam Lawson en George Russell wat uit die kuipe begin.
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} '''[[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|56
| 1:35:09.639
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|56
| +8.562
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} '''[[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|56
| +19.412
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|56
| +20.354 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} '''[[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|56
| +21.921
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|56
| +56.295
| align=center data-sort-value="20" |Kuipe
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} '''[[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|56
| +59.072
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} '''[[Nico Hülkenberg]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|56
| +1:02.957
| align=center|11
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} '''[[Liam Lawson]]'''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|56
| +1:10.563
| align=center|19
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} '''[[Franco Colapinto]]'''
| '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|56
| +1:11.979
| align=center|15
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|56
| +1:19.782
| align=center|8
|
|-
!12
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|56
| +1:30.558
| align=center|6
|
|-
!13
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|55
| +1 ronde
| align=center|7
|
|-
!14
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|55
| +1 ronde
| align=center|10
|
|-
!15
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|55
| +1 ronde
| align=center|13
|
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|55
| +1 ronde
| align=center|14
|
|-
!17
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|55
| +1 ronde
| align=center|16
|
|-
!18
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|55
| +1 ronde
| align=center|12
| align=center|{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|55
| +1 ronde
| align=center|18
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|1
| Tol
| align=center|17
|
|-
!colspan=8|Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1247/united-states/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Pirelli United States Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-10-20 |accessdate=2024-10-20}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Lando Norris]] is 'n straf van vyf sekondes opgelê vir 'n verbysteek buite die baanperk.<br/>
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Esteban Ocon]] teken die vinnigste rondte aan, maar het nie 'n ekstra punt ontvang nie, omrede hy nie onder die top tien geëindig het nie.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|354
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|297
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|275
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|247
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|215
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|177
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|167
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|150
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|62
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|29
|-
!11
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|22
|-
!13
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|12
|-
!14
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|12
|-
!15
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|8
|-
!16
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|8
|-
!17
| align=center|38/50
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|7
|-
!18
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|5
|-
!19
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|5
|-
!20
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|2
|-
!21
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!22
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!23
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|544
|-
!2
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|504
|-
!3
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|496
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|344
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|86
|-
!6
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|38
|-
!7
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|34
|-
!8
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|17
|-
!9
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|13
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Verenigde State Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Verenigde State]]
32p1lvv4z0rsd0zhfq0nwouvqeiyjaq
Mark Burke
0
420012
2928661
2928647
2026-08-21T12:34:58Z
Pynappel
70858
/* Parlementêre loopbaan */ Uit Engels
2928661
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas Ampsbekleër
| naam = Mark John Burke
| beeld = Markjohnburke.jpg
| beeldonderskrif = Burke in Togo, Wes-Afrika. 2024
| geboortedatum = 1989 <!-- vul slegs in indien onderstaande drie velde onbekend is (geboortejaar, geboortemaand en geboortedag -->
| geboortejaar = <!-- Jaartal, bv. 1950 -->
| geboortemaand = <!-- Maandtal, bv. 12 -->
| geboortedag = <!-- Dagtal, bv. 31 -->
| geboorteplek =
| sterfdatum =
| sterfplek =
| party = [[Demokratiese Alliansie]]
| nasionaliteit =
| orde = [[Lid van die Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]]
| termynaanvang = 25 Junie 2024
| termyneinde =
| leier =
| vise =
| president =
| eersteminister =
| premier = <!-- vir gebruik in provinsiale wetgewers -->
| voorganger =
| opvolger =
| ouers =
| eggenoot = Talia Simone da Silva Burke
| kinders =
| alma_mater =
| handtekening =
| webtuiste =
}}
'''Mark John Burke''' is 'n Suid-Afrikaanse [[politikus]] wat sedert 2024 'n lid van die [[Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]] vir die [[Demokratiese Alliansie]] (DA) is.
== Vroë lewe ==
Burke is in 1989 in [[Vrystaat]] gebore en is 'n moedertaalspreker van [[Afrikaans]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-01 |title=Luister, you can keep your Oxford scholarship - Thought Leader |url=https://thoughtleader.co.za/you-can-keep-your-scholarship-to-oxford/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=thoughtleader.co.za/ |language=en}}</ref> Hy het twee baccalaureusgrade in Rekenaarwetenskap en Taaltegnologie aan die [[Potchefstroom]]-kampus van die [[Noordwes-Universiteit]] verwerf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Contributors |url=https://www.igi-global.com/pdf.aspx?tid=114387&ptid=102191&ctid=17&t=About%20the%20Contributors&isxn=9781466661585 |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=IGI Global |archive-date=2024-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807135556/https://www.igi-global.com/pdf.aspx?tid=114387&ptid=102191&ctid=17&t=About%20the%20Contributors&isxn=9781466661585 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tydens sy studentejare aan die universiteit het hy die PUK debatsvereniging gestig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us |url=http://nwupukdebatesociety.weebly.com/about-us.html |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=nwupukdebatesociety.weebly.com}}</ref> Hy het ook 'n meestersgraad in Rekenaarwetenskap aan die [[Universiteit van Kaapstad]] verwerf<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Mandela Rhodes Foundation Yearbook 2012 |url=https://www.mandelarhodes.org/downloads/yearbooks/2012.pdf |access-date=2024-08-07}}</ref> en 'n PhD aan die [[Universiteit van Cambridge]] met 'n beurs van die Mandela Rhodes-stigting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mark John Burke |url=https://www.mandelarhodes.org/scholarship/scholars/mark-john-burke/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=The Mandela Rhodes Foundation |language=en}}</ref>
Burke is die stigter van ExpertRand, 'n maatskappy wat geldoordragdienste vir uitgewekene Suid-Afrikaners verskaf, en 'n medestigter van Kastelo, 'n [[finteg]]maatskappy.<ref name="Netwerk24, g.d.">{{Cite web| last = Delport| first = Dennis| title = ANC dien strafregtelike klagte teen DA se Burke in| work = [[Netwerk24]] | access-date = 2026-08-21| url = https://www.netwerk24.com/nuus/politiek/anc-dien-strafregtelike-klagte-teen-da-se-burke-in-20260821-0510}}</ref> Hy is getroud met dr. Talia Simone da Silva Burke.
== Parlementêre loopbaan ==
Burke het as 'n DA-parlementêre kandidaat op die [[Wes-Kaap]]se lys in die [[Suid-Afrikaanse algemene verkiesing van 2024|nasionale verkiesing van 2024]] gestaan en is daarna tot die [[Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]] verkies. Hy is op 25 Junie 2024 ingehuldig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Hy is 'n lid van die Staande Komitee oor Bewilligings en is 'n plaasvervangende lid van die Staande Komitee oor Finansies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mark John Burke |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/5298 |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref>
== Kastelo en reserwebank-ondersoek ==
In 2026 het Burke onder politieke skerpsinnigheid gekom weens sy verbintenis met [[Kastelo]], 'n Suid-Afrikaanse finansiëletegnologiemaatskappy wat by kriptogeldeenheid-arbitrage en ander finansiële dienste betrokke is. Kastelo het die onderwerp geword van regulatoriese ondersoek deur die [[Suid-Afrikaanse Reserwebank]] se Departement van Finansiële Toesig (FinSurv) rakende transaksies wat met sy kriptogeldeenheid-arbitrageaktiwiteite verband hou.<ref name="IOL2026">{{cite news |date=18 August 2026 |title=DA MP Mark Burke under fire as Kastelo faces R4bn Reserve Bank probe |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2026-08-18-da-mp-mark-burke-under-fire-as-kastelo-faces-r4bn-reserve-bank-probe/ |access-date=19 August 2026 |work=IOL}}</ref> Die kontroversie het gehandel oor Kastelo se finansiële aktiwiteite en transaksies ter waarde van ongeveer R4 miljard, wat volgens berigte aan ondersoek deur die reserwebank onderworpe was. Die ondersoek het vrae laat ontstaan oor die maatskappy se nakoming van Suid-Afrika se valutabeheer- en finansiële toesigregulasies.<ref name="BusinessTech2026">{{cite news |date=18 August 2026 |title=Serious allegations against DA finance chief Mark Burke's company over R4 billion |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/finance/870532/serious-allegations-against-da-finance-chief-mark-burkes-company-over-r4-billion/ |access-date=19 August 2026 |work=BusinessTech}}</ref>
Kastelo het die [[Hooggeregshof van Suid-Afrika|hooggeregshof]] genader vir dringende regshulp teen die optrede. Die hof het die aansoek daarna op prosedurele gronde van die rol geskrap, onder meer met die bevinding dat die saak nie die vereiste dringendheid bewys het nie. Die uitspraak het nie 'n finale beslissing oor die substantiewe bewerings rakende Kastelo se nakoming van valutabeheerregulasies daargestel nie.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Payne |first=Suné |title=DA closes ranks around Mark Burke, who says SARB probe will vindicate him |url=https://www.news24.com/politics/da-closes-ranks-around-mark-burke-who-says-sarb-probe-will-vindicate-him-20260818-0887 |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>
Die aangeleentheid het 'n politieke kontroversie geword weens Burke se verbintenis met Kastelo en sy posisie binne die [[Demokratiese Alliansie]] se parlementêre finansiestrukture. In Augustus 2026 het mediaberigte bevraagteken of Burke se verbintenis met die maatskappy 'n moontlike botsing van belange daarstel, en daar is gevra vir groter openbaarmaking rakende sy verhouding met Kastelo.<ref name="IOL2026" /><ref name="BusinessTech2026" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schutters |first=Lindsey |date=2026-08-19 |title=Mark Burke saga is a strong test of DA's good governance swagger |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-08-19-mark-burke-saga-is-a-strong-test-of-da-s-good-governance-swagger/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
Die kontroversie het ook daartoe gelei dat politieke partye gevra het dat Burke uit sy pos as die Demokratiese Alliansie se finansiewoordvoerder bedank hangende opklaring van die bewerings rakende Kastelo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Faizel |date=2026-08-18 |title=EFF, ANC target DA's Mark Burke over R4bn crypto company allegations |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/eff-anc-target-das-mark-burke-crypto-company-allegations/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref><ref name="IOL2026" /><ref name="BusinessTech2026" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Smile Staff |date=2026-08-19 |title=Pressure mounts on DA's Federal Finance chair Mark Burke to step aside |url=https://smilefm.co.za/pressure-mounts-on-das-federal-finance-chair-mark-burke-to-step-aside/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=Smile 90.4FM |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndenze |first=Babalo |title=DA MP Mark Burke distances himself from Kastelo after stepping down as board chair |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/da-mp-mark-burke-distances-himself-from-kastelo-after-stepping-down-as-board-chair/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref>
Die beriggewing oor die reserwebankondersoek het nie vasgestel dat Burke persoonlik enige oortreding begaan het of dat daar 'n kriminele bevinding teen hom self was nie. Die regulatoriese optrede het op Kastelo en sy finansiële aktiwiteite betrekking gehad, terwyl die politieke kontroversie rondom Burke op sy verbintenis met die maatskappy gefokus het en of daardie verbintenis met sy politieke verantwoordelikhede versoenbaar was.<ref name="IOL2026" /><ref name="BusinessTech2026" />
Op 19 Augustus 2026 is Burke as die Demokratiese Alliansie se voorsitter van Parlementêre finansies verwyder.<ref>https://www.ewn.co.za/2026/08/19/da-removes-mp-mark-burke-from-parliamentary-finance-committees</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
{{Huidige LP's van Suid-Afrika}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Burke, Mark}}
[[Kategorie:Afrikaners]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1989]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
[[Kategorie:Lede van die Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Politici van die Demokratiese Alliansie]]
[[Kategorie:Alumni van Noordwes-Universiteit]]
[[Kategorie:Alumni van die Universiteit Kaapstad]]
[[Kategorie:Alumni van die Universiteit Cambridge]]
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{{Inligtingskas Ampsbekleër
| naam = Mark John Burke
| beeld = Markjohnburke.jpg
| beeldonderskrif = Burke in Togo, Wes-Afrika. 2024
| geboortedatum = 1989 <!-- vul slegs in indien onderstaande drie velde onbekend is (geboortejaar, geboortemaand en geboortedag -->
| geboortejaar = <!-- Jaartal, bv. 1950 -->
| geboortemaand = <!-- Maandtal, bv. 12 -->
| geboortedag = <!-- Dagtal, bv. 31 -->
| geboorteplek =
| sterfdatum =
| sterfplek =
| party = [[Demokratiese Alliansie]]
| nasionaliteit =
| orde = [[Lid van die Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]]
| termynaanvang = 25 Junie 2024
| termyneinde =
| leier =
| vise =
| president =
| eersteminister =
| premier = <!-- vir gebruik in provinsiale wetgewers -->
| voorganger =
| opvolger =
| ouers =
| eggenoot = Talia Simone da Silva Burke
| kinders =
| alma_mater =
| handtekening =
| webtuiste =
}}
'''Mark John Burke''' is 'n Suid-Afrikaanse [[politikus]] wat sedert 2024 'n lid van die [[Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]] vir die [[Demokratiese Alliansie]] (DA) is.
== Vroë lewe ==
Burke is in 1989 in [[Vrystaat]] gebore en is 'n moedertaalspreker van [[Afrikaans]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-01 |title=Luister, you can keep your Oxford scholarship - Thought Leader |url=https://thoughtleader.co.za/you-can-keep-your-scholarship-to-oxford/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=thoughtleader.co.za/ |language=en}}</ref> Hy het twee baccalaureusgrade in Rekenaarwetenskap en Taaltegnologie aan die [[Potchefstroom]]-kampus van die [[Noordwes-Universiteit]] verwerf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Contributors |url=https://www.igi-global.com/pdf.aspx?tid=114387&ptid=102191&ctid=17&t=About%20the%20Contributors&isxn=9781466661585 |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=IGI Global |archive-date=2024-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807135556/https://www.igi-global.com/pdf.aspx?tid=114387&ptid=102191&ctid=17&t=About%20the%20Contributors&isxn=9781466661585 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tydens sy studentejare aan die universiteit het hy die PUK debatsvereniging gestig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us |url=http://nwupukdebatesociety.weebly.com/about-us.html |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=nwupukdebatesociety.weebly.com}}</ref> Hy het ook 'n meestersgraad in Rekenaarwetenskap aan die [[Universiteit van Kaapstad]] verwerf<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Mandela Rhodes Foundation Yearbook 2012 |url=https://www.mandelarhodes.org/downloads/yearbooks/2012.pdf |access-date=2024-08-07}}</ref> en 'n PhD aan die [[Universiteit van Cambridge]] met 'n beurs van die Mandela Rhodes-stigting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mark John Burke |url=https://www.mandelarhodes.org/scholarship/scholars/mark-john-burke/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=The Mandela Rhodes Foundation |language=en}}</ref>
Burke is die stigter van ExpertRand, 'n maatskappy wat geldoordragdienste vir uitgewekene Suid-Afrikaners verskaf, en 'n medestigter van Kastelo, 'n [[finteg]]maatskappy.<ref name="Netwerk24, g.d.">{{Cite web| last = Delport| first = Dennis| title = ANC dien strafregtelike klagte teen DA se Burke in| work = [[Netwerk24]] | access-date = 2026-08-21| url = https://www.netwerk24.com/nuus/politiek/anc-dien-strafregtelike-klagte-teen-da-se-burke-in-20260821-0510}}</ref> Hy is getroud met dr. Talia Simone da Silva Burke.
== Parlementêre loopbaan ==
Burke het as 'n DA-parlementêre kandidaat op die [[Wes-Kaap]]se lys in die [[Suid-Afrikaanse algemene verkiesing van 2024|nasionale verkiesing van 2024]] gestaan en is daarna tot die [[Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]] verkies. Hy is op 25 Junie 2024 ingehuldig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Hy is 'n lid van die Staande Komitee oor Bewilligings en is 'n plaasvervangende lid van die Staande Komitee oor Finansies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mark John Burke |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/5298 |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref>
== Kastelo en reserwebankondersoek ==
In 2026 het Burke onder politieke skerpsinnigheid gekom weens sy verbintenis met [[Kastelo]], 'n Suid-Afrikaanse finansiëletegnologiemaatskappy wat by kriptogeldeenheid-arbitrage en ander finansiële dienste betrokke is. Kastelo het die onderwerp geword van regulatoriese ondersoek deur die [[Suid-Afrikaanse Reserwebank]] se Departement van Finansiële Toesig (FinSurv) rakende transaksies wat met sy kriptogeldeenheid-arbitrageaktiwiteite verband hou.<ref name="IOL2026">{{cite news |date=18 August 2026 |title=DA MP Mark Burke under fire as Kastelo faces R4bn Reserve Bank probe |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2026-08-18-da-mp-mark-burke-under-fire-as-kastelo-faces-r4bn-reserve-bank-probe/ |access-date=19 August 2026 |work=IOL}}</ref> Die kontroversie het gehandel oor Kastelo se finansiële aktiwiteite en transaksies ter waarde van ongeveer R4 miljard, wat volgens berigte aan ondersoek deur die reserwebank onderworpe was. Die ondersoek het vrae laat ontstaan oor die maatskappy se nakoming van Suid-Afrika se valutabeheer- en finansiële toesigregulasies.<ref name="BusinessTech2026">{{cite news |date=18 August 2026 |title=Serious allegations against DA finance chief Mark Burke's company over R4 billion |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/finance/870532/serious-allegations-against-da-finance-chief-mark-burkes-company-over-r4-billion/ |access-date=19 August 2026 |work=BusinessTech}}</ref>
Kastelo het die [[Hooggeregshof van Suid-Afrika|hooggeregshof]] genader vir dringende regshulp teen die optrede. Die hof het die aansoek daarna op prosedurele gronde van die rol geskrap, onder meer met die bevinding dat die saak nie die vereiste dringendheid bewys het nie. Die uitspraak het nie 'n finale beslissing oor die substantiewe bewerings rakende Kastelo se nakoming van valutabeheerregulasies daargestel nie.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Payne |first=Suné |title=DA closes ranks around Mark Burke, who says SARB probe will vindicate him |url=https://www.news24.com/politics/da-closes-ranks-around-mark-burke-who-says-sarb-probe-will-vindicate-him-20260818-0887 |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>
Die aangeleentheid het 'n politieke kontroversie geword weens Burke se verbintenis met Kastelo en sy posisie binne die [[Demokratiese Alliansie]] se parlementêre finansiestrukture. In Augustus 2026 het mediaberigte bevraagteken of Burke se verbintenis met die maatskappy 'n moontlike botsing van belange daarstel, en daar is gevra vir groter openbaarmaking rakende sy verhouding met Kastelo.<ref name="IOL2026" /><ref name="BusinessTech2026" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schutters |first=Lindsey |date=2026-08-19 |title=Mark Burke saga is a strong test of DA's good governance swagger |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-08-19-mark-burke-saga-is-a-strong-test-of-da-s-good-governance-swagger/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
Die kontroversie het ook daartoe gelei dat politieke partye gevra het dat Burke uit sy pos as die Demokratiese Alliansie se finansiewoordvoerder bedank hangende opklaring van die bewerings rakende Kastelo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Faizel |date=2026-08-18 |title=EFF, ANC target DA's Mark Burke over R4bn crypto company allegations |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/eff-anc-target-das-mark-burke-crypto-company-allegations/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref><ref name="IOL2026" /><ref name="BusinessTech2026" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Smile Staff |date=2026-08-19 |title=Pressure mounts on DA's Federal Finance chair Mark Burke to step aside |url=https://smilefm.co.za/pressure-mounts-on-das-federal-finance-chair-mark-burke-to-step-aside/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=Smile 90.4FM |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndenze |first=Babalo |title=DA MP Mark Burke distances himself from Kastelo after stepping down as board chair |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/da-mp-mark-burke-distances-himself-from-kastelo-after-stepping-down-as-board-chair/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref>
Die beriggewing oor die reserwebankondersoek het nie vasgestel dat Burke persoonlik enige oortreding begaan het of dat daar 'n kriminele bevinding teen hom self was nie. Die regulatoriese optrede het op Kastelo en sy finansiële aktiwiteite betrekking gehad, terwyl die politieke kontroversie rondom Burke op sy verbintenis met die maatskappy gefokus het en of daardie verbintenis met sy politieke verantwoordelikhede versoenbaar was.<ref name="IOL2026" /><ref name="BusinessTech2026" />
Op 19 Augustus 2026 is Burke as die Demokratiese Alliansie se voorsitter van Parlementêre finansies verwyder.<ref>https://www.ewn.co.za/2026/08/19/da-removes-mp-mark-burke-from-parliamentary-finance-committees</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
{{Huidige LP's van Suid-Afrika}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Burke, Mark}}
[[Kategorie:Afrikaners]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1989]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
[[Kategorie:Lede van die Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Politici van die Demokratiese Alliansie]]
[[Kategorie:Alumni van Noordwes-Universiteit]]
[[Kategorie:Alumni van die Universiteit Kaapstad]]
[[Kategorie:Alumni van die Universiteit Cambridge]]
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{{Inligtingskas Ampsbekleër
| naam = Mark John Burke
| beeld = Markjohnburke.jpg
| beeldonderskrif = Burke in Togo, Wes-Afrika. 2024
| geboortedatum = 1989 <!-- vul slegs in indien onderstaande drie velde onbekend is (geboortejaar, geboortemaand en geboortedag -->
| geboortejaar = <!-- Jaartal, bv. 1950 -->
| geboortemaand = <!-- Maandtal, bv. 12 -->
| geboortedag = <!-- Dagtal, bv. 31 -->
| geboorteplek =
| sterfdatum =
| sterfplek =
| party = [[Demokratiese Alliansie]]
| nasionaliteit =
| orde = [[Lid van die Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]]
| termynaanvang = 25 Junie 2024
| termyneinde =
| leier =
| vise =
| president =
| eersteminister =
| premier = <!-- vir gebruik in provinsiale wetgewers -->
| voorganger =
| opvolger =
| ouers =
| eggenoot = Talia Simone da Silva Burke
| kinders =
| alma_mater =
| handtekening =
| webtuiste =
}}
'''Mark John Burke''' is 'n Suid-Afrikaanse [[politikus]] wat sedert 2024 'n lid van die [[Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]] vir die [[Demokratiese Alliansie]] (DA) is.
== Vroë lewe ==
Burke is in 1989 in [[Vrystaat]] gebore en is 'n moedertaalspreker van [[Afrikaans]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-01 |title=Luister, you can keep your Oxford scholarship - Thought Leader |url=https://thoughtleader.co.za/you-can-keep-your-scholarship-to-oxford/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=thoughtleader.co.za/ |language=en}}</ref> Hy het twee baccalaureusgrade in Rekenaarwetenskap en Taaltegnologie aan die [[Potchefstroom]]-kampus van die [[Noordwes-Universiteit]] verwerf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Contributors |url=https://www.igi-global.com/pdf.aspx?tid=114387&ptid=102191&ctid=17&t=About%20the%20Contributors&isxn=9781466661585 |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=IGI Global |archive-date=2024-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807135556/https://www.igi-global.com/pdf.aspx?tid=114387&ptid=102191&ctid=17&t=About%20the%20Contributors&isxn=9781466661585 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tydens sy studentejare aan die universiteit het hy die PUK debatsvereniging gestig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us |url=http://nwupukdebatesociety.weebly.com/about-us.html |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=nwupukdebatesociety.weebly.com}}</ref> Hy het ook 'n meestersgraad in Rekenaarwetenskap aan die [[Universiteit van Kaapstad]] verwerf<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Mandela Rhodes Foundation Yearbook 2012 |url=https://www.mandelarhodes.org/downloads/yearbooks/2012.pdf |access-date=2024-08-07}}</ref> en 'n PhD aan die [[Universiteit van Cambridge]] met 'n beurs van die Mandela Rhodes-stigting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mark John Burke |url=https://www.mandelarhodes.org/scholarship/scholars/mark-john-burke/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=The Mandela Rhodes Foundation |language=en}}</ref>
Burke is die stigter van ExpertRand, 'n maatskappy wat geldoordragdienste vir uitgewekene Suid-Afrikaners verskaf, en 'n medestigter van Kastelo, 'n [[finteg]]maatskappy.<ref name="Netwerk24, g.d.">{{Cite web| last = Delport| first = Dennis| title = ANC dien strafregtelike klagte teen DA se Burke in| work = [[Netwerk24]] | access-date = 2026-08-21| url = https://www.netwerk24.com/nuus/politiek/anc-dien-strafregtelike-klagte-teen-da-se-burke-in-20260821-0510}}</ref> Hy is getroud met dr. Talia Simone da Silva Burke.
== Parlementêre loopbaan ==
Burke het as 'n DA-parlementêre kandidaat op die [[Wes-Kaap]]se lys in die [[Suid-Afrikaanse algemene verkiesing van 2024|nasionale verkiesing van 2024]] gestaan en is daarna tot die [[Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]] verkies. Hy is op 25 Junie 2024 ingehuldig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Hy is 'n lid van die Staande Komitee oor Bewilligings en is 'n plaasvervangende lid van die Staande Komitee oor Finansies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mark John Burke |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/5298 |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref>
== Kastelo en Reserwebank-ondersoek ==
In 2026 het Burke onder politieke skerpsinnigheid gekom weens sy verbintenis met [[Kastelo]], 'n Suid-Afrikaanse finansiëletegnologiemaatskappy wat by kriptogeldeenheid-arbitrage en ander finansiële dienste betrokke is. Kastelo het die onderwerp geword van regulatoriese ondersoek deur die [[Suid-Afrikaanse Reserwebank]] se Departement van Finansiële Toesig (FinSurv) rakende transaksies wat met sy kriptogeldeenheid-arbitrageaktiwiteite verband hou.<ref name="IOL2026">{{cite news |date=18 August 2026 |title=DA MP Mark Burke under fire as Kastelo faces R4bn Reserve Bank probe |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2026-08-18-da-mp-mark-burke-under-fire-as-kastelo-faces-r4bn-reserve-bank-probe/ |access-date=19 August 2026 |work=IOL}}</ref> Die kontroversie het gehandel oor Kastelo se finansiële aktiwiteite en transaksies ter waarde van ongeveer R4 miljard, wat volgens berigte aan ondersoek deur die Reserwebank onderworpe was. Die ondersoek het vrae laat ontstaan oor die maatskappy se nakoming van Suid-Afrika se valutabeheer- en finansiële toesigregulasies.<ref name="BusinessTech2026">{{cite news |date=18 August 2026 |title=Serious allegations against DA finance chief Mark Burke's company over R4 billion |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/finance/870532/serious-allegations-against-da-finance-chief-mark-burkes-company-over-r4-billion/ |access-date=19 August 2026 |work=BusinessTech}}</ref>
Kastelo het die [[Hooggeregshof van Suid-Afrika|hooggeregshof]] genader vir dringende regshulp teen die optrede. Die hof het die aansoek daarna op prosedurele gronde van die rol geskrap, onder meer met die bevinding dat die saak nie die vereiste dringendheid bewys het nie. Die uitspraak het nie 'n finale beslissing oor die substantiewe bewerings rakende Kastelo se nakoming van valutabeheerregulasies daargestel nie.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Payne |first=Suné |title=DA closes ranks around Mark Burke, who says SARB probe will vindicate him |url=https://www.news24.com/politics/da-closes-ranks-around-mark-burke-who-says-sarb-probe-will-vindicate-him-20260818-0887 |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>
Die aangeleentheid het 'n politieke kontroversie geword weens Burke se verbintenis met Kastelo en sy posisie binne die [[Demokratiese Alliansie]] se parlementêre finansiestrukture. In Augustus 2026 het mediaberigte bevraagteken of Burke se verbintenis met die maatskappy 'n moontlike botsing van belange daarstel, en daar is gevra vir groter openbaarmaking rakende sy verhouding met Kastelo.<ref name="IOL2026" /><ref name="BusinessTech2026" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schutters |first=Lindsey |date=2026-08-19 |title=Mark Burke saga is a strong test of DA's good governance swagger |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-08-19-mark-burke-saga-is-a-strong-test-of-da-s-good-governance-swagger/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
Die kontroversie het ook daartoe gelei dat politieke partye gevra het dat Burke uit sy pos as die Demokratiese Alliansie se finansiewoordvoerder bedank hangende opklaring van die bewerings rakende Kastelo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Faizel |date=2026-08-18 |title=EFF, ANC target DA's Mark Burke over R4bn crypto company allegations |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/eff-anc-target-das-mark-burke-crypto-company-allegations/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref><ref name="IOL2026" /><ref name="BusinessTech2026" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Smile Staff |date=2026-08-19 |title=Pressure mounts on DA's Federal Finance chair Mark Burke to step aside |url=https://smilefm.co.za/pressure-mounts-on-das-federal-finance-chair-mark-burke-to-step-aside/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=Smile 90.4FM |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndenze |first=Babalo |title=DA MP Mark Burke distances himself from Kastelo after stepping down as board chair |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/da-mp-mark-burke-distances-himself-from-kastelo-after-stepping-down-as-board-chair/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref>
Die beriggewing oor die Reserwebank-ondersoek het nie vasgestel dat Burke persoonlik enige oortreding begaan het of dat daar 'n kriminele bevinding teen hom self was nie. Die regulatoriese optrede het op Kastelo en sy finansiële aktiwiteite betrekking gehad, terwyl die politieke kontroversie rondom Burke op sy verbintenis met die maatskappy gefokus het en of daardie verbintenis met sy politieke verantwoordelikhede versoenbaar was.<ref name="IOL2026" /><ref name="BusinessTech2026" />
Op 19 Augustus 2026 is Burke as die Demokratiese Alliansie se voorsitter van Parlementêre finansies verwyder.<ref>https://www.ewn.co.za/2026/08/19/da-removes-mp-mark-burke-from-parliamentary-finance-committees</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
{{Huidige LP's van Suid-Afrika}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Burke, Mark}}
[[Kategorie:Afrikaners]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1989]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
[[Kategorie:Lede van die Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Politici van die Demokratiese Alliansie]]
[[Kategorie:Alumni van Noordwes-Universiteit]]
[[Kategorie:Alumni van die Universiteit Kaapstad]]
[[Kategorie:Alumni van die Universiteit Cambridge]]
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{{Inligtingskas Ampsbekleër
| naam = Mark John Burke
| beeld = Markjohnburke.jpg
| beeldonderskrif = Burke in Togo, Wes-Afrika. 2024
| geboortedatum = 1989 <!-- vul slegs in indien onderstaande drie velde onbekend is (geboortejaar, geboortemaand en geboortedag -->
| geboortejaar = <!-- Jaartal, bv. 1950 -->
| geboortemaand = <!-- Maandtal, bv. 12 -->
| geboortedag = <!-- Dagtal, bv. 31 -->
| geboorteplek =
| sterfdatum =
| sterfplek =
| party = [[Demokratiese Alliansie]]
| nasionaliteit =
| orde = [[Lid van die Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]]
| termynaanvang = 25 Junie 2024
| termyneinde =
| leier =
| vise =
| president =
| eersteminister =
| premier = <!-- vir gebruik in provinsiale wetgewers -->
| voorganger =
| opvolger =
| ouers =
| eggenoot = Talia Simone da Silva Burke
| kinders =
| alma_mater =
| handtekening =
| webtuiste =
}}
'''Mark John Burke''' is 'n Suid-Afrikaanse [[politikus]] wat sedert 2024 'n lid van die [[Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]] vir die [[Demokratiese Alliansie]] (DA) is.
== Vroë lewe ==
Burke is in 1989 in [[Vrystaat]] gebore en is 'n moedertaalspreker van [[Afrikaans]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-01 |title=Luister, you can keep your Oxford scholarship - Thought Leader |url=https://thoughtleader.co.za/you-can-keep-your-scholarship-to-oxford/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=thoughtleader.co.za/ |language=en}}</ref> Hy het twee baccalaureusgrade in Rekenaarwetenskap en Taaltegnologie aan die [[Potchefstroom]]-kampus van die [[Noordwes-Universiteit]] verwerf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Contributors |url=https://www.igi-global.com/pdf.aspx?tid=114387&ptid=102191&ctid=17&t=About%20the%20Contributors&isxn=9781466661585 |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=IGI Global |archive-date=2024-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807135556/https://www.igi-global.com/pdf.aspx?tid=114387&ptid=102191&ctid=17&t=About%20the%20Contributors&isxn=9781466661585 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tydens sy studentejare aan die universiteit het hy die PUK debatsvereniging gestig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us |url=http://nwupukdebatesociety.weebly.com/about-us.html |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=nwupukdebatesociety.weebly.com}}</ref> Hy het ook 'n meestersgraad in Rekenaarwetenskap aan die [[Universiteit van Kaapstad]] verwerf<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Mandela Rhodes Foundation Yearbook 2012 |url=https://www.mandelarhodes.org/downloads/yearbooks/2012.pdf |access-date=2024-08-07}}</ref> en 'n PhD aan die [[Universiteit van Cambridge]] met 'n beurs van die Mandela Rhodes-stigting.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mark John Burke |url=https://www.mandelarhodes.org/scholarship/scholars/mark-john-burke/ |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=The Mandela Rhodes Foundation |language=en}}</ref>
Burke is die stigter van ExpertRand, 'n maatskappy wat geldoordragdienste vir uitgewekene Suid-Afrikaners verskaf, en 'n medestigter van Kastelo, 'n [[finteg]]maatskappy.<ref name="Venter, 2026">{{Cite web| last = Venter| first = Isabel| title = ANC oor Burke: Ondersoek hom!| work = [[Maroela Media]] | access-date = 2026-08-21| date = 2026-08-21| url = https://maroelamedia.co.za/nuus/anc-oor-burke-ondersoek-hom/}}</ref> Hy is getroud met dr. Talia Simone da Silva Burke.
== Parlementêre loopbaan ==
Burke het as 'n DA-parlementêre kandidaat op die [[Wes-Kaap]]se lys in die [[Suid-Afrikaanse algemene verkiesing van 2024|nasionale verkiesing van 2024]] gestaan en is daarna tot die [[Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]] verkies. Hy is op 25 Junie 2024 ingehuldig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 400 MPs elected to the National Assembly - IEC - DOCUMENTS {{!}} Politicsweb |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/the-400-mps-elected-to-the-national-assembly--iec |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=www.politicsweb.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Hy is 'n lid van die Staande Komitee oor Bewilligings en is 'n plaasvervangende lid van die Staande Komitee oor Finansies.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mark John Burke |url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/5298 |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Parliament of South Africa}}</ref>
== Kastelo en Reserwebank-ondersoek ==
In 2026 het Burke onder politieke skerpsinnigheid gekom weens sy verbintenis met [[Kastelo]], 'n Suid-Afrikaanse finansiëletegnologiemaatskappy wat by kriptogeldeenheid-arbitrage en ander finansiële dienste betrokke is. Kastelo het die onderwerp geword van regulatoriese ondersoek deur die [[Suid-Afrikaanse Reserwebank]] se Departement van Finansiële Toesig (FinSurv) rakende transaksies wat met sy kriptogeldeenheid-arbitrageaktiwiteite verband hou.<ref name="IOL2026">{{cite news |date=18 August 2026 |title=DA MP Mark Burke under fire as Kastelo faces R4bn Reserve Bank probe |url=https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2026-08-18-da-mp-mark-burke-under-fire-as-kastelo-faces-r4bn-reserve-bank-probe/ |access-date=19 August 2026 |work=IOL}}</ref> Die kontroversie het gehandel oor Kastelo se finansiële aktiwiteite en transaksies ter waarde van ongeveer R4 miljard, wat volgens berigte aan ondersoek deur die Reserwebank onderworpe was. Die ondersoek het vrae laat ontstaan oor die maatskappy se nakoming van Suid-Afrika se valutabeheer- en finansiële toesigregulasies.<ref name="BusinessTech2026">{{cite news |date=18 August 2026 |title=Serious allegations against DA finance chief Mark Burke's company over R4 billion |url=https://businesstech.co.za/news/finance/870532/serious-allegations-against-da-finance-chief-mark-burkes-company-over-r4-billion/ |access-date=19 August 2026 |work=BusinessTech}}</ref>
Kastelo het die [[Hooggeregshof van Suid-Afrika|hooggeregshof]] genader vir dringende regshulp teen die optrede. Die hof het die aansoek daarna op prosedurele gronde van die rol geskrap, onder meer met die bevinding dat die saak nie die vereiste dringendheid bewys het nie. Die uitspraak het nie 'n finale beslissing oor die substantiewe bewerings rakende Kastelo se nakoming van valutabeheerregulasies daargestel nie.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Payne |first=Suné |title=DA closes ranks around Mark Burke, who says SARB probe will vindicate him |url=https://www.news24.com/politics/da-closes-ranks-around-mark-burke-who-says-sarb-probe-will-vindicate-him-20260818-0887 |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref>
Die aangeleentheid het 'n politieke kontroversie geword weens Burke se verbintenis met Kastelo en sy posisie binne die [[Demokratiese Alliansie]] se parlementêre finansiestrukture. In Augustus 2026 het mediaberigte bevraagteken of Burke se verbintenis met die maatskappy 'n moontlike botsing van belange daarstel, en daar is gevra vir groter openbaarmaking rakende sy verhouding met Kastelo.<ref name="IOL2026" /><ref name="BusinessTech2026" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schutters |first=Lindsey |date=2026-08-19 |title=Mark Burke saga is a strong test of DA's good governance swagger |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2026-08-19-mark-burke-saga-is-a-strong-test-of-da-s-good-governance-swagger/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en-ZA}}</ref>
Die kontroversie het ook daartoe gelei dat politieke partye gevra het dat Burke uit sy pos as die Demokratiese Alliansie se finansiewoordvoerder bedank hangende opklaring van die bewerings rakende Kastelo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Faizel |date=2026-08-18 |title=EFF, ANC target DA's Mark Burke over R4bn crypto company allegations |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/politics/eff-anc-target-das-mark-burke-crypto-company-allegations/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref><ref name="IOL2026" /><ref name="BusinessTech2026" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Smile Staff |date=2026-08-19 |title=Pressure mounts on DA's Federal Finance chair Mark Burke to step aside |url=https://smilefm.co.za/pressure-mounts-on-das-federal-finance-chair-mark-burke-to-step-aside/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=Smile 90.4FM |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndenze |first=Babalo |title=DA MP Mark Burke distances himself from Kastelo after stepping down as board chair |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/da-mp-mark-burke-distances-himself-from-kastelo-after-stepping-down-as-board-chair/ |access-date=2026-08-19 |website=EWN |language=en}}</ref>
Die beriggewing oor die Reserwebank-ondersoek het nie vasgestel dat Burke persoonlik enige oortreding begaan het of dat daar 'n kriminele bevinding teen hom self was nie. Die regulatoriese optrede het op Kastelo en sy finansiële aktiwiteite betrekking gehad, terwyl die politieke kontroversie rondom Burke op sy verbintenis met die maatskappy gefokus het en of daardie verbintenis met sy politieke verantwoordelikhede versoenbaar was.<ref name="IOL2026" /><ref name="BusinessTech2026" />
Op 19 Augustus 2026 is Burke as die Demokratiese Alliansie se voorsitter van Parlementêre finansies verwyder.<ref>https://www.ewn.co.za/2026/08/19/da-removes-mp-mark-burke-from-parliamentary-finance-committees</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
{{Huidige LP's van Suid-Afrika}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Burke, Mark}}
[[Kategorie:Afrikaners]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1989]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
[[Kategorie:Lede van die Nasionale Vergadering van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Politici van die Demokratiese Alliansie]]
[[Kategorie:Alumni van Noordwes-Universiteit]]
[[Kategorie:Alumni van die Universiteit Kaapstad]]
[[Kategorie:Alumni van die Universiteit Cambridge]]
9w02vw0h9rswropf0agpyldsf9wav4y
2024 Meksikostad Grand Prix
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[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{MX-VLAG}} Formula 1 Gran Premio de la Ciudad de México 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez 2015.svg|250px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''Datum'''
| 27 Oktober 2024
|-
| '''Plek'''
|colspan=2| [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez]]
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Voorste wegspringplek
|-
| '''Renjaer'''
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
|-
| '''Tyd'''
|colspan=2| 1:15.946
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Vinnigste ronde
|-
| '''Renjaer'''
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
|-
| '''Tyd'''
|colspan=2| 1:18.336 (ronde 71 van 71)
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| Podiumplekke
|-
| '''1''' || {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] || [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
|-
| '''2''' || {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]] || [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
|-
| '''3''' || {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]] || [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Meksikaanse Grand Prix|Meksikostad Grand Prix]]''' is op [[27 Oktober]] [[2024]] op die [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez]] in [[Meksikostad]], [[Meksiko]] gehou. Dit was die twintigste wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees en die negende keer sedert 2015 wat dit in Meksiko plaasgevind het.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne te Meksiko verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br />Hard C3
| {{spaces|3}}[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br />Medium C4
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br />Sag C5
| {{spaces|1}}[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br />Tussen-in
| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br />{{spaces|3}}Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:17.998
|-
!2
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:18.315
|-
!3
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:18.699
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:18.839
|-
!5
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:18.904
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:17.699
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.877
|-
!3
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:17.878
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:17.887
|-
!5
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.948
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:16.492
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:16.551
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:16.832
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:17.003
|-
!5
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:17.060
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:16.778
| 1:16.515
| '''1:15.946'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:16.803
| 1:16.514
| 1:16.171
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| '''1:16.505'''
| '''1:16.301'''
| 1:16.260
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:16.972
| 1:16.641
| 1:16.265
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:17.194
| 1:16.937
| 1:16.356
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:17.306
| 1:16.973
| 1:16.651
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:17.125
| 1:17.003
| 1:16.886
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:17.149
| 1:17.048
| 1:16.892
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.189
| 1:16.988
| 1:17.065
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:17.186
| 1:16.995
| 1:17.365
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:17.182
| 1:17.129
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:17.162
| 1:17.162
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.307
| 1:17.168
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.407
| 1:17.294
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:17.393
| 1:17.817
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.558
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:17.597
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:17.611
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:17.617
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|Kuipe '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:18.072
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|19
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 1:21.860
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Citeer web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1248/mexico/qualifying |titel=Formula 1 Gran Premio de la Ciudad de México 2024 - Qualifying |uitgewer=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2024-10-26 |bezochtdatum=2024-10-27}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Citeer web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1248/mexico/starting-grid |titel=Formula 1 Formula 1 Gran Premio de la Ciudad de México 2024 – Starting Grid|uitgewer=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2024-10-26 |bezochtdatum=2024-10-27}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Esteban Ocon]] het negentiende gekwalifiseer, maar moes uit die kuipe wegspring omdat daar aan sy motor gewerk is onder Parc fermé toestande.
== Wedren ==
[[Carlos Sainz jr.]] behaal die vierde Grand Prix-oorwinning van sy loopbaan.
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|71
| 1:40:55.800
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|71
| +4.705
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} '''[[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|71
| +34.387
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''16'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!4
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|71
| +44.780
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|71
| +48.536
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} '''[[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|71
| +59.558 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} '''[[Kevin Magnussen]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|71
| +1:03.642
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} '''[[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|71
| +1:04.928
| align=center|17
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} '''[[Nico Hülkenberg]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|70
| +1 ronde
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Pierre Gasly]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|70
| +1 ronde
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|70
| +1 ronde
| align=center|14
|
|-
!12
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|70
| +1 ronde'''*<sup>2</sup>'''
| align=center|16
|
|-
!13
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|70
| +1 ronde
| align=center data-sort-value="20"|Kuipe
|
|-
!14
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|70
| +1 ronde
| align=center|15
|
|-
!15
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|70
| +1 ronde
| align=center|19
|
|-
!16
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|70
| +1 ronde
| align=center|12
|
|-
!17
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|70
| +1 ronde
| align=center|18
|
|-
!data-sort-value=18|DNF
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|15
| Remme
| align=center|13
|
|-
!data-sort-value=19|DNF
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
| Ongeluk
| align=center|9
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|0
| Ongeluk
| align=center|11
|
|-
!colspan=8|Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1248/mexico/race-result.html |titel=Formula 1 Gran Premio de la Ciudad de México 2024 – Race Result|publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-10-27 |accessdate=2024-10-28}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Max Verstappen]] is tweekeer 'n straf van tien sekondes opgelê: eerstens omdat hy buite die baanperke verbygesteek het en tweedens vir die afdruk van [[Lando Norris]] van die baan. Hy het sy 20-sekondestraf tydens 'n vroeë kuipestop uitgedien, maar kon daarna nie weer die voorlopers inhaal nie, en het basies die wedren verloor daaroor.<br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Franco Colapinto]] ontvang 'n tydstraf van tien sekondes vir die veroorsaak van 'n botsing met [[Liam Lawson]].<ref>{{Citeer web|url=https://www.gpfans.com/nl/f1-nieuws/1033571/fia-deelt-straf-uit-na-crash-tussen-colapinto-en-lawson-in-mexico/ |titel=FIA deelt straf uit na crash tussen Colapinto en Lawson in Mexico |website=gpfans.com |datum=2024-10-28}}</ref><br/>
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Charles Leclerc]] teken vir die tiende keer in sy loopbaan 'n vinnigste rondte aan, en verdien daarmee 'n ekstra punt.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! No.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|362
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|315
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|291
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|251
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|240
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|189
|-
!7
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|177
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|150
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|62
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|31
|-
!11
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|22
|-
!13
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|14
|-
!14
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|12
|-
!15
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|12
|-
!16
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|9
|-
!17
| align=center|38/50
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|7
|-
!18
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|5
|-
!19
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|5
|-
!20
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|2
|-
!21
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!22
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!23
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|566
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|537
|-
!3
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|512
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|366
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|86
|-
!6
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|46
|-
!7
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|36
|-
!8
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|17
|-
!9
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|14
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Meksikaanse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Meksiko]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in Meksiko|Formule Een]]
kvjqwzpbo0rxv2jnraipd6750yo0o97
2024 São Paulo Grand Prix
0
420673
2928808
2897093
2026-08-22T09:28:39Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand ná die Grand Prix */
2928808
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{BR-VLAG}} Formula 1 Lenovo<br/>Grande Prêmio de São Paulo 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Autódromo José Carlos Pace (AKA Interlagos) track map.svg|260px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>[[3 November]] [[2024]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Autódromo José Carlos Pace]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]</small>
| <small> [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:23.405</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste rondte</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaar</small>'''
| <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>
| <small>[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]] </small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:20.472 (ronde 62 van 69)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]] </small> || <small> [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]] </small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small>{{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]] </small> || <small> [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small>{{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]</small> || <small> [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[São Paulo Grand Prix]]''' het op [[3 November]] [[2024]] op die [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace]] in [[São Paulo]], [[Brasilië]] plaasvind. Dit was die een-en-twintigste wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
Die São Paulo Grand Prix is die vyfde van ses Grand Prix-naweke vanjaar waarin 'n naelren ("[[Formule Een|sprint]]") gehou is. ’n “Sprint” is amper dieselfde as ’n gewone wedren, met die verskil dat die wedren minder tyd neem. Die afstand van die naelloopren is ongeveer 100 kilometer (30 minute).
Die Grand Prix-naweek het op Vrydag met die vrye oefening van sestig minute begin, gevolg deur die naelrenkwalifisering. Op Saterdag is die sprint gehou. Kwalifisering vir die wegspringrooster (wat uitgestel is weens swaar reën) asook die hoofren is op Sondag gehou.
[[Oliver Bearman]] ([[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]) neem deel in plaas van die siek [[Kevin Magnussen]] tydens die vrye oefening, asook die snelkwalifisering.<ref>{{nl}}{{Citeer web |url=https://www.nu.nl/formule-1/6333869/bearman-vervangt-zieke-magnussen-bij-haas-in-training-en-sprintrace-sao-paulo.html |titel=Bearman vervangt zieke Magnussen bij Haas in training en sprintrace São Paulo |website=nu.nl |datum=2024-11-01}}</ref> Op 1 November na die snelkwalifisering maak Haas bekend dat Bearman die volle naweek Magnussen se plek sal inneem.<ref>{{nl}}{{Citeer web |url=https://www.nu.nl/formule-1/6333934/zieke-magnussen-mist-gp-brazilie-bearman-vervangt-hem-gehele-weekend.html |titel=Zieke Magnussen mist GP Brazilië, Bearman vervangt hem gehele weekend |website=nu.nl |datum=2024-11-01}}</ref>
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] sal die volgende bande in São Paulo verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Interlagos
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Hard C3
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Medium C4
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Sag C5
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#FFDAB9;"
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:10.610
|-
!2
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:10.791
|-
!3
| align=center|50
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:10.805
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:10.950
|-
!5
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:10.955
|}
== Snelkwalifisering ==
Die uitslag bepaal die roosteropstelling vir die naelren op Saterdag.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|Nr.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
!scope=col|SK1
!scope=col|SK2
!scope=col|SK3
|-
!1
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:10.265
| 1:09.239
| '''1:08.899'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| '''1:09.477'''
| '''1:09.063'''
| 1:08.928
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:10.388
| 1:09.248
| 1:09.153
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:10.409
| 1:09.489
| 1:09.219
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:10.503
| 1:09.500
| 1:09.257
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:10.479
| 1:09.683
| 1:09.443
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:10.630
| 1:09.610
| 1:09.622
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:10.576
| 1:09.827
| 1:09.941
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:10.366
| 1:09.844
| 1:10.078
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|50
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:10.442
| 1:09.629
| ''Geen tyd''
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:10.625
| 1:09.941
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:10.466
| 1:09.964
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:10.392
| 1:10.024
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:10.470
| 1:10.275
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:10.861
| 1:10.595
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:10.978
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|Kuipe
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:11.052
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|16
|-
!18
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:11.121
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|17
|-
!19
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:11.280
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|Kuipe
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:12.978
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|Kuipe
|-
!colspan="8"|SK1 107% tyd: 1:14.340
|}
== Naelren ==
=== Naelrenuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|24
| 26:46.045
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|24
| +0.593
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''7'''
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|24
| +5.656
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!4
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|24
| +6.497s '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''5'''
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|24
| +7.224
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!6
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|24
| +12.475
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''3'''
|-
!7
| align=center|10
| '''{{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|24
| +18.161
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|24
| +18.717
| align=center|13
| align=center|'''1'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!9
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|24
| +20.773
| align=center|8
|
|-
!10
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
| +24.606
| align=center|9
|
|-
!11
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|24
| +29.764
| align=center|11
|
|-
!12
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
| +33.233
| align=center|14
|
|-
!13
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|24
| +34.128
| align=center|16
|
|-
!14
| align=center|50
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|24
| +35.507
| align=center|10
|
|-
!15
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|24
| +41.374
| align=center|17
|
|-
!16
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|24
| +43.231
| align=center|15
|
|-
!17
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|24
| +54.139
| align=center|Kuipe
|
|-
!18
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
| +56.537
| align=center|Kuipe
|
|-
!19
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
| +57.983
| align=center|Kuipe
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| Uitlaat
| align=center|12
|
|-
!colspan=8|Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1249/brazil/sprint-results |title=Formula 1 Lenovo Grande Prêmio de São Paulo 2024 – Sprint Results |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-11-02 |accessdate=2024-11-02 }}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Max Verstappen]] het die naelloop in die derde plek voltooi, maar 'n 5-sekonde straf gekry vir hoë spoed onder die virtuele veiligheidsmotorsituasie toe [[Nico Hülkenberg]] se motor langs die baan gestrand was.
== Kwalifisering ==
Kwalifisering sou Saterdagmiddag om 15:00 plaaslike tyd gehou word, maar is uiteindelik uitgestel na 07:30 Sondagoggend weens swaar en langdurige reën om 17:00.<ref>{{nl}} {{Cite web |url=https://www.nu.nl/formule-1/6334028/kwalificatie-gp-sao-paulo-door-aanhoudende-regen-verzet-naar-zondag.html |title=Kwalificatie GP São Paulo door aanhoudende regen verzet naar zondag |website=nu.nl |date=2024-11-02}}</ref>
Die kwalifisering Sondagoggend is in die reën gehou. Gedurende K1 was daar 'n rooivlagsituasie en [[Max Verstappen]] het eerste geëindig terwyl [[Lando Norris]] vyftiende geëindig het en dus net-net daarin geslaag het om aan te beweeg na K2. Tydens K2 was daar eers 'n rooivlagsituasie as gevolg van die ongeluk van [[Carlos Sainz jr.]], later tydens 'n geelvlagsituasie wat veroorsaak is deur die ongeluk van [[Lance Stroll]] het verskeie jaers die wenstreep oorgesteek, insluitend Lando Norris, maar toe Verstappen daar aankom, was daar reeds 'n rooivlagsituasie by die eindpunt, wat beteken het dat hy sy kwalifiserende rondte moes kanselleer en nie 'n vinnige tyd kon opstel nie.<ref>{{nl}} {{Cite web |url=https://www.ad.nl/formule-1/uitslag-kwalificatie-sao-paulo-max-verstappen~ae1db50f/?cb=c1ef97e4-caab-4202-afeb-b812941c28d5&auth_rd=1 |title=Vijf (!) rode vlaggen: Lando Norris profiteert met pole van pech Max Verstappen in chaotische kwalificatie |website=ad.nl |date=2024-11-03}}</ref>
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! K1
! K2
! K3
! Rooster
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.944
| '''1:24.844'''
| '''1:23.405'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:29.121
| 1:26.307
| 1:23.578
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:29.172
| 1:26.464
| 1:24.111
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:29.171
| 1:26.206
| 1:24.475
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:30.758
| 1:25.654
| 1:24.484
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:29.839
| 1:26.097
| 1:24.525
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:29.072
| 1:25.889
| 1:24.657
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.114
| 1:25.179
| 1:24.686
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.207
| 1:25.035
| 1:28.998
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:30.580
| 1:26.334
| data-sort-value="10"| ''Geen tyd''
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:30.633
| 1:26.472
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| '''1:28.552'''
| 1:27.771
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|17 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
!13
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:30.035
| 1:28.158
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|12
|-
!14
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:30.303
| 1:29.406
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|Kuipe '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
|-
!15
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:29.420
| 1:29.614
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|13
|-
!16
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:31.150
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|14
|-
!17
| align=center|50
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:31.229
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|15
|-
!18
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:31.270
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|16
|-
!19
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:31.623
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:32.263
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|20
|-
!colspan="8"|K1 107% tyd: 1:34.750
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1249/brazil/qualifying |title=Formula 1 Lenovo Grande Prêmio de São Paulo 2024 – Qualifying |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-11-03 |accessdate=2024-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1249/brazil/starting-grid |title=Formula 1 Lenovo Grande Prêmio de São Paulo 2024 – Starting Grid|publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-11-03 |accessdate=2024-11-03}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Max Verstappen]] ontvang 'n roosterstraf van vyf plekke weens die vervanging van sy verbrandingsenjin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nu.nl/formule-1/6333749/verstappen-krijgt-in-sao-paulo-vijf-plaatsen-gridstraf-vanwege-motorwissel.html |title=Verstappen krijgt in São Paulo vijf plaatsen gridstraf vanwege motorwissel |website=nu.nl |date=2024-11-01}}</ref><br>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Carlos Sainz jr.]] het veertiende gekwalifiseer, maar moes uit die kuipe wegspring omdat daar aan sy motor gewerk is onder Parc fermé toestande.
== Wedren ==
Die wedren sou normaalweg om 14:00 plaaslike tyd begin, maar is deur die FIA vervroeg na 12:30 as gevolg van swaar reën wat later die middag verwag is.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ad.nl/formule-1/kwalificatie-brazilie-valt-in-het-water-fia-gooit-zondagprogramma-op-de-schop-en-haalt-race-naar-voren~ad040e45/ |title=Kwalificatie Brazilië valt in het water, FIA gooit zondagprogramma op de schop en haalt race naar voren |website=ad.nl |date=2024-11-02}}</ref><br/>
[[Max Verstappen]] het die twee-en-sestigste Grand Prix-oorwinning van sy loopbaan behaal.
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|69
| 2:06:54.430
| align=center|17
| align=center|'''26'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!2
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Esteban Ocon]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|69
| +19.477
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Pierre Gasly]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|69
| +22.532
| align=center|13
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|69
| +23.265
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|69
| +30.177
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|69
| +31.273
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|22
| '''{{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]'''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|69
| +42.056
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|69
| +44.943 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|30
| '''{{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]] '''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|69
| +50.452
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|69
| +50.753
| align=center|14
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|69
| +51.531
| align=center|12
|
|-
!12
| align=center|50
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|69
| +57.085
| align=center|15
|
|-
!13
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|69
| +1:03.588
| align=center|11
|
|-
!14
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|69
| +1:18.049
| align=center|9
|
|-
!15
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|69
| +1:19.649
| align=center|20
|
|-
!16
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|38
| Ongeluk
| align=center|Kuipe
|
|-
!17
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|30
| Ongeluk
| align=center|16
|
|-
!data-sort-value=18|DNS
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
| Skade met kwalifisering
| align=center|− '''*<sup>2</sup>'''
|
|-
!data-sort-value=19|DNS
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
| Ongeluk
| align=center|− '''*<sup>3</sup>'''
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DSQ
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|30
| Swartvlag '''*<sup>4</sup>'''
| align=center|19
|
|-
!colspan=8|Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1249/brazil/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Lenovo Grande Prêmio de São Paulo 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-11-03 }}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Max Verstappen]] teken vir die 33ste keer in sy loopbaan die vinnigste rondte aan, en verdien daarmee 'n ekstra punt.<br/>
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Oscar Piastri]] het die wedren in die sewende plek voltooi, maar is 'n straf van tien sekondes opgelê omdat hy 'n botsing met [[Liam Lawson]] veroorsaak het.<br/>
'''*<sup>2</sup>''' [[Alexander Albon]] het nie die wedren begin nie. Die werktuigkundiges het nie genoeg tyd gehad om sy motor te herstel nie nadat Albon se motor tydens die kwalifisering in die bandheining beland het. Sy plek op die rooster het leeg gebly.<br/>
'''*<sup>3</sup>''' [[Lance Stroll]] het tiende gekwalifiseer, maar nie die wedren begin nie nadat hy op die opwarmrondte van die baan afgegly het. Sy plek op die rooster het leeg gebly.<br/>
'''*<sup>4</sup>''' [[Nico Hülkenberg]] is gediskwalifiseer nadat hy hulp van die beamptes ontvang het om weer op dreef te kom ná 'n tolslag in draai 1.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! No.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|393
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|331
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|307
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|262
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|244
|-
!6
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|192
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|190
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|151
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|62
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|31
|-
!11
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|28
|-
!12
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|26
|-
!13
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
|-
!14
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|23
|-
!15
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|14
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|12
|-
!17
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|12
|-
!18
| align=center|38/50
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|7
|-
!19
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|5
|-
!20
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|4
|-
!21
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!22
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!23
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|593
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|557
|-
!3
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|544
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|382
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|86
|-
!6
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|49
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|46
|-
!8
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|44
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|17
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Brasiliaanse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Brasilië]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in Brasilië|Formule Een]]
gw3sz3h5c3zge78z68hpd4h5ohg691y
2024 Las Vegas Grand Prix
0
420762
2928807
2897095
2026-08-22T09:27:56Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928807
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{VS-VLAG}} Formula 1 Heineken Silver<br/>Las Vegas Grand Prix 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:2023 Las Vegas street circuit.svg|260px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>23 November 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Las Vegas Straatrenbaan]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]</small>
| <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:32.312</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste ronde</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]</small>
| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:34.876 (ronde 50 van 50)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]</small> || <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]</small> || <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small>{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]</small> || <small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Las Vegas Grand Prix]]''' is op [[23 November]] [[2024]] op die [[Las Vegas Straatrenbaan]] in [[Las Vegas]], [[Verenigde State van Amerika]] gehou. Dit was die twee-en-twintigste wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen gewees.
Ná die wedren word [[Max Verstappen]] vir die vierde jaar na mekaar as wêreldkampioen gekroon.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne te Las Vegas verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Hard C3
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Medium C4
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Sag C5
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 1
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:35.001
|-
!2
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:35.397
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:35.954
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:36.007
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:36.038
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 2
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:33.825
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:33.836
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:34.015
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:34.105
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:34.313
|-style="border-top:2px solid #808080"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening 3
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:33.570
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:33.785
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:33.918
|-
!4
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:34.008
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:34.137
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|No.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
! K1
! K2
! K3
|-
!1
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| '''1:33.186'''
| 1:32.779
| '''1:32.312'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:33.484
| 1:32.711
| 1:32.410
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:33.691
| 1:32.897
| 1:32.664
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:33.446
| 1:33.016
| 1:32.783
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:33.299
| 1:33.085
| 1:32.797
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:33.592
| 1:33.099
| 1:33.008
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:33.789
| 1:33.089
| 1:33.029
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:33.450
| 1:33.024
| 1:33.033
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:33.920
| 1:33.114
| 1:33.062
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:33.225
| '''1:32.567'''
| 1:48.106
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:33.968
| 1:33.221
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:33.991
| 1:33.297
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:34.079
| 1:33.566
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:33.746
| 1:33.749
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|Kuipe
|-
!15
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:34.087
| 1:34.257
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|14
|-
!16
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:34.155
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|15
|-
!17
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:34.258
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|16
|-
!18
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:34.425
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|17
|-
!19
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:34.430
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19 '''*<sup>1</sup>'''
|-
!20
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:34.484
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|18
|-
!colspan=8|K1 107% tyd: 1:39.709
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Citeer web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1250/las-vegas/qualifying.html |titel=Formula 1 Heineken Silver Las Vegas Grand Prix 2024 – Qualifying |uitgewer=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2024-11-22 |bezochtdatum=2024-11-23}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Citeer web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1250/las-vegas/starting-grid |titel=Formula 1 Heineken Silver Las Vegas Grand Prix 2024 – Starting Grid|uitgewer=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2024-11-22 |bezochtdatum=2024-11-23}}</ref>
|}
'''*<sup>1</sup>''' [[Valtteri Bottas]] ontvang 'n roosterstraf van vyf plekke weens die vervanging van 'n vierde battery, die sogenaamde ''energy store'', hierdie seisoen.<ref>{{nl}}{{Citeer web|url=https://www.gptoday.net/nl/nieuws/f1/284545/bottas-krijgt-gridstraf-voor-gp-las-vegas |titel=Bottas krijgt gridstraf voor GP Las Vegas |website=gptoday.net |datum=2024-11-22 |bezochtdatum=2024-11-23}}</ref>
== Wedren ==
[[George Russell]] in 'n [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]] behaal die derde Grand Prix-oorwinning van sy loopbaan.
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|50
| 1:22:05.969
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|50
| +7.313
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|50
| +11.906
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|50
| +14.283
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|50
| +16.582
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|50
| +43.385
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''9'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!7
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|50
| +51.365
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|27
| '''{{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|50
| +59.808
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|22
| '''{{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]'''
| '''[[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|50
| +1:02.808
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|11
| '''{{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|50
| +1:03.114
| align=center|16
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|50
| +1:09.195
| align=center|17
|
|-
!12
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|50
| +1:09.803
| align=center|12
|
|-
!13
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|50
| +1:14.085
| align=center|13
|
|-
!14
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|50
| +1:15.172
| align=center|Kuipe
|
|-
!15
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|50
| +1:24.102
| align=center|18
|
|-
!16
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|50
| +1:31.005
| align=center|14
|
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|49
| +1 ronde
| align=center|11
|
|-
!18
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|49
| +1 ronde
| align=center|19
|
|-
!data-sort-value=19|DNF
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|25
| Verkoeler
| align=center|18
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|15
| Enjin
| align=center|3
|
|-
!colspan=8|Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1250/las-vegas/race-result.html |title=Formula 1 Heineken Silver Las Vegas Grand Prix 2024 – Race Result |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-11-24}}</ref>
|}
{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}} [[Lando Norris]] teken vir die elfde keer in sy loopbaan 'n vinnigste rondte aan, en verdien daarmee 'n ekstra punt.
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|403
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|340
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|319
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|268
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|259
|-
!6
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|217
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|208
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|152
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|62
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|35
|-
!11
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|30
|-
!12
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|26
|-
!13
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
|-
!14
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|23
|-
!15
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|14
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|12
|-
!17
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|12
|-
!18
| align=center|38/50
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|7
|-
!19
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|5
|-
!20
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|4
|-
!21
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!22
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|-
!23
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|608
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|584
|-
!3
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|555
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|425
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|86
|-
!6
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|50
|-
!7
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|49
|-
!8
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|46
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|17
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Las Vegas Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in die Verenigde State van Amerika|Formule Een]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Verenigde State]]
j24nzwcjvjghs3u304cq3opv737ukjs
2024 Katarse Grand Prix
0
421523
2928806
2897097
2026-08-22T09:27:42Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Puntestand na die Grand Prix */
2928806
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 22em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|QAT}} Formula 1 Qatar Airways<br/> Qatar Grand Prix 2024
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Losail.svg|250px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>1 Desember 2024</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Losail Internasionale Renbaan]], naby [[Doha]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]</small>
| <small>[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:20.575</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste ronde</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small>{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]</small>
| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>1:22.384 (ronde 56 van 57)</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podium</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small>{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]</small>|| <small>[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small>{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]</small>|| <small>[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]</small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small>{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]</small>|| <small>[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]</small>
|}
Die '''[[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 Formule Een]] [[Katarse Grand Prix]]''' is op 1 Desember 2024 op die [[Losail Internasionale Renbaan]] gehou. Dit was die derde uitgawe van die Grand Prix van Katar en die drie-en-twintigste wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen.
Die Katarse Grand Prix was die sesde en laaste GP-naweek vanjaar waarin 'n "[[Formule Een|Sprint]]" gehou is. ’n “Sprint” is amper dieselfde as ’n gewone wedren, met die verskil dat die wedren minder tyd neem. Die afstand van die naelloopren is ongeveer 100 kilometer (30 minute).
Die Grand Prix-naweek het op Vrydag met die vrye oefening van sestig minute begin, gevolg deur die snelkwalifisering. Op Saterdag is die sprint gehou, gevolg deur die kwalifisering wat die wegspringrooster vir die hoofren op Sondag (insluitend moontlike roosterstrawwe) bepaal het en ook watter jaer die eer verdien om heel voor weg te spring.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande in Katar verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Losail
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br/>Hard C1
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br/>Medium C2
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br/>Sag C3
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br/>Tussen-in
|align=center|[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br/>Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
|- style="vertical-align:top; background:#FFDAB9;"
|-
!1
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:21.953
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:22.378
|-
!3
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:22.425
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:22.535
|-
!5
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:23.045
|}
== Snelkwalifisering ==
Die uitslag bepaal die roosteropstelling vir die naelren op Saterdag.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan=2|Pos.
!rowspan=2|Nr.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
!scope=col|SK1
!scope=col|SK2
!scope=col|SK3
|-
!1
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| '''1:21.356'''
| '''1:21.231'''
| '''1:21.012'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:22.021
| 1:21.488
| 1:21.075
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:22.218
| 1:21.548
| 1:21.171
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:21.838
| 1:21.809
| 1:21.281
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:22.156
| 1:21.818
| 1:21.308
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:22.033
| 1:21.784
| 1:21.315
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:22.151
| 1:21.734
| 1:21.474
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:22.586
| 1:22.352
| 1:21.978
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:22.569
| 1:22.318
| 1:22.088
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:22.705
| 1:22.393
| 1:22.577
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:22.499
| 1:22.433
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| data-sort-value=1:22.706|1:22.705
| 1:22.526
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:22.506
| 1:22.538
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:22.522
| 1:22.599
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:22.560
| 1:22.738
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:22.718
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|Kuipe
|-
!17
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:22.722
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|16
|-
!18
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:22.906
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|17
|-
!19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:22.948
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|18
|-
!20
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:23.423
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|Kuipe
|-
!colspan="8"|SK1 107% tyd: 1:27.050<br/>Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1251/qatar/sprint-qualifying |title=Formule 1 Qatar Airways Qatar Grand Prix 2024 – Sprint Qualifying |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-11-29}}</ref>
|}
== Naelren ==
=== Naelrenuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|19
| 27:03.010
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|19
| +0.136
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''7'''
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|19
| +0.410
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!4
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|19
| +1.326
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''5'''
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|19
| +5.073
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''4'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|19
| +5.650
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''3'''
|-
!7
| align=center|27
| '''{{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|19
| +8.508
| align=center|9
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!8
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|19
| +10.368
| align=center|6
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!9
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|19
| +14.513
| align=center|8
|
|-
!10
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| +15.485
| align=center|15
|
|-
!11
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +19.204
| align=center|11
|
|-
!12
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| +23.351
| align=center|13
|
|-
!13
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +24.421
| align=center|14
|
|-
!14
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|19
| +30.379
| align=center|18
|
|-
!15
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +33.062
| align=center|12
|
|-
!16
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|19
| +34.356
| align=center|10
|
|-
!17
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|19
| +35.102
| align=center|17
|
|-
!18
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
| +35.639
| align=center data-sort-value="22"|Kuipe
|
|-
!19
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|19
| +1:11.436
| align=center|19
|
|-
!20
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|19
| +1:14.371
| align=center data-sort-value="21"|Kuipe
|
|-
!colspan=8|Bron: ''formula1.com'' <ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1251/qatar/sprint-results |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways Qatar Grand Prix 2024 – Sprint Results |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-11-30 |access-date=2024-11-30}}</ref>
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
[[Max Verstappen]] se tyd het hom die voorste wegspringplek verseker. Die Nederlander is egter ure later 'n eenplek-roosterstraf opgelê omdat hy volgens die FIA-beamptes onnodig stadig gery het in die K3-kwalifisering en sodoende [[George Russell]] belemmer het. Hierdie straf is baie ongewoon omdat Verstappen en Russell beide nie op 'n vinnige rondte was nie en dit word gewoonlik slegs met 'n berisping bestraf. Russell word hiermee die vyfde voorste wegspringplek in sy loopbaan toegeken.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! K1
! K2
! K3
! Rooster
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:21.579
| '''1:20.687'''
| '''1:20.520'''
| align=center|2
|-
!2
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| '''1:21.241'''
| 1:21.069
| 1:20.575
| align=center|1
|-
!3
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:21.578
| 1:20.983
| 1:20.772
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:21.821
| 1:21.121
| 1:20.829
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:21.278
| 1:21.000
| 1:20.852
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:21.637
| 1:21.095
| 1:21.011
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:21.447
| 1:21.199
| 1:21.041
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:21.608
| 1:21.208
| 1:21.251
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:21.675
| 1:21.425
| 1:21.425
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:21.891
| 1:21.387
| 1:21.500
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:21.843
| 1:21.437
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="11"|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:22.103
| 1:21.501
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="12"|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:22.927
| 1:21.731
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="13"|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:22.364
| 1:21.771
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="14"|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:22.011
| 1:21.911
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="15"|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:22.390
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="16"|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| 1:22.411
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="17"|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:22.442
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="18"|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:22.594
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="19"|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| 1:22.714
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value="20"|
| align=center|20
|-
!colspan="8"|K1 107% tyd: 1:26.927
|-
!colspan="8"|Bron: ''formula1.com''<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results.html/2024/races/1251/qatar/qualifying.html |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways Qatar Grand Prix 2024 – Qualifying |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-11-30 |access-date=2024-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2024/races/1251/qatar/starting-grid |title=Formula 1 Qatar Airways Qatar Grand Prix 2024 – Starting Grid|publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |date=2024-11-30 |access-date=2024-11-30}}</ref>
|}
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Pos
! No
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| '''[[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]'''
| align=center|57
| 1:31:05.323
| align=center|2
| align=center|'''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|16
| '''{{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|57
| +6.031
| align=center|5
| align=center|'''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|81
| '''{{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|57
| +6.819
| align=center|4
| align=center|'''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|63
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]'''
| '''[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]'''
| align=center|57
| +14.104
| align=center|1
| align=center|'''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|10
| '''{{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]'''
| '''[[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]'''
| align=center|57
| +16.782
| align=center|11
| align=center|'''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|55
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|57
| +17.476
| align=center|7
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|14
| '''{{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]'''
| '''[[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|57
| +19.867
| align=center|8
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|24
| '''{{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]'''
| '''[[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|57
| +25.360
| align=center|12
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|20
| '''{{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]'''
| '''[[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]'''
| align=center|57
| +32.177
| align=center|10
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|4
| '''{{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]'''
| align=center|57
| +35.762
| align=center|3
| align=center|'''2'''{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|-
!11
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|57
| +50.243
| align=center|13
|
|-
!12
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|57
| +56.122
| align=center|6
|
|-
!13
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|57
| +1:01.100
| align=center|14
|
|-
!14
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|57
| +1:02.656
| align=center|17
|
|-
!15
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|56
| +1 ronde
| align=center|16
|
|-
!data-sort-value=16|DNF
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|39
| Tol
| align=center|18
|
|-
!data-sort-value=17|DNF
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|38
| Koppelaar
| align=center|9
|
|-
!data-sort-value=18|DNF
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|8
| Botsingskade
| align=center|15
|
|-
!data-sort-value=20|DNF
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
| ongeluk
| align=center|19
|
|-
!data-sort-value=19|DNF
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|0
| ongeluk
| align=center|20
|
|}
== Puntestand ná die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|1
| '''{{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]'''
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|429
|-
!2
| align=center|4
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|349
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|341
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|291
|-
!5
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|272
|-
!6
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|235
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|211
|-
!8
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|152
|-
!9
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|68
|-
!10
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|37
|-
!11
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|36
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|30
|-
!13
| align=center|10
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|24
|-
!14
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|23
|-
!15
| align=center|20
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|16
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|12
|-
!17
| align=center|3
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|12
|-
!18
| align=center|38/50
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|7
|-
!19
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|5
|-
!20
| align=center|24
| {{CN-VLAG}} [[Zhou Guanyu]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|4
|-
!21
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Honda]] [[Red Bull Powertrains|RBPT]]
| align=center|4
|-
!22
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!23
| align=center|2
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Logan Sargeant]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Plek
! Span
! Punte
|-
!1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|640
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|619
|-
!3
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|581
|-
!4
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|446
|-
!5
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|92
|-
!6
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Renault]]
| align=center|59
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|54
|-
!8
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[RB F1-span|RB]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Honda RBPT]]
| align=center|46
|-
!9
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|17
|-
!10
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Sauber|Kick Sauber]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|4
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Katarse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2024|Katar]]
cdhqrak5zozrrro49ytgenhgh1nmasc
Kimi Antonelli
0
421569
2928655
2919506
2026-08-21T12:24:21Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Formule 1-uitslae */
2928655
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas renjaer
| name = Andrea Kimi Antonelli
| image = Kimi Antonelli at the 2025 US Grand Prix in Austin, TX (cropped).jpg
| caption = Antonelli in 2025
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2006|8|25|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bologna]], [[Emilia-Romagna]], Italië
| nationality = {{vlagikoon|ITA}} [[Italië|Italianer]]
| signature = [[Lêer:Andrea Kimi Antonelli Signature.png|120px]]
| 2026 Team = [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]<ref name="signing"/>
| Car number = 12
| Races = {{F1stat|ANT|entries}} ({{F1stat|ANT|starts}} begin)
| Championships = 0
| Wins = {{F1stat|ANT|wins}}
| Podiums = {{F1stat|ANT|podiums}}
| Points = {{F1stat|ANT|careerpoints}}
| Poles = {{F1stat|ANT|poles}}
| Fastest laps = {{F1stat|ANT|fastestlaps}}
| First race = [[2025 Australiese Grand Prix]]
| First win = [[2026 Chinese Grand Prix]]
| Last win = [[2026 Belgiese Grand Prix]]
| Last race = {{laaste F1GP}}
| Last season = 2025
| Last position = 7de (150 punte)
}}
[[Lêer:F4 Germany 2022 Spa Podium Race 1 (1) (cropped).jpg|duimnael|Antonelli lig sy trofee omhoog na hy die 2022 ADAC F4-kampioenskap by Spa-Francorchamps gewen het]]
'''Andrea Kimi Antonelli''' (gebore 25 Augustus 2006) is 'n jong Italiaanse renjaer wat sedert 2025 vir die [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]] aan [[Formule Een]]renne deelneem.<ref name="signing"/> Hy het tot einde-2024 vir Prema aan die FIA Formule 2-kampioenskap deelgeneem.
Antonelli is gebore en getoë in [[Bologna]], as die seun van die renjaer Marco Antonelli. Na 'n suksesvolle kartingloopbaan, met opeenvolgende oorwinnings by die direk-aangedrewe Karting Europese Kampioenskap in 2020 en 2021 opgelewer het,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tkart.it/en/news/events/fia-karting-world-championship-kz-kristianstad-final-a-tony-kart-one-two-milell-is-world-champion|title=FIA Karting World Championship KZ, Kristianstad: Final - A Tony Kart one-two: Milell is world champion|date=5 September 2021|website=TKART - News, tips, tech about karting|language=en|access-date=23 November 2024}}</ref> het Antonelli dadelik na die junior formules gevorder.
Hy het sy eerste titel by die 2022 Italiaanse F4-kampioenskap met Prema gewen, en het daarna die ADAC F4-kampioenskap in 2022 en die Formule Streeks-Europese Kampioenskap in 2023 met Prema gewen, sowel as die Formule Streeks Midde-Ooste-kampioenskap in 2023 met Mumbai Falcons. Hy het ook 'n goue medalje by die 2022 FIA Motorsportspele gewen, waar hy Italië verteenwoordig het. Antonelli het in 2024 tot Formule 2 gevorder en twee wedrenne in sy nuwelingseisoen gewen.<ref name="HungaryF2Win">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/IIwHDVzQIffSn0iruCRER/feature-race-antonelli-charges-through-to-take-second-victory-of-the-season|title=FEATURE RACE: Antonelli charges through to take second victory of the season in Budapest|date=21 July 2024|website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website|language=en|access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.racefans.net/2024/07/06/antonellis-lack-of-f2-results-not-a-concern-for-mercedes/|title=Antonelli's lack of F2 results not a concern for Mercedes|last=Collantine|first=Keith|date=6 July 2024|website=RaceFans|language=en|access-date=23 November 2024}}</ref>
Antonelli het as 'n lid van die Mercedes Junior-span sedert 2018, sy vrye oefenbuiging in Formule Een by die [[2024 Italiaanse Grand Prix]] gemaak. Hy jaag in 2025 vir [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes-AMG]] op 'n eenjaarkontrak,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grandprix.com/news/wolff-admits-antonelli-russell-only-guaranteed-2025-seats.html|title=Wolff admits Antonelli, Russell, only guaranteed 2025 seats|website=www.grandprix.com|access-date=23 November 2024|language=en}}</ref> en vervang [[Lewis Hamilton]] as spanlid van [[George Russell]].<ref name="signing">{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/breaking-kimi-antonelli-confirmed-as-lewis-hamiltons-replacement-with.2TeU01Qm9BjQUlBjl9jBTm|title=Antonelli confirmed as Hamilton’s replacement with Mercedes looking ahead to ‘next chapter’|date=31 August 2024|website=Formula 1|access-date=31 August 2024|language=en}}</ref>
== Vroeë lewe ==
Andrea Kimi Antonelli is op 25 Augustus 2006 in [[Bologna]], [[Emilia-Romagna]], Italië gebore.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/drivers/junior-driver/andrea-kimi-antonelli|title=Andrea Kimi Antonelli - Junior Driver|website=Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team|access-date=2024-02-02|language=en|archive-date=2024-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429180737/https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/drivers/junior-driver/andrea-kimi-antonelli|url-status=dead}}</ref> Sy vader Marco is 'n voormalige renjaer, en ook die eienaar van die AKM Motorsportspan wat in die Italiaanse F4-kampioenskap meeding.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kartxpress.com/ReadMore/team-akm-motorsport-by-antonelli-is-born-partnership-with-kart-republic-of-dino-chiesa|title=Team AKM Motorsport by Antonelli is born: partnership with Kart Republic of Dino Chiesa|website=KartXpress|language=en|access-date=2022-05-06}}</ref> Antonelli kry sy middelnaam van [[Kimi Räikkönen]], die 2007 Formule Een Wêreldkampioen, wat deur 'n familievriend aan sy pa gegee is, wat wou hê dat sy seun 'n vreemde naam na 'Andrea' moes hê.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autobild.de/artikel/kimi-antonelli-laesst-italiener-traeumen-25055827.html|title=Kimi Antonelli lässt Tifosi träumen: Hoffen auf den neuen Kimi - AUTO BILD|website=autobild.de|language=de|access-date=2024-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.speedweek.com/formel1/news/217164/Kimi-Antonelli-(Italien)-Lieber-Mercedes-als-Ferrari.html?lang=en|title=Kimi Antonelli (Italy): Better Mercedes than Ferrari|website=www.speedweek.com|access-date=2024-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://it.motorsport.com/formula4/news/f4-antonelli-credo-in-mercedes-con-loro-arrivero-in-vetta/10386719/|title=F4 {{!}} Antonelli: "Credo in Mercedes, con Loro Arriverò in Vetta"|last=Di Marco|first=Marco|date=20 October 2022|website=Motorsport|language=it|access-date=8 July 2024}}</ref> Op 'n jong ouderdom het Antonelli ITCS Gaetano Salvemini in Casalecchio di Reno bygewoon en geleer om vlot Engels te praat tydens sy reise na wedrenne.
== Formule 1-loopbaan ==
In April 2019 het [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]] aangekondig dat Antonelli by hul Juniorspan aangesluit het. Op 17–18 April 2024 het Antonelli sy eerste tweedaagse toets met die span afgelê, waar hy die W12 by die [[Red Bull Ring]] bestuur het; hy het verdere privaattoetse in die W13 by [[Enzo en Dino Ferrari-renbaan|Imola]], [[Silverstone-renbaan|Silverstone]], [[Barcelona-Catalunya-renbaan|Barcelona-Catalunya]] en [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]] voltooi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5738215/2024/09/02/who-is-andrea-kimi-antonelli-mercedes-f1/|title=Mercedes F1's Andrea Kimi Antonelli prepares to succeed, not replace, Lewis Hamilton|last=Coleman|first=Madeline|date=2 September 2024|work=The Athletic|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=18 March 2025|issn=1553-8095|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323044124/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5738215/2024/09/02/who-is-andrea-kimi-antonelli-mercedes-f1/|archive-date=23 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Na aanleiding van 'n nuwe reël wat bestuurders weer toegelaat het om 'n FIA Superlisensie op die jong ouderdom van 17 te bekom,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/how-a-rule-tweak-could-allow-antonelli-to-make-his-f1-race-weekend-debut.6Ct8eeSKps47JRgTnqHUS3|title=How a rule tweak could allow Antonelli to make his F1 race weekend debut as early as the Spanish Grand Prix|last=Barretto|first=Lawrence|date=14 June 2024|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214222547/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/how-a-rule-tweak-could-allow-antonelli-to-make-his-f1-race-weekend-debut.6Ct8eeSKps47JRgTnqHUS3|archive-date=14 December 2024|access-date=5 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/f1-kimi-antonelli-williams-fia-mercedes-hamilton-b2562652.html|title=FIA opens door for Kimi Antonelli's promotion to F1 before 18th birthday|last=Jackson|first=Kieran|date=14 June 2024|website=The Independent|access-date=10 December 2024|issn=1741-9743|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002191258/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/f1-kimi-antonelli-williams-fia-mercedes-hamilton-b2562652.html|archive-date=2 October 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> was daar gerugte dat Antonelli [[Logan Sargeant]] by [[Williams Grand Prix Engineering|Williams]] halfpad deur die [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024 seisoen]] sou vervang;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/sargeant-out-antonelli-in-whats-going-on-with-mooted-williams-driver-switch/|title=Sargeant out? What's going on with mooted mid-season F1 swap|last=Mitchell-Malm|first=Scott|date=3 May 2024|website=The Race|publisher=The Race Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204092021/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/sargeant-out-antonelli-in-whats-going-on-with-mooted-williams-driver-switch/|archive-date=4 December 2024|access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref> Mercedes het egter die skuif ontken en eerder [[Mick Schumacher]] vir die posisie aanbeveel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/mercedes-shuts-down-early-antonelli-f1-move-it-is-not-going-to-happen/10606571/|title=Mercedes shuts down early Antonelli F1 move: 'It is not going to happen'|last=Cleeren|first=Filip|date=4 May 2024|website=Motorsport.com|publisher=Motorsport Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601080749/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/mercedes-shuts-down-early-antonelli-f1-move-it-is-not-going-to-happen/10606571/|archive-date=1 June 2024|access-date=9 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/we-havent-seen-the-real-mick-wolff-insists-schumacher-deserves-potential.4mKw9fVyYLH01JBB4XTwzm|title=We haven't seen the real Mick' – Wolff insists Schumacher 'deserves' potential Williams chance amid Sargeant speculation|date=26 August 2024|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241121090035/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/we-havent-seen-the-real-mick-wolff-insists-schumacher-deserves-potential.4mKw9fVyYLH01JBB4XTwzm|archive-date=21 November 2024|access-date=27 August 2024}}</ref>
Antonelli het sy vrye-oefendebuut by die [[2024 Italiaanse Grand Prix]] gemaak, waar hy aan die eerste sessie in [[George Russell]] se W15 deelgeneem het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/antonelli-to-make-f1-weekend-debut-at-monza-as-mercedes-confirm-fp1-outing.4hPO8isg3DfimnXDiycK8m|title=Antonelli to make F1 weekend debut at Monza as Mercedes confirm FP1 outing for junior star|date=25 August 2024|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241123153610/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/antonelli-to-make-f1-weekend-debut-at-monza-as-mercedes-confirm-fp1-outing.4hPO8isg3DfimnXDiycK8m|archive-date=23 November 2024|access-date=25 August 2024}}</ref> Hy het die vinnigste rondtetyd opgestel voordat hy 10 minute in die sessie by die [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|''Curva Alboreto'']]-draai getol het,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/antonelli-crashes-early-on-mercedes-f1-debut-in-italian-gp-fp1/10649173/|title=Antonelli crashes early on Mercedes F1 debut in Italian GP FP1|last=Mann-Bryans|first=Mark|date=30 August 2024|website=Autosport|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908155103/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/antonelli-crashes-early-on-mercedes-f1-debut-in-italian-gp-fp1/10649173/|archive-date=8 September 2024|access-date=9 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/kimi-antonelli-crash-mercedes-monza-b2604446.html|title=Kimi Antonelli crashes after just 10 minutes of first F1 session for Mercedes at Monza|last=Jackson|first=Kieran|date=30 August 2024|website=[[The Independent]]|access-date=10 December 2024|issn=1741-9743|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002191351/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/kimi-antonelli-crash-mercedes-monza-b2604446.html|archive-date=2 October 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> en teen die bandversperring gebots het teen 52 g krag.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/cy0n321dg82o|title=Hamilton sets pace after Antonelli crashes on debut|date=30 August 2024|first=Andrew|last=Benson|work=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=10 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913034801/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/formula1/articles/cy0n321dg82o|archive-date=13 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TG20242">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2024/08/31/andrea-kimi-antonelli-mercedes-new-driver-lewis-hamilton/|title=Teenage star Andrea Kimi Antonelli: The new Mercedes driver with talent to emulate Lewis Hamilton|date=31 August 2024|first=Tom|last=Cary|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|access-date=10 December 2024|issn=0307-1235|url-access=registration|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219120934/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/formula-1/2024/08/31/andrea-kimi-antonelli-mercedes-new-driver-lewis-hamilton/|archive-date=19 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Toto Wolff het Antonelli se aksies na die ongeluk verdedig,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/wolff-backs-antonelli-after-crash-on-mercedes-debut/10649283/ |title=Wolff backs Antonelli after crash on Mercedes FP1 debut |website=[[Autosport]] |publisher=Motorsport Network |date=30 August 2024 |first=Mark |last=Mann-Bryans |access-date=10 December 2024 |issn=0269-946X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909005518/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/wolff-backs-antonelli-after-crash-on-mercedes-debut/10649283/ |archive-date=9 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> terwyl Mark Hughes van ''Motor Sport'' sy vrye oefendebuut met die van Tazio Nuvolari vergelyk het,<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/antonelli-was-breathtaking-before-crash-like-another-monza-gp-debut-99-years-ago/ |url-access=registration |title=Antonelli was breathtaking before crash — like another Monza GP debut 99 years ago |magazine=Motor Sport (tydskrif) |issn=0027-2019 |first=Hughes |last=Mark |date=4 September 2024 |access-date=10 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907033059/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/antonelli-was-breathtaking-before-crash-like-another-monza-gp-debut-99-years-ago/ |archive-date=7 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> waar hy twaalfde geëindig het nadat sy sessie weer voortydig beëindig is—deurdat hy vloerskade opgedoen het terwyl hy oor 'n stuk puin gery het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/news/mexico-city-gp-a-disrupted-friday-for-the-team|title=Mexico City GP: A Disrupted Friday for the Team|date=25 October 2024|website=[[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span]]|publisher=Mercedes-Benz Groep|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221220405/https://www.mercedesamgf1.com/news/mexico-city-gp-a-disrupted-friday-for-the-team|archive-date=21 December 2024|access-date=2 November 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/antonelli-much-calmer-on-second-mercedes-outing-in-mexico/10667043/|title=Antonelli "much calmer" on second Mercedes FP1 outing in Mexico|last=Cleeren|first=Filip|date=26 October 2024|website=Motorsport.com|publisher=Motorsport Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213193408/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/antonelli-much-calmer-on-second-mercedes-outing-in-mexico/10667043/|archive-date=13 December 2024|access-date=9 December 2024}}</ref> Hy het langs Russell in die na-seisoen-toets by [[Yas Marina-renbaan|Yas Marina]] deelgeneem,<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/who-is-driving-in-abu-dhabis-post-season-f1-test-sainz-spotted-in-williams/|url-access=registration|title=Who is driving in Abu Dhabi's post-season F1 test? Sainz spotted in Williams|magazine=Motor Sport (tydskrif)|issn=0027-2019|first=Cambridge|last=Kisby|date=9 December 2024|access-date=9 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213114052/https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/single-seaters/f1/who-is-driving-in-abu-dhabis-post-season-f1-test-sainz-spotted-in-williams/|archive-date=13 December 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> 62 rondtes voltooi en die vyfde vinnigste tyd opgestel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-abu-dhabi-test-report/10681366/|title=F1 Abu Dhabi post-season test: Leclerc heads Sainz to close out 2024|last=Cleeren|first=Filip|date=10 December 2024|website=Autosport|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213142401/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/f1-abu-dhabi-test-report/10681366/|archive-date=13 December 2024|access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref> Hy het hierna 'n tweedaagse toets in die Mercedes W11 by [[Jerez-renbaan|Jerez]] voltooi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/kimi-antonelli-mercedes-2020-car-jerez-test-explained/|title=Why Mercedes is dusting off a 2020 F1 car for Antonelli|last=Noble|first=Jon|date=13 January 2025|website=The Race|publisher=The Race Media|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250116134120/https://www.the-race.com/formula-1/kimi-antonelli-mercedes-2020-car-jerez-test-explained/|archive-date=16 January 2025|access-date=18 March 2025}}</ref>
=== Mercedes (2025–hede) ===
==== 2025: Nuwelingseisoen ====
[[Lêer:2025_Japan_GP_-_Mercedes_-_Kimi_Antonelli_-_FP2.jpg|regs|duimnael|Antonelli (hier afgebeeld by die [[2025 Japannese Grand Prix|Japannese Grand Prix]]) het in 2025 op 18-jarige ouderdom in Formule Een met Mercedes gedebuteer.]]
Antonelli het in 2025 by Mercedes geteken en [[Lewis Hamilton]] vervang om [[George Russell]] op 'n eenjaarkontrak te ondersteun.<ref name="2025contract">{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13200754/andrea-kimi-antonelli-mercedes-confirm-italian-teenager-as-lewis-hamiltons-replacement-for-2025-f1-season|title=Andrea Kimi Antonelli: Mercedes confirm Italian teenager as Lewis Hamilton's replacement for 2025 F1 season|date=31 August 2024|website=Sky Sports|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209172325/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13200754/andrea-kimi-antonelli-mercedes-confirm-italian-teenager-as-lewis-hamiltons-replacement-for-2025-f1-season|archive-date=9 December 2024|access-date=9 December 2024}}</ref> Met sy debuut by die [[2025 Australiese Grand Prix|Australiese Grand Prix]] het hy die eerste Italiaanse jaer geword wat in Formule Een deelgeneem het sedert [[Antonio Giovinazzi]] in [[2021 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|2021]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Iversen|first=Patrick|date=31 August 2024|title=Mercedes F1 promotes Andrea Kimi Antonelli to replace Lewis Hamilton in 2025|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5729566/2024/08/31/f1-andrea-kimi-antonelli-mercedes/|access-date=2 September 2024|work=The Athletic|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|issn=1553-8095|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241125142729/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5729566/2024/08/31/f1-andrea-kimi-antonelli-mercedes/|archive-date=25 November 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/kimi-antonelli-lewis-hamilton-f1-mercedes-b2587814.html|title=Kimi Antonelli replaces Lewis Hamilton at Mercedes F1 in 2025|last=Jackson|first=Kieran|date=31 August 2024|website=[[The Independent]]|access-date=9 December 2024|issn=1741-9743|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910082339/https://www.independent.co.uk/f1/kimi-antonelli-lewis-hamilton-f1-mercedes-b2587814.html|archive-date=10 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> en die eerste Mercedes-groentjie sedert 1954,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/formula1/motor-racing-antonelli-replace-hamilton-mercedes-2025-2024-08-31/|title=Antonelli to replace Hamilton at Mercedes in 2025|last=Baldwin|first=Alan|date=31 August 2024|work=[[Reuters]]|publisher=Thomson Reuters|access-date=13 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250207172642/https://www.reuters.com/sports/formula1/motor-racing-antonelli-replace-hamilton-mercedes-2025-2024-08-31/|archive-date=7 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> sowel as die derde jongste jaer in Formule Een-geskiedenis op 18 jaar en 203 dae oud; <ref name="2025contract" /> hy het sestiende gekwalifiseer met vloerskade voordat hy na vierde geklim het in die reën-geteisterde Grand Prix,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/very-impressive-antonelli-reinstated-in-fourth-after-penalty-is-reversed/10704035/|title="Very impressive" Antonelli reinstated in fourth after penalty is reversed|last=Codling|first=Stuart|date=16 March 2025|website=[[Autosport]]|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316211522/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/very-impressive-antonelli-reinstated-in-fourth-after-penalty-is-reversed/10704035/|archive-date=16 March 2025|access-date=16 March 2025}}</ref> deur verskeie verbysteke op die baan te maak en 'n gepaste kuipestop vir intermediêre bande te maak om die tweede jongste puntemaker in Formule Een-geskiedenis en die hoogsgeplaasde debutant sedert [[2014 Australiese Grand Prix|2014]] te word.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6208349/2025/03/17/kimi-antonelli-mercedes-f1-australian-gp/|title=In Kimi Antonelli's F1 debut, Mercedes glimpses a hopeful post-Hamilton future|last=Coleman|first=Madeline|date=17 March 2025|work=The Athletic|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=18 March 2025|issn=1553-8095|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250317200445/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6208349/2025/03/17/kimi-antonelli-mercedes-f1-australian-gp/|archive-date=17 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.autoweek.com/racing/formula-1/a64200137/kimi-antonelli-makes-f1-history-debut-for-mercedes/|title=Kimi Antonelli Makes F1 History in Debut for Mercedes|last=Horton|first=Phillip|date=16 March 2025|magazine=Autoweek|publisher=Hearst Communications|access-date=18 March 2025|issn=0192-9674|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318212439/https://www.autoweek.com/racing/formula-1/a64200137/kimi-antonelli-makes-f1-history-debut-for-mercedes/|archive-date=18 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Nadat hy sewende geëindig het tydens sy naelrendebuut in [[2025 Chinese Grand Prix|China]], het hy sesde in die hoofwedren geëindig ná diskwalifikasie van beide [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferraribestuurders]], nadat hy weer vloerskade opgedoen het as gevolg van puin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13333543/chinese-gp-sprint-lewis-hamilton-claims-first-ferrari-victory-after-holding-off-max-verstappen-at-start|title=Chinese GP Sprint: Lewis Hamilton claims first Ferrari victory after holding off Max Verstappen at start|date=22 March 2025|website=Sky Sports|publisher=Sky Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322104310/https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/13333543/chinese-gp-sprint-lewis-hamilton-claims-first-ferrari-victory-after-holding-off-max-verstappen-at-start|archive-date=22 March 2025|access-date=25 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/antonelli-driver-day-chinese-gp/10706492/|title=How Antonelli won 'driver of the day' poll in F1 Chinese GP|last=Codling|first=Stuart|last2=Kalinauckas|first2=Alex|date=24 March 2025|website=Motorsport.com|publisher=Motorsport Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325142818/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/antonelli-driver-day-chinese-gp/10706492/|archive-date=25 March 2025|access-date=25 March 2025}}</ref> Hy het sesde in [[2025 Japannese Grand Prix|Japan]] geëindig, waar hy beide die jongste renjaer geword het om 'n wedren te lei en 'n vinnigste rondte in Formule Een-geskiedenis opgestel het.<ref name="JPN242">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6258403/2025/04/06/japanese-grand-prix-f1-briefing-max-verstappen-red-bull/|title=F1 Japanese Grand Prix briefing: Max Verstappen's perfect win and Kimi Antonelli makes history|last1=Coleman|first1=Madeline|last2=Smith|first2=Luke|date=6 April 2025|work=The Athletic|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=6 April 2025|issn=1553-8095|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406081516/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6258403/2025/04/06/japanese-grand-prix-f1-briefing-max-verstappen-red-bull/|archive-date=6 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Hy het ook die derde bestuurder geword om drie agtereenvolgende topses-resultate van sy debuut af te behaal, na [[Jackie Stewart]] (1965) en [[Lewis Hamilton]] (2007).<ref name="NYT20252">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6273087/2025/04/12/f1-formula-1-mercedes-kimi-antonelli/|title=Kimi Antonelli is making Formula One history as rookie – all while finishing school|last=Smith|first=Luke|date=12 April 2025|work=The Athletic|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=14 April 2025|issn=1553-8095|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250412221643/https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6273087/2025/04/12/f1-formula-1-mercedes-kimi-antonelli/|archive-date=12 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> Antonelli het vierde gekwalifiseer vir die [[2025 Bahreinse Grand Prix|Bahreinse Grand Prix]] – afgeskuif na vyfde met 'n roosterstraf weens 'n spanfout – voordat hy buite die [[Lys van Formule Een wêreldkampioenskap punteleer metodes|punte]] geval het op 'n drie-stop-strategie en elfde geëindig het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/mercedes-russell-and-antonelli-receive-grid-drop-for-bahrain-qualifying-error/10712690/|title=Mercedes' Russell and Antonelli receive grid drop for Bahrain qualifying error|last=Cleeren|first=Filip|date=12 April 2025|website=Autosport|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414164936/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/mercedes-russell-and-antonelli-receive-grid-drop-for-bahrain-qualifying-error/10712690/|archive-date=14 April 2025|access-date=14 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/antonelli-left-confused-by-bahrain-strategy-calls-as-three-stop-strategy.3mMpJbW870qTch7IAz35hD|title=Antonelli left 'confused' by Bahrain strategy calls as three-stop strategy sees rookie miss out on points|date=14 April 2025|website=Formula 1|publisher=Formula One Group|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414164936/https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article/antonelli-left-confused-by-bahrain-strategy-calls-as-three-stop-strategy.3mMpJbW870qTch7IAz35hD|archive-date=14 April 2025|access-date=14 April 2025}}</ref> Hy het sesde in [[2025 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|Saoedi-Arabië]] geëindig te midde van erge bandslytasie aan die W16.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/wolff-laments-worst-performance-of-the-season-for-mercedes-in-jeddah/10715585/|title=Wolff laments "worst performance of the season" for Mercedes in Jeddah|last=Selleck|first=Emily|date=20 April 2025|website=Autosport|publisher=Motorsport Network|issn=0269-946X|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421020455/https://www.autosport.com/f1/news/wolff-laments-worst-performance-of-the-season-for-mercedes-in-jeddah/10715585/|archive-date=21 April 2025|access-date=21 April 2025}}</ref>
[[Lêer:FIA_F1_Austria_2025_Nr._12_Antonelli.jpg|links|duimnael|Antonelli (hier afgebeeld by die [[2025 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|Oostenrykse Grand Prix in 2025]]) het sy eerste podiumplek by die [[2025 Kanadese Grand Prix]] behaal.]]
== Formule 1-uitslae ==
{{F1 bestuurders resultate legende (weergawe 4)}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 80%; text-align: center"
!Jaar
!Inskrywer
!Onderstel
!Enjin
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!23
!24
!Plek
!Punte
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2024 Formule Een-seisoen|2024]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| Mercedes AMG <br/>F1 W15
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]<br/>F1 M15 E Performance 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=f0f8ff| [[2024 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>{{small|TD}}
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=f0f8ff| [[2024 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>{{small|TD}}
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''–'''
|bgcolor=efefef|'''–'''
|-style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2025 Formule Een-seisoen|2025]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| [[Mercedes-AMG]] <br/>F1 W16
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]<br/>F1 M16 E Performance 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6 t]]
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''7'''</sup>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>6{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2025 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>11
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Saoedi-Arabiese Grand Prix|SAU]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><sup>'''7'''</sup>6
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2025 Emilia-Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2025 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>18
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2025 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2025 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2025 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2025 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>16{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>10
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2025 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>16
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]]<br/>9
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>4
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>5
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2025 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/><sup>'''8'''</sup>13{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>6
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2025 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/><sup>'''2'''</sup>2
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2025 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=dfffdf| [[2025 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/><sup>'''6'''</sup>5
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2025 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>15
|bgcolor=dfffdf|'''7de'''
|bgcolor=dfffdf|'''150'''
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
![[2026 Formule Een-seisoen|2026]]*
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes]]
| [[Mercedes-AMG]]<br/>F1 W17
| [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]<br/>F1 M17 E Performance 1.6 [[V6-enjin|V6]] [[turboaanjaer|t h]]
|bgcolor=dfdfdf| [[2026 Australiese Grand Prix|AUS]]<br/>2
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2026 Chinese Grand Prix|CHN]]<br/><sup>'''5'''</sup>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2026 Japannese Grand Prix|JPN]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2026 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]<br/><sup>'''6'''</sup>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2026 Kanadese Grand Prix|KAN]]<br/><sup>'''3'''</sup>1{{Pictogram vinnigste ronde}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2026 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition|p=1|v=1}}
|bgcolor=efcfff| [[2026 Barcelona-Katalonië Grand Prix|BKT]]<br/><small>DNF</small>
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2026 Oostenrykse Grand Prix|OOS]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=cfcfff| [[2026 Britse Grand Prix|GBR]]<br/><sup>'''1'''</sup>15{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffffbf| [[2026 Belgiese Grand Prix|BEL]]<br/>1{{Pictogram poleposition}}
|bgcolor=ffdf9f| [[2026 Hongaarse Grand Prix|HON]]<br/>3
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Nederlandse Grand Prix|NED]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Italiaanse Grand Prix|ITA]] <br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Spaanse Grand Prix|SPA]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Azerbeidjanse Grand Prix|AZE]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Bahreinse Grand Prix|BHR]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Singapoerse Grand Prix|SIN]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Verenigde State Grand Prix|VSA]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Meksikostad Grand Prix|MXS]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Las Vegas Grand Prix|LSV]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Katarse Grand Prix|KAT]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=| [[2026 Aboe Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]<br/>{{0}}
|bgcolor=|
|bgcolor=efefef|'''{{F1stat|ANT|seasonposition}}'''*
|bgcolor=efefef|'''{{F1stat|ANT|seasonpoints}}'''*
|-style="border-top:3px solid #aaaaaa"
|}
'''*''' Seisoen is nog aan die gang.
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 2006]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
[[Kategorie:Formule Een-renjaers]]
[[Kategorie:Italiaanse renjaers]]
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Athol Williams
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{{Inligtingskas Outeur||image=Athol Williams.jpg|imagesize=250px|name=Athol Williams|caption=Athol Williams in Oxford, UK, 2017|pseudonym=|birth_name=Athol Williams|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1970|06|20}}|birth_place=[[Kaapstad]], [[Suid-Afrika|Republiek van Suid Afrika]]|death_date=|death_place=|occupation=Skrywer, Filosoof|language=Engels|nationality=[[Suid-Afrika|Suid Afrikaans]]|alma_mater=[[Oxford Universiteit]] <br> [[London School of Economics]] <br> [[Harvard Universiteit]] <br> [[London Business School]] <br> [[Massachusetts-tegnologie-instituut]] <br> [[Universiteit van die Witwatersrand]]|genre=|subject=|movement=|notableworks=''Deep Collusion''<br> ''Bumper Cars''<br> ''Pushing Boulders''|signature=|website=[http://www.atholwilliams.com www.atholwilliams.com]}}'''Athol Williams''' (gebore 20 Junie 1970) is 'n [[Demografie van Suid-Afrika|Suid-Afrikaanse]] digter, filosoof en sakedosent aan die [[Universiteit van Oxford]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hertford.ox.ac.uk/staff/athol-williams|title=Athol Williams}}</ref>
== Lewe ==
Dit was aan die Universiteit van die Witwatersrand, in 1991, wat hy sy eerste gedig, "New South Africa", in die studentepublikasie ''Wits Student'' gepubliseer het. Die gedig het die nuutgevonde optimisme wat verband hou met die vrylating uit die tronk van [[Nelson Mandela]] en ander anti-apartheidsleiers in 1990, vasgevang.
Hy is die medestigter van ''Read to Rise'', 'n NRO wat jeuggeletterdheid bevorder deur toepaslike boeke beskikbaar te stel aan kinders in arm gemeenskappe en stigter van die [http://www.iscethics.org Institute of Social and Corporate Ethics] (ISCE). Hy dien op die direksie van New Contrast Literary Magazine, 'n Suid-Afrikaanse literêre joernaal,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newcontrast.net/about-us/|title=About Us|website=New Contrast Literary Magazine|language=en-ZA|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> en is die stigter van die Cape Flats Book Festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/capeargus/news/mitchells-plain-hosting-cape-flats-book-festival-ahead-of-national-book-week-30444269|title=Mitchells Plain hosting Cape Flats book festival ahead of National Book Week|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref>
== Teen-korrupsie ==
Williams word erken vir sy teenkorrupsie en etiese besigheidshouding. In Oktober 2019 het Williams die fluitjie op Bain &amp; Company geblaas en gesê dat hulle relevante inligting van die Nugent-kommissie wat ongerymdhede by [[Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstediens|die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstediens]] ondersoek, weerhou het.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/watch-athol-williams-shakes-finance-fraternity-with-public-resignation-from-bain-and-company-35181684|title=WATCH: Athol Williams shakes finance fraternity with public resignation from Bain & Company|website=www.iol.co.za|language=en|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.consultancy.co.za/news/1858/athol-williams-leaves-bain-just-six-months-after-joining|title=Athol Williams leaves Bain just six months after joining|date=2019-10-22|website=www.consultancy.co.za|language=en|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/fm/opinion/state-of-play/2020-01-09-natasha-marrian-whistleblower-spills-the-beans-on-bain/|title=NATASHA MARRIAN: Whistleblower spills the beans on Bain|website=BusinessLIVE|language=en-ZA|access-date=2021-06-11|archive-date=2021-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728102516/https://www.businesslive.co.za/fm/opinion/state-of-play/2020-01-09-natasha-marrian-whistleblower-spills-the-beans-on-bain/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-02-14-the-man-who-saw-through-bains-spin-and-5-highlights-from-vrye-weekblad/|title=The man who saw through Bain's spin and 5 highlights from 'Vrye Weekblad'|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> In Desember 2019 het verskeie media berig dat Bain probeer het om Williams se stilswye te koop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-12-19-athol-williams-bain-company-trying-to-silence-me-about-its-role-in-state-capture/|title=Business Maverick: Athol Williams: 'Bain & Company trying to silence me about its role in State Capture'|last=Mahlaka|first=Ray|date=2019-12-19|website=Daily Maverick|language=en|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/fin24/Companies/Financial-Services/bain-fixer-williams-ive-been-through-hell-the-last-2-months-20191220|title=Bain 'fixer' Williams: 'I've been through hell the last 2 months'|last=Buthelezi|first=Londiwe|website=Fin24|language=en-US|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2019-12-19-partner-that-bain-brought-in-to-clear-its-image-now-accuses-it-of-attempted-cover-up/|title=Partner that Bain brought in to clear its image now accuses it of attempted cover-up|last=Natasha Marrian|website=BusinessLIVE|language=en-ZA|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> Die Nugent-kommissie het bevind dat Bain nie volle openbaarmaking gemaak het nie.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.inqcomm.co.za/|title=SARS Commission 2018|website=www.inqcomm.co.za|access-date=2021-06-11|archive-date=2021-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613083323/http://inqcomm.co.za/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bain het dié bewerings ontken.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/business/bain-denies-withholding-evidence-alleged-sars-wrongdoing|title=Bain denies withholding evidence of alleged SARS wrongdoing {{!}} eNCA|website=www.enca.com|language=en|access-date=2021-06-11|archive-date=2019-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210114119/https://www.enca.com/business/bain-denies-withholding-evidence-alleged-sars-wrongdoing|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bain.com/offices/johannesburg/sars-statement-dec20/|title=Bain & Company Statement: December 20, 2019|website=Bain|language=en|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref>
In Maart 2021 het Williams twee dae lank voor die [[Zondo-kommissie]] getuig en bewyse gelewer wat verband hou met Bain se alliansie met [[Jacob Zuma]] en [[Tom Moyane]] in beweerde staatskaping in Suid-Afrika. Die Kommissie se finale verslag het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat Bain se gedrag "onregmatig" was en Williams geprys vir die verwerping van stilgeld en sy bydrae erken, en gesê 'dit wil veral sy waardering uitspreek aan mnr Williams vir die bewyse wat hy ingesamel en voor die Kommissie geplaas het.' In NIember 2021 het Williams "Deep Colllusion: Bain and the capture of South Africa" gebasseer op sy geuitenis en ervaring by Bain.
Williams het op 1 November 2021 uit Suid-Afrika gevlug weens kommer oor veiligheid. As 'n getuie en fluitjieblaser wat dosyne individue by die voortslepende [[Zondo-kommissie]] betrek het, het hy gevrees vir moontlike vergelding.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.atholwilliams.com/forced-to-leave|title=Public Statement - FORCED TO LEAVE|date=7 November 2021|website=Athol Williams|access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-59205368|title=Athol Williams: South Africa corruption whistle-blower flees for his life|date=8 November 2021|website=BBC|language=en|access-date=8 November 2021}}</ref> Terwyl hy in ballingskap was, het Williams met [[Peter Hain|lord Peter Hain]] saamgewerk om wêreldwye aandag op Bain se korrupte aktiwiteite in Suid-Afrika te vestig.
Een uitkoms van hierdie veldtog was die aankondiging deur die Britse regering op 3 Augustus 2022 dat sy ondersoek tot die gevolgtrekking gekom het dat Bain "skuldig is aan ernstige professionele wangedrag" was, wat gelei het tot 'n 3 jaar verbod op staatskontrakte.
== Akademies ==
Williams beklee drie akademiese poste aan [[Universiteit van Oxford|die Universiteit van Oxford]]. In 2023 is hy aangestel as lektor in bestuur by Said Business School<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/news/inspiring-others-thrive-renowned-poet-anti-corruption-campaigner-and-academic-athol-williams-joins-our-faculty|title='Inspiring others to thrive' - renowned poet, anti-corruption campaigner and academic Athol Williams joins our faculty | Saïd Business School|date=15 February 2024}}</ref> en lektor in bestuur by St Peter's College.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spc.ox.ac.uk/people/athol-williams|title=Mr Athol Williams|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003134241/https://www.spc.ox.ac.uk/people/athol-williams|archive-date=2023-10-03}}</ref> Hy het sedert 2022 die pos van Navorsingsgenoot by [[Hertford Kollege, Oxford|Hertford College]]<ref name="auto1"/> beklee. In Junie 2024 het Hertford College aangekondig dat hy sy hoogste erkenning, 'n Eregenootskap, aan Williams toegeken het.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hertford.ox.ac.uk/news/athol-williams-awarded-honorary-fellowship|title=Athol Williams awarded Honorary Fellowship}}{{Dooie skakel|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Hy is die eerste persoon wat vyf meestersgrade van vyf wêreldwye top-universiteite verwerf het.<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=2018-01-29}}</ref> Hy het die volgende grade:
* BSc (Ingenieurswese)(Meg), [[Universiteit van die Witwatersrand]],
* MBA, MIT Sloan Bestuurskool
* MSc (Finansies), London Business School,
* MPhil (Politieke Teorie), [[Universiteit van Oxford]] ( [[Hertford Kollege, Oxford|Hertford College]] )<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afox.ox.ac.uk/news/interview-with-athol-williams/|title=Interview with Athol Williams » Africa Oxford Initiative|website=www.afox.ox.ac.uk|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926191449/http://www.afox.ox.ac.uk/news/interview-with-athol-williams/|archive-date=26 September 2017|access-date=2017-09-26}}</ref>
* MPA, [[Harvard-universiteit|Harvard Universiteit]]
* MSc (Politieke Teorie), London School of Economics and Political Science.
* DPhil (Politiek), [[Universiteit van Oxford]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/about-us/people/athol-williams|title=Athol Williams | Saïd Business School}}</ref>
Williams het die poste van adjunkprofessor aan [[Universiteit van die Witwatersrand|die Universiteit van die Witwatersrand]] en Senior Lektor aan die Universiteit van Kaapstad beklee, met spesialisering in korporatiewe verantwoordelikheid en etiese leierskap<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gsb.uct.ac.za/|title=UCT Graduate School of Business|website=www.gsb.uct.ac.za|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> Hy was ook 'n Navorsingsgenoot in die Sentrum vir Toegepaste Etiek aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www0.sun.ac.za/philosophy/centre-for-applied-ethics/prosper/|title=PROSPER – US Philosophy Department|language=en-ZA|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref>
== Skryf ==
Van 2009 tot 2014 het Williams sy poësie onder die skuilnaam AE Ballakisten gepubliseer. Sy poësie spreek hoofsaaklik vier temas aan: (i) ''sosiale geregtigheid'' soos in die gedigte [https://botsotso.org.za/2018/01/poems-by-athol-williams/ When It Rains], [https://www.addastories.org/protest-in-colombo/ Protest in Colombo] en [https://pensouthafrica.co.za/save-south-africa-poems-by-athol-williams/ Coat of Arms] (ii) verkenning van ons ''menswees'' soos in [https://www.avbobpoetry.co.za/Poem/View?PoemID=36475 Jou Lied] (iii) ''inspirasie'' soos ons in [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oLfogcUJK1g&t=5s 39 Poskaarte] vind of (iv) die ''surrealistiese'' soos in die gedig [https://matterthoughts.com/2018/08/03/at-home/ By Home].
