ውክፔዲያ amwiki https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%93%E1%8B%8D_%E1%8C%88%E1%8C%BD MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter ፋይል ልዩ ውይይት አባል አባል ውይይት ውክፔዲያ ውክፔዲያ ውይይት ስዕል ስዕል ውይይት መልዕክት መልዕክት ውይይት መለጠፊያ መለጠፊያ ውይይት እርዳታ እርዳታ ውይይት መደብ መደብ ውይይት በር በር ውይይት TimedText TimedText talk ሞጁል ሞጁል ውይይት Event Event talk የአገሮች ገንዘብ ምንዛሪ 0 43443 392167 387424 2026-05-22T19:09:12Z ~2026-30745-48 58740 /* የአሜሪካን ዶላር */ 392167 wikitext text/x-wiki በ[[ገበያ]] ላይ ያሉ የአገሮች [[ገንዘብ]] ምንዛሪ == አንደኛ ደረጃ የገበያ ተንቀሳቃሾች == {| class="wikitable" ! የመቀያየሪያዎች ገንዘብ !! የአገሮች ስም |- valign="top"<br /> | EUR|USD<br /> GBP|USD<br /> USD|JPY<br /> | [[ዩሮ|የአውሮፓውያን ኢዩሮ]] | የ[[አሜሪካን ዶላር]]<br /> [[የእንግሊዝ ፓውንድ]] | የአሜሪካን ዶላር<br /> የአሜሪካን ዶላር | [[የጃፓን የን]]<br /> |}<br /> === የአሜሪካን ዶላር === 178ዶላር በኢትዮጵያ ብር ስንት ነዉ ? === የእንግሊዝ ፓውንድ === === የአውሮፓውያን ኢዩሮ === === የጃፓን የን === == ሁለተኛ ደረጃ የገበያ ተንቀሳቃሾች == <br /><br /> {| class="wikitable" ! የመቀያየሪያዎች ገንዘብ !! የአገሮች ስም |- valign="top"<br /> | EUR|GBP<br /> EUR|CHF<br /> USD|CHF<br /> GBP|JPY<br /> AUD|USD<br /> NZD|USD<br /><br /> SGD|JPY<br /> USD|SGD<br /> USD|MXN<br /> | የአውሮፓውያን ኢዩሮ | የእንግሊዝ ፓውንድ<br /> የአውሮፓውያን ኢዩሮ | [[የስዊዘርላንድ ፍራንክ]]<br /> የአሜሪካን ዶላር | የስዊዘርላንድ ፍራንክ<br /> የእንግሊዝ ፓውንድ | የጃፓን የን<br /> [[የአውስትራልያ ዶላር]] | የአሜሪካ ዶላር<br /> [[የኒው ዚላንድ ዶላር]] | የአሜሪካ ዶላር<br /><br /> [[የሲንጋፖር ዶላር]] | የጃፓን የን<br /> የአሜሪካ ዶላር | የሲንጋፖር ዶላር<br /> የአሜሪካ ዶላር | [[የሜክሲካን ፔሶ]]<br /> |}<br /> === የስዊዘርላንድ ፍራንክ === === የካናዳ ዶላር === === የአውስትራልያ ዶላር === === የኒውዚላንድ ዶላር === === የሜክሲኮ ፔሶ === [[መደብ:ገንዘብ]] 32mbfrom54mrln1pzrij6h0kcjmctj9 መለጠፊያ:Location map ፓኪስታን 10 44135 392164 385929 2026-05-22T12:03:07Z Gotitbro 29434 አንድ ለውጥ [[Special:Diff/385929|385929]] ከ[[Special:Contributions/76.53.254.138|76.53.254.138]] ([[User talk:76.53.254.138|ውይይት]]) ገለበጠ 392164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}} | name = ፓኪስታን | top = 37.3 | bottom = 23.4 | left = 60.5 | right = 80.5 | image = Pakistan adm location map.svg | image1 = Pakistan location map2.svg | image1 = Pakistan relief location map.jpg }}<noinclude><!-- -- The above switch-statement branches by text in parameter #1, -- returning the associated value after each equals sign ("="). -->{{Location map/Info}}{{Documentation}} [[Category:Location map by country templates|Pakistan]] [[Category:Pakistan location map templates| ]] </noinclude> 56cxgtnfbid9bu0pcz6zz83iqphmdgh 392165 392164 2026-05-22T12:03:20Z Gotitbro 29434 /* */ 392165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}} | name = ፓኪስታን | top = 37.3 | bottom = 23.4 | left = 60.5 | right = 80.5 | image = Pakistan location map.svg | image1 = Pakistan location map2.svg | image1 = Pakistan relief location map.jpg }}<noinclude><!-- -- The above switch-statement branches by text in parameter #1, -- returning the associated value after each equals sign ("="). -->{{Location map/Info}}{{Documentation}} [[Category:Location map by country templates|Pakistan]] [[Category:Pakistan location map templates| ]] </noinclude> prneykrjqtlngaa2b0xuuxktowgg1yc 392166 392165 2026-05-22T12:04:58Z Gotitbro 29434 /* */ 392166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}} | name = ፓኪስታን | top = 37.3 | bottom = 23.4 | left = 60.5 | right = 80.5 | image = Pakistan location map.svg | image1 = Pakistan relief location map.jpg }}<noinclude><!