Williams se akademiese skryfwerk fokus op korporatiewe verantwoordelikheid en sake-etiek. Hy word dikwels in die media gepubliseer oor onderwerpe van armoede,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/columnists/guestcolumn/opinion-the-need-to-build-a-new-south-africa-for-its-57-million-inhabitants-20200427|title=OPINION: The need to build a new South Africa for its 57 million inhabitants|last=Williams|first=Athol|website=News24|language=en-US|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/381286/sa-s-poor-bear-the-burden-of-covid-19-says-prof-athol-williams|title=SA's poor bear the burden of Covid-19, says Prof Athol Williams|website=CapeTalk|language=en-ZA|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> jeuggeletterdheid,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-12-picture-books-a-great-way-to-encourage-children-to-read/|title=Picture books: A great way to encourage children to read|date=2018-12-12|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> sosiale geregtigheid<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/Voices/business-as-usual-wont-fix-youth-unemployment-poverty-and-inequality-20190620|title=Business as usual won't fix youth unemployment, poverty and inequality|last=Williams|first=Athol|website=Citypress|language=en-US|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> en korporatiewe misdrywe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2019-02-01-six-steps-for-company-reparations|title=Six steps for company reparations|website=www.news.uct.ac.za|language=en|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2019-02-19-criminal-justice-after-corporate-corruption-is-just-the-beginning/|title=Criminal justice after corporate corruption is just the beginning|website=BusinessLIVE|language=en-ZA|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-10-16-what-do-we-want-from-bain/|title=OP-ED: What do we want from Bain?|last=Williams|first=Athol|date=2018-10-15|website=Daily Maverick|language=en|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref>
Williams skryf gereeld oor openbare aangeleenthede vir publikasies in Suid-Afrika en is 'n gereelde radiogas en konferensiespreker. Hy het 'n gereelde rubriek vir ''Thought Leader''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thoughtleader.co.za/|title=Thought Leader opinion pieces brought to you by the Mail & Guardian.|website=Thought Leader}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thoughtleader.co.za/author/athol-williams/|title=Athol Williams, Author at Thought Leader}}</ref> en het onlangs gepubliseer in die ''[[Mail & Guardian]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/opinion/2021-03-14-corporate-amends-what-is-enough/|title=Corporate amends: What is enough?|date=2021-03-14|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> ''The Big Issue''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bigissue.org.za/living-without-chaos/|title=Living without chaos|date=2021-03-25|website=The Big Issue South Africa|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref> en ''[[Business Day]]''.<ref name="auto"/>
== Bibliografie ==
=== Poësie ===
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=K54TRAAACAAJ&q=heap+of+stones Heap of Stones]'' (2009; Theart Press)
* ''Talking to a Tree: Poems of a Fragile World'' (2011; Theart Press)<ref>{{cite news|author=Jou naam* |url=http://www.litnet.co.za/ae-ballakisten-in-conversation-with-janet-van-eeden/ |title=AE Ballakisten in conversation with Janet van Eeden |newspaper=LitNet |date=2012-02-15 |accessdate=2018-09-24}}</ref>
* {{cite book |title=Bumper Cars |date=2015 |publisher=Onslaught Press |isbn=978-0-9927238-7-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Mg_jgEACAAJ }}
* ''Invitation'' (2017; Theart Press)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theartpressbooks.com/poetry-books|title=theartpress - POETRY BOOKS|website=theartpress|accessdate=24 September 2018}}</ref>
* ''Fragile'' (2020; Theart Press)<ref>{{cite web|title=Fragile|url=https://www.theartpressbooks.com/product-page/fragile|access-date=2021-06-11|website=Theart Press|language=en}}</ref>
* ''Whistleblowing'' (2021; Geko Publishing)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/news/poetry-blows-the-whistle-on-state-capture-injustice-and-gbv-in-sa-95e50bd5-f974-47a5-aeda-89bcd997a410|title=Poetry blows the whistle on state capture, injustice and GBV in SA|website=www.iol.co.za|last1=Daniels |first1=Nicola }}</ref>
=== Nie-fiksie ===
* ''Deep Colllusion: Bain and the capture of South Africa'' (2021; Tafelberg)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loot.co.za/product/athol-williams-deep-collusion/lwrp-7480-g400|title=Deep Collusion - Bain and the Capture of South Africa (Paperback)}}</ref>
* ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ogMiMQAACAAJ&q=athol+williams Pushing Boulders: Oppressed to Inspired]'' (2016; Theart Press)<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=2017-10-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Williams |first=Athol |title=Pushing Boulders: Oppressed to Inspired |date=2016-10-13 |publisher=Theart Press |edition=1 |language=English |asin=B01M3Q1FNX}}</ref>
* ''The Book of Eden: 'n geestelike filosofiese openbaring vir 'n hoopvolle toekoms'' (2019; Theart Press)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.atholwilliams.com/non-fiction|title=Non-fiction|website=Athol Williams|language=en|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref>
=== Kinderboeke ===
* ''Die Oaky-reeks''<ref>https://www.oaky.co.za/{{Dooie skakel|date=Augustus 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> (geïllustreer deur Taryn Lock; Theart Press): [https://books.google.com/books?id=ScWNrgEACAAJ&q=athol+williams Oaky and the Sun] (2014), [https://books.google.com/books?id=owy7jwEACAAJ&q=athol+williams Oaky the Happy Tree] (2015), Oaky the Brave Acorn (2017),<ref name="theartpressbooks.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.theartpressbooks.com/childrens-books|title=theartpress - CHILDRENS BOOKS|website=theartpress|accessdate=24 September 2018}}</ref> What is Happening to Oaky? (2017),<ref name="theartpressbooks.com"/> Oaky Runs a Race (2018), Oaky and Themba (2019), Oaky and the Virus (2020),<ref>{{cite web|title=UCT academic authors free COVID-19 children's book|url=http://www.news.uct.ac.za/article/-2020-04-28-uct-academic-authors-free-covid-19-childrens-book|access-date=2021-06-11|website=www.news.uct.ac.za|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=New free to download picture book helps children understand COVID-19|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/books/news/2020-04-21-new-free-to-download-picture-book-helps-children-understand-covid-19/|access-date=2021-06-11|website=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-04-21|title='Oaky and the Virus' new book teaching children about the lockdown, virus|url=https://www.goodthingsguy.com/people/virus-children-book-sa/|access-date=2021-06-11|website=Good Things Guy|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-05-02|title='Oaky and the Virus' a New Book Teaching Children About COVID-19|url=https://insideeducation.co.za/2020/05/02/oaky-and-the-virus-a-new-book-teaching-children-about-covid-19/|access-date=2021-06-11|website=Inside Education|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Free books to help children understand COVID-19|url=https://www.ecr.co.za/coronavirus-be-informed/free-books-to-help-children-understand-covid-19/|access-date=2021-06-11|website=ECR}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Donna Slater |url=https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/childrens-author-publisher-make-covid-19-awareness-book-available-for-free-2020-04-17 |title=Children's author, publisher make Covid-19-awareness book available for free |publisher=Engineeringnews.co.za |date=2020-04-17 |accessdate=2021-10-19}}</ref> Oaky in the Playground (2021)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theartpressbooks.com/product-page/oaky-in-the-playground|title=Oaky in the Playground|website=Theart Press}}</ref>
* ''A Girl Called H'' (2019, Theart Press)
== Toekennings en eerbewyse ==
=== Akademies ===
* ''Eregenoot,'' Hertford College, Universiteit van Oxford (2024)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hertford.ox.ac.uk/staff/athol-williams-2|title=Dr Athol Williams}}</ref><ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wits.ac.za/news/sources/alumni-news/2024/highest-honour-from-an-oxford-college-for-witsie.html|title=2024 - Highest honour from an Oxford college for Witsie - Wits University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sbs.ox.ac.uk/news/ethics-scholar-athol-williams-made-honorary-fellow-university-oxfords-hertford-college|title=Ethics scholar Athol Williams made Honorary Fellow at University of Oxford's Hertford College | Saïd Business School|date=3 July 2024}}</ref>
=== Literêr ===
* Sol Plaatje European Union Poetry Award (2015) Kultuursake-toekenning vir bydrae tot literêre kunste, Wes-Kaapse provinsiale regering (2019).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.westerncape.gov.za/assets/departments/cultural-affairs-sport/18th_cultural_affairs_awards_winners_march_2019.pdf|title=Info|website=www.westerncape.gov.za|access-date=2021-10-19|archive-date=2021-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108020121/https://www.westerncape.gov.za/assets/departments/cultural-affairs-sport/18th_cultural_affairs_awards_winners_march_2019.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Sol Plaatje European Union Poetry Award (2016)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jacana.bookslive.co.za/blog/2016/10/11/2016-sol-plaatje-european-union-poetry-award-announced-a-second-win-for-athol-williams/|title=2016 Sol Plaatje European Union Poetry Award announced - a second win for Athol Williams|website=Jacana @ Sunday Times Books LIVE|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-10}}{{Dooie skakel|date=Maart 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Parallelle Heelal Poësiekompetisie, Wenner, [[Universiteit van Oxford|Oxford Universiteit]] (2016).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/science/poetry-competition-2016|title=Radcliffe Science Library {{!}} Poetry competition 2016|website=www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk|access-date=2017-10-10}}</ref>
* South African Independent Publishers Award (2017) vir ''uitnodiging''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pensouthafrica.co.za/tag/south-african-independent-publishers/|title=South African Independent Publishers {{!}} PEN South Africa|last=Africa|first=PEN South|language=en-US|access-date=2021-06-11}}</ref>
=== Staatsdiens ===
* ''Special Recognition Award'', Blueprint for Free Speech, Australia, 2022<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.blueprintforfreespeech.net/en/prize/recipients/2022/athol-williams | title=Athol Williams (South Africa) 2022 SPECIAL RECOGNITION AWARD }}</ref>
* ''Chairman's Award'', SA Chamber of Commerce UK, 2022<ref>{{cite web | url=https://awards.southafricanchamber.co.uk/category.php?year=2022&id=78 | title=AWARDS-The South African Chamber of Commerce | access-date= 5 Februarie 2025 | archive-date=23 Mei 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523235630/https://awards.southafricanchamber.co.uk/category.php?year=2022&id=78 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* ''Mayor's Medal for Extraordinary Bravery'', Cape Town, South Africa, 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=City of Cape Town Council Address|date=24 August 2023 |url=https://www.capetown.gov.za/Media-and-news/Council%20Address%20%E2%80%93%2024%20August%202023 |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=City of Cape Town |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2023 |title=Cape Town bravery medal a 'rare ray of light', says whistleblower Athol Williams |url=https://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/news/cape-town-bravery-medal-a-rare-ray-of-light-says-whistleblower-athol-williams-f0ce41dd-d65c-48bb-b2b8-5be03e5de411 |website=Independent Online}}</ref>
* ''Social Justice Champion of the Year'', Centre for Social Justice, South Africa, 2024<ref>https://omny.fm/shows/the-national-pulse/south-africa-s-anti-corruption-advocate-athol-will</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Suid-Afrikaanse filantrope]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1970]]
[[Kategorie:Vertaalde bladsye wat nagegaan moet word]]
[[Kategorie:Alumni van die Massachusetts-tegnologie-instituut]]
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=== Filosowe en sosiale wetenskaplikes ===
{{div col|colwidth=16em}}
[[Chanakya]]
<br>
[[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]]
<br>
[[Martin Heidegger]]
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[[Ibn Khaldun]]
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[[John Maynard Keynes]]
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[[Sima Qian]]
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[[Ludwig Wittgenstein]]
<br>
[[Zhu Xi]]
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{{div col end}}
=== Godsdiensfigure ===
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[[Al-Ghazali]]
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[[Nagarjuna]]
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=== Politieke leiers ===
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[[Rosa Luxemburg]]
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[[Sun Yat-sen]]
<br>
[[Omar]]
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{{div col end}}
=== Wetenskaplikes, uitvinders en wiskundiges ===
{{div col|colwidth=16em}}
[[Tim Berners-Lee]]
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[[Henry Ford]]
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[[Galenus]]
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{{div col end}}
=== Kunstenaars ===
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[[Le Corbusier]]
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[[Hokusai]]
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[[Mimar Sinan]]
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{{div col end}}
=== Musikante en komponiste ===
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[[Louis Armstrong]]
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[[Umm Kulthum]]
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[[Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina]]
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[[Richard Wagner]]
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=== Rolprentmakers ===
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[[Sergei Eisenstein]]
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[[Umm Kulthum]] <br>
[[Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina]]<br>
=== Skrywers en digters ===
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[[Abu Nuwas]]
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[[Matsuo Bashō]]
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[[Jorge Luis Borges]]
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[[Gabriel García Márquez]]
<br>
[[Hafez]]
<br>
[[Kālidāsa]]
<br>
[[Naguib Mahfouz]]
<br>
[[Ovidius]]
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[[Aleksander Poesjkin]]
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[[Rabindranath Tagore]]
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{{div col end}}
=== Sosiale wetenskappe ===
{{div col|colwidth=16em}}
[[Samelewing]]
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[[Beskawing]]
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[[Onderwys]]
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[[Gesin]]
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[[Kind]]
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[[Man]]
<br>
[[Vrou]]
<br>
[[Huwelik]]
<br>
[[Diplomasie]]
<br>
[[Regering]]
<br>
[[Diktatuur]]
<br>
[[Monargie]]
<br>
[[Republiek]]
<br>
[[Kapitaal (ekonomie)|Kapitaal]]
<br>
[[Geldeenheid]]
<br>
[[Belasting]]
<br>
[[Handel]]
<br>
[[Grondwet]]
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[[Politieke party]]
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[[Propaganda]]
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[[Vrede]]
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[[Terrorisme]]
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{{div col end}}
=== Internasionale organisasies ===
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[[Internasionale Hof van Justisie]]
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[[Internasionale Monetêre Fonds]]
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[[UNESCO]]
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[[Wêreldbank]]
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[[Wêreldhandelsorganisasie]]
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{{div col end}}
=== Sosiale kwessies ===
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[[Armoede]]
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[[Menseregte]]
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[[Globalisering]]
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[[Slawerny]]
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[[Aborsie]]
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[[Diskriminasie]]
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[[Rassisme]]
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{{div col end}}
=== Taal en letterkunde ===
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[[Bengaals]]
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[[Koreaans]]
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[[Swahili]]
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[[Doodstraf]]
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[[Grammatika]]
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[[Foneem]]
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[[Lettergreep]]
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[[Geletterdheid]]
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[[Vertaling]]
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[[Arabiese skrif]]
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[[Chinese karakters]]
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[[Siriliese skrif]]
<br>
{{div col end}}
=== Tegnologie ===
{{div col|colwidth=16em}}
[[Kunsmatige intelligensie]]
<br>
[[Internet]]
<br>
[[E-pos]]
<br>
[[Wêreldwye Web]]
<br>
[[Bedryfstelsel]]
<br>
[[Programmeertaal]]
<br>
[[Algoritme]]
<br>
[[Robot]]
<br>
[[Nanotegnologie]]
<br>
[[Hernubare energie]]
<br>
[[Kernkrag]]
<br>
[[Fossielbrandstof]]
<br>
[[Hardeskyf]]
<br>
[[Sentrale verwerkingseenheid]]
<br>
[[Kapasitor]]
<br>
[[Transistor]]
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[[Diode]]
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[[Brandstof]]
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{{div col end}}
=== Aardrykskunde ===
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[[Noordpool]]
<br>
[[Suidpool]]
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[[Suid-Chinese See]]
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``
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Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux
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Gaius le Roux
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/* Vertaling van Engelse kleurterme */ Antwoord
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{{Welkom}}
--[[Lêer:Wapen van Limpopo.png|20px]] [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] 18:35, 20 Februarie 2026 (UTC)
== Byvoegings by [[Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmagmuseum]]-artikel ==
Ek wil graag teks en foto’s oor die verskillende artefakte van die SALM-museum byvoeg, maar ek is nie seker of ek by die bestaande inligting en foto’s teks en foto’s moet byvoeg en of ek ’n splinternuwe inskrywing moet begin nie.
Die inhoud van die voorgestelde artikel kan in elk geval soos volg lyk:
'''Die vroeë tydperk (1976 tot 1980)'''
Hierdie gedeelte sal handel oor die Museum by Lanseria, museumvliegtuie by Snake Valley en die SALM-museum se uitstallings by Aviation Africa in Oktober 1977.
'''Lugskoue wat van 1991 tot 2008 gehou is'''
Internasionale Museumdag op 18 Mei 1991
Lugskou: die amptelike opening van die SALM-museum by Swartkop
Die eerste Museumvliegdag op 21 Augustus 1993
SALM-museum-vliegtuie by Waterkloof: Die viering van die SALM se 80ste bestaansjaar en Africa Aerospace and Defence 2000 en 2002
'''Vliegtuie en ander artefakte by Swartkop, Port Elizabeth en Ysterplaat'''
Besoek aan Swartkop op 31 Mei 2008 en moontlik ander datums: binne- en buite-uitstallings
Besoek aan Port Elizabeth op 22 November 2005
Besoek aan Ysterplaat op 2 Desember 2005 en moontlik artefakte op ander datums afgeneem [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 11:27, 17 Februarie 2026 (UTC)
== Stulugturbine ==
{{ping|Gaius le Roux}}, ek het die artikel [[Stulugturbine]] uit Engels (Ram air turbine) vertaal maar is nie 100% of die naam korrek is nie. Jou opinie asb? Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 12:43, 27 Februarie 2026 (UTC)
:Daar is steun vir die vertaling "stulugturbine" in die Konseplys Vliegtuigbouterme wat ek het. Al die samestellings met "ram-air" en "turbine" word as "stulug-" en "turbine-" vertaal.
:In die Terblanche- tegniese woordeboek wat ek het, word "ram jet" (die simpleks) as "stustraalenjin" OF 'stustraalvliegtuig" (ook "stustraler") vertaal.
:As mens al hierdie terme as analoë gebruik, is daar steun vir "stu".
:Ek het tot onlangs net in Engels gewerk wanneer ek met lugvaartterme gewerk het. Vandat ek op die Afrikaanse Wikipedia werk, werk ek met Afrikaanse lugvaartterme. Ek is dus nog aan die begin met Afrikaans wat die lugvaart betref en leer nog. Ek moet my ongelukkig op die bronne verlaat wat ek het omdat ek tans nie veel praktiese ervaring van Afrikaanse lugvaartterme het nie. Daarom moet ek soms heelwat navorsing doen wanneer ek lugvaartterme na Afrikaans moet vertaal. Soms omskryf ek 'n term in plaas daarvan om die Engelse term in Afrikaans te vertaal.
:Groete [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 14:41, 27 Februarie 2026 (UTC)
== Name van die verskillende klappe ==
{{ping|Gaius le Roux}}, ek soek die korrekte name vir die volgende:
* Plain flap
* Split flap
* Slotted flap
* Fowler flap - ek dink Fowlerklap kan doen hier.
* Junkers flap
* Gouge flap
* Fairey-Youngman flap
* Zap flap
* Krueger flap - bestaan reeds as [[Krueger-klap]]
* Gurney flap
* Leading edge flap (leirandklap)?
* Blown flap
Dink daaroor! Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 06:47, 28 Februarie 2026 (UTC)
:Middag, Oesjaar
:Dis ongeveer 13:30 op Saterdag, was vanoggend in die winkels, gaan nou eers aan met eie projek. Môre kom die kleinkinders kuier; ek hoop om Maandag aan hierdie terme te werk.
:Groete [[Spesiaal:Bydraes/~2026-13155-32|~2026-13155-32]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:~2026-13155-32|talk]]) 11:36, 28 Februarie 2026 (UTC)
::Dankie. Waardeer! Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 11:38, 28 Februarie 2026 (UTC)
:::{{ping|Gaius le Roux}}, staak asb die gewoonte om net in hoofletters te skryf. Ons volg standaard skryf reëls. Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 14:25, 1 Maart 2026 (UTC)
== Flaperon ==
{{ping|Gaius le Roux}}, wat sê jou slim boek is 'n Flaperon in Afrikaans? Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 14:44, 1 Maart 2026 (UTC)
== Ontmoet ==
{{ping|Gaius le Roux}}, kan ons more ontmoet? Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 11:37, 30 Maart 2026 (UTC)
:Ja, 10:00, maar waar? Groete [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 12:41, 30 Maart 2026 (UTC)
::Goeie naand, @[[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]]. Ek het vergeet môre, Dinsdag, 31 Maart 2026, is wasdag - so ons sal nie kan ontmoet nie. Liewer op 'n ander dag, asseblief. Groete [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 17:10, 30 Maart 2026 (UTC)
::: [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]], was agter die ore ook! Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 17:12, 30 Maart 2026 (UTC)
== Oefensessie ==
Hallo Gaius, jou "Oefensessies" kan liefs in die '''Sandput''' uitgevoer word. (Klik op die 6de duimnael in die linkerkantbalk).
Daar kan jy na hartelus eksperimenteer, sonder om teks aan 'n bestaande artikel te verander. Groete, --[[Lêer:Wapen van Limpopo.png|20px]] [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] 17:21, 2 April 2026 (UTC)
:Goeie dag, @[[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]]. Ek het eers probeer om in die sandput te oefen voordat ek in die teks van die bestaande artikel geoefen het. Die sandput het my ongelukkig nie toegelaat om die stappe te volg wat ek op die ou end in die bestaande teks gevolg het nie. Dit is hoekom ek in die bestaande teks in plaas van in die sandput geoefen het. Groete [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 05:02, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
::Jy moes 'n advokaat geword het, jy gee my grys hare! [[Lêer:Wapen van Limpopo.png|20px]] [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] 11:12, 3 April 2026 (UTC)
== Redigeer van Lockheed Constellation ==
Hallo Gaius, klik asb op die artikel se "Wys geskiedenis" sodat jy kan sien wat daar (aanlyn) aangaan. Jy hoef nie "LET WEL: Ek is nog nie klaar nie - ek wil nog foto's byvoeg." te meld nie, ons kan sien jy is nog besig! Groete, --[[Lêer:Wapen van Limpopo.png|20px]] [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] 13:16, 2 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]]en @[[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]]Ten spyte daarva dat julle gesien het ek is besig, het julle veranderings aangebring; gevolglik het my wysigings verlore geraak, en nou moet ek alles oordoen! Oesjaar het gesê hy gaan die "Die" uit die titel van die artikel uithaal. Het jy of Oesjaar dit gedoen? Ek het gehoop Oesjaar sal my bel voordat hy die wysiging aanbring. Ek is nie te kwaad nie, ek sal nie doodgaan nie en sal niks daarvan oorkom om die wysigings weer aan te bring nie! Groete [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 13:42, 2 Mei 2026 (UTC)
::{{ping|Gaius le Roux}}, gaan kyk asb in die ''Wys Geskiedenis'' blad en jy sal sien dat ek nog nie EEN keer in jou artikel gekrap het nie. Ag nee... [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 17:05, 2 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]], ek het gaan kyk. Dit is Aliwal2012 wat die artikel geskuif het en sodoende die "Die" in die titel verwyder het. (Ek het hom daarvoor bedank.) Ek het jou naam genoem omdat jy gesê jy gaan later die middag (Satermiddag) die nodige doen om die "Die" te verwyder. Ek sien BurgerT het ook iets gewysig.
:::My wysigings het waarskynlik verlore geraak toe Aliwal2012 die artikel geskuif het. MAAR, ek is nie meer kwaad nie en ek het in die proses om die wysigings oor te doen baie geleer, so dit het alles gehelp.
:::In die stadium wat ek ontdek my wysigings is verlore, was ek gefrustreerd omdat ek toe reeds baie tyd aan die artikel gespandeer het. Maar nou is alles verby en dit is 'n nuwe dag en ek kan voortgaan! Groete [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 05:27, 3 Mei 2026 (UTC)
== Skryfwedstryd ==
Hallo. Ek hoop jy beplan om 'n artikel in te skryf vir die [[Wikipedia:Skryfwedstryd_2026|Skryfwedstryd]]. Dankie [[Gebruiker:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Dumbassman|kontak]]) 06:25, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:Ja @[[Gebruiker:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]], ek beoog om dit te doen. Ek is net nog besig om aan die artikel te skaaf. Groete [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 07:25, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC)
::{{ping|Gaius le Roux}} Hallo, laat weet die gemeenskap asb dringend watter artikel(s) jy vir die skryfwedstryd wil inskryf.
::Die rede hiervoor is dat ander wiki-bydraers dan nie daaraan mag werk nie, tot na die beoordeling afgehandel is.
::Hoop jy vind dit in orde. Groete! [[Lêer:Wapen van Limpopo.png|20px]] [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] 09:28, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:::@[[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]], ek wil die artikel Lockheed Constellation vir die kompetisie inskryf, maar jy en BurgertB het reeds op 2 Mei wysigings aan die artikel aangebring. Kan dit steeds ingeskryf word? Ek is ook besig om aan 'n DC-3-artikel te werk wat 'n ingrypende wysiging van die bestaande een sal wees en wil hom ook inskryf. Mag ek hom inskryf wanneer ek klaar is al is dit nie 'n splinternuwe artikel wat geskep sal word nie? Anders sal ek 'n ander, nuwe artikel moet skep. Groete [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 09:58, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC)
::::Die reëls sê: dit moet 'n nuwe artikel wees (een wat nog nie bestaan nie), of 'n saadjie ('n baie kort artikel) wat uitgebrei word.
::::Noteer asb jou inskrywing by [[Wikipedia:Skryfwedstryd 2026#Inskrywing]], anders tel dit nie. [[Lêer:Wapen van Limpopo.png|20px]] [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] 10:39, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:::::Dankie, @[[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]], dit is gedoen. [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 11:10, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC)
== Lugvaartterme ==
{{ping|Gaius le Roux}}, loer asb na [[Lugvaartterme]] as jy nuwe terminilogie gebruik en opdateer waar moontlik. Groete! [[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Oesjaar|kontak]]) 19:12, 11 Mei 2026 (UTC)
:@[[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]], ek sal so maak en die terme waaroor Viva terugvoer gegee het, byvoeg. Groete [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 03:54, 12 Mei 2026 (UTC)
== Ek het...ek het...ek het... ==
Jou aanhoudende sinsnede "ek het..." in jou wysigingsopsommings is regtig oorbodig. Ons publiseer verkieslik in die derde persoon, nie die eerste persoon (ek) nie.
Terloops, geluk met jou tweede prys in die Skryfwedstryd, hou so aan! Groete--[[Lêer:Wapen van Limpopo.png|20px]] [[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] 06:45, 26 Junie 2026 (UTC)
:Goeie dag, @[[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] Ek sal ophou om te sê "ek het..." MAAR, hoe moet ek aandui ek is nog besig met die dokument? Die een waarmee ek nou besig is, is redelik lank. Hy sal my heeldag besig hou.
:::Daar is 'n sjabloon {{sj|nog besig}} wat sê: {{nog besig}}
:Dankie vir die gelukwensing; die artikel waarvoor ek die tweede prys gewen het, het besonder baie energie en tyd geverg.
:Groete [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 06:59, 26 Junie 2026 (UTC)
::Dankie, @[[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]] Dit is 'n sinvolle en praktiese antwoord! [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 08:21, 26 Junie 2026 (UTC)
== Vertaling van Engelse kleurterme ==
@[[Gebruiker:Oesjaar|Oesjaar]], @[[Gebruiker:Aliwal2012|Aliwal2012]], @[[Gebruiker:Rooiratel|Rooiratel]], @[[Gebruiker:Dumbassman|Dumbassman]], @[[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]] en enigiemand anders. Goeie middag almal. Waar kan ek op die internet die Afrikaans vir terme soos Deep Buff, Dark Earth, Dark Green, Azure Blue, ensovoorts kry? Groete @[[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 10:21, 8 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
:Weet nie van ‘n enkele bron in die verband nie, maar hierdie terme klink soos amptelike Britse militêre, lugvaart- of voertuigverfkleure. Daar is waarskynlik nie ’n enkele internetbron met vaste Afrikaanse vertalings vir almal nie, omdat name soos ''Dark Earth'' en ''Deep Buff'' dikwels gestandaardiseerde kleurbenamings of verfspesifikasies is.
:Vir jou voorbeelde kan die volgende moontlik werk
:Engels Moontlike Afrikaans
:''Deep Buff'' diep dofgeel of donker geelbruin
:''Dark Earth'' donker aardbruin
:''Dark Green '' donkergroen
:''Azure Blue'' asuurblou
:''Sky Blue'' hemelsblou
:''Light Earth'' ligte aardbruin
:''Middle Stone'' middelsteengrys of medium klipkleur
:’n Belangrike onderskeid: wanneer dit ’n amptelike verfnaam is—byvoorbeeld ''RAF Dark Earth''—is nog ‘n opsie om die oorspronklike naam te behou en ’n Afrikaanse verklaring tussen hakies te gee:
:''Dark Earth'' (donker aardbruin)
:''Deep Buff'' (diep dofgeel)
:Dit voorkom dat ’n vertaling verkeerdelik voorgee dat dit presies dieselfde gestandaardiseerde kleurskakering aandui. Vir ’n Wikipedia-artikel kan die Engelse naam dus by die eerste vermelding behou word en daarna die Afrikaanse beskrywing gebruik word. Hoop dit help. [[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Sobaka|kontak]]) 16:45, 8 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
::Goeie môre, @[[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]]. Die leiding wat jy verskaf het, help beslis!
::Die terme "Dark Earth" en "Deep Buff" word byvoorbeeld gebruik wanneer die kleurskema van die Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag se Mirage IIICZ beskryf word. As die artikel vir modelvliegtuigbouers bedoel is, sal daar beslis van die amptelike terme gebruik gemaak moet word en kan Afrikaanse verklarings tussen hakies gebruik word. In die Wikipedia-artikel wat ek beoog om te skryf, sal "donker aardbruin" en "diep dofgeel" egter werk. Dit sal 'n algemene beskrywing van 'n spesifieke vliegtuig se kleurskema wees.
::Nogmaals dankie en groete, @[[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 05:34, 9 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
::Goeie dag, @[[Gebruiker:Sobaka|Sobaka]]
::Hier is nog 'n kleurterm wat ek in 'n Wikipedia-artikel wil gebruik: ''Olive Drab''. Kan "olyfgroen"/"dowwe olyfgroen" werk? Groete [[Gebruiker:Gaius le Roux|Gaius le Roux]] ([[Gebruikerbespreking:Gaius le Roux|kontak]]) 05:14, 22 Augustus 2026 (UTC)
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Aandeteskietery by Withuiskorrespondente in 2026
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{{Inligtingskas Burgerlike aanval
|title=Sekuriteisvoorval naby Donald Trump
|location=Washington Hilton
Washington, D.C., [[Verenigde State van Amerika|VSA]]
|date=25 April 2026
|time=8:34 nm. <ref name="time">{{cite news |title=How the White House Correspondents' Dinner shooting unfolded |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/shooting-white-house-correspondents-dinner-video-timeline/ |work=CBS News |date=April 26, 2026 |access-date=27 April 2026 |archive-date=26 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260426145616/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/shooting-white-house-correspondents-dinner-video-timeline/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|target= Senior VSA regeringslui
|type=beweerde [[sluipmoord]]poging
|image= Hilton Washington - view from T Street.JPG |image_size=220
|alt=
|caption= Die Withuis-korrespondente-ete was by die Washington Hilton-hotel gehou, hier in 2010 gesien.
|weapon= 12-boor Mossberg Maverick 88 pomp-aksie haelgeweer
* .38 Super Armscor Precision semi-outomatiese handwapen
* Verskeie messe<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/shooting-suspect-white-house-correspondents-dinner-cole-thomas-allen-rcna342146|title=Suspect in White House Correspondents' dinner shooting wrote of targeting Trump administration|publisher=NBC News|date=25 April 2026}}</ref>}}
Op die aand van [[25 April]] [[2026]] is geweerskote afgevuur naby die hoofsekuriteitsondersoekarea van die jaarlikse ete vir Withuiskorrespondente by die Washington Hilton in [[Washington, D.C.]] President [[Donald Trump]], die [[Eerste Dame]], [[Melania Trump]], visepresident [[J.D. Vance]] en lede van die kabinet is deur die geheime diens ontruim. Dit was die eerste ete vir Withuiskorrespondente wat Trump as 'n sittende president bygewoon het.<ref name="Reuters-manifesto">{{cite news |last1=Erickson |first1=Bo |last2=Hunnicutt |first2=Trevor |title=Suspect in White House press dinner shooting wrote anti-Christian manifesto, Trump says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-was-likely-target-shooting-white-house-correspondents-dinner-us-official-2026-04-26/ |work=Reuters |date=2026-04-26 |access-date=2026-04-26}}</ref>
Wetstoepassingsbeamptes het die verdagte geïdentifiseer as Cole Tomas Allen, wat naby die ondersoekarea buite die banketsaal in hegtenis geneem is. Een beampte is in 'n koeëlvaste baadjie getref; geen ander beserings is aangemeld nie.<ref name="AP-writings">{{cite news |last1=Tucker |first1=Eric |last2=Durkin Richer |first2=Alanna |last3=Balsamo |first3=Michael |title=DC gala shooting suspect aired grievances against Trump in writings to family |url=https://apnews.com/article/white-house-correspondents-dinner-trump-gunman-3cd1911ecc8a4f7d208ba5eb071fc715 |work=Associated Press |date=2026-04-26 |access-date=2026-04-26}}</ref> 'n Manifes wat amptenare aan Allen toegeskryf het, het die beleid van die Trump-administrasie gekritiseer, na homself verwys as die "Vriendelike Federale Sluipmoordenaar", en voorgestel dat hy van plan was om mense wat met die administrasie verbind is, te teiken, en geskryf: "Ek is nie meer bereid om 'n [[pedofiel]], [[verkragter]] en verraaier toe te laat om my hande met sy misdade te bedek nie".<ref name="Reuters-manifesto" /><ref name="AP-writings" />
Joernaliste en kommentators het die skietery bespreek in die konteks van onlangse politieke geweld in die Verenigde State, insluitend vorige sluipmoordpogings teen Trump en dreigemente of aanvalle waarby ander openbare amptenare en politieke figure betrokke was.<ref name="Reuters-manifesto" />
==Agtergrond==
Die Withuiskorrespondentevereniging (WHCA) hou 'n jaarlikse dinee in Washington, D.C., wat tradisioneel bygewoon word deur die sittende president, lede van die pers en ander hoogwaardigheidsbekleërs. Die 2026-dinee, wat by die Washington Hilton gehou is, was die eerste sodanige geleentheid wat deur Trump tydens sy presidentskappe bygewoon is; hy het geweier om dit tydens sy eerste termyn by te woon.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McCreesh |first1=Shawn |title=Trump to Dine With Reporters He's Been Roasting All Week |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/25/us/politics/trump-white-house-correspondents-dinner.html |access-date=25 April 2026 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=25 April 2026 }}</ref> Die 2026-dinee het die mentalis Oz Pearlman as die bekende kunstenaar vertoon. Die geleentheid het ongeveer 2 600 deelnemers gelok, insluitend senior administrasiebeamptes soos visepresident Vance, direkteur van die Federale Buro vir Ondersoek ([[FBI]]), Kash Patel, minister van gesondheid en menslike dienste, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., minister van buitelandse sake, [[Marco Rubio]], en administrateur van die Omgewingsbeskermingsagentskap (EPA), Lee Zeldin.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |title=Trump rushed off stage after shots fired at White House Correspondents' Dinner |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/25/politics/live-news/trump-white-house-correspondents-dinner |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=26 April 2026 }}</ref>
Voormalige [[FBI]]-adjunkdirekteur [[Andrew McCabe]] het gesê dat sekuriteit by die geleentheid "amper op die vlak van 'n nasionale veiligheidsgeleentheid" was, gegewe die konsentrasie van senior regeringsamptenare op een plek, ten spyte van die feit dat die hoogste sekuriteitsvlak nie vir die geleentheid ingeroep is nie. Hy het gesê dat 'n waarskynlike massiewe koördinering tussen die Geheime Diens en vennootagentskappe vooraf gereël is.<ref name=":1" /> Die Associated Press het opgemerk dat die voorportaal van die Washington Hilton gereeld oop bly vir ander gaste tydens die aandete, en dat sekuriteit en sifting tipies nader aan die balsaal self geleë is.<ref name="APNews1">{{cite news |title=Trump unharmed after shooting incident at White House correspondents' dinner |url=https://apnews.com/article/white-house-correspondents-dinner-trump-first-amendment-a0a2446832e8596e66c6fccb8426c8aa |last1=Kim |last2=Madhani |last3=Binkley |last4=Richer |last5=Bauder |work=Associated Press |date=25 April 2026 |access-date=25 April 2026 |first1=Seung Min |first2=Aamer |first3=Collin |first4=Alanna Durkin |first5=David}}</ref>
Die Associated Press het ook opgemerk dat Trump se omstrede verhouding met joernaliste is; voor die aandete het vyfhonderd joernaliste 'n petisie onderteken wat die WHCA aanspoor om Trump se "pogings om persvryheid te vertrap" teen te staan. WHCA-president Weijia Jiang het van haar kant gesê: "Ek dink nie mense besef hoe nou ons met die Withuis saamwerk nie". Onder die betogers buite die geleentheid het een 'n plakkaat opgehou wat gesê het: "[[Joernalistiek]] is dood."<ref name=APNews1 /> In 1981 het John Hinckley jr. probeer om [[Ronald Reagan]] by die ingang van dieselfde hotel te vermoor.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/washington-hilton-history-role-presidency-white-house-correspondents-dinner/ |title=The Washington Hilton's decades-long history with D.C. politics |date=April 26, 2025 |work=CBS News |access-date=26 April 2025|last=Garrett|first=Major|}}</ref><ref name="SeisdedosPaís">{{cite news|url=https://english.elpais.com/usa/2026-04-26/from-kennedy-to-reagan-and-now-for-a-third-time-trump-a-history-of-political-violence-in-the-united-states.html|first=Iker|last=Seisdedos|work=El País|date=2026-04-26|title=From Kennedy to Reagan and now, for a third time, Trump: A history of political violence in the United States|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref>
==Insident==
===Skietery===
[[Lêer:CCTV Footage of Cole Allen Running Past the Security Checkpoint at the Washington Hilton Hotel.webm|duimnael|CCTV-beeldmateriaal van die verdagte wat die veilige area naby die balsaal binnegaan.]]
Omstreeks 20:34 EDT,<ref name="time" /> is die verdagte deur sekuriteit naby die hoofmetaalverklikker-siftingsarea van die Washington Hilton gekonfronteer; aandete is binne die hoofbalsaal bedien. Hy het verby die sekuriteitskontrolepunt gehardloop en ten minste een skoot afgevuur. Hy is agternagesit en daarna aangekeer.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last1=Barrett |first1=Devlin |last2=Haberman |first2=Maggie |date=26 April 2026 |title=Gunman Was Tackled by Law Enforcement Near Correspondents' Dinner Security Checkpoint |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/25/us/politics/suspect-correspondents-dinner-details.html |access-date=26 April 2026 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 }}</ref> Verskeie Amerikaanse Geheime Diensagente het "skote afgevuur" binne die lokaal geskree, volgens mediaberigte.<ref>{{cite news |last=Iyer |first=Kaanita |date=26 April 2026 |title=Trump rushed off stage after possible shots fired at White House Correspondents' Dinner |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/25/politics/trump-rushed-white-house-correspondents-dinner |work=[[CNN]] |access-date=26 April 2026 }}</ref>
[[CNN]]-aanbieder Wolf Blitzer, wat destyds buite die hoofbalsaal was, het berig dat hy slegs 'n paar voet van die gewapende man af was toe die skote afgevuur is. Blitzer het die skieter beskryf asof hy ten minste ses keer iets afgevuur het wat gelyk het na "'n baie ernstige wapen" voordat hy deur die polisie getakel en op die grond gebring is. Blitzer is deur beamptes na veiligheid in 'n nabygeleë badkamer begelei.<ref name=":1" /> Die Geheime Diens het die verdagte gekeer om die balsaal binne te gaan en hy is op die toneel in hegtenis geneem.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Yeung |first1=Tinshui |last2=Bosotti |first2=Rorey |date=2026-04-26 |title=Trump unhurt and suspect in custody after shots fired at White House correspondents' dinner – follow live |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/c1je28p42ret |access-date=2026-04-26 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=}}</ref> Een wetstoepassingsbeampte is in 'n koeëlvaste baadjie getref, maar sal na verwagting herstel.<ref>{{cite news |title=JUST IN: Officer shot in bullet-resistant vest at correspondents' dinner but is expected to be OK, law enforcement official says |url=https://apnews.com/live/trump-shooting-correspondents-dinner#0000019d-c77b-dbb7-a79f-d7ff81990000 |work=Associated Press |date=25 April 2026 |access-date=25 April 2026 }}</ref> Die gewapende man het 'n enkele kniebesering opgedoen as gevolg van die aanval, waarvoor hy na 'n nabygeleë hospitaal geneem is vir behandeling.<ref>{{cite web |title=White House Correspondents' Dinner shooting updates|url=https://abc30.com/post/white-house-correspondents-dinner-shooting-updates-everything-know-suspect-identified-cole-allen-torrance-california/18971151/ |website=KFSN-TV |date=26 April 2026 |access-date=26 April 2026 }}</ref>
===Ontruiming===
Trump, wat aan die hooftafel op die verhoog gesit het terwyl Oz Pearlman 'n toertjie vir hom, sy vrou en Karoline Leavitt uitgevoer het, is ongeveer tien sekondes nadat die skote afgevuur is, deur geheime diensagente omring. Nadat gewapende wagte in taktiese toerusting met gewere op die verhoog verskyn het en sommige ander aanwesiges, insluitend Vance, ontruim is, is Trump van die verhoog af begelei en het kortliks in die proses geval. Baie van die ongeveer 2 600 aanwesiges het onder hul tafels skuiling gesoek.<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump holds press conference after shooting at White House Correspondents' Dinner |work=PBS |archive-date=26 April 2026 |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/watch-live-trump-holds-press-conference-after-shooting-at-white-house-correspondents-dinner |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260426021539/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/watch-live-trump-holds-press-conference-after-shooting-at-white-house-correspondents-dinner }}</ref><ref name=GrynbaumNYT>{{cite news |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/26/business/media/white-house-correspondents-dinner-shooting.html|title=Confusion and Fright Inside the Washington Hilton Ballroom |last=Grynbaum |first=Michael M. |date=26 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=WATCH LIVE: Trump attends White House Correspondents' Dinner for the 1st time as president |work=PBS on Youtube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Dqq_Z8BHmg |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260426000415/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Dqq_Z8BHmg |date=25 April 2026 |archive-date=26 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Oz Pearlman reveals what was on that notepad at White House press event |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2026/04/26/oz-pearlman-white-house-press-dinner-trick-notepad/89810617007/ |work=USA Today |date=26 April 2026 |last=Naugle |first=Wendy}}</ref> UFC se uitvoerende hoof, Dana White, was teenwoordig en beweer dat hy die bevele van die owerhede om "af te klim" geïgnoreer het.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=King |first1=Nolan |title=Dana White gives account of White House Correspondents' Dinner chaos: 'It was f*cking awesome' |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/story/sports/ufc/2026/04/25/white-house-correspondents-dana-white-reaction-donald-trump-shooter/89804788007/ |access-date=April 26, 2026 |website=MMA Junkie |language=en-US |date=26 April 2026 |last2=Aversa |first2=Ralphie |place=Washington}}</ref> Die adjunk-stafhoof van die Withuis, Dan Scavino<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rumpf |first=Sarah |date=26 April 2026 |title=Trump Adviser Dan Scavino Tries and Fails to Start 'USA! USA!' Chant Right After WHCA Dinner Shooting — Gets Shushed by Attendees |url=https://www.mediaite.com/online/trump-adviser-dan-scavino-tries-and-fails-to-start-usa-usa-chant-right-after-whca-dinner-shooting-gets-shushed-by-attendees/ |access-date=26 April 2026 |website=Mediaite |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2026 |title=Trump Adviser Tries — And Fails — To Hype Up Crowd In Awkward Post-Shooting Move |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/trump-adviser-tries-fails-hype-155956951.html |access-date=26 April 2026 |work=HuffPost |language=en-US |last=Blanchet |first=Ben |via=Yahoo News}}</ref> het onsuksesvol probeer om 'n "V-S-A!"-gesang te begin terwyl Trump uitgebegelei is en ander binne die balsaal begin film het.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=McLaughlin |first=Aidan |date=25 April 2026 |title=Donald Trump Rushed Out of White House Correspondents' Dinner After Shots Fired |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/story/trump-rushed-out-white-house-correspondents-dinner |access-date=25 April 2026 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US}}</ref> Eerste Dame Melania Trump, visepresident Vance, die perssekretaris van die Withuis, Leavitt, en ander kabinetslede is ook uit die balsaal ontruim en na veilige wagareas binne die hotel verskuif.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Patten |first=Dominic |date=26 April 2026 |title=Shots Fired At White House Correspondents Dinner, Trump Evacuated, Guests On The Floor |url=https://deadline.com/2026/04/trump-shots-fired-white-house-correspondents-dinner-1236872282/ |access-date=26 April 2026 |magazine=Deadline }}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Verskeie lede van die Kongres is gesien hoe hulle die geleentheid te voet verlaat, insluitend senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) en verteenwoordiger Jared Moskowitz (D-FL).<ref name=":2">{{cite news |last1=McDaniel |first1=Eric |title=Trump rushed from White House Correspondents' Dinner after shooting incident |url=https://www.npr.org/2026/04/25/nx-s1-5799544/trump-white-house-correspondents-dinner |work=NPR |access-date=26 April 2026}}</ref>
Trump het binne die hotel in 'n veilige area gebly terwyl amptenare die situasie beoordeel het. Hy het die Washington Hilton omstreeks 21:45 EDT verlaat vir die Withuis nadat wetstoepassing versoek het dat alle aanwesiges die lokaal verlaat.<ref name="nyt-live-sus-detained">{{cite news |title=Suspect Detained After Gunfire at Dinner Attended by Trump |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2026/04/25/us/trump-correspondents-dinner-shooting |access-date=26 April 2026 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=25 April 2026}}</ref> Onder die aanwesiges is [[Charlie Kirk]] se weduwee, Erika, in trane weggevoer.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://bbc.com/news/live/c1je28p42ret?post=asset%3Ad293cd7d-e89a-4253-b4e5-bc71559b0d12#post |title=White House Correspondents' Association board member describes scene |date=25 April 2026 |access-date=25 April 2026 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>
===Verdagte===
'n Verdagte is naby die skermarea buite die banketsaal in hegtenis geneem.<ref name="nyt-live-sus-detained" /> Die Verenigde State se Geheime Diens het die voorval in 'n verklaring bevestig en gesê dat hulle 'n skietvoorval naby die hoofmagnetometerskermarea ondersoek in samewerking met die Metropolitaanse Polisiedepartement.<ref name=":2"/> Die verdagte het 'n haelgeweer, [[handwapen]] en [[mes]]se gedra.<ref name=":3" /> Volgens die Amerikaanse prokureur Jeanine Pirro, wat tydens die skietery by die ete teenwoordig was, sal hy voorlopig aangekla word van "die gebruik van 'n vuurwapen tydens 'n [[geweld]]smisdaad, en aanranding op 'n federale beampte met 'n gevaarlike wapen", maar het gesê dat ander aanklagte later ingedien kan word.<ref name="APNewsLive">{{cite news |title=Live updates: Trump unharmed after shooting incident outside the White House correspondents' dinner |url=https://apnews.com/live/trump-shooting-correspondents-dinner |editor-last=Yee |editor-first=Curtis |work=Associated Press |date=25 April 2026 |access-date=25 April 2026}}</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name="CBS" /> Op 27 April is Allen aangekla van die poging tot moord op president Donald Trump.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2026 |title=Accused media gala shooter charged with attempt to assassinate Trump |url=https://www.euronews.com/2026/04/27/man-charged-with-attempted-assassination-of-trump-in-white-house-correspondents-dinner-sho |access-date=27 April 2026 |website=euronews |language=en|last=Blackburn|first=Gavin}}</ref> Die interim-polisiehoof van Washington, D.C., Jeffery Carroll, het gesê die verdagte is hospitaal toe geneem vir 'n enkele kniebesering, ten spyte daarvan dat hy nie deur geweervuur getref is nie, en dat ondersoekbeamptes glo dat hy as gas in die hotel gebly het.<ref name="APNewsLive" />
[[Lêer:Official Arrest Photo of Cole Tomas Allen.jpg|duimnael|Cole Tomas Allen se rybewysfoto.]]
Alhoewel die FBI die verdagte nie amptelik by naam genoem het nie, het twee wetstoepassingsbeamptes met nuusagentskappe gepraat en hom as Cole Tomas Allen (gebore 11 April 1995), 'n tutor, [[videospeletjie]]-ontwikkelaar en [[Meganiese ingenieurswese|meganiese ingenieur]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Winton |first=Richard |last6=Email |last7=X |last8=Email |date=26 April 2026 |title=What we know about Cole Tomas Allen, Torrance teacher suspected in D.C. shooting |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2026-04-25/suspect-california-trump-white-house-dinner |access-date=26 April 2026 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US |archive-date=27 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260427011718/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2026-04-25/suspect-california-trump-white-house-dinner |url-status=live }}</ref> van Torrance, Kalifornië, genoem.<ref name="CBS" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wm4s6Jhb1LU |title=Confusion and panic at Washington gala |date=26 April 2026 |work=AFP News Agency |access-date=26 April 2026 |quote= Die vermeende gewapende man, deur Amerikaanse media geïdentifiseer as die 31-jarige Cole Tomas [...] Die FBI het nie bevestig dat hy die skieter was nie.|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Alanna Durkin |first1=Richer |last2=Tucker |first2=Eric |date=26 April 2026 |title=As it happened: When shots were fired outside the White House correspondents' dinner § Shooting suspect identified |url=https://apnews.com/live/trump-shooting-correspondents-dinner#0000019d-c7b4-d837-a3dd-efff56460000 |access-date=27 April 2026 |work=AP News |language=en |quote=The shooting suspect was identified as Cole Tomas Allen, 31, of Torrance, California, two law enforcement officials told the AP.}}</ref> Trump het beelde op Truth Social van Allen geplaas na sy inhegtenisneming, waar hy sonder 'n hemp op die grond lê, met sy hande agter sy rug geboei, en omring word deur Geheime Diensagente.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Lukiv |first=Jaroslav |date=26 April 2026 |title=Cole Tomas Allen: Suspected gunman at Washington press dinner identified as 31-year-old Californian |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cr717nglye0o |access-date=26 April 2026 |work=[[BBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> Die twee wetstoepassingsbeamptes wat met nuusagentskappe gepraat het, het verklaar dat Allen vir C2 Education, 'n tutorfirma in Torrance, gewerk het en in Desember 2024 'n "Onderwyser van die Maand"-toekenning van die maatskappy ontvang het.<ref name="CBS" /><ref name=":4" /> Volgens rekords van die Federale Verkiesingskommissie het Allen $25 aan 'n [[Demokratiese Party (Verenigde State)|Demokratiese Party]] PAC, ActBlue, geskenk vir [[Kamala Harris]] se presidensiële veldtog in Oktober 2024.<ref name=":5">{{cite news |title=White House Correspondents' Dinner shooting suspect worked as California teacher |url=https://www.cnn.com/2026/04/26/us/white-house-correspondents-dinner-shooter-teacher-invs |work=[[CNN]] |date=26 April 2026 |access-date=26 April 2026 |last1=Tolan |first1=Casey |last2=Holmes |first2=Kristen |last3=Lybrand |first3=Holmes |last4=Lah |first4=Kyung}}</ref><ref name="CBS" /> Allen woon sedert November 2010 in die Groter [[Los Angeles]]-gebied, insluitend Torrance, San Gabriel, [[Pasadena, Kalifornië|Pasadena]] en Suid-Pasadena.<ref name="Pasadena">{{Cite news |date=26 April 2026 |title=Caltech Graduate Charged in White House Correspondents’ Dinner Shooting|url=https://pasadenanow.com/main/caltech-graduate-charged-in-white-house-correspondents-dinner-shooting |access-date=26 April 2026 |work=PasadenaNow|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2026 |title=What we know about the suspect in shooting at White House Correspondents' Dinner|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/white-house-correspondents-dinner-shooting-suspect-cole-allen/ |access-date=26 April 2026 |work=CBS News |language=en-US}}</ref>
[[Lêer:April 2026 WH correspondents suspect 01.jpg|duimnael|Kort na die skietery het president Donald Trump 'n foto op Truth Social geplaas van die inhegtenisneming van Cole Tomas Allen.]]
Familielede is deur ondersoekbeamptes ondervra en agente van die Geheime Diens het gesê dat Allen "radikale stellings gemaak het en dat hy voortdurend na 'n plan verwys het om 'iets' te doen om die probleme met vandag se wêreld op te los", dat hy deel was van 'n groep genaamd "The Wide Awakes", No Kings-protesoptogte in [[Kalifornië]] bygewoon het en gereeld na 'n skietbaan sou gaan om met vuurwapens te oefen.<ref name="CBS" /> Allen se suster wat in Rockville, [[Maryland]] woon, het ook aan wetstoepassing geantwoord dat Allen twee handwapens en 'n haelgeweer gekoop het, wat hy sonder hul medewete by hul ouers se huis gebêre het.<ref name="WTTG">{{cite web |title=Family warnings, weapons details emerge in White House dinner shooting|url=https://www.fox5dc.com/news/family-warnings-weapons-details-emerge-white-house-dinner-shooting|website=WTTG |date=26 April 2026 |access-date=26 April 2026}}</ref> Voor die skietery het Allen se broer wat in New London, [[Connecticut]] woon, die New London-polisiedepartement in kennis gestel van die beweerde manifes wat hy aan sy familielede gestuur het.<ref name="WVIT">{{cite web |title=Suspect's brother notified New London police after White House Correspondents' Dinner gunfire|url=https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/new-london-police/3729701/|website=WVIT |date=26 April 2026 |access-date=26 April 2026 |last=Haake|first=Garrett}}</ref><ref name="FOX11">{{cite web |title=Live updates: Cole Allen, accused WHCA gunman, had manifesto targeting Trump, top officials |url=https://www.foxla.com/news/cole-allen-whca-dinner-shooting-suspect |website=KTTV |date=26 April 2026 |access-date=26 April 2026 |last=Miller |first=Heather}}</ref> Die amptenaar het die skrywe gekarakteriseer as 'n vertoon van anti-Trump-sentiment en beskryf sy teikens as administrasiebeamptes, en nie gaste of hotelwerknemers nie.<ref name="WVIT" /> Volgens die amptenaar vra Allen om verskoning aan familie en vriende in sy skrywe, en sê dat hy nie vergifnis verwag nie.<ref name="WVIT" /> Die New London-polisie het hul saak onmiddellik daarna aan federale wetstoepassing oorhandig.<ref name="WVIT" /> Na die voorval het beide FBI-agente en die Torrance-polisiedepartement deur Allen se Gramercylaan-huis in die Old Torrance-woonbuurt geswerm, insluitend die gebruik van taktiese toerusting en gepantserde voertuie.<ref name="ABC7LA">{{cite web |title=What we know about the SoCal man ID'd as suspect in White House Correspondents' Dinner shooting |url=https://abc7.com/post/white-house-correspondents-dinner-shooting-updates-everything-know-suspect-identified-cole-allen-torrance-california/18970773/ |website=KABC-TV |date=26 April 2026 |access-date=26 April 2026 |archive-date=26 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260426211540/https://abc7.com/post/white-house-correspondents-dinner-shooting-updates-everything-know-suspect-identified-cole-allen-torrance-california/18970773/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Waarnemende Amerikaanse prokureur-generaal Todd Blanche het geantwoord dat Allen op 21 April aan boord van Amtrak gegaan het en twee van hul roetes geneem het, die Southwest Chief van Los Angeles na Chicago en die Floridian van Chicago na Washington, voordat hy op 24 April as gas by die hotel ingeboek het.<ref name="KTLA">{{cite web |title=Neighbor of suspected White House Correspondents' Dinner shooter says his parents are 'very solid' |url=https://ktla.com/news/local-news/neighbor-of-suspected-white-house-correspondents-dinner-shooter-says-his-parents-are-very-solid/ |website=KTLA |date=26 April 2026 |access-date=26 April 2026 }}{{Dooie skakel|date=Mei 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
'n Manifes wat na bewering die verdagte se leesstuk is, lui gedeeltelik:<ref name=BraunGuardian>{{cite news |last=Braun |first=Sam |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=April 26, 2026 |title=Anti-Trump sentiment being examined as motive for White House press dinner shooting |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/apr/26/white-house-press-dinner-shooting-motive}}</ref>
“Ek is 'n burger van die Verenigde State van Amerika. Wat my verteenwoordigers doen, weerspieël my. En ek is nie meer bereid om toe te laat dat 'n pedofiel, verkragter en verraaier my hande met sy misdade bedek nie... Om die ander wang te draai wanneer *iemand anders* onderdruk word, is nie Christelike gedrag nie; dit is medepligtigheid aan die onderdrukker se misdade."
Die manifes noem nie Trump nie, maar lys onder sy griewe die federale regering se aanvalle op wat dit beweer het dwelmbote in die [[Stille Oseaan]] 'n paar maande tevore was.<ref name=BraunGuardian /> Dit het ook die sekuriteit by die hotel gekritiseer en gesê: "wat de hel doen die Geheime Diens?... Geen verdomde sekuriteit nie. Nie in vervoer nie. Nie in die hotel nie. Nie in die geleentheid nie." CBS News het opgemerk dat omdat die Washington Hilton 'n "funksionele hotel met talle openbare ruimtes tydens die aandete" was, slegs die areas waar die aandete plaasgevind het, deur die Geheime Diens beveilig is.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Jacobs |first1=Jennifer |last2=Schecter |first2=Anna |last3=Sganga |first3=Nicole |date=26 April 2026 |title=The White House Correspondents' Dinner suspect sent a "manifesto" to his family. CBS News reviewed what's in it. |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/white-house-correspondents-dinner-suspect-manifesto-details/ |access-date=26 April 2026 |work=CBS News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2026 |title=Trump says shooting suspect wrote anti-Christian manifesto |url=https://www.rte.ie/news/us/2026/0426/1570231-trump-correspondents-dinner/ |access-date=27 April 2026 |work=RTÉ}}</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|3}}
[[Kategorie:Sluipmoord]]
[[Kategorie:Misdaad in die Verenigde State van Amerika]]
[[Kategorie:2026]]
5o79z50pf5f4tk8h6hj68wrjkq46j0l
Gebruiker:Антивандал-эхо
2
463933
2928818
2918293
2026-08-22T11:54:28Z
Антивандал-эхо
211267
2928818
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Babel|ru|en-3}}
lqilqqbdy1ig0zyes1mcbhzqvw60gnj
2026 Nederlandse Grand Prix
0
463955
2928777
2928638
2026-08-22T08:15:49Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Snelkwalifisering */
2928777
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Sportnuus}}
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 24em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|NED}} 2026 Formule 1 Heineken Nederlandse Grand Prix
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Circuit Zandvoort F1.png|280px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>23 Augustus 2026</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Zandvoort-renbaan]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small></small>
| <small></small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small></small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste rondte</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small></small>
| <small></small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small></small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podiumplekke</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small></small> || <small></small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small></small> || <small></small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small></small> || <small></small>
|}
Die '''[[2026 Formule Een-seisoen|2026 Formule Een]] [[Nederlandse Grand Prix]]''' word op [[23 Augustus]] [[2026]] op die [[Zandvoort-renbaan]] in [[Nederland]] gehou. Dit sal die twaalfde wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen wees.
[[Lêer:Formula one Circuit Park in the dunes of Zandvoort in the Netherlands (47856564401).jpg|duimnael|regs|300px|[[Zandvoort-renbaan|Zandvoort]] uit die lug gesien.]]
Die Nederlandse Grand Prix is die vyfde van ses GP-naweke vanjaar waarin 'n "naelren" gehou word. ’n Naelren is amper dieselfde as ’n gewone wedren, met die verskil dat die wedren minder tyd neem. Die afstand van die naelren is ongeveer 100 kilometer (30 minute).
Die Grand Prix-naweek begin Vrydag met die vrye oefening van sestig minute, gevolg deur die naelrenkwalifisering. Op Saterdag word die naelren gehou, gevolg deur die kwalifisering vir die wegspringrooster vir die hoofren op Sondag.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Zandvoort
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br />Hard C2
| {{spaces|3}}[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br />Medium C3
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br />Sag C4
| {{spaces|1}}[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br />Tussen-in
| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br />{{spaces|3}}Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|12
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:12.949
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.070
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.074
|-
!4
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.139
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.238
|-
!colspan=6|Bron:<ref>{{en}}{{Citeer web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1292/netherlands/practice/1 |titel=Formula 1 Heineken Dutch Grand Prix 2026 – Practice 1 |uitgever=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2026-08-21}}</ref>
|}
== Snelkwalifisering ==
Die uitslag bepaal die roosteropstelling vir die naelren op Saterdag.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan=2|Plek
!rowspan=2|Nr.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
!scope=col|SK1
!scope=col|SK2
!scope=col|SK3
|-
!1
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.278
| 1:12.235
| '''1:11.567'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.071
| 1:12.189
| 1:11.608
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.011
| '''1:12.190'''
| 1:11.622
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.126
| 1:12.026
| '''1:11.666'''
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|12
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.668
| 1:12.511
| 1:11.794
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|3
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| 1:13.585
| 1:12.771
| 1:12.094
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.151
| 1:12.445
| 1:12.191
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.977
| 1:12.720
| 1:12.578
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|5
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Gabriel Bortoleto]]
| [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| 1:13.730
| 1:12.786
| 1:12.583
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|41
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Arvid Lindblad]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| 1:14.057
| 1:12.785
| 1:12.737
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| 1:13.420
| 1:13.136
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=11|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| 1:14.490
| 1:13.145
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=12|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:14.618
| 1:13.439
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=13|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| 1:14.284
| 1:13.616
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=14|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:14.503
| 1:13.893
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=15|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:14.596
| 1:14.294
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=16|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|87
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:14.728
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=17|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=17|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.|Carlos Sainz]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:14.738
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=18|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=18|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| 1:15.391
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=19|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=19|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:15.472
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=20|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=20|
| align=center|20
|-
!21
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:15.545
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=21|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=21|
| align=center|21
|-
!22
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| 1:16.014
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=22|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=22|
| align=center|22
|-
!colspan="8"|SK1 107% tyd: 1:18.407
|-
!colspan=8|Bronnen:<ref>{{en}}{{Citeer web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2025/races/1292/netherlands/sprint-qualifying |titel=Formula 1 Heineken Dutch Grand Prix 2026 – Sprint Qualifying |uitgever=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2026-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Citeer web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2025/races/1292/netherlands/sprint-grid |titel=Formula 1 Heineken Dutch Grand Prix 2026 – Sprint Grid |uitgever=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2026-08-21}}</ref>
|}
== Naelren ==
=== Naelrenuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
!Plek
!Nr.
!Renjaer
!Vervaardiger
!Rondes
!Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
!Rooster
!Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!2
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''7'''
|-
!3
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!4
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''5'''
|-
!5
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!6
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''3'''
|-
!7
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!8
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!9
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!10
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!11
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!12
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!13
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!14
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!15
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!16
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!17
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!18
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!19
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!20
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!21
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!22
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
!Plek
!Nr.
!Renjaer
!Vervaardiger
!K1
!K2
!K3
!Rooster
|-
!1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 1
|-
!2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 2
|-
!3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 3
|-
!4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 4
|-
!5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 5
|-
!6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 6
|-
!7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 7
|-
!8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 8
|-
!9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 9
|-
!10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 10
|-
!11
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 11
|-
!12
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 12
|-
!13
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 13
|-
!14
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 14
|-
!15
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 15
|-
!16
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 16
|-
!17
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 17
|-
!18
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 18
|-
!19
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 19
|-
!20
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 20
|-
!21
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 21
|-
!22
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 22
|-
!colspan="8"| K1 107% tyd:
|}
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
!Plek
!Nr.
!Renjaer
!Vervaardiger
!Rondes
!Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
!Rooster
!Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!12
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!13
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!14
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!15
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!16
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!17
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!18
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!19
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!20
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!21
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!22
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|}
== Puntestand vóór die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!Plek
!Nr.
!Renjaer
!Span
!Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|12
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|219
|-
!2
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|169
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|160
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|138
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|128
|-
!6
| align=center|3
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|109
|-
!7
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|92
|-
!8
| align=center|6
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Isack Hadjar]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|68
|-
!9
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|43
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|42
|-
!11
| align=center|41
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Arvid Lindblad]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|23
|-
!12
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
|-
!13
| align=center|87
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|18
|-
!14
| align=center|5
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Gabriel Bortoleto]]
| [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| align=center|10
|-
!15
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|6
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|5
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|3
|-
!18
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| align=center|2
|-
!19
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| align=center|1
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!22
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!Plek
!Span
!Punte
|-
!1
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|379
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|307
|-
!3
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|220
|-
!4
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|177
|-
!5
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|66
|-
!6
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|61
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|21
|-
!8
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|21
|-
!9
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| align=center|12
|-
!10
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| align=center|1
|-
!11
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2026 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2026|Nederland]]
[[Kategorie:Nederlandse Grand Prix]]
1em6xlqh3nrr5sbrqwvbr22w09d1q0y
2928778
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Aliwal2012
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/* Snelkwalifisering */ korr vetdruk van tye
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text/x-wiki
{{Sportnuus}}
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 24em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|NED}} 2026 Formule 1 Heineken Nederlandse Grand Prix
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Circuit Zandvoort F1.png|280px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>23 Augustus 2026</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Zandvoort-renbaan]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small></small>
| <small></small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small></small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste rondte</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small></small>
| <small></small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small></small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podiumplekke</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small></small> || <small></small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small></small> || <small></small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small></small> || <small></small>
|}
Die '''[[2026 Formule Een-seisoen|2026 Formule Een]] [[Nederlandse Grand Prix]]''' word op [[23 Augustus]] [[2026]] op die [[Zandvoort-renbaan]] in [[Nederland]] gehou. Dit sal die twaalfde wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen wees.
[[Lêer:Formula one Circuit Park in the dunes of Zandvoort in the Netherlands (47856564401).jpg|duimnael|regs|300px|[[Zandvoort-renbaan|Zandvoort]] uit die lug gesien.]]
Die Nederlandse Grand Prix is die vyfde van ses GP-naweke vanjaar waarin 'n "naelren" gehou word. ’n Naelren is amper dieselfde as ’n gewone wedren, met die verskil dat die wedren minder tyd neem. Die afstand van die naelren is ongeveer 100 kilometer (30 minute).
Die Grand Prix-naweek begin Vrydag met die vrye oefening van sestig minute, gevolg deur die naelrenkwalifisering. Op Saterdag word die naelren gehou, gevolg deur die kwalifisering vir die wegspringrooster vir die hoofren op Sondag.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Zandvoort
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br />Hard C2
| {{spaces|3}}[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br />Medium C3
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br />Sag C4
| {{spaces|1}}[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br />Tussen-in
| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br />{{spaces|3}}Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|12
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:12.949
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.070
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.074
|-
!4
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.139
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.238
|-
!colspan=6|Bron:<ref>{{en}}{{Citeer web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1292/netherlands/practice/1 |titel=Formula 1 Heineken Dutch Grand Prix 2026 – Practice 1 |uitgever=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2026-08-21}}</ref>
|}
== Snelkwalifisering ==
Die uitslag bepaal die roosteropstelling vir die naelren op Saterdag.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan=2|Plek
!rowspan=2|Nr.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
!scope=col|SK1
!scope=col|SK2
!scope=col|SK3
|-
!1
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.278
| 1:12.235
| '''1:11.567'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.071
| 1:12.189
| 1:11.608
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| '''1:13.011'''
| '''1:12.190'''
| 1:11.622
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.126
| 1:12.026
| 1:11.666
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|12
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.668
| 1:12.511
| 1:11.794
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|3
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| 1:13.585
| 1:12.771
| 1:12.094
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.151
| 1:12.445
| 1:12.191
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.977
| 1:12.720
| 1:12.578
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|5
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Gabriel Bortoleto]]
| [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| 1:13.730
| 1:12.786
| 1:12.583
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|41
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Arvid Lindblad]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| 1:14.057
| 1:12.785
| 1:12.737
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| 1:13.420
| 1:13.136
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=11|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| 1:14.490
| 1:13.145
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=12|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:14.618
| 1:13.439
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=13|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| 1:14.284
| 1:13.616
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=14|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:14.503
| 1:13.893
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=15|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:14.596
| 1:14.294
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=16|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|87
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:14.728
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=17|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=17|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.|Carlos Sainz]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:14.738
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=18|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=18|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| 1:15.391
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=19|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=19|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:15.472
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=20|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=20|
| align=center|20
|-
!21
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:15.545
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=21|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=21|
| align=center|21
|-
!22
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| 1:16.014
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=22|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=22|
| align=center|22
|-
!colspan="8"|SK1 107% tyd: 1:18.407
|-
!colspan=8|Bronnen:<ref>{{en}}{{Citeer web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2025/races/1292/netherlands/sprint-qualifying |titel=Formula 1 Heineken Dutch Grand Prix 2026 – Sprint Qualifying |uitgever=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2026-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Citeer web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2025/races/1292/netherlands/sprint-grid |titel=Formula 1 Heineken Dutch Grand Prix 2026 – Sprint Grid |uitgever=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2026-08-21}}</ref>
|}
== Naelren ==
=== Naelrenuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
!Plek
!Nr.
!Renjaer
!Vervaardiger
!Rondes
!Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
!Rooster
!Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!2
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''7'''
|-
!3
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!4
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''5'''
|-
!5
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!6
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''3'''
|-
!7
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!8
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!9
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!10
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!11
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!12
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!13
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!14
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!15
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!16
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!17
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!18
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!19
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!20
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!21
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!22
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
!Plek
!Nr.
!Renjaer
!Vervaardiger
!K1
!K2
!K3
!Rooster
|-
!1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 1
|-
!2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 2
|-
!3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 3
|-
!4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 4
|-
!5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 5
|-
!6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 6
|-
!7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 7
|-
!8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 8
|-
!9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 9
|-
!10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 10
|-
!11
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 11
|-
!12
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 12
|-
!13
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 13
|-
!14
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 14
|-
!15
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 15
|-
!16
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 16
|-
!17
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 17
|-
!18
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 18
|-
!19
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 19
|-
!20
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 20
|-
!21
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 21
|-
!22
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 22
|-
!colspan="8"| K1 107% tyd:
|}
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
!Plek
!Nr.
!Renjaer
!Vervaardiger
!Rondes
!Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
!Rooster
!Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!12
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!13
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!14
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!15
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!16
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!17
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!18
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!19
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!20
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!21
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!22
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|}
== Puntestand vóór die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!Plek
!Nr.
!Renjaer
!Span
!Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|12
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|219
|-
!2
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|169
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|160
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|138
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|128
|-
!6
| align=center|3
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|109
|-
!7
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|92
|-
!8
| align=center|6
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Isack Hadjar]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|68
|-
!9
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|43
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|42
|-
!11
| align=center|41
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Arvid Lindblad]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|23
|-
!12
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
|-
!13
| align=center|87
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|18
|-
!14
| align=center|5
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Gabriel Bortoleto]]
| [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| align=center|10
|-
!15
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|6
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|5
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|3
|-
!18
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| align=center|2
|-
!19
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| align=center|1
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!22
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!Plek
!Span
!Punte
|-
!1
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|379
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|307
|-
!3
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|220
|-
!4
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|177
|-
!5
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|66
|-
!6
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|61
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|21
|-
!8
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|21
|-
!9
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| align=center|12
|-
!10
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| align=center|1
|-
!11
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2026 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2026|Nederland]]
[[Kategorie:Nederlandse Grand Prix]]
6awqoqz1fevjnexyswkzhrajojxs16t
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/* Snelkwalifisering */ korr
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{{Sportnuus}}
[[Lêer:Formula One logo.svg|thumb|260px|Formule 1 logo]]
{| class="infobox" align="right" cellpadding="2" style="float:right; width: 24em; "
|+ style="font-size:85%;" |
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| {{vlagikoon|NED}} 2026 Formule 1 Heineken Nederlandse Grand Prix
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | [[Lêer:Circuit Zandvoort F1.png|280px]]
|-
| style="width: 20%;" | '''<small>Datum</small>'''
| <small>23 Augustus 2026</small>
|-
| '''<small>Plek</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small>[[Zandvoort-renbaan]]</small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Voorste wegspringplek</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small></small>
| <small></small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small></small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Vinnigste rondte</small>
|-
| '''<small>Renjaer</small>'''
| <small></small>
| <small></small>
|-
| '''<small>Tyd</small>'''
|colspan=2| <small></small>
|-
!colspan="3" bgcolor="#efefef"| <small>Podiumplekke</small>
|-
| '''<small>1</small>''' || <small></small> || <small></small>
|-
| '''<small>2</small>''' || <small></small> || <small></small>
|-
| '''<small>3</small>''' || <small></small> || <small></small>
|}
Die '''[[2026 Formule Een-seisoen|2026 Formule Een]] [[Nederlandse Grand Prix]]''' word op [[23 Augustus]] [[2026]] op die [[Zandvoort-renbaan]] in [[Nederland]] gehou. Dit sal die twaalfde wedren van die kampioenskapseisoen wees.
[[Lêer:Formula one Circuit Park in the dunes of Zandvoort in the Netherlands (47856564401).jpg|duimnael|regs|300px|[[Zandvoort-renbaan|Zandvoort]] uit die lug gesien.]]
Die Nederlandse Grand Prix is die vyfde van ses GP-naweke vanjaar waarin 'n "naelren" gehou word. ’n Naelren is amper dieselfde as ’n gewone wedren, met die verskil dat die wedren minder tyd neem. Die afstand van die naelren is ongeveer 100 kilometer (30 minute).
Die Grand Prix-naweek begin Vrydag met die vrye oefening van sestig minute, gevolg deur die naelrenkwalifisering. Op Saterdag word die naelren gehou, gevolg deur die kwalifisering vir die wegspringrooster vir die hoofren op Sondag.
== Bande ==
[[Pirelli]] het die volgende bande aan alle spanne verskaf:
{| class="wikitable gauche" style="text-align:gauche;"
|+ Bande vir gebruik te Zandvoort
|-
!colspan=3 scope="col"| Bande vir 'n droë baan
!colspan=2 scope="col"| Reënbande
|-
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_White.svg|55px]]<br />Hard C2
| {{spaces|3}}[[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Yellow.svg|55px]]<br />Medium C3
| [[Lêer:F1_tire_Pirelli_PZero_Red.svg|55px]]<br />Sag C4
| {{spaces|1}}[[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Green.svg|55px]]<br />Tussen-in
| [[Lêer:F1 tire Pirelli Cinturato Blue.svg|55px]]<br />{{spaces|3}}Reën
|}
== Vrye oefening ==
=== Uitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! rowspan="6"|Vrye oefening
! Pos.
! No.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Tyd
|-
!1
| align=center|12
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:12.949
|-
!2
| align=center|81
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.070
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.074
|-
!4
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.139
|-
!5
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.238
|-
!colspan=6|Bron:<ref>{{en}}{{Citeer web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2026/races/1292/netherlands/practice/1 |titel=Formula 1 Heineken Dutch Grand Prix 2026 – Practice 1 |uitgever=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2026-08-21}}</ref>
|}
== Snelkwalifisering ==
Die uitslag bepaal die roosteropstelling vir die naelren op Saterdag.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!rowspan=2|Plek
!rowspan=2|Nr.
!rowspan=2|Renjaer
!rowspan=2|Vervaardiger
!colspan=3|Kwalifiseertyd
!rowspan=2|Rooster
|-
!scope=col|SK1
!scope=col|SK2
!scope=col|SK3
|-
!1
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.278
| 1:12.235
| '''1:11.567'''
| align=center|1
|-
!2
| align=center|1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.071
| 1:12.189
| 1:11.608
| align=center|2
|-
!3
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| '''1:13.011'''
| 1:12.190
| 1:11.622
| align=center|3
|-
!4
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.126
| '''1:12.026'''
| 1:11.666
| align=center|4
|-
!5
| align=center|12
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| 1:13.668
| 1:12.511
| 1:11.794
| align=center|5
|-
!6
| align=center|3
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| 1:13.585
| 1:12.771
| 1:12.094
| align=center|6
|-
!7
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 1:13.151
| 1:12.445
| 1:12.191
| align=center|7
|-
!8
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:13.977
| 1:12.720
| 1:12.578
| align=center|8
|-
!9
| align=center|5
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Gabriel Bortoleto]]
| [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| 1:13.730
| 1:12.786
| 1:12.583
| align=center|9
|-
!10
| align=center|41
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Arvid Lindblad]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| 1:14.057
| 1:12.785
| 1:12.737
| align=center|10
|-
!11
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| 1:13.420
| 1:13.136
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=11|
| align=center|11
|-
!12
| align=center|22
| {{JP-VLAG}} [[Yuki Tsunoda]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| 1:14.490
| 1:13.145
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=12|
| align=center|12
|-
!13
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:14.618
| 1:13.439
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=13|
| align=center|13
|-
!14
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| 1:14.284
| 1:13.616
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=14|
| align=center|14
|-
!15
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:14.503
| 1:13.893
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=15|
| align=center|15
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:14.596
| 1:14.294
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=16|
| align=center|16
|-
!17
| align=center|87
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:14.728
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=17|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=17|
| align=center|17
|-
!18
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.|Carlos Sainz]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| 1:14.738
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=18|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=18|
| align=center|18
|-
!19
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| 1:15.391
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=19|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=19|
| align=center|19
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:15.472
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=20|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=20|
| align=center|20
|-
!21
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| 1:15.545
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=21|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=21|
| align=center|21
|-
!22
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| 1:16.014
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=22|
|style="background-color:#ffcccc" data-sort-value=22|
| align=center|22
|-
!colspan="8"|SK1 107% tyd: 1:18.407
|-
!colspan=8|Bronne:<ref>{{en}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2025/races/1292/netherlands/sprint-qualifying |title=Formula 1 Heineken Dutch Grand Prix 2026 – Sprint Qualifying |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2026-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{en}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.formula1.com/en/results/2025/races/1292/netherlands/sprint-grid |title=Formula 1 Heineken Dutch Grand Prix 2026 – Sprint Grid |publisher=Formula 1® - The Official F1® Website |datum=2026-08-21}}</ref>
|}
== Naelren ==
=== Naelrenuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
!Plek
!Nr.
!Renjaer
!Vervaardiger
!Rondes
!Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
!Rooster
!Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''8'''
|-
!2
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''7'''
|-
!3
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''6'''
|-
!4
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''5'''
|-
!5
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''4'''
|-
!6
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''3'''
|-
!7
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''2'''
|-
!8
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center|'''1'''
|-
!9
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!10
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!11
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!12
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!13
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!14
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!15
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!16
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!17
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!18
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!19
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!20
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!21
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!22
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|}
== Kwalifisering ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
!Plek
!Nr.
!Renjaer
!Vervaardiger
!K1
!K2
!K3
!Rooster
|-
!1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 1
|-
!2
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 2
|-
!3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 3
|-
!4
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 4
|-
!5
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 5
|-
!6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 6
|-
!7
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 7
|-
!8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 8
|-
!9
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 9
|-
!10
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center| 10
|-
!11
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 11
|-
!12
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 12
|-
!13
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 13
|-
!14
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 14
|-
!15
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 15
|-
!16
|
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 16
|-
!17
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 17
|-
!18
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 18
|-
!19
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 19
|-
!20
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 20
|-
!21
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 21
|-
!22
|
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
| style="background-color:#ffcccc" |
|align=center| 22
|-
!colspan="8"| K1 107% tyd:
|}
== Wedren ==
=== Renuitslag ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
!Plek
!Nr.
!Renjaer
!Vervaardiger
!Rondes
!Tyd/Oorsaak uitval
!Rooster
!Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''25'''
|-
!2
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''18'''
|-
!3
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''15'''
|-
!4
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''12'''
|-
!5
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''10'''
|-
!6
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''8'''
|-
!7
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''6'''
|-
!8
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''4'''
|-
!9
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''2'''
|-
!10
| align=center|
| ''''''
| ''''''
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
| align=center| '''1'''
|-
!11
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!12
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!13
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!14
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!15
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!16
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!17
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!18
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!19
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!20
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!21
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|-
!22
| align=center|
|
|
| align=center|
|
| align=center|
|
|}
== Puntestand vóór die Grand Prix ==
{{BeginKolomme}}
=== Renjaers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!Plek
!Nr.
!Renjaer
!Span
!Punte
|-
!1
| align=center|12
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Kimi Antonelli]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|219
|-
!2
| align=center|44
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|169
|-
!3
| align=center|63
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[George Russell]]
| [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|160
|-
!4
| align=center|16
| {{MC-VLAG}} [[Charles Leclerc]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|138
|-
!5
| align=center|1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Lando Norris]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|128
|-
!6
| align=center|3
| {{NL-VLAG}} [[Max Verstappen]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|109
|-
!7
| align=center|81
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Oscar Piastri]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|92
|-
!8
| align=center|6
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Isack Hadjar]]
| [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|68
|-
!9
| align=center|30
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Liam Lawson]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|43
|-
!10
| align=center|10
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Pierre Gasly]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|42
|-
!11
| align=center|41
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Arvid Lindblad]]
| [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|23
|-
!12
| align=center|43
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Franco Colapinto]]
| [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|19
|-
!13
| align=center|87
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Oliver Bearman]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|18
|-
!14
| align=center|5
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Gabriel Bortoleto]]
| [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| align=center|10
|-
!15
| align=center|55
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Carlos Sainz jr.]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|6
|-
!16
| align=center|23
| {{TH-VLAG}} [[Alexander Albon]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|5
|-
!17
| align=center|31
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Esteban Ocon]]
| [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|3
|-
!18
| align=center|27
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]
| [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| align=center|2
|-
!19
| align=center|14
| {{ES-VLAG}} [[Fernando Alonso]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| align=center|1
|-
!20
| align=center|77
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]
| [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!21
| align=center|11
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Sergio Pérez]]
| [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|-
!22
| align=center|18
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Lance Stroll]]
| [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{NuweKolom}}
=== Vervaardigers ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
!Plek
!Span
!Punte
|-
!1
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Mercedes AMG Petronas F1-span|Mercedes AMG]]
| align=center|379
|-
!2
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| align=center|307
|-
!3
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|220
|-
!4
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Red Bull Racing]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|177
|-
!5
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Racing Bulls]]-[[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull Ford]]
| align=center|66
|-
!6
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Alpine F1-span|Alpine]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|61
|-
!7
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Haas F1-span|Haas]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|21
|-
!8
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]]
| align=center|21
|-
!9
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Audi F1-span|Audi]]
| align=center|12
|-
!10
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Aston Martin F1|Aston Martin]]-[[Honda]]
| align=center|1
|-
!11
| {{VS-VLAG}} [[Cadillac F1-span|Cadillac]]-[[Ferrari]]
| align=center|0
|}
{{EindeKolomme}}
== Sien ook ==
* [[2026 Formule Een-seisoen]]
* [[Lys van Formule Een Grands Prix]]
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings}}
{{F1GP 2020–2029}}
[[Kategorie:Sport in 2026|Nederland]]
[[Kategorie:Nederlandse Grand Prix]]
rpczrtw6pqh0nqcb1cxe5rn735hacbf
1977 Sweedse Grand Prix
0
464304
2928687
2925653
2026-08-21T14:43:09Z
Aliwal2012
39067
2928687
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Die '''[[1977 Formule Een-seisoen|1977]] [[Sweedse Grand Prix]]''' is op 19 Junie 1977 op die [[Skandinawiese Renbaan]] in Anderstorp, Swede gehou. Dit was die agtste wedren van die seisoen.
== Renuitslag ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Rede
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
! 1
| 26
| {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Jacques Laffite]]'''
| '''[[Ligier]]-Matra'''
| 72
| 1:46:56.4
| 8
| '''9'''
|-
! 2
| 2
| {{DE-VLAG}} '''[[Jochen Mass]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 72
| 8.449
| 9
| '''6'''
|-
! 3
| 12
| {{AR-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Reutemann]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| 72
| 14.369
| 12
| '''4'''
|-
! 4
| 4
| {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Patrick Depailler]]'''
| '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 72
| 16.308
| 6
| '''3'''
|-
! 5
| 7
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[John Watson]]'''
| '''[[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]]'''
| 72
| 18.735
| 2
| '''2'''
|-
! 6
| 5
| {{US-VLAG}} '''[[Mario Andretti]]'''
| '''[[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 72
| 25.277
| 1
| '''1'''
|-
! 7
| 22
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]
| [[Ensign (Formule 1)|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 72
| 31.266
| 14
|
|-
! 8
| 34
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]
| [[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 72
| + 1:04.567
| 17
|
|-
! 9
| 16
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Jackie Oliver]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 72
| + 1:22.479
| 16
|
|-
! 10
| 8
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Hans Joachim Stuck]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]]
| 71
| + 1 Ronde
| 5
|
|-
! 11
| 30
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Brett Lunger]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 71
| + 1 Ronde
| 22
|
|-
! 12
| 1
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[James Hunt]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 71
| + 1 Ronde
| 3
|
|-
! 13
| 24
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Rupert Keegan]]
| [[Hesketh (Formule 1)|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 71
| + 1 Ronde
| 24
|
|-
! 14
| 31
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[David Purley]]
| [[LEC (Formule 1)|LEC]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 70
| + 2 Rondes
| 19
|
|-
! 15
| 27
| {{BE-VLAG}} [[Patrick Neve]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 69
| + 3 Rondes
| 20
|
|-
! 16
| 25
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Harald Ertl]]
| [[Hesketh (Formule 1)|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 68
| + 4 Rondes
| 23
|
|-
! 17
| 17
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Alan Jones]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 67
| + 5 Rondes
| 11
|
|-
! 18
| 28
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]
| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 66
| + 6 Rondes
| 18
|
|-
! 19
| 6
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Gunnar Nilsson]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 64
| Wiellaer
| 7
|
|-
! NF
| 10
| [[Beeld:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|20px]] [[Ian Scheckter]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 61
| Transmissie
| 21
|
|-
|}
{{F1GP 1970–1979}}
[[Kategorie:Sweedse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 1977]]
lcys8y9x6fao9a98oxvopcgut8c47ap
1978 Sweedse Grand Prix
0
464305
2928699
2925647
2026-08-21T15:17:08Z
Aliwal2012
39067
2928699
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Die '''[[1978 Formule Een-seisoen|1978]] [[Sweedse Grand Prix]]''' is op 17 Junie 1978 op die op die [[Skandinawiese Renbaan]] in Anderstorp, Swede gehou. Dit was die agtste wedren van die seisoen.
== Renuitslag ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
! 1
| 1
| {{AT-VLAG}} '''[[Niki Lauda]]'''
| '''[[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]]'''
| 70
| 1:41:00.606
| 3
| '''9'''
|-
! 2
| 35
| {{IT-VLAG}} '''[[Riccardo Patrese]]'''
| '''[[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 70
| +34.019
| 5
| '''6'''
|-
! 3
| 6
| {{SE-VLAG}} '''[[Ronnie Peterson]]'''
| '''[[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 70
| +34.105
| 4
| '''4'''
|-
! 4
| 8
| {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Patrick Tambay]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 69
| +1 Ronde
| 15
| '''3'''
|-
! 5
| 17
| {{CH-VLAG}} '''[[Clay Regazzoni]]'''
| '''[[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 69
| +1 Ronde
| 16
| '''2'''
|-
! 6
| 14
| {{BR-VLAG}} '''[[Emerson Fittipaldi]]'''
| '''[[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 69
| +1 Ronde
| 13
| '''1'''
|-
! 7
| 26
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jacques Laffite]]
| [[Ligier]]-[[Matra (automerk)|Matra]]
| 69
| +1 Ronde
| 11
|
|-
! 8
| 7
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[James Hunt]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 69
| +1 Ronde
| 14
|
|-
! 9
| 12
| {{CA-VLAG}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 69
| +1 Ronde
| 7
|
|-
! 10
| 11
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 69
| +1 Ronde
| 8
|
|-
! 11
| 16
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 68
| +2 Rondes
| 20
|
|-
! 12
| 25
| {{MX-VLAG}} [[Héctor Rebaque]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 68
| +2 Rondes
| 21
|
|-
! 13
| 9
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Jochen Mass]]
| [[ATS F1|ATS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 68
| +2 Rondes
| 19
|
|-
! 14
| 36
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]
| [[Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 67
| +3 Rondes
| 24
|
|-
! 15
| 10
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Keke Rosberg]]
| [[ATS F1|ATS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 63
| +7 Rondes
| 23
|
|-
! NC
| 37
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Arturo Merzario]]
| [[Merzario]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 62
| +8 Rondes
| 22
|
|-
! NF
| 5
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Mario Andretti]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 46
| Enjin
| 1
|
|-
! NF
| 27
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Alan Jones]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 46
| Wiel
| 9
|
|-
! NF
| 4
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Patrick Depailler]]
| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 42
| Suspensie
| 12
|
|-
! NF
| 15
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]
| [[Renault F1|Renault]]
| 28
| Enjin
| 10
|
|-
! NF
| 2
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[John Watson]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]]
| 19
| Tol
| 2
|
|-
! NF
| 20
| [[Beeld:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|20px]] [[Jody Scheckter]]
| [[Walter Wolf Racing|Wolf]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 16
| Oorverhit
| 6
|
|-
! NF
| 3
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Didier Pironi]]
| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 8
| Ongeluk
| 17
|
|-
! NF
| 19
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]
| [[Surtees (Formule 1)|Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 7
| Ongeluk
| 18
|
|-
|}
{{F1GP 1970–1979}}
[[Kategorie:Sweedse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 1978]]
dt0zjz8veg68h22pe5srwbu98hfz9ll
Kalahari-besproeiingskema
0
464606
2928740
2922538
2026-08-21T20:21:39Z
AFM
21229
2928740
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Die '''Kalahari-besproeiingskema''' was ‘n plan om die klimaat van die [[Kalahari]] so te verander dat die gebied in ‘n waterryke landbou- en veeteeltstreek omskep word. Verdere navorsing het dit egter bestempel as ‘n onpraktiese idee en weerkundig ‘n dobbelspel waarvan die koste waarskynlik bo die gewin sou gaan.
==Plan==
Prof. E.H.L. Schwarz van die [[Rhodes-universiteit]] in [[Grahamstad]] het die afwateringspatrone van [[Afrika]] in die antieke tye bestudeer en ontwikkel daaruit sy idee om die ou dreineringspatrone van die vroeëre Kalahari te herstel. Hy wys daarop dat daar in die Kalahari groot standhoudende mere bestaan het waarvan die [[Etoshapan]], die [[Makgadigadipan]] en die [[Ngamimeer]] oorblyfsels is. Hulle het enkele eeue gelede begin krimp toe die [[Kunenerivier]], die [[Choberivier]] en die [[Zambezirivier]] die mere se opvanggebiede begin dreineer. Die verlies van hierdie groot wateroppervlaktes het volgens Schwarz sedert 1860 ‘n afname in die reënval oor die Kalahari-bekken tot gevolg gehad. As hierdie mere herstel kan word, meen hy, kan die al groter wordende Kalahari gerehabiliteer word tot ‘n welvarende boerderystreek. Daarvoor moes daar keerwalle in die Kunene en in die Chobe (net voor sy aansluiting by die Zambesi) gebou word. Dit sou deel van die oortollige water wat na die [[Atlantiese Oseaan]] en die [[Indiese Oseaan]] wegloop, weglei deur die droë rivierbeddings van ouds na die mere en panne. ‘n Meer van 40000 km² sou na sy berekening uit die Makgadigadipan ontwikkel. Deur verdamping van die oppervlaktewater sou die reënval oor ‘n groot deel van suidelike Afrika styg tot 250 mm per jaar. Die Kalahari sou tot ‘n lushof ontwikkel, boerderymoontlikhede sou ingrypend verbeter en nedersettings sou al langs die rivierlope ontwikkel. Water kon via die rivierlope tot so ver suid as die [[Moloporivier]], ‘n boloop van die [[Oranjerivier]], vloei. Op daardie tydstip sou dit die grootste besproeiingskema ter wêreld wees.
==Reaksie==
Schwarz se voorstelle het gelei tot ‘n stortvloed van wetenskaplike sowel as algemeen-verstaanbare kommentaar en artikels. Die groot publiek en veral die boere het Schwarz se plan entoesiasties ondersteun en hom bewonder vir sy insig. Maar die meeste gleerdes het die aardrykskundige beginsels van sy plan bevraagteken. Hulle was van mening dat die voordele van die plan erg oordryf is. Daarom het die Suid-Afrikaanse owerheid in 1925 ‘n ekspedisie onder dr. A.L. du Toit na die Kalahari gestuur om die situasie ter plekke te bestudeer. [[Pierre van Ryneveld]] het ‘n eskader vliegtuie begelei om die gebied van bo-af te bestudeer. In die verslag wat naderhand gelewer is, wys die Du Toit-kommissie daarop dat verskeie aannames wat Schwarz oor die dalende reënvalsyfers, die verdwyning van die groter mere, die voorgestelde klimaatsveranderinge, die hoeveelheid surpluswater wat in die groot riviere afgevoer word, die grondhoogtes en ander aardrykskunndige kenmerke en die berekening van die koste van die beoogde skema bloot verkeerd was of nie wetenskaplik bewys kon word nie. Dus is die projek as prakties onuitvoerbaar beskryf. ‘n Verdere ondersoek in 1945 het die Du Toit-verslag gestaaf.
==Betrokke persone==
*Alexander Logie (Alex) du Toit (*[[Rondebosch]], 14 Maart 1878 - †[[Pinelands]], 25 Februarie 1948), geoloog
*Arthur William Rogers (*Bishops Hull, naby Taunton, Somerset, [[Engeland]], 5 Junie 1872 - †[[Mowbray]], [[Kaapstad]], 23 Junie 1946), geoloog, staatsamptenaar
*Ernest Hubert Lewis Schwarz (*Sydenham, [[Londen]], 27 Februarie 1873 - †St. Louis, [[Senegal]], 19 Desember 1928), geoloog, geograaf, teoretikus, skrywer. Hy woon sedert 1895 in die [[Kaapkolonie]], was bekend om sy onortdokse sieninge en onderneem met dr. A.W. Rogers die eerste stelselmatige geologiese opname van Suid-Afrika
==Bibliografie==
*Green, Lawrence G.: These wonders to behold. Experiences and discoveries of an author in search of the grain of truth in Africa’s strangest tales; and views on certain deep mysteries of Africa, solved and unsolved or never to be solved. Kaapstad: Howard Timmins, 1959
*Schwarz, E.H.L.: The Kalahari or Thirstland Redemption. Kaapstad: Maskew Miller, 1920
*https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/10/8-9/1520-0477-10_8-9_171.pdf
*https://www.s2a3.org.za/bio/Biograph_final.php?serial=2521
[[Kategorie: Meteorologie]]
[[Kategorie: Landbou]]
[[Kategorie: Water]]
[[Kategorie: Botswana]]
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Koeberg (gebied)
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Die '''Koeberg''' is ‘n geskiedkundige area in die [[Wes-Kaap]] wat bekend geword het weens die kernkragsentrale wat daar teen die see lê.
==Ligging==
Koeberg is heuwels noord van die [[Tygerberg]]. Die grens van die oorspronklike gebied Koeberg is [[Durbanville]], [[Potsdam]], [[Killarney]], [[Philadelphia]], [[Klipheuwel]] en die see. Die [[Dieprivier (Swartland)]] loop deur die gebied. Soos die stad noordweswaarts uitbrei, neem al meer woongebiede en nywerheidsterreine die plek van die eertydse graanlande en suiwelboerdery in.
==Geskiedenis==
Die streek het sy naam te danke aan die [[seekoei]]e wat voorheen in die Dieprivier geleef het. In 1685 is die eerste plaas in die Koeberg deur die [[VOC]] toegeken. Dit was die plaas [[Vissershok]] waar die VOC-amptenaar Hendrik Visser gaan woon het. Die Van Niekerks het hulle in 1702 op Bloemendal gevestig. Onder verskeie ander ou plaasname wat in die kontrei behoue gebly het, is die bekendstes [[Diemersdal]], [[Fisantekraal]], [[Maastricht]], [[Meerendal]], [[Contermanskloof]] en [[Eversdal]].
==Bibliografie==
*Green, Lawrence G.: Beyond the City Lights. The Story of the Western Province – the Towns and the Farms, the Life and the People, the Folklore and the Legends. [[Kaapstad]]: Howard Timmins, 1957
[[Kategorie: Wes-Kaap]]
[[Kategorie: Kaapstad]]
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Andrei Goesev
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'''Andrei Jewgenjewitsj Goesev''' ([[Russies]]: Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев, gebore op [[27 Oktober]] [[1952]] in [[Moskou]]) is ’n Russiese skrywer, prosaskrywer, publisis en joernalis. Hy het verskeie [[roman]]s, verhale en novelles gepubliseer en was hoofredakteur en medestigter van Новая медицинская газета (Nuwe Mediese Koerant). Hy was ook voorsitter van die openbare fonds Unie van Literatore van Moskou.
==Beroepsloopbaan==
Sedert 1993 is Andrei Goesev die hoofredakteur van die ''Nuwe Mediese Koerant'' (Russies: Новая медицинская газета). As joernalis het hy vir die ''Moskovsky Komsomolets''-koerant gewerk, daarna was hy 'n spesiale korrespondent vir ''Rossiyskaya Gazeta'', redakteur en aanbieder van programme by ''Die Resonance television and radio company'' (Ostankino) en redakteur van die Interfax-nuusagentskap.
Sedert 2000 is Andrei Goesev Voorsitter van die Unie van Literatore van Moskou. Andrei Goesev is die skrywer van agt prosaboeke. Sy bekendste romans is "The World According to Novikoff" (2006), "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020до.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm |date=5 November 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''“Consummation in Mombasa”''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady’s Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 «Консуммация в Момбасе»] by Andrei Gusev, 2017. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> "Our Wild Sex in Malindi" (2020), "The Non-Returnee" (2022).<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm Review of ''“Невозвращенец”'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2023. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812022732/https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm |date=2025-08-12 }}</ref><ref>[http://samlib.ru/g/gusew_a_e/non-returnee.shtml ''“Невозвращенец”'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] by Andrei Gusev, 2022.
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009155113/https://samlib.ru/g/gusew_a_e/non-returnee.shtml |date=2025-10-09 }}</ref>
In sy prosa van die 2010's en 2020's het Andrei Goesev die tema van Knegskap-Dissipline-Sadisme-Masochisme ([[BDSM]])-kultuur in Rusland ontwikkel. Onderwerpe sluit in vroulike oorheersing, [[slawerny]], erotiese straf en BDSM-fiksie.<ref>[http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 «Русский писатель обожает role plays» (“The Russian Writer Loves Role Plays”)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329054427/http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 |date=29 Maart 2016 }} — a novel by Andrei Gusev {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=21732 Повесть «Жена писателя играет в BDSM» (“The Writers’s Wife Likes BDSM”)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215025643/http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=21732 |date=15 Februarie 2017 }} — in Lady's Club, 2016 {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
==Boeke==
*Andrei Goesev "Presentation", kortverhale, Moskou, 1993.
*Andrew E. Goesev "Mister Novelist", verhale en kortverhale, Moskou, 1994.
*Andrei E. Goesev "With Chronos' Permit", verhale, film-roman, Moskou, 1995.
*Andrei E. Goesev "The Russian Story", roman, Moskou, 1996.
*"On the Edge of Magellanic Clouds", versameling van verhale en kortverhale, Moskou, 1998, uitgewery "Probel", {{ISBN|5-89346-012-X}}.
*Andrei E. Goesev "The Painter & Eros", novel, Moskou, 2003, uitgewery "West-Consulting", {{ISBN|5-85511-011-7}}.
*Andrei E. Goesev "Role Pĺays", stories, Moskou, 2003, uitgewery "West-Consulting".
*Andrei E. Goesev "The World According to Novikoff", roman, Moskou, 2006, uitgewery "West-Consulting", {{ISBN|978-5-903321-02-5}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bvi.rusf.ru/fwho/0421.htm/ |title=Фантастика: кто есть кто |access-date=24 Februarie 2017 |archive-date=17 Maart 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317212646/http://bvi.rusf.ru/fwho/0421.htm/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www-lat.rusf.ru/fc/d0210.htm |title=Памятные даты российской фантастики, октябрь 2002 (27 октября) |access-date=24 Februarie 2017 |archive-date=17 Maart 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317224416/http://www-lat.rusf.ru/fc/d0210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nmgazette.narod.ru/100years.htm |title=Сто лет со дня рождения |access-date=24 February 2017 |archive-date=3 Maart 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303180818/http://nmgazette.narod.ru/100years.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Persoonlike lewe==
Andrei Goesev woon in Moskou. Hy was twee keer getroud en twee keer geskei. Sy eerste vrou, Nina Goeseva (gebore van Odnoletko), het as verpleegster gewerk; sy tweede vrou, Ivetta Sarkisyan, is 'n filosoof (literêre kritikus) van opleiding. Hy het twee dogters.<ref name="Rodovid">{{Cite web |url=https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |title=Andrei E. Gusev in Rodovid |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119230740/https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sy stokperdjie is [[byeboerdery]].
<br>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gusev, Andrei}}
[[Kategorie:Russiese skrywers]]
[[Kategorie:Russiese joernaliste]]
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|beeld2 =
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'''Andrei Jewgenjewitsj Goesev''' ([[Russies]]: Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев, gebore op [[27 Oktober]] [[1952]] in [[Moskou]]) is ’n Russiese skrywer, prosaskrywer, publisis en joernalis. Hy het verskeie [[roman]]s, verhale en novelles gepubliseer en was hoofredakteur en medestigter van Новая медицинская газета (Nuwe Mediese Koerant). Hy was ook voorsitter van die openbare fonds Unie van Literatore van Moskou.
==Beroepsloopbaan==
Sedert 1993 is Andrei Goesev die hoofredakteur van die ''Nuwe Mediese Koerant'' (Russies: Новая медицинская газета). As joernalis het hy vir die ''Moskovsky Komsomolets''-koerant gewerk, daarna was hy 'n spesiale korrespondent vir ''Rossiyskaya Gazeta'', redakteur en aanbieder van programme by ''Die Resonance television and radio company'' (Ostankino) en redakteur van die Interfax-nuusagentskap.
Sedert 2000 is Andrei Goesev Voorsitter van die Unie van Literatore van Moskou. Andrei Goesev is die skrywer van agt prosaboeke. Sy bekendste romans is "The World According to Novikoff" (2006), "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/2020до.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm |date=5 November 2020 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''“Consummation in Mombasa”''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady’s Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 «Консуммация в Момбасе»] by Andrei Gusev, 2017. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> "Our Wild Sex in Malindi" (2020),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm Review of ''"Our Wild Sex in Malindi"''] on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2018/02/25/7 "Наш жёсткий секс в Малинди" ''(Our Wild Sex in Malindi)''] by Andrei Gusev, 2020.</ref>
"The Non-Returnee" (2022).<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm Review of ''“Невозвращенец”'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2023. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812022732/https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm |date=2025-08-12 }}</ref><ref>[http://samlib.ru/g/gusew_a_e/non-returnee.shtml ''“Невозвращенец”'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] by Andrei Gusev, 2022.
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009155113/https://samlib.ru/g/gusew_a_e/non-returnee.shtml |date=2025-10-09 }}</ref>
In sy prosa van die 2010's en 2020's het Andrei Goesev die tema van Knegskap-Dissipline-Sadisme-Masochisme ([[BDSM]])-kultuur in Rusland ontwikkel. Onderwerpe sluit in vroulike oorheersing, [[slawerny]], erotiese straf en BDSM-fiksie.<ref>[http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 «Русский писатель обожает role plays» (“The Russian Writer Loves Role Plays”)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329054427/http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 |date=29 Maart 2016 }} — a novel by Andrei Gusev {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=21732 Повесть «Жена писателя играет в BDSM» (“The Writers’s Wife Likes BDSM”)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215025643/http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=21732 |date=15 Februarie 2017 }} — in Lady's Club, 2016 {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
==Boeke==
*Andrei Goesev "Presentation", kortverhale, Moskou, 1993.
*Andrew E. Goesev "Mister Novelist", verhale en kortverhale, Moskou, 1994.
*Andrei E. Goesev "With Chronos' Permit", verhale, film-roman, Moskou, 1995.
*Andrei E. Goesev "The Russian Story", roman, Moskou, 1996.
*"On the Edge of Magellanic Clouds", versameling van verhale en kortverhale, Moskou, 1998, uitgewery "Probel", {{ISBN|5-89346-012-X}}.
*Andrei E. Goesev "The Painter & Eros", novel, Moskou, 2003, uitgewery "West-Consulting", {{ISBN|5-85511-011-7}}.
*Andrei E. Goesev "Role Pĺays", stories, Moskou, 2003, uitgewery "West-Consulting".
*Andrei E. Goesev "The World According to Novikoff", roman, Moskou, 2006, uitgewery "West-Consulting", {{ISBN|978-5-903321-02-5}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bvi.rusf.ru/fwho/0421.htm/ |title=Фантастика: кто есть кто |access-date=24 Februarie 2017 |archive-date=17 Maart 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317212646/http://bvi.rusf.ru/fwho/0421.htm/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www-lat.rusf.ru/fc/d0210.htm |title=Памятные даты российской фантастики, октябрь 2002 (27 октября) |access-date=24 Februarie 2017 |archive-date=17 Maart 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317224416/http://www-lat.rusf.ru/fc/d0210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nmgazette.narod.ru/100years.htm |title=Сто лет со дня рождения |access-date=24 February 2017 |archive-date=3 Maart 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303180818/http://nmgazette.narod.ru/100years.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Persoonlike lewe==
Andrei Goesev woon in Moskou. Hy was twee keer getroud en twee keer geskei. Sy eerste vrou, Nina Goeseva (gebore van Odnoletko), het as verpleegster gewerk; sy tweede vrou, Ivetta Sarkisyan, is 'n filosoof (literêre kritikus) van opleiding. Hy het twee dogters.<ref name="Rodovid">{{Cite web |url=https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |title=Andrei E. Gusev in Rodovid |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119230740/https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sy stokperdjie is [[byeboerdery]].
<br>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gusev, Andrei}}
[[Kategorie:Russiese skrywers]]
[[Kategorie:Russiese joernaliste]]
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|4 = Russies
|opskrif5 = Periode
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'''Andrei Jewgenjewitsj Goesev''' ([[Russies]]: Андрей Евгеньевич Гусев, gebore op [[27 Oktober]] [[1952]] in [[Moskou]]) is ’n Russiese skrywer, prosaskrywer, publisis en joernalis. Hy het verskeie [[roman]]s, verhale en novelles gepubliseer en was hoofredakteur en medestigter van Новая медицинская газета (Nuwe Mediese Koerant). Hy was ook voorsitter van die openbare fonds Unie van Literatore van Moskou.
==Beroepsloopbaan==
Sedert 1993 is Andrei Goesev die hoofredakteur van die ''Nuwe Mediese Koerant'' (Russies: Новая медицинская газета). As joernalis het hy vir die ''Moskovsky Komsomolets''-koerant gewerk, daarna was hy 'n spesiale korrespondent vir ''Rossiyskaya Gazeta'', redakteur en aanbieder van programme by ''Die Resonance television and radio company'' (Ostankino) en redakteur van die Interfax-nuusagentskap.
Sedert 2000 is Andrei Goesev Voorsitter van die Unie van Literatore van Moskou. Andrei Goesev is die skrywer van agt prosaboeke. Sy bekendste romans is "The World According to Novikoff" (2006), "Consummation in Mombasa" (2017),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm Review of ''"Consummation in Mombasa"''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260716174238/https://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Mombasa_.htm |date=16 Julie 2026 }} — on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 ''“Consummation in Mombasa”''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609223657/https://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=22336 |date=9 June 2020 }} — in Lady’s Club, 2017 {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 «Консуммация в Момбасе»] by Andrei Gusev, 2017. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804015027/https://proza.ru/2017/07/30/28 |date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> "Our Wild Sex in Malindi" (2020),<ref>[http://mliterature.narod.ru/In_Malindi.htm Review of ''"Our Wild Sex in Malindi"''] on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2020</ref><ref>[https://proza.ru/2018/02/25/7 "Наш жёсткий секс в Малинди" ''(Our Wild Sex in Malindi)''] by Andrei Gusev, 2020.</ref>
"The Non-Returnee" (2022).<ref>[https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm Review of ''“Невозвращенец”'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] on the site of public fund "Union of Writers of Moscow", 2023. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812022732/https://mliterature.narod.ru/Remaining.htm |date=2025-08-12 }}</ref><ref>[http://samlib.ru/g/gusew_a_e/non-returnee.shtml ''“Невозвращенец”'' (“The Non-Returnee”)] by Andrei Gusev, 2022.
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009155113/https://samlib.ru/g/gusew_a_e/non-returnee.shtml |date=2025-10-09 }}</ref>
In sy prosa van die 2010's en 2020's het Andrei Goesev die tema van Knegskap-Dissipline-Sadisme-Masochisme ([[BDSM]])-kultuur in Rusland ontwikkel. Onderwerpe sluit in vroulike oorheersing, [[slawerny]], erotiese straf en BDSM-fiksie.<ref>[http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 «Русский писатель обожает role plays» (“The Russian Writer Loves Role Plays”)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329054427/http://proza.ru/2016/03/10/50 |date=29 Maart 2016 }} — a novel by Andrei Gusev {{in lang|ru}}</ref><ref>[http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=21732 Повесть «Жена писателя играет в BDSM» (“The Writers’s Wife Likes BDSM”)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215025643/http://lady.webnice.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=21732 |date=15 Februarie 2017 }} — in Lady's Club, 2016 {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
==Boeke==
*Andrei Goesev "Presentation", kortverhale, Moskou, 1993.
*Andrew E. Goesev "Mister Novelist", verhale en kortverhale, Moskou, 1994.
*Andrei E. Goesev "With Chronos' Permit", verhale, film-roman, Moskou, 1995.
*Andrei E. Goesev "The Russian Story", roman, Moskou, 1996.
*"On the Edge of Magellanic Clouds", versameling van verhale en kortverhale, Moskou, 1998, uitgewery "Probel", {{ISBN|5-89346-012-X}}.
*Andrei E. Goesev "The Painter & Eros", novel, Moskou, 2003, uitgewery "West-Consulting", {{ISBN|5-85511-011-7}}.
*Andrei E. Goesev "Role Pĺays", stories, Moskou, 2003, uitgewery "West-Consulting".
*Andrei E. Goesev "The World According to Novikoff", roman, Moskou, 2006, uitgewery "West-Consulting", {{ISBN|978-5-903321-02-5}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bvi.rusf.ru/fwho/0421.htm/ |title=Фантастика: кто есть кто |access-date=24 Februarie 2017 |archive-date=17 Maart 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317212646/http://bvi.rusf.ru/fwho/0421.htm/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www-lat.rusf.ru/fc/d0210.htm |title=Памятные даты российской фантастики, октябрь 2002 (27 октября) |access-date=24 Februarie 2017 |archive-date=17 Maart 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317224416/http://www-lat.rusf.ru/fc/d0210.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nmgazette.narod.ru/100years.htm |title=Сто лет со дня рождения |access-date=24 February 2017 |archive-date=3 Maart 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303180818/http://nmgazette.narod.ru/100years.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Persoonlike lewe==
Andrei Goesev woon in Moskou. Hy was twee keer getroud en twee keer geskei. Sy eerste vrou, Nina Goeseva (gebore van Odnoletko), het as verpleegster gewerk; sy tweede vrou, Ivetta Sarkisyan, is 'n filosoof (literêre kritikus) van opleiding. Hy het twee dogters.<ref name="Rodovid">{{Cite web |url=https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |title=Andrei E. Gusev in Rodovid |access-date=5 November 2020 |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119230740/https://en.rodovid.org/wk/Person:1166195 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sy stokperdjie is [[byeboerdery]].
<br>
== Verwysings ==
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[[Kategorie:Russiese skrywers]]
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Staalversterkte aluminiumgeleier
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[[Lêer:Sample cross-section of high tension power (pylon) line.jpg|duimnael|Deursneesnit van 'n hoëspanning-kraglyn, met 7 saamgestringde staaldrade wat omring word deur vier konsentriese lae van aluminium.]]
'''Staalversterkte aluminiumgeleier''' (Engels: Aluminium-conductor steel-reinforced cable - ACSR) is 'n tipe hoëkapasiteit, hoësterkte, gestringde [[geleier]] wat tipies in oorhoofse [[Elektriese kragtransmissie|kraglyne]] gebruik word. Die buitenste gestringde drade is hoë-gehalte aluminium, gekies vir sy goeie geleidingsvermoë, lae massa, lae koste, weerstand teen korrosie en ordentlike meganiese spanningsweerstand. Die middelste gestringde drade is van [[staal]] vir bykomende sterkte om die massa van die geleier te ondersteun. Staal is sterker as aluminium, wat verhoogde meganiese spanning op die geleier moontlik maak. Staal het ook 'n laer elastiese en onelastiese vervorming (permanente verlenging) as gevolg van meganiese belasting (bv. wind en ys) sowel as 'n laer termiese uitsettingskoëffisiënt onder stroombelasting. Hierdie eienskappe laat ACSR toe om aansienlik minder te sak as volledig-aluminium geleiers. Volgens die naamkonvensie van die Internasionale Elektrotegniese Kommissie (IEC) en die CSA-groep (voorheen die Kanadese Standaardevereniging of CSA), word na ACSR as A1/S1A verwys.<ref name="Aluminium Electrical Conductor Handbook">{{cite web |url=http://www.rmjtcable.com/d/file/manual/Aluminium_Electrical_Conductor_Handbook.pdf |title=Aluminium Electrical Conductor Handbook by the Aluminium Association |access-date=2017-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215053135/http://www.rmjtcable.com/d/file/manual/Aluminium_Electrical_Conductor_Handbook.pdf |archive-date=2017-12-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Ontwerp ==
Die aluminiumlegering en temper wat vir die buitenste stringe in die [[Verenigde State]] en [[Kanada]] gebruik word, is normaalweg 1350-H19 en elders 1370-H19, elk met 'n aluminiuminhoud van 99.5+%.
== Verwysings ==
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[[Kategorie:Elektrisiteit]]
[[Kategorie:Aluminium]]
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Whina Cooper
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{{Inligtingskas Persoon
| naam = Whina Cooper
| bynaam =
| beeld = Whina Cooper in Hamilton.jpg
| beeldbeskrywing =
| onderskrif = Whina Cooper tydens die Māori-grondoptog by Hamilton in 1975
| geboortenaam = Hōhepine Te Wake
| geboortedatum = 9 Desember 1885
| geboorteplek = Te Karaka, Hokianga, [[Nieu-Seeland]]
| sterfdatum = {{death date and age|1994|3|26|1895|12|9|df=yes}}
| sterfteplek =
| ouers =
| titel =
| nasionaliteit = Nieu-Seelander
| alma_mater =
| beroep =
| ander =
| bekend = Maori-regte aktivis, geskiedkundige & onderwyser
| salaris =
| termyn =
| voorganger =
| opvolger =
| eerbewyse =
| party =
| religie =
| huweliksmaat = Richard Gilbert & William Cooper
| kinders = 7
| webblad =
| handtekening =
}}
'''Dame Whina Cooper''' ONZ DBE (gebore Hōhepine Te Wake; [[9 Desember]] [[1895]] – [[26 Maart]] [[1994]]) was 'n [[Nieu-Seeland]]se ''kuia'' (Māori-ouderling) wat jare lank gewerk het vir die regte van [[Māori]]s, en veral om die lot van Māori-vroue te verbeter. Sy word onthou vir die leiding van die 1975 Māori-grondmars van Te Hāpua na [[Wellington, Nieu-Seeland|Wellington]], 'n afstand van 1 100 km, op die ouderdom van 79.
Haar wye invloed en nasionaal erkende aktiwiteit het daartoe gelei dat sy erken is met toekennings in beide die Britse en Nieu-Seelandse ''Royal Honours Systems'', en deur haar eie mense, wat die titel ''Te Whaea o te Motu'' ('Moeder van die Nasie') aan haar toegeken het. Sy is die onderwerp van die 2022-film ''Whina''.
==Vroeë lewe==
Whina Cooper is gebore as Hōhepine Te Wake,<ref>{{cite book | last1 = King | first1 = Michael | title = Whina, a biography of Whina Cooper | publisher = Hodder and Stoughton | page = 36 | year = 1983 | isbn = 0-340-338733 }}
</ref> dogter van gemeenskapsleier en [[Rooms-Katolieke Kerk|Katolieke]] kategeet Heremia Te Wake en Kare Pauro Kawatihi, van die Te Rarawa iwi, te Te Karaka, Hokianga.<ref name="DNZB Te Wake">{{DNZB|title=Heremia Te Wake|first= Steven|last= Oliver|id=2t32|access-date=23 April 2017}}</ref>
Van jongs af het sy belangstelling getoon in haar vader se rol, en in [[geskiedenis]] en [[genealogie]]. Haar opleiding het begin by die Whakarapa Native School. In 1907 het sy die St Joseph's Māori Girls' College bygewoon. Na hoërskool het sy teruggekeer na Whakarapa (later Panguru) waar haar vader wou hê sy moes 'n gereëlde [[huwelik]] aangaan met Tureiti Te Heuheu Tukino V, leier van Ngāti Tūwharetoa. Cooper het geweier en eerder by 'n plaaslike koöperatiewe winkel gewerk. Sy het vir 'n kort tydjie as onderwyseres gewerk by die Pawarenga Native School. As een van slegs drie onderwysers het sy egter gefrustreerd geraak en gevind dat haar tyd tussen onderrig en hulp aan haar eie gemeenskap gestrek was. Sy het in 1914 die onderwys verlaat en was twee jaar lank 'n huishoudster by die Katolieke presbiterie van Rawene.<ref name="DNZB">{{DNZB|last=King|first=Michael|title=Whina Cooper|id=5C32|access-date=1 August 2022}}</ref> Sy het haar hele lewe lank haar Katolieke geloof behou.<ref name=":0" />
==Politieke aktivisme==
===1914–1935: Whakarapa===
Cooper se eerste betrokkenheid by die [[politiek]] was in die vorm van 'n grondgeskil oor 'n gebied van gehuurde moddervlaktes omstreeks 1914. Die boer wat die grond gehuur het, Bob Holland, wou die riviermonding vir boerdery dreineer. Dit sou die huidige gebruik van die grond deur plaaslike iwi vir die insameling van seekos en vir renperde gedurende die droër maande belemmer het. Heremia het die huurkontrak in die hof betwis, en Cooper het 'n groep betogers gelei om Holland se dreine op te vul, al het Bob Holland die grond wettiglik gehuur. Die betogers is uiteindelik van oortreding aangekla, maar hulle het gebeure lank genoeg vertraag sodat Heremia suksesvol kon wees, en die Mariene Departement het die huurkontrak teruggetrek.<ref name="DNZB"/>
In 1916 het sy teruggekeer werk toe by die koöperatiewe winkel, en omtrent hierdie tyd het sy haar eerste man, Richard Gilbert, van Ngāti Wai ontmoet. Sy is op 10 Mei 1917 met hom getroud, met slegs haar ouers se medewete, wat gelei het tot 'n mate van ongelukkigheid met haar breër familie en gemeenskap, wat gevoel het dat hulle geraadpleeg moes gewees het. Nadat haar ouers oorlede is, het die paartjie die gesinshuis verlaat en na familiegrond by Te Karaka verhuis, waar hulle hul eie huis moes bou. Teen 1920 het hulle twee kinders gehad en kon hulle geld leen by 'n plaaslike priester om haar pa se huis en plaas by Whakarapa en die plaaslike winkel te koop. Daar het sy 'n leidende rol in die sakewêreld en die gemeenskap gespeel, insluitend in 1923 die roeping van 'n hui wat daartoe gelei het dat die naam van Whakarapa na Panguru verander is. Haar gemeenskapsleierskap het die politikus sir Āpirana Ngata beïndruk, wat haar in 1932 na 'n nasionale hui genooi het. Sy het saam met hom gewerk om Māori-grondontwikkelingsprogramme in die Hokianga te bevorder. Deur hom het sy ook William Cooper van Ngāti Kahungunu ontmoet, wat haar tweede man geword het nadat Richard Gilbert in 1935 aan kanker oorlede is.<ref name="DNZB"/>
===1949–1960s: Auckland===
Sy het in 1949 na [[Auckland]] verhuis toe haar tweede man, William Cooper, oorlede is. Haar politieke aktiwiteit het van plaaslik na nasionaal verander. In September 1951 is sy verkies tot eerste president van die nuwe Māori Women's Welfare League<ref>{{cite web|last=Ministry for Culture and Heritage|title=Dame Whina Cooper|url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/dame-whina-cooper|access-date=17 April 2011|date=6 Mei 2010}}</ref> "wat dinge veral vir Maori-vroue kon verbeter", en het gewerk in [[gesondheid]], behuising, [[onderwys]] en [[welsyn]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Grau|first=Marion|title=Rethinking Mission in the Postcolony: Salvation, Society and Subversion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FRMEDZe31DwC|year=2011|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=9780567280886|pages=58–59}}</ref>
In 1957 het sy as president bedank, en die jaarlikse konferensie het haar beloon met die titel ''Te Whaea o te Motu'' ("Moeder van die Nasie"). Gedurende die 1960's het sy op 'n plaaslike vlak rondom Auckland gewerk, maar grootliks uit die nasionale kollig gebly.<ref name="DNZB"/>
===1975: Grondoptog===
In 1975 het 'n koalisie van Māori-groepe Cooper gevra om hulle te lei in 'n protes teen die verlies van Māori-grond. Sy het ingestem en 'n ''hīkoi'' (simboliese optog) voorgestel vanaf die noordelike punt van die Noord-eiland na die Parlement in Wellington, aan die ander kant van die eiland.<ref name="DNZB"/>
Gedurende September en Oktober 1975 het die byna 80-jarige Cooper weer nasionaal erkenning gekry, terwyl hy aan die hoof van die Māori-landmars van Te Hāpua na Wellington geloop het,<ref name="meinsmith"/> 'n afstand van 1 100 kilometer.<ref name="Graaf 2020"/> Die slagspreuk van die optog was "nie een akker Maori-grond meer nie"; hulle het erkenning van eiendomsregte onder die Verdrag van Waitangi geëis.<ref name="meinsmith">{{cite book | author = Mein Smith, Philippa | title = A Concise History of New Zealand | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | year = 2005 |pages= 228–229 | isbn = 978-0-521-54228-9}}</ref><ref name="DNZB"/>
==Eerbewyse en toekennings==
*In die 1953 Kroningseerbewyse is Cooper aangestel as Lid van die Orde van die Britse Ryk vir dienste aan die Māori-mense.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=39866 |date=1 June 1953 |page=3005 |supp=4}}</ref>
*In die 1974 Koningin se Verjaarsdageerbewyse is sy bevorder tot Kommandeur van die Orde van die Britse Ryk vir dienste aan die Māori-welsyn en -kultuur.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=46312 |date=15 Junie 1974 |page=6830 |supp=3}}</ref>
*In die 1981 Nuwejaareerbewyse is Cooper verder bevorder tot Dame Kommandeur van die Orde van die Britse Ryk vir dienste aan die Māori-mense.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=48469 |date=31 Desember 1980 |page=39 |supp=3}}</ref>
*In 1990 het Cooper die Nieu-Seelandse 1990 Herdenkingsmedalje ontvang.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Alister |last2=Coddington |first2=Deborah |title=Honoured by the Queen – New Zealand |year=1994 |publisher=New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa |location=Auckland |isbn=0-908578-34-2 |page=106}}</ref>
*In die 1991 Koningin se Verjaarsdageerbewyse het sy die twintigste aangestelde tot die Orde van Nieu-Seeland geword,<ref>"The Queen's Birthday Honours List." (1 Julie 1991) 98 ''New Zealand Gazette' 2191.</ref><ref>{{London Gazette |issue=52564 |date=15 Junie 1991 |page=29 |supp=2}}</ref> Nieu-Seeland se hoogste burgerlike eerbewys.
*In 1993 is sy die Nieu-Seelandse Suffrage Centennial Medalje toegeken.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dpmc.govt.nz/our-programmes/new-zealand-royal-honours/new-zealand-royal-honours-system/types-new-zealand-royal-honours/other-distinctive-new-zealand-honours/suffrage-medal-register |title=The New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal 1993 – register of recipients |date=26 Julie 2018 |publisher=Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet |access-date=18 September 2018}}</ref>
==Dood en nalatenskap==
Cooper het in 1983 na Panguru in die Hokianga teruggekeer en is daar in 1994 op 98-jarige ouderdom oorlede.<ref name="DNZB"/> Na raming het 30 000 mense Cooper se tangi bygewoon, wat etlike dae geduur het.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Maori and Aboriginal Women in the Public Eye Representing difference, 1950-2000|last=Fox|first=Karen|date=2011|publisher=ANU Press|year=2011|edition=1st|location=Canberra|publication-date=2011|pages=140|language=English}}</ref> Cooper se afsterwe het huldeblyke van talle politieke figure, insluitend Koningin Elizabeth II, Prins Philip en Jim Bolger, ontlok.<ref name=":1" />
Haar nalatenskap sluit in die roeping van die 1923 hui wat daartoe gelei het dat die naam van Whakarapa na Panguru verander is.<ref name="DNZB"/>
Sy word onthou as 'n leier wat gehelp het om Nieu-Seelandse wetgewing met betrekking tot die Māori-mense te vorm, asook om die gemeenskap in Auckland te ontwikkel. Sy word egter veral onthou daarvoor dat sy die harte van soveel mense gewen het toe sy die 1975-landmars gelei het, in beide Māori- en Pākehā-gemeenskappe.<ref name="Graaf 2020">{{cite web | last=Graaf | first=Peter de | title=Dame Whina immortalised in bronze | website=[[NZ Herald]] | date=5 February 2020 | url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/northland-age/news/dame-whina-a-legacy-for-all-time/QZ5A4XGEQAOCAQOKG36ZQX4L3I/ | access-date=23 Oktober 2022}}</ref>
Sy het ook as inspirasie gedien vir ander Māori-vroue, soos Tiahuia Abraham, wat vanaf 2022 vir 53 jaar 'n lid van die Māori Women's Welfare League is.<ref>{{cite web | last=Coster | first=Deena | title=Legacy lives on: Dame Whina Cooper's template for leadership | website=Stuff| date=22 Junie 2022 | url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/pou-tiaki/129030708/legacy-lives-on-dame-whina-coopers-template-for-leadership | access-date=23 Oktober 2022}}</ref>
===Gedenktekens===
Op 3 Februarie 2020 is 'n gedenkteken by die Waipuna Marae in Panguru, Hokianga, onthul in die teenwoordigheid van eerste minister [[Jacinda Ardern]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://e-tangata.co.nz/reflections/whina-cooper-fearless-and-unforgettable/|title = Whina Cooper: Fearless and unforgettable|date = 22 Februarie 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/te-manu-korihi/408730/people-gathered-at-waipuna-marae-for-unveiling-of-dame-whina-cooper-statue|title=People gathered at Waipuna Marae for unveiling of Dame Whina Cooper statue|date=3 Februarie 2020}}</ref> Die bronsbeeld was 'n beeldhoukundige voorstelling van 'n foto van Cooper, wat die hand van haar kleindogter vashou, terwyl hulle die 1975-landmars begin het. Ardern het belowe dat haar storie in die nuwe skoolgeskiedeniskurrikulum ingesluit sou word.<ref name="Graaf 2020"/>
===Eervolle eponiem===
In 2020 is die tonnelboormasjien wat gebruik word om die tweelingtonnels van die City Rail Link in Auckland tussen Mount Eden-stasie en Aotea-stasie te bou, "Dame Whina Cooper" genoem.<ref>{{cite journal|date=September 2020 |title=City Rail Link update |url= https://www.transportationgroup.nz/wp-content/uploads/Roundabout-165-Sept-2020.pdf |journal=Roundabout |issue=165 |page=44 |access-date=12 Oktober 2020}}</ref>
===Rolprent===
Cooper is die onderwerp van 'n biografiese film genaamd ''Whina'', wat op 23 Junie 2022 in geselekteerde teaters vrygestel is. Die film is geregisseer deur James Napier Robertson en Paula Whetu Jones. Cooper is vertolk deur Miriama McDowell en Rena Owen, met eersgenoemde wat 'n volwassene vertolk, en laasgenoemde 'n bejaarde, Cooper.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tuckett |first1=Graeme |title=Whina: An extraordinary and gripping account of an exceptional life and times |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/stuff-to-watch/300615611/whina-an-extraordinary-and-gripping-account-of-an-exceptional-life-and-times |access-date=19 Junie 2022 |work=Stuff |date=18 Junie 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619070624/https://www.stuff.co.nz/entertainment/stuff-to-watch/300615611/whina-an-extraordinary-and-gripping-account-of-an-exceptional-life-and-times |archive-date=19 Junie 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Rena Owen: tackling the role of a lifetime in Whina |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/469363/rena-owen-tackling-the-role-of-a-lifetime-in-whina |access-date=19 Junie 2022 |work=Radio New Zealand |date=19 Junie 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619070938/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/469363/rena-owen-tackling-the-role-of-a-lifetime-in-whina |archive-date=19 Junie 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Televisie===
Whina Cooper was die fokus van die dokumentêr, ''Whina, Te Whaea O Te Moto – Mother of the Nation'' (1992)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dame Whina Cooper |url=https://ngataonga.org.nz/set/item/566 |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=ngataonga.org.nz |language=en}}</ref> deur Bryan Bruce. Bruce het ook beeldmateriaal van die Whina Cooper-geleide Maori-landmars van 1975 in ''The Bridge'' (2002) vertoon,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Screen |first=NZ On |title=The Bridge {{!}} Television {{!}} NZ On Screen |url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/the-bridge-2002 |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=www.nzonscreen.com |language=en}}</ref> 'n televisiedokumentêr oor die geskiedenis van die Auckland Harbour Bridge.
===Musiek===
Komponis Robert Wiremu se werk Te Kai a Te Rangatira, getoonset op musiektoesprake deur verskeie Māori-leiers, insluitend Cooper.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Robert Wiremu - SOUNZ|url=https://sounz.org.nz/contributors/217|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007174535/https://sounz.org.nz/contributors/217|archive-date= 7 Oktober 2024|access-date=9 Augustus 2026|website=sounz.org.nz|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Robert Wīremu|url=https://nzacademychoir.com/people/robert-wiremu/|access-date=9 Augustus 2026|website=Aotearoa Choral Academy|language=en}}</ref> Geskryf vir bariton en kamerensemble, is dit in opdrag gegee vir die IO-fees Kaitaia.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /> Cooper se toespraak getiteld Whina het gesê... is vir vokale ensemble gerangskik en deur die King's Singers tydens hul 2026-toer van Nieu-Seeland uitgevoer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-12|title=The King's Singers at the Aotearoa NZ Festival|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/concert/programmes/musicalive/audio/2019034681/the-king-s-singers-at-the-aotearoa-nz-festival|access-date=9 Augustus 2026|website=RNZ|language=en-nz}}</ref>
==Verwysings==
{{Verwysings|3}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cooper, Whina}}
[[Kategorie:Nieu-Seelandse aktiviste]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1885]]
[[Kategorie:Sterftes in 1994]]
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Buddleja auriculata
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{{Spesieboks
| status = LC
| status_system = iucn3.1
| name = Treursalie
| image =
| taxon = Buddleja auriculata
| authority = Benth., (1836)
| synonyms =* ''Buddleja auriculata var. euryifolia'' <small>Prain & Cummins</small>
}}
Die '''treursalie''' (''Buddleja auriculata'') is 'n [[struik]] wat deel van die Scrophulariaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[inheems]] aan [[Eswatini]], [[Mosambiek]], [[Suid-Afrika]] en [[Zimbabwe]]. In Suid-Afrika kom die [[spesie]] in [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Limpopo]], [[Mpumalanga]] en die [[Oos-Kaap]] voor.
Die boom se FSA-nommer is 636.5.<ref>https://www.treetags.co.za/national-list-of-indigenous-trees/</ref>
== Galery ==
<gallery>
Buddleja auriculata, a, Jan Celliers Park.jpg
Buddleja auriculata, b, Jan Celliers Park.jpg
Auriculata.jpg
Buddleja auriculata 1c.JPG
Buddleja auriculata, d, Jan Celliers Park.jpg
</gallery>
== Sien ook ==
* [[Alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse bome]]
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings}}
== Bronnelys ==
* [https://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1972-1 REDLIST Sanbi]
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545688-1 Plants of the World]
* [https://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/search/detail/bec5bf1f-6b14-4de7-8e08-4161e0a8fb7a Biodiversityadvisor]
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja|auriculata]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Eswatini]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Mosambiek]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Zimbabwe]]
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Finansiële tegnologie
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{{Kort beskrywing|Deelversameling van tegnologieë wat in finansies gebruik word}}
[[Lêer:Luchtfoto van Lower Manhattan.jpg|duimnael|263px|[[New York-stad]], die wêreld se vernaamste fintech- en [[finansiële sentrum]]<ref name=NewYorkFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld>{{cite web |url = https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-37-explore-the-data/gfci-37-rank/|title = The Global Financial Centres Index 37|publisher = Long Finance|access-date = 2 Junie 2025}}</ref>]]
'''Finansiële tegnologie''' (afgekort as '''finteg'''<ref name="Venter, 2026">{{Cite web| last = Venter| first = Isabel| title = ANC oor Burke: Ondersoek hom!| work = [[Maroela Media]] | access-date = 2026-08-21| date = 2026-08-21| url = https://maroelamedia.co.za/nuus/anc-oor-burke-ondersoek-hom/}}</ref>) verwys na die toepassing van nuwe tegnologieë op produkte en dienste in die [[finansiële bedryf]]. Hierdie breë term omvat 'n wye verskeidenheid tegnologiese hulpmiddels in finansiële dienste, insluitend [[mobiele bankdienste]], aanlyn leningsplatforms, digitale betaalstelsels, [[robo-adviseur]]s en [[blokketting]]-gebaseerde toepassings soos [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schindler |first=John W. |date=2017 |title=FinTech and Financial Innovation: Drivers and Depth |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2017081pap.pdf |journal=Finance and Economics Discussion Series |volume=2017 |issue=81 |doi=10.17016/FEDS.2017.081 |issn=1936-2854}}</ref> Finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye sluit sowel [[beginonderneming]]s as gevestigde tegnologie- en finansiële firmas in wat daarop gemik is om tradisionele finansiële dienste te verbeter, aan te vul of te vervang.
== Ontwikkeling ==
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie strek oor meer as 'n eeu en word gekenmerk deur beduidende tegnologiese innovasies wat die finansiële bedryf hervorm het. Hoewel die toepassing van tegnologie op finansies diep historiese wortels het, het die term "finansiële tegnologie" in die laat 20ste eeu ontstaan en in die 1990's bekendheid verwerf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967">{{Cite news |title=Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/434041835/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |work=The Boston Globe |date=1967-08-27 |page=116}}</ref>
Die vroegste gedokumenteerde gebruik van die term dateer terug na 1967, toe dit in 'n artikel in ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' met die titel "Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money" verskyn het. Hierdie berig het gehandel oor 'n beginbeleggingsmaatskappy wat deur voormalige uitvoerende beamptes van die [[Computer Control Company]] gestig is, met die doel om waagkapitaal en bedryfskundigheid aan beginondernemings in die finansiële tegnologiebedryf te verskaf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967" />
Die term het egter eers in die vroeë 1990's gewild geword toe Citicorp se voorsitter John Reed dit gebruik het om die Financial Services Technology Consortium te beskryf. Hierdie projek, wat deur [[Citigroup]] geïnisieer is, is ontwerp om tegnologiese samewerking in die finansiële sektor te bevorder en was 'n keerpunt in die bedryf se gesamentlike benadering tot innovasie.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal">{{Cite journal |last1=Arner |first1=Douglas W. |last2=Barberis |first2=Jànos |last3=Buckley |first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley |date=2016 |title=The Evolution of Fintech: A New Post-Crisis Paradigm? |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Law |volume=47 |pages=1271–1319 |ssrn=2676553 |issn=1550-5200 }}</ref>
Die finansiële tegnologie-ekosisteem sluit verskeie soorte maatskappye in. Hoewel beginondernemings wat nuwe finansiële tegnologieë of dienste ontwikkel dikwels met finansiële tegnologie geassosieer word, omvat die sektor ook gevestigde tegnologiemaatskappye wat na finansiële dienste uitbrei, sowel as tradisionele [[finansiële instelling]]s wat nuwe tegnologieë aanneem. Hierdie uiteenlopende landskap het tot innovasies in verskeie finansiële sektore gelei, insluitend [[bankwese]], [[versekering]], [[belegging]] en [[betaalstelsel]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=In|last2=Shin|first2=Yong Jae|title=Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges|journal=Business Horizons|year=2018|volume=61|issue=1|pages=35–46|doi=10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003}}</ref>
Finansiële tegnologietoepassings strek oor 'n wye verskeidenheid finansiële dienste. Dit sluit [[digitale bankwese]], [[mobiele betaling]]s en [[digitale beursie]]s, [[eweknie-tot-eweknie-lening|eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms]], [[robo-adviseur]]s en [[algoritmiese handel]], [[insurtech]], [[blokketting]] en [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]], [[regulatoriese tegnologie]] en [[skarefinansiering|skarefinansieringsplatforms]] in.
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie behels dikwels die oorvleueling van telekommunikasie-ingenieurswese met finansies. Byvoorbeeld, vroeë eksperimentering met [[Nabyveldkommunikasie|NFC]]-betalingstandaarde in die 2010's het sommige ontwikkelaars daartoe gelei om verspreide grootboeke as 'n agterkant vir skaalbare mobiele betalings te verken, in 'n poging om die deurset-beperkings van tradisionele bankinfrastruktuur op te los sonder om op gesentraliseerde tussengangers staat te maak.<ref>{{cite news |last=Olson |first=Parmy |title=This Hermetic Engineer Is Plotting The Death Of Blockchain |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2019/01/09/this-hermetic-engineer-is-plotting-the-death-of-blockchain/ |newspaper=Forbes |date=9 Januarie 2019 |access-date=28 Desember 2025}}</ref>
=== Uitwerking op finansiële insluiting ===
Daar is toenemende empiriese bewyse dat finteginnovasies, veral digitale betaalstelsels, [[mobiele geld]] en aanlyn finansiële platforms, beduidend tot finansiële insluiting bydra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why financial inclusion is the key to a thriving economy |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208214438/https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-date=2025-12-08 |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Fintech Impacts Financial Inclusion |url=https://www.phoenix.edu/articles/finance/fintech-impact-on-financial-inclusion.html |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=University of Phoenix |language=en}}</ref> 'n Sistematiese oorsig van 2025 het bevind dat sulke tegnologieë toegang tot finansiële dienste in ontwikkelende en onderbediende gemeenskappe verbeter deur hindernisse tot bankwese te verminder en veilige, bekostigbare transaksies moontlik te maak.<ref>{{cite journal
|last1=Shahen
|first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud
|last2=Sharaf
|first2=Mesbah Fathy
|title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review
|journal=FinTech
|volume=4
|issue=4
|year=2025
|pages=59
|doi=10.3390/fintech4040059
|doi-access=free
}}</ref>
Ten spyte van die algeheel positiewe uitwerking op finansiële insluiting, kan digitale finansiële dienste mense uitsluit wat beperkte internettoegang, lae digitale of finansiële geletterdheid, of minder vertroue in die gebruik van aanlyn dienste het. Dit wek ook verbruikersbeskermingskwessies rondom bedrog, [[kuberveiligheid]] en dataprivaatheid.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-07 |title=Supporting informed and safe use of digital payments through digital financial literacy: Full Report |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/supporting-informed-and-safe-use-of-digital-payments-through-digital-financial-literacy_21de47d1-en/full-report.html |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=OECD |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial Inclusion {{!}} World Bank Group |url=https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/topic/financial-sector/financial-inclusion |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref>
== Geskiedenis ==
=== Grondslae ===
Die laat 19de eeu het die grondslag gelê vir vroeë finansiële tegnologie met die ontwikkeling van die [[telegraaf]] en [[Transatlantiese telegraafkabel|transatlantiese kabelstelsels]]. Hierdie innovasies het die oordrag van finansiële inligting oor grense heen verander en vinniger en doeltreffender kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings moontlik gemaak.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal" />
'n Belangrike mylpaal in elektroniese geldbeweging het gekom met die stigting van die [[Fedwire]] Funds Service deur die [[Federale Reserwebank]]e in 1918. Hierdie vroeë elektroniese fondsoordragstelsel het [[telegraaf]]lyne gebruik om veilige oordragte tussen lidbanke te fasiliteer, en was een van die eerste gevalle van elektroniese geldbeweging.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gilbert |first1=Adam M. |last2=Hunt |first2=Dara |last3=Winch |first3=Kenneth C. |title=Creating an Integrated Payment System: The Evolution of Fedwire |url=https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/epr/97v03n2/9707gilb.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=newyorkfed.org |date=1997}}</ref>
Die 1950's het 'n nuwe era van verbruikersfinansiële dienste ingelui. [[Diners Club International]] het in 1950 die eerste universele [[kredietkaart]] bekendgestel, 'n keerpunt wat verbruikersbesteding en krediet sou hervorm. Hierdie innovasie het die weg gebaan vir die bekendstelling van [[American Express]]-kaarte in 1958 en die BankAmericard (later Visa) in 1959, wat die kredietkaartbedryf verder uitgebrei het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=David S. |last2=Schmalensee |first2=Richard |author-link2=Richard L. Schmalensee |date=2005 |title=The Economics of Interchange Fees and Their Regulation: An Overview |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/18181/4548-05.pdf|journal=MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4548-05 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.744705}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stearns |first=David L. |date=2011 |title=Electronic Value Exchange: Origins of the VISA Electronic Payment System |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-84996-138-7}}</ref>
=== Digitale rewolusie ===
Die 1960's en 1970's het die begin gemerk van die verskuiwing van analoë na digitale finansies, met verskeie baanbrekende ontwikkelings wat die toekoms van finansiële tegnologie gevorm het.
In 1967 het [[Barclays]] die wêreld se eerste [[outotellermasjien|OTM]] in [[Londen]] bekendgestel, wat toegang tot kontant en basiese bankdienste uitgebrei het. Die OTM, wat deur [[verkoopmasjien]]s geïnspireer is, was 'n beduidende stap in die rigting van selfdiensbankwese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From the archives: the ATM is 50 |url=https://home.barclays/news/2017/06/from-the-archives-the-atm-is-50/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Barclays |date=2017-06-27}}</ref>
Finansiële tegnologie-infrastruktuur het verder ontwikkel met die stigting van die Inter-bank Computer Bureau in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] in 1968. Hierdie ontwikkeling het die grondslag gelê vir die land se eerste geoutomatiseerde [[verrekeningskamer]]stelsel, wat uiteindelik in [[BACS]] (Bankers' Automated Clearing Services) ontwikkel het om elektroniese fondsoordragte tussen banke te fasiliteer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Payment systems in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.bis.org/cpmi/paysys/unitedkingdomcomp.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=BIS}}</ref>
Die wêreld van [[effektehandel]] is in 1971 verander met die stigting van [[NASDAQ]], die wêreld se eerste digitale [[effektebeurs]]. NASDAQ se elektroniese noteringstelsel was 'n beduidende sprong vorentoe vanaf die tradisionele stelsel van [[oop uitroep]] wat op effektebeurse gebruik is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nasdaq: 50 Years of Market Innovation |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/nasdaq%3A-50-years-of-market-innovation-2021-02-11 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nasdaq}}</ref>
Twee jaar later het die stigting van [[SWIFT]] (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings wêreldwyd gestandaardiseer en beveilig. SWIFT se boodskapstelsel het die wêreldwye standaard vir internasionale geld- en effekte-oordragte geword.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=Susan V. |last2=Zachariadis |first2=Markos |date=2012-08-01 |title=Origins and development of SWIFT, 1973–2009 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |journal=Business History Review |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=461–502 |doi=10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |issn=0007-6791|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Die invoering van elektroniese fondsoordragstelsels, soos die [[Automated Clearing House|ACH]] (Automated Clearing House) in die [[Verenigde State]], het vinniger en doeltreffender geldoordragte moontlik gemaak. Die ACH-netwerk het [[direkte deposito]]'s, [[betaalstaat]]betalings en elektroniese rekeningbetalings moontlik gemaak, wat die behoefte aan [[tjek|papiertjeks]] aansienlik verminder het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the ACH Network |url=https://www.nacha.org/content/history-nacha-and-ach-network |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nacha}}</ref>
=== Opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste ===
[[Lêer:Bloomberg Terminal Museum.jpg|duimnael|263px|[[Bloomberg-terminaal]]museum in [[Manhattan]]]]
Die 1980's en 1990's was getuie van beduidende ontwikkelings in finansiële tegnologie, met die opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste en die vroeë stadiums van [[aanlyn bankwese]]. 'n Groot deurbraak het gekom toe [[Michael Bloomberg]] Innovative Market Systems (later [[Bloomberg L.P.]]) gestig en die [[Bloomberg-terminaal]] bekendgestel het. Hierdie innovasie het verander hoe finansiële professionele persone markdata verkry en ontleed het, deur intydse finansiële markdata, ontledings en nuus aan finansiële instellings wêreldwyd te verskaf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloomberg: The Early Years |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/company/stories/bloomberg-the-early-years/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref>
Aanlyn bankwese het in die vroeë 1980's ontstaan, toe die [[Bank of Scotland]] die eerste aanlyn bankdiens in die VK, genaamd Homelink, aangebied het. Hierdie diens het kliënte in staat gestel om state te bekyk, geld oor te plaas en rekenings te betaal met behulp van hul [[televisie]]s en [[telefoon]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Move Fast In Home Banking |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/02/business/british-move-fast-in-home-banking.html |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The New York Times |date=1984-01-02}}</ref>
Die laat 1980's het die ontwikkeling van [[Elektroniese data-uitruiling|EDI]]-standaarde (Electronic Data Interchange) gesien, wat ondernemings in staat gestel het om finansiële dokumente elektronies uit te ruil en [[Besigheid-tot-besigheid|B2B]]-transaksies (besigheid-tot-besigheid) te vereenvoudig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)? |url=https://www.sap.com/products/business-network/supply-chain-collaboration/what-is-edi.html|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SAP}}</ref>
'n Beduidende mylpaal in digitale verbruikersbankwese het in 1994 gekom toe die [[Stanford Federal Credit Union]] die eerste [[internetbankwese]]-webwerf bekendgestel het. Hierdie diens het lede aanvanklik in staat gestel om rekeningsaldo's aanlyn na te gaan, met rekeningbetalingsfunksionaliteit wat in 1997 bygevoeg is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford Federal Credit Union Pioneers Online Financial Services |url=https://app.articleonepartners.com/study/download?file_id=637 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=AOP Connect}}</ref> Dit was egter eers in 1999 dat die eerste staatsgeoktrooieerde, [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation|FDIC]]-versekerde instelling wat hoofsaaklik aanlyn bedryf is, gestig is. First Internet Bank, gestig deur David Becker, het 'n nuwe era in aanlyn-alleen bankwese ingelui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Internet Bank Launches Real-Time Internet Banking Services |url=https://www.firstib.com/about-us/news-resources/press-news/first-internet-bank-launches-real-time-internet-banking-services/|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=First Internet Bank |date=1999-02-22}}</ref>
=== Dot-com-era ===
Die laat 1990's en vroeë 2000's was 'n beduidende keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie, aangesien talle innovasies gedurende die [[dot-com-borrel|dot-com-hoogbloei]] ontstaan het. Een noemenswaardige ontwikkeling was die opkoms van aanlyn handelsplatforms, met [[E-Trade]], wat in 1982 gestig is, aan die voorpunt. In 1992 het E-Trade een van die eerste finansiëledienstemaatskappye geword wat aanlyn handel aan verbruikers aangebied het, wat die manier waarop individue met die [[aandelemark]] omgegaan het, omvorm het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=E*TRADE Financial Corporation History |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/e-trade-morgan-stanley/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes}}</ref>
Nog 'n deurslaggewende oomblik was die stigting van [[PayPal]] in 1998. PayPal se sukses met die skep van 'n veilige en gebruikersvriendelike aanlyn betaalstelsel het die lewensvatbaarheid van digitale betaaloplossings gedemonstreer en die weg gebaan vir talle daaropvolgende finansiële tegnologiebeginondernemings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tripsas |first1=Mary |date=2009 |title=Technology, Identity, and Inertia Through the Lens of "The Digital Photography Company" |journal=Organization Science |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=441–460 |doi=10.1287/orsc.1080.0419 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1270568_code698198.pdf?abstractid=1270568&mirid=1&type=2 }}; {{Cite book |last1=Vartanian |first1=Thomas P. |last2=Ledig |first2=Robert H. |last3=Bruneau |first3=Lynn |date=1998 |title=21st Century Money, Banking & Commerce |publisher=Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP |isbn=978-0-9663317-3-8}}</ref>
Die vroeë 2000's het ook die opkoms van innoverende sakemodelle in die finansiëledienstebedryf gesien. WebBank, wat in 1997 gestig is, het in 2005 begin om 'n "huur-'n-oktrooi"-model (''rent-a-charter'') aan te bied, wat die nodige bankinfrastruktuur en regulatoriese nakoming verskaf het sodat finansiële tegnologiebeginondernemings bankdienste kon aanbied sonder om hul eie oktrooie te bekom. Hierdie model sou later van kardinale belang blyk te wees om die groei van talle finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye moontlik te maak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Rent-a-Charter: Examining New Risks Behind Bank-Fintech Partnerships |url=https://sites.duke.edu/thefinregblog/2020/01/23/the-rise-of-rent-a-charter-examining-new-risks-behind-bank-fintech-partnerships/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The FinReg Blog |publisher=Duke University School of Law |date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
=== Ná die finansiële krisis van 2008 ===
Die [[finansiële krisis van 2008]] het as katalisator vir die vinnige groei van die finansiële tegnologiebedryf gedien, aangesien dalende vertroue in tradisionele finansiële instellings geleenthede vir innoverende, tegnologiegedrewe oplossings geskep het. Die vroeë dae van die na-krisis-era het die opkoms van digitale geldeenhede gesien, met [[e-Gold]] as 'n voorloper van die ontwikkeling van [[Bitcoin]]. Hoewel e-Gold, wat gebruikers toegelaat het om rekenings in gram goud te skep en onmiddellike oordragte moontlik gemaak het, uiteindelik regsuitdagings en sluiting in die gesig gestaar het, het dit die grondslag vir toekomstige digitale geldeenhede gelê.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Bullion and Bandits: The Improbable Rise and Fall of E-Gold|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/06/e-gold/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Wired Magazine |last1=Zetter |first1=Kim }}</ref>
Die uitvinding van Bitcoin in 2008 deur 'n anonieme skepper wat die skuilnaam [[Satoshi Nakamoto]] gebruik het, was 'n keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van digitale geldeenhede en [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]]. Bitcoin se gebruik van [[blokketting]]tegnologie het 'n golf van ontwikkeling op die gebied van [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] ontketen en nuwe moontlikhede vir veilige, deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels geopen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System|url=https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf|author=Nakamoto, Satoshi|date=2008-10-31|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Namate die finansiële tegnologielandskap verder ontwikkel het, het nuwe betalingsverwerkingsmaatskappye die mark betree wat ontwikkelaarsvriendelike [[Toepassingsprogrammeringskoppelvlak|API's]] aangebied het wat aanlyn betalingsintegrasie dramaties vereenvoudig het. Deur die toetredingsdrempels vir [[e-handel]] en aanlyn finansiële dienste te verlaag, het hierdie maatskappye 'n deurslaggewende rol gespeel om die groei van nuwe finansiële tegnologiebeginondernemings moontlik te maak en innovasie in die sektor aan te dryf.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chiu |first1=Iris H-Y |date=2017 |title=A new era in fintech payment innovations? A perspective from the institutions and regulation of payment systems |journal=Law, Innovation and Technology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=190–234 |doi=10.1080/17579961.2017.1377912|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1553175/ }}</ref>
Die vennootbankmodel, wat in die vroeë 2000's ontstaan het, het in die na-krisis-era beduidende momentum gekry. Hierdie model het verder uitgebrei as sy aanvanklike "huur-'n-oktrooi"-konsep en het in meer omvattende vennootskappe tussen tradisionele banke en finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye ontwikkel. Hierdie samewerkings het vinnige innovasie en marktoetrede moontlik gemaak, aangesien finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye die regulatoriese nakoming en infrastruktuur van gevestigde banke benut het terwyl hulle hul eie tegnologiese kundigheid en kliëntgesentreerde benaderings ingebring het. Dit het die groei van die finansiële tegnologiesektor verder versnel en die verspreiding van digitaal-eerste finansiële dienste moontlik gemaak.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Drasch |first1=Benedict J. |last2=Schweizer |first2=André |last3=Urbach |first3=Nils |date=2018 |title=Integrating the 'Troublemakers': A taxonomy for cooperation between banks and fintechs |journal=Journal of Economics and Business |volume=100 |pages=26–42 |doi=10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.04.002|url=https://www.fim-rc.de/Paperbibliothek/Veroeffentlicht/575/wi-575.pdf }}</ref> Die verrypking van hierdie model het die weg gebaan vir die opkoms van [[neobank]]e, wat tradisionele bankparadigmas uitgedaag het deur volkome digitale ervarings aan te bied en kliënteverwagtinge in die banksektor herdefinieer het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Banking as a Service |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/banking-needs-a-new-business-model-heres-a-blueprint-for-the-future |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=McKinsey & Company }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Die toenemende gebruik van [[slimfoon]]s het die ontwikkeling van mobiel-eerste finansiële tegnologie-oplossings aangedryf. Square se bekendstelling van 'n mobiele kaartleser in 2009 het klein ondernemings in staat gestel om [[kredietkaart]]betalings met slimfone te aanvaar, wat toegang tot betalingsverwerking gedemokratiseer het en die transformerende potensiaal van mobiele tegnologie in die finansiëledienstebedryf beklemtoon het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Yufei |last2=Zhu |first2=Huiming |last3=Li |first3=Zhenhua |last4=Jiang |first4=Zhibin |date=2021 |title=Mobile Payment in China: Practice and Its Effects |journal=Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=56–69 |doi=10.24294/jipd.v5i1.1237|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
Die ontwikkeling van mobiele betaalstelsels het voortgeduur met die bekendstelling van [[Google Wallet]] in 2011 en [[Apple Pay]] in 2014, wat mobiele betalings verder gewild gemaak het en die groeiende verbruikersvraag na gerieflike, veilige en gebruikersvriendelike betaaloplossings gedemonstreer het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dahlberg |first1=Tomi |last2=Guo /|first2=Jie |last3=Ondrus |first3=Jan |date=2015 |title=A critical review of mobile payment research |journal=Electronic Commerce Research and Applications |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=265–284 |doi=10.1016/j.elerap.2015.07.006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Reuver |first1=Mark |last2=Ondrus |first2=Jan |last3=Bouwman |first3=Harry |author-link3=Harry Bouwman |date=2015 |title=Mobile payment systems: adoption patterns in different countries |journal=International Journal of Electronic Business |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=328–348 |doi=10.1504/IJEB.2015.071386}}</ref>
Hierdie tydperk het ook die opkoms van eweknie-tot-eweknie- (P2P) [[Patentaansoek|betalingstoepassings]] gesien. Hierdie platforms het die manier waarop individue geld oorplaas, omvorm deur vinnige en maklike transaksies tussen gebruikers moontlik te maak. Deur vinnige, direkte oordragte via mobiele toestelle toe te laat, het P2P-betalingstoepassings die wrywing in persoonlike finansiële transaksies aansienlik verminder en dit eenvoudiger gemaak vir mense om rekenings te verdeel, koste te deel of geld aan vriende en familie te stuur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Story of Venmo |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/03/12/the-story-of-venmo/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes |date=2018-03-12}}</ref>
=== Versnelde groei van digitale finansies ===
Die wêreldwye [[COVID-19-pandemie]], wat vroeg in 2020 begin het, het 'n diepgaande uitwerking op die finansiële tegnologiebedryf gehad, die aanvaarding van digitale finansiële dienste versnel en die belangrikheid van tegnologie in die versekering van die veerkragtigheid en toeganklikheid van finansiële stelsels beklemtoon. Namate inperkings en [[sosiale distansiëring]]smaatreëls ondernemings en verbruikers genoodsaak het om swaarder op digitale kanale staat te maak, het finansiële tegnologie-oplossings 'n toename in aanvraag beleef.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fu |first1=Jonathan |last2=Mishra |first2=Mrinal |date=2020 |title=The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Fintech Adoption |journal=Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper No. 20-38 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3588453|ssrn=3588453 }}</ref>
Mobiel-eerste finansiële tegnologietoepassings het gedurende hierdie tydperk ongekende groei beleef. Baie handelsplatforms het beduidende toenames in nuwe gebruikersrekenings aangemeld, met sommige wat miljoene nuwe befondsde rekenings in die vroeë maande van die pandemie bygevoeg het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robinhood Raises $280 Million in Series F Funding Led by Sequoia |url=https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2020/5/4/robinhood-raises-280-million-in-series-f-funding-led-by-sequoia |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Robinhood Blog |date=2020-05-04}}</ref> Net so het betalings- en geldoordragtoepassings aansienlike gebruikersgroei beleef, met sommige platforms wat hul maandelikse aktiewe gebruikers oor 'n tydperk van drie jaar meer as verdubbel het, wat op 'n massiewe verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste dui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Block Q4 2022 Shareholder Letter |url=https://s29.q4cdn.com/628966176/files/doc_financials/2022/q4/Block_Shareholder-Letter-4Q22.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Block Investor Relations |date=2023-02-23}}</ref>
Die gebeure van 2020 het ook die beperkings van tradisionele finansiële instellings blootgelê om in die behoeftes van verbruikers en ondernemings in tye van krisis te voorsien. Finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye, met hul ratse en tegnologiegedrewe sakemodelle, was beter geposisioneer om te reageer op die uitdagings van die vinnig veranderende omgewing, en het innoverende oplossings vir afstandbankwese, kontaklose betalings en digitale lenings gebied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How COVID-19 has sped up digitalization for the banking sector |url=https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=EY |date=2020-11-17 |archive-date=24 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224005908/https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector }}</ref>
Gedurende hierdie tydperk het [[waagkapitaal]]waardasies vir finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye die hoogte ingeskiet, aangedryf deur lae rentekoerse en 'n bloeiende [[aandelemark]]. Die toename in finansiële tegnologiebeleggings is gekenmerk deur beduidende kapitaalinvloei, wat tot hoër waardasies en meer gereelde uittredings via [[aanvanklike openbare aanbod|AOA's]] en [[Spesiale-doel-verkrygingsmaatskappy|SPAC's]] gelei het. Verskeie prominente finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye het rekordbrekende waardasies behaal, wat die sektor se groei en beleggersvertroue verder onderstreep het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintechs: A New Paradigm of Growth |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/financial%20services/our%20insights/fintechs%20a%20new%20paradigm%20%20of%20growth/fintechs-a-new-paradigm-of-growth.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=McKinsey & Company |date=2021-04-14}}</ref>
Die verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste gedurende hierdie tydperk het ook die aanvaarding van blokkettingtegnologie en kriptogeldeenhede versnel. Namate [[sentrale bank]]e regoor die wêreld die moontlikheid ondersoek het om [[sentralebank-digitale geldeenheid|digitale geldeenhede]] uit te reik, het die belangstelling in [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]] en [[nie-vervangbare token]]s gegroei, wat nuwe weë vir innovasie in die finansiële tegnologiesektor geopen het.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=DeFi's Promise and Pitfalls |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666764923000280 |access-date=2024-07-20 |journal=FinTech |volume=3 |issue=2 |article-number=100028 |date=2023-04-01 |doi=10.1016/j.fin.2023.100028 |last=Schar |first=Fabian|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
=== Afrika ===
Die finansiële tegnologielandskap in Afrika is aan die groei, met aktiewe maatskappye wat 1 263 in 2024 bereik het, 'n beduidende toename vanaf 1 049 in 2022 en 450 in 2020.<ref name="unlock">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20240033-finance-in-africa |title=Finance in Africa: Unlocking Investment in an Era of Digital Transformation and Climate Transition |date=2024-11-07 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5767-7}}</ref> Nigerië lei die finansiële tegnologiesektor en verteenwoordig 28% van alle finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye op die vasteland, en huisves agt van Afrika se nege fintegeenhorings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Remains Africa's Fintech Powerhouse |url=https://furtherafrica.com/2025/08/25/nigeria-remains-africas-fintech-powerhouse/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Further Africa |date=2025-08-25}}</ref>
Teen vroeg 2025 was Nigerië die tuiste van meer as 430 fintegmaatskappye, 'n toename van 70% jaar-op-jaar, met finteg wat 72% van die land se totale aandelebefondsing verteenwoordig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria's Fintech Sector Surges 70% Despite Challenges |url=https://fintechnews.africa/44869/fintech-nigeria/nigerias-fintech-sector-surges-70-despite-challenges/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News Africa |date=2025-03-13}}</ref> Afrikaanse fintegbeginondernemings het in 2025 gesamentlik meer as VS$3 miljard aan bekendgemaakte befondsing ingesamel, 'n toename van 33% jaar-op-jaar, terwyl die sektor van vinnige skaalvergroting na volhoubare groei en winsgewendheid verskuif het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Fintechs Projected to Grow Profitably in 2026 |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202601080119.html |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=AllAfrica |date=2026-01-08}}</ref>
=== Midde-Ooste ===
Die [[Verenigde Arabiese Emirate]] het na vore getree as die voorste fintegsentrum in die streek van die [[Midde-Ooste en Noord-Afrika]] (MENA). Die VAE huisves ongeveer 'n kwart van alle fintegmaatskappye in die MENA-streek, ondersteun deur twee finansiële vryhandelsones met onafhanklike regulatoriese raamwerke: die [[Dubai International Financial Centre]] (DIFC), gereguleer deur die [[Dubai Financial Services Authority]] (DFSA), en die [[Abu Dhabi Global Market]] (ADGM), gereguleer deur die Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintech 2025 – UAE|url=https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/fintech-2025/uae/trends-and-developments |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Chambers and Partners |date=2025}}</ref> Teen 2025 het die DIFC gegroei tot meer as 1 500 finteg-, kunsmatige intelligensie- en innovasiefirmas, wat negende geplaas het onder wêreldwye fintegsentrums volgens die Global Financial Centres Index, en eerste in die Midde-Ooste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 in Review: AI, Tokenization, Islamic Finance Dominate UAE Fintech Landscape |url=https://fintechnews.ae/29466/abudhabi/2025-in-review-ai-tokenization-islamic-finance-dominate-uae-fintech-landscape/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News UAE |date=2025-12-22}}</ref>
[[Israel]] huisves 'n gevestigde fintegsektor.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Anders as die VAE se vryhandelsone-model, het Israel 'n statutêre regulatoriese sandput-model nagestreef, wat deur 'n interministeriële span voorgestel is en in die 2021-wetsontwerp vir die Aanmoediging van Tegnologiese Ontwikkeling op die Finansiële Gebied uiteengesit is.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Die voorgestelde raamwerk, wat vanaf 2025 steeds op die wetsontwerpstadium bly, word geadministreer deur 'n komitee van die land se vernaamste finansiële reguleerders (die [[Ministerie van Finansies (Israel)|Ministerie van Finansies]], die [[Bank van Israel]], die Kapitaalmark-, Versekerings- en Spaargesag, die Israelse Effektegesag, en die owerheid vir die bekamping van geldwassery), wat bedoel is om as 'n gekoördineerde toegangspunt vir deelnemende firmas te dien.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cahane |first1=Amir |last2=Sierra |first2=Michael |date=Januarie 2025|title=Nascent regulatory sandbox frameworks for AI in Israel |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/nascent-regulatory-sandbox-frameworks-for-ai-in-israel/C9E5B9630A678D809BDA109AE018881A |journal=Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance |language=en |volume=1 |article-number=e40 |doi=10.1017/cfl.2025.10032 |issn=3033-3733}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Plato-Shinar |first=Ruth |date=2021 |title=Thinking Outside the Box: The New Regulatory Sandbox Regime in Israel |journal=Banking & Finance L. Rev. |volume=36 |issue=3 |ssrn=3829880 }}</ref>
== 2020's ==
Die 2020's het 'n nuwe fase in finansiële tegnologie ingelui, gekenmerk deur die hoofstroomaanvaarding van kunsmatige intelligensie regoor finansiële dienste. Vanaf 2023 is generatiewe KI-hulpmiddels deur banke, betalingsverwerkers en beleggingsplatforms aangeneem om kliëntediens, kredietbesluitneming, bedrogopsporing en portefeuljebestuur te outomatiseer.
Die vinnige integrasie van KI in finansiële infrastruktuur het ook regulatoriese aandag getrek. In Mei 2026 het die [[Internasionale Monetêre Fonds]] gewaarsku dat KI-aangedrewe kuberaanvalle sistemiese risiko's vir wêreldwye finansiële stabiliteit inhou, en opgemerk dat gevorderde modelle die tyd en koste wat nodig is om kwesbaarhede regoor onderling gekoppelde bankstelsels te identifiseer en uit te buit, dramaties kan verminder, terwyl uiterste kubervoorvalle finansieringsdruk kan veroorsaak en breër markte kan ontwrig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Risks Mount as Artificial Intelligence Fuels Cyberattacks|url=https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2026/05/07/financial-stability-risks-mount-as-artificial-intelligence-fuels-cyberattacks|website=International Monetary Fund|date=2026-05-07|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die [[Federale Reserwe]] se Finansiële Stabiliteitsverslag van die lente van 2026 het bevind dat 50% van markkontakte KI as 'n potensiële sistemiese skok vir finansiële markte geïdentifiseer het, teenoor 9% die vorige jaar, wat 'n meer as vyfvoudige toename in waargenome KI-verwante sistemiese risiko oor twaalf maande verteenwoordig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Report, May 2026|url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/financial-stability-report20260508.pdf|website=Federal Reserve|date=2026-05-08|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die dekade het ook beduidende finteguitbreiding in ontluikende markte gesien. In Afrika het aktiewe fintegmaatskappye 1 263 in 2024 bereik, teenoor 450 in 2020, met Nigerië wat 28% van alle maatskappye op die vasteland verteenwoordig. In die [[Golfsamewerkingsraad|GSR]] het regulatoriese sandputte wat deur die [[Dubai Financial Services Authority]] en [[Abu Dhabi Global Market]] gevestig is, finteglisensiëring versnel en 'n nuwe generasie digitale beleggingsplatforms in staat gestel om kleinhandelbeleggers regoor die streek te bereik.
== Bedryfslandskap ==
Die finansiële tegnologiebedryf sluit 'n uiteenlopende reeks finansiële dienste en tegnologieë in wat in verskeie kernareas gekategoriseer kan word. Baie maatskappye is oor meerdere areas heen aktief of skep nuwe nisse wat hierdie onderskeide vervaag.
{| class="wikitable"
! Kategorie
! Besonderhede
|-
| Bankwese en persoonlike finansies
| Digitale bankplatforms en neobanke wat gebruikersvriendelike koppelvlakke, uitgawesnasporing, finansiële beplanning en geïntegreerde persoonlike finansiële bestuurshulpmiddels bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hornuf|first1=Lars|last2=Klus|first2=Milan F.|last3=Lohwasser|first3=Todor S.|last4=Schwienbacher|first4=Armin|title=How do banks interact with fintech startups?|journal=Small Business Economics|year=2021|volume=57|issue=3|pages=1505–1526|doi=10.1007/s11187-020-00359-3|doi-access=free|hdl=10419/289149|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Betalings, fakture, oorbetalings en transaksies
| Digitale betaaloplossings, faktuurstelsels, eweknie-tot-eweknie-oordragte, internasionale oorbetalings, betaalstaatdienste, invorderings, en korporatiewe kaart- en uitgawebestuurstelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gomber|first1=Peter|last2=Koch|first2=Jascha-Alexander|last3=Siering|first3=Michael|title=Digital Finance and FinTech: Current research and future research directions|journal=Journal of Business Economics|year=2017|volume=87|issue=5|pages=537–580|doi=10.1007/s11573-017-0852-x}}</ref>
|-
| Lenings en krediet
| Eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms, [[Koop nou, betaal later|BNPL]], aanlyn persoonlike lenings en finansiering vir klein ondernemings, wat dikwels alternatiewe data en masjienleer vir kredietbeoordeling gebruik.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jagtiani|first1=Julapa|last2=Lemieux|first2=Catharine|title=The roles of alternative data and machine learning in fintech lending: Evidence from the LendingClub consumer platform|journal=Financial Management|year=2019|volume=48|issue=4|pages=1009–1029|doi=10.1111/fima.12295}}</ref>
|-
| Belegging en vermoënsbestuur
| Robo-adviseurs (vermoënsbestuursdienste wat algoritmes gebruik vir outomatiese beleggingsadvies en digitale portefeuljebestuur<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=Dominik|last2=Dorner|first2=Verena|last3=Weinhardt|first3=Christof|last4=Pusmaz|first4=Hakan|title=Designing a robo-advisor for risk-averse, low-budget consumers|journal=Electronic Markets|year=2018|volume=28|issue=3|pages=367–380|doi=10.1007/s12525-017-0279-9}}</ref>), aanlyn makelaars en [[Doen-dit-self-belegging|selfgerigte beleggingsplatforms]].
|-
| Kapitaalmarkte en batebestuur
| Algoritmiese handelsplatforms, markdata-ontleding en portefeulje-optimaliseringshulpmiddels vir institusionele handel en batebestuur.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kirilenko|first1=Andrei A.|last2=Lo|first2=Andrew W.|title=Moore's Law versus Murphy's Law: Algorithmic Trading and Its Discontents|journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives|year=2013|volume=27|issue=2|pages=51–72|doi=10.1257/jep.27.2.51|doi-access=free |hdl=1721.1/87768|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Insurtech en proptech
| Tegnologietoepassings in versekering en eiendom, wat gepersonaliseerde polisse, vaartbelynde eisprosesse en innoverende eiendomsbestuursoplossings bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Eling|first1=Martin|last2=Lehmann|first2=Martin|title=The impact of digitalization on the insurance value chain and the insurability of risks|journal=The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice|year=2018|volume=43|issue=3|pages=359–396|doi=10.1057/s41288-017-0073-0}}</ref>
|-
| [[Blokketting]], [[Kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] en [[Gedesentraliseerde finansies|DeFi]]
| Blokketting-gebaseerde tegnologieë wat kriptogeldeenhede en platforms vir gedesentraliseerde finansies (DeFi) moontlik maak vir meer deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Yan|last2=Bellavitis|first2=Cristiano|title=Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models|journal=Journal of Business Venturing Insights|year=2020|volume=13|article-number=e00151|doi=10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00151}}</ref>
|-
| Regtech, nakoming en sekuriteit
| Regulatoriese tegnologie-oplossings vir monitering, verslagdoening, nakoming, bedrogopsporing en kuberveiligheid in die finansiële sektor.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Arner|first1=Douglas W.|last2=Barberis|first2=Jànos|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley|title=FinTech, RegTech, and the reconceptualization of financial regulation|journal=Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business|year=2016|volume=37|issue=3|pages=371–413|url=https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njilb/vol37/iss3/2/}}</ref>
|-
| Infrastruktuur
| [[Kernbankwese|Kernbankstelsels]], finansiële data-samevoegingsdienste, oopbankwese-API's, Bankwese-as-'n-Diens- (BaaS) platforms, en gevorderde data-ontledingshulpmiddels wat die hele finansiële tegnologie-ekosisteem ondersteun.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Omarini|first1=Anna|title=Banks and Fintechs: How to Develop a Digital Open Banking Approach for the Bank's Future|journal=International Business Research|year=2018|volume=11|issue=9|pages=23–36|doi=10.5539/ibr.v11n9p23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zetzsche|first1=Dirk A.|last2=Arner|first2=Douglas W.|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P.|last4=Weber|first4=Rolf H.|title=The Future of Data-Driven Finance and RegTech: Lessons from EU Big Bang II|journal=Stanford Journal of Law, Business & Finance|year=2019|volume=25|issue=2|pages=245–288|ssrn=3359399 }}</ref>
|}
== Inkomstemodelle ==
Finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye gebruik verskeie inkomstemodelle en kombineer dikwels meerdere benaderings om inkomstestrome te diversifiseer.
Transaksiefooie vorm 'n primêre inkomstebron vir baie finansiële tegnologie-ondernemings, veral betalingsverwerkers en kriptogeldeenheidbeurse. Hierdie maatskappye hef tipies 'n persentasie van elke verwerkte transaksie. Sommige maatskappye het hierdie model uitgebrei om premiefooie vir dienste soos onmiddellike uitbetalings in te sluit, wat handelaars bedien wat onmiddellike toegang tot fondse benodig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement |url=https://s201.q4cdn.com/231198771/files/doc_financials/2024/ar/PayPal-Holdings-Inc-Combined-2024-Proxy-Statement-and-2023-Annual-Report.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Paypal Investor Report }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coinbase Shareholder Letter First Quarter 2024 |url=https://s27.q4cdn.com/397450999/files/doc_financials/2024/05/Shareholder-Letter-Q1-2024.pdf|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Coinbase Investor Report}}</ref> [[Uitruilfooi]]e verteenwoordig nog 'n beduidende inkomstestroom, veral vir firmas wat betaalkaarte aanbied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merchant Indifference Test Application |url=https://www.bundesbank.de/resource/blob/634960/f74645a59a2ada2d858a3c91ee2508df/mL/2014-09-16-merchant-indifference-test-application-data.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=bundesbank}}</ref>
[[Lêer:Gao-report-on-interchange.gif|duimnael|regs|250px|GAO-verslagbeeld wat uitruilfooie verduidelik]]
Intekening- en [[freemium]]-modelle stel maatskappye in staat om basiese dienste gratis aan te bied terwyl hulle vir gevorderde kenmerke of premievlakke hef.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolut 2023 Annual Report |url=https://cdn.revolut.com/pdf/annualreport2023.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Revolut}}</ref> Hierdie benadering is algemeen onder digitale banke en finansiële bestuursplatforms. In die besigheid-tot-besigheid- (B2B) sektor is gebruiksgebaseerde prysbepaling algemeen, veral vir API-dienste. Verskaffers van finansiële tegnologie-infrastruktuur hef dikwels op grond van die volume API-oproepe of transaksies wat verwerk word, wat ander ondernemings in staat stel om toegang tot gespesialiseerde finansiële dienste te verkry sonder om dit intern te ontwikkel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revenue Opportunities Created By Open APIs |url=https://www.fisglobal.com/-/media/fisglobal/files/pdf/white-paper/realizing-revenue-opportunities-with-open-apis.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=fisglobal}}</ref>
Rentegebaseerde inkomste is van kardinale belang vir baie finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye, veral in die bank- en leningsektore. Digitale banke en beleggingsplatforms verdien tipies rente op kliëntedeposito's en kontantsaldo's. Leningsplatforms kombineer dikwels rente-inkomste met leningsverkope, deur gedeeltes van hul leningsportefeuljes aan ander instellings of beleggers te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LendingClub Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Results |url=https://ir.lendingclub.com/news/news-details/2023/LendingClub-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2022-Results/default.aspx |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=LendingClub Investor Relations |date=2023-01-25}}</ref>
Datagedrewe inkomstemodelle, hoewel potensieel winsgewend, het toenemende ondersoek en regulering in die gesig gestaar. Sommige firmas is by datamonetisering betrokke deur saamgevoegde of geanonimiseerde gebruikersdata aan derde partye te verkoop. Hierdie praktyk het egter privaatheidskwessies en regulatoriese uitdagings laat ontstaan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawmakers Call for Investigation of Fintech Company Yodlee's Data Selling |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lawmakers-call-for-investigation-of-fintech-firm-yodlees-data-selling-11579269600 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=WSJ |date=2020-01-17}}</ref> 'n Minder omstrede benadering behels die benutting van gebruikersdata vir geteikende advertensies en loodgenerering, waar inkomste deur produkaanbevelings en verwysingsfooie verdien word terwyl gratis dienste aan gebruikers verskaf word.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intuit Investor Dat 2023 |url=https://investors.intuit.com/_assets/_85ab9fac85f2c84ae8711d96ca5b2870/intuit/db/923/9393/pdf/Intuit-Investor-Day-2023_E2E-PRINT-Deck_092723-1.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Intuit}}</ref>
Sommige inkomstemodelle, soos betaling vir bestellingsvloei (PFOF) wat deur sekere makelaarsfirmas gebruik word, beweeg in 'n regulatoriese grys gebied. Hoewel PFOF kommissievrye transaksies moontlik maak, wat moontlik kleinhandelbeleggers bevoordeel, is dit onder die soeklig weens kommer oor belangebotsings en beste-uitvoeringspraktyke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEC Charges Robinhood Financial With Misleading Customers About Revenue Sources and Failing to Satisfy Duty of Best Execution |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-321 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SEC.gov |date=2020-12-17}}</ref>
== Infrastruktuur ==
Moderne finansiële tegnologie berus op 'n gedeelde laag van tegniese infrastruktuur wat toepassings, banke en [[Derdeparty|derdepartyverskaffers]] in staat stel om data veilig uit te ruil en transaksies te inisieer. Sentraal tot hierdie infrastruktuur is gestandaardiseerde toepassingsprogrammeringskoppelvlakke (API's), wat sagtewarestelsels toelaat om met mekaar te kommunikeer sonder om die onderliggende kode of data direk bloot te stel. Die sekuriteit van hierdie integrasies word bepaal deur protokolle soos [[OAuth 2.0]] en [[OpenID]] Connect, en in finansiële dienste spesifiek deur die Financial-grade API- (FAPI) standaard — 'n sekuriteitsprofiel wat deur die OpenID Foundation ontwikkel is en wat definieer hoe API's wat sensitiewe finansiële data hanteer, kliënte moet verifieer, toestemming moet bestuur en die onweerlegbaarheid van transaksies moet verseker.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAPI Working Group |url=https://openid.net/wg/fapi/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=OpenID Foundation}}</ref>
[[Oopbankwese]] verteenwoordig die mees beduidende regulatoriese formalisering van hierdie API-infrastruktuur tot op hede. Onder oopbankwese-raamwerke word banke verplig om kliënterekeningdata en betalingsdienste via gestandaardiseerde API's aan gemagtigde derde partye beskikbaar te stel, onderhewig aan uitdruklike kliëntetoestemming. Die model is eerste op groot skaal verplig deur die [[Europese Unie]] se hersiene Betalingsdiensterigtlyn ([[Betalingsdiensterigtlyn|PSD2]]) in 2018 en die VK se [[Open Banking Standard]], wat ná 'n uitspraak van die Competition and Markets Authority in 2016 gevestig is.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025 |title=OBL Impact Report 7 |url=https://www.openbanking.org.uk/insights/obl-impact-report-7-open-banking-delivers-real-world-impact-as-adoption-accelerates-year-on-year/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Open Banking Limited}}</ref> Vergelykbare raamwerke is sedertdien wêreldwyd aangeneem, insluitend die Financial Data Exchange- (FDX) standaard in die Verenigde State en die Consumer Data Right (CDR) in Australië, hoewel hierdie verskil ten opsigte van terminologie, tegniese standaarde en implementeringsmodel.<ref>{{cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=The Anatomy of a Thriving Open Banking Ecosystem |url=https://ozoneapi.com/blog/the-anatomy-of-a-thriving-open-banking-ecosystem/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Ozone API}}</ref> Teen 2024 is die wêreldwye oopbankwesemark op ongeveer $31,6 miljard gewaardeer en dit sal na verwagting teen 2030 $135 miljard bereik.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Banking Market Size & Share |url=https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/open-banking-systems-market |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Grand View Research}}</ref>
== Kontroversies ==
Namate finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye poog om tradisionele [[finansiële dienste]] te ontwrig, is sommige gekritiseer omdat hulle groei bo [[regulatoriese nakoming|nakoming]], sekuriteit en [[verbruikersbeskerming]] gestel het.
In 'n noemenswaardige kontroversie het die [[kriptogeldeenheidbeurs]] [[FTX]] in November 2022 ineengestort te midde van beskuldigings van misleidende praktyke, onbehoorlike hantering van kliëntebates en onvoldoende risikobeheer.<ref>{{cite news|first=MacKenzie|last=Sigalos|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/15/how-sam-bankman-frieds-ftx-alameda-empire-vanished-overnight.html|title=How Sam Bankman-Fried's crypto empire vanished overnight|date=2022-11-11|work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref>
[[Sam Bankman-Fried]], FTX se stigter en uitvoerende hoof, is later skuldig bevind aan bedrog per elektroniese kommunikasie (''wire fraud''), [[sameswering]] en [[geldwassery]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=David|last1=Yaffe-Bellany|first2=Matthew|last2=Goldstein|first3=J. Edward|last3=Moreno|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|title=Sam Bankman-Fried Is Found Guilty of 7 Counts of Fraud and Conspiracy|date=2022-12-13|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202030700/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|archive-date=2023-12-02}}</ref>
== Verwysings en aantekeninge ==
{{Reflist|35em}}
== Verdere leesstof ==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Teigland |editor1-first=R. |editor2-last=Siri |editor2-first=S.
|editor3-last=Larsson |editor3-first=A. |editor4-last=Puertas |editor4-first=A. M. |editor5-last=Bogusz |editor5-first=C. I. |title=The Rise and Development of FinTech (Open Access): Accounts of Disruption from Sweden and Beyond |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-8153-7850-1 |ref=none}}
* {{cite journal |first=Johannes |last=Treu |title=The Fintech Sensation – What is it about? |journal=Journal of International Business and Management |volume=5 |issue=1 |year=2022 |pages=1–19 |url=https://rpajournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/JIBM-2021-11-2094.pdf |access-date=2023-02-23|doi=10.37227/JIBM-2021-11-2094|issn=2616-5163|ref=none}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Finansiële dienste]]
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{{Kort beskrywing|Deelversameling van tegnologieë wat in finansies gebruik word}}
[[Lêer:Luchtfoto van Lower Manhattan.jpg|duimnael|263px|[[New York-stad]], die wêreld se vernaamste finteg- en [[finansiële sentrum]]<ref name=NewYorkFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld>{{cite web |url = https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-37-explore-the-data/gfci-37-rank/|title = The Global Financial Centres Index 37|publisher = Long Finance|access-date = 2 Junie 2025}}</ref>]]
'''Finansiële tegnologie''' (afgekort as '''finteg'''<ref name="Venter, 2026">{{Cite web| last = Venter| first = Isabel| title = ANC oor Burke: Ondersoek hom!| work = [[Maroela Media]] | access-date = 2026-08-21| date = 2026-08-21| url = https://maroelamedia.co.za/nuus/anc-oor-burke-ondersoek-hom/}}</ref>) verwys na die toepassing van nuwe tegnologieë op produkte en dienste in die [[finansiële bedryf]]. Hierdie breë term omvat 'n wye verskeidenheid tegnologiese hulpmiddels in finansiële dienste, insluitend [[mobiele bankdienste]], aanlyn leningsplatforms, digitale betaalstelsels, [[robo-adviseur]]s en [[blokketting]]-gebaseerde toepassings soos [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schindler |first=John W. |date=2017 |title=FinTech and Financial Innovation: Drivers and Depth |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2017081pap.pdf |journal=Finance and Economics Discussion Series |volume=2017 |issue=81 |doi=10.17016/FEDS.2017.081 |issn=1936-2854}}</ref> Finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye sluit sowel [[beginonderneming]]s as gevestigde tegnologie- en finansiële firmas in wat daarop gemik is om tradisionele finansiële dienste te verbeter, aan te vul of te vervang.
== Ontwikkeling ==
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie strek oor meer as 'n eeu en word gekenmerk deur beduidende tegnologiese innovasies wat die finansiële bedryf hervorm het. Hoewel die toepassing van tegnologie op finansies diep historiese wortels het, het die term "finansiële tegnologie" in die laat 20ste eeu ontstaan en in die 1990's bekendheid verwerf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967">{{Cite news |title=Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/434041835/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |work=The Boston Globe |date=1967-08-27 |page=116}}</ref>
Die vroegste gedokumenteerde gebruik van die term dateer terug na 1967, toe dit in 'n artikel in ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' met die titel "Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money" verskyn het. Hierdie berig het gehandel oor 'n beginbeleggingsmaatskappy wat deur voormalige uitvoerende beamptes van die [[Computer Control Company]] gestig is, met die doel om waagkapitaal en bedryfskundigheid aan beginondernemings in die finansiële tegnologiebedryf te verskaf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967" />
Die term het egter eers in die vroeë 1990's gewild geword toe Citicorp se voorsitter John Reed dit gebruik het om die Financial Services Technology Consortium te beskryf. Hierdie projek, wat deur [[Citigroup]] geïnisieer is, is ontwerp om tegnologiese samewerking in die finansiële sektor te bevorder en was 'n keerpunt in die bedryf se gesamentlike benadering tot innovasie.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal">{{Cite journal |last1=Arner |first1=Douglas W. |last2=Barberis |first2=Jànos |last3=Buckley |first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley |date=2016 |title=The Evolution of Fintech: A New Post-Crisis Paradigm? |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Law |volume=47 |pages=1271–1319 |ssrn=2676553 |issn=1550-5200 }}</ref>
Die finansiële tegnologie-ekosisteem sluit verskeie soorte maatskappye in. Hoewel beginondernemings wat nuwe finansiële tegnologieë of dienste ontwikkel dikwels met finansiële tegnologie geassosieer word, omvat die sektor ook gevestigde tegnologiemaatskappye wat na finansiële dienste uitbrei, sowel as tradisionele [[finansiële instelling]]s wat nuwe tegnologieë aanneem. Hierdie uiteenlopende landskap het tot innovasies in verskeie finansiële sektore gelei, insluitend [[bankwese]], [[versekering]], [[belegging]] en [[betaalstelsel]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=In|last2=Shin|first2=Yong Jae|title=Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges|journal=Business Horizons|year=2018|volume=61|issue=1|pages=35–46|doi=10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003}}</ref>
Finansiële tegnologietoepassings strek oor 'n wye verskeidenheid finansiële dienste. Dit sluit [[digitale bankwese]], [[mobiele betaling]]s en [[digitale beursie]]s, [[eweknie-tot-eweknie-lening|eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms]], [[robo-adviseur]]s en [[algoritmiese handel]], [[insurtech]], [[blokketting]] en [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]], [[regulatoriese tegnologie]] en [[skarefinansiering|skarefinansieringsplatforms]] in.
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie behels dikwels die oorvleueling van telekommunikasie-ingenieurswese met finansies. Byvoorbeeld, vroeë eksperimentering met [[Nabyveldkommunikasie|NFC]]-betalingstandaarde in die 2010's het sommige ontwikkelaars daartoe gelei om verspreide grootboeke as 'n agterkant vir skaalbare mobiele betalings te verken, in 'n poging om die deurset-beperkings van tradisionele bankinfrastruktuur op te los sonder om op gesentraliseerde tussengangers staat te maak.<ref>{{cite news |last=Olson |first=Parmy |title=This Hermetic Engineer Is Plotting The Death Of Blockchain |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2019/01/09/this-hermetic-engineer-is-plotting-the-death-of-blockchain/ |newspaper=Forbes |date=9 Januarie 2019 |access-date=28 Desember 2025}}</ref>
=== Uitwerking op finansiële insluiting ===
Daar is toenemende empiriese bewyse dat finteginnovasies, veral digitale betaalstelsels, [[mobiele geld]] en aanlyn finansiële platforms, beduidend tot finansiële insluiting bydra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why financial inclusion is the key to a thriving economy |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208214438/https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-date=2025-12-08 |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Fintech Impacts Financial Inclusion |url=https://www.phoenix.edu/articles/finance/fintech-impact-on-financial-inclusion.html |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=University of Phoenix |language=en}}</ref> 'n Sistematiese oorsig van 2025 het bevind dat sulke tegnologieë toegang tot finansiële dienste in ontwikkelende en onderbediende gemeenskappe verbeter deur hindernisse tot bankwese te verminder en veilige, bekostigbare transaksies moontlik te maak.<ref>{{cite journal
|last1=Shahen
|first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud
|last2=Sharaf
|first2=Mesbah Fathy
|title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review
|journal=FinTech
|volume=4
|issue=4
|year=2025
|pages=59
|doi=10.3390/fintech4040059
|doi-access=free
}}</ref>
Ten spyte van die algeheel positiewe uitwerking op finansiële insluiting, kan digitale finansiële dienste mense uitsluit wat beperkte internettoegang, lae digitale of finansiële geletterdheid, of minder vertroue in die gebruik van aanlyn dienste het. Dit wek ook verbruikersbeskermingskwessies rondom bedrog, [[kuberveiligheid]] en dataprivaatheid.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-07 |title=Supporting informed and safe use of digital payments through digital financial literacy: Full Report |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/supporting-informed-and-safe-use-of-digital-payments-through-digital-financial-literacy_21de47d1-en/full-report.html |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=OECD |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial Inclusion {{!}} World Bank Group |url=https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/topic/financial-sector/financial-inclusion |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref>
== Geskiedenis ==
=== Grondslae ===
Die laat 19de eeu het die grondslag gelê vir vroeë finansiële tegnologie met die ontwikkeling van die [[telegraaf]] en [[Transatlantiese telegraafkabel|transatlantiese kabelstelsels]]. Hierdie innovasies het die oordrag van finansiële inligting oor grense heen verander en vinniger en doeltreffender kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings moontlik gemaak.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal" />
'n Belangrike mylpaal in elektroniese geldbeweging het gekom met die stigting van die [[Fedwire]] Funds Service deur die [[Federale Reserwebank]]e in 1918. Hierdie vroeë elektroniese fondsoordragstelsel het [[telegraaf]]lyne gebruik om veilige oordragte tussen lidbanke te fasiliteer, en was een van die eerste gevalle van elektroniese geldbeweging.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gilbert |first1=Adam M. |last2=Hunt |first2=Dara |last3=Winch |first3=Kenneth C. |title=Creating an Integrated Payment System: The Evolution of Fedwire |url=https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/epr/97v03n2/9707gilb.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=newyorkfed.org |date=1997}}</ref>
Die 1950's het 'n nuwe era van verbruikersfinansiële dienste ingelui. [[Diners Club International]] het in 1950 die eerste universele [[kredietkaart]] bekendgestel, 'n keerpunt wat verbruikersbesteding en krediet sou hervorm. Hierdie innovasie het die weg gebaan vir die bekendstelling van [[American Express]]-kaarte in 1958 en die BankAmericard (later Visa) in 1959, wat die kredietkaartbedryf verder uitgebrei het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=David S. |last2=Schmalensee |first2=Richard |author-link2=Richard L. Schmalensee |date=2005 |title=The Economics of Interchange Fees and Their Regulation: An Overview |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/18181/4548-05.pdf|journal=MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4548-05 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.744705}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stearns |first=David L. |date=2011 |title=Electronic Value Exchange: Origins of the VISA Electronic Payment System |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-84996-138-7}}</ref>
=== Digitale rewolusie ===
Die 1960's en 1970's het die begin gemerk van die verskuiwing van analoë na digitale finansies, met verskeie baanbrekende ontwikkelings wat die toekoms van finansiële tegnologie gevorm het.
In 1967 het [[Barclays]] die wêreld se eerste [[outotellermasjien|OTM]] in [[Londen]] bekendgestel, wat toegang tot kontant en basiese bankdienste uitgebrei het. Die OTM, wat deur [[verkoopmasjien]]s geïnspireer is, was 'n beduidende stap in die rigting van selfdiensbankwese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From the archives: the ATM is 50 |url=https://home.barclays/news/2017/06/from-the-archives-the-atm-is-50/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Barclays |date=2017-06-27}}</ref>
Finansiële tegnologie-infrastruktuur het verder ontwikkel met die stigting van die Inter-bank Computer Bureau in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] in 1968. Hierdie ontwikkeling het die grondslag gelê vir die land se eerste geoutomatiseerde [[verrekeningskamer]]stelsel, wat uiteindelik in [[BACS]] (Bankers' Automated Clearing Services) ontwikkel het om elektroniese fondsoordragte tussen banke te fasiliteer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Payment systems in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.bis.org/cpmi/paysys/unitedkingdomcomp.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=BIS}}</ref>
Die wêreld van [[effektehandel]] is in 1971 verander met die stigting van [[NASDAQ]], die wêreld se eerste digitale [[effektebeurs]]. NASDAQ se elektroniese noteringstelsel was 'n beduidende sprong vorentoe vanaf die tradisionele stelsel van [[oop uitroep]] wat op effektebeurse gebruik is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nasdaq: 50 Years of Market Innovation |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/nasdaq%3A-50-years-of-market-innovation-2021-02-11 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nasdaq}}</ref>
Twee jaar later het die stigting van [[SWIFT]] (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings wêreldwyd gestandaardiseer en beveilig. SWIFT se boodskapstelsel het die wêreldwye standaard vir internasionale geld- en effekte-oordragte geword.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=Susan V. |last2=Zachariadis |first2=Markos |date=2012-08-01 |title=Origins and development of SWIFT, 1973–2009 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |journal=Business History Review |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=461–502 |doi=10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |issn=0007-6791|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Die invoering van elektroniese fondsoordragstelsels, soos die [[Automated Clearing House|ACH]] (Automated Clearing House) in die [[Verenigde State]], het vinniger en doeltreffender geldoordragte moontlik gemaak. Die ACH-netwerk het [[direkte deposito]]'s, [[betaalstaat]]betalings en elektroniese rekeningbetalings moontlik gemaak, wat die behoefte aan [[tjek|papiertjeks]] aansienlik verminder het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the ACH Network |url=https://www.nacha.org/content/history-nacha-and-ach-network |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nacha}}</ref>
=== Opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste ===
[[Lêer:Bloomberg Terminal Museum.jpg|duimnael|263px|[[Bloomberg-terminaal]]museum in [[Manhattan]]]]
Die 1980's en 1990's was getuie van beduidende ontwikkelings in finansiële tegnologie, met die opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste en die vroeë stadiums van [[aanlyn bankwese]]. 'n Groot deurbraak het gekom toe [[Michael Bloomberg]] Innovative Market Systems (later [[Bloomberg L.P.]]) gestig en die [[Bloomberg-terminaal]] bekendgestel het. Hierdie innovasie het verander hoe finansiële professionele persone markdata verkry en ontleed het, deur intydse finansiële markdata, ontledings en nuus aan finansiële instellings wêreldwyd te verskaf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloomberg: The Early Years |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/company/stories/bloomberg-the-early-years/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref>
Aanlyn bankwese het in die vroeë 1980's ontstaan, toe die [[Bank of Scotland]] die eerste aanlyn bankdiens in die VK, genaamd Homelink, aangebied het. Hierdie diens het kliënte in staat gestel om state te bekyk, geld oor te plaas en rekenings te betaal met behulp van hul [[televisie]]s en [[telefoon]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Move Fast In Home Banking |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/02/business/british-move-fast-in-home-banking.html |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The New York Times |date=1984-01-02}}</ref>
Die laat 1980's het die ontwikkeling van [[Elektroniese data-uitruiling|EDI]]-standaarde (Electronic Data Interchange) gesien, wat ondernemings in staat gestel het om finansiële dokumente elektronies uit te ruil en [[Besigheid-tot-besigheid|B2B]]-transaksies (besigheid-tot-besigheid) te vereenvoudig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)? |url=https://www.sap.com/products/business-network/supply-chain-collaboration/what-is-edi.html|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SAP}}</ref>
'n Beduidende mylpaal in digitale verbruikersbankwese het in 1994 gekom toe die [[Stanford Federal Credit Union]] die eerste [[internetbankwese]]-webwerf bekendgestel het. Hierdie diens het lede aanvanklik in staat gestel om rekeningsaldo's aanlyn na te gaan, met rekeningbetalingsfunksionaliteit wat in 1997 bygevoeg is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford Federal Credit Union Pioneers Online Financial Services |url=https://app.articleonepartners.com/study/download?file_id=637 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=AOP Connect}}</ref> Dit was egter eers in 1999 dat die eerste staatsgeoktrooieerde, [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation|FDIC]]-versekerde instelling wat hoofsaaklik aanlyn bedryf is, gestig is. First Internet Bank, gestig deur David Becker, het 'n nuwe era in aanlyn-alleen bankwese ingelui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Internet Bank Launches Real-Time Internet Banking Services |url=https://www.firstib.com/about-us/news-resources/press-news/first-internet-bank-launches-real-time-internet-banking-services/|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=First Internet Bank |date=1999-02-22}}</ref>
=== Dot-com-era ===
Die laat 1990's en vroeë 2000's was 'n beduidende keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie, aangesien talle innovasies gedurende die [[dot-com-borrel|dot-com-hoogbloei]] ontstaan het. Een noemenswaardige ontwikkeling was die opkoms van aanlyn handelsplatforms, met [[E-Trade]], wat in 1982 gestig is, aan die voorpunt. In 1992 het E-Trade een van die eerste finansiëledienstemaatskappye geword wat aanlyn handel aan verbruikers aangebied het, wat die manier waarop individue met die [[aandelemark]] omgegaan het, omvorm het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=E*TRADE Financial Corporation History |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/e-trade-morgan-stanley/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes}}</ref>
Nog 'n deurslaggewende oomblik was die stigting van [[PayPal]] in 1998. PayPal se sukses met die skep van 'n veilige en gebruikersvriendelike aanlyn betaalstelsel het die lewensvatbaarheid van digitale betaaloplossings gedemonstreer en die weg gebaan vir talle daaropvolgende finansiële tegnologiebeginondernemings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tripsas |first1=Mary |date=2009 |title=Technology, Identity, and Inertia Through the Lens of "The Digital Photography Company" |journal=Organization Science |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=441–460 |doi=10.1287/orsc.1080.0419 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1270568_code698198.pdf?abstractid=1270568&mirid=1&type=2 }}; {{Cite book |last1=Vartanian |first1=Thomas P. |last2=Ledig |first2=Robert H. |last3=Bruneau |first3=Lynn |date=1998 |title=21st Century Money, Banking & Commerce |publisher=Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP |isbn=978-0-9663317-3-8}}</ref>
Die vroeë 2000's het ook die opkoms van innoverende sakemodelle in die finansiëledienstebedryf gesien. WebBank, wat in 1997 gestig is, het in 2005 begin om 'n "huur-'n-oktrooi"-model (''rent-a-charter'') aan te bied, wat die nodige bankinfrastruktuur en regulatoriese nakoming verskaf het sodat finansiële tegnologiebeginondernemings bankdienste kon aanbied sonder om hul eie oktrooie te bekom. Hierdie model sou later van kardinale belang blyk te wees om die groei van talle finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye moontlik te maak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Rent-a-Charter: Examining New Risks Behind Bank-Fintech Partnerships |url=https://sites.duke.edu/thefinregblog/2020/01/23/the-rise-of-rent-a-charter-examining-new-risks-behind-bank-fintech-partnerships/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The FinReg Blog |publisher=Duke University School of Law |date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
=== Ná die finansiële krisis van 2008 ===
Die [[finansiële krisis van 2008]] het as katalisator vir die vinnige groei van die finansiële tegnologiebedryf gedien, aangesien dalende vertroue in tradisionele finansiële instellings geleenthede vir innoverende, tegnologiegedrewe oplossings geskep het. Die vroeë dae van die na-krisis-era het die opkoms van digitale geldeenhede gesien, met [[e-Gold]] as 'n voorloper van die ontwikkeling van [[Bitcoin]]. Hoewel e-Gold, wat gebruikers toegelaat het om rekenings in gram goud te skep en onmiddellike oordragte moontlik gemaak het, uiteindelik regsuitdagings en sluiting in die gesig gestaar het, het dit die grondslag vir toekomstige digitale geldeenhede gelê.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Bullion and Bandits: The Improbable Rise and Fall of E-Gold|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/06/e-gold/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Wired Magazine |last1=Zetter |first1=Kim }}</ref>
Die uitvinding van Bitcoin in 2008 deur 'n anonieme skepper wat die skuilnaam [[Satoshi Nakamoto]] gebruik het, was 'n keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van digitale geldeenhede en [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]]. Bitcoin se gebruik van [[blokketting]]tegnologie het 'n golf van ontwikkeling op die gebied van [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] ontketen en nuwe moontlikhede vir veilige, deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels geopen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System|url=https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf|author=Nakamoto, Satoshi|date=2008-10-31|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Namate die finansiële tegnologielandskap verder ontwikkel het, het nuwe betalingsverwerkingsmaatskappye die mark betree wat ontwikkelaarsvriendelike [[Toepassingsprogrammeringskoppelvlak|API's]] aangebied het wat aanlyn betalingsintegrasie dramaties vereenvoudig het. Deur die toetredingsdrempels vir [[e-handel]] en aanlyn finansiële dienste te verlaag, het hierdie maatskappye 'n deurslaggewende rol gespeel om die groei van nuwe finansiële tegnologiebeginondernemings moontlik te maak en innovasie in die sektor aan te dryf.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chiu |first1=Iris H-Y |date=2017 |title=A new era in fintech payment innovations? A perspective from the institutions and regulation of payment systems |journal=Law, Innovation and Technology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=190–234 |doi=10.1080/17579961.2017.1377912|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1553175/ }}</ref>
Die vennootbankmodel, wat in die vroeë 2000's ontstaan het, het in die na-krisis-era beduidende momentum gekry. Hierdie model het verder uitgebrei as sy aanvanklike "huur-'n-oktrooi"-konsep en het in meer omvattende vennootskappe tussen tradisionele banke en finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye ontwikkel. Hierdie samewerkings het vinnige innovasie en marktoetrede moontlik gemaak, aangesien finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye die regulatoriese nakoming en infrastruktuur van gevestigde banke benut het terwyl hulle hul eie tegnologiese kundigheid en kliëntgesentreerde benaderings ingebring het. Dit het die groei van die finansiële tegnologiesektor verder versnel en die verspreiding van digitaal-eerste finansiële dienste moontlik gemaak.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Drasch |first1=Benedict J. |last2=Schweizer |first2=André |last3=Urbach |first3=Nils |date=2018 |title=Integrating the 'Troublemakers': A taxonomy for cooperation between banks and fintechs |journal=Journal of Economics and Business |volume=100 |pages=26–42 |doi=10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.04.002|url=https://www.fim-rc.de/Paperbibliothek/Veroeffentlicht/575/wi-575.pdf }}</ref> Die verrypking van hierdie model het die weg gebaan vir die opkoms van [[neobank]]e, wat tradisionele bankparadigmas uitgedaag het deur volkome digitale ervarings aan te bied en kliënteverwagtinge in die banksektor herdefinieer het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Banking as a Service |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/banking-needs-a-new-business-model-heres-a-blueprint-for-the-future |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=McKinsey & Company }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Die toenemende gebruik van [[slimfoon]]s het die ontwikkeling van mobiel-eerste finansiële tegnologie-oplossings aangedryf. Square se bekendstelling van 'n mobiele kaartleser in 2009 het klein ondernemings in staat gestel om [[kredietkaart]]betalings met slimfone te aanvaar, wat toegang tot betalingsverwerking gedemokratiseer het en die transformerende potensiaal van mobiele tegnologie in die finansiëledienstebedryf beklemtoon het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Yufei |last2=Zhu |first2=Huiming |last3=Li |first3=Zhenhua |last4=Jiang |first4=Zhibin |date=2021 |title=Mobile Payment in China: Practice and Its Effects |journal=Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=56–69 |doi=10.24294/jipd.v5i1.1237|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
Die ontwikkeling van mobiele betaalstelsels het voortgeduur met die bekendstelling van [[Google Wallet]] in 2011 en [[Apple Pay]] in 2014, wat mobiele betalings verder gewild gemaak het en die groeiende verbruikersvraag na gerieflike, veilige en gebruikersvriendelike betaaloplossings gedemonstreer het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dahlberg |first1=Tomi |last2=Guo /|first2=Jie |last3=Ondrus |first3=Jan |date=2015 |title=A critical review of mobile payment research |journal=Electronic Commerce Research and Applications |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=265–284 |doi=10.1016/j.elerap.2015.07.006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Reuver |first1=Mark |last2=Ondrus |first2=Jan |last3=Bouwman |first3=Harry |author-link3=Harry Bouwman |date=2015 |title=Mobile payment systems: adoption patterns in different countries |journal=International Journal of Electronic Business |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=328–348 |doi=10.1504/IJEB.2015.071386}}</ref>
Hierdie tydperk het ook die opkoms van eweknie-tot-eweknie- (P2P) [[Patentaansoek|betalingstoepassings]] gesien. Hierdie platforms het die manier waarop individue geld oorplaas, omvorm deur vinnige en maklike transaksies tussen gebruikers moontlik te maak. Deur vinnige, direkte oordragte via mobiele toestelle toe te laat, het P2P-betalingstoepassings die wrywing in persoonlike finansiële transaksies aansienlik verminder en dit eenvoudiger gemaak vir mense om rekenings te verdeel, koste te deel of geld aan vriende en familie te stuur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Story of Venmo |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/03/12/the-story-of-venmo/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes |date=2018-03-12}}</ref>
=== Versnelde groei van digitale finansies ===
Die wêreldwye [[COVID-19-pandemie]], wat vroeg in 2020 begin het, het 'n diepgaande uitwerking op die finansiële tegnologiebedryf gehad, die aanvaarding van digitale finansiële dienste versnel en die belangrikheid van tegnologie in die versekering van die veerkragtigheid en toeganklikheid van finansiële stelsels beklemtoon. Namate inperkings en [[sosiale distansiëring]]smaatreëls ondernemings en verbruikers genoodsaak het om swaarder op digitale kanale staat te maak, het finansiële tegnologie-oplossings 'n toename in aanvraag beleef.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fu |first1=Jonathan |last2=Mishra |first2=Mrinal |date=2020 |title=The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Fintech Adoption |journal=Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper No. 20-38 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3588453|ssrn=3588453 }}</ref>
Mobiel-eerste finansiële tegnologietoepassings het gedurende hierdie tydperk ongekende groei beleef. Baie handelsplatforms het beduidende toenames in nuwe gebruikersrekenings aangemeld, met sommige wat miljoene nuwe befondsde rekenings in die vroeë maande van die pandemie bygevoeg het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robinhood Raises $280 Million in Series F Funding Led by Sequoia |url=https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2020/5/4/robinhood-raises-280-million-in-series-f-funding-led-by-sequoia |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Robinhood Blog |date=2020-05-04}}</ref> Net so het betalings- en geldoordragtoepassings aansienlike gebruikersgroei beleef, met sommige platforms wat hul maandelikse aktiewe gebruikers oor 'n tydperk van drie jaar meer as verdubbel het, wat op 'n massiewe verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste dui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Block Q4 2022 Shareholder Letter |url=https://s29.q4cdn.com/628966176/files/doc_financials/2022/q4/Block_Shareholder-Letter-4Q22.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Block Investor Relations |date=2023-02-23}}</ref>
Die gebeure van 2020 het ook die beperkings van tradisionele finansiële instellings blootgelê om in die behoeftes van verbruikers en ondernemings in tye van krisis te voorsien. Finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye, met hul ratse en tegnologiegedrewe sakemodelle, was beter geposisioneer om te reageer op die uitdagings van die vinnig veranderende omgewing, en het innoverende oplossings vir afstandbankwese, kontaklose betalings en digitale lenings gebied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How COVID-19 has sped up digitalization for the banking sector |url=https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=EY |date=2020-11-17 |archive-date=24 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224005908/https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector }}</ref>
Gedurende hierdie tydperk het [[waagkapitaal]]waardasies vir finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye die hoogte ingeskiet, aangedryf deur lae rentekoerse en 'n bloeiende [[aandelemark]]. Die toename in finansiële tegnologiebeleggings is gekenmerk deur beduidende kapitaalinvloei, wat tot hoër waardasies en meer gereelde uittredings via [[aanvanklike openbare aanbod|AOA's]] en [[Spesiale-doel-verkrygingsmaatskappy|SPAC's]] gelei het. Verskeie prominente finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye het rekordbrekende waardasies behaal, wat die sektor se groei en beleggersvertroue verder onderstreep het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintechs: A New Paradigm of Growth |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/financial%20services/our%20insights/fintechs%20a%20new%20paradigm%20%20of%20growth/fintechs-a-new-paradigm-of-growth.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=McKinsey & Company |date=2021-04-14}}</ref>
Die verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste gedurende hierdie tydperk het ook die aanvaarding van blokkettingtegnologie en kriptogeldeenhede versnel. Namate [[sentrale bank]]e regoor die wêreld die moontlikheid ondersoek het om [[sentralebank-digitale geldeenheid|digitale geldeenhede]] uit te reik, het die belangstelling in [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]] en [[nie-vervangbare token]]s gegroei, wat nuwe weë vir innovasie in die finansiële tegnologiesektor geopen het.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=DeFi's Promise and Pitfalls |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666764923000280 |access-date=2024-07-20 |journal=FinTech |volume=3 |issue=2 |article-number=100028 |date=2023-04-01 |doi=10.1016/j.fin.2023.100028 |last=Schar |first=Fabian|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
=== Afrika ===
Die finansiële tegnologielandskap in Afrika is aan die groei, met aktiewe maatskappye wat 1 263 in 2024 bereik het, 'n beduidende toename vanaf 1 049 in 2022 en 450 in 2020.<ref name="unlock">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20240033-finance-in-africa |title=Finance in Africa: Unlocking Investment in an Era of Digital Transformation and Climate Transition |date=2024-11-07 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5767-7}}</ref> Nigerië lei die finansiële tegnologiesektor en verteenwoordig 28% van alle finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye op die vasteland, en huisves agt van Afrika se nege fintegeenhorings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Remains Africa's Fintech Powerhouse |url=https://furtherafrica.com/2025/08/25/nigeria-remains-africas-fintech-powerhouse/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Further Africa |date=2025-08-25}}</ref>
Teen vroeg 2025 was Nigerië die tuiste van meer as 430 fintegmaatskappye, 'n toename van 70% jaar-op-jaar, met finteg wat 72% van die land se totale aandelebefondsing verteenwoordig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria's Fintech Sector Surges 70% Despite Challenges |url=https://fintechnews.africa/44869/fintech-nigeria/nigerias-fintech-sector-surges-70-despite-challenges/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News Africa |date=2025-03-13}}</ref> Afrikaanse fintegbeginondernemings het in 2025 gesamentlik meer as VS$3 miljard aan bekendgemaakte befondsing ingesamel, 'n toename van 33% jaar-op-jaar, terwyl die sektor van vinnige skaalvergroting na volhoubare groei en winsgewendheid verskuif het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Fintechs Projected to Grow Profitably in 2026 |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202601080119.html |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=AllAfrica |date=2026-01-08}}</ref>
=== Midde-Ooste ===
Die [[Verenigde Arabiese Emirate]] het na vore getree as die voorste fintegsentrum in die streek van die [[Midde-Ooste en Noord-Afrika]] (MENA). Die VAE huisves ongeveer 'n kwart van alle fintegmaatskappye in die MENA-streek, ondersteun deur twee finansiële vryhandelsones met onafhanklike regulatoriese raamwerke: die [[Dubai International Financial Centre]] (DIFC), gereguleer deur die [[Dubai Financial Services Authority]] (DFSA), en die [[Abu Dhabi Global Market]] (ADGM), gereguleer deur die Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintech 2025 – UAE|url=https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/fintech-2025/uae/trends-and-developments |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Chambers and Partners |date=2025}}</ref> Teen 2025 het die DIFC gegroei tot meer as 1 500 finteg-, kunsmatige intelligensie- en innovasiefirmas, wat negende geplaas het onder wêreldwye fintegsentrums volgens die Global Financial Centres Index, en eerste in die Midde-Ooste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 in Review: AI, Tokenization, Islamic Finance Dominate UAE Fintech Landscape |url=https://fintechnews.ae/29466/abudhabi/2025-in-review-ai-tokenization-islamic-finance-dominate-uae-fintech-landscape/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News UAE |date=2025-12-22}}</ref>
[[Israel]] huisves 'n gevestigde fintegsektor.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Anders as die VAE se vryhandelsone-model, het Israel 'n statutêre regulatoriese sandput-model nagestreef, wat deur 'n interministeriële span voorgestel is en in die 2021-wetsontwerp vir die Aanmoediging van Tegnologiese Ontwikkeling op die Finansiële Gebied uiteengesit is.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Die voorgestelde raamwerk, wat vanaf 2025 steeds op die wetsontwerpstadium bly, word geadministreer deur 'n komitee van die land se vernaamste finansiële reguleerders (die [[Ministerie van Finansies (Israel)|Ministerie van Finansies]], die [[Bank van Israel]], die Kapitaalmark-, Versekerings- en Spaargesag, die Israelse Effektegesag, en die owerheid vir die bekamping van geldwassery), wat bedoel is om as 'n gekoördineerde toegangspunt vir deelnemende firmas te dien.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cahane |first1=Amir |last2=Sierra |first2=Michael |date=Januarie 2025|title=Nascent regulatory sandbox frameworks for AI in Israel |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/nascent-regulatory-sandbox-frameworks-for-ai-in-israel/C9E5B9630A678D809BDA109AE018881A |journal=Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance |language=en |volume=1 |article-number=e40 |doi=10.1017/cfl.2025.10032 |issn=3033-3733}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Plato-Shinar |first=Ruth |date=2021 |title=Thinking Outside the Box: The New Regulatory Sandbox Regime in Israel |journal=Banking & Finance L. Rev. |volume=36 |issue=3 |ssrn=3829880 }}</ref>
== 2020's ==
Die 2020's het 'n nuwe fase in finansiële tegnologie ingelui, gekenmerk deur die hoofstroomaanvaarding van kunsmatige intelligensie regoor finansiële dienste. Vanaf 2023 is generatiewe KI-hulpmiddels deur banke, betalingsverwerkers en beleggingsplatforms aangeneem om kliëntediens, kredietbesluitneming, bedrogopsporing en portefeuljebestuur te outomatiseer.
Die vinnige integrasie van KI in finansiële infrastruktuur het ook regulatoriese aandag getrek. In Mei 2026 het die [[Internasionale Monetêre Fonds]] gewaarsku dat KI-aangedrewe kuberaanvalle sistemiese risiko's vir wêreldwye finansiële stabiliteit inhou, en opgemerk dat gevorderde modelle die tyd en koste wat nodig is om kwesbaarhede regoor onderling gekoppelde bankstelsels te identifiseer en uit te buit, dramaties kan verminder, terwyl uiterste kubervoorvalle finansieringsdruk kan veroorsaak en breër markte kan ontwrig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Risks Mount as Artificial Intelligence Fuels Cyberattacks|url=https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2026/05/07/financial-stability-risks-mount-as-artificial-intelligence-fuels-cyberattacks|website=International Monetary Fund|date=2026-05-07|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die [[Federale Reserwe]] se Finansiële Stabiliteitsverslag van die lente van 2026 het bevind dat 50% van markkontakte KI as 'n potensiële sistemiese skok vir finansiële markte geïdentifiseer het, teenoor 9% die vorige jaar, wat 'n meer as vyfvoudige toename in waargenome KI-verwante sistemiese risiko oor twaalf maande verteenwoordig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Report, May 2026|url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/financial-stability-report20260508.pdf|website=Federal Reserve|date=2026-05-08|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die dekade het ook beduidende finteguitbreiding in ontluikende markte gesien. In Afrika het aktiewe fintegmaatskappye 1 263 in 2024 bereik, teenoor 450 in 2020, met Nigerië wat 28% van alle maatskappye op die vasteland verteenwoordig. In die [[Golfsamewerkingsraad|GSR]] het regulatoriese sandputte wat deur die [[Dubai Financial Services Authority]] en [[Abu Dhabi Global Market]] gevestig is, finteglisensiëring versnel en 'n nuwe generasie digitale beleggingsplatforms in staat gestel om kleinhandelbeleggers regoor die streek te bereik.
== Bedryfslandskap ==
Die finansiële tegnologiebedryf sluit 'n uiteenlopende reeks finansiële dienste en tegnologieë in wat in verskeie kernareas gekategoriseer kan word. Baie maatskappye is oor meerdere areas heen aktief of skep nuwe nisse wat hierdie onderskeide vervaag.
{| class="wikitable"
! Kategorie
! Besonderhede
|-
| Bankwese en persoonlike finansies
| Digitale bankplatforms en neobanke wat gebruikersvriendelike koppelvlakke, uitgawesnasporing, finansiële beplanning en geïntegreerde persoonlike finansiële bestuurshulpmiddels bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hornuf|first1=Lars|last2=Klus|first2=Milan F.|last3=Lohwasser|first3=Todor S.|last4=Schwienbacher|first4=Armin|title=How do banks interact with fintech startups?|journal=Small Business Economics|year=2021|volume=57|issue=3|pages=1505–1526|doi=10.1007/s11187-020-00359-3|doi-access=free|hdl=10419/289149|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Betalings, fakture, oorbetalings en transaksies
| Digitale betaaloplossings, faktuurstelsels, eweknie-tot-eweknie-oordragte, internasionale oorbetalings, betaalstaatdienste, invorderings, en korporatiewe kaart- en uitgawebestuurstelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gomber|first1=Peter|last2=Koch|first2=Jascha-Alexander|last3=Siering|first3=Michael|title=Digital Finance and FinTech: Current research and future research directions|journal=Journal of Business Economics|year=2017|volume=87|issue=5|pages=537–580|doi=10.1007/s11573-017-0852-x}}</ref>
|-
| Lenings en krediet
| Eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms, [[Koop nou, betaal later|BNPL]], aanlyn persoonlike lenings en finansiering vir klein ondernemings, wat dikwels alternatiewe data en masjienleer vir kredietbeoordeling gebruik.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jagtiani|first1=Julapa|last2=Lemieux|first2=Catharine|title=The roles of alternative data and machine learning in fintech lending: Evidence from the LendingClub consumer platform|journal=Financial Management|year=2019|volume=48|issue=4|pages=1009–1029|doi=10.1111/fima.12295}}</ref>
|-
| Belegging en vermoënsbestuur
| Robo-adviseurs (vermoënsbestuursdienste wat algoritmes gebruik vir outomatiese beleggingsadvies en digitale portefeuljebestuur<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=Dominik|last2=Dorner|first2=Verena|last3=Weinhardt|first3=Christof|last4=Pusmaz|first4=Hakan|title=Designing a robo-advisor for risk-averse, low-budget consumers|journal=Electronic Markets|year=2018|volume=28|issue=3|pages=367–380|doi=10.1007/s12525-017-0279-9}}</ref>), aanlyn makelaars en [[Doen-dit-self-belegging|selfgerigte beleggingsplatforms]].
|-
| Kapitaalmarkte en batebestuur
| Algoritmiese handelsplatforms, markdata-ontleding en portefeulje-optimaliseringshulpmiddels vir institusionele handel en batebestuur.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kirilenko|first1=Andrei A.|last2=Lo|first2=Andrew W.|title=Moore's Law versus Murphy's Law: Algorithmic Trading and Its Discontents|journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives|year=2013|volume=27|issue=2|pages=51–72|doi=10.1257/jep.27.2.51|doi-access=free |hdl=1721.1/87768|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Insurtech en proptech
| Tegnologietoepassings in versekering en eiendom, wat gepersonaliseerde polisse, vaartbelynde eisprosesse en innoverende eiendomsbestuursoplossings bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Eling|first1=Martin|last2=Lehmann|first2=Martin|title=The impact of digitalization on the insurance value chain and the insurability of risks|journal=The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice|year=2018|volume=43|issue=3|pages=359–396|doi=10.1057/s41288-017-0073-0}}</ref>
|-
| [[Blokketting]], [[Kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] en [[Gedesentraliseerde finansies|DeFi]]
| Blokketting-gebaseerde tegnologieë wat kriptogeldeenhede en platforms vir gedesentraliseerde finansies (DeFi) moontlik maak vir meer deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Yan|last2=Bellavitis|first2=Cristiano|title=Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models|journal=Journal of Business Venturing Insights|year=2020|volume=13|article-number=e00151|doi=10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00151}}</ref>
|-
| Regtech, nakoming en sekuriteit
| Regulatoriese tegnologie-oplossings vir monitering, verslagdoening, nakoming, bedrogopsporing en kuberveiligheid in die finansiële sektor.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Arner|first1=Douglas W.|last2=Barberis|first2=Jànos|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley|title=FinTech, RegTech, and the reconceptualization of financial regulation|journal=Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business|year=2016|volume=37|issue=3|pages=371–413|url=https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njilb/vol37/iss3/2/}}</ref>
|-
| Infrastruktuur
| [[Kernbankwese|Kernbankstelsels]], finansiële data-samevoegingsdienste, oopbankwese-API's, Bankwese-as-'n-Diens- (BaaS) platforms, en gevorderde data-ontledingshulpmiddels wat die hele finansiële tegnologie-ekosisteem ondersteun.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Omarini|first1=Anna|title=Banks and Fintechs: How to Develop a Digital Open Banking Approach for the Bank's Future|journal=International Business Research|year=2018|volume=11|issue=9|pages=23–36|doi=10.5539/ibr.v11n9p23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zetzsche|first1=Dirk A.|last2=Arner|first2=Douglas W.|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P.|last4=Weber|first4=Rolf H.|title=The Future of Data-Driven Finance and RegTech: Lessons from EU Big Bang II|journal=Stanford Journal of Law, Business & Finance|year=2019|volume=25|issue=2|pages=245–288|ssrn=3359399 }}</ref>
|}
== Inkomstemodelle ==
Finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye gebruik verskeie inkomstemodelle en kombineer dikwels meerdere benaderings om inkomstestrome te diversifiseer.
Transaksiefooie vorm 'n primêre inkomstebron vir baie finansiële tegnologie-ondernemings, veral betalingsverwerkers en kriptogeldeenheidbeurse. Hierdie maatskappye hef tipies 'n persentasie van elke verwerkte transaksie. Sommige maatskappye het hierdie model uitgebrei om premiefooie vir dienste soos onmiddellike uitbetalings in te sluit, wat handelaars bedien wat onmiddellike toegang tot fondse benodig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement |url=https://s201.q4cdn.com/231198771/files/doc_financials/2024/ar/PayPal-Holdings-Inc-Combined-2024-Proxy-Statement-and-2023-Annual-Report.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Paypal Investor Report }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coinbase Shareholder Letter First Quarter 2024 |url=https://s27.q4cdn.com/397450999/files/doc_financials/2024/05/Shareholder-Letter-Q1-2024.pdf|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Coinbase Investor Report}}</ref> [[Uitruilfooi]]e verteenwoordig nog 'n beduidende inkomstestroom, veral vir firmas wat betaalkaarte aanbied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merchant Indifference Test Application |url=https://www.bundesbank.de/resource/blob/634960/f74645a59a2ada2d858a3c91ee2508df/mL/2014-09-16-merchant-indifference-test-application-data.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=bundesbank}}</ref>
[[Lêer:Gao-report-on-interchange.gif|duimnael|regs|250px|GAO-verslagbeeld wat uitruilfooie verduidelik]]
Intekening- en [[freemium]]-modelle stel maatskappye in staat om basiese dienste gratis aan te bied terwyl hulle vir gevorderde kenmerke of premievlakke hef.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolut 2023 Annual Report |url=https://cdn.revolut.com/pdf/annualreport2023.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Revolut}}</ref> Hierdie benadering is algemeen onder digitale banke en finansiële bestuursplatforms. In die besigheid-tot-besigheid- (B2B) sektor is gebruiksgebaseerde prysbepaling algemeen, veral vir API-dienste. Verskaffers van finansiële tegnologie-infrastruktuur hef dikwels op grond van die volume API-oproepe of transaksies wat verwerk word, wat ander ondernemings in staat stel om toegang tot gespesialiseerde finansiële dienste te verkry sonder om dit intern te ontwikkel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revenue Opportunities Created By Open APIs |url=https://www.fisglobal.com/-/media/fisglobal/files/pdf/white-paper/realizing-revenue-opportunities-with-open-apis.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=fisglobal}}</ref>
Rentegebaseerde inkomste is van kardinale belang vir baie finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye, veral in die bank- en leningsektore. Digitale banke en beleggingsplatforms verdien tipies rente op kliëntedeposito's en kontantsaldo's. Leningsplatforms kombineer dikwels rente-inkomste met leningsverkope, deur gedeeltes van hul leningsportefeuljes aan ander instellings of beleggers te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LendingClub Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Results |url=https://ir.lendingclub.com/news/news-details/2023/LendingClub-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2022-Results/default.aspx |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=LendingClub Investor Relations |date=2023-01-25}}</ref>
Datagedrewe inkomstemodelle, hoewel potensieel winsgewend, het toenemende ondersoek en regulering in die gesig gestaar. Sommige firmas is by datamonetisering betrokke deur saamgevoegde of geanonimiseerde gebruikersdata aan derde partye te verkoop. Hierdie praktyk het egter privaatheidskwessies en regulatoriese uitdagings laat ontstaan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawmakers Call for Investigation of Fintech Company Yodlee's Data Selling |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lawmakers-call-for-investigation-of-fintech-firm-yodlees-data-selling-11579269600 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=WSJ |date=2020-01-17}}</ref> 'n Minder omstrede benadering behels die benutting van gebruikersdata vir geteikende advertensies en loodgenerering, waar inkomste deur produkaanbevelings en verwysingsfooie verdien word terwyl gratis dienste aan gebruikers verskaf word.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intuit Investor Dat 2023 |url=https://investors.intuit.com/_assets/_85ab9fac85f2c84ae8711d96ca5b2870/intuit/db/923/9393/pdf/Intuit-Investor-Day-2023_E2E-PRINT-Deck_092723-1.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Intuit}}</ref>
Sommige inkomstemodelle, soos betaling vir bestellingsvloei (PFOF) wat deur sekere makelaarsfirmas gebruik word, beweeg in 'n regulatoriese grys gebied. Hoewel PFOF kommissievrye transaksies moontlik maak, wat moontlik kleinhandelbeleggers bevoordeel, is dit onder die soeklig weens kommer oor belangebotsings en beste-uitvoeringspraktyke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEC Charges Robinhood Financial With Misleading Customers About Revenue Sources and Failing to Satisfy Duty of Best Execution |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-321 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SEC.gov |date=2020-12-17}}</ref>
== Infrastruktuur ==
Moderne finansiële tegnologie berus op 'n gedeelde laag van tegniese infrastruktuur wat toepassings, banke en [[Derdeparty|derdepartyverskaffers]] in staat stel om data veilig uit te ruil en transaksies te inisieer. Sentraal tot hierdie infrastruktuur is gestandaardiseerde toepassingsprogrammeringskoppelvlakke (API's), wat sagtewarestelsels toelaat om met mekaar te kommunikeer sonder om die onderliggende kode of data direk bloot te stel. Die sekuriteit van hierdie integrasies word bepaal deur protokolle soos [[OAuth 2.0]] en [[OpenID]] Connect, en in finansiële dienste spesifiek deur die Financial-grade API- (FAPI) standaard — 'n sekuriteitsprofiel wat deur die OpenID Foundation ontwikkel is en wat definieer hoe API's wat sensitiewe finansiële data hanteer, kliënte moet verifieer, toestemming moet bestuur en die onweerlegbaarheid van transaksies moet verseker.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAPI Working Group |url=https://openid.net/wg/fapi/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=OpenID Foundation}}</ref>
[[Oopbankwese]] verteenwoordig die mees beduidende regulatoriese formalisering van hierdie API-infrastruktuur tot op hede. Onder oopbankwese-raamwerke word banke verplig om kliënterekeningdata en betalingsdienste via gestandaardiseerde API's aan gemagtigde derde partye beskikbaar te stel, onderhewig aan uitdruklike kliëntetoestemming. Die model is eerste op groot skaal verplig deur die [[Europese Unie]] se hersiene Betalingsdiensterigtlyn ([[Betalingsdiensterigtlyn|PSD2]]) in 2018 en die VK se [[Open Banking Standard]], wat ná 'n uitspraak van die Competition and Markets Authority in 2016 gevestig is.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025 |title=OBL Impact Report 7 |url=https://www.openbanking.org.uk/insights/obl-impact-report-7-open-banking-delivers-real-world-impact-as-adoption-accelerates-year-on-year/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Open Banking Limited}}</ref> Vergelykbare raamwerke is sedertdien wêreldwyd aangeneem, insluitend die Financial Data Exchange- (FDX) standaard in die Verenigde State en die Consumer Data Right (CDR) in Australië, hoewel hierdie verskil ten opsigte van terminologie, tegniese standaarde en implementeringsmodel.<ref>{{cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=The Anatomy of a Thriving Open Banking Ecosystem |url=https://ozoneapi.com/blog/the-anatomy-of-a-thriving-open-banking-ecosystem/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Ozone API}}</ref> Teen 2024 is die wêreldwye oopbankwesemark op ongeveer $31,6 miljard gewaardeer en dit sal na verwagting teen 2030 $135 miljard bereik.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Banking Market Size & Share |url=https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/open-banking-systems-market |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Grand View Research}}</ref>
== Kontroversies ==
Namate finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye poog om tradisionele [[finansiële dienste]] te ontwrig, is sommige gekritiseer omdat hulle groei bo [[regulatoriese nakoming|nakoming]], sekuriteit en [[verbruikersbeskerming]] gestel het.
In 'n noemenswaardige kontroversie het die [[kriptogeldeenheidbeurs]] [[FTX]] in November 2022 ineengestort te midde van beskuldigings van misleidende praktyke, onbehoorlike hantering van kliëntebates en onvoldoende risikobeheer.<ref>{{cite news|first=MacKenzie|last=Sigalos|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/15/how-sam-bankman-frieds-ftx-alameda-empire-vanished-overnight.html|title=How Sam Bankman-Fried's crypto empire vanished overnight|date=2022-11-11|work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref>
[[Sam Bankman-Fried]], FTX se stigter en uitvoerende hoof, is later skuldig bevind aan bedrog per elektroniese kommunikasie (''wire fraud''), [[sameswering]] en [[geldwassery]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=David|last1=Yaffe-Bellany|first2=Matthew|last2=Goldstein|first3=J. Edward|last3=Moreno|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|title=Sam Bankman-Fried Is Found Guilty of 7 Counts of Fraud and Conspiracy|date=2022-12-13|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202030700/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|archive-date=2023-12-02}}</ref>
== Verwysings en aantekeninge ==
{{Reflist|35em}}
== Verdere leesstof ==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Teigland |editor1-first=R. |editor2-last=Siri |editor2-first=S.
|editor3-last=Larsson |editor3-first=A. |editor4-last=Puertas |editor4-first=A. M. |editor5-last=Bogusz |editor5-first=C. I. |title=The Rise and Development of FinTech (Open Access): Accounts of Disruption from Sweden and Beyond |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-8153-7850-1 |ref=none}}
* {{cite journal |first=Johannes |last=Treu |title=The Fintech Sensation – What is it about? |journal=Journal of International Business and Management |volume=5 |issue=1 |year=2022 |pages=1–19 |url=https://rpajournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/JIBM-2021-11-2094.pdf |access-date=2023-02-23|doi=10.37227/JIBM-2021-11-2094|issn=2616-5163|ref=none}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Finansiële dienste]]
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2026-08-21T12:43:20Z
Pynappel
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{{Kort beskrywing|Deelversameling van tegnologieë wat in finansies gebruik word}}
[[Lêer:Luchtfoto van Lower Manhattan.jpg|duimnael|263px|[[New York-stad]], die wêreld se vernaamste finteg- en [[finansiële sentrum]]<ref name=NewYorkFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld>{{cite web |url = https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-37-explore-the-data/gfci-37-rank/|title = The Global Financial Centres Index 37|publisher = Long Finance|access-date = 2 Junie 2025}}</ref>]]
'''Finansiële tegnologie''' (afgekort as '''finteg'''<ref name="Netwerk24, g.d.">{{Cite web| last = Delport| first = Dennis| title = ANC dien strafregtelike klagte teen DA se Burke in| work = [[Netwerk24]] | access-date = 2026-08-21| url = https://www.netwerk24.com/nuus/politiek/anc-dien-strafregtelike-klagte-teen-da-se-burke-in-20260821-0510}}</ref>) verwys na die toepassing van nuwe tegnologieë op produkte en dienste in die [[finansiële bedryf]]. Hierdie breë term omvat 'n wye verskeidenheid tegnologiese hulpmiddels in finansiële dienste, insluitend [[mobiele bankdienste]], aanlyn leningsplatforms, digitale betaalstelsels, [[robo-adviseur]]s en [[blokketting]]-gebaseerde toepassings soos [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schindler |first=John W. |date=2017 |title=FinTech and Financial Innovation: Drivers and Depth |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2017081pap.pdf |journal=Finance and Economics Discussion Series |volume=2017 |issue=81 |doi=10.17016/FEDS.2017.081 |issn=1936-2854}}</ref> Finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye sluit sowel [[beginonderneming]]s as gevestigde tegnologie- en finansiële firmas in wat daarop gemik is om tradisionele finansiële dienste te verbeter, aan te vul of te vervang.