-- -- The above switch-statement branches by text in parameter #1, -- returning the associated value after each equals sign ("="). -->{{Location map/Info}}{{Documentation}} [[Category:Location map by country templates|Pakistan]] [[Category:Pakistan location map templates| ]] </noinclude> irlxqw2bzlaboad6hzuig17bg8xpw9y የአውርስያ አቆስጣ 0 47725 392171 338979 2026-05-23T07:36:35Z ~2026-30719-30 58751 አዉ 392171 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ስዕል:Otter in Southwold.jpg|300px|thumb|የአውርስያ አቆስጣ]] [[ስዕል:European Otter area.png|300px|thumb|የአውርስያ አቆስጣ የሚገኝበት ዙሪያ]] '''[[የአውርስያ]] አቆስጣ''' (Lutra lutra) በተለይ በ[[አውርስያ]] የሚገኝ የ[[ኣቆስጣ]] ዝርያ ነው። {{መዋቅር}} [[መደብ:አጥቢ እንስሳት]] [[መደብ:የዱር አራዊት]] doucrw6hpkaf904n4jiisruh62zaepf አቡበከር ናስር 0 53136 392169 386596 2026-05-23T03:55:48Z InternetArchiveBot 35471 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 392169 wikitext text/x-wiki '''አቡበከር ናሲር አህመድ''' ( የካቲት 23 ቀን 2000 ተወለደ) በደቡብ አፍሪካው ፕሪሚየር እግር ኳስ ሊግ ለ [[ማሜሎዲ ሰንዳውንስ ኤፍ.ሲ|ማሜሎዲ ሰንዳውንስ]] እና ለኢትዮጵያ ብሔራዊ ቡድን በአጥቂነት የሚጫወት ኢትዮጵያዊ ፕሮፌሽናል [[እግር ኳስ|እግር ኳስ ተጫዋች]] ነው። ቀደም ሲልም [[የኢትዮጵያ ፕሪሚየር ሊግ|በኢትዮጵያ ፕሪምየር ሊግ]] ለኢትዮጵያ [[የኢትዮጵያ ቡና|ቡና]] ለስድስት አመታት ተጫውቷል። <ref>{{Cite news|last=Enyadike|first=Emeka|date=12 March 2021|title=Nasri again inspires Ethiopia Coffee's win over beat Dire Dawa|work=Supersport|url=https://supersport.com/football/ethiopian-premier-league/news/210312_Nasri_again_inspires_Ethiopia_Coffees_win_over_beat_Dire_Dawa|accessdate=22 February 2023|archivedate=12 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612003728/https://supersport.com/football/ethiopian-premier-league/news/210312_Nasri_again_inspires_Ethiopia_Coffees_win_over_beat_Dire_Dawa}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFEnyadike2021">Enyadike, Emeka (12 March 2021). [https://supersport.com/football/ethiopian-premier-league/news/210312_Nasri_again_inspires_Ethiopia_Coffees_win_over_beat_Dire_Dawa "Nasri again inspires Ethiopia Coffee's win over beat Dire Dawa"] {{Wayback|url=https://supersport.com/football/ethiopian-premier-league/news/210312_Nasri_again_inspires_Ethiopia_Coffees_win_over_beat_Dire_Dawa |date=20220612003728 }}. ''Supersport''.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=24 March 2021|title=Ethiopia stun Madagascar to revive qualification hopes|work=Box Score News|url=https://boxscorenews.com/ethiopia-stun-madagascar-to-revive-qualification-hopes-p159207-290.htm|accessdate=22 February 2023|archivedate=22 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230222170331/https://boxscorenews.com/ethiopia-stun-madagascar-to-revive-qualification-hopes-p159207-290.htm}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://boxscorenews.com/ethiopia-stun-madagascar-to-revive-qualification-hopes-p159207-290.htm "Ethiopia stun Madagascar to revive qualification hopes"] {{Wayback|url=https://boxscorenews.com/ethiopia-stun-madagascar-to-revive-qualification-hopes-p159207-290.htm |date=20230222170331 }}. ''Box Score News''. 24 March 2021.</cite></ref> [[ስዕል:Cap-vert vs Ethiopi (37).jpg|thumb|right]] == የክለብ ሥራ == ናስር በ2016 የመጀመሪያውን ክለቡን [[ሐረር ቢራ የእግር ኳስ ክለብ|ሀረር ከተማን]] ለቆ ወደ ቋሚ ሀያል ክለብ [[የኢትዮጵያ ቡና|ኢትዮጵያ ቡና]] ተቀላቅሏል። <ref>{{Cite news|last=Gebremariam|first=Abraham|date=4 March 2021|title=የአቡበከር ናስር ወደ ታላቅነት ጉዞ|work=Soccer Ethiopia|url=https://soccerethiopia.net/football/65359|accessdate=4 March 2023|archivedate=4 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304001055/https://soccerethiopia.net/football/65359}}</ref> ናሲር መጀመሪያ ላይ ለክለቡ ቢ ቡድን ከተጫወተ በኋላ በአጭር ጊዜ ውስጥ ዋናውን ቡድን መቀላቀል ችሏል ። <ref>{{Cite news|last=Tolesa|first=Dawit|date=20 March 2021|title=Abubakir: the early lights of a new star|work=The Reporter Ethiopia|url=https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/article/abubakir-early-lights-new-star}}</ref> በ2020 ናሲር ከኢትዮጵያ ቡና ጋር እስከ 2025 ድረስ በክለቡ የሚያቆየውን የኮንትራት ማራዘሚያ ፈርሟል <ref>{{Cite web|title=አቡበከር ናስር እና ሚኪያስ መኮንን ስለ ውል ማራዘማቸው ይናገራሉ|url=https://soccerethiopia.net/football/59871|accessdate=2023-03-04|archivedate=2020-12-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202122800/https://soccerethiopia.net/football/59871}}</ref> በ2021 የካይዘር ቺፍስ እና የዲኤስቲቪ ፕሪሚየርሺፕ ማሜሎዲ ሰንዳውንስ ኢትዮጵያዊውን ድንቅ አቡበከር ናሲርን ለማስፈረም ፍላጎት እንዳላቸው ተዘግቧል። ናሲርን ለማስፈረም የአልጄሪያ እና የግብፅ ክለቦችም ፍላጎት እንዳላቸው መረጃዎች ያመላክታሉ። እንደ "ኪክ ኦፍ" ዘገባ ከሆነ የቡና ስፖርት ክለብ አጥቂውን ለመግዛት ከታንዛኒያው AZAM የቀረበለትን ጥያቄ ውድቅ አድርጓል። ሕትመቱ ናሲር የጆርጂያ ክለብ እና የስፔን ዝቅተኛ ሊግ ክለቦች ተጫዋቹን ለማስፈረም ፍላጎት እንደነበራቸው ዘግቧል። <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 November 2021|title=Kaizer Chiefs and Mamelodi Sundowns step up Nassir chase BUT...