== Ontwikkeling ==
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie strek oor meer as 'n eeu en word gekenmerk deur beduidende tegnologiese innovasies wat die finansiële bedryf hervorm het. Hoewel die toepassing van tegnologie op finansies diep historiese wortels het, het die term "finansiële tegnologie" in die laat 20ste eeu ontstaan en in die 1990's bekendheid verwerf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967">{{Cite news |title=Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/434041835/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |work=The Boston Globe |date=1967-08-27 |page=116}}</ref>
Die vroegste gedokumenteerde gebruik van die term dateer terug na 1967, toe dit in 'n artikel in ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' met die titel "Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money" verskyn het. Hierdie berig het gehandel oor 'n beginbeleggingsmaatskappy wat deur voormalige uitvoerende beamptes van die [[Computer Control Company]] gestig is, met die doel om waagkapitaal en bedryfskundigheid aan beginondernemings in die finansiële tegnologiebedryf te verskaf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967" />
Die term het egter eers in die vroeë 1990's gewild geword toe Citicorp se voorsitter John Reed dit gebruik het om die Financial Services Technology Consortium te beskryf. Hierdie projek, wat deur [[Citigroup]] geïnisieer is, is ontwerp om tegnologiese samewerking in die finansiële sektor te bevorder en was 'n keerpunt in die bedryf se gesamentlike benadering tot innovasie.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal">{{Cite journal |last1=Arner |first1=Douglas W. |last2=Barberis |first2=Jànos |last3=Buckley |first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley |date=2016 |title=The Evolution of Fintech: A New Post-Crisis Paradigm? |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Law |volume=47 |pages=1271–1319 |ssrn=2676553 |issn=1550-5200 }}</ref>
Die finansiële tegnologie-ekosisteem sluit verskeie soorte maatskappye in. Hoewel beginondernemings wat nuwe finansiële tegnologieë of dienste ontwikkel dikwels met finansiële tegnologie geassosieer word, omvat die sektor ook gevestigde tegnologiemaatskappye wat na finansiële dienste uitbrei, sowel as tradisionele [[finansiële instelling]]s wat nuwe tegnologieë aanneem. Hierdie uiteenlopende landskap het tot innovasies in verskeie finansiële sektore gelei, insluitend [[bankwese]], [[versekering]], [[belegging]] en [[betaalstelsel]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=In|last2=Shin|first2=Yong Jae|title=Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges|journal=Business Horizons|year=2018|volume=61|issue=1|pages=35–46|doi=10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003}}</ref>
Finansiële tegnologietoepassings strek oor 'n wye verskeidenheid finansiële dienste. Dit sluit [[digitale bankwese]], [[mobiele betaling]]s en [[digitale beursie]]s, [[eweknie-tot-eweknie-lening|eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms]], [[robo-adviseur]]s en [[algoritmiese handel]], [[insurtech]], [[blokketting]] en [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]], [[regulatoriese tegnologie]] en [[skarefinansiering|skarefinansieringsplatforms]] in.
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie behels dikwels die oorvleueling van telekommunikasie-ingenieurswese met finansies. Byvoorbeeld, vroeë eksperimentering met [[Nabyveldkommunikasie|NFC]]-betalingstandaarde in die 2010's het sommige ontwikkelaars daartoe gelei om verspreide grootboeke as 'n agterkant vir skaalbare mobiele betalings te verken, in 'n poging om die deurset-beperkings van tradisionele bankinfrastruktuur op te los sonder om op gesentraliseerde tussengangers staat te maak.<ref>{{cite news |last=Olson |first=Parmy |title=This Hermetic Engineer Is Plotting The Death Of Blockchain |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2019/01/09/this-hermetic-engineer-is-plotting-the-death-of-blockchain/ |newspaper=Forbes |date=9 Januarie 2019 |access-date=28 Desember 2025}}</ref>
=== Uitwerking op finansiële insluiting ===
Daar is toenemende empiriese bewyse dat finteginnovasies, veral digitale betaalstelsels, [[mobiele geld]] en aanlyn finansiële platforms, beduidend tot finansiële insluiting bydra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why financial inclusion is the key to a thriving economy |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208214438/https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-date=2025-12-08 |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Fintech Impacts Financial Inclusion |url=https://www.phoenix.edu/articles/finance/fintech-impact-on-financial-inclusion.html |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=University of Phoenix |language=en}}</ref> 'n Sistematiese oorsig van 2025 het bevind dat sulke tegnologieë toegang tot finansiële dienste in ontwikkelende en onderbediende gemeenskappe verbeter deur hindernisse tot bankwese te verminder en veilige, bekostigbare transaksies moontlik te maak.<ref>{{cite journal
|last1=Shahen
|first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud
|last2=Sharaf
|first2=Mesbah Fathy
|title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review
|journal=FinTech
|volume=4
|issue=4
|year=2025
|pages=59
|doi=10.3390/fintech4040059
|doi-access=free
}}</ref>
Ten spyte van die algeheel positiewe uitwerking op finansiële insluiting, kan digitale finansiële dienste mense uitsluit wat beperkte internettoegang, lae digitale of finansiële geletterdheid, of minder vertroue in die gebruik van aanlyn dienste het. Dit wek ook verbruikersbeskermingskwessies rondom bedrog, [[kuberveiligheid]] en dataprivaatheid.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-07 |title=Supporting informed and safe use of digital payments through digital financial literacy: Full Report |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/supporting-informed-and-safe-use-of-digital-payments-through-digital-financial-literacy_21de47d1-en/full-report.html |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=OECD |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial Inclusion {{!}} World Bank Group |url=https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/topic/financial-sector/financial-inclusion |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref>
== Geskiedenis ==
=== Grondslae ===
Die laat 19de eeu het die grondslag gelê vir vroeë finansiële tegnologie met die ontwikkeling van die [[telegraaf]] en [[Transatlantiese telegraafkabel|transatlantiese kabelstelsels]]. Hierdie innovasies het die oordrag van finansiële inligting oor grense heen verander en vinniger en doeltreffender kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings moontlik gemaak.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal" />
'n Belangrike mylpaal in elektroniese geldbeweging het gekom met die stigting van die [[Fedwire]] Funds Service deur die [[Federale Reserwebank]]e in 1918. Hierdie vroeë elektroniese fondsoordragstelsel het [[telegraaf]]lyne gebruik om veilige oordragte tussen lidbanke te fasiliteer, en was een van die eerste gevalle van elektroniese geldbeweging.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gilbert |first1=Adam M. |last2=Hunt |first2=Dara |last3=Winch |first3=Kenneth C. |title=Creating an Integrated Payment System: The Evolution of Fedwire |url=https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/epr/97v03n2/9707gilb.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=newyorkfed.org |date=1997}}</ref>
Die 1950's het 'n nuwe era van verbruikersfinansiële dienste ingelui. [[Diners Club International]] het in 1950 die eerste universele [[kredietkaart]] bekendgestel, 'n keerpunt wat verbruikersbesteding en krediet sou hervorm. Hierdie innovasie het die weg gebaan vir die bekendstelling van [[American Express]]-kaarte in 1958 en die BankAmericard (later Visa) in 1959, wat die kredietkaartbedryf verder uitgebrei het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=David S. |last2=Schmalensee |first2=Richard |author-link2=Richard L. Schmalensee |date=2005 |title=The Economics of Interchange Fees and Their Regulation: An Overview |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/18181/4548-05.pdf|journal=MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4548-05 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.744705}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stearns |first=David L. |date=2011 |title=Electronic Value Exchange: Origins of the VISA Electronic Payment System |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-84996-138-7}}</ref>
=== Digitale rewolusie ===
Die 1960's en 1970's het die begin gemerk van die verskuiwing van analoë na digitale finansies, met verskeie baanbrekende ontwikkelings wat die toekoms van finansiële tegnologie gevorm het.
In 1967 het [[Barclays]] die wêreld se eerste [[outotellermasjien|OTM]] in [[Londen]] bekendgestel, wat toegang tot kontant en basiese bankdienste uitgebrei het. Die OTM, wat deur [[verkoopmasjien]]s geïnspireer is, was 'n beduidende stap in die rigting van selfdiensbankwese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From the archives: the ATM is 50 |url=https://home.barclays/news/2017/06/from-the-archives-the-atm-is-50/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Barclays |date=2017-06-27}}</ref>
Finansiële tegnologie-infrastruktuur het verder ontwikkel met die stigting van die Inter-bank Computer Bureau in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] in 1968. Hierdie ontwikkeling het die grondslag gelê vir die land se eerste geoutomatiseerde [[verrekeningskamer]]stelsel, wat uiteindelik in [[BACS]] (Bankers' Automated Clearing Services) ontwikkel het om elektroniese fondsoordragte tussen banke te fasiliteer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Payment systems in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.bis.org/cpmi/paysys/unitedkingdomcomp.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=BIS}}</ref>
Die wêreld van [[effektehandel]] is in 1971 verander met die stigting van [[NASDAQ]], die wêreld se eerste digitale [[effektebeurs]]. NASDAQ se elektroniese noteringstelsel was 'n beduidende sprong vorentoe vanaf die tradisionele stelsel van [[oop uitroep]] wat op effektebeurse gebruik is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nasdaq: 50 Years of Market Innovation |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/nasdaq%3A-50-years-of-market-innovation-2021-02-11 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nasdaq}}</ref>
Twee jaar later het die stigting van [[SWIFT]] (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings wêreldwyd gestandaardiseer en beveilig. SWIFT se boodskapstelsel het die wêreldwye standaard vir internasionale geld- en effekte-oordragte geword.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=Susan V. |last2=Zachariadis |first2=Markos |date=2012-08-01 |title=Origins and development of SWIFT, 1973–2009 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |journal=Business History Review |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=461–502 |doi=10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |issn=0007-6791|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Die invoering van elektroniese fondsoordragstelsels, soos die [[Automated Clearing House|ACH]] (Automated Clearing House) in die [[Verenigde State]], het vinniger en doeltreffender geldoordragte moontlik gemaak. Die ACH-netwerk het [[direkte deposito]]'s, [[betaalstaat]]betalings en elektroniese rekeningbetalings moontlik gemaak, wat die behoefte aan [[tjek|papiertjeks]] aansienlik verminder het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the ACH Network |url=https://www.nacha.org/content/history-nacha-and-ach-network |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nacha}}</ref>
=== Opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste ===
[[Lêer:Bloomberg Terminal Museum.jpg|duimnael|263px|[[Bloomberg-terminaal]]museum in [[Manhattan]]]]
Die 1980's en 1990's was getuie van beduidende ontwikkelings in finansiële tegnologie, met die opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste en die vroeë stadiums van [[aanlyn bankwese]]. 'n Groot deurbraak het gekom toe [[Michael Bloomberg]] Innovative Market Systems (later [[Bloomberg L.P.]]) gestig en die [[Bloomberg-terminaal]] bekendgestel het. Hierdie innovasie het verander hoe finansiële professionele persone markdata verkry en ontleed het, deur intydse finansiële markdata, ontledings en nuus aan finansiële instellings wêreldwyd te verskaf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloomberg: The Early Years |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/company/stories/bloomberg-the-early-years/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref>
Aanlyn bankwese het in die vroeë 1980's ontstaan, toe die [[Bank of Scotland]] die eerste aanlyn bankdiens in die VK, genaamd Homelink, aangebied het. Hierdie diens het kliënte in staat gestel om state te bekyk, geld oor te plaas en rekenings te betaal met behulp van hul [[televisie]]s en [[telefoon]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Move Fast In Home Banking |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/02/business/british-move-fast-in-home-banking.html |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The New York Times |date=1984-01-02}}</ref>
Die laat 1980's het die ontwikkeling van [[Elektroniese data-uitruiling|EDI]]-standaarde (Electronic Data Interchange) gesien, wat ondernemings in staat gestel het om finansiële dokumente elektronies uit te ruil en [[Besigheid-tot-besigheid|B2B]]-transaksies (besigheid-tot-besigheid) te vereenvoudig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)? |url=https://www.sap.com/products/business-network/supply-chain-collaboration/what-is-edi.html|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SAP}}</ref>
'n Beduidende mylpaal in digitale verbruikersbankwese het in 1994 gekom toe die [[Stanford Federal Credit Union]] die eerste [[internetbankwese]]-webwerf bekendgestel het. Hierdie diens het lede aanvanklik in staat gestel om rekeningsaldo's aanlyn na te gaan, met rekeningbetalingsfunksionaliteit wat in 1997 bygevoeg is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford Federal Credit Union Pioneers Online Financial Services |url=https://app.articleonepartners.com/study/download?file_id=637 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=AOP Connect}}</ref> Dit was egter eers in 1999 dat die eerste staatsgeoktrooieerde, [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation|FDIC]]-versekerde instelling wat hoofsaaklik aanlyn bedryf is, gestig is. First Internet Bank, gestig deur David Becker, het 'n nuwe era in aanlyn-alleen bankwese ingelui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Internet Bank Launches Real-Time Internet Banking Services |url=https://www.firstib.com/about-us/news-resources/press-news/first-internet-bank-launches-real-time-internet-banking-services/|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=First Internet Bank |date=1999-02-22}}</ref>
=== Dot-com-era ===
Die laat 1990's en vroeë 2000's was 'n beduidende keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie, aangesien talle innovasies gedurende die [[dot-com-borrel|dot-com-hoogbloei]] ontstaan het. Een noemenswaardige ontwikkeling was die opkoms van aanlyn handelsplatforms, met [[E-Trade]], wat in 1982 gestig is, aan die voorpunt. In 1992 het E-Trade een van die eerste finansiëledienstemaatskappye geword wat aanlyn handel aan verbruikers aangebied het, wat die manier waarop individue met die [[aandelemark]] omgegaan het, omvorm het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=E*TRADE Financial Corporation History |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/e-trade-morgan-stanley/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes}}</ref>
Nog 'n deurslaggewende oomblik was die stigting van [[PayPal]] in 1998. PayPal se sukses met die skep van 'n veilige en gebruikersvriendelike aanlyn betaalstelsel het die lewensvatbaarheid van digitale betaaloplossings gedemonstreer en die weg gebaan vir talle daaropvolgende finansiële tegnologiebeginondernemings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tripsas |first1=Mary |date=2009 |title=Technology, Identity, and Inertia Through the Lens of "The Digital Photography Company" |journal=Organization Science |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=441–460 |doi=10.1287/orsc.1080.0419 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1270568_code698198.pdf?abstractid=1270568&mirid=1&type=2 }}; {{Cite book |last1=Vartanian |first1=Thomas P. |last2=Ledig |first2=Robert H. |last3=Bruneau |first3=Lynn |date=1998 |title=21st Century Money, Banking & Commerce |publisher=Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP |isbn=978-0-9663317-3-8}}</ref>
Die vroeë 2000's het ook die opkoms van innoverende sakemodelle in die finansiëledienstebedryf gesien. WebBank, wat in 1997 gestig is, het in 2005 begin om 'n "huur-'n-oktrooi"-model (''rent-a-charter'') aan te bied, wat die nodige bankinfrastruktuur en regulatoriese nakoming verskaf het sodat finansiële tegnologiebeginondernemings bankdienste kon aanbied sonder om hul eie oktrooie te bekom. Hierdie model sou later van kardinale belang blyk te wees om die groei van talle finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye moontlik te maak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Rent-a-Charter: Examining New Risks Behind Bank-Fintech Partnerships |url=https://sites.duke.edu/thefinregblog/2020/01/23/the-rise-of-rent-a-charter-examining-new-risks-behind-bank-fintech-partnerships/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The FinReg Blog |publisher=Duke University School of Law |date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
=== Ná die finansiële krisis van 2008 ===
Die [[finansiële krisis van 2008]] het as katalisator vir die vinnige groei van die finansiële tegnologiebedryf gedien, aangesien dalende vertroue in tradisionele finansiële instellings geleenthede vir innoverende, tegnologiegedrewe oplossings geskep het. Die vroeë dae van die na-krisis-era het die opkoms van digitale geldeenhede gesien, met [[e-Gold]] as 'n voorloper van die ontwikkeling van [[Bitcoin]]. Hoewel e-Gold, wat gebruikers toegelaat het om rekenings in gram goud te skep en onmiddellike oordragte moontlik gemaak het, uiteindelik regsuitdagings en sluiting in die gesig gestaar het, het dit die grondslag vir toekomstige digitale geldeenhede gelê.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Bullion and Bandits: The Improbable Rise and Fall of E-Gold|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/06/e-gold/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Wired Magazine |last1=Zetter |first1=Kim }}</ref>
Die uitvinding van Bitcoin in 2008 deur 'n anonieme skepper wat die skuilnaam [[Satoshi Nakamoto]] gebruik het, was 'n keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van digitale geldeenhede en [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]]. Bitcoin se gebruik van [[blokketting]]tegnologie het 'n golf van ontwikkeling op die gebied van [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] ontketen en nuwe moontlikhede vir veilige, deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels geopen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System|url=https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf|author=Nakamoto, Satoshi|date=2008-10-31|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Namate die finansiële tegnologielandskap verder ontwikkel het, het nuwe betalingsverwerkingsmaatskappye die mark betree wat ontwikkelaarsvriendelike [[Toepassingsprogrammeringskoppelvlak|API's]] aangebied het wat aanlyn betalingsintegrasie dramaties vereenvoudig het. Deur die toetredingsdrempels vir [[e-handel]] en aanlyn finansiële dienste te verlaag, het hierdie maatskappye 'n deurslaggewende rol gespeel om die groei van nuwe finansiële tegnologiebeginondernemings moontlik te maak en innovasie in die sektor aan te dryf.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chiu |first1=Iris H-Y |date=2017 |title=A new era in fintech payment innovations? A perspective from the institutions and regulation of payment systems |journal=Law, Innovation and Technology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=190–234 |doi=10.1080/17579961.2017.1377912|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1553175/ }}</ref>
Die vennootbankmodel, wat in die vroeë 2000's ontstaan het, het in die na-krisis-era beduidende momentum gekry. Hierdie model het verder uitgebrei as sy aanvanklike "huur-'n-oktrooi"-konsep en het in meer omvattende vennootskappe tussen tradisionele banke en finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye ontwikkel. Hierdie samewerkings het vinnige innovasie en marktoetrede moontlik gemaak, aangesien finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye die regulatoriese nakoming en infrastruktuur van gevestigde banke benut het terwyl hulle hul eie tegnologiese kundigheid en kliëntgesentreerde benaderings ingebring het. Dit het die groei van die finansiële tegnologiesektor verder versnel en die verspreiding van digitaal-eerste finansiële dienste moontlik gemaak.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Drasch |first1=Benedict J. |last2=Schweizer |first2=André |last3=Urbach |first3=Nils |date=2018 |title=Integrating the 'Troublemakers': A taxonomy for cooperation between banks and fintechs |journal=Journal of Economics and Business |volume=100 |pages=26–42 |doi=10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.04.002|url=https://www.fim-rc.de/Paperbibliothek/Veroeffentlicht/575/wi-575.pdf }}</ref> Die verrypking van hierdie model het die weg gebaan vir die opkoms van [[neobank]]e, wat tradisionele bankparadigmas uitgedaag het deur volkome digitale ervarings aan te bied en kliënteverwagtinge in die banksektor herdefinieer het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Banking as a Service |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/banking-needs-a-new-business-model-heres-a-blueprint-for-the-future |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=McKinsey & Company }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Die toenemende gebruik van [[slimfoon]]s het die ontwikkeling van mobiel-eerste finansiële tegnologie-oplossings aangedryf. Square se bekendstelling van 'n mobiele kaartleser in 2009 het klein ondernemings in staat gestel om [[kredietkaart]]betalings met slimfone te aanvaar, wat toegang tot betalingsverwerking gedemokratiseer het en die transformerende potensiaal van mobiele tegnologie in die finansiëledienstebedryf beklemtoon het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Yufei |last2=Zhu |first2=Huiming |last3=Li |first3=Zhenhua |last4=Jiang |first4=Zhibin |date=2021 |title=Mobile Payment in China: Practice and Its Effects |journal=Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=56–69 |doi=10.24294/jipd.v5i1.1237|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
Die ontwikkeling van mobiele betaalstelsels het voortgeduur met die bekendstelling van [[Google Wallet]] in 2011 en [[Apple Pay]] in 2014, wat mobiele betalings verder gewild gemaak het en die groeiende verbruikersvraag na gerieflike, veilige en gebruikersvriendelike betaaloplossings gedemonstreer het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dahlberg |first1=Tomi |last2=Guo /|first2=Jie |last3=Ondrus |first3=Jan |date=2015 |title=A critical review of mobile payment research |journal=Electronic Commerce Research and Applications |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=265–284 |doi=10.1016/j.elerap.2015.07.006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Reuver |first1=Mark |last2=Ondrus |first2=Jan |last3=Bouwman |first3=Harry |author-link3=Harry Bouwman |date=2015 |title=Mobile payment systems: adoption patterns in different countries |journal=International Journal of Electronic Business |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=328–348 |doi=10.1504/IJEB.2015.071386}}</ref>
Hierdie tydperk het ook die opkoms van eweknie-tot-eweknie- (P2P) [[Patentaansoek|betalingstoepassings]] gesien. Hierdie platforms het die manier waarop individue geld oorplaas, omvorm deur vinnige en maklike transaksies tussen gebruikers moontlik te maak. Deur vinnige, direkte oordragte via mobiele toestelle toe te laat, het P2P-betalingstoepassings die wrywing in persoonlike finansiële transaksies aansienlik verminder en dit eenvoudiger gemaak vir mense om rekenings te verdeel, koste te deel of geld aan vriende en familie te stuur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Story of Venmo |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/03/12/the-story-of-venmo/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes |date=2018-03-12}}</ref>
=== Versnelde groei van digitale finansies ===
Die wêreldwye [[COVID-19-pandemie]], wat vroeg in 2020 begin het, het 'n diepgaande uitwerking op die finansiële tegnologiebedryf gehad, die aanvaarding van digitale finansiële dienste versnel en die belangrikheid van tegnologie in die versekering van die veerkragtigheid en toeganklikheid van finansiële stelsels beklemtoon. Namate inperkings en [[sosiale distansiëring]]smaatreëls ondernemings en verbruikers genoodsaak het om swaarder op digitale kanale staat te maak, het finansiële tegnologie-oplossings 'n toename in aanvraag beleef.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fu |first1=Jonathan |last2=Mishra |first2=Mrinal |date=2020 |title=The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Fintech Adoption |journal=Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper No. 20-38 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3588453|ssrn=3588453 }}</ref>
Mobiel-eerste finansiële tegnologietoepassings het gedurende hierdie tydperk ongekende groei beleef. Baie handelsplatforms het beduidende toenames in nuwe gebruikersrekenings aangemeld, met sommige wat miljoene nuwe befondsde rekenings in die vroeë maande van die pandemie bygevoeg het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robinhood Raises $280 Million in Series F Funding Led by Sequoia |url=https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2020/5/4/robinhood-raises-280-million-in-series-f-funding-led-by-sequoia |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Robinhood Blog |date=2020-05-04}}</ref> Net so het betalings- en geldoordragtoepassings aansienlike gebruikersgroei beleef, met sommige platforms wat hul maandelikse aktiewe gebruikers oor 'n tydperk van drie jaar meer as verdubbel het, wat op 'n massiewe verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste dui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Block Q4 2022 Shareholder Letter |url=https://s29.q4cdn.com/628966176/files/doc_financials/2022/q4/Block_Shareholder-Letter-4Q22.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Block Investor Relations |date=2023-02-23}}</ref>
Die gebeure van 2020 het ook die beperkings van tradisionele finansiële instellings blootgelê om in die behoeftes van verbruikers en ondernemings in tye van krisis te voorsien. Finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye, met hul ratse en tegnologiegedrewe sakemodelle, was beter geposisioneer om te reageer op die uitdagings van die vinnig veranderende omgewing, en het innoverende oplossings vir afstandbankwese, kontaklose betalings en digitale lenings gebied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How COVID-19 has sped up digitalization for the banking sector |url=https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=EY |date=2020-11-17 |archive-date=24 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224005908/https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector }}</ref>
Gedurende hierdie tydperk het [[waagkapitaal]]waardasies vir finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye die hoogte ingeskiet, aangedryf deur lae rentekoerse en 'n bloeiende [[aandelemark]]. Die toename in finansiële tegnologiebeleggings is gekenmerk deur beduidende kapitaalinvloei, wat tot hoër waardasies en meer gereelde uittredings via [[aanvanklike openbare aanbod|AOA's]] en [[Spesiale-doel-verkrygingsmaatskappy|SPAC's]] gelei het. Verskeie prominente finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye het rekordbrekende waardasies behaal, wat die sektor se groei en beleggersvertroue verder onderstreep het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintechs: A New Paradigm of Growth |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/financial%20services/our%20insights/fintechs%20a%20new%20paradigm%20%20of%20growth/fintechs-a-new-paradigm-of-growth.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=McKinsey & Company |date=2021-04-14}}</ref>
Die verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste gedurende hierdie tydperk het ook die aanvaarding van blokkettingtegnologie en kriptogeldeenhede versnel. Namate [[sentrale bank]]e regoor die wêreld die moontlikheid ondersoek het om [[sentralebank-digitale geldeenheid|digitale geldeenhede]] uit te reik, het die belangstelling in [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]] en [[nie-vervangbare token]]s gegroei, wat nuwe weë vir innovasie in die finansiële tegnologiesektor geopen het.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=DeFi's Promise and Pitfalls |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666764923000280 |access-date=2024-07-20 |journal=FinTech |volume=3 |issue=2 |article-number=100028 |date=2023-04-01 |doi=10.1016/j.fin.2023.100028 |last=Schar |first=Fabian|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
=== Afrika ===
Die finansiële tegnologielandskap in Afrika is aan die groei, met aktiewe maatskappye wat 1 263 in 2024 bereik het, 'n beduidende toename vanaf 1 049 in 2022 en 450 in 2020.<ref name="unlock">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20240033-finance-in-africa |title=Finance in Africa: Unlocking Investment in an Era of Digital Transformation and Climate Transition |date=2024-11-07 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5767-7}}</ref> Nigerië lei die finansiële tegnologiesektor en verteenwoordig 28% van alle finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye op die vasteland, en huisves agt van Afrika se nege fintegeenhorings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Remains Africa's Fintech Powerhouse |url=https://furtherafrica.com/2025/08/25/nigeria-remains-africas-fintech-powerhouse/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Further Africa |date=2025-08-25}}</ref>
Teen vroeg 2025 was Nigerië die tuiste van meer as 430 fintegmaatskappye, 'n toename van 70% jaar-op-jaar, met finteg wat 72% van die land se totale aandelebefondsing verteenwoordig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria's Fintech Sector Surges 70% Despite Challenges |url=https://fintechnews.africa/44869/fintech-nigeria/nigerias-fintech-sector-surges-70-despite-challenges/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News Africa |date=2025-03-13}}</ref> Afrikaanse fintegbeginondernemings het in 2025 gesamentlik meer as VS$3 miljard aan bekendgemaakte befondsing ingesamel, 'n toename van 33% jaar-op-jaar, terwyl die sektor van vinnige skaalvergroting na volhoubare groei en winsgewendheid verskuif het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Fintechs Projected to Grow Profitably in 2026 |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202601080119.html |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=AllAfrica |date=2026-01-08}}</ref>
=== Midde-Ooste ===
Die [[Verenigde Arabiese Emirate]] het na vore getree as die voorste fintegsentrum in die streek van die [[Midde-Ooste en Noord-Afrika]] (MENA). Die VAE huisves ongeveer 'n kwart van alle fintegmaatskappye in die MENA-streek, ondersteun deur twee finansiële vryhandelsones met onafhanklike regulatoriese raamwerke: die [[Dubai International Financial Centre]] (DIFC), gereguleer deur die [[Dubai Financial Services Authority]] (DFSA), en die [[Abu Dhabi Global Market]] (ADGM), gereguleer deur die Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintech 2025 – UAE|url=https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/fintech-2025/uae/trends-and-developments |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Chambers and Partners |date=2025}}</ref> Teen 2025 het die DIFC gegroei tot meer as 1 500 finteg-, kunsmatige intelligensie- en innovasiefirmas, wat negende geplaas het onder wêreldwye fintegsentrums volgens die Global Financial Centres Index, en eerste in die Midde-Ooste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 in Review: AI, Tokenization, Islamic Finance Dominate UAE Fintech Landscape |url=https://fintechnews.ae/29466/abudhabi/2025-in-review-ai-tokenization-islamic-finance-dominate-uae-fintech-landscape/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News UAE |date=2025-12-22}}</ref>
[[Israel]] huisves 'n gevestigde fintegsektor.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Anders as die VAE se vryhandelsone-model, het Israel 'n statutêre regulatoriese sandput-model nagestreef, wat deur 'n interministeriële span voorgestel is en in die 2021-wetsontwerp vir die Aanmoediging van Tegnologiese Ontwikkeling op die Finansiële Gebied uiteengesit is.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Die voorgestelde raamwerk, wat vanaf 2025 steeds op die wetsontwerpstadium bly, word geadministreer deur 'n komitee van die land se vernaamste finansiële reguleerders (die [[Ministerie van Finansies (Israel)|Ministerie van Finansies]], die [[Bank van Israel]], die Kapitaalmark-, Versekerings- en Spaargesag, die Israelse Effektegesag, en die owerheid vir die bekamping van geldwassery), wat bedoel is om as 'n gekoördineerde toegangspunt vir deelnemende firmas te dien.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cahane |first1=Amir |last2=Sierra |first2=Michael |date=Januarie 2025|title=Nascent regulatory sandbox frameworks for AI in Israel |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/nascent-regulatory-sandbox-frameworks-for-ai-in-israel/C9E5B9630A678D809BDA109AE018881A |journal=Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance |language=en |volume=1 |article-number=e40 |doi=10.1017/cfl.2025.10032 |issn=3033-3733}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Plato-Shinar |first=Ruth |date=2021 |title=Thinking Outside the Box: The New Regulatory Sandbox Regime in Israel |journal=Banking & Finance L. Rev. |volume=36 |issue=3 |ssrn=3829880 }}</ref>
== 2020's ==
Die 2020's het 'n nuwe fase in finansiële tegnologie ingelui, gekenmerk deur die hoofstroomaanvaarding van kunsmatige intelligensie regoor finansiële dienste. Vanaf 2023 is generatiewe KI-hulpmiddels deur banke, betalingsverwerkers en beleggingsplatforms aangeneem om kliëntediens, kredietbesluitneming, bedrogopsporing en portefeuljebestuur te outomatiseer.
Die vinnige integrasie van KI in finansiële infrastruktuur het ook regulatoriese aandag getrek. In Mei 2026 het die [[Internasionale Monetêre Fonds]] gewaarsku dat KI-aangedrewe kuberaanvalle sistemiese risiko's vir wêreldwye finansiële stabiliteit inhou, en opgemerk dat gevorderde modelle die tyd en koste wat nodig is om kwesbaarhede regoor onderling gekoppelde bankstelsels te identifiseer en uit te buit, dramaties kan verminder, terwyl uiterste kubervoorvalle finansieringsdruk kan veroorsaak en breër markte kan ontwrig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Risks Mount as Artificial Intelligence Fuels Cyberattacks|url=https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2026/05/07/financial-stability-risks-mount-as-artificial-intelligence-fuels-cyberattacks|website=International Monetary Fund|date=2026-05-07|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die [[Federale Reserwe]] se Finansiële Stabiliteitsverslag van die lente van 2026 het bevind dat 50% van markkontakte KI as 'n potensiële sistemiese skok vir finansiële markte geïdentifiseer het, teenoor 9% die vorige jaar, wat 'n meer as vyfvoudige toename in waargenome KI-verwante sistemiese risiko oor twaalf maande verteenwoordig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Report, May 2026|url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/financial-stability-report20260508.pdf|website=Federal Reserve|date=2026-05-08|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die dekade het ook beduidende finteguitbreiding in ontluikende markte gesien. In Afrika het aktiewe fintegmaatskappye 1 263 in 2024 bereik, teenoor 450 in 2020, met Nigerië wat 28% van alle maatskappye op die vasteland verteenwoordig. In die [[Golfsamewerkingsraad|GSR]] het regulatoriese sandputte wat deur die [[Dubai Financial Services Authority]] en [[Abu Dhabi Global Market]] gevestig is, finteglisensiëring versnel en 'n nuwe generasie digitale beleggingsplatforms in staat gestel om kleinhandelbeleggers regoor die streek te bereik.
== Bedryfslandskap ==
Die finansiële tegnologiebedryf sluit 'n uiteenlopende reeks finansiële dienste en tegnologieë in wat in verskeie kernareas gekategoriseer kan word. Baie maatskappye is oor meerdere areas heen aktief of skep nuwe nisse wat hierdie onderskeide vervaag.
{| class="wikitable"
! Kategorie
! Besonderhede
|-
| Bankwese en persoonlike finansies
| Digitale bankplatforms en neobanke wat gebruikersvriendelike koppelvlakke, uitgawesnasporing, finansiële beplanning en geïntegreerde persoonlike finansiële bestuurshulpmiddels bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hornuf|first1=Lars|last2=Klus|first2=Milan F.|last3=Lohwasser|first3=Todor S.|last4=Schwienbacher|first4=Armin|title=How do banks interact with fintech startups?|journal=Small Business Economics|year=2021|volume=57|issue=3|pages=1505–1526|doi=10.1007/s11187-020-00359-3|doi-access=free|hdl=10419/289149|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Betalings, fakture, oorbetalings en transaksies
| Digitale betaaloplossings, faktuurstelsels, eweknie-tot-eweknie-oordragte, internasionale oorbetalings, betaalstaatdienste, invorderings, en korporatiewe kaart- en uitgawebestuurstelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gomber|first1=Peter|last2=Koch|first2=Jascha-Alexander|last3=Siering|first3=Michael|title=Digital Finance and FinTech: Current research and future research directions|journal=Journal of Business Economics|year=2017|volume=87|issue=5|pages=537–580|doi=10.1007/s11573-017-0852-x}}</ref>
|-
| Lenings en krediet
| Eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms, [[Koop nou, betaal later|BNPL]], aanlyn persoonlike lenings en finansiering vir klein ondernemings, wat dikwels alternatiewe data en masjienleer vir kredietbeoordeling gebruik.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jagtiani|first1=Julapa|last2=Lemieux|first2=Catharine|title=The roles of alternative data and machine learning in fintech lending: Evidence from the LendingClub consumer platform|journal=Financial Management|year=2019|volume=48|issue=4|pages=1009–1029|doi=10.1111/fima.12295}}</ref>
|-
| Belegging en vermoënsbestuur
| Robo-adviseurs (vermoënsbestuursdienste wat algoritmes gebruik vir outomatiese beleggingsadvies en digitale portefeuljebestuur<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=Dominik|last2=Dorner|first2=Verena|last3=Weinhardt|first3=Christof|last4=Pusmaz|first4=Hakan|title=Designing a robo-advisor for risk-averse, low-budget consumers|journal=Electronic Markets|year=2018|volume=28|issue=3|pages=367–380|doi=10.1007/s12525-017-0279-9}}</ref>), aanlyn makelaars en [[Doen-dit-self-belegging|selfgerigte beleggingsplatforms]].
|-
| Kapitaalmarkte en batebestuur
| Algoritmiese handelsplatforms, markdata-ontleding en portefeulje-optimaliseringshulpmiddels vir institusionele handel en batebestuur.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kirilenko|first1=Andrei A.|last2=Lo|first2=Andrew W.|title=Moore's Law versus Murphy's Law: Algorithmic Trading and Its Discontents|journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives|year=2013|volume=27|issue=2|pages=51–72|doi=10.1257/jep.27.2.51|doi-access=free |hdl=1721.1/87768|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Insurtech en proptech
| Tegnologietoepassings in versekering en eiendom, wat gepersonaliseerde polisse, vaartbelynde eisprosesse en innoverende eiendomsbestuursoplossings bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Eling|first1=Martin|last2=Lehmann|first2=Martin|title=The impact of digitalization on the insurance value chain and the insurability of risks|journal=The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice|year=2018|volume=43|issue=3|pages=359–396|doi=10.1057/s41288-017-0073-0}}</ref>
|-
| [[Blokketting]], [[Kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] en [[Gedesentraliseerde finansies|DeFi]]
| Blokketting-gebaseerde tegnologieë wat kriptogeldeenhede en platforms vir gedesentraliseerde finansies (DeFi) moontlik maak vir meer deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Yan|last2=Bellavitis|first2=Cristiano|title=Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models|journal=Journal of Business Venturing Insights|year=2020|volume=13|article-number=e00151|doi=10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00151}}</ref>
|-
| Regtech, nakoming en sekuriteit
| Regulatoriese tegnologie-oplossings vir monitering, verslagdoening, nakoming, bedrogopsporing en kuberveiligheid in die finansiële sektor.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Arner|first1=Douglas W.|last2=Barberis|first2=Jànos|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley|title=FinTech, RegTech, and the reconceptualization of financial regulation|journal=Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business|year=2016|volume=37|issue=3|pages=371–413|url=https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njilb/vol37/iss3/2/}}</ref>
|-
| Infrastruktuur
| [[Kernbankwese|Kernbankstelsels]], finansiële data-samevoegingsdienste, oopbankwese-API's, Bankwese-as-'n-Diens- (BaaS) platforms, en gevorderde data-ontledingshulpmiddels wat die hele finansiële tegnologie-ekosisteem ondersteun.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Omarini|first1=Anna|title=Banks and Fintechs: How to Develop a Digital Open Banking Approach for the Bank's Future|journal=International Business Research|year=2018|volume=11|issue=9|pages=23–36|doi=10.5539/ibr.v11n9p23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zetzsche|first1=Dirk A.|last2=Arner|first2=Douglas W.|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P.|last4=Weber|first4=Rolf H.|title=The Future of Data-Driven Finance and RegTech: Lessons from EU Big Bang II|journal=Stanford Journal of Law, Business & Finance|year=2019|volume=25|issue=2|pages=245–288|ssrn=3359399 }}</ref>
|}
== Inkomstemodelle ==
Finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye gebruik verskeie inkomstemodelle en kombineer dikwels meerdere benaderings om inkomstestrome te diversifiseer.
Transaksiefooie vorm 'n primêre inkomstebron vir baie finansiële tegnologie-ondernemings, veral betalingsverwerkers en kriptogeldeenheidbeurse. Hierdie maatskappye hef tipies 'n persentasie van elke verwerkte transaksie. Sommige maatskappye het hierdie model uitgebrei om premiefooie vir dienste soos onmiddellike uitbetalings in te sluit, wat handelaars bedien wat onmiddellike toegang tot fondse benodig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement |url=https://s201.q4cdn.com/231198771/files/doc_financials/2024/ar/PayPal-Holdings-Inc-Combined-2024-Proxy-Statement-and-2023-Annual-Report.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Paypal Investor Report }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coinbase Shareholder Letter First Quarter 2024 |url=https://s27.q4cdn.com/397450999/files/doc_financials/2024/05/Shareholder-Letter-Q1-2024.pdf|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Coinbase Investor Report}}</ref> [[Uitruilfooi]]e verteenwoordig nog 'n beduidende inkomstestroom, veral vir firmas wat betaalkaarte aanbied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merchant Indifference Test Application |url=https://www.bundesbank.de/resource/blob/634960/f74645a59a2ada2d858a3c91ee2508df/mL/2014-09-16-merchant-indifference-test-application-data.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=bundesbank}}</ref>
[[Lêer:Gao-report-on-interchange.gif|duimnael|regs|250px|GAO-verslagbeeld wat uitruilfooie verduidelik]]
Intekening- en [[freemium]]-modelle stel maatskappye in staat om basiese dienste gratis aan te bied terwyl hulle vir gevorderde kenmerke of premievlakke hef.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolut 2023 Annual Report |url=https://cdn.revolut.com/pdf/annualreport2023.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Revolut}}</ref> Hierdie benadering is algemeen onder digitale banke en finansiële bestuursplatforms. In die besigheid-tot-besigheid- (B2B) sektor is gebruiksgebaseerde prysbepaling algemeen, veral vir API-dienste. Verskaffers van finansiële tegnologie-infrastruktuur hef dikwels op grond van die volume API-oproepe of transaksies wat verwerk word, wat ander ondernemings in staat stel om toegang tot gespesialiseerde finansiële dienste te verkry sonder om dit intern te ontwikkel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revenue Opportunities Created By Open APIs |url=https://www.fisglobal.com/-/media/fisglobal/files/pdf/white-paper/realizing-revenue-opportunities-with-open-apis.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=fisglobal}}</ref>
Rentegebaseerde inkomste is van kardinale belang vir baie finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye, veral in die bank- en leningsektore. Digitale banke en beleggingsplatforms verdien tipies rente op kliëntedeposito's en kontantsaldo's. Leningsplatforms kombineer dikwels rente-inkomste met leningsverkope, deur gedeeltes van hul leningsportefeuljes aan ander instellings of beleggers te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LendingClub Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Results |url=https://ir.lendingclub.com/news/news-details/2023/LendingClub-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2022-Results/default.aspx |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=LendingClub Investor Relations |date=2023-01-25}}</ref>
Datagedrewe inkomstemodelle, hoewel potensieel winsgewend, het toenemende ondersoek en regulering in die gesig gestaar. Sommige firmas is by datamonetisering betrokke deur saamgevoegde of geanonimiseerde gebruikersdata aan derde partye te verkoop. Hierdie praktyk het egter privaatheidskwessies en regulatoriese uitdagings laat ontstaan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawmakers Call for Investigation of Fintech Company Yodlee's Data Selling |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lawmakers-call-for-investigation-of-fintech-firm-yodlees-data-selling-11579269600 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=WSJ |date=2020-01-17}}</ref> 'n Minder omstrede benadering behels die benutting van gebruikersdata vir geteikende advertensies en loodgenerering, waar inkomste deur produkaanbevelings en verwysingsfooie verdien word terwyl gratis dienste aan gebruikers verskaf word.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intuit Investor Dat 2023 |url=https://investors.intuit.com/_assets/_85ab9fac85f2c84ae8711d96ca5b2870/intuit/db/923/9393/pdf/Intuit-Investor-Day-2023_E2E-PRINT-Deck_092723-1.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Intuit}}</ref>
Sommige inkomstemodelle, soos betaling vir bestellingsvloei (PFOF) wat deur sekere makelaarsfirmas gebruik word, beweeg in 'n regulatoriese grys gebied. Hoewel PFOF kommissievrye transaksies moontlik maak, wat moontlik kleinhandelbeleggers bevoordeel, is dit onder die soeklig weens kommer oor belangebotsings en beste-uitvoeringspraktyke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEC Charges Robinhood Financial With Misleading Customers About Revenue Sources and Failing to Satisfy Duty of Best Execution |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-321 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SEC.gov |date=2020-12-17}}</ref>
== Infrastruktuur ==
Moderne finansiële tegnologie berus op 'n gedeelde laag van tegniese infrastruktuur wat toepassings, banke en [[Derdeparty|derdepartyverskaffers]] in staat stel om data veilig uit te ruil en transaksies te inisieer. Sentraal tot hierdie infrastruktuur is gestandaardiseerde toepassingsprogrammeringskoppelvlakke (API's), wat sagtewarestelsels toelaat om met mekaar te kommunikeer sonder om die onderliggende kode of data direk bloot te stel. Die sekuriteit van hierdie integrasies word bepaal deur protokolle soos [[OAuth 2.0]] en [[OpenID]] Connect, en in finansiële dienste spesifiek deur die Financial-grade API- (FAPI) standaard — 'n sekuriteitsprofiel wat deur die OpenID Foundation ontwikkel is en wat definieer hoe API's wat sensitiewe finansiële data hanteer, kliënte moet verifieer, toestemming moet bestuur en die onweerlegbaarheid van transaksies moet verseker.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAPI Working Group |url=https://openid.net/wg/fapi/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=OpenID Foundation}}</ref>
[[Oopbankwese]] verteenwoordig die mees beduidende regulatoriese formalisering van hierdie API-infrastruktuur tot op hede. Onder oopbankwese-raamwerke word banke verplig om kliënterekeningdata en betalingsdienste via gestandaardiseerde API's aan gemagtigde derde partye beskikbaar te stel, onderhewig aan uitdruklike kliëntetoestemming. Die model is eerste op groot skaal verplig deur die [[Europese Unie]] se hersiene Betalingsdiensterigtlyn ([[Betalingsdiensterigtlyn|PSD2]]) in 2018 en die VK se [[Open Banking Standard]], wat ná 'n uitspraak van die Competition and Markets Authority in 2016 gevestig is.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025 |title=OBL Impact Report 7 |url=https://www.openbanking.org.uk/insights/obl-impact-report-7-open-banking-delivers-real-world-impact-as-adoption-accelerates-year-on-year/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Open Banking Limited}}</ref> Vergelykbare raamwerke is sedertdien wêreldwyd aangeneem, insluitend die Financial Data Exchange- (FDX) standaard in die Verenigde State en die Consumer Data Right (CDR) in Australië, hoewel hierdie verskil ten opsigte van terminologie, tegniese standaarde en implementeringsmodel.<ref>{{cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=The Anatomy of a Thriving Open Banking Ecosystem |url=https://ozoneapi.com/blog/the-anatomy-of-a-thriving-open-banking-ecosystem/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Ozone API}}</ref> Teen 2024 is die wêreldwye oopbankwesemark op ongeveer $31,6 miljard gewaardeer en dit sal na verwagting teen 2030 $135 miljard bereik.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Banking Market Size & Share |url=https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/open-banking-systems-market |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Grand View Research}}</ref>
== Kontroversies ==
Namate finansiële tegnologiemaatskappye poog om tradisionele [[finansiële dienste]] te ontwrig, is sommige gekritiseer omdat hulle groei bo [[regulatoriese nakoming|nakoming]], sekuriteit en [[verbruikersbeskerming]] gestel het.
In 'n noemenswaardige kontroversie het die [[kriptogeldeenheidbeurs]] [[FTX]] in November 2022 ineengestort te midde van beskuldigings van misleidende praktyke, onbehoorlike hantering van kliëntebates en onvoldoende risikobeheer.<ref>{{cite news|first=MacKenzie|last=Sigalos|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/15/how-sam-bankman-frieds-ftx-alameda-empire-vanished-overnight.html|title=How Sam Bankman-Fried's crypto empire vanished overnight|date=2022-11-11|work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref>
[[Sam Bankman-Fried]], FTX se stigter en uitvoerende hoof, is later skuldig bevind aan bedrog per elektroniese kommunikasie (''wire fraud''), [[sameswering]] en [[geldwassery]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=David|last1=Yaffe-Bellany|first2=Matthew|last2=Goldstein|first3=J. Edward|last3=Moreno|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|title=Sam Bankman-Fried Is Found Guilty of 7 Counts of Fraud and Conspiracy|date=2022-12-13|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202030700/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|archive-date=2023-12-02}}</ref>
== Verwysings en aantekeninge ==
{{Reflist|35em}}
== Verdere leesstof ==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Teigland |editor1-first=R. |editor2-last=Siri |editor2-first=S.
|editor3-last=Larsson |editor3-first=A. |editor4-last=Puertas |editor4-first=A. M. |editor5-last=Bogusz |editor5-first=C. I. |title=The Rise and Development of FinTech (Open Access): Accounts of Disruption from Sweden and Beyond |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-8153-7850-1 |ref=none}}
* {{cite journal |first=Johannes |last=Treu |title=The Fintech Sensation – What is it about? |journal=Journal of International Business and Management |volume=5 |issue=1 |year=2022 |pages=1–19 |url=https://rpajournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/JIBM-2021-11-2094.pdf |access-date=2023-02-23|doi=10.37227/JIBM-2021-11-2094|issn=2616-5163|ref=none}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Finansiële dienste]]
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{{Kort beskrywing|Deelversameling van tegnologieë wat in finansies gebruik word}}
[[Lêer:Luchtfoto van Lower Manhattan.jpg|duimnael|263px|[[New York-stad]], die wêreld se vernaamste finteg- en [[finansiële sentrum]]<ref name=NewYorkFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld>{{cite web |url = https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-37-explore-the-data/gfci-37-rank/|title = The Global Financial Centres Index 37|publisher = Long Finance|access-date = 2 Junie 2025}}</ref>]]
'''Finansiële tegnologie''' (afgekort as '''finteg'''<ref name="Netwerk24, g.d.">{{Cite web| last = Delport| first = Dennis| title = ANC dien strafregtelike klagte teen DA se Burke in| work = [[Netwerk24]] | access-date = 2026-08-21| url = https://www.netwerk24.com/nuus/politiek/anc-dien-strafregtelike-klagte-teen-da-se-burke-in-20260821-0510}}</ref>) verwys na die toepassing van nuwe tegnologieë op produkte en dienste in die [[finansiële bedryf]]. Hierdie breë term omvat 'n wye verskeidenheid tegnologiese hulpmiddels in finansiële dienste, insluitend [[mobiele bankdienste]], aanlyn leningsplatforms, digitale betaalstelsels, [[robo-adviseur]]s en [[blokketting]]-gebaseerde toepassings soos [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schindler |first=John W. |date=2017 |title=FinTech and Financial Innovation: Drivers and Depth |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2017081pap.pdf |journal=Finance and Economics Discussion Series |volume=2017 |issue=81 |doi=10.17016/FEDS.2017.081 |issn=1936-2854}}</ref> Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye sluit sowel [[beginonderneming]]s as gevestigde tegnologie- en finansiële firmas in wat daarop gemik is om tradisionele finansiële dienste te verbeter, aan te vul of te vervang.
== Ontwikkeling ==
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie strek oor meer as 'n eeu en word gekenmerk deur beduidende tegnologiese innovasies wat die finansiële bedryf hervorm het. Hoewel die toepassing van tegnologie op finansies diep historiese wortels het, het die term "finansiële tegnologie" in die laat 20ste eeu ontstaan en in die 1990's bekendheid verwerf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967">{{Cite news |title=Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/434041835/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |work=The Boston Globe |date=1967-08-27 |page=116}}</ref>
Die vroegste gedokumenteerde gebruik van die term dateer terug na 1967, toe dit in 'n artikel in ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' met die titel "Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money" verskyn het. Hierdie berig het gehandel oor 'n beginbeleggingsmaatskappy wat deur voormalige uitvoerende beamptes van die [[Computer Control Company]] gestig is, met die doel om waagkapitaal en bedryfskundigheid aan beginondernemings in die finansiëletegnologiebedryf te verskaf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967" />
Die term het egter eers in die vroeë 1990's gewild geword toe Citicorp se voorsitter John Reed dit gebruik het om die Financial Services Technology Consortium te beskryf. Hierdie projek, wat deur [[Citigroup]] geïnisieer is, is ontwerp om tegnologiese samewerking in die finansiële sektor te bevorder en was 'n keerpunt in die bedryf se gesamentlike benadering tot innovasie.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal">{{Cite journal |last1=Arner |first1=Douglas W. |last2=Barberis |first2=Jànos |last3=Buckley |first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley |date=2016 |title=The Evolution of Fintech: A New Post-Crisis Paradigm? |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Law |volume=47 |pages=1271–1319 |ssrn=2676553 |issn=1550-5200 }}</ref>
Die finansiëletegnologie-ekosisteem sluit verskeie soorte maatskappye in. Hoewel beginondernemings wat nuwe finansiële tegnologieë of dienste ontwikkel dikwels met finansiële tegnologie geassosieer word, omvat die sektor ook gevestigde tegnologiemaatskappye wat na finansiële dienste uitbrei, sowel as tradisionele [[finansiële instelling]]s wat nuwe tegnologieë aanneem. Hierdie uiteenlopende landskap het tot innovasies in verskeie finansiële sektore gelei, insluitend [[bankwese]], [[versekering]], [[belegging]] en [[betaalstelsel]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=In|last2=Shin|first2=Yong Jae|title=Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges|journal=Business Horizons|year=2018|volume=61|issue=1|pages=35–46|doi=10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003}}</ref>
Finansiëletegnologietoepassings strek oor 'n wye verskeidenheid finansiële dienste. Dit sluit [[digitale bankwese]], [[mobiele betaling]]s en [[digitale beursie]]s, [[eweknie-tot-eweknie-lening|eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms]], [[robo-adviseur]]s en [[algoritmiese handel]], [[insurtech]], [[blokketting]] en [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]], [[regulatoriese tegnologie]] en [[skarefinansiering|skarefinansieringsplatforms]] in.
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie behels dikwels die oorvleueling van telekommunikasie-ingenieurswese met finansies. Byvoorbeeld, vroeë eksperimentering met [[Nabyveldkommunikasie|NFC]]-betalingstandaarde in die 2010's het sommige ontwikkelaars daartoe gelei om verspreide grootboeke as 'n agterkant vir skaalbare mobiele betalings te verken, in 'n poging om die deurset-beperkings van tradisionele bankinfrastruktuur op te los sonder om op gesentraliseerde tussengangers staat te maak.<ref>{{cite news |last=Olson |first=Parmy |title=This Hermetic Engineer Is Plotting The Death Of Blockchain |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2019/01/09/this-hermetic-engineer-is-plotting-the-death-of-blockchain/ |newspaper=Forbes |date=9 Januarie 2019 |access-date=28 Desember 2025}}</ref>
=== Uitwerking op finansiële insluiting ===
Daar is toenemende empiriese bewyse dat finteginnovasies, veral digitale betaalstelsels, [[mobiele geld]] en aanlyn finansiële platforms, beduidend tot finansiële insluiting bydra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why financial inclusion is the key to a thriving economy |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208214438/https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-date=2025-12-08 |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Fintech Impacts Financial Inclusion |url=https://www.phoenix.edu/articles/finance/fintech-impact-on-financial-inclusion.html |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=University of Phoenix |language=en}}</ref> 'n Sistematiese oorsig van 2025 het bevind dat sulke tegnologieë toegang tot finansiële dienste in ontwikkelende en onderbediende gemeenskappe verbeter deur hindernisse tot bankwese te verminder en veilige, bekostigbare transaksies moontlik te maak.<ref>{{cite journal
|last1=Shahen
|first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud
|last2=Sharaf
|first2=Mesbah Fathy
|title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review
|journal=FinTech
|volume=4
|issue=4
|year=2025
|pages=59
|doi=10.3390/fintech4040059
|doi-access=free
}}</ref>
Ten spyte van die algeheel positiewe uitwerking op finansiële insluiting, kan digitale finansiële dienste mense uitsluit wat beperkte internettoegang, lae digitale of finansiële geletterdheid, of minder vertroue in die gebruik van aanlyn dienste het. Dit wek ook verbruikersbeskermingskwessies rondom bedrog, [[kuberveiligheid]] en dataprivaatheid.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-07 |title=Supporting informed and safe use of digital payments through digital financial literacy: Full Report |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/supporting-informed-and-safe-use-of-digital-payments-through-digital-financial-literacy_21de47d1-en/full-report.html |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=OECD |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial Inclusion {{!}} World Bank Group |url=https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/topic/financial-sector/financial-inclusion |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref>
== Geskiedenis ==
=== Grondslae ===
Die laat 19de eeu het die grondslag gelê vir vroeë finansiële tegnologie met die ontwikkeling van die [[telegraaf]] en [[Transatlantiese telegraafkabel|transatlantiese kabelstelsels]]. Hierdie innovasies het die oordrag van finansiële inligting oor grense heen verander en vinniger en doeltreffender kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings moontlik gemaak.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal" />
'n Belangrike mylpaal in elektroniese geldbeweging het gekom met die stigting van die [[Fedwire]] Funds Service deur die [[Federale Reserwebank]]e in 1918. Hierdie vroeë elektroniese fondsoordragstelsel het [[telegraaf]]lyne gebruik om veilige oordragte tussen lidbanke te fasiliteer, en was een van die eerste gevalle van elektroniese geldbeweging.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gilbert |first1=Adam M. |last2=Hunt |first2=Dara |last3=Winch |first3=Kenneth C. |title=Creating an Integrated Payment System: The Evolution of Fedwire |url=https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/epr/97v03n2/9707gilb.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=newyorkfed.org |date=1997}}</ref>
Die 1950's het 'n nuwe era van verbruikersfinansiële dienste ingelui. [[Diners Club International]] het in 1950 die eerste universele [[kredietkaart]] bekendgestel, 'n keerpunt wat verbruikersbesteding en krediet sou hervorm. Hierdie innovasie het die weg gebaan vir die bekendstelling van [[American Express]]-kaarte in 1958 en die BankAmericard (later Visa) in 1959, wat die kredietkaartbedryf verder uitgebrei het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=David S. |last2=Schmalensee |first2=Richard |author-link2=Richard L. Schmalensee |date=2005 |title=The Economics of Interchange Fees and Their Regulation: An Overview |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/18181/4548-05.pdf|journal=MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4548-05 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.744705}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stearns |first=David L. |date=2011 |title=Electronic Value Exchange: Origins of the VISA Electronic Payment System |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-84996-138-7}}</ref>
=== Digitale rewolusie ===
Die 1960's en 1970's het die begin gemerk van die verskuiwing van analoë na digitale finansies, met verskeie baanbrekende ontwikkelings wat die toekoms van finansiële tegnologie gevorm het.
In 1967 het [[Barclays]] die wêreld se eerste [[outotellermasjien|OTM]] in [[Londen]] bekendgestel, wat toegang tot kontant en basiese bankdienste uitgebrei het. Die OTM, wat deur [[verkoopmasjien]]s geïnspireer is, was 'n beduidende stap in die rigting van selfdiensbankwese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From the archives: the ATM is 50 |url=https://home.barclays/news/2017/06/from-the-archives-the-atm-is-50/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Barclays |date=2017-06-27}}</ref>
Finansiëletegnologie-infrastruktuur het verder ontwikkel met die stigting van die Inter-bank Computer Bureau in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] in 1968. Hierdie ontwikkeling het die grondslag gelê vir die land se eerste geoutomatiseerde [[verrekeningskamer]]stelsel, wat uiteindelik in [[BACS]] (Bankers' Automated Clearing Services) ontwikkel het om elektroniese fondsoordragte tussen banke te fasiliteer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Payment systems in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.bis.org/cpmi/paysys/unitedkingdomcomp.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=BIS}}</ref>
Die wêreld van [[effektehandel]] is in 1971 verander met die stigting van [[NASDAQ]], die wêreld se eerste digitale [[effektebeurs]]. NASDAQ se elektroniese noteringstelsel was 'n beduidende sprong vorentoe vanaf die tradisionele stelsel van [[oop uitroep]] wat op effektebeurse gebruik is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nasdaq: 50 Years of Market Innovation |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/nasdaq%3A-50-years-of-market-innovation-2021-02-11 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nasdaq}}</ref>
Twee jaar later het die stigting van [[SWIFT]] (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings wêreldwyd gestandaardiseer en beveilig. SWIFT se boodskapstelsel het die wêreldwye standaard vir internasionale geld- en effekte-oordragte geword.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=Susan V. |last2=Zachariadis |first2=Markos |date=2012-08-01 |title=Origins and development of SWIFT, 1973–2009 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |journal=Business History Review |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=461–502 |doi=10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |issn=0007-6791|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Die invoering van elektroniese fondsoordragstelsels, soos die [[Automated Clearing House|ACH]] (Automated Clearing House) in die [[Verenigde State]], het vinniger en doeltreffender geldoordragte moontlik gemaak. Die ACH-netwerk het [[direkte deposito]]'s, [[betaalstaat]]betalings en elektroniese rekeningbetalings moontlik gemaak, wat die behoefte aan [[tjek|papiertjeks]] aansienlik verminder het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the ACH Network |url=https://www.nacha.org/content/history-nacha-and-ach-network |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nacha}}</ref>
=== Opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste ===
[[Lêer:Bloomberg Terminal Museum.jpg|duimnael|263px|[[Bloomberg-terminaal]]museum in [[Manhattan]]]]
Die 1980's en 1990's was getuie van beduidende ontwikkelings in finansiële tegnologie, met die opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste en die vroeë stadiums van [[aanlyn bankwese]]. 'n Groot deurbraak het gekom toe [[Michael Bloomberg]] Innovative Market Systems (later [[Bloomberg L.P.]]) gestig en die [[Bloomberg-terminaal]] bekendgestel het. Hierdie innovasie het verander hoe finansiële professionele persone markdata verkry en ontleed het, deur intydse finansiële markdata, ontledings en nuus aan finansiële instellings wêreldwyd te verskaf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloomberg: The Early Years |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/company/stories/bloomberg-the-early-years/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref>
Aanlyn bankwese het in die vroeë 1980's ontstaan, toe die [[Bank of Scotland]] die eerste aanlyn bankdiens in die VK, genaamd Homelink, aangebied het. Hierdie diens het kliënte in staat gestel om state te bekyk, geld oor te plaas en rekenings te betaal met behulp van hul [[televisie]]s en [[telefoon]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Move Fast In Home Banking |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/02/business/british-move-fast-in-home-banking.html |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The New York Times |date=1984-01-02}}</ref>
Die laat 1980's het die ontwikkeling van [[Elektroniese data-uitruiling|EDI]]-standaarde (Electronic Data Interchange) gesien, wat ondernemings in staat gestel het om finansiële dokumente elektronies uit te ruil en [[Besigheid-tot-besigheid|B2B]]-transaksies (besigheid-tot-besigheid) te vereenvoudig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)? |url=https://www.sap.com/products/business-network/supply-chain-collaboration/what-is-edi.html|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SAP}}</ref>
'n Beduidende mylpaal in digitale verbruikersbankwese het in 1994 gekom toe die [[Stanford Federal Credit Union]] die eerste [[internetbankwese]]-webwerf bekendgestel het. Hierdie diens het lede aanvanklik in staat gestel om rekeningsaldo's aanlyn na te gaan, met rekeningbetalingsfunksionaliteit wat in 1997 bygevoeg is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford Federal Credit Union Pioneers Online Financial Services |url=https://app.articleonepartners.com/study/download?file_id=637 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=AOP Connect}}</ref> Dit was egter eers in 1999 dat die eerste staatsgeoktrooieerde, [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation|FDIC]]-versekerde instelling wat hoofsaaklik aanlyn bedryf is, gestig is. First Internet Bank, gestig deur David Becker, het 'n nuwe era in aanlyn-alleen bankwese ingelui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Internet Bank Launches Real-Time Internet Banking Services |url=https://www.firstib.com/about-us/news-resources/press-news/first-internet-bank-launches-real-time-internet-banking-services/|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=First Internet Bank |date=1999-02-22}}</ref>
=== Dot-com-era ===
Die laat 1990's en vroeë 2000's was 'n beduidende keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie, aangesien talle innovasies gedurende die [[dot-com-borrel|dot-com-hoogbloei]] ontstaan het. Een noemenswaardige ontwikkeling was die opkoms van aanlyn handelsplatforms, met [[E-Trade]], wat in 1982 gestig is, aan die voorpunt. In 1992 het E-Trade een van die eerste finansiëledienstemaatskappye geword wat aanlyn handel aan verbruikers aangebied het, wat die manier waarop individue met die [[aandelemark]] omgegaan het, omvorm het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=E*TRADE Financial Corporation History |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/e-trade-morgan-stanley/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes}}</ref>
Nog 'n deurslaggewende oomblik was die stigting van [[PayPal]] in 1998. PayPal se sukses met die skep van 'n veilige en gebruikersvriendelike aanlyn betaalstelsel het die lewensvatbaarheid van digitale betaaloplossings gedemonstreer en die weg gebaan vir talle daaropvolgende finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tripsas |first1=Mary |date=2009 |title=Technology, Identity, and Inertia Through the Lens of "The Digital Photography Company" |journal=Organization Science |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=441–460 |doi=10.1287/orsc.1080.0419 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1270568_code698198.pdf?abstractid=1270568&mirid=1&type=2 }}; {{Cite book |last1=Vartanian |first1=Thomas P. |last2=Ledig |first2=Robert H. |last3=Bruneau |first3=Lynn |date=1998 |title=21st Century Money, Banking & Commerce |publisher=Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP |isbn=978-0-9663317-3-8}}</ref>
Die vroeë 2000's het ook die opkoms van innoverende sakemodelle in die finansiëledienstebedryf gesien. WebBank, wat in 1997 gestig is, het in 2005 begin om 'n "huur-'n-oktrooi"-model (''rent-a-charter'') aan te bied, wat die nodige bankinfrastruktuur en regulatoriese nakoming verskaf het sodat finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings bankdienste kon aanbied sonder om hul eie oktrooie te bekom. Hierdie model sou later van kardinale belang blyk te wees om die groei van talle finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye moontlik te maak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Rent-a-Charter: Examining New Risks Behind Bank-Fintech Partnerships |url=https://sites.duke.edu/thefinregblog/2020/01/23/the-rise-of-rent-a-charter-examining-new-risks-behind-bank-fintech-partnerships/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The FinReg Blog |publisher=Duke University School of Law |date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
=== Ná die finansiële krisis van 2008 ===
Die [[finansiële krisis van 2008]] het as katalisator vir die vinnige groei van die finansiëletegnologiebedryf gedien, aangesien dalende vertroue in tradisionele finansiële instellings geleenthede vir innoverende, tegnologiegedrewe oplossings geskep het. Die vroeë dae van die na-krisis-era het die opkoms van digitale geldeenhede gesien, met [[e-Gold]] as 'n voorloper van die ontwikkeling van [[Bitcoin]]. Hoewel e-Gold, wat gebruikers toegelaat het om rekenings in gram goud te skep en onmiddellike oordragte moontlik gemaak het, uiteindelik regsuitdagings en sluiting in die gesig gestaar het, het dit die grondslag vir toekomstige digitale geldeenhede gelê.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Bullion and Bandits: The Improbable Rise and Fall of E-Gold|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/06/e-gold/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Wired Magazine |last1=Zetter |first1=Kim }}</ref>
Die uitvinding van Bitcoin in 2008 deur 'n anonieme skepper wat die skuilnaam [[Satoshi Nakamoto]] gebruik het, was 'n keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van digitale geldeenhede en [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]]. Bitcoin se gebruik van [[blokketting]]tegnologie het 'n golf van ontwikkeling op die gebied van [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] ontketen en nuwe moontlikhede vir veilige, deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels geopen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System|url=https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf|author=Nakamoto, Satoshi|date=2008-10-31|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Namate die finansiëletegnologielandskap verder ontwikkel het, het nuwe betalingsverwerkingsmaatskappye die mark betree wat ontwikkelaarsvriendelike [[Toepassingsprogrammeringskoppelvlak|API's]] aangebied het wat aanlyn betalingsintegrasie dramaties vereenvoudig het. Deur die toetredingsdrempels vir [[e-handel]] en aanlyn finansiële dienste te verlaag, het hierdie maatskappye 'n deurslaggewende rol gespeel om die groei van nuwe finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings moontlik te maak en innovasie in die sektor aan te dryf.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chiu |first1=Iris H-Y |date=2017 |title=A new era in fintech payment innovations? A perspective from the institutions and regulation of payment systems |journal=Law, Innovation and Technology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=190–234 |doi=10.1080/17579961.2017.1377912|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1553175/ }}</ref>
Die vennootbankmodel, wat in die vroeë 2000's ontstaan het, het in die na-krisis-era beduidende momentum gekry. Hierdie model het verder uitgebrei as sy aanvanklike "huur-'n-oktrooi"-konsep en het in meer omvattende vennootskappe tussen tradisionele banke en finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye ontwikkel. Hierdie samewerkings het vinnige innovasie en marktoetrede moontlik gemaak, aangesien finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye die regulatoriese nakoming en infrastruktuur van gevestigde banke benut het terwyl hulle hul eie tegnologiese kundigheid en kliëntgesentreerde benaderings ingebring het. Dit het die groei van die finansiëletegnologiesektor verder versnel en die verspreiding van digitaal-eerste finansiële dienste moontlik gemaak.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Drasch |first1=Benedict J. |last2=Schweizer |first2=André |last3=Urbach |first3=Nils |date=2018 |title=Integrating the 'Troublemakers': A taxonomy for cooperation between banks and fintechs |journal=Journal of Economics and Business |volume=100 |pages=26–42 |doi=10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.04.002|url=https://www.fim-rc.de/Paperbibliothek/Veroeffentlicht/575/wi-575.pdf }}</ref> Die verrypking van hierdie model het die weg gebaan vir die opkoms van [[neobank]]e, wat tradisionele bankparadigmas uitgedaag het deur volkome digitale ervarings aan te bied en kliënteverwagtinge in die banksektor herdefinieer het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Banking as a Service |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/banking-needs-a-new-business-model-heres-a-blueprint-for-the-future |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=McKinsey & Company }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Die toenemende gebruik van [[slimfoon]]s het die ontwikkeling van mobiel-eerste finansiëletegnologie-oplossings aangedryf. Square se bekendstelling van 'n mobiele kaartleser in 2009 het klein ondernemings in staat gestel om [[kredietkaart]]betalings met slimfone te aanvaar, wat toegang tot betalingsverwerking gedemokratiseer het en die transformerende potensiaal van mobiele tegnologie in die finansiëledienstebedryf beklemtoon het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Yufei |last2=Zhu |first2=Huiming |last3=Li |first3=Zhenhua |last4=Jiang |first4=Zhibin |date=2021 |title=Mobile Payment in China: Practice and Its Effects |journal=Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=56–69 |doi=10.24294/jipd.v5i1.1237|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
Die ontwikkeling van mobiele betaalstelsels het voortgeduur met die bekendstelling van [[Google Wallet]] in 2011 en [[Apple Pay]] in 2014, wat mobiele betalings verder gewild gemaak het en die groeiende verbruikersvraag na gerieflike, veilige en gebruikersvriendelike betaaloplossings gedemonstreer het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dahlberg |first1=Tomi |last2=Guo /|first2=Jie |last3=Ondrus |first3=Jan |date=2015 |title=A critical review of mobile payment research |journal=Electronic Commerce Research and Applications |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=265–284 |doi=10.1016/j.elerap.2015.07.006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Reuver |first1=Mark |last2=Ondrus |first2=Jan |last3=Bouwman |first3=Harry |author-link3=Harry Bouwman |date=2015 |title=Mobile payment systems: adoption patterns in different countries |journal=International Journal of Electronic Business |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=328–348 |doi=10.1504/IJEB.2015.071386}}</ref>
Hierdie tydperk het ook die opkoms van eweknie-tot-eweknie- (P2P) [[Patentaansoek|betalingstoepassings]] gesien. Hierdie platforms het die manier waarop individue geld oorplaas, omvorm deur vinnige en maklike transaksies tussen gebruikers moontlik te maak. Deur vinnige, direkte oordragte via mobiele toestelle toe te laat, het P2P-betalingstoepassings die wrywing in persoonlike finansiële transaksies aansienlik verminder en dit eenvoudiger gemaak vir mense om rekenings te verdeel, koste te deel of geld aan vriende en familie te stuur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Story of Venmo |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/03/12/the-story-of-venmo/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes |date=2018-03-12}}</ref>
=== Versnelde groei van digitale finansies ===
Die wêreldwye [[COVID-19-pandemie]], wat vroeg in 2020 begin het, het 'n diepgaande uitwerking op die finansiëletegnologiebedryf gehad, die aanvaarding van digitale finansiële dienste versnel en die belangrikheid van tegnologie in die versekering van die veerkragtigheid en toeganklikheid van finansiële stelsels beklemtoon. Namate inperkings en [[sosiale distansiëring]]smaatreëls ondernemings en verbruikers genoodsaak het om swaarder op digitale kanale staat te maak, het finansiëletegnologie-oplossings 'n toename in aanvraag beleef.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fu |first1=Jonathan |last2=Mishra |first2=Mrinal |date=2020 |title=The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Fintech Adoption |journal=Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper No. 20-38 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3588453|ssrn=3588453 }}</ref>
Mobiel-eerste finansiëletegnologietoepassings het gedurende hierdie tydperk ongekende groei beleef. Baie handelsplatforms het beduidende toenames in nuwe gebruikersrekenings aangemeld, met sommige wat miljoene nuwe befondsde rekenings in die vroeë maande van die pandemie bygevoeg het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robinhood Raises $280 Million in Series F Funding Led by Sequoia |url=https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2020/5/4/robinhood-raises-280-million-in-series-f-funding-led-by-sequoia |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Robinhood Blog |date=2020-05-04}}</ref> Net so het betalings- en geldoordragtoepassings aansienlike gebruikersgroei beleef, met sommige platforms wat hul maandelikse aktiewe gebruikers oor 'n tydperk van drie jaar meer as verdubbel het, wat op 'n massiewe verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste dui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Block Q4 2022 Shareholder Letter |url=https://s29.q4cdn.com/628966176/files/doc_financials/2022/q4/Block_Shareholder-Letter-4Q22.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Block Investor Relations |date=2023-02-23}}</ref>
Die gebeure van 2020 het ook die beperkings van tradisionele finansiële instellings blootgelê om in die behoeftes van verbruikers en ondernemings in tye van krisis te voorsien. Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye, met hul ratse en tegnologiegedrewe sakemodelle, was beter geposisioneer om te reageer op die uitdagings van die vinnig veranderende omgewing, en het innoverende oplossings vir afstandbankwese, kontaklose betalings en digitale lenings gebied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How COVID-19 has sped up digitalization for the banking sector |url=https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=EY |date=2020-11-17 |archive-date=24 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224005908/https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector }}</ref>
Gedurende hierdie tydperk het [[waagkapitaal]]waardasies vir finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye die hoogte ingeskiet, aangedryf deur lae rentekoerse en 'n bloeiende [[aandelemark]]. Die toename in finansiëletegnologiebeleggings is gekenmerk deur beduidende kapitaalinvloei, wat tot hoër waardasies en meer gereelde uittredings via [[aanvanklike openbare aanbod|AOA's]] en [[Spesiale-doel-verkrygingsmaatskappy|SPAC's]] gelei het. Verskeie prominente finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye het rekordbrekende waardasies behaal, wat die sektor se groei en beleggersvertroue verder onderstreep het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintechs: A New Paradigm of Growth |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/financial%20services/our%20insights/fintechs%20a%20new%20paradigm%20%20of%20growth/fintechs-a-new-paradigm-of-growth.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=McKinsey & Company |date=2021-04-14}}</ref>
Die verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste gedurende hierdie tydperk het ook die aanvaarding van blokkettingtegnologie en kriptogeldeenhede versnel. Namate [[sentrale bank]]e regoor die wêreld die moontlikheid ondersoek het om [[sentralebank-digitale geldeenheid|digitale geldeenhede]] uit te reik, het die belangstelling in [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]] en [[nie-vervangbare token]]s gegroei, wat nuwe weë vir innovasie in die finansiëletegnologiesektor geopen het.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=DeFi's Promise and Pitfalls |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666764923000280 |access-date=2024-07-20 |journal=FinTech |volume=3 |issue=2 |article-number=100028 |date=2023-04-01 |doi=10.1016/j.fin.2023.100028 |last=Schar |first=Fabian|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
=== Afrika ===
Die finansiëletegnologielandskap in Afrika is aan die groei, met aktiewe maatskappye wat 1 263 in 2024 bereik het, 'n beduidende toename vanaf 1 049 in 2022 en 450 in 2020.<ref name="unlock">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20240033-finance-in-africa |title=Finance in Africa: Unlocking Investment in an Era of Digital Transformation and Climate Transition |date=2024-11-07 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5767-7}}</ref> Nigerië lei die finansiëletegnologiesektor en verteenwoordig 28% van alle finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye op die vasteland, en huisves agt van Afrika se nege fintegeenhorings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Remains Africa's Fintech Powerhouse |url=https://furtherafrica.com/2025/08/25/nigeria-remains-africas-fintech-powerhouse/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Further Africa |date=2025-08-25}}</ref>
Teen vroeg 2025 was Nigerië die tuiste van meer as 430 fintegmaatskappye, 'n toename van 70% jaar-op-jaar, met finteg wat 72% van die land se totale aandelebefondsing verteenwoordig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria's Fintech Sector Surges 70% Despite Challenges |url=https://fintechnews.africa/44869/fintech-nigeria/nigerias-fintech-sector-surges-70-despite-challenges/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News Africa |date=2025-03-13}}</ref> Afrikaanse fintegbeginondernemings het in 2025 gesamentlik meer as VS$3 miljard aan bekendgemaakte befondsing ingesamel, 'n toename van 33% jaar-op-jaar, terwyl die sektor van vinnige skaalvergroting na volhoubare groei en winsgewendheid verskuif het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Fintechs Projected to Grow Profitably in 2026 |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202601080119.html |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=AllAfrica |date=2026-01-08}}</ref>
=== Midde-Ooste ===
Die [[Verenigde Arabiese Emirate]] het na vore getree as die voorste fintegsentrum in die streek van die [[Midde-Ooste en Noord-Afrika]] (MENA). Die VAE huisves ongeveer 'n kwart van alle fintegmaatskappye in die MENA-streek, ondersteun deur twee finansiële vryhandelsones met onafhanklike regulatoriese raamwerke: die [[Dubai International Financial Centre]] (DIFC), gereguleer deur die [[Dubai Financial Services Authority]] (DFSA), en die [[Abu Dhabi Global Market]] (ADGM), gereguleer deur die Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintech 2025 – UAE|url=https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/fintech-2025/uae/trends-and-developments |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Chambers and Partners |date=2025}}</ref> Teen 2025 het die DIFC gegroei tot meer as 1 500 finteg-, kunsmatige-intelligensie- en innovasiefirmas, wat negende geplaas het onder wêreldwye fintegsentrums volgens die Global Financial Centres Index, en eerste in die Midde-Ooste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 in Review: AI, Tokenization, Islamic Finance Dominate UAE Fintech Landscape |url=https://fintechnews.ae/29466/abudhabi/2025-in-review-ai-tokenization-islamic-finance-dominate-uae-fintech-landscape/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News UAE |date=2025-12-22}}</ref>
[[Israel]] huisves 'n gevestigde fintegsektor.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Anders as die VAE se vryhandelsone-model, het Israel 'n statutêre regulatoriese sandput-model nagestreef, wat deur 'n interministeriële span voorgestel is en in die 2021-wetsontwerp vir die Aanmoediging van Tegnologiese Ontwikkeling op die Finansiële Gebied uiteengesit is.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Die voorgestelde raamwerk, wat vanaf 2025 steeds op die wetsontwerpstadium bly, word geadministreer deur 'n komitee van die land se vernaamste finansiële reguleerders (die [[Ministerie van Finansies (Israel)|Ministerie van Finansies]], die [[Bank van Israel]], die Kapitaalmark-, Versekerings- en Spaargesag, die Israelse Effektegesag, en die owerheid vir die bekamping van geldwassery), wat bedoel is om as 'n gekoördineerde toegangspunt vir deelnemende firmas te dien.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cahane |first1=Amir |last2=Sierra |first2=Michael |date=Januarie 2025|title=Nascent regulatory sandbox frameworks for AI in Israel |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/nascent-regulatory-sandbox-frameworks-for-ai-in-israel/C9E5B9630A678D809BDA109AE018881A |journal=Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance |language=en |volume=1 |article-number=e40 |doi=10.1017/cfl.2025.10032 |issn=3033-3733}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Plato-Shinar |first=Ruth |date=2021 |title=Thinking Outside the Box: The New Regulatory Sandbox Regime in Israel |journal=Banking & Finance L. Rev. |volume=36 |issue=3 |ssrn=3829880 }}</ref>
== 2020's ==
Die 2020's het 'n nuwe fase in finansiële tegnologie ingelui, gekenmerk deur die hoofstroomaanvaarding van kunsmatige intelligensie regoor finansiële dienste. Vanaf 2023 is generatiewe KI-hulpmiddels deur banke, betalingsverwerkers en beleggingsplatforms aangeneem om kliëntediens, kredietbesluitneming, bedrogopsporing en portefeuljebestuur te outomatiseer.
Die vinnige integrasie van KI in finansiële infrastruktuur het ook regulatoriese aandag getrek. In Mei 2026 het die [[Internasionale Monetêre Fonds]] gewaarsku dat KI-aangedrewe kuberaanvalle sistemiese risiko's vir wêreldwye finansiële stabiliteit inhou, en opgemerk dat gevorderde modelle die tyd en koste wat nodig is om kwesbaarhede regoor onderling gekoppelde bankstelsels te identifiseer en uit te buit, dramaties kan verminder, terwyl uiterste kubervoorvalle finansieringsdruk kan veroorsaak en breër markte kan ontwrig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Risks Mount as Artificial Intelligence Fuels Cyberattacks|url=https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2026/05/07/financial-stability-risks-mount-as-artificial-intelligence-fuels-cyberattacks|website=International Monetary Fund|date=2026-05-07|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die [[Federale Reserwe]] se Finansiële Stabiliteitsverslag van die lente van 2026 het bevind dat 50% van markkontakte KI as 'n potensiële sistemiese skok vir finansiële markte geïdentifiseer het, teenoor 9% die vorige jaar, wat 'n meer as vyfvoudige toename in waargenome KI-verwante sistemiese risiko oor twaalf maande verteenwoordig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Report, May 2026|url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/financial-stability-report20260508.pdf|website=Federal Reserve|date=2026-05-08|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die dekade het ook beduidende finteguitbreiding in ontluikende markte gesien. In Afrika het aktiewe fintegmaatskappye 1 263 in 2024 bereik, teenoor 450 in 2020, met Nigerië wat 28% van alle maatskappye op die vasteland verteenwoordig. In die [[Golfsamewerkingsraad|GSR]] het regulatoriese sandputte wat deur die [[Dubai Financial Services Authority]] en [[Abu Dhabi Global Market]] gevestig is, finteglisensiëring versnel en 'n nuwe generasie digitale beleggingsplatforms in staat gestel om kleinhandelbeleggers regoor die streek te bereik.
== Bedryfslandskap ==
Die finansiëletegnologiebedryf sluit 'n uiteenlopende reeks finansiële dienste en tegnologieë in wat in verskeie kernareas gekategoriseer kan word. Baie maatskappye is oor meerdere areas heen aktief of skep nuwe nisse wat hierdie onderskeide vervaag.
{| class="wikitable"
! Kategorie
! Besonderhede
|-
| Bankwese en persoonlike finansies
| Digitale bankplatforms en neobanke wat gebruikersvriendelike koppelvlakke, uitgawesnasporing, finansiële beplanning en geïntegreerde persoonlike finansiële bestuurshulpmiddels bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hornuf|first1=Lars|last2=Klus|first2=Milan F.|last3=Lohwasser|first3=Todor S.|last4=Schwienbacher|first4=Armin|title=How do banks interact with fintech startups?|journal=Small Business Economics|year=2021|volume=57|issue=3|pages=1505–1526|doi=10.1007/s11187-020-00359-3|doi-access=free|hdl=10419/289149|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Betalings, fakture, oorbetalings en transaksies
| Digitale betaaloplossings, faktuurstelsels, eweknie-tot-eweknie-oordragte, internasionale oorbetalings, betaalstaatdienste, invorderings, en korporatiewe kaart- en uitgawebestuurstelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gomber|first1=Peter|last2=Koch|first2=Jascha-Alexander|last3=Siering|first3=Michael|title=Digital Finance and FinTech: Current research and future research directions|journal=Journal of Business Economics|year=2017|volume=87|issue=5|pages=537–580|doi=10.1007/s11573-017-0852-x}}</ref>
|-
| Lenings en krediet
| Eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms, [[Koop nou, betaal later|BNPL]], aanlyn persoonlike lenings en finansiering vir klein ondernemings, wat dikwels alternatiewe data en masjienleer vir kredietbeoordeling gebruik.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jagtiani|first1=Julapa|last2=Lemieux|first2=Catharine|title=The roles of alternative data and machine learning in fintech lending: Evidence from the LendingClub consumer platform|journal=Financial Management|year=2019|volume=48|issue=4|pages=1009–1029|doi=10.1111/fima.12295}}</ref>
|-
| Belegging en vermoënsbestuur
| Robo-adviseurs (vermoënsbestuursdienste wat algoritmes gebruik vir outomatiese beleggingsadvies en digitale portefeuljebestuur<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=Dominik|last2=Dorner|first2=Verena|last3=Weinhardt|first3=Christof|last4=Pusmaz|first4=Hakan|title=Designing a robo-advisor for risk-averse, low-budget consumers|journal=Electronic Markets|year=2018|volume=28|issue=3|pages=367–380|doi=10.1007/s12525-017-0279-9}}</ref>), aanlyn makelaars en [[Doen-dit-self-belegging|selfgerigte beleggingsplatforms]].
|-
| Kapitaalmarkte en batebestuur
| Algoritmiese handelsplatforms, markdata-ontleding en portefeulje-optimaliseringshulpmiddels vir institusionele handel en batebestuur.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kirilenko|first1=Andrei A.|last2=Lo|first2=Andrew W.|title=Moore's Law versus Murphy's Law: Algorithmic Trading and Its Discontents|journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives|year=2013|volume=27|issue=2|pages=51–72|doi=10.1257/jep.27.2.51|doi-access=free |hdl=1721.1/87768|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Insurtech en proptech
| Tegnologietoepassings in versekering en eiendom, wat gepersonaliseerde polisse, vaartbelynde eisprosesse en innoverende eiendomsbestuursoplossings bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Eling|first1=Martin|last2=Lehmann|first2=Martin|title=The impact of digitalization on the insurance value chain and the insurability of risks|journal=The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice|year=2018|volume=43|issue=3|pages=359–396|doi=10.1057/s41288-017-0073-0}}</ref>
|-
| [[Blokketting]], [[Kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] en [[Gedesentraliseerde finansies|DeFi]]
| Blokketting-gebaseerde tegnologieë wat kriptogeldeenhede en platforms vir gedesentraliseerde finansies (DeFi) moontlik maak vir meer deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Yan|last2=Bellavitis|first2=Cristiano|title=Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models|journal=Journal of Business Venturing Insights|year=2020|volume=13|article-number=e00151|doi=10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00151}}</ref>
|-
| Regtech, nakoming en sekuriteit
| Regulatoriese tegnologie-oplossings vir monitering, verslagdoening, nakoming, bedrogopsporing en kuberveiligheid in die finansiële sektor.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Arner|first1=Douglas W.|last2=Barberis|first2=Jànos|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley|title=FinTech, RegTech, and the reconceptualization of financial regulation|journal=Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business|year=2016|volume=37|issue=3|pages=371–413|url=https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njilb/vol37/iss3/2/}}</ref>
|-
| Infrastruktuur
| [[Kernbankwese|Kernbankstelsels]], finansiële data-samevoegingsdienste, oopbankwese-API's, Bankwese-as-'n-Diens- (BaaS) platforms, en gevorderde data-ontledingshulpmiddels wat die hele finansiëletegnologie-ekosisteem ondersteun.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Omarini|first1=Anna|title=Banks and Fintechs: How to Develop a Digital Open Banking Approach for the Bank's Future|journal=International Business Research|year=2018|volume=11|issue=9|pages=23–36|doi=10.5539/ibr.v11n9p23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zetzsche|first1=Dirk A.|last2=Arner|first2=Douglas W.|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P.|last4=Weber|first4=Rolf H.|title=The Future of Data-Driven Finance and RegTech: Lessons from EU Big Bang II|journal=Stanford Journal of Law, Business & Finance|year=2019|volume=25|issue=2|pages=245–288|ssrn=3359399 }}</ref>
|}
== Inkomstemodelle ==
Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye gebruik verskeie inkomstemodelle en kombineer dikwels meerdere benaderings om inkomstestrome te diversifiseer.
Transaksiefooie vorm 'n primêre inkomstebron vir baie finansiëletegnologie-ondernemings, veral betalingsverwerkers en kriptogeldeenheidbeurse. Hierdie maatskappye hef tipies 'n persentasie van elke verwerkte transaksie. Sommige maatskappye het hierdie model uitgebrei om premiefooie vir dienste soos onmiddellike uitbetalings in te sluit, wat handelaars bedien wat onmiddellike toegang tot fondse benodig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement |url=https://s201.q4cdn.com/231198771/files/doc_financials/2024/ar/PayPal-Holdings-Inc-Combined-2024-Proxy-Statement-and-2023-Annual-Report.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Paypal Investor Report }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coinbase Shareholder Letter First Quarter 2024 |url=https://s27.q4cdn.com/397450999/files/doc_financials/2024/05/Shareholder-Letter-Q1-2024.pdf|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Coinbase Investor Report}}</ref> [[Uitruilfooi]]e verteenwoordig nog 'n beduidende inkomstestroom, veral vir firmas wat betaalkaarte aanbied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merchant Indifference Test Application |url=https://www.bundesbank.de/resource/blob/634960/f74645a59a2ada2d858a3c91ee2508df/mL/2014-09-16-merchant-indifference-test-application-data.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=bundesbank}}</ref>
[[Lêer:Gao-report-on-interchange.gif|duimnael|regs|250px|GAO-verslagbeeld wat uitruilfooie verduidelik]]
Intekening- en [[freemium]]-modelle stel maatskappye in staat om basiese dienste gratis aan te bied terwyl hulle vir gevorderde kenmerke of premievlakke hef.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolut 2023 Annual Report |url=https://cdn.revolut.com/pdf/annualreport2023.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Revolut}}</ref> Hierdie benadering is algemeen onder digitale banke en finansiële bestuursplatforms. In die besigheid-tot-besigheid- (B2B) sektor is gebruiksgebaseerde prysbepaling algemeen, veral vir API-dienste. Verskaffers van finansiëletegnologie-infrastruktuur hef dikwels op grond van die volume API-oproepe of transaksies wat verwerk word, wat ander ondernemings in staat stel om toegang tot gespesialiseerde finansiële dienste te verkry sonder om dit intern te ontwikkel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revenue Opportunities Created By Open APIs |url=https://www.fisglobal.com/-/media/fisglobal/files/pdf/white-paper/realizing-revenue-opportunities-with-open-apis.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=fisglobal}}</ref>
Rentegebaseerde inkomste is van kardinale belang vir baie finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye, veral in die bank- en leningsektore. Digitale banke en beleggingsplatforms verdien tipies rente op kliëntedeposito's en kontantsaldo's. Leningsplatforms kombineer dikwels rente-inkomste met leningsverkope, deur gedeeltes van hul leningsportefeuljes aan ander instellings of beleggers te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LendingClub Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Results |url=https://ir.lendingclub.com/news/news-details/2023/LendingClub-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2022-Results/default.aspx |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=LendingClub Investor Relations |date=2023-01-25}}</ref>
Datagedrewe inkomstemodelle, hoewel potensieel winsgewend, het toenemende ondersoek en regulering in die gesig gestaar. Sommige firmas is by datamonetisering betrokke deur saamgevoegde of geanonimiseerde gebruikersdata aan derde partye te verkoop. Hierdie praktyk het egter privaatheidskwessies en regulatoriese uitdagings laat ontstaan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawmakers Call for Investigation of Fintech Company Yodlee's Data Selling |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lawmakers-call-for-investigation-of-fintech-firm-yodlees-data-selling-11579269600 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=WSJ |date=2020-01-17}}</ref> 'n Minder omstrede benadering behels die benutting van gebruikersdata vir geteikende advertensies en loodgenerering, waar inkomste deur produkaanbevelings en verwysingsfooie verdien word terwyl gratis dienste aan gebruikers verskaf word.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intuit Investor Dat 2023 |url=https://investors.intuit.com/_assets/_85ab9fac85f2c84ae8711d96ca5b2870/intuit/db/923/9393/pdf/Intuit-Investor-Day-2023_E2E-PRINT-Deck_092723-1.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Intuit}}</ref>
Sommige inkomstemodelle, soos betaling vir bestellingsvloei (PFOF) wat deur sekere makelaarsfirmas gebruik word, beweeg in 'n regulatoriese grys gebied. Hoewel PFOF kommissievrye transaksies moontlik maak, wat moontlik kleinhandelbeleggers bevoordeel, is dit onder die soeklig weens kommer oor belangebotsings en beste-uitvoeringspraktyke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEC Charges Robinhood Financial With Misleading Customers About Revenue Sources and Failing to Satisfy Duty of Best Execution |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-321 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SEC.gov |date=2020-12-17}}</ref>
== Infrastruktuur ==
Moderne finansiële tegnologie berus op 'n gedeelde laag van tegniese infrastruktuur wat toepassings, banke en [[Derdeparty|derdepartyverskaffers]] in staat stel om data veilig uit te ruil en transaksies te inisieer. Sentraal tot hierdie infrastruktuur is gestandaardiseerde toepassingsprogrammeringskoppelvlakke (API's), wat sagtewarestelsels toelaat om met mekaar te kommunikeer sonder om die onderliggende kode of data direk bloot te stel. Die sekuriteit van hierdie integrasies word bepaal deur protokolle soos [[OAuth 2.0]] en [[OpenID]] Connect, en in finansiële dienste spesifiek deur die Financial-grade API- (FAPI) standaard — 'n sekuriteitsprofiel wat deur die OpenID Foundation ontwikkel is en wat definieer hoe API's wat sensitiewe finansiële data hanteer, kliënte moet verifieer, toestemming moet bestuur en die onweerlegbaarheid van transaksies moet verseker.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAPI Working Group |url=https://openid.net/wg/fapi/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=OpenID Foundation}}</ref>
[[Oopbankwese]] verteenwoordig die mees beduidende regulatoriese formalisering van hierdie API-infrastruktuur tot op hede. Onder oopbankwese-raamwerke word banke verplig om kliënterekeningdata en betalingsdienste via gestandaardiseerde API's aan gemagtigde derde partye beskikbaar te stel, onderhewig aan uitdruklike kliëntetoestemming. Die model is eerste op groot skaal verplig deur die [[Europese Unie]] se hersiene Betalingsdiensterigtlyn ([[Betalingsdiensterigtlyn|PSD2]]) in 2018 en die VK se [[Open Banking Standard]], wat ná 'n uitspraak van die Competition and Markets Authority in 2016 gevestig is.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025 |title=OBL Impact Report 7 |url=https://www.openbanking.org.uk/insights/obl-impact-report-7-open-banking-delivers-real-world-impact-as-adoption-accelerates-year-on-year/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Open Banking Limited}}</ref> Vergelykbare raamwerke is sedertdien wêreldwyd aangeneem, insluitend die Financial Data Exchange- (FDX) standaard in die Verenigde State en die Consumer Data Right (CDR) in Australië, hoewel hierdie verskil ten opsigte van terminologie, tegniese standaarde en implementeringsmodel.<ref>{{cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=The Anatomy of a Thriving Open Banking Ecosystem |url=https://ozoneapi.com/blog/the-anatomy-of-a-thriving-open-banking-ecosystem/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Ozone API}}</ref> Teen 2024 is die wêreldwye oopbankwesemark op ongeveer $31,6 miljard gewaardeer en dit sal na verwagting teen 2030 $135 miljard bereik.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Banking Market Size & Share |url=https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/open-banking-systems-market |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Grand View Research}}</ref>
== Kontroversies ==
Namate finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye poog om tradisionele [[finansiële dienste]] te ontwrig, is sommige gekritiseer omdat hulle groei bo [[regulatoriese nakoming|nakoming]], sekuriteit en [[verbruikersbeskerming]] gestel het.
In 'n noemenswaardige kontroversie het die [[kriptogeldeenheidbeurs]] [[FTX]] in November 2022 ineengestort te midde van beskuldigings van misleidende praktyke, onbehoorlike hantering van kliëntebates en onvoldoende risikobeheer.<ref>{{cite news|first=MacKenzie|last=Sigalos|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/15/how-sam-bankman-frieds-ftx-alameda-empire-vanished-overnight.html|title=How Sam Bankman-Fried's crypto empire vanished overnight|date=2022-11-11|work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref>
[[Sam Bankman-Fried]], FTX se stigter en uitvoerende hoof, is later skuldig bevind aan bedrog per elektroniese kommunikasie (''wire fraud''), [[sameswering]] en [[geldwassery]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=David|last1=Yaffe-Bellany|first2=Matthew|last2=Goldstein|first3=J. Edward|last3=Moreno|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|title=Sam Bankman-Fried Is Found Guilty of 7 Counts of Fraud and Conspiracy|date=2022-12-13|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202030700/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|archive-date=2023-12-02}}</ref>
== Verwysings en aantekeninge ==
{{Reflist|35em}}
== Verdere leesstof ==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Teigland |editor1-first=R. |editor2-last=Siri |editor2-first=S.
|editor3-last=Larsson |editor3-first=A. |editor4-last=Puertas |editor4-first=A. M. |editor5-last=Bogusz |editor5-first=C. I. |title=The Rise and Development of FinTech (Open Access): Accounts of Disruption from Sweden and Beyond |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-8153-7850-1 |ref=none}}
* {{cite journal |first=Johannes |last=Treu |title=The Fintech Sensation – What is it about? |journal=Journal of International Business and Management |volume=5 |issue=1 |year=2022 |pages=1–19 |url=https://rpajournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/JIBM-2021-11-2094.pdf |access-date=2023-02-23|doi=10.37227/JIBM-2021-11-2094|issn=2616-5163|ref=none}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Finansiële dienste]]
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{{Kort beskrywing|Deelversameling van tegnologieë wat in finansies gebruik word}}
[[Lêer:Luchtfoto van Lower Manhattan.jpg|duimnael|263px|[[New York-stad]], die wêreld se vernaamste finteg- en [[finansiële sentrum]]<ref name=NewYorkFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld>{{cite web |url = https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-37-explore-the-data/gfci-37-rank/|title = The Global Financial Centres Index 37|publisher = Long Finance|access-date = 2 Junie 2025}}</ref>]]
'''Finansiële tegnologie''' (afgekort as '''finteg'''<ref name="Netwerk24, g.d.">{{Cite web| last = Delport| first = Dennis| title = ANC dien strafregtelike klagte teen DA se Burke in| work = [[Netwerk24]] | access-date = 2026-08-21| url = https://www.netwerk24.com/nuus/politiek/anc-dien-strafregtelike-klagte-teen-da-se-burke-in-20260821-0510}}</ref>) verwys na die toepassing van nuwe tegnologieë op produkte en dienste in die [[finansiële bedryf]]. Hierdie breë term omvat 'n wye verskeidenheid tegnologiese hulpmiddels in finansiële dienste, insluitend [[mobiele bankdienste]], aanlyn leningsplatforms, digitale betaalstelsels, [[robo-adviseur]]s en [[blokketting]]-gebaseerde toepassings soos [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schindler |first=John W. |date=2017 |title=FinTech and Financial Innovation: Drivers and Depth |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2017081pap.pdf |journal=Finance and Economics Discussion Series |volume=2017 |issue=81 |doi=10.17016/FEDS.2017.081 |issn=1936-2854}}</ref> Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye sluit sowel [[beginonderneming]]s as gevestigde tegnologie- en finansiële firmas in wat daarop gemik is om tradisionele finansiële dienste te verbeter, aan te vul of te vervang.
== Ontwikkeling ==
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie strek oor meer as 'n eeu en word gekenmerk deur beduidende tegnologiese innovasies wat die finansiële bedryf hervorm het. Hoewel die toepassing van tegnologie op finansies diep historiese wortels het, het die term "finansiële tegnologie" in die laat 20ste eeu ontstaan en in die 1990's bekendheid verwerf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967">{{Cite news |title=Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/434041835/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |work=The Boston Globe |date=1967-08-27 |page=116}}</ref>
Die vroegste gedokumenteerde gebruik van die term dateer terug na 1967, toe dit in 'n artikel in ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' met die titel "Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money" verskyn het. Hierdie berig het gehandel oor 'n beginbeleggingsmaatskappy wat deur voormalige uitvoerende beamptes van die [[Computer Control Company]] gestig is, met die doel om waagkapitaal en bedryfskundigheid aan beginondernemings in die finansiëletegnologiebedryf te verskaf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967" />
Die term het egter eers in die vroeë 1990's gewild geword toe Citicorp se voorsitter John Reed dit gebruik het om die Financial Services Technology Consortium te beskryf. Hierdie projek, wat deur [[Citigroup]] geïnisieer is, is ontwerp om tegnologiese samewerking in die finansiële sektor te bevorder en was 'n keerpunt in die bedryf se gesamentlike benadering tot innovasie.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal">{{Cite journal |last1=Arner |first1=Douglas W. |last2=Barberis |first2=Jànos |last3=Buckley |first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley |date=2016 |title=The Evolution of Fintech: A New Post-Crisis Paradigm? |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Law |volume=47 |pages=1271–1319 |ssrn=2676553 |issn=1550-5200 }}</ref>
Die finansiëletegnologie-ekosisteem sluit verskeie soorte maatskappye in. Hoewel beginondernemings wat nuwe finansiële tegnologieë of dienste ontwikkel dikwels met finansiële tegnologie geassosieer word, omvat die sektor ook gevestigde tegnologiemaatskappye wat na finansiële dienste uitbrei, sowel as tradisionele [[finansiële instelling]]s wat nuwe tegnologieë aanneem. Hierdie uiteenlopende landskap het tot innovasies in verskeie finansiële sektore gelei, insluitend [[bankwese]], [[versekering]], [[belegging]] en [[betaalstelsel]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=In|last2=Shin|first2=Yong Jae|title=Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges|journal=Business Horizons|year=2018|volume=61|issue=1|pages=35–46|doi=10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003}}</ref>
Finansiëletegnologietoepassings strek oor 'n wye verskeidenheid finansiële dienste. Dit sluit [[digitale bankwese]], [[mobiele betaling]]s en [[digitale beursie]]s, [[eweknie-tot-eweknie-lening|eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms]], [[robo-adviseur]]s en [[algoritmiese handel]], [[insurtech]], [[blokketting]] en [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]], [[regulatoriese tegnologie]] en [[skarefinansiering|skarefinansieringsplatforms]] in.
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie behels dikwels die oorvleueling van telekommunikasie-ingenieurswese met finansies. Byvoorbeeld, vroeë eksperimentering met [[Nabyveldkommunikasie|NFC]]-betalingstandaarde in die 2010's het sommige ontwikkelaars daartoe gelei om verspreide grootboeke as 'n agterkant vir skaalbare mobiele betalings te verken, in 'n poging om die deurset-beperkings van tradisionele bankinfrastruktuur op te los sonder om op gesentraliseerde tussengangers staat te maak.<ref>{{cite news |last=Olson |first=Parmy |title=This Hermetic Engineer Is Plotting The Death Of Blockchain |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2019/01/09/this-hermetic-engineer-is-plotting-the-death-of-blockchain/ |newspaper=Forbes |date=9 Januarie 2019 |access-date=28 Desember 2025}}</ref>
=== Uitwerking op finansiële insluiting ===
Daar is toenemende empiriese bewyse dat finteginnovasies, veral digitale betaalstelsels, [[mobiele geld]] en aanlyn finansiële platforms, beduidend tot finansiële insluiting bydra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why financial inclusion is the key to a thriving economy |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208214438/https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-date=2025-12-08 |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Fintech Impacts Financial Inclusion |url=https://www.phoenix.edu/articles/finance/fintech-impact-on-financial-inclusion.html |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=University of Phoenix |language=en}}</ref> 'n Sistematiese oorsig van 2025 het bevind dat sulke tegnologieë toegang tot finansiële dienste in ontwikkelende en onderbediende gemeenskappe verbeter deur hindernisse tot bankwese te verminder en veilige, bekostigbare transaksies moontlik te maak.<ref>{{cite journal
|last1=Shahen
|first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud
|last2=Sharaf
|first2=Mesbah Fathy
|title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review
|journal=FinTech
|volume=4
|issue=4
|year=2025
|pages=59
|doi=10.3390/fintech4040059
|doi-access=free
}}</ref>
Ten spyte van die algeheel positiewe uitwerking op finansiële insluiting, kan digitale finansiële dienste mense uitsluit wat beperkte internettoegang, lae digitale of finansiële geletterdheid, of minder vertroue in die gebruik van aanlyn dienste het. Dit wek ook verbruikersbeskermingskwessies rondom bedrog, [[kuberveiligheid]] en dataprivaatheid.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-07 |title=Supporting informed and safe use of digital payments through digital financial literacy: Full Report |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/supporting-informed-and-safe-use-of-digital-payments-through-digital-financial-literacy_21de47d1-en/full-report.html |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=OECD |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial Inclusion {{!}} World Bank Group |url=https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/topic/financial-sector/financial-inclusion |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref>
== Geskiedenis ==
=== Grondslae ===
Die laat 19de eeu het die grondslag gelê vir vroeë finansiële tegnologie met die ontwikkeling van die [[telegraaf]] en [[Transatlantiese telegraafkabel|transatlantiese kabelstelsels]]. Hierdie innovasies het die oordrag van finansiële inligting oor grense heen verander en vinniger en doeltreffender kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings moontlik gemaak.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal" />
'n Belangrike mylpaal in elektroniese geldbeweging het gekom met die stigting van die [[Fedwire]] Funds Service deur die [[Federale Reserwebank]]e in 1918. Hierdie vroeë elektroniese fondsoordragstelsel het [[telegraaf]]lyne gebruik om veilige oordragte tussen lidbanke te fasiliteer, en was een van die eerste gevalle van elektroniese geldbeweging.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gilbert |first1=Adam M. |last2=Hunt |first2=Dara |last3=Winch |first3=Kenneth C. |title=Creating an Integrated Payment System: The Evolution of Fedwire |url=https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/epr/97v03n2/9707gilb.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=newyorkfed.org |date=1997}}</ref>
Die 1950's het 'n nuwe era van verbruikersfinansiële dienste ingelui. [[Diners Club International]] het in 1950 die eerste universele [[kredietkaart]] bekendgestel, 'n keerpunt wat verbruikersbesteding en krediet sou hervorm. Hierdie innovasie het die weg gebaan vir die bekendstelling van [[American Express]]-kaarte in 1958 en die BankAmericard (later Visa) in 1959, wat die kredietkaartbedryf verder uitgebrei het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=David S. |last2=Schmalensee |first2=Richard |author-link2=Richard L. Schmalensee |date=2005 |title=The Economics of Interchange Fees and Their Regulation: An Overview |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/18181/4548-05.pdf|journal=MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4548-05 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.744705}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stearns |first=David L. |date=2011 |title=Electronic Value Exchange: Origins of the VISA Electronic Payment System |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-84996-138-7}}</ref>
=== Digitale rewolusie ===
Die 1960's en 1970's het die begin gemerk van die verskuiwing van analoë na digitale finansies, met verskeie baanbrekende ontwikkelings wat die toekoms van finansiële tegnologie gevorm het.
In 1967 het [[Barclays]] die wêreld se eerste [[outotellermasjien|OTM]] in [[Londen]] bekendgestel, wat toegang tot kontant en basiese bankdienste uitgebrei het. Die OTM, wat deur [[verkoopmasjien]]s geïnspireer is, was 'n beduidende stap in die rigting van selfdiensbankwese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From the archives: the ATM is 50 |url=https://home.barclays/news/2017/06/from-the-archives-the-atm-is-50/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Barclays |date=2017-06-27}}</ref>
Finansiëletegnologie-infrastruktuur het verder ontwikkel met die stigting van die Inter-bank Computer Bureau in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] in 1968. Hierdie ontwikkeling het die grondslag gelê vir die land se eerste geoutomatiseerde [[verrekeningskamer]]stelsel, wat uiteindelik in [[BACS]] (Bankers' Automated Clearing Services) ontwikkel het om elektroniese fondsoordragte tussen banke te fasiliteer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Payment systems in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.bis.org/cpmi/paysys/unitedkingdomcomp.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=BIS}}</ref>
Die wêreld van [[effektehandel]] is in 1971 verander met die stigting van [[NASDAQ]], die wêreld se eerste digitale [[effektebeurs]]. NASDAQ se elektroniese noteringstelsel was 'n beduidende sprong vorentoe vanaf die tradisionele stelsel van [[oop uitroep]] wat op effektebeurse gebruik is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nasdaq: 50 Years of Market Innovation |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/nasdaq%3A-50-years-of-market-innovation-2021-02-11 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nasdaq}}</ref>
Twee jaar later het die stigting van [[SWIFT]] (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings wêreldwyd gestandaardiseer en beveilig. SWIFT se boodskapstelsel het die wêreldwye standaard vir internasionale geld- en effekte-oordragte geword.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=Susan V. |last2=Zachariadis |first2=Markos |date=2012-08-01 |title=Origins and development of SWIFT, 1973–2009 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |journal=Business History Review |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=461–502 |doi=10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |issn=0007-6791|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Die invoering van elektroniese fondsoordragstelsels, soos die [[Automated Clearing House|ACH]] (Automated Clearing House) in die [[Verenigde State]], het vinniger en doeltreffender geldoordragte moontlik gemaak. Die ACH-netwerk het [[direkte deposito]]'s, [[betaalstaat]]betalings en elektroniese rekeningbetalings moontlik gemaak, wat die behoefte aan [[tjek|papiertjeks]] aansienlik verminder het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the ACH Network |url=https://www.nacha.org/content/history-nacha-and-ach-network |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nacha}}</ref>
=== Opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste ===
[[Lêer:Bloomberg Terminal Museum.jpg|duimnael|263px|[[Bloomberg-terminaal]]museum in [[Manhattan]]]]
Die 1980's en 1990's was getuie van beduidende ontwikkelings in finansiële tegnologie, met die opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste en die vroeë stadiums van [[aanlyn bankwese]]. 'n Groot deurbraak het gekom toe [[Michael Bloomberg]] Innovative Market Systems (later [[Bloomberg L.P.]]) gestig en die [[Bloomberg-terminaal]] bekendgestel het. Hierdie innovasie het verander hoe finansiële professionele persone markdata verkry en ontleed het, deur intydse finansiële markdata, ontledings en nuus aan finansiële instellings wêreldwyd te verskaf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloomberg: The Early Years |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/company/stories/bloomberg-the-early-years/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref>
Aanlyn bankwese het in die vroeë 1980's ontstaan, toe die [[Bank of Scotland]] die eerste aanlyn bankdiens in die VK, genaamd Homelink, aangebied het. Hierdie diens het kliënte in staat gestel om state te bekyk, geld oor te plaas en rekenings te betaal met behulp van hul [[televisie]]s en [[telefoon]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Move Fast In Home Banking |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/02/business/british-move-fast-in-home-banking.html |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The New York Times |date=1984-01-02}}</ref>
Die laat 1980's het die ontwikkeling van [[Elektroniese data-uitruiling|EDI]]-standaarde (Electronic Data Interchange) gesien, wat ondernemings in staat gestel het om finansiële dokumente elektronies uit te ruil en [[Besigheid-tot-besigheid|B2B]]-transaksies (besigheid-tot-besigheid) te vereenvoudig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)? |url=https://www.sap.com/products/business-network/supply-chain-collaboration/what-is-edi.html|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SAP}}</ref>
'n Beduidende mylpaal in digitale verbruikersbankwese het in 1994 gekom toe die [[Stanford Federal Credit Union]] die eerste [[internetbankwese]]-webwerf bekendgestel het. Hierdie diens het lede aanvanklik in staat gestel om rekeningsaldo's aanlyn na te gaan, met rekeningbetalingsfunksionaliteit wat in 1997 bygevoeg is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford Federal Credit Union Pioneers Online Financial Services |url=https://app.articleonepartners.com/study/download?file_id=637 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=AOP Connect}}</ref> Dit was egter eers in 1999 dat die eerste staatsgeoktrooieerde, [[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation|FDIC]]-versekerde instelling wat hoofsaaklik aanlyn bedryf is, gestig is. First Internet Bank, gestig deur David Becker, het 'n nuwe era in aanlyn-alleen bankwese ingelui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Internet Bank Launches Real-Time Internet Banking Services |url=https://www.firstib.com/about-us/news-resources/press-news/first-internet-bank-launches-real-time-internet-banking-services/|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=First Internet Bank |date=1999-02-22}}</ref>
=== Dot-com-era ===
Die laat 1990's en vroeë 2000's was 'n beduidende keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie, aangesien talle innovasies gedurende die [[dot-com-borrel|dot-com-hoogbloei]] ontstaan het. Een noemenswaardige ontwikkeling was die opkoms van aanlyn handelsplatforms, met [[E-Trade]], wat in 1982 gestig is, aan die voorpunt. In 1992 het E-Trade een van die eerste finansiëledienstemaatskappye geword wat aanlyn handel aan verbruikers aangebied het, wat die manier waarop individue met die [[aandelemark]] omgegaan het, omvorm het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=E*TRADE Financial Corporation History |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/e-trade-morgan-stanley/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes}}</ref>
Nog 'n deurslaggewende oomblik was die stigting van [[PayPal]] in 1998. PayPal se sukses met die skep van 'n veilige en gebruikersvriendelike aanlyn betaalstelsel het die lewensvatbaarheid van digitale betaaloplossings gedemonstreer en die weg gebaan vir talle daaropvolgende finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tripsas |first1=Mary |date=2009 |title=Technology, Identity, and Inertia Through the Lens of "The Digital Photography Company" |journal=Organization Science |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=441–460 |doi=10.1287/orsc.1080.0419 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1270568_code698198.pdf?abstractid=1270568&mirid=1&type=2 }}; {{Cite book |last1=Vartanian |first1=Thomas P. |last2=Ledig |first2=Robert H. |last3=Bruneau |first3=Lynn |date=1998 |title=21st Century Money, Banking & Commerce |publisher=Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP |isbn=978-0-9663317-3-8}}</ref>
Die vroeë 2000's het ook die opkoms van innoverende sakemodelle in die finansiëledienstebedryf gesien. WebBank, wat in 1997 gestig is, het in 2005 begin om 'n "huur-'n-oktrooi"-model (''rent-a-charter'') aan te bied, wat die nodige bankinfrastruktuur en regulatoriese nakoming verskaf het sodat finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings bankdienste kon aanbied sonder om hul eie oktrooie te bekom. Hierdie model sou later van kardinale belang blyk te wees om die groei van talle finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye moontlik te maak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Rent-a-Charter: Examining New Risks Behind Bank-Fintech Partnerships |url=https://sites.duke.edu/thefinregblog/2020/01/23/the-rise-of-rent-a-charter-examining-new-risks-behind-bank-fintech-partnerships/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The FinReg Blog |publisher=Duke University School of Law |date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
=== Ná die finansiële krisis van 2008 ===
Die [[finansiële krisis van 2008]] het as katalisator vir die vinnige groei van die finansiëletegnologiebedryf gedien, aangesien dalende vertroue in tradisionele finansiële instellings geleenthede vir innoverende, tegnologiegedrewe oplossings geskep het. Die vroeë dae van die na-krisis-era het die opkoms van digitale geldeenhede gesien, met [[e-Gold]] as 'n voorloper van die ontwikkeling van [[Bitcoin]]. Hoewel e-Gold, wat gebruikers toegelaat het om rekenings in gram goud te skep en onmiddellike oordragte moontlik gemaak het, uiteindelik regsuitdagings en sluiting in die gesig gestaar het, het dit die grondslag vir toekomstige digitale geldeenhede gelê.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Bullion and Bandits: The Improbable Rise and Fall of E-Gold|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/06/e-gold/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Wired Magazine |last1=Zetter |first1=Kim }}</ref>
Die uitvinding van Bitcoin in 2008 deur 'n anonieme skepper wat die skuilnaam [[Satoshi Nakamoto]] gebruik het, was 'n keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van digitale geldeenhede en [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]]. Bitcoin se gebruik van [[blokketting]]tegnologie het 'n golf van ontwikkeling op die gebied van [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] ontketen en nuwe moontlikhede vir veilige, deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels geopen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System|url=https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf|author=Nakamoto, Satoshi|date=2008-10-31|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Namate die finansiëletegnologielandskap verder ontwikkel het, het nuwe betalingsverwerkingsmaatskappye die mark betree wat ontwikkelaarsvriendelike [[Toepassingsprogrammeringskoppelvlak|API's]] aangebied het wat aanlyn betalingsintegrasie dramaties vereenvoudig het. Deur die toetredingsdrempels vir [[e-handel]] en aanlyn finansiële dienste te verlaag, het hierdie maatskappye 'n deurslaggewende rol gespeel om die groei van nuwe finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings moontlik te maak en innovasie in die sektor aan te dryf.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chiu |first1=Iris H-Y |date=2017 |title=A new era in fintech payment innovations? A perspective from the institutions and regulation of payment systems |journal=Law, Innovation and Technology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=190–234 |doi=10.1080/17579961.2017.1377912|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1553175/ }}</ref>
Die vennootbankmodel, wat in die vroeë 2000's ontstaan het, het in die na-krisis-era beduidende momentum gekry. Hierdie model het verder uitgebrei as sy aanvanklike "huur-'n-oktrooi"-konsep en het in meer omvattende vennootskappe tussen tradisionele banke en finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye ontwikkel. Hierdie samewerkings het vinnige innovasie en marktoetrede moontlik gemaak, aangesien finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye die regulatoriese nakoming en infrastruktuur van gevestigde banke benut het terwyl hulle hul eie tegnologiese kundigheid en kliëntgesentreerde benaderings ingebring het. Dit het die groei van die finansiëletegnologiesektor verder versnel en die verspreiding van digitaal-eerste finansiële dienste moontlik gemaak.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Drasch |first1=Benedict J. |last2=Schweizer |first2=André |last3=Urbach |first3=Nils |date=2018 |title=Integrating the 'Troublemakers': A taxonomy for cooperation between banks and fintechs |journal=Journal of Economics and Business |volume=100 |pages=26–42 |doi=10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.04.002|url=https://www.fim-rc.de/Paperbibliothek/Veroeffentlicht/575/wi-575.pdf }}</ref> Die verrypking van hierdie model het die weg gebaan vir die opkoms van [[neobank]]e, wat tradisionele bankparadigmas uitgedaag het deur volkome digitale ervarings aan te bied en kliënteverwagtinge in die banksektor herdefinieer het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Banking as a Service |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/banking-needs-a-new-business-model-heres-a-blueprint-for-the-future |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=McKinsey & Company }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Die toenemende gebruik van [[slimfoon]]s het die ontwikkeling van mobiel-eerste finansiëletegnologie-oplossings aangedryf. Square se bekendstelling van 'n mobiele kaartleser in 2009 het klein ondernemings in staat gestel om [[kredietkaart]]betalings met slimfone te aanvaar, wat toegang tot betalingsverwerking gedemokratiseer het en die transformerende potensiaal van mobiele tegnologie in die finansiëledienstebedryf beklemtoon het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Yufei |last2=Zhu |first2=Huiming |last3=Li |first3=Zhenhua |last4=Jiang |first4=Zhibin |date=2021 |title=Mobile Payment in China: Practice and Its Effects |journal=Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=56–69 |doi=10.24294/jipd.v5i1.1237|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
Die ontwikkeling van mobiele betaalstelsels het voortgeduur met die bekendstelling van [[Google Wallet]] in 2011 en [[Apple Pay]] in 2014, wat mobiele betalings verder gewild gemaak het en die groeiende verbruikersvraag na gerieflike, veilige en gebruikersvriendelike betaaloplossings gedemonstreer het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dahlberg |first1=Tomi |last2=Guo /|first2=Jie |last3=Ondrus |first3=Jan |date=2015 |title=A critical review of mobile payment research |journal=Electronic Commerce Research and Applications |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=265–284 |doi=10.1016/j.elerap.2015.07.006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Reuver |first1=Mark |last2=Ondrus |first2=Jan |last3=Bouwman |first3=Harry |author-link3=Harry Bouwman |date=2015 |title=Mobile payment systems: adoption patterns in different countries |journal=International Journal of Electronic Business |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=328–348 |doi=10.1504/IJEB.2015.071386}}</ref>
Hierdie tydperk het ook die opkoms van eweknie-tot-eweknie- (P2P) [[Patentaansoek|betalingstoepassings]] gesien. Hierdie platforms het die manier waarop individue geld oorplaas, omvorm deur vinnige en maklike transaksies tussen gebruikers moontlik te maak. Deur vinnige, direkte oordragte via mobiele toestelle toe te laat, het P2P-betalingstoepassings die wrywing in persoonlike finansiële transaksies aansienlik verminder en dit eenvoudiger gemaak vir mense om rekenings te verdeel, koste te deel of geld aan vriende en familie te stuur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Story of Venmo |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/03/12/the-story-of-venmo/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes |date=2018-03-12}}</ref>
=== Versnelde groei van digitale finansies ===
Die wêreldwye [[COVID-19-pandemie]], wat vroeg in 2020 begin het, het 'n diepgaande uitwerking op die finansiëletegnologiebedryf gehad, die aanvaarding van digitale finansiële dienste versnel en die belangrikheid van tegnologie in die versekering van die veerkragtigheid en toeganklikheid van finansiële stelsels beklemtoon. Namate inperkings en [[sosiale distansiëring]]smaatreëls ondernemings en verbruikers genoodsaak het om swaarder op digitale kanale staat te maak, het finansiëletegnologie-oplossings 'n toename in aanvraag beleef.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fu |first1=Jonathan |last2=Mishra |first2=Mrinal |date=2020 |title=The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Fintech Adoption |journal=Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper No. 20-38 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3588453|ssrn=3588453 }}</ref>
Mobiel-eerste finansiëletegnologietoepassings het gedurende hierdie tydperk ongekende groei beleef. Baie handelsplatforms het beduidende toenames in nuwe gebruikersrekenings aangemeld, met sommige wat miljoene nuwe befondsde rekenings in die vroeë maande van die pandemie bygevoeg het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robinhood Raises $280 Million in Series F Funding Led by Sequoia |url=https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2020/5/4/robinhood-raises-280-million-in-series-f-funding-led-by-sequoia |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Robinhood Blog |date=2020-05-04}}</ref> Net so het betalings- en geldoordragtoepassings aansienlike gebruikersgroei beleef, met sommige platforms wat hul maandelikse aktiewe gebruikers oor 'n tydperk van drie jaar meer as verdubbel het, wat op 'n massiewe verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste dui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Block Q4 2022 Shareholder Letter |url=https://s29.q4cdn.com/628966176/files/doc_financials/2022/q4/Block_Shareholder-Letter-4Q22.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Block Investor Relations |date=2023-02-23}}</ref>
Die gebeure van 2020 het ook die beperkings van tradisionele finansiële instellings blootgelê om in die behoeftes van verbruikers en ondernemings in tye van krisis te voorsien. Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye, met hul ratse en tegnologiegedrewe sakemodelle, was beter geposisioneer om te reageer op die uitdagings van die vinnig veranderende omgewing, en het innoverende oplossings vir afstandbankwese, kontaklose betalings en digitale lenings gebied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How COVID-19 has sped up digitalization for the banking sector |url=https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=EY |date=2020-11-17 |archive-date=24 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224005908/https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector }}</ref>
Gedurende hierdie tydperk het [[waagkapitaal]]waardasies vir finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye die hoogte ingeskiet, aangedryf deur lae rentekoerse en 'n bloeiende [[aandelemark]]. Die toename in finansiëletegnologiebeleggings is gekenmerk deur beduidende kapitaalinvloei, wat tot hoër waardasies en meer gereelde uittredings via [[aanvanklike openbare aanbod|AOA's]] en [[Spesiale-doel-verkrygingsmaatskappy|SPAC's]] gelei het. Verskeie prominente finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye het rekordbrekende waardasies behaal, wat die sektor se groei en beleggersvertroue verder onderstreep het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintechs: A New Paradigm of Growth |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/financial%20services/our%20insights/fintechs%20a%20new%20paradigm%20%20of%20growth/fintechs-a-new-paradigm-of-growth.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=McKinsey & Company |date=2021-04-14}}</ref>
Die verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste gedurende hierdie tydperk het ook die aanvaarding van blokkettingtegnologie en kriptogeldeenhede versnel. Namate [[sentrale bank]]e regoor die wêreld die moontlikheid ondersoek het om [[sentralebank-digitale geldeenheid|digitale geldeenhede]] uit te reik, het die belangstelling in [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]] en [[nie-vervangbare token]]s gegroei, wat nuwe weë vir innovasie in die finansiëletegnologiesektor geopen het.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=DeFi's Promise and Pitfalls |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666764923000280 |access-date=2024-07-20 |journal=FinTech |volume=3 |issue=2 |article-number=100028 |date=2023-04-01 |doi=10.1016/j.fin.2023.100028 |last=Schar |first=Fabian|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
=== Afrika ===
Die finansiëletegnologielandskap in Afrika is aan die groei, met aktiewe maatskappye wat 1 263 in 2024 bereik het, 'n beduidende toename vanaf 1 049 in 2022 en 450 in 2020.<ref name="unlock">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20240033-finance-in-africa |title=Finance in Africa: Unlocking Investment in an Era of Digital Transformation and Climate Transition |date=2024-11-07 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5767-7}}</ref> Nigerië lei die finansiëletegnologiesektor en verteenwoordig 28% van alle finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye op die vasteland, en huisves agt van Afrika se nege fintegeenhorings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Remains Africa's Fintech Powerhouse |url=https://furtherafrica.com/2025/08/25/nigeria-remains-africas-fintech-powerhouse/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Further Africa |date=2025-08-25}}</ref>
Teen vroeg 2025 was Nigerië die tuiste van meer as 430 fintegmaatskappye, 'n toename van 70% jaar-op-jaar, met finteg wat 72% van die land se totale aandelebefondsing verteenwoordig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria's Fintech Sector Surges 70% Despite Challenges |url=https://fintechnews.africa/44869/fintech-nigeria/nigerias-fintech-sector-surges-70-despite-challenges/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News Africa |date=2025-03-13}}</ref> Afrikaanse fintegbeginondernemings het in 2025 gesamentlik meer as VS$3 miljard aan bekendgemaakte befondsing ingesamel, 'n toename van 33% jaar-op-jaar, terwyl die sektor van vinnige skaalvergroting na volhoubare groei en winsgewendheid verskuif het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Fintechs Projected to Grow Profitably in 2026 |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202601080119.html |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=AllAfrica |date=2026-01-08}}</ref>
=== Midde-Ooste ===
Die [[Verenigde Arabiese Emirate]] het na vore getree as die voorste fintegsentrum in die streek van die [[Midde-Ooste en Noord-Afrika]] (MENA). Die VAE huisves ongeveer 'n kwart van alle fintegmaatskappye in die MENA-streek, ondersteun deur twee finansiële vryhandelsones met onafhanklike regulatoriese raamwerke: die [[Dubai International Financial Centre]] (DIFC), gereguleer deur die [[Dubai Financial Services Authority]] (DFSA), en die [[Abu Dhabi Global Market]] (ADGM), gereguleer deur die Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintech 2025 – UAE|url=https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/fintech-2025/uae/trends-and-developments |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Chambers and Partners |date=2025}}</ref> Teen 2025 het die DIFC gegroei tot meer as 1 500 finteg-, kunsmatige-intelligensie- en innovasiefirmas, wat negende geplaas het onder wêreldwye fintegsentrums volgens die Global Financial Centres Index, en eerste in die Midde-Ooste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 in Review: AI, Tokenization, Islamic Finance Dominate UAE Fintech Landscape |url=https://fintechnews.ae/29466/abudhabi/2025-in-review-ai-tokenization-islamic-finance-dominate-uae-fintech-landscape/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News UAE |date=2025-12-22}}</ref>
[[Israel]] huisves 'n gevestigde fintegsektor.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Anders as die VAE se vryhandelsone-model, het Israel 'n statutêre regulatoriese sandput-model nagestreef, wat deur 'n interministeriële span voorgestel is en in die 2021-wetsontwerp vir die Aanmoediging van Tegnologiese Ontwikkeling op die Finansiële Gebied uiteengesit is.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Die voorgestelde raamwerk, wat vanaf 2025 steeds op die wetsontwerpstadium bly, word geadministreer deur 'n komitee van die land se vernaamste finansiële reguleerders (die [[Ministerie van Finansies (Israel)|Ministerie van Finansies]], die [[Bank van Israel]], die Kapitaalmark-, Versekerings- en Spaargesag, die Israelse Effektegesag, en die owerheid vir die bekamping van geldwassery), wat bedoel is om as 'n gekoördineerde toegangspunt vir deelnemende firmas te dien.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cahane |first1=Amir |last2=Sierra |first2=Michael |date=Januarie 2025|title=Nascent regulatory sandbox frameworks for AI in Israel |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/nascent-regulatory-sandbox-frameworks-for-ai-in-israel/C9E5B9630A678D809BDA109AE018881A |journal=Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance |language=en |volume=1 |article-number=e40 |doi=10.1017/cfl.2025.10032 |issn=3033-3733}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Plato-Shinar |first=Ruth |date=2021 |title=Thinking Outside the Box: The New Regulatory Sandbox Regime in Israel |journal=Banking & Finance L. Rev. |volume=36 |issue=3 |ssrn=3829880 }}</ref>
== 2020's ==
Die 2020's het 'n nuwe fase in finansiële tegnologie ingelui, gekenmerk deur die hoofstroomaanvaarding van kunsmatige intelligensie regoor finansiële dienste. Vanaf 2023 is generatiewe KI-hulpmiddels deur banke, betalingsverwerkers en beleggingsplatforms aangeneem om kliëntediens, kredietbesluitneming, bedrogopsporing en portefeuljebestuur te outomatiseer.
Die vinnige integrasie van KI in finansiële infrastruktuur het ook regulatoriese aandag getrek. In Mei 2026 het die [[Internasionale Monetêre Fonds]] gewaarsku dat KI-aangedrewe kuberaanvalle sistemiese risiko's vir wêreldwye finansiële stabiliteit inhou, en opgemerk dat gevorderde modelle die tyd en koste wat nodig is om kwesbaarhede regoor onderling gekoppelde bankstelsels te identifiseer en uit te buit, dramaties kan verminder, terwyl uiterste kubervoorvalle finansieringsdruk kan veroorsaak en breër markte kan ontwrig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Risks Mount as Artificial Intelligence Fuels Cyberattacks|url=https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2026/05/07/financial-stability-risks-mount-as-artificial-intelligence-fuels-cyberattacks|website=International Monetary Fund|date=2026-05-07|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die [[Federale Reserwe]] se Finansiële Stabiliteitsverslag van die lente van 2026 het bevind dat 50% van markkontakte KI as 'n potensiële sistemiese skok vir finansiële markte geïdentifiseer het, teenoor 9% die vorige jaar, wat 'n meer as vyfvoudige toename in waargenome KI-verwante sistemiese risiko oor twaalf maande verteenwoordig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Report, May 2026|url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/financial-stability-report20260508.pdf|website=Federal Reserve|date=2026-05-08|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die dekade het ook beduidende finteguitbreiding in ontluikende markte gesien. In Afrika het aktiewe fintegmaatskappye 1 263 in 2024 bereik, teenoor 450 in 2020, met Nigerië wat 28% van alle maatskappye op die vasteland verteenwoordig. In die [[Golfsamewerkingsraad|GSR]] het regulatoriese sandputte wat deur die [[Dubai Financial Services Authority]] en [[Abu Dhabi Global Market]] gevestig is, finteglisensiëring versnel en 'n nuwe generasie digitale beleggingsplatforms in staat gestel om kleinhandelbeleggers regoor die streek te bereik.
== Bedryfslandskap ==
Die finansiëletegnologiebedryf sluit 'n uiteenlopende reeks finansiële dienste en tegnologieë in wat in verskeie kernareas gekategoriseer kan word. Baie maatskappye is oor meerdere areas heen aktief of skep nuwe nisse wat hierdie onderskeide vervaag.
{| class="wikitable"
! Kategorie
! Besonderhede
|-
| Bankwese en persoonlike finansies
| Digitale bankplatforms en neobanke wat gebruikersvriendelike koppelvlakke, uitgawesnasporing, finansiële beplanning en geïntegreerde persoonlike finansiële bestuurshulpmiddels bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hornuf|first1=Lars|last2=Klus|first2=Milan F.|last3=Lohwasser|first3=Todor S.|last4=Schwienbacher|first4=Armin|title=How do banks interact with fintech startups?|journal=Small Business Economics|year=2021|volume=57|issue=3|pages=1505–1526|doi=10.1007/s11187-020-00359-3|doi-access=free|hdl=10419/289149|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Betalings, fakture, oorbetalings en transaksies
| Digitale betaaloplossings, faktuurstelsels, eweknie-tot-eweknie-oordragte, internasionale oorbetalings, betaalstaatdienste, invorderings, en korporatiewe kaart- en uitgawebestuurstelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gomber|first1=Peter|last2=Koch|first2=Jascha-Alexander|last3=Siering|first3=Michael|title=Digital Finance and FinTech: Current research and future research directions|journal=Journal of Business Economics|year=2017|volume=87|issue=5|pages=537–580|doi=10.1007/s11573-017-0852-x}}</ref>
|-
| Lenings en krediet
| Eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms, [[Koop nou, betaal later|BNPL]], aanlyn persoonlike lenings en finansiering vir klein ondernemings, wat dikwels alternatiewe data en masjienleer vir kredietbeoordeling gebruik.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jagtiani|first1=Julapa|last2=Lemieux|first2=Catharine|title=The roles of alternative data and machine learning in fintech lending: Evidence from the LendingClub consumer platform|journal=Financial Management|year=2019|volume=48|issue=4|pages=1009–1029|doi=10.1111/fima.12295}}</ref>
|-
| Belegging en vermoënsbestuur
| Robo-adviseurs (vermoënsbestuursdienste wat algoritmes gebruik vir outomatiese beleggingsadvies en digitale portefeuljebestuur<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=Dominik|last2=Dorner|first2=Verena|last3=Weinhardt|first3=Christof|last4=Pusmaz|first4=Hakan|title=Designing a robo-advisor for risk-averse, low-budget consumers|journal=Electronic Markets|year=2018|volume=28|issue=3|pages=367–380|doi=10.1007/s12525-017-0279-9}}</ref>), aanlyn makelaars en [[Doen-dit-self-belegging|selfgerigte beleggingsplatforms]].
|-
| Kapitaalmarkte en batebestuur
| Algoritmiese handelsplatforms, markdata-ontleding en portefeulje-optimaliseringshulpmiddels vir institusionele handel en batebestuur.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kirilenko|first1=Andrei A.|last2=Lo|first2=Andrew W.|title=Moore's Law versus Murphy's Law: Algorithmic Trading and Its Discontents|journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives|year=2013|volume=27|issue=2|pages=51–72|doi=10.1257/jep.27.2.51|doi-access=free |hdl=1721.1/87768|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Insurtech en proptech
| Tegnologietoepassings in versekering en eiendom, wat gepersonaliseerde polisse, vaartbelynde eisprosesse en innoverende eiendomsbestuursoplossings bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Eling|first1=Martin|last2=Lehmann|first2=Martin|title=The impact of digitalization on the insurance value chain and the insurability of risks|journal=The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice|year=2018|volume=43|issue=3|pages=359–396|doi=10.1057/s41288-017-0073-0}}</ref>
|-
| [[Blokketting]], [[Kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] en [[Gedesentraliseerde finansies|DeFi]]
| Blokketting-gebaseerde tegnologieë wat kriptogeldeenhede en platforms vir gedesentraliseerde finansies (DeFi) moontlik maak vir meer deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Yan|last2=Bellavitis|first2=Cristiano|title=Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models|journal=Journal of Business Venturing Insights|year=2020|volume=13|article-number=e00151|doi=10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00151}}</ref>
|-
| Regtech, nakoming en sekuriteit
| Regulatoriese tegnologie-oplossings vir monitering, verslagdoening, nakoming, bedrogopsporing en kuberveiligheid in die finansiële sektor.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Arner|first1=Douglas W.|last2=Barberis|first2=Jànos|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley|title=FinTech, RegTech, and the reconceptualization of financial regulation|journal=Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business|year=2016|volume=37|issue=3|pages=371–413|url=https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njilb/vol37/iss3/2/}}</ref>
|-
| Infrastruktuur
| [[Kernbankwese|Kernbankstelsels]], finansiële data-samevoegingsdienste, oopbankwese-API's, Bankwese-as-'n-Diens- (BaaS) platforms, en gevorderde data-ontledingshulpmiddels wat die hele finansiëletegnologie-ekosisteem ondersteun.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Omarini|first1=Anna|title=Banks and Fintechs: How to Develop a Digital Open Banking Approach for the Bank's Future|journal=International Business Research|year=2018|volume=11|issue=9|pages=23–36|doi=10.5539/ibr.v11n9p23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zetzsche|first1=Dirk A.|last2=Arner|first2=Douglas W.|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P.|last4=Weber|first4=Rolf H.|title=The Future of Data-Driven Finance and RegTech: Lessons from EU Big Bang II|journal=Stanford Journal of Law, Business & Finance|year=2019|volume=25|issue=2|pages=245–288|ssrn=3359399 }}</ref>
|}
== Inkomstemodelle ==
Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye gebruik verskeie inkomstemodelle en kombineer dikwels meerdere benaderings om inkomstestrome te diversifiseer.
Transaksiefooie vorm 'n primêre inkomstebron vir baie finansiëletegnologie-ondernemings, veral betalingsverwerkers en kriptogeldeenheidbeurse. Hierdie maatskappye hef tipies 'n persentasie van elke verwerkte transaksie. Sommige maatskappye het hierdie model uitgebrei om premiefooie vir dienste soos onmiddellike uitbetalings in te sluit, wat handelaars bedien wat onmiddellike toegang tot fondse benodig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement |url=https://s201.q4cdn.com/231198771/files/doc_financials/2024/ar/PayPal-Holdings-Inc-Combined-2024-Proxy-Statement-and-2023-Annual-Report.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Paypal Investor Report }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coinbase Shareholder Letter First Quarter 2024 |url=https://s27.q4cdn.com/397450999/files/doc_financials/2024/05/Shareholder-Letter-Q1-2024.pdf|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Coinbase Investor Report}}</ref> [[Uitruilfooi]]e verteenwoordig nog 'n beduidende inkomstestroom, veral vir firmas wat betaalkaarte aanbied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merchant Indifference Test Application |url=https://www.bundesbank.de/resource/blob/634960/f74645a59a2ada2d858a3c91ee2508df/mL/2014-09-16-merchant-indifference-test-application-data.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=bundesbank}}</ref>
[[Lêer:Gao-report-on-interchange.gif|duimnael|regs|250px|GAO-verslagbeeld wat uitruilfooie verduidelik]]
Intekening- en [[freemium]]-modelle stel maatskappye in staat om basiese dienste gratis aan te bied terwyl hulle vir gevorderde kenmerke of premievlakke hef.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolut 2023 Annual Report |url=https://cdn.revolut.com/pdf/annualreport2023.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Revolut}}</ref> Hierdie benadering is algemeen onder digitale banke en finansiële bestuursplatforms. In die besigheid-tot-besigheid- (B2B) sektor is gebruiksgebaseerde prysbepaling algemeen, veral vir API-dienste. Verskaffers van finansiëletegnologie-infrastruktuur hef dikwels op grond van die volume API-oproepe of transaksies wat verwerk word, wat ander ondernemings in staat stel om toegang tot gespesialiseerde finansiële dienste te verkry sonder om dit intern te ontwikkel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revenue Opportunities Created By Open APIs |url=https://www.fisglobal.com/-/media/fisglobal/files/pdf/white-paper/realizing-revenue-opportunities-with-open-apis.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=fisglobal}}</ref>
Rentegebaseerde inkomste is van kardinale belang vir baie finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye, veral in die bank- en leningsektore. Digitale banke en beleggingsplatforms verdien tipies rente op kliëntedeposito's en kontantsaldo's. Leningsplatforms kombineer dikwels rente-inkomste met leningsverkope, deur gedeeltes van hul leningsportefeuljes aan ander instellings of beleggers te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LendingClub Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Results |url=https://ir.lendingclub.com/news/news-details/2023/LendingClub-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2022-Results/default.aspx |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=LendingClub Investor Relations |date=2023-01-25}}</ref>
Datagedrewe inkomstemodelle, hoewel potensieel winsgewend, het toenemende ondersoek en regulering in die gesig gestaar. Sommige firmas is by datamonetisering betrokke deur saamgevoegde of geanonimiseerde gebruikersdata aan derde partye te verkoop. Hierdie praktyk het egter privaatheidskwessies en regulatoriese uitdagings laat ontstaan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawmakers Call for Investigation of Fintech Company Yodlee's Data Selling |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lawmakers-call-for-investigation-of-fintech-firm-yodlees-data-selling-11579269600 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=WSJ |date=2020-01-17}}</ref> 'n Minder omstrede benadering behels die benutting van gebruikersdata vir geteikende advertensies en loodgenerering, waar inkomste deur produkaanbevelings en verwysingsfooie verdien word terwyl gratis dienste aan gebruikers verskaf word.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intuit Investor Dat 2023 |url=https://investors.intuit.com/_assets/_85ab9fac85f2c84ae8711d96ca5b2870/intuit/db/923/9393/pdf/Intuit-Investor-Day-2023_E2E-PRINT-Deck_092723-1.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Intuit}}</ref>
Sommige inkomstemodelle, soos betaling vir bestellingsvloei (PFOF) wat deur sekere makelaarsfirmas gebruik word, beweeg in 'n regulatoriese grys gebied. Hoewel PFOF kommissievrye transaksies moontlik maak, wat moontlik kleinhandelbeleggers bevoordeel, is dit onder die soeklig weens kommer oor belangebotsings en beste-uitvoeringspraktyke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEC Charges Robinhood Financial With Misleading Customers About Revenue Sources and Failing to Satisfy Duty of Best Execution |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-321 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SEC.gov |date=2020-12-17}}</ref>
== Infrastruktuur ==
Moderne finansiële tegnologie berus op 'n gedeelde laag van tegniese infrastruktuur wat toepassings, banke en [[Derdeparty|derdepartyverskaffers]] in staat stel om data veilig uit te ruil en transaksies te inisieer. Sentraal tot hierdie infrastruktuur is gestandaardiseerde toepassingsprogrammeringskoppelvlakke (API's), wat sagtewarestelsels toelaat om met mekaar te kommunikeer sonder om die onderliggende kode of data direk bloot te stel. Die sekuriteit van hierdie integrasies word bepaal deur protokolle soos [[OAuth 2.0]] en [[OpenID]] Connect, en in finansiële dienste spesifiek deur die Financial-grade API- (FAPI) standaard — 'n sekuriteitsprofiel wat deur die OpenID Foundation ontwikkel is en wat definieer hoe API's wat sensitiewe finansiële data hanteer, kliënte moet verifieer, toestemming moet bestuur en die onweerlegbaarheid van transaksies moet verseker.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAPI Working Group |url=https://openid.net/wg/fapi/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=OpenID Foundation}}</ref>
[[Oopbankwese]] verteenwoordig die mees beduidende regulatoriese formalisering van hierdie API-infrastruktuur tot op hede. Onder oopbankwese-raamwerke word banke verplig om kliënterekeningdata en betalingsdienste via gestandaardiseerde API's aan gemagtigde derde partye beskikbaar te stel, onderhewig aan uitdruklike kliëntetoestemming. Die model is eerste op groot skaal verplig deur die [[Europese Unie]] se hersiene Betalingsdiensterigtlyn ([[Betalingsdiensterigtlyn|PSD2]]) in 2018 en die VK se [[Open Banking Standard]], wat ná 'n uitspraak van die Competition and Markets Authority in 2016 gevestig is.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025 |title=OBL Impact Report 7 |url=https://www.openbanking.org.uk/insights/obl-impact-report-7-open-banking-delivers-real-world-impact-as-adoption-accelerates-year-on-year/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Open Banking Limited}}</ref> Vergelykbare raamwerke is sedertdien wêreldwyd aangeneem, insluitend die Financial Data Exchange- (FDX) standaard in die Verenigde State en die Consumer Data Right (CDR) in Australië, hoewel hierdie verskil ten opsigte van terminologie, tegniese standaarde en implementeringsmodel.<ref>{{cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=The Anatomy of a Thriving Open Banking Ecosystem |url=https://ozoneapi.com/blog/the-anatomy-of-a-thriving-open-banking-ecosystem/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Ozone API}}</ref> Teen 2024 is die wêreldwye oopbankwesemark op ongeveer $31,6 miljard gewaardeer en dit sal na verwagting teen 2030 $135 miljard bereik.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Banking Market Size & Share |url=https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/open-banking-systems-market |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Grand View Research}}</ref>
== Kontroversies ==
Namate finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye poog om tradisionele [[finansiële dienste]] te ontwrig, is sommige gekritiseer omdat hulle groei bo [[regulatoriese nakoming|nakoming]], sekuriteit en [[verbruikersbeskerming]] gestel het.
In 'n noemenswaardige kontroversie het die [[kriptogeldeenheidbeurs]] [[FTX]] in November 2022 ineengestort te midde van beskuldigings van misleidende praktyke, onbehoorlike hantering van kliëntebates en onvoldoende risikobeheer.<ref>{{cite news|first=MacKenzie|last=Sigalos|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/15/how-sam-bankman-frieds-ftx-alameda-empire-vanished-overnight.html|title=How Sam Bankman-Fried's crypto empire vanished overnight|date=2022-11-11|work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref>
[[Sam Bankman-Fried]], FTX se stigter en uitvoerende hoof, is later skuldig bevind aan bedrog per elektroniese kommunikasie (''wire fraud''), [[sameswering]] en [[geldwassery]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=David|last1=Yaffe-Bellany|first2=Matthew|last2=Goldstein|first3=J. Edward|last3=Moreno|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|title=Sam Bankman-Fried Is Found Guilty of 7 Counts of Fraud and Conspiracy|date=2022-12-13|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202030700/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|archive-date=2023-12-02}}</ref>
== Verwysings en aantekeninge ==
{{Reflist|35em}}
== Verdere leesstof ==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Teigland |editor1-first=R. |editor2-last=Siri |editor2-first=S.
|editor3-last=Larsson |editor3-first=A. |editor4-last=Puertas |editor4-first=A. M. |editor5-last=Bogusz |editor5-first=C. I. |title=The Rise and Development of FinTech (Open Access): Accounts of Disruption from Sweden and Beyond |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-8153-7850-1 |ref=none}}
* {{cite journal |first=Johannes |last=Treu |title=The Fintech Sensation – What is it about? |journal=Journal of International Business and Management |volume=5 |issue=1 |year=2022 |pages=1–19 |url=https://rpajournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/JIBM-2021-11-2094.pdf |access-date=2023-02-23|doi=10.37227/JIBM-2021-11-2094|issn=2616-5163|ref=none}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
* {{Commons category-inline}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Finansiële dienste]]
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{{Kort beskrywing|Deelversameling van tegnologieë wat in finansies gebruik word}}
[[Lêer:Luchtfoto van Lower Manhattan.jpg|duimnael|263px|[[New York-stad]], die wêreld se vernaamste finteg- en finansiële sentrum<ref name=NewYorkFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld>{{cite web |url = https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-37-explore-the-data/gfci-37-rank/|title = The Global Financial Centres Index 37|publisher = Long Finance|access-date = 2 Junie 2025}}</ref>]]
'''Finansiële tegnologie''' (afgekort as '''finteg'''<ref name="Netwerk24, g.d.">{{Cite web| last = Delport| first = Dennis| title = ANC dien strafregtelike klagte teen DA se Burke in| work = [[Netwerk24]] | access-date = 2026-08-21| url = https://www.netwerk24.com/nuus/politiek/anc-dien-strafregtelike-klagte-teen-da-se-burke-in-20260821-0510}}</ref>) verwys na die toepassing van nuwe tegnologieë op produkte en dienste in die finansiële bedryf. Hierdie breë term omvat 'n wye verskeidenheid tegnologiese hulpmiddels in finansiële dienste, insluitend mobiele bankdienste, aanlyn leningsplatforms, digitale betaalstelsels, robo-adviseurs en [[blokketting]]-gebaseerde toepassings soos [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schindler |first=John W. |date=2017 |title=FinTech and Financial Innovation: Drivers and Depth |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2017081pap.pdf |journal=Finance and Economics Discussion Series |volume=2017 |issue=81 |doi=10.17016/FEDS.2017.081 |issn=1936-2854}}</ref> Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye sluit sowel [[beginonderneming]]s as gevestigde tegnologie- en finansiële firmas in wat daarop gemik is om tradisionele finansiële dienste te verbeter, aan te vul of te vervang.
== Ontwikkeling ==
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie strek oor meer as 'n eeu en word gekenmerk deur beduidende tegnologiese innovasies wat die finansiële bedryf hervorm het. Hoewel die toepassing van tegnologie op finansies diep historiese wortels het, het die term "finansiële tegnologie" in die laat 20ste eeu ontstaan en in die 1990's bekendheid verwerf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967">{{Cite news |title=Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/434041835/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |work=The Boston Globe |date=1967-08-27 |page=116}}</ref>
Die vroegste gedokumenteerde gebruik van die term dateer terug na 1967, toe dit in 'n artikel in ''The Boston Globe'' met die titel "Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money" verskyn het. Hierdie berig het gehandel oor 'n beginbeleggingsmaatskappy wat deur voormalige uitvoerende beamptes van die Computer Control Company gestig is, met die doel om waagkapitaal en bedryfskundigheid aan beginondernemings in die finansiëletegnologiebedryf te verskaf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967" />
Die term het egter eers in die vroeë 1990's gewild geword toe Citicorp se voorsitter John Reed dit gebruik het om die Financial Services Technology Consortium te beskryf. Hierdie projek, wat deur Citigroup geïnisieer is, is ontwerp om tegnologiese samewerking in die finansiële sektor te bevorder en was 'n keerpunt in die bedryf se gesamentlike benadering tot innovasie.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal">{{Cite journal |last1=Arner |first1=Douglas W. |last2=Barberis |first2=Jànos |last3=Buckley |first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley |date=2016 |title=The Evolution of Fintech: A New Post-Crisis Paradigm? |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Law |volume=47 |pages=1271–1319 |ssrn=2676553 |issn=1550-5200 }}</ref>
Die finansiëletegnologie-ekosisteem sluit verskeie soorte maatskappye in. Hoewel beginondernemings wat nuwe finansiële tegnologieë of dienste ontwikkel dikwels met finansiële tegnologie geassosieer word, omvat die sektor ook gevestigde tegnologiemaatskappye wat na finansiële dienste uitbrei, sowel as tradisionele finansiële instellings wat nuwe tegnologieë aanneem. Hierdie uiteenlopende landskap het tot innovasies in verskeie finansiële sektore gelei, insluitend bankwese, [[versekering]], [[belegging]] en betaalstelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=In|last2=Shin|first2=Yong Jae|title=Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges|journal=Business Horizons|year=2018|volume=61|issue=1|pages=35–46|doi=10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003}}</ref> Finansiëletegnologietoepassings strek oor 'n wye verskeidenheid finansiële dienste. Dit sluit digitale bankwese, mobiele betalings en digitale beursies, eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms, robo-adviseurs en algoritmiese handel, insurtech, [[blokketting]] en [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]], regulatoriese tegnologie en skarefinansieringsplatforms in.
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie behels dikwels die oorvleueling van telekommunikasie-ingenieurswese met finansies. Byvoorbeeld, vroeë eksperimentering met [[Nabyveldkommunikasie|NFC]]-betalingstandaarde in die 2010's het sommige ontwikkelaars daartoe gelei om verspreide grootboeke as 'n agterkant vir skaalbare mobiele betalings te verken, in 'n poging om die deurset-beperkings van tradisionele bankinfrastruktuur op te los sonder om op gesentraliseerde tussengangers staat te maak.<ref>{{cite news |last=Olson |first=Parmy |title=This Hermetic Engineer Is Plotting The Death Of Blockchain |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2019/01/09/this-hermetic-engineer-is-plotting-the-death-of-blockchain/ |newspaper=Forbes |date=9 Januarie 2019 |access-date=28 Desember 2025}}</ref>
=== Uitwerking op finansiële insluiting ===
Daar is toenemende empiriese bewyse dat finteginnovasies, veral digitale betaalstelsels, mobiele geld en aanlyn finansiële platforms, beduidend tot finansiële insluiting bydra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why financial inclusion is the key to a thriving economy |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208214438/https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-date=2025-12-08 |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Fintech Impacts Financial Inclusion |url=https://www.phoenix.edu/articles/finance/fintech-impact-on-financial-inclusion.html |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=University of Phoenix |language=en}}</ref> 'n Sistematiese oorsig van 2025 het bevind dat sulke tegnologieë toegang tot finansiële dienste in ontwikkelende en onderbediende gemeenskappe verbeter deur hindernisse tot bankwese te verminder en veilige, bekostigbare transaksies moontlik te maak.<ref>{{cite journal
|last1=Shahen
|first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud
|last2=Sharaf
|first2=Mesbah Fathy
|title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review
|journal=FinTech
|volume=4
|issue=4
|year=2025
|pages=59
|doi=10.3390/fintech4040059
|doi-access=free
}}</ref>
Ten spyte van die algeheel positiewe uitwerking op finansiële insluiting, kan digitale finansiële dienste mense uitsluit wat beperkte internettoegang, lae digitale of finansiële geletterdheid, of minder vertroue in die gebruik van aanlyn dienste het. Dit wek ook verbruikersbeskermingskwessies rondom bedrog, kuberveiligheid en dataprivaatheid.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-07 |title=Supporting informed and safe use of digital payments through digital financial literacy: Full Report |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/supporting-informed-and-safe-use-of-digital-payments-through-digital-financial-literacy_21de47d1-en/full-report.html |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=OECD |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial Inclusion {{!}} World Bank Group |url=https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/topic/financial-sector/financial-inclusion |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref>
== Geskiedenis ==
=== Grondslae ===
Die laat 19de eeu het die grondslag gelê vir vroeë finansiële tegnologie met die ontwikkeling van die [[telegraaf]] en transatlantiese kabelstelsels. Hierdie innovasies het die oordrag van finansiële inligting oor grense heen verander en vinniger en doeltreffender kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings moontlik gemaak.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal" />
'n Belangrike mylpaal in elektroniese geldbeweging het gekom met die stigting van die Fedwire Funds Service deur die Federale Reserwebank in 1918. Hierdie vroeë elektroniese fondsoordragstelsel het [[telegraaf]]lyne gebruik om veilige oordragte tussen lidbanke te fasiliteer, en was een van die eerste gevalle van elektroniese geldbeweging.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gilbert |first1=Adam M. |last2=Hunt |first2=Dara |last3=Winch |first3=Kenneth C. |title=Creating an Integrated Payment System: The Evolution of Fedwire |url=https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/epr/97v03n2/9707gilb.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=newyorkfed.org |date=1997}}</ref>
Die 1950's het 'n nuwe era van verbruikersfinansiële dienste ingelui. [[Diners Club International]] het in 1950 die eerste universele [[kredietkaart]] bekendgestel, 'n keerpunt wat verbruikersbesteding en krediet sou hervorm. Hierdie innovasie het die weg gebaan vir die bekendstelling van [[American Express]]-kaarte in 1958 en die BankAmericard (later Visa) in 1959, wat die kredietkaartbedryf verder uitgebrei het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=David S. |last2=Schmalensee |first2=Richard |author-link2=Richard L. Schmalensee |date=2005 |title=The Economics of Interchange Fees and Their Regulation: An Overview |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/18181/4548-05.pdf|journal=MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4548-05 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.744705}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stearns |first=David L. |date=2011 |title=Electronic Value Exchange: Origins of the VISA Electronic Payment System |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-84996-138-7}}</ref>
=== Digitale rewolusie ===
Die 1960's en 1970's het die begin gemerk van die verskuiwing van analoë na digitale finansies, met verskeie baanbrekende ontwikkelings wat die toekoms van finansiële tegnologie gevorm het.
In 1967 het Barclays die wêreld se eerste OTM in [[Londen]] bekendgestel, wat toegang tot kontant en basiese bankdienste uitgebrei het. Die OTM, wat deur verkoopmasjiene geïnspireer is, was 'n beduidende stap in die rigting van selfdiensbankwese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From the archives: the ATM is 50 |url=https://home.barclays/news/2017/06/from-the-archives-the-atm-is-50/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Barclays |date=2017-06-27}}</ref>
Finansiëletegnologie-infrastruktuur het verder ontwikkel met die stigting van die Inter-bank Computer Bureau in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] in 1968. Hierdie ontwikkeling het die grondslag gelê vir die land se eerste geoutomatiseerde verrekeningskamerstelsel, wat uiteindelik in BACS (Bankers' Automated Clearing Services) ontwikkel het om elektroniese fondsoordragte tussen banke te fasiliteer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Payment systems in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.bis.org/cpmi/paysys/unitedkingdomcomp.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=BIS}}</ref>
Die wêreld van effektehandel is in 1971 verander met die stigting van [[NASDAQ]], die wêreld se eerste digitale [[effektebeurs]]. NASDAQ se elektroniese noteringstelsel was 'n beduidende sprong vorentoe vanaf die tradisionele stelsel van oop uitroep wat op effektebeurse gebruik is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nasdaq: 50 Years of Market Innovation |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/nasdaq%3A-50-years-of-market-innovation-2021-02-11 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nasdaq}}</ref>
Twee jaar later het die stigting van SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings wêreldwyd gestandaardiseer en beveilig. SWIFT se boodskapstelsel het die wêreldwye standaard vir internasionale geld- en effekte-oordragte geword.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=Susan V. |last2=Zachariadis |first2=Markos |date=2012-08-01 |title=Origins and development of SWIFT, 1973–2009 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |journal=Business History Review |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=461–502 |doi=10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |issn=0007-6791|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Die invoering van elektroniese fondsoordragstelsels, soos die ACH (Automated Clearing House) in die [[Verenigde State]], het vinniger en doeltreffender geldoordragte moontlik gemaak. Die ACH-netwerk het direkte deposito's, betaalstaatbetalings en elektroniese rekeningbetalings moontlik gemaak, wat die behoefte aan [[tjek|papiertjeks]] aansienlik verminder het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the ACH Network |url=https://www.nacha.org/content/history-nacha-and-ach-network |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nacha}}</ref>
=== Opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste ===
[[Lêer:Bloomberg Terminal Museum.jpg|duimnael|263px|Bloomberg-terminaalmuseum in [[Manhattan]]]]
Die 1980's en 1990's was getuie van beduidende ontwikkelings in finansiële tegnologie, met die opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste en die vroeë stadiums van aanlyn bankwese. 'n Groot deurbraak het gekom toe Michael Bloomberg Innovative Market Systems (later Bloomberg L.P.) gestig en die Bloomberg-terminaal bekendgestel het. Hierdie innovasie het verander hoe finansiële professionele persone markdata verkry en ontleed het, deur intydse finansiële markdata, ontledings en nuus aan finansiële instellings wêreldwyd te verskaf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloomberg: The Early Years |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/company/stories/bloomberg-the-early-years/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref>
Aanlyn bankwese het in die vroeë 1980's ontstaan, toe die Bank of Scotland die eerste aanlyn bankdiens in die VK, genaamd Homelink, aangebied het. Hierdie diens het kliënte in staat gestel om state te bekyk, geld oor te plaas en rekenings te betaal met behulp van hul [[televisie]]s en [[Telefoon|telefone]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Move Fast In Home Banking |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/02/business/british-move-fast-in-home-banking.html |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The New York Times |date=1984-01-02}}</ref>
Die laat 1980's het die ontwikkeling van EDI-standaarde (Electronic Data Interchange) gesien, wat ondernemings in staat gestel het om finansiële dokumente elektronies uit te ruil en B2B-transaksies (besigheid-tot-besigheid) te vereenvoudig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)? |url=https://www.sap.com/products/business-network/supply-chain-collaboration/what-is-edi.html|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SAP}}</ref>
'n Beduidende mylpaal in digitale verbruikersbankwese het in 1994 gekom toe die Stanford Federal Credit Union die eerste internetbankwese-webwerf bekendgestel het. Hierdie diens het lede aanvanklik in staat gestel om rekeningsaldo's aanlyn na te gaan, met rekeningbetalingsfunksionaliteit wat in 1997 bygevoeg is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford Federal Credit Union Pioneers Online Financial Services |url=https://app.articleonepartners.com/study/download?file_id=637 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=AOP Connect}}</ref> Dit was egter eers in 1999 dat die eerste staatsgeoktrooieerde, FDIC-versekerde instelling wat hoofsaaklik aanlyn bedryf is, gestig is. First Internet Bank, gestig deur David Becker, het 'n nuwe era in aanlyn-alleen bankwese ingelui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Internet Bank Launches Real-Time Internet Banking Services |url=https://www.firstib.com/about-us/news-resources/press-news/first-internet-bank-launches-real-time-internet-banking-services/|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=First Internet Bank |date=1999-02-22}}</ref>
=== Dot-com-era ===
Die laat 1990's en vroeë 2000's was 'n beduidende keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie, aangesien talle innovasies gedurende die [[dot-com-borrel|dot-com-hoogbloei]] ontstaan het. Een noemenswaardige ontwikkeling was die opkoms van aanlyn handelsplatforms, met E-Trade, wat in 1982 gestig is, aan die voorpunt. In 1992 het E-Trade een van die eerste finansiëledienstemaatskappye geword wat aanlyn handel aan verbruikers aangebied het, wat die manier waarop individue met die aandelemark omgegaan het, omvorm het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=E*TRADE Financial Corporation History |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/e-trade-morgan-stanley/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes}}</ref>
Nog 'n deurslaggewende oomblik was die stigting van [[PayPal]] in 1998. PayPal se sukses met die skep van 'n veilige en gebruikersvriendelike aanlyn betaalstelsel het die lewensvatbaarheid van digitale betaaloplossings gedemonstreer en die weg gebaan vir talle daaropvolgende finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tripsas |first1=Mary |date=2009 |title=Technology, Identity, and Inertia Through the Lens of "The Digital Photography Company" |journal=Organization Science |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=441–460 |doi=10.1287/orsc.1080.0419 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1270568_code698198.pdf?abstractid=1270568&mirid=1&type=2 }}; {{Cite book |last1=Vartanian |first1=Thomas P. |last2=Ledig |first2=Robert H. |last3=Bruneau |first3=Lynn |date=1998 |title=21st Century Money, Banking & Commerce |publisher=Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP |isbn=978-0-9663317-3-8}}</ref>
Die vroeë 2000's het ook die opkoms van innoverende sakemodelle in die finansiëledienstebedryf gesien. WebBank, wat in 1997 gestig is, het in 2005 begin om 'n "huur-'n-oktrooi"-model (''rent-a-charter'') aan te bied, wat die nodige bankinfrastruktuur en regulatoriese nakoming verskaf het sodat finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings bankdienste kon aanbied sonder om hul eie oktrooie te bekom. Hierdie model sou later van kardinale belang blyk te wees om die groei van talle finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye moontlik te maak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Rent-a-Charter: Examining New Risks Behind Bank-Fintech Partnerships |url=https://sites.duke.edu/thefinregblog/2020/01/23/the-rise-of-rent-a-charter-examining-new-risks-behind-bank-fintech-partnerships/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The FinReg Blog |publisher=Duke University School of Law |date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
=== Ná die finansiële krisis van 2008 ===
Die finansiële krisis van 2008 het as katalisator vir die vinnige groei van die finansiëletegnologiebedryf gedien, aangesien dalende vertroue in tradisionele finansiële instellings geleenthede vir innoverende, tegnologiegedrewe oplossings geskep het. Die vroeë dae van die na-krisis-era het die opkoms van digitale geldeenhede gesien, met e-Gold as 'n voorloper van die ontwikkeling van [[Bitcoin]]. Hoewel e-Gold, wat gebruikers toegelaat het om rekenings in gram goud te skep en onmiddellike oordragte moontlik gemaak het, uiteindelik regsuitdagings en sluiting in die gesig gestaar het, het dit die grondslag vir toekomstige digitale geldeenhede gelê.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Bullion and Bandits: The Improbable Rise and Fall of E-Gold|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/06/e-gold/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Wired Magazine |last1=Zetter |first1=Kim }}</ref>
Die uitvinding van Bitcoin in 2008 deur 'n anonieme skepper wat die skuilnaam [[Satoshi Nakamoto]] gebruik het, was 'n keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van digitale geldeenhede en [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]]. Bitcoin se gebruik van [[blokketting]]tegnologie het 'n golf van ontwikkeling op die gebied van [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] ontketen en nuwe moontlikhede vir veilige, deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels geopen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System|url=https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf|author=Nakamoto, Satoshi|date=2008-10-31|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Namate die finansiëletegnologielandskap verder ontwikkel het, het nuwe betalingsverwerkingsmaatskappye die mark betree wat ontwikkelaarsvriendelike API's aangebied het wat aanlyn betalingsintegrasie dramaties vereenvoudig het. Deur die toetredingsdrempels vir [[e-handel]] en aanlyn finansiële dienste te verlaag, het hierdie maatskappye 'n deurslaggewende rol gespeel om die groei van nuwe finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings moontlik te maak en innovasie in die sektor aan te dryf.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chiu |first1=Iris H-Y |date=2017 |title=A new era in fintech payment innovations? A perspective from the institutions and regulation of payment systems |journal=Law, Innovation and Technology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=190–234 |doi=10.1080/17579961.2017.1377912|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1553175/ }}</ref>
Die vennootbankmodel, wat in die vroeë 2000's ontstaan het, het in die na-krisis-era beduidende momentum gekry. Hierdie model het verder uitgebrei as sy aanvanklike "huur-'n-oktrooi"-konsep en het in meer omvattende vennootskappe tussen tradisionele banke en finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye ontwikkel. Hierdie samewerkings het vinnige innovasie en marktoetrede moontlik gemaak, aangesien finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye die regulatoriese nakoming en infrastruktuur van gevestigde banke benut het terwyl hulle hul eie tegnologiese kundigheid en kliëntgesentreerde benaderings ingebring het. Dit het die groei van die finansiëletegnologiesektor verder versnel en die verspreiding van digitaal-eerste finansiële dienste moontlik gemaak.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Drasch |first1=Benedict J. |last2=Schweizer |first2=André |last3=Urbach |first3=Nils |date=2018 |title=Integrating the 'Troublemakers': A taxonomy for cooperation between banks and fintechs |journal=Journal of Economics and Business |volume=100 |pages=26–42 |doi=10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.04.002|url=https://www.fim-rc.de/Paperbibliothek/Veroeffentlicht/575/wi-575.pdf }}</ref> Die verrypking van hierdie model het die weg gebaan vir die opkoms van neobanke, wat tradisionele bankparadigmas uitgedaag het deur volkome digitale ervarings aan te bied en kliënteverwagtinge in die banksektor herdefinieer het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Banking as a Service |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/banking-needs-a-new-business-model-heres-a-blueprint-for-the-future |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=McKinsey & Company }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Die toenemende gebruik van [[slimfoon]]s het die ontwikkeling van mobiel-eerste finansiëletegnologie-oplossings aangedryf. Square se bekendstelling van 'n mobiele kaartleser in 2009 het klein ondernemings in staat gestel om kredietkaartbetalings met slimfone te aanvaar, wat toegang tot betalingsverwerking gedemokratiseer het en die transformerende potensiaal van mobiele tegnologie in die finansiëledienstebedryf beklemtoon het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Yufei |last2=Zhu |first2=Huiming |last3=Li |first3=Zhenhua |last4=Jiang |first4=Zhibin |date=2021 |title=Mobile Payment in China: Practice and Its Effects |journal=Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=56–69 |doi=10.24294/jipd.v5i1.1237|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
Die ontwikkeling van mobiele betaalstelsels het voortgeduur met die bekendstelling van Google Wallet in 2011 en Apple Pay in 2014, wat mobiele betalings verder gewild gemaak het en die groeiende verbruikersvraag na gerieflike, veilige en gebruikersvriendelike betaaloplossings gedemonstreer het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dahlberg |first1=Tomi |last2=Guo /|first2=Jie |last3=Ondrus |first3=Jan |date=2015 |title=A critical review of mobile payment research |journal=Electronic Commerce Research and Applications |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=265–284 |doi=10.1016/j.elerap.2015.07.006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Reuver |first1=Mark |last2=Ondrus |first2=Jan |last3=Bouwman |first3=Harry |author-link3=Harry Bouwman |date=2015 |title=Mobile payment systems: adoption patterns in different countries |journal=International Journal of Electronic Business |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=328–348 |doi=10.1504/IJEB.2015.071386}}</ref>
Hierdie tydperk het ook die opkoms van eweknie-tot-eweknie- (P2P) betalingstoepassings gesien. Hierdie platforms het die manier waarop individue geld oorplaas, omvorm deur vinnige en maklike transaksies tussen gebruikers moontlik te maak. Deur vinnige, direkte oordragte via mobiele toestelle toe te laat, het P2P-betalingstoepassings die wrywing in persoonlike finansiële transaksies aansienlik verminder en dit eenvoudiger gemaak vir mense om rekenings te verdeel, koste te deel of geld aan vriende en familie te stuur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Story of Venmo |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/03/12/the-story-of-venmo/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes |date=2018-03-12}}</ref>
=== Versnelde groei van digitale finansies ===
Die wêreldwye [[Covid-19-pandemie]], wat vroeg in 2020 begin het, het 'n diepgaande uitwerking op die finansiëletegnologiebedryf gehad, die aanvaarding van digitale finansiële dienste versnel en die belangrikheid van tegnologie in die versekering van die veerkragtigheid en toeganklikheid van finansiële stelsels beklemtoon. Namate inperkings en [[sosiale distansiëring]]smaatreëls ondernemings en verbruikers genoodsaak het om swaarder op digitale kanale staat te maak, het finansiëletegnologie-oplossings 'n toename in aanvraag beleef.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fu |first1=Jonathan |last2=Mishra |first2=Mrinal |date=2020 |title=The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Fintech Adoption |journal=Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper No. 20-38 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3588453|ssrn=3588453 }}</ref>
Mobiel-eerste finansiëletegnologietoepassings het gedurende hierdie tydperk ongekende groei beleef. Baie handelsplatforms het beduidende toenames in nuwe gebruikersrekenings aangemeld, met sommige wat miljoene nuwe befondsde rekenings in die vroeë maande van die pandemie bygevoeg het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robinhood Raises $280 Million in Series F Funding Led by Sequoia |url=https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2020/5/4/robinhood-raises-280-million-in-series-f-funding-led-by-sequoia |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Robinhood Blog |date=2020-05-04}}</ref> Net so het betalings- en geldoordragtoepassings aansienlike gebruikersgroei beleef, met sommige platforms wat hul maandelikse aktiewe gebruikers oor 'n tydperk van drie jaar meer as verdubbel het, wat op 'n massiewe verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste dui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Block Q4 2022 Shareholder Letter |url=https://s29.q4cdn.com/628966176/files/doc_financials/2022/q4/Block_Shareholder-Letter-4Q22.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Block Investor Relations |date=2023-02-23}}</ref>
Die gebeure van 2020 het ook die beperkings van tradisionele finansiële instellings blootgelê om in die behoeftes van verbruikers en ondernemings in tye van krisis te voorsien. Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye, met hul ratse en tegnologiegedrewe sakemodelle, was beter geposisioneer om te reageer op die uitdagings van die vinnig veranderende omgewing, en het innoverende oplossings vir afstandbankwese, kontaklose betalings en digitale lenings gebied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How COVID-19 has sped up digitalization for the banking sector |url=https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=EY |date=2020-11-17 |archive-date=24 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224005908/https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector }}</ref>
Gedurende hierdie tydperk het [[waagkapitaal]]waardasies vir finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye die hoogte ingeskiet, aangedryf deur lae rentekoerse en 'n bloeiende aandelemark. Die toename in finansiëletegnologiebeleggings is gekenmerk deur beduidende kapitaalinvloei, wat tot hoër waardasies en meer gereelde uittredings via AOA's en SPAC's gelei het. Verskeie prominente finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye het rekordbrekende waardasies behaal, wat die sektor se groei en beleggersvertroue verder onderstreep het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintechs: A New Paradigm of Growth |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/financial%20services/our%20insights/fintechs%20a%20new%20paradigm%20%20of%20growth/fintechs-a-new-paradigm-of-growth.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=McKinsey & Company |date=2021-04-14}}</ref>
Die verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste gedurende hierdie tydperk het ook die aanvaarding van blokkettingtegnologie en kriptogeldeenhede versnel. Namate sentrale banke regoor die wêreld die moontlikheid ondersoek het om digitale geldeenhede uit te reik, het die belangstelling in [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]] en nie-vervangbare tokens gegroei, wat nuwe weë vir innovasie in die finansiëletegnologiesektor geopen het.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=DeFi's Promise and Pitfalls |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666764923000280 |access-date=2024-07-20 |journal=FinTech |volume=3 |issue=2 |article-number=100028 |date=2023-04-01 |doi=10.1016/j.fin.2023.100028 |last=Schar |first=Fabian|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
=== Afrika ===
Die finansiëletegnologielandskap in Afrika is aan die groei, met aktiewe maatskappye wat 1 263 in 2024 bereik het, 'n beduidende toename vanaf 1 049 in 2022 en 450 in 2020.<ref name="unlock">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20240033-finance-in-africa |title=Finance in Africa: Unlocking Investment in an Era of Digital Transformation and Climate Transition |date=2024-11-07 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5767-7}}</ref> Nigerië lei die finansiëletegnologiesektor en verteenwoordig 28% van alle finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye op die vasteland, en huisves agt van Afrika se nege fintegeenhorings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Remains Africa's Fintech Powerhouse |url=https://furtherafrica.com/2025/08/25/nigeria-remains-africas-fintech-powerhouse/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Further Africa |date=2025-08-25}}</ref>
Teen vroeg 2025 was Nigerië die tuiste van meer as 430 fintegmaatskappye, 'n toename van 70% jaar-op-jaar, met finteg wat 72% van die land se totale aandelebefondsing verteenwoordig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria's Fintech Sector Surges 70% Despite Challenges |url=https://fintechnews.africa/44869/fintech-nigeria/nigerias-fintech-sector-surges-70-despite-challenges/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News Africa |date=2025-03-13}}</ref> Afrikaanse fintegbeginondernemings het in 2025 gesamentlik meer as VS$3 miljard aan bekendgemaakte befondsing ingesamel, 'n toename van 33% jaar-op-jaar, terwyl die sektor van vinnige skaalvergroting na volhoubare groei en winsgewendheid verskuif het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Fintechs Projected to Grow Profitably in 2026 |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202601080119.html |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=AllAfrica |date=2026-01-08}}</ref>
=== Midde-Ooste ===
Die [[Verenigde Arabiese Emirate]] het na vore getree as die voorste fintegsentrum in die streek van die Midde-Ooste en Noord-Afrika (MENA). Die VAE huisves ongeveer 'n kwart van alle fintegmaatskappye in die MENA-streek, ondersteun deur twee finansiële vryhandelsones met onafhanklike regulatoriese raamwerke: die Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), gereguleer deur die Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA), en die Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM), gereguleer deur die Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintech 2025 – UAE|url=https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/fintech-2025/uae/trends-and-developments |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Chambers and Partners |date=2025}}</ref> Teen 2025 het die DIFC gegroei tot meer as 1 500 finteg-, kunsmatige-intelligensie- en innovasiefirmas, wat negende geplaas het onder wêreldwye fintegsentrums volgens die Global Financial Centres Index, en eerste in die Midde-Ooste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 in Review: AI, Tokenization, Islamic Finance Dominate UAE Fintech Landscape |url=https://fintechnews.ae/29466/abudhabi/2025-in-review-ai-tokenization-islamic-finance-dominate-uae-fintech-landscape/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News UAE |date=2025-12-22}}</ref>
[[Israel]] huisves 'n gevestigde fintegsektor.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Anders as die VAE se vryhandelsone-model, het Israel 'n statutêre regulatoriese sandput-model nagestreef, wat deur 'n interministeriële span voorgestel is en in die 2021-wetsontwerp vir die Aanmoediging van Tegnologiese Ontwikkeling op die Finansiële Gebied uiteengesit is.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Die voorgestelde raamwerk, wat vanaf 2025 steeds op die wetsontwerpstadium bly, word geadministreer deur 'n komitee van die land se vernaamste finansiële reguleerders (die Ministerie van Finansies, die Bank van Israel, die kapitaalmark-, versekerings- en spaargesag, die Israelse Effektegesag, en die owerheid vir die bekamping van geldwassery), wat bedoel is om as 'n gekoördineerde toegangspunt vir deelnemende firmas te dien.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cahane |first1=Amir |last2=Sierra |first2=Michael |date=Januarie 2025|title=Nascent regulatory sandbox frameworks for AI in Israel |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/nascent-regulatory-sandbox-frameworks-for-ai-in-israel/C9E5B9630A678D809BDA109AE018881A |journal=Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance |language=en |volume=1 |article-number=e40 |doi=10.1017/cfl.2025.10032 |issn=3033-3733}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Plato-Shinar |first=Ruth |date=2021 |title=Thinking Outside the Box: The New Regulatory Sandbox Regime in Israel |journal=Banking & Finance L. Rev. |volume=36 |issue=3 |ssrn=3829880 }}</ref>
== 2020's ==
Die 2020's het 'n nuwe fase in finansiële tegnologie ingelui, gekenmerk deur die hoofstroomaanvaarding van kunsmatige intelligensie regoor finansiële dienste. Vanaf 2023 is generatiewe KI-hulpmiddels deur banke, betalingsverwerkers en beleggingsplatforms aangeneem om kliëntediens, kredietbesluitneming, bedrogopsporing en portefeuljebestuur te outomatiseer.
Die vinnige integrasie van KI in finansiële infrastruktuur het ook regulatoriese aandag getrek. In Mei 2026 het die [[Internasionale Monetêre Fonds]] gewaarsku dat KI-aangedrewe kuberaanvalle sistemiese risiko's vir wêreldwye finansiële stabiliteit inhou, en opgemerk dat gevorderde modelle die tyd en koste wat nodig is om kwesbaarhede regoor onderling gekoppelde bankstelsels te identifiseer en uit te buit, dramaties kan verminder, terwyl uiterste kubervoorvalle finansieringsdruk kan veroorsaak en breër markte kan ontwrig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Risks Mount as Artificial Intelligence Fuels Cyberattacks|url=https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2026/05/07/financial-stability-risks-mount-as-artificial-intelligence-fuels-cyberattacks|website=International Monetary Fund|date=2026-05-07|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die Federale Reserwe se Finansiële Stabiliteitsverslag van die lente van 2026 het bevind dat 50% van markkontakte KI as 'n potensiële sistemiese skok vir finansiële markte geïdentifiseer het, teenoor 9% die vorige jaar, wat 'n meer as vyfvoudige toename in waargenome KI-verwante sistemiese risiko oor twaalf maande verteenwoordig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Report, May 2026|url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/financial-stability-report20260508.pdf|website=Federal Reserve|date=2026-05-08|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die dekade het ook beduidende finteguitbreiding in ontluikende markte gesien. In Afrika het aktiewe fintegmaatskappye 1 263 in 2024 bereik, teenoor 450 in 2020, met Nigerië wat 28% van alle maatskappye op die vasteland verteenwoordig. In die GSR het regulatoriese sandputte wat deur die Dubai Financial Services Authority en Abu Dhabi Global Market gevestig is, finteglisensiëring versnel en 'n nuwe generasie digitale beleggingsplatforms in staat gestel om kleinhandelbeleggers regoor die streek te bereik.
== Bedryfslandskap ==
Die finansiëletegnologiebedryf sluit 'n uiteenlopende reeks finansiële dienste en tegnologieë in wat in verskeie kernareas gekategoriseer kan word. Baie maatskappye is oor meerdere areas heen aktief of skep nuwe nisse wat hierdie onderskeide vervaag.
{| class="wikitable"
! Kategorie
! Besonderhede
|-
| Bankwese en persoonlike finansies
| Digitale bankplatforms en neobanke wat gebruikersvriendelike koppelvlakke, uitgawesnasporing, finansiële beplanning en geïntegreerde persoonlike finansiële bestuurshulpmiddels bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hornuf|first1=Lars|last2=Klus|first2=Milan F.|last3=Lohwasser|first3=Todor S.|last4=Schwienbacher|first4=Armin|title=How do banks interact with fintech startups?|journal=Small Business Economics|year=2021|volume=57|issue=3|pages=1505–1526|doi=10.1007/s11187-020-00359-3|doi-access=free|hdl=10419/289149|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Betalings, fakture, oorbetalings en transaksies
| Digitale betaaloplossings, faktuurstelsels, eweknie-tot-eweknie-oordragte, internasionale oorbetalings, betaalstaatdienste, invorderings, en korporatiewe kaart- en uitgawebestuurstelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gomber|first1=Peter|last2=Koch|first2=Jascha-Alexander|last3=Siering|first3=Michael|title=Digital Finance and FinTech: Current research and future research directions|journal=Journal of Business Economics|year=2017|volume=87|issue=5|pages=537–580|doi=10.1007/s11573-017-0852-x}}</ref>
|-
| Lenings en krediet
| Eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms, [[Koop nou, betaal later|BNPL]], aanlyn persoonlike lenings en finansiering vir klein ondernemings, wat dikwels alternatiewe data en masjienleer vir kredietbeoordeling gebruik.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jagtiani|first1=Julapa|last2=Lemieux|first2=Catharine|title=The roles of alternative data and machine learning in fintech lending: Evidence from the LendingClub consumer platform|journal=Financial Management|year=2019|volume=48|issue=4|pages=1009–1029|doi=10.1111/fima.12295}}</ref>
|-
| Belegging en vermoënsbestuur
| Robo-adviseurs (vermoënsbestuursdienste wat algoritmes gebruik vir outomatiese beleggingsadvies en digitale portefeuljebestuur<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=Dominik|last2=Dorner|first2=Verena|last3=Weinhardt|first3=Christof|last4=Pusmaz|first4=Hakan|title=Designing a robo-advisor for risk-averse, low-budget consumers|journal=Electronic Markets|year=2018|volume=28|issue=3|pages=367–380|doi=10.1007/s12525-017-0279-9}}</ref>), aanlyn makelaars en [[Doen-dit-self-belegging|selfgerigte beleggingsplatforms]].
|-
| Kapitaalmarkte en batebestuur
| Algoritmiese handelsplatforms, markdata-ontleding en portefeulje-optimaliseringshulpmiddels vir institusionele handel en batebestuur.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kirilenko|first1=Andrei A.|last2=Lo|first2=Andrew W.|title=Moore's Law versus Murphy's Law: Algorithmic Trading and Its Discontents|journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives|year=2013|volume=27|issue=2|pages=51–72|doi=10.1257/jep.27.2.51|doi-access=free |hdl=1721.1/87768|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Insurtech en proptech
| Tegnologietoepassings in versekering en eiendom, wat gepersonaliseerde polisse, vaartbelynde eisprosesse en innoverende eiendomsbestuursoplossings bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Eling|first1=Martin|last2=Lehmann|first2=Martin|title=The impact of digitalization on the insurance value chain and the insurability of risks|journal=The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice|year=2018|volume=43|issue=3|pages=359–396|doi=10.1057/s41288-017-0073-0}}</ref>
|-
| [[Blokketting]], [[Kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] en [[Gedesentraliseerde finansies|DeFi]]
| Blokketting-gebaseerde tegnologieë wat kriptogeldeenhede en platforms vir gedesentraliseerde finansies (DeFi) moontlik maak vir meer deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Yan|last2=Bellavitis|first2=Cristiano|title=Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models|journal=Journal of Business Venturing Insights|year=2020|volume=13|article-number=e00151|doi=10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00151}}</ref>
|-
| Regtech, nakoming en sekuriteit
| Regulatoriese tegnologie-oplossings vir monitering, verslagdoening, nakoming, bedrogopsporing en kuberveiligheid in die finansiële sektor.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Arner|first1=Douglas W.|last2=Barberis|first2=Jànos|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley|title=FinTech, RegTech, and the reconceptualization of financial regulation|journal=Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business|year=2016|volume=37|issue=3|pages=371–413|url=https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njilb/vol37/iss3/2/}}</ref>
|-
| Infrastruktuur
| [[Kernbankwese|Kernbankstelsels]], finansiële data-samevoegingsdienste, oopbankwese-API's, Bankwese-as-'n-Diens- (BaaS) platforms, en gevorderde data-ontledingshulpmiddels wat die hele finansiëletegnologie-ekosisteem ondersteun.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Omarini|first1=Anna|title=Banks and Fintechs: How to Develop a Digital Open Banking Approach for the Bank's Future|journal=International Business Research|year=2018|volume=11|issue=9|pages=23–36|doi=10.5539/ibr.v11n9p23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zetzsche|first1=Dirk A.|last2=Arner|first2=Douglas W.|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P.|last4=Weber|first4=Rolf H.|title=The Future of Data-Driven Finance and RegTech: Lessons from EU Big Bang II|journal=Stanford Journal of Law, Business & Finance|year=2019|volume=25|issue=2|pages=245–288|ssrn=3359399 }}</ref>
|}
== Inkomstemodelle ==
Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye gebruik verskeie inkomstemodelle en kombineer dikwels meerdere benaderings om inkomstestrome te diversifiseer.
Transaksiefooie vorm 'n primêre inkomstebron vir baie finansiëletegnologie-ondernemings, veral betalingsverwerkers en kriptogeldeenheidbeurse. Hierdie maatskappye hef tipies 'n persentasie van elke verwerkte transaksie. Sommige maatskappye het hierdie model uitgebrei om premiefooie vir dienste soos onmiddellike uitbetalings in te sluit, wat handelaars bedien wat onmiddellike toegang tot fondse benodig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement |url=https://s201.q4cdn.com/231198771/files/doc_financials/2024/ar/PayPal-Holdings-Inc-Combined-2024-Proxy-Statement-and-2023-Annual-Report.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Paypal Investor Report }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coinbase Shareholder Letter First Quarter 2024 |url=https://s27.q4cdn.com/397450999/files/doc_financials/2024/05/Shareholder-Letter-Q1-2024.pdf|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Coinbase Investor Report}}</ref> Uitruilfooie verteenwoordig nog 'n beduidende inkomstestroom, veral vir firmas wat betaalkaarte aanbied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merchant Indifference Test Application |url=https://www.bundesbank.de/resource/blob/634960/f74645a59a2ada2d858a3c91ee2508df/mL/2014-09-16-merchant-indifference-test-application-data.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=bundesbank}}</ref>
[[Lêer:Gao-report-on-interchange.gif|duimnael|regs|250px|GAO-verslagbeeld wat uitruilfooie verduidelik]]
Intekening- en freemium-modelle stel maatskappye in staat om basiese dienste gratis aan te bied terwyl hulle vir gevorderde kenmerke of premievlakke hef.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolut 2023 Annual Report |url=https://cdn.revolut.com/pdf/annualreport2023.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Revolut}}</ref> Hierdie benadering is algemeen onder digitale banke en finansiële bestuursplatforms. In die besigheid-tot-besigheid- (B2B) sektor is gebruiksgebaseerde prysbepaling algemeen, veral vir API-dienste. Verskaffers van finansiëletegnologie-infrastruktuur hef dikwels op grond van die volume API-oproepe of transaksies wat verwerk word, wat ander ondernemings in staat stel om toegang tot gespesialiseerde finansiële dienste te verkry sonder om dit intern te ontwikkel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revenue Opportunities Created By Open APIs |url=https://www.fisglobal.com/-/media/fisglobal/files/pdf/white-paper/realizing-revenue-opportunities-with-open-apis.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=fisglobal}}</ref>
Rentegebaseerde inkomste is van kardinale belang vir baie finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye, veral in die bank- en leningsektore. Digitale banke en beleggingsplatforms verdien tipies rente op kliëntedeposito's en kontantsaldo's. Leningsplatforms kombineer dikwels rente-inkomste met leningsverkope, deur gedeeltes van hul leningsportefeuljes aan ander instellings of beleggers te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LendingClub Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Results |url=https://ir.lendingclub.com/news/news-details/2023/LendingClub-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2022-Results/default.aspx |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=LendingClub Investor Relations |date=2023-01-25}}</ref>
Datagedrewe inkomstemodelle, hoewel potensieel winsgewend, het toenemende ondersoek en regulering in die gesig gestaar. Sommige firmas is by datamonetisering betrokke deur saamgevoegde of geanonimiseerde gebruikersdata aan derde partye te verkoop. Hierdie praktyk het egter privaatheidskwessies en regulatoriese uitdagings laat ontstaan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawmakers Call for Investigation of Fintech Company Yodlee's Data Selling |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lawmakers-call-for-investigation-of-fintech-firm-yodlees-data-selling-11579269600 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=WSJ |date=2020-01-17}}</ref> 'n Minder omstrede benadering behels die benutting van gebruikersdata vir geteikende advertensies en loodgenerering, waar inkomste deur produkaanbevelings en verwysingsfooie verdien word terwyl gratis dienste aan gebruikers verskaf word.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intuit Investor Dat 2023 |url=https://investors.intuit.com/_assets/_85ab9fac85f2c84ae8711d96ca5b2870/intuit/db/923/9393/pdf/Intuit-Investor-Day-2023_E2E-PRINT-Deck_092723-1.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Intuit}}</ref>
Sommige inkomstemodelle, soos betaling vir bestellingsvloei (PFOF) wat deur sekere makelaarsfirmas gebruik word, beweeg in 'n regulatoriese grys gebied. Hoewel PFOF kommissievrye transaksies moontlik maak, wat moontlik kleinhandelbeleggers bevoordeel, is dit onder die soeklig weens kommer oor belangebotsings en beste-uitvoeringspraktyke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEC Charges Robinhood Financial With Misleading Customers About Revenue Sources and Failing to Satisfy Duty of Best Execution |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-321 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SEC.gov |date=2020-12-17}}</ref>
== Infrastruktuur ==
Moderne finansiële tegnologie berus op 'n gedeelde laag van tegniese infrastruktuur wat toepassings, banke en derdepartyverskaffers in staat stel om data veilig uit te ruil en transaksies te inisieer. Sentraal tot hierdie infrastruktuur is gestandaardiseerde toepassingsprogrammeringskoppelvlakke (API's), wat sagtewarestelsels toelaat om met mekaar te kommunikeer sonder om die onderliggende kode of data direk bloot te stel. Die sekuriteit van hierdie integrasies word bepaal deur protokolle soos OAuth 2.0 en OpenID Connect, en in finansiële dienste spesifiek deur die Financial-grade API- (FAPI) standaard — 'n sekuriteitsprofiel wat deur die OpenID Foundation ontwikkel is en wat definieer hoe API's wat sensitiewe finansiële data hanteer, kliënte moet verifieer, toestemming moet bestuur en die onweerlegbaarheid van transaksies moet verseker.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAPI Working Group |url=https://openid.net/wg/fapi/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=OpenID Foundation}}</ref>
Oopbankwese verteenwoordig die mees beduidende regulatoriese formalisering van hierdie API-infrastruktuur tot op hede. Onder oopbankwese-raamwerke word banke verplig om kliënterekeningdata en betalingsdienste via gestandaardiseerde API's aan gemagtigde derde partye beskikbaar te stel, onderhewig aan uitdruklike kliëntetoestemming. Die model is eerste op groot skaal verplig deur die [[Europese Unie]] se hersiene Betalingsdiensterigtlyn (PSD2) in 2018 en die VK se Open Banking Standard, wat ná 'n uitspraak van die Competition and Markets Authority in 2016 gevestig is.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025 |title=OBL Impact Report 7 |url=https://www.openbanking.org.uk/insights/obl-impact-report-7-open-banking-delivers-real-world-impact-as-adoption-accelerates-year-on-year/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Open Banking Limited}}</ref> Vergelykbare raamwerke is sedertdien wêreldwyd aangeneem, insluitend die Financial Data Exchange- (FDX) standaard in die Verenigde State en die Consumer Data Right (CDR) in Australië, hoewel hierdie verskil ten opsigte van terminologie, tegniese standaarde en implementeringsmodel.<ref>{{cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=The Anatomy of a Thriving Open Banking Ecosystem |url=https://ozoneapi.com/blog/the-anatomy-of-a-thriving-open-banking-ecosystem/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Ozone API}}</ref> Teen 2024 is die wêreldwye oopbankwesemark op ongeveer $31,6 miljard gewaardeer en dit sal na verwagting teen 2030 $135 miljard bereik.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Banking Market Size & Share |url=https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/open-banking-systems-market |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Grand View Research}}</ref>
== Kontroversies ==
Namate finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye poog om tradisionele [[finansiële dienste]] te ontwrig, is sommige gekritiseer omdat hulle groei bo nakoming, sekuriteit en verbruikersbeskerming gestel het.
In 'n noemenswaardige kontroversie het die kriptogeldeenheidbeurs FTX in November 2022 ineengestort te midde van beskuldigings van misleidende praktyke, onbehoorlike hantering van kliëntebates en onvoldoende risikobeheer.<ref>{{cite news|first=MacKenzie|last=Sigalos|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/15/how-sam-bankman-frieds-ftx-alameda-empire-vanished-overnight.html|title=How Sam Bankman-Fried's crypto empire vanished overnight|date=2022-11-11|work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref>
[[Sam Bankman-Fried]], FTX se stigter en uitvoerende hoof, is later skuldig bevind aan bedrog per elektroniese kommunikasie (''wire fraud''), sameswering en [[geldwassery]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=David|last1=Yaffe-Bellany|first2=Matthew|last2=Goldstein|first3=J. Edward|last3=Moreno|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|title=Sam Bankman-Fried Is Found Guilty of 7 Counts of Fraud and Conspiracy|date=2022-12-13|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202030700/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|archive-date=2023-12-02}}</ref>
== Verwysings en aantekeninge ==
{{Reflist|35em}}
== Verdere leesstof ==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Teigland |editor1-first=R. |editor2-last=Siri |editor2-first=S.
|editor3-last=Larsson |editor3-first=A. |editor4-last=Puertas |editor4-first=A. M. |editor5-last=Bogusz |editor5-first=C. I. |title=The Rise and Development of FinTech (Open Access): Accounts of Disruption from Sweden and Beyond |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-8153-7850-1 |ref=none}}
* {{cite journal |first=Johannes |last=Treu |title=The Fintech Sensation – What is it about? |journal=Journal of International Business and Management |volume=5 |issue=1 |year=2022 |pages=1–19 |url=https://rpajournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/JIBM-2021-11-2094.pdf |access-date=2023-02-23|doi=10.37227/JIBM-2021-11-2094|issn=2616-5163|ref=none}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Finansiële dienste]]
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{{Kort beskrywing|Deelversameling van tegnologieë wat in finansies gebruik word}}
[[Lêer:Luchtfoto van Lower Manhattan.jpg|duimnael|263px|[[New York-stad]], die wêreld se vernaamste finteg- en finansiële sentrum<ref name=NewYorkFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld>{{cite web |url = https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-37-explore-the-data/gfci-37-rank/|title = The Global Financial Centres Index 37|publisher = Long Finance|access-date = 2 Junie 2025}}</ref>]]
'''Finansiële tegnologie''' (afgekort as '''finteg'''<ref name="Netwerk24, g.d.">{{Cite web| last = Delport| first = Dennis| title = ANC dien strafregtelike klagte teen DA se Burke in| work = [[Netwerk24]] | access-date = 2026-08-21| url = https://www.netwerk24.com/nuus/politiek/anc-dien-strafregtelike-klagte-teen-da-se-burke-in-20260821-0510}}</ref>) verwys na die toepassing van nuwe tegnologieë op produkte en dienste in die finansiële bedryf. Hierdie breë term omvat 'n wye verskeidenheid tegnologiese hulpmiddels in finansiële dienste, insluitend mobiele bankdienste, aanlyn leningsplatforms, digitale betaalstelsels, robo-adviseurs en [[blokketting]]-gebaseerde toepassings soos [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schindler |first=John W. |date=2017 |title=FinTech and Financial Innovation: Drivers and Depth |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2017081pap.pdf |journal=Finance and Economics Discussion Series |volume=2017 |issue=81 |doi=10.17016/FEDS.2017.081 |issn=1936-2854}}</ref> Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye sluit sowel [[beginonderneming]]s as gevestigde tegnologie- en finansiële firmas in wat daarop gemik is om tradisionele finansiële dienste te verbeter, aan te vul of te vervang.
== Ontwikkeling ==
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie strek oor meer as 'n eeu en word gekenmerk deur beduidende tegnologiese innovasies wat die finansiële bedryf hervorm het. Hoewel die toepassing van tegnologie op finansies diep historiese wortels het, het die term "finansiële tegnologie" in die laat 20ste eeu ontstaan en in die 1990's bekendheid verwerf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967">{{Cite news |title=Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/434041835/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |work=The Boston Globe |date=1967-08-27 |page=116}}</ref>
Die vroegste gedokumenteerde gebruik van die term dateer terug na 1967, toe dit in 'n artikel in ''The Boston Globe'' met die titel "Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money" verskyn het. Hierdie berig het gehandel oor 'n beginbeleggingsmaatskappy wat deur voormalige uitvoerende beamptes van die Computer Control Company gestig is, met die doel om waagkapitaal en bedryfskundigheid aan beginondernemings in die finansiëletegnologiebedryf te verskaf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967" />
Die term het egter eers in die vroeë 1990's gewild geword toe Citicorp se voorsitter John Reed dit gebruik het om die Financial Services Technology Consortium te beskryf. Hierdie projek, wat deur Citigroup geïnisieer is, is ontwerp om tegnologiese samewerking in die finansiële sektor te bevorder en was 'n keerpunt in die bedryf se gesamentlike benadering tot innovasie.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal">{{Cite journal |last1=Arner |first1=Douglas W. |last2=Barberis |first2=Jànos |last3=Buckley |first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley |date=2016 |title=The Evolution of Fintech: A New Post-Crisis Paradigm? |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Law |volume=47 |pages=1271–1319 |ssrn=2676553 |issn=1550-5200 }}</ref>
Die finansiëletegnologie-ekosisteem sluit verskeie soorte maatskappye in. Hoewel beginondernemings wat nuwe finansiële tegnologieë of dienste ontwikkel dikwels met finansiële tegnologie geassosieer word, omvat die sektor ook gevestigde tegnologiemaatskappye wat na finansiële dienste uitbrei, sowel as tradisionele finansiële instellings wat nuwe tegnologieë aanneem. Hierdie uiteenlopende landskap het tot innovasies in verskeie finansiële sektore gelei, insluitend bankwese, [[versekering]], [[belegging]] en betaalstelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=In|last2=Shin|first2=Yong Jae|title=Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges|journal=Business Horizons|year=2018|volume=61|issue=1|pages=35–46|doi=10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003}}</ref> Finansiëletegnologietoepassings strek oor 'n wye verskeidenheid finansiële dienste. Dit sluit digitale bankwese, mobiele betalings en digitale beursies, eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms, robo-adviseurs en algoritmiese handel, insurtech, [[blokketting]] en [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]], regulatoriese tegnologie en skarefinansieringsplatforms in.
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie behels dikwels die oorvleueling van telekommunikasie-ingenieurswese met finansies. Byvoorbeeld, vroeë eksperimentering met [[Nabyveldkommunikasie|NFC]]-betalingstandaarde in die 2010's het sommige ontwikkelaars daartoe gelei om verspreide grootboeke as 'n agterkant vir skaalbare mobiele betalings te verken, in 'n poging om die deurset-beperkings van tradisionele bankinfrastruktuur op te los sonder om op gesentraliseerde tussengangers staat te maak.<ref>{{cite news |last=Olson |first=Parmy |title=This Hermetic Engineer Is Plotting The Death Of Blockchain |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2019/01/09/this-hermetic-engineer-is-plotting-the-death-of-blockchain/ |newspaper=Forbes |date=9 Januarie 2019 |access-date=28 Desember 2025}}</ref>
=== Uitwerking op finansiële insluiting ===
Daar is toenemende empiriese bewyse dat finteginnovasies, veral digitale betaalstelsels, mobiele geld en aanlyn finansiële platforms, beduidend tot finansiële insluiting bydra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why financial inclusion is the key to a thriving economy |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208214438/https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-date=2025-12-08 |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Fintech Impacts Financial Inclusion |url=https://www.phoenix.edu/articles/finance/fintech-impact-on-financial-inclusion.html |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=University of Phoenix |language=en}}</ref> 'n Sistematiese oorsig van 2025 het bevind dat sulke tegnologieë toegang tot finansiële dienste in ontwikkelende en onderbediende gemeenskappe verbeter deur hindernisse tot bankwese te verminder en veilige, bekostigbare transaksies moontlik te maak.<ref>{{cite journal
|last1=Shahen
|first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud
|last2=Sharaf
|first2=Mesbah Fathy
|title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review
|journal=FinTech
|volume=4
|issue=4
|year=2025
|pages=59
|doi=10.3390/fintech4040059
|doi-access=free
}}</ref>
Ten spyte van die algeheel positiewe uitwerking op finansiële insluiting, kan digitale finansiële dienste mense uitsluit wat beperkte internettoegang, lae digitale of finansiële geletterdheid, of minder vertroue in die gebruik van aanlyn dienste het. Dit wek ook verbruikersbeskermingskwessies rondom bedrog, kuberveiligheid en dataprivaatheid.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-07 |title=Supporting informed and safe use of digital payments through digital financial literacy: Full Report |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/supporting-informed-and-safe-use-of-digital-payments-through-digital-financial-literacy_21de47d1-en/full-report.html |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=OECD |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial Inclusion {{!}} World Bank Group |url=https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/topic/financial-sector/financial-inclusion |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref>
== Geskiedenis ==
=== Grondslae ===
Die laat 19de eeu het die grondslag gelê vir vroeë finansiële tegnologie met die ontwikkeling van die [[telegraaf]] en transatlantiese kabelstelsels. Hierdie innovasies het die oordrag van finansiële inligting oor grense heen verander en vinniger en doeltreffender kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings moontlik gemaak.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal" />
'n Belangrike mylpaal in elektroniese geldbeweging het gekom met die stigting van die Fedwire Funds Service deur die Federale Reserwebank in 1918. Hierdie vroeë elektroniese fondsoordragstelsel het [[telegraaf]]lyne gebruik om veilige oordragte tussen lidbanke te fasiliteer, en was een van die eerste gevalle van elektroniese geldbeweging.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gilbert |first1=Adam M. |last2=Hunt |first2=Dara |last3=Winch |first3=Kenneth C. |title=Creating an Integrated Payment System: The Evolution of Fedwire |url=https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/epr/97v03n2/9707gilb.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=newyorkfed.org |date=1997}}</ref>
Die 1950's het 'n nuwe era van verbruikersfinansiële dienste ingelui. [[Diners Club International]] het in 1950 die eerste universele [[kredietkaart]] bekendgestel, 'n keerpunt wat verbruikersbesteding en krediet sou hervorm. Hierdie innovasie het die weg gebaan vir die bekendstelling van [[American Express]]-kaarte in 1958 en die BankAmericard (later Visa) in 1959, wat die kredietkaartbedryf verder uitgebrei het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=David S. |last2=Schmalensee |first2=Richard |author-link2=Richard L. Schmalensee |date=2005 |title=The Economics of Interchange Fees and Their Regulation: An Overview |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/18181/4548-05.pdf|journal=MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4548-05 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.744705}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stearns |first=David L. |date=2011 |title=Electronic Value Exchange: Origins of the VISA Electronic Payment System |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-84996-138-7}}</ref>
=== Digitale rewolusie ===
Die 1960's en 1970's het die begin gemerk van die verskuiwing van analoë na digitale finansies, met verskeie baanbrekende ontwikkelings wat die toekoms van finansiële tegnologie gevorm het.
In 1967 het Barclays die wêreld se eerste OTM in [[Londen]] bekendgestel, wat toegang tot kontant en basiese bankdienste uitgebrei het. Die OTM, wat deur verkoopmasjiene geïnspireer is, was 'n beduidende stap in die rigting van selfdiensbankwese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From the archives: the ATM is 50 |url=https://home.barclays/news/2017/06/from-the-archives-the-atm-is-50/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Barclays |date=2017-06-27}}</ref>
Finansiëletegnologie-infrastruktuur het verder ontwikkel met die stigting van die Inter-bank Computer Bureau in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] in 1968. Hierdie ontwikkeling het die grondslag gelê vir die land se eerste geoutomatiseerde verrekeningskamerstelsel, wat uiteindelik in BACS (Bankers' Automated Clearing Services) ontwikkel het om elektroniese fondsoordragte tussen banke te fasiliteer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Payment systems in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.bis.org/cpmi/paysys/unitedkingdomcomp.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=BIS}}</ref>
Die wêreld van effektehandel is in 1971 verander met die stigting van [[NASDAQ]], die wêreld se eerste digitale [[effektebeurs]]. NASDAQ se elektroniese noteringstelsel was 'n beduidende sprong vorentoe vanaf die tradisionele stelsel van oop uitroep wat op effektebeurse gebruik is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nasdaq: 50 Years of Market Innovation |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/nasdaq%3A-50-years-of-market-innovation-2021-02-11 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nasdaq}}</ref>
Twee jaar later het die stigting van SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings wêreldwyd gestandaardiseer en beveilig. SWIFT se boodskapstelsel het die wêreldwye standaard vir internasionale geld- en effekte-oordragte geword.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=Susan V. |last2=Zachariadis |first2=Markos |date=2012-08-01 |title=Origins and development of SWIFT, 1973–2009 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |journal=Business History Review |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=461–502 |doi=10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |issn=0007-6791|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Die invoering van elektroniese fondsoordragstelsels, soos die ACH (Automated Clearing House) in die [[Verenigde State]], het vinniger en doeltreffender geldoordragte moontlik gemaak. Die ACH-netwerk het direkte deposito's, betaalstaatbetalings en elektroniese rekeningbetalings moontlik gemaak, wat die behoefte aan [[tjek|papiertjeks]] aansienlik verminder het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the ACH Network |url=https://www.nacha.org/content/history-nacha-and-ach-network |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nacha}}</ref>
=== Opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste ===
[[Lêer:Bloomberg Terminal Museum.jpg|duimnael|263px|Bloomberg-terminaalmuseum in [[Manhattan]]]]
Die 1980's en 1990's was getuie van beduidende ontwikkelings in finansiële tegnologie, met die opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste en die vroeë stadiums van aanlyn bankwese. 'n Groot deurbraak het gekom toe Michael Bloomberg Innovative Market Systems (later Bloomberg L.P.) gestig en die Bloomberg-terminaal bekendgestel het. Hierdie innovasie het verander hoe finansiële professionele persone markdata verkry en ontleed het, deur intydse finansiële markdata, ontledings en nuus aan finansiële instellings wêreldwyd te verskaf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloomberg: The Early Years |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/company/stories/bloomberg-the-early-years/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref>
Aanlyn bankwese het in die vroeë 1980's ontstaan, toe die Bank of Scotland die eerste aanlyn bankdiens in die VK, genaamd Homelink, aangebied het. Hierdie diens het kliënte in staat gestel om state te bekyk, geld oor te plaas en rekenings te betaal met behulp van hul [[televisie]]s en [[Telefoon|telefone]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Move Fast In Home Banking |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/02/business/british-move-fast-in-home-banking.html |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The New York Times |date=1984-01-02}}</ref>
Die laat 1980's het die ontwikkeling van EDI-standaarde (Electronic Data Interchange) gesien, wat ondernemings in staat gestel het om finansiële dokumente elektronies uit te ruil en B2B-transaksies (besigheid-tot-besigheid) te vereenvoudig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)? |url=https://www.sap.com/products/business-network/supply-chain-collaboration/what-is-edi.html|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SAP}}</ref>
'n Beduidende mylpaal in digitale verbruikersbankwese het in 1994 gekom toe die Stanford Federal Credit Union die eerste internetbankwese-webwerf bekendgestel het. Hierdie diens het lede aanvanklik in staat gestel om rekeningsaldo's aanlyn na te gaan, met rekeningbetalingsfunksionaliteit wat in 1997 bygevoeg is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford Federal Credit Union Pioneers Online Financial Services |url=https://app.articleonepartners.com/study/download?file_id=637 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=AOP Connect}}</ref> Dit was egter eers in 1999 dat die eerste staatsgeoktrooieerde, FDIC-versekerde instelling wat hoofsaaklik aanlyn bedryf is, gestig is. First Internet Bank, gestig deur David Becker, het 'n nuwe era in aanlyn-alleen bankwese ingelui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Internet Bank Launches Real-Time Internet Banking Services |url=https://www.firstib.com/about-us/news-resources/press-news/first-internet-bank-launches-real-time-internet-banking-services/|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=First Internet Bank |date=1999-02-22}}</ref>
=== Dot-com-era ===
Die laat 1990's en vroeë 2000's was 'n beduidende keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie, aangesien talle innovasies gedurende die [[dot-com-borrel|dot-com-hoogbloei]] ontstaan het. Een noemenswaardige ontwikkeling was die opkoms van aanlyn handelsplatforms, met E-Trade, wat in 1982 gestig is, aan die voorpunt. In 1992 het E-Trade een van die eerste finansiëledienstemaatskappye geword wat aanlyn handel aan verbruikers aangebied het, wat die manier waarop individue met die aandelemark omgegaan het, omvorm het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=E*TRADE Financial Corporation History |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/e-trade-morgan-stanley/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes}}</ref>
Nog 'n deurslaggewende oomblik was die stigting van [[PayPal]] in 1998. PayPal se sukses met die skep van 'n veilige en gebruikersvriendelike aanlyn betaalstelsel het die lewensvatbaarheid van digitale betaaloplossings gedemonstreer en die weg gebaan vir talle daaropvolgende finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tripsas |first1=Mary |date=2009 |title=Technology, Identity, and Inertia Through the Lens of "The Digital Photography Company" |journal=Organization Science |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=441–460 |doi=10.1287/orsc.1080.0419 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1270568_code698198.pdf?abstractid=1270568&mirid=1&type=2 }}; {{Cite book |last1=Vartanian |first1=Thomas P. |last2=Ledig |first2=Robert H. |last3=Bruneau |first3=Lynn |date=1998 |title=21st Century Money, Banking & Commerce |publisher=Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP |isbn=978-0-9663317-3-8}}</ref>
Die vroeë 2000's het ook die opkoms van innoverende sakemodelle in die finansiëledienstebedryf gesien. WebBank, wat in 1997 gestig is, het in 2005 begin om 'n "huur-'n-oktrooi"-model (''rent-a-charter'') aan te bied, wat die nodige bankinfrastruktuur en regulatoriese nakoming verskaf het sodat finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings bankdienste kon aanbied sonder om hul eie oktrooie te bekom. Hierdie model sou later van kardinale belang blyk te wees om die groei van talle finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye moontlik te maak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Rent-a-Charter: Examining New Risks Behind Bank-Fintech Partnerships |url=https://sites.duke.edu/thefinregblog/2020/01/23/the-rise-of-rent-a-charter-examining-new-risks-behind-bank-fintech-partnerships/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The FinReg Blog |publisher=Duke University School of Law |date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
=== Ná die finansiële krisis van 2008 ===
Die finansiële krisis van 2008 het as katalisator vir die vinnige groei van die finansiëletegnologiebedryf gedien, aangesien dalende vertroue in tradisionele finansiële instellings geleenthede vir innoverende, tegnologiegedrewe oplossings geskep het. Die vroeë dae van die na-krisis-era het die opkoms van digitale geldeenhede gesien, met e-Gold as 'n voorloper van die ontwikkeling van [[Bitcoin]]. Hoewel e-Gold, wat gebruikers toegelaat het om rekenings in gram goud te skep en onmiddellike oordragte moontlik gemaak het, uiteindelik regsuitdagings en sluiting in die gesig gestaar het, het dit die grondslag vir toekomstige digitale geldeenhede gelê.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Bullion and Bandits: The Improbable Rise and Fall of E-Gold|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/06/e-gold/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Wired Magazine |last1=Zetter |first1=Kim }}</ref>
Die uitvinding van Bitcoin in 2008 deur 'n anonieme skepper wat die skuilnaam [[Satoshi Nakamoto]] gebruik het, was 'n keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van digitale geldeenhede en [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]]. Bitcoin se gebruik van [[blokketting]]tegnologie het 'n golf van ontwikkeling op die gebied van [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] ontketen en nuwe moontlikhede vir veilige, deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels geopen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System|url=https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf|author=Nakamoto, Satoshi|date=2008-10-31|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Namate die finansiëletegnologielandskap verder ontwikkel het, het nuwe betalingsverwerkingsmaatskappye die mark betree wat ontwikkelaarsvriendelike API's aangebied het wat aanlyn betalingsintegrasie dramaties vereenvoudig het. Deur die toetredingsdrempels vir [[e-handel]] en aanlyn finansiële dienste te verlaag, het hierdie maatskappye 'n deurslaggewende rol gespeel om die groei van nuwe finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings moontlik te maak en innovasie in die sektor aan te dryf.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chiu |first1=Iris H-Y |date=2017 |title=A new era in fintech payment innovations? A perspective from the institutions and regulation of payment systems |journal=Law, Innovation and Technology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=190–234 |doi=10.1080/17579961.2017.1377912|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1553175/ }}</ref>
Die vennootbankmodel, wat in die vroeë 2000's ontstaan het, het in die na-krisis-era beduidende momentum gekry. Hierdie model het verder uitgebrei as sy aanvanklike "huur-'n-oktrooi"-konsep en het in meer omvattende vennootskappe tussen tradisionele banke en finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye ontwikkel. Hierdie samewerkings het vinnige innovasie en marktoetrede moontlik gemaak, aangesien finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye die regulatoriese nakoming en infrastruktuur van gevestigde banke benut het terwyl hulle hul eie tegnologiese kundigheid en kliëntgesentreerde benaderings ingebring het. Dit het die groei van die finansiëletegnologiesektor verder versnel en die verspreiding van digitaal-eerste finansiële dienste moontlik gemaak.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Drasch |first1=Benedict J. |last2=Schweizer |first2=André |last3=Urbach |first3=Nils |date=2018 |title=Integrating the 'Troublemakers': A taxonomy for cooperation between banks and fintechs |journal=Journal of Economics and Business |volume=100 |pages=26–42 |doi=10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.04.002|url=https://www.fim-rc.de/Paperbibliothek/Veroeffentlicht/575/wi-575.pdf }}</ref> Die verrypking van hierdie model het die weg gebaan vir die opkoms van neobanke, wat tradisionele bankparadigmas uitgedaag het deur volkome digitale ervarings aan te bied en kliënteverwagtinge in die banksektor herdefinieer het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Banking as a Service |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/banking-needs-a-new-business-model-heres-a-blueprint-for-the-future |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=McKinsey & Company }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Die toenemende gebruik van [[slimfoon]]s het die ontwikkeling van mobiel-eerste finansiëletegnologie-oplossings aangedryf. Square se bekendstelling van 'n mobiele kaartleser in 2009 het klein ondernemings in staat gestel om kredietkaartbetalings met slimfone te aanvaar, wat toegang tot betalingsverwerking gedemokratiseer het en die transformerende potensiaal van mobiele tegnologie in die finansiëledienstebedryf beklemtoon het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Yufei |last2=Zhu |first2=Huiming |last3=Li |first3=Zhenhua |last4=Jiang |first4=Zhibin |date=2021 |title=Mobile Payment in China: Practice and Its Effects |journal=Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=56–69 |doi=10.24294/jipd.v5i1.1237|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
Die ontwikkeling van mobiele betaalstelsels het voortgeduur met die bekendstelling van Google Wallet in 2011 en Apple Pay in 2014, wat mobiele betalings verder gewild gemaak het en die groeiende verbruikersvraag na gerieflike, veilige en gebruikersvriendelike betaaloplossings gedemonstreer het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dahlberg |first1=Tomi |last2=Guo /|first2=Jie |last3=Ondrus |first3=Jan |date=2015 |title=A critical review of mobile payment research |journal=Electronic Commerce Research and Applications |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=265–284 |doi=10.1016/j.elerap.2015.07.006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Reuver |first1=Mark |last2=Ondrus |first2=Jan |last3=Bouwman |first3=Harry |author-link3=Harry Bouwman |date=2015 |title=Mobile payment systems: adoption patterns in different countries |journal=International Journal of Electronic Business |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=328–348 |doi=10.1504/IJEB.2015.071386}}</ref>
Hierdie tydperk het ook die opkoms van eweknie-tot-eweknie- (P2P) betalingstoepassings gesien. Hierdie platforms het die manier waarop individue geld oorplaas, omvorm deur vinnige en maklike transaksies tussen gebruikers moontlik te maak. Deur vinnige, direkte oordragte via mobiele toestelle toe te laat, het P2P-betalingstoepassings die wrywing in persoonlike finansiële transaksies aansienlik verminder en dit eenvoudiger gemaak vir mense om rekenings te verdeel, koste te deel of geld aan vriende en familie te stuur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Story of Venmo |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/03/12/the-story-of-venmo/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes |date=2018-03-12}}</ref>
=== Versnelde groei van digitale finansies ===
Die wêreldwye [[Covid-19-pandemie]], wat vroeg in 2020 begin het, het 'n diepgaande uitwerking op die finansiëletegnologiebedryf gehad, die aanvaarding van digitale finansiële dienste versnel en die belangrikheid van tegnologie in die versekering van die veerkragtigheid en toeganklikheid van finansiële stelsels beklemtoon. Namate inperkings en [[sosiale distansiëring|sosialedistansiëringsmaatreëls]] ondernemings en verbruikers genoodsaak het om swaarder op digitale kanale staat te maak, het finansiëletegnologie-oplossings 'n toename in aanvraag beleef.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fu |first1=Jonathan |last2=Mishra |first2=Mrinal |date=2020 |title=The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Fintech Adoption |journal=Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper No. 20-38 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3588453|ssrn=3588453 }}</ref>
Mobiel-eerste finansiëletegnologietoepassings het gedurende hierdie tydperk ongekende groei beleef. Baie handelsplatforms het beduidende toenames in nuwe gebruikersrekenings aangemeld, met sommige wat miljoene nuwe befondsde rekenings in die vroeë maande van die pandemie bygevoeg het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robinhood Raises $280 Million in Series F Funding Led by Sequoia |url=https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2020/5/4/robinhood-raises-280-million-in-series-f-funding-led-by-sequoia |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Robinhood Blog |date=2020-05-04}}</ref> Net so het betalings- en geldoordragtoepassings aansienlike gebruikersgroei beleef, met sommige platforms wat hul maandelikse aktiewe gebruikers oor 'n tydperk van drie jaar meer as verdubbel het, wat op 'n massiewe verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste dui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Block Q4 2022 Shareholder Letter |url=https://s29.q4cdn.com/628966176/files/doc_financials/2022/q4/Block_Shareholder-Letter-4Q22.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Block Investor Relations |date=2023-02-23}}</ref>
Die gebeure van 2020 het ook die beperkings van tradisionele finansiële instellings blootgelê om in die behoeftes van verbruikers en ondernemings in tye van krisis te voorsien. Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye, met hul ratse en tegnologiegedrewe sakemodelle, was beter geposisioneer om te reageer op die uitdagings van die vinnig veranderende omgewing, en het innoverende oplossings vir afstandbankwese, kontaklose betalings en digitale lenings gebied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How COVID-19 has sped up digitalization for the banking sector |url=https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=EY |date=2020-11-17 |archive-date=24 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224005908/https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector }}</ref>
Gedurende hierdie tydperk het [[waagkapitaal]]waardasies vir finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye die hoogte ingeskiet, aangedryf deur lae rentekoerse en 'n bloeiende aandelemark. Die toename in finansiëletegnologiebeleggings is gekenmerk deur beduidende kapitaalinvloei, wat tot hoër waardasies en meer gereelde uittredings via AOA's en SPAC's gelei het. Verskeie prominente finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye het rekordbrekende waardasies behaal, wat die sektor se groei en beleggersvertroue verder onderstreep het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintechs: A New Paradigm of Growth |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/financial%20services/our%20insights/fintechs%20a%20new%20paradigm%20%20of%20growth/fintechs-a-new-paradigm-of-growth.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=McKinsey & Company |date=2021-04-14}}</ref>
Die verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste gedurende hierdie tydperk het ook die aanvaarding van blokkettingtegnologie en kriptogeldeenhede versnel. Namate sentrale banke regoor die wêreld die moontlikheid ondersoek het om digitale geldeenhede uit te reik, het die belangstelling in [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]] en nie-vervangbare tokens gegroei, wat nuwe weë vir innovasie in die finansiëletegnologiesektor geopen het.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=DeFi's Promise and Pitfalls |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666764923000280 |access-date=2024-07-20 |journal=FinTech |volume=3 |issue=2 |article-number=100028 |date=2023-04-01 |doi=10.1016/j.fin.2023.100028 |last=Schar |first=Fabian|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
=== Afrika ===
Die finansiëletegnologielandskap in Afrika is aan die groei, met aktiewe maatskappye wat 1 263 in 2024 bereik het, 'n beduidende toename vanaf 1 049 in 2022 en 450 in 2020.<ref name="unlock">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20240033-finance-in-africa |title=Finance in Africa: Unlocking Investment in an Era of Digital Transformation and Climate Transition |date=2024-11-07 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5767-7}}</ref> Nigerië lei die finansiëletegnologiesektor en verteenwoordig 28% van alle finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye op die vasteland, en huisves agt van Afrika se nege fintegeenhorings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Remains Africa's Fintech Powerhouse |url=https://furtherafrica.com/2025/08/25/nigeria-remains-africas-fintech-powerhouse/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Further Africa |date=2025-08-25}}</ref>
Teen vroeg 2025 was Nigerië die tuiste van meer as 430 fintegmaatskappye, 'n toename van 70% jaar-op-jaar, met finteg wat 72% van die land se totale aandelebefondsing verteenwoordig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria's Fintech Sector Surges 70% Despite Challenges |url=https://fintechnews.africa/44869/fintech-nigeria/nigerias-fintech-sector-surges-70-despite-challenges/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News Africa |date=2025-03-13}}</ref> Afrikaanse fintegbeginondernemings het in 2025 gesamentlik meer as VS$3 miljard aan bekendgemaakte befondsing ingesamel, 'n toename van 33% jaar-op-jaar, terwyl die sektor van vinnige skaalvergroting na volhoubare groei en winsgewendheid verskuif het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Fintechs Projected to Grow Profitably in 2026 |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202601080119.html |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=AllAfrica |date=2026-01-08}}</ref>
=== Midde-Ooste ===
Die [[Verenigde Arabiese Emirate]] het na vore getree as die voorste fintegsentrum in die streek van die Midde-Ooste en Noord-Afrika (MENA). Die VAE huisves ongeveer 'n kwart van alle fintegmaatskappye in die MENA-streek, ondersteun deur twee finansiële vryhandelsones met onafhanklike regulatoriese raamwerke: die Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), gereguleer deur die Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA), en die Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM), gereguleer deur die Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintech 2025 – UAE|url=https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/fintech-2025/uae/trends-and-developments |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Chambers and Partners |date=2025}}</ref> Teen 2025 het die DIFC gegroei tot meer as 1 500 finteg-, kunsmatige-intelligensie- en innovasiefirmas, wat negende geplaas het onder wêreldwye fintegsentrums volgens die Global Financial Centres Index, en eerste in die Midde-Ooste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 in Review: AI, Tokenization, Islamic Finance Dominate UAE Fintech Landscape |url=https://fintechnews.ae/29466/abudhabi/2025-in-review-ai-tokenization-islamic-finance-dominate-uae-fintech-landscape/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News UAE |date=2025-12-22}}</ref>
[[Israel]] huisves 'n gevestigde fintegsektor.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Anders as die VAE se vryhandelsone-model, het Israel 'n statutêre regulatoriese sandput-model nagestreef, wat deur 'n interministeriële span voorgestel is en in die 2021-wetsontwerp vir die Aanmoediging van Tegnologiese Ontwikkeling op die Finansiële Gebied uiteengesit is.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Die voorgestelde raamwerk, wat vanaf 2025 steeds op die wetsontwerpstadium bly, word geadministreer deur 'n komitee van die land se vernaamste finansiële reguleerders (die Ministerie van Finansies, die Bank van Israel, die kapitaalmark-, versekerings- en spaargesag, die Israelse Effektegesag, en die owerheid vir die bekamping van geldwassery), wat bedoel is om as 'n gekoördineerde toegangspunt vir deelnemende firmas te dien.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cahane |first1=Amir |last2=Sierra |first2=Michael |date=Januarie 2025|title=Nascent regulatory sandbox frameworks for AI in Israel |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/nascent-regulatory-sandbox-frameworks-for-ai-in-israel/C9E5B9630A678D809BDA109AE018881A |journal=Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance |language=en |volume=1 |article-number=e40 |doi=10.1017/cfl.2025.10032 |issn=3033-3733}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Plato-Shinar |first=Ruth |date=2021 |title=Thinking Outside the Box: The New Regulatory Sandbox Regime in Israel |journal=Banking & Finance L. Rev. |volume=36 |issue=3 |ssrn=3829880 }}</ref>
== 2020's ==
Die 2020's het 'n nuwe fase in finansiële tegnologie ingelui, gekenmerk deur die hoofstroomaanvaarding van kunsmatige intelligensie regoor finansiële dienste. Vanaf 2023 is generatiewe KI-hulpmiddels deur banke, betalingsverwerkers en beleggingsplatforms aangeneem om kliëntediens, kredietbesluitneming, bedrogopsporing en portefeuljebestuur te outomatiseer.
Die vinnige integrasie van KI in finansiële infrastruktuur het ook regulatoriese aandag getrek. In Mei 2026 het die [[Internasionale Monetêre Fonds]] gewaarsku dat KI-aangedrewe kuberaanvalle sistemiese risiko's vir wêreldwye finansiële stabiliteit inhou, en opgemerk dat gevorderde modelle die tyd en koste wat nodig is om kwesbaarhede regoor onderling gekoppelde bankstelsels te identifiseer en uit te buit, dramaties kan verminder, terwyl uiterste kubervoorvalle finansieringsdruk kan veroorsaak en breër markte kan ontwrig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Risks Mount as Artificial Intelligence Fuels Cyberattacks|url=https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2026/05/07/financial-stability-risks-mount-as-artificial-intelligence-fuels-cyberattacks|website=International Monetary Fund|date=2026-05-07|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die Federale Reserwe se Finansiële Stabiliteitsverslag van die lente van 2026 het bevind dat 50% van markkontakte KI as 'n potensiële sistemiese skok vir finansiële markte geïdentifiseer het, teenoor 9% die vorige jaar, wat 'n meer as vyfvoudige toename in waargenome KI-verwante sistemiese risiko oor twaalf maande verteenwoordig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Report, May 2026|url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/financial-stability-report20260508.pdf|website=Federal Reserve|date=2026-05-08|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die dekade het ook beduidende finteguitbreiding in ontluikende markte gesien. In Afrika het aktiewe fintegmaatskappye 1 263 in 2024 bereik, teenoor 450 in 2020, met Nigerië wat 28% van alle maatskappye op die vasteland verteenwoordig. In die GSR het regulatoriese sandputte wat deur die Dubai Financial Services Authority en Abu Dhabi Global Market gevestig is, finteglisensiëring versnel en 'n nuwe generasie digitale beleggingsplatforms in staat gestel om kleinhandelbeleggers regoor die streek te bereik.
== Bedryfslandskap ==
Die finansiëletegnologiebedryf sluit 'n uiteenlopende reeks finansiële dienste en tegnologieë in wat in verskeie kernareas gekategoriseer kan word. Baie maatskappye is oor meerdere areas heen aktief of skep nuwe nisse wat hierdie onderskeide vervaag.
{| class="wikitable"
! Kategorie
! Besonderhede
|-
| Bankwese en persoonlike finansies
| Digitale bankplatforms en neobanke wat gebruikersvriendelike koppelvlakke, uitgawesnasporing, finansiële beplanning en geïntegreerde persoonlike finansiële bestuurshulpmiddels bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hornuf|first1=Lars|last2=Klus|first2=Milan F.|last3=Lohwasser|first3=Todor S.|last4=Schwienbacher|first4=Armin|title=How do banks interact with fintech startups?|journal=Small Business Economics|year=2021|volume=57|issue=3|pages=1505–1526|doi=10.1007/s11187-020-00359-3|doi-access=free|hdl=10419/289149|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Betalings, fakture, oorbetalings en transaksies
| Digitale betaaloplossings, faktuurstelsels, eweknie-tot-eweknie-oordragte, internasionale oorbetalings, betaalstaatdienste, invorderings, en korporatiewe kaart- en uitgawebestuurstelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gomber|first1=Peter|last2=Koch|first2=Jascha-Alexander|last3=Siering|first3=Michael|title=Digital Finance and FinTech: Current research and future research directions|journal=Journal of Business Economics|year=2017|volume=87|issue=5|pages=537–580|doi=10.1007/s11573-017-0852-x}}</ref>
|-
| Lenings en krediet
| Eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms, [[Koop nou, betaal later|BNPL]], aanlyn persoonlike lenings en finansiering vir klein ondernemings, wat dikwels alternatiewe data en masjienleer vir kredietbeoordeling gebruik.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jagtiani|first1=Julapa|last2=Lemieux|first2=Catharine|title=The roles of alternative data and machine learning in fintech lending: Evidence from the LendingClub consumer platform|journal=Financial Management|year=2019|volume=48|issue=4|pages=1009–1029|doi=10.1111/fima.12295}}</ref>
|-
| Belegging en vermoënsbestuur
| Robo-adviseurs (vermoënsbestuursdienste wat algoritmes gebruik vir outomatiese beleggingsadvies en digitale portefeuljebestuur<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=Dominik|last2=Dorner|first2=Verena|last3=Weinhardt|first3=Christof|last4=Pusmaz|first4=Hakan|title=Designing a robo-advisor for risk-averse, low-budget consumers|journal=Electronic Markets|year=2018|volume=28|issue=3|pages=367–380|doi=10.1007/s12525-017-0279-9}}</ref>), aanlyn makelaars en [[Doen-dit-self-belegging|selfgerigte beleggingsplatforms]].
|-
| Kapitaalmarkte en batebestuur
| Algoritmiese handelsplatforms, markdata-ontleding en portefeulje-optimaliseringshulpmiddels vir institusionele handel en batebestuur.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kirilenko|first1=Andrei A.|last2=Lo|first2=Andrew W.|title=Moore's Law versus Murphy's Law: Algorithmic Trading and Its Discontents|journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives|year=2013|volume=27|issue=2|pages=51–72|doi=10.1257/jep.27.2.51|doi-access=free |hdl=1721.1/87768|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Insurtech en proptech
| Tegnologietoepassings in versekering en eiendom, wat gepersonaliseerde polisse, vaartbelynde eisprosesse en innoverende eiendomsbestuursoplossings bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Eling|first1=Martin|last2=Lehmann|first2=Martin|title=The impact of digitalization on the insurance value chain and the insurability of risks|journal=The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice|year=2018|volume=43|issue=3|pages=359–396|doi=10.1057/s41288-017-0073-0}}</ref>
|-
| [[Blokketting]], [[Kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] en [[Gedesentraliseerde finansies|DeFi]]
| Blokketting-gebaseerde tegnologieë wat kriptogeldeenhede en platforms vir gedesentraliseerde finansies (DeFi) moontlik maak vir meer deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Yan|last2=Bellavitis|first2=Cristiano|title=Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models|journal=Journal of Business Venturing Insights|year=2020|volume=13|article-number=e00151|doi=10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00151}}</ref>
|-
| Regtech, nakoming en sekuriteit
| Regulatoriese tegnologie-oplossings vir monitering, verslagdoening, nakoming, bedrogopsporing en kuberveiligheid in die finansiële sektor.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Arner|first1=Douglas W.|last2=Barberis|first2=Jànos|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley|title=FinTech, RegTech, and the reconceptualization of financial regulation|journal=Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business|year=2016|volume=37|issue=3|pages=371–413|url=https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njilb/vol37/iss3/2/}}</ref>
|-
| Infrastruktuur
| [[Kernbankwese|Kernbankstelsels]], finansiële data-samevoegingsdienste, oopbankwese-API's, Bankwese-as-'n-Diens- (BaaS) platforms, en gevorderde data-ontledingshulpmiddels wat die hele finansiëletegnologie-ekosisteem ondersteun.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Omarini|first1=Anna|title=Banks and Fintechs: How to Develop a Digital Open Banking Approach for the Bank's Future|journal=International Business Research|year=2018|volume=11|issue=9|pages=23–36|doi=10.5539/ibr.v11n9p23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zetzsche|first1=Dirk A.|last2=Arner|first2=Douglas W.|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P.|last4=Weber|first4=Rolf H.|title=The Future of Data-Driven Finance and RegTech: Lessons from EU Big Bang II|journal=Stanford Journal of Law, Business & Finance|year=2019|volume=25|issue=2|pages=245–288|ssrn=3359399 }}</ref>
|}
== Inkomstemodelle ==
Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye gebruik verskeie inkomstemodelle en kombineer dikwels meerdere benaderings om inkomstestrome te diversifiseer.