|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/soccer/psl-south-africa/kaizer-chiefs-and-mamelodi-sundowns-step-up-nassir-chase-but/|work=The South African}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=11 June 2021|title=Ethiopian wonderkid Abubeker Nasir attracts PSL interest|url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/premiership/ethiopian-wonderkid-abubeker-nasir-attracts-psl-interest/700657|work=Kick Off|accessdate=4 March 2023|archivedate=25 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125094847/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/premiership/ethiopian-wonderkid-abubeker-nasir-attracts-psl-interest/700657}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=31 January 2022|title=Ethiopian striker, Abubeker Nassir could land a dream contract with Mamelodi Sundowns after impressing the club's technical team during his trial.|url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/premiership/ethiopian-striker-abubeker-nassir-could-land-a-dream-contract-with-mamelodi-sundowns-after-impressin/712269|work=Kick Off|accessdate=4 March 2023|archivedate=10 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210144613/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/premiership/ethiopian-striker-abubeker-nassir-could-land-a-dream-contract-with-mamelodi-sundowns-after-impressin/712269}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=31 January 2022|title=Sundowns Set To Offer Nassir Contract|url=https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/local/dstv-premiership/sundowns-set-to-offer-nassir-contract/|work=iDiski Times|accessdate=4 March 2023|archivedate=1 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201043741/https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/local/dstv-premiership/sundowns-set-to-offer-nassir-contract/}}</ref> == ዓለም አቀፍ ሥራ == === ዓለም አቀፍ ግቦች === ''ውጤት እና ውጤት የኢትዮጵያን የጎል ብዛት ይዘረዝራል።'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Abubeker Nassir|url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/76206/Abubeker_Nasir.html}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !አይ. !ቀን !ቦታ !ተቃዋሚ !ነጥብ !ውጤት !ውድድር |- | align="center" |1 |17 ማርች 2021 |ባህር ዳር ስታዲየም [[ባሕር-ዳር|ባህር ዳር]] ኢትዮጵያ |ማላዊ | align="center" |'''4-0''' | align="center" |4–0 |[[Exhibition game#Association football|ወዳጃዊ]] |- | align="center" |2 |24 ማርች 2021 |ባህር ዳር ስታዲየም ባህር ዳር ኢትዮጵያ |ማዳጋስካር | align="center" |'''3-0''' | align="center" |4–0 |[[2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification Group K|የ2021 የአፍሪካ ዋንጫ ማጣሪያ]] |- | align="center" |3 |30 ኦገስት 2021 |ባህር ዳር ስታዲየም ባህር ዳር ኢትዮጵያ |ኡጋንዳ | align="center" |'''1-0''' | align="center" |2–1 |ወዳጃዊ |- | align="center" |4 |ህዳር 14 ቀን 2021 |ብሔራዊ ስፖርት ስታዲየም ፣ [[ሀራሬ]] ፣ ዚምባብዌ |ዝምባቡዌ | align="center" |'''1-1''' | align="center" |1–1 |[[2022 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF Second Round|የ2022 የፊፋ የዓለም ዋንጫ ማጣሪያ]] |} 54z1q8ohag2ksxp9eqfjq86z5xkrrzj የኢንፎርሜሽን ሳይንስ 0 54141 392170 392151 2026-05-23T06:59:55Z InternetArchiveBot 35471 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 392170 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ስዕል:Bibliometrics definition.svg|thumb|426x426px]] '''የኢንፎርሜሽን ሳይንስ''' (የመረጃ ጥናቶች በመባልም ይታወቃል) በዋነኛነት በመተንተን፣ በመሰብሰብ፣ በመመደብ፣ በማታለል፣ በማከማቸት፣ በማንሳት፣ በመንቀሳቀስ፣ በማሰራጨት እና በ[[የመረጃ ኅብረተሠብ|መረጃ]] ጥበቃ ላይ የሚያተኩር የ[[ትምህርት]] መስክ ነው።