Transaksiefooie vorm 'n primêre inkomstebron vir baie finansiëletegnologie-ondernemings, veral betalingsverwerkers en kriptogeldeenheidbeurse. Hierdie maatskappye hef tipies 'n persentasie van elke verwerkte transaksie. Sommige maatskappye het hierdie model uitgebrei om premiefooie vir dienste soos onmiddellike uitbetalings in te sluit, wat handelaars bedien wat onmiddellike toegang tot fondse benodig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement |url=https://s201.q4cdn.com/231198771/files/doc_financials/2024/ar/PayPal-Holdings-Inc-Combined-2024-Proxy-Statement-and-2023-Annual-Report.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Paypal Investor Report }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coinbase Shareholder Letter First Quarter 2024 |url=https://s27.q4cdn.com/397450999/files/doc_financials/2024/05/Shareholder-Letter-Q1-2024.pdf|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Coinbase Investor Report}}</ref> Uitruilfooie verteenwoordig nog 'n beduidende inkomstestroom, veral vir firmas wat betaalkaarte aanbied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merchant Indifference Test Application |url=https://www.bundesbank.de/resource/blob/634960/f74645a59a2ada2d858a3c91ee2508df/mL/2014-09-16-merchant-indifference-test-application-data.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=bundesbank}}</ref>
[[Lêer:Gao-report-on-interchange.gif|duimnael|regs|250px|GAO-verslagbeeld wat uitruilfooie verduidelik]]
Intekening- en freemium-modelle stel maatskappye in staat om basiese dienste gratis aan te bied terwyl hulle vir gevorderde kenmerke of premievlakke hef.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolut 2023 Annual Report |url=https://cdn.revolut.com/pdf/annualreport2023.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Revolut}}</ref> Hierdie benadering is algemeen onder digitale banke en finansiële bestuursplatforms. In die besigheid-tot-besigheid- (B2B) sektor is gebruiksgebaseerde prysbepaling algemeen, veral vir API-dienste. Verskaffers van finansiëletegnologie-infrastruktuur hef dikwels op grond van die volume API-oproepe of transaksies wat verwerk word, wat ander ondernemings in staat stel om toegang tot gespesialiseerde finansiële dienste te verkry sonder om dit intern te ontwikkel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revenue Opportunities Created By Open APIs |url=https://www.fisglobal.com/-/media/fisglobal/files/pdf/white-paper/realizing-revenue-opportunities-with-open-apis.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=fisglobal}}</ref>
Rentegebaseerde inkomste is van kardinale belang vir baie finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye, veral in die bank- en leningsektore. Digitale banke en beleggingsplatforms verdien tipies rente op kliëntedeposito's en kontantsaldo's. Leningsplatforms kombineer dikwels rente-inkomste met leningsverkope, deur gedeeltes van hul leningsportefeuljes aan ander instellings of beleggers te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LendingClub Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Results |url=https://ir.lendingclub.com/news/news-details/2023/LendingClub-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2022-Results/default.aspx |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=LendingClub Investor Relations |date=2023-01-25}}</ref>
Datagedrewe inkomstemodelle, hoewel potensieel winsgewend, het toenemende ondersoek en regulering in die gesig gestaar. Sommige firmas is by datamonetisering betrokke deur saamgevoegde of geanonimiseerde gebruikersdata aan derde partye te verkoop. Hierdie praktyk het egter privaatheidskwessies en regulatoriese uitdagings laat ontstaan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawmakers Call for Investigation of Fintech Company Yodlee's Data Selling |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lawmakers-call-for-investigation-of-fintech-firm-yodlees-data-selling-11579269600 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=WSJ |date=2020-01-17}}</ref> 'n Minder omstrede benadering behels die benutting van gebruikersdata vir geteikende advertensies en loodgenerering, waar inkomste deur produkaanbevelings en verwysingsfooie verdien word terwyl gratis dienste aan gebruikers verskaf word.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intuit Investor Dat 2023 |url=https://investors.intuit.com/_assets/_85ab9fac85f2c84ae8711d96ca5b2870/intuit/db/923/9393/pdf/Intuit-Investor-Day-2023_E2E-PRINT-Deck_092723-1.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Intuit}}</ref>
Sommige inkomstemodelle, soos betaling vir bestellingsvloei (PFOF) wat deur sekere makelaarsfirmas gebruik word, beweeg in 'n regulatoriese grys gebied. Hoewel PFOF kommissievrye transaksies moontlik maak, wat moontlik kleinhandelbeleggers bevoordeel, is dit onder die soeklig weens kommer oor belangebotsings en beste-uitvoeringspraktyke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEC Charges Robinhood Financial With Misleading Customers About Revenue Sources and Failing to Satisfy Duty of Best Execution |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-321 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SEC.gov |date=2020-12-17}}</ref>
== Infrastruktuur ==
Moderne finansiële tegnologie berus op 'n gedeelde laag van tegniese infrastruktuur wat toepassings, banke en derdepartyverskaffers in staat stel om data veilig uit te ruil en transaksies te inisieer. Sentraal tot hierdie infrastruktuur is gestandaardiseerde toepassingsprogrammeringskoppelvlakke (API's), wat sagtewarestelsels toelaat om met mekaar te kommunikeer sonder om die onderliggende kode of data direk bloot te stel. Die sekuriteit van hierdie integrasies word bepaal deur protokolle soos OAuth 2.0 en OpenID Connect, en in finansiële dienste spesifiek deur die Financial-grade API- (FAPI) standaard — 'n sekuriteitsprofiel wat deur die OpenID Foundation ontwikkel is en wat definieer hoe API's wat sensitiewe finansiële data hanteer, kliënte moet verifieer, toestemming moet bestuur en die onweerlegbaarheid van transaksies moet verseker.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAPI Working Group |url=https://openid.net/wg/fapi/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=OpenID Foundation}}</ref>
Oopbankwese verteenwoordig die mees beduidende regulatoriese formalisering van hierdie API-infrastruktuur tot op hede. Onder oopbankwese-raamwerke word banke verplig om kliënterekeningdata en betalingsdienste via gestandaardiseerde API's aan gemagtigde derde partye beskikbaar te stel, onderhewig aan uitdruklike kliëntetoestemming. Die model is eerste op groot skaal verplig deur die [[Europese Unie]] se hersiene Betalingsdiensterigtlyn (PSD2) in 2018 en die VK se Open Banking Standard, wat ná 'n uitspraak van die Competition and Markets Authority in 2016 gevestig is.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025 |title=OBL Impact Report 7 |url=https://www.openbanking.org.uk/insights/obl-impact-report-7-open-banking-delivers-real-world-impact-as-adoption-accelerates-year-on-year/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Open Banking Limited}}</ref> Vergelykbare raamwerke is sedertdien wêreldwyd aangeneem, insluitend die Financial Data Exchange- (FDX) standaard in die Verenigde State en die Consumer Data Right (CDR) in Australië, hoewel hierdie verskil ten opsigte van terminologie, tegniese standaarde en implementeringsmodel.<ref>{{cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=The Anatomy of a Thriving Open Banking Ecosystem |url=https://ozoneapi.com/blog/the-anatomy-of-a-thriving-open-banking-ecosystem/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Ozone API}}</ref> Teen 2024 is die wêreldwye oopbankwesemark op ongeveer $31,6 miljard gewaardeer en dit sal na verwagting teen 2030 $135 miljard bereik.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Banking Market Size & Share |url=https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/open-banking-systems-market |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Grand View Research}}</ref>
== Kontroversies ==
Namate finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye poog om tradisionele [[finansiële dienste]] te ontwrig, is sommige gekritiseer omdat hulle groei bo nakoming, sekuriteit en verbruikersbeskerming gestel het.
In 'n noemenswaardige kontroversie het die kriptogeldeenheidbeurs FTX in November 2022 ineengestort te midde van beskuldigings van misleidende praktyke, onbehoorlike hantering van kliëntebates en onvoldoende risikobeheer.<ref>{{cite news|first=MacKenzie|last=Sigalos|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/15/how-sam-bankman-frieds-ftx-alameda-empire-vanished-overnight.html|title=How Sam Bankman-Fried's crypto empire vanished overnight|date=2022-11-11|work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref>
[[Sam Bankman-Fried]], FTX se stigter en uitvoerende hoof, is later skuldig bevind aan bedrog per elektroniese kommunikasie (''wire fraud''), sameswering en [[geldwassery]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=David|last1=Yaffe-Bellany|first2=Matthew|last2=Goldstein|first3=J. Edward|last3=Moreno|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|title=Sam Bankman-Fried Is Found Guilty of 7 Counts of Fraud and Conspiracy|date=2022-12-13|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202030700/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|archive-date=2023-12-02}}</ref>
== Verwysings en aantekeninge ==
{{Reflist|35em}}
== Verdere leesstof ==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Teigland |editor1-first=R. |editor2-last=Siri |editor2-first=S.
|editor3-last=Larsson |editor3-first=A. |editor4-last=Puertas |editor4-first=A. M. |editor5-last=Bogusz |editor5-first=C. I. |title=The Rise and Development of FinTech (Open Access): Accounts of Disruption from Sweden and Beyond |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-8153-7850-1 |ref=none}}
* {{cite journal |first=Johannes |last=Treu |title=The Fintech Sensation – What is it about? |journal=Journal of International Business and Management |volume=5 |issue=1 |year=2022 |pages=1–19 |url=https://rpajournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/JIBM-2021-11-2094.pdf |access-date=2023-02-23|doi=10.37227/JIBM-2021-11-2094|issn=2616-5163|ref=none}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Finansiële dienste]]
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{{Kort beskrywing|Deelversameling van tegnologieë wat in finansies gebruik word}}
[[Lêer:Luchtfoto van Lower Manhattan.jpg|duimnael|263px|[[New York-stad]], die wêreld se vernaamste finteg- en finansiële sentrum<ref name=NewYorkFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld>{{cite web |url = https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-37-explore-the-data/gfci-37-rank/|title = The Global Financial Centres Index 37|publisher = Long Finance|access-date = 2 Junie 2025}}</ref>]]
'''Finansiële tegnologie''' (afgekort as '''finteg'''<ref name="Netwerk24, g.d.">{{Cite web| last = Delport| first = Dennis| title = ANC dien strafregtelike klagte teen DA se Burke in| work = [[Netwerk24]] | access-date = 2026-08-21| url = https://www.netwerk24.com/nuus/politiek/anc-dien-strafregtelike-klagte-teen-da-se-burke-in-20260821-0510}}</ref>) verwys na die toepassing van nuwe tegnologieë op produkte en dienste in die finansiële bedryf. Hierdie breë term omvat 'n wye verskeidenheid tegnologiese hulpmiddels in finansiële dienste, insluitend mobiele bankdienste, aanlyn leningsplatforms, digitale betaalstelsels, robo-adviseurs en [[blokketting]]-gebaseerde toepassings soos [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schindler |first=John W. |date=2017 |title=FinTech and Financial Innovation: Drivers and Depth |url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2017081pap.pdf |journal=Finance and Economics Discussion Series |volume=2017 |issue=81 |doi=10.17016/FEDS.2017.081 |issn=1936-2854}}</ref> Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye sluit sowel [[beginonderneming]]s as gevestigde tegnologie- en finansiële firmas in wat daarop gemik is om tradisionele finansiële dienste te verbeter, aan te vul of te vervang.
== Ontwikkeling ==
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie strek oor meer as 'n eeu en word gekenmerk deur beduidende tegnologiese innovasies wat die finansiële bedryf hervorm het. Hoewel die toepassing van tegnologie op finansies diep historiese wortels het, het die term "finansiële tegnologie" in die laat 20ste eeu ontstaan en in die 1990's bekendheid verwerf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967">{{Cite news |title=Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/434041835/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |work=The Boston Globe |date=1967-08-27 |page=116}}</ref>
Die vroegste gedokumenteerde gebruik van die term dateer terug na 1967, toe dit in 'n artikel in ''The Boston Globe'' met die titel "Fin-Tech New Source of Seed Money" verskyn het. Hierdie berig het gehandel oor 'n beginbeleggingsmaatskappy wat deur voormalige uitvoerende beamptes van die Computer Control Company gestig is, met die doel om waagkapitaal en bedryfskundigheid aan beginondernemings in die finansiëletegnologiebedryf te verskaf.<ref name="boston-globe-1967" />
Die term het egter eers in die vroeë 1990's gewild geword toe Citicorp se voorsitter John Reed dit gebruik het om die Financial Services Technology Consortium te beskryf. Hierdie projek, wat deur Citigroup geïnisieer is, is ontwerp om tegnologiese samewerking in die finansiële sektor te bevorder en was 'n keerpunt in die bedryf se gesamentlike benadering tot innovasie.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal">{{Cite journal |last1=Arner |first1=Douglas W. |last2=Barberis |first2=Jànos |last3=Buckley |first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley |date=2016 |title=The Evolution of Fintech: A New Post-Crisis Paradigm? |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Law |volume=47 |pages=1271–1319 |ssrn=2676553 |issn=1550-5200 }}</ref>
Die finansiëletegnologie-ekosisteem sluit verskeie soorte maatskappye in. Hoewel beginondernemings wat nuwe finansiële tegnologieë of dienste ontwikkel dikwels met finansiële tegnologie geassosieer word, omvat die sektor ook gevestigde tegnologiemaatskappye wat na finansiële dienste uitbrei, sowel as tradisionele finansiële instellings wat nuwe tegnologieë aanneem. Hierdie uiteenlopende landskap het tot innovasies in verskeie finansiële sektore gelei, insluitend bankwese, [[versekering]], [[belegging]] en betaalstelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=In|last2=Shin|first2=Yong Jae|title=Fintech: Ecosystem, business models, investment decisions, and challenges|journal=Business Horizons|year=2018|volume=61|issue=1|pages=35–46|doi=10.1016/j.bushor.2017.09.003}}</ref> Finansiëletegnologietoepassings strek oor 'n wye verskeidenheid finansiële dienste. Dit sluit digitale bankwese, mobiele betalings en digitale beursies, eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms, robo-adviseurs en algoritmiese handel, insurtech, [[blokketting]] en [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]], regulatoriese tegnologie en skarefinansieringsplatforms in.
Die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie behels dikwels die oorvleueling van telekommunikasie-ingenieurswese met finansies. Byvoorbeeld, vroeë eksperimentering met [[Nabyveldkommunikasie|NFC]]-betalingstandaarde in die 2010's het sommige ontwikkelaars daartoe gelei om verspreide grootboeke as 'n agterkant vir skaalbare mobiele betalings te verken, in 'n poging om die deurset-beperkings van tradisionele bankinfrastruktuur op te los sonder om op gesentraliseerde tussengangers staat te maak.<ref>{{cite news |last=Olson |first=Parmy |title=This Hermetic Engineer Is Plotting The Death Of Blockchain |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/parmyolson/2019/01/09/this-hermetic-engineer-is-plotting-the-death-of-blockchain/ |newspaper=Forbes |date=9 Januarie 2019 |access-date=28 Desember 2025}}</ref>
=== Uitwerking op finansiële insluiting ===
Daar is toenemende empiriese bewyse dat finteginnovasies, veral digitale betaalstelsels, mobiele geld en aanlyn finansiële platforms, beduidend tot finansiële insluiting bydra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why financial inclusion is the key to a thriving economy |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251208214438/https://www.weforum.org/stories/2024/07/why-financial-inclusion-is-the-key-to-a-thriving-digital-economy/ |archive-date=2025-12-08 |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Fintech Impacts Financial Inclusion |url=https://www.phoenix.edu/articles/finance/fintech-impact-on-financial-inclusion.html |access-date=2025-12-31 |website=University of Phoenix |language=en}}</ref> 'n Sistematiese oorsig van 2025 het bevind dat sulke tegnologieë toegang tot finansiële dienste in ontwikkelende en onderbediende gemeenskappe verbeter deur hindernisse tot bankwese te verminder en veilige, bekostigbare transaksies moontlik te maak.<ref>{{cite journal
|last1=Shahen
|first1=Abdelhalem Mahmoud
|last2=Sharaf
|first2=Mesbah Fathy
|title=The Role of Digital Payment Technologies in Promoting Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review
|journal=FinTech
|volume=4
|issue=4
|year=2025
|pages=59
|doi=10.3390/fintech4040059
|doi-access=free
}}</ref>
Ten spyte van die algeheel positiewe uitwerking op finansiële insluiting, kan digitale finansiële dienste mense uitsluit wat beperkte internettoegang, lae digitale of finansiële geletterdheid, of minder vertroue in die gebruik van aanlyn dienste het. Dit wek ook verbruikersbeskermingskwessies rondom bedrog, kuberveiligheid en dataprivaatheid.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-07 |title=Supporting informed and safe use of digital payments through digital financial literacy: Full Report |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/supporting-informed-and-safe-use-of-digital-payments-through-digital-financial-literacy_21de47d1-en/full-report.html |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=OECD |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial Inclusion {{!}} World Bank Group |url=https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/topic/financial-sector/financial-inclusion |access-date=2026-05-28 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref>
== Geskiedenis ==
=== Grondslae ===
Die laat 19de eeu het die grondslag gelê vir vroeë finansiële tegnologie met die ontwikkeling van die [[telegraaf]] en transatlantiese kabelstelsels. Hierdie innovasies het die oordrag van finansiële inligting oor grense heen verander en vinniger en doeltreffender kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings moontlik gemaak.<ref name="GeorgetownJournal" />
'n Belangrike mylpaal in elektroniese geldbeweging het gekom met die stigting van die Fedwire Funds Service deur die Federale Reserwebank in 1918. Hierdie vroeë elektroniese fondsoordragstelsel het [[telegraaf]]lyne gebruik om veilige oordragte tussen lidbanke te fasiliteer, en was een van die eerste gevalle van elektroniese geldbeweging.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Gilbert |first1=Adam M. |last2=Hunt |first2=Dara |last3=Winch |first3=Kenneth C. |title=Creating an Integrated Payment System: The Evolution of Fedwire |url=https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/epr/97v03n2/9707gilb.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=newyorkfed.org |date=1997}}</ref>
Die 1950's het 'n nuwe era van verbruikersfinansiële dienste ingelui. [[Diners Club International]] het in 1950 die eerste universele [[kredietkaart]] bekendgestel, 'n keerpunt wat verbruikersbesteding en krediet sou hervorm. Hierdie innovasie het die weg gebaan vir die bekendstelling van [[American Express]]-kaarte in 1958 en die BankAmericard (later Visa) in 1959, wat die kredietkaartbedryf verder uitgebrei het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Evans |first1=David S. |last2=Schmalensee |first2=Richard |author-link2=Richard L. Schmalensee |date=2005 |title=The Economics of Interchange Fees and Their Regulation: An Overview |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/18181/4548-05.pdf|journal=MIT Sloan Working Paper No. 4548-05 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.744705}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stearns |first=David L. |date=2011 |title=Electronic Value Exchange: Origins of the VISA Electronic Payment System |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-84996-138-7}}</ref>
=== Digitale rewolusie ===
Die 1960's en 1970's het die begin gemerk van die verskuiwing van analoë na digitale finansies, met verskeie baanbrekende ontwikkelings wat die toekoms van finansiële tegnologie gevorm het.
In 1967 het Barclays die wêreld se eerste OTM in [[Londen]] bekendgestel, wat toegang tot kontant en basiese bankdienste uitgebrei het. Die OTM, wat deur verkoopmasjiene geïnspireer is, was 'n beduidende stap in die rigting van selfdiensbankwese.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From the archives: the ATM is 50 |url=https://home.barclays/news/2017/06/from-the-archives-the-atm-is-50/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Barclays |date=2017-06-27}}</ref>
Finansiëletegnologie-infrastruktuur het verder ontwikkel met die stigting van die Inter-bank Computer Bureau in die [[Verenigde Koninkryk]] in 1968. Hierdie ontwikkeling het die grondslag gelê vir die land se eerste geoutomatiseerde verrekeningskamerstelsel, wat uiteindelik in BACS (Bankers' Automated Clearing Services) ontwikkel het om elektroniese fondsoordragte tussen banke te fasiliteer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Payment systems in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.bis.org/cpmi/paysys/unitedkingdomcomp.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=BIS}}</ref>
Die wêreld van effektehandel is in 1971 verander met die stigting van [[NASDAQ]], die wêreld se eerste digitale [[effektebeurs]]. NASDAQ se elektroniese noteringstelsel was 'n beduidende sprong vorentoe vanaf die tradisionele stelsel van oop uitroep wat op effektebeurse gebruik is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nasdaq: 50 Years of Market Innovation |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/nasdaq%3A-50-years-of-market-innovation-2021-02-11 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nasdaq}}</ref>
Twee jaar later het die stigting van SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) kommunikasie tussen finansiële instellings wêreldwyd gestandaardiseer en beveilig. SWIFT se boodskapstelsel het die wêreldwye standaard vir internasionale geld- en effekte-oordragte geword.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Scott |first1=Susan V. |last2=Zachariadis |first2=Markos |date=2012-08-01 |title=Origins and development of SWIFT, 1973–2009 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |journal=Business History Review |volume=86 |issue=3 |pages=461–502 |doi=10.1080/00076791.2011.638502 |issn=0007-6791|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Die invoering van elektroniese fondsoordragstelsels, soos die ACH (Automated Clearing House) in die [[Verenigde State]], het vinniger en doeltreffender geldoordragte moontlik gemaak. Die ACH-netwerk het direkte deposito's, betaalstaatbetalings en elektroniese rekeningbetalings moontlik gemaak, wat die behoefte aan [[tjek|papiertjeks]] aansienlik verminder het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of the ACH Network |url=https://www.nacha.org/content/history-nacha-and-ach-network |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Nacha}}</ref>
=== Opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste ===
[[Lêer:Bloomberg Terminal Museum.jpg|duimnael|263px|Bloomberg-terminaalmuseum in [[Manhattan]]]]
Die 1980's en 1990's was getuie van beduidende ontwikkelings in finansiële tegnologie, met die opkoms van digitale finansiële dienste en die vroeë stadiums van aanlyn bankwese. 'n Groot deurbraak het gekom toe Michael Bloomberg Innovative Market Systems (later Bloomberg L.P.) gestig en die Bloomberg-terminaal bekendgestel het. Hierdie innovasie het verander hoe finansiële professionele persone markdata verkry en ontleed het, deur intydse finansiële markdata, ontledings en nuus aan finansiële instellings wêreldwyd te verskaf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bloomberg: The Early Years |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/company/stories/bloomberg-the-early-years/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref>
Aanlyn bankwese het in die vroeë 1980's ontstaan, toe die Bank of Scotland die eerste aanlyn bankdiens in die VK, genaamd Homelink, aangebied het. Hierdie diens het kliënte in staat gestel om state te bekyk, geld oor te plaas en rekenings te betaal met behulp van hul [[televisie]]s en [[Telefoon|telefone]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=British Move Fast In Home Banking |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/02/business/british-move-fast-in-home-banking.html |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The New York Times |date=1984-01-02}}</ref>
Die laat 1980's het die ontwikkeling van EDI-standaarde (Electronic Data Interchange) gesien, wat ondernemings in staat gestel het om finansiële dokumente elektronies uit te ruil en B2B-transaksies (besigheid-tot-besigheid) te vereenvoudig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)? |url=https://www.sap.com/products/business-network/supply-chain-collaboration/what-is-edi.html|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SAP}}</ref>
'n Beduidende mylpaal in digitale verbruikersbankwese het in 1994 gekom toe die Stanford Federal Credit Union die eerste internetbankwese-webwerf bekendgestel het. Hierdie diens het lede aanvanklik in staat gestel om rekeningsaldo's aanlyn na te gaan, met rekeningbetalingsfunksionaliteit wat in 1997 bygevoeg is.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stanford Federal Credit Union Pioneers Online Financial Services |url=https://app.articleonepartners.com/study/download?file_id=637 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=AOP Connect}}</ref> Dit was egter eers in 1999 dat die eerste staatsgeoktrooieerde, FDIC-versekerde instelling wat hoofsaaklik aanlyn bedryf is, gestig is. First Internet Bank, gestig deur David Becker, het 'n nuwe era in aanlyn-alleen bankwese ingelui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Internet Bank Launches Real-Time Internet Banking Services |url=https://www.firstib.com/about-us/news-resources/press-news/first-internet-bank-launches-real-time-internet-banking-services/|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=First Internet Bank |date=1999-02-22}}</ref>
=== Dot-com-era ===
Die laat 1990's en vroeë 2000's was 'n beduidende keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van finansiële tegnologie, aangesien talle innovasies gedurende die [[dot-com-borrel|dot-com-hoogbloei]] ontstaan het. Een noemenswaardige ontwikkeling was die opkoms van aanlyn handelsplatforms, met E-Trade, wat in 1982 gestig is, aan die voorpunt. In 1992 het E-Trade een van die eerste finansiëledienstemaatskappye geword wat aanlyn handel aan verbruikers aangebied het, wat die manier waarop individue met die aandelemark omgegaan het, omvorm het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=E*TRADE Financial Corporation History |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/e-trade-morgan-stanley/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes}}</ref>
Nog 'n deurslaggewende oomblik was die stigting van [[PayPal]] in 1998. PayPal se sukses met die skep van 'n veilige en gebruikersvriendelike aanlyn betaalstelsel het die lewensvatbaarheid van digitale betaaloplossings gedemonstreer en die weg gebaan vir talle daaropvolgende finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Tripsas |first1=Mary |date=2009 |title=Technology, Identity, and Inertia Through the Lens of "The Digital Photography Company" |journal=Organization Science |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=441–460 |doi=10.1287/orsc.1080.0419 |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1270568_code698198.pdf?abstractid=1270568&mirid=1&type=2 }}; {{Cite book |last1=Vartanian |first1=Thomas P. |last2=Ledig |first2=Robert H. |last3=Bruneau |first3=Lynn |date=1998 |title=21st Century Money, Banking & Commerce |publisher=Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP |isbn=978-0-9663317-3-8}}</ref>
Die vroeë 2000's het ook die opkoms van innoverende sakemodelle in die finansiëledienstebedryf gesien. WebBank, wat in 1997 gestig is, het in 2005 begin om 'n "huur-'n-oktrooi"-model (''rent-a-charter'') aan te bied, wat die nodige bankinfrastruktuur en regulatoriese nakoming verskaf het sodat finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings bankdienste kon aanbied sonder om hul eie oktrooie te bekom. Hierdie model sou later van kardinale belang blyk te wees om die groei van talle finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye moontlik te maak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Rent-a-Charter: Examining New Risks Behind Bank-Fintech Partnerships |url=https://sites.duke.edu/thefinregblog/2020/01/23/the-rise-of-rent-a-charter-examining-new-risks-behind-bank-fintech-partnerships/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=The FinReg Blog |publisher=Duke University School of Law |date=2020-01-23}}</ref>
=== Ná die finansiële krisis van 2008 ===
Die finansiële krisis van 2008 het as katalisator vir die vinnige groei van die finansiëletegnologiebedryf gedien, aangesien dalende vertroue in tradisionele finansiële instellings geleenthede vir innoverende, tegnologiegedrewe oplossings geskep het. Die vroeë dae van die na-krisis-era het die opkoms van digitale geldeenhede gesien, met e-Gold as 'n voorloper van die ontwikkeling van [[Bitcoin]]. Hoewel e-Gold, wat gebruikers toegelaat het om rekenings in gram goud te skep en onmiddellike oordragte moontlik gemaak het, uiteindelik regsuitdagings en sluiting in die gesig gestaar het, het dit die grondslag vir toekomstige digitale geldeenhede gelê.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Bullion and Bandits: The Improbable Rise and Fall of E-Gold|url=https://www.wired.com/2009/06/e-gold/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Wired Magazine |last1=Zetter |first1=Kim }}</ref>
Die uitvinding van Bitcoin in 2008 deur 'n anonieme skepper wat die skuilnaam [[Satoshi Nakamoto]] gebruik het, was 'n keerpunt in die ontwikkeling van digitale geldeenhede en [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]]. Bitcoin se gebruik van [[blokketting]]tegnologie het 'n golf van ontwikkeling op die gebied van [[kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] ontketen en nuwe moontlikhede vir veilige, deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels geopen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System|url=https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf|author=Nakamoto, Satoshi|date=2008-10-31|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Namate die finansiëletegnologielandskap verder ontwikkel het, het nuwe betalingsverwerkingsmaatskappye die mark betree wat ontwikkelaarsvriendelike API's aangebied het wat aanlyn betalingsintegrasie dramaties vereenvoudig het. Deur die toetredingsdrempels vir [[e-handel]] en aanlyn finansiële dienste te verlaag, het hierdie maatskappye 'n deurslaggewende rol gespeel om die groei van nuwe finansiëletegnologiebeginondernemings moontlik te maak en innovasie in die sektor aan te dryf.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chiu |first1=Iris H-Y |date=2017 |title=A new era in fintech payment innovations? A perspective from the institutions and regulation of payment systems |journal=Law, Innovation and Technology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=190–234 |doi=10.1080/17579961.2017.1377912|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1553175/ }}</ref>
Die vennootbankmodel, wat in die vroeë 2000's ontstaan het, het in die na-krisis-era beduidende momentum gekry. Hierdie model het verder uitgebrei as sy aanvanklike "huur-'n-oktrooi"-konsep en het in meer omvattende vennootskappe tussen tradisionele banke en finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye ontwikkel. Hierdie samewerkings het vinnige innovasie en marktoetrede moontlik gemaak, aangesien finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye die regulatoriese nakoming en infrastruktuur van gevestigde banke benut het terwyl hulle hul eie tegnologiese kundigheid en kliëntgesentreerde benaderings ingebring het. Dit het die groei van die finansiëletegnologiesektor verder versnel en die verspreiding van digitaal-eerste finansiële dienste moontlik gemaak.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Drasch |first1=Benedict J. |last2=Schweizer |first2=André |last3=Urbach |first3=Nils |date=2018 |title=Integrating the 'Troublemakers': A taxonomy for cooperation between banks and fintechs |journal=Journal of Economics and Business |volume=100 |pages=26–42 |doi=10.1016/j.jeconbus.2018.04.002|url=https://www.fim-rc.de/Paperbibliothek/Veroeffentlicht/575/wi-575.pdf }}</ref> Die verrypking van hierdie model het die weg gebaan vir die opkoms van neobanke, wat tradisionele bankparadigmas uitgedaag het deur volkome digitale ervarings aan te bied en kliënteverwagtinge in die banksektor herdefinieer het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Banking as a Service |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/banking-needs-a-new-business-model-heres-a-blueprint-for-the-future |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=McKinsey & Company }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Die toenemende gebruik van [[slimfoon]]s het die ontwikkeling van mobiel-eerste finansiëletegnologie-oplossings aangedryf. Square se bekendstelling van 'n mobiele kaartleser in 2009 het klein ondernemings in staat gestel om kredietkaartbetalings met slimfone te aanvaar, wat toegang tot betalingsverwerking gedemokratiseer het en die transformerende potensiaal van mobiele tegnologie in die finansiëledienstebedryf beklemtoon het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huang |first1=Yufei |last2=Zhu |first2=Huiming |last3=Li |first3=Zhenhua |last4=Jiang |first4=Zhibin |date=2021 |title=Mobile Payment in China: Practice and Its Effects |journal=Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=56–69 |doi=10.24294/jipd.v5i1.1237|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
Die ontwikkeling van mobiele betaalstelsels het voortgeduur met die bekendstelling van Google Wallet in 2011 en Apple Pay in 2014, wat mobiele betalings verder gewild gemaak het en die groeiende verbruikersvraag na gerieflike, veilige en gebruikersvriendelike betaaloplossings gedemonstreer het.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dahlberg |first1=Tomi |last2=Guo /|first2=Jie |last3=Ondrus |first3=Jan |date=2015 |title=A critical review of mobile payment research |journal=Electronic Commerce Research and Applications |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=265–284 |doi=10.1016/j.elerap.2015.07.006}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=de Reuver |first1=Mark |last2=Ondrus |first2=Jan |last3=Bouwman |first3=Harry |author-link3=Harry Bouwman |date=2015 |title=Mobile payment systems: adoption patterns in different countries |journal=International Journal of Electronic Business |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=328–348 |doi=10.1504/IJEB.2015.071386}}</ref>
Hierdie tydperk het ook die opkoms van eweknie-tot-eweknie- (P2P) betalingstoepassings gesien. Hierdie platforms het die manier waarop individue geld oorplaas, omvorm deur vinnige en maklike transaksies tussen gebruikers moontlik te maak. Deur vinnige, direkte oordragte via mobiele toestelle toe te laat, het P2P-betalingstoepassings die wrywing in persoonlike finansiële transaksies aansienlik verminder en dit eenvoudiger gemaak vir mense om rekenings te verdeel, koste te deel of geld aan vriende en familie te stuur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Story of Venmo |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2018/03/12/the-story-of-venmo/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Forbes |date=2018-03-12}}</ref>
=== Versnelde groei van digitale finansies ===
Die wêreldwye [[Covid-19-pandemie]], wat vroeg in 2020 begin het, het 'n diepgaande uitwerking op die finansiëletegnologiebedryf gehad, die aanvaarding van digitale finansiële dienste versnel en die belangrikheid van tegnologie in die versekering van die veerkragtigheid en toeganklikheid van finansiële stelsels beklemtoon. Namate inperkings en [[sosiale distansiëring|sosialedistansiëringsmaatreëls]] ondernemings en verbruikers genoodsaak het om swaarder op digitale kanale staat te maak, het finansiëletegnologie-oplossings 'n toename in aanvraag beleef.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fu |first1=Jonathan |last2=Mishra |first2=Mrinal |date=2020 |title=The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Fintech Adoption |journal=Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper No. 20-38 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3588453|ssrn=3588453 }}</ref>
Mobiel-eerste finansiëletegnologietoepassings het gedurende hierdie tydperk ongekende groei beleef. Baie handelsplatforms het beduidende toenames in nuwe gebruikersrekenings aangemeld, met sommige wat miljoene nuwe befondsde rekenings in die vroeë maande van die pandemie bygevoeg het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Robinhood Raises $280 Million in Series F Funding Led by Sequoia |url=https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2020/5/4/robinhood-raises-280-million-in-series-f-funding-led-by-sequoia |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Robinhood Blog |date=2020-05-04}}</ref> Net so het betalings- en geldoordragtoepassings aansienlike gebruikersgroei beleef, met sommige platforms wat hul maandelikse aktiewe gebruikers oor 'n tydperk van drie jaar meer as verdubbel het, wat op 'n massiewe verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste dui.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Block Q4 2022 Shareholder Letter |url=https://s29.q4cdn.com/628966176/files/doc_financials/2022/q4/Block_Shareholder-Letter-4Q22.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Block Investor Relations |date=2023-02-23}}</ref>
Die gebeure van 2020 het ook die beperkings van tradisionele finansiële instellings blootgelê om in die behoeftes van verbruikers en ondernemings in tye van krisis te voorsien. Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye, met hul ratse en tegnologiegedrewe sakemodelle, was beter geposisioneer om te reageer op die uitdagings van die vinnig veranderende omgewing, en het innoverende oplossings vir afstandbankwese, kontaklose betalings en digitale lenings gebied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How COVID-19 has sped up digitalization for the banking sector |url=https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=EY |date=2020-11-17 |archive-date=24 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224005908/https://www.ey.com/en_gl/financial-services-emeia/how-covid-19-has-sped-up-digitization-for-the-banking-sector }}</ref>
Gedurende hierdie tydperk het [[waagkapitaal]]waardasies vir finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye die hoogte ingeskiet, aangedryf deur lae rentekoerse en 'n bloeiende aandelemark. Die toename in finansiëletegnologiebeleggings is gekenmerk deur beduidende kapitaalinvloei, wat tot hoër waardasies en meer gereelde uittredings via AOA's en SPAC's gelei het. Verskeie prominente finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye het rekordbrekende waardasies behaal, wat die sektor se groei en beleggersvertroue verder onderstreep het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintechs: A New Paradigm of Growth |url=https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/industries/financial%20services/our%20insights/fintechs%20a%20new%20paradigm%20%20of%20growth/fintechs-a-new-paradigm-of-growth.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=McKinsey & Company |date=2021-04-14}}</ref>
Die verskuiwing na digitale finansiële dienste gedurende hierdie tydperk het ook die aanvaarding van blokkettingtegnologie en kriptogeldeenhede versnel. Namate sentrale banke regoor die wêreld die moontlikheid ondersoek het om digitale geldeenhede uit te reik, het die belangstelling in [[gedesentraliseerde finansies]] en nie-vervangbare tokens gegroei, wat nuwe weë vir innovasie in die finansiëletegnologiesektor geopen het.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=DeFi's Promise and Pitfalls |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666764923000280 |access-date=2024-07-20 |journal=FinTech |volume=3 |issue=2 |article-number=100028 |date=2023-04-01 |doi=10.1016/j.fin.2023.100028 |last=Schar |first=Fabian|doi-broken-date=10 Augustus 2026 }}</ref>
=== Afrika ===
Die finansiëletegnologielandskap in Afrika is aan die groei, met aktiewe maatskappye wat 1 263 in 2024 bereik het, 'n beduidende toename vanaf 1 049 in 2022 en 450 in 2020.<ref name="unlock">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20240033-finance-in-africa |title=Finance in Africa: Unlocking Investment in an Era of Digital Transformation and Climate Transition |date=2024-11-07 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5767-7}}</ref> Nigerië lei die finansiëletegnologiesektor en verteenwoordig 28% van alle finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye op die vasteland, en huisves agt van Afrika se nege fintegeenhorings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Remains Africa's Fintech Powerhouse |url=https://furtherafrica.com/2025/08/25/nigeria-remains-africas-fintech-powerhouse/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Further Africa |date=2025-08-25}}</ref>
Teen vroeg 2025 was Nigerië die tuiste van meer as 430 fintegmaatskappye, 'n toename van 70% jaar-op-jaar, met finteg wat 72% van die land se totale aandelebefondsing verteenwoordig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria's Fintech Sector Surges 70% Despite Challenges |url=https://fintechnews.africa/44869/fintech-nigeria/nigerias-fintech-sector-surges-70-despite-challenges/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News Africa |date=2025-03-13}}</ref> Afrikaanse fintegbeginondernemings het in 2025 gesamentlik meer as VS$3 miljard aan bekendgemaakte befondsing ingesamel, 'n toename van 33% jaar-op-jaar, terwyl die sektor van vinnige skaalvergroting na volhoubare groei en winsgewendheid verskuif het.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Fintechs Projected to Grow Profitably in 2026 |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202601080119.html |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=AllAfrica |date=2026-01-08}}</ref>
=== Midde-Ooste ===
Die [[Verenigde Arabiese Emirate]] het na vore getree as die voorste fintegsentrum in die streek van die Midde-Ooste en Noord-Afrika (MENA). Die VAE huisves ongeveer 'n kwart van alle fintegmaatskappye in die MENA-streek, ondersteun deur twee finansiële vryhandelsones met onafhanklike regulatoriese raamwerke: die Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC), gereguleer deur die Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA), en die Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM), gereguleer deur die Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fintech 2025 – UAE|url=https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/fintech-2025/uae/trends-and-developments |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Chambers and Partners |date=2025}}</ref> Teen 2025 het die DIFC gegroei tot meer as 1 500 finteg-, kunsmatige-intelligensie- en innovasiefirmas, wat negende geplaas het onder wêreldwye fintegsentrums volgens die Global Financial Centres Index, en eerste in die Midde-Ooste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 in Review: AI, Tokenization, Islamic Finance Dominate UAE Fintech Landscape |url=https://fintechnews.ae/29466/abudhabi/2025-in-review-ai-tokenization-islamic-finance-dominate-uae-fintech-landscape/ |access-date=2026-06-17 |website=Fintech News UAE |date=2025-12-22}}</ref>
[[Israel]] huisves 'n gevestigde fintegsektor.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Anders as die VAE se vryhandelsone-model, het Israel 'n statutêre regulatoriese sandput-model nagestreef, wat deur 'n interministeriële span voorgestel is en in die 2021-wetsontwerp vir die Aanmoediging van Tegnologiese Ontwikkeling op die Finansiële Gebied uiteengesit is.{{cn|date=Augustus 2026}} Die voorgestelde raamwerk, wat vanaf 2025 steeds op die wetsontwerpstadium bly, word geadministreer deur 'n komitee van die land se vernaamste finansiële reguleerders (die Ministerie van Finansies, die Bank van Israel, die kapitaalmark-, versekerings- en spaargesag, die Israelse Effektegesag, en die owerheid vir die bekamping van geldwassery), wat bedoel is om as 'n gekoördineerde toegangspunt vir deelnemende firmas te dien.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cahane |first1=Amir |last2=Sierra |first2=Michael |date=Januarie 2025|title=Nascent regulatory sandbox frameworks for AI in Israel |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/cambridge-forum-on-ai-law-and-governance/article/nascent-regulatory-sandbox-frameworks-for-ai-in-israel/C9E5B9630A678D809BDA109AE018881A |journal=Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance |language=en |volume=1 |article-number=e40 |doi=10.1017/cfl.2025.10032 |issn=3033-3733}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Plato-Shinar |first=Ruth |date=2021 |title=Thinking Outside the Box: The New Regulatory Sandbox Regime in Israel |journal=Banking & Finance L. Rev. |volume=36 |issue=3 |ssrn=3829880 }}</ref>
== 2020's ==
Die 2020's het 'n nuwe fase in finansiële tegnologie ingelui, gekenmerk deur die hoofstroomaanvaarding van kunsmatige intelligensie regoor finansiële dienste. Vanaf 2023 is generatiewe KI-hulpmiddels deur banke, betalingsverwerkers en beleggingsplatforms aangeneem om kliëntediens, kredietbesluitneming, bedrogopsporing en portefeuljebestuur te outomatiseer.
Die vinnige integrasie van KI in finansiële infrastruktuur het ook regulatoriese aandag getrek. In Mei 2026 het die [[Internasionale Monetêre Fonds]] gewaarsku dat KI-aangedrewe kuberaanvalle sistemiese risiko's vir wêreldwye finansiële stabiliteit inhou, en opgemerk dat gevorderde modelle die tyd en koste wat nodig is om kwesbaarhede regoor onderling gekoppelde bankstelsels te identifiseer en uit te buit, dramaties kan verminder, terwyl uiterste kubervoorvalle finansieringsdruk kan veroorsaak en breër markte kan ontwrig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Risks Mount as Artificial Intelligence Fuels Cyberattacks|url=https://www.imf.org/en/blogs/articles/2026/05/07/financial-stability-risks-mount-as-artificial-intelligence-fuels-cyberattacks|website=International Monetary Fund|date=2026-05-07|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die Federale Reserwe se Finansiële Stabiliteitsverslag van die lente van 2026 het bevind dat 50% van markkontakte KI as 'n potensiële sistemiese skok vir finansiële markte geïdentifiseer het, teenoor 9% die vorige jaar, wat 'n meer as vyfvoudige toename in waargenome KI-verwante sistemiese risiko oor twaalf maande verteenwoordig.<ref>{{cite web|title=Financial Stability Report, May 2026|url=https://www.federalreserve.gov/publications/files/financial-stability-report20260508.pdf|website=Federal Reserve|date=2026-05-08|access-date=2026-06-17}}</ref>
Die dekade het ook beduidende finteguitbreiding in ontluikende markte gesien. In Afrika het aktiewe fintegmaatskappye 1 263 in 2024 bereik, teenoor 450 in 2020, met Nigerië wat 28% van alle maatskappye op die vasteland verteenwoordig. In die GSR het regulatoriese sandputte wat deur die Dubai Financial Services Authority en Abu Dhabi Global Market gevestig is, finteglisensiëring versnel en 'n nuwe generasie digitale beleggingsplatforms in staat gestel om kleinhandelbeleggers regoor die streek te bereik.
== Bedryfslandskap ==
Die finansiëletegnologiebedryf sluit 'n uiteenlopende reeks finansiële dienste en tegnologieë in wat in verskeie kernareas gekategoriseer kan word. Baie maatskappye is oor meerdere areas heen aktief of skep nuwe nisse wat hierdie onderskeide vervaag.
{| class="wikitable"
! Kategorie
! Besonderhede
|-
| Bankwese en persoonlike finansies
| Digitale bankplatforms en neobanke wat gebruikersvriendelike koppelvlakke, uitgawesnasporing, finansiële beplanning en geïntegreerde persoonlike finansiële bestuurshulpmiddels bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hornuf|first1=Lars|last2=Klus|first2=Milan F.|last3=Lohwasser|first3=Todor S.|last4=Schwienbacher|first4=Armin|title=How do banks interact with fintech startups?|journal=Small Business Economics|year=2021|volume=57|issue=3|pages=1505–1526|doi=10.1007/s11187-020-00359-3|doi-access=free|hdl=10419/289149|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Betalings, fakture, oorbetalings en transaksies
| Digitale betaaloplossings, faktuurstelsels, eweknie-tot-eweknie-oordragte, internasionale oorbetalings, betaalstaatdienste, invorderings, en korporatiewe kaart- en uitgawebestuurstelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gomber|first1=Peter|last2=Koch|first2=Jascha-Alexander|last3=Siering|first3=Michael|title=Digital Finance and FinTech: Current research and future research directions|journal=Journal of Business Economics|year=2017|volume=87|issue=5|pages=537–580|doi=10.1007/s11573-017-0852-x}}</ref>
|-
| Lenings en krediet
| Eweknie-tot-eweknie-leningsplatforms, [[Koop nou, betaal later|BNPL]], aanlyn persoonlike lenings en finansiering vir klein ondernemings, wat dikwels alternatiewe data en masjienleer vir kredietbeoordeling gebruik.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jagtiani|first1=Julapa|last2=Lemieux|first2=Catharine|title=The roles of alternative data and machine learning in fintech lending: Evidence from the LendingClub consumer platform|journal=Financial Management|year=2019|volume=48|issue=4|pages=1009–1029|doi=10.1111/fima.12295}}</ref>
|-
| Belegging en vermoënsbestuur
| Robo-adviseurs (vermoënsbestuursdienste wat algoritmes gebruik vir outomatiese beleggingsadvies en digitale portefeuljebestuur<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jung|first1=Dominik|last2=Dorner|first2=Verena|last3=Weinhardt|first3=Christof|last4=Pusmaz|first4=Hakan|title=Designing a robo-advisor for risk-averse, low-budget consumers|journal=Electronic Markets|year=2018|volume=28|issue=3|pages=367–380|doi=10.1007/s12525-017-0279-9}}</ref>), aanlyn makelaars en [[Doen-dit-self-belegging|selfgerigtebeleggingsplatforms]].
|-
| Kapitaalmarkte en batebestuur
| Algoritmiese handelsplatforms, markdata-ontleding en portefeulje-optimaliseringshulpmiddels vir institusionele handel en batebestuur.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kirilenko|first1=Andrei A.|last2=Lo|first2=Andrew W.|title=Moore's Law versus Murphy's Law: Algorithmic Trading and Its Discontents|journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives|year=2013|volume=27|issue=2|pages=51–72|doi=10.1257/jep.27.2.51|doi-access=free |hdl=1721.1/87768|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
|-
| Insurtech en proptech
| Tegnologietoepassings in versekering en eiendom, wat gepersonaliseerde polisse, vaartbelynde eisprosesse en innoverende eiendomsbestuursoplossings bied.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Eling|first1=Martin|last2=Lehmann|first2=Martin|title=The impact of digitalization on the insurance value chain and the insurability of risks|journal=The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance-Issues and Practice|year=2018|volume=43|issue=3|pages=359–396|doi=10.1057/s41288-017-0073-0}}</ref>
|-
| [[Blokketting]], [[Kriptogeldeenheid|kriptogeldeenhede]] en [[Gedesentraliseerde finansies|DeFi]]
| Blokketting-gebaseerde tegnologieë wat kriptogeldeenhede en platforms vir gedesentraliseerde finansies (DeFi) moontlik maak vir meer deursigtige en gedesentraliseerde finansiële stelsels.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Yan|last2=Bellavitis|first2=Cristiano|title=Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models|journal=Journal of Business Venturing Insights|year=2020|volume=13|article-number=e00151|doi=10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00151}}</ref>
|-
| Regtech, nakoming en sekuriteit
| Regulatoriese tegnologie-oplossings vir monitering, verslagdoening, nakoming, bedrogopsporing en kuberveiligheid in die finansiële sektor.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Arner|first1=Douglas W.|last2=Barberis|first2=Jànos|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P. |author-link3=Ross P. Buckley|title=FinTech, RegTech, and the reconceptualization of financial regulation|journal=Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business|year=2016|volume=37|issue=3|pages=371–413|url=https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njilb/vol37/iss3/2/}}</ref>
|-
| Infrastruktuur
| [[Kernbankwese|Kernbankstelsels]], finansiële data-samevoegingsdienste, oopbankwese-API's, Bankwese-as-'n-Diens- (BaaS) platforms, en gevorderde data-ontledingshulpmiddels wat die hele finansiëletegnologie-ekosisteem ondersteun.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Omarini|first1=Anna|title=Banks and Fintechs: How to Develop a Digital Open Banking Approach for the Bank's Future|journal=International Business Research|year=2018|volume=11|issue=9|pages=23–36|doi=10.5539/ibr.v11n9p23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Zetzsche|first1=Dirk A.|last2=Arner|first2=Douglas W.|last3=Buckley|first3=Ross P.|last4=Weber|first4=Rolf H.|title=The Future of Data-Driven Finance and RegTech: Lessons from EU Big Bang II|journal=Stanford Journal of Law, Business & Finance|year=2019|volume=25|issue=2|pages=245–288|ssrn=3359399 }}</ref>
|}
== Inkomstemodelle ==
Finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye gebruik verskeie inkomstemodelle en kombineer dikwels meerdere benaderings om inkomstestrome te diversifiseer.
Transaksiefooie vorm 'n primêre inkomstebron vir baie finansiëletegnologie-ondernemings, veral betalingsverwerkers en kriptogeldeenheidbeurse. Hierdie maatskappye hef tipies 'n persentasie van elke verwerkte transaksie. Sommige maatskappye het hierdie model uitgebrei om premiefooie vir dienste soos onmiddellike uitbetalings in te sluit, wat handelaars bedien wat onmiddellike toegang tot fondse benodig.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Notice of Annual Meeting of Stockholders and Proxy Statement |url=https://s201.q4cdn.com/231198771/files/doc_financials/2024/ar/PayPal-Holdings-Inc-Combined-2024-Proxy-Statement-and-2023-Annual-Report.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Paypal Investor Report }}{{Dead link|date=Augustus 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coinbase Shareholder Letter First Quarter 2024 |url=https://s27.q4cdn.com/397450999/files/doc_financials/2024/05/Shareholder-Letter-Q1-2024.pdf|access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Coinbase Investor Report}}</ref> Uitruilfooie verteenwoordig nog 'n beduidende inkomstestroom, veral vir firmas wat betaalkaarte aanbied.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merchant Indifference Test Application |url=https://www.bundesbank.de/resource/blob/634960/f74645a59a2ada2d858a3c91ee2508df/mL/2014-09-16-merchant-indifference-test-application-data.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=bundesbank}}</ref>
[[Lêer:Gao-report-on-interchange.gif|duimnael|regs|250px|GAO-verslagbeeld wat uitruilfooie verduidelik]]
Intekening- en freemium-modelle stel maatskappye in staat om basiese dienste gratis aan te bied terwyl hulle vir gevorderde kenmerke of premievlakke hef.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revolut 2023 Annual Report |url=https://cdn.revolut.com/pdf/annualreport2023.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Revolut}}</ref> Hierdie benadering is algemeen onder digitale banke en finansiële bestuursplatforms. In die besigheid-tot-besigheid- (B2B) sektor is gebruiksgebaseerde prysbepaling algemeen, veral vir API-dienste. Verskaffers van finansiëletegnologie-infrastruktuur hef dikwels op grond van die volume API-oproepe of transaksies wat verwerk word, wat ander ondernemings in staat stel om toegang tot gespesialiseerde finansiële dienste te verkry sonder om dit intern te ontwikkel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revenue Opportunities Created By Open APIs |url=https://www.fisglobal.com/-/media/fisglobal/files/pdf/white-paper/realizing-revenue-opportunities-with-open-apis.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=fisglobal}}</ref>
Rentegebaseerde inkomste is van kardinale belang vir baie finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye, veral in die bank- en leningsektore. Digitale banke en beleggingsplatforms verdien tipies rente op kliëntedeposito's en kontantsaldo's. Leningsplatforms kombineer dikwels rente-inkomste met leningsverkope, deur gedeeltes van hul leningsportefeuljes aan ander instellings of beleggers te verkoop.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LendingClub Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Results |url=https://ir.lendingclub.com/news/news-details/2023/LendingClub-Reports-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-2022-Results/default.aspx |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=LendingClub Investor Relations |date=2023-01-25}}</ref>
Datagedrewe inkomstemodelle, hoewel potensieel winsgewend, het toenemende ondersoek en regulering in die gesig gestaar. Sommige firmas is by datamonetisering betrokke deur saamgevoegde of geanonimiseerde gebruikersdata aan derde partye te verkoop. Hierdie praktyk het egter privaatheidskwessies en regulatoriese uitdagings laat ontstaan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawmakers Call for Investigation of Fintech Company Yodlee's Data Selling |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/lawmakers-call-for-investigation-of-fintech-firm-yodlees-data-selling-11579269600 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=WSJ |date=2020-01-17}}</ref> 'n Minder omstrede benadering behels die benutting van gebruikersdata vir geteikende advertensies en loodgenerering, waar inkomste deur produkaanbevelings en verwysingsfooie verdien word terwyl gratis dienste aan gebruikers verskaf word.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intuit Investor Dat 2023 |url=https://investors.intuit.com/_assets/_85ab9fac85f2c84ae8711d96ca5b2870/intuit/db/923/9393/pdf/Intuit-Investor-Day-2023_E2E-PRINT-Deck_092723-1.pdf |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=Intuit}}</ref>
Sommige inkomstemodelle, soos betaling vir bestellingsvloei (PFOF) wat deur sekere makelaarsfirmas gebruik word, beweeg in 'n regulatoriese grys gebied. Hoewel PFOF kommissievrye transaksies moontlik maak, wat moontlik kleinhandelbeleggers bevoordeel, is dit onder die soeklig weens kommer oor belangebotsings en beste-uitvoeringspraktyke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEC Charges Robinhood Financial With Misleading Customers About Revenue Sources and Failing to Satisfy Duty of Best Execution |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-321 |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=SEC.gov |date=2020-12-17}}</ref>
== Infrastruktuur ==
Moderne finansiële tegnologie berus op 'n gedeelde laag van tegniese infrastruktuur wat toepassings, banke en derdepartyverskaffers in staat stel om data veilig uit te ruil en transaksies te inisieer. Sentraal tot hierdie infrastruktuur is gestandaardiseerde toepassingsprogrammeringskoppelvlakke (API's), wat sagtewarestelsels toelaat om met mekaar te kommunikeer sonder om die onderliggende kode of data direk bloot te stel. Die sekuriteit van hierdie integrasies word bepaal deur protokolle soos OAuth 2.0 en OpenID Connect, en in finansiële dienste spesifiek deur die Financial-grade API- (FAPI) standaard — 'n sekuriteitsprofiel wat deur die OpenID Foundation ontwikkel is en wat definieer hoe API's wat sensitiewe finansiële data hanteer, kliënte moet verifieer, toestemming moet bestuur en die onweerlegbaarheid van transaksies moet verseker.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAPI Working Group |url=https://openid.net/wg/fapi/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=OpenID Foundation}}</ref>
Oopbankwese verteenwoordig die mees beduidende regulatoriese formalisering van hierdie API-infrastruktuur tot op hede. Onder oopbankwese-raamwerke word banke verplig om kliënterekeningdata en betalingsdienste via gestandaardiseerde API's aan gemagtigde derde partye beskikbaar te stel, onderhewig aan uitdruklike kliëntetoestemming. Die model is eerste op groot skaal verplig deur die [[Europese Unie]] se hersiene Betalingsdiensterigtlyn (PSD2) in 2018 en die VK se Open Banking Standard, wat ná 'n uitspraak van die Competition and Markets Authority in 2016 gevestig is.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025 |title=OBL Impact Report 7 |url=https://www.openbanking.org.uk/insights/obl-impact-report-7-open-banking-delivers-real-world-impact-as-adoption-accelerates-year-on-year/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Open Banking Limited}}</ref> Vergelykbare raamwerke is sedertdien wêreldwyd aangeneem, insluitend die Financial Data Exchange- (FDX) standaard in die Verenigde State en die Consumer Data Right (CDR) in Australië, hoewel hierdie verskil ten opsigte van terminologie, tegniese standaarde en implementeringsmodel.<ref>{{cite web |date=2026-01-28 |title=The Anatomy of a Thriving Open Banking Ecosystem |url=https://ozoneapi.com/blog/the-anatomy-of-a-thriving-open-banking-ecosystem/ |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Ozone API}}</ref> Teen 2024 is die wêreldwye oopbankwesemark op ongeveer $31,6 miljard gewaardeer en dit sal na verwagting teen 2030 $135 miljard bereik.<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Banking Market Size & Share |url=https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/open-banking-systems-market |accessdate=2026-04-01 |publisher=Grand View Research}}</ref>
== Kontroversies ==
Namate finansiëletegnologiemaatskappye poog om tradisionele [[finansiële dienste]] te ontwrig, is sommige gekritiseer omdat hulle groei bo nakoming, sekuriteit en verbruikersbeskerming gestel het.
In 'n noemenswaardige kontroversie het die kriptogeldeenheidbeurs FTX in November 2022 ineengestort te midde van beskuldigings van misleidende praktyke, onbehoorlike hantering van kliëntebates en onvoldoende risikobeheer.<ref>{{cite news|first=MacKenzie|last=Sigalos|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/15/how-sam-bankman-frieds-ftx-alameda-empire-vanished-overnight.html|title=How Sam Bankman-Fried's crypto empire vanished overnight|date=2022-11-11|work=[[CNBC]]}}</ref>
[[Sam Bankman-Fried]], FTX se stigter en uitvoerende hoof, is later skuldig bevind aan bedrog per elektroniese kommunikasie (''wire fraud''), sameswering en [[geldwassery]].<ref>{{cite news|first1=David|last1=Yaffe-Bellany|first2=Matthew|last2=Goldstein|first3=J. Edward|last3=Moreno|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|title=Sam Bankman-Fried Is Found Guilty of 7 Counts of Fraud and Conspiracy|date=2022-12-13|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202030700/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/02/technology/sam-bankman-fried-fraud-trial-ftx.html|archive-date=2023-12-02}}</ref>
== Verwysings en aantekeninge ==
{{Reflist|35em}}
== Verdere leesstof ==
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Teigland |editor1-first=R. |editor2-last=Siri |editor2-first=S.
|editor3-last=Larsson |editor3-first=A. |editor4-last=Puertas |editor4-first=A. M. |editor5-last=Bogusz |editor5-first=C. I. |title=The Rise and Development of FinTech (Open Access): Accounts of Disruption from Sweden and Beyond |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-8153-7850-1 |ref=none}}
* {{cite journal |first=Johannes |last=Treu |title=The Fintech Sensation – What is it about? |journal=Journal of International Business and Management |volume=5 |issue=1 |year=2022 |pages=1–19 |url=https://rpajournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/JIBM-2021-11-2094.pdf |access-date=2023-02-23|doi=10.37227/JIBM-2021-11-2094|issn=2616-5163|ref=none}}
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Normdata}}
[[Kategorie:Finansiële dienste]]
ic933drw28dhwqx16i5l2jyovzp2z2a
Buddleja dysophylla
0
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2026-08-21T12:25:10Z
Oesjaar
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Nuwe spesie met foto's.
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{{Spesieboks
| status = LC
| status_system = iucn3.1
| name = Witranksalie
| image =
| taxon = Buddleja dysophylla
| authority = (Benth.) Radlk., (1883)
| synonyms =* ''Chilianthus dysophyllus'' <small>(Benth.) Benth.</small>
* ''Nuxia dysophylla'' <small>Benth.</small>
}}
Die '''witranksalie''' (''Buddleja dysophylla'') is 'n [[struik]] wat deel van die Scrophulariaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[inheems]] aan die [[Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo]], [[Eswatini]], [[Malawi]], [[Suid-Afrika]], [[Tanzanië]] en [[Zambië]]. In Suid-Afrika kom die [[spesie]] in [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Mpumalanga]] en die [[Oos-Kaap]] voor.
== Galery ==
<gallery>
Buddleja dysophylla, blare, Jan Celliers Park.jpg
Buddleja dysophylla, bloeipluim, Louwsburg.jpg
Buddleja dysophylla, loof en vrugte, Jan Celliers Park.jpg
</gallery>
== Bronnelys ==
* [https://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1972-4 REDLIST Sanbi]
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545944-1 Plants of the World]
* [https://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/search/detail/d4108d67-1e14-463f-bb1c-dfd1dcf173c6 Biodiversityadvisor]
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja|dysophylla]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van die Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Eswatini]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Malawi]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Tanzanië]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Zambië]]
bq211nmb4ntdhyvbqk6ftl8e7fo993q
2928733
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{{Spesieboks
| status = LC
| status_system = iucn3.1
| name = Witranksalie
| image =
| taxon = Buddleja dysophylla
| authority = (Benth.) Radlk., (1883)
| synonyms =* ''Chilianthus dysophyllus'' <small>(Benth.) Benth.</small>
* ''Nuxia dysophylla'' <small>Benth.</small>
}}
Die '''witranksalie''' (''Buddleja dysophylla'') is 'n [[struik]] wat deel van die Scrophulariaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[inheems]] aan die [[Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo]], [[Eswatini]], [[Malawi]], [[Suid-Afrika]], [[Tanzanië]] en [[Zambië]]. In Suid-Afrika kom die [[spesie]] in [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Mpumalanga]] en die [[Oos-Kaap]] voor.
Die boom se FSA-nommer is 636.3.<ref>https://www.treetags.co.za/national-list-of-indigenous-trees/</ref>
== Galery ==
<gallery>
Buddleja dysophylla, blare, Jan Celliers Park.jpg
Buddleja dysophylla, bloeipluim, Louwsburg.jpg
Buddleja dysophylla, loof en vrugte, Jan Celliers Park.jpg
</gallery>
== Sien ook ==
* [[Alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse bome]]
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings}}
== Bronnelys ==
* [https://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1972-4 REDLIST Sanbi]
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545944-1 Plants of the World]
* [https://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/search/detail/d4108d67-1e14-463f-bb1c-dfd1dcf173c6 Biodiversityadvisor]
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja|dysophylla]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van die Demokratiese Republiek die Kongo]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Eswatini]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Malawi]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Tanzanië]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Zambië]]
a6dmkoa4zk5kkcyvj8s9yi2x0ticm0m
Bespreking:Buddleja dysophylla
1
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{{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}}
{{Bladtrekke}}
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Witranksalie
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465203
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Aanstuur
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#AANSTUUR [[Buddleja dysophylla]]
r6etvltw6dhcir8ifqvxeum2ry6do2l
Bespreking:Finansiële tegnologie
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{{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}}
{{Bladtrekke}}
2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv
Koppieskraalpan
0
465205
2928677
2026-08-21T14:02:42Z
AFM
21229
Nuwe bladsy geskep met ''''Koppieskraalpan''' is op die [[Hakskeenpan]] na die grootste pan van die nagenoeg 60 panne in [[Gordonia]] noord van die [[Oranjerivier]]. ==Ligging== Hierdie pan is by 26° 55′ 50″ suid, 20° 19′ 30″ oos, net suid van die Hakskeenpan, suidwes van die [[Kgalagadi-vredespark]] en 55 km wes van [[Askham]]. ==Pan== Hierdie droë soutpan van 10000 ha is ‘n 10 km in deursnee. Die panvloer is van klei sodat dit water hou na reën. Die onderliggende rotslaa...'
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'''Koppieskraalpan''' is op die [[Hakskeenpan]] na die grootste pan van die nagenoeg 60 panne in [[Gordonia]] noord van die [[Oranjerivier]].
==Ligging==
Hierdie pan is by 26° 55′ 50″ suid, 20° 19′ 30″ oos, net suid van die Hakskeenpan, suidwes van die [[Kgalagadi-vredespark]] en 55 km wes van [[Askham]].
==Pan==
Hierdie droë soutpan van 10000 ha is ‘n 10 km in deursnee. Die panvloer is van klei sodat dit water hou na reën. Die onderliggende rotslaag is nie diep onder die sand die. Omdat die vloer van die pan so gelyk is, kan met ‘n motor daaroor gery word. Hierdie en al die ander panne is oorblyfsels van ‘n stelsel riviere wat honderde jare gelede uit die [[Kunenerivier]] en die [[Zambezirivier]] suidwaarts na die [[Nossobrivier]] en die [[Moloporivier]] en dus die [[Oranjerivier]] geloop het.
==Ekonomie==
Op die oeweer word geboer met kamele en skape. Vir toeriste is daar aan die westekant ‘n kampeerterrein en voetslaanpaaie. ‘n 140 voëlspesies is al in die kontrei waargeneem. Weens die afwesigheid van ligbesoedeling leen die omgewing sig saans uitstekend tot waarneming van sterre.
==Lees ook==
*[[Kalahari-pannestreek]]
*[[Kalahari-besproeiingskema]]
==Bibliografie==
*kameelperd.co.za
*Lancaster, N.: Pans in the southwestern Kalahari – a preliminary report. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nicholas-Lancaster/publication/237080628_Pans_in_the_southwestern_Kalahari_A_preliminary_report/links/55ae901b08ae98e661a6ec07/Pans-in-the-southwestern-Kalahari-A-preliminary-report.pdf
[[Kategorie: Noord-Kaap]]
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2026-08-21T14:14:56Z
Aliwal2012
39067
Beste AFM, ek vind nie 'n webbladsy "kameelperd.co.za" nie! Vanwaar Gehasi?
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'''Koppieskraalpan''' is op die [[Hakskeenpan]] na die grootste pan van die nagenoeg 60 panne in [[Gordonia]] noord van die [[Oranjerivier]].
==Ligging==
Hierdie pan is by 26° 55′ 50″ suid, 20° 19′ 30″ oos, net suid van die Hakskeenpan, suidwes van die [[Kgalagadi-vredespark]] en 55 km wes van [[Askham]].
==Pan==
Hierdie droë soutpan van 10 000 ha is 10 km in deursnee. Die panvloer is van klei sodat dit water hou na reën. Die onderliggende rotslaag is nie diep onder die sand die. Omdat die vloer van die pan so gelyk is, kan met 'n motor daaroor gery word. Hierdie en al die ander panne is oorblyfsels van 'n stelsel riviere wat honderde jare gelede uit die [[Kunenerivier]] en die [[Zambezirivier]] suidwaarts na die [[Nossobrivier]] en die [[Moloporivier]] en dus die [[Oranjerivier]] geloop het.
==Ekonomie==
Op die oewer word met kamele en skape geboer. Vir toeriste is daar aan die westekant ‘n kampeerterrein en voetslaanpaaie. 140 voëlspesies is al in die kontrei waargeneem. Weens die afwesigheid van ligbesoedeling leen die omgewing is sig saans uitstekend vir waarneming van sterre.
==Lees ook==
*[[Kalahari-pannestreek]]
*[[Kalahari-besproeiingskema]]
==Bibliografie==
*Lancaster, N.: Pans in the southwestern Kalahari – a preliminary report. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nicholas-Lancaster/publication/237080628_Pans_in_the_southwestern_Kalahari_A_preliminary_report/links/55ae901b08ae98e661a6ec07/Pans-in-the-southwestern-Kalahari-A-preliminary-report.pdf
[[Kategorie:Noord-Kaap]]
nvjsexa7vtl9k7kdkcyom89ymdcyu4v
2928681
2928680
2026-08-21T14:16:47Z
Aliwal2012
39067
eie tikfout
2928681
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text/x-wiki
'''Koppieskraalpan''' is op die [[Hakskeenpan]] na die grootste pan van die nagenoeg 60 panne in [[Gordonia]] noord van die [[Oranjerivier]].
==Ligging==
Hierdie pan is by 26° 55′ 50″ suid, 20° 19′ 30″ oos, net suid van die Hakskeenpan, suidwes van die [[Kgalagadi-vredespark]] en 55 km wes van [[Askham]].
==Pan==
Hierdie droë soutpan van 10 000 ha is 10 km in deursnee. Die panvloer is van klei sodat dit water hou na reën. Die onderliggende rotslaag is nie diep onder die sand die. Omdat die vloer van die pan so gelyk is, kan met 'n motor daaroor gery word. Hierdie en al die ander panne is oorblyfsels van 'n stelsel riviere wat honderde jare gelede uit die [[Kunenerivier]] en die [[Zambezirivier]] suidwaarts na die [[Nossobrivier]] en die [[Moloporivier]] en dus die [[Oranjerivier]] geloop het.
==Ekonomie==
Op die oewer word met kamele en skape geboer. Vir toeriste is daar aan die westekant ‘n kampeerterrein en voetslaanpaaie. 140 voëlspesies is al in die kontrei waargeneem. Weens die afwesigheid van ligbesoedeling in die omgewing is sig saans uitstekend vir die waarneming van sterre.
==Lees ook==
*[[Kalahari-pannestreek]]
*[[Kalahari-besproeiingskema]]
==Bibliografie==
*Lancaster, N.: Pans in the southwestern Kalahari – a preliminary report. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nicholas-Lancaster/publication/237080628_Pans_in_the_southwestern_Kalahari_A_preliminary_report/links/55ae901b08ae98e661a6ec07/Pans-in-the-southwestern-Kalahari-A-preliminary-report.pdf
[[Kategorie:Noord-Kaap]]
bpuo4iy79xvugbk90bfnasxxw400ks7
2928701
2928681
2026-08-21T15:47:15Z
AFM
21229
/* Bibliografie */
2928701
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Koppieskraalpan''' is op die [[Hakskeenpan]] na die grootste pan van die nagenoeg 60 panne in [[Gordonia]] noord van die [[Oranjerivier]].
==Ligging==
Hierdie pan is by 26° 55′ 50″ suid, 20° 19′ 30″ oos, net suid van die Hakskeenpan, suidwes van die [[Kgalagadi-vredespark]] en 55 km wes van [[Askham]].
==Pan==
Hierdie droë soutpan van 10 000 ha is 10 km in deursnee. Die panvloer is van klei sodat dit water hou na reën. Die onderliggende rotslaag is nie diep onder die sand die. Omdat die vloer van die pan so gelyk is, kan met 'n motor daaroor gery word. Hierdie en al die ander panne is oorblyfsels van 'n stelsel riviere wat honderde jare gelede uit die [[Kunenerivier]] en die [[Zambezirivier]] suidwaarts na die [[Nossobrivier]] en die [[Moloporivier]] en dus die [[Oranjerivier]] geloop het.
==Ekonomie==
Op die oewer word met kamele en skape geboer. Vir toeriste is daar aan die westekant ‘n kampeerterrein en voetslaanpaaie. 140 voëlspesies is al in die kontrei waargeneem. Weens die afwesigheid van ligbesoedeling in die omgewing is sig saans uitstekend vir die waarneming van sterre.
==Lees ook==
*[[Kalahari-pannestreek]]
*[[Kalahari-besproeiingskema]]
==Bibliografie==
*kameelplaas.co.za
*Lancaster, N.: Pans in the southwestern Kalahari – a preliminary report. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nicholas-Lancaster/publication/237080628_Pans_in_the_southwestern_Kalahari_A_preliminary_report/links/55ae901b08ae98e661a6ec07/Pans-in-the-southwestern-Kalahari-A-preliminary-report.pdf
[[Kategorie:Noord-Kaap]]
bgy4gkksemzewi0cjtkt0602doounl9
2928703
2928701
2026-08-21T15:53:54Z
AFM
21229
/* Lees ook */
2928703
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Koppieskraalpan''' is op die [[Hakskeenpan]] na die grootste pan van die nagenoeg 60 panne in [[Gordonia]] noord van die [[Oranjerivier]].
==Ligging==
Hierdie pan is by 26° 55′ 50″ suid, 20° 19′ 30″ oos, net suid van die Hakskeenpan, suidwes van die [[Kgalagadi-vredespark]] en 55 km wes van [[Askham]].
==Pan==
Hierdie droë soutpan van 10 000 ha is 10 km in deursnee. Die panvloer is van klei sodat dit water hou na reën. Die onderliggende rotslaag is nie diep onder die sand die. Omdat die vloer van die pan so gelyk is, kan met 'n motor daaroor gery word. Hierdie en al die ander panne is oorblyfsels van 'n stelsel riviere wat honderde jare gelede uit die [[Kunenerivier]] en die [[Zambezirivier]] suidwaarts na die [[Nossobrivier]] en die [[Moloporivier]] en dus die [[Oranjerivier]] geloop het.
==Ekonomie==
Op die oewer word met kamele en skape geboer. Vir toeriste is daar aan die westekant ‘n kampeerterrein en voetslaanpaaie. 140 voëlspesies is al in die kontrei waargeneem. Weens die afwesigheid van ligbesoedeling in die omgewing is sig saans uitstekend vir die waarneming van sterre.
==Lees ook==
*[[Farini]]
*[[Kalahari-pannestreek]]
*[[Kalahari-besproeiingskema]]
==Bibliografie==
*kameelplaas.co.za
*Lancaster, N.: Pans in the southwestern Kalahari – a preliminary report. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nicholas-Lancaster/publication/237080628_Pans_in_the_southwestern_Kalahari_A_preliminary_report/links/55ae901b08ae98e661a6ec07/Pans-in-the-southwestern-Kalahari-A-preliminary-report.pdf
[[Kategorie:Noord-Kaap]]
liv637hl4sog3vajbynfhnj1avq09im
2928737
2928703
2026-08-21T20:09:33Z
AFM
21229
/* Pan */
2928737
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Koppieskraalpan''' is op die [[Hakskeenpan]] na die grootste pan van die nagenoeg 60 panne in [[Gordonia]] noord van die [[Oranjerivier]].
==Ligging==
Hierdie pan is by 26° 55′ 50″ suid, 20° 19′ 30″ oos, net suid van die Hakskeenpan, suidwes van die [[Kgalagadi-vredespark]] en 55 km wes van [[Askham]].
==Pan==
Hierdie droë soutpan van 10 000 ha is 10 km in deursnee. Die panvloer is van klei sodat dit water hou na reën. Die onderliggende rotslaag is nie diep onder die sand nie. Omdat die vloer van die pan so gelyk is, kan met 'n motor daaroor gery word. Hierdie en al die ander panne is oorblyfsels van 'n stelsel riviere wat honderde jare gelede uit die [[Kunenerivier]] en die [[Zambezirivier]] suidwaarts na die [[Nossobrivier]] en die [[Moloporivier]] en dus die [[Oranjerivier]] geloop het.
==Ekonomie==
Op die oewer word met kamele en skape geboer. Vir toeriste is daar aan die westekant ‘n kampeerterrein en voetslaanpaaie. 140 voëlspesies is al in die kontrei waargeneem. Weens die afwesigheid van ligbesoedeling in die omgewing is sig saans uitstekend vir die waarneming van sterre.
==Lees ook==
*[[Farini]]
*[[Kalahari-pannestreek]]
*[[Kalahari-besproeiingskema]]
==Bibliografie==
*kameelplaas.co.za
*Lancaster, N.: Pans in the southwestern Kalahari – a preliminary report. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nicholas-Lancaster/publication/237080628_Pans_in_the_southwestern_Kalahari_A_preliminary_report/links/55ae901b08ae98e661a6ec07/Pans-in-the-southwestern-Kalahari-A-preliminary-report.pdf
[[Kategorie:Noord-Kaap]]
mzn3q4exqf237g7t0mmis9a4555eywh
1976 Sweedse Grand Prix
0
465206
2928688
2026-08-21T14:49:07Z
Aliwal2012
39067
Hier gaan ons alweer
2928688
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Die '''[[1976 Formule Een-seisoen|1976]] [[Sweedse Grand Prix]]''' is op 13 Junie 1976 op die [[Skandinawiese Renbaan]] in Anderstorp, Swede gehou. Dit was die sewende wedren van die seisoen.
== Renuitslag ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Rede
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
! 1
| 3
| [[Beeld:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|20px]] '''[[Jody Scheckter]]'''
| '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 72
| 1:46:53.729
| 1
| '''9'''
|-
! 2
| 4
| {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Patrick Depailler]]'''
| '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 72
| + 19.766
| 4
| '''6'''
|-
! 3
| 1
| {{AT-VLAG}} '''[[Niki Lauda]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| 72
| + 33.866
| 5
| '''4'''
|-
! 4
| 26
| {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Jacques Laffite]]'''
| '''[[Ligier]]-Matra'''
| 72
| + 55.819
| 7
| '''3'''
|-
! 5
| 11
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[James Hunt]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 72
| + 59.483
| 8
| '''2'''
|-
! 6
| 2
| {{CH-VLAG}} '''[[Clay Regazzoni]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| 72
| + 1:00.366
| 11
| '''1'''
|-
! 7
| 10
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 72
| + 1:03.493
| 9
|
|-
! 8
| 8
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]]
| 72
| + 1:11.613
| 10
|
|-
! 9
| 16
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Tom Pryce]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 71
| + 1 Ronde
| 12
|
|-
! 10
| 9
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 71
| + 1 Ronde
| 15
|
|-
! 11
| 12
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Jochen Mass]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 71
| + 1 Ronde
| 13
|
|-
! 12
| 17
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 71
| + 1 Ronde
| 14
|
|-
! 13
| 19
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Alan Jones]]
| [[Surtees (Formule 1)|Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 71
| + 1 Ronde
| 18
|
|-
! 14
| 35
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Arturo Merzario]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 70
| Enjin
| 19
|
|-
! 15
| 18
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Brett Lunger]]
| [[Surtees (Formule 1)|Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 70
| + 2 Rondes
| 24
|
|-
! NF
| 24
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Harald Ertl]]
| [[Hesketh (Formule 1)|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 54
| Tol
| 23
|
|-
! NF
| 34
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Hans Joachim Stuck]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 52
| Enjin
| 20
|
|-
! NF
| 5
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Mario Andretti]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 45
| Enjin
| 2
|
|-
! NF
| 22
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Chris Amon]]
| [[Ensign (Formule 1)|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 38
| Ongeluk
| 3
|
|-
! NF
| 21
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Michel Leclere]]
| [[Walter Wolf Racing|Wolf]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 20
| Enjin
| 25
|
|-
! NF
| 37
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Larry Perkins]]
| [[Boro (Formula 1)|Boro]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 18
| Enjin
| 22
|
|-
! NF
| 30
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]
| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 10
| Hantering
| 21
|
|-
! NF
| 32
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Loris Kessel]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 5
| Ongeluk
| 26
|
|-
! NF
| 6
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Gunnar Nilsson]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 2
| Ongeluk
| 6
|
|-
! NF
| 7
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo (Formule 1)|Alfa Romeo]]
| 2
| Enjin
| 16
|
|-
! NF
| 28
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[John Watson]]
| [[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 0
| Ongeluk
| 17
|
|}
{{F1GP 1970–1979}}
[[Kategorie:Sweedse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 1976]]
p2gsjfgw10csz280xpx70pwecs7y86f
1975 Sweedse Grand Prix
0
465207
2928689
2026-08-21T14:56:15Z
Aliwal2012
39067
nuwe artikel
2928689
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Die '''[[1975 Formule Een-seisoen|1975]] [[Sweedse Grand Prix]]''' is op 8 Junie 1975 op die [[Skandinawiese Renbaan]] in Anderstorp, Swede gehou. Dit was die sewende wedren van die seisoen.
== Renuitslag ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Rede
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
! 1
| 12
| {{AT-VLAG}} '''[[Niki Lauda]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| 80
| 1:59:18.319
| 5
| '''9'''
|-
! 2
| 7
| {{AR-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Reutemann]]'''
| '''[[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 6.288
| 4
| '''6'''
|-
! 3
| 11
| {{CH-VLAG}} '''[[Clay Regazzoni]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| 80
| + 29.095
| 12
| '''4'''
|-
! 4
| 27
| {{US-VLAG}} '''[[Mario Andretti]]'''
| '''Parnelli-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 44.380
| 15
| '''3'''
|-
! 5
| 28
|{{US-VLAG}} '''[[Mark Donohue]]'''
| '''[[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 1:30.763
| 16
| '''2'''
|-
! 6
| 23
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[Tony Brise]]'''
| '''Hill-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 17
| '''1'''
|-
! 7
| 3
|[[Beeld:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|20px]] [[Jody Scheckter]]
| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 8
|
|-
! 8
| 1
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 11
|
|-
! 9
| 5
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 9
|
|-
! 10
| 32
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Torsten Palm]]
| [[Hesketh (Formule 1)|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 78
| Sonder brandstof
| 21
|
|-
! 11
| 26
|{{AU-VLAG}} [[Alan Jones]]
| [[Hesketh (Formule 1)|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 78
| + 2 Rondes
| 19
|
|-
! 12
| 4
|{{FR-VLAG}} [[Patrick Depailler]]
| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 78
| + 2 Rondes
| 2
|
|-
! 13
| 14
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Bob Evans]]
| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]
| 78
| + 2 Rondes
| 23
|
|-
! 14
| 20
|{{GB-VLAG}} [[Damien Magee]]
| [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 78
| + 2 Rondes
| 22
|
|-
! 15
| 6
|{{BE-VLAG}} [[Jacky Ickx]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 77
| + 3 Rondes
| 18
|
|-
! 16
| 18
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[John Watson]]
| [[Surtees (Formule 1)|Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 77
| + 3 Rondes
| 10
|
|-
! 17
| 30
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Wilson Fittipaldi Jr.]]
| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 74
| + 6 Rondes
| 25
|
|-
! NF
| 16
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Tom Pryce]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 53
| Tol
| 7
|
|-
! NF
| 21
| [[Beeld:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|20px]] [[Ian Scheckter]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 49
| Band
| 20
|
|-
! NF
| 22
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Vern Schuppan]]
| Hill-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 47
| Transmissie
| 26
|
|-
! NF
| 8
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 41
| Tol
| 6
|
|-
! NF
| 17
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 38
| Enjin
| 3
|
|-
! NF
| 9
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 36
| Transmissie
| 1
|
|-
! NF
| 2
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Jochen Mass]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 34
| Oorverhit
| 14
|
|-
! NF
| 24
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[James Hunt]]
| [[Hesketh (Formule 1)|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 21
| Remme
| 13
|
|-
! NF
| 10
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Lella Lombardi]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 10
| Brandstofstelsel
| 24
|
|}
{{F1GP 1970–1979}}
[[Kategorie:Sweedse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 1975]]
25nvv8e5d9pq2f8nwjbpverf2tlavh5
2928690
2928689
2026-08-21T14:57:52Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Renuitslag */
2928690
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Die '''[[1975 Formule Een-seisoen|1975]] [[Sweedse Grand Prix]]''' is op 8 Junie 1975 op die [[Skandinawiese Renbaan]] in Anderstorp, Swede gehou. Dit was die sewende wedren van die seisoen.
== Renuitslag ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Rede
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
! 1
| 12
| {{AT-VLAG}} '''[[Niki Lauda]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| 80
| 1:59:18.319
| 5
| '''9'''
|-
! 2
| 7
| {{AR-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Reutemann]]'''
| '''[[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 6.288
| 4
| '''6'''
|-
! 3
| 11
| {{CH-VLAG}} '''[[Clay Regazzoni]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| 80
| + 29.095
| 12
| '''4'''
|-
! 4
| 27
| {{US-VLAG}} '''[[Mario Andretti]]'''
| '''Parnelli-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 44.380
| 15
| '''3'''
|-
! 5
| 28
|{{US-VLAG}} '''[[Mark Donohue]]'''
| '''[[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 1:30.763
| 16
| '''2'''
|-
! 6
| 23
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[Tony Brise]]'''
| '''Hill-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 17
| '''1'''
|-
! 7
| 3
|[[Beeld:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|20px]] [[Jody Scheckter]]
| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 8
|
|-
! 8
| 1
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 11
|
|-
! 9
| 5
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 9
|
|-
! 10
| 32
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Torsten Palm]]
| [[Hesketh (Formule 1)|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 78
| Sonder brandstof
| 21
|
|-
! 11
| 26
|{{AU-VLAG}} [[Alan Jones]]
| [[Hesketh (Formule 1)|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 78
| + 2 Rondes
| 19
|
|-
! 12
| 4
|{{FR-VLAG}} [[Patrick Depailler]]
| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 78
| + 2 Rondes
| 2
|
|-
! 13
| 14
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Bob Evans]]
| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]
| 78
| + 2 Rondes
| 23
|
|-
! 14
| 20
|{{GB-VLAG}} [[Damien Magee]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 78
| + 2 Rondes
| 22
|
|-
! 15
| 6
|{{BE-VLAG}} [[Jacky Ickx]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 77
| + 3 Rondes
| 18
|
|-
! 16
| 18
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[John Watson]]
| [[Surtees (Formule 1)|Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 77
| + 3 Rondes
| 10
|
|-
! 17
| 30
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Wilson Fittipaldi Jr.]]
| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 74
| + 6 Rondes
| 25
|
|-
! NF
| 16
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Tom Pryce]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 53
| Tol
| 7
|
|-
! NF
| 21
| [[Beeld:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|20px]] [[Ian Scheckter]]
| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 49
| Band
| 20
|
|-
! NF
| 22
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Vern Schuppan]]
| Hill-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 47
| Transmissie
| 26
|
|-
! NF
| 8
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 41
| Tol
| 6
|
|-
! NF
| 17
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 38
| Enjin
| 3
|
|-
! NF
| 9
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 36
| Transmissie
| 1
|
|-
! NF
| 2
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Jochen Mass]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 34
| Oorverhit
| 14
|
|-
! NF
| 24
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[James Hunt]]
| [[Hesketh (Formule 1)|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 21
| Remme
| 13
|
|-
! NF
| 10
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Lella Lombardi]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 10
| Brandstofstelsel
| 24
|
|}
{{F1GP 1970–1979}}
[[Kategorie:Sweedse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 1975]]
cm4au122gak3s60fzb7vqk9cvc107wl
Kategoriebespreking:Buddleja
15
465208
2928694
2026-08-21T15:03:41Z
Oesjaar
7467
Verbeter
2928694
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}}
{{Bladtrekke}}
2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv
1974 Sweedse Grand Prix
0
465209
2928695
2026-08-21T15:06:21Z
Aliwal2012
39067
nuwe artikel
2928695
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Die '''[[1974 Formule Een-seisoen|1974]] [[Sweedse Grand Prix]]''' is op 9 Junie 1974 op die [[Skandinawiese Renbaan]] in Anderstorp, Swede gehou. Dit was die sewende wedren van die seisoen.
== Renuitslag ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Rede
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
! 1
| 3
| [[Beeld:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|20px]] '''[[Jody Scheckter]]'''
| '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| 1:58:31.391
| 2
| '''9'''
|-
! 2
| 4
|{{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Patrick Depailler]]'''
| '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 0.380
| 1
| '''6'''
|-
! 3
| 24
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[James Hunt]]'''
| '''[[Hesketh (Formule 1)|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 3.325
| 6
| '''4'''
|-
! 4
| 5
| {{BR-VLAG}} '''[[Emerson Fittipaldi]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 53.507
| 9
| '''3'''
|-
! 5
| 17
| {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]'''
| '''[[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 1:16.403
| 8
| '''2'''
|-
! 6
| 26
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[Graham Hill]]'''
| '''[[Lola (renmotor)|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 15
| '''1'''
|-
! 7
| 27
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Guy Edwards]]
| [[Lola (renmotor)|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 18
|
|-
! 8
| 21
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Tom Belsø]]
| [[Iso Marlboro]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 21
|
|-
! 9
| 8
| {{Vlagikoon|Liechtenstein}} [[Rikky von Opel]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 20
|
|-
! 10
| 10
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 78
| Enjin
| 17
|
|-
! 11
| 28
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[John Watson]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 77
| + 3 Rondes
| 14
|
|-
! NF
| 22
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Vern Schuppan]]
| [[Ensign (Formule 1)|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 77
| Gediskwalifiseer
| 26
|
|-
! NF
| 12
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Niki Lauda]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 70
| Ratkas
| 3
|
|-
! NF
| 9
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Reine Wisell]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 59
| Suspensie
| 16
|
|-
! NF
| 6
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Denny Hulme]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 56
| Suspensie
| 12
|
|-
! NF
| 19
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Jochen Mass]]
| [[Surtees (Formule 1)|Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 53
| Suspensie
| 22
|
|-
! NF
| 7
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 30
| Olielek
| 10
|
|-
! NF
| 2
| {{BE-VLAG}} [[Jacky Ickx]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 27
| Enjin
| 7
|
|-
! NF
| 11
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 24
| Ratkas
| 4
|
|-
! NF
| 18
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]
| [[Surtees (Formule 1)|Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 15
| Hantering
| 24
|
|-
! NF
| 1
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 8
| Aandrywing
| 5
|
|-
! NF
| 23
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Leo Kinnunen]]
| [[Surtees (Formule 1)|Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 8
| Enjin
| 25
|
|-
! NF
| 33
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Mike Hailwood]]
| McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 5
| Brandstoflek
| 11
|
|-
! NF
| 14
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]
| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]
| 3
| Enjin
| 13
|
|-
! NF
| 16
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Bertil Roos]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 2
| Ratkas
| 23
|
|-
! NF
| 15
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Henri Pescarolo]]
| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]
| 0
| Brand
| 19
|
|}
{{F1GP 1970–1979}}
[[Kategorie:Sweedse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 1974]]
lzy1dob481mfi8jtu53it5qdx0ohz24
2928696
2928695
2026-08-21T15:07:20Z
Aliwal2012
39067
/* Renuitslag */
2928696
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Die '''[[1974 Formule Een-seisoen|1974]] [[Sweedse Grand Prix]]''' is op 9 Junie 1974 op die [[Skandinawiese Renbaan]] in Anderstorp, Swede gehou. Dit was die sewende wedren van die seisoen.
== Renuitslag ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Rede
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
! 1
| 3
| [[Beeld:Flag of South Africa 1928-1994.svg|20px]] '''[[Jody Scheckter]]'''
| '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| 1:58:31.391
| 2
| '''9'''
|-
! 2
| 4
|{{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Patrick Depailler]]'''
| '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 0.380
| 1
| '''6'''
|-
! 3
| 24
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[James Hunt]]'''
| '''[[Hesketh (Formule 1)|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 3.325
| 6
| '''4'''
|-
! 4
| 5
| {{BR-VLAG}} '''[[Emerson Fittipaldi]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 53.507
| 9
| '''3'''
|-
! 5
| 17
| {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]'''
| '''[[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| + 1:16.403
| 8
| '''2'''
|-
! 6
| 26
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[Graham Hill]]'''
| '''[[Lola (renmotor)|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 15
| '''1'''
|-
! 7
| 27
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Guy Edwards]]
| [[Lola (renmotor)|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 18
|
|-
! 8
| 21
| {{DK-VLAG}} [[Tom Belsø]]
| [[Iso Marlboro]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 21
|
|-
! 9
| 8
| {{Vlagikoon|Liechtenstein}} [[Rikky von Opel]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 20
|
|-
! 10
| 10
| {{IT-VLAG}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 78
| Enjin
| 17
|
|-
! 11
| 28
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[John Watson]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 77
| + 3 Rondes
| 14
|
|-
! NF
| 22
| {{AU-VLAG}} [[Vern Schuppan]]
| [[Ensign (Formule 1)|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 77
| Gediskwalifiseer
| 26
|
|-
! NF
| 12
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Niki Lauda]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 70
| Ratkas
| 3
|
|-
! NF
| 9
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Reine Wisell]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 59
| Suspensie
| 16
|
|-
! NF
| 6
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Denny Hulme]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 56
| Suspensie
| 12
|
|-
! NF
| 19
| {{DE-VLAG}} [[Jochen Mass]]
| [[Surtees (Formule 1)|Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 53
| Suspensie
| 22
|
|-
! NF
| 7
| {{AR-VLAG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 30
| Olielek
| 10
|
|-
! NF
| 2
| {{BE-VLAG}} [[Jacky Ickx]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 27
| Enjin
| 7
|
|-
! NF
| 11
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]
| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]
| 24
| Ratkas
| 4
|
|-
! NF
| 18
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]
| [[Surtees (Formule 1)|Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 15
| Hantering
| 24
|
|-
! NF
| 1
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 8
| Aandrywing
| 5
|
|-
! NF
| 23
| {{FI-VLAG}} [[Leo Kinnunen]]
| [[Surtees (Formule 1)|Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 8
| Enjin
| 25
|
|-
! NF
| 33
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Mike Hailwood]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 5
| Brandstoflek
| 11
|
|-
! NF
| 14
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]
| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]
| 3
| Enjin
| 13
|
|-
! NF
| 16
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Bertil Roos]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 2
| Ratkas
| 23
|
|-
! NF
| 15
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Henri Pescarolo]]
| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]
| 0
| Brand
| 19
|
|}
{{F1GP 1970–1979}}
[[Kategorie:Sweedse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 1974]]
dxi1l13n5t5k115hyu635nfhycpcen6
1973 Sweedse Grand Prix
0
465210
2928698
2026-08-21T15:13:07Z
Aliwal2012
39067
.
2928698
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Die '''[[1973 Formule Een-seisoen|1973]] [[Sweedse Grand Prix]]''' is op 17 Junie 1973 op die [[Skandinawiese Renbaan]] in Anderstorp, Swede gehou. Dit was die sewende wedren van die seisoen.
== Renuitslag ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%"
! Plek
! Nr.
! Renjaer
! Vervaardiger
! Rondes
! Tyd/Rede
! Rooster
! Punte
|-
! 1
| 7
| {{NZ-VLAG}} '''[[Denny Hulme]]'''
| '''[[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| 1:56:46.0
| 6
| '''9'''
|-
! 2
| 2
| {{SE-VLAG}} '''[[Ronnie Peterson]]'''
| '''[[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| 4.039
| 1
| '''6'''
|-
! 3
| 6
| {{FR-VLAG}} '''[[François Cevert]]'''
| '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| 14.667
| 2
| '''4'''
|-
! 4
| 10
| {{AR-VLAG}} '''[[Carlos Reutemann]]'''
| '''[[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| 18.068
| 5
| '''3'''
|-
! 5
| 5
| {{GB-VLAG}} '''[[Jackie Stewart]]'''
| '''[[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]'''
| 80
| 25.998
| 3
| '''2'''
|-
! 6
| 3
| {{BE-VLAG}} '''[[Jacky Ickx]]'''
| '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 8
| '''1'''
|-
! 7
| 8
| {{US-VLAG}} [[Peter Revson]]
| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 79
| + 1 Ronde
| 7
|
|-
! 8
| 15
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Mike Beuttler]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 78
| + 2 Rondes
| 21
|
|-
! 9
| 19
| {{CH-VLAG}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]
| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]
| 77
| + 3 Rondes
| 12
|
|-
! 10
| 24
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]
| [[Surtees (Formule 1)|Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 77
| + 3 Rondes
| 16
|
|-
! 11
| 25
| {{NZ-VLAG}} [[Howden Ganley]]
| [[Iso Marlboro]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 77
| + 3 Rondes
| 11
|
|-
! 12
| 1
|{{BR-VLAG}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]
| [[Team Lotus (1958-1994)|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 76
| Ratkas
| 4
|
|-
! 13
| 21
| {{AT-VLAG}} [[Niki Lauda]]
| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]
| 75
| + 5 Rondes
| 15
|
|-
! 14
| 16
| {{US-VLAG}} [[George Follmer]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 74
| + 6 Rondes
| 19
|
|-
! NF
| 20
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]
| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]
| 57
| Enjin
| 9
|
|-
! NF
| 17
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Jackie Oliver]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 50
| Suspensie
| 17
|
|-
! NF
| 23
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Mike Hailwood]]
| [[Surtees (Formule 1)|Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 41
| Band
| 10
|
|-
! NF
| 14
| {{FR-VLAG}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 38
| Petrolpedaal
| 20
|
|-
! NF
| 12
| {{GB-VLAG}} [[Graham Hill]]
| [[Shadow (Formule 1)|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 16
| Ontsteking
| 18
|
|-
! NF
| 11
| {{BR-VLAG}} [[Wilson Fittipaldi Jr.]]
| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 0
| Ongeluk
| 13
|
|-
! NF
| 27
| {{SE-VLAG}} [[Reine Wisell]]
| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]
| 0
| Suspensie
| 14
|
|}
{{F1GP 1970–1979}}
[[Kategorie:Sweedse Grand Prix]]
[[Kategorie:Sport in 1973]]
irifh8hn6vxyya104i4g2s3bch6mfos
Lêer:Theron, valskleur-KI-herskepping.jpg
6
465211
2928700
2026-08-21T15:45:35Z
JMK
649
== Opsomming ==
{{Beeldinligting
|beskrywing=
{{af|1=Danie Theron}}
|bron=[http://www.instinsky.de/Boer_War/Danie_Theron/danie_theron.html]], met ChatGPT-aanhef vir realistiese herskepping van hierdie [https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Theron.jpg foto] as bron
|datum=ca 1900
|daarsteller= Morné van Rooyen, [[Gebruiker:JMK|JMK]] met ChatGPT
|outeur=Onbekend
|ander_weergawes= [[Lêer:Theron, valskleur-KI-herskepping.jpg|85px|oorspronklike]]
}}
<!-- VERPLIG: Moenie vergeet om n lisensie te...
2928700
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Opsomming ==
{{Beeldinligting
|beskrywing=
{{af|1=Danie Theron}}
|bron=[http://www.instinsky.de/Boer_War/Danie_Theron/danie_theron.html]], met ChatGPT-aanhef vir realistiese herskepping van hierdie [https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Theron.jpg foto] as bron
|datum=ca 1900
|daarsteller= Morné van Rooyen, [[Gebruiker:JMK|JMK]] met ChatGPT
|outeur=Onbekend
|ander_weergawes= [[Lêer:Theron, valskleur-KI-herskepping.jpg|85px|oorspronklike]]
}}
<!-- VERPLIG: Moenie vergeet om n lisensie te kies ASOOK n bron EN n outeur in te vul nie! -->
[[Kategorie:KI-gegenereerde beelde]]
[[Kategorie:Mense in die Tweede Vryheidsoorlog]]
== Lisensiëring ==
{{PD-SA}}
1fhhfnegt8ikb5scpgjyrdbnbnvvlyo
Buddleja glomerata
0
465212
2928704
2026-08-21T16:06:15Z
Oesjaar
7467
Nuwe spesie met foto's.
2928704
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Spesieboks
| status = LC
| status_system = iucn3.1
| name = Karoosalie
| image =
| taxon = Buddleja glomerata
| authority = H.L.Wendl., (1825)
| synonyms =* ''Buddleja lobulata'' <small>(Benth.) Phillips</small>
* ''Chilianthus lobulatus'' <small>(Benth.) Benth.</small>
* ''Nuxia lobulata'' <small>Benth.</small>
}}
Die '''karoosalie''' (''Buddleja glomerata'') is 'n [[struik]] wat deel van die Scrophulariaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[Endemie (ekologie)|endemies]] aan [[Suid-Afrika]] en kom in die [[Noord-Kaap]], [[Oos-Kaap]] en die [[Wes-Kaap]] voor.
== Galery ==
<gallery>
Buddleja glomerata.jpg
Buddleja glomerata00.jpg
Buddleja glomerata01.jpg
Buddleja glomerata02.jpg
Buddleja glomerata03.jpg
Buddleja glomerata04.jpg
</gallery>
== Bronnelys ==
* [https://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1972-5 REDLIST Sanbi]
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545949-1 Plants of the World]
* [https://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/search/detail/32bfcef4-2471-45a0-b2c7-cdfdcd5199c0 Biodiversityadvisor]
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja|glomerata]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Endemiese plante van Suid-Afrika]]
saan276gs36h0w8lx416r25sv0f89n9
2928705
2928704
2026-08-21T16:08:25Z
Oesjaar
7467
Verbeter
2928705
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Spesieboks
| status = LC
| status_system = iucn3.1
| name = Karoosalie
| image =
| taxon = Buddleja glomerata
| authority = H.L.Wendl., (1825)
| synonyms =* ''Buddleja lobulata'' <small>(Benth.) Phillips</small>
* ''Chilianthus lobulatus'' <small>(Benth.) Benth.</small>
* ''Nuxia lobulata'' <small>Benth.</small>
}}
Die '''karoosalie''' (''Buddleja glomerata'') is 'n [[struik]] wat deel van die Scrophulariaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[Endemie (ekologie)|endemies]] aan [[Suid-Afrika]] en kom in die [[Noord-Kaap]], [[Oos-Kaap]] en die [[Wes-Kaap]] voor.
Die spesie staan ook as die ''kakkerlak'' en ''niesbos'' bekend.
== Galery ==
<gallery>
Buddleja glomerata.jpg
Buddleja glomerata00.jpg
Buddleja glomerata01.jpg
Buddleja glomerata02.jpg
Buddleja glomerata03.jpg
Buddleja glomerata04.jpg
</gallery>
== Bronnelys ==
* [https://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1972-5 REDLIST Sanbi]
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545949-1 Plants of the World]
* [https://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/search/detail/32bfcef4-2471-45a0-b2c7-cdfdcd5199c0 Biodiversityadvisor]
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja|glomerata]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Endemiese plante van Suid-Afrika]]
gbtjdczdcd0ao4vz3f0ra7bec3dhahk
2928712
2928705
2026-08-21T17:39:35Z
Oesjaar
7467
Verbeter
2928712
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Spesieboks
| status = LC
| status_system = iucn3.1
| name = Karoosalie
| image =
| taxon = Buddleja glomerata
| authority = H.L.Wendl., (1825)
| synonyms =* ''Buddleja lobulata'' <small>(Benth.) Phillips</small>
* ''Chilianthus lobulatus'' <small>(Benth.) Benth.</small>
* ''Nuxia lobulata'' <small>Benth.</small>
}}
Die '''karoosalie''' (''Buddleja glomerata'') is 'n [[struik]] wat deel van die Scrophulariaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[Endemie (ekologie)|endemies]] aan [[Suid-Afrika]] en kom in die [[Noord-Kaap]], [[Oos-Kaap]] en die [[Wes-Kaap]] voor.
Die spesie staan ook as die ''kakkerlak'' en ''niesbos'' bekend. Die boom se FSA-nommer is 636.1.<ref>https://www.treetags.co.za/national-list-of-indigenous-trees/</ref>
== Galery ==
<gallery>
Buddleja glomerata.jpg
Buddleja glomerata00.jpg
Buddleja glomerata01.jpg
Buddleja glomerata02.jpg
Buddleja glomerata03.jpg
Buddleja glomerata04.jpg
</gallery>
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings}}
== Bronnelys ==
* [https://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1972-5 REDLIST Sanbi]
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545949-1 Plants of the World]
* [https://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/search/detail/32bfcef4-2471-45a0-b2c7-cdfdcd5199c0 Biodiversityadvisor]
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja|glomerata]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Endemiese plante van Suid-Afrika]]
2yswm13jze82ep8tihyty8eebq8eu04
2928713
2928712
2026-08-21T17:40:32Z
Oesjaar
7467
Verbeter
2928713
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Spesieboks
| status = LC
| status_system = iucn3.1
| name = Karoosalie
| image =
| taxon = Buddleja glomerata
| authority = H.L.Wendl., (1825)
| synonyms =* ''Buddleja lobulata'' <small>(Benth.) Phillips</small>
* ''Chilianthus lobulatus'' <small>(Benth.) Benth.</small>
* ''Nuxia lobulata'' <small>Benth.</small>
}}
Die '''karoosalie''' (''Buddleja glomerata'') is 'n [[struik]] wat deel van die Scrophulariaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[Endemie (ekologie)|endemies]] aan [[Suid-Afrika]] en kom in die [[Noord-Kaap]], [[Oos-Kaap]] en die [[Wes-Kaap]] voor.
Die spesie staan ook as die ''kakkerlak'' en ''niesbos'' bekend. Die boom se FSA-nommer is 636.1.<ref>https://www.treetags.co.za/national-list-of-indigenous-trees/</ref>
== Galery ==
<gallery>
Buddleja glomerata.jpg
Buddleja glomerata00.jpg
Buddleja glomerata01.jpg
Buddleja glomerata02.jpg
Buddleja glomerata03.jpg
Buddleja glomerata04.jpg
</gallery>
== Sien ook ==
* [[Alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse bome]]
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings}}
== Bronnelys ==
* [https://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1972-5 REDLIST Sanbi]
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545949-1 Plants of the World]
* [https://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/search/detail/32bfcef4-2471-45a0-b2c7-cdfdcd5199c0 Biodiversityadvisor]
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja|glomerata]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Endemiese plante van Suid-Afrika]]
fslpb5wy8tu5fydk80q01nfkxu7lkno
Karoosalie
0
465213
2928706
2026-08-21T16:08:54Z
Oesjaar
7467
Aanstuur
2928706
wikitext
text/x-wiki
#AANSTUUR [[Buddleja glomerata]]
squz6rf1tidi0ipkqkbo9ph041n4t3t
Bespreking:Buddleja glomerata
1
465214
2928707
2026-08-21T16:09:19Z
Oesjaar
7467
Verbeter
2928707
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}}
{{Bladtrekke}}
2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv
Buddleja loricata
0
465215
2928708
2026-08-21T16:26:00Z
Oesjaar
7467
Nuwe spesie met foto's.
2928708
wikitext
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{{Spesieboks
| status = LC
| status_system = iucn3.1
| name = Bergsalie
| image =
| taxon = Buddleja loricata
| authority = Leeuwenb., (1975)
| synonyms =* ''Buddleja corrugata'' <small>(Benth.) Phillips</small>
* ''Chilianthus corrugatus'' <small>(Benth.) Benth.</small>
* ''Nuxia corrugata'' <small>Benth.</small>
}}
Die '''bergsalie''' (''Buddleja loricata'') is 'n [[struik]] wat deel van die Scrophulariaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[inheems]] aan [[Lesotho]] en [[Suid-Afrika]]. In Suid-Afrika kom die spesie in [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Oos-Kaap]] en die [[Vrystaat]] voor.
Die spesie staan ook as die ''bergolien'' en ''bergolyf'' bekend.
== Galery ==
<gallery>
Budd. loricata 2.jpg
</gallery>
== Bronnelys ==
* [https://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1972-6 REDLIST Sanbi]
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545961-1 Plants of the World]
* [https://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/search/detail/77fc838e-cbae-4fa8-a3a4-57ff589db2f3 Biodiversityadvisor]
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja|loricata]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Lesotho]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
3kbjjoeq15nwt4a4jqvh2vhycrth131
2928715
2928708
2026-08-21T17:43:21Z
Oesjaar
7467
Verbeter
2928715
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Spesieboks
| status = LC
| status_system = iucn3.1
| name = Bergsalie
| image =
| taxon = Buddleja loricata
| authority = Leeuwenb., (1975)
| synonyms =* ''Buddleja corrugata'' <small>(Benth.) Phillips</small>
* ''Chilianthus corrugatus'' <small>(Benth.) Benth.</small>
* ''Nuxia corrugata'' <small>Benth.</small>
}}
Die '''bergsalie''' (''Buddleja loricata'') is 'n [[struik]] wat deel van die Scrophulariaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[inheems]] aan [[Lesotho]] en [[Suid-Afrika]]. In Suid-Afrika kom die spesie in [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Oos-Kaap]] en die [[Vrystaat]] voor.
Die spesie staan ook as die ''bergolien'' en ''bergolyf'' bekend. Die boom se FSA-nommer is 636.2.<ref>https://www.treetags.co.za/national-list-of-indigenous-trees/</ref>
== Galery ==
<gallery>
Budd. loricata 2.jpg
</gallery>
== Sien ook ==
* [[Alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse bome]]
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings}}
== Bronnelys ==
* [https://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1972-6 REDLIST Sanbi]
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545961-1 Plants of the World]
* [https://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/search/detail/77fc838e-cbae-4fa8-a3a4-57ff589db2f3 Biodiversityadvisor]
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja|loricata]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Lesotho]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
de0ppsodjvzvpbtajdbc1avi61c46yj
Bespreking:Buddleja loricata
1
465216
2928709
2026-08-21T16:27:22Z
Oesjaar
7467
Verbeter
2928709
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}}
{{Bladtrekke}}
2v27w7bebgol2ym1cn6ibpmrzbxwbzv
Bergsalie
0
465217
2928710
2026-08-21T16:28:01Z
Oesjaar
7467
Aanstuur
2928710
wikitext
text/x-wiki
#AANSTUUR [[Buddleja loricata]]
1sgmbbv4d4qujmj9lrwr6a02u72l3a3
Buddleja
0
465218
2928720
2026-08-21T18:38:53Z
Oesjaar
7467
Nuwe genus.
2928720
wikitext
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{{Outomatiese taksoboks
|image =
|image_caption =
|display_parents = 3
|taxon = Buddleja
|authority = Houst. ex L., (1753)
|subdivision_ranks = Spesies
|subdivision = <center>[[#Spesies|Sien teks]]</center>
|synonyms =* ''Adenoplea'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Adenoplusia'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Chilianthus'' <small>Burch.</small>
* ''Emorya'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''Nicodemia'' <small>Ten.</small>
* ''Romana'' <small>Vell.</small>
* ''Semnos'' <small>Raf.</small>
* ''Toxina'' <small>Noronha</small>
}}
'''''Buddleja''''' is 'n [[genus]] van blomdraende [[plant]]e wat behoort tot die [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] Scrophulariaceae. Die genus is [[inheems]] aan [[Afrika]], [[Asië]], [[Noord-Amerika]] en [[Suid-Amerika]].
Die genus is vernoem na eerw. Adam Buddle (1660-1715), 'n Engelse amateur-botanis en vikaris.
== Spesies ==
Daar is 114 [[spesie]]s wat tot die genus hoort:<ref>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:25036-1 Plants of the World Online]</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Buddleja acuminata]]'' <small>Poir.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × alata]]'' <small>Rehder & E.H.Wilson</small>
* ''[[Buddleja albiflora]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja alternifolia]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja americana]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja anchoensis]]'' <small>Kuntze</small>
* ''[[Buddleja angusticarpa]]'' <small>(E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.) G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja araucana]]'' <small>Phil.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja aromatica]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja asiatica]]'' <small>Lour.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja atropurpurea]]'' <small>F.M.Yang, Y.J.Guo & J.Ge</small>
* ''[[Buddleja auriculata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja axillaris]]'' <small>Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bhutanica]]'' <small>T.Yamaz.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja blattaria]]'' <small>J.F.Macbr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bordignonii]]'' <small>G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachiata]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachystachya]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bullata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja calostachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu, J.Ge & F.M.Yang</small>
* ''[[Buddleja candida]]'' <small>Dunn</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cardenasii]]'' <small>Standl. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja caryopteridifolia]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cestriflora]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chapalana]]'' <small>B.L.Rob.
* ''[[Buddleja chenopodiifolia]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja colvilei]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordobensis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja coriacea]]'' <small>J.Rémy
* ''[[Buddleja corrugata]]'' <small>M.E.Jones</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crispa]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crotonoides]]'' <small>A.Gray</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuneata]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja curviflora]]'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuspidata]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja davidii]]'' <small>Franch.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja delavayi]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja diffusa]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja domingensis]]'' <small>Urb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja dysophylla]]'' <small>(Benth.) Radlk.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja elegans]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja euryphylla]]'' <small>Standl. & Steyerm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fallowiana]]'' <small>Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.
* ''[[Buddleja filibracteolata]]'' <small>J.A.González & J.F.Morales</small>
* ''[[Buddleja forrestii]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fragifera]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fusca]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja globosa]]'' <small>Hope</small>
* ''[[Buddleja glomerata]]'' <small>H.L.Wendl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja grandiflora]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × griffithii]]'' <small>(C.B.Clarke) C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hatschbachii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hieronymi]]'' <small>R.E.Fr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hypsophila]]'' <small>I.M.Johnst.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ibarrensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja incana]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja indica]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja interrupta]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja iresinoides]]'' <small>(Griseb.) Hosseus</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jamesonii]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja japonica]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jinsixiaensis]]'' <small>R.B.Zhu</small>
* ''[[Buddleja kleinii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lanata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lindleyana]]'' <small>Fortune</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lojensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longiflora]]'' <small>Brade</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longifolia]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja loricata]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja macrostachya]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja madagascariensis]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja marrubiifolia]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja megalocephala]]'' <small>Donn.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja mendozensis]]'' <small>Gillies ex Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja microstachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja misionum]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja montana]]'' <small>Britton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja multiceps]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja myriantha]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nitida]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nivea]]'' <small>Duthie</small>
* ''[[Buddleja normaniae]]'' <small>J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja oblonga]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja officinalis]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja paniculata]]'' <small>Wall.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja parviflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja perfoliata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pichinchensis]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polycephala]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polystachya]]'' <small>Fresen.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pulchella]]'' <small>N.E.Br.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja purdomii]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja racemosa]]'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ramboi]]'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rinconensis]]'' <small>(Mayfield) J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rufescens]]'' <small>Willd.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]'' <small>(L.) Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja scordioides]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sessiliflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja simplex]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja skutchii]]'' <small>C.V.Morton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja soratae]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja speciosissima]]'' <small>Taub.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sphaerocalyx]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja stachyoides]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja suaveolens]]'' <small>Kunth & C.D.Bouché</small>
* ''[[Buddleja subcapitata]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja thyrsoides]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tsetangensis]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tubiflora]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tucumanensis]]'' <small>Griseb.
* ''[[Buddleja utahensis]]'' <small>Coville</small>
* ''[[Buddleja vexans]]'' <small>Kraenzl. & Loes. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × wardii]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja yunnanensis]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
{{div col end}}
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings}}
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja| ]]
kr9jec8mfoxvr5iu449jpplmwngstc5
2928721
2928720
2026-08-21T18:39:22Z
Oesjaar
7467
/* Spesies */ Verbeter
2928721
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Outomatiese taksoboks
|image =
|image_caption =
|display_parents = 3
|taxon = Buddleja
|authority = Houst. ex L., (1753)
|subdivision_ranks = Spesies
|subdivision = <center>[[#Spesies|Sien teks]]</center>
|synonyms =* ''Adenoplea'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Adenoplusia'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Chilianthus'' <small>Burch.</small>
* ''Emorya'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''Nicodemia'' <small>Ten.</small>
* ''Romana'' <small>Vell.</small>
* ''Semnos'' <small>Raf.</small>
* ''Toxina'' <small>Noronha</small>
}}
'''''Buddleja''''' is 'n [[genus]] van blomdraende [[plant]]e wat behoort tot die [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] Scrophulariaceae. Die genus is [[inheems]] aan [[Afrika]], [[Asië]], [[Noord-Amerika]] en [[Suid-Amerika]].
Die genus is vernoem na eerw. Adam Buddle (1660-1715), 'n Engelse amateur-botanis en vikaris.
== Spesies ==
Daar is 114 [[spesie]]s wat tot die genus hoort:<ref>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:25036-1 Plants of the World Online]</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Buddleja acuminata]]'' <small>Poir.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × alata]]'' <small>Rehder & E.H.Wilson</small>
* ''[[Buddleja albiflora]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja alternifolia]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja americana]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja anchoensis]]'' <small>Kuntze</small>
* ''[[Buddleja angusticarpa]]'' <small>(E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.) G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja araucana]]'' <small>Phil.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja aromatica]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja asiatica]]'' <small>Lour.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja atropurpurea]]'' <small>F.M.Yang, Y.J.Guo & J.Ge</small>
* ''[[Buddleja auriculata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja axillaris]]'' <small>Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bhutanica]]'' <small>T.Yamaz.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja blattaria]]'' <small>J.F.Macbr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bordignonii]]'' <small>G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachiata]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachystachya]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bullata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja calostachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu, J.Ge & F.M.Yang</small>
* ''[[Buddleja candida]]'' <small>Dunn</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cardenasii]]'' <small>Standl. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja caryopteridifolia]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cestriflora]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chapalana]]'' <small>B.L.Rob.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chenopodiifolia]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja colvilei]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordobensis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja coriacea]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja corrugata]]'' <small>M.E.Jones</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crispa]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crotonoides]]'' <small>A.Gray</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuneata]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja curviflora]]'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuspidata]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja davidii]]'' <small>Franch.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja delavayi]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja diffusa]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja domingensis]]'' <small>Urb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja dysophylla]]'' <small>(Benth.) Radlk.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja elegans]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja euryphylla]]'' <small>Standl. & Steyerm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fallowiana]]'' <small>Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.
* ''[[Buddleja filibracteolata]]'' <small>J.A.González & J.F.Morales</small>
* ''[[Buddleja forrestii]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fragifera]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fusca]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja globosa]]'' <small>Hope</small>
* ''[[Buddleja glomerata]]'' <small>H.L.Wendl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja grandiflora]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × griffithii]]'' <small>(C.B.Clarke) C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hatschbachii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hieronymi]]'' <small>R.E.Fr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hypsophila]]'' <small>I.M.Johnst.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ibarrensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja incana]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja indica]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja interrupta]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja iresinoides]]'' <small>(Griseb.) Hosseus</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jamesonii]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja japonica]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jinsixiaensis]]'' <small>R.B.Zhu</small>
* ''[[Buddleja kleinii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lanata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lindleyana]]'' <small>Fortune</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lojensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longiflora]]'' <small>Brade</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longifolia]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja loricata]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja macrostachya]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja madagascariensis]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja marrubiifolia]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja megalocephala]]'' <small>Donn.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja mendozensis]]'' <small>Gillies ex Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja microstachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja misionum]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja montana]]'' <small>Britton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja multiceps]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja myriantha]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nitida]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nivea]]'' <small>Duthie</small>
* ''[[Buddleja normaniae]]'' <small>J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja oblonga]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja officinalis]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja paniculata]]'' <small>Wall.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja parviflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja perfoliata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pichinchensis]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polycephala]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polystachya]]'' <small>Fresen.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pulchella]]'' <small>N.E.Br.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja purdomii]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja racemosa]]'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ramboi]]'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rinconensis]]'' <small>(Mayfield) J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rufescens]]'' <small>Willd.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]'' <small>(L.) Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja scordioides]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sessiliflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja simplex]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja skutchii]]'' <small>C.V.Morton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja soratae]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja speciosissima]]'' <small>Taub.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sphaerocalyx]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja stachyoides]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja suaveolens]]'' <small>Kunth & C.D.Bouché</small>
* ''[[Buddleja subcapitata]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja thyrsoides]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tsetangensis]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tubiflora]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tucumanensis]]'' <small>Griseb.