[1] በመስክ ውስጥ እና ከውጪ ያሉ ባለሙያዎች የመረጃ ስርአቶችን የመፍጠር፣ የመተካት፣ የማሻሻል ወይም የመረዳት አላማ በሰዎች፣ በድርጅቶች እና በማናቸውም ነባር የመረጃ ስርዓቶች መካከል ካለው መስተጋብር በተጨማሪ በድርጅቶች ውስጥ የ[[እውቀት]] አተገባበር እና አጠቃቀም ያጠናል። ከታሪክ አኳያ [[የመረጃ ሳይንስ]] (ኢንፎርማቲክስ) ከ[[ኮምፒዩተር ሳይንስ]]፣ ከዳታ ሳይንስ፣ ከ[[ሥነ-ልቦና|ሥነ ልቦና፣]] ከ[[ቴክኖዎሎጂ|ቴክኖሎጂ]]፣ ከቤተመፃህፍት ሳይንስ፣ ከጤና አጠባበቅ እና ከስለላ ኤጀንሲዎች ጋር የተያያዘ ነው።[2] ሆኖም፣ የመረጃ ሳይንስ እንደ አርኪቫል ሳይንስ፣ የግንዛቤ ሳይንስ፣ [[ንግድ]]፣ [[ህግ]]፣ የቋንቋ ሳይንስ፣ ሙዚዮሎጂ፣ አስተዳደር፣ [[ሂሳብ]]፣ [[ፍልስፍና]]፣ የህዝብ ፖሊሲ ​​እና ማህበራዊ ሳይንሶች ያሉ የተለያዩ ዘርፎችን ያካትታል። == መሠረቶች == '''ወሰን እና ቅርብ''' የኢንፎርሜሽን ሳይንስ ችግሮችን ከሚመለከታቸው ባለድርሻ አካላት አንፃር በመረዳት መረጃን እና ሌሎች ቴክኖሎጂዎችን እንደ አስፈላጊነቱ በመተግበር ላይ ያተኩራል። በሌላ አገላለጽ፣ በዚያ ሥርዓት ውስጥ ካሉ የ[[ቴክኖሎጂ]] ክፍሎች ይልቅ በመጀመሪያ የስርዓት ችግሮችን ይፈታል ማለት ነው። በዚህ ረገድ አንድ ሰው የመረጃ ሳይንስን ለቴክኖሎጂ ቆራጥነት ምላሽ አድርጎ ማየት ይችላል, ቴክኖሎጂ "በራሱ ህጎች ያድጋል, የራሱን እምቅ ችሎታ የሚገነዘበው, በሚገኙ ቁሳዊ ሀብቶች እና በገንቢዎቹ ፈጠራ ብቻ የተገደበ ነው. ስለዚህ ሁሉንም ሌሎች የህብረተሰብ ስርአቶችን የሚቆጣጠር እና የሚያሰራጭ ራሱን የቻለ ስርዓት ተደርጎ ይወሰድ።"[3] '''ፍቺዎች''' የመጀመሪያው የታወቀው "የመረጃ ሳይንስ" ቃል አጠቃቀም በ1955 ነበር።[4] የኢንፎርሜሽን ሳይንስ ቀደምት ፍቺ (ወደ 1968 የአሜሪካ ሰነድ ኢንስቲትዩት እራሱን የአሜሪካ የመረጃ ሳይንስ እና ቴክኖሎጂ ማህበር ብሎ የሰየመበት አመት) እንዲህ ይላል። "የኢንፎርሜሽን ሳይንስ የመረጃ ባህሪ እና ባህሪን ፣ የመረጃ ፍሰትን የሚቆጣጠሩ ሀይሎችን እና የመረጃ አያያዝ ዘዴዎችን ለተመቻቸ ተደራሽነት እና አጠቃቀም የሚመረምር ዲሲፕሊን ነው ። አመጣጡን ፣ አሰባሰብን በሚመለከት የእውቀት አካልን ይመለከታል። አደረጃጀት፣ ማከማቻ፣ ሰርስሮ ማውጣት፣ አተረጓጎም፣ ማስተላለፍ፣ መለወጥ እና መረጃን መጠቀም ይህ በተፈጥሮም ሆነ በአርቴፊሻል ሲስተም ውስጥ ያሉ የመረጃ ውክልናዎች ትክክለኛነት፣ የተቀላጠፈ መልእክት ለማስተላለፍ ኮዶችን መጠቀም እና የመረጃ ማቀነባበሪያ መሳሪያዎችን እና ቴክኒኮችን ማጥናትን ያጠቃልላል። እንደ ኮምፒውተር እና የፕሮግራም አወጣጥ ስርዓታቸው፡ ከሂሳብ፣ ከሎጂክ፣ ከቋንቋ፣ ከስነ ልቦና፣ ከኮምፒዩተር ቴክኖሎጂ፣ ከኦፕሬሽን ምርምር፣ ከግራፊክ ጥበብ፣ ከግንኙነት፣ ከማኔጅመንት እና ከሌሎች ተመሳሳይ ዘርፎች የተገኘ እና ተያያዥነት ያለው ኢንተርዲሲፕሊናዊ ሳይንስ ነው። አፕሊኬሽኑን ሳይመለከት ጉዳዩን የሚጠይቅ ንጹህ የሳይንስ ክፍል እና አገልግሎቶችን እና ምርቶችን የሚያዳብር ተግባራዊ ሳይንስ አካል። (ቦርኮ 1968፣ ገጽ 3) [5] '''የመረጃ ፍልስፍና''' የመረጃ ፍልስፍና በ[[ስነ-ልቦና]]፣ በ[[ኮምፒውተር ሳይንስ]]፣ በኢንፎርሜሽን ቴክኖሎጂ እና በ[[ፍልስፍና]] መገናኛ ላይ የሚነሱ ፅንሰ-ሀሳባዊ ጉዳዮችን ያጠናል። ተለዋዋጭ ሁኔታዎችን ፣ አጠቃቀሙን እና ሳይንሶችን እንዲሁም የመረጃ-ንድፈ-ሀሳባዊ እና ስሌት ዘዴዎችን በፍልስፍና ችግሮቹ ላይ ማብራራት እና መተግበርን ጨምሮ የፅንሰ-ሀሳባዊ ተፈጥሮ እና የመረጃ መሰረታዊ መርሆችን መመርመርን ያጠቃልላል።[10] == ሙያዎች == '''የመረጃ ሳይንቲስት''' የኢንፎርሜሽን ሳይንቲስት ግለሰብ ነው፣ ብዙውን ጊዜ ተዛማጅነት ያለው የትምህርት አይነት ዲግሪ ወይም ከፍተኛ የትምህርት ደረጃ ያለው፣ በኢንዱስትሪ ውስጥ ላሉ ሳይንሳዊ እና ቴክኒካል ምርምር ሰራተኞች ወይም መምህራንን እና ተማሪዎችን በአካዳሚ ትምህርት የሚሰጥ መረጃ የሚሰጥ ነው። የኢንደስትሪው *የመረጃ ስፔሻሊስት/ሳይንቲስት* እና የአካዳሚክ መረጃ ርዕሰ ጉዳይ ስፔሻሊስት/ላይብረሪያን በአጠቃላይ ተመሳሳይ የርእሰ-ጉዳይ ዳራ ስልጠና አላቸው፣ነገር ግን የአካዳሚክ ቦታ ያዡ ሁለተኛ ዲግሪ (MLS/MI/MA in IS, e.g.) እንዲይዝ ይጠበቅበታል። ከርዕሰ ጉዳይ ማስተር በተጨማሪ በመረጃ እና በቤተመጻሕፍት ጥናቶች። ርዕሱ በኢንፎርሜሽን ሳይንስ ላይ ምርምር የሚያደርግ ግለሰብንም ይመለከታል። '''የስርዓት ተንታኝ''' የስርዓት ተንታኝ ለአንድ የተወሰነ ፍላጎት የመረጃ ስርዓቶችን በመፍጠር፣ በመንደፍ እና በማሻሻል ላይ ይሰራል። ብዙ ጊዜ የስርዓት ተንታኞች በድርጅቱ (ዎች) ውስጥ ቅልጥፍናን እና [[ምርታማነት]]ን ለማሻሻል ድርጅታዊ ሂደቶችን እና መረጃን የማግኘት ቴክኒኮችን ለመገምገም እና ለመተግበር ከአንድ ወይም ከዚያ በላይ ከሆኑ ንግዶች ጋር ይሰራሉ። '''የመረጃ ባለሙያ''' የመረጃ ባለሙያ ማለት መረጃን የሚጠብቅ፣ የሚያደራጅ እና የሚያሰራጭ ግለሰብ ነው። የመረጃ ባለሙያዎች የተቀዳ እውቀትን በማደራጀት እና በማንሳት የተካኑ ናቸው። በተለምዶ ሥራቸው ከሕትመት ዕቃዎች ጋር ነው, ነገር ግን እነዚህ ችሎታዎች በኤሌክትሮኒክስ, ምስላዊ, ኦዲዮ እና ዲጂታል ቁሳቁሶች እየጨመሩ መጥተዋል. የመረጃ ባለሙያዎች በተለያዩ የህዝብ፣ የግል፣ ለትርፍ ያልተቋቋሙ እና የትምህርት ተቋማት ውስጥ ይሰራሉ። የመረጃ ባለሙያዎችም በድርጅታዊ እና በኢንዱስትሪ ሁኔታዎች ውስጥ ሊገኙ ይችላሉ. የስርዓት ንድፍ እና ልማት እና የስርዓት ትንተና የሚያካትቱ ሚናዎችን ማከናወን። == ታሪክ == '''ቀደምት ጅምር''' የኢንፎርሜሽን ሳይንስ መረጃን መሰብሰብ፣ መመደብ፣ ማጭበርበር፣ ማከማቻ፣ ሰርስሮ ማውጣት እና ማሰራጨት በማጥናት የሰው ልጅ የ[[እውቀት]] ክምችት ውስጥ ነው። የመረጃ ትንተና የተካሄደው ቢያንስ በአሦር ኢምፓየር ዘመን ባሁኑ ጊዜ [[ቤተ መጻሕፍት]] እና መዛግብት በመባል የሚታወቁት የ[[ባህል]] ማስቀመጫዎች ብቅ እያሉ ነው።[14] በተቋም ደረጃ የኢንፎርሜሽን ሳይንስ በ19ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን ከሌሎች በርካታ የማህበራዊ ሳይንስ ዘርፎች ጋር ብቅ አለ። እንደ ሳይንስ ግን በሳይንስ [[ታሪክ]] ውስጥ ተቋማዊ ሥረ መሰረቱን ያገኘው በ1665 በሮያል ሶሳይቲ ([[ለንደን|ሎንዶን]]) የ[[ፍልስፍና]] ግብይቶች የመጀመሪያ እትሞችን ባጠቃላይ እንደ መጀመሪያው ሳይንሳዊ መጽሔት ከታተመ ጀምሮ ነው። የሳይንስ ተቋማዊነት በ [[18ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት|18 ኛው ክፍለ ዘመን]] ውስጥ ተከስቷል. እ.ኤ.አ. በ1731 [[ቤንጃሚን ፍራንክሊን]] በሕዝባዊ ዜጎች ቡድን ባለቤትነት የተያዘውን የ[[ፊላዴልፊያ]] ላይብረሪ ካምፓኒ አቋቋመ፣ እሱም በፍጥነት ከመጻሕፍት ግዛት አልፎ የሳይንሳዊ ሙከራ ማዕከል የሆነው እና የህዝብ ሳይንሳዊ ሙከራዎችን ያቀረበ።[15] ] ቤንጃሚን ፍራንክሊን በ[[ማሣቹሰትስ|ማሳቹሴትስ]] ከተማ ለሁሉም በነጻ እንዲገኝ ድምጽ የሰጠችውን የመፅሃፍ ስብስብ በ[[ማሣቹሰትስ|ማሳቹሴትስ]] ላይ ኢንቨስት አድርጓል።[16] አካዳሚ ደ ቺሩርጊያ ([[ፓሪስ]]) በ1736 የመጀመሪያው የ[[ሕክምና]] መጽሔት ተብሎ የሚታሰበውን Memoires pour les Chirurgiens አሳተመ። በሮያል ሶሳይቲ ([[ለንደን|ሎንዶን]]) ላይ የተቀረጸው የ[[አሜሪካ]] የፍልስፍና ማህበር በ1743 በ[[ፊላዴልፊያ|ፊላደልፊያ]] ተቋቋመ። እንደ ሌሎች በርካታ ሳይንሳዊ መጽሔቶች እና ማህበረሰቦች ተመስርተው፣ አሎይስ ሴኔፌልደር በ1796 በ[[ጀርመን]] ውስጥ በጅምላ ማተሚያ ስራ ላይ የሚውል የሊቶግራፊን ፅንሰ-ሀሳብ አዳብረዋል። == ማህበራዊ ሚዲያ በሰዎች እና በኢንዱስትሪ ላይ የሚያሳድረው ተጽዕኖ == የማህበራዊ ሚዲያ ኔትወርኮች ብዙ ጊዜ ወይም ባህላዊ የመረጃ ስርጭት መዳረሻ ላላቸው ሰዎች ክፍት የመረጃ አካባቢን ይሰጣሉ፣ "[26] የማህበራዊ ሚዲያ ውህደት እንደ የመዳረሻ ነጥብ ለተጠቃሚዎች እና አቅራቢዎች በጣም ጠቃሚ እና ሁለገብ ጠቃሚ መሳሪያ ነው። ሁሉም ዋና ዋና የዜና አቅራቢዎች ታይነት እና እንደ [[ፌስቡክ]] እና [[ትዊተር]] ባሉ አውታረ መረቦች በኩል የተመልካቾችን ስፋት ከፍ በማድረግ የመድረሻ ነጥብ አላቸው። በማህበራዊ ሚዲያ ሰዎች መረጃን በሚያውቁት ሰዎች ይመራሉ ወይም ይሰጣሉ። "በ...ይዘት ላይ ማጋራት፣ ላይክ እና አስተያየት የመስጠት" [28] መቻል ተደራሽነቱን ከባህላዊ ዘዴዎች የበለጠ እና ሰፊ ያደርገዋል። ሰዎች ከመረጃ ጋር መገናኘት ይወዳሉ፣ የሚያውቋቸውን ሰዎች በእውቀት ክበባቸው ውስጥ ማካተት ያስደስታቸዋል። በማህበራዊ ሚዲያ ማጋራት በጣም ተደማጭነት ስላለው አሳታሚዎች ስኬታማ ለመሆን ከፈለጉ "በጥሩ መጫወት" አለባቸው። ምንም እንኳን ሁለቱንም የተጠቃሚ መሰረት ተሞክሮዎች ለማሻሻል ብዙ ጊዜ ለአሳታሚዎች እና ፌስቡክ "አዲስ ይዘትን ማጋራት፣ ማስተዋወቅ እና ይፋ ማድረግ"[28] በጋራ ይጠቅማል። የብዙዎች አስተያየት ተጽእኖ ሊታሰብ በማይቻል መንገድ ሊሰራጭ ይችላል. ማህበራዊ ሚዲያ በቀላሉ ለመማር እና በመሳሪያዎች ተደራሽነት መስተጋብር ይፈቅዳል። ዎል ስትሪት ጆርናል በፌስቡክ በኩል መተግበሪያን ያቀርባል፣ እና ዋሽንግተን ፖስት አንድ እርምጃ ወደ ፊት ሄዶ በ6 ወራት ውስጥ በ19.5 ሚሊዮን ተጠቃሚዎች የወረደ ራሱን የቻለ ማህበራዊ መተግበሪያ ያቀርባል፣ መረጃ. == የምርምር ዘርፎች እና መተግበሪያዎች == የኢንፎርሜሽን ሳይንስ የሚመረምረው እና የሚያዳብርባቸው የሚከተሉት ዘርፎች ናቸው። '''የመረጃ ተደራሽነት''' የመረጃ ተደራሽነት የኢንፎርማቲክስ፣ የኢንፎርሜሽን ሳይንስ፣ የኢንፎርሜሽን ደህንነት፣ የቋንቋ ቴክኖሎጂ እና የ[[ኮምፒውተር ሳይንስ]] መገናኛ ላይ የምርምር መስክ ነው። የመረጃ ተደራሽነት [[ጥናት]] ዓላማዎች ብዙ እና ያልተጠቀሙ መረጃዎችን በራስ ሰር ማቀናበር እና የተጠቃሚዎችን ተደራሽነት ቀላል ማድረግ ነው። መብቶችን ስለመስጠት እና ያልተፈቀዱ ተጠቃሚዎችን መዳረሻ ስለመገደብስ? የተደራሽነት መጠን ለመረጃው በተሰጠው የማረጋገጫ ደረጃ መገለጽ አለበት። ተፈፃሚነት ያላቸው ቴክኖሎጂዎች መረጃን ማግኘት፣ የጽሑፍ ማዕድን ማውጣት፣ የጽሑፍ ማረም፣ የማሽን ትርጉም እና የጽሑፍ ምድብ ያካትታሉ። በውይይት ውስጥ፣ የመረጃ ተደራሽነት ብዙውን ጊዜ የነጻ እና የተዘጋ ወይም የህዝብ የመረጃ ተደራሽነት መድንን በሚመለከት ይገለጻል እና በቅጂ መብት፣ በፓተንት [[ሕግ|ህግ]] እና በህዝባዊ አገልግሎት ላይ በሚደረጉ ውይይቶች ይነሳል። የህዝብ ቤተ መፃህፍት የመረጃ ማረጋገጫ [[እውቀት]]ን ለመስጠት ግብዓቶችን ይፈልጋሉ። '''መረጃ መፈለግ''' መረጃ መፈለግ በ[[ሰው]] እና በ[[ቴክኖዎሎጂ|ቴክኖሎጂ]] ሁኔታዎች ውስጥ መረጃን ለማግኘት የመሞከር ሂደት ወይም እንቅስቃሴ ነው። መረጃ መፈለግ ከመረጃ ማግኛ (IR) ጋር የተያያዘ ነው ነገር ግን የተለየ ነው። ብዙ የቤተ-መጻህፍት እና የመረጃ ሳይንስ (LIS) ምርምር በተለያዩ የሙያ ስራዎች መስክ ውስጥ ባሉ ባለሙያዎች መረጃ ፍለጋ ልምዶች ላይ ያተኮረ ነው. የቤተ-መጻህፍት ባለሙያዎች፣[35] ምሁራን፣[36] የህክምና ባለሙያዎች፣ [37] መሐንዲሶች [38] እና ጠበቆች [39] (ሌሎችም መካከል) መረጃ የመፈለግ ባህሪ ላይ ጥናቶች ተካሂደዋል። አብዛኛው ይህ ጥናት በሌኪ፣ ፔትግሪው (አሁን ፊሸር) እና ሲልቫን በ1996 የኤልአይኤስን ስነ-ጽሁፍ (እንዲሁም የሌሎች አካዳሚያዊ መስኮች ስነ-ጽሁፍ) የባለሙያዎችን መረጃ በመፈለግ ላይ ሰፊ ግምገማ ባደረጉት ስራ ላይ ተወስዷል። '''የእውቀት ውክልና እና ምክንያታዊነት''' የእውቀት ውክልና (KR) እውቀትን በምልክቶች ውስጥ ለመወከል የታለመ የሰው ሰራሽ ኢንተለጀንስ ጥናት አካባቢ ሲሆን ከእነዚህ የ[[እውቀት]] ክፍሎች መረዳትን ለማመቻቸት እና አዳዲስ የእውቀት ክፍሎችን መፍጠር። KR ከስር የእውቀት ሞዴል ወይም የእውቀት መሰረት ስርዓት (KBS) እንደ የትርጉም አውታረመረብ ነጻ እንዲሆን ማድረግ ይቻላል።[42]የ[[እውቀት]] ውክልና (KR) ምርምር እንዴት በትክክል እና በትክክል ማመዛዘን እንደሚቻል እና በእውቀት ጎራ ውስጥ ያሉ የእውነታዎችን ስብስብ ለመወከል የምልክት ስብስቦችን እንዴት መጠቀም እንደሚቻል ላይ ትንተናን ያካትታል። የምልክት መዝገበ ቃላት እና የአመክንዮ ስርዓት አንድ ላይ ተጣምረው በKR ውስጥ ስላሉት ንጥረ ነገሮች ግምቶችን ለማስቻል አዲስ የKR ዓረፍተ ነገሮችን ለመፍጠር። አመክንዮ የማመዛዘን ተግባራት በKR ስርዓት ውስጥ ባሉ ምልክቶች ላይ እንዴት መተግበር እንዳለባቸው መደበኛ ትርጓሜዎችን ለማቅረብ ይጠቅማል። አመክንዮ ኦፕሬተሮች እንዴት እውቀቱን እንደሚያስኬዱ እና እንደሚያሻሽሉ ለመግለጽ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል። የኦፕሬተሮች እና ኦፕሬሽኖች ምሳሌዎች፣ አሉታዊነት፣ ትስስር፣ ተውላጠ-ቃላት፣ ቅጽሎች፣ ኳንቲፊየሮች እና ሞዳል ኦፕሬተሮችን ያካትታሉ። [[ስነ አምክንዮ|አመክንዮ]]ው የትርጓሜ ቲዎሪ ነው። እነዚህ ንጥረ ነገሮች-ምልክቶች፣ ኦፕሬተሮች እና የትርጓሜ ፅንሰ-ሀሳብ በKR ውስጥ የምልክቶችን ቅደም ተከተል የሚሰጡ ናቸው። == ዋቢዎች == # Stock, W.G., & Stock, M. (2013) https://books.google.com/books?id=d1PnBQAAQBAJ&q=%22information+science%22 Berlin, Boston, MA: De Gruyter Saur. # Yan, Xue-Shan (2011-07-23) https://doi.org/10.3390%2Finfo2030510 ''Information''. '''2''' (3): 510–527. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Finfo2030510 # https://web.archive.org/web/20111112233108/http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/TECHNO_DETER.html Principia Cibernetica Web. Archived from http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/Techno_deter.html {{Wayback|url=http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/ASC/Techno_deter.html |date=20111112233108 }} on 2011-11-12. Retrieved 2011-11-28. # https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/information%20science ''www.merriam-webster.com''. Archived from the original on 2017-09-25. Retrieved 2017-09-25. # Borko, H. (1968). Information science: What is it? ''American Documentation'' 19(1), 3¬5. # Luciano Floridi, http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pci/downloads/introduction.pdf {{Wayback|url=http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/pci/downloads/introduction.pdf |date=20121009171740 }} 2012-03-16 at the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine ''Metaphilosophy'', 2002, (33), 1/2 # Garshol, L. M. (2004)https://web.archive.org/web/20081017174807/http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tm-vs-thesauri.html#N773 ''Archived from'' http://www.ontopia.net/topicmaps/materials/tm-vs-thesauri.html#N773 ''on 17 October 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2008.'' # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Gruber (June 1993). http://tomgruber.org/writing/ontolingua-kaj-1993.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_Acquisition'''5''' (2): 199–220 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier) https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.101.7493 from the original on 2008-12-17. Retrieved 2012-04-29. # Arvidsson, F.; Flycht-Eriksson, A.https://web.archive.org/web/20081217030507/http://www.ida.liu.se/~janma/SemWeb/Slides/ontologies1.pdf{{Wayback|url=http://www.ida.liu.se/~janma/SemWeb/Slides/ontologies1.pdf |date=20081217030507 }}{{Wayback|url=http://www.ida.liu.se/~janma/SemWeb/Slides/ontologies1.pdf |date=20081217030507 }}{{Wayback|url=http://www.ida.liu.se/~janma/SemWeb/Slides/ontologies1.pdf |date=20081217030507 }}{{Wayback|url=http://www.ida.liu.se/~janma/SemWeb/Slides/ontologies1.pdf |date=20081217030507 }}{{Wayback|url=http://www.ida.liu.se/~janma/SemWeb/Slides/ontologies1.pdf |date=20081217030507 }}{{Wayback|url=http://www.ida.liu.se/~janma/SemWeb/Slides/ontologies1.pdf |date=20081217030507 }}{{Wayback|url=http://www.ida.liu.se/~janma/SemWeb/Slides/ontologies1.pdf |date=20081217030507 }}{{Wayback|url=http://www.ida.liu.se/~janma/SemWeb/Slides/ontologies1.pdf |date=20081217030507 }}{{Wayback|url=http://www.ida.liu.se/~janma/SemWeb/Slides/ontologies1.pdf 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'''16''' (4): 187–193. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier) https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fci60008a001 == ምንጮች == * Borko, H. (1968)."የመረጃ ሳይንስ: ምንድን ነው?". የአሜሪካ ሰነድ. ዊሊ. 19 (1)፡ 3–5.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier) https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fasi.5090190103 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier) https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0096-946X * Leckie, Gloria J.; Pettigrew, Karen E.; Sylvain, Christian (1996).https://semanticscholar.org/paper/4a6306d8d099966ffde9f3a0e4d11272727be601''Library Quarterly''. '''66''' (2): 161–193.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier) https://doi.org/10.1086%2F602864 * Wark, McKenzie (1997). ''The Virtual Republic''. Allen & Unwin, St Leonards * Wilkinson, Margaret A (2001). "ችግርን ለመፍታት በጠበቆች የሚጠቀሙባቸው የመረጃ ምንጮች፡ ተጨባጭ ዳሰሳ". ''Library & Information Science Research''. '''23''' (3): 257–276 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier) https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0740-8188%2801%2900082-2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier) https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:59067811 == ተጨማሪ ንባብ == * Khosrow-Pour, Mehdi (2005-03-22). የመረጃ ሳይንስ እና ቴክኖሎጂ ኢንሳይክሎፔዲያ. የሃሳብ ቡድን ማጣቀሻ. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59140-553-5 == ውጫዊ አገናኞች == * https://www.asist.org/ "በኢንፎርሜሽን ሳይንስ ልምምድ እና በምርምር መካከል ያለውን ልዩነት የሚያጠናቅቅ የባለሙያ ማህበር። ASIS & T አባላት የኢንፎርሜሽን ሳይንስ፣ ኮምፒውተር ሳይንስ፣ ሊንጉስቲክስ፣ አስተዳደር፣ ላይብረሪያንሺፕ፣ ምህንድስና፣ የውሂብ ሳይንስ፣ የመረጃ አርክቴክቸር፣ ህግ፣ ህክምና፣ ኬሚስትሪ፣ ትምህርት እና ተዛማጅ ጉዳዮችን ይወክላሉ። ቴክኖሎጂ". * https://www.ischools.org/ * http://www.success.co.il/is/index.html * http://jis.sagepub.com/ * http://dlist.sir.arizona.edu/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20120521123701/http://www.mesc.usgs.gov/ISB/Science.asp * https://web.archive.org/web/20110319220648/http://www.twu.edu/library/Nitecki/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20110319220648/http://www.twu.edu/library/Nitecki/ * https://web.archive.org/web/20110221054829/http://gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/bates/articles/Berkeley.html * http://www.libsci.sc.edu/bob/istchron/ISCNET/ISCHRON.HTM {{Wayback|url=http://www.libsci.sc.edu/bob/istchron/ISCNET/ISCHRON.HTM |date=20110514235219 }} * https://web.archive.org/web/20140605070024/http://libres.curtin.edu.au/ * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared_decision-making st4sqd11pow8ert1wc9zv4o6u11qw2y አሌክሲ ናቫልኒ 0 55547 392168 392150 2026-05-23T03:41:14Z InternetArchiveBot 35471 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 392168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{የፖለቲካ ሰው መረጃ|ስም=አሌክሲ ናቫልኒ|ስዕል=Navalny LSE 2011 after speech 2.jpg|ቢሮ=|ቀናት=|እናት=|ፓርቲ=ገለልተኛ|ተከታይ4=|ተከታይ3=|ተከታይ2=l|ተከታይ=|ባለቤት=|ቀናት4=|አባት=|ቢሮ4=|ቀናት3=|ቀናት2=|ቢሮ2=|ጠቅላይ_ሚኒስትር=|ፊርማ=|ልጆች=}} '''አሌክሲ ናቫልኒ''' (በሩሲያኛ '''Алексей Навальный''') የሩስያ ተቃዋሚ ፖለቲከኛ፣ ጦማሪ፣ ነጋዴ፣ የሰብአዊ መብት ተሟጋች እና ደጋፊ ነው። የቭላድሚር ፑቲን ዋነኛ የፖለቲካ ተቀናቃኝ ነው፣ በአስር ሚሊዮኖች የሚቆጠሩ የሩሲያ ዜጎች ድጋፍ አግኝቷል። በ 2021 የሰብአዊ መብትን ለማስከበር በሚደረገው ትግል ላስመዘገቡት ስኬቶች የተሰጠው ከፍተኛ የአውሮፓ ሽልማት የአንድሬ ሳክሃሮቭ ሽልማት ተሸልሟል <ref>[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20211209STO19125/sakharov-prize-2021-parliament-honours-alexei-navalny Sakharov Prize 2021: Parliament honours Alexei Navalny]</ref> <ref>[https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/alexei-navalny-obituary-death-v56cwfwv9 Alexei Navalny obituary: the man Putin feared most]</ref>። በወጣትነቱ ናቫልኒ በ 2008 ሩሲያ በ[[ጆርጂያ]] ላይ ያደረሰችውን ወረራ በመደገፍ የዘረኝነት እና የቀኝ አክራሪ ርዕዮተ ዓለምን በመከተል ደገፈ። ሆኖም በ2023 ጆርጂያውያንን በመሳደቡ ይቅርታ ጠየቀ። ተቺዎች የናቫልኒ ስብዕና ከፑቲን ጋር ባደረገው ውጊያ ምስጋና እንደተሻሻለ ያምናሉ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Алексей Навальный извинился перед Грузией и попросил проявить милосердие к Саакашвили |url=https://www.newsgeorgia.ge/aleksej-navalnyj-izvinilsja-pered-gruziej/ |accessdate=2026-03-14 |archivedate=2024-02-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216193600/https://www.newsgeorgia.ge/aleksej-navalnyj-izvinilsja-pered-gruziej/ }}</ref> <ref>[https://doxa.team/articles/navalny-vzglady Алексея Навального до сих пор критикуют за «Русский марш» и слова про «Крым-бутерброд»]</ref>። የአሌሴይ ናቫልኒ አባት [[ዩክሬና]]ዊ ሲሆን እናቱ ሩሲያዊ ናቸው። በ2012 የፑቲን ከፍተኛ ተቃዋሚ የነበረ ሲሆን በ2013 ለ[[ሞስኮ]] ከንቲባነት ተወዳድሮ የነበረ ቢሆንም በተጭበረበረ ምርጫ በፑቲን መንግስት ተሸንፏል። ናቫልኒ በስልጣን ላይ በሚቆየው በሶቢያኒን ተተካ። ፑቲን ታማኙን ሶቢያኒንን ከንቲባ አድርጎ ሾሞታል፣ አሁንም ሞስኮን እየገዛ ነው <ref>[https://www.forbes.ru/news/242254-aleksei-navalnyi-zaregistrirovan-kandidatom-v-mery-moskvy Алексей Навальный выдвинут кандидатом в президенты]</ref>። [[ስዕል:Volunteers and employees Newcaster.TV and Anti-corruption Foundation arrested (2017-03-26).jpg|thumb|250px|የናቫልኒ ደጋፊዎች በሩሲያ ፖሊስ ተያዙ]] [[ስዕል:Navalny nomination in St. Petersburg (38383786625).jpg|thumb|250px|የናቫልኒ ደጋፊዎች]] {{ጥቅስ|ማንኛውም መንግስት ያለ ፉክክር ይጠፋል|አሌክሲ ናቫልኒ|right}} [[፳፻፲፬ የሩሶ-ዩክሬን ቀውስ|ከ 2014 ጀምሮ ሩሲያ በዩክሬን ላይ ያደረሰችውን ወታደራዊ ጥቃት በመቃወም ተናግሯል]]። እሱ [[የ 2014 የዩክሬን አብዮት|በዩክሬን ውስጥ የ 2014 አብዮት]] ደግፏል ነገር ግን [[ክራይሚያ መቀላቀል|የክሬሚያን መቀላቀል]] እንደሚደግፍ ገልጿል። ነገር ግን እ.