* ''[[Buddleja utahensis]]'' <small>Coville</small>
* ''[[Buddleja vexans]]'' <small>Kraenzl. & Loes. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × wardii]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja yunnanensis]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
{{div col end}}
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings}}
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja| ]]
rhdpq9gkqs4a4w10vsqh67z8daba8mv
2928722
2928721
2026-08-21T18:39:43Z
Oesjaar
7467
/* Spesies */ Verbeter
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Outomatiese taksoboks
|image =
|image_caption =
|display_parents = 3
|taxon = Buddleja
|authority = Houst. ex L., (1753)
|subdivision_ranks = Spesies
|subdivision = <center>[[#Spesies|Sien teks]]</center>
|synonyms =* ''Adenoplea'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Adenoplusia'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Chilianthus'' <small>Burch.</small>
* ''Emorya'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''Nicodemia'' <small>Ten.</small>
* ''Romana'' <small>Vell.</small>
* ''Semnos'' <small>Raf.</small>
* ''Toxina'' <small>Noronha</small>
}}
'''''Buddleja''''' is 'n [[genus]] van blomdraende [[plant]]e wat behoort tot die [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] Scrophulariaceae. Die genus is [[inheems]] aan [[Afrika]], [[Asië]], [[Noord-Amerika]] en [[Suid-Amerika]].
Die genus is vernoem na eerw. Adam Buddle (1660-1715), 'n Engelse amateur-botanis en vikaris.
== Spesies ==
Daar is 114 [[spesie]]s wat tot die genus hoort:<ref>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:25036-1 Plants of the World Online]</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Buddleja acuminata]]'' <small>Poir.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × alata]]'' <small>Rehder & E.H.Wilson</small>
* ''[[Buddleja albiflora]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja alternifolia]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja americana]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja anchoensis]]'' <small>Kuntze</small>
* ''[[Buddleja angusticarpa]]'' <small>(E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.) G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja araucana]]'' <small>Phil.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja aromatica]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja asiatica]]'' <small>Lour.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja atropurpurea]]'' <small>F.M.Yang, Y.J.Guo & J.Ge</small>
* ''[[Buddleja auriculata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja axillaris]]'' <small>Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bhutanica]]'' <small>T.Yamaz.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja blattaria]]'' <small>J.F.Macbr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bordignonii]]'' <small>G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachiata]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachystachya]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bullata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja calostachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu, J.Ge & F.M.Yang</small>
* ''[[Buddleja candida]]'' <small>Dunn</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cardenasii]]'' <small>Standl. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja caryopteridifolia]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cestriflora]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chapalana]]'' <small>B.L.Rob.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chenopodiifolia]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja colvilei]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordobensis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja coriacea]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja corrugata]]'' <small>M.E.Jones</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crispa]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crotonoides]]'' <small>A.Gray</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuneata]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja curviflora]]'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuspidata]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja davidii]]'' <small>Franch.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja delavayi]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja diffusa]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja domingensis]]'' <small>Urb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja dysophylla]]'' <small>(Benth.) Radlk.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja elegans]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja euryphylla]]'' <small>Standl. & Steyerm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fallowiana]]'' <small>Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja filibracteolata]]'' <small>J.A.González & J.F.Morales</small>
* ''[[Buddleja forrestii]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fragifera]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fusca]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja globosa]]'' <small>Hope</small>
* ''[[Buddleja glomerata]]'' <small>H.L.Wendl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja grandiflora]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × griffithii]]'' <small>(C.B.Clarke) C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hatschbachii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hieronymi]]'' <small>R.E.Fr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hypsophila]]'' <small>I.M.Johnst.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ibarrensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja incana]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja indica]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja interrupta]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja iresinoides]]'' <small>(Griseb.) Hosseus</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jamesonii]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja japonica]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jinsixiaensis]]'' <small>R.B.Zhu</small>
* ''[[Buddleja kleinii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lanata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lindleyana]]'' <small>Fortune</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lojensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longiflora]]'' <small>Brade</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longifolia]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja loricata]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja macrostachya]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja madagascariensis]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja marrubiifolia]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja megalocephala]]'' <small>Donn.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja mendozensis]]'' <small>Gillies ex Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja microstachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja misionum]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja montana]]'' <small>Britton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja multiceps]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja myriantha]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nitida]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nivea]]'' <small>Duthie</small>
* ''[[Buddleja normaniae]]'' <small>J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja oblonga]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja officinalis]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja paniculata]]'' <small>Wall.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja parviflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja perfoliata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pichinchensis]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polycephala]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polystachya]]'' <small>Fresen.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pulchella]]'' <small>N.E.Br.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja purdomii]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja racemosa]]'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ramboi]]'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rinconensis]]'' <small>(Mayfield) J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rufescens]]'' <small>Willd.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]'' <small>(L.) Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja scordioides]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sessiliflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja simplex]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja skutchii]]'' <small>C.V.Morton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja soratae]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja speciosissima]]'' <small>Taub.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sphaerocalyx]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja stachyoides]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja suaveolens]]'' <small>Kunth & C.D.Bouché</small>
* ''[[Buddleja subcapitata]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja thyrsoides]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tsetangensis]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tubiflora]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tucumanensis]]'' <small>Griseb.
* ''[[Buddleja utahensis]]'' <small>Coville</small>
* ''[[Buddleja vexans]]'' <small>Kraenzl. & Loes. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × wardii]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja yunnanensis]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
{{div col end}}
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings}}
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja| ]]
9j3o1mcvclooe9jgi6uzvpivbjwr8nu
2928723
2928722
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Oesjaar
7467
/* Spesies */ Verbeter
2928723
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Outomatiese taksoboks
|image =
|image_caption =
|display_parents = 3
|taxon = Buddleja
|authority = Houst. ex L., (1753)
|subdivision_ranks = Spesies
|subdivision = <center>[[#Spesies|Sien teks]]</center>
|synonyms =* ''Adenoplea'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Adenoplusia'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Chilianthus'' <small>Burch.</small>
* ''Emorya'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''Nicodemia'' <small>Ten.</small>
* ''Romana'' <small>Vell.</small>
* ''Semnos'' <small>Raf.</small>
* ''Toxina'' <small>Noronha</small>
}}
'''''Buddleja''''' is 'n [[genus]] van blomdraende [[plant]]e wat behoort tot die [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] Scrophulariaceae. Die genus is [[inheems]] aan [[Afrika]], [[Asië]], [[Noord-Amerika]] en [[Suid-Amerika]].
Die genus is vernoem na eerw. Adam Buddle (1660-1715), 'n Engelse amateur-botanis en vikaris.
== Spesies ==
Daar is 114 [[spesie]]s wat tot die genus hoort:<ref>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:25036-1 Plants of the World Online]</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Buddleja acuminata]]'' <small>Poir.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × alata]]'' <small>Rehder & E.H.Wilson</small>
* ''[[Buddleja albiflora]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja alternifolia]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja americana]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja anchoensis]]'' <small>Kuntze</small>
* ''[[Buddleja angusticarpa]]'' <small>(E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.) G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja araucana]]'' <small>Phil.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja aromatica]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja asiatica]]'' <small>Lour.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja atropurpurea]]'' <small>F.M.Yang, Y.J.Guo & J.Ge</small>
* ''[[Buddleja auriculata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja axillaris]]'' <small>Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bhutanica]]'' <small>T.Yamaz.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja blattaria]]'' <small>J.F.Macbr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bordignonii]]'' <small>G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachiata]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachystachya]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bullata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja calostachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu, J.Ge & F.M.Yang</small>
* ''[[Buddleja candida]]'' <small>Dunn</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cardenasii]]'' <small>Standl. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja caryopteridifolia]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cestriflora]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chapalana]]'' <small>B.L.Rob.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chenopodiifolia]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja colvilei]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordobensis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja coriacea]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja corrugata]]'' <small>M.E.Jones</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crispa]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crotonoides]]'' <small>A.Gray</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuneata]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja curviflora]]'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuspidata]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja davidii]]'' <small>Franch.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja delavayi]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja diffusa]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja domingensis]]'' <small>Urb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja dysophylla]]'' <small>(Benth.) Radlk.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja elegans]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja euryphylla]]'' <small>Standl. & Steyerm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fallowiana]]'' <small>Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja filibracteolata]]'' <small>J.A.González & J.F.Morales</small>
* ''[[Buddleja forrestii]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fragifera]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fusca]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja globosa]]'' <small>Hope</small>
* ''[[Buddleja glomerata]]'' <small>H.L.Wendl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja grandiflora]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × griffithii]]'' <small>(C.B.Clarke) C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hatschbachii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hieronymi]]'' <small>R.E.Fr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hypsophila]]'' <small>I.M.Johnst.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ibarrensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja incana]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja indica]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja interrupta]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja iresinoides]]'' <small>(Griseb.) Hosseus</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jamesonii]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja japonica]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jinsixiaensis]]'' <small>R.B.Zhu</small>
* ''[[Buddleja kleinii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lanata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lindleyana]]'' <small>Fortune</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lojensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longiflora]]'' <small>Brade</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longifolia]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja loricata]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja macrostachya]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja madagascariensis]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja marrubiifolia]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja megalocephala]]'' <small>Donn.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja mendozensis]]'' <small>Gillies ex Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja microstachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja misionum]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja montana]]'' <small>Britton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja multiceps]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja myriantha]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nitida]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nivea]]'' <small>Duthie</small>
* ''[[Buddleja normaniae]]'' <small>J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja oblonga]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja officinalis]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja paniculata]]'' <small>Wall.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja parviflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja perfoliata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pichinchensis]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polycephala]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polystachya]]'' <small>Fresen.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pulchella]]'' <small>N.E.Br.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja purdomii]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja racemosa]]'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ramboi]]'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rinconensis]]'' <small>(Mayfield) J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rufescens]]'' <small>Willd.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]'' <small>(L.) Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja scordioides]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sessiliflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja simplex]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja skutchii]]'' <small>C.V.Morton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja soratae]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja speciosissima]]'' <small>Taub.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sphaerocalyx]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja stachyoides]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja suaveolens]]'' <small>Kunth & C.D.Bouché</small>
* ''[[Buddleja subcapitata]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja thyrsoides]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tsetangensis]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tubiflora]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tucumanensis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja utahensis]]'' <small>Coville</small>
* ''[[Buddleja vexans]]'' <small>Kraenzl. & Loes. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × wardii]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja yunnanensis]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
{{div col end}}
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings}}
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja| ]]
t0gzsd8ooo7mrlvc4g8f2vxinj0g2lq
2928725
2928723
2026-08-21T18:45:18Z
Oesjaar
7467
Verbeter
2928725
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Outomatiese taksoboks
|image = white buddleia closeup.jpg
|image_caption =
|display_parents = 3
|taxon = Buddleja
|authority = Houst. ex L., (1753)
|subdivision_ranks = Spesies
|subdivision = <center>[[#Spesies|Sien teks]]</center>
|synonyms =* ''Adenoplea'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Adenoplusia'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Chilianthus'' <small>Burch.</small>
* ''Emorya'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''Nicodemia'' <small>Ten.</small>
* ''Romana'' <small>Vell.</small>
* ''Semnos'' <small>Raf.</small>
* ''Toxina'' <small>Noronha</small>
}}
'''''Buddleja''''' is 'n [[genus]] van blomdraende [[plant]]e wat behoort tot die [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] Scrophulariaceae. Die genus is [[inheems]] aan [[Afrika]], [[Asië]], [[Noord-Amerika]] en [[Suid-Amerika]].
Die genus is vernoem na eerw. Adam Buddle (1660-1715), 'n Engelse amateur-botanis en vikaris.
== Spesies ==
Daar is 114 [[spesie]]s wat tot die genus hoort:<ref>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:25036-1 Plants of the World Online]</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Buddleja acuminata]]'' <small>Poir.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × alata]]'' <small>Rehder & E.H.Wilson</small>
* ''[[Buddleja albiflora]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja alternifolia]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja americana]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja anchoensis]]'' <small>Kuntze</small>
* ''[[Buddleja angusticarpa]]'' <small>(E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.) G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja araucana]]'' <small>Phil.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja aromatica]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja asiatica]]'' <small>Lour.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja atropurpurea]]'' <small>F.M.Yang, Y.J.Guo & J.Ge</small>
* ''[[Buddleja auriculata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja axillaris]]'' <small>Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bhutanica]]'' <small>T.Yamaz.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja blattaria]]'' <small>J.F.Macbr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bordignonii]]'' <small>G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachiata]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachystachya]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bullata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja calostachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu, J.Ge & F.M.Yang</small>
* ''[[Buddleja candida]]'' <small>Dunn</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cardenasii]]'' <small>Standl. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja caryopteridifolia]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cestriflora]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chapalana]]'' <small>B.L.Rob.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chenopodiifolia]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja colvilei]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordobensis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja coriacea]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja corrugata]]'' <small>M.E.Jones</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crispa]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crotonoides]]'' <small>A.Gray</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuneata]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja curviflora]]'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuspidata]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja davidii]]'' <small>Franch.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja delavayi]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja diffusa]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja domingensis]]'' <small>Urb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja dysophylla]]'' <small>(Benth.) Radlk.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja elegans]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja euryphylla]]'' <small>Standl. & Steyerm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fallowiana]]'' <small>Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja filibracteolata]]'' <small>J.A.González & J.F.Morales</small>
* ''[[Buddleja forrestii]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fragifera]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fusca]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja globosa]]'' <small>Hope</small>
* ''[[Buddleja glomerata]]'' <small>H.L.Wendl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja grandiflora]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × griffithii]]'' <small>(C.B.Clarke) C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hatschbachii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hieronymi]]'' <small>R.E.Fr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hypsophila]]'' <small>I.M.Johnst.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ibarrensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja incana]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja indica]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja interrupta]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja iresinoides]]'' <small>(Griseb.) Hosseus</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jamesonii]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja japonica]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jinsixiaensis]]'' <small>R.B.Zhu</small>
* ''[[Buddleja kleinii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lanata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lindleyana]]'' <small>Fortune</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lojensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longiflora]]'' <small>Brade</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longifolia]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja loricata]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja macrostachya]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja madagascariensis]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja marrubiifolia]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja megalocephala]]'' <small>Donn.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja mendozensis]]'' <small>Gillies ex Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja microstachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja misionum]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja montana]]'' <small>Britton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja multiceps]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja myriantha]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nitida]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nivea]]'' <small>Duthie</small>
* ''[[Buddleja normaniae]]'' <small>J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja oblonga]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja officinalis]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja paniculata]]'' <small>Wall.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja parviflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja perfoliata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pichinchensis]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polycephala]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polystachya]]'' <small>Fresen.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pulchella]]'' <small>N.E.Br.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja purdomii]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja racemosa]]'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ramboi]]'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rinconensis]]'' <small>(Mayfield) J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rufescens]]'' <small>Willd.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]'' <small>(L.) Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja scordioides]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sessiliflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja simplex]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja skutchii]]'' <small>C.V.Morton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja soratae]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja speciosissima]]'' <small>Taub.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sphaerocalyx]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja stachyoides]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja suaveolens]]'' <small>Kunth & C.D.Bouché</small>
* ''[[Buddleja subcapitata]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja thyrsoides]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tsetangensis]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tubiflora]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tucumanensis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja utahensis]]'' <small>Coville</small>
* ''[[Buddleja vexans]]'' <small>Kraenzl. & Loes. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × wardii]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja yunnanensis]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
{{div col end}}
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings}}
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja| ]]
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{{Outomatiese taksoboks
|image = white buddleia closeup.jpg
|image_caption = ''Buddleja davidii''
|display_parents = 3
|taxon = Buddleja
|authority = Houst. ex L., (1753)
|subdivision_ranks = Spesies
|subdivision = <center>[[#Spesies|Sien teks]]</center>
|synonyms =* ''Adenoplea'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Adenoplusia'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Chilianthus'' <small>Burch.</small>
* ''Emorya'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''Nicodemia'' <small>Ten.</small>
* ''Romana'' <small>Vell.</small>
* ''Semnos'' <small>Raf.</small>
* ''Toxina'' <small>Noronha</small>
}}
'''''Buddleja''''' is 'n [[genus]] van blomdraende [[plant]]e wat behoort tot die [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] Scrophulariaceae. Die genus is [[inheems]] aan [[Afrika]], [[Asië]], [[Noord-Amerika]] en [[Suid-Amerika]].
Die genus is vernoem na eerw. Adam Buddle (1660-1715), 'n Engelse amateur-botanis en vikaris.
== Spesies ==
Daar is 114 [[spesie]]s wat tot die genus hoort:<ref>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:25036-1 Plants of the World Online]</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Buddleja acuminata]]'' <small>Poir.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × alata]]'' <small>Rehder & E.H.Wilson</small>
* ''[[Buddleja albiflora]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja alternifolia]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja americana]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja anchoensis]]'' <small>Kuntze</small>
* ''[[Buddleja angusticarpa]]'' <small>(E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.) G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja araucana]]'' <small>Phil.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja aromatica]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja asiatica]]'' <small>Lour.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja atropurpurea]]'' <small>F.M.Yang, Y.J.Guo & J.Ge</small>
* ''[[Buddleja auriculata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja axillaris]]'' <small>Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bhutanica]]'' <small>T.Yamaz.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja blattaria]]'' <small>J.F.Macbr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bordignonii]]'' <small>G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachiata]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachystachya]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bullata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja calostachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu, J.Ge & F.M.Yang</small>
* ''[[Buddleja candida]]'' <small>Dunn</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cardenasii]]'' <small>Standl. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja caryopteridifolia]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cestriflora]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chapalana]]'' <small>B.L.Rob.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chenopodiifolia]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja colvilei]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordobensis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja coriacea]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja corrugata]]'' <small>M.E.Jones</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crispa]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crotonoides]]'' <small>A.Gray</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuneata]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja curviflora]]'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuspidata]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja davidii]]'' <small>Franch.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja delavayi]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja diffusa]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja domingensis]]'' <small>Urb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja dysophylla]]'' <small>(Benth.) Radlk.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja elegans]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja euryphylla]]'' <small>Standl. & Steyerm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fallowiana]]'' <small>Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja filibracteolata]]'' <small>J.A.González & J.F.Morales</small>
* ''[[Buddleja forrestii]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fragifera]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fusca]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja globosa]]'' <small>Hope</small>
* ''[[Buddleja glomerata]]'' <small>H.L.Wendl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja grandiflora]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × griffithii]]'' <small>(C.B.Clarke) C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hatschbachii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hieronymi]]'' <small>R.E.Fr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hypsophila]]'' <small>I.M.Johnst.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ibarrensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja incana]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja indica]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja interrupta]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja iresinoides]]'' <small>(Griseb.) Hosseus</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jamesonii]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja japonica]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jinsixiaensis]]'' <small>R.B.Zhu</small>
* ''[[Buddleja kleinii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lanata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lindleyana]]'' <small>Fortune</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lojensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longiflora]]'' <small>Brade</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longifolia]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja loricata]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja macrostachya]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja madagascariensis]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja marrubiifolia]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja megalocephala]]'' <small>Donn.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja mendozensis]]'' <small>Gillies ex Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja microstachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja misionum]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja montana]]'' <small>Britton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja multiceps]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja myriantha]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nitida]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nivea]]'' <small>Duthie</small>
* ''[[Buddleja normaniae]]'' <small>J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja oblonga]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja officinalis]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja paniculata]]'' <small>Wall.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja parviflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja perfoliata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pichinchensis]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polycephala]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polystachya]]'' <small>Fresen.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pulchella]]'' <small>N.E.Br.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja purdomii]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja racemosa]]'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ramboi]]'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rinconensis]]'' <small>(Mayfield) J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rufescens]]'' <small>Willd.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]'' <small>(L.) Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja scordioides]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sessiliflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja simplex]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja skutchii]]'' <small>C.V.Morton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja soratae]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja speciosissima]]'' <small>Taub.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sphaerocalyx]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja stachyoides]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja suaveolens]]'' <small>Kunth & C.D.Bouché</small>
* ''[[Buddleja subcapitata]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja thyrsoides]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tsetangensis]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tubiflora]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tucumanensis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja utahensis]]'' <small>Coville</small>
* ''[[Buddleja vexans]]'' <small>Kraenzl. & Loes. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × wardii]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja yunnanensis]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
{{div col end}}
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings}}
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja| ]]
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{{Outomatiese taksoboks
|image = white buddleia closeup.jpg
|image_caption = ''Buddleja davidii''
|display_parents = 3
|taxon = Buddleja
|authority = Houst. ex L., (1753)
|subdivision_ranks = Spesies
|subdivision = <center>[[#Spesies|Sien teks]]</center>
|synonyms =* ''Adenoplea'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Adenoplusia'' <small>Radlk.</small>
* ''Chilianthus'' <small>Burch.</small>
* ''Emorya'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''Nicodemia'' <small>Ten.</small>
* ''Romana'' <small>Vell.</small>
* ''Semnos'' <small>Raf.</small>
* ''Toxina'' <small>Noronha</small>
}}
'''''Buddleja''''' is 'n [[genus]] van blomdraende [[plant]]e wat behoort tot die [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] Scrophulariaceae. Die genus is [[inheems]] aan [[Afrika]], [[Asië]], [[Noord-Amerika]] en [[Suid-Amerika]].
Die genus is na eerw. Adam Buddle (1660-1715) vernoem, 'n Engelse amateur-botanis en vikaris.
== Spesies ==
Daar is 114 [[spesie]]s wat tot die genus hoort:<ref>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:25036-1 Plants of the World Online]</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''[[Buddleja acuminata]]'' <small>Poir.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × alata]]'' <small>Rehder & E.H.Wilson</small>
* ''[[Buddleja albiflora]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja alternifolia]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja americana]]'' <small>L.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja anchoensis]]'' <small>Kuntze</small>
* ''[[Buddleja angusticarpa]]'' <small>(E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.) G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja araucana]]'' <small>Phil.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja aromatica]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja asiatica]]'' <small>Lour.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja atropurpurea]]'' <small>F.M.Yang, Y.J.Guo & J.Ge</small>
* ''[[Buddleja auriculata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja axillaris]]'' <small>Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bhutanica]]'' <small>T.Yamaz.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja blattaria]]'' <small>J.F.Macbr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bordignonii]]'' <small>G.P.Coelho & Miotto</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachiata]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja brachystachya]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja bullata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja calostachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu, J.Ge & F.M.Yang</small>
* ''[[Buddleja candida]]'' <small>Dunn</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cardenasii]]'' <small>Standl. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja caryopteridifolia]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cestriflora]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chapalana]]'' <small>B.L.Rob.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja chenopodiifolia]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja colvilei]]'' <small>Hook.f.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cordobensis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja coriacea]]'' <small>J.Rémy</small>
* ''[[Buddleja corrugata]]'' <small>M.E.Jones</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crispa]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja crotonoides]]'' <small>A.Gray</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuneata]]'' <small>Cham.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja curviflora]]'' <small>Hook. & Arn.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja cuspidata]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja davidii]]'' <small>Franch.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja delavayi]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja diffusa]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja domingensis]]'' <small>Urb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja dysophylla]]'' <small>(Benth.) Radlk.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja elegans]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja euryphylla]]'' <small>Standl. & Steyerm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fallowiana]]'' <small>Balf.f. & W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja filibracteolata]]'' <small>J.A.González & J.F.Morales</small>
* ''[[Buddleja forrestii]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fragifera]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja fusca]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja globosa]]'' <small>Hope</small>
* ''[[Buddleja glomerata]]'' <small>H.L.Wendl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja grandiflora]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × griffithii]]'' <small>(C.B.Clarke) C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hatschbachii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hieronymi]]'' <small>R.E.Fr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja hypsophila]]'' <small>I.M.Johnst.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ibarrensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja incana]]'' <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja indica]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja interrupta]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja iresinoides]]'' <small>(Griseb.) Hosseus</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jamesonii]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja japonica]]'' <small>Hemsl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja jinsixiaensis]]'' <small>R.B.Zhu</small>
* ''[[Buddleja kleinii]]'' <small>E.M.Norman & L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lanata]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lindleyana]]'' <small>Fortune</small>
* ''[[Buddleja lojensis]]'' <small>E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longiflora]]'' <small>Brade</small>
* ''[[Buddleja longifolia]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja loricata]]'' <small>Leeuwenb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja macrostachya]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja madagascariensis]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja marrubiifolia]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja megalocephala]]'' <small>Donn.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja mendozensis]]'' <small>Gillies ex Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja microstachya]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja misionum]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja montana]]'' <small>Britton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja multiceps]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja myriantha]]'' <small>Diels</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nitida]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja nivea]]'' <small>Duthie</small>
* ''[[Buddleja normaniae]]'' <small>J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja oblonga]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja officinalis]]'' <small>Maxim.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja paniculata]]'' <small>Wall.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja parviflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja perfoliata]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pichinchensis]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polycephala]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja polystachya]]'' <small>Fresen.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja pulchella]]'' <small>N.E.Br.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja purdomii]]'' <small>W.W.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja racemosa]]'' <small>Torr.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja ramboi]]'' <small>L.B.Sm.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rinconensis]]'' <small>(Mayfield) J.H.Chau</small>
* ''[[Buddleja rufescens]]'' <small>Willd.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja salviifolia]]'' <small>(L.) Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja scordioides]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sessiliflora]]'' <small>Kunth</small>
* ''[[Buddleja simplex]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja skutchii]]'' <small>C.V.Morton</small>
* ''[[Buddleja soratae]]'' <small>Kraenzl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja speciosissima]]'' <small>Taub.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja sphaerocalyx]]'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''[[Buddleja stachyoides]]'' <small>Cham. & Schltdl.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja suaveolens]]'' <small>Kunth & C.D.Bouché</small>
* ''[[Buddleja subcapitata]]'' <small>E.D.Liu & H.Peng</small>
* ''[[Buddleja thyrsoides]]'' <small>Lam.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tsetangensis]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tubiflora]]'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja tucumanensis]]'' <small>Griseb.</small>
* ''[[Buddleja utahensis]]'' <small>Coville</small>
* ''[[Buddleja vexans]]'' <small>Kraenzl. & Loes. ex E.M.Norman</small>
* ''[[Buddleja × wardii]]'' <small>C.Marquand</small>
* ''[[Buddleja yunnanensis]]'' <small>L.F.Gagnep.</small>
{{div col end}}
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings}}
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja| ]]
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{{Bladtrekke}}
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{{Spesieboks
| status = LC
| status_system = iucn3.1
| name = Rooiranksalie
| image =
| taxon = Buddleja pulchella
| authority = N.E.Br., (1894)
| synonyms =* ''Buddleja oreophila'' <small>Gilg</small>
* ''Buddleja usambarensis'' <small>Gilg</small>
* ''Buddleja woodii'' <small>Gilg</small>
}}
Die '''rooiranksalie''' (''Buddleja pulchella'') is 'n slingerplant of 'n [[struik]] wat deel van die Scrophulariaceae [[Familie (biologie)|familie]] is. Die [[spesie]] is [[inheems]] aan [[Eswatini]], [[Kenia]], [[Malawi]], [[Mosambiek]], [[Suid-Afrika]], [[Tanzanië]], [[Zambië]] en [[Zimbabwe]]. In Suid-Afrika kom die spesie in [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[Limpopo]] en die [[Oos-Kaap]] voor.
Die boom se FSA-nommer is 636.4.<ref>https://www.treetags.co.za/national-list-of-indigenous-trees/</ref>
== Sien ook ==
* [[Alfabetiese lys van Suid-Afrikaanse bome]]
== Verwysings ==
{{verwysings}}
== Bronnelys ==
* [https://redlist.sanbi.org/species.php?species=1972-7 REDLIST Sanbi]
* [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545864-1 Plants of the World]
* [https://biodiversityadvisor.sanbi.org/search/detail/d6273ddb-40e4-4ce2-83be-6d598a3f9aa5 Biodiversityadvisor]
{{Taksonbalk}}
[[Kategorie:Buddleja|pulchella]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Eswatini]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Kenia]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Malawi]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Mosambiek]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Suid-Afrika]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Tanzanië]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Zambië]]
[[Kategorie:Flora van Zimbabwe]]
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#AANSTUUR [[Buddleja pulchella]]
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Petra De Sutter
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Vertaal uit Engels m.b.v. Claude. Por: "Vertaal hierdie Wikipedia-artikel na Afrikaans:"
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{{Kort beskrywing|Belgiese politikus (gebore 1963)}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Petra De Sutter
| image = Petra De Sutter 4 - ©Jesse De Meulenaere (cropped).jpg
| caption = De Sutter in 2020
| image_size =
| office1 = [[Federale Regering van België|Minister van Staatsdiens]], Openbare Ondernemings, Telekommunikasie en [[Bpost|Posdienste]]
| term_start1 = 1 Oktober 2020
| term_end1 = 3 Februarie 2025
| prime_minister1 = [[Alexander De Croo]]
| predecessor1 = [[David Clarinval]]
| successor1 = [[Vanessa Matz]]
| office2 = [[Lid van die Europese Parlement]]<br>vir [[Nederlandstalige kieskollege|België]]
| term_start2 = 2 Julie 2019
| term_end2 = 30 September 2020
| office3 = [[Senaat (België)|Lid van die Belgiese Senaat]]
| term_start3 = 3 Julie 2014
| term_end3 = 29 Maart 2019
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| birth_date = {{GDEO|1963|6|10}}<ref name="Sutter 2016">Petra De Sutter, Elke Lahousse, ''(Over)leven: mijn strijd als transvrouw arts & politica'' (2016, {{ISBN|946041513X}})</ref>
| birth_place = [[Oudenaarde]], [[België]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| birth_name =
| party = [[Groen (politieke party)|Groen]]
| spouse =
| alma_mater = [[Universiteit Gent]]
| occupation =
| signature =
| website = {{URL|http://www.petradesutter.be}}
| office = [[Eerste minister van België|Adjunk- eerste minister van België]]
| term_start = 1 Oktober 2020
| term_end = 3 Februarie 2025
| prime_minister = [[Alexander De Croo]]
| children = 1
}}
'''Petra De Sutter''' (gebore 10 Junie 1963) is 'n [[België|Belgiese]] [[ginekologie|ginekoloog]] en politikus wat van 2020 tot 2025 as adjunk- eerste minister van België gedien het. Ná haar ampstermyn is sy in April 2025 tot [[Rektor (akademie)|rektor]] van die [[Universiteit Gent]] verkies.
Sy is 'n lid van die party [[Groen (politieke party)|Groen]] en was voorheen van 2019 tot 2020 [[Lid van die Europese Parlement]], waarna sy as adjunk- eerste minister aangestel is met die verantwoordelikheid om toesig te hou oor België se openbare administrasie en openbare ondernemings in [[Alexander De Croo]] se [[Regering-De Croo|regering]].<ref>Barbara Moens (1 Oktober 2020), [https://www.politico.eu/article/green-mep-petra-de-sutter-to-be-named-deputy-belgian-pm/ Green MEP Petra De Sutter to be named deputy Belgian PM] ''[[Politico Europe]]''.</ref> Sy is die eerste [[transgender]] minister in Europa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hugendubel |first1=Katrin |title=Belgian milestone: A first trans minister and nobody cares |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/petra-de-sutter-transgender-deputy-prime-minister-milestone-progress/ |accessdate=2 Oktober 2020 |work=[[Politico]] |date=1 Oktober 2020}}</ref>
Voordat sy tot die politiek toegetree het, was sy professor in ginekologie aan die Universiteit Gent en hoof van die Departement Voortplantingsgeneeskunde by die [[Universitêre Hospitaal Gent]] (UZ Gent).<ref name="Sutter 2016"/><ref name="HLN 2014">''[https://www.hln.be/nieuws/binnenland/professor-petra-de-sutter-aangeduid-als-gecoopteerd-senator-voor-groen~ac043c35/ Professor Petra De Sutter aangeduid als gecoöpteerd senator voor Groen]'', 21 Junie 2014, ''[[Het Laatste Nieuws]]''</ref>
== Vroeë lewe en loopbaan ==
De Sutter is in Junie 1963 in [[Oudenaarde]] in die [[Vlaamse Gewes|Vlaamse]] [[Provinsies van België|provinsie]] [[Oos-Vlaandere]] gebore. Sy het in 1987 'n mediese graad aan die [[Universiteit Gent]] verwerf en in 1991 'n PhD in biogeneeskunde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A year in politics: An evening with Petra De Sutter |url=https://www.themerode.com/en/event/a-year-in-politics-an-evening-with-petra-de-sutter-981 |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=TheMerode |language=en-GB}}</ref>
Ná haar studie het De Sutter na die [[Verenigde State]] verhuis, waar sy twee jaar lank die genetika van [[oösiet|oösiete]] in [[Chicago]] bestudeer het. In 1994 het sy 'n spesialisasie in [[ginekologie]] behaal.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://sistersofeurope.com/women-are-conditioned-not-to-believe-in-themselves/|title = "Women are conditioned not to believe in themselves"|date = 20 Februarie 2019|access-date = 23 Junie 2021|archive-date = 18 April 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210418165429/https://sistersofeurope.com/women-are-conditioned-not-to-believe-in-themselves/|url-status = dead}}</ref> In 2000 is sy as professor in voortplantingsgeneeskunde aan die Universiteit Gent aangestel. In 2006 is sy aangestel as hoof van die Departement Voortplantingsgeneeskunde van die Universitêre Hospitaal Gent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rector |url=https://www.ugent.be/en/ghentuniv/management-administration/rector |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Universiteit Gent |language=en}}</ref>
Sy het in 2004 as transgender uit die kas getree en 'n manlik-na-vroulike [[geslagsoorgang]] ondergaan.<ref name="Sutter 2016" />
== Politieke loopbaan ==
=== Lid van die Senaat, 2014–2019 ===
In die [[Europese Parlementsverkiesing van 2014 in België|Europese verkiesing van 2014]] was De Sutter tweede op die lys van die [[Groen (politieke party)|Vlaamse Groen-party]]. Die party kon egter nie 'n tweede setel behou nie. Sy is daarna deur haar party gekoöpteer vir 'n setel in die [[Senaat (België)|Belgiese Senaat]].<ref name="HLN 2014"/> As transvrou<ref name="Sutter 2016"/> het sy die eerste openlik transgender Belg geword wat op 'n [[Partylys-proporsionele verteenwoordiging|partylys vir 'n verkiesing]] verskyn het.<ref name="Nieuwsblad 2014">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20140228_01004504|title=Petra De Sutter is eerste transgender op kieslijst|website=Het Nieuwsblad|date=Maart 2014 |language=nl-BE|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref>
Daarbenewens het De Sutter van 2014 tot 2019 as lid van die Belgiese afvaardiging na die [[Parlementêre Vergadering van die Raad van Europa]] gedien.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pace.coe.int/en/members/7307?lang=EN|title=Ms Petra De SUTTER|website=Parliamentary Assembly|access-date=3 Oktober 2020}}</ref> As lid van die [[Groep van Sosialiste, Demokrate en Groenes]] was sy lid van die Komitee vir Migrasie, Vlugtelinge en Ontheemdes; die Komitee vir Prosedurereëls, Immuniteite en Institusionele Aangeleenthede; die Subkomitee vir Integrasie; die Subkomitee vir Openbare Gesondheid en Volhoubare Ontwikkeling; en die Subkomitee vir Etiek. Sy was die Vergadering se [[rapporteur]] oor kinderregte met betrekking tot draagmoederskapreëlings (2016);<ref>[http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/News/News-View-EN.asp?newsid=6316&lang=2&cat= Surrogacy: governments should consider drawing up guidelines to safeguard children’s rights], [[Parlementêre Vergadering van die Raad van Europa]], persverklaring van 21 September 2016.</ref> oor die gebruik van nuwe genetiese tegnologieë by mense (2017);<ref>[http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/News/News-View-EN.asp?newsid=6746&lang=2&cat=133 Petra De Sutter: "High time for a debate on new genetic technologies"] [[Parlementêre Vergadering van die Raad van Europa]], persverklaring van 3 Augustus 2017.</ref> en oor die opvangstoestande van vlugtelinge en migrante (2018).<ref>[http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/News/News-View-EN.asp?newsid=7157&lang=2&cat=134 More efforts needed for refugees’ reception on Greek islands] [[Parlementêre Vergadering van die Raad van Europa]], persverklaring van 13 Julie 2018.</ref>
Sedert haar politieke debuut het De Sutter haar beywer vir die regulering van [[draagmoederskap]] op Belgiese en Europese vlak,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-23 |title=Children’s rights related to surrogacy |url=https://pace.coe.int/en/files/23015/html |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251014231730/https://pace.coe.int/en/files/23015/html |archive-date=2025-10-14 |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Parliamentary Assembly}}</ref> vir onafhanklike kliniese navorsing in die farmaseutiese bedryf,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-24 |title=UvA honorary doctorates for social entrepreneur Corinne Goddijn-Vigreux and gynaecologist Petra De Sutter |url=https://www.uva.nl/shared-content/uva/en/news/press-releases/2025/09/uva-honorary-doctorates-for-social-entrepreneur-corinne-goddijn-vigreux-and-gynaecologist-petra-de-sutter.html |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Universiteit van Amsterdam |language=nl}}</ref> asook aandag gevestig op die risiko's van die [[Transatlantiese Vryhandelsgebied|TTIP]] vir verbruikersbeskerming ten opsigte van voedsel en chemikalieë,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-13 |title=Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and its implications for social rights, public health and sustainable development |url=https://pace.coe.int/en/files/23015/html |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Parliamentary Assembly}}</ref> en opgekom vir die regte van [[LGBT]]-mense.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.knack.be/nieuws/belgie/wij-willen-niet-getolereerd-worden-wij-willen-respect/article-normal-570685.html|title='Wij willen niet getolereerd worden, wij willen respect'|date=2015-05-16|website=Site-Knack-NL|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref>
=== Lid van die Europese Parlement, 2019–2020 ===
[[File:Petra De Sutter - GEF - The EP Goes Green.webm|thumb|De Sutter stel haarself voor in 'n video van die [[Heinrich Böll-Stigting]] en die [[Groen Europese Stigting]]]]
Op 15 September 2018 is aangekondig dat De Sutter benoeming soek as een van die [[Europese Groenes]] se twee hoofkandidate vir die [[Europese Parlementsverkiesing van 2019]]; die benoemings het uiteindelik aan die Nederlander [[Bas Eickhout]] en die Duitser [[Ska Keller]] toegeval.<ref>[https://europeangreens.eu/berlin2018/proposals/001-leading-candidates European Greens - Support phase Leading Candidates]</ref> Ná haar toetrede tot die Parlement was sy voorsitter van die [[Komitee vir die Interne Mark en Verbruikersbeskerming]]; sy was die eerste Groen-politikus in hierdie posisie.<ref>Maïa de La Baume (13 Januarie 2020), [https://www.politico.eu/article/20-meps-to-watch-in-2020-european-parliament/ 20 MEPs to watch in 2020] ''[[Politico Europe]]''.</ref> In 2020 het sy ook by die Spesiale Komitee oor die Bekamping van Kanker aangesluit.<ref>[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sed/doc/news/flash/24221/Full%20Members%20new%20committees_09-07-2020_en.pdf Members of the Special Committee on Beating Cancer] [[Europese Parlement]], persverklaring van 9 Julie 2020.</ref>
Daarbenewens was De Sutter deel van die Parlement se afvaardiging vir betrekkinge met die lande van [[Suid-Asië]] ([[Bangladesj]], [[Bhoetan]], die [[Maledive]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]] en [[Sri Lanka]]). Sy was ook lid van die [[Intergroep van die Europese Parlement vir LGBT-regte]]<ref>[https://lgbti-ep.eu/who-we-are/members/ Members] European Parliament Intergroup on LGBTI Rights.</ref> en mede-voorsitter van die groep [[MEPs Against Cancer]].<ref>[https://www.europeancancerleagues.org/meps-against-cancer-about-meps-against-cancer-2/ MAC MEPs in the 2019-24 legislature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202095804/https://www.europeancancerleagues.org/meps-against-cancer-about-meps-against-cancer-2/ |date=2020-02-02 }} [[MEPs Against Cancer]].</ref>
In Desember 2020 het De Sutter die toekenning vir Geregtigheid en Geslagsgelykheid by ''The Parliament Magazine'' se jaarlikse [[The Parliament Magazine#Die LEP-toekennings|LEP-toekennings]] ontvang, ter erkenning van haar werk as lid van die Europese Parlement rondom [[Seksuele regte|seksuele]] en [[reproduktiewe regte]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/news/article/mep-awards-2020-reaction-and-comment-from-our-winners|title=MEP Awards 2020: Reaction and comment from our winners|last=Johnson|first=Brian|date=2 Desember 2020|work=[[The Parliament Magazine]]|access-date=8 Januarie 2021}}</ref>
=== Adjunk- eerste minister van België, 2020–2025 ===
[[File:EU2024BE 240105 Visit of the College of Commissioners Egmont Palace JNZT 0030 (53444699189).jpg|thumb|De Sutter in 2024]]
Op 1 Oktober 2020 is De Sutter as een van sewe adjunk- eerste ministers in die [[Regering-De Croo|regering]] van [[Eerste minister van België|eerste minister]] [[Alexander De Croo]] ingesweer. Sy het daarmee Europa se eerste transgender adjunk- eerste minister geword, en die transpolitikus met die hoogste amp in Europa.<ref>Oscar Lopez (1 Oktober 2020), [https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL8N2GS6EL Belgium appoints Europe's first transgender deputy PM] ''[[Reuters]]''.</ref>
In Oktober 2023 het De Sutter die Britse premier [[Rishi Sunak]] se toespraak by die Konserwatiewe Party se kongres gekritiseer, waarin hy aangevoer het dat sy gehoor hulle nie moet laat afknou om te glo dat mense enige geslag kan wees wat hulle wil wees nie, en dat 'n man 'n man is en 'n vrou 'n vrou. Sy het Sunak se woorde as seermakend en baie teleurstellend beskryf, en gesê dit vuur transfobie aan.<ref>Ashifa Kassam (6 Oktober 2023), [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/06/belgian-transgender-deputy-pm-petra-de-sutter-rishi-sunak-not-join-real-bullies Belgian transgender deputy PM urges Sunak not to join ‘the real bullies’] ''[[The Guardian]]''.</ref>
In November 2023 het De Sutter Israel se optrede tydens die [[Gaza-oorlog]] gekritiseer en gesê dit is tyd vir sanksies teen Israel.<ref name="TikTok - Make Your Day">{{Cite web |title=TikTok - Make Your Day |url=https://www.tiktok.com/@petradesutter/video/7298993643950542113?lang=en |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=www.tiktok.com}}</ref> Die reën van bomme is onmenslik, het sy bygevoeg.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Strauss |first=Marine |date=2023-11-08 |title=Belgium wants sanctions against Israel for Gaza bombings - deputy PM |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/belgium-wants-sanctions-against-israel-gaza-bombings-deputy-pm-2023-11-08/ |access-date=2023-11-08}}</ref> Sy het ook [[Hamas]] opgeroep om al sy [[Gyselaarskrisis van die Gaza-oorlog|ontvoerde gyselaars]] vry te laat, en verklaar dat die geldstrome wat hierdie terreurorganisasie finansier, gestop moet word.<ref name="TikTok - Make Your Day"/> Op 29 Februarie 2024 het De Sutter gesê sy is ontsteld oor die nuus van die [[Meelbloedbad|meelbloedbad]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 Februarie 2024 |title='Heinous': Deadly Israeli attack on Gaza aid-seekers condemned |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/29/heinous-deadly-israeli-attack-on-gaza-aid-seekers-condemned |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |archive-date=29 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229160619/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/29/heinous-deadly-israeli-attack-on-gaza-aid-seekers-condemned |url-status=live}}</ref>
== Universiteitsrektor ==
Ná die inhuldiging van die [[Regering-De Wever]] in Februarie 2025 het De Sutter haar uittrede uit die nasionale politiek aangekondig, hoewel sy in die plaaslike politiek aktief gebly het. Sy is in April daardie jaar, saam met Herwig Reynaert, tot [[Rektor (akademie)|rektor]] van die [[Universiteit Gent]] (UGent) verkies met 55,60% van die stemme, en het die amp op 1 Oktober aanvaar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 Mei 2025 |title=Former Deputy PM De Sutter elected Ghent University Chancellor |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium/1559528/former-deputy-pm-de-sutter-elected-ghent-university-chancellor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501091424/https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium/1559528/former-deputy-pm-de-sutter-elected-ghent-university-chancellor#Echobox=1746085474 |archive-date=1 Mei 2025 |access-date=1 Mei 2025 |work=[[The Brussels Times]] |agency=[[Belga Nuusagentskap|Belga]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Schouppe |first=Ward |date=30 April 2025 |title=Petra De Sutter wordt nieuwe rector UGent, ze verslaat Rik Van de Walle met grote voorsprong |trans-title=Petra De Sutter word nuwe UGent-rektor en verslaan Rik Van de Walle met 'n groot voorsprong |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/04/30/rectorverkiezing-gent-petra-de-sutter-wint-rik-van-de-walle-verl/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501091945/https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/04/30/rectorverkiezing-gent-petra-de-sutter-wint-rik-van-de-walle-verl/ |archive-date=1 Mei 2025 |access-date=1 Mei 2025 |work=[[VRT NWS]] |language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ugent.be/en/news-events/new-rectoral-team.htm|title=New rectoral team officially in office|website=[[Universiteit Gent]]|date=10 Januarie 2025|access-date=10 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251110195325/https://www.ugent.be/en/news-events/new-rectoral-team.htm|archive-date=10 November 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2025 het sy besluit om nie aan 'n handelsending na die Verenigde State deel te neem nie weens die huidige reëls wat president Trump uitgevaardig het; ''[[Politico]]'' het vermoed dat sy verwys het na die beleid van die Amerikaanse president [[Donald Trump]] oor LGBTQ+-mense.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Starcevic|first1=Seb|last2=Giordano|first2=Elena|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/belgium-ex-mep-petra-de-sutter-quit-trade-mission-us-donald-trump-lgbtq-policies/|title=Transgender ex-MEP quits trade mission to US over Trump's LGBTQ+ policies|website=[[Politico]]|date=18 September 2025|access-date=10 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930211041/https://www.politico.eu/article/belgium-ex-mep-petra-de-sutter-quit-trade-mission-us-donald-trump-lgbtq-policies/|archive-date=30 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
In Januarie 2026 het De Sutter, in haar hoedanigheid as rektor van die Universiteit Gent, aansienlike openbare en akademiese kritiek in die gesig gestaar nadat versonne aanhalings in 'n toespraak ontdek is.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NWS |first=VRT |date=2026-01-08 |title=Ghent University rector Petra De Sutter uses fabricated quotes in speech, AI gets blame {{!}} VRT NWS: news |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/en/2026/01/08/ghent-university-rector-petra-de-sutter-uses-fabricated-quotes-i/ |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=VRTNWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://apache.be/2026/01/08/rector-petra-sutter-gebruikte-door-ai-gehallucineerde-citaten-openingsspeech |title=Rector Petra De Sutter gebruikte door AI 'gehallucineerde' citaten in openingsspeech |date=8 Januarie 2026 |access-date=10 Januarie 2026|website=[[Apache.be]]|last=Walraven|first=Jan|language=nl}}</ref>
== Ander bedrywighede ==
* Friends of Europe, lid van die raad van trustees (sedert 2020)<ref>[https://www.friendsofeurope.org/insights/trustees/ Friends of Europe appoints 29 new members to its Board of Trustees] Friends of Europe, persverklaring van 25 Junie 2020.</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:De Sutter, Petra}}
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1963]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
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{{Kort beskrywing|Belgiese politikus (gebore 1963)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Petra De Sutter
| image = Petra De Sutter 4 - ©Jesse De Meulenaere (cropped).jpg
| caption = De Sutter in 2020
| image_size =
| office1 = [[Federale Regering van België|Minister van Staatsdiens]], Openbare Ondernemings, Telekommunikasie en [[Bpost|Posdienste]]
| term_start1 = 1 Oktober 2020
| term_end1 = 3 Februarie 2025
| prime_minister1 = [[Alexander De Croo]]
| predecessor1 = [[David Clarinval]]
| successor1 = [[Vanessa Matz]]
| office2 = [[Lid van die Europese Parlement]]<br>vir [[Nederlandstalige kieskollege|België]]
| term_start2 = 2 Julie 2019
| term_end2 = 30 September 2020
| office3 = [[Senaat (België)|Lid van die Belgiese Senaat]]
| term_start3 = 3 Julie 2014
| term_end3 = 29 Maart 2019
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| birth_date = {{GDEO|1963|6|10}}<ref name="Sutter 2016">Petra De Sutter, Elke Lahousse, ''(Over)leven: mijn strijd als transvrouw arts & politica'' (2016, {{ISBN|946041513X}})</ref>
| birth_place = [[Oudenaarde]], [[België]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| birth_name =
| party = [[Groen (politieke party)|Groen]]
| spouse =
| alma_mater = [[Universiteit Gent]]
| occupation =
| signature =
| website = {{URL|http://www.petradesutter.be}}
| office = [[Eerste minister van België|Adjunk- eerste minister van België]]
| term_start = 1 Oktober 2020
| term_end = 3 Februarie 2025
| prime_minister = [[Alexander De Croo]]
| children = 1
}}
'''Petra De Sutter''' (gebore 10 Junie 1963) is 'n [[België|Belgiese]] [[ginekologie|ginekoloog]] en politikus wat van 2020 tot 2025 as adjunk- eerste minister van België gedien het. Ná haar ampstermyn is sy in April 2025 tot [[Rektor (akademie)|rektor]] van die [[Universiteit Gent]] verkies.
Sy is 'n lid van die party [[Groen (politieke party)|Groen]] en was voorheen van 2019 tot 2020 [[Lid van die Europese Parlement]], waarna sy as adjunk- eerste minister aangestel is met die verantwoordelikheid om toesig te hou oor België se openbare administrasie en openbare ondernemings in [[Alexander De Croo]] se [[Regering-De Croo|regering]].<ref>Barbara Moens (1 Oktober 2020), [https://www.politico.eu/article/green-mep-petra-de-sutter-to-be-named-deputy-belgian-pm/ Green MEP Petra De Sutter to be named deputy Belgian PM] ''[[Politico Europe]]''.</ref> Sy is die eerste [[transgender]] minister in Europa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hugendubel |first1=Katrin |title=Belgian milestone: A first trans minister and nobody cares |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/petra-de-sutter-transgender-deputy-prime-minister-milestone-progress/ |accessdate=2 Oktober 2020 |work=[[Politico]] |date=1 Oktober 2020}}</ref>
Voordat sy tot die politiek toegetree het, was sy professor in ginekologie aan die Universiteit Gent en hoof van die Departement Voortplantingsgeneeskunde by die [[Universitêre Hospitaal Gent]] (UZ Gent).<ref name="Sutter 2016"/><ref name="HLN 2014">''[https://www.hln.be/nieuws/binnenland/professor-petra-de-sutter-aangeduid-als-gecoopteerd-senator-voor-groen~ac043c35/ Professor Petra De Sutter aangeduid als gecoöpteerd senator voor Groen]'', 21 Junie 2014, ''[[Het Laatste Nieuws]]''</ref>
== Vroeë lewe en loopbaan ==
De Sutter is in Junie 1963 in [[Oudenaarde]] in die [[Vlaamse Gewes|Vlaamse]] [[Provinsies van België|provinsie]] [[Oos-Vlaandere]] gebore. Sy het in 1987 'n mediese graad aan die [[Universiteit Gent]] verwerf en in 1991 'n PhD in biogeneeskunde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A year in politics: An evening with Petra De Sutter |url=https://www.themerode.com/en/event/a-year-in-politics-an-evening-with-petra-de-sutter-981 |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=TheMerode |language=en-GB}}</ref>
Ná haar studie het De Sutter na die [[Verenigde State]] verhuis, waar sy twee jaar lank die genetika van [[oösiet|oösiete]] in [[Chicago]] bestudeer het. In 1994 het sy 'n spesialisasie in [[ginekologie]] behaal.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://sistersofeurope.com/women-are-conditioned-not-to-believe-in-themselves/|title = "Women are conditioned not to believe in themselves"|date = 20 Februarie 2019|access-date = 23 Junie 2021|archive-date = 18 April 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210418165429/https://sistersofeurope.com/women-are-conditioned-not-to-believe-in-themselves/|url-status = dead}}</ref> In 2000 is sy as professor in voortplantingsgeneeskunde aan die Universiteit Gent aangestel. In 2006 is sy aangestel as hoof van die Departement Voortplantingsgeneeskunde van die Universitêre Hospitaal Gent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rector |url=https://www.ugent.be/en/ghentuniv/management-administration/rector |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Universiteit Gent |language=en}}</ref>
Sy het in 2004 as transgender uit die kas getree en 'n manlik-na-vroulike [[geslagsoorgang]] ondergaan.<ref name="Sutter 2016" />
== Politieke loopbaan ==
=== Lid van die Senaat, 2014–2019 ===
In die [[Europese Parlementsverkiesing van 2014 in België|Europese verkiesing van 2014]] was De Sutter tweede op die lys van die [[Groen (politieke party)|Vlaamse Groen-party]]. Die party kon egter nie 'n tweede setel behou nie. Sy is daarna deur haar party gekoöpteer vir 'n setel in die [[Senaat (België)|Belgiese Senaat]].<ref name="HLN 2014"/> As transvrou<ref name="Sutter 2016"/> het sy die eerste openlik transgender Belg geword wat op 'n [[Partylys-proporsionele verteenwoordiging|partylys vir 'n verkiesing]] verskyn het.<ref name="Nieuwsblad 2014">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20140228_01004504|title=Petra De Sutter is eerste transgender op kieslijst|website=Het Nieuwsblad|date=Maart 2014 |language=nl-BE|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref>
Daarbenewens het De Sutter van 2014 tot 2019 as lid van die Belgiese afvaardiging na die [[Parlementêre Vergadering van die Raad van Europa]] gedien.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pace.coe.int/en/members/7307?lang=EN|title=Ms Petra De SUTTER|website=Parliamentary Assembly|access-date=3 Oktober 2020}}</ref> As lid van die [[Groep van Sosialiste, Demokrate en Groenes]] was sy lid van die Komitee vir Migrasie, Vlugtelinge en Ontheemdes; die Komitee vir Prosedurereëls, Immuniteite en Institusionele Aangeleenthede; die Subkomitee vir Integrasie; die Subkomitee vir Openbare Gesondheid en Volhoubare Ontwikkeling; en die Subkomitee vir Etiek. Sy was die Vergadering se [[rapporteur]] oor kinderregte met betrekking tot draagmoederskapreëlings (2016);<ref>[http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/News/News-View-EN.asp?newsid=6316&lang=2&cat= Surrogacy: governments should consider drawing up guidelines to safeguard children’s rights], [[Parlementêre Vergadering van die Raad van Europa]], persverklaring van 21 September 2016.</ref> oor die gebruik van nuwe genetiese tegnologieë by mense (2017);<ref>[http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/News/News-View-EN.asp?newsid=6746&lang=2&cat=133 Petra De Sutter: "High time for a debate on new genetic technologies"] [[Parlementêre Vergadering van die Raad van Europa]], persverklaring van 3 Augustus 2017.</ref> en oor die opvangstoestande van vlugtelinge en migrante (2018).<ref>[http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/News/News-View-EN.asp?newsid=7157&lang=2&cat=134 More efforts needed for refugees’ reception on Greek islands] [[Parlementêre Vergadering van die Raad van Europa]], persverklaring van 13 Julie 2018.</ref>
Sedert haar politieke debuut het De Sutter haar beywer vir die regulering van [[draagmoederskap]] op Belgiese en Europese vlak,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-23 |title=Children’s rights related to surrogacy |url=https://pace.coe.int/en/files/23015/html |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251014231730/https://pace.coe.int/en/files/23015/html |archive-date=2025-10-14 |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Parliamentary Assembly}}</ref> vir onafhanklike kliniese navorsing in die farmaseutiese bedryf,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-24 |title=UvA honorary doctorates for social entrepreneur Corinne Goddijn-Vigreux and gynaecologist Petra De Sutter |url=https://www.uva.nl/shared-content/uva/en/news/press-releases/2025/09/uva-honorary-doctorates-for-social-entrepreneur-corinne-goddijn-vigreux-and-gynaecologist-petra-de-sutter.html |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Universiteit van Amsterdam |language=nl}}</ref> asook aandag gevestig op die risiko's van die [[Transatlantiese Vryhandelsgebied|TTIP]] vir verbruikersbeskerming ten opsigte van voedsel en chemikalieë,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-13 |title=Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and its implications for social rights, public health and sustainable development |url=https://pace.coe.int/en/files/23015/html |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Parliamentary Assembly}}</ref> en opgekom vir die regte van [[LGBT]]-mense.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.knack.be/nieuws/belgie/wij-willen-niet-getolereerd-worden-wij-willen-respect/article-normal-570685.html|title='Wij willen niet getolereerd worden, wij willen respect'|date=2015-05-16|website=Site-Knack-NL|access-date=2019-11-20}}</ref>
=== Lid van die Europese Parlement, 2019–2020 ===
[[File:Petra De Sutter - GEF - The EP Goes Green.webm|thumb|De Sutter stel haarself voor in 'n video van die [[Heinrich Böll-Stigting]] en die [[Groen Europese Stigting]]]]
Op 15 September 2018 is aangekondig dat De Sutter benoeming soek as een van die [[Europese Groenes]] se twee hoofkandidate vir die [[Europese Parlementsverkiesing van 2019]]; die benoemings het uiteindelik aan die Nederlander [[Bas Eickhout]] en die Duitser [[Ska Keller]] toegeval.<ref>[https://europeangreens.eu/berlin2018/proposals/001-leading-candidates European Greens - Support phase Leading Candidates]</ref> Ná haar toetrede tot die Parlement was sy voorsitter van die [[Komitee vir die Interne Mark en Verbruikersbeskerming]]; sy was die eerste Groen-politikus in hierdie posisie.<ref>Maïa de La Baume (13 Januarie 2020), [https://www.politico.eu/article/20-meps-to-watch-in-2020-european-parliament/ 20 MEPs to watch in 2020] ''[[Politico Europe]]''.</ref> In 2020 het sy ook by die Spesiale Komitee oor die Bekamping van Kanker aangesluit.<ref>[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sed/doc/news/flash/24221/Full%20Members%20new%20committees_09-07-2020_en.pdf Members of the Special Committee on Beating Cancer] [[Europese Parlement]], persverklaring van 9 Julie 2020.</ref>
Daarbenewens was De Sutter deel van die Parlement se afvaardiging vir betrekkinge met die lande van [[Suid-Asië]] ([[Bangladesj]], [[Bhoetan]], die [[Maledive]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]] en [[Sri Lanka]]). Sy was ook lid van die [[Intergroep van die Europese Parlement vir LGBT-regte]]<ref>[https://lgbti-ep.eu/who-we-are/members/ Members] European Parliament Intergroup on LGBTI Rights.</ref> en mede-voorsitter van die groep [[MEPs Against Cancer]].<ref>[https://www.europeancancerleagues.org/meps-against-cancer-about-meps-against-cancer-2/ MAC MEPs in the 2019-24 legislature] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200202095804/https://www.europeancancerleagues.org/meps-against-cancer-about-meps-against-cancer-2/ |date=2020-02-02 }} [[MEPs Against Cancer]].</ref>
In Desember 2020 het De Sutter die toekenning vir Geregtigheid en Geslagsgelykheid by ''The Parliament Magazine'' se jaarlikse [[The Parliament Magazine#Die LEP-toekennings|LEP-toekennings]] ontvang, ter erkenning van haar werk as lid van die Europese Parlement rondom [[Seksuele regte|seksuele]] en [[reproduktiewe regte]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/news/article/mep-awards-2020-reaction-and-comment-from-our-winners|title=MEP Awards 2020: Reaction and comment from our winners|last=Johnson|first=Brian|date=2 Desember 2020|work=[[The Parliament Magazine]]|access-date=8 Januarie 2021}}</ref>
=== Adjunk- eerste minister van België, 2020–2025 ===
[[File:EU2024BE 240105 Visit of the College of Commissioners Egmont Palace JNZT 0030 (53444699189).jpg|thumb|De Sutter in 2024]]
Op 1 Oktober 2020 is De Sutter as een van sewe adjunk- eerste ministers in die [[Regering-De Croo|regering]] van [[Eerste minister van België|eerste minister]] [[Alexander De Croo]] ingesweer. Sy het daarmee Europa se eerste transgender adjunk- eerste minister geword, en die transpolitikus met die hoogste amp in Europa.<ref>Oscar Lopez (1 Oktober 2020), [https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL8N2GS6EL Belgium appoints Europe's first transgender deputy PM] ''[[Reuters]]''.</ref>
In Oktober 2023 het De Sutter die Britse premier [[Rishi Sunak]] se toespraak by die Konserwatiewe Party se kongres gekritiseer, waarin hy aangevoer het dat sy gehoor hulle nie moet laat afknou om te glo dat mense enige geslag kan wees wat hulle wil wees nie, en dat 'n man 'n man is en 'n vrou 'n vrou. Sy het Sunak se woorde as seermakend en baie teleurstellend beskryf, en gesê dit vuur transfobie aan.<ref>Ashifa Kassam (6 Oktober 2023), [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/06/belgian-transgender-deputy-pm-petra-de-sutter-rishi-sunak-not-join-real-bullies Belgian transgender deputy PM urges Sunak not to join ‘the real bullies’] ''[[The Guardian]]''.</ref>
In November 2023 het De Sutter Israel se optrede tydens die [[Gaza-oorlog]] gekritiseer en gesê dit is tyd vir sanksies teen Israel.<ref name="TikTok - Make Your Day">{{Cite web |title=TikTok - Make Your Day |url=https://www.tiktok.com/@petradesutter/video/7298993643950542113?lang=en |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=www.tiktok.com}}</ref> Die reën van bomme is onmenslik, het sy bygevoeg.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Strauss |first=Marine |date=2023-11-08 |title=Belgium wants sanctions against Israel for Gaza bombings - deputy PM |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/belgium-wants-sanctions-against-israel-gaza-bombings-deputy-pm-2023-11-08/ |access-date=2023-11-08}}</ref> Sy het ook [[Hamas]] opgeroep om al sy [[Gyselaarskrisis van die Gaza-oorlog|ontvoerde gyselaars]] vry te laat, en verklaar dat die geldstrome wat hierdie terreurorganisasie finansier, gestop moet word.<ref name="TikTok - Make Your Day"/> Op 29 Februarie 2024 het De Sutter gesê sy is ontsteld oor die nuus van die [[Meelbloedbad|meelbloedbad]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 Februarie 2024 |title='Heinous': Deadly Israeli attack on Gaza aid-seekers condemned |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/29/heinous-deadly-israeli-attack-on-gaza-aid-seekers-condemned |work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]] |archive-date=29 Februarie 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229160619/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/29/heinous-deadly-israeli-attack-on-gaza-aid-seekers-condemned |url-status=live}}</ref>
== Universiteitsrektor ==
Ná die inhuldiging van die [[Regering-De Wever]] in Februarie 2025 het De Sutter haar uittrede uit die nasionale politiek aangekondig, hoewel sy in die plaaslike politiek aktief gebly het. Sy is in April daardie jaar, saam met Herwig Reynaert, tot [[Rektor (akademie)|rektor]] van die [[Universiteit Gent]] (UGent) verkies met 55,60% van die stemme, en het die amp op 1 Oktober aanvaar.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 Mei 2025 |title=Former Deputy PM De Sutter elected Ghent University Chancellor |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium/1559528/former-deputy-pm-de-sutter-elected-ghent-university-chancellor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501091424/https://www.brusselstimes.com/belgium/1559528/former-deputy-pm-de-sutter-elected-ghent-university-chancellor#Echobox=1746085474 |archive-date=1 Mei 2025 |access-date=1 Mei 2025 |work=[[The Brussels Times]] |agency=[[Belga Nuusagentskap|Belga]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Schouppe |first=Ward |date=30 April 2025 |title=Petra De Sutter wordt nieuwe rector UGent, ze verslaat Rik Van de Walle met grote voorsprong |trans-title=Petra De Sutter word nuwe UGent-rektor en verslaan Rik Van de Walle met 'n groot voorsprong |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/04/30/rectorverkiezing-gent-petra-de-sutter-wint-rik-van-de-walle-verl/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250501091945/https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2025/04/30/rectorverkiezing-gent-petra-de-sutter-wint-rik-van-de-walle-verl/ |archive-date=1 Mei 2025 |access-date=1 Mei 2025 |work=[[VRT NWS]] |language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ugent.be/en/news-events/new-rectoral-team.htm|title=New rectoral team officially in office|website=[[Universiteit Gent]]|date=10 Januarie 2025|access-date=10 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251110195325/https://www.ugent.be/en/news-events/new-rectoral-team.htm|archive-date=10 November 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2025 het sy besluit om nie aan 'n handelsending na die Verenigde State deel te neem nie weens die huidige reëls wat president Trump uitgevaardig het; ''[[Politico]]'' het vermoed dat sy verwys het na die beleid van die Amerikaanse president [[Donald Trump]] oor LGBTQ+-mense.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Starcevic|first1=Seb|last2=Giordano|first2=Elena|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/belgium-ex-mep-petra-de-sutter-quit-trade-mission-us-donald-trump-lgbtq-policies/|title=Transgender ex-MEP quits trade mission to US over Trump's LGBTQ+ policies|website=[[Politico]]|date=18 September 2025|access-date=10 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930211041/https://www.politico.eu/article/belgium-ex-mep-petra-de-sutter-quit-trade-mission-us-donald-trump-lgbtq-policies/|archive-date=30 September 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
In Januarie 2026 het De Sutter, in haar hoedanigheid as rektor van die Universiteit Gent, aansienlike openbare en akademiese kritiek in die gesig gestaar nadat versonne aanhalings in 'n toespraak ontdek is.<ref>{{Cite web |last=NWS |first=VRT |date=2026-01-08 |title=Ghent University rector Petra De Sutter uses fabricated quotes in speech, AI gets blame {{!}} VRT NWS: news |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/en/2026/01/08/ghent-university-rector-petra-de-sutter-uses-fabricated-quotes-i/ |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=VRTNWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://apache.be/2026/01/08/rector-petra-sutter-gebruikte-door-ai-gehallucineerde-citaten-openingsspeech |title=Rector Petra De Sutter gebruikte door AI 'gehallucineerde' citaten in openingsspeech |date=8 Januarie 2026 |access-date=10 Januarie 2026|website=[[Apache.be]]|last=Walraven|first=Jan|language=nl}}</ref>
== Ander bedrywighede ==
* Friends of Europe, lid van die raad van trustees (sedert 2020)<ref>[https://www.friendsofeurope.org/insights/trustees/ Friends of Europe appoints 29 new members to its Board of Trustees] Friends of Europe, persverklaring van 25 Junie 2020.</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings|2}}
{{Normdata}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:De Sutter, Petra}}
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1963]]
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
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{{Kop van besprekingsbladsy}}
{{Bladtrekke}}
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Stuart Alan Jones
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Rodolfo Arpena
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Geskep deur die bladsy "[[:es:Special:Redirect/revision/174970057|Stuart Alan Jones]]" te vertaal
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<templatestyles src="Plantilla:Ficha/imagelimit.css"></templatestyles>
'''Stuart Alan Jones''' (vertolk deur [[Aidan Gillen]]) is 'n hoofkarakter in die Britse reeks ''Queer as Folk''. Hy werk by 'n advertensieagentskap in Manchester en spandeer baie van sy tyd in kroeë of by die nagklub ''Babylon'' in Canal Street saam met sy vriende.
== Agtergrond ==
Stuart kom uit 'n Ierse middelklasgesin. Hy het saam met sy gesin na Manchester verhuis toe hy 'n tiener was. Hy het 'n onstabiele kinderjare gehad. Gedurende sy hoërskooldae het Stuart die mishandeling in sy huis ontsnap deur by sy beste vriend, Vince Tyler, te bly, wie se ma, Hazel, Stuart uiteindelik soos 'n ander seun begin behandel het.
== Persoonlikheid ==
Alhoewel Stuart openlik oor sy seksualiteit is met Vince en Hazel en hoogs seksueel aktief was gedurende sy tienerjare, kom hy eers uit by sy ouers wanneer hy reeds volwasse is. Stuart voel dat hy niks aan sy ouers verskuldig is nie en het verkies om sy seksualiteit nie aan hulle te openbaar nie omdat hy min tot geen verhouding met hulle het nie. Uiteindelik vertel hy dit aan sy ouers nadat sy neef (seun van sy suster Marie) hom afgepers het.
Stuart se grootste vrees is om sy jeug en skoonheid te verloor. Sy beste vriend, Vince, verseker hom dikwels dat hy "altyd jonk en altyd mooi sal wees."
Ten spyte van Stuart se oënskynlik onbesorgde en amorale aard, word getoon dat hy sy vriende liefhet en dikwels groot opofferings vir hulle sal maak, al sal hy dit nie erken nie. Alhoewel hy nie 'n gay-aktivis is nie, tree Stuart altyd aggressief op teenoor homofobe.
== Verhoudings ==
=== Nathan Maloney ===
''(Nog te bepaal in die reeks)''
=== Vince Tyler ===
Stuart en Vince is goeie vriende sedert hulle 14 was, en Vince blyk die enigste vriend te wees wat hy vertrou. Toe hulle gehelp het om die pornografie-voorraad van Vince se vriend, Phil, skoon te maak, het Stuart beplan om Vince 'n stel sleutels van sy woonstel te gee en gehoop dat Vince dieselfde vir hom sou doen as iets sou gebeur.
== Aanhalingstekens ==
* "Ek is queer, ek is gay, ek is homoseksueel. Ek is 'n moffie, poofter, ponce. Ek is 'n bumboy, baddy boy, backside artist, bugger. Ek is gebuig. Ek is daardie poeprower. Ek lig daardie hemde. Ek is 'n kontnaaier, worsverpakker, steil heuwel tuinier. Ek eet by die onderste restaurant, ek dans by die ander kant van die balzaal. Ek is Moses in die skeiding van die rooi wange, ek naai en word genaai, ek suig en word gesuig, ek rim hulle en ruk hulle en elke man het die fokken tyd van sy lewe gehad. En ek is nie 'n pervert nie."
== Weet jy? ==
* [[Aidan Gillen]] is in 1999 vir die BAFTA TV-toekenning as beste akteur vir hierdie rol benoem.
* Hy het eenmalige verhoudings nagejaag en geen duidelike belangstelling getoon om 'n gereelde maat te vind nie.
* Sy eerste seksuele ervaring was met sy hoërskool gimnasiumonderwyser.
* In die Amerikaanse weergawe, ''Queer as Folk'', word Stuart vervang deur [[Brian Kinney]] (vertolk deur [[Gale Harold]]), met wie hy baie eienskappe deel.
ba2tvig6a637koiynteolgd4uwfzwar
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{{Inligtingskas karakter
| naam = Stuart Alan Jones
| oorspronklike naam = Stuart Alan Jones
| reeks = [[Queer as Folk (Reino Unido)|Queer as Folk]]
| beeld = Стюарт Алан Джонс.png
| beeld_grootte =
| byskrif = Stuart Alan Jones in die Britse reeks
| eerste = Episode 1.01: "Meeting People is Easy" (Seisoen 1)
| laaste = Episode 2.02: "End of the Road" (Seisoen 2)
| skepper = [[Russell T. Davies]]
| vertolker = [[Aidan Gillen]]
| volle_naam =
| alias =
| ras =
| geslag = Manlik
| ouderdom = 30
| geboortedatum =
| geboorteplek =
| nasionaliteit = Brits
| woning = Manchester, Verenigde Koninkryk
| sterfdatum =
| sterfplek =
| vermoëns =
| affiliasie =
| beroep = Bestuurder by 'n advertensieagentskap
| posisie =
| familie =
| eggenoot =
| kinders = Alfred Sullivan <small>(seun; met Romey Sullivan)</small>
| familielede = Clive Jones <small>(vader)</small><br />Margaret Jones <small>(moeder)</small><br />Marie Jones Threepwood <small>(suster)</small><br />Ben Threepwood <small>(neef)</small><br />Thomas Threepwood <small>(neef)</small><br />Romey Sullivan <small>(seun se ma)</small>
| teenstanders =
| lewensmaat = [[Vince Tyler]] <small>(kêrel)</small>
| ideologie =
| godsdiens =
| hou_van =
| hou_nie_van =
}}
'''Stuart Alan Jones''' (vertolk deur [[Aidan Gillen]]) is 'n hoofkarakter in die Britse reeks ''Queer as Folk''. Hy werk by 'n advertensieagentskap in Manchester en spandeer baie van sy tyd in kroeë of by die nagklub ''Babylon'' in Canal Street saam met sy vriende.
== Agtergrond ==
Stuart kom uit 'n Ierse middelklasgesin. Hy het saam met sy gesin na Manchester verhuis toe hy 'n tiener was. Hy het 'n onstabiele kinderjare gehad. Gedurende sy hoërskooldae het Stuart die mishandeling in sy huis ontsnap deur by sy beste vriend, Vince Tyler, te bly, wie se ma, Hazel, Stuart uiteindelik soos 'n ander seun begin behandel het.
== Persoonlikheid ==
Alhoewel Stuart openlik oor sy seksualiteit is met Vince en Hazel en hoogs seksueel aktief was gedurende sy tienerjare, kom hy eers uit by sy ouers wanneer hy reeds volwasse is. Stuart voel dat hy niks aan sy ouers verskuldig is nie en het verkies om sy seksualiteit nie aan hulle te openbaar nie omdat hy min tot geen verhouding met hulle het nie. Uiteindelik vertel hy dit aan sy ouers nadat sy neef (seun van sy suster Marie) hom afgepers het.
Stuart se grootste vrees is om sy jeug en skoonheid te verloor. Sy beste vriend, Vince, verseker hom dikwels dat hy "altyd jonk en altyd mooi sal wees."
Ten spyte van Stuart se oënskynlik onbesorgde en amorale aard, word getoon dat hy sy vriende liefhet en dikwels groot opofferings vir hulle sal maak, al sal hy dit nie erken nie. Alhoewel hy nie 'n gay-aktivis is nie, tree Stuart altyd aggressief op teenoor homofobe.
== Verhoudings ==
=== Nathan Maloney ===
''(Nog te bepaal in die reeks)''
=== Vince Tyler ===
Stuart en Vince is goeie vriende sedert hulle 14 was, en Vince blyk die enigste vriend te wees wat hy vertrou. Toe hulle gehelp het om die pornografie-voorraad van Vince se vriend, Phil, skoon te maak, het Stuart beplan om Vince 'n stel sleutels van sy woonstel te gee en gehoop dat Vince dieselfde vir hom sou doen as iets sou gebeur.
== Aanhalingstekens ==
* "Ek is queer, ek is gay, ek is homoseksueel. Ek is 'n moffie, poofter, ponce. Ek is 'n bumboy, baddy boy, backside artist, bugger. Ek is gebuig. Ek is daardie poeprower. Ek lig daardie hemde. Ek is 'n kontnaaier, worsverpakker, steil heuwel tuinier. Ek eet by die onderste restaurant, ek dans by die ander kant van die balzaal. Ek is Moses in die skeiding van die rooi wange, ek naai en word genaai, ek suig en word gesuig, ek rim hulle en ruk hulle en elke man het die fokken tyd van sy lewe gehad. En ek is nie 'n pervert nie."
== Weet jy? ==
* [[Aidan Gillen]] is in 1999 vir die BAFTA TV-toekenning as beste akteur vir hierdie rol benoem.
* Hy het eenmalige verhoudings nagejaag en geen duidelike belangstelling getoon om 'n gereelde maat te vind nie.
* Sy eerste seksuele ervaring was met sy hoërskool gimnasiumonderwyser.
* In die Amerikaanse weergawe, ''Queer as Folk'', word Stuart vervang deur [[Brian Kinney]] (vertolk deur [[Gale Harold]]), met wie hy baie eienskappe deel.
atgmqy0wngi9ecpe92jtyolybdffabs
2928767
2928765
2026-08-22T07:26:48Z
Rodolfo Arpena
213259
2928767
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Stuart Alan Jones''' (vertolk deur [[Aidan Gillen]]) is 'n hoofkarakter in die Britse reeks ''Queer as Folk''. Hy werk by 'n advertensieagentskap in Manchester en spandeer baie van sy tyd in kroeë of by die nagklub ''Babylon'' in Canal Street saam met sy vriende.
== Agtergrond ==
Stuart kom uit 'n Ierse middelklasgesin. Hy het saam met sy gesin na Manchester verhuis toe hy 'n tiener was. Hy het 'n onstabiele kinderjare gehad. Gedurende sy hoërskooldae het Stuart die mishandeling in sy huis ontsnap deur by sy beste vriend, Vince Tyler, te bly, wie se ma, Hazel, Stuart uiteindelik soos 'n ander seun begin behandel het.
== Persoonlikheid ==
Alhoewel Stuart openlik oor sy seksualiteit is met Vince en Hazel en hoogs seksueel aktief was gedurende sy tienerjare, kom hy eers uit by sy ouers wanneer hy reeds volwasse is. Stuart voel dat hy niks aan sy ouers verskuldig is nie en het verkies om sy seksualiteit nie aan hulle te openbaar nie omdat hy min tot geen verhouding met hulle het nie. Uiteindelik vertel hy dit aan sy ouers nadat sy neef (seun van sy suster Marie) hom afgepers het.
Stuart se grootste vrees is om sy jeug en skoonheid te verloor. Sy beste vriend, Vince, verseker hom dikwels dat hy "altyd jonk en altyd mooi sal wees."
Ten spyte van Stuart se oënskynlik onbesorgde en amorale aard, word getoon dat hy sy vriende liefhet en dikwels groot opofferings vir hulle sal maak, al sal hy dit nie erken nie. Alhoewel hy nie 'n gay-aktivis is nie, tree Stuart altyd aggressief op teenoor homofobe.
== Verhoudings ==
=== Nathan Maloney ===
''(Nog te bepaal in die reeks)''
=== Vince Tyler ===
Stuart en Vince is goeie vriende sedert hulle 14 was, en Vince blyk die enigste vriend te wees wat hy vertrou. Toe hulle gehelp het om die pornografie-voorraad van Vince se vriend, Phil, skoon te maak, het Stuart beplan om Vince 'n stel sleutels van sy woonstel te gee en gehoop dat Vince dieselfde vir hom sou doen as iets sou gebeur.
== Aanhalingstekens ==
* "Ek is queer, ek is gay, ek is homoseksueel. Ek is 'n moffie, poofter, ponce. Ek is 'n bumboy, baddy boy, backside artist, bugger. Ek is gebuig. Ek is daardie poeprower. Ek lig daardie hemde. Ek is 'n kontnaaier, worsverpakker, steil heuwel tuinier. Ek eet by die onderste restaurant, ek dans by die ander kant van die balzaal. Ek is Moses in die skeiding van die rooi wange, ek naai en word genaai, ek suig en word gesuig, ek rim hulle en ruk hulle en elke man het die fokken tyd van sy lewe gehad. En ek is nie 'n pervert nie."
== Weet jy? ==
* [[Aidan Gillen]] is in 1999 vir die BAFTA TV-toekenning as beste akteur vir hierdie rol benoem.
* Hy het eenmalige verhoudings nagejaag en geen duidelike belangstelling getoon om 'n gereelde maat te vind nie.
* Sy eerste seksuele ervaring was met sy hoërskool gimnasiumonderwyser.
* In die Amerikaanse weergawe, ''Queer as Folk'', word Stuart vervang deur [[Brian Kinney]] (vertolk deur [[Gale Harold]]), met wie hy baie eienskappe deel.
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2026-08-22T10:38:31Z
~2026-45494-72
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Geen bronnelys
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{{geen bronnelys}}
''Stuart Alan Jones''' (vertolk deur [[Aidan Gillen]]) is 'n hoofkarakter in die Britse reeks ''Queer as Folk''. Hy werk by 'n advertensieagentskap in Manchester en spandeer baie van sy tyd in kroeë of by die nagklub ''Babylon'' in Canal Street saam met sy vriende.
== Agtergrond ==
Stuart kom uit 'n Ierse middelklasgesin. Hy het saam met sy gesin na Manchester verhuis toe hy 'n tiener was. Hy het 'n onstabiele kinderjare gehad. Gedurende sy hoërskooldae het Stuart die mishandeling in sy huis ontsnap deur by sy beste vriend, Vince Tyler, te bly, wie se ma, Hazel, Stuart uiteindelik soos 'n ander seun begin behandel het.
== Persoonlikheid ==
Alhoewel Stuart openlik oor sy seksualiteit is met Vince en Hazel en hoogs seksueel aktief was gedurende sy tienerjare, kom hy eers uit by sy ouers wanneer hy reeds volwasse is. Stuart voel dat hy niks aan sy ouers verskuldig is nie en het verkies om sy seksualiteit nie aan hulle te openbaar nie omdat hy min tot geen verhouding met hulle het nie. Uiteindelik vertel hy dit aan sy ouers nadat sy neef (seun van sy suster Marie) hom afgepers het.
Stuart se grootste vrees is om sy jeug en skoonheid te verloor. Sy beste vriend, Vince, verseker hom dikwels dat hy "altyd jonk en altyd mooi sal wees."
Ten spyte van Stuart se oënskynlik onbesorgde en amorale aard, word getoon dat hy sy vriende liefhet en dikwels groot opofferings vir hulle sal maak, al sal hy dit nie erken nie. Alhoewel hy nie 'n gay-aktivis is nie, tree Stuart altyd aggressief op teenoor homofobe.
== Verhoudings ==
=== Nathan Maloney ===
''(Nog te bepaal in die reeks)''
=== Vince Tyler ===
Stuart en Vince is goeie vriende sedert hulle 14 was, en Vince blyk die enigste vriend te wees wat hy vertrou. Toe hulle gehelp het om die pornografie-voorraad van Vince se vriend, Phil, skoon te maak, het Stuart beplan om Vince 'n stel sleutels van sy woonstel te gee en gehoop dat Vince dieselfde vir hom sou doen as iets sou gebeur.
== Aanhalingstekens ==
* "Ek is queer, ek is gay, ek is homoseksueel. Ek is 'n moffie, poofter, ponce. Ek is 'n bumboy, baddy boy, backside artist, bugger. Ek is gebuig. Ek is daardie poeprower. Ek lig daardie hemde. Ek is 'n kontnaaier, worsverpakker, steil heuwel tuinier. Ek eet by die onderste restaurant, ek dans by die ander kant van die balzaal. Ek is Moses in die skeiding van die rooi wange, ek naai en word genaai, ek suig en word gesuig, ek rim hulle en ruk hulle en elke man het die fokken tyd van sy lewe gehad. En ek is nie 'n pervert nie."
== Weet jy? ==
* [[Aidan Gillen]] is in 1999 vir die BAFTA TV-toekenning as beste akteur vir hierdie rol benoem.
* Hy het eenmalige verhoudings nagejaag en geen duidelike belangstelling getoon om 'n gereelde maat te vind nie.
* Sy eerste seksuele ervaring was met sy hoërskool gimnasiumonderwyser.
* In die Amerikaanse weergawe, ''Queer as Folk'', word Stuart vervang deur [[Brian Kinney]] (vertolk deur [[Gale Harold]]), met wie hy baie eienskappe deel.
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Aidan Gillen
0
465227
2928768
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Rodolfo Arpena
213259
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<templatestyles src="Plantilla:Ficha/imagelimit.css"></templatestyles>
'''Aidan Murphy''' ([[Dublin]]; 24 April 1968), bekend onder sy verhoognaam '''Aidan Gillen''', is 'n [[Ierland|Ierse]] [[akteur]] wat in [[rolprent]], [[teater]] en [[televisie]] gewerk het. Hy is bekend vir sy rolle as A.D Janson (Rat Man) in ''[[The Maze Runner (trilogie)|The Maze Runner]]'', Petyr Baelish "Kleinvinger" in ''[[Game of Thrones]]'', Thomas J. "Tommy" Carcetti in [[The Wire]], Aberama Gold in [[Peaky Blinders]] en Lord Nelson Rathbone in ''[[Shanghai Knights]]''. Hy was getroud met Olivia O'Flanagan en hulle het twee kinders: Berry en Joe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2009/jul/14/aidan-gillen-freefall-television|title=Aidan Gillen: I'm less bothered about playing disgusting or flawed people|author=Jeffries, Stuart|date=14 Julie 2009|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=|language=Engels|accessdate=15 Mei 2011}}</ref>
== Filmografie ==
=== Rolprente ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Jaar
!Titel
!Rol
!Notas
|-
|1985
|''The Drip''
|Jong seun
|Kortfilm
|-
|1987
|''The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne''
|Jong man in die drankwinkel
| rowspan="2" |Gekrediteer as Aidan Murphy
|-
|1988
|''The Courier''
|Seun
|-
|1992
|''[[An Ungentlemanly Act]]''
|Matroos Wilcox
| rowspan="3" |[[TV-fliek]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
|''A Handful of Stars''
|Tony
|-
|''Belfry''
|Dominic
|-
|1995
|''[[Circle of Friends]]''
|Aidan Lynch
|-
|1996
|''[[Some Mother's Son]]''
|Gerard Quigley
|-
|1997
|''[[Mojo (film)|Mojo]]''
|Baby
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998
|''Gold in the Streets''
|Paddy
|-
|''Amazing Grace''
|Jong man
|Kortfilm
|-
|1999
|''Buddy Boy''
|Francis
|-
| rowspan="4" |2000
|''The Second Death''
|Biljartspeler
|Kortfilm
|-
|''The Low Down''
|Frank
|-
|''[[The Darkling]]''
|Jeff Obold
| rowspan="2" |TV-fliek
|-
|''[[Lorna Doone (2000 film)|Lorna Doone]]''
|Carver Doone
|-
| rowspan="2" |2001
|''My Kingdom''
|Barry Puttnam
|-
|''Robertson Major''
|William Robertson
|Kortfilm
|-
| rowspan="2" |2002
|''The Final Curtain''
|Dave Turner
|-
|''First Communion Day''
|Seamus
|TV-fliek
|-
| rowspan="3" |2003
|''Photo Finish''
|Joe Wilde
|-
|''[[Shanghai Knights]]''
|Lord Nelson Rathbone
|-
|''Burning the Bed''
|Stephen
|Kortfilm
|-
|2005
|''Walk Away and I Stumble''
|Paul
|TV-fliek
|-
|2006
|''Trouble with Sex''
|Conor
|-
|2008
|''[[Blackout (2008 film)|Blackout]]''
|Karl
|-
| rowspan="4" |2009
|''[[Freefall]]''
|Gus
|TV-fliek
|-
|''[[12 Rounds]]''
|Miles Jackson
|-
|''Spunkbubble''
|Dessie
|Kortfilm
|-
|''Runners''
|Terry
|Kortfilm
|-
|2010
|''Treacle Jr.''
|Aidan
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|''[[Wake Wood]]''
|Patrick Daley
|-
|''[[Blitz (film)|Blitz]]''
|Barry Weiss
|-
| rowspan="4" |2012
|''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]''
|CIA-agent
|-
|''[[Shadow Dancer]]''
|Gerry
|-
|''Ekki Múkk''
|Little One
|Kortfilm
|-
|''The Good Man''
|Michael
|-
| rowspan="5" |2013
|''The Dark Knight Returns: Part 2''
|The Joker
|Stemrol
|-
|''The Note''
|Lars
|Kortfilm
|-
|''Mister John''
|Gerry Devine
|-
|''Beneath the Harvest Sky''
|Clayton
|-
|''Song''
|Dan
|Kortfilm
|-
| rowspan="4" |2014
|''Calvary''
|Dr. Frank Harte
|-
|''Still''
|Carver
|-
|''Song''
|Dan
| rowspan="2" |Kortfilm
|-
|''Ambition'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2014-10/16/ambition-movie|title=Game of Thrones star takes lead in hard sci-fi 'Ambition' (Wired UK)|publisher=Wired}}</ref>
|Meester
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015
|''You're Ugly Too''
|Will
|-
|''Sing Street''
|Robert
|-
|''[[Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials]]''
|Janson/Rat Man
|-
|2017
|''[[King Arthur: Legend of the Sword]]''
|Goosefat Bill
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|''[[Maze Runner: The Death Cure]]''
|Janson/Rat Man
|-
|''[[Bohemian Rhapsody (film)|Bohemian Rhapsody]]''
|[[John Reid (bestuurder)|John Reid]]
|-
|2021
|''[[Those Who Wish Me Dead]]''
|Jack
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
| ''Barber''
|Val Barber
|-
| ''Dance First''
|[[James Joyce]]
|Verw.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/first-look-gabriel-byrne-as-samuel-beckett-in-james-marshs-biopic-dance-first-exclusive/5174188.article|title=First look: Gabriel Byrne as Samuel Beckett in James Marsh's biopic 'Dance First'|website=Screen Daily}}</ref>
|}
=== Televisie ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Jaar
!Titel
!Rol
!Notas
|-
|1990
|''The Play on One''
|Harry
|Episode: "Killing Time"
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
|''[[The Bill]]''
|Jeff Barratt
|Episode: "Play the Game"
|-
|''Screenplay''
|Gypo
|Episode: "Safe"
|-
|1994
|''In Suspicious Circumstances''
|James Crozier
|Episode: "To Encourage the Others"
|-
|1999–2000
|''[[Queer as Folk (Verenigde Koninkryk)|Queer as Folk]]''
|Stuart Alan Jones
|10 episodes
|-
|2001
|''Dice''
|Glenn Taylor
|2 episodes
|-
|2003
|''[[Agatha Christie's Poirot]]''
|Amyas Crale
|Episode: "[[Five Little Pigs]]"
|-
|2004–2008
|''[[The Wire]]''
|Thomas J. "Tommy" Carcetti
|35 episodes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005
|''[[Law & Order: Trial by Jury]]''
|Jimmy Colby
|Episode: "Vigilante"
|-
|''The Last Detective''
|Steve Fallon
|Episode: "Willesden Confidential"
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010
|''[[Thorne]]''
|Phil Hendricks
|6 episodes
|-
|''[[Identity]]''
|DI John Bloom
|6 episodes
|-
|2010–2011
|''[[Love/Hate (televisiereeks)|Love/Hate]]''
|John Boy Power
|10 episodes
|-
|2011–2017
|''[[Game of Thrones]]''
|[[Petyr Baelish|Petyr "Kleinvinger" Baelish]]
|41 episodes
|-
|2011
|''[[Other Voices]]''
|Homself
|Aanbieder
|-
|2013
|''[[Mayday (Britse minireeks)|Mayday]]''
|Everett Newcombe
|5 episodes
|-
|2014
|''Charlie''
|[[Charles Haughey|Charles J. Haughey]]
|3 episodes
|-
|2017
|''Urban Myths''
|[[Timothy Leary]]
|Episode: "Cary Grant and Timothy Leary"
|-
|2017-2019
|''[[Peaky Blinders]]''
|Aberama Gold
|10 episodes
|-
|2019-2020
|''[[Project Blue Book]]''
|[[J. Allen Hynek]]
|Hoofrol
|}
=== Videospeletjies ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Jaar
!Titel
!Rol
|-
|2016
|''[[Quantum Break]]''
|Paul Serene (stem en bewegingsopname)
|}
== Verwysings ==
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{commonskat|Aidan Gillen}}
* {{IMDB|0318821}}
* {{Dooie skakel|1=[http://www.allrovi.com/name/aidan-gillen-p199057?r=allmovie Aidan Gillen]|2=http://www.allrovi.com/name/aidan-gillen-p199057?r=allmovie|bot=InternetArchiveBot}} op [[Allrovi]] {{en}}
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1968]]
[[Kategorie:Wikipedia:Stukkende eksterne skakel]]
[[Kategorie:Mans]]
msfy4k9daacxj5p4muxh2wa08a8bi6o
2928769
2928768
2026-08-22T07:31:45Z
Rodolfo Arpena
213259
2928769
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Aidan Murphy''' ([[Dublin]]; 24 April 1968), bekend onder sy verhoognaam '''Aidan Gillen''', is 'n [[Ierland|Ierse]] [[akteur]] wat in [[rolprent]], [[teater]] en [[televisie]] gewerk het. Hy is bekend vir sy rolle as A.D Janson (Rat Man) in ''[[The Maze Runner (trilogie)|The Maze Runner]]'', Petyr Baelish "Kleinvinger" in ''[[Game of Thrones]]'', Thomas J. "Tommy" Carcetti in [[The Wire]], Aberama Gold in [[Peaky Blinders]] en Lord Nelson Rathbone in ''[[Shanghai Knights]]''. Hy was getroud met Olivia O'Flanagan en hulle het twee kinders: Berry en Joe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2009/jul/14/aidan-gillen-freefall-television|title=Aidan Gillen: I'm less bothered about playing disgusting or flawed people|author=Jeffries, Stuart|date=14 Julie 2009|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=|language=Engels|accessdate=15 Mei 2011}}</ref>
== Filmografie ==
=== Rolprente ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Jaar
!Titel
!Rol
!Notas
|-
|1985
|''The Drip''
|Jong seun
|Kortfilm
|-
|1987
|''The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne''
|Jong man in die drankwinkel
| rowspan="2" |Gekrediteer as Aidan Murphy
|-
|1988
|''The Courier''
|Seun
|-
|1992
|''[[An Ungentlemanly Act]]''
|Matroos Wilcox
| rowspan="3" |[[TV-fliek]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
|''A Handful of Stars''
|Tony
|-
|''Belfry''
|Dominic
|-
|1995
|''[[Circle of Friends]]''
|Aidan Lynch
|-
|1996
|''[[Some Mother's Son]]''
|Gerard Quigley
|-
|1997
|''[[Mojo (film)|Mojo]]''
|Baby
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998
|''Gold in the Streets''
|Paddy
|-
|''Amazing Grace''
|Jong man
|Kortfilm
|-
|1999
|''Buddy Boy''
|Francis
|-
| rowspan="4" |2000
|''The Second Death''
|Biljartspeler
|Kortfilm
|-
|''The Low Down''
|Frank
|-
|''[[The Darkling]]''
|Jeff Obold
| rowspan="2" |TV-fliek
|-
|''[[Lorna Doone (2000 film)|Lorna Doone]]''
|Carver Doone
|-
| rowspan="2" |2001
|''My Kingdom''
|Barry Puttnam
|-
|''Robertson Major''
|William Robertson
|Kortfilm
|-
| rowspan="2" |2002
|''The Final Curtain''
|Dave Turner
|-
|''First Communion Day''
|Seamus
|TV-fliek
|-
| rowspan="3" |2003
|''Photo Finish''
|Joe Wilde
|-
|''[[Shanghai Knights]]''
|Lord Nelson Rathbone
|-
|''Burning the Bed''
|Stephen
|Kortfilm
|-
|2005
|''Walk Away and I Stumble''
|Paul
|TV-fliek
|-
|2006
|''Trouble with Sex''
|Conor
|-
|2008
|''[[Blackout (2008 film)|Blackout]]''
|Karl
|-
| rowspan="4" |2009
|''[[Freefall]]''
|Gus
|TV-fliek
|-
|''[[12 Rounds]]''
|Miles Jackson
|-
|''Spunkbubble''
|Dessie
|Kortfilm
|-
|''Runners''
|Terry
|Kortfilm
|-
|2010
|''Treacle Jr.''
|Aidan
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|''[[Wake Wood]]''
|Patrick Daley
|-
|''[[Blitz (film)|Blitz]]''
|Barry Weiss
|-
| rowspan="4" |2012
|''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]''
|CIA-agent
|-
|''[[Shadow Dancer]]''
|Gerry
|-
|''Ekki Múkk''
|Little One
|Kortfilm
|-
|''The Good Man''
|Michael
|-
| rowspan="5" |2013
|''The Dark Knight Returns: Part 2''
|The Joker
|Stemrol
|-
|''The Note''
|Lars
|Kortfilm
|-
|''Mister John''
|Gerry Devine
|-
|''Beneath the Harvest Sky''
|Clayton
|-
|''Song''
|Dan
|Kortfilm
|-
| rowspan="4" |2014
|''Calvary''
|Dr. Frank Harte
|-
|''Still''
|Carver
|-
|''Song''
|Dan
| rowspan="2" |Kortfilm
|-
|''Ambition'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2014-10/16/ambition-movie|title=Game of Thrones star takes lead in hard sci-fi 'Ambition' (Wired UK)|publisher=Wired}}</ref>
|Meester
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015
|''You're Ugly Too''
|Will
|-
|''Sing Street''
|Robert
|-
|''[[Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials]]''
|Janson/Rat Man
|-
|2017
|''[[King Arthur: Legend of the Sword]]''
|Goosefat Bill
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|''[[Maze Runner: The Death Cure]]''
|Janson/Rat Man
|-
|''[[Bohemian Rhapsody (film)|Bohemian Rhapsody]]''
|[[John Reid (bestuurder)|John Reid]]
|-
|2021
|''[[Those Who Wish Me Dead]]''
|Jack
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
| ''Barber''
|Val Barber
|-
| ''Dance First''
|[[James Joyce]]
|Verw.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/first-look-gabriel-byrne-as-samuel-beckett-in-james-marshs-biopic-dance-first-exclusive/5174188.article|title=First look: Gabriel Byrne as Samuel Beckett in James Marsh's biopic 'Dance First'|website=Screen Daily}}</ref>
|}
=== Televisie ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Jaar
!Titel
!Rol
!Notas
|-
|1990
|''The Play on One''
|Harry
|Episode: "Killing Time"
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
|''[[The Bill]]''
|Jeff Barratt
|Episode: "Play the Game"
|-
|''Screenplay''
|Gypo
|Episode: "Safe"
|-
|1994
|''In Suspicious Circumstances''
|James Crozier
|Episode: "To Encourage the Others"
|-
|1999–2000
|''[[Queer as Folk (Verenigde Koninkryk)|Queer as Folk]]''
|Stuart Alan Jones
|10 episodes
|-
|2001
|''Dice''
|Glenn Taylor
|2 episodes
|-
|2003
|''[[Agatha Christie's Poirot]]''
|Amyas Crale
|Episode: "[[Five Little Pigs]]"
|-
|2004–2008
|''[[The Wire]]''
|Thomas J. "Tommy" Carcetti
|35 episodes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005
|''[[Law & Order: Trial by Jury]]''
|Jimmy Colby
|Episode: "Vigilante"
|-
|''The Last Detective''
|Steve Fallon
|Episode: "Willesden Confidential"
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010
|''[[Thorne]]''
|Phil Hendricks
|6 episodes
|-
|''[[Identity]]''
|DI John Bloom
|6 episodes
|-
|2010–2011
|''[[Love/Hate (televisiereeks)|Love/Hate]]''
|John Boy Power
|10 episodes
|-
|2011–2017
|''[[Game of Thrones]]''
|[[Petyr Baelish|Petyr "Kleinvinger" Baelish]]
|41 episodes
|-
|2011
|''[[Other Voices]]''
|Homself
|Aanbieder
|-
|2013
|''[[Mayday (Britse minireeks)|Mayday]]''
|Everett Newcombe
|5 episodes
|-
|2014
|''Charlie''
|[[Charles Haughey|Charles J. Haughey]]
|3 episodes
|-
|2017
|''Urban Myths''
|[[Timothy Leary]]
|Episode: "Cary Grant and Timothy Leary"
|-
|2017-2019
|''[[Peaky Blinders]]''
|Aberama Gold
|10 episodes
|-
|2019-2020
|''[[Project Blue Book]]''
|[[J. Allen Hynek]]
|Hoofrol
|}
=== Videospeletjies ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Jaar
!Titel
!Rol
|-
|2016
|''[[Quantum Break]]''
|Paul Serene (stem en bewegingsopname)
|}
== Verwysings ==
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{commonskat|Aidan Gillen}}
* {{IMDB|0318821}}
* {{Dooie skakel|1=[http://www.allrovi.com/name/aidan-gillen-p199057?r=allmovie Aidan Gillen]|2=http://www.allrovi.com/name/aidan-gillen-p199057?r=allmovie|bot=InternetArchiveBot}} op [[Allrovi]] {{en}}
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1968]]
[[Kategorie:Wikipedia:Stukkende eksterne skakel]]
[[Kategorie:Mans]]
q113s4no9h8p5xeootxjhhinbzqnizm
2928813
2928769
2026-08-22T10:39:46Z
~2026-45494-72
213143
Geen bronnelys
2928813
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{geen bronnelys}}
'''Aidan Murphy''' ([[Dublin]]; 24 April 1968), bekend onder sy verhoognaam '''Aidan Gillen''', is 'n [[Ierland|Ierse]] [[akteur]] wat in [[rolprent]], [[teater]] en [[televisie]] gewerk het. Hy is bekend vir sy rolle as A.D Janson (Rat Man) in ''[[The Maze Runner (trilogie)|The Maze Runner]]'', Petyr Baelish "Kleinvinger" in ''[[Game of Thrones]]'', Thomas J. "Tommy" Carcetti in [[The Wire]], Aberama Gold in [[Peaky Blinders]] en Lord Nelson Rathbone in ''[[Shanghai Knights]]''. Hy was getroud met Olivia O'Flanagan en hulle het twee kinders: Berry en Joe.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2009/jul/14/aidan-gillen-freefall-television|title=Aidan Gillen: I'm less bothered about playing disgusting or flawed people|author=Jeffries, Stuart|date=14 Julie 2009|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=|language=Engels|accessdate=15 Mei 2011}}</ref>
== Filmografie ==
=== Rolprente ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Jaar
!Titel
!Rol
!Notas
|-
|1985
|''The Drip''
|Jong seun
|Kortfilm
|-
|1987
|''The Lonely Passion of Judith Hearne''
|Jong man in die drankwinkel
| rowspan="2" |Gekrediteer as Aidan Murphy
|-
|1988
|''The Courier''
|Seun
|-
|1992
|''[[An Ungentlemanly Act]]''
|Matroos Wilcox
| rowspan="3" |[[TV-fliek]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
|''A Handful of Stars''
|Tony
|-
|''Belfry''
|Dominic
|-
|1995
|''[[Circle of Friends]]''
|Aidan Lynch
|-
|1996
|''[[Some Mother's Son]]''
|Gerard Quigley
|-
|1997
|''[[Mojo (film)|Mojo]]''
|Baby
|-
| rowspan="2" |1998
|''Gold in the Streets''
|Paddy
|-
|''Amazing Grace''
|Jong man
|Kortfilm
|-
|1999
|''Buddy Boy''
|Francis
|-
| rowspan="4" |2000
|''The Second Death''
|Biljartspeler
|Kortfilm
|-
|''The Low Down''
|Frank
|-
|''[[The Darkling]]''
|Jeff Obold
| rowspan="2" |TV-fliek
|-
|''[[Lorna Doone (2000 film)|Lorna Doone]]''
|Carver Doone
|-
| rowspan="2" |2001
|''My Kingdom''
|Barry Puttnam
|-
|''Robertson Major''
|William Robertson
|Kortfilm
|-
| rowspan="2" |2002
|''The Final Curtain''
|Dave Turner
|-
|''First Communion Day''
|Seamus
|TV-fliek
|-
| rowspan="3" |2003
|''Photo Finish''
|Joe Wilde
|-
|''[[Shanghai Knights]]''
|Lord Nelson Rathbone
|-
|''Burning the Bed''
|Stephen
|Kortfilm
|-
|2005
|''Walk Away and I Stumble''
|Paul
|TV-fliek
|-
|2006
|''Trouble with Sex''
|Conor
|-
|2008
|''[[Blackout (2008 film)|Blackout]]''
|Karl
|-
| rowspan="4" |2009
|''[[Freefall]]''
|Gus
|TV-fliek
|-
|''[[12 Rounds]]''
|Miles Jackson
|-
|''Spunkbubble''
|Dessie
|Kortfilm
|-
|''Runners''
|Terry
|Kortfilm
|-
|2010
|''Treacle Jr.''
|Aidan
|-
| rowspan="2" |2011
|''[[Wake Wood]]''
|Patrick Daley
|-
|''[[Blitz (film)|Blitz]]''
|Barry Weiss
|-
| rowspan="4" |2012
|''[[The Dark Knight Rises]]''
|CIA-agent
|-
|''[[Shadow Dancer]]''
|Gerry
|-
|''Ekki Múkk''
|Little One
|Kortfilm
|-
|''The Good Man''
|Michael
|-
| rowspan="5" |2013
|''The Dark Knight Returns: Part 2''
|The Joker
|Stemrol
|-
|''The Note''
|Lars
|Kortfilm
|-
|''Mister John''
|Gerry Devine
|-
|''Beneath the Harvest Sky''
|Clayton
|-
|''Song''
|Dan
|Kortfilm
|-
| rowspan="4" |2014
|''Calvary''
|Dr. Frank Harte
|-
|''Still''
|Carver
|-
|''Song''
|Dan
| rowspan="2" |Kortfilm
|-
|''Ambition'' <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2014-10/16/ambition-movie|title=Game of Thrones star takes lead in hard sci-fi 'Ambition' (Wired UK)|publisher=Wired}}</ref>
|Meester
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015
|''You're Ugly Too''
|Will
|-
|''Sing Street''
|Robert
|-
|''[[Maze Runner: The Scorch Trials]]''
|Janson/Rat Man
|-
|2017
|''[[King Arthur: Legend of the Sword]]''
|Goosefat Bill
|-
| rowspan="2" |2018
|''[[Maze Runner: The Death Cure]]''
|Janson/Rat Man
|-
|''[[Bohemian Rhapsody (film)|Bohemian Rhapsody]]''
|[[John Reid (bestuurder)|John Reid]]
|-
|2021
|''[[Those Who Wish Me Dead]]''
|Jack
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
| ''Barber''
|Val Barber
|-
| ''Dance First''
|[[James Joyce]]
|Verw.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/first-look-gabriel-byrne-as-samuel-beckett-in-james-marshs-biopic-dance-first-exclusive/5174188.article|title=First look: Gabriel Byrne as Samuel Beckett in James Marsh's biopic 'Dance First'|website=Screen Daily}}</ref>
|}
=== Televisie ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Jaar
!Titel
!Rol
!Notas
|-
|1990
|''The Play on One''
|Harry
|Episode: "Killing Time"
|-
| rowspan="2" |1993
|''[[The Bill]]''
|Jeff Barratt
|Episode: "Play the Game"
|-
|''Screenplay''
|Gypo
|Episode: "Safe"
|-
|1994
|''In Suspicious Circumstances''
|James Crozier
|Episode: "To Encourage the Others"
|-
|1999–2000
|''[[Queer as Folk (Verenigde Koninkryk)|Queer as Folk]]''
|Stuart Alan Jones
|10 episodes
|-
|2001
|''Dice''
|Glenn Taylor
|2 episodes
|-
|2003
|''[[Agatha Christie's Poirot]]''
|Amyas Crale
|Episode: "[[Five Little Pigs]]"
|-
|2004–2008
|''[[The Wire]]''
|Thomas J. "Tommy" Carcetti
|35 episodes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005
|''[[Law & Order: Trial by Jury]]''
|Jimmy Colby
|Episode: "Vigilante"
|-
|''The Last Detective''
|Steve Fallon
|Episode: "Willesden Confidential"
|-
| rowspan="2" |2010
|''[[Thorne]]''
|Phil Hendricks
|6 episodes
|-
|''[[Identity]]''
|DI John Bloom
|6 episodes
|-
|2010–2011
|''[[Love/Hate (televisiereeks)|Love/Hate]]''
|John Boy Power
|10 episodes
|-
|2011–2017
|''[[Game of Thrones]]''
|[[Petyr Baelish|Petyr "Kleinvinger" Baelish]]
|41 episodes
|-
|2011
|''[[Other Voices]]''
|Homself
|Aanbieder
|-
|2013
|''[[Mayday (Britse minireeks)|Mayday]]''
|Everett Newcombe
|5 episodes
|-
|2014
|''Charlie''
|[[Charles Haughey|Charles J. Haughey]]
|3 episodes
|-
|2017
|''Urban Myths''
|[[Timothy Leary]]
|Episode: "Cary Grant and Timothy Leary"
|-
|2017-2019
|''[[Peaky Blinders]]''
|Aberama Gold
|10 episodes
|-
|2019-2020
|''[[Project Blue Book]]''
|[[J. Allen Hynek]]
|Hoofrol
|}
=== Videospeletjies ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Jaar
!Titel
!Rol
|-
|2016
|''[[Quantum Break]]''
|Paul Serene (stem en bewegingsopname)
|}
== Verwysings ==
== Eksterne skakels ==
{{commonskat|Aidan Gillen}}
* {{IMDB|0318821}}
* {{Dooie skakel|1=[http://www.allrovi.com/name/aidan-gillen-p199057?r=allmovie Aidan Gillen]|2=http://www.allrovi.com/name/aidan-gillen-p199057?r=allmovie|bot=InternetArchiveBot}} op [[Allrovi]] {{en}}
[[Kategorie:Lewende mense]]
[[Kategorie:Geboortes in 1968]]
[[Kategorie:Wikipedia:Stukkende eksterne skakel]]
[[Kategorie:Mans]]
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Brian Kinney
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2928770
2026-08-22T07:36:28Z
Rodolfo Arpena
213259
Geskep deur die bladsy "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370220928|Brian Kinney]]" te vertaal
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{{Inligtingskas Karakter|name=Brian Kinney}}
'''Brian A. Kinney''' is 'n fiktiewe karakter uit die [[Verenigde State|Amerikaanse]]/[[Kanada|Kanadese]] [[Showtime (TV-netwerk)|Showtime]] televisiereeks ''[[Queer as Folk (2000 TV-reeks)|Queer as Folk]]'', 'n drama oor die lewens van 'n groep [[gay mans]] en [[lesbiërs]] wat in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsilvanië]] woon.<ref name="Pittsburgh">{{cite magazine|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid04245.asp|title=Gay Pittsburgh not exactly like what you see on Queer As Folk|date=May 6, 2004|magazine=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060617020811/http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid04245.asp|archivedate=2006-06-17}}</ref> Die karakter is geskep deur [[Ron Cowen]] en [[Daniel Lipman]], wat die reeks ontwikkel, geskryf en as uitvoerende vervaardigers gedien het, en is vertolk deur die Amerikaanse akteur [[Gale Harold]] gedurende die reeks se vyfjaarlange lopie.
Aantreklik en manlik, Brian is 'n suksesvolle advertensiebestuurder wat 'n luukse Pittsburgh [[solder]] besit en 'n glamourvolle en selfsugtige lewenstyl lei. Hy word uitgebeeld as uiters [[Promiskuïteit|promisku]]<ref name="NY Times 1">{{cite news|author=Weinraub, Bernard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/20/arts/cable-tv-shatters-another-taboo-new-showtime-series-will-focus-gay-sexuality.html?pagewanted=1|title=Cable TV Shatters Another Taboo; A New Showtime Series Will Focus on Gay Sexuality|date=November 20, 2000|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> en [[Narcisme|narsisties]],<ref name="NY Times 2">{{cite news|author=Tommasini, Anthony|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/14/arts/television-radio-looking-for-a-breakthrough-you-ll-have-to-wait.html?sq=queer+as+fok&scp=44&st=cse|title=Looking For A Breakthrough? You'll Have To Wait|date=January 14, 2001|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> en is trots op sy voorkoms en sy status as die mees begeerlike man op Pittsburgh se Liberty Avenue.<ref name="NY Times 2" /> Brian verwerp [[heteronormatiwiteit]] heeltemal, waarbinne hy [[gay huwelik]] en [[monogamie]] insluit.<ref name="Critical Thinking">{{cite book |last=Galician |first=Mary-Lou |title=Critical Thinking About Sex, Love and Romance in the Mass Media |author2=Merskin, Debra |publisher=Laurence Earlbaum Associates, Inc. |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8058-5616-3 |location=Mahwah, New Jersey |pages=195–200}}</ref> Sy storielyne in die reeks draai om sy weiering om aan hierdie ideale te voldoen, wat hom dikwels in stryd plaas met sy gay vriende wat daarna smag om te trou en hul eie gesinne te begin. Ten spyte van sy gevoelens, verwek Brian 'n kind via [[kunsmatige inseminasie]] met sy goeie vriendin [[Lys van Queer as Folk-karakters#Lindsay Peterson|Lindsay]], 'n lesbiër, en ontwikkel uiteindelik 'n romantiese en seksuele verhouding met die jong kunstenaar [[Justin Taylor]], wat sentraal in die reeks is.
Brian was die onderwerp van kontroversie onder [[LGBTQ]]-kritici van die reeks. Hy is beskryf as "die uiteindelike gay held" vir sy [[Gay bevryding|bevrydingsfilosofie]],<ref name="Queer Wars">{{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Paul |title=Queer Wars: The New Gay Right and Its Critics |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-226-72186-6 |location=Chicago, IL |pages=96}}</ref> maar is ook gekritiseer vir sy voorstelling van wat baie gay kykers glo "negatiewe stereotipes oor gay mans" is.<ref name="AfterElton">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afterelton.com/people/2007/11/top25gayTVcharacters?page=0%2C11|title=Readers' Choice: The Top 25 Gay TV Characters Revealed!|publisher=AfterElton.com}}</ref> In November 2007 is Brian aangewys as die gewildste gay televisie-karakter van alle tye deur [[AfterEllen.com|AfterEllen]] se susterwebwerf, AfterElton.<ref name="AfterElton" /><ref name="AfterElton 2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afterelton.com/TV/encyclopedia/gaytvcharacters/queerasfolk/briankinney|title=Queer As Folk (US) - Brian Kinney|publisher=AfterElton.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214061329/http://www.afterelton.com/TV/encyclopedia/gaytvcharacters/queerasfolk/briankinney|archivedate=2008-12-14|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Agtergrond en persoonlikheid ==
Brian Kinney is gebore aan Jack en Joan Kinney in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsilvanië]]. Sy familie was [[Iers-Katoliek]], met sy ma wat veral uiters godsdienstig en [[homofobies]] was. Brian het 'n onstabiele kinderjare gehad as gevolg van sy pa wat 'n mishandelende [[alkoholis]] was. Brian is deur sy pa fisies mishandel gedurende sy kinderjare en tienerjare; dit is onduidelik of Jack ook mishandelend was teenoor Brian se ouer suster, Claire. Gedurende sy hoërskooldae het Brian die mishandeling in sy huis ontsnap deur by sy beste vriend, Michael Novotny, te bly, wie se ma, Debbie Novotny, uiteindelik Brian soos 'n ander seun begin behandel het. Na hoërskool het Brian 'n volle beurs na Carnegie Mellon ontvang, waar hy [[advertensie]] studeer het. Dit is daar dat hy 'n ander goeie vriendin ontmoet, Lindsay Peterson, wat 'n [[kunsgeskiedenis]]-klas met hom deel.
Alhoewel Brian openlik oor sy seksualiteit is met Michael en Debbie en hoogs seksueel aktief was gedurende sy tienerjare, kom Brian eers [[Uit die kas|uit]] by sy ouers wanneer hy reeds volwasse is. Brian het gesê dat hy niks aan sy ouers verskuldig is nie; hy het gekies om nie sy seksualiteit vroeër aan hulle te openbaar nie omdat hy min verhouding met hulle het. Hy vertel dit egter uiteindelik aan sy pa op sy sterfbed, en sy ma kom per ongeluk agter nadat sy [[Justin Taylor]] in Brian se slaapkamer sien tydens 'n besoek aan sy solder. Beide ouers se reaksies is oorweldigend negatief.