ኤ.አ. በ 2015 [[ጦርነት በዶንባስ|በዩክሬን ምስራቃዊ ጦርነት ማብቃት አለበት]] ብለዋል። ሆኖም በ2023 ናቫልኒ ይቅርታ ጠይቆ የዩክሬን ድንበሮች ልክ እንደ ሩሲያ የማይጣሱ እና በ1991 በአለም እውቅና የተሰጣቸው መሆኑን ገልጿል። በ2015 የቅርብ ጓደኛው እና የስራ ባልደረባው [[ቦሪስ ኔምትሶቭ]] ባልታወቁ ታጣቂዎች መገደላቸውን ተከትሎ አሌክሲ ናቫልኒ በሩሲያ ውስጥ የሁሉም የፑቲን ተቃዋሚዎች መሪ ሆኖ በመጦመር እና በመቶዎች የሚቆጠሩ የራሱን የፀረ-ሙስና ምርመራ አድርጓል። በ 2018 በተካሄደው የሩሲያ ፕሬዚዳንታዊ ምርጫ ናቫልኒ የፑቲንን በምርጫ ማጭበርበር ውንጀላ ውድቅ በማድረግ በከፍተኛ ድምጽ አሸንፏል <ref>[https://2018.navalny.com/post/495/ Алексей Навальный выдвинут кандидатом в президенты]</ref>። እ.ኤ.አ. በ 2018 በተካሄደው የሩሲያ ፕሬዚዳንታዊ ምርጫ ናቫልኒ የፑቲንን በምርጫ ማጭበርበር ውንጀላ ውድቅ በማድረግ በከፍተኛ ድምጽ አሸንፏል። ሚስቱ ዩሊያ ናቫልኒ ባሏን ለህክምና ወደ ጀርመን ላከች። ከኮማ ከወጣ በኋላ ስለ መርዙ ምርመራ ቀረጻ መቅረጽ የጀመረ ሲሆን በተመሳሳይ ጊዜ ስለራሱ የአሜሪካ ዘጋቢ ፊልም እየሰራ ነበር። በ 2020 [[የአሌክሳንደር ሉካሼንኮ አገዛዝ|በቤላሩስ በአምባገነኑ አሌክሳንደር ሉካሼንኮ ላይ የተካሄደውን ተቃውሞ]] ደግፏል። ወደ ሩሲያ ለመመለስ ወሰነ፣ ነገር ግን እንደደረሰ፣ በአውሮፕላን ማረፊያው ተይዞ በሀሰት ክስ ተከሷል. ሁሉም ሰላማዊ ሰልፎች በባለሥልጣናት [[የሩሲያ ፌዴሬሽን የጦር ኃይሎች|የሩሲያ ጦር]] በመጠቀም ጭካኔ በተሞላበት ሁኔታ ታፍነዋል። ናቫልኒ እስር እና ስቃይ ቢደርስባቸውም ፑቲንን እና ከዩክሬን ጋር ስላለው ጦርነት መናገሩን ቀጠለ <ref>[https://2021-2025.state.gov/the-sentencing-of-russian-opposition-figure-aleksey-navalny/ The Sentencing of Russian Opposition Figure Aleksey Navalny]</ref> ። የአሜሪካ ፊልም "ናቫልኒ" በ 2023 ኦስካር አሸንፏል <ref>[https://www.sundance.org/blogs/2023-oscars-navalny-wins-best-documentary-feature-academy-honors-sundance-alums/ 2023 Oscars: “Navalny” Wins Best Documentary Feature, Academy Honors Sundance Alums ]</ref>። በ2024 እንደገና ተመርዞ በእስር ቤት ሞተ። የቀብር ሥነ ሥርዓቱ የተከናወነው በየካቲት 16 ቀን 2024 በሞስኮ ሲሆን ከከተማው ነዋሪዎች መካከል አንድ አራተኛ የሚሆኑትን አንድ ላይ በማሰባሰብ የተወሰኑት በፖሊስ ተይዘው "ስለ ሠራዊቱ የውሸት ወሬዎች" ተፈርዶባቸዋል፣ ምንም እንኳን ዝም ብለው ቢሄዱም። በፑቲን ሙሉ ቁጥጥር ስር ያሉ ኦፊሴላዊ የሩሲያ ሚዲያዎች በአሌክሲ ናቫልኒ ላይ እየሳለቁበት፣ ስድቡን እየወረወሩበት እና ጸረ-ሩሲያ ተግባራቱን በተመለከተ የውሸት ወሬ እየፈበረኩ ነው፣ ሩሲያን ለማጥፋት የሚፈልግ የምዕራባውያን ወኪል ነኝ በማለት፣ የፑቲን ልጆች እና የልጅ ልጆች ሆላንድ ውስጥ የሚኖሩትን ጨምሮ የሩሲያ የፖለቲካ ልሂቃን ቤተሰቦች በአውሮፓ እና በአሜሪካ እንደሚኖሩ ችላ በማለት <ref>[https://www.dutchnews.nl/2014/07/hilversum_mayor_apologises_for/ Hilversum mayor apologises for Putin daughter deportation callJuly 24, 2014]</ref> <ref>[https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/dochter-poetin-woont-in-penthouse-in-voorschoten~ab782c5b/ Dochter Poetin woont in penthouse in Voorschoten]</ref> <ref>[https://free.navalny.com/ Navalny was killed by putin]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia: UN human rights office ‘appalled’ at death of Navalny in prison |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/02/1146627 |accessdate=2026-03-13 |archivedate=2026-02-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260228060312/https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/02/1146627 }}</ref>። ፑቲን “ይህ ዜጋ” “ይህ ሰው” “ፖለቲከኛ” በማለት የናቫልኒን ስም እስከ ዕለተ ሞቱ ድረስ አልጠቀሰም <ref>[https://navalny.com/p/6447/ Я позвонил своему убийце. Он во всем признался]</ref>። == በአሌሴይ ናቫልኒ ቡድን የተፈጠሩ ዘጋቢ ፊልሞች == [[ስዕል:Fbk logo red.png|thumb|250px|የፀረ-ሙስና ፋውንዴሽን አርማ ፣ የአሌሴይ ናቫልኒ ድርጅት]] * በሩሲያ ውስጥ ስላለው ሙስና <ref>[https://navalny.com/p/5255/ Он вам не Димон]</ref> * በሩሲያ ውስጥ ስላለው ሙስና <ref>[https://navalny.com/p/4573/ Чайка. Главное расследование-2015 от ФБК]</ref> * በሩሲያ ውስጥ ስላለው ሙስና <ref>[https://navalny.com/p/6424/ Томск в плену у депутатской мафии]</ref> * ስለ ሩሲያ በዩክሬን ላይ ስላለው ጦርነት <ref>[https://navalny.com/p/6579/ Патриот за деньги. «Русский мир» в обмен на Эмираты]</ref> == በተጨማሪም ተመልከት == * [[በሶቪየት ኅብረት ውስጥ ተቃዋሚዎች]] * [[የሩሲያ የጦር ወንጀሎች]] * [[የመታሰቢያ ሐውልት]] * [[የፖለቲካ ጭቆና]] * [[ሊበርታሪያኒዝም]] * [[የሩሲያዊ ዓለም]] * [[የሩሲያዊነት]] * [[ፑቲኒዝም]] * [[ጉላግ]] == ዋቢዎች == d9it5s0vnloojwi1a2fpflnnj8bke7b