Brian se grootste vrees is om sy jeug en skoonheid te verloor. Sy beste vriend, Michael, verseker hom dikwels dat hy "altyd jonk en altyd mooi sal wees." Lindsay, 'n suster-agtige figuur vir Brian, noem hom soms liefdevol 'Peter', na verwysing na Peter Pan, die seun wat nooit oud word nie; hy noem haar 'Wendy' in ruil. In een episode beskryf Emmett Honeycutt se bejaarde kêrel George Shickle Brian as "die liefdeskind van [[James Dean]] en [[Ayn Rand]]."
Ten spyte van Brian se oënskynlik onbesorgde en amorale aard, word getoon dat hy sy vriende liefhet en dikwels groot opofferings vir hulle sal maak, al sal hy dit nie erken nie. Hy beplan 'n troue vir Lindsay en Melanie nadat hulne uitmekaar geval het, en gee sy ouerlike regte aan sy jong seun Gus prys sodat Melanie en Lindsay in die eerste seisoen sal herenig. Hy stoot Michael weg sodat hy na sy kêrel sal terugkeer. Hy help sy jong minnaar Justin herstel ná 'n aanval by sy senior bal, wat Brian bygewoon het om Justin te behaag. Hy gee sy werk en geld prys om die anti-gay kandidaat vir burgemeester, Jim Stockwell, te verslaan en is bereid om sy solder en nagklub prys te gee om by Justin te wees in die laaste episodes.
== Oorsig ==
In die [[Loodsepisode|pilot]], sien Brian Kinney die 17-jarige Justin Taylor op 'n straathoek buite die gay nagklub Babylon. Hy neem Justin huis toe en neem sy [[maagdelikheid]]. In dieselfde episode word sy seun, Gus, gebore aan 'n [[lesbiese]] paartjie, Lindsey en Melanie. As gevolg van die gelyktydigheid van hierdie twee belangrike gebeurtenisse, assosieer Brian dikwels Gus met Justin, en verwys na albei as "sonny boy," Jack se bynaam vir Brian self. Gedurende die eerste seisoen is sy verhouding met Justin onduidelik. Brian haat die idee van paartjies maar breek sy eie reëls vir Justin, onbekwaam om die aantrekkingskrag wat hy voel teenoor hom te weerstaan. Hy sorg op verskillende maniere vir hom: laat hom in sy solder intrek nadat Justin uit sy ouerhuis geskop is, gaan agter hom aan na NYC nadat hy weghardloop, betaal sy kollegegeld, en raad aan hom oor skool situasies – dus deur sy optrede, sy eie mondelinge verklarings dat hy hom nie rond wil hê nie, herhaaldelik weerspreek.
Nadat hy Justin se prom-aanval aanskou het, is Brian [[Psigologiese trauma|getraumatiseer]]. Niemand, behalwe Jennifer Taylor en die verpleegpersoneel, weet dat Brian elke nag vir weke lange wag hou buite Justin se hospitaalkamer nie. Met Justin se vrylating uit die hospitaal, verbied Jennifer Brian om Justin te sien maar vra hom later om haar seun te 'neem', want Brian is die enigste een wat hy vertrou. Gedurende die tweede seisoen help Brian Justin herstel, beide fisies en emosioneel. Justin konfronteer Brian deur te vra of die rede dat hy steeds by Brian woon is omdat hy skuldig voel. Brian sê dat skuld die rede was waarom hy Justin ingeneem het, maar dit is nie die rede waarom hy hom wil laat bly nie. Om Brian se promiskuïteit te beperk en homself te beskerm, stel Justin 'n paar reëls. Justin breek later die reëls met die meer romantiese Ethan Gold, en Brian sê vir Justin om te besluit met wie hy wil wees. Brian is seergemaak wanneer Justin hom verlaat om by Ethan te wees, maar sal dit nie erken nie. Ten spyte van sy uiterlik afsydige aard, is Brian se eensaamheid duidelik aan die begin van die derde seisoen.
Gedurende die derde seisoen kom Brian se sukses as advertensiebestuurder in stryd met sy oortuigings wanneer hy gevra word om die burgemeestersveldtog van Jim Stockwell, die konserwatiewe, anti-gay polisiehoof, te lei. Alhoewel hy aanvanklik instrumenteel is in die kandidaat se opkoms, herenig Brian later met Justin en het 'n gewetenskrisis, wat Justin help om anti-Stockwell propaganda-plakkate te vervaardig en te versprei. Op heter daad betrap, verloor hy sy posisie by beide die veldtog en die advertensie-agentskap. Ten spyte van sy gebrek aan inkomste, maksimeer Brian al sy kredietkaarte om televisie-advertensies te koop wat Stockwell se vorige wandade blootlê, wat direk lei tot sy nederlaag in die burgemeestersverkiesing. Wanneer sy vriende uitvind dat Brian die advertensies persoonlik gefinansier het en nou werkloos is en in 'n groot skuld, hou hulle 'n fondsinsameling, waarvan die opbrengs Brian aanvanklik weerstaan om te aanvaar, maar uiteindelik met grasie doen. In die vierde seisoen stig hy sy eie advertensie-agentskap, Kinnetik. Hy veg teen [[testikulêre kanker]], veral moeilik as gevolg van sy ydelheid en narcisme oor sy seksuele bekwaamheid, en hy probeer – onsuksesvol – om sy diagnose en behandeling geheim te hou vir almal. Nadat hy kanker oorwin en 'n fietsrit van [[Toronto]] na [[Pittsburgh]] voltooi het, herevalueer Brian sy lewe en besluit om 'n meer aktiewe rol in sy seun se lewe te neem en Justin te vra om weer in te trek.
In die vyfde seisoen trek Justin uit, gefrustreerd oor Brian se onvermoë om 'n toegewyde verhouding te vorm, waarvoor Brian sy beste vriend, Michael, blameer. Nadat 'n bom by Babylon afgaan, wat Brian in hierdie seisoen besit, erken Brian sy liefde vir Justin en herstel sy verhouding met Michael. Brian stel voor om met Justin te trou, wat uiteindelik aanvaar. Brian vertel later vir Justin dat hy na New York moet gaan om 'n belowende kunslopies te volg, eerder as om 'n geleentheid prys te gee. Hulle spandeer een laaste nag saam voordat Justin vertrek. Justin verseker Brian dat hulle mekaar gereeld sal sien. Brian word gesien by die vernietigde Babylon terwyl hy met Michael dans. Terwyl die kamera om hulle draai, begin die vernietigde klub egter in 'n herstelde Babylon verander, wat daarop dui dat Brian heroorweeg het en Babylon sal heropen. Hy word laaste gesien terwyl hy dans, voordat die krediete begin rol.
nh586ccfxzqlpxubmc7bbjp2b7xebve
2928771
2928770
2026-08-22T07:37:24Z
Rodolfo Arpena
213259
2928771
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Inligtingskas Karakter
| name = Brian Kinney
| series = [[Queer as Folk (2000 TV-reeks)|Queer as Folk]]
| image = BrianKinney.jpg
| first = [[Lys van Queer as Folk-episodes#ep1|Seisoen 1, Episode 1]]
| last = [[Lys van Queer as Folk-episodes#ep83|Seisoen 5, Episode 13]]
| creator = [[Ron Cowen]] <br>[[Daniel Lipman]]
| portrayer = [[Gale Harold]]
| lbl1 = [[Queer as Folk (UK TV-reeks)|Britse eweknie]]
| data1 = Stuart Alan Jones ([[Aidan Gillen]])
| nickname = Sonny Boy (deur sy pa)
| occupation = [[Hoof uitvoerende beampte]] ([[Advertensie|Kinnetik]]) <br>[[Nagklub]] [[Entrepreneur|eienaar]] ([[Gay klub|Babylon]]) <br>'''Voorheen:''' <br>[[Advertensie|Advertensiebestuurder]] (Ryder) <br>[[Vennootskap|Vennoot]] (Vanguard)
| gender = Manlik
| title = [[Hoof uitvoerende beampte|HUB]] van Kinnetik <br>Eienaar van Babylon
| family = Jack Kinney <br>(pa; oorlede) <br>Joan Kinney <br>(ma; vervreem) <br>Claire Kinney <br>(ouer suster; vervreem) <br>John en Peter <br>(nefies, via Claire; vervreem)
| children = Gus Peterson-Marcus <br>(biologiese seun, met [[Lindsay Peterson|Lindsay]])
| significant_other = [[Justin Taylor]] <br>(lewensmaat)
}}
'''Brian A. Kinney''' is 'n fiktiewe karakter uit die [[Verenigde State|Amerikaanse]]/[[Kanada|Kanadese]] [[Showtime (TV-netwerk)|Showtime]] televisiereeks ''[[Queer as Folk (2000 TV-reeks)|Queer as Folk]]'', 'n drama oor die lewens van 'n groep [[gay mans]] en [[lesbiërs]] wat in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsilvanië]] woon.<ref name="Pittsburgh">{{cite magazine|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid04245.asp|title=Gay Pittsburgh not exactly like what you see on Queer As Folk|date=May 6, 2004|magazine=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060617020811/http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid04245.asp|archivedate=2006-06-17}}</ref> Die karakter is geskep deur [[Ron Cowen]] en [[Daniel Lipman]], wat die reeks ontwikkel, geskryf en as uitvoerende vervaardigers gedien het, en is vertolk deur die Amerikaanse akteur [[Gale Harold]] gedurende die reeks se vyfjaarlange lopie.
Aantreklik en manlik, Brian is 'n suksesvolle advertensiebestuurder wat 'n luukse Pittsburgh [[solder]] besit en 'n glamourvolle en selfsugtige lewenstyl lei. Hy word uitgebeeld as uiters [[Promiskuïteit|promisku]]<ref name="NY Times 1">{{cite news|author=Weinraub, Bernard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/20/arts/cable-tv-shatters-another-taboo-new-showtime-series-will-focus-gay-sexuality.html?pagewanted=1|title=Cable TV Shatters Another Taboo; A New Showtime Series Will Focus on Gay Sexuality|date=November 20, 2000|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> en [[Narcisme|narsisties]],<ref name="NY Times 2">{{cite news|author=Tommasini, Anthony|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/14/arts/television-radio-looking-for-a-breakthrough-you-ll-have-to-wait.html?sq=queer+as+fok&scp=44&st=cse|title=Looking For A Breakthrough? You'll Have To Wait|date=January 14, 2001|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> en is trots op sy voorkoms en sy status as die mees begeerlike man op Pittsburgh se Liberty Avenue.<ref name="NY Times 2" /> Brian verwerp [[heteronormatiwiteit]] heeltemal, waarbinne hy [[gay huwelik]] en [[monogamie]] insluit.<ref name="Critical Thinking">{{cite book |last=Galician |first=Mary-Lou |title=Critical Thinking About Sex, Love and Romance in the Mass Media |author2=Merskin, Debra |publisher=Laurence Earlbaum Associates, Inc. |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8058-5616-3 |location=Mahwah, New Jersey |pages=195–200}}</ref> Sy storielyne in die reeks draai om sy weiering om aan hierdie ideale te voldoen, wat hom dikwels in stryd plaas met sy gay vriende wat daarna smag om te trou en hul eie gesinne te begin. Ten spyte van sy gevoelens, verwek Brian 'n kind via [[kunsmatige inseminasie]] met sy goeie vriendin [[Lys van Queer as Folk-karakters#Lindsay Peterson|Lindsay]], 'n lesbiër, en ontwikkel uiteindelik 'n romantiese en seksuele verhouding met die jong kunstenaar [[Justin Taylor]], wat sentraal in die reeks is.
Brian was die onderwerp van kontroversie onder [[LGBTQ]]-kritici van die reeks. Hy is beskryf as "die uiteindelike gay held" vir sy [[Gay bevryding|bevrydingsfilosofie]],<ref name="Queer Wars">{{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Paul |title=Queer Wars: The New Gay Right and Its Critics |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-226-72186-6 |location=Chicago, IL |pages=96}}</ref> maar is ook gekritiseer vir sy voorstelling van wat baie gay kykers glo "negatiewe stereotipes oor gay mans" is.<ref name="AfterElton">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afterelton.com/people/2007/11/top25gayTVcharacters?page=0%2C11|title=Readers' Choice: The Top 25 Gay TV Characters Revealed!|publisher=AfterElton.com}}</ref> In November 2007 is Brian aangewys as die gewildste gay televisie-karakter van alle tye deur [[AfterEllen.com|AfterEllen]] se susterwebwerf, AfterElton.<ref name="AfterElton" /><ref name="AfterElton 2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afterelton.com/TV/encyclopedia/gaytvcharacters/queerasfolk/briankinney|title=Queer As Folk (US) - Brian Kinney|publisher=AfterElton.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214061329/http://www.afterelton.com/TV/encyclopedia/gaytvcharacters/queerasfolk/briankinney|archivedate=2008-12-14|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Agtergrond en persoonlikheid ==
Brian Kinney is gebore aan Jack en Joan Kinney in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsilvanië]]. Sy familie was [[Iers-Katoliek]], met sy ma wat veral uiters godsdienstig en [[homofobies]] was. Brian het 'n onstabiele kinderjare gehad as gevolg van sy pa wat 'n mishandelende [[alkoholis]] was. Brian is deur sy pa fisies mishandel gedurende sy kinderjare en tienerjare; dit is onduidelik of Jack ook mishandelend was teenoor Brian se ouer suster, Claire. Gedurende sy hoërskooldae het Brian die mishandeling in sy huis ontsnap deur by sy beste vriend, Michael Novotny, te bly, wie se ma, Debbie Novotny, uiteindelik Brian soos 'n ander seun begin behandel het. Na hoërskool het Brian 'n volle beurs na Carnegie Mellon ontvang, waar hy [[advertensie]] studeer het. Dit is daar dat hy 'n ander goeie vriendin ontmoet, Lindsay Peterson, wat 'n [[kunsgeskiedenis]]-klas met hom deel.
Alhoewel Brian openlik oor sy seksualiteit is met Michael en Debbie en hoogs seksueel aktief was gedurende sy tienerjare, kom Brian eers [[Uit die kas|uit]] by sy ouers wanneer hy reeds volwasse is. Brian het gesê dat hy niks aan sy ouers verskuldig is nie; hy het gekies om nie sy seksualiteit vroeër aan hulle te openbaar nie omdat hy min verhouding met hulle het. Hy vertel dit egter uiteindelik aan sy pa op sy sterfbed, en sy ma kom per ongeluk agter nadat sy [[Justin Taylor]] in Brian se slaapkamer sien tydens 'n besoek aan sy solder. Beide ouers se reaksies is oorweldigend negatief.
Brian se grootste vrees is om sy jeug en skoonheid te verloor. Sy beste vriend, Michael, verseker hom dikwels dat hy "altyd jonk en altyd mooi sal wees." Lindsay, 'n suster-agtige figuur vir Brian, noem hom soms liefdevol 'Peter', na verwysing na Peter Pan, die seun wat nooit oud word nie; hy noem haar 'Wendy' in ruil. In een episode beskryf Emmett Honeycutt se bejaarde kêrel George Shickle Brian as "die liefdeskind van [[James Dean]] en [[Ayn Rand]]."
Ten spyte van Brian se oënskynlik onbesorgde en amorale aard, word getoon dat hy sy vriende liefhet en dikwels groot opofferings vir hulle sal maak, al sal hy dit nie erken nie. Hy beplan 'n troue vir Lindsay en Melanie nadat hulne uitmekaar geval het, en gee sy ouerlike regte aan sy jong seun Gus prys sodat Melanie en Lindsay in die eerste seisoen sal herenig. Hy stoot Michael weg sodat hy na sy kêrel sal terugkeer. Hy help sy jong minnaar Justin herstel ná 'n aanval by sy senior bal, wat Brian bygewoon het om Justin te behaag. Hy gee sy werk en geld prys om die anti-gay kandidaat vir burgemeester, Jim Stockwell, te verslaan en is bereid om sy solder en nagklub prys te gee om by Justin te wees in die laaste episodes.
== Oorsig ==
In die [[Loodsepisode|pilot]], sien Brian Kinney die 17-jarige Justin Taylor op 'n straathoek buite die gay nagklub Babylon. Hy neem Justin huis toe en neem sy [[maagdelikheid]]. In dieselfde episode word sy seun, Gus, gebore aan 'n [[lesbiese]] paartjie, Lindsey en Melanie. As gevolg van die gelyktydigheid van hierdie twee belangrike gebeurtenisse, assosieer Brian dikwels Gus met Justin, en verwys na albei as "sonny boy," Jack se bynaam vir Brian self. Gedurende die eerste seisoen is sy verhouding met Justin onduidelik. Brian haat die idee van paartjies maar breek sy eie reëls vir Justin, onbekwaam om die aantrekkingskrag wat hy voel teenoor hom te weerstaan. Hy sorg op verskillende maniere vir hom: laat hom in sy solder intrek nadat Justin uit sy ouerhuis geskop is, gaan agter hom aan na NYC nadat hy weghardloop, betaal sy kollegegeld, en raad aan hom oor skool situasies – dus deur sy optrede, sy eie mondelinge verklarings dat hy hom nie rond wil hê nie, herhaaldelik weerspreek.
Nadat hy Justin se prom-aanval aanskou het, is Brian [[Psigologiese trauma|getraumatiseer]]. Niemand, behalwe Jennifer Taylor en die verpleegpersoneel, weet dat Brian elke nag vir weke lange wag hou buite Justin se hospitaalkamer nie. Met Justin se vrylating uit die hospitaal, verbied Jennifer Brian om Justin te sien maar vra hom later om haar seun te 'neem', want Brian is die enigste een wat hy vertrou. Gedurende die tweede seisoen help Brian Justin herstel, beide fisies en emosioneel. Justin konfronteer Brian deur te vra of die rede dat hy steeds by Brian woon is omdat hy skuldig voel. Brian sê dat skuld die rede was waarom hy Justin ingeneem het, maar dit is nie die rede waarom hy hom wil laat bly nie. Om Brian se promiskuïteit te beperk en homself te beskerm, stel Justin 'n paar reëls. Justin breek later die reëls met die meer romantiese Ethan Gold, en Brian sê vir Justin om te besluit met wie hy wil wees. Brian is seergemaak wanneer Justin hom verlaat om by Ethan te wees, maar sal dit nie erken nie. Ten spyte van sy uiterlik afsydige aard, is Brian se eensaamheid duidelik aan die begin van die derde seisoen.
Gedurende die derde seisoen kom Brian se sukses as advertensiebestuurder in stryd met sy oortuigings wanneer hy gevra word om die burgemeestersveldtog van Jim Stockwell, die konserwatiewe, anti-gay polisiehoof, te lei. Alhoewel hy aanvanklik instrumenteel is in die kandidaat se opkoms, herenig Brian later met Justin en het 'n gewetenskrisis, wat Justin help om anti-Stockwell propaganda-plakkate te vervaardig en te versprei. Op heter daad betrap, verloor hy sy posisie by beide die veldtog en die advertensie-agentskap. Ten spyte van sy gebrek aan inkomste, maksimeer Brian al sy kredietkaarte om televisie-advertensies te koop wat Stockwell se vorige wandade blootlê, wat direk lei tot sy nederlaag in die burgemeestersverkiesing. Wanneer sy vriende uitvind dat Brian die advertensies persoonlik gefinansier het en nou werkloos is en in 'n groot skuld, hou hulle 'n fondsinsameling, waarvan die opbrengs Brian aanvanklik weerstaan om te aanvaar, maar uiteindelik met grasie doen. In die vierde seisoen stig hy sy eie advertensie-agentskap, Kinnetik. Hy veg teen [[testikulêre kanker]], veral moeilik as gevolg van sy ydelheid en narcisme oor sy seksuele bekwaamheid, en hy probeer – onsuksesvol – om sy diagnose en behandeling geheim te hou vir almal. Nadat hy kanker oorwin en 'n fietsrit van [[Toronto]] na [[Pittsburgh]] voltooi het, herevalueer Brian sy lewe en besluit om 'n meer aktiewe rol in sy seun se lewe te neem en Justin te vra om weer in te trek.
In die vyfde seisoen trek Justin uit, gefrustreerd oor Brian se onvermoë om 'n toegewyde verhouding te vorm, waarvoor Brian sy beste vriend, Michael, blameer. Nadat 'n bom by Babylon afgaan, wat Brian in hierdie seisoen besit, erken Brian sy liefde vir Justin en herstel sy verhouding met Michael. Brian stel voor om met Justin te trou, wat uiteindelik aanvaar. Brian vertel later vir Justin dat hy na New York moet gaan om 'n belowende kunslopies te volg, eerder as om 'n geleentheid prys te gee. Hulle spandeer een laaste nag saam voordat Justin vertrek. Justin verseker Brian dat hulle mekaar gereeld sal sien. Brian word gesien by die vernietigde Babylon terwyl hy met Michael dans. Terwyl die kamera om hulle draai, begin die vernietigde klub egter in 'n herstelde Babylon verander, wat daarop dui dat Brian heroorweeg het en Babylon sal heropen. Hy word laaste gesien terwyl hy dans, voordat die krediete begin rol.
04err5njdzmjjzdlpatigorpmr9x0bk
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2026-08-22T07:38:33Z
Rodolfo Arpena
213259
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{{Inligtingskas Karakter
| name = Brian Kinney
}}
'''Brian A. Kinney''' is 'n fiktiewe karakter uit die [[Verenigde State|Amerikaanse]]/[[Kanada|Kanadese]] [[Showtime (TV-netwerk)|Showtime]] televisiereeks ''[[Queer as Folk (2000 TV-reeks)|Queer as Folk]]'', 'n drama oor die lewens van 'n groep [[gay mans]] en [[lesbiërs]] wat in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsilvanië]] woon.<ref name="Pittsburgh">{{cite magazine|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid04245.asp|title=Gay Pittsburgh not exactly like what you see on Queer As Folk|date=May 6, 2004|magazine=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060617020811/http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid04245.asp|archivedate=2006-06-17}}</ref> Die karakter is geskep deur [[Ron Cowen]] en [[Daniel Lipman]], wat die reeks ontwikkel, geskryf en as uitvoerende vervaardigers gedien het, en is vertolk deur die Amerikaanse akteur [[Gale Harold]] gedurende die reeks se vyfjaarlange lopie.
Aantreklik en manlik, Brian is 'n suksesvolle advertensiebestuurder wat 'n luukse Pittsburgh [[solder]] besit en 'n glamourvolle en selfsugtige lewenstyl lei. Hy word uitgebeeld as uiters [[Promiskuïteit|promisku]]<ref name="NY Times 1">{{cite news|author=Weinraub, Bernard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/20/arts/cable-tv-shatters-another-taboo-new-showtime-series-will-focus-gay-sexuality.html?pagewanted=1|title=Cable TV Shatters Another Taboo; A New Showtime Series Will Focus on Gay Sexuality|date=November 20, 2000|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> en [[Narcisme|narsisties]],<ref name="NY Times 2">{{cite news|author=Tommasini, Anthony|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/14/arts/television-radio-looking-for-a-breakthrough-you-ll-have-to-wait.html?sq=queer+as+fok&scp=44&st=cse|title=Looking For A Breakthrough? You'll Have To Wait|date=January 14, 2001|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> en is trots op sy voorkoms en sy status as die mees begeerlike man op Pittsburgh se Liberty Avenue.<ref name="NY Times 2" /> Brian verwerp [[heteronormatiwiteit]] heeltemal, waarbinne hy [[gay huwelik]] en [[monogamie]] insluit.<ref name="Critical Thinking">{{cite book |last=Galician |first=Mary-Lou |title=Critical Thinking About Sex, Love and Romance in the Mass Media |author2=Merskin, Debra |publisher=Laurence Earlbaum Associates, Inc. |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8058-5616-3 |location=Mahwah, New Jersey |pages=195–200}}</ref> Sy storielyne in die reeks draai om sy weiering om aan hierdie ideale te voldoen, wat hom dikwels in stryd plaas met sy gay vriende wat daarna smag om te trou en hul eie gesinne te begin. Ten spyte van sy gevoelens, verwek Brian 'n kind via [[kunsmatige inseminasie]] met sy goeie vriendin [[Lys van Queer as Folk-karakters#Lindsay Peterson|Lindsay]], 'n lesbiër, en ontwikkel uiteindelik 'n romantiese en seksuele verhouding met die jong kunstenaar [[Justin Taylor]], wat sentraal in die reeks is.
Brian was die onderwerp van kontroversie onder [[LGBTQ]]-kritici van die reeks. Hy is beskryf as "die uiteindelike gay held" vir sy [[Gay bevryding|bevrydingsfilosofie]],<ref name="Queer Wars">{{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Paul |title=Queer Wars: The New Gay Right and Its Critics |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-226-72186-6 |location=Chicago, IL |pages=96}}</ref> maar is ook gekritiseer vir sy voorstelling van wat baie gay kykers glo "negatiewe stereotipes oor gay mans" is.<ref name="AfterElton">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afterelton.com/people/2007/11/top25gayTVcharacters?page=0%2C11|title=Readers' Choice: The Top 25 Gay TV Characters Revealed!|publisher=AfterElton.com}}</ref> In November 2007 is Brian aangewys as die gewildste gay televisie-karakter van alle tye deur [[AfterEllen.com|AfterEllen]] se susterwebwerf, AfterElton.<ref name="AfterElton" /><ref name="AfterElton 2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afterelton.com/TV/encyclopedia/gaytvcharacters/queerasfolk/briankinney|title=Queer As Folk (US) - Brian Kinney|publisher=AfterElton.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214061329/http://www.afterelton.com/TV/encyclopedia/gaytvcharacters/queerasfolk/briankinney|archivedate=2008-12-14|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Agtergrond en persoonlikheid ==
Brian Kinney is gebore aan Jack en Joan Kinney in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsilvanië]]. Sy familie was [[Iers-Katoliek]], met sy ma wat veral uiters godsdienstig en [[homofobies]] was. Brian het 'n onstabiele kinderjare gehad as gevolg van sy pa wat 'n mishandelende [[alkoholis]] was. Brian is deur sy pa fisies mishandel gedurende sy kinderjare en tienerjare; dit is onduidelik of Jack ook mishandelend was teenoor Brian se ouer suster, Claire. Gedurende sy hoërskooldae het Brian die mishandeling in sy huis ontsnap deur by sy beste vriend, Michael Novotny, te bly, wie se ma, Debbie Novotny, uiteindelik Brian soos 'n ander seun begin behandel het. Na hoërskool het Brian 'n volle beurs na Carnegie Mellon ontvang, waar hy [[advertensie]] studeer het. Dit is daar dat hy 'n ander goeie vriendin ontmoet, Lindsay Peterson, wat 'n [[kunsgeskiedenis]]-klas met hom deel.
Alhoewel Brian openlik oor sy seksualiteit is met Michael en Debbie en hoogs seksueel aktief was gedurende sy tienerjare, kom Brian eers [[Uit die kas|uit]] by sy ouers wanneer hy reeds volwasse is. Brian het gesê dat hy niks aan sy ouers verskuldig is nie; hy het gekies om nie sy seksualiteit vroeër aan hulle te openbaar nie omdat hy min verhouding met hulle het. Hy vertel dit egter uiteindelik aan sy pa op sy sterfbed, en sy ma kom per ongeluk agter nadat sy [[Justin Taylor]] in Brian se slaapkamer sien tydens 'n besoek aan sy solder. Beide ouers se reaksies is oorweldigend negatief.
Brian se grootste vrees is om sy jeug en skoonheid te verloor. Sy beste vriend, Michael, verseker hom dikwels dat hy "altyd jonk en altyd mooi sal wees." Lindsay, 'n suster-agtige figuur vir Brian, noem hom soms liefdevol 'Peter', na verwysing na Peter Pan, die seun wat nooit oud word nie; hy noem haar 'Wendy' in ruil. In een episode beskryf Emmett Honeycutt se bejaarde kêrel George Shickle Brian as "die liefdeskind van [[James Dean]] en [[Ayn Rand]]."
Ten spyte van Brian se oënskynlik onbesorgde en amorale aard, word getoon dat hy sy vriende liefhet en dikwels groot opofferings vir hulle sal maak, al sal hy dit nie erken nie. Hy beplan 'n troue vir Lindsay en Melanie nadat hulne uitmekaar geval het, en gee sy ouerlike regte aan sy jong seun Gus prys sodat Melanie en Lindsay in die eerste seisoen sal herenig. Hy stoot Michael weg sodat hy na sy kêrel sal terugkeer. Hy help sy jong minnaar Justin herstel ná 'n aanval by sy senior bal, wat Brian bygewoon het om Justin te behaag. Hy gee sy werk en geld prys om die anti-gay kandidaat vir burgemeester, Jim Stockwell, te verslaan en is bereid om sy solder en nagklub prys te gee om by Justin te wees in die laaste episodes.
== Oorsig ==
In die [[Loodsepisode|pilot]], sien Brian Kinney die 17-jarige Justin Taylor op 'n straathoek buite die gay nagklub Babylon. Hy neem Justin huis toe en neem sy [[maagdelikheid]]. In dieselfde episode word sy seun, Gus, gebore aan 'n [[lesbiese]] paartjie, Lindsey en Melanie. As gevolg van die gelyktydigheid van hierdie twee belangrike gebeurtenisse, assosieer Brian dikwels Gus met Justin, en verwys na albei as "sonny boy," Jack se bynaam vir Brian self. Gedurende die eerste seisoen is sy verhouding met Justin onduidelik. Brian haat die idee van paartjies maar breek sy eie reëls vir Justin, onbekwaam om die aantrekkingskrag wat hy voel teenoor hom te weerstaan. Hy sorg op verskillende maniere vir hom: laat hom in sy solder intrek nadat Justin uit sy ouerhuis geskop is, gaan agter hom aan na NYC nadat hy weghardloop, betaal sy kollegegeld, en raad aan hom oor skool situasies – dus deur sy optrede, sy eie mondelinge verklarings dat hy hom nie rond wil hê nie, herhaaldelik weerspreek.
Nadat hy Justin se prom-aanval aanskou het, is Brian [[Psigologiese trauma|getraumatiseer]]. Niemand, behalwe Jennifer Taylor en die verpleegpersoneel, weet dat Brian elke nag vir weke lange wag hou buite Justin se hospitaalkamer nie. Met Justin se vrylating uit die hospitaal, verbied Jennifer Brian om Justin te sien maar vra hom later om haar seun te 'neem', want Brian is die enigste een wat hy vertrou. Gedurende die tweede seisoen help Brian Justin herstel, beide fisies en emosioneel. Justin konfronteer Brian deur te vra of die rede dat hy steeds by Brian woon is omdat hy skuldig voel. Brian sê dat skuld die rede was waarom hy Justin ingeneem het, maar dit is nie die rede waarom hy hom wil laat bly nie. Om Brian se promiskuïteit te beperk en homself te beskerm, stel Justin 'n paar reëls. Justin breek later die reëls met die meer romantiese Ethan Gold, en Brian sê vir Justin om te besluit met wie hy wil wees. Brian is seergemaak wanneer Justin hom verlaat om by Ethan te wees, maar sal dit nie erken nie. Ten spyte van sy uiterlik afsydige aard, is Brian se eensaamheid duidelik aan die begin van die derde seisoen.
Gedurende die derde seisoen kom Brian se sukses as advertensiebestuurder in stryd met sy oortuigings wanneer hy gevra word om die burgemeestersveldtog van Jim Stockwell, die konserwatiewe, anti-gay polisiehoof, te lei. Alhoewel hy aanvanklik instrumenteel is in die kandidaat se opkoms, herenig Brian later met Justin en het 'n gewetenskrisis, wat Justin help om anti-Stockwell propaganda-plakkate te vervaardig en te versprei. Op heter daad betrap, verloor hy sy posisie by beide die veldtog en die advertensie-agentskap. Ten spyte van sy gebrek aan inkomste, maksimeer Brian al sy kredietkaarte om televisie-advertensies te koop wat Stockwell se vorige wandade blootlê, wat direk lei tot sy nederlaag in die burgemeestersverkiesing. Wanneer sy vriende uitvind dat Brian die advertensies persoonlik gefinansier het en nou werkloos is en in 'n groot skuld, hou hulle 'n fondsinsameling, waarvan die opbrengs Brian aanvanklik weerstaan om te aanvaar, maar uiteindelik met grasie doen. In die vierde seisoen stig hy sy eie advertensie-agentskap, Kinnetik. Hy veg teen [[testikulêre kanker]], veral moeilik as gevolg van sy ydelheid en narcisme oor sy seksuele bekwaamheid, en hy probeer – onsuksesvol – om sy diagnose en behandeling geheim te hou vir almal. Nadat hy kanker oorwin en 'n fietsrit van [[Toronto]] na [[Pittsburgh]] voltooi het, herevalueer Brian sy lewe en besluit om 'n meer aktiewe rol in sy seun se lewe te neem en Justin te vra om weer in te trek.
In die vyfde seisoen trek Justin uit, gefrustreerd oor Brian se onvermoë om 'n toegewyde verhouding te vorm, waarvoor Brian sy beste vriend, Michael, blameer. Nadat 'n bom by Babylon afgaan, wat Brian in hierdie seisoen besit, erken Brian sy liefde vir Justin en herstel sy verhouding met Michael. Brian stel voor om met Justin te trou, wat uiteindelik aanvaar. Brian vertel later vir Justin dat hy na New York moet gaan om 'n belowende kunslopies te volg, eerder as om 'n geleentheid prys te gee. Hulle spandeer een laaste nag saam voordat Justin vertrek. Justin verseker Brian dat hulle mekaar gereeld sal sien. Brian word gesien by die vernietigde Babylon terwyl hy met Michael dans. Terwyl die kamera om hulle draai, begin die vernietigde klub egter in 'n herstelde Babylon verander, wat daarop dui dat Brian heroorweeg het en Babylon sal heropen. Hy word laaste gesien terwyl hy dans, voordat die krediete begin rol.
5xw6rv8n9qh3vr49zi2r38zyje3gmip
2928773
2928772
2026-08-22T07:53:31Z
Dumbassman
62009
2928773
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Brian A. Kinney''' is 'n fiktiewe karakter uit die [[Verenigde State|Amerikaanse]]/[[Kanada|Kanadese]] [[Showtime (TV-netwerk)|Showtime]] televisiereeks ''[[Queer as Folk (2000 TV-reeks)|Queer as Folk]]'', 'n drama oor die lewens van 'n groep [[gay mans]] en [[lesbiërs]] wat in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsilvanië]] woon.<ref name="Pittsburgh">{{cite magazine|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid04245.asp|title=Gay Pittsburgh not exactly like what you see on Queer As Folk|date=May 6, 2004|magazine=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060617020811/http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid04245.asp|archivedate=2006-06-17}}</ref> Die karakter is geskep deur [[Ron Cowen]] en [[Daniel Lipman]], wat die reeks ontwikkel, geskryf en as uitvoerende vervaardigers gedien het, en is vertolk deur die Amerikaanse akteur [[Gale Harold]] gedurende die reeks se vyfjaarlange lopie.
Aantreklik en manlik, Brian is 'n suksesvolle advertensiebestuurder wat 'n luukse Pittsburgh [[solder]] besit en 'n glamourvolle en selfsugtige lewenstyl lei. Hy word uitgebeeld as uiters [[Promiskuïteit|promisku]]<ref name="NY Times 1">{{cite news|author=Weinraub, Bernard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/20/arts/cable-tv-shatters-another-taboo-new-showtime-series-will-focus-gay-sexuality.html?pagewanted=1|title=Cable TV Shatters Another Taboo; A New Showtime Series Will Focus on Gay Sexuality|date=November 20, 2000|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> en [[Narcisme|narsisties]],<ref name="NY Times 2">{{cite news|author=Tommasini, Anthony|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/14/arts/television-radio-looking-for-a-breakthrough-you-ll-have-to-wait.html?sq=queer+as+fok&scp=44&st=cse|title=Looking For A Breakthrough? You'll Have To Wait|date=January 14, 2001|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> en is trots op sy voorkoms en sy status as die mees begeerlike man op Pittsburgh se Liberty Avenue.<ref name="NY Times 2" /> Brian verwerp [[heteronormatiwiteit]] heeltemal, waarbinne hy [[gay huwelik]] en [[monogamie]] insluit.<ref name="Critical Thinking">{{cite book |last=Galician |first=Mary-Lou |title=Critical Thinking About Sex, Love and Romance in the Mass Media |author2=Merskin, Debra |publisher=Laurence Earlbaum Associates, Inc. |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8058-5616-3 |location=Mahwah, New Jersey |pages=195–200}}</ref> Sy storielyne in die reeks draai om sy weiering om aan hierdie ideale te voldoen, wat hom dikwels in stryd plaas met sy gay vriende wat daarna smag om te trou en hul eie gesinne te begin. Ten spyte van sy gevoelens, verwek Brian 'n kind via [[kunsmatige inseminasie]] met sy goeie vriendin [[Lys van Queer as Folk-karakters#Lindsay Peterson|Lindsay]], 'n lesbiër, en ontwikkel uiteindelik 'n romantiese en seksuele verhouding met die jong kunstenaar [[Justin Taylor]], wat sentraal in die reeks is.
Brian was die onderwerp van kontroversie onder [[LGBTQ]]-kritici van die reeks. Hy is beskryf as "die uiteindelike gay held" vir sy [[Gay bevryding|bevrydingsfilosofie]],<ref name="Queer Wars">{{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Paul |title=Queer Wars: The New Gay Right and Its Critics |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-226-72186-6 |location=Chicago, IL |pages=96}}</ref> maar is ook gekritiseer vir sy voorstelling van wat baie gay kykers glo "negatiewe stereotipes oor gay mans" is.<ref name="AfterElton">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afterelton.com/people/2007/11/top25gayTVcharacters?page=0%2C11|title=Readers' Choice: The Top 25 Gay TV Characters Revealed!|publisher=AfterElton.com}}</ref> In November 2007 is Brian aangewys as die gewildste gay televisie-karakter van alle tye deur [[AfterEllen.com|AfterEllen]] se susterwebwerf, AfterElton.<ref name="AfterElton" /><ref name="AfterElton 2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afterelton.com/TV/encyclopedia/gaytvcharacters/queerasfolk/briankinney|title=Queer As Folk (US) - Brian Kinney|publisher=AfterElton.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214061329/http://www.afterelton.com/TV/encyclopedia/gaytvcharacters/queerasfolk/briankinney|archivedate=2008-12-14|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Agtergrond en persoonlikheid ==
Brian Kinney is gebore aan Jack en Joan Kinney in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsilvanië]]. Sy familie was [[Iers-Katoliek]], met sy ma wat veral uiters godsdienstig en [[homofobies]] was. Brian het 'n onstabiele kinderjare gehad as gevolg van sy pa wat 'n mishandelende [[alkoholis]] was. Brian is deur sy pa fisies mishandel gedurende sy kinderjare en tienerjare; dit is onduidelik of Jack ook mishandelend was teenoor Brian se ouer suster, Claire. Gedurende sy hoërskooldae het Brian die mishandeling in sy huis ontsnap deur by sy beste vriend, Michael Novotny, te bly, wie se ma, Debbie Novotny, uiteindelik Brian soos 'n ander seun begin behandel het. Na hoërskool het Brian 'n volle beurs na Carnegie Mellon ontvang, waar hy [[advertensie]] studeer het. Dit is daar dat hy 'n ander goeie vriendin ontmoet, Lindsay Peterson, wat 'n [[kunsgeskiedenis]]-klas met hom deel.
Alhoewel Brian openlik oor sy seksualiteit is met Michael en Debbie en hoogs seksueel aktief was gedurende sy tienerjare, kom Brian eers [[Uit die kas|uit]] by sy ouers wanneer hy reeds volwasse is. Brian het gesê dat hy niks aan sy ouers verskuldig is nie; hy het gekies om nie sy seksualiteit vroeër aan hulle te openbaar nie omdat hy min verhouding met hulle het. Hy vertel dit egter uiteindelik aan sy pa op sy sterfbed, en sy ma kom per ongeluk agter nadat sy [[Justin Taylor]] in Brian se slaapkamer sien tydens 'n besoek aan sy solder. Beide ouers se reaksies is oorweldigend negatief.
Brian se grootste vrees is om sy jeug en skoonheid te verloor. Sy beste vriend, Michael, verseker hom dikwels dat hy "altyd jonk en altyd mooi sal wees." Lindsay, 'n suster-agtige figuur vir Brian, noem hom soms liefdevol 'Peter', na verwysing na Peter Pan, die seun wat nooit oud word nie; hy noem haar 'Wendy' in ruil. In een episode beskryf Emmett Honeycutt se bejaarde kêrel George Shickle Brian as "die liefdeskind van [[James Dean]] en [[Ayn Rand]]."
Ten spyte van Brian se oënskynlik onbesorgde en amorale aard, word getoon dat hy sy vriende liefhet en dikwels groot opofferings vir hulle sal maak, al sal hy dit nie erken nie. Hy beplan 'n troue vir Lindsay en Melanie nadat hulne uitmekaar geval het, en gee sy ouerlike regte aan sy jong seun Gus prys sodat Melanie en Lindsay in die eerste seisoen sal herenig. Hy stoot Michael weg sodat hy na sy kêrel sal terugkeer. Hy help sy jong minnaar Justin herstel ná 'n aanval by sy senior bal, wat Brian bygewoon het om Justin te behaag. Hy gee sy werk en geld prys om die anti-gay kandidaat vir burgemeester, Jim Stockwell, te verslaan en is bereid om sy solder en nagklub prys te gee om by Justin te wees in die laaste episodes.
== Oorsig ==
In die [[Loodsepisode|pilot]], sien Brian Kinney die 17-jarige Justin Taylor op 'n straathoek buite die gay nagklub Babylon. Hy neem Justin huis toe en neem sy [[maagdelikheid]]. In dieselfde episode word sy seun, Gus, gebore aan 'n [[lesbiese]] paartjie, Lindsey en Melanie. As gevolg van die gelyktydigheid van hierdie twee belangrike gebeurtenisse, assosieer Brian dikwels Gus met Justin, en verwys na albei as "sonny boy," Jack se bynaam vir Brian self. Gedurende die eerste seisoen is sy verhouding met Justin onduidelik. Brian haat die idee van paartjies maar breek sy eie reëls vir Justin, onbekwaam om die aantrekkingskrag wat hy voel teenoor hom te weerstaan. Hy sorg op verskillende maniere vir hom: laat hom in sy solder intrek nadat Justin uit sy ouerhuis geskop is, gaan agter hom aan na NYC nadat hy weghardloop, betaal sy kollegegeld, en raad aan hom oor skool situasies – dus deur sy optrede, sy eie mondelinge verklarings dat hy hom nie rond wil hê nie, herhaaldelik weerspreek.
Nadat hy Justin se prom-aanval aanskou het, is Brian [[Psigologiese trauma|getraumatiseer]]. Niemand, behalwe Jennifer Taylor en die verpleegpersoneel, weet dat Brian elke nag vir weke lange wag hou buite Justin se hospitaalkamer nie. Met Justin se vrylating uit die hospitaal, verbied Jennifer Brian om Justin te sien maar vra hom later om haar seun te 'neem', want Brian is die enigste een wat hy vertrou. Gedurende die tweede seisoen help Brian Justin herstel, beide fisies en emosioneel. Justin konfronteer Brian deur te vra of die rede dat hy steeds by Brian woon is omdat hy skuldig voel. Brian sê dat skuld die rede was waarom hy Justin ingeneem het, maar dit is nie die rede waarom hy hom wil laat bly nie. Om Brian se promiskuïteit te beperk en homself te beskerm, stel Justin 'n paar reëls. Justin breek later die reëls met die meer romantiese Ethan Gold, en Brian sê vir Justin om te besluit met wie hy wil wees. Brian is seergemaak wanneer Justin hom verlaat om by Ethan te wees, maar sal dit nie erken nie. Ten spyte van sy uiterlik afsydige aard, is Brian se eensaamheid duidelik aan die begin van die derde seisoen.
Gedurende die derde seisoen kom Brian se sukses as advertensiebestuurder in stryd met sy oortuigings wanneer hy gevra word om die burgemeestersveldtog van Jim Stockwell, die konserwatiewe, anti-gay polisiehoof, te lei. Alhoewel hy aanvanklik instrumenteel is in die kandidaat se opkoms, herenig Brian later met Justin en het 'n gewetenskrisis, wat Justin help om anti-Stockwell propaganda-plakkate te vervaardig en te versprei. Op heter daad betrap, verloor hy sy posisie by beide die veldtog en die advertensie-agentskap. Ten spyte van sy gebrek aan inkomste, maksimeer Brian al sy kredietkaarte om televisie-advertensies te koop wat Stockwell se vorige wandade blootlê, wat direk lei tot sy nederlaag in die burgemeestersverkiesing. Wanneer sy vriende uitvind dat Brian die advertensies persoonlik gefinansier het en nou werkloos is en in 'n groot skuld, hou hulle 'n fondsinsameling, waarvan die opbrengs Brian aanvanklik weerstaan om te aanvaar, maar uiteindelik met grasie doen. In die vierde seisoen stig hy sy eie advertensie-agentskap, Kinnetik. Hy veg teen [[testikulêre kanker]], veral moeilik as gevolg van sy ydelheid en narcisme oor sy seksuele bekwaamheid, en hy probeer – onsuksesvol – om sy diagnose en behandeling geheim te hou vir almal. Nadat hy kanker oorwin en 'n fietsrit van [[Toronto]] na [[Pittsburgh]] voltooi het, herevalueer Brian sy lewe en besluit om 'n meer aktiewe rol in sy seun se lewe te neem en Justin te vra om weer in te trek.
In die vyfde seisoen trek Justin uit, gefrustreerd oor Brian se onvermoë om 'n toegewyde verhouding te vorm, waarvoor Brian sy beste vriend, Michael, blameer. Nadat 'n bom by Babylon afgaan, wat Brian in hierdie seisoen besit, erken Brian sy liefde vir Justin en herstel sy verhouding met Michael. Brian stel voor om met Justin te trou, wat uiteindelik aanvaar. Brian vertel later vir Justin dat hy na New York moet gaan om 'n belowende kunslopies te volg, eerder as om 'n geleentheid prys te gee. Hulle spandeer een laaste nag saam voordat Justin vertrek. Justin verseker Brian dat hulle mekaar gereeld sal sien. Brian word gesien by die vernietigde Babylon terwyl hy met Michael dans. Terwyl die kamera om hulle draai, begin die vernietigde klub egter in 'n herstelde Babylon verander, wat daarop dui dat Brian heroorweeg het en Babylon sal heropen. Hy word laaste gesien terwyl hy dans, voordat die krediete begin rol.
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Dumbassman
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'''Brian A. Kinney''' is 'n fiktiewe karakter uit die [[Verenigde State|Amerikaanse]]/[[Kanada|Kanadese]] [[Showtime (TV-netwerk)|Showtime]] televisiereeks ''[[Queer as Folk (2000 TV-reeks)|Queer as Folk]]'', 'n drama oor die lewens van 'n groep [[gay mans]] en [[lesbiërs]] wat in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsilvanië]] woon.<ref name="Pittsburgh">{{cite magazine|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid04245.asp|title=Gay Pittsburgh not exactly like what you see on Queer As Folk|date=May 6, 2004|magazine=[[The Advocate (LGBT magazine)|The Advocate]]|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060617020811/http://www.advocate.com/news_detail_ektid04245.asp|archivedate=2006-06-17}}</ref> Die karakter is geskep deur [[Ron Cowen]] en [[Daniel Lipman]], wat die reeks ontwikkel, geskryf en as uitvoerende vervaardigers gedien het, en is vertolk deur die Amerikaanse akteur [[Gale Harold]] gedurende die reeks se vyfjaarlange lopie.
Aantreklik en manlik, Brian is 'n suksesvolle advertensiebestuurder wat 'n luukse Pittsburgh [[solder]] besit en 'n glamourvolle en selfsugtige lewenstyl lei. Hy word uitgebeeld as uiters [[Promiskuïteit|promisku]]<ref name="NY Times 1">{{cite news|author=Weinraub, Bernard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/20/arts/cable-tv-shatters-another-taboo-new-showtime-series-will-focus-gay-sexuality.html?pagewanted=1|title=Cable TV Shatters Another Taboo; A New Showtime Series Will Focus on Gay Sexuality|date=November 20, 2000|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> en [[Narcisme|narsisties]],<ref name="NY Times 2">{{cite news|author=Tommasini, Anthony|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/01/14/arts/television-radio-looking-for-a-breakthrough-you-ll-have-to-wait.html?sq=queer+as+fok&scp=44&st=cse|title=Looking For A Breakthrough? You'll Have To Wait|date=January 14, 2001|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> en is trots op sy voorkoms en sy status as die mees begeerlike man op Pittsburgh se Liberty Avenue.<ref name="NY Times 2" /> Brian verwerp [[heteronormatiwiteit]] heeltemal, waarbinne hy [[gay huwelik]] en [[monogamie]] insluit.<ref name="Critical Thinking">{{cite book |last=Galician |first=Mary-Lou |title=Critical Thinking About Sex, Love and Romance in the Mass Media |author2=Merskin, Debra |publisher=Laurence Earlbaum Associates, Inc. |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8058-5616-3 |location=Mahwah, New Jersey |pages=195–200}}</ref> Sy storielyne in die reeks draai om sy weiering om aan hierdie ideale te voldoen, wat hom dikwels in stryd plaas met sy gay vriende wat daarna smag om te trou en hul eie gesinne te begin. Ten spyte van sy gevoelens, verwek Brian 'n kind via [[kunsmatige inseminasie]] met sy goeie vriendin [[Lys van Queer as Folk-karakters#Lindsay Peterson|Lindsay]], 'n lesbiër, en ontwikkel uiteindelik 'n romantiese en seksuele verhouding met die jong kunstenaar [[Justin Taylor]], wat sentraal in die reeks is.
Brian was die onderwerp van kontroversie onder [[LGBTQ]]-kritici van die reeks. Hy is beskryf as "die uiteindelike gay held" vir sy [[Gay bevryding|bevrydingsfilosofie]],<ref name="Queer Wars">{{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Paul |title=Queer Wars: The New Gay Right and Its Critics |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-226-72186-6 |location=Chicago, IL |pages=96}}</ref> maar is ook gekritiseer vir sy voorstelling van wat baie gay kykers glo "negatiewe stereotipes oor gay mans" is.<ref name="AfterElton">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afterelton.com/people/2007/11/top25gayTVcharacters?page=0%2C11|title=Readers' Choice: The Top 25 Gay TV Characters Revealed!|publisher=AfterElton.com}}</ref> In November 2007 is Brian aangewys as die gewildste gay televisie-karakter van alle tye deur [[AfterEllen.com|AfterEllen]] se susterwebwerf, AfterElton.<ref name="AfterElton" /><ref name="AfterElton 2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afterelton.com/TV/encyclopedia/gaytvcharacters/queerasfolk/briankinney|title=Queer As Folk (US) - Brian Kinney|publisher=AfterElton.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081214061329/http://www.afterelton.com/TV/encyclopedia/gaytvcharacters/queerasfolk/briankinney|archivedate=2008-12-14|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Agtergrond en persoonlikheid ==
Brian Kinney is gebore aan Jack en Joan Kinney in [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsilvanië]]. Sy familie was [[Iers-Katoliek]], met sy ma wat veral uiters godsdienstig en [[homofobies]] was. Brian het 'n onstabiele kinderjare gehad as gevolg van sy pa wat 'n mishandelende [[alkoholis]] was. Brian is deur sy pa fisies mishandel gedurende sy kinderjare en tienerjare; dit is onduidelik of Jack ook mishandelend was teenoor Brian se ouer suster, Claire. Gedurende sy hoërskooldae het Brian die mishandeling in sy huis ontsnap deur by sy beste vriend, Michael Novotny, te bly, wie se ma, Debbie Novotny, uiteindelik Brian soos 'n ander seun begin behandel het. Na hoërskool het Brian 'n volle beurs na Carnegie Mellon ontvang, waar hy [[advertensie]] studeer het. Dit is daar dat hy 'n ander goeie vriendin ontmoet, Lindsay Peterson, wat 'n [[kunsgeskiedenis]]-klas met hom deel.
Alhoewel Brian openlik oor sy seksualiteit is met Michael en Debbie en hoogs seksueel aktief was gedurende sy tienerjare, kom Brian eers [[Uit die kas|uit]] by sy ouers wanneer hy reeds volwasse is. Brian het gesê dat hy niks aan sy ouers verskuldig is nie; hy het gekies om nie sy seksualiteit vroeër aan hulle te openbaar nie omdat hy min verhouding met hulle het. Hy vertel dit egter uiteindelik aan sy pa op sy sterfbed, en sy ma kom per ongeluk agter nadat sy [[Justin Taylor]] in Brian se slaapkamer sien tydens 'n besoek aan sy solder. Beide ouers se reaksies is oorweldigend negatief.
Brian se grootste vrees is om sy jeug en skoonheid te verloor. Sy beste vriend, Michael, verseker hom dikwels dat hy "altyd jonk en altyd mooi sal wees." Lindsay, 'n suster-agtige figuur vir Brian, noem hom soms liefdevol 'Peter', na verwysing na Peter Pan, die seun wat nooit oud word nie; hy noem haar 'Wendy' in ruil. In een episode beskryf Emmett Honeycutt se bejaarde kêrel George Shickle Brian as "die liefdeskind van [[James Dean]] en [[Ayn Rand]]."
Ten spyte van Brian se oënskynlik onbesorgde en amorale aard, word getoon dat hy sy vriende liefhet en dikwels groot opofferings vir hulle sal maak, al sal hy dit nie erken nie. Hy beplan 'n troue vir Lindsay en Melanie nadat hulne uitmekaar geval het, en gee sy ouerlike regte aan sy jong seun Gus prys sodat Melanie en Lindsay in die eerste seisoen sal herenig. Hy stoot Michael weg sodat hy na sy kêrel sal terugkeer. Hy help sy jong minnaar Justin herstel ná 'n aanval by sy senior bal, wat Brian bygewoon het om Justin te behaag. Hy gee sy werk en geld prys om die anti-gay kandidaat vir burgemeester, Jim Stockwell, te verslaan en is bereid om sy solder en nagklub prys te gee om by Justin te wees in die laaste episodes.
== Oorsig ==
In die [[Loodsepisode|pilot]], sien Brian Kinney die 17-jarige Justin Taylor op 'n straathoek buite die gay nagklub Babylon. Hy neem Justin huis toe en neem sy [[maagdelikheid]]. In dieselfde episode word sy seun, Gus, gebore aan 'n [[lesbiese]] paartjie, Lindsey en Melanie. As gevolg van die gelyktydigheid van hierdie twee belangrike gebeurtenisse, assosieer Brian dikwels Gus met Justin, en verwys na albei as "sonny boy," Jack se bynaam vir Brian self. Gedurende die eerste seisoen is sy verhouding met Justin onduidelik. Brian haat die idee van paartjies maar breek sy eie reëls vir Justin, onbekwaam om die aantrekkingskrag wat hy voel teenoor hom te weerstaan. Hy sorg op verskillende maniere vir hom: laat hom in sy solder intrek nadat Justin uit sy ouerhuis geskop is, gaan agter hom aan na NYC nadat hy weghardloop, betaal sy kollegegeld, en raad aan hom oor skool situasies – dus deur sy optrede, sy eie mondelinge verklarings dat hy hom nie rond wil hê nie, herhaaldelik weerspreek.
Nadat hy Justin se prom-aanval aanskou het, is Brian [[Psigologiese trauma|getraumatiseer]]. Niemand, behalwe Jennifer Taylor en die verpleegpersoneel, weet dat Brian elke nag vir weke lange wag hou buite Justin se hospitaalkamer nie. Met Justin se vrylating uit die hospitaal, verbied Jennifer Brian om Justin te sien maar vra hom later om haar seun te 'neem', want Brian is die enigste een wat hy vertrou. Gedurende die tweede seisoen help Brian Justin herstel, beide fisies en emosioneel. Justin konfronteer Brian deur te vra of die rede dat hy steeds by Brian woon is omdat hy skuldig voel. Brian sê dat skuld die rede was waarom hy Justin ingeneem het, maar dit is nie die rede waarom hy hom wil laat bly nie. Om Brian se promiskuïteit te beperk en homself te beskerm, stel Justin 'n paar reëls. Justin breek later die reëls met die meer romantiese Ethan Gold, en Brian sê vir Justin om te besluit met wie hy wil wees. Brian is seergemaak wanneer Justin hom verlaat om by Ethan te wees, maar sal dit nie erken nie. Ten spyte van sy uiterlik afsydige aard, is Brian se eensaamheid duidelik aan die begin van die derde seisoen.
Gedurende die derde seisoen kom Brian se sukses as advertensiebestuurder in stryd met sy oortuigings wanneer hy gevra word om die burgemeestersveldtog van Jim Stockwell, die konserwatiewe, anti-gay polisiehoof, te lei. Alhoewel hy aanvanklik instrumenteel is in die kandidaat se opkoms, herenig Brian later met Justin en het 'n gewetenskrisis, wat Justin help om anti-Stockwell propaganda-plakkate te vervaardig en te versprei. Op heter daad betrap, verloor hy sy posisie by beide die veldtog en die advertensie-agentskap. Ten spyte van sy gebrek aan inkomste, maksimeer Brian al sy kredietkaarte om televisie-advertensies te koop wat Stockwell se vorige wandade blootlê, wat direk lei tot sy nederlaag in die burgemeestersverkiesing. Wanneer sy vriende uitvind dat Brian die advertensies persoonlik gefinansier het en nou werkloos is en in 'n groot skuld, hou hulle 'n fondsinsameling, waarvan die opbrengs Brian aanvanklik weerstaan om te aanvaar, maar uiteindelik met grasie doen. In die vierde seisoen stig hy sy eie advertensie-agentskap, Kinnetik. Hy veg teen [[testikulêre kanker]], veral moeilik as gevolg van sy ydelheid en narcisme oor sy seksuele bekwaamheid, en hy probeer – onsuksesvol – om sy diagnose en behandeling geheim te hou vir almal. Nadat hy kanker oorwin en 'n fietsrit van [[Toronto]] na [[Pittsburgh]] voltooi het, herevalueer Brian sy lewe en besluit om 'n meer aktiewe rol in sy seun se lewe te neem en Justin te vra om weer in te trek.
In die vyfde seisoen trek Justin uit, gefrustreerd oor Brian se onvermoë om 'n toegewyde verhouding te vorm, waarvoor Brian sy beste vriend, Michael, blameer. Nadat 'n bom by Babylon afgaan, wat Brian in hierdie seisoen besit, erken Brian sy liefde vir Justin en herstel sy verhouding met Michael. Brian stel voor om met Justin te trou, wat uiteindelik aanvaar. Brian vertel later vir Justin dat hy na New York moet gaan om 'n belowende kunslopies te volg, eerder as om 'n geleentheid prys te gee. Hulle spandeer een laaste nag saam voordat Justin vertrek. Justin verseker Brian dat hulle mekaar gereeld sal sien. Brian word gesien by die vernietigde Babylon terwyl hy met Michael dans. Terwyl die kamera om hulle draai, begin die vernietigde klub egter in 'n herstelde Babylon verander, wat daarop dui dat Brian heroorweeg het en Babylon sal heropen. Hy word laaste gesien terwyl hy dans, voordat die krediete begin rol.
==Verwysings==
{{verwysings}}
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Porboodskapingenieurswese
0
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Pynappel
70858
Vertaal uit Engels m.b.v. Claude. Porboodskap: "Vertaal hierdie Wikipedia-artikel na Afrikaans:"
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{{Kort beskrywing|Die strukturering van teks as toevoer vir generatiewe kunsmatige intelligensie}}
'''Porboodskapingenieurswese''' is die proses om [[natuurlike taal|natuurliketaal]]-[[Toevoer/afvoer|toevoere]] (bekend as '''porboodskappe''') te struktureer ten einde bepaalde afvoere van 'n [[generatiewe kunsmatige intelligensie|generatiewe-KI]]-model te verkry. '''Konteksingenieurswese''' is die verwante gebied van [[sagteware-ingenieurswese]] wat fokus op die bestuur van nie-porboodskap- en porboodskapkontekste wat aan die GenKI-model verskaf word, soos stelselinstruksies, [[metadata]], [[Programmeerkoppelvlak|API]]-gereedskap en tokens.
Dit kan ook omskryf word as die praktyk om toevoerinstruksies wat aan 'n generatiewe KI-model gegee word, te ontwerp en te verfyn sodat meer akkurate, relevante of nuttige afvoere geproduseer word. Doeltreffende porboodskapingenieurswese behels 'n begrip van hoe 'n model taal interpreteer, en kan tegnieke insluit soos ''few-shot''-porboodskapbou, gedagtekettingporboodskapbou en die toekenning van rolle.
Gedurende die [[KI-oplewing]] van die 2020's is porboodskapingenieurswese as 'n sakevaardigheid oor korporasies en bedrywe heen beskou. Werknemers met die titel '''porboodskapingenieur''' is aangestel om porboodskappe te skep wat produktiwiteit en doeltreffendheid sou verhoog, hoewel die individuele titel sedertdien minder algemeen geword het te midde van KI-modelle wat beter porboodskappe as mense skep, asook korporatiewe opleiding in porboodskapbou vir algemene werknemers.
Algemene porboodskaptegnieke sluit in ''multi-shot''-, gedagteketting- en gedagteboomporboodskapbou, sowel as die toekenning van rolle aan die model. Geoutomatiseerde porboodskapgenereringsmetodes, soos [[herwinningsaangevulde generering]] (RAG), bied groter akkuraatheid en 'n wyer omvang van funksies vir porboodskapingenieurs. [[Porboodskapinspuiting]] is 'n soort [[Rekenaarsekuriteit|kuberveiligheids]]aanval wat [[masjienleer]]modelle deur middel van kwaadwillige porboodskappe teiken.
== Terminologie ==
Die [[Oxford English Dictionary]] omskryf porboodskapingenieurswese (Engels: ''prompt engineering'') as "die handeling of proses om porboodskappe vir 'n [[kunsmatige-intelligensie]]-program, -algoritme, ensovoorts, te formuleer en te verfyn ten einde die afvoer daarvan te optimeer of 'n verlangde uitkoms te bereik; die dissipline of beroep wat hiermee gemoeid is."<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.oed.com/dictionary/prompt-engineering |title=Oxford English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2025 |chapter=prompt engineering}}</ref> In 2023 was die Engelse woord ''prompt'' (''porboodskap''; "'n instruksie wat aan 'n kunsmatige-intelligensieprogram, algoritme, ensovoorts, gegee word en wat die inhoud wat dit genereer, bepaal of beïnvloed") die naaswenner vir Oxford se [[woord van die jaar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oxford Word of the Year 2023 |url=https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/2023/ |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=Oxford Languages |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |language=en-GB |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131001517/https://languages.oup.com/word-of-the-year/2023/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Porboodskap ===
'n Porboodskap is [[natuurlike taal|natuurliketaal]]teks wat die taak beskryf en voorskryf wat 'n kunsmatige intelligensie (KI) moet uitvoer.<ref name="language-models-are-multitask">{{cite web |last1=Radford |first1=Alec |last2=Wu |first2=Jeffrey |last3=Child |first3=Rewon |last4=Luan |first4=David |last5=Amodei |first5=Dario |author-link5=Dario Amodei |last6=Sutskever |first6=Ilya |author-link6=Ilya Sutskever |year=2019 |title=Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners |url=https://cdn.openai.com/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf |publisher=OpenAI |quote="We demonstrate language models can perform down-stream tasks in a zero-shot setting – without any parameter or architecture modification" |access-date=June 19, 2023 |archive-date=February 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206183945/https://cdn.openai.com/better-language-models/language_models_are_unsupervised_multitask_learners.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> 'n Porboodskap vir 'n teks-na-teks-[[Groot taalmodel|taalmodel]] kan 'n navraag, 'n [[Bevel (rekenaarwese)|bevel]], of 'n langer stelling wees wat na konteks, [[Rekenaarprogram|instruksies]] en gespreksgeskiedenis verwys. Die proses van porboodskapingenieurswese kan behels dat duidelike navrae ontwerp word, bewoording verfyn word, tersaaklike konteks verskaf word, die styl van die afvoer gespesifiseer word, en 'n karakter toegeken word wat die KI moet naboots om die model na meer akkurate, nuttige en konsekwente antwoorde te lei.<ref name="Genkina">{{cite web |last=Genkina |first=Dina |date=2024-03-06 |title=AI Prompt Engineering is Dead: Long live AI prompt engineering |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/prompt-engineering-is-dead |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=[[IEEE Spectrum]] |archive-date=January 17, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117210904/https://spectrum.ieee.org/prompt-engineering-is-dead |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |last1=Wahle |first1=Jan Philip |title=Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing |last2=Ruas |first2=Terry |last3=Xu |first3=Yang |last4=Gipp |first4=Bela |date=2024 |publisher=Association for Computational Linguistics |editor-last=Al-Onaizan |editor-first=Yaser |location=Miami, Florida, USA |pages=11004–11033 |chapter=Paraphrase Types Elicit Prompt Engineering Capabilities |doi=10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.617 |editor2-last=Bansal |editor2-first=Mohit |editor3-last=Chen |editor3-first=Yun-Nung |chapter-url=https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.617/ |arxiv=2406.19898}}</ref>
Wanneer daar met 'n [[teks-na-beeld]]- of teks-na-klank-model gekommunikeer word, bevat 'n tipiese porboodskap 'n beskrywing van 'n verlangde afvoer, soos "'n hoëgehaltefoto van 'n ruimtevaarder wat op 'n perd ry"<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heaven |first=Will Douglas |date=April 6, 2022 |title=This horse-riding astronaut is a milestone on AI's long road towards understanding |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/04/06/1049061/dalle-openai-gpt3-ai-agi-multimodal-image-generation/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=MIT Technology Review}}</ref> of "lo-fi stadige BPM elektro-chill met organiese monsters".<ref>{{cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2023-06-12 |title=Meta open sources an AI-powered music generator |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/06/12/meta-open-sources-an-ai-powered-music-generator/ |access-date=2023-08-15 |publisher=TechCrunch |quote=Next, I gave a more complicated prompt to attempt to throw MusicGen for a loop: "Lo-fi slow BPM electro chill with organic samples."}}</ref> Porboodskapingenieurswese kan op teks-na-beeld-modelle toegepas word om 'n verlangde onderwerp, styl, uitleg, beligting en estetika te verkry.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mittal |first=Aayush |date=2023-07-27 |title=Mastering AI Art: A Concise Guide to Midjourney and Prompt Engineering |url=https://www.unite.ai/mastering-ai-art-a-concise-guide-to-midjourney-and-prompt-engineering/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Unite.AI |language=en-US |archive-date=May 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509164100/https://www.unite.ai/mastering-ai-art-a-concise-guide-to-midjourney-and-prompt-engineering/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Tegnieke ===
Algemene terme wat gebruik word om verskeie spesifieke porboodskapingenieurswesetegnieke te beskryf, sluit in ''gedagteketting'' (''chain-of-thought''),<ref name="weipaper" /> ''gedagteboom'' (''tree-of-thought''),<ref name=":5">{{Cite conference |date=2023 |title=Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models |arxiv=2305.10601 |conference=NeurIPS}}</ref> en [[herwinningsaangevulde generering]] (RAG).<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=31 May 2024 |title=Why Google's AI Overviews gets things wrong |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/05/31/1093019/why-are-googles-ai-overviews-results-so-bad/ |access-date=7 March 2025 |website=MIT Technology Review |archive-date=May 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503021705/https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/05/31/1093019/why-are-googles-ai-overviews-results-so-bad/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 'n Oorsig van die veld in 2024 het meer as 50 afsonderlike teksgebaseerde porboodskaptegnieke, 40 multimodale variante en 'n woordeskat van 33 terme wat in porboodskapnavorsing gebruik word, geïdentifiseer, wat 'n huidige gebrek aan gestandaardiseerde terminologie vir porboodskapingenieurswese uitlig.<ref name=":4">{{Cite arXiv |eprint=2406.06608 |class=cs.CL |first1=Sander |last1=Schulhoff |first2=Michael |last2=Ilie |title=The Prompt Report: A Systematic Survey of Prompt Engineering Techniques |date=2024 |last3=Balepur |first3=Nishant |last4=Kahadze |first4=Konstantine |last5=Liu |first5=Amanda |last6=Si |first6=Chenglei |last7=Li |first7=Yinheng |last8=Gupta |first8=Aayush |last9=Han |first9=HyoJung |last10=Schulhoff |first10=Sevien |author11=Pranav Sandeep Dulepet |last12=Vidyadhara |first12=Saurav |last13=Ki |first13=Dayeon |last14=Agrawal |first14=Sweta |last15=Pham |first15=Chau |last16=Kroiz |first16=Gerson |last17=Li |first17=Feileen |last18=Tao |first18=Hudson |last19=Srivastava |first19=Ashay |author20=Hevander Da Costa |last21=Gupta |first21=Saloni |last22=Rogers |first22=Megan L. |last23=Goncearenco |first23=Inna |last24=Sarli |first24=Giuseppe |last25=Galynker |first25=Igor |last26=Peskoff |first26=Denis |last27=Carpuat |first27=Marine |last28=White |first28=Jules |last29=Anadkat |first29=Shyamal |last30=Hoyle |first30=Alexander |display-authors=1}}</ref>
[[Vibe coding]] is 'n [[KI-ondersteunde sagtewareontwikkeling|KI-ondersteunde sagtewareontwikkelingsmetode]] waar 'n gebruiker 'n groot taalmodel por met 'n beskrywing van wat hulle wil hê en dit toelaat om die kode te genereer of te wysig. In 2025 was die Engelse woord "vibe coding" die [[Collins English Dictionary|Collins-woordeboek]] se woord van die jaar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kolirin |first=Lianne |date=2025-11-06 |title='Vibe coding' named Collins Dictionary's Word of the Year |url=https://www.cnn.com/2025/11/06/tech/vibe-coding-collins-word-year-scli-intl |access-date=2026-02-07 |website=CNN |language=en |archive-date=November 14, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251114002226/https://www.cnn.com/2025/11/06/tech/vibe-coding-collins-word-year-scli-intl |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Konteksingenieurswese ===
[[Konteksingenieurswese]] is 'n verwante proses wat fokus op die kontekselemente wat gebruikerporboodskappe vergesel, waaronder stelselinstruksies, herwinde kennis, gereedskapdefinisies, gespreksopsommings en taakmetadata. Konteksingenieurswese word toegepas om betroubaarheid, herkoms en tokendoeltreffendheid in [[Sagtewarelewensiklus|produksie]]stelsels met groot taalmodelle te verbeter.<ref>{{cite web |last=Casey |first=Matt M. |date=2025-11-05 |title=Context Engineering: The Discipline Behind Reliable LLM Applications & Agents |url=https://www.comet.com/site/blog/context-engineering/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |publisher=Comet |archive-date=November 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251111224338/https://www.comet.com/site/blog/context-engineering/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2025-07-02 |title=Context Engineering |url=https://blog.langchain.com/context-engineering-for-agents/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |publisher=LangChain |archive-date=November 11, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251111102526/https://blog.langchain.com/context-engineering-for-agents/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Die konsep beklemtoon operasionele praktyke soos tokenbegroting, herkomsetikette, weergawebeheer van konteks-artefakte, waarneembaarheid (die aanteken van watter konteks verskaf is), en konteks-regressietoetse om te verseker dat veranderinge aan die verskafde konteks nie die stelsel se gedrag stilweg verander nie.<ref>{{cite arXiv |eprint=2507.13334 |class=cs.CL |first=Lingrui |last=Mei |title=A Survey of Context Engineering for Large Language Models |date=2025-07-17}}</ref>
== Rasionaal ==
Navorsing het bevind dat die werkverrigting van [[Groot taalmodel|groot taalmodelle]] hoogs sensitief is vir keuses soos die volgorde van voorbeelde, die gehalte van demonstrasie-etikette, en selfs klein variasies in bewoording. In sommige gevalle het die herrangskikking van voorbeelde in 'n porboodskap akkuraatheidsverskuiwings van meer as 40 persent tot gevolg gehad.<ref name=":4" />
=== In-konteks-leer ===
'n Model se vermoë om tydelik uit porboodskappe te leer, staan bekend as ''in-konteks-leer''. In-konteks-leer is 'n [[ontluikende vermoëns van groot taalmodelle|ontluikende vermoë]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Wei |first1=Jason |last2=Tay |first2=Yi |last3=Bommasani |first3=Rishi |last4=Raffel |first4=Colin |last5=Zoph |first5=Barret |last6=Borgeaud |first6=Sebastian |last7=Yogatama |first7=Dani |last8=Bosma |first8=Maarten |last9=Zhou |first9=Denny |last10=Metzler |first10=Donald |last11=Chi |first11=Ed H. |last12=Hashimoto |first12=Tatsunori |last13=Vinyals |first13=Oriol |last14=Liang |first14=Percy |last15=Dean |first15=Jeff |date=October 2022 |title=Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models |journal=Transactions on Machine Learning Research |arxiv=2206.07682 |quote="In prompting, a pre-trained language model is given a prompt (e.g. a natural language instruction) of a task and completes the response without any further training or gradient updates to its parameters... The ability to perform a task via few-shot prompting is emergent when a model has random performance until a certain scale, after which performance increases to well-above random" |last16=Fedus |first16=William}}</ref> van groot taalmodelle. Dit is 'n ontluikende eienskap van modelskaal, wat beteken dat breuke in [[Neurale skaalwet|skaalwette]] voorkom, sodat die doeltreffendheid daarvan teen 'n ander tempo in groter modelle as in kleiner modelle toeneem.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Caballero |first1=Ethan |last2=Gupta |first2=Kshitij |last3=Rish |first3=Irina |last4=Krueger |first4=David |date=2023 |title=Broken Neural Scaling Laws |journal=ICLR |arxiv=2210.14891}}</ref> Anders as afrigting en [[Fynafstemming (diepleer)|fynafstemming]], wat blywende veranderinge meebring, is in-konteks-leer tydelik.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Musser |first1=George |author-link=George Musser |title=How AI Knows Things No One Told It |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-ai-knows-things-no-one-told-it/ |access-date=17 May 2023 |website=[[Scientific American]] |quote="By the time you type a query into ChatGPT, the network should be fixed; unlike humans, it should not continue to learn. So it came as a surprise that LLMs do, in fact, learn from their users' prompts—an ability known as in-context learning." |archive-date=July 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703174606/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-ai-knows-things-no-one-told-it/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Die afrigting van modelle om in-konteks-leer uit te voer, kan as 'n vorm van [[Meta-leer (rekenaarwetenskap)|meta-leer]], of "leer om te leer", beskou word.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Garg |first1=Shivam |last2=Tsipras |first2=Dimitris |last3=Liang |first3=Percy |last4=Valiant |first4=Gregory |date=2022 |title=What Can Transformers Learn In-Context? A Case Study of Simple Function Classes |url= |journal=NeurIPS |arxiv=2208.01066 |quote=Training a model to perform in-context learning can be viewed as an instance of the more general learning-to-learn or meta-learning paradigm}}</ref>
=== Porboodskapbou om modelsensitiwiteit te skat ===
Navorsing toon deurgaans dat groot taalmodelle hoogs sensitief is vir subtiele variasies in porboodskapformatering, -struktuur en taalkundige eienskappe. Sommige studies het tot 76 akkuraatheidspunte se verskil oor formateringsveranderinge in ''few-shot''-omgewings aangetoon.<ref name="auto">{{Cite conference |date=2024 |title=Quantifying Language Models' Sensitivity to Spurious Features in Prompt Design or: How I learned to start worrying about prompt formatting |conference=ICLR |arxiv=2310.11324}}</ref> Taalkundige kenmerke beïnvloed porboodskapdoeltreffendheid aansienlik – soos morfologie, sintaksis en leksiko-semantiese veranderinge – wat taakverrigting oor 'n verskeidenheid take heen betekenisvol verbeter.<ref name="auto1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Leidinger |first1=Alina |last2=van Rooij |first2=Robert |last3=Shutova |first3=Ekaterina |date=2023 |editor-last=Bouamor |editor-first=Houda |editor2-last=Pino |editor2-first=Juan |editor3-last=Bali |editor3-first=Kalika |title=The language of prompting: What linguistic properties make a prompt successful? |url=https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-emnlp.618/ |journal=Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023 |location=Singapore |publisher=Association for Computational Linguistics |pages=9210–9232 |arxiv=2311.01967 |doi=10.18653/v1/2023.findings-emnlp.618 |archive-date=December 13, 2024 |access-date=November 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213140628/https://aclanthology.org/2023.findings-emnlp.618/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Bysinsintaksis, byvoorbeeld, verbeter konsekwentheid en verminder onsekerheid in kennisherwinning.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Linzbach |first1=Stephan |title=Proceedings of the 2024 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers) |last2=Dimitrov |first2=Dimitar |last3=Kallmeyer |first3=Laura |last4=Evang |first4=Kilian |last5=Jabeen |first5=Hajira |last6=Dietze |first6=Stefan |date=June 2024 |publisher=Association for Computational Linguistics |editor-last=Duh |editor-first=Kevin |location=Mexico City, Mexico |pages=3645–3655 |chapter=Dissecting Paraphrases: The Impact of Prompt Syntax and supplementary Information on Knowledge Retrieval from Pretrained Language Models |doi=10.18653/v1/2024.naacl-long.201 |editor2-last=Gomez |editor2-first=Helena |editor3-last=Bethard |editor3-first=Steven |chapter-url=https://aclanthology.org/2024.naacl-long.201/ |arxiv=2404.01992 |archive-date=November 3, 2024 |access-date=November 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241103184605/https://aclanthology.org/2024.naacl-long.201/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Hierdie sensitiwiteit duur voort selfs met groter modelgroottes, bykomende ''few-shot''-voorbeelde, of instruksie-afstemming.
Om modelle se sensitiwiteit aan te spreek en hulle meer robuust te maak, is verskeie evalueringsmetodes voorgestel. FormatSpread fasiliteer sistematiese ontleding deur 'n reeks aanneemlike porboodskapformate te evalueer, wat 'n meer omvattende werkverrigtingsinterval bied.<ref name="auto" /> Op soortgelyke wyse skat PromptEval werkverrigtingsverdelings oor uiteenlopende porboodskappe heen, wat robuuste maatstawwe soos werkverrigtingskwantiele en akkurate evaluerings binne beperkte begrotings moontlik maak.<ref>{{Cite conference |date=2024 |title=Efficient multi-prompt evaluation of LLMs |conference=NeurIPS |arxiv=2405.17202}}</ref>
== Porboodskaptegnieke ==
=== Multi-shot ===
'n Porboodskap kan 'n paar voorbeelde insluit waaruit 'n model in konteks kan leer – 'n implementering van [[few-shot-leer]] vir groot taalmodelle.<ref name="weipaper" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Brown |first1=Tom |last2=Mann |first2=Benjamin |last3=Ryder |first3=Nick |last4=Subbiah |first4=Melanie |last5=Kaplan |first5=Jared D. |last6=Dhariwal |first6=Prafulla |last7=Neelakantan |first7=Arvind |year=2020 |title=Language models are few-shot learners |journal=Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems |volume=33 |pages=1877–1901 |arxiv=2005.14165}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Yaqing |last2=Yao |first2=Quanming |last3=Kwok |first3=James T. |last4=Ni |first4=Lionel M. |date=2020-06-12 |title=Generalizing from a Few Examples: A Survey on Few-shot Learning |url=https://doi.org/10.1145/3386252 |journal=ACM Comput. Surv. |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=63:1–63:34 |doi=10.1145/3386252 |issn=0360-0300|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Die porboodskap kan die model byvoorbeeld vra om "''<span lang="fr" dir="ltr">maison</span>'' {{arrow}} huis, ''<span lang="fr" dir="ltr">chat</span>'' {{arrow}} kat, ''<span lang="fr" dir="ltr">chien</span>'' {{arrow}}" te voltooi, met die verwagte antwoord ''hond''.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Garg |first1=Shivam |last2=Tsipras |first2=Dimitris |last3=Liang |first3=Percy |author3-link=Percy Liang |last4=Valiant |first4=Gregory |date=2022 |title=What Can Transformers Learn In-Context? A Case Study of Simple Function Classes |journal=NeurIPS |arxiv=2208.01066}}</ref>
=== Gedagteketting ===
{{Sien ook|Refleksie (kunsmatige intelligensie)}}
''Gedagteketting''-porboodskapbou (Engels: ''chain-of-thought'', CoT) is 'n tegniek wat [[groot taalmodelle]] in staat stel om 'n probleem as 'n reeks tussenstappe op te los voordat 'n finale antwoord gegee word. In 2022 het [[Google Brain]] berig dat gedagtekettingporboodskapbou [[outomatiese redenering|redeneervermoë]] verbeter deur die model aan te spoor om 'n meerstapprobleem met redenasiestappe te beantwoord wat 'n [[gedagtegang]] naboots.<ref name="weipaper" /><ref>{{Cite web |author=Narang |first1=Sharan |last2=Chowdhery |first2=Aakanksha |date=2022-04-04 |title=Pathways Language Model (PaLM): Scaling to 540 Billion Parameters for Breakthrough Performance |url=https://ai.googleblog.com/2022/04/pathways-language-model-palm-scaling-to.html |website=ai.googleblog.com |access-date=August 14, 2023 |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404161447/https://ai.googleblog.com/2022/04/pathways-language-model-palm-scaling-to.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Gedagtekettingtegnieke is ontwikkel om groot taalmodelle te help om meerstapredeneertake, soos [[rekenkunde]] of vrae oor [[gesondeverstandredenering]], te hanteer.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dang |first1=Ekta |date=8 February 2023 |title=Harnessing the power of GPT-3 in scientific research |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/harnessing-the-power-of-gpt-3-in-scientific-research/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=VentureBeat |archive-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318050303/https://venturebeat.com/ai/harnessing-the-power-of-gpt-3-in-scientific-research/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Montti |first1=Roger |date=13 May 2022 |title=Google's Chain of Thought Prompting Can Boost Today's Best Algorithms |url=https://www.searchenginejournal.com/google-chain-of-thought-prompting/450106/ |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=Search Engine Journal |language=en |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326222835/https://www.searchenginejournal.com/google-chain-of-thought-prompting/450106/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Toe dit op [[PaLM]], 'n [[taalmodel]] met 540 miljard parameters, toegepas is, het CoT-porboodskapbou volgens Google die model beduidend gehelp, wat dit in staat gestel het om vergelykbaar met taakspesifieke [[fynafstemming (masjienleer)|fyngestemde]] modelle op verskeie take te presteer en destyds die [[nuutste stand van tegniek|beste resultate tot dusver]] op die GSM8K-[[wiskundige redenering|wiskundigeredenering]]s[[maatstaf (rekenaarwese)|maatstaf]] te behaal.<ref name="weipaper" /> Dit is moontlik om modelle op CoT-redenasiedatastelle fyn af te stem om hierdie vermoë verder te versterk en beter [[interpreteerbaarheid]] te bevorder.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2024 |title=Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Models |url=https://jmlr.org/papers/volume25/23-0870/23-0870.pdf |journal=Journal of Machine Learning Research |archive-date=May 8, 2025 |access-date=May 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508091413/http://jmlr.org/papers/volume25/23-0870/23-0870.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wei |first1=Jason |last2=Tay |first2=Yi |date=29 November 2022 |title=Better Language Models Without Massive Compute |url=https://ai.googleblog.com/2022/11/better-language-models-without-massive.html |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=ai.googleblog.com |language=en |archive-date=March 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310184903/https://ai.googleblog.com/2022/11/better-language-models-without-massive.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
Soos oorspronklik deur Google voorgestel,<ref name="weipaper" /> word elke CoT-porboodskap vergesel van 'n stel toevoer-/afvoervoorbeelde – genoem ''eksemplare'' – om die verlangde modelafvoer te demonstreer, wat dit 'n [[few-shot]]-porboodskaptegniek maak. Volgens 'n latere artikel deur navorsers van Google en die [[Universiteit van Tokio]] was dit egter ook doeltreffend om bloot die woorde "Kom ons dink stap vir stap" ("Let's think step-by-step")<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Kojima |first1=Takeshi |author2=Shixiang Shane Gu |last3=Reid |first3=Machel |last4=Matsuo |first4=Yutaka |last5=Iwasawa |first5=Yusuke |date=2022 |title=Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasoners |journal=NeurIPS |arxiv=2205.11916}}</ref> by te voeg, wat CoT as 'n [[zero-shot]]-tegniek moontlik gemaak het.
Die voordele van gedagtekettingporboodskapbou wissel aansienlik volgens taaktipe. 'n Meta-ontleding wat meer as 100 studies van CoT gedek het, het bevind dat dit hoofsaaklik groot winste op wiskundige, logiese en simboliese redeneerprobleme lewer, met veel kleiner verbeterings op ander soorte take, en het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat CoT selektief toegepas kan word om afleidingskoste te verminder.<ref name="Sprague2024">{{Cite arXiv |last1=Sprague |first1=Zayne |last2=Yin |first2=Fangcong |last3=Rodríguez |first3=Juan Diego |last4=Jiang |first4=Dongwei |last5=Wadhwa |first5=Manya |last6=Singhal |first6=Prasann |display-authors=etal |title=To CoT or not to CoT? Chain-of-thought helps mainly on math and symbolic reasoning |year=2024 |class=cs.CL |eprint=2409.12183}}</ref> By take uit die kognitiewe sielkunde waar dit bekend is dat oorweging menslike prestasie benadeel, is bevind dat CoT die akkuraatheid van die beste huidige modelle verminder, in sommige gevalle aansienlik.<ref name="Liu2024">{{Cite arXiv |last1=Liu |first1=Ryan |last2=Geng |first2=Jiayi |last3=Wu |first3=Aiping |last4=Sucholutsky |first4=Ilia |last5=Lombrozo |first5=Tania |last6=Griffiths |first6=Thomas L. |title=Mind Your Step (by Step): Chain-of-Thought can Reduce Performance on Tasks where Thinking Makes Humans Worse |year=2024 |class=cs.LG |eprint=2410.21333}}</ref> 'n Sistematiese oorsig van gestruktureerde porboodskaptegnieke berig eweneens dat die bykomende redenasiestappe reaksietye en interaksiekompleksiteit verhoog, sodat die tegniek nie deurgaans verkieslik bo eenvoudiger porboodskappe vir feitelike of laekompleksiteitsnavrae is nie.<ref name="Cantini2026">{{Cite journal |last1=Cantini |first1=Alessia |last2=De Mauro |first2=Andrea |title=Better Prompts, Better Usefulness: A Systematic Review and Experimental Evaluation of Structured Prompting Techniques in Large Language Models |journal=Big Data and Cognitive Computing |year=2026 |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=224 |doi=10.3390/bdcc10070224 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
==== Selfkonsekwentheid ====
''Selfkonsekwentheid'' voer verskeie gedagtekettinguitvoerings uit en kies dan die gevolgtrekking wat die meeste algemeen oor al die uitvoerings heen bereik is.<ref>{{Cite conference |date=2023 |title=Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models |conference=ICLR |arxiv=2203.11171}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mittal |first=Aayush |date=2024-05-27 |title=Latest Modern Advances in Prompt Engineering: A Comprehensive Guide |url=https://www.unite.ai/latest-modern-advances-in-prompt-engineering-a-comprehensive-guide/ |access-date=2025-05-08 |website=Unite.AI |language=en-US |archive-date=August 19, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250819050708/https://www.unite.ai/latest-modern-advances-in-prompt-engineering-a-comprehensive-guide/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Gedagteboom ===
''Gedagteboom''-porboodskapbou veralgemeen gedagteketting deur verskeie redenasielyne gelyktydig te genereer, met die vermoë om terug te keer of ander paaie te verken. Dit kan [[Boomsoekalgoritme|boomsoekalgoritmes]] soos [[Breedte-eerste-soektog|breedte-eerste]], [[Diepte-eerste-soektog|diepte-eerste]] of [[Straalsoektog|straal]] gebruik.<ref name=":5" />
=== Teks-na-beeld-porboodskapbou ===
{{Sien ook|Kunsmatige-intelligensie-beeldkuns#Porboodskapingenieurswese en deling|Kunsmatige-intelligensie-beeldkuns}}
In 2022 is [[teks-na-beeld]]-modelle soos [[DALL-E 2]], [[Stable Diffusion]] en [[Midjourney]] aan die publiek vrygestel. Hierdie modelle neem teksporboodskappe as toevoer en gebruik dit om beelde te genereer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldman |first=Sharon |date=2023-01-05 |title=Two years after DALL-E debut, its inventor is "surprised" by impact |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/two-years-after-dall-e-debut-its-inventor-is-surprised-by-impact/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=January 18, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118182528/https://venturebeat.com/ai/two-years-after-dall-e-debut-its-inventor-is-surprised-by-impact/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Vroeë teks-na-beeld-modelle verstaan tipies nie ontkenning, grammatika en sinstruktuur op dieselfde manier as [[groot taalmodelle]] nie, en mag dus 'n ander stel porboodskaptegnieke vereis. Die porboodskap "'n partytjie sonder koek" mag 'n beeld voortbring wat wel 'n koek insluit.<ref name="Prompts">{{Cite web |title=Prompts |url=https://docs.midjourney.com/docs/prompts |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=docs.midjourney.com |archive-date=August 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823160959/https://docs.midjourney.com/docs/prompts |url-status=dead }}</ref>
{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| align = right
| total_width = 200
| image1 = Algorithmically-generated landscape artwork of forest with Shinto shrine.png
| image2 = Algorithmically-generated landscape artwork of forest with Shinto shrine using negative prompt for green trees.png
| image3 = Algorithmically-generated landscape artwork of forest with Shinto shrine using negative prompt for round stones.png
| footer = Demonstrasie van die uitwerking van negatiewe porboodskappe op beelde wat met [[Stable Diffusion]] gegenereer is<br>'''Bo''': geen negatiewe porboodskap<br>'''Middel''': "groen bome"<br>'''Onder''': "ronde klippe, ronde rotse"
}}
'n Teks-na-beeld-porboodskap sluit gewoonlik 'n beskrywing van die onderwerp van die kunswerk in, die verlangde medium (soos ''digitale skildery'' of ''fotografie''), styl (soos ''hiperrealisties'' of ''popkuns''), beligting (soos ''randbeligting'' of ''skemerstrale''), kleur en tekstuur.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-14 |title=Stable Diffusion prompt: a definitive guide |url=https://stable-diffusion-art.com/prompt-guide/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |archive-date=August 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814211136/https://stable-diffusion-art.com/prompt-guide/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Woordorde beïnvloed ook die afvoer van 'n teks-na-beeld-porboodskap. Woorde nader aan die begin van 'n porboodskap word moontlik swaarder beklemtoon.<ref name="diab">{{Cite web |last1=Diab |first1=Mohamad |last2=Herrera |first2=Julian |last3=Chernow |first3=Bob |date=2022-10-28 |title=Stable Diffusion Prompt Book |url=https://cdn.openart.ai/assets/Stable%20Diffusion%20Prompt%20Book%20From%20OpenArt%2011-13.pdf |access-date=2023-08-07 |quote="Prompt engineering is the process of structuring words that can be interpreted and understood by a ''text-to-image'' model. Think of it as the language you need to speak in order to tell an AI model what to draw." |archive-date=March 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330010200/https://cdn.openart.ai/assets/Stable%20Diffusion%20Prompt%20Book%20From%20OpenArt%2011-13.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Kunstenaarstyle ====
Sommige teks-na-beeld-modelle is in staat om die styl van bepaalde kunstenaars by die naam na te boots. Die frase ''in the style of Greg Rutkowski'' ("in die styl van Greg Rutkowski") is byvoorbeeld in Stable Diffusion- en Midjourney-porboodskappe gebruik om beelde in die kenmerkende styl van die Poolse digitale kunstenaar [[Greg Rutkowski]] te genereer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heikkilä |first=Melissa |date=2022-09-16 |title=This Artist Is Dominating AI-Generated Art and He's Not Happy About It |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/09/16/1059598/this-artist-is-dominating-ai-generated-art-and-hes-not-happy-about-it/ |access-date=2023-08-14 |website=MIT Technology Review |archive-date=January 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114125952/https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/09/16/1059598/this-artist-is-dominating-ai-generated-art-and-hes-not-happy-about-it/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Beroemde kunstenaars soos [[Vincent van Gogh]] en [[Salvador Dalí]] is ook vir stilering en toetsing gebruik.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Solomon |first=Tessa |date=2024-08-28 |title=The AI-Powered Ask Dalí and Hello Vincent Installations Raise Uncomfortable Questions about Ventriloquizing the Dead |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/issue/salvador-dali-vincent-van-gogh-ai-installations-ethics-1234714954/ |access-date=2025-01-10 |website=ARTnews.com |language=en-US |archive-date=January 24, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124074321/https://www.artnews.com/art-news/issue/salvador-dali-vincent-van-gogh-ai-installations-ethics-1234714954/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==== Tekstuele inversie en inbeddings ====
Vir teks-na-beeld-modelle voer ''tekstuele inversie'' 'n optimeringsproses uit om 'n nuwe [[woordinbedding]] te skep wat op 'n stel voorbeeldbeelde gebaseer is. Hierdie inbeddingsvektor tree op as 'n "pseudowoord" wat in 'n porboodskap ingesluit kan word om die inhoud of styl van die voorbeelde uit te druk.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gal |first1=Rinon |last2=Alaluf |first2=Yuval |last3=Atzmon |first3=Yuval |last4=Patashnik |first4=Or |last5=Bermano |first5=Amit H. |last6=Chechik |first6=Gal |last7=Cohen-Or |first7=Daniel |date=2023 |title=An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversion |journal=ICLR |arxiv=2208.01618 |quote=Using only 3-5 images of a user-provided concept, like an object or a style, we learn to represent it through new "words" in the embedding space of a frozen text-to-image model.}}</ref>
=== Beeldporboodskapbou ===
In 2023 het [[Meta Platforms|Meta]] se KI-navorsingsafdeling Segment Anything vrygestel, 'n [[rekenaarvisie]]model wat [[beeldsegmentering]] deur middel van porboodskapbou kan uitvoer. As alternatief vir tekspromts kan Segment Anything begrensingskaste, segmenteringsmaskers en voorgrond-/agtergrondpunte aanvaar.<ref name="Kirillov">{{Cite conference |date=2023 |title=Segment Anything |url=https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content/ICCV2023/papers/Kirillov_Segment_Anything_ICCV_2023_paper.pdf |conference=ICCV |access-date=May 9, 2025 |archive-date=April 28, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250428221529/https://openaccess.thecvf.com/content/ICCV2023/papers/Kirillov_Segment_Anything_ICCV_2023_paper.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Beperkings ===
Die proses om 'n porboodskap vir 'n groot taalmodel of generatiewe KI te skryf en te verfyn, toon sekere ooreenkomste met 'n iteratiewe ingenieursontwerpproses, byvoorbeeld deurdat herbruikbare beste praktyke deur reproduseerbare eksperimentering ontdek word. Verskeie fundamentele beperkings beperk egter die betroubaarheid daarvan as 'n dissipline. Doeltreffende porboodskapstrategieë is hoogs modelspesifiek; 'n tegniek wat werkverrigting op een model verbeter, kan dit op 'n ander model laat verswak, wat veralgemening bemoeilik. Porboodskappe is ook broos: geringe oppervlakkige veranderinge in bewoording, leestekens of woordorde kan dramaties verskillende afvoere lewer, selfs wanneer die semantiese bedoeling identies bly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Berry |first=David M. |date=2026-06-02 |title=Prompt anxiety and the algorithmic politics of uncertainty |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-026-03093-8 |journal=AI & Society |language=en |doi=10.1007/s00146-026-03093-8 |issn=1435-5655}}</ref> Hierdie onstabiliteit maak dit moeilik om duursame, oordraagbare porboodskappatrone oor ontplooiingskontekste heen te vestig.<ref>{{cite report |last1=Meincke |first1=Lennart |last2=Mollick |first2=Ethan R. |last3=Mollick |first3=Lilach |last4=Shapiro |first4=Dan |title=Prompting Science Report 1: Prompt Engineering is Complicated and Contingent |date=2025-03-04 |ssrn=5165270 }}</ref>
Verder raak baie handmatige porboodskaptegnieke verouderd namate KI-modelle se vermoë om gebruikersbedoeling direk te interpreteer bly verbeter. Vordering in instruksievolging en modelredenering het die marginale waarde van uitgebreide porboodskapkonstruksie vir alledaagse take verminder, wat vrae laat ontstaan oor die langtermynlewensvatbaarheid van porboodskapingenieurswese as 'n selfstandige dissipline.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bousquette |first=Isabelle |date=2025-04-25 |title=The Hottest AI Job of 2023 Is Already Obsolete |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hottest-ai-job-of-2023-is-already-obsolete-1961b054 |access-date=2026-05-24 |work=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=May 7, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507053042/https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hottest-ai-job-of-2023-is-already-obsolete-1961b054 |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Geoutomatiseerde porboodskapgenerering ==
Onlangse navorsing het geoutomatiseerde porboodskapingenieurswese ondersoek, waar optimeringsalgoritmes gebruik word om porboodskappe sonder menslike ingryping te genereer of te verfyn. Hierdie geoutomatiseerde benaderings poog om doeltreffende porboodskappatrone te identifiseer deur modelgradiënte, versterkingsterugvoer of evolusionêre prosesse te ontleed, wat die behoefte aan handmatige eksperimentering verminder.<ref>{{Cite arXiv |eprint=2502.11560 |class=cs.AI |first1=Wenwu |last1=Li |first2=Xiangfeng |last2=Wang |title=A Survey of Automatic Prompt Engineering: An Optimization Perspective |date=2025 |last3=Li |first3=Wenhao |last4=Jin |first4=Bo}}</ref>
=== Herwinningsaangevulde generering (RAG) ===
[[Herwinningsaangevulde generering]] is 'n tegniek wat generatiewe KI-modelle in staat stel om nuwe inligting te herwin en in te sluit. Dit wysig interaksies met 'n groot taalmodel sodat die model op gebruikersnavrae reageer met verwysing na 'n gespesifiseerde stel dokumente, en gebruik hierdie inligting om die inligting uit sy bestaande [[afrigtingsdata]] aan te vul. Dit stel groot taalmodelle in staat om domeinspesifieke en/of bygewerkte inligting te gebruik.<ref name=":6" />
RAG verbeter groot taalmodelle deur [[inligtingherwinning]] in te sluit voordat antwoorde gegenereer word. Anders as tradisionele groot taalmodelle wat op statiese afrigtingsdata staatmaak, trek RAG tersaaklike teks uit databasisse, opgelaaide dokumente of webbronne. Deur inligting dinamies te herwin, stel RAG KI in staat om meer akkurate antwoorde en minder [[Hallusinasie (kunsmatige intelligensie)|KI-hallusinasies]] te genereer sonder gereelde heropleiding.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2024 |title=Can a technology called RAG keep AI models from making stuff up? |url=https://arstechnica.com/ai/2024/06/can-a-technology-called-rag-keep-ai-models-from-making-stuff-up/ |access-date=7 March 2025 |website=Ars Technica |archive-date=June 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606121243/https://arstechnica.com/ai/2024/06/can-a-technology-called-rag-keep-ai-models-from-making-stuff-up/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Grafiekherwinningsaangevulde generering (GraphRAG) ===
[[File:GraphRAG.svg|thumb|GraphRAG met 'n kennisgrafiek wat toegangspatrone vir ongestruktureerde, gestruktureerde en gemengde data kombineer]]
GraphRAG (deur [[Microsoft Research]] geskep) is 'n tegniek wat RAG uitbrei deur die gebruik van 'n [[kennisgrafiek]] om die model in staat te stel om uiteenlopende stukke inligting te verbind, insigte te sintetiseer en opgesomde semantiese konsepte oor groot dataversamelings heen te verstaan. Dit is bewys as doeltreffend op datastelle soos Violent Incident Information from News Articles.<ref>{{citation |last1=Larson |first1=Jonathan |title=GraphRAG: Unlocking LLM discovery on narrative private data |date=February 13, 2024 |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/ |publisher=Microsoft |last2=Truitt |first2=Steven |access-date=May 7, 2024 |archive-date=May 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507061745/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=An Introduction to Graph RAG |url=https://www.kdnuggets.com/an-introduction-to-graph-rag |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=KDnuggets |language=en-US |archive-date=August 20, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250820103627/https://www.kdnuggets.com/an-introduction-to-graph-rag |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sequeda |first1=Juan |last2=Allemang |first2=Dean |last3=Jacob |first3=Bryon |date=2023 |title=A Benchmark to Understand the Role of Knowledge Graphs on Large Language Model's Accuracy for Question Answering on Enterprise SQL Databases |journal=Grades-Nda |arxiv=2311.07509}}</ref>
=== Die gebruik van taalmodelle om porboodskappe te genereer ===
Groot taalmodelle self kan gebruik word om porboodskappe vir groot taalmodelle op te stel.<ref>{{Cite conference |date=2023 |title=Explaining Patterns in Data with Language Models via Interpretable Autoprompting |url=https://aclanthology.org/2023.blackboxnlp-1.3.pdf |conference=BlackboxNLP Workshop |arxiv=2210.01848 |access-date=May 9, 2025 |archive-date=May 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509161046/https://aclanthology.org/2023.blackboxnlp-1.3.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Die ''outomatiese porboodskapingenieur''-algoritme gebruik een groot taalmodel om 'n [[straalsoektog]] oor porboodskappe vir 'n ander groot taalmodel uit te voer:<ref>{{Cite conference |date=2023 |title=Large Language Models are Human-Level Prompt Engineers |conference=ICLR |arxiv=2211.01910}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pryzant |first1=Reid |last2=Iter |first2=Dan |last3=Li |first3=Jerry |last4=Lee |first4=Yin Tat |last5=Zhu |first5=Chenguang |last6=Zeng |first6=Michael |date=2023 |title=Automatic Prompt Optimization with "Gradient Descent" and Beam Search |url=https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.494/ |journal=Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing |pages=7957–7968 |arxiv=2305.03495 |doi=10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.494 |archive-date=April 27, 2025 |access-date=May 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427054832/https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.494/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Daar is twee groot taalmodelle. Een is die teikenmodel, en die ander die porboodskapmodel.
* Die porboodskapmodel word voorbeelde van toevoer-afvoerpare voorgelê en gevra om instruksies te genereer wat 'n model wat daardie instruksies volg, sou laat om die gegewe afvoere uit die gegewe toevoere te lewer.
* Elkeen van die gegenereerde instruksies word gebruik om die teikenmodel te por, gevolg deur elkeen van die toevoere. Die log-waarskynlikhede van die afvoere word bereken en bymekaar getel. Dit is die telling van die instruksie.
* Die hoogsaangeslane instruksies word aan die porboodskapmodel gegee vir verdere variasies.
* Herhaal totdat 'n stopkriterium bereik word, en lewer dan die hoogsaangeslane instruksies as afvoer.
CoT-voorbeelde kan deur groot taalmodelle self gegenereer word. In "auto-CoT" word 'n biblioteek van vrae deur 'n model soos [[BERT (taalmodel)|BERT]] na vektore omgeskakel. Die vraagvektore word [[Trosontleding|gegroepeer]]. Vrae naby aan die [[swaartepunt]] van elke groep word gekies om 'n uiteenlopende subversameling vrae te verkry. 'n Groot taalmodel doen ''zero-shot''-CoT op elke gekose vraag. Die vraag en die ooreenstemmende CoT-antwoord word by 'n datastel van demonstrasies gevoeg. Hierdie uiteenlopende demonstrasies kan dan by porboodskappe gevoeg word vir ''few-shot''-leer.<ref>{{Cite conference |date=2023 |title=Automatic Chain of Thought Prompting in Large Language Models |conference=ICLR |arxiv=2210.03493}}</ref>
=== Outomatiese porboodskapoptimering ===
Outomatiese porboodskapoptimeringstegnieke verfyn porboodskappe vir groot taalmodelle deur outomaties oor alternatiewe porboodskapstringe te soek met behulp van evalueringsdatastelle en taakspesifieke maatstawwe:
* MIPRO (''Multi-prompt Instruction Proposal Optimizer'') optimeer die instruksies en ''few-shot''-demonstrasies van meerfase-taalmodelprogramme deur klein veranderinge aan moduleporboodskappe voor te stel en dié te behou wat 'n stroomaf-werkverrigtingsmaatstaf verbeter, sonder toegang tot etikette of gradiënte op moduelvlak.<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=Opsahl-Ong |first1=Krista |last2=Ryan |first2=Michael J. |last3=Purtell |first3=Josh |last4=Broman |first4=David |last5=Potts |first5=Christopher |last6=Zaharia |first6=Matei |last7=Khattab |first7=Omar |date=2024 |title=Optimizing Instructions and Demonstrations for Multi-Stage Language Model Programs |conference=Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) |location=Miami, Florida |publisher=Association for Computational Linguistics |arxiv=2406.11695 |doi=10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.525}}</ref>
* GEPA (''Genetic-Pareto'') is 'n refleksiewe porboodskapoptimeerder vir saamgestelde KI-stelsels wat taalmodelgebaseerde ontleding van uitvoeringspore en tekstuele terugvoer kombineer met 'n Pareto-gebaseerde evolusionêre soektog oor 'n populasie kandidaatstelsels; oor vier take heen rapporteer GEPA gemiddelde winste van ongeveer 10% bo [[Versterkingsleer|versterkingsleer]]gebaseerde ''Group Relative Policy Optimization'' (GRPO) en meer as 10% bo die MIPROv2-porboodskapoptimeerder, terwyl dit tot 35 keer minder uitvoerings as GRPO gebruik.<ref>{{Cite arXiv |eprint=2507.19457 |class=cs.CL |first=Lakshya A. |last=Agrawal |title=GEPA: Reflective Prompt Evolution Can Outperform Reinforcement Learning |date=2025}}</ref>
* Oopbronraamwerke soos DSPy en Opik stel hierdie en verwante optimeerders beskikbaar, wat dit moontlik maak om porboodskapsoektog as deel van 'n programmatiese pyplyn uit te druk eerder as deur handmatige proefneming.<ref>{{Cite arXiv |eprint=2310.03714 |class=cs.CL |first=Omar |last=Khattab |title=DSPy: Compiling Declarative Language Model Calls into Self-Improving Pipelines |date=2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Agent Optimization |url=https://www.comet.com/docs/opik/agent_optimization/overview |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=comet.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260122134444/https://www.comet.com/docs/opik/agent_optimization/overview |archive-date=2026-01-22}}</ref>
=== Die gebruik van gradiëntdaling om na porboodskappe te soek ===
In "voorvoegselafstemming" (''prefix-tuning''),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Li |first1=Xiang Lisa |title=Proceedings of the 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and the 11th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (Volume 1: Long Papers) |last2=Liang |first2=Percy |year=2021 |pages=4582–4597 |chapter=Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generation |doi=10.18653/V1/2021.ACL-LONG.353 |quote="In this paper, we propose prefix-tuning, a lightweight alternative to fine-tuning... Prefix-tuning draws inspiration from prompting" |s2cid=230433941}}</ref> "porboodskapafstemming" of "sagte porboodskapbou",<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lester |first1=Brian |title=Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing |last2=Al-Rfou |first2=Rami |last3=Constant |first3=Noah |year=2021 |pages=3045–3059 |chapter=The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning |doi=10.18653/V1/2021.EMNLP-MAIN.243 |quote="In this work, we explore "prompt tuning," a simple yet effective mechanism for learning "soft prompts"...Unlike the discrete text prompts used by GPT-3, soft prompts are learned through back-propagation" |s2cid=233296808 |arxiv=2104.08691}}</ref> word [[Wisselpuntrekenkunde|wisselpunt]]vektore direk deur [[gradiëntdaling]] deursoek om die log-aanneemlikheid op afvoere te maksimeer. 'n Vroeëre resultaat gebruik dieselfde idee van gradiëntdalingsoektog, maar is vir gemaskerde taalmodelle soos BERT ontwerp en soek slegs oor tokenreekse, eerder as numeriese vektore. Formeel soek dit na <math>\arg\max_{\tilde X} \sum_i \log Pr[Y^i | \tilde X \ast X^i]</math>, waar <math>\tilde X</math> oor tokenreekse van 'n gespesifiseerde lengte strek.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Shin |first1=Taylor |title=Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) |last2=Razeghi |first2=Yasaman |last3=Logan IV |first3=Robert L. |last4=Wallace |first4=Eric |last5=Singh |first5=Sameer |date=November 2020 |publisher=Association for Computational Linguistics |location=Online |pages=4222–4235 |chapter=AutoPrompt: Eliciting Knowledge from Language Models with Automatically Generated Prompts |doi=10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.346 |chapter-url=https://aclanthology.org/2020.emnlp-main.346 |doi-access=free |s2cid=226222232 |archive-date=June 11, 2023 |access-date=June 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611194552/https://aclanthology.org/2020.emnlp-main.346/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Geskiedenis ==
Vroeë presedente van gestruktureerde gebruikersinteraksie met reëlgebaseerde KI-stelsels kan in ondernemingsoutomatiseringsagteware uit die 1990's gevind word. Die Intelligent Filing Manager (1999), ontwikkel deur Krishna C. Mukherjee, het byvoorbeeld 'n dinamiese vraag-en-antwoord-koppelvlak gebruik wat deur 'n reëlgebaseerde [[ekspertstelsel]] aangedryf is om gebruikerstoevoere in te samel vir die outomatiese generering van regulatoriese indienings oor jurisdiksies heen.<ref>{{Cite conference |last=Mukherjee |first=Krishna C. |year=1999 |title=Automating Forms Publishing with the Intelligent Filing Manager |conference=IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics |pages=378–383 |doi=10.1109/ICSMC.1999.814108 }}</ref> Hoewel sulke stelsels nie neurale netwerke behels het nie, het hulle porboodskapagtige werkvloeie gehad wat latere mens-in-die-lus-KI-ontwerpe beïnvloed het. In 2018 het navorsers vir die eerste keer voorgestel dat alle voorheen afsonderlike take in [[natuurliketaalverwerking]] as vraag-en-antwoordprobleme oor 'n konteks geformuleer kon word. Daarbenewens het hulle 'n eerste enkele, gesamentlike, multitaakmodel afgerig wat enige taakverwante vraag sou beantwoord, soos "Wat is die sentiment?" of "Vertaal hierdie sin na Duits" of "Wie is die president?"<ref>{{Cite conference |last1=McCann |first1=Bryan |last2=Keskar |first2=Nitish |last3=Xiong |first3=Caiming |last4=Socher |first4=Richard| date=2018-06-20 |title=The Natural Language Decathlon: Multitask Learning as Question Answering |arxiv=1806.08730 |conference=ICLR}}</ref>
Die [[KI-oplewing]] het 'n toenemende fokus binne akademiese literatuur en professionele praktyk gesien op die toepassing van porboodskaptegnieke om die model die verlangde uitkoms te laat lewer en [[Hallusinasie (kunsmatige intelligensie)|onsinnige afvoer]] te vermy – 'n proses wat deur [[Proef en fout|proef en fout]] gekenmerk word.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Knoth |first1=Nils |last2=Tolzin |first2=Antonia |last3=Janson |first3=Andreas |last4=Leimeister |first4=Jan Marco |date=2024-06-01 |title=AI literacy and its implications for prompt engineering strategies |journal=Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence |volume=6 |article-number=100225 |doi=10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100225 |issn=2666-920X|doi-access=free }}</ref> Ná die vrystelling van [[ChatGPT]] in November 2022 is porboodskapingenieurswese gou as 'n belangrike sakevaardigheid beskou; maatskappye het begin om toegewyde porboodskapingenieurs aan te stel, hoewel die arbeidsmark vir porboodskapingenieurs onsekerheid in die gesig gestaar het gegewe vordering in KI se vermoë om beter porboodskappe as mense te genereer.<ref name="Genkina"/> Volgens ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' in 2025 was die pos van porboodskapingenieur een van die gewildste in 2023, maar het dit verouderd geraak weens modelle wat gebruikersbedoeling beter aanvoel en weens maatskappyopleiding.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bousquette |first=Isabelle |date=2025-04-25 |title=The Hottest AI Job of 2023 Is Already Obsolete |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hottest-ai-job-of-2023-is-already-obsolete-1961b054 |access-date=2025-05-07 |work=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=May 7, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507053042/https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-hottest-ai-job-of-2023-is-already-obsolete-1961b054 |url-status=live }}</ref>
'n Bewaarplek vir porboodskappe het berig dat meer as 2 000 openbare porboodskappe vir ongeveer 170 datastelle in Februarie 2022 beskikbaar was.<ref>{{Cite conference |date=2022 |title=PromptSource: An Integrated Development Environment and Repository for Natural Language Prompts |url=https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-demo.9/ |conference=Association for Computational Linguistics |access-date=May 9, 2025 |archive-date=May 19, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519061045/https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-demo.9/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022 is die ''gedagteketting''-porboodskaptegniek deur [[Google]]-navorsers voorgestel.<ref name="weipaper">{{cite conference |last1=Wei |first1=Jason |last2=Wang |first2=Xuezhi |last3=Schuurmans |first3=Dale |last4=Bosma |first4=Maarten |last5=Ichter |first5=Brian |last6=Xia |first6=Fei |last7=Chi |first7=Ed H. |last8=Le |first8=Quoc V. |last9=Zhou |first9=Denny |date=31 October 2022 |title=Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Models |conference=Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2022) |language=en |volume=35 |arxiv=2201.11903}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brubaker |first=Ben |date=2024-03-21 |title=How Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Helps Neural Networks Compute |url=https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-chain-of-thought-reasoning-helps-neural-networks-compute-20240321/ |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Quanta Magazine |language=en |archive-date=May 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250509153705/https://www.quantamagazine.org/how-chain-of-thought-reasoning-helps-neural-networks-compute-20240321/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023 is verskeie teks-na-teks- en teks-na-beeld-porboodskapdatabasisse openbaar beskikbaar gestel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/23/technology/ai-chatbot-life-coach.html|title=How to Turn Your Chatbot Into a Life Coach|last=Chen|first=Brian X.|date=2023-06-23|website=The New York Times|access-date=August 14, 2023|archive-date=August 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814211132/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/23/technology/ai-chatbot-life-coach.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chen |first=Brian X. |date=2023-05-25 |title=Get the Best From ChatGPT With These Golden Prompts |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/25/technology/ai-chatbot-chatgpt-prompts.html |url-access=registration |access-date=2023-08-16 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=August 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814211132/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/25/technology/ai-chatbot-chatgpt-prompts.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Die Personalized Image-Prompt (PIP)-datastel, 'n gegenereerde beeld-teks-datastel wat deur 3 115 gebruikers gekategoriseer is, is ook in 2024 openbaar beskikbaar gestel.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chen |first1=Zijie |last2=Zhang |first2=Lichao |last3=Weng |first3=Fangsheng |last4=Pan |first4=Lili |last5=Lan |first5=Zhenzhong |chapter=Tailored Visions: Enhancing Text-to-Image Generation with Personalized Prompt Rewriting |date=2024-06-16 |title=2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) |chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.00738 |publisher=IEEE |pages=7727–7736 |doi=10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.00738|arxiv=2310.08129 |isbn=979-8-3503-5300-6 }}</ref>
== porboodskapinspuiting ==
{{Hoofartikel|Porboodskapinspuiting}}
{{Sien ook|SQL-inspuiting|Kruistuiste-skripsie|Sosiale ingenieurswese (sekuriteit)}}
Porboodskapinspuiting is 'n [[kuberveiligheid]]seksploit waarin teenstanders toevoere skep wat wettig lyk maar ontwerp is om onbedoelde gedrag in [[Masjienleermodel|masjienleermodelle]], veral groot taalmodelle, te veroorsaak. Hierdie aanval buit die model se onvermoë uit om tussen ontwikkelaargedefinieerde porboodskappe en gebruikerstoevoere te onderskei, wat teenstanders in staat stel om veiligheidsmaatreëls te omseil en modelgedrag te beïnvloed. Hoewel groot taalmodelle ontwerp is om vertroude instruksies te volg, kan hulle deur versigtig saamgestelde toevoere gemanipuleer word om onbedoelde reaksies uit te voer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vigliarolo |first=Brandon |date=19 September 2022 |title=GPT-3 'prompt injection' attack causes bot bad manners |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/09/19/in_brief_security/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=[[The Register]] |language=en |archive-date=March 29, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329110712/https://www.theregister.com/2022/09/19/in_brief_security/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2024 |title=What is a prompt injection attack? |url=https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/prompt-injection |access-date=7 March 2025 |website=IBM |archive-date=March 3, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250303201800/https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/prompt-injection |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Verwysings ==
{{Verwysings}}
[[Kategorie:Masjienleer]]
[[Kategorie:Taalkunde]]
[[Kategorie:Generatiewe KI]]
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